B ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN PRODUCTION NOTE University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library Brittle Books Project, 2015.COPYRIGHT NOTIFICATION In Public Domain. Published prior to 1923. This digital copy was made from the printed version held by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. It was made in compliance with copyright law. Prepared for the Brittle Books Project, Main Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign by Northern Micrographics Brookhaven Bindery La Crosse, Wisconsin 2015PnoMfffj NEW YORK 4k- mm -■' . %m::TFiE PHONOGRAPHIC TEACHER: I i GUIDE TO A PRACTICAL ACQUAINTANCE WITH ?> THE ART OF 'i J PHONOGRAPHY ! or PHONETIC SHORTHAND, by jlSAAC PITMAN. o!ne million seven hundred and fiftieth thousand. I NEW YORK : IS^AC PITMAN & SONS, 3 EAST FOURTEENTH STREET. And at London and Bath, England. C/ANADA : JHE COPP, CLARK CO., Limited, TORONTO. ^ 1891. S - KJWLER& WELLS C0, 775 BROAX5"W'AY.H. Y.CONTENTS. PAGE Preface ......... 3 Directions for Practice ... 3 1. Consonants......... 4 Double Consonants ...4, 23 Analogy of Sound and Sign 7 Joined Consonants ... 7 Upward an d D own ward R 8 2. Vowels, Long ...... 10 Places of the Vowels ... 10 3. Phonetic Writing...... 11 Long Vowel between two Consonants ...... 12 4. Vowels, Short ...... 13 Short Vowel between two Consonants ...... 14 5. Grammalogues ...... 15 6. Diphthongs :........16 7. Additional Sign for vS* and Z 17 8. Initial S Circle ... 18,24 „ SW „ ... 18, 24 * „ ^'Z'Loop ... 18,24 9. Final S Circle ... 19, 26 „ ST and STR Loops 19 Distinction between Circle S and Stroke S, and be- tween Loop ST and ST 20 10. Initial Hooks, R and L ... 21 Interspersed with Exercises PAGE Circle S added to an In- itial Hook ............24 11. Final Hooks..................25 „ N Hook ............25 ,, i^or FHbok . ., 25 Hook adding N to al l Curves ............25 Final Shon (-tion)Hook.... 25 Circle S added to a Final' Hook ..........26 Final Hook and a FinaU Vowel ...........27 12. Aspirate .... ............28 13. Upward and Downward R' and L ... ..............29 14. Halving Principle..............31 15. W&.YSeries of Diphthongs 35 16. Vocalization of the PR and PL Series.....^ 36 17. Prefix Cw and Affix/«^..,: 37 18. Stops...........i 37 19. List of Grammalogues ... 38 Logograms or Word Let- ters .........38 20. Shorthand Exercises ... 39 21. Conclusion.........46 Index .........47 ?n Words and on Sentences. The student is recommended to procure the " Key to the Phonographic Teacher," 15^. He should write each of the seventy-two Exercises in the' " Teacher " twice, before he proceeds to the next in order; first from the " Teacher," correcting himself by the " Key," and then from the " Key," correcting himself by the " Teacher." "'•-J 'OS r- PREFACE. When Phonography was first published, in 1837, the practice of Shorthand was almost confined to the reporting of speeches and sermons by professional shorthand writers : the art is now in daily use, life longhand, by thousands of persons in all parts of the world where the English language is spoken. This extended practice of shorthand has been effected by the ever-increasing activity of the age, an>l by the simplicity and efficiency of the phonetic system. As the causes which have produced this result continue in full force, the effects mist increase until Shorthand becomes the general medium of written communication. The Jjreat and desirable object which the Author believes he has accomplished in the construction of Phonography, is briefly this the representation of every sound and articulation i?i the English language, by a simple and easily-formed sign, which will readily enter into evfery combination required, and which is never used to represent more than that one sound or articulation. The consonant forms of w, y, h—intermediates between vowels and consonants— are excsptions, the characters for which are not simple strokes. Phonography combines the legibility of longhand with more than the brevity of ordinary shorthand. The system is capable of answering every requirement of the man of science or business, as well as of the professional reporter; yet it is so simple, that its principles may be mastered in a few hours, and one or two hours' daily practice for a month, in reading and writing, will enable the student to use it with safety and some degree of freedom ; while the same amount of practice, continued for six or twelve months, ac- cording to the ability of the student, will enable anyone who has acquired facility in using the pen in common writing, to report a slow speaker. By continued practice, the writer will be able to report a rapid speaker verbatim. 6 01 4 a* P~ CP j£ DIRECTIONS FOR PRACTICE. The student of Phonography will find no difficulty in acquiring a know- ledge of this most useful art, if he will practise according to the following directions:—He should first obtain a knowledge of the consonants of the Phonographic Alphabet, and their names, as given on page 4. He must then (frill himself in the practice of the shorthand letters by copying Exercises 1 to 8. Next learn the six long vowels, and their signs, page 10. All th(» Exercises in this book, commencing on page 5, are to be first read and then copied into a book made of ruled paper. The pupil should not read through, the whole book before he commences writing, but read one page and then write out the Exercises in it, several times if necessary, until he can form the characters neatly and accurately. The Phonographic letters should not be written smaller than they are here: and care must be taken at the outset to trace them slowly and accurately. Rapidity and accuracy combined can be attained only by practice. Though it is not absolutely necessary to use ruled paper when writing Phonography, it will be a great advantage to the learner. Either a pen or pencil may be employed. A pencil is most convenient at the ^commencement of the pupil's exercises, but for his usual writing he will find a pen more suitable. It should be a fine-pointed one, and be so held that the pen-holder and the elbow point away from the body. 973530I. CONSONANTS. p EXPLODENTS. Name, \ as in Sound. Tope F CONTINUANTS. Name. Sound. V_ 6/" as in Safe B \ See „ ro be Y V aee „ save T I tee „ ia>te m ( ith „ wrea^A D 1 efee „ facfe TH ( thee,, wcea>the r^TT / r down VJ.EL / Lstroke ,] „ etch s ) es „ lii.