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AEE Rh aka ey ery, PER erry ; Se sjerin cen en Hieneles teifer Pariireiabe Fas LDH pre ae eee PRO he REAPS: Rebgrarnearn ts peas gear bes Tee LORAINE OE ALD aires 2 fate ree picts metre oh pal EE : J oy eer ieee Bs PLR ee Sips Pia rycbe EP ing ad barr tos ce eee ett toe eS Fe OT fas Pleer ee Bre Be ccs eno E nee ops Bed rs ee Bee Boe boneless 7S BERS aarp bps Ae NPP EES ae i nt Pp peeP Hai srr are * SET IRES EN ha hd cian rs ~ - ‘ es Se hin twoote. nth 3 oe Hk eo " F eee > . ema ee é BED ge Nii) Secunda ees pres Bipite ripen ore = Sema He uae, Brena pe HL Od epee or Spel ip Tee ek eso ee gs g z ; ina rarperrasts par PA ATE Bae >< EARP Sear el RELA RRL 2 pW O ed ppereeear = ae ee be oe oe A Ree earn Ce ood teen Coe: iiicbesneti rs nets SE Boa i as Seatac ee = or “Ai oui PAE AE ie 3 epee sige AR a ee. 2 Pees ee : Pa ee eee ee res Sipe ncane arate ; pehies, ars meen oni hoy eee niversity of Virginia Library 75.P15 B8 1908 il | | | nT Ipha / by il DOL S44 45,7 pares bite pala pond eee heerSoares Sone Pe Kea ae oy Nee ie % SeereeManual oF Pi Aappa Alpha LLOYD. BYRNE, ALPHA-ZETA THRASL H=LICK PRINTING CO. FORT SMITH, ARK.CONTENTS LN ede) Qe Soe Qe: Ue aya, sere eg wteln My Ue fetes age releta) wh siacs lessee ah te ioc ter wae, Oe ee ale ke eae ye 2.50, O18 WC e. 6 fe ace ie eel url eiere et ee SMSO OS ES WAG OPO 06,90 Ga kei” ware fel eo qi exuhiare cre. eee Bie eee pO OO SAO 8 de we WOE 86 a ere isk Ge ete) eater ee eho S DED Po Re SEARS, 8 R886 bee eee Kew O26 ce wee rete le Ou) are ERE ie ER eR ee er eh tee eure a kal Fo eeiagi eee \ sis ry ay DaGicotion er eesti. at eee i AG Thetntroduetion: eis... os. fee ee 5 TOPE PRATERNEPY. 2.30) a ee @ IOUIMGN Oe ae ee ee Co a eee G Si MOT OWE 6c os Ge och aie 2 ake dens wee 10 Weyelommente cc. ecco a ee ae io Matern Mevclopment coc cne pc: ps So ae ee 20 GFOVERMIManty ete was ee i eee 25 GranreGounciimen. 6 cal) 29 ipcostemandy Omcenrs. en. ho Oe 52 Rito lisationke ite en ct pace 56 Parapnernola tic. tn. 8 es ones wie es 43 Biineipl ests sccse hese Sok oy ee ae 53 Lie ME PBC EUA PP BING 0 eee i a 58 Chapter Rose eee Bs oe ee 58 CHAP TER. SCA PIStRee oe eid 62 SOUP, sae oe eee, or ae So ee 64 CHAPTER S KETCHES BR amet rc is oh aa ee A cin 66 RMON sco Wage oe eee oe es .66 ERS Gd ei meng Geer ah eh oe 70 CMe. Bais re ears oe Sik Re CY say Jee SMC te mer cenia tee ee ss é¢ SUC aren saat eG ic he ews eo eet cS BCU pe ath ce tee te ceec cr Si ge Ce ee ar Gr 82 UC eens nae nah ache ce ee 84 Netgear ah aes 87 Otel ov) Se ae 9] Da ence oer ers Se, nage 95 iain bas ee i 98itl. CONTENTS Wa oi eae ee ee ee ee eee 125 Upsilon 128 Phin oo dee ene ee. Oe eo eee 130 GH, ss even bho ee hs ee eee eS rt PS. yea deen? Gas < oho 2 eaten a we yest FS Omidoa Sie eee cA OL anon de eke ere 136 PRPC EY cporer es oe ar Cee a ek ee a 157 Page Ga 6. da wc satus Foe eae 139 era tag ss o ciale eats As a eee 141 Wp eid iid kal cen ee ae 144 PeMRISHOie O25. acc es ee ee . 146 PSE rat ae ok age ok ee ee ee 147 Ribose Galves < ue ntl celts ome 150 AGUHCTA pei. uae ee ea ees eee es E51 PVO GAN ce ae eS ee ee ee Se DCAD ois a ate avn ook ie eae Cae oe ee eee 154 We dneren0d) tsa ee eee 165 MOM ok siete os a eee a eee 157 MICE TEE O) TUN, EF DOD es ynla bie sik we tae erie 159 Con vanhioty Rolls. scans oes +s ae Lee pie ne ae 159 BonwentiOn, S&bLGGeS. <<< i ooa0 5 aes Gc eee 162 First Gonvention ..- acess 162 Second Sg gto oN ene eer 162 Third BY ROS «ke ay oh oe egg ace Sea 164 Fourth BES ek Res cig neta ace er ay a eee 165 Fifth By ee ge Pe yl nee ..168 Sixth Rie oo ene Sa es ee ag Nag Areas 170 Seventh FO a ep SO ae 173 Eighth Ye) eek cata ease ee en 176 Ninth RT PB Cogan Sete eae la 180 Tenth FI Ns Rag eee liar eo i83 Eleventh 7D a aoe ae eae ah ees ae 186 Twelfth PE a aS ee Se ec ea ie 189 Thirteenth oe es Se Aas ee eee a Sieg 192 Fourteenth OY oo le ia een eee 196 Fifteenth a 0 0 246 ee wd oe LN Ses ot 8 2 e065 8The Genclusion CONTENTS SoBe Best OTe OM a oe BA Re tees CL erelerelm a mecern © (pie che Sixteenth RLS RRS Tera ete Rohan ceo 203 Seventeenth See SN TS a aa, ae ene Fe ee ere 206 Eighteenth ss Ie 210 Nineteenth BR asia Gao hiiee PS ele ae ee ee 215 Vee Eee ATE UIVINE elon a vs eee Se eee 217 Ghapten Rolls see ooh oo ee 217 Alumnus :Ghapter Sketches: .....5..2. ke = 220 Alumnus Alpha.:.5...... —: Ga Le a opera 220 RCs DI Gla nice Le oa eRe ee 221 Ganirid ss sce cee ke. 222 : IDG Caen a a oe ee aia ne re ge 229, e BISON fe tas is ae ae ee 225 a ZOtAN See ah Pet ok Oe ee 225 2 Bitdras wae ee ee Sans bo Ce eee 224 1? Dhebae Re ee es ee 22.0 ay Ob eee Oy i ck ee Oe ee 225 fe KG Dpa cake aera ey ee 26 ae Maino. oe ee 226 ” IW EReae ciate ee ee Ce ee ee BS D2 ay INGE rcs Bettie! Se cee os DOF Me DR Tees ee, sae she Pek are tt ig ne oe em 228 my OMIShOn sh. fice os ec ee ee 229 4, BN ye es eG ke ee ee 939 PROMUNENT PUS.. 2 Sa. Se Uae eo oe 250 IG UICH TONS wee pelos eer ede eee 230 INURYSEOnS' seria eo kc ese tamer 253 POU ICIaNS ie ceo meen ss ey ee 255 Gommienatal Mom c..c0s. 1c 2 ob ee 238 Physicians. ..... Pies hee eee ee ere 239 Ibiterany Men: < i0's ok acs or cee 239 Aunletoe rs ee ok eee ee ee, 239 MISGEHANGOUS. jj cncsce. Une ose eee ee 240DEDICATION happy school days, of the the sincere love which mark- is lovingly inscribed to the eta by the In memory of the many friendships, and ed them, this volume Charter members of Alpha-Z Author.THE INTRODUCTION On the night of March Ist, 1868, the Pi Kap- pa Alpha Fraternity was founded atthe University of Virginia, and for forty years this College order has lead indeed a varied career. First it loomed up brightly on the horizon of the Grecian world, and promised fair to become a worthy rival of its older and more strongly entrenched fellows. Then the hand of Fate was laid upon her, and at the end of twenty years, with only two chapters to sustain her good name, her era was about closed, her sun seemed to be almost set. It was at this time that a mere handful of her noble sons came to the res- cue, and by almost superhuman efforts, succeeded in raising the drooping standard, and planted it more firmly than ever before. The second twenty years has now passed, and well has it shown the wisdom of these, who in its darkest hours, came to the res- cue of Pi Kappa Alpha, and planned for its future 2.INTRODUCTION prosperity. Whata debt we of the present time owe to these men. And yet, the great majority of the active membership do not even know their names. Nor is this all. The first two decades of the history of Pi Kappa Alpha are wrapped in the densest fog of ignorance tonearly all of the pres- ent members of the Fraternity. How can the in- itiates be expected to honor and cherish the almost sacred name of the Fraternity, when they know positively nothing concerning its early history, or later achievements? How can men be persuaded that Pi Kappa Alpha is the best, when they know nothing of its history and there is no one to tell them? And how can the active and alumni mem- bers be expected to maintain their interest in the order, when this condition of affairs exists? Strange as it may seem, this very evident need of the Fra- ternity has never been filled, and during the for- ty years of its life, not one line of an historical nature has ever been written concerning it. To partially overcome this defect, the present volume is projected. In placing it before the public, the oAINTRODUCTION author realizes more than anyone else, its many defects and innumerable shortcomings. He real- izes also that there are many others in the Frater- nity, who could have performed the same work much better than he, and his only excuse is that they have failed to undertake it. As may be seen by a glance through the pages, the book is divided into four parts or chapters, V1Z: The Fraternity, The Chapters, The Conventions, and The Alumni. Uuder the first is given a gen- eral outline of the Fraternity’s history for the past forty years. Then follow paragraphs on the Gov- ernment, Publications, Paraphernalia and Prin- ciples of Pi Kappa Alpha. Under “"The Chapters’’ is given a chapter roll and statistics, and historical sketches of each chapter. In the next division, an account of the Conventions is given, while the last chapter contains historical sketches of the Alumni chapters, closing with the names of ‘‘One Hundred Prominent Pi’s.”’ For the very able as- sistance rendered in the issuing of this work, thanks are given to the Grand Historiographer, ieINTRODUCTION who very kindly loaned many of the Fraternity Re- cords, from which invaluable information was ob- tained; to the many alumni, and chapters who in nearly every case, rendered prompt and accurate answers to all letters sent them and lastly all friends for many words of commendation and praise, given in the working up of the book. Special thanks are also due Mr. F. W. Cooper of Ft. Smith, who would acceptno remuneration forthe stenographic work necessaryto place this book in the hands of the publishers. If this work in any way contributes to the upbuilding of Pi Kappa Alpha, or draws clos- er any of the bonds of ®, ®. K. A. it shallnot have been written in vain. It is sincerely hoped that at least it may contribute a little to the knowledge of the members, concerning the fraternity of which they area part, and may serve to make them appreciate more its teachings, and live closer tothe basic principles on which its foundation is laid. Lloyd R. Byrne. Ft. Smith, Ark. March Ist., 1908. feManual of Pi Kappa Alpha I.—THE FRATERNITY FOUNDING. —In the Fall of 1867, there was in attendance at the University of Virginia, a young law student, by name Frederick Southgate Taylor, of Norfolk, Va, Closely associated with him was Littleton Waller Tazewell Bradford, also of Norfolk. These two men were of the same age had been reared together, and had grown into manhood bound by the strongest ties of pure friend- ship. It was at this time that Taylor, realizing the great benefits arising from fraternity mem- bership, decided to establish a new secret order at the University. He had received offers from other fraternities, but owing to the state of chaos which prevailed in them, due to the effects of the late war, he had refused their invitations. aeMANUAL was eminently fitting, that in launching such an enterprise, he should first approach his lifelong friend, L. W. T. Bradford. These two then began the active work of organization. After a careful scrutiny of the student body, they decided upon the following three men to assist them in their, work; James B- Schlater, Julian E. Wood, and Robertson Howard. These men were well known by Taylor and Bradford, not only as students at the Univer- sity, but even before they entered the institution. After having secured these men, the formal or- ganization took place on the night of March Ist., 1868, in Room 39, West Range, then occupied by Bros. Bradford and Taylor, with the following men as foundersof the Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity and charter members of Alpa Chapter; Frederick Southgate Taylor, Littleton Waller Tazewell Brad- ford, James Benjamin Schlater, Jr. Julian Edward Wood, and Robertson Howard. The first initiate was William Alexander, at one time Pres- ident, and now Secretary of the Equitable Life In- surance Company, who designed the badge, which =ePL KAPPA AEE in deference to him, has never been changed. Taylor suggested the name and motto, which still remain the same. ‘The second initiate was A. W. Knox, nowa physician of Raleigh, N. C. It was through him that the Fraternity took its first step in expansion, by the planting of Beta Chapter at Davidson College. Although the records do not show that any of the founders were Odd Fel- lows, itis quite probable that such was the case, as the original symbolism of the fraternity tallies very closely with that of Odd Fellowship. Of the founders Taylor, Howard and Schlater are now de- ceased. Taylor was alawyer and merchant, and at one time a member of the Virginia Lesgislature from Norfolk. Howard was a physician and later occupied the position of Assistant Professor and Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of George- town Washington, D. C.: Schlater was also a doc- tor and was registered from Richmond, Virginia. Bradford and Wood are still living. The former changed his name, upon reaching the age of mat- urity, to that of his maternal grandfather, Tazewell -9-MANUAL and is nowa retired merchant of Norfolk. Wood is a practising physician at Elizabeth City, N. C. It is with a deep sense of pride that the members of the Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity can justly claim that their order sprung from the depths of a pure friendship between life long comrades, and was not organized in opposition to other orders, or to gain political prestige. EARLY GROWTH.—The Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity was projected as a General Fraternity and to this end expansion was sought. It has been generally supposed, and the statement made, that it was organized as a Southern Fraternity. This is not true. In the original constitution, not one word was said as to restricting the fraternity to the South. On the other hand, it was undoubtedly the idea ofits founders to place chapters in all reputable colleges of the United States. However, in the beginning, expansion na- turally took place toward the south, as most of the initiates of the Virginia chapter were from the Southern States. In this way, having gained a 102PL KAPPA ALPES foot-hold in the South, a sentiment against North- ern expansion arose, though it was not until the Hampden-Sydney Convention of 1889 that a con- stitutional enactment positively prohibited the en- trance of Northern colleges. In fact in 1888, a char- ter was issued to a band of men in Lafayette Col- lege at Easton, Pennsylvania, and it was only ow- ing to the weak form of government under which the fraternity was then running, that this chapter was never installed. For the first year of its life, Pi Kappa Alpha remained a local organization at the University of Virginia. However, on the 1st. of March, 1869, it began its national career, by the establishment of Beta Chap- tér at Davidson College, Davidson, N. C., through the efforts of Dr. A. W. Knox. Owing, however, to violent Faculty opposition, this chapter survived less than twelve months, when it surrendered its charter, thus again making Pi Kappa Alpha a loc- al. This blow, however, did not crush the ambition of the young order and through its founder, F. S. afteMANUAL Taylor, in February of 1871, Gamma chapter was established at William and Mary College, Williams- burg, Va. On June 6th. of the same year, through the efforts of P. H. Pitts, Jr., an initiate of the Davidson Chapter, Delta Chapter at Southern Uni- versity, Greensboro, Ala., was chartered. During the Christmas holidays of this year, 1871, the fra- ternity’s first Convention was held at Richmond, Va., Alpha and Gamma being represented. Owing to the failure of its men to return at the opening of ry ¥ the session of 1873-74, 1 Yelta became extinct. Its place was immediately filled by the.establishment uU 1 on November 17th., 1873, of Epsilon Chapter at the Virginia A. & M. College, Blacksburg, Va. Closely => oo > — y ~ following this was the chartering of Zeta chapter at East Tennessee University, Knoxville, Tenn. on March 238rd., 1874. This chapter, however, did not succeed, and, none of its men returning at the opening of the follow- ing session, its charter was surrender ed. Although the constitution of the fraternity provided for an annual convention, it was not until 1876 that the -12-Pl KAPPA ALPES Second Convention was held. This convened at Yellow Sulphur Springs in August, and delegates were present from Alpha, Gamma and Epsilon, which at that time comprised the active roll of the fraternity, Beta, Delta and Zeta having given up DEVELOPMENT.—In 1878, asa result of the Yellow Sulphur Springs Convention, two chap- ters were added, Eta, at the University of Louis- iana, New Orleans, on January 14th., and Theta, at Southwestern Presbyterian University (then Ste- wart College) on October 21st. Asif to offset this march of progress, Gamma Chapter died with are yic Ad RM ae Ase 71.5 ee William and Mary College, which ciosea its doors mi . aN a we Fax oe Dhia TAC noe - during this year. This was one of the strongest ternity. Yet harder luck was in store for the young order, as anti-fraternity legislation was brought to bear, which caused Epsilon at the Vir- ginia A. & M. College to give up its charter in 1880 to be followed in 1881 by Eta at the University of Louisiana, through failure of its men to return. At 132MANUAL this time only two chapters, Alpha and Theta, were left to uphold the banner of Pi Kappa Alpha. Al- pha was very anxious tomerge with some other or- ganization, and wanted Theta to join her in her ef- forts to accomplish this end. Theta, however, re- fused to take this step, and notified Alpha that she would undertake the responsibility of carrying on the fraternity herself. Many were the discus- sions in Theta’s chapter hall concerning the merg- ing with another fraternity, and at one time in 1882, in connection with Alpha, steps were taken to gain admittance into the Delta Psi Fraternity, but this action was retracted and later in the year attempts were made to establish chapters at Cen- tral University, Richmond, Ky., Cumberland Uni- versity, Lebanon, Tenn., and revive Beta at David- son College. These efforts, however, were of no avail. In 1883, the Sigma Nu Fraternity, which, through reversessimilar to Pi Kappa Alpha, had been reduced to three chapters, proposed to con- solidate the two organizations. This offer was re- jected by both Alpha and Theta. In 1884, in the AePL RAPPA ALPHA face of much opposition, application was made for admittance into Beta Theta Pi and later Delta Kappa Epsilon by Theta, but both of these were withdrawn before presentation. During the session of 1884-85 two offers of affiliation were made to Theta, one from Sigma Alpha Epsilon and another from KappaSigma, but both were rejected. Through R. M. Kennedy, Theta, Iota was established in No- vember 1885. Just after her installation, a second offer of affiliation of the whole fraternity came from Sigma Alpha Epsilon. Alpha was anxious to accept but Theta and Iota stood fast and voted ‘‘No’’. At this time steps were taken toward the revival of Zeta and Eta. The latter came to naught, but efforts on the former resulted in the revival of Zeta at the University of Tennessee in 1886. In the same year, Theta in lieu of any better form of communication, attemped the circulation of a series of circular letters between the chapters, but the plan was not practicable, so it fell through. Through the earnest efforts of D. J. Brimm, Theta, this game year saw work begun on the “Index *:. but -15-MANUAL owing to the indifference of the other chapters, this too resulted disastrously, and in the next year, 1887, Zeta again succumbed through indifference. In the Summer of 1886, the Third Convention was ealled to meet in Louisville, . Theta sent six del- egates, but owing to a ae as to the time, Iota’s two delegates arrived several days late, after Theta’s delegation had left, so that no- thine was accomplished. In 1888, Kappa, at the Kentucky A.&M. College, was established o nly to sudside into peace the following year. At this time, Iota had taken steps toward the location of a chap- ter at LaFayette College, Easton, Pa., but owing to the weak form of government, under which the fraternity was existing, the possibility of the chap- ter was lost. Her next efforts resulted more favor- ably, by the establishment of Lambda at the South Carolina Military Academy on January 24th. 1889. The Fourth Convention was held at Hampden-Syd- ney, Va. during Christmas week of 1889, and the whole governmental system of the Fraternity was revised. Just previous to this Convention, S162PI KAPPA ALPHA Alpha proposed the merging of the whole fraternity into ‘‘Phi Kappa Sigma, but Theta and Iota voted against it. The first publication of the Fraternity under the title of the ‘‘Pi Kappa Alpha Bulletin’’ published by J. T. McAlester at the University of Virginia, made its appearance in the Fall of 1889. +¥ In was secret in nature and only one issue ever ap- peared. Through it the Hampden-Sydney Conven- tion was called. In the early part of 1890, Lamba was forced to surrenderits charter on account of of anti-fraternity Cre and Alpha disbanded because of internal strife. On December 2th. 1890, Mu, at the Presbyterian College of South Carolina, was installed. In January of the following year Robt. A. Smythe, Lambda, began the publication of the ‘‘Pi Kappa Alpha Journal,’’ which, in Janu- ary 1892, assumed the title of the ‘‘Shield and Dia- mond,’’ As which it has been published more or less regularly since. In the early part of 1891, March Ath., Alpha was revived, Nu, at Wofford College, ‘nstalled on March 7th., Xi at the South Carolina College, on October 20th., and Omicron at Rich- AGMANUAL mond College on October 25th. The last named chapter made no additions and died in the Fall of 1892. A Convention was projected to meet during the Summer of 1891, at Clarksville, Tenn. but owing to the failure of the Councillor Princeps to call the meeting in time, it was called off at the last moment. However, later a Convention was call- ed and met during Christmas week at Danville, Va. In Pi Kappa Alpha circles, the year 1892 was marked not only by the loss of Omicron, but by the establishment of Pi at Washington and Lee Uni- versity on February 4th., Rho at Cumberland Uni- versity on October 20th., and Alumnus Alpha at Richmond, Va., the latter being the first alumnus chapter to be organized. The Convention of this year met during Christmas week at Knoxville, Tenn., and revived and installed Zeta at the Uni- versity of Tennessee. Only one active chapter was added during 1893, Sigma, at Vanderbilt University, September 23rd. Great activity was manifested in the establishment of alumus chapters however, as the following were =[8-PI KAPPA ALPHA established: Alumnus Beta at Memphis, Tenn.., Alumnus Gamma at White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., and Alumnus Delta at Charleston, Sy Ge The Convention of the year was convened at Richmond, Va. on December 27th. During the year 1894 no new chapters were added, but Beta and Gamma were revived on November 30th and December 20th. respectively. The latter, however, was not firmly grounded and died the year following. In March 1894,, owing to the low state of the fraternity’s finances, and the lack of support on the part of the Alumni, the Shield and Diamond suspended publi- cation. The Convention met at Nashville, Tenn. in December. Beside the loss of Gamma, the year 1895 also chronicled the death of Sigma, through failure of its men to return. A Convention was projected to meet at Atlanta, Ga. during July, but owing to the low ebb of the fraternity’s finances, which would not allow the attendant expenses, a call was never issued and the Convention never convened. During this year two new names were added to the chapter roll, Tau at the University of North Caro-. -19-MANUAL lina, on February 1lth., and Upsilon at the Ala- bama Polytechnic Institute on April 5th. In Janu- ary 1896 the Shield and Diamond again appeared un- der the management of Robt. A. Smythe, as before. P Phi at Roanoke College was established on October ZAth., and ae the same year Alumnus Epsilon at Norfolk, Va. came into being. Again Richmond entertained the annual convention during the first C week in July. e year 1897, though giving no new active chapters to the Frater nity, saw the reviving of Sigma on April 8rd and ae second revival of Gamma on October 6th. Three new Alumnus chap- ters were established, Alumnus Zeta at Dillon, S. C., Alumnus Eta at New Orleans. ae and Alum- nus Theta at Dallas, Tex. Alpha sustained at this time the great loss of - Carolina College, through anti-fratern- ity legislation, on July 1st., and Tau, from failure of its men to return inthe Fall! The Convention met at Nashville, Tenn. on June 17th. LATER DEVELOPMENT._ In 1898, Pi Kappa Alpha gained Chi, at the University of the -2()-PEKAPPA ALPE South on May 24th., and Alumnus Iota at Knoxville, Tenn., but Pi chapter was forced to surrender its charter, as none of its men returned at the opening of the Fall term. During the Summer of this year the Supreme Council began the publication of the Dagger and Key, the first number of which contain ed the minutes of both the Nashville Convention of 1897 and: the Atlanta Convention of 1898. The Shield and Diamond was also changed from a bi- monthly to a ieee appearing five times a t Atlanta, Ga. in OM oe ee year. The Convention conve 1 1 XT yw 200 NOV NNT 4 } XT Me 7 ¥ + July. The year 1899 saw the revival of Tau on the evening of January 28th. For the second time Knoxville, Tenn. entertained the Convention, dur- ing the month of June. During 1900, one new chap- ter was added, Psi at the North Georgia Agricul- tural College on March 20th., and Kappa was reviv- ed at Kentucky University on November 12th. On May 2nd. and 8rd. the Convention was held at Spartanburg; S. C. The year 1901 saw the chart- ering of Omega at Kentucky State College on June 13th., and Alpha-Alpha at Trinity College on Nov- 1MANUAL ember 26th. During the year two of the inactive chapters were revived, Omicron at Richmond Col- lege on October 12th. and Pi at Washington and Lee University on October 15th. The Convention was held at Charlotte, N. C. on April 3rd. and 4th. Only one active and one alumnus chapter was added in 1902, Alpha Beta at Centenary College and Al- umnus Kappaat Charlottesville, Va. Norfolk enter- tained the Convention during the month of June. In 1908, one active chapter and one alumnus chap- ter was established, and one chapter revived, Alpha Gamma at the Louisiana State University on June Ath. and Alumnus Lambda at Opelika, Ala. Eta at Tulane University was revived on October 8rd. The annual Convention was convened at Nashville, Tenn. on April 7th and 8th. As concerns chapter extensions, the year 1904 was the most progressive of the fraternity’s life. Five new chapters were added: Alpha Delta at the Georgia Institute of Tech nology on February 27th., AlphaEpsilon at the North Carolina A. & M. College on November 11th. , Alpha