ILLINOI S UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN PRODUCTION NOTE University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library Brittle Books Project, 2013. COPYRIGHT NOTIFICATION In Public Domain. Published prior to 1923. This digital copy was made from the printed version held by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. It was made in compliance with copyright law. Prepared for the Brittle Books Project, Main Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign by Northern Micrographics Brookhaven Bindery La Crosse, Wisconsin 2013 Zt~ '/ Illinois State _ORATORY OF NATURAL HISTORY, URBANA, ILLINOIS. AUTIOR'S EDITION. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY. F. V. HAYDEN, U. S. Geologist-in-Charge. PAPERS ON THE INEINA AND ENTOMOSTRACA j 2COLORADO, SBY V. T. CHAMBERS. EXTRACTED FROM THE BULLETIN OF THE SURVEY, VOL. III, NO. 1. WASHINGTON, April 9, 1877. i OGT 3r 8 1977 SLIBRARY ART. VI.-THE TINEINA OF COLORADO. BY V. T. CHAMBERS. Descriptions and notes of many of these species have heretofore been published in the Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, and in the Cana- dian Entomologist. It has, however, been deemed best to give a list of the species, with brief notes upon them, in the present paper, which, with the new species now first described, presents a compendium of all that has been published upon the subject to this time. Pronuba yuccasella Riley.-Very abundant in the flowers of " soap- weed" (Yucca) as high up on the mountains as 7,000 feet, in the vicinity of Colorado Springs. Mr. Riley says (Fifth Annual Report Noxious and Beneficial Insects of Missouri, p. 151), " Front wings uniformly silvery white ", but at least half of the numerous specimens observed by me in Colorado had the wings more or less spotted with black (like Hyponomeuta, to which in the form and neuration of the wings it seems somewhat allied, though its affinities seem to be rather with the true Tineidce; it is, however, sui generis). These spots vary in number from 0 to 13, and when all are present are arranged as follows: one (the larg- est) at the end of the disk, with three others before it, making a cof- fin-shaped figure; one on the dorsal margin before the cilia; and eight others around the apex. The one at the end of the cell is found oftener than any of the others, and those around the apex oftener than the other four. The expanse of wings is given by Mr. Riley at 1.00 inch for the 9 and 0.90 inch for the a . The largest 9 specimen observed by me scarcely exceeded 10 lines and the smallest & was scarcely 6 lines, so that it seems to attain a greater development of wings in the East than in the West, contrary to the rule said by Prof. Baird, Dr. Packard, and others to prevail among other insects and birds. A large proportion of the seed-pods examined by me, fully one-third, showed no trace of the larva. Anesychia mirusella Chain. (Can. Ent., vol. vi, p. 233).-First described from Texas, from numerous specimens, all of which seem to have been somewhat faded, or are a little different from the Colorado specimens. In these, the outer surface of the second joint of the palpi is dark- brown, the inner surface white; third joint white, with the tip and a wide annulus in the middle brown; antennae fuscous; head, thorax above , and patagia white; a brown spot on the middle of the anterior margin of the thorax, and four others, two on each side, one of them about the 121 122 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. middle and the other before the tip; costal margin and dorsal half of the fore wings white; a wide brownish-ocherous basal streak occupying the remaining portion of the wing from base to tip. In the white of the dorsal margin before the middle is a small brown spot, and there are some others extending around the apex, four of them on the dorsal, three on the costal side; cilia white; hind wings and cilia pale fuscous; abdomen stramineous; anal tuft yellow; legs sordid grayish-white. Ex- panse of wings, 11 inch. Edgerton, among oaks; altitude, 6,500 feet. A. discostrigella n. sp.-Allied to the preceding species, but having the fore wing of nearly the same general color with the wide basal streak of that species, and the margins not white; this color may perhaps be called a purplish-gray, with a slight ocherous tinge in this species, and it is sprinkled with white. The scales are fine. A white streak extends along the fold, and contains three blackish streaks, the first near the base, the last about the middle. Above the fold is a narrow, wavy, blackish line, margined with white, ending, at the end of the cell, in a distinct blackish spot, beneath which is a white spot, margined behind by another small black spot, and a row of black spots around the base of the cilia, which are white. Head and upper surface of thorax white, with a black spot on the anterior margin of the thorax, a small one on each of the patagia, and two others (one about the middle, and before the tip on each side of the thorax); antennae with alternate annulations of white and black, the white prevailing in the basal and the black in the apical portions; palpi white, the second joint dusted externally with black, with a black annulus near the tip, and the tip of the third joint blackish; abdomen and anal tuft ocherous-yellow; legs blackish on the anterior, and ocherous-yellow on the hinder surface. Expanse of wings, 1 inch. Edgerton, among oaks; altitude, 6,500 feet. To the naked eye, the fore wings appear of a watery-gray or leaden hue, with a roy of white spots along the middle, each margined by one or two smaller blackish spots, and a row of black spots around the apex. Nothris ? bimaculella n. sp.-Third joint of palpi slender and much longer than the second, pointed; second joint with a brush, as in N. verbascella; hind wings trapezoidal, wide, not incised beneath the tip. Pale creamy-yellow, with a silky luster, with a minute brown spot on the fold and one at the end of the cell; outer surface of the second joint of palpi fuscous. Expanse of wings, 8 lines. Edgerton, in June. iarpalyce tortricella Cham. (Can. Ent., vol. vi, p. 235).-A single dam- aged specimen was taken among scrub-oaks. I am convinced, however, that it is identical with the Texas species. This generic name, of course, cannot stand. How Icame to overlook the fact that it was pre-occupied among Geometridce, by Stephens, need not now be explained. Plutella cruciferarum Auct.-Captured on Berthoud's Pass. Altitude about 11,500 feet. CHAMBERS ON TINEINA OF COLORADO. Gelechia serratipalpella n. sp.-From the peculiar structure of the palpi,, this species will probably be excluded from the true Gelechia; they re- semble those of G. gallcesolid aginis Riley, except that the scales along the lower edge or surface are arranged like the teeth of a saw, more especially those of the second joint, as in gallcesolidaginis, both the second and third joints are laterally compressed, the third joint having a blade-like form. In this species, the tip of the third joint projects as a minute point beyond the scales. Hind wings sharply emarginate be- neath the tip, and again a little so behind the anal angle (that is, there is a slight projection, or tooth, between the tip and the anal angle, and another very little one at the anal angle). Both pairs of wings rather narrow. Palpi, head, thorax, and antenne gray (under a lens of higher power they appear pale-gray, dusted with brown), with one or two faintly-indicated pale gray annuli on the palpi, and the antennae are alternately annulate with pale gray and brown. Fore wings pale orange-yellow, the base and the dorsal margin to and around the apex gray;. cilia of the costal margin and the extreme costal margin to the base also gray; base of the cilia dusted with brown, and the orange- yellow of the apical part of the wings is also sparsely dusted with brown. At the base of the wing, the gray portion is externally margined with brown, and the gray of the hind margin sends three small projections, or teeth, into the yellow. One of these projections is beneath the fold before the middle of the wing-length; the others are above the fold, one of them about the middle of the wing-length, and the other a little far- ther back. Each of these projections is tipped with brown scales, and immediately behind the last one the usual costal and dorsal spots, the dorsal being the largest, are indicated by a paler gray than that of the surrounding portion of the wing. In the cilia, at the apex of the wing, is a small brown spot, and there are one or two others before it in. the costal cilia. Hind wings pale leaden-gray, with pale stramineous cilia. Legs and abdomen gray, the tarsi annulate with white. Lower surface of abdomen pale-gray; anal tuft white. Expanse of wings, 71 lines. Edgerton, in July. G. pedmontella n. sp.-Resembles the preceding species somewhat structurally and slightly in the pattern of ornamentation. Palpi but little compressed laterally; third joint not blade-like, but with the point projecting, as in the preceding, species; second joint serrated, but less distinctly so than in serratipalpella. Both pair of wings rather narrow, the hind pair sharply emarginate beneath the apex, but the margin not toothed. Palpi dark reddish-brown, marked with white, especially along the upper and inner surface of the second joint, and forming an indistinct annulus on the third joint. Head, upper surface of thorax, and the antennae rich brown. Fore wings red-brown or maroon color, sparsely dusted with dark-brown on the disk, but densely so along the margins, especially in the apical part of the wing, where brown is the prevailing hue and is dusted with white. ; cilia of the hind margin of a 123 124 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. pale smoky hue. Hind wings pale leaden-gray, with stramineous cilia; abdomen above of the same hue with the fore wings, but paler, and the under surface gray and reddish-brown mixed; anal tuft silvery-gray; legs and tarsi dark reddish-brown or brown, the tarsi annulate with white. Expanse of wings, % inch. Edgerton, June. G. glycyrhizceella n. sp.-I hesitate about giving this species this spe- cific name, because of some doubt whether it really feeds on Glycyrhiza lepidota, although it-a single specimen-and only it, came from a col- lection of leaves of that plant, with larva of a Gelechia feeding on them. The larva and their mode of feeding seemed to me to be identical with others feeding on an allied plant, Anmorpha fruticosa, and from which I bred the very different species described (post) as G. amorpheella. In ornamentation, this species resembles that just described (G. ped- montella), but is paler, larger, and with wider wings, and the palpi are very different, not being at all compressed or serrated; the second joint is brush-like and longer than the third; hind wings emarginate beneath the apex. Second joint ocherous, paler on the inner side, brownish on the outer surface; third joint brown, with a whitish line along the inner surface; head ocherous, each scale tipped with blackish; antenna brown; upper surface of thorax and fore wings yellowish-ocherous, the wings dusted densely with brown and somewhat with white along both margins, the dusted portion on the dorsal margin wider than that on the costal margin; cilia whitish or pale ocherous, dusted with fuscous, the dusting forming three hinder marginal lines, one before and one behind the mid- dle of the cilia, and a fainter one at the tip; hind wings of a pale leaden hue, with pale stramineous cilia. Upper surface of abdomen and anal tuft ocherous, the under surface of the abdomen ocherous, dusted with fuscous, as are also the legs and tarsi. Expanse of wings, 8 lines. Ed- gerton, July and August. G, amorphicella n. sp.-Bred from larva sewing together the termina- leaves of young specimens of Amorpha fruticosa, and, as stated above, supposed to be the same larva found feeding in the same way on Glycy rhiza lepidota. It may therefore turn out, either that these four speci- mens did not come from the larva feeding on An orpha, or that the species described above did not come from the larva on Glycyrhiza. Second joint of the palpi brush-like; hind wings slightly emarginate. Dark steel-gray, with two minute darker spots, one on the disk, the other at the end of the cell; under surface of abdomen yellowish. Ex- panse of wings, 8, lines. Edgerton, July and August. Larva.