f would begin.

EX-PRESIDENT TAFT’S
PHILIPPINES SPEECH

Continued From Page 5.

silver peso with the gold peso in a cir-
culation of about $-10,000,000. That gold
standard fund earns interest and earns
exchange. With the balance over and
above the nine millions, we have added
gi eatly to the sources of income, of the
island government, amounting to about
$2,200,000, and we may anticipate an
earning of $250,000 a year in the future.

Indeed, we have earned for the Govern-
ment in the time we have been there, by
financial transactions of this sort, $3,240,-
000 interest on deposits and $850,000 for
sale of exchange. On our 4 per cent,
bonds, of which w'e issued $12,000,000 for
Purposes of improvements and for fhe
friars’ lands, of which I am about to
speak, we had a premium of $850,000. In
other words, all told up to date, there
has inured through the financial opera-
tions of the Government, to the' benefit
of the Filipino people, and for their use

for general purposes, $7,000,000. Consid- differed with it in

tionVoes* nofexceed1 over"*)	and-have P^P^sied that the changes now

Dually if wm	n	$9,000,000 an- made would disturb business, but I would

«<■ **.?! l ‘l1 be &een bow larSe a bane- far rather have my prophecies prove

wrong than have hard times and the suf-
fering^ that may follow them. I am no
calamity howler or seeker, with the hope
that my party may cflimb into power over
the destruction of business or any other
disaster to the people. The truth is 1
would much prefer the continuance of the
present Administration to the success of
a party or candidate whose principles
necessarily would involve the loss

Tjini ImoUixiAA l>AiLI EAGLE. SEW

sels carrying away vour
would hardly get

*****»< -

IMLihaGAi', NOV KILLER 20, 1913.



_	-	But even if mistakes arr m.-.fie, hard ex-

iOr the good of the Islands. bperience will teach S" •» ‘salutary les-

«uia nardly get through the nasc^>! m NT. auu-	inaccuracies leniaie lor some time V •once.

Ssrz ‘SS.	i; :t...5 ”'s

truth as

a»y intelligent use of his facu!- I to conditions in the island* as they will,
ties in the examination of records avaii-

■wrw	'n \‘le examination of records avail- and communicate it to Hr : -.ViIson, The address at the

Wliat of the Policy of the New Ad- ab!® f° hlm and the weighing of evidence j I have confidence that 1> M direit them Wa« u-v-ipr tu	. '	y 5ast mgnt

i A*	that IS at his h p n rl	I-T^ Vi esc allouTArl flhCi	rotnonA    „ 4-  :	... i j I b	tile aUSDICeft of fhd	trn

MR. TAFT, DINNER GUEST,

AT THE HAMILTON CLUB



that is at his hand

intriguing of the politicians of the Phil
to exercise in-

—___ completely to

hoodwink him as to the circum-
stances in the	Islands	and brought,

him to the advocacy of a bill
which would be	absurd	in its opera-

tion and which would destroy the benefit
of everything that has been done in the
Islands up to this time.

over $9,000,000 an

any, It will be seen

fit this has been.

The Friars’ Lands.

We had to buy the friars’ lands. We
iad to do it in order to prevent insur-
rection by the 60,000 tenants of the
briars, which would have been followed
k we restored the Friars to possession,
^they were entitled to be restored, be-
they were the lawful owners of the
L*6 found that if the Government
jy the	would

gave

ministration P

tr/ ara balt® conscious that my relation I ippVnes^who' have ‘s'ought
to this Administration is such as to sug- I fluence in Washington
&eA at once that not infrequent weak- •	- - -

}’eo® of human nature which manifests
itself m one who has given up a task,
to enjoy criticising the work of him who
succeeds to It. It is very rare that a
minister who is called from the pulpit
to sit in a pew under the sermons of his
successor can regard with judicial atti-
tude and fairness the sermons that he
lias to hear from one who has sup-
planted him, and I wish earnest!y to
guard myself against yielding to such a
natural state of mind. But in respect
e Philippines, I have a feeling quite
different from that toward almost every
other issue that is current in govern-
mental matters today. I am out of poli-
tlcs- 1 have no desire but the success
is Administration, of course, I have

Mr. Haimison’s Removal of Able Bu
reau Chief.

Upon the

arrival of Mr. Harrison in
Manila, and as soon as he had announced
his policy, he called for the immediate
resignation of the heads of six or seven
of some of the most important Bureau
Chiefs in the Islands, and announced his
intention of appointing Filipinos to some
of these places and Americans from the
United States to others. Among these
bureaus are that of Customs of Public
Lands, of Internal Revenue and of
Health. These are bureaus that require
for their proper administration a, thor-
ough knowledge of the Islands 'and a
technical familiarity with especial stat-

He has allowed the , to retrace any steps which uia; ' ave led j T ...
tieians nf the Phil- i them away from the co ins marked out stltute
a decade ago by McKir«:ey ami ?. jot and
successfully followed c- wu t« . .rch 4,

1913. My confidence is ••: on ..he lan-
guage used by Preside:	d in his

work on “Constitutional e; mnent” in
respect to our duty if "y. Philippines,
where he says:

“Self-government is not * me form
qf. institutions, be had wben .Jesi*ed,
if only proper pains be iaken. It is a
f- rm of character, itI folicw8 upon the
long discipline which gi, m people self-
possession, self-mastery, ihe up *it of or-
der and peace and com-rmu	: msel, and

a reverence for law7 whl-h will not fail
when they themselves M-corae tUs makers
of law, the steadiness^.	• ntrol of

political maturity. And1 is things can-

not be had without loni (its :ip?in
“The distinction is o' M. i concern to
us in respect of practical choices of policy
which we must make,! and nuke very
soon. We have dependencies to deal with
and must deal with them in the true
spirit of our own institutions. We can
give the Filipinos constitutional govern-
ment, a government' which they may
count upon to be just, a 'government based
upon some clear and P^uitable under-

auspices of the Brooklyn
of Arts and Sciences, and on the
stage with Mr. Taft were A. Augustus
7, ly’ wbo Presided, and Borough Pres-
ident Lewis H. Pounds, who followed
■ r. Taft as the only other speaker at
the Academy. G. Waring Stebbins presid-
ed at the organ.

Immediately after the exercises in Mu-
sic -Hai], Mr. Taft entered an automo-
bile and drove to the Hamilton Club
where a dinner was given in his honor by
a committee from the council of associate
members of the Institute,, consisting of
Herbert L. Bridgman.

chairman; La-

er of Wisconsin. Martin I.'gan, Mr. Taft's Placently:
representative in the Philippines, and about the

Hord, president of the Manila Court.”—Lippincott’s.

John

National Bank, likewise a personal friend
of Mr. Taft.

Those who attended the dinner at the :
Hamilton Club were:

R. Ress Appleton. William Berri, Ed- '
ward C. Blum. Henry H. Benedict, Willis j
Boughton, the Rev. Dr. Nehemiah Boyn- i
ton, Herbert L. Bridgman, the Rev.
Morrison R. Boynton. George W. Brush,
Congressman William M. Cald-^, Isaac
H. Cary, J. Osgood Carleton. George Id
Coleman, William H. Cary, Frank Conk'
William Courtney, Guy Du Val. Gates
D. Fahnestock, Edward H. Fallow's, Dr.
William L. Felter, Richard E. Forrest,
Charles E. Ilarrisou, A. Augustus Healy,
William V. Hester, James T; Hoile,
Franklin W. Hooper. John S. Hord. Jas.
R. Howe, Henry I. Judson, Horatio C.
King, F. j, h. Kracke, Almet R. Latson,
William E. Macnaughtan. the Very Rev.
Edward W. McCarty, Robert B. Mont-
j gomery. John Hill Morgan, Mr. New-

1	W*--

I don’t. I’m only concerned
reputation of the Supreme



Herb White. Dr. William U^Fel^, 1	WillS^V NiclX^oio^'^

mrpert Row and Professor Franklin L- °S<ie:n. Clayton A. Peters,

W. Hooper.

waTshesimnievre ^ t tabies' eacb of which
was simply but strikingly

personal attention and skill of the head
of -the Health Bureau the physical wel-
fare of the people of the Islands directly
necessarily would involve the loss of an; de^ends’ becHuse in that part of ohe
independent judiciary the subversion AM worid ‘ha diseases to which flesh is heir
---T:. .. f	•y' u*o ,suoversion^ |pregs cgnstantly for victims, and in-
creasing vigilance is the price of Im-

utes and bureau regulation^. Upon the i standing, intended for their good and not

n ava ah I It	av.	.7 aItHI	4- Ia hnofi \	-------_i •	, i i

constitutional government, and the^
ening of all the guaranties of.

-LilL£Ln*.v-	r ihLii- r

a decade. We paid a large price for the
lands because we wrere paying for a
political object. WTe were not making a
laud speculation. They cost us nearly
$7,000,000, and we paid for them in bonds
at 4 per cent., realizing from their sale
the premium to which I have referred.

We have now sold about half of the
lands, and half remains with us, but it
is perfectly evident that we are going to
pay off with the sales from the lands
the obligations that the Islands have as-
sumed. There has thus been eliminated
an open sore in the social and political
body of the islands which Vould have
•involved them in constant pain and most
injurious disturbances of law and order.

Marvelous Effect of Free Trade With
the United States.

After laboring for nine years as hard
as I could, and urging upon the American
Congress the duty of opening the mar-
kets of the United States to the Philip-
pines, I was able, in the Payne bill, to
secure practically free trade between the
islands and the United States, and the
effect of that change upon the business
of the islands has been most marked. The
business, as judged by the internal reve-
nue tax on merchants sales—an excellent
measure of business done—was stationary
or decreasing for the four years preced-
ing 1909, when the Payne bill was passed,
going into effect at the end of that year.