^ J / „ edge Zf ) zee „ kU K - Tcay „ 1 eelc SH V ish „ yifious G - » league ZH zhee,, yiaon M NASALS. ^ em „ seem LIQUIDS. L /^CstrikJ el ,, pa£. 1ST „ seen R~" \ KZ] a** „ air NGr W ing „ siwg RV Cstrokel Tay ,, raise Wc^ COALESCENTS. ^ CstrokJ W&y jj way h; ASPIRATE. [~ down-] -x LstrokeJ i > aitcTi as in ft ay Y fstrokej V^U sf H (5^ [strTke] 3 Y fstrokej V^U sf H (5^ [strTke] 3 Double Consonants. {To be learned when the pupil comes to page 21.) WH o-' whay as in where KW c__Tcway „ qtiiok G-W C— gway „ an^isli MP ) „ (hemp MB 1 emp " {embalm lr A°r up WL (T 7- WHL 6 lev as in f$eley wel „ waiZ whel .. wh&le Exercise 1- 5 —Consonants. When the pupil has read the Preface, [particularly the " Directions for Practice," page 3,] this page, and all the Exercises that follow, must be carefully written out, the name of each shorthand letter, as on 'page 4, being pronounced aloud as it is written. The pupil must call the consonants by their phonetic names: thus, "ch " is to be named chay, not see aitch / " g " gay, not jee ; " ng " ing, not en jee. Horizontal letters are written from left to right, on the line. Perpendicular letters are written downward, resting on the line. Sloping letters are written downward, except I, upward r, w, y, and upward h, which are written upward, from the line. All sloping letters are written at an angle of 45 degrees from the horizontal, except ch, j, and downward h, which are written at an angle of 60 degrees; and r, w, y, upward h} 30 degrees. P,B W \\ \\ \\ \\ T, D II 1 1 1 1 1 IN II CH, J [down] // // // // // --— _— W 1 ju, TH ( ( (( (( (( (( s,z ) ) )) )) ) ) ) ) s: a, zh J J m ^ ^ J J J J J J J J ng www Ci [up] f f ' r r " r , \ r r r r 3. [down] [«p] '•//// jw [n.p] ^ ' c/ ^ )y [up] ^ / _ V ) ( _ 2. ^ ^ r ^ ^ ^ j ^ tf- 8. I w / ^ ^ \ J Exercise 3—Consonants. Write the shorthand letters, and 'place the longhand letter after each In Exercises 3, 5, 7, the letter ( named " ith" is represented by italic "th;" and ( named "thee" by roman "th." 1. t, ch, b, g, d, p, h (down), ng, s, th, m, y, n, 1, r (down). 2. th, z, r (up), sh, j, k, f, w, h (up), zh, v, b, t, k, d, f, w. 3. j, z, v, s, m, r (up), 1, h (down), p,n, ch, g, th, z, thl sh. Every consonant in the Phonographic Alphabet is written > i in the direction of one of the lines in this diagram, except 2 \ , A straight lines in the &th position. These, having both a ^ downward and an upward direction, are written less sloping | when struck downward, as J ch, J h; and more sloping wvhen struck upward, as r, ^ h. When a straight upstroke lejtter is joined to some other letter, not an upstroke, it should slope liike stroke 4 in the diagram. L and sh, joined to other consonants, maj be written either up or down. Sh, standing alone, is written down. J1 Analogy of Sound and Sign. With the exception of w and the downward 1 ^ g r \h is merely a breathing], consonants made by a given organ are written in the same direc- l~7~4 tion; thus 1. Lips, p, b; /, v. 2. Teeth, t, d; th, th; s, z. 3, Palate, ch,j; sh, zh; I, Ir; wl, whl; upward r, y. 4. Throat and Nose, fc} g; hw, gio ; m, mp; n, ng. Joined Consonants. When consonants are joined, they should be ivritten without lifting the pen,—the second commencing where the first ends, and the third being continued from the end of the second, etc.; thus, 1_not |_ In the follow- ing Exercise, the combinations in lines 1 to 4, must rest upon the line. In lines 5,6, and all similar combinations, that is, when two descending letters follow each other, the first letter rests upon the line, and the second is written below; thus, hot A horizontal fol- lowed by a descending letter must be commenced above the line, in order that the other letter may rest on the line ; thus, not Exercise 4—Joined Consonants. Write the longhand letters after the Shorthand, as in line 1. A good style of writing can be formed only by carefully drawing- the shorthand characters at first. Speed will come by practice. 1. \_pht \ kp9 I_ tks 1 ktj U tm, mt. 2. \r 3. )_ J— tz\ ^ ^ " \ ^ ^ S r . In the first 44 Exercises the pupil is directed, by a small capilal letter, when to write the letters I and r, downward. In the sub- sequent exercises he will apply the rules for writing these letters tf.p- ward or downward. i9 Exercise 7—Upward and Downward JR. Write the Shorthand letters, and place the longhand after them. " k, l" indicate the downstrolces, and "r, 1" the upstrokes. 1. pr, pR, br, bE, tr, tR, dr, dR, chr, ch R, jr, j R. 2. k r, k R, g r, g R, f r, f R, v r, v R, th r, tli r. 3. s r, s R, z r, z R, sh r, sh R, zli r, m r, m R, n r, n R, ng R. 4. lr, 1r, it, Rr, wr, yr, lir (h up), hr (/idown). 5. rp, Rp, rb, Rb, rt, Rt, r d, Rd, rch, rj. 6. r k, R k, r g, R g, r f, R f, r y, R v, r th, r th. 7. r s, R s, r z, R z, r sh, R sh, r zh, R zh, r m, R m, r n, R n. 8. r ng, r ng, r 1, r1, r L, r r, r r, r w, r y. Exercise 8—Consonant Combinations. 7- ^ w V. I \ < ^ When the pupil has learned the Vowels and Diphthongs, pages 10 to 16, he should turn back and copy the combinations of letters, called " outlines," in Exercises 6 and 8, insert vowek, and thus make the following words:— 1. Peach, perry, rope, peer, attach, Tory, right, tire. 2. Cherry, rich, char, coach, carry, rock, car, ark. 3. Review, arrive, ferry, fire, wroth, thorough, rosy, zero. 4. Rush, sherry, sheer, roam, arm, merry, mire, rainy. 5. Arena, narrow, Nore, Laura, lower, oral, rule, rally. 6. Roar, orrery, error, were, yore, higher, hero. 7. January, family, form, death, cape, bier, shop, Monday. 8. Following, ring, York, tyranny, month, reveal, tissue. 9. Unfair, mark, top, reach, web, forty, monthly, match. 10. Ptolemy, Cato, Jacob, Judah, Paul, Mary, Johnny. (Continued.) 8. Exercise 9* 210 2. LONG VOWELS. There are six simple long vowel sounds in the English language, namely:— Sound Sign as in Sound Sign as in 1. AH P a j 4. AW thought j 2. EH m ay 5. OH so ~j 3. EE he 6. 