-lead and next segment pale straw-color, the hind margin of the first segment brown, and with two small black spots on top of each of the first three or four segments; five longitudinal pale purplish stripes beginning on the second segment. It becomes bright pinkish-red be- fore becoming a pupa. A captured specimen which I believe belongs to this species has the head and palpi paler than the thorax. CHAMBERS ON ,TINEINA OF COLORADO. G. cequipulvella Cham. (Can. Ent., vol. iv, p. 192).-Two specimens taken at Edgerton in June. A widely-distributed species, having been hereto- fore described from Kentucky, Texas, and California. It is possible, however, that two closely-related species have been co nfounded by me. G. roseosuffusella Clem. (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860).-Rare in Colorado. Two specimens taken at Edgerton in July. As widely dis- tributed as the preceding. G. monumentella n. sp.-Second joint of palpi with the scales thick- ened beneath, hind wings excised beneath the tip. Pale ocherous, irro- rate with pale gray, with several small fuscous specks on the fore wings, two of which are on the fold, and a series of indistinct ones around the base of the cilia; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh segments of the abdo- men fuscous on top, and segment pale straw-color; tarsi brown, annulate with whitish; hind wings pale fuliginous. Expanse of wings, 6 lines. Monument Park, June. G. trilineella n. sp.-Second joint of the palpi with a divided brush, the scales of the brush longest at the base and gradually shortening to the apex; third joint rather slender, pointed, and about as long as the second. Hind wings excised beneath the tip. Grayl; face and inner surface of palpi pale or whitish-gray; thorax gray, with a narrow line along its middle,_ and one at the patagia darker gray. Upper surface of the fore wings suffused with whitish-gray, with three short black streaks, one of which is about the middle of the fold, another (sometimes this one is inter- rupted) about the middle of the disk, and one at the end of it; sometimes this latter one s absent. At about the apical third of the wing-length is a dark spot or streak of irregular form and not very definitely outlined, and behind it an angulated fascia, formed by the usual opposite costal and dorsal spots touching or nearly touching each other, is indicated by a paler or whitish-gray pbrtion of the wing; it is much more distinct in some specimens than in others; behind it, nearly to the apex, the wing is darker than before it, but becomes wh itish again around the apex, with an indistinct dark spot at the apex. Cilia gray, with a dark hinder marginal line at their base, and dusted with dark scales. In some spec- imens, the courses of the veins beyond the cell in the dark apical por- tion are indistinctly marked by still darker lines. Scarcely any two specimens are alike in the marks on, the wings, some being much darker than others; some have a distinct fascia, nearly straight; in others, it is angulated, or not distinct, and in some only traces of the opposite cos- tal and dorsal spots are visible, and in some the hinder marginal line is not distinct from the dusting of the cilia. In all my specimens, however, the black longitudinal lines on the fold and disk are distinct. Hind wings pale fuscous or smoky, with pale stramineous cilia; abdomen pale yellowish above, pale gray dusted with darker scales beneath; legs gray ; tarsi annulate with white. Expanse of wings, 8 lines. Edgerton, in July. It shows strong affinities with G. depressostrigella Cham. from Texas. 125 126 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. G. ? ocelella n. sp.-Secondjoint of palpi with a tuft, as in the 9 Anarsia, except that it does not project quite so far forward; something between that of Anarsia and Chelaria, as figured in Ins. Brit., v. 3. Hind wings slightly emarginate beneath the apex; third joint of palpi smooth and pointed, and as long as the second antenne, slender, simple, with close- set joints, not denticulate. Basal half of outer surface of second joint of palpi blackish, apical half whitish, the two colors distinctly marked, and not shading into each other; inner surface pale gray; third joint pale gray, except the outer surface at the tip, which is blackish; antenna dark gray; head, thorax, and fore wings pale gray, the course of the veins beyond the cell distinctly marked by dark lines, the discal cell dark gray, with a nearly circular disk, central whitish spot containing a dark gray pupil; abdomen pale gray above, whitish beneath, with a dark line along each side; on the upper surface of each of the first three segments are two ocherous yellow spots separated by a dark gray line; legs brownish. Expanse of wings, 9 lines. A single 9 taken at Edgerton in July. G. ? anarsiella n. sp.-This species, which is quite common about Edgerton in June and July, has very much the appearance of an Anarsia, though the brush of the second joint of the palpi scarcely projects enough in front, being almost exactly as in G. ocellella (supra). Eight specimens before me are all 9 . I have not seen the male. The antennm are slender and not denticulated. The neuration of the hind wings is the same with Mr. Stainton's figure (Ins. Brit., v. iii) of thatof G. rufescens, except that in this species the cell is closed; that of the fore wings is identical with Nothris verbascella. A worn specimen of this species (?) was also taken at Twin Lakes, altitude 10,000 feet. The hind wings are sharply emarginate beneath the tip. Dark steel- gray except a whitish spot on the second joint of the palpi; white annulations on the tarsi and two or three microscopic whitish specks or white scales scattered over the wings, and the cilia are pale-gray, dusted with dark gray or blackish scales. Hind wings of a bluish smoky hue, with paler cilia. Expanse of wings, 71 lines. G. ochreostrigella n. sp.-Palpi robust, not very long, with the scales of the second joint divided beneath, but scarcely forming a brush; third joint with the tip suddenly sharpened; hind wings emarginate beneath the tip. Several attempts to describe this species without looking at the pre- vious trials have each given a different account of the wings. Under a strong lens, the color appears to be hoary, almost white, but so densely dusted with brownish as to obscure the ground-color, and streaked with ocherous; under a lower power, it appears pale grayish, tinged with ocherous, and with the ocherous streaks still distinct, and with some short blackish streaks; while to the naked eye it appears very pale gray, tinged with ocherous. Under the lens, the two most distinct ocherous streaks are one along the fold and one from the base within the costal CHAMBERS ON TINEINA OF COLORADO. margin, and'one along the hinder portion of the cell, which contains two small dark spots, one of which is at the end of the cell; both of these spots, however, are sometimes wanting. Hind wings pale grayish, with stramineous cilia. Antenne whitish, annulate with brown. Head and thorax of the general hue of the wings or more ocherous; outer surface of the second joint of palpi densely dusted with brownish, and two brownish annuli on the third joint. Expanse of wings, 61lines. Edger- ton, June. G. bicostomaculella n. sp.-Palpi slender and simple; antennae robust, with the joints very distinct; hind wings scarcely emarginate beneath the apex. Second joint of palpi pale yellow, marked externally with fuscous; third joint fuscous, with the tip and an annulus about the middle yellow; antennae fuscous, annulate with yellow ; face yellow; vertex and thorax brown. Fore wings pale creamy-yellow, with a silky luster, very sparsely (microscopically) dusted with fuscous, with the base, a small tri- angular costal spot before the middle, and a large one behind the mid- dle brown, and a line of brown scales around the apex. Hind wings paler than the fore wings; abdomen and legs pale yellowish, the tarsi annulate with brown, and the tibia stained with fuscous on the outer sur- face. Expanse of wings, 7 lines. Edgerton, in July. G. triocellella n. sp.-Second joint of palpi with a spreading brush; third joint about as long as second; posterior wings incised beneath the tip. Brownish-gray; second joint of palpi white on inner and upper surfaces; third joint with a large white spot on top about the middle and a minute one close to the apex; antennae annulate with whitish. On the fore wing are three ocellated spots, one on the disk, one at the end of the disk, and one on the fold; they are ocherous, with a brown pupil; a small ocherous basal streak near to the costal margin; hind wings pale grayish, with a slight fuscous tinge; legs and under surface of the body whitish, densely dusted with gray-brown. Expanse of wings, inch. The ocellated spots on the' fore wings are indistinct to the naked eye. It is the most common ' micro " about Edgerton in June. G. concihnisella Cham.-Formerly described from Texas (Cin. Quar. Jour., vol. ii, p. 253). By some mistake the alar expanse is there stated to be 3-16th inch; it should be 9-16th. It may prove to be identical with G. apicistrigella Cham. from Kentucky, but I think not. Apicistrigella is silvery white, suffused with pale yellowish, while this species has the fore wings suffused with fuscous, especially the apical half, but it is white at the apex, while apicistrigella has the apex suffused with reddish- ocherous. In apicistrigella there are three short white costal streaks following the long oblique one; in this specimen there are only two,, which are scarcely visible (owing to denudation ?) in the Texas speci- mens. The "apical spot, or dash ", is just within the dorsal margin, not strictly at the apex, and margins posteriorly the white of the apex. Ed- gerton, June. 127 128 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. G. collinusella n. sp.-Thorax, head, palpi, and antennae white, the outer surface of the second joint of the palpi with two small patches of brownish dusting, the antenne annulate with brown, and the thorax faint- ly stained with pale yellowish. Fore wings very pale yellow, almost whit- ish, with three whitish fasciae not very distinct from the surrounding parts of the wing, except by the brownish scales with which they are dusted; the first is about the basal fourth, the second about the middle, and the third just before the cilia, and each of the first two contains a small brownish spot placed just above the fold; apex and cilia sparsely dusted with brownish scales. Hind wings pale fuscous, with paler cilia excised beneath the tip. Abdomen pale fuscous above, white beneath; anal tuft white. Expanse of wings, nearly 8 lines. Foot-hills near Edgerton; altitude about 7,000 feet. G. gallcesolidaginis Riley.-Specimens bred from galls in Solidago gathered in Middle Park (altitude 8,000 feet) in August are smaller and with the markings much less distinct than those from the Mississippi Valley. See remarks in Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci.,vol. ii, p. 290. G. 10-maculella Cham. (Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. ii, p. 290); G. 4-macu- lella Cham. (Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. ii, p. 290); G. 8-maculella Cham. (Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. ii, p. 291); G. albimarginella Cham. (Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. ii, p. 291).-All captured at Spanish Bar in July and Au- gust; not met with elsewhere except a few specimens of the last two taken in Middle Park. G. ribesella Cham. (Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. ii, p. 290).-A pretty spe- cies, the larva of which sews together the leaves of the red wild cur- rant in the mountains. Altitude, 8,500 feet. Larv of Gelechia.