Zeta at the University of Arkansas on Noy- 29.PUKAPES ALPHA ember 19th., and on the same night, Alpha Eta at the University of Florida, and Alpha Theta at the West Virginia University on December 16th. Ow- ing to the decline of the College and failure of its men to return on that account, Alpha Beta became inactive in the Fall of 1904. The Convention was held at Atlanta, Ga. April 7th. and 8th. The year 1905 saw the establishment of Alpha Iota at Muill- gaps College on April 7th., and Alpha Kappa at MissouriSchool of Mines on December 2nd. After a period of thirty-two years’ inactivity, Delta, at Southern University was revived on November 20th of this year. The Convention convened at Chattanooga, Tenn. on April 25th. Only one ad- dition was made to the fold in 1906, Alpha Lamb- da, at Georgetown College, April 24th. During this year, Nu, at Wofford College, was killed by anti-fraternity laws in September, and Sigma at Vanderbilt University, from failure of its men to return. At Commencement (June) of 1906, Pi Kappa Alpha had the largest active chapter roll of her history,. thirty-one actives and four inactives, 93MANUAL comprising a total of thirty-five. Owing to the change in the Constitution, which made the Con- vention biennial, no meeting was held in 1906. No active chapters were installed in 1907, but three Alumnus organizations were perfected; Alumnus Mu at Ft. Smith, Ark., Alumnus Nu at Birming- ham, Ala., and Alumnus Xi at Lynchburg, Va. The first biennial Convention was held at Rich- mond, Va May Ilst., 2nd., and 8rd. Two Alumnus chapters were added in 1908. Alumnus Omicron at Spartanburg, 8. C. and Alumnus Pi at Gaines- ville, Ga., and Alumnus Alpha and Eta, which had been dormant, were thoroughly revived. On the night of January 25th., 1908, Alpha Mu at the Un- iversity of Georgia was installed with five charter members, this being the last active chapter estab- lished in the first forty years of Pi Kappa Alpha’s history. During the four decades of her life the Fraternity has established thirty-six active and sixteen alumni chapters. Of these, six actives are dead, four on account of anti-fraternity legislation, one on account of the death of the College, and one -24-PE KAPPA ALPHA through indifference. Her fortieth birthday finds her with thirty active and sixteen alumni organi- zations. GOVERNMENT:-—As has been previously stated, the original constitution of the Fraternity provided for an annual convention as the govern- ing body of the order, the senior chapter to exer- cise such authority during its recess. At these conventions, each chapter having a delegate or de- legates present, was entitled to one vote. How- ever, owing to various circumstances, for the first twenty years of its life, the fraternity held only three conventions, thus for this period the execu- tive power was vested almost entirely in Alpha Chapter, until 1885, when owing to the weakened condition of Alpha, Theta took the reins for a few years. Alpha not being dead, but only in a com- atose condition, deprived Theta of much of the au- thority which would have been hers, had Alpha been really dead. Thus, for the four years be- tween 1885 and the Hampden-Sydney Convention of 18809, the fraternity existed under a very lax if eeMANUAL not totally inadequate form of government. Un der the parent chapter system, the senior chapter’s acts were supreme, except in the issuing of chart- ers, in which each chapter had a vote, unanimous consent being necessary before a charter was grant- ed. Alpha held this power even after her decline until the Hampden-Sydney Convention, Lambda chapter being the last one chartered in this way. At the Hampden-Sydney Convention this system was radically changed. The executive pow- er was still left in the hands of the annual Conven- tions, while a Grand Council was given power to act during its recess. This Grand Council consist- ed of an active and an alumnus member from each active chapter, elected by their respective chapters, and two officers,a Councillor Princeps and a Grand Secretary and Treasurer, elected by this Council, It soon became evident that the latter named office should be divided into two, so that in less than a year, the Grand Council separated them into two departments, under the charge of a Grand Secre- -26-Fi KAPPA CEH A tary and a Grand Treasurer. At the Danville Con- vention of 1891, a set of By Laws for the Grand Council was created, The fraternity existed un- der this form of government for eight years, two new offices, Grand High Councillor and Grand Chaplain, to be elected by the Convention, having been added in that time, The former was soon changed to Supreme Councillor, During this per- iod, it became evident that the Grand Council was a failure. It was entirely too unwieldy for pract- ical purposes, no formal meetings had been held, ex- cept on the adjournment of each convention, and at these meetings, very few of the members were pre- sent, in most instances the Convention delegates acting as members of the Council in their stead. A very poor correspondence system had been adopt- ed, and the members had shirked their duty, let- ting all the burden fall upon the officers’ shoulders. After 1894, the management of the fraternity was practically entirely in the hands of the officers, and no new Councilmen were elected. At the Nash- -27-MANUAL ville Convention of 1897, the Constitution was a- gain revised, and the Grand Council as consisting of chapter Councilmen was abolished, their powers being transferred to the previously mentioned Grand Officers, of which the Councillor Princeps, Grand Secretary and Grand Treasurer were an executive Commitee, under the title of Supreme Council, Since then three new officers have been created, viz; Grand Historiographer, Grand Chancellor, and Deputy Grand Treasurer. The latter, however, has been discontinued. The Chattanooga Conven- tion of 1905 changed the names of the Supreme Councillor, and Grand Princeps to Grand Councill- or and Grand Princeps, and made the Grand Histor- iographer a member of the Supreme Council. The annual Conventions were continueduntil 1906. At the Chattanooga Convention of 1905, these meetings were changed to biennial. So the Government of the fraternity is now vested in a biennial Convention, in the recess of which its duties fall on the Grand Officers, which are Grand Councillor, Grand Chan- 98.PI KAPPA ALPHA cellor, Grand Chaplain, Grand Princeps, Grand Sec- retary, Grand Treasurer, and Grand Historiographi- er. The last four mentioned comprise the Execut- ive Commitee or Supreme Council of the fraternity with the Grand Princepsasits chairman. The Sup- reme Council has power to issue charters, suspend chapters, and perform all other duties in the recess of the Convention. From 1889 to 1907, the general office of the Fraternity was at 226 Meeting Street, Charleston, S. C. under the management of the Grand Jreas- urer, whois also Managing editor of the ‘Shield and Diamond’, the organ of the Fraternity. In the summer of 1907, the General office was moved from Charleston to Atlanta, Ga., where it is now located at Room No. 517. Austell Building, under the same inanagement as heretofore, GRAND COUNCILMEN,.—In the follow- ing roll will be found the names of the Chapter Grand Councilmen, active and alumnus, by chap- ters, from the establishment of the Grand Council -29-.MANUAL in 1889 till its abolishment in 1897. Very possibly -some names have been ommitted from this roll as the records on this point are very incomplete. ACI ALUMNUS ALPHA F. M. Magruder J.o1. McAlester be Cox John S, White ZETA WN ks Leone: J. R. Campbell THETA Robert Hill Do) Brinn John B, Gordon J.-M. Wells John S, Doster CS. Sholl FO PA Holmes Ralston H. B. Arbuckle J. G. McAllister MU W. R, Owings W. S. Jacobs | 1D. jacobsPI KAPPA ALPHA NU W.M. Alexander Robt. A, Smythe PH Edwards 7. GC. Spann J. K. Crosswell XI fF. Strother S.C. Byrd OMICRON M. L, Lawson Pt A Latar EG] ivey WD; Adams, {x. CG sPrice RHO av: |, King A. S. Maddox Although Sigma, Tau, Upsilon and Phi were installed and Beta and Gamma revived before this system was abolished, they never elected Council- men, as the government even at that time was really in the bands of the officers, and the Grand Council existedin name only. The Knoxville Con- vention of 1892 amended the Constitution so as to allow the Convention to elect a Councilman from aeMANUAL each of the inactive chapters. Under this enact- ment, the following men were elected at that time: Beta —— Dr George Stmmey, Gamma— Hon B. B, Munterd, Epsilon — Julian A. Hall, Lambda— Robt. A, Smythe, The Councillor Princeps, D. J. Brimm, was author- ized to appoint such Councilmen from Delta and Eta. but this was never done. Upon its installa- tion, Nu Chapter not having any alumni, Robt. A. Smythe, Lambda, was elected its Alumnus Council- man, Omicron never had an Alumnus Councilman PAST GRAND OFFICERS.—In the following list of the past Grand Officers of the Fraternity the names are given in the order of their election, the last named, being the present incumbent cf each office, with the exception cf Ccuncilcr Princeps Grand High Councillor, Supreme Councillor, and Deputy Grand Treasurer, which offices have been abolished,PI KAPPA ALPHA COUNCILLOR PRINGCEPS. ‘Theron: Hi. Rice, ir. Theta, Daniel J. Brimm, Theta, H. B. Arbuckle, Iota, Ix, ik, Jones, Jota. W. M. Anderson, Theta, Robt, Bill: Theta GRAND PRINCEPS. Arthur C, Jones, Alpha, |. 2, Powers, |[r., Zeta, GRAND HIGH COUNCILLOR. Daniel J. Brimm, Theta, Floyd Hughes, Gamma, SUPREME COUNCILLOR. Floyd Hughes, Gamma, R, M. Hughes, Gamma, GRAND COUNCILLOR. Floyd Hughes, Gamma, GRAND TREASURER, Robt. A. Smythe, Lambda, -33.MANUAL DEPUTY GRAND TREASURER, We Clark. Sigma, H. M. McAllister, Iota, GRAND SECRETARY, Robt. A. Smythe, Lambda, j. 34 Foster, Theta, J. T. McAllister, lota, J. G. McAllister, Iota, Robert Hill, Theta, KR He Troy, Zeta oP; Bowers, fn, Zeta, J. R. Williamson, Sigma, H. M. McAllister, Iota, C, W. Underwood, CAI, GRAND HISTORIOGRAPHER. Arthur C, Jones, Alpha J. Graham Sale, Pi GRAND CHAPLAIN. Theron H, Rice, Theta, J. R. Howerton, Theta, EM. Graig, Iota, -34-PI KAPPA ALPHA C, W. Boyd Chi, J. S. Foster, Theta, W. L, Palmer. Theta, J. G. McAllister, Iota, GRAND CHANCELLOR, |. B.. Powers, jr., Zeta, J. G. Hughes, Xi, The above, together with the list of Grand Council- men may be termed the Honor Rollof Pi Kappa Alpha. Of these men Alpha has given one, Gamma two,Zeta two, Theta seven, Iota six, Lambda one, Xi one, Pi one, Sigma one, and Chitwo. Of the Grand Chaplains, six have been Presbyterian minis- ters and one an Episcopalian. Asaresume it may be said that the parent chapter systsm, at best, even when that chapter is alive, and awake to the interest of the general fra- ternity isa monarchial form of govérnment, and not suited to an organization, whose very founda- tions are laid on democratic principles. The theory of the Grand Council system is fine, but practic- -35-MANUAL ally it is a failure, on account of its size and inabil- ity to hold frequent meetings. From every stand- point, the present system, under which the frater- nity is running, is ideal, embracing as it does the democracy of the Convention, and the activity of the Supreme Council in its recess. PUBLICATIONS.—In 1886, through the ef- forts of D. J]. Brimm, Theta, information was sought for the publication of a volume called “The Index,’’ but owing tothe low ebb of the fra- ternity at that time, but little was accomplished and the enterprise was given up. The work was projected as an historical and biographical sketch and was not in the nature of a periodical, more nearly resembling a catalogue. Although it failed to materialize, the work done on it was not lost as it formed the ground work for the catalogue of 1891 In 1889 J. T. McAllister, at the University of Vir- ginia, got out ona small hektograph machine a sheet which he called the ‘‘Pi Kappa Alpha Bulletin.” This was of a secret nature, and as McAllister did 26:PI KAPPA ALPHA not return to the University the next year, but one issue ever appeared, However, through the ‘‘Bul- letin,’ the Hampden-Sydney Convention of 1889 was called, and in this it served its purpose well. In January 1891, Robt. A. Smythe, a recent in- itiate of Lambda, undertook the publication on his own responsibility of the ‘Pi Kappa Alpha Journal.’ This appeared asa bi-monthly, and after many strug- gles, completed its first year successfully. In Jan- uary 1892, the Grand Council of the Fraternity undertook the publication of the maga zine, under the name of the ‘Shield and Diamond,” with Smythe as Managing Editor, D, J. Brimm, Literary Editor, and J. T. McAllister, Corresponding and Ex- change Editor. The first three issues appeared as a monthly, after which it was changed toa bi-month- ly, and appeared regularly as such until March, 1894, with which issue it suspended publication on account of the financial depression of the Frater- nity’s treasury. In June 1393; Dr. HE.B-. Arbuckle was chosen to succeed Brimm as Literary Editor _377.MANUAL At the Nashville Convention of 1894, provision was made to change the ‘Shield and Diamond” to a quarterly, but as the magazine did not appear again until January 1896, the provision was never put into effect. Onthe date mentioned the Shield and Diamond again made its appearance under the same management as mentioned before, with R. R. Jones and J. Gray McAllister as Con- tributing Editors, the latter being succeeded in June 1896 by Robt. Hill. Asa bi-monthly, it appeared regularly until May 1898. In December 1897, W. M. Anderson was chosen Contributing Editor to succeed R. R. Jones. The Atlanta Convention of 1898 changed the publication froma bi-monthly to one appearing five times a year, and in this way, it has appeared regularly since, In September 1898, Robt. H. Troy, succeeded W. M, Anderson on the Editorial Board and in turn was replaced by J. Pike Powers, Jr., in October 1899. In September 1900 Dr. Robt. Hill gave place to Dr. H. B. Arbuckle, aS a member of the Board. The Nashville Con- -38-PI KAPPA ALPHA vention of 1903 elected an additional Board of Edit- ors of the ‘‘Shield and Diamond,”’ to be selected from the active members, and to assist the Manag- ing Editor in the collection of material, and pub- lication of the magazine. A list of these editors may be found in the Sketches of the Sixteenth aud Seventeenth Conventions, This board was dis- pensed with at the Chattanooga Convention of 1905. The Nashville Convention of 1903 also recommend- ed that the magazine appear three times a year instead of five, but as this plan was impracticable it was never acted upon. The Atlanta Convention of 1904 provided for an exchange editor, and M. W. Smith was elected to the position, but no work was accomplished in this department, and it was dropped, its place being taken by an additional Corresponding Editorship in November 1906, H. M. McAllister being elected to fill the chair, The Richmond Convention of 1907 made ample pro- vision for the betterment of the magazine by the appointment of a new Editorial Board, as follows; -39-MANUAL one Managing Editor, two corresponding or Con- tributing Editors, and three Department Editors in charge of the Exchange Alumni, and College World Departments. The following board was elected re- spectively to fill the various chairs; Robt. A,Smythe Managing editor, J. Pike Powers, Jr. and H. M. McAllister, Corresponding Editors, H. B. Arbuckle College World Editor, C. W. Underwood, Ex- change, and J. Graham Sale, Alumni Editor, with Floyd Hughes, Jr. as his assistant. In December 1907, the latter died,and was succeeded by Jas, M. Hubbard, This Board are nowthe present incum- bents. From avery small beginning in 1891, the magazine has constantly grown bettter and larger, until the present (Seventeenth) volume can and does compare favorably with many of the maga- zines of the older orders. In 1891, Robt. A. Smythe, Editor of the Pj Kap pa Alpha Journal,’ compiled a catalogue of the fra- ternity. This was built on the old foundation of the ‘‘Index’’ and on account of the Scarcity of the -4()-PI RAPPA ALPHA old chapter records, was of necessity full of inaccur- acies, and very incomplete. It wasa great work however, and has been of inestimable benefit to the fraternity. It contained about one hundred and fifty life sketches, and showed forty-eight active members, three hundred and nineteen alumni, and twenty-two deceased, or a total membership of three hundred and eighty-nine. At the time of its publication, it was the intention of its compiler to issue a second edition on March Ist., 1893, the twenty-fifth anniversary of the fraternity’s founding This was to have beena full and comprehensive volume, but circumstances prevented its appearing. At the present time, under the management of the Grand Historiographer, material is being gathered for a complete directory of the fraternity, to appear during the following year. The Nashville Convention of 1897, which estab- lished the fraternity’s present form of government, provided for the publication of a secret journal, to contain the minutes of the Conventions, Grand Of- At:MANUAL ficers, and Chapters reports, and other matter of secret nature. Such a publication had been pro- vided for before, at the Nashville Convention of 1894, but had never been brought to life, but in 1898, it made its first appearance from the gen- eral office under the distinctive title of the ‘Dagger and Key.”’ Itisissued immediately after each Con- vention, and up to 1905 was an annual, but as the Chattanooga Convention of that year changed the Convention to bi-ennial, this journal now makes its appearance every twoyears. The Constitution of the fraternity, and By Laws of the Supreme Council, neither of which are secret, are published from time to time from the General Office. Work is now being pushed upon a collection of fraternity songs, and it will not be long ere these are in book form, In October 1906, Lloyd R. Byrne began collecting material for a history of the Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity, Aftex nearly two years of effort this work now makes its appearance, on the fortieth anniversary of the fraternity’s birth, as the ‘(Mian 42PL KAPPA ALPHA ual of Pi Kappa Alpha.” It is purely historical, and seeks to give an honest account of the life of the fraternity, In 1897, Rho Chapter at Cumberland Univers- ity issued a chapter catalogue, under the name of the ‘‘Rho Messenger,’’ and this was intended to be issued annually, but only the first number has ever appeared. In 1898, the Vanderbilt chap- ter (Sigma) had composed, and dedicated to the Fraternity, a two-step, called the ‘‘Pi Kappa Alpha March” by Mr. H. Bellsteat, Jr., the prominent band leader and composer, Zeta Chapter at the University of Tennessee has also had a march ded- icated to the fraternity. These together with in- dividual poems songs programmes, etc. complete the publications of Pi Kappa Alpha, PARAPHERNALIA.—tThe badge of the fra- ternity as designed by Bro. Alexander consisted of a shield surmounted by a diamond. Upon the dia- mond were the three Greek capitals II. K. A. the the K being larger than the II and A. In the four 42:MANUAL corners of the shield, commencing at the upper left hand, were shown the small Greek letters® ® K. A. The first badge was a plain, flat, gold de- sign with the diamond outlined, and the letters marked in black enamel, and presented a square appearance. There is only one of these pins now in existence. Next in the evolution of the pin, the diamond was slightly raised and enameled in black. The shield was enameled in deep blue, and the letters on both the shield and diamond were in gold, as at present. This pin was rectangular in shape. Yet another step, left the remainder of the pin unchanged, and enameled both the shield and diamond deep blue. The present official badge is of fourteen karat gold, and consists of a shield of white enamel, surmounted by a raised diamond of black, the letters of both being in gold. They are madein three sizes, either large, medium, or small and may be plain or jeweled. They are rectangular in shape, the height being twice the width and are supplied upon application, accompan- ied by the symbol, to the official jewelers, ap- 44.PI KAPPA ALPHA pointed by the Supreme Council of which there are at present four. Before the present badge came into use there were no jeweled ones. The first coat of arms of the fraternity, as adopted by Alpha, under the parent chapter system consisted of a shield, surmounted by a diamond, the cut being very nearly square. In the middle of the diamond was an altar, on the side of which a dagger and key were crossed. The smoke of in- cense rose from the altar, while kneeling before it was a plumed and helmeted knight and an an- gel hovering over. Above the altar in the top cor- ner of the diamond were the three Greek capitals Il. K. A. Immediately beneath the altar were the four small Greek letters ®. ®. K. A. and beneath these in the lower corner of the diamond, were two clasped hands. In the upper left hand corner of the shield were pictured a Damon and Pythian scene. Inthe other upper corner was shown a clear firmament, dotted with stars, surrounding the world and looked upon by an open eye. In the lower left hand corner, ona cloudy background -A5-MANUAL was seen several links of an unbroken chain and in the last corner, was shown a mailed hand clasp- ing a short dagger. This was engraved by Wright of Philadelphia, and as it contained all the symbols of the fraternity, it was considered an exellent one. It remained the official Coat of Arms until theKnox- ville Convention of 1892, at which meeting the fol- lowing was adopted: Massive castle, moated and tur- reted, gate in two parts, both closed. Ina semicircle over the gate were the Greek capitals II. K. A.On the foundation stones were seen the small Greek letters ®- ©. K. A. In the right hand gate, a small door opened, guarded by a Grecian soldier holding in right hand a long spear; butt resting on the ground. On the left side of belt encircling soldier’s waist, was a key and on the right side, a dagger. This design was by no means satisfact- ory, so the Richmond Convention of 1893, destroy- ed it, and again adopted the original Coat of Arms already described. The second Coat of Arms was never used and it is very doubtful whether or not a single engraving wasever made of it. The or- AG:PI KAPPA ALPHA iginal design remained official until the Chatta- nooga Convention of 1905, When a committee was ap- pointed to design a new one. This has been a- dopted by the fraternity, and is as follows: A Shield on the face of which, appears the Greek capitals Il. K. A., below which is an unsheathed dagger. On the top of the shield isa plumed helmet. Be- hind the shield is an extended scroll, bearing on the left hand side,the small Greek letters ®.®. and on the right hand side K. A. Also behind the shield is acrossed dagger and key, joined by a chain, while a hand clasps the dagger. Below the shield in regular formation are two sprigs of the Lily of the Valley. From behind the whole design emanate the rays of anunseen diamond. This was designed by M. W. Smith of Omega Chapter and engraved by Elliot of Philadelphia, and is copy-- righted, making a very beautiful, and highly satis- factory design. The colors of the fraternity, have from its found- ing been old gold and garnet, and its flowers are alsMANUAL the gold standard tulip, and the Lily of the Valley, the last having been adopted at the Danville Con- vention of 1891. The former bears the colors of the fraternity. The emblems of the colors and flowers make them particularly fitting as belonging to Pi Kappa Alpha. The symbols of the fraternity consist of a shield surmounted by a diamond, bear- ing the Greek capitals II, K. A. In the four cor- ners of the shield appear the small Greek letters ®, ®. K, A. Behind this design are a crossed dag- ger and key. The Great Seal, used upon the issuing of char- ters and other official papers by the Supreme Coun- cil is as follows: In the center of an inner circle, surrounded by radiating points, are the Greek cap- ital letters II. K. A., the K being larger than the II and A. Around the upper part of the circle sur- rounding these letters, is the legend, ‘‘Founded at the University of Virginia March Ist. 868." At the bottom of this circle are the four small Greek letters ®, ©. K. A. At the top and without the in- -48-PI KAPPA ALPHA ner circle, in large capital letters is the following, ‘Supreme Council,” and at the bottom in similar type ‘‘Governing the Fraternity.” The whole is surrounded by a milled circle in relief. The Great Seal isin the custody of the Grand Secretary and is affixed by him to official papers, upon the order of the Supreme Council. The first pledge or alumni button was adopted at the Richmond Convention of 1893. It was the size of a ten cent piece, and was divided by diagon- al lines into one half garnet, and one half old gold, with the Greek capitals II. K. A. across the cen- ter in gold letters. At the Atlanta Convention of this was changed to a button, bearing a and the letters II. K. A. in 1904, crossed dagger and key, gold on a field of garnet, At first these were used almost exclusively as alumni buttons,and infact the first was designed for this purpose alone. later this was changed and today, are worn alone and are known as pledge pins. The However, by pledges, tion of 1904, also adopted a res- _49- Atlanta ConvenMANUAL olution, providing for a Convention button. This was to be struck from some inexspensive metal, and of suitable design, which shall show the date and place of the Convention. This button js to be de- signed by the Supreme Council before each Con. vention and are supplied the delegates by the of- ficial Jewelers, The fraternity allows the use of the symbols on different kinds of jewelry, man- ufactured by the Official Jewelers, who are ap- pointed by the Supreme Council from year to year The first banner of the fraternity was adopted at the Danville Convention of 1891, and was as fol- lows. To be square with two bars running diagon- ally across from the corners. The field to be of garnet, the bars of old gold, stars of silver repre- senting the number of chapters to be placedon the bars,” Tsk. A Jin large silver letters in semi-circle at top from bar to bar. ©. ©. K. A, in small sil- ver letters to be incircle near center in corners formed by cross bars Fringe to be of bullion. This banner though very effective and appropriate, -50-PI KAPPA ALPHA did not seem to please the fraternity, forat the very next Convention, Knoxville 1892, it was sup- erseded by the following. To be oblong in shape with an extended isosceles triangle trimmed with bullion of old gold. Banner to be of garnet, vel- vet or silk. On center there will be the coat of arms. As the coat of arms mentioned, was that which was done away with at the Richmond Con- vention of 1893, the official banner was also annull- ed at that time, and since then the fraternity has been without a banner, Pennants of various des'gns are widely scattered throughout the fraternity, but none of these are official. Upon application to the Supreme Council, a cer- tificate of membership is furnished to the members of the fraternity, being signed by the Grand Prin- ceps and Grand Secretary of the Fraternity and S. M. C. and S. C. of his chapter. The fraternity had been in existence for nearly twenty-four years before the necessity of an offic- jal yell presented itself, This was a need though ‘eteMANUAL that was growing more and more pressing, so that at the Danville Convention of 1891, a committee was appointed to draw up a suitable yell. With but a few hours to work in, this committee present- ed the following, which was adopted, Rah-ra! Rah-ra! Pi Kappa Alpha! Onward go! Our Motto! Rah-ra-rah! This yell was unfortunately of such construction that it could not be ‘‘yelled;” and it soon became evident that another would have to be substituted So at the Knoxville Convention of 1892, the pres- ent official yell of the fraternity was adopted, Be- side this each chapter hasa local yell of its own. The fraternity yell follows. Wah-rippity-zip, bang, Whoop bang _ hi Hurrah, hooray, Hurrah, Pi, -52-PI KAPPA ALPHA PRINCIPLES.