00 poor J The vowel signs are here placed to an imaginary consonant (t) in order to show that a heavy dot represents ah, eh, or ee, according as it is placed at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end, of a consonant. A short heavy dash, when written in the same places, represents aw, oh, or oo. The order of the vowels may be remem- bered by saying, 12 3 4 5 6 Pa may be thought so poor. Places of the Vowels. Vowels that are written at the commencement of a consonant, as ah, aw, are called first-place vowels ; vowels that are written at the middle of a consonant, as eh, oh, are calledsecond-place vowels ; and vowels that are written at the end, as ee, oo, are called third-place vowels. When a vowel is placed on the left side of an upright or sloping letter, or above a horizontal one, it is to be read before the consonant; and when it is placed on the right side of an upright or sloping letter, or below a horizontal one, it is read after the consonant. The vowels' places are reckoned from the commencement of the letter. Compare, in the following diagram, the letters sh and I. BEFORE A CONSONANT. ' \ V 4 / J r* ^ > 3 s) 8/ ^ I / AFTEB A CONSONANT. \« Vs |\ ^ /p ^ __ rsr-Q ' s3. PHONETIC WRITING. The English alphabet contains but twenty-three use- ful letters (rejecting c, q, x = s, Tc, hs) to represent the forty-one distinct sounds of the language. The Phonetic alphabet provides a letter for each sound. Write the letters that represent the sounds of any given word; thus, X ape, pay, «l eat, L tea, own, no. \ Pa, Ma, ^ maiv, /C~ law, L too, L do. Exercise 10—Long Yowels. Write the longhand word after the shorthand; thus, 1. */ age, /' jay, — ~ . 'I I' "I I" ' i 2. •) > -i i- -( (- r .r ^ ^ 3. \ \ C ^ (" ^ )• I- 4. > A J ^ ^ ' Exercise 11—Long Vowels. Write each word first in shorthand, then in longhand. 1. Baa, pa, ma, fa, tah (a child's "thank you"), Shah. 2. Eight, Tay, Bey, ache, yea, they, gay, fay. 3. Bee, knee, thee, eve, fee, eel, lea, each, she, pea, ease. 4. Awl, gnaw, daw, jaw, maw, caw, paw, haw (down. h). 5. Go, oak, beau, Joe, foe, ope, know, Co. (Company). 6. Loo, too, woo, coo, shoe, pooh! 7. Ape, pay; eat^ oat, ought, tea, toe; owed, dough. 8. Chaw, chew; ?age, jay; eke, key; oaf; oa^A, though. 9. Ace, say, so, saw, see, ooze; Shaw, show. 10. Aim, may, mow; e'en, own, nay; ail, lay, law, lo. 11. Taw, awed; aiR, oaR, eaR; ray, roe, raw. 12. "Way, woe, we; ye; hay (downward h), hoe, ha! 2*12 A Long Vowel between two Consonants. First and second-place long vowels are written after the first consonant; as 11_ talk, not \i_„ talk ; gate, not gate ; / rake, not ralce. Third-place vowels are written befo7*e the second con- sonant ; as team, not team ; \ teach, not J. teach; thus, •/ __ long vowels' places. I 2 3 31 1 3^ 1 Exercise 12—Long Yowels. Write the longhand word after the shorthand, as in line 1. tame, \—s beak, \/^ pall, ~n code, pool. 4. 5. 6. I V V" S K\ > 1 Exercise 13—Long Yowels. 1. Palm (p ah m), balm, calm (I is not pronounced). 2. Sliape, shame, faith, bathe, make, fade, date, rage. 3. Beech, cheap, liege, thief, feed, beam, theme, neap. 4. Land, hawk (write h down), tall, talk, ball, balk. 5. Poach, coach, both, comb, toll, foam, coal, joke, loam. 6. Boom, doom, food, move, tomb, poop, tooth, cool. 7. Peep, paid, paiR, babe, bake, teach, taRe; dome, dooR. 8. Chalk, choke; jail, jeeR; keyed, coRe; game, goRe. 9. Folk, fame, fooL, faiR; vagne, vote, veaL; thieve. 10. Shawl (sh and I upward), shoRe, zeal; maim, name. 11. Shoal, loathe, loRe; wrote, rogue, wreathe, ream. 12. "Weep, weed, ware; yawL, yore; heed, heap, hope,13 4. SHORT VOWELS. Besides the six long vowels already explained, there are six corresponding short vowel sounds in the English language, heard in pat, pet, pit; not, nut, foot. In produ- cing these sounds the positions of the vocal organs are nearly the same as in uttering the long vowels in palm, pate, peat; nought, note, food; the chief difference being that the former vowels are more rapidly pronounced. The slight difference in the quality of sound in these pairs is most evident in palm, pat; note, nut. The short sound of ah in palm is a (say ah quickly) in pat. The short sound of a in pate is e (say eh quickly) in pet. The short sound of e in peat is i (say ee quickly) in pit. The short sound of aw in nought is o (say aw quickly) in not. The short sound of o in note is nearly u (uh) in nut. The short sound of oo in food (say oo quickly) is u in foot. By drawling a word containing a short vowel, the corresponding long vowel will be heard. Compare piclc, peeJc; cot, caught. The short vowels are represented, like the long ones, by dots and short dashes; but they are made light to indicate their short sound, thus Sound Sound 1. a that I 4. 0 as in _ not 2. e pen 5. u mwch ~ 3. l £S j 6. 00 good Sound Sign The order of the short vowels may be remembered by saying: — 1 2 .3 4 5 0 That pen is not much good. Sign The order of the short vowels may be remembered by saying: — 1 2 .3 4 5 0 That pen is not much good. When speaking of short vowels, give them names by adding the consonant t to them; thus, at, et, it, ot, ut, dot, in the same manner as the consonants are named by placing a vowel either before or after; thus, " f," ef; "m "em; "ip,"pee; "v," vee.14 A Short Vowel between two Consonants. First and third-place short vowels are written in the same position as their corresponding long vowels; as L tack, tick. Second-place short vowels are written before the second consonant; as get, wreck. Compare these words and the following diagrams with those on page 12. short vowels' places. Li r~j| f\ r^-3 i—^ " Notice the positions of the vowels in the following words:— lad, n lade, a led, a lead, a lid. *\ \ wrought, <^1 rot, wrote, rut, /J Exercise 14—Short Vowels. 1. 'I 'I j ~ ~ £_ v_ a 2. \ ^ / / _ 3. .1 / ^ V- ^ \ \ -. "1 4.1 'V ^ ^ c~ j<— 11. P. v ^ L s) 5 —1 v/ .v Exercise 15—Short Vowels. 5. 1. Lack, tap, Jack, pad, bat, bag, pap, cap, chap, lap, lad. 2. Peck, dell, keg, head, Ned, web, ledge, red. 3. Dig, tick, pig, nib, pith, pill, riLL, ditch, chip, big, dip. 4. Pock, mock, knock, chop, dot, Tom, nod, top, lodge. 5. Tuck, touch, Dutch, duck, dumb, jug, gum, thumb. 6. Pull, fuLL, shook, book, look, nook, rook.15 Long and Short Yowels. 7. Bought, boot; ball, bull; wrought, root; talk, took. 8. Paul, pool; folly, fooL; pack, pick; back, beak; lad, lid. 9. Calm, cam; rat, writ; ram,rim; boat,butt; wrote, rut, 10. Bate, bet; bake,beck; date,debt; poRe, puRR; fade,fed, 11. Funny, baby, ruby, mercy, shady, woody, cockney. 