The business wras $190,000,000 in 1909. It
increased to $228,000,000 in 1910, to
$266,000,000 in 1911, to $286,000,000 In 1912.
and to $336,000,000 in 1913. The trade with
the United States in 1899, the imports
from the United States wrnre $1,100,000
and the exports to the United States wTere
$3,500,000, or a total of $4,700,000. It in-
creased in 1909 to $5,000,000 imports from
the United States, and $10,000,000 exports,
or a total of $15,000,000. But in the next
four years, under the Payne bill, the
trade increased so that in 1913 the to-
tal imports from the United States,
Instead of being $1,100,000, as they
frere in 1899, became $25,400,000,
While the exports to the United States
Increased to $20,000,000, or a total of
trade of $45,000,000 as compared with
$4,700,000 in 1899. The total trade of the
islands, including that with the United
an ev, vj i'rc siartliQ.f lu-
imports in the ie lands in | -Mr

this question of the Philippines with1 ^
impartial judgment, with very consider^
able knowledge and experience, and in no
spirit of carping criticism. I concede an
intense personal interest in the subject,
for one does not give thirteen years of
the best years of his life to the w'orking
out of so interesting a human .and gov-
ernmental problem as this without hav-
ing a personal interest. It concerns the
welfare of 8,000,000 people, aul the fame
of one’s country before the world is con-
spicuously involved in its solution. But
I do not care who has the credit of doing
the thing which has to be done in those
islands.' The politics of this country have

mnity fromthem. I sincerely hope that
»------------------------------

not the	of a tendency

toward the spoils system. _

The universal testimony will bear out
the statement that in the thirteen years
of government under Mr. McKinley, Mr.
Roosevelt and myself, partisan consider
ations were given no weight in aPPoin ‘
ments or policy. Judges and ali other
American officials were selected mdmer
ently from Republicans and Democrats,
and it will be a serious impairment of
efficiency in government if any departure
from this course is taken.	_

Of course, these removals, by Mr. Har-
rison with a suggestion that some Pin-



more about the problem and its diffi-
culties than any of the gentlemen in this
Administration that 1 have a duty and a
right to venture to call their attention
to some of the dangers that beset them,
and to some of the mistakes that have
been made, if reports that have come
from Manila as to what is being done
there are authentic.

The Administration is bur'dened by un-
fulfilled prophecies of disaster for, and

will pour into the ears of the new Gov-
ernor General will help to deafen to
the warning of those who know bette ,
and have no such motive for misrepresen-
tation.

Ignoring of Valuable Sources oi In
formation.

...... ---------- --	■	There were a number.of persons both

criticisms of, our Philippine policy of the ,n tjlig country and in the Islands whose
last decade which were made by^ the CXpef;ence and opportunity for observa-
Demoeratic party in three National plat- tjon in governmental matters in the Isl-

Sslands. includ

^37

■ESSi'-SSL

forms. Those planks have been much. |
moderated in the last platform of 1912.
where there was some indication that
they realized that, whatever has been,
said as to the merits of the issue in 1900,
1904 and again in 1908. that the present
condition of the islands vindicated those
who had been responsible for the crea-
tion of the present government and the
management of the affairs of the Philip-
pine people. I judge that the Adminis-
tration is in a situation where it wishes
to do something in order to vindicate
the party stand, but I confidently hope
that they will be content, with what they
have already done and not go further
into dangerous change that will ulti-
mately lead to disaster.

Declaration of Policy by This -Admin-
istration.

The present, declaration of the Admin-
istration that they are looking forward
to ultimate independence has been ac-
cepted bv the politicians of the Philip-
ptne Islands as a great boon, although,
McKialJ m ------------------- ■■	1



______________fft,CK*0ffK!0 and t.ne

-	*54.00(1.00°. w a iota! •'!

$IiO.vOp.OOtk,, an increase from $28,000;000
to $110,000,000 under the beneficent rule
nf the American Government.

Autonomy in the Philippines.

' Finally, with the sincere purpose of
preparing the Filipinos for self-govern-
ment, and giving them such a political
'training that they may acquire the self-
restraint and the character of self-gov-
jernmeut, as President Wilson calls it. in
■fx passage which I hope at a later part of
(this, address to quote, they have com-
plete autonomy in their municipalities,
■subject of course to the disciplinary con-
trol of the governor for dereliction in
office. They' have a similar complete
autonomy in the provincial governments
except that the treasurer of fhe province
is an American. In 1906, by the act of
Congress, the National Representative
Assembly was organized, whose members
.were elected by the electorate of the
Ghristiah Filipino part of the islands in
districts, and the Assembly was given
equal power of island legislation over
Christian Filiponi territory with the
Commission.

I have referred to the fact that the
judges are about equally divided between
the Filipinos and the Americans, and to
the ratio in number and salaries paid as
■between Americans and Filipinos in the
Civil Service. If we are to be criti-
cised at all for what has been done in
. the islands down to 1918, it is that, we
went a little too rapidly in extending the
■political power of the native Filipinos,
hut we were anxious to give them as
much power as could be trusted to them
as a means of educating them to t.hc
responsibility of a self-governing peopie.

High Character of American Govern-
ment in Philippines.

I have thus considered somet of the
main benefits which American ^control
has conferred upon the FiiipinU^people.
It is doubtless long and tedious", but 1
have left so much unsaid in respect to
ether details of progress that I cannot
but think that the picture is very incom-
plete. The Philippines have been visited
in recent times by many students of gov-
ernment, and their verdict has generally
been one of highest praise for the work
that has been done during the past dec-

A -	—4 ~	^-wo-a' TKoi*o, noi q«i-W four

inly had personally to do with
Fation of the government, f think
'speak without a lack of modesty
^Tnd say that the colonial work of the
American Government in the Philippines
is quite as remarkable as that of Lord
Cromer in Egypt, when the conditions
under which we were working were con-
sidered and when the opposition which
ave had at home from a great political
party is given its due effect.