-Several larvae of this species were met with which I did not succeed in rearing to the imago. One of these feeds on the leaves of Thermopsis montana, sewing many of them together in a bunch. It is pale greenish-white, head stramineous, next segment pale stramineous, and has five greenish-yellow or sometimes almost reddish longitudinal stripes extending over the other segments. Another when very small mines, and when older sews together, leaves of Physalia viscosa. It has the head and next segment piceous, and on each of the other segments six minute black spots (two behind the other four), and in the latter part of June is one-fourth inch long. Young specimens scarcely show the black spots. It is at first pale green- ish, then becomes bright apple-green, and when full grown the head and upper surface of the next segment are ferrugineous, divided on the segment into two spots, that segment and the next one being bright ap- ple-green and the remaining segments purple. I have little doubt that it is the larva of G. physaliella Cham., heretofore described from Ken- tucky. Another feeds on oak-leaves. Head and next segment reddish stra- mineous or pale ferrugineous. Next three segments green, remainder CHAMBERS ON TINEINA OF COLORADO. yellowish-white, four small black spots on each segment, and six lon- gitudinal purplish lines. Another was taken at the highest altitude at which any Lepidop- terous larva was observed; that is, at an altitude of nearly 12,000 feet. The timber-line on Mount Elbert, where this larva was found, is given by Hayden (Report, 1873) as 11,871, but the dwarfed and stunted wil- lows usually extend along the courses of the little rivulets some feet higher than timber-line as popularly understood (that is, the limit of growth of trees-pines and aspens). Feeding on the leaves of these dwarfed willows, and sewing them together in little bundles, I found this larva, but, unfortunately, did not succeed in rearing it (one pupa still living may produce an imago next spring). It is at first green, but as the larva gets older it becomes dark olive-green, with the black tuber- cular spots placed 4-2. Head and upper surface of next segment black. It attains about one-half inch in length. Another larva sews together leaves of aspens, and is found up to the extreme limit of the growth of that tree. The head and thorax are dark brown, the other segments purplish-brown, with black tubercular spots placed as in the last species (supra), and with six longitudinal white lines extending over the other segments; length over two-thirds of an inch. Another, or probably a younger stage of the same larva, has the head and next segment pale stramineous and the other segments paler. Another, found also sewing together aspen-leaves, but possibly the larva of a Tortrix, is greenish-white, with a spot on each side of each seg- ment piceous; length, three-fourths of an inch. (Ecophora boreasella Chain. (Can. Ent., vol. v, p. 189).-From near Cov- ington, Ky., :altitude about 1,200 feet; London, Ontario, Canada; and Belleview Mountain, near Idaho Springs, Colorado, altitude about 10,000 feet. (E. 4-maculella Chain. (Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. ii, p. 292).-From Spanish Bar. Glyphipteryx montisella Chaim. (Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. ii, p. 292).-A handsome and very variable species, taken in large numbers in July and August at Spanish Bar, feeding on flowers of Helianthus and Heliopsis; altitude, 7,800 feet. The food-plant of the larva is unknown. A single specimen which I believe to belong to this species was observed but not captured on Mount Elbert, at an altitude of about 10,000 feet. Lithariapteryx abroniceella Chain. (Can. Ent., vol. viii).-Among all the little gems (Litharia) of the entomological world, a large proportion of which belong to the Tineina, I know of none that surpass this species in the beauty and elegance of its adornment. As a mere object of beauty for the low powers of the microscope (say 5 to 10 diameters), it is almost unrivaled. It is also interesting structurally, for its relation to four other genera of Glyphipterygidw, being about equally related to Glyphipteryx, Aichmia, Perittia, and Tinagma. The imago is fond of 9 BULL 129 130 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. the bright sunshine of July and August, and may be found especially in the afternoon fluttering about the food-plant of the larva, the fragrant Abronia (A.fragrans), the leaves of which are mined by the larva. A more detailed.account of it is given in the Canadian Entomologist. Argyresthia montella n. sp.--FPace and palpi yellowish; tuft and tho- rax white; antennae fuscous, annulate with white; fore wings fuscous, the apical portion indistinctly dusted with white, and with indistinct short, white, costal streaks before the apex, each dark-margined before; the dorsal margin is white as far as the fold, and very faintly dusted; no dorsal fuscous streak ; there is a row of fuscous scales around the base of the cilia, which at the apex have to the naked eye the appearance of a minute spot. Hind wings, cilia, and upper surface of the abdomen pale grayish; under surface of the wings grayish-fuscous, and tuft whitish; legs whitish, the tarsi stained with yellowish. Expanse of wings, 7 lines. Among scrub-oaks at Edgerton in July. A. quercicolella n. sp.--Palpi, head, thorax, and antennae white, the antennam dusted with brown. Fore wings pale saffron-yellow (in some lights pale golden), with the basal fourth of the dorsal margin white, terminating in an oblique white dorsal streak, which crosses the fold ; there is also a basal white streak,.which extends along the fold to the dorsal oblique streak, so that with the white of the dorsal margin it incloses a basal streak of the pale saffron hue between the fold and the dorsal margin; the oblique dorsal streak is dark-margined both before and behind. The basal white streak along the margin is sometimes faintly dark-margined internally, and the one along the fold is sometimes dark- margined on both sides. Behind the middle of the wing is an oblique, white fascia, which is nearest to the base on the dorsal margin, and is dark-margined both before and behind; the space before it as far as the dorsal oblique streak is suffused with fuscous, and the costal half of the fascia is sometimes dusted with fuscous. The apical part of the wing is rather densely dusted with fuscous, and has two small white costal spots, and a dorsal one placed opposite to the first of the two, giving the appearance of a fascia, the middle of which is dusted with fuscous. Sometimes all these spots are small and inconspicuous, and the apical half of the wing is dusted with white and fuscous intermixed. Cilia pale fuscous, with the tips and a hinder marginal line at the base dark brown. Hind wings pale fuscous; both fore and hind wings dark fuscous beneath. Under surface of the body white; legs yellowish- white; upper surface of abdomen pale fuscous, with a bluish tinge. Expanse of wings, 5 lines. The neuration of the hind wings is like that of A. nitidella, as figured in Ins. Brit. vol. iii; the, fore wings have the apical vein furcate, as in A. arcenthina (loc. cit.), but have five instead of four veins beneath it. Edgerton, in June, among scrub-oak. A. altissimella n. sp.-Of a leaden hue, except that the vertex is whit- CHAMBERS ON TINEINA OF COLORADO. 131 ish, the antennae annulate with white, the palpi are a little darker than the general hue, except the under surface of the second joint, which is whitish. Cilia paler than the wings. Expanse of wings, scant 6 lines In some lights, the fore wings appear silvery or pale golden. Taken in July, among dwarf willows, on the side of Mount Elbert. Altitude, 11,000 feet. A. pedmontella n. sp.-Resembles A. bglangerella Cham. closely, and possibly a larger series of specimens might connect them. Head and appendages white, the antennae annulate with brown; thorax white; fore wings grayish-brown above the fold, white beneath it, the white sparsely sprinkled with grayish-brown, but in the apical part of the wing the grayish-brown is densely dusted with white; about the middle of the dorsal margin, the white is interrupted by a slightly oblique brown, nearly square spot, which extends to the fold, and is faintly out- lined by whitish margins across the fold as far as the middle of the wing; there are three or four very indistinct whitish costal streaks in the apical part of the wing, scarcely distinguishable from the white dust- ing of that portion. A brown streak extends around the apex at the base of the cilia, interrupted by two small white spots on the dorsal margin, and by one on the costal margin, and with another one before it. (Perhaps it would be as correct to say that a row of alternate brown and white spots extends around the base of the cilia,.becoming fainter the farther we proceed away from the apex.) Cilia fuscous, with an in . distinct whitish hinder marginal line about their middle; hind wings grayish-fuscous, with paler cilia; abdomen fuscous; legs brown on their anteroir, white on their posterior surfaces. Expanse of wings, 6 lines. Edgerton, in July, among oaks. A. gaedartella ? Linn.-This species was first recorded from this coun- try by me on the strength of a single specimen received by me from M. Blanger, taken at Quebec; and I then noted some points in which it seemed to differ from gedartella as described by Mr. Stainton. I have found it abundant in the mountains among willows and alders, and one specimen was taken among willows on the side of Mount Elbert at an altitude of about 11,000 feet. A. gaedartella feeds in Europe on birch, and it is possible that the American insects which I have placed in the spe- cies may belong to a new species closely allied to gedartella, or it may be a mere variety of anduegiella. A. anduegiella ? F. v. R.-Taken at Edgerton in July among scrub-oak. In all my specimens there is a short basal streak slightly diverging from the costa, and the second fascia is produced along the middle of the apical part of the wing nearly to the apex, where it is furcate, one branch going to each margin, and both branches connected by a distinct golden-brown hinder marginal line around the base of the cilia, which are tipped with golden brown. The first fascia is dark-margined on each side, the vertex is white, and the face and palpi are pale yellow- 132 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. ish. In these respects they seem to differ from Mr. Stainton's descrip- tion- of anduegiella and from Dr. Clemens's description of oreasella, which Mr. Stainton says is the same species; but I have little doubt they belong to that species, though the absence of apple and thorn bushes, on which anduegiella feeds, from that region, and the fact that these specimens were found among oaks, might suggest a doubt. Gracilaria' alnivorella Cham. (Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. ii, p. 298) ; G alnicolella Cham. (Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. ii, p. 298).-Both species feed in the larval state upon leaves of the black alder (A lnus sp. 1) as far up on the mountain-sides as those plants are found-over 10,000 feet. G. acerifoliella Cham. (Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. ii, p. 299).-The larva feeds upon the bush-maple up as high as the food-plant is found, say nearly 10,000 feet. G. populiella Cham. (Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. ii, p. 301).-The larva feeds on leaves of aspen up to over 10,000 feet altitude. G. negundella Cham. (Can. Ent., vol. viii, p. 18).-The larva feeds upon leaves of the box-elder at Denver; altitude, 4,500 feet. No doubt, it will be found in the states east of the plains. G. ribesella Cham.-This species is known only in the larval condi- tion. It folds the leaves of the red wil d currant so that the folded leaf resembles exactly one folded by Gelechia ribesella. G. thermopsella Cham. (Cin. Quar. Jour., loc. cit.).-The larva mines leaves of Thermopsis montana. The mine is like that of G. (Parectopa) robiniella Clem., which the imago resembles. The relationship of this species to G. bosquella Cham., G. (Parectopa) robiniella Clem., and G. (Parectopa) lespidegcefoliella Clem., affords a parallel to that of Lithocolletis robiniella Clem., L. amp hicarpeceella Cham., L. amorphceella Cham., and L. texana Zell., mentioned on a subsequent page. In each genus, four very closely allied species are found feeding on allied genera of Leguminosce. The species of each genus are closely allied, not only structurally and in ornamentation, but in larval habits and the character of mines made by the larve in the leaves. The resemblance in ornamentation, however, is perhaps scarcely so close between the four Gracilarice as between the four species of Lithocolletis (vide post, Lithocolletis amorphceella, &c.). Corisceum, sp. indet.-Fifteen mines and larvae of a species of this genus were met with in Cheyenne Caion, but all died after spinning their cocoons. They were found upon a single bush of scrub-oak. The mine is on the upper surface, and is a fac simile of that made by C. albanotella Cham. on the under surface of white oaks in Kentucky. It is, however, a different species, I think. Corisceum may be considered as a Gracilaria with tufted palpi. Ornit.-This genus is also very closely allied to Gracilaria, differing from it mainly in its plainer colors and tufted vertex. CHAMBERS ON TINEINA OF COLORADA. 