12. Yellow, bellow, fellow, mellow, hollow, holy, halo. s GRAMMALOGUES. With two exceptions, and, he, every frequently-occurring word, such as a, the, of, to, is expressed in shorthand by one of its letters, which is generally written on the line, but sometimes above or through it; thus, ^ an, (. the, V of, lx to, ^ in, ^ on, are represented by .....an or a, . the, .....of, \ to, -------in, on. Such words are called Grammalogues, or letter-words. And is repre- sented by a short, slanting, light stroke, written upward and above the line; thus, / and not by its vowel dot ' a, which represents the article a or an. He is represented by a short, upright, heavy stroke, written on the line; thus, l and not by its vowel dot, which repre= sents tl\e frequently-occurring article the. Exercise 16* .....a ox an, . the, of, \ to, ^„in, L.on, and, I he. The Grammalogues are to be written out before beginning the fol- lowing Exercise, which should be written several times, until the pupil can write it neatly (100 words) from dictation in ten minutes. The Grammalogues are printed in italic. Copy the Exercise in longhand, on alternate lines, and place the shorthand character under each word. 1. The tug boat may leave eaRly, and Tom ought to be in the ship. 2. Ask Tom to pay the bill, take a cab, and go to the dock. 3. If we take the road to the dock, we may get on the pieR, and in the boat. 4. See! the boat may leave eRe we reach the pieR, and appeaR afaR off, a dot on the calm sea. 5. Do move on the maRe, and we may catch it. 6. We ought to make much of Tom: he may make a jolly taR, and come back a tall, big fellow: may it be so.16 6. DIPHTHONGS. The double vowels, or diphthongs, heard in the words ice, owl, boy, are represented by small angular marks, it in due by a small curve, and the triphthong w~i by a small right angle; thus, : i ^ • j i I vi as in my. OW A| now. 01 i oil. U n| new. WI Li wide. I\ ow, and wl may be written in the first, second, or third place in vocalizing words, as may be convenient: u is written in the third position, and oi in the first. I and wl, when commencing words, are joined to the first consonant. Exercise 17. 1. \v |v (v (v )v ^ v) t-v Vjv: \< 2. ^ — )a (A ^ VA AI \> 77 3. «r \ r f- V r .c ^ 4. \, u M; R 5. ^__V a x A ^ "vl 6. 4 ■ ^ / vl. y v s , } ^ .1 U L. ^ Exercise 18* 1. Pie, buy, tie, die, thigh, thy, sigh, ice, eyes. 2. Shy, my, nigh, lie, pipe, type, tide, time, chime, lime. 3. PiRe, five, tiRe, ripe, ride, hide, mile, miRe, knife, right. 4. Bough, out, vow, owl, allow, pouch, couch, cowl, fouL. 5. Boy, boil, toy, toil, coy, coil, oil, foiL, annoy, use, sue. 6. Pew, due, cue, few, view, mew, youR; widely, wideR. 7. Chide, chid; pile, pill; fiLe, fiLL; pike, pick; cuRe, cur. Also copy in shorthand and longhand the words in Exercises 6 and 8. Write the consonant outline of each word without lifting the pen, and then insert the vowels.17 Exercise 19s — I, n you, \ be, I it, ) was, have. 1. Tom was in time, and we saw the ship go out on the voyage. 2. She may reach China by July, and likely enough may he back in time to allow Tom to shaRe the YuLe Tide faRe and fine. 3. I have now to leave you: I may write to you eRe long. 4. Use youR eyes in a right way; use youR time also in a right way, and so make it of value to you. 5. Live a life of purity, and so die a calm death. 7. Additional Sign for S and Z. In addition to the curved strokes ) ) for z, these letters are also represented by a small circle o Be- tween two straight consonants forming an angle, it is written on the outside of the angle. When joined to a curve it is written on the inside of the curve. A vowel cannot be written to the circle s; it can be written only to a stroke consonant, -as in the words bash, resume, etc,, lines 3 and 4. 3. V J=- 1 k, ^ 4. 1. Ps t, ps f, ps th, ps m, ps n, ts k, ts m, chs t, chs n. 2. Ks t, ks m, ks n, fs t, fs n, ms t, ms k, ms 1, ns t, ns k. 3. Wsp, wst, wsn, rst, rsp, rsn, rsm, ksp, rslv. 4. Opposite, upset, opossum, passage, pacify, beset, bestow. 5. Beseech, besom, task, tacit, extensive, dusty, design. 6. Dismay, chasten, cask, excite, oxide, oxen, gasp, gusty. 7. Physic, vista, visit, inside, answer, music, wasp, hasp. Exercise 20* Exercise 21. 318 8. Initial S Circle. S is prefixed to straight letters by making a small circle on tlie right side of p, t, ch; above h; and on the left side of an upstroke; thus, \ \ r f ft - ^ ^ sp, sb ; st, sd; sch, sj; sic, sg ; sr; as in spy, .f seed, 7° such, »/° siege, qjl_ soak. Observe that the circle s at the beginning of a word is read first, that is, bepoee the vowel j thus, is sap, not asp. S is written on tlie inside of curved letters; thus, sf, sv; ath, sth; ss, szj ssh, szh; sm; sn, sng; si j erj as,in safe, §— save, aC south, ♦)seize, seem, seen, snow, ^ sing, (F slay, sir. Exercise 22. 1. Soap, soup, spy, stay, stow, seed, sawed, siege, sage. 2. Sake, seek, safe, sieve, soothe, size, Sam, psalm, sown. 3. Sign, soon, snow, sale, soul, seal, slow, si ew, soaR, seaR. Initial SW Circle (named sway). The double consonant sw is represented by a large INITIAL circle; thus, ^ sweep, p sweet, CT^ swim, sware, 6_^ swan. Sw, not joined to another con- sonant, is written as sway. Initial ST Loop (named stee). A loop half as long as a consonant, represents st. It is used initially thus, ^ stop, 'f state, f stage, • sticJc, stuff, ^ stem, K\o U Li ^ cJ> S ps, bs j ts, ds j ehs, js; ks, gs; rs; ws, ys, hs, lis j Circle s at the end of a word is read last, that is, after the towel, as in No pace, ebbs, l> tease, L adds, & chase, ages, case, -r® gaze, rise, ^ wise, house. S is written on the inside of curved letters; thus, V^o (o 4> o* oJ cJ ^—9 s^J> fs, vsj tha, thsj ss, zsj shs,zhs: ms, ns, Dgs, Is, rs, as in face, vice, " 4 oaths, essays, ^ wose. $s, medial or final, is written by a double-sized circle; as necessity, ^ chases, exercise. Final ST and STR (named ster) Loops. A final loop half as long as a consonant represents st, and a loop two-thirds as long represents str; thus, %> past, poster; i tossed, [j* toaster; r-o cast, castor; ^ fast, faster. S may be added to these loops, and to the double s circle; as ^ posts, festers, exercises. Exercise 24. 