—Although not established as a Sectional order, Pi Kappa Alpha began its growth naturally toward the South, and through a feeling of sentiment at the Hampden Sydney Convention of 1889, its territory was limited to the South, com- prising that part of the United States,south of the Ohio and east,of the Mississippi, Rivers. From that time until now, this territory has been constantly growing larger until the Richmond Convention of 1907, when it was enlarged so as to include all that part of the United States lying west of the Missis- sippi, that part lying east, which is south of the Ohio. At present there .is a strong desire to re- move all restrictions and make it a National Fra- rernity. Such Legislation will be sought at the next Convention of 1909, and in, all likelihood will be obtained. 3 | The policy of the fraternity is a wisely conserva- tive one of expansion or external growth within the bounds of its territory, and an internal strengthen- its chapters, by the building of chapter -53- ing ofMANUAL houses, establishment of scholarships, etc. At the Richmond Convention of 1907, a regular fund for the purpose under the name of the ‘‘Chapter House Fund” was provided for, In this way the General Fraternity renders financial aid to the in- dividual chapter in the building of its home, when the chapter has put up enough to guarantee its good faith. Pi Kappa Alpha does not, nor never has estab- lished or maintained Sub Rosa chapters. This was begun in 1870, when Beta Chapter at Davidson Col- lege, established the precedent, by surrendering its charter, rather than exist in the face of the Oppo- sition of the college authorities. Neither does it ad- mit to membership any man, who is or has ever been a member of any existing secret college frater- nity, no matter in what way his connections with such an organization may have deen severed, At one time in its history, Alpha Chapter initiated a man who had been a member of another order at Hampden Sydney College. But at the time ot his -54-PI KAPPA ALPHA initiation into Pi Kappa Alpha, the order had been extinct, and so this act did not come in conflict with the law. At the Spartanburg Convention of 1900, Iota Chapter requested the permission of the fraternity to initiate into Pi Kappa Alpha, a mem- ber of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity, the charter of this organization having been withdrawn from Hampden Sydney, Asthis however, was a direct violation of the law and tradition of the fraternity, the permission was not granted, and thus more firmly was this policy established, Holding unto itself the right of expulsion, it also recognizes the right of its members to resign, under suitable cause- The fraternity admits no honorary members, but allows itschapters to initiate into full membership, members of the College facutties. The requisites for membership in Pi Kappa Alpha are that the initiate shall be a bona fide white male student or instructor in the institution, where the chapter is located, shall not be a member of any other existing college secret fraternity, shall be over 5b -MANUAL sixteen years of age, believe in one God, and be of good moral character. The fraternity allows its chapters a wide range in regard as to membership in such organizations as Theta Nu Upsilon, Some chapters allow it while others prohibit it, but the general sentiment of the fraternity is opposed to such organizations. It is a characteristic of Pi Kappa Alpha that she has nev- er assumed a rabid position against the antifrater- nity element. On the other hand, she has always acted as a mediator between the two factions, and thus has obtained the good will of both. Where- ever practicable, shc has always lent her aid to the formation and maintenance of Pan Hellenic Coun- cils, and in every way has tried to elevate the stan- dard of the fraternity men in the Colleges where she is represented. The fraternity respects pledges, and under no conditions tries to persuade a man to join, after he is pledged to another fraternity, “Lifting” is of course prohibited. At the present time, there is a strong sentiment among the various 5G:PI KAPPA ALPHA chapters, in opposition to ‘‘horse play” during in- itiations, and at the next Convention, legislation will be sought, to entirely obliterate this obnoxious practice.The Chapters CHAPTER ROLL.- The chapters of the Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity, were from the begin- ning, named after fhe Greek letters in consecutive order. After the alpnabet was compieted, tne ietters a + TA ¢ - has ~h 4 has ever been given to more than onechapter, even e 1 7 if one the chapters was inac 1 th y the L ‘ Co Nyy 2a 1 Coapte.r I 1S Vbere this system is n In use, 1S and the number of initiates. Where a chapter is inactive, the year of its Inactivity is placed in pa- -58-PI KAPPA ALPHA renthesis after the location of the chapter. 1868, Alpha, University of Virginia, Charlottsville. Va. 173 1869, Beta, Davidson College, Davidson, N. C. 78 1871, Gamma, William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va. 81 i821, Delta, Southern University Greensboro, Alabama 33 1873, Epsilon, Virginia A. & M. Col. Blacksburg, Va.(1880) 71 1874, Zeta, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Tenn. Et1 188, Eta, Tulane University, New Orleans, La. 35 1878, Theta, Southwestern Pres. Uni. Clarksville, Tenn. 139 1885, Iota, Hampden-Sydney College, Hamp Jen-Sydney, Va, 97 1888, Kappa, Kentucky University, Lexington, Kentucky. 59 1889, Lambda, S.C. Milit Academy, Charleston, S. G. (1 890) 13 1890, Mu Presbyterian College of S. G. Clinton, S. C. fa 1891, Nu, Wofford College, Spartanburg, S. C. (1906) 82 1891, Xi, S. GC. College, Golumbia S.C. (1897) 28 1891, Omicron, Richmond College, Richmond, Va. 40 1892, Pi, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va. 50 1892, Rho, Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn. 15¢é 1893, Sigma, Vanderbilt University. Nashville Tenn. (1906) 44 1895, Tau, University of N. C., Chapel Hill, N. C. 49 1895, Upsilon, Ala. Polytechnic Institute, Auburn, Ala. 107 1896, Phi, Roanoke College, Salem, Va. 54 -59-MANUAL 1898, Chi, University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn. 50 1900, Psi. W. Georgia Agr. Gollege, Dahlonega, Ga. 84 1901, Omega, Kentucky State College, Lexington, Ky. 46 1901, A-Alpha, Trinity College, Durham, N. CG. 36 1902, A-Beta, Centenary College, Jackson, La. (1904) Az. 1903, A-Gamma, Louisiana State Uni., Baton Rouge, La. 21 1904, A-Delta, Ga. Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga. 26 1904, A-Epsilon, N. C. A. and M. College, Raliegh, N. CG. 29 1904, A-Zeta, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Ark. 430 1904, A-Eta, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 30 1904, A-Theta, W. Va. University, Morgantuwn, W. Va. 39 1905, A-lIota, Millsaps College, Jackson, Miss. 42 1905, A-Kappa, Missouri School of Mines, Rolla, Mo. 28 1906, A-Lambda, Georgetown College, Georgetown, Ky. 22 1908, A-Mu, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 5 Total Membership, 2075 | Alpha, Zeta, Theta, Rho and Upsilon, lead in chapter membership, each having over one hun- dred men. Alpha-Iota has the largest membership of the new chapters, while Alpha-Mu is smallest in point of members, being followed by Lambda and Alpha-Beta, Alpha leads in number of transfers, deaths and expulsions, and ties Theta in number of resignations. “60-PI KAPPA ALPHA By states, Pi Kappa Alpha is proportioned as follows: Virginia seven chapters, Tennessee five, North and South Carolina, four each, Kentucky, Louisiana, and Georgia, three each, Alabama, two, and one each in Arkansas, West Virginia, Mississip- pi, Florida, and Missouri, in all a territory of thir- teen states. Of these, three in South Carolina, and one each in Virginia, Tennessee and Louisiana are now inactive. From a view point of sectarianism, the chapters may be classed as follows; as located in schools of the respective denominations; non sec- tarian, eighteen, Methodist, six, Presbyterian five, Baptist and Episcopal, two each, and Lutheran, Christian and Cumberland Presbyterian one each, of these, three non-sectarian and three Methodist are now inactive, Chapter Houses are occupied by the chapters at Virginia, Davidson, William and Mary, Tulane, North Carolina, Sewanee, West Virginia, and Missouri School of Mines. Of these all are rented save Sewanee’s, while steps are being taken by Virginia, William and Mary and Missouri -6]-MANUAL School of Mines to acquire by purchase their pres- ent homes. Work is now being pushed by Louisiana State on a home which when completed will belong to the Chapter. At the time of her death, Wofford was installed in a rented house. Petitions for chart- ers have been refused by the Supreme Council to the University of Mississippi, Randolph-Macon, Washington University, University of Alabama, University of Maryland, and Emory College. CHAPTER STATISTICS. The following table gives the number of. resig- nations, expulsions, and deaths in each chapter. CHAPTERS RESIGNATIONS EXPULSIONS DEATHS Alpha 5 3 32 Beta O I 6 Gamma O O 8 Delta oO O 5 Epsilon O O 13 Zeta O I 5 Eta O I 6 Theta 5 9Iota Kappa Lambda Mu Nu XI Omicron Pi Rho Sigma Tau Ugsilon Phi Chi Psi Omega A-Alpha A-Beta A-Gamma A-Delta A-Epsilon NO ao 0 4 Oo: oO OO 6G SO Os 67 6 Oo PI KAPPA ALPHA Om O- O02. 0: Wb em NS Care abe 0 5 Clee nd Oo ©: =OMANUAL A-Zeta O O A-Eta O I A-Theta O O A-lota O O A-Kappa O O A-Lamba O O A-Mu O O Total 13 15 Names countedtwice | __ | i 2 iA SUMMARY Total number of initiates Number lost by resignation 12 Number lost by Expulsion 14 Number lost by Death Lt2 Total number lost 138 Names counted twice I Net number of members lost Number of members now living -64- Number of active members March Ist, 1908, ° CO ©. 0 616: 6 12] 112 2075 137 1938 336 Number of alumni members March Ist. 1908, 1602PI KAPPA ALPHA Number of active chapters 30 Number of chapters killed by Anti-Fraternity Laws 4 Number of chapters killed by Death of college 1 Number of chapters killed by Indifference [ Total number of Inactive Chapters 6 Total number of chapters 36Chapter Sketches ALPHA-CHAPTER — An account of the founding and early life of this chapter has already been given. For seven- teen years Alpha prospered, and held a high pos- ition in the social life of the University. Its roll contained the names of the very best men in the College, and many of them have attained promis nence in their after life. In 1876, Robt. M. Hughe- an initiate of Gamma, transferred to Alpha, repre- sented the last named chapter at the Yellow Sul- phur Springs Convention, About 1885, this ban- ner chapter began to wane. This was on account of such trying internal discord, brought about by its undecided stand _ in college politics, or rather its expressed desire to keep out of the literary society muddle, which was at that time shaking the Uni- versity from core to circumference. The chapter however, managed to survive yet a few years, but 62PL KAPPA ALPHA it lead an independent existence, not working at all in union with the other chapters, and thus re- tarding the growth of the fraternity as a whole, as under the then existing system everything was de- dendent upon Alpha, In the fallof 1889, Theron H. Rice, an initiate of Theta chapter, entered the University for a special course in Greek. He had great ideas concerning his ability to awaken Alpha’s enthusiasm and get her to act, thus saving the fra- ternity, but when he arrived on the Campus, and saw the stolid indifference of the men, his hopes vanished. He then realized that as Alpha could not be made to act, the only salvationfor Pi Kappa Al- pha, was a change of government, and this he de- cided todo. To this end, he attempted to have a Convention at Charlottesville, the seat of the Uni- versity, but found that this could not be accom- plished. There was at the University at this time another stalwart brother, J. T. McAllister, an init- iate of Iota, This man, Rice persuaded to get out a small sheet on a hectagraph machine, under the _67-MANUAL title. of “Pi Kappa Alpha Bulletin? This was secret in nature, and only one issue ever appeared but in this Rice issued a call for a Convention at Hampden Sydney, Va. during Christmas week 1889. Rice represented Alpha at this Convention, and through him the fraternity was again set on its feet. Both Rice and McAllister failed to return in the Fall of 1890, and as the political conditions stil] remained the same, the chapter decided to disband and this it did without the slightest taint of dis- honor resting on any of its men. In February, 1891, J. T. McAllister again entered the University Associated. with him was F. M. Magruder, another initiate of Iota. These men were fired to action by the indomitable will of Robt. A. Smythe, of Lambda, who had just issued the first number of the ‘‘Pi Kappa Alpha Journal,” Theygot together and secured two ‘‘goats.”’ Soon the night of Mar. 4th, 1891, in the club rooms of the Beta Theta Pj Fraternity, Alpha was reorganized by D, J. Brimm, Theta; Councillor Princeps, with the following -6a0PI KAPPA ALPHA men; J. T, McAllister and F, M. Magruder of lota and J. G, Maloy and L. D.T. Quinby as initiates. During the next eight years of its life, Alpha exper- ienced quite a variegated career, At no time did it surrender its charter, but on several different oc- casions it was very inactive. At one time the ap- pearance of an undesirable transfer caused a tem- porary suspension of the chapter. At the opening of the session of 1899-1900, after a gigantic effort, Alpha at last swung into line, and from then up tothe present time her career has been a successful one. She holds a high social position inthe University and her men are to found in every phase of the College work. At the open- ing of the session of 1904-05, Alpha rented a chap- ter house, and has occupied these quarters ever since, with a view to purchasing them in the next few years. Through its Alumni Alpha planted Beta Gamma, Epsilon,. Eta, and Theta Chapters. This chapter has had five resignations, P. Hy. ©. Cabell, J. P. Carson, W. W. Daggett, Po KK. Harrison, -69- |MANUAL and Bernard Peyton, and three expulsions, M. F. Maury, P. B. Meyers, and A. N. Towle. BETA CHAPTER.—This chapter was worked up by Dr. A. W. Knox of Raliegh, N. C., the sec- ond initiate of Alpha. At that time there were no fraternities at Davidson College, the Beta Theta Pis established there in 1858 having died with the war. The charter under date-of March Ist., 1869 was issued to Alfred J, Morrison, Philip H, Pitts, Jr., T. B. Bailey, George W. Walton, and W. I. McKay. Of this number Morrison is nowdead. As it was not convenient for a member of Alpha to be pre- sent at the installation, the charter, constitution, ritual, etc. were sent them, they adopted it, and were enrolled as Beta Chapter just twelve months after the founding of the fraternity, Beta had no hall to meet in, and in order to se- cure greater secrecy than could be had when the meetings were held in a room of one of the mem- bers, they obtained a rear room on the second floor, of a large two story brick house on the Main -70-PI KAPPA ALPHA Street of Davidson, about opposite the Presbyter- ian Church. However, Beta was destined toa very short existence. Scarcely had twelve months flown by before the Faculty, opposed to secret fra- ternities, passed a rule prohibiting them, A meet- ing of the chapter was called, and the matter tho- roughly discussed, and it was then and there that one of Pi Kappa Alpha’s characteristic policies was adopted, that of not sustaining Sub Rosa chap- ters. Sothat in the early part of 1870, Beta re- turned its charter, after having given to the frater- nity eleven stalwart sons, some of whom were de- stined to fill prominent positions in after life. Bor twenty-four years Beta slept, and in the mean- while, Faculty opposition had been overcome, and four fraternities had found shelter in old Davidson, No longer was the field an open one, so that on November 30th., 1904, the chapter was revived under the most auspicious conditions. The char ter members of the second Beta were Charles C. Orr, Chas. H. Little, D. Kirby Pope, Jas. C, Story, iteMANUAL and David F, Hunter.. Bro, Robt. A. Smythe, Lambda, Grand Treasurer, installed the chapter. From the time of its re-establishment, this chap- ter has been noticeably strong, taking a prominent part in the social and political life of Davidson. At the opening of the session 1899-1900, only one man returned to take up the work. This was Le. Dunn. After persistent effort, he persuaded J. Wil- son McKay to ride the ‘‘goat’” and these two men succeeded in building up the chapter. Since then this chapter has always been full, returning each year, over ten old men. Chapter houses at David- son are prohibited by the Faculty, the fraternities occupying halls in one of the College buildings pay- ing a rental to the College for same. The college has just completed an artificial lake on the Campus and offered every fraternity in Davidson material for the erection of small club houses on its banks. This offer Beta has accepted, and her meetings are now held in this pretty little home, which is the nearest approach to a chapter house obtainable at aaAf ey UY Pi RAPA ALPHA Davidson, Through the efforts of Beta’s men, the following chapters have been founded, Delta-Tau Alpha-Alpha, Alpha-Epsilon, and Alpha-Zeta. Be- ta chapter has had one expulsion, and that since its re-establishment, viz, J. E, Thompson. GAMMA CHAPTER.—This chapter was estab- blished through the efforts of F. S, Taylor, the founder of the Fraternity, who lived at Norfolk, Here he became acquainted with R. M. Hughes and Zacharius Hofheimer, two young men of Nor- folk, who were students of William and Mary Col- lege, Through them other men in the College were interested in the work, so that just three years after its founding, Pi Kappa Alpha planted her third chapter in this then strong college of Virginia. A charter was granted to R, W. Goode, Zacharius Hofheimer, Robert M. Hughes, R. S. Jones and John T. Wilkins. Of these, Goode and Jones are now deceased, The chapter was installed on the night of February 27th, 1871, and on account of the prominence of its men, sprang into immediate 73.MANUAL activity. From its inception, this chapter was a strong one, and for seven years it upheld without a stain the banner of Pi Kappa Alpha. During this time though, William and Mary was on the wane, its once high standard was greatly lowe:ed, and its usefulness greatly impaired. On this account, naturally the standard of its student body was cor- respondingly lowered, and fraternity material a- mong them was very scarce. In 1878, this decline was so pronounced, that the grand old institution, the birthplace of presidents and statesmen, was forced to close its doors. With its death, Gamma also gave up the ghost, and was numbered among the chapters extinct. Despite the decline of the College previous to its subsequent closing, the stan- dard of Gamma’s men was never lowered, and though small, her chapter roll contained the names of some of our most prominent men of today, The College Opened again in the Fall of 1888 with full force and vigor, and Gamma was not long in also rising from oblivion, It was rechartered under -74-PI KAPPA ALPHA date of Dec. 20th, 1894, with the following charter members; W. H. Arthur, J-G, Campbell, (0 A. Hardy, T. M. Robertson, and W. H, Robertson. This chapter was installed on the night of January 2Ist, 1895. For some unaccountable reason, no initiations were held and as none of the charter members returned in the Fall of 1895, Gam- ma was again listed with the dead. Not for long, however, was this condition of affairs to exist. Through the efforts of C. W. Coleman, Alpha, who lived in Williamsburg, a good crowd of men was worked up inthe College, and on October Ist, 1897 Gamma was for the second time revived. The char- ter was issued to R, R. Clairborne, Reynolds Han- bins, jr, C, BH. Lambert, |; L.. Neweombe Ga i: Stevens, and Chas. N. Williams. Hankins of the third, and Campbell of the second chapter are now deceased, The installation took place at the home ot Bro, Coleman, under the auspices of Bro, Cole- man, Alpha, R. M. Hughes, Floyd Hughes, and Dr, Hankins, Gamma, Ever since its last re-estab- -75-MANUAL lishment, Gamma has flourished, being one of the leading chapters at the College, as wellas one of the strongest of the Fraternity. At the Chatta- nooga Convention of 1905, Gamma reported the losing of her last charter, and asked that one of the former charters be given her in itsstead, The Convention however, decided to issue a duplicate of the last charter, which: was dated Oct, 21st, 1897. This was done on Nov 12th., 1906, and signed by the then Supreme Council,-Hill, Smythe and An- derson. Gamma has established through her men the revived Kappa chapter, Phi, and assisted in the founding of Chiat Swanee. At the opening of the Session. of Ige5-1906, Gamma, which “had previous to that time been holding its meetings in a rear ell room of a residence on Gloucester Street, decided to go into a home of itsown. To this end a house was rented in the town, and since then this has been occupied from year to year by the chapter. Efforts are being made to purchase this aSa permanent home. In 1896 Bro, Robt. M. -76-PI KAPPA ALPHA Hughes, Gamma, founded a scholarship at Will- lam and Mary to be known as the Pi Kappa Alpha Scholarship, which was to be given to the member of Gamma each year who made the highest yearly average. DELTA CHAPTER,—This chapter owed its existence to Bro. P, H. Pitts, Jr., one of the char- ter members of Beta. His home was at Union- town, not far from Greensboro, Ala., the seat of Southern University, Being a very enthusiastic fraternity man, after the forced death of his own chapter, he decided to do his uttermost to raise the standard of Pi Kappa Alpha in his native state. He was acquainted with a young man, George Bradfield by name, who lived at Uniontown and wasa student at Southern University. To him was broached the subject, and he immediately un- dertook the work. Huis efforts were crowned with success, and on June 6th., 1871, Delta was char- tered with the following charter members; George H. Bradford, William B, Murrah, W. R. Lindsay ad ieMANUAL and Alexander Powe. On the same night, ten ot- her men were initiated. Pi Kappa Alpha was the first fraternity to enter Southern University, and it is quite likely that its benefits were not appreciat- ed, as no further initiations were held. Inthe Fall of 1873, none of its men returned, and Delta settled into a long sleep, Although having only fourteen members, this chapter numbers on her roll two college presidents, a late chaplain of Van- derbilt University, and several leading lawyers, and educaters of the South. Six of their number were graduates of Southern University, For thirty-two years, Delta was allowed to remain inactive, when nothing stood in the way of its re-establishment, In the interim, like Beta, three other fraternities had established chapters at Southern, but the field was not yet full. The Chapter owes its second birth to E. V. Otts, an initiate of Zeta Chapter, whose home was in Greensboro. Through him the Sup- reme Council was petitioned for a charter, which was granted to S. E. Scarborough, V. M. Sham- -73-PI KAPPA ALPHA burger, J. T. Wilcoxen, N. G. Commack, jn and G. M. Watson. This chapter was installed on the night of Nov. 20th; 190%, by E. V_ Otts, Ze ands tis EO @tts, and G. iH. Robertson, Upsilon, Delta occupies a hall in one of the business build- ings of the town, which is rented by the year. For- merly, the College authorities furnished the frater- nities with halls in one of the College Buildings, but Delta not being satisfied with the quarters which she would have to occupy, should she accept this offer, decided to rent a hall of her own, Dur- ing the past year, the other local chapters have al- so been forced to adopt this method, as their for- mer meeting places were needed by the College for recitation rooms, EPSILON CHAPTER.