Mi. Roosevelt
i ti

ands would have made it wise tor Mr.

Harrison to, hear their views, whether
he followed them or not. But through an
offishness and suspicion toward such per-
sons because they had been in some way ,
connected with the previous administra- Government
Hons in the Islands, natural, perhaps in o2 and 53.)
home politics, he seems to have denied
himself the benefit of their advice and
i information.	/ .

What give's me most concern is the
quickness with which Mr. Harrison has
acted in his removals. It indicates that
he has consulted with some one before
reaching the Islands. He had no such
familiarity with men or conditions to
make these removals of his own motion
and knowledge. He went to the Islands
with Mr. Quezon, the Philippine delegate
to Congress. T am told there was a
secret agent of the Philippines in the
Islands, gathering information who made
a report. It was in my judgment most
unwise for Mr. Harrison to act on such
til he hf:.l been Ions; enough
nfirtnert-his fan's
sources. _ \

for our aggrandizement; but we must our-
selves for the present supply that gov-
ernment. It would, it is true, be an un-
precedented operation, reversing the
process of Runnymede, but America has
before this shown the world enlightened
processes of politics that were without
precedent., It. would h|'.ve been within

UPlIUJi1

to Runnvmede anil 8 )!?$	? E| Initiative

enter into a constisutio i In standing
with them;, and it; U '	our choice

to d0 a similar thing.	U wise and

generous, in The goserm	' Phil-
ippine Islands. But we j	* them

self-government. Si if-;.!	--'it is not

a thing that can be vgivJ kny people,
because it is a fen	character and

not a form of cOnsiLution. No peo-
ple can be given t Del self control of
maturity. Only	*

ship of obedience

the precious posaessiiln. a thing no
more to be bought than given. They
cannot be presented ii the character
of a community, be. it may confidently
be hoped that they wii become a com-
munity under the v-L b some and salu-
tary influences of its! ja.ws and a sym-
pathetic administration:; that they will
after a while un'eterstiuid asd master
themselves, if in tie m ?anttmfe they are
understood and served H good conscience
by those set over P :n m authority.

“We of all peopL in 'he world should
know these fundamental things and s.hould
act upqn them, if only to illustrate the
mastery, in politics v, hem belongs to us
of hereditary right ’ o ignore them
would be not only to !a> . and foil miser-
ably, but to fail rifll.- !'hisly and belie
ourselves. Having our-bves gained self-
government by a "clcfin: <=• process which
can have no substitute iet us put the

Jlmg apprentice-
lie Hi secure them
saessWin.

with immense chrysanthemums^wit^sH

Sfctf/r L°, V,rs; ??“ '“'S i-

Aftafi f the tables 0V<M’ the heads
Mr * Taft’S M ‘U th,e guest tabI« with
Were:	Heh' y’ .tbe toastmaster,

William \r r n	Congressman

W McCartv wnf‘ tbe Very R*v. Edw
n. McCarty, William H. Nichols Boroueb

President Lewis H. Pounds and Hiram R

a<MresJafi mvde a Short- very humorous
rilfth nf 6a iag with Brooklyn’s laby-
rinth of streets, none straight and lead-

twmntT'fiUh6’ SIld l6ft early t0 attend the j
of the fonndingno?riae	ln, honor — «vB„uiea you

Club at Delmoninn’o St‘	\ bat yon need feel

Thomas

Prosser, Borough President Lewis H.
Pounds, H. B. Pond, Harold I. Pratt,
Frederic B. Pratt, Thomas Prosser, Clar-
ence Wr. Seamans, Murray Sayer. John

J.	Sehoonhoven, Wiliam C. Spooner, Hi-
ram R. Steele, Frank H. Tyler. Herbert

K.	Twitchell, LaSelle H. White, Leo F.
Wise, 'Sidney L. Wise, Robert B. W’ood-
ward.

utner speakers .wen!

SOLICITOUS FOR OTHERS,

A member of the Providence bar one
day met an able and conscientious judge
cn the street, and said to him:

I see. Judge, that the Supreme Court
,ml! ba? overruled you in the case of A vs. Z
no concern about vopr

No, indeed,’’ answ'ered the Judge, com-

"$1.00 Given Away”

Extra Large (24 02.) Bottle of
Sunshine Furniture Polish

(Price and Quality Guaranteed)

To anyone purchasing
our Triumph Vacuum
Cleaner. Price $7.50.
This Cleaner will do as
good work as any $100
machine, elcciric or
otherwise. A child can
operate it. We give
you a 30-day trial, at
the end of which time,
if you are not perfect-
ly satisfied, will send
for Cleaner and cheer-
fully return your
money. “

A free demonstra-
tion of this won-
derful Sweep-
er given at
our store.

ML

r* upmaxn57r.~

Otbur bargains in Furniture, Carpets, etc.
Cash or Charge Accounts.

MASON’

. j I	Estab!

dJ

Established 70

vx/U, Of\

JROOKLYN, N. Y.

Years

UtfUC.





peoples dependent upon ns in the' right
way to gain it also." (“Constitutional
Unittd States,” pages

ANNA PAVLOWA Writes:

“The

Be it

Bo

^	that has been

^. American Gov.
P is quite as re

What Are We to Do?