1. Apes, base, eats, oats, tease, days, juice, cause, keys. 2. Oaks, gaze, goose, face, thaws, shows, alms, mace. 3. Neighs, nose, niece, awls, lace, laws, eaRs, rose, race. 4. Best, boaster, taste, toast, dust, chest, jester, just. 5. Coast, ghost, kissed, feast, vast,lost, most, muster, west. 6. Nests, vests, lasts, rests; excessive; paces, races. 7. Foster, duster, lustre, roaster, pastors, masters. 3*20 Exercise 25. o s — as, has, o is, his, — ..... caw. 1. Sin is the cause of the loss of souls. 2. Cease to do ill; seek to do right. 3. He says he can see Sam as he passes his house on his way to the races. 4. We have all seen the sun rise, and now we have seen it sink in the west. 5. Alas! how sad it was to lose the view so soon. 6. A stone is no soRe. Distinction between Circle S and Stroke S, and between Loop ST and S T. The circle s is generally used. The stroke s is used:— 1. When s is the only consonant in a word; as ) ace, X sigh. 2. When a word begins with a vowel followed by s; as )— ash, essence; or ends with s and a vowel; as, ^ pussy. 3. When two vowels occur after initial s, or before final s; as, science, pious. 4. In words like society, ^ possess, ^ possesses, Ccesar. "When a word begins with the sound of z, the stroke letter is used. Exercise 26* 1. \ )• T j> ^ 'u ^ lv J ^ °) 2. r P), ^ ^ \r Nj "\s C _f 3. .r o- O- V ^ ^ 4. % ^ k | -r A It > Vc° >< Exercise 27. 1. If I ask you to pursue the science of botany, it is because some day you may have to use it in this office. 2. Zeal is necessary to success in any cause. 3. It is nice in the sunny days to Listen to the joyous buzzing of the busy bees on the wing to daisy banks and meadows faiR. j21 10. INITIAL HOOKS. (Learn the Seven Double Consonants, page 4.) Initial Hook, adding R. A small hook prefixed to the left-hand side of a straight downstroke, or under a horizontal, adds JR; thus, \\ 11 II pr,br; tr, dr; chr,jr; kr, gr. It is written on the inside of curves; thus, ^ o C *) O J J fr, y r; thr, tlir; shr, zhr. mr, mpr or mbr. nr, ^ ngr [ng-gr], or nkr [ng-kr]. The forms c"\ ^ with their heavy strokes are not required for rr, srs etc., and are therefore appropriated to fr, vr, thr, thr, as duplicate signs for convenience in joining. These forms are used thus:— When a word containing no other consonant than thr, fr, or vr, commences with a vowel, write the left-hand curve; thus, ever, £ ether, VC either. But when fr, vr, or thr commences a word' use the right-hand curve; thus, v fry, Is throw, *). three. Initial Hook, adding L. A small hook prefixed to the right hand side of a straight downstroke, or on the upper side of a horizontal, and a large hook on the inside of curves, adds L; thus, w rr rr pi, hi; tl,dl; dhl.il} H, gl. ^ J) ("down) («P) fl, vl; sM, shl. C^ ml, nl. When speaking of these double consonants give them mono- syllabic names; thus, 1 should not be called tee, ar, but ter; per; f tel, pel, (T wel, etc. A distinction is thus made between p, I, pronounced as two letters, and pi pronounced as one. The former would mean "V" the latter \22 PR and Pi Hooks.—If the Eight hand be held up, with the first finger bent, the outline of tr will be seen; and if the Left hand be held up in the same way, the outline of tl will be seen. By turning the hand round in the following positions, the following double con- sonants of thepr and pi series will be formed. pr Jcr ,chr pi a forward motion, r. chl backward motion. l. 1. Exercise 28, \v \, "I ^ ^ T ^ iv r u -V ^ x *c ^ \ v- x ^ | ^ D r^ r~\ n }* r\ ^ «r Ql ^ '•1-n ^ ^ V-/ w Exercise 29k Prow, upper, tray, utter, dry, drew, pauper, knocker. Apple, plea, people, pupil, brew, "breath, broom, bring. Fibre, robber, blow, table, double, battle, fiddle. Cudgel, clean, pickle, globe, bugle, Peter, crumble. Debtor, adder, drop, leader, preacher, pusher, fisher. Pleasure, comer, calmer, banner, manner, canker. Flap, flesh [sh up], baffle, trifle, flung, hopeful. [Write shl up] bushel, official, martial, partial, initial. Penal, funnel, personal [pr, circle s, nl], penalty,venal.23 Exercise 30* In the following words select that fr, vr, thr, which joins best with the preceding or following letter: "I" means left-hand curve," r" right. 1. Friday I, frail r, freak r, froth I, frame r, proffer r. 2. Wafer r, favor I, leather r, mover r, throb r, Arthur r. 3. Brother r, bather r, fresh r [sh down], gather r, rather r. 4. Frank, Africa, freckle, friaR, frugal, frill, fresco. 5. Father, Jeffry, mother, diver, lather, river. 6. Virtue, vernal, thermal \tlir m I], thirty, frailty. Exercise 31= i but, ' who, / which, / are, our, _J shall, for, *) their, there. 1. Our teacher, who has an acre of apple and plum trees on his faRm at Bray, has promised to take us over there as soon as he can. 2. We are free to gather a couple of measures of apples for father and mother, but we shall do wrong if we break off the branches OR throw stones at the trees. 3. Flora Gray can gather a bushel for their people; she is the daughter of our neighbor. 4. There is a river which flows for ever, And the floweRs which bloom on its banks Grow bright as they glitter in grateful endeavor To vie in a perfume of thanks. Exercise 32. (On the Double Consonants} page 4.) \. *<* os c/ I I ^ ^ ^ pf, tf, chf, kf, rf, wf, lif. 25 ii. FINAL HOOKS. Final hooJc, adding N to straight letters. A small hook at the end, on the LFFT side of a downstroke, UNDJEB a horizontal, or on the BIGHT side of an upstroke, adds 1V; thus, \ J J pn, tn, elm, kn, rn, wn, hn. Final Hook, adding N to Curves. A small hook at the end of a curve adds N; thus, ^ fn, vn, tlin, sn, zn, shn, zhn, mn, mpn, nn, ngn, In, rn. There is no/or v hook to curved letters. Final Shon [-tion] Hook. A large final hook represents the termination -tion; thus, ^ passion, l—) auction, —3 cushion, fashion. After a straight stroke write the -tion hook on the side opposite to the vowel sign. These hooks may be used medially when they give easy joinings. Exercise 35. L \ V X \ J- Ja J' Jv JA 3 3" 2- X ir /* -p V X J \ ^ ^ ^ S' C^> ^ ^ ^ ^ 6^ ^^ l__D Exercise 36. 1. Pain, plain, pun, blown, bun, brain, town, deign, train. 2. Drone, chin4 bean, crown, cone, join, cane, grain, glean. 