—Previous tothe ses- sion of 1873-74 no fraternity had established a chap- ter at the Virginia A, and M, College, now the Vir- ginia Polytechnic Institute, at Blacksburg, Va. In the summer of 1873, however, a young man named E. D. Gallion, who had been in attendance at the -79-MANUAL College for a year or two, decided that this was a good field for fraternity work. In casting about for a suitable order, his attention was directed to Pi Kappa Alpha, the new fraternity, which had just sprung into existence at the University of Vir- ginia, and which was making such a stir in the Col- lege world. After an investigation, which proved satisfactory, he decided to try to obtain a charter from this organization, and forthwith associated with him for this purpose three other young men, who were students in the College. Their petition being favorably received, Alpha issued a char- ter, Nov. 11th, 1873, to E. D. Gallion, Thomas W. Evans, Samuel A. Woolton, and M,. F. Brown, Of these, Woolton and Brown have gone to their eternal reward, Almost immediately this chapter made itself felt for good in the institution. At the beginning it had no rivals, and it easily assumed a lead, which it was impossible to overcome, even after other chapters were established. Nearly, if not all positions of honor and trust, were filled by -20-PI KAPPA ALPHA Epsilon’s men, and in this way it was unfortunate in engendering the ill-will of the anti-fraternity el- ement in the College. It drew its membership from the rural districts, and always had a large chapter. At the Yellow Sulphur Springs Conven- tion of 1876, which was just a few miles from Blacksburg, Epsilon had its whole chapter present as delegates, numbering twenty men. On account of the violent anti-fraternity sentiment manifest in the institution, the Legislature of Virginia pass- ed in 1880, a law prohibiting secret fraternities at the College. This forced Epsilon to surrender her charter, just when she was in the prime of her ex- istence, This chapter has given to the fraternity some foremost business and professional men, The anti-fraternity laws, which caused its death, are still in force, so that Epsilon cannot yet be revived but must be numbered among those chapters ex- tinct. Each year there are in attendance at the V. P. L. from five to ten pi’s from other chapters and these maintain an informal chapter, though of aMANUAL course unable to initiate men or take part in the government of the fraternity. ZETA CHAPTER.—The sixth chapter of the fraternity, found its home in Tennessee, and was located at what was then known as East Tennes- see University at Knoxville. Later its name was changed to that which it now bears, University of Tennessee. A charter was issued to this chapter on March 23rd.,1874, and bore the names of W. H. Cook, W. W, Jones, and J. H. Jones, For some reason, Zeta did not prosper, and none of its men returning in the Fall of 1875, its charter was:sur- rendered. Through the combined efforts of Theta and Iota, this chapter was revived in 1886, with the following charter members, J. R. Campbell D. L. Carmichael, and H. B. Nelson. This chap- ter wasa litttle more active than the first Zeta, and initiated a few more men, but on account of the lax system of government, and the weakened condition of the general Fraternity, but little inter- est was manifested, and in the Fall of 1887, none -82-PI KAPPA ALPHA ofits men returning, Zeta again became inactive. For five years Zeta slept the sleep of inactivity, In the Fall of 1892, W.N. Brisco, an initiate of the Washington and Lee chapter, who lived in Knox- ville, undertook the work of reviving Zeta. After securing three good men, he notified the Supreme Council of his actions, and they voted to re-establish the chapter. Theannual Convention was to meet in December, so it was decided to convene the meet- ing at Knoxville, and thus allow the Convention to revive Zeta, This is the only chapter that has had the distinction of being installed by a Convention, J. R. Campbell, an initiate of the second chapter had in his possession the charter issued to revived Zeta. This, however, through error, was inscrib- ed Kappa’ chapter. The Convention decided to Change this to Zeta chapter, and use the same charter, On the first day of the Convention, De- cember, 27, 1892, the chapter was revived for the second time, by the initiation of E, E, Stone, W. A. Long and J. E, Borches. At first meetings -23-MANUAL were held in the member’s rooms and initiations in the hotels, but later a hall was procured for this purpose, which placed the chapter onan equal footing with the other local chapters. Unlike its predecessors, this chapter imbibed from the start the spirit of progress, and has always been one of the most active on Pi Kappa Alpha’s roll. It quickly assumed a high place among the fra- ternities at Knoxville, and this position it holds up to the present time, being foremost in the social and political life of the College. Zeta furnished Pi Kappa Alpha’s only martyred hero of the Spanish American War, Lieut. H. L. McCorkle, who was skilled in the battle of El Caney, July 1st, 1898. This chapter occupies a rented hall as its meeting place. One of Zeta’s members, who was transferred to Alpha, has been expelled, Paul B. Meyers. ETA CHAPTER.—This chapter owes its exis- tence to the untiring efforts of Dr Henry D. Bruns an early initiate of Alpha, whose home was in New Orleans, and who at the opening of the Med -24-PI KAPPA ALPHA ical Department af the University in the Fall of 1877, was enrolled as astudent, Having derived such material benefits from membership in Alpha he decided to establish a chapter of Pi Kappa Al- pha in the University of Louisiana, To this end he solicited the assistance of two other students in the College, and these three petitioned for a char- ter. The same was granted under date of January 14th, 1878 to Henry Dixon Bruns, Sterling De Vere Kennedy, and James R. Balfour |r. Gi these, Kennedy and Balfour are deceased, The chapter was intalled by Bruns, The institution was then known as the University of Louisiana, and was located on Baronne Street, This chapter secured five initiates, and four other transfers from Alpha, who came to take the medical course, for which this institution has always been noted. Bruns was the life of the chapter, and when he left in 1881, the indifference which had long been manifest, became so great, as to cause the death of Eta, In 1884, the institution having accepted an -85-MANUAL endowment from the estate of the late Mr. Paul Tulane, the name of it was changed to Tulane University of Louisiana, which is generally short- ened to Tulane University. For twenty-two years with no apparent cause, Eia chapter remained in- active. Inthe Fall of 1903, E. F. Koelee. an init- iate of Theta, who lived in New Orleans, under- took to revive Eta, Already there were ten loc- al chapters at Tulane and it looked as though the field must be entirely covered, but at last he dis- covered six men, who were willing to undertake the work. A_ petition from these was acted favorably upon by the Supreme Council and a charter dated September 19th, 1903, issued to D, McLeod Davidson, L. Arny Godbold, Orloff Lake, Sidney Ei. Colonge, john Davidson, Jr., and Orloff Henry. The chapter was instalied on the night of October 3rd., 1903 by E. F. Koeele, theta, Dr J..M. KRoeels, Theta, Rev. |. C. Barr, Theta, Key. George Summey, Beta, and Kev. |. W. Caldwell, Iota. Despite the number of fra- -86-PI KAPPA ALPHA ternities at Tulane, with which the young chapter had to contend, she has come rapidly to the front especially in the athletics of Tulane for the past few years, A law of the Faculty places the mini- mum cost of chapter houses on the campus at $5,000.00. Eta being a young chapter could not undertake the erection of a house under these con- ditions, but through the efforts of the chapter, and aid of the alumni, a very pretty house has been built out in the city, and this the chapter has occupied for the past two sessions. Eta has had one expulsion, that of Andrew C, Querbes, of Shreveport’ Louisiana. THETA CHAPTER:-“In the Fall “of 1976, Charley Mallard, a student at Stewart College, now Southwestern, Presbyterian University, conceived the idea of establishing another Greek letter Fra- ternity in the College. For this purpose, he as- sociated with him two other students, who were willing to undertake the work. At this time there was only one other fraternity represented at the in- -87-MANUAL stitution, and that was Delta Psi. These men had been asked to join this fraternity, but for var- ious reasons had declined doing so. This made them all the more anxious to establish a chapter of their own, for they believed that if conducted properly, fraternity membership would be of great helptoaman, They then:began their search for a fraternity, which they would like to get, and finally decided on Pi Kappa Alpha. Through Lockhart Bemiss, Alpha, a friend of Mallard’s, negotiations were set on foot, which resulted in the issuing of a charter under date of October 2Ist., 1878 to Chas, C. Mallard, Llewellyn Price, and James R. Hower- ton. Like Beta, it was not convenient for a mem- ber of the fraternity to be present to install Theta, so, that charter, ritual, constitution, etc. were sent them, which they accepted and were enrolled as Theta chapter, The first meetings of the chapter were held in Howerton’s room, and the first in- itiate was Prof, W. D. Mooney, Principle of Moon- ey School, Murfreesboro, Tenn. In 1886, Theta -88-PI KAPPA ALPHA sent six delegates to Louisville, Ky., where a con- vention had been called to meet, but as they were the only ones present, the meeting came to no pur- pose. Inthe same year in conjunction with [ota, Theta attempted the publication of the Index, which failed. At the same time, these two chap- ters also revived Zeta Chapter, When the Uni- versity opened in the Fall of 1889, only one man appeared to take up the work of Theta, This was J.S. Foster, who in spite of almost overwhelming difficulties, enlisted the assistance of the two “fraters in urbe’ and before the year was ended, had again placed Theta on a firm foundation. At the Hampden-Sydney Convention of 1889, John S. Foster represented Theta, and contributed large- ly to the upbuilding of the fraternity by the adopt- ion of the new governmental system. During the decline of Alpha from 7885 to 1890, Theta partially exercised the authority of the senior chapter, but under such restrictions, that she was placed ata very great disadvantage, in the management of af- -89-MANUAL fairs, Truly has Theta been the bulwark of Pi Kappa Alpha, She has on her roll, the names of some of the leading ministers of the Presbyterian faithin the South, This chapter has always been strong, assuming a foremost place among the fra- ternities at the S, W. P. U. Her menare always found in places of honor and trust in the College, and on the athletic field. Through her alumni, Theta has established Iota, Nu, Rho, and Sigma Chapters. and assisted in the founding of Mu. The chapter occupies a hall in one of the College buildings, which is nicely located, and apportioned. Theta has had five resignations, as follows: G. D. Martin, G. B, Herring, W. A. Carter, A. J. Me Dowell, and C. L. Altfather. At one time in the recent history of Theta, its ritual was captured by a iaember of a. rival: fra- ternity. This was quickly recovered, however, and through the aid of the other fraternity, all inform- ation gained was suppressed. It hasalso suffered the misfortune of having its treasury robbed of -90-PI KAPPA ALPHA quite a large sum of money, IOTA CHAPTER.—When the Union Theological Seminary opened for the session 1885-86, there was enrolled as one of its students, a young man, Mark Kennedy, by name, an initiate of Theta chap- ter, who had come to the Seminary to prepare for the active work of the ministry. He had imbibed the enthusiasm of Theta, and had come fully in- tending to establish a chapter of Pi Kappa Alpha at Hampden-Sydney College, which was in the same town as the Seminary, and of which the lat- ter was anadjunct. After an initial effort, which proved futile, he succeeded in getting together a fine bunch of fellows, whom he thought worthy of Pi Kappa Alpha. Upon application to Alpha, a char- ter was granted to R. M. Kennedy, R. E. Moore, William C. Buchanan, W. H. Godbey, H.R. Dil- lon, Robert Whittet, Jr. and S. M. Engle. Of these, Moore and Kennedy have passed to rhe great beyond, and Buchanan isa Presbyterian Mission- ary to Japan. The chapter was installed on the -91-MANUAL night of November 14th, 1885, by Bro. Kennedy, in the room occupied as a living apartment by William C, Buchanan. This was located on the third passage, fourth floor, of the north side of old Cushing Hall, and formed Jota’s first chapter hall This chapter has always drawn a portion of its membership from the Union Theological Seminary which, until a few years ago, was situated at Hampden-Sydney, and was, as has been said, an adjunct of the College. It has since been remov- ed to Richmond, In the term of 1886-87, Iota was forced to give up her old room as a meeting place. Forsome time, they were without a home but at last Buchanan, who had moved his quarters offered his room as a meeting place. This was ac- cepted, and remained the Chapter hall until the present Chapter room was rented from the College, This was located on the fourth passage, fourth floor, south side of same building, and was a cor- ner room, It was here that the Hampden-Sydney Convention of 1889 was held. To the Convention -92-PI KAPPA ALPHA which was called to meet in Louisville in 1886, Iota sent two men, but a misunderstanding as to the time of the meeting, caused them to get to Louisville several days late, after Theta’s dele- gates had left, so the Convention came to naught In the same year, Iota assisted Theta in an effort to publish an Index, but this also failed, Through Dillon and Engle, initiates of Iota, Kappa Chapter was established in 1888 at the Kentucky A. and M. College, to settle into rest the following year. The same year saw the beginning of the work, which later resulted in Lambda Chapter, through Engle, also. At the same time the unsuccecsful attempt to establish a Pennsylvania chapter was started. In 1889, Iota entertained the Fourth Convention of the fraternity, and through her men, a new con- stitution, and system of government was inaugur- ated. Ever since her establishment, this chapter has been strong, being one of the few older chap- ters which has maintained a continuous existence, With Theta, Iota her first born, has always been a -93-MANUAL shining light in the firmament of Pi Kappa Alpha. No duty have they shirked, and to these two alone is due the fraternity’s high stand in the Grecian world today, if not its very existence. Iota quick- ly assumed a leading place among the fraternities of Hampden-Sydney and has maintained it to this time. With few exceptions, her yearly chapter roll has always been full, and though her roll is not a large one, this is due to the fact that nearly all her men were ‘‘degree’ men, and remained in College for four years or more, thus rendering has- ty and indiscriminate ‘‘rushing’’ unnecessary, At Hampden-Sydney, Iota has been termed the ‘‘preacher” fraternity, thirty per cent of its mem- bers being engaged in the active work of the min- istry. Iota has established Kappa and Lambda Chapters, and assisted in the installation of sever- al others. The faculty has prohibited the building or owning of Chapter houses by the fraternities, so Iota occupies a hall in the college building, which it rents from the authorities, The chapter has -94-PI KAPPA ALPHA had two resignations, Frank Hunt Mann and C.L. Altfather, who transferred from Theta, KAPPA CHAPTER.—During the Summer of 1888, H. R. Dillon, an initiate of Iota, who now lived in Lexington, Ky., was prevailed upon by his chapter to try to install a chapter of Pi Kappa Al- pha at the Kentucky A, and M. College, at Lex- ington. This, at last he undertook to do, and se- cured three men to whom a charter was issued in the Fall of 1888. These were R T. Anderson, Jr., Joseph C, Hearne, and R. B. Walker. Dillon was assisted in the installation by S. M. Engle, anoth- er initiate of Iota. This chapter was _ indiffer- ent from the start, gained but one initiate, and on- ly one returning at the opening of the session of 1889-90, he decided to give up the fight, and thus the charter was surrendered. Beside the Kentucky A. and M. College, now the Kentucky State Col- lege, where our Omega chapter now holds sway, there is located in Lexington, another institution of higher education called the Kentucky University, _95-MANUAL This is a denominational school of the Christian faith, and is not a state institution. By anact of the Rennes Legislature of 1865, the Kentucky A. and M. College was created, and made a part of the Kentucky University. This connection, how- ever was severed by the Legislation of 1878, and the A. and M. College started its career as a separ- ate institution, When the Theological depart- ment of Kentucky University was opened in the Fall of 1900, there was enrolled as one of its stu- dents, Chas. N. Williams, an initiate of Gamma. This man had come to the College to pursuea course in Theology, and to establish a chapter of Pi Kappa Alpha. To the latter end, he secured a crowd of young men, and petitioned the Supreme Council for a charter, and this was issued to Chas. N. Williams, David Crabtree, William A. Fite, Frank W. Sumner, Walter P. Jennings, George W. Hildebrante, Wilbur R. Winters, and Homer W. Carpenter. Hildebrante is now President of Bellevue College, Although this was the first -96-PI KAPPA ALPHA chapter that Pi Kappa Alpha had ever planted in Kentucky University, yet the chapter was charter- ed as Kappa, being a revival of the old chapter at the Kentucky A. and M. College. This was very probably due to an erroneous impression that at the time of the establishment of the first Kappa, the A. and M. College was a department of Ken- tucky University. The second chapter was instal- led on the night of November 12th. 1900, by Bros. Williams, and L. A. Girard, the latter an initiate of Chi chapter, wholived in Lexington, at the home of Mrs. Thompson on Maxwell Street, In the fra- ternity life of Kentucky University, there are very few active chapters, so that Kappa has but little rivalry, On her roll may be found the leaders in every phase of college life, and some prominent men of Kentucky. Kappa has established Omega, and in conjunction with the latter, Alpha-Lambda chapters. Kappa and Omega chapters, being in the same city, rent conjointly as a chapter hall, very pretty compartments, in the heart of Lexing- -97-MANUAL ton; Kappa has had one expulsion, David Stan- ford Bromly. LAMBDA CHAPTER.—In the Summer of 1888 there was conducted at Northfield, Mass., the home of Mr. Moody, the evangelist, a Summer school for Bible Students. There were represent- atives at this meeting from all over the world, A- merica, Europe, and even Asia was represented, but there were very ‘few Southern Colleges who had delegates present, in fact three institutions, Ran- dolph Macon College, Hampden-Sydney College, and the South Carolina Military Academy were the only Southern schools represented. Naturally in this cosmopolitan assembly, the few men from ‘‘Dix- ie’’ were drawn together by the inexplainable ties of Southern Kinship. Two of Hampden-Sydney’s delegation were members of Pi Kappa Alpha, E. M. Craig, and S. M. Engle, These men, antic- ipating quite a large delegation from Southern Col- leges, had come to this meeting with the avowed purpose of planting seed, which would later result -98-Pi KAPPA ALPHA in new chapters for their beloved fraternity. Nat- urally they were indeed disappointed at seeing so few men from their section of the country, but they decided to make the best of it, and went to work witha vim, They first broached the subject to the delegates from Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., who eagerly accepted the chance, and under- took the work at once. How this chapter was worked up, and then failed of formation, on account of the weakened condition of the fraternity has al- ready been told. Among the Southern delegates was a young man, Walter M. Smith, from the South Carolina Military Academy. This fellow was of prepossessing appearance, and withal was a most exemplaryman. Noting the prominent place this man was taking in affairs, Engle and Craig decided that he was aman worthy of the ‘‘Shield and Diamond,” and placed before him the pro- position of establishing achapter of Pi Kappa Alpha in the ‘‘Citadel”, asthe Academy was popularly called. Not being a fraternity man, but recogniz- -99.ST. MANUAL ing the benefits accruing from membership therein, he undertook the work, After entering school a- gain in October, Smith enlisted the services of four other students in the undertaking, and so notified Iota. After a long delay, the charter was issued by Alpha, January 24th. 1889 to Walter M. Smith G. J. Epps; Robert A. Smythe, Fingal C. Black, and A. S. Manning. This was the last charter ever issued under the senior chapter system. Lambda was inStalled on Monday night, February rith., 1889, at the home of Bro. Smythe, who lived in Charleston, and kindly tendered the chapter the use of one of the rooms in his father’s residence This remained the chapter’s home throughout its short life. No older member of the fraternity was present at the installation so the chapter proceeded to install and organize itself. It soon got in work- ing order, and was recognized as a power among the local chapters at the ‘‘Citadel.’’ However, fate was against it, and its existence was cut short in a little more than twelve months after its birth, -100-PI KAPPA ALPHA In the early part of 1890, the Board of Visitors passed a law prohibiting secret fraternities at the - ‘‘Citadel,’”» and bound students under oath not to join or affiliate with them; so that at the close of the session of 1889-90, rather than pursue underhand methods in maintaining the chapter, Lambda sur- rendered her charter and assumed her place among the silent chapters, These anti-fraternity regulat- ions still hold, so as yet Lambda cannot be revived, For some years, after surrendering her charter, while her men yet remained in College, an infor- mal chapter existed, though no meetings were held, At the end of the third year, however, no men re- turned, and Lambda was dead indeed. Though short-lived, Pi Kappa Alpha owes Lambda a debt which never can be paid, for it was through her that Robt. A Smythe was given to the fraternity, and through his efforts only was permanence at last assured to our beloved order. Lambda ex- pelled one man, Edward Merriman Coleman. Lamb- da established Nu and Xi chapters. -101-MANUAL MU CHAPTER.—This chapter was brought a- bout through the efforts of D. Asa Blackburn, Theta, a student at the Theological Seminary at Columbia. A charter was applied for, and granted under date of December gth. 1890, to William S. Jacobs, D. M. Fulton and S. G. Hardin, At the time of the formation of this chapter, Jacobs was also a student at the Columbia Theological Sem- inary, having graduated in Juné, 1890 trom the South Carolina Presbyterian College at Clinton. Whenat Columbia, he met Blackburn, who was anxious to es- tablish a chapter of Pi Kappa Alpha in some reput- able College of South Carolina, Jacobs had sev- eral friends at the Presbyterian College, whom he was sure would make good fraternity men, and this information he conveyed to Blackburn, who then took up the matter in earnest. Jacobs secur- ed. the consent of the other two charter members mentioned to undertake the work, and the charter was granted. Jacobs and Bro, Blackburn went down to Clinton soon after and installed the chap- -102-PI KAPPA ALPHA ter, Since its installation, Mu has hada continuous existence and has given to the South some of the leading ministers of the Presbyterian faith. It has labored under the difficulty of being situated in a small institution supported by the Synod of South Carolina, In matters of finance, it has been there- fore, a little weak, but as to the merit and standing of its men, it is the peer of any of its sister chap- ters. At one time, Mu drew a portion of its mem- bership from the Thornwell Orphanage, an insti- tution run in connection with the College. The chapter occupies a hall in the College building, which is given them by the authorities, This has been nicely furnished, and formsa pleasant meet- ing place, NU CHAPTER.—This chapter was established at Wofford College, through the efforts of Grand Treasurer, Bro. Robt. A. Smythe, Lambda. As early as April 1890, Bro, Smythe wrote to Clarence Spann a student at Wofford, with whom he was acquaint- ed, with a view of getting him to establish a chap- -103-MANUAL ter there. After looking over the field, Spann de- cided that he could find only four eligible men, whom he deemed fit for membership in Pi Kappa Alpha, so he gave up the project until the following session. Upon returning to school in the Fall, he got to work, and slowly but surely, gathered to- gether nine other good men, seven of whom were in the Freshman Class, After the mid-term exam- inations in February, these men petitioned for a charter, which was granted under date of February Bard, 1801, to |. ©. Spann, ]. Bo Holly, -P, PR. Be: thea, W. L. Banks, W. M, Alexander, P. H, Ed- wards, J. M. Giles, J. J. McEachern, O, H. Cobb, and W. L. Duncan. Thechapter was installed on Saturday night,. March 7, 1891, in the Masonic Hall of Spartanburg, by Robt. A. Symthe, Lam- bda, Shortly after their installation, the chapter procured a large and nicely furnished hall on Main Street, as a chapter hall. For fifteen years, Nu enjoyed a prosperous career, having taken a fore- most position among the local chapters at Spartans- -104-PI KAPPA ALPHA burg, Her men were always found among the lead- ers in College life, and she was a chapter of which Pi Kappa Alpha was justly proud. About 1901, however, a very strong anti-fraternity sentiment had began to make itself manifest at Wofford. This sentiment had been in existence for quite a- while, but previous to this time it had not asserted itself. This anti-fraternity feeling had its effect on the College authorities, and it was expected each year would be the last with the Greeks of Spartans- burg, At last, during Commencement 1906, the expected happened and the Board of Trustees de- creed that after the morning of September 20th, 1906, no fraternity at Wofford should initiate any student into its bonds, This meant subsequent death, so Nu surrendered her charter. Down with it went chapters of Chi Phi, Chi Psi, Kappa Alpha, Kappa Sigma, and Sigma Alpha Epsilon, Up to 1898, Nu occupied her old hall on Main Street, but in that year, they had built on the Campus, and rented from the College, a pretty two -105-MANUAL Story chapter house, which they occupied at the time of the surrender of their charter, Nu has ex- pelled one man, Mr, Ellerbee, the first man initiat- ed by the charter members. XI CHAPTER.