Now what are we to do? ikre we to
let these islands go, and turn them over
to an oligarchy of eloquent and attrac-
tive orators who really believe in aris-
tocracy, and who have no real concep-
tion of civil and individual liberty and
certainly no capacity by training and

dcnnl^e m ssyiftg
f'u'ak it was coming U ; <:■
probably not for more than'than time.
The present Administration clearly fixes
110 time, but their attitude imretc.l'ore has
been such that the mere declaration of
their intention to furnish ultimate inde-
pendence is accepted by the Filipino
people as a promise of early indepen-
dence. Under these conditions when the
Filipino people find that they are no
nearer independence under DetrocraHe ad-
ministration than they were under Re-
publican administration, they will think
themselves deceived and this may lead
to some agitation and some disturbance
which will have to b.e put down with a
strong hand.

Changes of Commission to Filipino
Majority.

The Administration has enlarged the
Filipino membership in the Commission
so that it becomes a majority antj legisr
lation will now go through the assembly
under the impulse of the politicians of
the islands and by arousing a popular
clamor in its favor, they will force their
legislation through the Commission, how-
ever much the intelligent Filipino mem-
bens of the Commission may wish to
avoid it. Some of the legislation will
have to be vetoed, and it will have to
be vetoed by the Secretary of War at
Washington because the Governor-
General has not the power to veto. I
am inclined to think that the veto a +
Washington, after it has been exevciseb
a number of times, will be less /satis-
factory to the Filipino people than the
obstruction to unwise legislation by a
Commission in the islands in which
Americans predominated.

Filipino Majority in Commission May
Embarrass Moro Problem.

One embarrassment in making the
Filipino representation in the Commis-
sion controlling is that the Commission
is vested with sole, power over the Moro
tribes aud counfry, and also over the
non-Christian tribes. In no respect have
the Filipino educated classes shown their
incapacity for just government as in
their treatment of the Moros and non-
Christian tribes. The hard experience of
these peoples makes them very well
aware of this, and if Filipino views of
what ought to be done with them are to
be jlKd to prevail, trouble will in.
stantly follow. 'WBKpiTTbis danger may'
be avoided by the influence which Mr.
Harrison and his American colleagues
in the Commission can exercise over the
Filipino Commissioners in matters in
which the National Assembly has no
voice. I earnestly hope this will prove
to be the case and the hope is sustained
by his promise to the Moros. in reply to
their protest, that he would hot set a
Filipino Governor over them.

Too

Viser. The egregious blunders into
he has led-Mr, Jones,.jn, his attack upon
'which the lht- j
ter has exposed ill. a reply, is sufficient |
proof of that, and I am advised tbat
there is other evidence of it easily avML
able to Mr. Harrison in the Islands,

Angelas (pirst°f the

World's Piano-players) Jg InCOmpaTaklB

Anna Pavlowa is the ANGELUS of danseuses

The Most Significant Testimonial
Ever Accorded Any Player-Piano

Reported

Panic Among
Civil Servants.

Ameri'an

Word comes that it was given Wt (
that advice and information from RB" |
pinos were sought by Mr. Harrison, out 1
none from Americans. It is reported 1iat >
this attitude and the sudden 'nn1 1 j
together with rumors of reduction < of
salaries of American officials, creat • a |
panic among the American civil serv ,U3. |
so widespread that Mr. Harrison, L Bit- j
Moro country, , found it necessary to end i
a reassuring dispatch back to Mani; on ■
the subject. Of course, the comm-:, ity!
of American civil servants is comj>r*V
lively small, and exaggeration is a c'.ar- !
aeteristic of an Oriental city and ■ ->n'
try. It may be that these reports ire
unfounded or much colored. But the
wholesale removal of able and ox. rl- j
sneed heads of bureaus was certai to
cause terror in the whole service a. 1 to ;
paralyze its efficiency until the ch; • <*-
ter of the new policy becomes underspod.
If the American civil service in thr isl-
ands breaks down, disaster will cert .ruy
follow.

In spite of these disturbing rsprtr
from the Philippines, I am still Hhr L.'
and still hopeful that the sir ur of
government, that has been erected t re
with so much effort and success will vc
be seriously or permanently injured n-
der President Wilson. It was, peri -A
to be expected that the radically uns nd
views of Mr. Bryan would have f.ne
influence at first, and all that mis!: n
declarations of previous Democratic 1 in-
forms would create some embarraa.-.n 6t

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ii

Great Concessions of Power to i
Filipinos.

As I have said, I think the only crit-
icism that can be made of our govern-
ment in the Philiippines has been that
possibly we have given them too muen
increase, in their control. It was wise
and right to give them a partial auton-
education for successful popular govern- on’y T1 °rdei	misht be edu-

xnent? The minute that the stror.e back- !cated m tbe_ problems of government and

ment? The minute that the strong back- ; .	.,	, ,	.