0. prunivorella Cham. (Can. Ent., vol. v, p. 50).-Described originally from Kentucky, but it is also found mining leaves of the wild cherry in the mountains up at least to 8,000 feet altitude. Gracilaria and its allies are common everywhere, but seem to be especially numerous, both in individuals and species, in the mountains. Coleophora argentialbella Cham. (Can. Ent., vol. vii, p. 75).--Formerly described from Texas. Taken also at Edgerton, Colo., amnong scrub- oak; altitude, 6,000 feet. C. bistrigella Chain. (loc. cit. sup.).--Also originally described from Texas. A better description of it, however, will be found in Can. Ent., vol. ix. Taken in company with C. argentialbella. C. basistrigella n. sp.-Antenm simple; second joint of palpi with a minute tuft. Second joint of palpi white, marked with blackish scales on the outer surface; third. joint with a blackish line beneath. Head whitish; antennae and upper surface of thorax sordid grayish or pale fuscous; patagia and margins of thorax whitish. Fore wings pale egg-yellow, with a white streak from the base along the fold to the basal third of the wing-length; then leaving the fold, it passes back- ward above it as far as the end of the cell, the basal portion along the fold being margined beneath by a narrow brown line, and containing a small dark brown spot just before its end. The fore wings are narrowly margined along both the costal and dorsal margins from base to apex with white, the basal half of the white margins being narrowly mar- gined internally by a line of brown scales, and the apical half by a series of brown dots or short lines. Hind wings pale grayish-fuscous; cilia of both wings pale stramineous. Abdomen brown above, whit- ish beneath, and tuft whitish. Hind legs yellowish, with tibia pale egg-yellow, and tarsi white. Legs of first and second pair fuscous on the anterior surfaces, with the joints and tarsi white. Expanse of wings, 61 lines. South Park, in July; altitude, 9,500 feet. A pretty and sin- gularly-marked species. C. artemisicolella n. sp.-Second joint of palpi with a small tuft ; basal joint of antennae a little enlarged. Whitish, in some lights showing a faint ocherous tinge, and the fore' wings well dusted with brown scales. Head, thorax, and palpi but little dusted ; antenna white, annulate with fuscous; abdomen brown above, paler beneath; anal tuft yellowish silvery; legs fuscous on their anterior surfaces. Expanse of wings, 71 to 8 lines. Common in July about Twin Lakes up to about 10,000 feet altitude among sage-brush (Artemisia), upon which probably the larva feeds. C. luteocostella Cham. (Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. ii, p. 294).-From Spanish Bar. C. sparsipulvella Cham. (Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. ii, p. 294).-From Spanish Bar. Bedellia somnulentella St.-Common in Europe and America. The 133 134 BULLETIN UNITED STA'TES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. larva mines the leaves of morning-glory (Iporcea). I have found it in Colorado at an altitude of over 6,000 feet. Cosmopteryx montisella Chain. (Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. ii, p. 297).- One of the prettiest species of this splendid genus. Batrachedra clemensella n. sp.-Six specimens (2 & 4 9) taken at Colorado Springs in June differ so much from two others (1 & 1 9) taken in the valley of the Upper Arkansas on Cottonwood Creek, near Mount Harvard, in July, that I fail to recognize them as of the same species, while the resemblance is such as to make their separation as distinct species hazardous. I have not seen B. salicipominella Clem., but I cannot recognize either of these forms in his description. Neither have I seen B. prceangusta Hw., and the description in Ins. Brit., vol. iii (necessarily very brief in a work of that character), is my only means of determining whether my specimens belong to that species. Before I found the specimens from the Upper Arkansas, I had doubtfully re ferred those from Colorado Springs to prceangusta ; but the resemblance of the specimens from Colorado Springs to those from the Arkansas is such that I am unwilling to separate them, while the latter differ so much from the description of prceangusta (loc. cit.) that I am equally unwilling to unite them. Both forms were found among cottonwoods, poplars, and willows. B. prwangusta is said to sew together the leaves of poplars, while salicipomonella feeds, according to Mr. Walsh, as quoted by Dr. Clemens (Proc. Ent. Soc., Phila., vol. v), in Dipterous and Teuthredinous galls in willow-leaves. Great numbers of these galls were found in wil- low-leaves from the foot of the mountains nearly up to timber-line, and in a few of them a Lepidopterous larva was found, but I have been unable to find my notes upon it, and cannot say whether it is the same described by Mr. Walsh or not. So, likewise, the leaves of cottonwoods, aspens, and willows are sewed together by Lepidopterous larva up to the limit of the growth of those trees; but none of these larvae agree at all with Mr. Walsh's description of the larvae of salicipomonella. Some of them are larvae of Gelechia; some, I think, belong to the Tortricidce. One of them, a greenish-white larva, with the head and a spot on each side of each segment piceous, approaches nearer to the larva described by Walsh than any of the others. B. salicipomonella evidently resembles prceangusta (as indeed Dr. Clemens states) closely; and in view of the doubt which seems to rest on the food-plant of prceangusta, and of the habits of the larve of salicipomonella which (on a very similar larva) Mr. Walsh found not only in the two species of galls ab ove mentioned, but also on oak- leaves, I would suggest that all, including the Rocky Mountain species, may belong to one variable species, but for the fact that Mr. Stainton, who has seen both prceangusta and salicipomonella, makes no question (Staint., ed. Clem., pass., p. 261) of their specific difference. The specimens taken at Colorado Springs (prceangusta ?) are sordid or ochreous white, dusted with dark grayish-brown or blackish scales, the CHAMBERS ON TINEINA OF COLORADO. dusting almost equally dispersed over the head, thorax, and fore wings, but in fresh specimens it appears to be a little more dense above than below the fold, and is not quite so dense on the head. Palpi of the general hue, the second joint dark brown externally, with the tip and a band across the middle whitish third joint with two annuli, and the extreme tip fuscous; antennae of the general hue, annulate with fuscous to a point beyond the middle, and thence to the tip fuscous, with only four or five wide whitish annuli. (Thus far the species from the Arkansas agree with those from Colorado Springs, except that the former have only two whitish annuli in the apical brown part of the antennar.) The dusting is a little more dense on the wings of two of the six specimens than on the others; in all there is a distinct though faint golden ocherous streak along the fold, interrupted in one specimen by two fuscous dashes and in the others by one; there is another pale golden ocherous streak parallel to the fold, beginning on the disk and extending to the apex, interrupted by two brown dashes in four specimens and by only one in the other two, one of these two being the same that has two dashes on the fold; cilia whitish, those of the dorsal margin with a fuliginous tinge; hind wings of a smoky hue. Abdomen of the general hue, densly dusted above with fuscous, and with the posterior margin of each segment white without dusting; anal tuft whitish; legs dark gray-brown, annulate with white. Evidently this is much nearer prceangusta than salicipomonella, but the alar expanse scarcely exceeds five lines, nearly that of salibipomnoella, which Mr. Stainton gives as 5- lines, while he gives that of prwangusta as seven lines. The first thing which strikes one on comparing with the above the two specimens from the Arkansas (clemensella) is the much greater size and darker color of the latter. The expanse of wings of these is a little over seven lines, and while the Arkansas species appear to the naked eye as of a dark gray hue, those from Colorado Springs appear whitish. In the: one, the dusting almost obscurest he ground color; in the other, it is scarcely apparent to the unaided eye. Indeed, I would describe the Arkansas specimens as having the thorax rather densely dusted above with dark gray-brown, and the wings dark gray-brown, sparsely dusted with white, with a narrow white streak from the base to the middle of the disk, a creamy spot on the fold almost surrounding a dark gray-brown spot, and a row of somewhat confused white spots (eight or nine in num- ber) more or less confluent, and one at the apex; but the two specimens differ somewhat, one of them (a) having the whole basal part of the wing above the fold creamy-white and only a little dusted with fuscous. Abdomen dark gray-brown, each segment margined behind with silvery- white, except that in the a the anal segment is entirely brown and tuft silvery-white. Cottonwood Creek (Upper Arkansas, near Mount Howard), altitude about 8,000 feet. A specimen of Batrachedra clemensella and two of the supposed B. 135 136 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. prweangusta were sent to Mr. H. T. Stainton, the English authority on the Tineina. Unfortunately, they were almost utterly destroyed in transitu. One wing, however, Mr. Stainton recognized as that of the European species- B. prceangusta. But whether it was the species referred by me to prceangusta or that which I have called clemnensella could not be deter- mined. But on comparing my specimens with two of prceangusta sent to me by Mr. Stainton, I find that my clemensella only differs from this species as follows:-It is a trifle larger; a larger part of the wings is dark-colored, so that in the Colorado specimens there are no blackish spots surrounded by ocherous, as in the European species, and thereby separated as distinct from the other blackish parts of the wing, but the blackish spots have, as it were, become confluent or coalesced with the other blackish parts of the wing. I therefore now refer clemensella to prweangusta. Then in the very points in which the European specimens of praeangusta differ from clemensella, they approach the supposed prwe- angusta from Colorado; and wherein they approach clemensella, they recede from the supposed prwangusta of Colorado. Thus the supposed prceangusta from Colorado is smaller than the European species, and while they have the blackish wing-spots as in the European species, those spots can scarcely be said to be surrounded with ocherous but rather with sordid whitish, and the entire wing is sordid white, compar- atively little dusted with blackish. Thus the European praeangusta seems to be almost equally near my supposed praeangusta from Colorado and my clemensella. I consider all the specimens as variant forms of preeangusta. Laerna? coloradella n. sp.-Guided by the analogies of the palpi, tongue, form and neuration of the wings, I place this species provis- ionally in Laverna, though the smooth wings, ornamentation, basal joint of the antennae, and perhaps the form of the head might exclude it from that genus, which, however, as now accepted, is not very strictly limited. The vertex in this species is longer than wide, and so is the face; the basal joint of the antennae is a little enlarged, and has a minute projecting tuft behind the stalk; tongue scaled; palpi overarching the vertex, with the second joint enlarged toward the apex and the third one pointed. White; apical third of the primaries deeply stained with ocherous, especially along the base of the dorsal cilia, and a pale ocherous patch on the costal margin near the base extends to the fold; hind wings grayish; upper surface of abdomen grayish-ocherous, each segment margined behind with white; legs yellowish. Expanse of wings, 5 lines. Edger- ton, in July. Neuration of fore wings as in L. Staintoni, that of the hind wings as in IL. langiella, except that this has 5 instead of 4 veins to the hind mar- gin, and the submedian and dorsal veins more distinct, perhaps more like Chauliodus chcerophilellus. A larva of a species of Laverna? burrows in the stem of Physalis CHAMBERS ON TINEINA OF COLORADO. viscosa among the foot-hills about Edgerton. It makes a fusiform swelling in the stalk near the ground. I did not succeed in rearing the species. Four other species (L. albella, L. albapalpella, L. guinella, and 1. grandisella) have also been described by me from Colorado in Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci. (loc. cit. sup.). Eriphia concolorella, Cham. (Can. Ent., vol. vii, p. 55).