—In the Summer of LSO1, Pi Kappa Alpha began taking steps toward the loca- tion of a chapter at the South Carolina College, Columbia, S.C. At this time W. W. Stewart, an initiate of Lambda, wrote to and visited Thos. F. Brantley, then a student at the College, witha view of getting him to undertake the work of found- ing the chapter. E, F, Strother, another student, was seen to the same end, Upon their return to College in September, these two men discussed the matter with D. J, Brimm, Theta, who was at that time a professor at the Columbia Theological Sem- inary. After much thought, they decided to under- take the matter, and enlisted with them in the work, three other students of the College. A char- ter was applied for by Thomas F. Brantley, Ed- win F, Strother, Jenkins M. Pope, Eugene C., -106-PI KAPPA ALPHA Bacot, and H, B, Wilkinson. This was granted under date of Oct. 22nd., 1891. At this time Pi Kappa Alpha was well represented at the Seminary having beside Brimm, of the Faculty, the following students, D. A. Blackburn and R. O, Fluin, Theta, and W. S. Jacobs, Mu, It was but natural there- fore that the installation of the chapter should take place in their midst. The Library of the in- stitution was secured for the purpose, and on the night of October 30th, 1891, the above named brothers, together with Rev. G. A. Blackburn, Theta, and J. D. Lowrance, Alpha, both of whom lived in Columbia, installed Xi chapter of Pi Kap- pa Alpha, - A chapter hall in ‘“‘Eagle’s Nest” above the chapel was secured and fitted up, This served as Xi’s home, during the whole of her brief life, Like Iota, Xi drew a portion of her membership from the Theological Seminary, which was situated in Columbia, This chapter forged immediately to the front in the social and political life of the Col- lege, and in this incited quite a feeling of jealousy -107-MANUAL onthe part of the older local chapters, which it took several years to overcome. On account of the high class of its men, Xiat one time bid fair to become the banner chapter of the fraternity, but the institution in which it was located deteriorated greatly. The hand of Fate seemed raised against the Greeks of South Carolina. The anti-fraternity sentiment, which had been gaining ground each year, culminated in February 1897, when the State Leglislature passed a bill prohibiting the existence of fraternities in any of the State Institutions after July ist, 1897. The last Pan Hellenic banquet was held in Clark’s Hall, Tuesday night, June 29th., and on the morrow the fraternities surrend- ered their charters, sc when the sun rose on July Ist, 1897, Greek life in the South Carolina College was a thing of the past. Beside Pi Kappa Alpha, chapters of Chi Psi, Kappa Alpha, Alpha Tau Omega, Kappa Sigma, Sigma Nu, Chi Phi, and Sigma Al- pha Epsilon gave up the fight, and may it be said to their credit and honor, not a single case of sub -108-PI KAPPA ALPHA rosa existence has since been known. For the next three years, a number of Pi’s men returned to the College, and these maintained an informal chap- ter, but the number gradually diminished, and in a short while not a vestige of this noble chapter re- mained, The anti-fraternity legislation is still in force, and though there is some talk of its repeal, the standard of the College has fallen to such an extent, that even should the bill be repealed, there is much doubt as to the advisability of the frater- nity again entering the institution, OMICRON CHAPTER.—This chapter, the third that was established in 1891, was worked up by the Richmond Alumni during the Summer of that year, When the College opened in the Fall, three of its students were pledged to Pi Kappa Alpha, and these forthwith presented a petition for a charter, which was granted October 23rd, 1891, to the fol- lowing students of Richmond College; Marion L. Dawson, C. A. Boyce, and Malcomb Carrington. The installation of the chapter was not long delay- -109-oh MANUAL ed, and on the night of October 25th, Robt. E. Moore, an active member of Iota, together with Os- car Swimford, and Robt. Whittet, alumni of Iota, and P, H. C. Cabell, Alpha, all of whom resided in Richmond, initiated the three charter members in- to Pi Kappa Alpha. Associated with these active members were several of the Richmond Alumni, whose interest in their fraternity was yet alive. This chapter failed to secure a meeting place, and their meetings were held in the various rooms of its members, Throughout the remainder of the ses- sion, no additions were made, and Commence- ment found Omicron with only its original men, Dawson graduated in. June, and Carrington went north to attend school, so when ‘ie Fall term of Richmond College opened, Boyce was the only man left to uphold Pi Kappa Alpha’s banner. To assist him he:had the Richmond Alumni, but they of course could not take part in the active rushing of men andin this all important work, he was by himself, In the face of the weakness of Omicron, and the -110-PI KAPPA ALPHA Strength of her more firmly entrenched rivals, Boyce could do but little, and soon gave up the struggle. At the Knoxville Convention of 1892, an effort to arouse Omicron was made. Bro, E. P. Cox, Alpha, who lived in Richmond, was asked to assist Boyce in putting the chapter on its feet, A notice was also sent the Chapter, giving it two months in which to increase its roll, under penalty of withdrawal of its charter, were this not accom- plished. To no avail however, These efforts were profitless, and in March 1893, the charter was withdrawn. In the Summer of 1901, F. S. McCandlish, Gamma, who lived in Richmond, de- cided to exert his energies toward the revival of Om- icron. Having visited the field, he succeeded in securing the assistance of five students at the Col- lege, who were anxious to incorporate themselves into a fraternity, Having applied for a charter, the same was granted. October 12th, 1901 to Paul P. Woodfin, Walter G. Tyler, Chas. L. Collier, Francis A. Collier, Harvey S. Gill, and F.S -111-MANUAL McCandlish, The installation of the chapter took place on the same night, in the Law Offices of E. P. Cox, Alpha, on Main Street, and was conducted by the Richmond Alumni, and Gamma Chapter, who furnished regalia, etc. for the occasion, Be- side the six initiates, there were twelve Pi’s present, and after the initiatory ceremony, these repaired to the Westmoreland Club, where a magnificent ban- quet had been provided by alumnus Alpha. Though the life of the second Omicron has been too short for any marked result, yet she has easily shown that in her, Pi Kappa Alpha has a worthy repre- sentative in Richmond College. She stands well with the local chapters, and is fast making a name for herself as to scholarship, as well as on the ath- letic field. Omicron occupies a hall in one of the College buildings, furnished them by the Faculty. This has been tastefully fitted up, and is by far, the prettiest hall on the Campus, PI CHAPTER.—Douring the session of 1891-92, there was in attendance at the Washington and -112-PI KAPPA ALPHA Lee University, a young man from Norfolk, C.©. Price by name, who was an acquaintance of Dr, J. T. Francis, Epsilon. Dr, Francis recommended this young man highly to the Supreme Council, as being a man worthy to trust with the formation of a chapter of the fraternity. The Grand Secretary, J. T. McAllister also knew a man at the University Frank Hopkins, whom he held in highesteem. A correspondence was held with these men, which re- sulted in their eliciting the aid of two other students and petitioning for a charter, After some delay, this was granted on February 4th. 1892, and Al- pha chapter was instructed to send a delegation ov- er to install the chapter. This was delayed how- ever, on account of the pending examinations at the University of Virginia, so that it was not until the night of March sth. that the charter Members of Pi were introduced to the ‘‘goat”. These men wete C. C. Price, Frank Hopkins, John C. Dillon, and L. P. Dillon, The installation took place in one of the hotels of Lexington, and was conducted -113-MANUAL by .Messrs. Cox, Malloy, Snowden and Kelley, all of Alpha. Soon after its founding, Pi chapter in- itiated a man, W. F, Keith, a student at Virginia Military Academy which is also located in Lexing- ton. Though fraternities were prohibited at the V. M. I. the other chapters at Wachineven and Lee had been making a practise of initiating students from that institution, and on the part of the author- ities there was no expressed opposition to this meth- od of proceedure, But the matter was brought up in the Konxville Convention of 1892, and on ac- count of the violent opposition of some of the del- egates to this action, which they construed to be a violation of the antisub rosa policy of Pi Kappa Alpha, the Convention without taking positive ac- tion, advised Pi not to draw any more initiates fromthe Vi Modi: At the Richmond Convention of 1893, Pi again brought the matter up for discus- sion, and after a long debate, the following resolu- tion was adopted: That Pi be allowed to pledge V. M. I. students, and initiate them after the Vo. -114-PI KAPPA ALPHA session was over, and thus not break the rule of the Institute, which provides that no cadet may join or attend any meetings of a secret society during the session of V. M. I. In this way Pi has drawn sev- eral of her membership from this institution in the past. She has the honor of having on her roll, the name of A. B. Taylor, the son of the founder of the fraternity. F.S. Taylor, -who joined the chapter whena student at V.M. I. In the Fal, of 1897, only two of Pi’s men returned and these failed on account of the weakness of the chapter to’ make any additions and as they graduated in June 1898, the chapter died the following fall from failure of its mento return. Through the efforts of W. N. Brisco, Pi chapter was revived in the Fall of r901. Brisco had a friend attending Wash- ington and Lee, whom he recommended to the Supreme Council as being a man worthy to take up the revival of the chapter. After a lengthy corres- pondence, this man, J. Graham Sale, undertook the work and interested three other students in the -1I5-MANUAL project. A petition was favorably considered and the charter was issued under date of October 14th to J. Graham Sale. A. Eugene Larrick, Thomas C, Wilson, and J. Lawrence Wysor. On the night of October 15th. 1901, the Deputy Grand Treasurer H. M. McAllister, Iota, installed the chapter in the law offices of Hon William A, Anderson. This chapter won a name for herself at Washington and Lee for her extreme conservatism, and though this caused her to struggle along for a few years with a very small chapter roll, yet it gave hera pres- tige in the institution that today has made her one of the two leading chapters in Lexington, Prey- ious to the re-establishment of Pi, a constitutional] enactment had been made, which required that the initiates should be bona fide students or in- structors in the institution where the chapter was lo- cated. This prevented the initiation of Pj of the V. M. I. boys, asit had done in the past, At the Rich- Convention of 1907, the chapter asked that the censtitution be so changed that she could initiate -116-PI KAPPA ALPHA these men as did the other chapters at Washington and Lee, This, however, was refused. The first chapter occupied a hall rented in the city, and when the second chapter was installed they rented the hall formerly occupied by the Sigma Alpha Ep- silon Fraternity, and purchased their furniture. This was made into very handsome apartments, and was occupied until the session of 1905-06, dur- ing which year, the chapter rented a chapter house This plan was not feasible, however, so that house was givenup inthe Fall of 1906, and since then Pi has occupieda rented hall inthe city, asa meet- ing place. Though this has been made very com- fortable, it by no means fills the conditions, and plans are now on foot, looking to the building ofa permanent home. Through W. N. Brisco, of Knoxville, Pi revived Zeta chapter and another of her sons, W. G. Riddick, established Alpha Ka- pa at Rolla, Mo. RHO CHAPTER. Inthe latter part of the ses- sion of 1891-92, Theta chapter took steps to the -117-MANUAL formation of a chapter of the fraternity at Cumber- land University, being led to that action by the fact that one of their men, F. E, Maddox, had a brother as a student in Cumberland. By direction of his chapter, Maddox wrote to his brother, and placed the project before him. After a lengthy cor- respondence, a favorable reply was received, and three men beside Maddox were enlisted in the work. These immediately petitioned for a charter, being strongly represented by Theta. It was now late in the year, and before an action could be taken by the Grand Council on the petition, all the men would have left for their homes. In view of this fact, Theta chapter, who thougt it best to secure these men during the present session, sent F. E. Maddox and E. F. Koeele over to Cumberland, with instructions to initiate the four petitioners as members of Theta. This was done in May 1892. One of the petitioners had already left, but the other three were there and were duly initiated, During the summer a charter was granted to A, S. -118-PI KAPPA ALPHA Maddox, W. M, Crawford, W. J. King, and G. H. Hogan. The first three were those initiated in May by Theta. When Cumberland opened in October, all four returned, and immediately set about get- ting recruits to the cause. The chapter was for- mally installed on Friday night October 21st. 1892 when Theta sent C. S. Shelf and Robert Hill-over to initiate the fourth charter member, and further instruct the men in the inside workings of the fra- ternity, The installation meeting was held in the Eurethrelian Literary Society Hall, and besides Hogan, fonr other men were introduced to Pi Kap- pa Alpha. In 1897, this chapter produced a book- let under the title of tne ‘‘Rho Messenger.” This was in the nature of a chapter catalogue, and was intended to appear annually, but the second issue never came out, From the time of its inception, Rho has had an uninterrupted career and has in- deed been a star in the firmament of Pi Kappa Al- pha. It has been very ageressive, and in point of numbers, boasts a chapter roll second only to that -119-MANUAL of Alpha. She quickly outstripped the other local chapters at Cumberland, and has ever since attain- ed this lead in every phase of college life, espec- lally in athletics, having given to Cumberland, and even to the South, a large number of stars of the diamond and gridiron, Rho occupies a suite of rooms in one of the halls on the Campus, which they rent from the College. SIGMA CHAPTER.-In May 1892, when Mad- dox and Koeele of Theta, went to Lebanon to in- itiate the charter members of Rho, they stopped off in Nashville, and investigated the possibility of establishing a chapter at Vanderbilt University. Upon this occasion they secured the promise of co- operation in the work from M. M. Jones and J. K, P, Blackburn, both of whom had kinsmen in the fraternity, The work dragged, however, with no apparent degree of success, and even though a char- ter was granted to establish this chapter in the Fall of 1892, it was never installed, and the charter was cancelled; so when J. S. Foster, Theta, was in -120-PI KAPPA ALPHA Nashville in the Spring of 1893, he again investi- gated the conditions, and talked over the matter with Jones and another student named Geo, W. Williamson In the Fall of 1893, Bro. E, E. Stone Zeta, entered the Medical Department of the Uni- versity of Tennessee, which is located in Nashville, Knowing of Theta’s efforts to establish a chapter of Pi Kappa Alpha in Vanderbilt, he decided to use his every effort in the consummation of the work. To this end, he looked up Jones, Blackburn and Williamson, to whom he knew the matter had been broached before. He found that of these, Jones and Williamson were in school, the other having failed to return upon the opening of the University. This howevér, did not discourage him, and togeth- er these three set to work to secure all the avail- able material in sight, After pledging two other students to assist in the work, a petition for a char- ter was presented. This was granted under date of September 23rd, 1893 to Max Miller Jones, George W. Williamson, Thos. Henry Peebles and -121-MANUAL James M. Bryson. Of these Bryson met his death by drowning several years ago, It might be added that Blackburn, who was first spoken of in con- junction with Jones, concerning the establishment of the chapter, returned to College several years later, and was then initiated by Sigma chapter. The chapter was installed by E. E. Stone and H: B. Arbuckle, then Councillor Princeps, This chap- ter was very prosperous and gave promise of a long and successful life, but when the University opened in the Fall of 1895, none of Sigma’s men returned to take up the fight, and the chapter subsided into peace. When Vanderbilt opened for the Fall term of 1896, there were three Pi’s enrolled as stud- ents. These, however, were matriculated in the different departments, and saw very little of each other. Then too in the face of such intense oppo- sition from the other strongly intrenched local chapters at the University, it seemed hardly pract- icable to revive Sigma, especially with only three men. However, the matter was discussed, and two -122-PI KAPPA ALPHA of Sigma’s alumni in the city were found, who were anxious that their old chapter should again be num- bered among the active forces of Pi Kappa Alpha. To this end, they expressed themselves as being perfectly willing to take an active part in the work of the chapter, and promote in every way its wel- fare. With the impetus given by the promises, the three men in college decided to once more take up the work of active membership, With the assist- tance of Robt. Hill, Theta, the Grand Secretary, who at that time lived in Nashville, Sigma was re- established on April 3rd. 1897, with the following men as its reorganizers; G, W. Sypert, Theta. be G, Ijams, Zeta, J. H. Brown, Sigma, G. E. Mc aurine, Siema, and J. HH, Beebles, Sisina. - Of these, Ijams and McLaurine were the ‘‘fraters in urbe”. The Supreme Council applied too fora charter in March, but instead of granting a new one, the original issued in 1893, was returned to the re-organizers, In 1898, Sigma had composed and dedicated to the fraternity, a beautiful two- -123-MANUAL Step, entitled, the ‘Pi Kappa Alpha March” by H. Bellstedt Jr. the prominent band leader and compos- er. During the next nine years Sigma’s life was very fitful, At onetime she had the bannerchapter of the University, but on account of not having a perma- nent home, her stability was notassured. All of the otherlocal chapters on the Campus cccupied chapter houses, either rentedor owned, andas Sigma, being young, could not afford to build ahome of its own, the comparison worked greatly against her, For the last few years of her life she struggled along with a mere handful of men, preferring death by extinction rather than lower the standard of Pi Kappa Alpha. Upon the opening of the University in 1906, only one man returned, and in the face of so many ob- stacles, he decided to give up the fieht, and return- ed for the second time Sigma’s charter, so once a- gain was this noble chapter numbered among ‘‘our dead,” During her few years of existence, Sigma rented a hall in one ofthe College buildings from the authorities, and this was fitted up so as to form -124-PI KAPPA ALPHA a very pleasant meeting place but in no way could this compensate for a chapter house. Sigma has expelled two men, John B. Wilkes, and B, F. Steed. TAU CHAPTER.- A charter to Tau Chapter at Austin College, Austin, Texas, was granted in 1892, but for some reason the chapter was never installed and the charter was withdrawn, The for- mation of this chapter at the University of North Carolina, was due tothe efforts of the Pi’s of: North Carolina, and especially to Beta Chapter, which had but recently been re-established at Davidson. The latter directed the attention of acrowd of peti- tioners at the University of NorthCorolina to Pi Kap- pa Alpha. After some little delay, the Grand Council received an application from these petitioners and on February 11th. 1895, acharter was granted to John F. Nooe, J. B. Wilkinson, Joseph S. Wray, ClaudG. Winstead, and Paul R. McFadyen. A few days later the chapter was installed, under veryauspicious con- ditions, At this time however, there were eleven oth- -126-MANUAL ’ and of course an in- er local chapters at the ‘‘Hill,’ tense rivalry existed between the different chapters. This, on account of the youth of Tau, placed her at a very great disadvantage. In the course of two years, only five men were added to her roll, and when the College session of 1897-98 opened, only two of her members, Carver and Suttle returned. Under the ve- ry adverse conditions, these two decided not to enter the fight for new men, and thus Tau settled into a period of inactivity. Through the efforts of Jas. C. Storey, Beta, the chapter was re-organized under its second charter. This work was indeed a giant undertaking. when itis born in mind that the same conditions which caused the suspension of the chap- ter were still in full force, and although efforts for its reorganization were begun in May 1808, their successful culmination was not reached until January 1899. After an heroic effort, Storey suc- ceeded in working up a crowd of seven sons of the ‘‘Old North State,”” who were pursuing their course of study in the University. Just at this time, Mc- Fadyen, a charter member of Tau, returned to take -126-PI KAPPA ALPHA a course in medicine. These eight, then petitioned for a charter, which was issued to P. R. McFadyen, Thomas W. Kendrick, J. A. Suttle, John R. Pad- dison, John E. Houston; Kk. L: Eskridge, @3 -Ic; Miller, and F. S. Wray: The latter was a_ brother of J. S. Wray, a charter member of the first chap- ter, and through him the work of the selection of men was accomplished, The chapter was installed by D. K. Pope, Beta, and P. R. MceBadyen, Tau, on the night of January 28th. 1899, in the K. of P. Hall of Durham, the men driving over from Chapel Hill, the seat of the University, for the purpose. Up to June 1900, the chapter made only one addi- tion, and when the University opened in the fall, this man, G. B, Justin, was the only one to return. He was joined by C. C, and N. A. Orr, transfers from Beta, and these three men at onceset to work for Pi Kappa Alpha, by renting a hall and initiating a candidate. From this time dates Tau’s upbuilding. The chapter was very conservative, and asa result their rolls at first were small, but in the last eight -127-MANUAL years, she has constantly improved, until today with an active roll of twelve men, she holds an as- sured position among the Greeks of North Carolina, Up to the session of 1907-08, Tau occupied a_ hall in one of the buildings rented from the College. With the beginning of that session, however, they leased a chapter house, in which they are now lo- cated, and which they mean to buy upon the ex- piration of their lease. UPSILON CHAPTER.,- During the year 1895, the Assistant Librarian, of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, was L. W. Payne, Jr. This man wasan intimate friend and acquaintance of W. D. Hollingsworth, an initiate of Theta chapter, When the latter heard of Payne’s connection with the Institute, he wrote him concerning the form- ation of a chapter of Pi Kappa Alpha there, After a thorough consideration of the matter, Payne under- took to carry out the plan of founding the chapter. To this end he associated with him, four other students, and forthwith petitioned for a charter, -128-PI KAPPA ALPHA On the high recommendation of Hollingsworth, this was granted to L. W. Payne, Jr., W.-L. Flem- nig, E. G. Abbott, J. L. Pollard, and PP. iM. wc Intire. The installation took place on the night of April 5th, 1895, in a room of the main College building, now set apart for the young lady students, and was organized by Dr. H. B. Arbuckle, Iota, who was at that time living at Tallahassie, Fla. After Rho, this chapter has been the most aggres- sive on the fraternity’s roll, Her yearly chapters have always been strong and of late years, she has lead the fraternity in the number of old men re- turned each year, She has assumed a foremost po- sition among the Greeks of Auburn, and is quite a factor in the life of the College. Through her alumni, Upsilon has ushered into the fraternity, Psi-Chapter and was the moving force, which brought about the re-organization of Delta, None of the fraternities at Auburn own chapter houses, or even occupy rented ones. Upsilon’s hall is lo- cated close to the College Campus, in the heart of -129-MANUAL the town, and consists of a suite of rooms in one of the business buildings of Auburn. This has been the meeting place of the chapter for several years, and has undergone a series of improvements with each session, untill now it is an elegantly furnished a- partment, outclassing all the.other chapter halls at Auburn, PEt CHAPTER.