ground of a powerful government is with- 1? the problems of popular control, but
drawn, the difference betwen the Fili- j * e	.one P°wer only feeds a desire

pinos and the Moros, who are mutinous | !.?T °^bei increases and never satisfies,
and have no sympathy with the Filipinos. ' T 1^efore. f]ri®5ids lr? tbis adminls-
ancl have a racial hatred for them will ! Ration will find tnat while for a time
at once develop. The Moros have notified j *-bere w- . be duiet satisfaction in the
us that rhev will not stand Filipino gov - | suPP0S£1d increase of power that has
ernment, and the Filipinos say they can- 1 c°me from enlarging the number of Fili-
not take over the islands unless they j PBios in t.ne Commission who constitute
talce over all of them. It is true that jtbe secand chamber in the Government,
Ihe Christian Filipinos have a homo- [there will be an ultimate demand for an
gen»itv greater than might, be exporter, election of that Commission, and soon

from

teen

difference in dialect in the six-
seventeen different dialects that

will come the demand for a definite time
for announcing when independence is to

they speak, and their separation into dif- j be bad- And then will be the agitation tor,
ferent islands by the sea, but they are 1 the Jones bill, so called, which is now j

very different in their sympathies and in
their suspicion of each other. They all
have capacity for political intrigue and
for the institution and maintenance of
insurrection and contention for power.
For us to leave the islands and to guar-
antee to the nations of the world, in ex-
change for the treaties of neutrality
with respect to the islands, that law an-1
order will be preserved and that there
will be no civil commotion in which law
and order cannot be maintained, would
he an evidence of lack of sanity that I
cannot think the American people woiffd
^ver display H uiey should, it would
not be a year before we would have to
S9 back irito the islands in order to

pending in Congress, and which r nope
the Administration has had the good
sense to hang up perpav.rniiy in an m-
ocuous condition of suspense.

Congressman Jones—His Speeches
and His Bill.

The author of that bill, Mr. Jones, has
been permeated with a hatred for th* Re-
publican Philippine policy that blinds
him to every fact that comes to his no-
tice in the official statistics and even in
the testimony of his own Democratic col-
leagues, and that makes him seize upon
the utterly false and prejudiced accounts
^f^matters in the Islands given to him
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various terms—have testified to the excellence oi
the ANGELUS. LT.-i W"

But the words of a woman who, more than any
other that ever lived, translates the soul of music
into movement and pose, are more significant than
any, possibly excepting the words of composers who
translate the soul of music into songs to be sung.

And here Mascagni’s words may be recorded:

“It (the ANGELUS) can give the com-
plicated pieces more life and soul than any
other instrument of its kind can giveA

The morning after Mile. Pavlowa danced at the
Metropolitan Opera House—November 4th last—the
N. Y. Sun’s musical critic, one of America’s foremost
critics, wrote “the large audiences which greeted her in the afternoon and evening
realized that since her departure the stage of that theater had never known her
equal.”

It is interesting to observe that what this critic went on to write of Mile. Pav-
lowa may be applied, with the change of a few words, to the ANGELUS.

Mile. Pavlowa

| The W'dco..: and

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There arc so many ivonders
in the Angelus that one can only
speak of the ensemble effect—
it is perfect. The Phrasing
Lever is marvelous, almost be-
yond belief in its control of the
tempo; the Melodant brings out
the Melody exquisitely, while
the touch and tone coloring are
the height of artistry.

It is incomparable.

Sincerely yours,

ANNA PAVLOWA.
October 15, 1913.

5th Ave., 33cl & 34th Sts., N; Y.

fO

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“No other woman ever translated the soul of
music into movement and pose, made imagina-
tion and poetry appeal/to the eye through grace
of action and beauty of gesture, as she does.

“Her technical facility never seems to serve
any other purposes than her art. Mere virtuos-
ity for its own sake is not noticed. The con-
quest of mere technical difficulties seems to have
been ignored, so little does its mechanical per-
fection figure in her dancing. One looks be-
yond that detail of her art to delight in its
emotional expression.

“For it is after all the revelation of a rare
and poetic nature that this unique artist offers
in addition to everything else in the world that

""’tuTy Abie. toee. 'Ui TtCr	“LA Yu

The Angelus

No other piano-player ever translated into
such exquisite sound the soul of the music writ-
ten into the works of the ; world’s great com-
posers, made the majesty of music, its virility
ana warmth and beauty, so appeal to the ear
through piano reproduction as the ANGELUS
does.

The touch of the ANGELUS,’’ says Enrico
T osselli, “is most human, and the technique
clear and precise. It is entirely free from all
mechanical effects.”

“Its touch,” says Jean de Reszke, “takes it
out of the class of automatic piano-players.”

“As a means of artistic expression,” says
Lemare, “it is, in my opinion, absolutely
unique.”

give the public.

“Other and famous dancers have been on the
Metropolitan stage, and it has seemed in the
absence of the exquisitely imaginative and
poetic naiad that flew over the stage yesterday
as if there might be in the recollection some
exaggeration of her unique charm and skill.
But that thought was quieted the minute the
Russian premiere appeared on the stage and
with M. Novikoff danced the opening phrases
of a Chopin nocturne.

“Truly Pavlowa is incomparable.”

N. Y. Sun, November 4, 1913.

For it is after all the revelation of a rare
and simple control of expression that the
ANGELUS offers in addition to everything else
in the world that any other player-piano is able
to give.

Other player-pianos of varying goodness have
been produced, and it has seemed—in the ab-
sence of the ANGELUS-—as if there mi^ht be
in the recollection of that wonderfully exquisite
player-piano some exaggeration of its unique
charm. But that thought is quieted the minute
the ANGELUS is heard.

Truly, the ANGELUS is in-
comparable.

The Angelus

is built as an integral part, into each of the pianos on the
Wanamaker Roll of Honor.