-Formerly de- scribed from Texas. A single specimen much injured, but which I be- lieve belongs to this species, was taken at Edgerton, Colorado, in July. Tischeria.-Mines of two species of this genus belonging no doubt to species already well known in the Mississippi Valley were found in scrub- oak leaves near Colorado Springs. Lithocolletis amorphceella n. sp. ? or var. and L. amphicarpeweella sp. ? or var. ?-These belong to the robiniella group, and entomologists will con- sider them species or varieties according to their ideas of what consti- tutes species. I have discussed this question elsewhere as to the spec- imens from Robinia, Amphicarpetea, and Asmodium, and Dr. Clemens noted some of the differences between the species from Robinia and Am- phicarpecea, but did not consider the latter distinct from the former, and did not name it. As it seems to be an unsettled question whether they are distinct species or only what Mr. B. D. Walsh called 1 phytophagic varieties", it is, I think, best, or, at least, most convenient, to give them distinct names. Another allied species has been described, from Texas, by Prof. Zeller, as L. texana. It resembles amorphceella except that the latter has no white basal streak on the fold, has the first costal streak less oblique, has a minute silvery dorsal spot opposite to the last costal spot, and has a distinct apical blackish spot smaller than it usually is in robiniella. It (amorphceella) is smaller than robiniella, with the ground- color of the wings paler, and the dark color of the dorsal margin ceases abruptly just before the fascia. Its mine, like that of robiniella and all the others of the group, is white, but it is much smaller. The difference in width between the wings of robiniella and texana, as figured by Zeller, seems to me to be greater than that between robiniella and amorphceella. Indeed, Zeller's figure seems to me to represent the wing of robiniella a trifle too wide in proportion to its own length, and the first costal and second dorsal streaks are too distinct. In several specimens of robini- ella (bred) now before me, the first dorsal is short, passes gradually into a silvery-gray streak, which is very oblique, and which, crossing the fold, unites with the second costal streak, forming a strongly-angulated fascia, which is produced (of the silvery-gray hue) a short distance back along the disk. This silver-gray streak is, it is true, not a clear white, ,like the streaks which it unites, yet it is of a different color from the surrounding portion of the wing, and in some lights glistens with a sil- very-white luster. It is not represented in Zeller's figure, and that fig- ure also represents the apical spot as a little larger and more indistinct than it is in my specimens; but, as I have elsewhere stated, it varies both 137 138 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. in size and form in bred specimens of robiniella. That which I have called above the " first dorsal streak" in robiniella is the one which is so de- nominated by Clemens; but, in fact, as I have elsewhere stated, there is on the dorsal margin, much nearer the base, and in the darkest part of the wing, another faint streak or spot which is only faintly indicated by a paler or more silvery portion surrounded by a dark margin, and which, in some lights, has a decided silvery hue. It is more distinct in some specimens than in others, and is well shown in Professor Zeller's figure. This faintly-indicated spot in robiniella becomes in texana, in amphicarpeceella, and in amorphceella a very distinct white streak, which Dr. Clemens noticed as one point in which amphicarpeceella differed from robiniella. Specimens (bred) of amphicarpeceella are also before me. This variety is a little larger than robiniella, of a richer reddish-golden hue, and the marginal streaks have a brighter silvery luster. The single specimen of amorphceella has no trace of a basal streak on the fold, nor has robiniella usually, though a few white scales are sometimes sprinkled on it. L. texana has a distinct white streak extending along the fold, and in amphicarpeaeella this streak is still longer and brighter. In addition to what has been written above as to the true first dorsal streak (the one faintly indicated in robiniella), it is proper to add that I have bred speci- mens of amphicarpeceella in which the dark color of the dorsal margin ceased abruptly at about the basal fourth of the wing-length, and in which the remainder of the dorsal margin to the fold and as far back as the cilia is snowy white, only interrupted by a narrow oblique dark brown dorsal streak, placed about the third of the wing-length, and rep resenting the dark margin of one of the usual dorsal white streaks; and in other specimens the true first dorsal is as faint as in robiniella. Usually, however, there is a greater or less proportion of white scales, intermixed with the dark color of the dorsal margins. There is as much variation in the size of the apical spot in amphicarpeceella as in robiniella, and some- times it covers the entire apex, and in this respect both, like anorphce- ella, seem to differ from texana. The marginal streaks in amphicarpece- ella are less oblique than in robiniella, but more so than in texana or amorphceella. The last costal spot in amphicarpeceella is smaller than in texana, and has a small dorsal spot opposite to it, in these respects agreeing with amorphceella. In texana and amorphceella, the first costal and its opposite dorsal streak meet, and form a not very strongiy-an- gulated fascia; in robiniella, as before stated, these streaks do not dis- tinctly meet, but are connected by a silvery-gray line, and in amnphicar- peceella they are still more distinct. Thus the species or varieties differ in the size of the apical spot; but as specimens of the same variety differ among themselves, this cannot be considered specific, and, besides, texana and amorphceella are not known by a sufficient number of specimens. They differ also in the distinctness of the true first dorsal streak, but neither is this specific. They differ in the presence or absence of the basal streak, but its place CHAMBERS ON TINEINA OF COLORADO. 139 is sometimes indicated in robiniella by a few white scales on the fold; a single specimen of amorphweella does not afford sufficient ground for saying that it is always absent in that variety, nor the few specimens of texana that it is always absent in it, while in amphicarpeeella it is sometimes faint and sometimes spreads over the whole dorsal margin be- hind the basal fourth. We cannot separate the varieties on this ground. There is a difference in brilliancy of coloring, amphicarpeceella being the most and amorphceella the least brilliant; but this may be only the effect of different food, and this may also cause the difference of size, amphi- carpeceella again being the largest and amorphceella the smallest. But the remaining differences are more important; for although if the mar- ginal streaks were equally oblique, the fact that opposite ones sometimes united and sometimes did not might easily be paralleled by other in- stances, yet when we find streaks so oblique as in robiniella and not distinctly confluent, and in amorphawella and texana streaks so nearly perpendicular to the margin, and so distinctly confluent, and also wings so much narrower in proportion to length as they are in the two latter species, we must admit that we have something more than merely acci- dental variations. It is at least a case of Mr. Walsh's phytopha gous varieties. L. salicifoliella Clem. & Cham. (Clem., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. i, p. 81; Cham., Can. Ent., vol. iii, p. 163; Cin. Quar. Jour., vol. i; Can. Ent., vol. ix). L. scudderella ? Frey.-There is no doubt in my mind that Professor Frey's species is identical with salicifoliella. L. salicifoliella appears to be more common in high than in low latitudes and altitudes. I have found the larva mining leaves of aspens and willows up to near 11,000 feet. L. alnivorella Chain. (Cin. Quar. Jour., vol. ii, p. 302).- have not found it above 8,000 feet. There is another species which mines the leaves of a different species of Alnus, but which I did not succeed in rearing, the larva of which belongs to the flat group. (There are two larval forms in this genus; one cylindrical, and making a tentiform mine, usually on the under side of the leaf; like that of L. alnivorella ; the other having a flat or depressed larva, which makes a flat mine, almost always on the upper surface of the leaf.) The mine has a central opaque portion con- taining the "frass", or excrementitious matter, with clear branches, or streaks radiating from it. I only met with it in a few instances at Manatou-; altitude, 6,000 feet. L. quercitorum Frey =? L. fitchella Clem. (Argyromiges quercifoliella Fitch).-L. fitchella seems to be common in the Eastern States. I have not seen it, and cannot determine certainly as to its identity with quercitorum Frey. If it is the same, fitchella has priority. I think they are most probably distinct. Frey described quercitorum from Texas. I have also bred it from mines in scrub-oak leaves at Edgerton, Colo- rado; altitude, 6,500 feet. 140 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. L9. hamadryadella Clem. (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859).-Very common east of Kansas, and not uncommon mining scrub-oaks in Colo- rado. I did.not breed it, but the mine is easily recognized. I did not meet with it at a higher altitude than 6,000 feet. L. cincinnatiella Cham. (Can. Ent., vol. iii, p. 149).--The remarks above made as to L. hamnadryadella apply also to this species. The two, so far as my observation goes, are nearly always found together ; frequently in the same leaf. They are, however, very distinct, and so are their mines. Lithocolletis, next to Gelechia, is usually a genus of numerous species; but it is less so in Colorado than I have found it elsewhere. Lyonetia alniella Cham. (Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci., vol. ii, p. 303).-This spe- cies up to 10,000 feet is more numerous in individuals than any other. Phyllocnistis populiella Chain. (Cin. Quar. Jour., vol. ii, p. 106).-Com- mon mining poplar-leaves in the Mississippi Valley at an altitude of 400 feet, and in Colorado mining aspen-leaves up to about 11,000 feet. P. ampelopsiella Cham. (Can. Ent., vol. iii, p. 207).-Common in Ken- tucky, altitude 400 feet, and in Colorado, altitude 6,000 feet. Eurynome.-In the Cincinnati Journal of Science, I have described a species from Colorado, allied to Bucculatrix and to Phillonome, as E. luteella. The neuration of that species was not examined. In other re- spects, this species appears to be congeneric vith it. The tongue and maxillary palpi are absent, while the labial palpi are moderately devel- oped, with the second joint longest, and thus they differ from Buccula- trix. In repose, the antennae are carried forward, diverging so as to form a wide letter V. They are a little more than half as long as the fore wings, with the stalk simple, and the basal joint, which is a little en- larged, covered with a small eye-cap and partly concealed by the long, loose scales of the roughened vertex, which extend down between the eyes, but do not cover the face. Fore wings lanceolate; hind wings nar- rowly lanceolate. The neuration of the fore wings in the species de- scribed below resembles that of Bucculatrix cratcegi, as figured in Ins. Brit., vol. iii, p. 8. The sqbcostal vein gives off two branches to the cos- tal margin before the end of the cell, another just behind it, and is fur- cate before the tip, one branch going to each margin. The median divides into three nearly equidistant branches; the fold is well indicated, and the submedian distinct; the cell is closed; and the costal vein at- tains the margin before the middle. In the hind wings, the cell is closed, (or nearly so); the subcostal furcate before the apex, one of the branches going to each margin; the median subdivides into three nearly equidis- tant branches, and the submedian is indicated. E. albella n. sp.