= When the scholastic year 1896-97 opened at Roanoke College; there was enrolled as a student, W. H. Robertson, Gamma, who had decided to pursue his course of Study at that institution. He had come to Salem with the idea of planting Pi Kappa Alpha’sstandard in yet another College of the “Old Dominion” Af- ter looking over the field, he enlisted to help him in the work, five of Roanoke's best students. With one exception these were lower classmen, and were spending their first year at the College. In this way he got the best, and not material that had already been ‘‘whipped” over, as well as assured the per- manence of the chapter for several years to come, -180-PI KAPPA ALPHA After selecting his men, a charter was petitioned for, which after a short delay, was granted to Wal- ter Henderson Robertson, William Sterling Clai- born, William Worthington Terry, John Janney Lloyd, Jr. Walter Glenn Rhyne and Henry Abel Rhyne. Robertson was assisted with the organiza- tion of the chapter on the night of Ootober 24th, 1898 by R. R. Jones, Lota, who was then Council- lor Princeps of the Fraternity, There are but few local chapters at Roanoke, and Phi has but little rivalry. This is to be much regretted, for fraternities are appreciated much more where an intense rivalry exists. Phi has assumed a leading place in the society of Salem, and the quality of her men is very high in the class room as well as at social functions and on the athletic field. Through W. 5. Claiborne Phi assisted in the formation of Chi at the Univer- sity of the South, The chapter occupies two large rooms oh Main Street asa place of meeting. CHI CHAPTER.—When the session of the Uni- versity of the South opened in March, 1898, there were -131-MANUAL enrolled as students, two members of Pi Kappa Alpha. These men, George E. McLaurine, an initiate of Sigma, and W.S. Claiborne, of Phi, being urged by their chap- ters determined to see what could be done toward the establishment of a chapter at Sewanee. Though the field seemed to be crowded, they soon discovered four good fellows, whom as yet claimed allegiance under no Grecian flag. After the matter was laid before them, these men consented to undertake the work, and associated-themselves with McLaurine and Clai- borne for this purpose. The Supreme Council had long been wanting to enter Sewanee, so when the ap- plication for a charter was received, together with the recommendations of the two “‘fraters’” on the field, it was granted under date of May 6th, 1898, to Geo. BE. McLaurine, W. S. Claiborne, Charles W. Boyd, Go WwW, R. Cadman, Henry B. Parker and L. G. H. Williams. The chapter was installed and organized on the night of May 24th, by the two older men, McLaurine and Claiborne. At first the meetings of the Chapter were held in the various rooms of its members, as no_ hall could be secured for rent on the “Mountain.” iE: soon became evident, however, that if Chi expected to cope with the other local chapters, she must secure a chapter house, as at that time she was the only chap- -182-PI KAPPA ALPHA ter who did not occupy a home of its own. In the rushing of men this was used against the chapter and was a great disadvantage to the securing of suitable material. The chapter was young, had but few alumni, and was not composed of wealthy men. Des- pite these obstacles, they raised $200.00 among them- selves toward the work. At the Spartanburg Con- vention of 1900, the matter was placed before the meeting and the delegates urged to assist Chiin the building of the home, as the very life of the chapter depended upon it. A resolution was adopted recom- mending that each chapter contribute such an amount to a fund, to be held in trust by Robt. A. Smythe, Grand Treasurer, and to be paid over to Chi, when the work was actively begun on the erection Ol @ the house. Every chapter responded loyally to this, and later the whole amount was turned over to Ci. Phe amount still necessary was borrowed, a mortgage De; ing given to secure same. This has now been paid, and Chi’s home is free of every obligation. In October the house was completed, and furnished. It consists of two large rooms, and is so constructed that addi- tions may be easily made. The erection of this home placed Chi on an equal footing with the other fra- ternities on the ‘‘Mountain,”’ and this she has ever -133-MANUAL since retained. From the start her men have been of the highest calibre, and though surrounded by, Six older chapters, she holds her own with them all, and has done much to spread Pi Kappa Alpha’s fame throughout the land. Chi has had the misfortune ot initiating quite a number of “‘year’’ men, who never returned after their first session in school, though at the time of their initiation, it seemed that they would Temain in school three or four years. Though this was brought avout with no taint of dishonor on the chapter or its men yet it .as hghly unsatisfactory tothe chapter: and as much as possible has been eradicated in the las. few years Chi’s yeavly chapter roll is usually small, embracing the names of from six to ten men. One man has resigned upon the applica- cation of the chapter, Alonzo G. Turner. In Decem- ber, 1906, Chi having reported the loss of her charter, a duplicate was issued her by the Supreme Council. PSI CHAPTER.—For several years previous to the establishment of Psi Chapter at the North Georgia Agricultural College, the need of another fraternity had been greatly felt, Sigma Nu being the only one of the Greeks represented at that institution at that time. When the college opened in the fall of 1899, the need was still felt, and a band of students began to see what -134-PI KAPPA ALPHA could be done toward filling the deficiency. After looking about for some suitable order to petition, they at last decided on Pi Kappa Alpha. This led toa cor- respondence with J. W. Woodruff, Upsilon, who, through his chapter, took the matter up at once. A petition was favorably received by the Supreme Coun- cil, and a charter issued in March, 1900, to the follow- ing men: R. M. Blount, A. F. Bell, Pp. |. Horton, J..©. Barnes, Alfred Sloan Ham, M. F. Monroe, J. A. John- ston, H. B. McKeown, M. H. Cox, F. C. Powell and F. A. Griffin. The chapter was installed and organized at 10:00 A. M., Monday, March 20th, 1900, by J. W- Woodruff, J. W. Shuff, and S. G. Forbes, all active members of Upsilon. This chapter has a large field, and has always maintained a strong chapter, both in point of numbers and College standing. The friend liest of relationships exist between Psi and its worthy rival of Sigma Nu, and the honors are about evenly distributed between them. Psi occupied a large hall in the town which was used conjointly with the K. of P.’s. but on the night of January 25th, 1908, this build- ing was destroyed by fire, and most of the furnishings were damaged or destroyed. The chapter immed- iately got together, however, and secured and equipped another hall in the town and this furnishes their present- -135-meeting place. ‘This chapter has expelled one man, Mr. Arthur Gresham, Waynesboro, Ga. OMEGA CHAPTER.—This chapter is located in the Kentucky State College, which was formerly the Kentucky A. and M. College, when the first Kappa chapter was plantedin 1888. As has been explained, Kappa was revived in the Kentucky University, which is also situated in Lexington, and it was through this chapter that a good crowd of men was secured at the State College late in the session of 1900-01. The successful outcome of these efforts was due es- pecially to D. M. Crabtree, Kappa, who looked after the selection of the men to compose the new chapter. Crabtree had an acquaintance at the State College whom he first spoke to, concerning the establish- Meih Oly 7a 2 chapter of. Pj Kappa Alpha at the institution. His assistance being pro- cured, these two selected seven other men who were willing to undertake the work. Upon applica- tion from these eight men, recommended highly by Kappa, the Supreme Council granted a charter under date of June 13th, 1901, to Edward Cronley Elliot, Edwin Clinton Evins, Wliliam Thomas Carpenter, Leon Kaufman Frankel, Glenn Frank Mason, Charles Johnson Arnspiger, Lemuel Ford Boulware and Amos -136-PY RAeE A ALPE Alvin Gordon. These men were initiated by Kappa during the closing week s of the session, with the ex- ception of Gordon, who was prevented from joining then, but was initiated the following October. When the college opened in the fall, Qmega was thoroughly organized, and started on her wonderful career of achievement. Owing to the high standard of her men, Omega, though young, now occupies an_ enviable place among the Greeks of Lexington. Inconjunction with Kappa, Omega organized and established Alpha Lambda at Georgetown. M. W. Smith, an initiate of Omega designed, the present Coat of Arms of the Fraternity, and this, if nothing more, entitles her to a high place on the roll of Pi Kappa Alpha. In con~ nection with Kappa, Omega rents a suite of rooms in one of the Bank buildings of Lexington. These have been elegantly furnished, and form a very acceptable meeting place for the chapter, but plans are on foot at the present, looking to the establishment Gia perma- nent home, either in the city or on the College Campus. ALPHA-ALPHA CHAPTER.—Late in the Fall of 1901, the Supreme Council of the Fraternity received a petition from four students in Trinity College. After an investigation of the men, which proved satisfac- tory, a chapter was issued November 26th. L901, to 13MANUAL E. O. Smithdeal, E. W. Crawford, J. D. Langston, and C. E. D. Edgerton. Acting under the direction of the Grand Treasurer. ten members of Tau chapter assisted by R. H. La fferty, Beta, went over to: Durham and on the night of November 30th, installed Alpha- Alpha as a chapter of the fraternity. The installa- tion took place in the K. of P. hall, this being the second chapter of Pi Kappa Alpha to be organized in the Pythian rooms of Durham, as Tau was revived in the same place, not quite three years previously. This hall was used as the chapter’s meeting place, until a few months later, when a hall was secured by them on the College Campus. This chapter was well placed, but has had the misfortune of drawing its membership from the upper classmen. In this way, so many of its men leave each year never to return, that it leaves a very small number to begin with in the fall. Then a College law prohibits ‘‘rushing” until Pebruary of each year, so that the chapter exists with a very small membership for the greater part of the session. None of the local chapters at Durham occupy houses, so Alpha-Alpha, like the others, rents a hall in one of the College buildings, from the authorities. This chapter has had one expulsion, C. W. Bagby, the second man initiated by the charter members. -138-PI KAPPA ALPHA ALPHA BETA CHAPTER.—In the early Spring of 1892, P. A. Pugh, of Chi, notified the Supreme Coun- cil that there was a good opening for a chapter at Cen- tenary College in Louisiana, where with a good student body, only two fraternities were represented. Through his efforts, eleven men had pledged them- selves to Pi ee Alpha, if the Supreme Council would accept them as charter members. After an investigation of the men and conditions, a charter was granted March 8th, 1902, to L. B. Austin, N.C. Blanchard, re E. B. Cooper, EB. S. Freeman, lL. 2: Gay, |r., W. P. Hickman, A. EL. Marsh, J. B. Riley Jr., G. O. Sanders, J. S. Vaught and L. R. Young. On the night of March 15th, E. F. Koeele, Theta, who lived in New Orleans, came up to Jackson and initiated these men into Pi Kappa Alpha, and thoroughly or- ganized the chapter. This chapter promised great things, and at the time of its inception was the peer of the other two local chapters, but Centenary which had been the pride and stronghold of Methodism, since long ‘‘Before the War,’ was on the decline. —“Bhe agitation of removing the school to Shreveport, and the resultant opposition to the move, was all that was needed to complete the overthrow of its tottering existence. For this reason the size of its student -139-MANUAL body was greatly decreased, and among those in at- tendance, very little or no fraternity material was in evidence. Rather than-lower the standard of Pi Kap- pa Alpha, and realizing the lack of suitable material $ Alpha Beta determined to initiate none but the best. no matter what the outcome. During the two years of its existence the chapter initiated six men, two of whom were brought up from the University of Louis- lana, and taken into Pi Kappa Alpha, so as to. better further the interests of the petitioners from that in- stitution, who were later incorporated as Alpha Gamma Chapter. When the session of 1903-04 opened, only two of Alpha Beta’s men returned, and these making no additions, graduated in June, and the chapter sur- rendered its charter. It might be well to add that the chapters of Kappa Sigma and Kappa Alpha, actuated by the same causes, also gave up the fight in the same year. Two years later, owing to a personal. alterca- tion between the President and another member of the Faculty, the entire student body and Faculty re- signed, and thus this once grand old institution. who for over a half century had nurtured the cream of Louisiana's citizenship, closed its doors. As yet, it has not been re-opened, though there is talk of re- establishing it at Shreveport in the near future. Dur- -140-PIR APPA AIPEA ing its brief existence, Alpha Beta occupied a hall in the main building of the College. Through L. B. Austin, this chapter established Alpha Gamma at the Louisiana State University. ALPHA GAMMA CHAPTER.—When the Louts- iana State University opened in the Fall of 1902, L. B. Austin, Alpha Beta, was enrolled on its register. He immediately set about taking steps to the establish- ment of a chapter in his adopted institution. On ac- count of the peculiar conditions surrounding fraterni- ties at Louisiana, he found this anything but an easy task. However, he succeeded in securing the assist- ance of six men, and a charter was appliedfor. This was granted in November, 1902. However, before the chapter might be installed, new difficulties- pre- sented themselves in the form of Faculty opposition. On working up the chapter, Austin thought that as fraternities already existed at L. S. U., the faculty could have no objections to the entrance of another, and so did not procure their formal consent to the es- tablishment. As soon as the Supreme Council be- came informed of the existing conditions of affairs, they immediately withdrew the charter. Austin, “though, was not to be beaten, and he immediately set to work to obtain the Faculty’s permission. Realiz- -141-MANUAL ing that the more active members of the fraternity there were on the ground, the better the chances were for success, he sent two of his men, G. B. Golson and P. H. Griffith, up to Centenary, where they were initia. ted by Alpha Beta. Upon their return, renewed forces were brought to bear on the Faculty, and at last their consent was obtained. This information was imparted to the Supreme Council, and after satis- fying themselves that everything was all right, the re- called charter was returned. It bore the names of G. B. Golson, P. H. Griffith, J. K. Fahey, G. P. Gar- land, W. W. Hutchison and A. W. Buckner. On the night of June 4th, 1903, these men were initiated into Pi Kappa Alpha by J. 5S. Vaught, J. B. Reily, Jr., L. B. Austin and H. B. Munson, all of Alpha Beta, and E. F. Koeele, Theta, of New Orleans. The young chapter has had many difficulties to meet, surrounded as it was by four local chapters, the youngest of which had been established sixteen years. Then, too. a fac- ulty rule, prohibiting the initiation of men until their Sophomore year, has givenrise to the fraternities pledging men from one to two years, before they were initiated. This practically placed Alpha Gamma eighteen months behind in securing men. But the greatest obstacle to her success was the lack of a -142-PI KAPPA ALPHA meeting place. All of the other chapters owned halls on the College Campus, and this of course gave them a prestige, which they did not fail to use. These many difficulties were calculated to make the young chapter lose, but never for a moment did they waver. Austin had selected his men well. They were not the kind to say die. In the election of men, they main- tained an ultra conservatism, and though their chap- ter for the first two years was small, they have steadi- ly grown until now they have an average yearly roll of from ten to twelve men, which compares favorably with the size of the other local chapters. At first the chapter had no meeting place, the sessions being held in the various rooms of the members. Later, a small building on the Campus was secured, and this is their present hall. As to size, however, this is en- tirely inadequate, and very poorly situated. For this reason, the chapter has for some time been trying to raise money for the erection of a” fall on the Campus, and to this end have solicited aid from the alumni of Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas. Having so few alumni, they succeeded in raising only $250.00. At the Richmond Convention of 1907, this condidtion of affairs was placed before the meeting, and it became evident that unless a chap- -143-MANUAL ter hall was secured, Alpha Gamma must either sur- render its charter or lower its standard of membership. It was therefore decided that the General Fraternity through its chapters should contribute to the erection of this hall. This has now been done, and work will soon be begun on Alpha Gamma’s chapter house. Alpha Gamma has had one expulsion, viz,: Frank W. Perkins, in December, 1907. ALPHA DELIA CHAPTER.—-In- May, 19032. 4 charter was issued to Alpha Delta Chapter at the North Carolina Agricultural and Mechanical College, and full authority was given J. W. McKay, Beta, to put the chapter. through. Unavoidable delays brought the college session to an end with no chapter established. When the college opend next fall, and negotiations were again started, the actions of the ) ota, RM. Birdand De © Wilson; Pi, A. B. LaFar; Nu, J... C. Shannon; X4,-Geo: McKutcheon and J. P. Leary; Alumnus Alpha, i, Brantley; Sigma, G. W. Williamson and G. E. Mc- Laurine; Alumnus Alpha, E. D. Moore, Robt. Whittet, Jr.,and H. L. Swineford; Alumnus Epsilon, Rev. TR Howerton, Beta, Theta, Mu, Rho, Tau, and Upsi- lon, and Alumnus Beta, Gamma, and Delta, had no delegates present. Grand Officers on hand were, Grand High Councilor, D. J. Brimm; Councilor Prin- ceps, R. R. Jones; Grand Treasurer, Robt. A. Smythe; -180-PI KAPPA ALPHA Grand Secretary, J. Gray McAllister. The Grand Chaplain, Theron H. Rice, alone was absent. Upon motion a quorum was declared present and work was begun. The opening feature was an address by Rev. J. R. Howerton, who spoke in opposition to Northern Extension, added a most beautiful exposition of the merits and benefits of fraternity membership. The committee appointed at the Nashville Convention of 1894 to prepare a set of ritualistic degrees and to fur- ther revise the ritual, reported that owing to the fact that a large element of the fraternity were evidently unable to undergo the expense of providing the neces- sary regalia, that another element seemed incompe- tent to take the degrees on moral grounds, and that a large number did not appreciate the value of the de- gree system, they deemed it not expedient to adopt the system, and recommend the abandonment of the scheme. Upon motion the report was adopted. A committee composed of Floyd Hughes and Robt. A. Smythe was appointed to look into the advisability of incorporating the fraternity, and to report its decision. at the next Convention. A committee was appointed to look into the present mode of the fraternity’s gOv- ernment, and to advise changes therein as well as in the Constitution. This committee was composed of -181-MANUAL R. R. Jones, Robt. A. Smythe and R. M. Bird. North- ern Extension was then introduced, and promptly killed. The committee on Constitution above named, reported and was continued until the next Convention, with instructions to thoroughly revise the Constitu- tion. A resolution was passed thata legal quorum of the Convention should be duly constituted, when dele- gates from such a number of the chapters, as shall equal half the number of active chapters then in exis- tence, be present, whether these delegates are from active or alumnus chapters. The Committee on Con- stitution was instructed to incorporate this resolution in the revised Constitution. The reports of the Grand Officers and chapters were read and discussed. The committee in charge, reported the auditing of the Grand Treasurer’s accounts, and recommended that they be accepted, which report was adopted. The Committee to investigate the chapter books, reported only two books in hand, and urged legislation to com- pel the chapters to action in this matter. Vates ct thanks were tendered the Grand Officers, as well as E. P. Cox and J. Gray McAllister, for efficient services rendered and loyal support ’given the Fraternity. Upon vote the Convention elected Floyd Hughes, Gamma, Grand High Councilor, and James R. How- -182-PI KAPPA ALPHA erton, Theta, Grand=Chaplain. The vote ot “the Grand Council resulted in the election of ROR. jones, Councilor Princeps, and Robt. A. Smythe, Grand Treasurer. The Constitution was temporarily set aside so as to allow the Convention to elect a successor to J. Gray McAllister, who resigned the position of Grand Secretary. Upon vote of the Convention, Robert Hill, Theta,was elected in this place. The Convention adjourned with prayer by Rew. 513). Britnm, Pheta.- TENTH CONVENTION. Pursuant to call, the Convention met in the Tulane Hotel, Nashville, Tenn., on Thursday, June 17th, 1897. The meeting was opened with prayer by Rev. J. S. Foster, Theta, who also gave the address of welcome. Upon roll call, the following delegates were found present: Beta, ©. C. Orr: Zeta, C. B. Rogan and W. K. Hunter; Theta, V. Moldenhower and R. L. Gladury; Iota, R. R. Jones; Mu H.S. Grithn: Pi, ©..C, Price, Rho, Wm. K. Howe, A. F. Hudson, A. G: Reichardt, and W.. Lf. Broved: Sigma, G. W. Sypert, and Louis Leftwich; Upsilon, F. W. Van Ness; Alumnus Alpha, E. P. Cox; Alumnus Gamma, J. A. Arbuckle; Alumnus Delta, Robt. A. Smythe; Alumnus Epsilon, Floyd Hughes. Alpha, Nu, Xi, and Tau, and Alumnus Beta and Zeta, were -183-MANUAL not represented. Alumni were present from Epsilon, Zeta, Theta, and Sigma. These were accorded the privilege of the floor, but not of the ballot. Officers present, Grand High Councilor, Floyd Hughes; Coun- cilor Princeps, R, R. Jones; Grand Treasurer, Robt. A. emythe. The Grand Secretary, Robt. Hill, and Grand Chaplain, Jas. R. Howerton, were absent. A constitutional quorum being announced, the Conven- tion took up the revised Constitution as presented by the constitutional Committee appointed at the last Convention. The revised document was delivered to a committee composed of one member from each ac- tive chapter, which was to report to the Convention later during the present session. After a thorough consideration, this committee reported, recommend- ing the adoption of both the Printed and Secret Con- stitution as presented, with a few minor changes, which were suggested. The report of this committee was adopted in full, and the fraternity began its life under its present governmental system. The Grand Council of delegates was abolished, and its powers transferred to the Grand Officers, to be elected by the Convention. The name of the Grand High Councilor was changed to Supreme Councilor, and an executive committee under the title of Supreme Council was -184-PI KAPPA ALPHA formed, consisting of the Councilor Princeps as chair- man and the Grand Treasurer and Grand Secretary. This was the executive head of the fraternity, and held full powers during the recess of the Convention. A system of fines was also set forth in the new instru- ment, and compulsory subscription to the “Shield and Diamond” was incorporated therein. The com- mittee on incorporating the fraternity, appointed at the last Convention, reported that they found it im- practicable to take this step at present time. Com- mittee was continued until next Convention. Floyd ‘Hughes announced that his brother, R. M. Hughes, Gamma, had established a scholarship at William and Mary College to be known as the Pi Kappa Alpha Scholarship. The Convention was apprised of the birth of Alumnus Eta at New Orleans. Heretofore the man- ufacture of the Fraternity jewelry had been in the hands of J. F. Newman, of New York City. This Convention advised the Supreme Council to secure estimates from other jewelers on this work and in this way, reduce the exorbitant prices on badges, etc. Grand Officers’ reports were read and discussed. No written reports were had from the chapters, but these were given orally and showed them to be in good con- dition. The Grand Treasurer’s accounts were aud- -185-MANUAL ited and accepted. The Supreme Council-was recom- mended to undertake the publication of a secret jonrnal termed the “Dagger and Key,’ which, though pro- vided for before, had never been published. The Con- vention then proceeded to the election of officers, with the following results: Supreme Councilor, Floyd Hughes; Councilor Princeps, R. R. Jones; Grand Treas- urer, Robert A. Smythe; Grand Secretary, Robt. Hill; Grand Chaplain, Jas. R. Howerton. Rev. John ©. Foster, Theta, was elected to represent the Frater- nity at the Pan Hellenic Congress to be held in Nash- ville, during the Summer. A vote of thanks was ten- dered the Grand Officers for their efficient services dur- ing the past year. The Convention was adjourned on the evening of June 18th, R. E. Blackburn, Theta, leading in prayer. ELEVENTH CONVENTION. The Eleventh Convention assembled in the ball.room of the Aragon Motel Atlanta, Ga. on Saturday evening, July 23rd, 1898. Chapter delegates were present as fol- lows: Alpha, N. H. McDonald;Gamma, R. R. Clai- borne; Zeta, J. W. Hudson; Theta, U. D. Mooney and R. E. Blackburn; Mu, Thornwell Jacobs; Rho, E. B. Wandis; Upsilon, £. L. Tate, Hy S. Houghton. Gs ds. Edwards, J. R. Glenn, and P. M. McIntyre; Chi, W. -186-PI KAPPA ALPHA S. Claiborne; Alumnus Delta, Robt. A. Smythe; Alum- nus Epsilon, Floyd Hughes and R. M. Hughes. The following corresponding members were present, and extended the privilege of the floor: Alpha, L. D. T. Quimby; Zeta, Robt. HB. Troy. Theta, Prot Dy Brimm, D. W. Hollingsworth and Rev. Theron H. Race, |c.; lota, Rev. E. M. Craig; Xi, E. F. Strothers, Beta, lota, Nu, Pi, Sigma, and Phi, and Alumnus Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Zeta, Eta, and Theta, had no del- egates present. Sigma was excused, and on account of the inactivity of the chapter, Alpha’s delegate was not entitled to vote. Grand Officers present: Su- preme Councilor, Floyd Hughes; Grand Treasurer, Robt. A. Smythe. Grand Secretary, Robt. Hill, Grand Chaplain, Jas. R. Howerton, and Councilor Princeps, W. M. Anderson, were not present. The Supreme Councilor declared the Convention duly formed and it was formally opened with prayer by Rev. E. M. Craig, Iota. P.M. McIntyre was elected Conductor and R. R. Claiborne, Secretary pro tem. The Grand Officers’ reports were first read and re- ferred to Committees for comment. The Grand Treasurer reported that in January, 1897, Paul B. Meyers, an initiate of Zeta, had purchased from J. ie Newman, a Pi Kappa Alpha badge, and had failed to -187-MANUAL pay for same, after being written to repeatedly about the matter. The Supreme Council had decided to re- fer the matter to the Convention. A committee was appointed to investigate the affair, and this committee reported, recommending the acceptance of Meyers’ note, with the badge in question as security, further proceedings to be submitted to the next Convention. The following committee was appointed to revise the Ritual: Robt. M. Hughes, Chairman, Thornwell Jacobs, Robt. A. Smythe, C. L. Edwards and D. J. Brimm. The revision was made, and the Ritual as we have it today was adopted. This Committee also re- commended that no additions be made to or altera- tions in the initiatory ceremony, such as is often in- dulged in at the expense of the worthy candidate. This report was also adopted, and a law prohibiting the giving of side degrees in the chapter hall of the fraternity was passed. A committee on Extension was appointed and reported, recommending the fol- lowing institutions as being the ones toward which extension should be sought: Richmond College, Kentucky State College, Central College of Kentucky, Austin College, Texas A. and A. M. College, Uni- versity of Arkansas, Georgia Institute of Technol- ogy, Columbia University, University of St. Louis, -188-PI KAPPA ALPHA University of Mississippi, and Arkansas College. Verbal reports were given by the chapter delegates and the Grand Treasurer’s accounts were audited and certified as usual. The Conventon was enter- tained by Rev. Theron H. Rice, Jr., who spoke of the old days of Theta and the Convention of 1889 at Hampden Sidney, Va. Hon. R. M. Hughes gave an account of the early days of the fraternity and the Yellow Sulphur Springs Convention of 1876. On Sunday, the day after the opening of the Convention, the delegates in a body attended ser- vices at the First Presbyterian Church, which were conducted by Rev. “Theron Ho Rice, Jr * Ao few months after the adjournment of the last Conven- tion, the Councilor Princeps., R. R. Jones, resigned, and in accordance with the Constitution, the Su- preme Council elected Rev. W. M. Anderson to the vacancy. Before adjourning, the Convention elected the following officers: Supreme Councilor, Floyd Hughes; Councilor Princeps, Robt. Hill; Grand Treasurer, Robt A. Smythe: Grand | Secretary, Robt. H. Troy; Grand Chaplain, Rev. E. M. Craig. Upon motion the Convention adjourned sine die on the evening of Monday, July 25th. TWELFTH CONVENTION. This meeting met, -189-MANUAL pursuant to call, in a private hall of the Hotel Im- perial, Knoxville, Tenn., on Tuesday morning, June 20th, 1899. The headquarters of the Convention was at the Imperial, and the Convention hall had been beautifully decorated by the Knoxville mem- bers. The Convention was opened with prayer by C. W. Boyd, Chi. The address of welcome was de- livered by Edwin Wiley, Zeta, of Knoxville, and the response. made by Dr. H: B. Arbuckle, lota. J. Pike Powers, Jr., was appointed Secretary pro tem of the Convention. Delegates were present as follows: Beta, Geo. T. Clark; Gamma, Hon. Floyd Hughes; Zeta, Frank Jarnigan and W. K. Hunter; Theta, U. D. Mooney; lota, W. B. Lorraine and T. N. Jones; Nu, E.G. Major; Rho, W. C.