CHICKERING-ANGELUS
EMERSON-ANGELUS
SCHOMACKER-ANGELUS
LINDEMAN-ANGELUS
and the celebrated KNABE-ANGELUS
The new 1914 models are ready, more true of tone,
more attractive of case, than ever. A child can play
any music on any of them. They are purchasable by
any responsible man or woman on deferred payment
terms under the Wanamaker Educational Plan; used
pianos, if desired, being accepted in part payment.

Piano Salons, First Gallery, New Building.

JOHN WANAMAKER

Broadway and Ninth StreetTHE BROOKLYN DAILY EAGLE.	ORK. THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 20. 1913.

Philippines Freedom Two Genera ’c Hence, Says Ex-President Taft

Former Chief Executive, in Address Before Great
| Audience in the Academy of Music, Declares
That Natives Need Many More Years of Educa-
tion Before They Will Be Ready for Self-Gov-
ernment—Tremendous Cost of Possible Mexi-
can War Is Hinted at by Comparison With
$215,000,000 Spent in Establishing Peace in
the Philippine Islands—Agitation May Come
j That Must Be Put Down With a “Strong
Hand”—Sharp Criticism for Congressman
Jones of Virginia and Congressional Delegate

\ Quezon.

Spacing a representative Brooklyn au-
dience, which filled the orchestra seats,
boxe^i nd galleries of the opera house,
my or Music, last night, William
B, Tjjjfct, former President of the United
siv logie^illv.^jwAlcally and

cent, of the number of females of that
age.

Showing of Elections as to Literacy
of Electors.

Another guide to the intelligence of
the Christian Filipino people, we have
in the result of the electors. Under the
present law, there are four classes of
electors; first class, those who had held
municipal office under the Spaniards, a
recognized class among the people;
second, those who own $250 worth of
property of land or personalty; third,
those who pay $15 of taxes of all kinds
to the municipality, province and central
governments; fourth, those who speak
English or Spanish. Under this law the
National Assembly elections, ifeld by
law in districts that embrace the en-
tire territory of the Christian Philip-
pines, brought out for registration, in
the election of 1912, in which partisan
feeling was high, 3.5 per cent, of the
census population. Ninety-six per cent-
of the registered electors voted. Of
those who voted, those who could not
read were noted. The literate voters
i were 1.47 per cent, of the population.

The condition of mind and the pro-
found state of ignorance of the great
mass of the Christian Filipinos was made
evident by the ease with which religious
fakers, as soon as the authority of the
church was withdrawn, were able, by
wild promises of supernatural powers by

/interestingly discussed "Ho:

Philippine Islands,,”

Mr. Taft’s address was declared by
many last night td* be undoubtedly the
finest he has ever made, and it was one

the usual policy of the Roman Church,
due to Spanish influence and control—
created among the Filipinos a racial
sense of injustice and tyranny, while the

through greater contact with the world
gave rise to agitation and unrest among
the educated Filipinos who had great in-
fluence with their ignorant fellow-coun-
trymen. The spread of liberal political
literature and small outbreaks aroused

„	...	4,,a?	uieuuuie auu small uumieaivs muuseu

prepared with caution, crit g, J 'the suspicion and fear of the government
and advising of the lslan(jgi which did not hesitate to
use the Spanish parish priests as police
agencies for detecting sedition and bring-
ing the suspected participants to sum-
mary punishment by imprisonment, exile
or death. Rizal, the greatest Filipino, a
physician, a novelist and a poet, because

dally, but without stint, and advising
without references to party politics, but.
as he stated, “speaking on a subject
which I do know a great deal about, and
one on which I do not want our Govern-
ment to err.”

Referring to his personal interest in our
problems in the Philippines, Mr. Taft
paid:

“With the exception of the preservation
of our constitutional form of representaj-
tive government, and the maintenance of
an independent judiciary as the bulwark

education in the islands. The exclusion
of natives from the priesthood, except in

inferior places—a radical departure from j the fakers, to rouse them to follow in

large numbers such vicious leadership
and to plunder and kill their fellow
Filipinos in many parts of the islands.

A tribal relation of subordination,
1 p s s con tr o 11 e d

or used politicalJi^B^the. Spanish days,
still manifests itsmf in the form of
eaeiquism, so-called, which, being
literally translated,, is local bossism.
This was a. social feature of their civili-
zation and creates a relation of com-
plete dependence upon, and subserviency
to, the cacique by those who lived in his
neighborhood, so that his personal con-
trol was most absolute, making it
possible for him, if he was so minded,
to use them in the guerrilla warfare,
between 1898 and 1902, in perpetrating
the most fiendish crimes, which they com-
mitted with Oriental imperturbability
because they felt they were justified by
the orders of their superior.

Capacity of Filipino People to Learn
Self-Government.