-Snowy white; the hind wings with a silvery tinge, and three faint, pale, ocherous, minute spots on the fore wings, two of which are on the fold (one of them near the hind margin of the wing), and the third is at the end of the cell. (Sometimes these spots are in- CHAMBERS ON TINEINA OF COLORADA. visible.) Apex of the fore wings sparsely dusted with ocherous, and there is a row of minute ocherous specks forming a hinder marginal line about the middle of the cilia. Scales rather coarse. Expanse of wings, 41 lines. Near Edgerton; altitude about 6,500 feet. When the three ocherous spots are not visible on the fore wings, the insect is scarcely distinguishable from the species described below as Bucculatrix albella except by the neuration and by the presence of the labial palpi. Bucculatrix albella n. sp. ?-Snowy white; apex of fore wings and dor- sal cilia very sparsely dusted with brownish scales. Expanse of wings, 41 lines. Very near B. niveella Chamb. from Texas, and possibly only a variety of that species. Also resembles B. immaculatella, Cham. from Texas, but is smaller, and immaculatella has no dusting on the wings. Altitude, 6,000 feet; Edgerton. A similar species (perhaps the same denuded) was taken among wild sage (Artemisia), on which it probably feeds, at Twin Lakes, altitude 9,500 feet. .Nepticula.-Both species and individuals of this genus appear to be rare in Colorado. In two years, I have not met with a specimen of it. Mines of three species have, however, been observed. One speci- men of a mine of a (new ?) species in an aspen-leaf was met with at an altitude of over 10,000 feet ; another of another species, in a leaf of Alnus, altitude 8,000 feet; and two mines of another species in leaves of cotton- wood, altitude 6,000 feet. Of the seve nty-nine species hereinbefore referred to (including those known only by mines, but not including the Gelechia larvae, which I did not succeed in rearing), one (Batrachedra praeangusta) (if it is that species), though well known in Europe, is not known in this country except in Colorado; five (Pronuba yuccasella, Plutella cruciferarum, Gele- chia roseosuffusella, G. a3quipulsella, and Bedellia somnulentella) are almost universally distributed in the United States ; seven (Anesychia mirusella, iarpalyce tortricella, Gelechia concinnisella, Coleophora argyres- tialbella, C. bistrigella, Eriphia concolorella, and Lithocolletis quercitorum) have been found only in .Colorado and Texas; seven (Gelechia galcesoli- daginis, Lamna griseella, Ornix pennivorella, Lithocolletis cincinnatiella, L. hamadryadella, Phyllocnistis populiella, and P. ampelopsiella) have only been found in Colorado and in latitude 350 to 400 in the Mississippi Valley ; and four (GEcophora boreasella, Argyresthia gedartella?, A. an- duegiella ?, and Lithocolletis salicifoliella) in Canada, as far south as Kentucky, and in Colorado. The other fifty-five species have not as yet been found outside of Col- orado. Of course, it is not meant that any or all of these species may not hereafter be found in other localities. The seven species common to Colorado and Texas alone have all been found only south of the divide between the waters of the Platte and the Arkansas. One of 141 142 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. those common to Canada and Colorado and the Ohio Valley was only found north of that divide ((Ecophoraboreasella); the other species appear to be generally distributed. It thus appears that while several species found in Colorado have here- tofore been found only in Texas, and others have been found in Texas and the Ohio Valley, or in the latter only, four Colorado species have been found in Canada; and these four have also been found in the Ohio Valley; and none of the described species appear to pertain to Colo- rado and Canada alone. This appears somewhat anomalous, the more especially as the flora and the birds of Colorado generally are supposed to show northern rather than southern affinities. But it may be ex- plained partly at least by the following considerations:- 1. The number of known Texan species is at least four to one greater than those of Canada, and the proportion of species from the Ohio Val- ley is even greater still. Therefore it was to be expected that a larger proportion of these would be found in Colorado than of the compara- tively little known northern species. 2. The greater number of Coloradan species are from the plains and foot-hills south of the divide between the Platte and the Arkansas, say below altitude 7,000 feet and latitude 390, just as among birds, Geococcyx californianus, common in California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and the foot-hills of Colorado south of the " divider, has never been found north of it. But this consideration is not so weighty as it might seem to be, because, since the distribution of the Tineina is so largely depend- ent on that of the plants on which they feed, many species thus far found only in the plains and foot-hills may be expected to be found at still greater heights. 3. The greater proportion of Texas species thus far made known are from the region of Dallas-not of a very southern character. Still it remains a little strange that Colorado species from latitude 380 to 400,' and altitude 6,000 to 8,000, should seem to show greater affinities with species from the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys and Texas, latitude 340 to 400, altitude 300 to 1,500 feet, than with species from Canada and New England, at much higher altitudes and latitudes. Possibly further investigations may throw some light on it. But the Tineina are not very numerous in species in Colorado, though some species are very numerous in individuals; seventy-five species have been described. I do not believe twenty-five more remain to be de- scribed, and these will be found-or most of them-in the extreme northern, southern, or eastern portions of the State. Additional dis- coveries will generally extend the range in latitude, longitude, and alti- tude of species already known, rather than make known new species. Nevertheless, of the fifty-five species as yet only known to Colorado, a large proportion may, and probably will, be found in Canada, and thus it will result-as from other reasons might be antiipated-that the Tineina of Colorado will show greater affinities with those of Canada than with those of Texas. ART. VII.-NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF TINEID MOTHS MADE IN COLORADO IN 1875 BY A. S. PACKARD, JR., M. D. BY V. T. CHAMBERS. Since the foregoing paper was written, another small collection of Coloradan Tineina has been submitted to me, concerning which I add the following remarks: Glyphipteryx montisella Cham.-Specimens from Boulder, Colo. In the original account of this species I referred to a single specimen of a va~rety having a white spot on the base of the dorsal margin of the fore wings. This variety predominates in the collection from Boulder. Elachista prcematurella ? Clem.-A single specimen, with the head wanting, from "Kelso's" Cabin, foot of Gray's Peak, altitude about 11,200 feet. Not heretofore recorded from Colorado. It possibly may not belong to this species. Gelechia packardella n. sp.-Closely allied to G. cercirisella Cham. Labial palpi white on the inner surface, prettily spotted with black scales; the external surface of the second joint black to the tip, which is white, with a black spot; third joint black, with the base and an annulus about the middle white; basal portion of the antennae black (the remainder broken off from the single specimen). Head white, dusted.with black scales, especially on the vertex, where the black predominates, irrorate with violaceous. Patagia black, tipped with white; thorax black, with a white spot on each side before the tip. Fore wings black, the dorsal margin to the fold white from the base to the cilia, the black color pro- jecting across the fold into the white, but not far enough to touch the margin. There is a narrow white dorsal streak about the apical fourth of the wing-length pointing a little obliquely backward, and indistinctly connected with a nearly square costal white spot, which is a little farther back than the dorsal streak. The disk is somewhat obscurely streaked with ocherous, and under a lens small white specks and scales appear scattered in the apical part of the wing; cilia pale fuliginous, with a blackish hinder marginal line. (The hind wings and abdomen are wanting in the single specimen before me.) Expanse of wings, 8 lines. "Georgetown"; altitude about 8,000 feet. .G. solaniella Cham.-This species was originally described from speci- mens taken and bred in Kentucky and Missouri. Afterward, specimens received from Texas were referred, with some little doubt, to the same species. The single injured specimen in this collection, like those from Texas, lacks the grayish or whitish dusting of the original specimen, and may prove to be distinct or a variety. 144 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. This collection also contains the following species heretofore described: Coleophora artemisicolella Cham., from Kelso's Cabin, Gray's Peak; La- verna grandisella Cham., Georgetown; Laverna albocapitella ? Cham., Georgetown. I am not absolutely certain of the correctness of this identification. The head and palpi in these two specimens are rather pale-gray than white, and there are other minute differences. One of the two speci- mens is badly rubbed, and the other is so mounted as to nearly destroy the thorax and prevent any satisfactory view of the wings. But I be- lieve it to be albocapitella. That species has heretofore been described only from Texas. Thus another species is added to those common to Texas and Colorado, and this one is found at a considerable elevation in the mountains and north of " the Divide ". Laverna miscecolorella Chamin., heretofore described from Texas only, now from Central Colorado. Plutella cruciferarum auct. Anesychia discostrigella Cham., Manitou. Aetote bella Chain., heretofore known only from Texas. This speci- men is labeled "Denver". Butalis immaculatella Cham. - Originally described from Texas. While the differences between the species of Butalis which have been described in this country by Dr. Clemens and by me are as great as those which separate the recognized European species, I doubt very greatly whether they are all, or perhaps even half of them, really distinct. The differences which separate them are chiefly in ornamentation, and are not great. I have bred specimens of B. matulella Clem. (the larva of which mines leaves of the " hogweed" (Ambrosia trifida), which pre- sented greater differences than many of those that are recognized as distinct species in this country and in Europe. Blepharocera gen. nov.-This genus is allied structurally to Dasycera perhaps as closely as to any other, but is altogether unlike it in colora- tion. There are no maxillary palpi ; the labial are slender (more so than in Dasycera), recurved, overarching the vertex; tongue of moderate length and scaled; antennae not reaching the tips of the wings by about one- third of the length of the latter, with the basal joint a little thicker than the stalk, which is slender and rather densely clothed in the male with long cilia (longer than in Dasycera and more thickly) ; forehead rounded ; face but little retreating; head smooth. Cilia of both pairs of wings rather long. Fore wings broadly lanceolate. (Having but a single specimen, one fore wing of which was ruined in denuding it, and not wishing to injure the other, I can give no satisfactory account of its neu- ration.) Hind wing narrower than fore wing, lanceolate, more elongate in proportion to width than in Dasycera. Costal vein long, near the mar- gin; subcostal attenuated toward the base and reaching the margin CHAMBERS ON TINEINA OF COLORADO. close to the tip ; the median subdivides into three branches, the last two of which are close together at ,the end of the cell; cell closed by a dis- tinct discal vein, which sends two branches to the dorsal margin; sub- median indistinctly furcate at the base. B. haydenella n. sp.