° Miller; Tau: ooo Wray: Phil, L. Jennings; Chi, C. W.. Boyds Alumnus Gamma, H. B. Arbuckle; Alumnus Delta, Robt A. Smythe; Alumnus Epsilon, Hon. Floyd Hughes; Alumnus Iota, Edwin Wiley and J. Pike Powers. Alpha, Mu, Sigma, Upsilon and Alumnus Alpha, Beta, Zeta, Eta and Theta had no delegates present. Practically the entire membership of Zeta and Alumnus lota were present at all sessions of the Convention. The following officers were pres- ent: Supreme Councilor, Floyd Hughes; Grand -190-PI KAPPA ALPHA Treasurer, Robert A. Smythe. The Councilor Princeps, Robert Hill, Grand Secretary, Robert H. Troy, and Grand Chaplain, E. M. Craig, were una- voidably detained. Upon the report of Robert A. Smythe that P. B. Meyers had not yet paid for the badge purchased in January, 1897, nor returned the badge, as a security for payment of same, the matter was given to a committee, which re- commended that the fraternity pay J. F. Newman for the badge, and expel P. B. Meyers from the fra- ternity. The first part of the report was adopted, but upon the intercession of Zeta chapter, instead of expulsion, Meyers was suspended until the pay- ment of the debt, provided, that if it still remained unpaid at the next Convention, he should be ex- pelled. The Committee on Constitution recommended certain revisions in regard to expulsion, suspension and resignations, and payment of chapter dues. Recommendations were adopted. The Grand Offi- cers’ reports were read and given to a committee for inspection. Grand Treasurer’s accounts were audited and certified. Chapter books from Beta, Rho, Nu, Chi, Iota, Tau, Zeta, Theta and Phi were presented to the Committee on Chapter Books, and were reported in good condition. Written re- -191-MANUAL ports were had from the chapter delegates, and the Grand Treasurer reported for those chapters not represented. The Convention recommended Spartanburg, S. C., as the place of the next meeting. At the election of officers, Robert M. Hughes was elected Supreme Councilor; Robert Hill, Councilor Prnceps; Robt. A. Smythe, Grand Treasuter: |. Prke Powers, Jr., Grand Secretary. and Dr. James R. Howerton, Grand Chaplain. After adjourn- ment, the Convention was the guest at a delight- ful banquet of the Knoxville Pi’s on the night of June®21st, 1899. THIRTEENTH CONVENTION. The Thirteenth annual meeting of the fraternity was held in the Odd Fellows Hall of Spartanburg, S. C., on May 2d and 3d, 1900. Headquarters were established at the Spartan Inn. Upon roll call the following delegates responded: Alpha, R. A. Stewart; Beta, Robt. H. Imatterty; Gamma, -C. Ns Williams; Zeta, F. WwW. Jarnigan; Iota, Alexander Martin; Mu, J. P. Marion, in; CoM. Wilcox and’ C. F. Simmons; Nu, M. Anld and H. My Browhs-sigma, W. L. Clark: Tau, WE Ruoker; Upsilon, W. D. Willis; Phi, W. G. Rhine: Cha-sG:- Wy Radford; Psi, RF. NE Blount. Denactive members of Nu chapter were also present, as well as -192-PI KAPPA: ALPHA alumni of Nu, Xi, and Tau. Theta, Rho; and the alumnus chapters were not represented. Visiting members were allowed the privileges of the floor. Grand Treasurer Robt. A. Smythe and Grand Sec- retary-J. Pike Powers were the only Grand Officers present, Supreme Councilor R. M. Hughes, Councilor Princeps, Robt. Hill, and Grand Chaplain, Dr. Jas. R. Howerton, being unavoidably detained. By consent, the Grand Treasurer acted as Supreme Councilor, a legal quorum was declared present, and the standing committees appointed. The Con- vention was opened with an address of welcome by M. Auld, responded to by C. N. Williams on be- half of the fraternity. Reports of Grand Officers were read and given to Committee for inspection and comment. Once more the Paul B. Meyer matter badge was taken up and turned into the hands. of a committee. This Committee reported that the jew- eler, J. F. Newman, had been paid for the badge by the fraternity, as promised at the last Convention, and recommended that inasmuch as Meyers had made no effort to pay the debt or even replied to communications sent him, he be expelled from the fraternity. Report was adopted, and thereby Paul B. Meyers, Zeta, was declared no longer a member: -198-MANUAL of Pi Kappa Alpha. Alexander Martin, Iota, pre- sented the following matter for consideration and decision of the Convention. The Phi Kappa Psi fraternity had withdrawn its charter from the chap- ter at Hampden Sydney College, and prohibited its men there from longer wearing the badge. This ac- tion had greatly embittered the Phi Kappa Psis at Hampden Sydney, and one man, Mr. A. P. John- son, a member of this extinct chapter, could be ob- tained by Iota chapter if the Consitution could be so amended or set aside as to permit the initiation of a man belonging to another fraternity. Upon mo- tion, it was decided that under the Constitution this permission could not be given, and the Convention refused to amend the Constitution. Bro. Jeo; Hughes, Xi, was elected to represent the fraternity in any consolidated movement looking to the legit- imate repeal of antifraternity laws in South Caro- lina. A new Grand Office was created under the title of Deputy Grand Treasurer, which was to be filled from the active members and was to assist the Grand Treasurer in the collection of dues, etc. The Com- mittee on Chapter Extension récommended the en- tering of the following institutions: Uuiversity of Georgia, Randolph Macon College, and University of -194-PI KAPPA ALPHA Mississippi. A statement was then made the Con- vention of the great need of Chi chapter for a chapter house, and her inability to raise the necessary amount through her efforts alone. Upon motion, the Conven- tion recommended that each chapter contribute at least five dollars toward the Chi Chapter House fund, the same to be held in trust by the Grand Treasurer, Robt. A. Smythe. Chapter reports were presented by their respective delegates, except Theta, which had none, the Grand Secretary giving a verbal report for her. Williamsburg, Va., and Charlotte, N, C., were recommended to the Supreme Council as the next place of meeting. Upon motion it was resolved that in future the Supreme Council select as the time of meeting of the Convention a date during the College year, and not as heretofore during, the Summer vaca- tion. The Committee on chapter books reported having received and found in good condition, books from the following chapters: Beta, Gamma, Zeta, lota, Mu, Nu, Sigma, Tau, Upsilon, Phi, Chi, and Psi. The fol- lowing firms were recommended as Official Jewelers: Wright, Kay & Co., D. lL. Auld, and J. F. Newman, the Constitution being so amended as to allow of the selection of two or more such jewelers. The Grand Treasurer's accounts were audited and accepted, and -195-MANUAL a vote of thanks tendered him by the Convention. The election of officers resulted as follows: Supreme Councilor, Robt. M. Hughes; Councilor Princeps; Dr. H. B. Arbuckle; Grand Treasurer, Robt. A. Smythe; Deputy Grand Treasurer, W. L. Clark; Grand Secre- tary, J. Pike Powers; Grand Chaplain, Rev. ©. W, Boyd. The Convention was closed on the night of May 38rd, by a banquet at the Piedmont Cafe tendered the visiting members by the members of Nu chapter. FOURTEENTH CONVENTION. The fourteenth meeting of Pi Kappa Alpha assembled in Char- lotte, N. C., on April 8rd and 4th, 1901, headquarters being established at Central Hotel. The meeting was held in the rooms of the Chamber of Commerce, which were adjacent to the hotel. The Convention was called to order by the Councilor Princeps, Dr. H. B. Arbuckle, the Supreme Councilor not having arrived at that time, and Rev. J. R. Howerton led in prayer. Delegates were present as follows: Beta, Thos. P. Bagley and J. W. McKay; Gamma, C. Vernon Spratly ; Theta, F. L. McFadden; Iota, H. M. McAllister, R. H. Webb, and W. R. Martin; Kappa, C. N. Williams; Mu, L. G. Stevenson and A. G. Fewell: Nu, B. H. Brown: Sigma, C. §. Williamson, Jr.; Tau, C. C. Orr: Upsilon, J. E.D. Yonge; Phi, C. H. Wilson. Alpha, Zeta, Rho, -196-PI KAPPA ALPHA Chi, Psi, and the Alumnus chapters were not repres- ented. Visiting members were present from Beta, Theta, Tau, and Phi. The Supreme Councilor, R, M. Hughes, was unavoidably detained, but sent his brother, Floyd Hughes, to act in his place. The Grand Chaplain, C. W. Boyd, and Deputy Grand Treasurer,- W. L. Clark, were also absent. Grand Officers present were Councilor Princeps, Dr. H. B. Arbuckle, Grand Treasurer, Robt. A. Smythe, Grand secretary, |. Pike Powers, Jr., and Acting Supreme Councilor, Floyd Hughes. Upon action of the Con- vention, Hon. Floyd Hughes was elected Supreme Councilor pro tem., and D. Kirby Pope, Beta, ap- pointed Conductor. Owing to the chapters in the past failing to send contributions to the “Shield and Diamond,” as they should, a motion was adopted that each chapter furnish two articles each year, aside from chapter letters, for publication in the magazine, and a fine was attached for failure to comply there- with. Theta chapter during the year, was reported as having her treasury box robbed of quite a consid- erable sum of money, and in view of the fact that the General Fraternity’s treasury showed a good amount to its credit, it was resolved to remit to this chapter $14.00 of the amount paid by her, by crediting her fu- -197-MANUAL ture dues with this amount. A motion was passed requiring each chapter to elect a chapter historian to have charge of the collection and writing of data re- lative to each member of his chapter, both active and alumnus. The Grand Officers’ reports were read and referred to a committee. Reports of the chapters were read by their respective delegates. The Con- vention was enteretained by Hon. T. B. Bailey, one of the charter members of old Beta. He gave an account of the founding and early history of this chapter, and its subsequent death. It was urged that in the fu- ture public exercises be given in connection with the Convention, and a committee was appointed to submit such a program to the next Convention. The Com- mitteezon Chapter books reported books from the fol- lowing chapters, as delivered to them: Zeta, Kappa,, Tota, Phi, Mu, Nu, Sigma, Upsilon; Tau, Gamma, Theta, Psi, and Beta. These were thoroughly dis- cussed and commented on. The Grand Treasurer’s accounts were audited and certified and thanks of the Convention tendered that official for his untiring zeal and work for the Fraternity. Under the head of Extension, the following institutions were named as suitable for the entrance of Pi Kappa Alpha: Ran- dolph Macon College, Richmond College, Fredericks- -198-PI KAPPA ALPHA burg College, Georgetown College, Kentucky State College, Centre College, Central University, Univer- sity of Georgia, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory College, Mercer College, University of Ala- bama, University of Arkansas, Trinity College, Uni- versity of Mississippi, Millsaps College, and Univer- sity of Texas. The following places invited the Con- vention to meet with them at its next meeting: Lexington, Ky., Richmond, Va., Norfolk, Va., and Clarksville, Tennessee. The following men were elected to guide the fraternity through the next year of its life: Supreme Councilor, Floyd Hughes; Councilor Princeps, Dr. 1: 3B. Arbucklé; Grand Treasurer, Robert A. Smythe; Deputy Grand Treas- urer, H. M. McAllister; Grand Secretary, J. Pike Powers, Jr.; Grand Chaplain, Rev. John 8. Foster. On the night of the first day of the Convention, April 3d, the delegates were guests at a banquet in the banquet hall of the Elks’ Club, of Beta Chap- ter and the Charlotte Alumni. On the following evening a reception was tendered them at the home of Dr. Jas. R. Howerton, and the Convention festi- vities were closed next day by a trip to Davidson, twenty-two miles away, where they were shown Beta’s home and surroundings. -199-MANUAL FIFTEENTH CONVENTION. This Convention was ‘convened in the private dining hall of the Monti- cello Hotel, Norfolk, Va., on the morning of June 4th, 1902, and was called to order by the Supreme Councilor, Hon. Floyd Hughes. The session was opened with prayer by the Grand Chaplain, Rev. John S. Foster. On behalf of the Norfolk Alumni, Hon. R. M. Hughes delivered the address of wel- come. The roll of delegates being called, the follow- ing responded: Alpha, A. C. Jones; Beta, N. T. Wag- ner; Gamma, T. B. Forbes and ij. B. Lamb; Beta: Hed. ite; Theta; W. V. Brierson; Iota, WW. Jones and T. W. Hooper; Nu, E. F. McWhirter: Omicron, S. T. Mathews and F. A. Collier: Tau, G. S. Reynolds; Upsilon, A. M. Avery; Phi, Jocks Kirby; Psi, J. H. Scales; Alpha-Alpha, C. E. D. Egerton; Alpha Beta, L. B. Austin. Kappa, Mu, Pi, Rho, Sigma, Chi, and Omega, together with the alumnus chapters, had no delegates present. Visitors present were Hon. L. W. Tazewell, Alpha, one of the founders, Wm. C. Dickson, Alpha, initiate of 1869, and Hon. R. M. Hughes, charter member of Gamma, togther with alumni of Gamma, Epsilon, lota,and Chi. Grand Officers present, Supreme Coun- cilor, Floyd Hughes; Councilor Princeps, Dr. read and discussed. The Grand Treasurer’s accounts were audited and accepted. The following officers were elected for the foilowing year: Supreme Coun- cilor, Floyd Hughes; Councilor Princeps, Br, AB. Arbuckle: Grand Treasurer, Robert A. Smythe, Grand Secretary, J. Pike Powers, Jr.; Grand Histor- iographer, A. C. Jones: Deputy Grand Treasurer, H. M. McAllister; Grand Chaplain, Dr. Wallace T. Palmer. On the night of April 7th an informal smo- ker was tendered the Convention by Alpha Delta -209-MANUAL and the Atlanta alumni. EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION. This meeting convened on April 25th, 1908, at Chattanooga, Tenn., in the Southern Hotel parlors. Headquarters were also established at the Southern. The meeting was called to order by the Councilor Princeps, Dr. H. B. Arbuckle. Delegates were present from the from the following chapters:: Alpha, C. Vernon Spratley; Beta, J. L. Moore: Gamma, J. A. Carson: Zeta, Sam J. McAlister: Eta, S: = Calongue; Theta, J. G. Reid; Iota, J. M. Graham: Kappa, H. E. Yockey and D. S. Bromley; Mu, J. D. Pulp; Nu, J. W. Boyd; Omicron. C. “EH. Tallman: Pi Wo BR. Jones: sRitc, Ro Do Pucker: Sisma, G. “W. Grier; Tan, ©. 1 wine ler; Upsilon. T. H. Matson: Phi, A. M. Bowman, ite Chi, E. C. Seaman, Lindle Herrington, and Ac € Piafile: Psi: W. 0. Mathews, J. L. Brown and [eRe Watt; Omega, M. W. Smith: Alpha Alpha, C. R, Puchi Alpha. Delta, C. S. Harper; Alpha Epsilon, J. A. Park; Alpha Eta, J. S. Peters; Alpha Theta. Arthur Arnold; Alpha Iota, S. M. Graham. Only two chapters, Alpha Gamma and Alpha Zeta, had no delegates present. Alumni from Rho, Beta, Zeta. Pi and Psi were also in attendance. Coun- cilor Princeps Dr. H. B. Arbuckle and Grand Sec- -210-PI KAPPA ALPHA retary J. Pike Powers, Jr, were present. The other Grand Officers, Supreme Councilor Floyd Hughes, Grand Treasurer Robert A. Smythe, Grand Historio- grapher A. C. Jones, Deputy Grand Treasurer H. M. McAllister, and Grand Chaplain Dr. Wallace T. Palmer, were unavoidably detained. C. R. Pugh and S. J. McAllister were appointed Conductors. The opening prayer was offered by Rev. P. D. Tucker. Address of welcome was delivered by Hon. Frank C. Carden, and responded to by W. E. Jones. The Constitution Committee, consisting of J. Graham Sale and J. B. Clark, reported the revision of the Constitution, which combined both Printed and Secret Constitutions in one document which is not of a strictly secret nature. With a few immaterial changes, this revision was adopted. The main point in the revised instrument was the change from an annual to a biennial Convention. The names of Councilor Princeps and Supreme Councilor were also changed to Grand Princeps and Grand Coun- cilor respectively, and the Grand Historiographer was placed on the Supreme Council. The office of Deputy Grand Treasurer and the board of chapter assistant editors to the Shield and Diamond were abolished, and the office of Grand Chancellor created. -211-MANUAL In regard to extension, a motion to enter all reputa- ble colleges of the United States was lost by a vote of eighteen to nine. A set of by-laws was also adopted by the Convention. A committee was appointed to get up a coat of arms for the Fraternity. This con- sisted of M. W. Smith, Omega,and D. S. Bromley, Kappa. Later in the year they presented a design which was adopted and copyrighted by the Supreme Council, and forms the present coat of arms. Gamma chapter reported the losing of her charter; and the Supreme Council was instructed by the Convention to issue her a duplicate of her last charter. A salary of $300.00 was appropriated as the annual salary of the Grand Treasurer. Officers’ and chapter re- ports.were read and discussed. Alpha Gamma and Alpha Zeta failed to have their minute books at the Convention, and four chapters did not present Re- cord books. Grand Treasurer’s accounts were pre- sented and audited. The following officers were elected: Grand Councilor, Hon. Floyd Hughes; Grand Princeps, Arthur C. Jones; Grand Chancellor, J. Pike Powers, Jr.; Grand Treasurer, Robt. A. Smythe; Grand Historiographer, J. Graham’ Sale: Grand Secretary, Jas. R. Williamson: Grand Chap- lain, Rev. J. Gray McAllister. Richmond was re- -212-PI KAPPA ALPHA commended by the Supreme Council as the next place of meeting. Before adjournment, the two new officers present, J. Graham Sale and J. Pike Powers, Jr., were constitutionally installed by the Grand Princeps. The Convention was closed with a ban- quet on the night of April 26th, at the Union Depot Restaurant, with Dr. H. B. Arbuckle as toastmaster. Next morning the delegates formed two tallyho parties and rode out to Lookout Mountain, Chicka- mauga Park, and Missionary Ridge, and thus ended the Eighteenth Convention. of Pi Kappa Alpha. NINETEENTH CONVENTION. The First Bi- ennial Convention of the Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity was held in the Jefferson Hotel, Richmond, Va., on May Ist, 2nd and 3rd, 1907. The Convention was called to order byZCouncilor Princeps J. Pike Pow- ers, Jr., and was led in prayer by the Grand Chap- lain, Dr. J. Gray McAllister. Upon roll call, delegates reported as follows: Alpha, T. J. Williams; Beta, A i. .Mustin: Gamma. Ro B. Dade: Delta. GM: Watson: Zeta. |. A. Wineent> Pia, KR. ©: Patton: theta, G. W. Currie; Tota, BP. TY. Atkmson= Kappa, wy H. Wiartley, Mu, BE. L. Power; Nu, [- Bo Pate. Omicron, B. E: Steele; Pi, Geo. E: Penn, Jr Rio, qonn ©. Orr; Tau, Wm. ©. Coughemore, Jr; Upsr -213-MANUAL lon, L.. Ottis, Bhi, A. M. Bowman, Jr. Chi Pi Prentiss; Psi, Julius Elkans; Omega, L. E. Hillen- meyer; Alpha-Alpha, Paul Webb; Alpha Gamma, BP. Ferguson, ir; Alpha’ Delta, J: A. Tomminc Alpha Epsilon, G. F. Bason, Jr., and W. G. Fergu- SOmy apna Zeta, HR. Smith: Alpha Bta. Zz. Cason; Alpha Theta, C. M. Hanna; Alpha Iota, C. H. Kirkland; Alpha Kappa, Wm. McTighe; Alpha Lambda, Hubert Bunyea. Besides these, forty visiting alumni were registered, together with thirty-eight additional chapter members. Grand Offi- cers present were: Grand Councilor, Hon. Floyd Hughes; Councilor Princeps, J. Pike Powers, Jr.; Grand Treasurer, Robt. A. Smythe; Grand Secre- tary, H. M. McAllister; Grand Historiographer J. Graham Sale; Grand Chancellor, J. G. Hughes; Grand Chaplain, Dr. J. Gray McAllister. Every ac- tive chapter was represented, every officer was pres- ent, and an attendance of one hundred and fifteen was reported. Owing to the resignation of A. C. Jones as Grand Princeps just after the Chattanooga meeting, J. Pike Powers, Jr., had been elected to that position, and J. G. Hughes was elected to take his place as Grand Chancellor by the Supreme Coun- cil. B. E. Steele and P. T. Prentiss were appointed -214-PI KAPPA ALPHA Conductors by the Councilor Princeps. Addresses of welcome were made by Hon. Jas. Alston Cabell and John Martin, and responses were made by J. Graham Sale and Thos. J. Williams. Privileges of the floor were extended all visiting brothers. Upon application from Alpha Gamma, and a statement of her great need of a chapter house, the Convention voted to assist this chapter by assessing each active member the sum of $1.00 for this purpose. A permanent chapter house fund was also provided for. The sum of $300.00 was appropriated for the use of the Grand Historiographer, and $500.00 for the Grand Treasurer’s salary. A Board of Editors of the Shield and Diamond was chosen, and three new departments added. These were Alumni, Ex- change and College World Departments, with an ed- itor in charge of each. It was also decided to change the cover design and department headings of the magazine. The question of chapter extension was brought up, and after a lengthy discussion, it was at last decided to extend the eligible territory to cover all States west of the Mississippi river and those east lying south of the Ohio. Certificates of member- ship were also adopted, and the Supreme Council was instructed to offer suitable rewards for the best -215-MANUAL chapter letters and contributed articles in the Shield and Diamond during the next two years. A commit- tee to design an exclusive alumni button was ap- pointed to report at the next Convention. A stand- ing committee on Fraternity Songs was appointed to report at the next Convention. New Orleans was recommended as the place of the next Convention in 1909. Chapter and officers’ reports were read and spread on the minutes. Grand Treasurer’s accounts were audited and accepted. All chapter records and minutes were presented to the committee in charge. It was decided to empower the Supreme Council to issue the second edition of a catalogue to appear in the near future. Upon motion, the en- tire corps of Grand Officers was re-elected for two years. It may be added, however, that just after the Convention it became necessary for H. M. Mc- Allister to resign as Grand Secretary, and the Su- preme Council elected C. W. Underwood to fill his unexpired term. The Convention was closed on the night of May 3d, by a banquet at the Westmoreland Club, when the delegates were the guests of Omicron and Alumnus Alpha chapters. The Twentieth Convention and the Second Bi- ennial Convention will be held in April, 1909, at New Orleans, La. -216-1V—The Alumni CHAPTER ROLL.—Although the early govern- ment of the fraternity provided for Alumni chapters, yet none were formed until after the Hampden Syd- ney Convention of 1889. At this time it was made manifest that if Pi Kappa Alpha was ever to assume her proper place in the galaxy of fraternities, the in- terest of her alumni must be aroused. To this end, the chapters were urged to take up the work of the establishment of Alumni chapters, and the law which had heretofore restricted the number of Alumni chapters to one in each State, was repealed at the Knoxville Convention of 1892. It was not until 1892, however, that the first such chapter was es- tablished at Richmond, Va. Like the college chap- ters, these are named after the Greek letters in con- secutive order, preceded by the word “Alumnus.” In the following roll, first is given the year of forma- tion, then the name of the chapter and location, and lastly the name of some member of the chapter: -217-MANUAL 1892—Alumnus Alpha, Richmond, Va., Jas. A. Cabell. 