3. Fine, vine, even, thine, shine, ocean, man, noon, lane. 4. Puff, proof, beef, brief, bluff, tough, trough, deaf. 5. Chafe, chaff, calf, cough, cuff, cliff, grief, grave, reef. 6. Hoof, huff, waif, turf, tariff, drive, derive, roof. 7. Fusion [write u inside the hook], nation, ovation. 8. Admission, tension, donation, lotion, eRasion.26 Exercise 37* c— care, °s\ from, ^ very. 1. We took the down train from town at nine o'clock, and our run over the iRon way to the ocean, though brief, wa^sery enjoyable. 2. There was some rain in the eaRly morn, which gave a freshness to the green turf and trees. 3. It was fine fun to dine on the reef by the high cliff. 4. There was a sudden rise of the tide, which caused much commotion \Jc, m, and tion hook] and some fun; for the invasion of a big wave foRced us to run for the shoRe. 5. If we have occasion to go there again, we shall take care to keep above the action of the surf, away from the sea. Circle S added to a Final Hook. S is added to the final hook of a straight letter thus, ^ J c/ —o |g / _3 ^ ^ ^ (j pns, tns, chns, kns, rns, wns, hns ; pfs, tfs, chfs, kfs, rfs, wfs, hfs j t-tions as in ^ pains, J" tones, c/ chains, 7—0 coins, once, ^ Puffs) ^ doves, coughs, o? waves, % passions. S is added to a final n or -tion hook after a curve, thus, ^ feigns, ^0 veins, visions, shuns, ^ means. Ss is joined with the n hook after a straight letter, thus, c/' chances ; but ss cannot be written inside a hook. The final st and str loops when added to a straight consonant on the 71 hook side represent nst, nstr; thus, r-^o canst, against, \s, punster. Exercise 38* 1. ^V> \ t J' L c/ _D ~TO 2. o-£> ^ Va c £ 'cbA cj'27 Exercise 39* 1. Pence, beans, tunes, plains, spoons, brains, blains. 2. Fines, feigns, means, nouns, lanes, lines, eaRns. 3. Doves, chiefs, cuffs, calves, caves, gloves, waves, serves. 4. Pounces, prances, bounces, dances, chances, glances. 5. Instances, distances, trances, cleanses, princes. 6. Lances, offences, balances, romances, excellences. 7. Danced, chanced, pounced, dispensed, spinster. Exercise 40* —- calif him, mere, _____ more. 1. Some scribe has said, Man is like a mere straw upon the stream of time, swayed by the supreme foRce of the tide. 2. But no man is a mere cypher. 3. "We ought rather to call him a strong swimmeR, able to strike out against the waves. 4. OnLy he who strug- gles against the tide may hope to succeed. 5. The lazy man will receive more cuffs than pence. 6. Wise men turn their faces against such silly notions as chance and luck. A Final Hook and a Final Vowel. A final hook should be used when it represents the last sound of a word; as, men, calf; but when a word ends with a vowel, the preceding consonant must be written by a stroke letter; thus, many, coffee. Exercise 41. 2. ^ 2, O ^ '!■ "k 3. r ^ r i, ^ ^ ^ 4. Bone, bony; spoon, spoony; puff, puffy; Jane, Jenny. 5. Cone, coney; gun, agony; fan, Fanny; vain, avenue. 6. Man, many, manna, money; rave, review; rain, rainy. 7. Buff, bevy; nine, ninny; pansy, iRony, renew.28 12. THE ASPIRATE. H is represented by—1. The alphabetic character 1 written downwards; as^ Hugh, Zl haiolc, Z— hag. 2. By the alphabetic sign written upward, when it joins more conveniently; as hero, 6^ honey. 3. By a tick [the lower part of J~\ before r downward., I upward, s, z, m, mp ; as ^ here, hail, J hiss, v hymn, ^ hemp. The downward h is reduced to a tick (made maZler) before s, m, I, r. 4. By a dot before a vowel; as happy, *'V_ half. Exercise 42* 1. / % 11 P L 2. -rf-r 4. 4 <32 Exercise 52. 1. Tempt, stemmed, deemed, doomed, aimed, seemed. 2. Sent, send, sound, hand, made, mud, middle, 3. Impend, impound, impugned. 4. Let, light, fault, melt, knelt, ailed, old, bold, field. 5. Fold, nailed, kneeled, railed, part, paired. T or d is expressed by halving either a thin or thick consonant:— (a) In words of more than one syllable; as rate, X1 rated; ^ vote, voted; rabid, rabbit, beautiful, rapid, ^ habit, alphabet, ^ debated, \l buckled, declined. (Z>) In words of one syllable with a final hook, or circle added to a. hook; as ^ paint or pained, % spent or spend, ^ paved, % plant or planned, trained, % drift, % drafts, % plants, J" tents or tends. Exercise 53. 1. Fatted, fitted, spotted, plated, coated, cheated, knitted. 2. Defeated, devoted, peopled, toppled, coupled, cackled. 3. Titled, pickled, shackled [sA up], tumbled, assembled. 4. Enjoyed, posted, checked, jacket, brigade, floated. 5. Spectacles, paired, cheered, displayed, disavowed. 6. Buckled, ordered, Alfred, Herbert. 7. ^ < ^2 W . Waw, too may be joined to Jci upward r, tr> chri shr• as a— (waw 7c) walk, warn, ^ water, J) washer. The sign :> may be joined to Jc> g, mi and c to I (down), at the beginning of a word, to represent w only; as, 3— wTc) ^ torn; thus, wake, 3—• week, fs wagon, 7r~^ woman, >-rs women, William. The dissyllabic diphthong ee-a, ee-i, or ee-u, is written u third position; asireal, seeing, museum. Exercise 59= 1. 2~=- 0 3_j__ 3 >| 'oly 2. r r c r T V 3. Waxen, wake, week, weakness, wakeful, wall, wail. 4. Way, whey, whack, whang, Whig, whisk, whistle. 5. Warm, warmer, wallow, willow, woollen, walker.36 Exercise 60« C # 3 c when, 3 tvould, — ......0 first. 1. When tlie first twenty miles of railway were laid in India, in the eighteenth year of the reign of Queen Victoria, the area of British India was over one million square miles. 2. Since that period other portions of Asia have been annexed, and the navvy has carried on his work with so much industry that there are now few great cities that have not a railway station. 3. With what enthusiasm would the old Directors (dr Tc trs) of India have hailed this boon to the country! 16. Vocalization of the PL and PR Series. A dot vowel may be expressed between the two letters of one of these double consonants commencing with a hook, by writing a small circle before the consonant for a long vowel, and after the consonant for a short vowel; thus, <\C~~^ parlor, °A0 chairman, German. Write the stroke vowels through the consonant; as ""L torment, cH-° course, school; or at the beginning or end; as P child, figuration. Outlines that require this method of vocalization seldom occur. Exercise 61, L F C 5— ^ V 2. 1. Till the time of Beau Nash, Bath had been dormant and cheerless, but the arrival of Nash acted like a charm. 