-Grayish-fuscous. Fore wings rather densely dusted with white, having a tranverse fuscous spot (not dusted) on the fold before the middle; a smaller one at the end of the cell, and the apex fuscous, not dusted with white. Articulations of the tarsi whitish. Ex- panse of wings, 7. lines. .Dasycera newmanella Clem., to which this species is structurally allied, and Hamadryas newmanella Clem., which is still more closely allied to Dasycera than this species, are found from Texas to New England, but not as yet in Colorado. The separation of Bassettella from Dasycera as a new genus is perhaps questionable, and the generic name Hamadryas has also been given to an Australian genus of butterflies. Besides the species above mentioned, this little collection also con- V tains a specimen of Tinea (sp.?) and two other Tineina, all too much injured for recognition or description. Two only of the thirteen recog- nizable species are new, but four others are new to Colorado, three of the four having been heretofore found in Texas, and the fourth both in Texas and in Kentucky. All of these four were taken north of "Lthe divide." in Colorado, and three of them at an altitude of about 8,000 feet near the Snowy Range, and Where frost and snow are not infrequent in August. It is true that both Texas and Colorado are included by Mr. Wallace in one subdivision of the Nearctic Region. But one would scarcely expect such a division to hold good in such a group as the Tineina, whose distribution is governed more perhaps than any other insects by that of particular plant-species. On the contrary, I had expected to find the species of the high plains and cold mountain- regions in latitude 380 to 400 approximating those of British America and the Northern United States in latitude 440, rather than those of even the Ohio Valley, latitude 390, or thbse of the Texas prairies, lati- tude 320. Possibly this may yet prove to be the case when we are better acquainted with the species of Canada and New England. But so far as we can now determine, the Tineina of Colorado are to a much greater extent allied to those of Texas than to those of Canada or even of the Ohio Valley., Mr. Wallace suggests that so little is known of the distribution of the Noctuidce and Tineidcv that any study of the subject as to their general distribution over the earth must lead to erroneous conclusions, which is no doubt true. Yet enough is known to establish the fact that the families and many if not most of the leading genera are of very general if not of universal distribution; such genera, for instance, as Depressaria, Gelechia, Plutella, Elachista, Laverna, Cosmopteryx, Glyphipteryx, Coleophora, Lithocolletis, Bucculatrix, and others, each of which is represented in all or the greater number of Mr. Wallace's " regions ". 10 BULL 145 ART. VIII.-0ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF TINEINA IN COLORADO. BY V. T. CHAMBERS. Dr. Packard mentions, in Hayden's Report for 1873 (p. 548), that Lieu- tenant Carpenter found a Tortrix larva somewhere in the mountains of Colorado, at an altitude of above 12,000 feet, and this seems to have been the only Microlepidopteron seen above timber-line by Lieutenant Carpenter. I do not find that any other species has been recorded from high altitudes in the Rocky Mountains. At an elevation of nearly 14,000 feet, I saw a specimen of a Tortrix and two specimens of a Pterophorus, but unfortunately was not able to capture either. This was near the top of Mount Elbert. Argresthia altissimella Cham. was capturedon the same mountain at an altitude of about 11,000 feet, and a specimen of A. gaedartella ? Auct. was taken at the same place. Plutella cruciferarum was taken, and a specimen of a Coleophora *observed but not captured, at about the same elevation, near Ber- thoud's Pass; and Phyllocnistis populiella Chain. was found in the lar- val state up to the extreme limit of the growth of the aspen, 11,000 feet or more. Larvae of two species of Gelechia were found as high up, sewing together aspen-leaves; and the larva of another species was found at a higher altitude than any other larva of Tineina, fairly above timber-line as it is generally understood; that is, the limit of the growth of pines; for it sews together the leaves of the stunted willows which creep along the margins of little rivulets for a short distance higher up the mountain-side than the limit of the pines, up in fact to a height of nearly 12,000 feet. But the distribution of the Tineina is governed by that of the vegetation on which they feed. Of butter- flies and the larger moths, each species feeds usually on a variety of plants, and their distribution is not determined by that of a single plant. But the species of Tineina, and especially the leaf-mining Tineina, are usually confined to a single food-plant. Comparatively few of them feed on more than a single plant-species; and when a species does feed on more than one species of plant, those on which it feeds are usually closely allied. Of course, there are numerous exceptions, but this is the rule, and when the rule prevails the geographical range of the moth is generally determined by that of its food-plant, so that when the plant is not found, of course the moth cannot be; and where the plant is indig- enous, there the moth will usually be found with it. To a much greater extent, therefore, than in other Lepidoptera, the distribution of a species 148 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. of Tineina is dependent upon that of a single plant-species, and conse- quently in passing above timber-line Tineina might be expected to become exceedingly rare. In point of fact, I found none except the Gelechia larva on willows before mentioned, and in all probability that species will be found also far below timber-line. Hayden, if I remem- ber aright, gives 1.1,776 feet as the height of timber-line on Mount Elbert. The Pterophorus observed by me as above stated was probably P. cinereidactylus, which has been taken in the mountains of New Eng- land; and it is to be regretted that I did not succeed in taking it, so that this fact might have been determined; and that it might also be determined whether it differs in size, in relative length of peripheral parts, or in depth or intensity of color, from the New England speci- mens. Dr. Packard's observations (loc. cit.) tend to establish the rule that the western species are larger, with greater relative development of peripheral parts, and greater depth and intensity of color than their eastern congeners; and in view of his observations, and those of Mr. Wollaston and others, on insects of other orders and of other countries, and in consideration of the bright sunlight and prevailing high winds in Colorado, I had expected to find the rule confirmed among the Tine- ina, or else to have found a much larger proportion than usual of apterous species, since the bright light would tend to develop color; and either the absence of the power of flight, or its greatly-increased development, would tend to the protection of species against atmos- pheric influences. But I found nothing to confirm these views. On the contrary, so far as color is concerned, the Tineina of Colorado, and, so far as I have had an opportunity of observing them, those of California likewise, are plainer and more obscurely colored than those of the Mis- sissippi Valley; and, so far as size and extent of peripheral parts is con- cerned, the individuals, when they belong to species found also in the Mississippi Valley, differ usually in no respect from those found in the latter region; and when species are allied to eastern species, they do not differ from them more than eastern species differ from each other. Thus the 9 Tinea and allied genera are frequently apterous in the States and in Europe; but I saw only a single Tinea (damaged beyond recognition) in Colorado, and that was not apterous, nor was there any unusual development of the wings or other peripheral parts. Tinea appears to be but poorly represented there. The average size of Pronuba yuccasella Riley, in Colorado, is less than that given for it by Mr. Riley in Missouri; and it differs from Missouri and Ken- tucky specimens only in the fact that a large number of speci- mens have small black spots on the fore wings. Hilyponomeutidce are represented by numerous specimens of two species of Anesychia, one of which (A. mirusella Cham.) is common in Texas; they give no sup- port to the theory. Plutella cruciferarum is, in Mr. Staintons's lan- guage, " found wherever man eats cabbage", and it appears to be the CHAMBERS ON TINEINA OF COLORADO. same everywhere, or, if it varies, varies in the same way everywhere Gelechia, usually so numerous, both in s'pecies and individuals-more so than any other genus of the family-is but poorly represented in the mountains, more numerous in the foot-hills and plains than in the mountains, and seems to be more numerous in southern latitudes, as well as in lower altitudes. The species are usually of plain grayish or brown- ish colors, and present no contrast with their congeners from the East, either in ornament or structure. Glyphipterygidce are represented by G. montisella Cham. and Lithariapteryx abroniceella Cham., the latter per- haps more brilliantly ornamented than any other species of the family, but neither showing any greater extent of peripheral parts. Holcocera (Blastobasis) gigantella Cham., however, on the other hand, has cer- tainly a greater expanse of wings-15 lines-than any other species of the genus, or perhaps I might say greater than any other species of the Tineina; but the wings are rather narrow for their length, and unlike all other species of the genus known to me (instead of having a deeper or more brilliant or intense color) it is white. Indeed, it seems to me that if the Tineina of Colorado have any characteristic colorational peculiar- ity, it is that there is perhaps a larger proportion of uncolored species. Argyresthia and Gracilaria are more numerously represented in Colorado, both by species and individuals, than any other genus, except Gelechia, and their species are decidedly less brilliant, and are plainer than the species of the Mississippi Valley, and where the species are the same they present no peculiarity of either form or color. Goleophora is well represented by characteristic species; Laverna by a few plain species; Batrachedra by a species which I believe to be the European prceangusta, and by another new species (?) which certainly has a decidedly greater wing-expanse than any of the known species, besides being more deeply colored, not more brilliantly. Eriphia concolorella Cham., found as yet only in Colorado and Texas, is the same in both, so far as we can judge from the scanty material. Tischeria is represented by two species found in the Eastern States. Lithocolletis is less numerous, both in species and individuals, than in the States, where, next to Gelechia, it is perhaps the most abundant both in species and individuals. Three out of seven species are identical with those found in the East, and perhaps the fourth and fifth will also be found there, and the sixth is found in Texas, while the seventh, a variety of robiniella Clem., is smaller and of duller colors. The others show no departure from the common forms. The two species of Phyllocnistis have already been found in the East; they present no variation. P. populiella Cham., from an altitude of over 11,000 feet in the Snowy Range, is indistinguishable from the same species in the foot-hills at 6,000 feet, or from Kentucky at 500 feet. The single species-of Lyonetia, more abundant in individuals than any other species, is unknown in the East as yet; and while not sup- porting the theory as to color, is, on the other hand, certainly larger than the other species of the genus. Bucculatrix has two species, both 149 150 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. paler in color than any of their eastern congeners and not larger. Burynome, a genus founded on two species, found as yet only in Colo. rado, does not differ from the allied Bucculatrix in size or coloration- And the two or three species of Nepticula (or Trifurcula ?) are rare and known only by their mines. These are the only genera which are known to be represented among the Tineina of Colorado, and notwithstanding the cases of H. gigantella, Batrachedra sp. ?, and Lyonetia alniella, the weight of evidence, such as it is, does not support the theory suggested, and if these three spe- cies seem to lend it any support, it would yet require the accumula- tion of a very much greater number of instances of increased size or pe- ripheral development, or depth, or intensity of color, to'demonstrate that these things have any necessary connection with the western habitat of species. The Tineina, however, are generally not well adapted either to the proof or disproof of such a theory, so far as size and increase of periph- eral development are concerned, since their minute size would make it difficult to detect any such small increase as would be likely to occur from such a cause, and if detected it might be considered to be within the range of variation of the species. As to color, however, they afford as good an opportunity of testing the theory as any other group, and here their testimony is decidedly against it. Some of the species above mentioned are no; yet known by published descriptions. ART. IX.