1893—Alumnus Beta, Memphis, Tenn., W. H. Good- bar. 1893—Alumnus Gamma, White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., J. T. McAllister. 1893—Alumnus Delta, Charleston, S. C., Robert A. Smythe. 1896—Alumnus Epsilon, Norfolk, Va.. R. M. Hughes. oof Aimmus Zeta, Dillon. S.C. PE Edwards. 1897—Alumnus Eta, New Orleans. Ea. HW. D: Brag 1897—Alumnus Theta, Dallas, Tex., Robt. Hill. 1898—Alumnus Iota, Knoxville, Tenn. J. Pike Pow- SLs, r. 1902—Alumnus Kappa, Charlottesville, Va.. A. C. Jones. 1903—Alumnus Lambda, Opelika, Ala.. R. P. Bald- win, Jr. 1907—Alumnus Mu, Fort Smith, Ark. W.*S: Pons man. 1907—Alumnus Nu, Birmingham, Ala. Wm. Har- dee, ix. 1907—Alumnus Xi, Lynchburg, Va., L. A. Anderson. 1908—Alumnus Omicron, Spartanburg, S. C., B. W. lsom. 1908—Alumnus Pi, Gainesville, Ga.. D. C. Stow. -218-PI KAPPA ALPHA By States, the Alumni chapters are distributed as follows: Virginia, four; South Carolina, three; Ten- nessee and Alabama, two each; one each in West Virginia, Louisiana, Texas, Georgia, and Arkansas, a territory of nine States.MANUAL ALUMNUS CHAPTER SKETCHES. ALUMNUS ALPHA.—This chapter was brought to life in 1892 by the: alumni living in and around Richmond, Va. It was the host of the Seventh Ninth and Nineteenth Conventions, and has among its membership some of the leading men of Rich- mond. Although very active in the early days of its existence, it later subsided into a very inactive condition. On the night of November 16th, 1907, however, steps were taken toward its FEViVal: Phe meeting was held at the home of the Hon. James A. Cabell, No. 410 East Grace Street, and the chapter again placed on a solid foundation. The officers were elected as follows: President, James Alston Cabell; Vice Presiderits, E. P. Cox and T. C. Darst; Treas- urer, Henry Taylor: Secretary, S. W. Long. Besides the names mentioned, the chapter roll contains the names of Hon. B. B. Munford, E. L. Bemiss, Robert Whittet, Oscar Swineford, C. A. Boyce, and others. This chapter has been of material assistance to the active chapters in sending them new men, and was 220 =PI KAPPA ALPHA instrumental in the working up and installation of Omicron chapter at Richmond College in 1901. ALUMNUS BETA.—At the Knoxville Conven- tion of 1892, special stress was laid upon the forma- tion of Alumni chapters, and among others, Mem- phis was designated as a place for the establishment of such a chapter. ;This work was given over to F. D. Smythe, who lived at Hickory Withe, Tenn., just about three miles out of Memphis. This brother at once went to work, which resulted in the formation of the chapter on the night of March 24th, 1893, in Room No. 33, Peabody Hotel. The officers elected were Milton H. Hunt, 5. M. C.; Walter, H. Godbey, M. C.; and Frazier D. Smythe, Th.C. This chapter draws its membership from Memphis and the sur- rounding States of Tennessee, Louisiana, Mississippi and Arkansas. Among its members in Memphis are to pe: found Ws-M, -Goodpbar: M7 Ee Bunt Web. Godbey, P. H. Thompson, Llewellyn Price, W. M. Galbreath, Walter Goodman and W. Percy Biggs. Among its out of town members are Dr. E. R. Long, Dr. J. K. Howerton, Dr..W. M Anderson Fi. Scovell and EF. D: Smythe. This chapter for otic past few years has not been as active asgit might, but steps are now being taken to awaken interest -221-MANUAL and place it on a new foundation. ALUMNUS GAMMA.—This chapter was estab- lished in the early part of 1893, at White Sulphur Springs, West Va., one of the largest summer resorts of the East. None of its members lived at White Sulphur, so the membership is drawn from the sur- rounding territory. The charter was issued to T. H. mice, Jr, Ra lL. Pelford, MH. B: Arbuckle, J. A. Ar buckle, J. T. McAllister, and Frank Hopkins. Be- sige these, |. Gray MeAllister, oH. Hy Brewin and Julian Arbuckle have been added to the roll. The following officers were elected at the first meeting: President, R. L. Telford; Secretary, H. W. McLaugh- lin, and Treasurer, Frank Hopkins. The formation of this chapter was due to the efforts of Dr. H. B. Arbuckle, who at that time had just been elected Councilor Princeps. Provision was made for semi- annual meetings, and although the chapter has lost some of its prominent members, it yet maintains a strong position at White Sulphur Springs. ALUMNUS DELTA.—In September, 1893, a char- ter was issued to Robt. A. Smythe, W. M. Smith, John K. Crosswell, Daniel J. Brimm, D. Asa Black- burn, and John P. Thomas, to form Alumnus Delta, with headquarters at Charleston, $. C. Although few -222-PI KAPPA ALPHA in numbers, this chapter has done quite a deal of work for the fraternity, and holds a high place among the Alumnus chapters. ALUMNUS EPSILON.—In the Spring of 1896 a charter for the fifth Alumnus chapter was granted. This received the name of Alumnus Epsilon, and was located at Norfolk, Va. Among its members are to be found Floyd and R. M. Hughes, both of Norfolk. Owing to the efforts of these two men, this chapter has always maintained an active existence. This chapter was the host of the Fifteenth Convention of 1902, at Norfolk. On-its roll this chapter has one of the founders of the Order, L. W. Tazewell. ALUMNUS ZETA.—In the summer of 1896, ap- plication was received for a charter from a number of Alumni, living in and around Dillon, S. C. Through error, at first, this was chartered as Alumnus Eta. but was afterwards corrected. The charter members were A. S. Manning, T. W. Bethea, A. M. McNaull, P ; Bethea, B. B. Sellers. PEL Edwards, W. F. Norton, F. W. Sessions, and C. P. Leisner. Though chartered at this time, it was not until the following February that the chapter was organized under its proper name, viz.: Alumnus Zeta. At this meet- ing, on February 6th, the following officers were -223-MANUAL elected; P. H. Edwards, S. M. -C.; A. S >Mannmeg, iM. Ge fw, Bethes, 2h C.. BB. eee lers;.8. C., Av M. MeNaull, M. C. and M.S. ALUMNUS ETA.—This chapter was? organized through the efforts of Dr. Henry D. Bruns, of New Orleans. The first steps to the establishment of the chapter were taken in May, 1897, and the charter secured. - The organization meeting was held on the night of June 14th, 1897, in the office of E. L. Bemiss, No. 313 Baronne street. At the meeting the following officers were elected: S.C. Byrd, President; Ajex,. McCollum, Vice President: H.. D. Bruns: Dyeastrer; F.D. Smythe, Secretary, and. ja ye Caldwell, Correspondent. The charter members re- siding in New Orleans were H. D. Bruns, E. L. Be- miss, ©. ©. Mallard, B. F. Koeele, F. D. Smythe J. C. Barr, J. W. Caldwell and S. C. Byrd. Besides these, the following appeared as charter members who lived in the neighboring States of Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas and Alabama: Alex: -McCul- lom, J. D. Hanson, F. E. Maddox, Chas. Oberschmidt, Marshall Hicks, W. M. Anderson, T. H. Scovill, C. P. Colmerty, W. i. Gatrow, {r., A: S. Maddox,. Gis Hogan, J. W. Purifoy, and R. T. Russell. Head- quarters of this chapter were established at No. -224-PI KAPPA ALPHA 1728 Josephine street. Through this chapter, Eta chapter was revived, and Alpha Beta and Alpha Gamma established. Owing to the large number of Pi Kappa Alphas in New Orleans, this chapter has always been more or less active, and steps are now being taken to place it on a strong foundation. This chapter will entertain the next Convention of the fraternity in 1909. ALUMNUS THETA.—In the Fall of 1897, Bro. Robert Hill, Theta, received'a call to a Dallas, Tex., church, and through him Alumnus Theta was brought to life. Through this chapter all of the Alumni of Texas were enlisted under the banner, and it has done much in helping the active chapters in securing good men from the Lone Star State. On its roll are now numbered those of Alumnus Eta’s men from the State of Texas, among others Marshall and Yale Hicks, W. M. Anderson, W. H. Garrow, Jr., etc. ALUMNUS IOTA.—On the night of December 22nd, 1898, this chapter was installed at No. 1610 Bell avenue, Knoxville, Tenn., at the home of Jas. Garrett Comfort. Those present on the night of installation, including charter members, were J. R. Campbell, Jas. G. Comfort, C. J. Collins, Pj. Brisco, }, E. Borches, H. P. ljams, Dr. Howard AC tame, -225-MANUAL Jas. McCollum, Dan K. Lee, L. C. McMullin, J. J. Price, J. Pike Powers, Jr., C. A. Templeton, Edwin Wiley, and Dr. C. E. Waite. The election of officers resulted as follows: J. Pike Powers, Jr., President; C. A. Templeton, Vice-President; DK. Lee. -Treac- urer; Edwin Wiley, Secretary; Jas. G. Comfort, Guide. This chapter has always been very active and always joins with Zeta in various entertain- ments, throughout the year. This chapter was the host of the convention of 1899, and contributed much to the pleasure and enjoyment of that occa- sion. The membership has always been large, and it has been of material benefit in assisting Zeta chapter in the securing of new and desirable men. ALUMNUS KAPPA.—In the summer of 1902 Alumnus Kappa was chartered at Charlottesville, Va., the birthplace of Pi Kappa Alpha. The mem bership of this chapter is comparatively large, but owing to the proximity of an active chapter and other reasons, it has never seemed to prosper. Et- forts are now being made to reorganize it, and place it on a itm foundation. A: G. Jones, Ex-Grand Historiographer, was at its head. ALUMNUS LAMBDA.—This chapter was char- tered at Opelika, Alabama, October 9th, 1903. -226-PI:KAPPA ALPHA Though small in numbers it has always been enthu- siastic, and has aided the Alabama chapters mate- tially in gaining desirable men. Its charter members were Willis Venable, W. S. Dowell, J. D. McPhaill, Kot. Baldwin, jr, jas..G. Comtort, and- C.-L - Wa- wards. On the night of organization the following officers were elected: C. L. Edwards, President; J. D. McPhaill, Vice-President; W. S. Dodwell, Con- ductor; Jas. G. Comfort, Treasurer, and R. P. Bald- win, Jr., Secretary. ALUMNUS MU.—In the early part of July, 1907, the Alumni living in Fort Smith, Ark., decided to petition for a charter as an Alumnus chapter. This was granted, and the chapter organized September Zord, 1907. The charter members were A. ©. Parker, WoS, Pubrman, J. Wi Unies: J. ©. Ingle and Lk. Byrne. The meeting was held in the general offices of the Arkansas Central Railroad, and the following pileers elected: WS, Hdbrman, 5. Mee, 2A. Pater, io M.-C. . |e We tries, [aC oR Byrne: MC, sand M. 9.; }.:. lagle, 6, C.;-diis tue object of this chapter to enroll the alumni of Missouri, Ok- lahoma and Arkansas and to this end steps have been taken. Beside those mentioned, H. R. Carter, J. K. Ellis, S. G. Davies and C. H. Lambert are now 227-MANUAL members of the chapter. In December, 1907, the offices where Alumnus Mu held her meetings were destroyed by fire, and all TeCOras, aAnIMUtes, cice destroyed. Another place has been secured and semi- annual meetings are held. ALUMNUS NU.—tThe charter for this chapter was issued in the latter part of 1907, but owing to unavoidable delays it was not installed until January 25th, 1908, in one of the hotels of Birming- ham. This chapter has quite a number of Alumni in its territory, and hopes to enlarge its roll mate- tially in the course of a few weeks. The following are its officers: Wm. Hardie, Jr., President; J. W- Tull; - Vice-President; E. C. Morgan, Secretary; C. W. G. Alexander, Treasurer. ALUMNUS XI.—This chapter was organized on the night of November 23rd, 1907, in the law offices of Thos. J. Williams, Lynchburg, Va., with the following members: E. C. Ivey, T. P. Forbes, Wm. Murrell, Sanders Fleming, Dr. W. S. Ferguson, C. W. Langhorne, R. M. Strother, L. A. Anderson and Thomas J. Williams. The following officers were elected: E. C. Ivey, President; Thomas J. Williams, Vice-President; L. A. Anderson, Secretary and Treasurer. This chapter is located in the heart of -228-PI KAPPA ALPHA Virginia, where the fraternity has a large number of Alumni, and with the good start already made this chapter bids fair to become quite a stronghold for Pi Kappa Alpha. ALUMNUS OMICRON.—A charter for this chap- fen was issued to B. oH. Browne BW. lsom- A Be Siping, W.&. Lyles, [. Pe Pate, 1. CG. Blackwood. la ML. Brown, |. W. Brown, Po H. Pike and [7 WwW DIS J rh I Boyd. The organization of the chapter took place o 2 in the office of B. H. Brown, Spartanburg, 5. C., on ten he evening of January 21st, 1908. The following officers were elected: B. H. Brown, President; J. W. Boyd, First Vice-President; W. B. Lyles, Second Vice-President, and B. W. Isom, Secretary and Treas- urer. One of the main objects of this organization is to work up a sentiment in favor of fraternal ties so that in the near future the drastic legislation prevail- ing against them in South Carolina may be annulled. ALUMNUS PI.—In the early part of 1908 an ap- plication for a charter was received from the follow- ing Alumni at Gainesville, Ga.; W. T. Hall, A. D. Stevens, J. J. Powell, G. J. Sumners, A. 5. Johnson, D. C. Stow, Jas. Gould aud H. W. Stanton. This was granted and the chapter now forms one of the important factors of the fraternity. -229-MANUAL PROMINENT PI’S. In the following list, the names and occupation of one hundred members of the Fraternity, who have attained some degree of prominence in their respective line of work, is given. No attempt has been made to give any life sketches, and as such this is not offered. As far as possible this list has been divided into the following heads: Educators, Min- isters, Literary Men, Physicians, Commercial Men, Politicians, Athletes, and Miscellaneous: Educators. DR. E. R. LONG. Presbyterian Minister. At one Time Professor ats. W..P. U. Also later imem- ber of the faculty of Arkansas College. Now President of Arkansas College, Batesville, Ark., and prominent educator of the State. DR. W. B. MURRAH. Methodist Minister. Pres- ident of Millsaps College, Jackson, Miss., and prominently spoken of as a future Bishop of the M. E. Church, South. DR. J. GRAY McALLISTER. Presbyterian Min- ister. President Hampden Sydney College, Hampden Sydney, Va. -230-PI KAPPA ALPHA DR. ST. GEORGE TUCKER. Episcopal Missionary to Japan. President of St. Paul’s College, Tokio, Japan. DR. GEORGU SUMMEY. Presbyterian Minister. Late Chancellor S. W. P. U., Clarksville, Tenn. Now business manager Southwest Presbyterian, New Orleans, La. Dik ES JOYNES. ~ Professor. of Modern Lan. guages, South Carolina College, Columbia, 5. C. Author of French Text Books. Has been teach- ing continuously for over fifty years. Retire on the ‘‘Carnegie Retiring Fund” at the close of the session of 1907-08. PROF. F. P. DUNNINGTON. Professor of Analyt- ical Chemistry, University of Virginia, Char- lottesville, Va. PROF, R. Me BIRD. -At one: time Professor ol Chemistry at the University of Missouri. Now Professor of Undergraduate Chemistry, Univer- sity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. PROF. C. -E. WAITE. “Professor. of. Chemistry, University of Arkansas, 1888-89. Director Mis- souri,School of Mines, Rolla, Mo. Now Profes- sor of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. -231-MANUAL PROF. W. L. FLEMING. Chair of History, West Virginia University. Author of Text Books on Southern Reconstruction. Now Chair of His- tory, Louisiana State University. DR. W. D. MOONEY. Presbyterian Minister. Head Master, Mooney School, Murfreesboro, Tenn. DR. R. L. TELFORD. President Lewisburg Fe- male College, Lewisburg, W. Va. REV. J. R. HENRY. Cumberland Presbyterian Minister. Dean of the Cumberland University Theological School, Lebanon, Tenn. PROF. JOHN I. ARMSTRONG. Presbyterian Min- ister and Professor Bible History, Agnes Scott Institute, Decatur, Ga. DR: H B. ARBUCKLE. Ph.D. from John Hop. kins. Member of various Scientific Societies in this country and abroad. Professor of Chemis- try, Agnes Scott Institute, Decatur, Ga. DR. D. J. BRIMM. Presbyterian Minister, Chair of New Testament Literature, Presbyterian Seminary, Columbia, 8. C. DR. J. O. KEENER, President of Southern Univer- sity. (Now deceased). PROF. J. W. BASORE. Chair of Ancient Lang- uages, University of California, Berkely, Cal. -232-PI KAPPA ALPHA DR. ROBERTSON HOWARD. Professor of Med- icine, Georgetown University, Washington, D.-G. (Now. deceased): PROF. R. A. STEWART. Protesser of Ancient Languages, Wofford College, Spartanburg, 5. C. Now Chair of Ancient Languages, Richmond College, Richmond, Va. PROF. M. W. SCHWARTZ. Chair of Ancient Lan- guages, Millsaps College, Jackson, Miss. PROF. ALFRED ZEMBROD. Chair of Modern Lan- guages, Kentucky University. Now Professor of Modern Languages, Kentucky State College Lexington, Ky. PROF. LEON K. FRANKEL. Chair of Ancient Languages, Kentucky State College, Lexington, Ky. DR. GEO. W. HILDEBRANTE. President, Bell- vue College, Ky. PROF. C. H: KIMBROUGH. Professor of Ameri- can Literature, Cumberland University, Leba- non, Tenn. Ministers. DR. THERON H. RICE. Pastor7of the First Pres- byterian Church, Atlanta, Ga. -233-MANUAL DR. D. ASA BLACKBURN. Pastor of the Church of the Strangers, New York City. DR. WALLACE T. PALMER. Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, New Orleans, La. REV. W. M. ANDERSON. Pastor of the First Pres- byterian Church, Nashville, Tenn. REV. J. R. HOWERTON. Pastor, First Presby- terian Church, Richmond, Va. REV. R. T. NABORS. Methodist Minister, Chap- lain of Vanderbilt University. (Now deceased). REV. C. B. WILMER. At one time Rector of the Church of the Nativity, Cincinnati, Ohio. Now Rector of St. Luke’s Episcopal Church, At- lanta, Ga. REV. ROBT. HILL. Pastor of the Westminster Presbyterian Church, Dallas, Tex. One of the Board of Editors “Southwest Presbyterian.”’ REV. R. O. FLYNN. Pastor North Avenue Pres: byterian Church, Atlanta, Ga. DR. WM. 8S. JACOBS. Pastor Woodland Street Presbyterian Church, Nashville, Tenn. REV. C. W. B. HILL. Rector of the Episcopal Church, Bowling Green, Ky. REV. J. F. SMITH. Pastor First Cumberland Pres- byterian Church, Dallas, Tex. -234-PI KAPPA ALPHA DR. WM. C. BUCHANAN. Presbyterian Mission- ary at Takamatsu, Japan. W. F. HEREFORD. Cumberland Presbyterian Mis- sionary to Japan. REV. JOSEPH RENNIE. Pastor First Presbyte- rian Church, Norfolk, Va. Politicians. HON. O. W. UNDERWOOD. Congressman from Birmingham District, Alabama. HON. W. B. YOUNG. _Ex-Mayor of Clarksville, Tenn. Now leading lawyer of the city. HON. J. PIKE POWERS, JR. Election Commis- sioner and City Attorney of Knoxville, Tenn. HON. J. J. OWENS. Member of the Virginia Leg- islature. HON. F..S. TAYLOR. At one time member of the Virginia Legislature. (Now deceased). HON. BLACKBURN SMITH. Member of the Vir- ginia Legislature. HON. B. B. MUNFORD. Member of the Virginia Legislature. HON. H. R. HOUSTON. Member of the Virginia Legislature. HON. E. P. COX. Member of the Virginia Legisla- ture. -235-MANUAL HON. J. W. FISHBURNE. Member of the Vir- ginia Legislature. HON.3T. B. BAILEY. Member of the North Caro- lina Legislature. HON. C. R. PUGH. Member of the North Carolina Legislature. HON. W. F. RUCKER. Member of the North Car- lina Legislature. HON. CHAS. T. GORDON. At one time Member of the Arkansas Legislature. Leading Educa- tor of the State. (Now deceased.) HON. G. H. ALEXANDER. Member of the Ken- tucky Legislature. HON. B. H. HENDERSON. At one time Member “gof the South Carolina Legislature. (Now de- ceased.) HON. I. C. BLACKWOOD. Member of the South Carolina Legislature. HON. E. C. DOYLE. Member of the South Caro- lina Legislature. HON. F. S$. CARDEN. Member of the Tennessee Legislature. HON. R.O. PURDY. Ex-Mayor of Sumpter, S. C. HON. MARSHALL HICKS. Mayor of San An- tonio, Texas. -236-PI KAPPA ALPHA HON. M. L. DAWSON. Ex-Judge Advocate Gen- eral of Virginia. Now a leading attorney of New York City. HON. O. W. GRISHAM. District Attorney of Lou- isiana. HON. JAS. ALSTON CABELL. Deteated Can- didate for Democratic Nomination for Lieuten- ant Governor of Virginia. Prominent attorney of the State. HON. R. M. HUGHES. Prominent in Republican circles, and leading attorney of Norfolk, Va. HON. FLOYD HUGHES. Defeated Republican Candidate for Congress from Virginia. Collector at the Port of Norfolk. Prominent Attorney and politician. HON. J. L. STOREY. District Attorney of Texas. HON. W. P. KENT. Defeated Candidate for Lieu- tenant Governor of Virginia. Consul General to Guatemala. HON. J. M. BROWN. Retired Member of the Ne- braska Legislature. HON. SAM D. JONES. President of the Chamber of Commerce, Atlanta, Ga. -237-MANUAL Commercial Men. CHAS. K. PAYNE. President Payne. Shoe. Co., Charleston, W. Va. WM. ALEXANDER. At one time President, and now Secretary, of the Equitable Life Insurance Co., New York City. ROBT. A. SMYTHE. President Standard Hat Co.., Charleston, S. C. Cotton Factor, Atlanta, Ga. First Commander in Chief of the United Sons of Confederate Veterans. W. M. GOODBAR. President Goodbar Shoe Co., Memphis, Tenn. E. F. SWINNEY. President First National Bank, Kansas City, Mo. D. L. CARMICHAEL. Vice-President of the Carmi- chael Range Co., Chicago, Ill. W. M. SMITH, U.S. Engineer, Panama Canal, with headquarters in New York City. FINGAL C. BLACK. Engineer in charge of street work, Columbia, S. C. Head of the Department of Highway Construction, Rhode Island College B. W. ANDREWS. Assistant Chief, Judicial Divi- sion, Treasury Department, Washington, D. C. F. W. CLARK. Distiller, Owensboro, Ky. -238-Pl RAPRA AAP Physicians. DR. HENRY D. BRUNS. Oculist and.Eye Spe- cialist, New Orleans, La. Dh. J. F. HARRISON. -Practicmea Physician and Professor in Medical College of Alabama. DR. D. W. HARMON. Surgeon, United States Ar- my. Da. JOEN T. FRANCIS: Practicing Pitysictan, Norfolk, Va. (Now deceased). DR. ROBT, R- COPELAND: Dentist: Baltimore: Md. Literary Men. L. W. PAYNE. Assistant Editor Lippincott’s Mag- azine. C. W. COLEMAN. Author and Poet, Williamsburg, Va. EDWIN WILEY. Poet and Librarian. Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. THORNWELL JACOBS. Contributor to Southern Magazines. JOHN WISE KELLEY. Editor “Virginia Pilot,” Norfolk, Va. Athletes. Boo. (RED?) SMITH. Stat on /08 Cuniberlond Foot Ball Team. Captain and Center of All -239-MANUAL southern ’03 Foot Ball Team. M.-L. BRIDGES. lett Tackle on All Southern «0s Foot Ball Team. M. O. BRIDGES, Right Guard on All Southern ’03 Foot Ball Team. J. W. GWYNN,’ Right End on All Southern ’03 Foot Ball Team. Jj. G. CBULL”’) BROWN, Left Guard on All South- ern ’03 Foot Ball Team. Miscellaneous. P. M. SIMMS. Register Cumberland University. E. W. BLODGETT. Sugar Planter in the Philippine Islands. (Now deceased.) W. H. GODBEY. Official of Memphis & Charleston R.R., Memphis, Tent: EB. Ds GALLION. Clerk in Pension . Department. Washington, D. C. T. 5. L. BASORE. Assistant Purchasing Agent, Ten- nessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Co. THE CONCLUSION. To those who have plodded through the preced- ing pages, the author wants to extend his heartiest sympathy, and if such there be, he feels sure that they -240-PI KAPPA ALPHA indeed must be tried and true brethren in G. P. K. A. As has been said before, the writer realizes more than any one else can, the many shortcomings and defi- ciencies in this volume, but to the critic, he would say, be patient. For nearly two years this work has been in the making, and during that time every ef- fort has been made to secure accurate and definite information from which to compile this volume. In many cases this has been an impossible feat. In others it has been but partially accomplished. It must be borne in mind that during the whole forty years of the fraternity’s history, nothing in the way of an his- torical nature has been written concerning it, and all of the information obtained has been from original sources. Then, too, when it is considered that nearly all of the early history of the fraternity has been ob- tained from the old Alumni, who depended entirely on their memory for the facts, it will be more clearly seen what a stupendous task this has been. Very few, if any, of the early chapters kept any kind of re- cords even in regard to their initiates, so that this source of information has also been cut off. Strange as it may seem, several of the early chapters had no re- cords whatever, until the formation of the office of Grand Historiograpner, and their present records are -241-MANUAL due almost entirely to his persistent work, and through him and his predecessor this present volume has been made a possibility. However much may be lacking in this work, it can be safely and positively asserted that the facts herein contained are accurate. Only such material has been used as could be-depended upon without treading upon the ground of conject- ure. Where two differing accounts have been given of the same matter, every effort has been made to give the one which circumstances declared to be correct, and in some instances, where the cor- rectness could not be accurately ascertained, the par- agraphs have been omitted entirely. It is the idea of the writer that at the end of the fiftieth year of the fraternity (March Ist, 1918), a complete and accurate history of the Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity should be compiled. Such a work would be much easier after the publication of the present volume than if it had never appeared. To that end earnest criticism is invited. It is greatly desired that every member of the fraternity should consider him- self a committee of one to notify the author of any additional data or corrections in this edition. In this way, together with the assistance of the Alumni, hopes may be entertained that in ten years more a -242-PEKAPPA AicPHA semi-centennial volume may be published, which will prove to be an honor to the fraternity. The forty years covered have been full of glory to Pi Kappa Alpha. Let us hope that in those to come this may be magnified, and that no stigma of shame or re- proach may attach itself to her fair name.PLEASE RETURN TO ALDERMAN LIBRARY DUE | DUE 3/ (2 40 i {YX O01 b44 157