2. His will was paramount. 3. He made laws with re- spect to the duties of chairmen and the garments of the rich. 4. Nash's body was interred in the Abbey church.37 17. Prefix CON or COM, and Affix ING. The prefix con or com is expressed by a light dot at the commencement of a word thus, [' contest, V combine. " The affix ing is a light dot at the end of a word; thus, J eating; ings, a short dash / \ as turnings. Write the stroke w or when it is more convenient; as rising, V? facings. The final dot ng is not used in monosyllables. Write —Icing, long, wing, etc. Exercise 62* 1. Speaking without thinking is shooting without aim- ing. 2. Confidence is the companion (hook n after p) of success, and the soul of commerce (Jc mrs). 3. Concealing faults is but adding to them. 4. Cloudy mornings (dash ings) often bring clear evenings (stroke ngs). 5. Consider both what is fit to be said, and when to say it. 6. Con- ceit (dot con and circle s and stroke t) is the sign of a weak mind. 18. STOPS. A full stop is marked in Phonography by a small cross x and a dash by All other stops and signs are written in the usual way. A capital letter, to distinguish a proper name, is shown thus:—■ CNA, 7 Brown, Jones and Robinson. Figures are written in the ordinary way. Exclamations, " Ah I . Eh ? 1 O, Oh ! Exercise 63* The pupil has now learned 43 Gframmalogues: the full list for the Learner's Style, as given on the next page, is 56. Commit to memory the remaining 13 words and then copy the following list, placing the shorthand sign or logogram before each word. See Grammalogues (page 38). Above the line. What, with, as, has, I, all, and, on, of, a, an, not, in, that, can, short, nor, more, cannot, call. On the line. When, would, you, first, is, his, who, could, should, but, to, the, shall, thing, was, think, them, have, give, given, be, are, which, it, there, their, dear, near, mere, from, for, he, told, great, care, him, very, will, without. Through the line. Put, our.38 ip. LIST OF GRAMMALOGUES. The student has already learned most of the following Gramma- logues. They are given in alphabetic order in this list for the con- venience of reference. Words marked (1) are written above the line; words marked (3) through the line; the others rest on the line. — a, an (1) -1. all (1) / __________and (1 up) ^ are (up) 0 ----as, has (1) \ be i but — call (1) — can (1) .......cannot (1) c— care _ could 1 dear 0 first for ^ from _ give-n e— great V. have i he ? n him v_ I, eye(l) ^ m (1) 0 is, his 1 ^ — c— -a ^ ^—' c\ ow ...........................C37........w_p. e- er-s W \ A39 20. SHORTHAND EXERCISES. Exercise 65* The following Exercise contains all the Grammalogues on page 38. My and me, in the following Exercise, and a few other words in the subsequent pages, are written above the line to prepare the writer for the Corresponding Style, in which these words will become Grammalogues in the first position. ^ 1 /I, - r I, r n Y 1 « * ■ ^ ^ 4 ' e* „ , c < ^ ~ ■ x' ( r* (x' ) ^ ^ ^ ~ . «<~y," , . G w . "}" ' " ^ \" ~ \ -1 C C X N -—' S CS* 5 )% I _ )- ( „ - /\ i / „ V. ~ X ° °, v ( < " ' J" o • q- x o J- \v |_l£ : ^ \r w l-"x L _ x _y . ^ ) X . s V "*> ° V P \v c - Aj ; ^ ^ ^ \ yl , c 1^, ^ 3 | 0 x ^ ./>,"* J \jo N ^ ; ' V ( V J ~ )>- V. « > ^ - • Vx"40 Exercise 66—East Sentences. 1. w \ .1 , i .1 N f\ * 2. Iv ( / o -<1 ; < / o \ x 3. \ ^ s r\-, ( ^ o n ^ \ |vx 4. x \ N o 1 v \ . ^ N rK * 5. ( / „ V. N ls , Is C N ^ V X 6. • ^ ^ \s , ■ ^ \ s k * 7. ^ \ ^ , \ s \ rx 8. w I U^:, 7 * j~ f~> 0 ' ^ ° - h Exekcise 67—TRY. 1 ^ ^ ^ v- "Iv," / ) )" ( . ^ ^ w < , H; 7 ✓ ) )- ^ ^ c (• ^ P 'N o ^ v x , . u ^ ) )■ 7 'I S A o , ^ | 3 1 7 \^i_ <5 ' f~\ >1, s s ^ ( i ~ \ .a - ^41 ( Al 1 ^ 5 C ^<° I I ^ ( \ ^ » A i., (• y ^ 'V ^ ^ c ^ ^ 0 ) ^ ^ x I ^ " •/ x ;" ' c / o_& ■ - " % ^ ' Jj-, ■ Vs X •/ o ^ \ N ~ ^ t ^ C - U T O oAq s ) > c (• W '• y ' ^'\ (• = )•' -, * ~ o V, ' -w ( N Tv X Exeecise 68—TRY AGAIN. t>. o " S « Iv % < -( v^- L, •L, e \J^S ^ ~ „ ? 5L (, ^—1 ( Ja . vf S x \v / ' w )x . ^ "I ' cJ . J x 1 Vt" , )~ V % l c- a| *- . ) o ^ x " J" 'V_ ^ . \^-o, ^ ," f ., ° -> .] ( » ^ ^ • V,, 7 v v --1 S U- O (_ 7 y x" , ^ r- •r,^ ^ j-, < j i. ~ i .A < _ \ . 0 , V_! Ja . r* X ^ ^ . jx "i," f . -7 ^9 x» « !f -^t i- °>\}" .. r""\ £t-L, v ^ ^ \ )~, - 'i . u43 - v ) ~ -) n r# c, x s • ( ■ tf\, > ' ^ i ) ' ' - -y, ' ° , . f,"' « j v . «- \>~ ? s ^,y ■* o ^ ^ v / o /? \ \ ) " r, i ) ^ k, " < o v w, > v J - r „ - ^ ^x" , ( ^ '! . ^ -41 Exercise 70. psalm 19. ^ 1 a. c \ v id v> Ss© .cJi -)-y^ . vJ^I CLix , f' V |-, t ° °n ^ , , ^ <* ' ^1 -x 03 °. w . ' ^ l_0 s/\ • ? ' X N . A /* . ^ s s m : ^ ^ ( ^ s v*, /a.r)h v^. i ° (• y, ^ v^_p ' ^ ^ X/(o- vr v ? ^ |„. -j v i ^ >_ '*- -*• Q T\~^ , vLC_>5 vi- ^ ? . ^ U /■*>* ' r\ ° x x 7 3 c ^ 7 I- ' ~ \ £ J"0 ^ N ^ (v s^s) J lr x ^ , \ s c (• x ). s 8 c C a~Sp ? '* (A 1 ^ . (• c a ^ ^ ^, ' <£ o r J , y c ^ ^ ^ «u~; ^,'1^1^ ^ r c x n '1 n (v %, x —Rev. Richard Richmond. Se e JPhonetio Journal, 12th March, 1887.46 21.—CONCLUSION. When the student has completed the course of lessons given in the preceding pages, he is recommended to procure JiSsop's Fables in words of one Syllable, for additional practice in reading- Short- hand, together with the Manual of Phonography, which contains a more abbreviated style of writing than could be developed in an elementary treatise like the present. While studying these books, and copying out the Shorthand Lessons which they contain, the pupil should forward a few of his own Exercises to some member of the Phonetic Society for gratuitous examination and correction. It will be almost useless for him to seek the aid of the Society before he has copied out all the Exercises in this Phonographic Teacher, and thus made himself familiar with the principles of the system. He is also advised to subscribe for the Phonetic Journal, Id. per week, or, in a wrapper, 5d. per month. This periodical contains 12 columns of Shorthand weekly, printed in three styles, entitled the Learner's, the Corresponding, and the Reporting, to- gether with a Key. The Journal also contains intelligence of the progress of Phonography and the Spelling Keform throughout the woi4d, a list of names of new members of the Phonetic Society, and articles on interesting subjects. directions