--NEW ENTOMOSTRACA FROM COLORADO. BY V. T. CHAMBERS. FIGS. 1-4. Cypris grandis n. sp. (Fig. 1).-Valve oblong, slightly subreniform, highest behind the middle, sloping thence regularly toward the anterior end, with a slight bulge on the hinge-margin just where it rounds off in front. Greatest thickness about the middle. In side-view somewhat resem- bling Brady's figure of C. tessellata (Trans. Linn. Soc., v, 26, plate 23, fig. 39), but this species is longer in proportion to height and has the highest point of the dorsal margin a little farther behind. Ventral mar- gin very slightly emarginate. In dorsal and ventral view, somewhat re- sembling Brady's figure of ]Macrocypris minna (loc. cit., plate 28, fig. 34). Right valve slightly overlapping the left; surface smooth, with minute punctures and short hairs, but with a group of scattered, large, sordid, yellowish punctures about the middle of each valve. Color bluish- FIG. 1.-Cypris gtrandis, CHAM., n. sp. white (nearly that of very thin milk), though some specimens show a decided pale greenish tinge. Basal joint of superior antennm with two short sete above and one below; second joint with a single short one below; third with two short unequal setm above and one below; fourth with two above like those on the third, and two long ones below; fifth as the fourth; sixth with the two upper setm as in the third and fourth, but with four long ones below; seventh with two long and two shorter seta. Inferior antenna with one moderately long and two short claws, and two setm from the end of the last joint, and with four long 152 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. claws (one shorter than the other three), and two moderately long seta, and one long one from the end of the penultimate joint, besides four rather long ones above, and two beneath about its middle. Third joint with the usual single stout seta from its end beneath, and the usual fas- cicle of five long and one short one above near the end, and the usual articulated process. Post-abdominal ramus similar to that of C. incon- gruens as figured by Brady (loc. cit., plate 23, fig. 20), but longer, having three unequal sete, the terminal one longest. Seminal gland very sim- ilar to that of Notodromus monachus (loc. cit., plate 37, fig. 36). Length, 4 of an inch; height, 12 ; greatest thickness, -. Probably the largest known species of the genus. It is abundant in ponds along the Upper Arkansas River in the Mount Harvard region, at an altitude of about 8,000 feet. When first taken, my specimens were brownish from ad- hering mud, but alcoholic specimens have the livid white color above mentioned. The lucid spots are indistinct and difficult to make out; there are about nine, the two anterior obliquely transverse and long, the two posterior small. C. altissimus n. sp. (Fig. 2).-Valve oblong, slightly subreniform, high- est about the middle, rounding regularly before and behind; the side- view resembling somewhat Baird's figure of C. tristriata, but less dis- tinctly reniform, perhaps rather resembling in the form of the dorsal margin Cypridopsis vidua; it is, however, much more elongate in pro- portion to height. Brady's figure of C. virens (= C. tristriata Baird) is a little nearer to this species, but is too distinctly reniform. C. virens also agrees with this species in the number (seven) of the lucid spots, and approaches it in their position on the shell, and in relation to each other, but they are differently shaped. In this species, the extremities are more FIG. 2.-Cypris altisinimus, CHAMI., n. sp. nearly equally rounded than in virens, the dorsal margin being evenly rounded before and behind the middle, and the ventral likewise, both before and behind the slight sinuation in the middle. But the anatomy of the appendages differs more decidedly from that of virens, as will be CHAMBERS ON NEW ENTOMOSTRACA OF COLORADO. 153 seen by a comparison of the following account with Brady's figures. Su- perior antennam with only twelve instead of fourteen long setae, arranged as follows :-There are two short setae (one longer than the other) from the third joint, which has none in Brady's figure; two short and two, long ones from the fourth joint, where virens has four long ones; three long ones and one shorter one from the fifth joint, which in virens has four long ones; four long ones from the sixth joint, where virens has only three; and three long ones and one short one from the last joint, where virens has three long ones. In the inferior antennae, similar differ- ences are found, and in the mandibular palpus even greater ones. The feet of the first pair appear to be identical in the two species, except that this species has a short seta on each of the joints 3 and 4, which are not represented in Mr. Brady's figure. His figure, however, shows one seta more on each of the joints 2 and 3 of the feet of the sec- ond pair than I find in this s pecies, which likewise is much smaller than C. virens, being only one-twentieth of an inch long and one-fortieth high, instead of one-fourteenth of an inch long and one-twenty-fifth high, as in virens. In ventral and dorsal view it also resembles virens. Sur- face smooth pubescent, with minute punctures. Color bright deep green. Common in a pond fed by melting snow on the side of Mount Elbert, Colorado, at the height of about 12,000 feet (some distance above tim- ber-line). The water is clear and cold, and seems to contain but little decaying animal and vegetable matter. I did not observe in it any other Entomostracan, though small Coleoptera (Dytiscidce) and Henmiptera were common in it. This species, or one very similar in external appearance was also found at an altitude of near 8,000 feet, in a puddle by the side of Fall River, Colorado, but my specimens of these were unfortunately all lost. C. mons n. sp. (Fig. 3).-Ovoid; tumid; highest immediately before the middle. Length, s inch; height, -. Dorsal margin regularly arched, sloping more rapidly behind the highest point than before it. Ex- tremities rounded; the anterior widest ventral margin very slightly sinuated. Seen from above, ovate, but less tumid than Cypridopsis vidua as figured by Baird and Brady (Brit. Ent. and Trans. Linn. Soc., v. 26). But little or not at all narrowed in front; widest a trifle behind the middle. Lucid spots seven, near the middle of the valve; the three :lower ones in a line and small; one of them very small. Valves white, tov FIG. 3.--Cyris mons, CHAM., n. sp. shining, smooth, with numerous almost confluent puncta. The sets of the lower antennm extend beyond the apex of the claws, and the articu- 154 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. late appendage of the third joint has its apex swollen or enlarged. Superior antenna with two long and one short seta from the end of the fourth joint; two from the end of the fifth joint; four long ones from the end of the sixth; two long and two short from the end of the ,seventh; (there are also other short setae on the different joints). The last joint of the inferior antennam is small, almost rudimentary, bearing a single large claw. (Indeed, it seems to be bifid, with a claw from each branch.) There are three other claws articulated to the end of the penultimate joint, from which also arise four setae shorter than the claws; two moderately long sets arise from about the middle of the fourth joint above, and three longer ones below; the usual fascicle of five long and one short setm form the third joint, just behind which is a bunch of short cilia and another bunch on the under side. Abdomi- nal ramus straight, slender, with two claws one under the other. The mandibular palpus, with branchial appendage and two large pulmose and one simple setm from the end. Pond on Mount Elbert; altitude about 11,000 feet. I took also, at the same time and place, a single specimen resembling those above described, but which I believe to be distinct; but, having only one example, I have not dissected it. It is smaller, narrows more rapidly in front, and is of a grayish-white color. Daphnia brevicauda n. sp. (Fig. 4).-Carapace thin and easily injured. Animal sluggish, and very easily killed. Head forming a short, blunt beak; dorsal margin evenly arched to a point near the spine, where the slope is much greater, and the posterior margin, both above and be- low the spine, is sinuated, and armed with minute spines. Ventral mar- gin convex, evenly rounded. The head is not distinctly marked off by a suture in the carapace. The spine is nearer to the dorsal than to the ventral margin, and is small and blunt. Superior antennae small; inferior very large, with plumose filaments. Carapace marked by very numerous, fine, transversely oblique strie, but not reticulated. In young specimens, the spine continuous, or nearly so, with the dorsal margin, but it is re- moved farther and farther from it as age increases. The largest speci- mens exceed a little the largest of D. pulex, and the height is about two- e FIG. 4.-Daphnia brevicauda, CHAM., n. sp. thirds the length. The color usually brownish-red ; the ventral portion paler than the dorsal, and marked by about four alternate, rather indis- CHAMBERS ON NEW ENTOMOSTRACA OF COLORADO. 155 tinct, brownish or smoky streaks, which, however, are sometimes absent. Eye-spot small. The inferior antennae have a small spine near their base, another at the bifurcation, and one from the second joint of the outer branch. In the helmet-like beak and lateral compression, this species approaches Schodler's genus Hyalodaphnia. A few specimens were taken from a pond on the side of Mount Elbert, altitude 11,000 feet; and it is abundant in ponds near Covington, Ky., al- titude about 500 feet. It is possible, however, that the Kentucky speci- mens may belong to a different species. The above description applies more nearly to the Kentucky specimens. The only ground, however, on which I could separate them as distinct species is that the form of the post-abdomen differs somewhat, as will be seen by reference to the figures. Lynceus (Chydorus) sphericus ? Baird.-My specimens, taken in a pond on Mount Elbert, at an altitude of about 11,000 feet, were all lost before I had examined them sufficiently to be certain of their identity with sphricus. I believe them to be identical with a species which is common in Kentucky, and which differs from sphcericus as described by Baird and by Norman and Brady only as follows:-This species has five distinct strime passing obliquely from the oral region back over the dor- sal margin, which are not mentioned in the descriptions above mentioned (Baird, Brit. Ent., and Norman and Brady, Monograph Brit. Lync., &c.). Baird says, color olive-green; but the color of this species is yellowish- white. But little has heretofore been done among the fresh-water Entomo- straca of the United States. The species are, however, very abundant. Some of them seem to be identical with European species; Among species that have fallen under my observation, besides many that are certainly new, are those that I am unable to separate on any satisfac- tory grounds from Cypris incongruens Baird, Cypridopsis vidua Baird, Daphnia pulex Auct., Moina branchiata and Daphnia mucronata Muiiller. One interesting new Cypris seems to be peculiar to the brackish water of Big Bone Springs, Kentucky, where I have also found a new Tachi- dius. I have also found a new Diaptomus and a CGanthocamptus in ponds in Northern Kentucky, besides several new species of Daphniadcs, Lyn- ceidc, and Cypridce. Explanation of figures. a. Carapace, side view. g. Foot, first pair. b. Carapace, dorsal view. h. Foot, second pair. c. Carapace, ventral view. i. Post-abdominal ramus. d. Superior antenne. Ic. & claspers. e. Inferior antennae. 1. Lucid spots. f. Mandible and palpus. In the figure of Daphnia, i represents the Kentucky form; i2, the mountain form. This book is a preservation facsimile produced for the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. It is made in compliance with copyright law and produced on acid-free archival 60# book weight paper which meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (permanence of paper). Preservation facsimile printing and binding by Northern Micrographics Brookhaven Bindery La Crosse, Wisconsin 2013