por preparing- and sending exercises by post. Write in Phonography, on ruled paper, a few verses of Scripture, or a short extract from a newspaper, leaving every alternate line for corrections and remarks, and send the exercise (with the printed slip of the newspaper, if such be employed,) to any member of the Phonetic Society, enclosing an envelope, stamped and addressed, for its return. A complete List of the Society for the current year, price 2d., may be obtained from the publishers of this book, or through any bookseller ,• and the names of a few members will be found m any number of the Phonetic Journal. Phonographers are respectfully invited to qualify themselves to join this Society, and thus aid in the general extension of Phonography and the introduction of phonetic writing and printing. The perusal of one or two shorthand books, or the shorthand department of the Pho- netic Journal will afford the student that familiarity with the Phonographic signs which is indispensable to rapid reading and writing. Learners are cautioned against persons who profess to teach Phonography through the post for a fee. Money spent by the pupil in this way may be wasted. Any assistance he may require will be cheerfully given by members of the Phonetic Society through the post. If the pupil should find any difficulty in understanding and applying the rules of the system, he is recommended to obtain personal instruction, where it is possible.the INDEX. Additional sign for S or Z, page 17 Affix ing, 37 Analo gy of sound and sign, 7 Aspirate, 28 Cauti4n to learners about lessons by A, 46,' last paragraph Circle* S, initial, 18; final, 19 Circle S added to an initial hook, 24 added to a final hook, 26 Circle J? a&d stroke *S", distinction betv^een, 20 • Con, (Com prefix, 37 Conclusion, 46 Consonants, arranged in the order of tl ie new or phonetic alphabet, 4 Dor j. ^addedby halving a consonant, 31 Diagrams showing the formation of the consonants, 6, 7 Diagrams showing the positions of vowels, 10, 12, 14 Diphthongs, 16; Wand Y Series, 35 Directions to the pupil on commenc- ing jthe practice or shorthand, 3^ Directions for preparing and sending Exercises by post, 46 Distinction between circle S and strike S, and between loop ST and s 7r, 20 Double consonants, 4, 23 Exercise containing all the gtam- malogues, 39 Final hobks, 25 „ book, adding N, 25 ) F or V, 25 N to curves, 25 » ,. „ -Hon, 25 ,, S circle, 19 „ SlT and STR loops, 19 Final hq'ok and a final vowel, 27 Gramm&logues, 15 L list of, 38 I, . first Exercise with,15 Exercise containing ; all, 39 H, signs for, 28 Halving principle, 31 Ing affix, 37 Initial jhooks, 21 took, adding R, 21 L, 21 IS circle, 18 jSW circle, 18 1ST loop, 18 Joined consonants, 7 Z, upward and downward, 29 Letter-words or Grammalogues, 15, 38 Logograms or word-letters, 38 Long vowel between two consonants, 12 Long vowels, 10-12 Loop .ST* and S T, distinction be- tween, 20 Names of the short vowels, 13, last paragraph Order of the Vowels, 10, 13 PR and PL consonants, how vocal- ized, 36 Phonetic Writing, 11 Places of'the Vowels, 10, 12, 14 Preface, 3 Psalm 19, a shorthand Exercise, 43 Psalm 23, a shorthand Exercise, 44 Prefix con and Affix ing, 37 R, upward and downward, 8, 29 S and Z, additional sign for, 17 S circle, initial, 18 ; final, 19 S circle and stroke S, 20 5VS* double circle, 19 ST loop, initial, 18 „ final, 19 „ and S T, 20 STR loop, final, 19 Sentences of six words, showing the order of the vowels, 10, 13 Short vowels, 13, 14 Short vowel between two consonants, Stops, 37 # [14 SW circle, initial, 18, 24 T or D added by halving a conso- nant, 31 -Tion termination, how to write, 25 " Try," a shorthand Exercise, 40 _ " Try again," a shorthand Exercise, 4i Upward and downward R and L, 29 Vocalization of the Pi? andPZ series of double consonants, 36 Vowels, long, 10; short, 13 Vowels, places of, 10, 12, 14 W and Y series of diphthongs, 35 " When all thy mercies, O my God," a shorthand Exercise, 45 "Wolf and the Lamb," a shorthand Exercise, 42 Word-letters, or Logograms, 15, 38 Y and W series of diphthongs, 35CATALOGUE OF SHORTHAND BOO! New York : Isaac Pitman & Sons, 3 East Fourteenth Sv The Books given below are for Sale by all Booksellers, or ■ sent post-paid on receipt of price by the Publishers. The Books recommended to the Student are the " Phone phic Teacher," " Key," and " Progressive Studies." The Art be learned from these books. The Members of the Phonetic Society correct the lessons of lea gratuitously. See page 46 of the " Teacher." KEY to the "Phonographic Teacher." Of great value t Private Student. Pricel PROGRESSIVE STUDIES in PHONOGRAPH* simple and extended exposition of the Art of Phonetic S.1 hand, for the use, principally, of students who are teac themselves. Price 30c. ; cloth, EXERCISES in PHONOGRAPHY; a series of grad~ sentence exercises, illustrating the principles of the art 2 veloped in the " Phonographic Teacher." Price 2C., post-paid PITMAN'S " FONO" HEAD-LINE SHORTHA COPY BOOKS, Nos. 1 to 6 : a series of Copy B containing the Exercises of the <( Phonographic Teac1 and the " Manual," set as shorthand copies. Price IOC- e The PHONOGRAPHIC EXERCISE BOOK ; nia " ruled paper, single lines. Pri'pe -flsSOP'S FABLES ; in the Learners' Style of Shorthan^d. EASY READINGS ; in the Learners' Style of Skovth with Key at the end of the book. Price A MANUAL of PHONOGRAPHY ; containing a coWi exposition of the system. 700th thousand. ] Price 40c. ; cloth, The PH9N9GRAPHIC READER ; a course of Rea Exercises in Phonography, with a Key in ordinary typel. The PHONOGRAPHIC REPORTER, or REPQ ER'S COMPANION. Price 60c. ; clotty The PHONETIC JOURNAL, (Circulation 24, [r Published Weekly, 24 pages, price 2c. post-paid, 3c. number contains 10-12 columns of shorthand, with Key. — f See Isaac Pitman & Sons' Complete Catalogue, gratis and poshThis book is a preservation facsimile produced for the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. It is made in compliance with copyright law and produced on acid-free archival 60# book weight paper which meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (permanence of paper). Preservation facsimile printing and binding by Northern Micrographics Brookhaven Bindery La Crosse, Wisconsin 2015