Now I am far from saying that these

SOME STRIKING POINTS

IN MR. TAFT’S ADDRESS

T’ e ire- c, ni .-mints of Mr. Taft’s address last night were the
stateii-enU :

“The FhUi *?»!?»<> Islands, of which 300 are inhabited, contain
150,000 s a •. mist s and a population of 8,000,000; it cost ns
$215,000,0"	) money to establish peace there. What do yon think

it would c«)i	" had a war with Mexico, with an area and a

population	. , three times as large? I hope none of you are

excited J”

o' generations of education, and probably more,
can he granted independence.”

prefer the continuance of the present (Demo-
tion to the success of a party or a candidate
eeessarily would inv olve the loss of an Indepen-
the subversion of eonstitotional government, and
>f aii the guarantees of Individual liberty.'*

concerns the welfare Of 8,000,000 people and the
y is conspicuously involved in its solution.”
lipino people find themselves no nearer inde-
Oemocratic than they were under a Republican
y will think themselves deceived, and this may
' ion and disturbance whieh will have to be put
it a obs hand.”

•Jones of Virginia Mr, Taft said: “He has. al-
kali into the most Ludicrous and shocking inac-
nts, that are only to be explained by an obses-
ved him of any intelligent use of his faculties in
records available to him and the weighing of
evidence fhw-1 >n at his hand.”

Of Ur.-.:./	• nl Delegate Quezon, Mr. Taft said: “He is not a

dependalU -	? adviser. The egregious blunders Into which he

has led	- < in his attack upin Governor-General Forbes,

whieh the laU - has exposed in a reply, is sufficient proof of that.”

“It wiii
before the
“I wo
cratic)
whose prin
dent judil
the weal
“This
fame of o
“Whc
pendence
administ: a
lead to som
down wli ts
Of Cong?
lowed hi
curacies
sion that
the exan:-

ment to the actual needs of the people by
actual trial and amendment from time
to time, until like a garment made by a
tailor it fitted well and suitably the re-
quirements of the body which it covered,
and whose welfare it was intended to
promote.

Now wliat have we done in the Philip-
pines under this government and with
the authority which Congress and the
people of the United States either gave

\

troduced, but we did not think, and I do
not think now that the Filipino people
are ready for a jury system. Their cases
of fact are tried by a court with asses-
sors called in to assist the judge, and
then the whole record goes to the Su-
preme Court of seven judges where the
issues of fact are retried. On the whole,
the system enables the pepole of the
Philippine Islands to secure a speedy and
effective settlement of litigation and of-

of his struggle for a betterment of con-
ditions under Spanish rule, was unjustly
convicted and shot, as guilty of treason,
and his chief accusers were said to be
the friars. This added greatly to the un-
popularity of the friars and the bitterness
of feeling against them.

Agrarian Insurrection.

of individual rights under such govern- , The friars had aoquired 1n the course
ment, there is no subject in which I have j of 300 years, and had vested in their or-

a more intense .interest. For nearly four
years I had much direct personal respon-
sibility for the course taken by the Unit-
ed States in the Philippines, and except
for a short interval of nine months after
that, until a left office March 4, ,1913, the

ders ownership ’ of upward of 425,000
acres.of the most productive land in the
Philippines, had spent considerable cap-
ital in improving much of it, and had
thereon upward of 60,000 tenants. The
intensity of the feeling against them, and
against the government by Spam, which

rights are under

government of the islands was under my | arbitrary, and which, as the friars	~	------ --------. may i,u

.—oo	nf War or as J08* th°ir hold uP°n the PeoplG.’ became for cur faith in the success of our great tianity

ineffective, engendered an agrarian spirit experiment. But it is necessary, before out

control either as Secretary of War or as
President. It is now a full thirteen
years since I began to study these prob-
lems, to help in formulating and carry-
ing out our policy.” •

Mr. Taft’s address was as follows

Ex-President Taft’s Address.

Ladies and Gentlemen:	I have been

invited to speak to you about our problem
in the Philippines. With the exception
of the preservation of our constitutional
form of representative government, and
the maintenance of an independent judi-
ciary as the bulwark of individual rights
under such a government, there is no
subject in which I have a more intense
ir merest. I am glad to have an opportunity
to present my views upon it to such an
ntelligent and public-sgirited audience as
his is, and under such pleasant auspices
s those of the Brooklyn Institute of
.rts and Sciences.

For nearly four years, from Septem-
ber. 1900, -untjj .February. 1904. I had

realize what" th-
popular government.

Mass of Filipino Do Not Know Their
Eights or Understand Liberty.

The great body hf the adult Filipinos
today steeped m ignorance, do not know
tbeir own rights ’finder, the government
under which they 3 7c now living. The su-
preme difficulty pi maintaining a govern-
ment of free civil! institutions there is
in giving the uneducated and the poor an
understanding of What their rights are.
They do not knovf enough to vindicate
those rights by the methods secured to
them now of appeal to the courts and to
the constituted police authorities.

That is the reason why slavery and
peonage continue ,to exist as a social fea-
ture in many parts of the Philippines,
i The actual slaver/ is generally confined
to the purchase, by Christian Filipinos,
of the youthful Members of the non-
Christian tribes tbit live near the Chris-
tian Filipinos in ihe rural parts of the
islands. The purchase is often peaceable
commercial transaction with the parents
of the children sold, and sometimes with
children that the government of the j tjie forcible captors, members of a hostile
United States in the islands has afforded I tribe. The Christian Filipinos, who buy
to them, is the great and hopeful symp- j and keep the slaves reconcile their views
tom of a capacity for improvement j to the practice by he thought that in this
among them, and is the strong ground j way they are bringing them into Cbris-

things indicate ap inability on the part
of the Christian Filipinos to receive edu-
cation and to be made capable of self-
government ultimately. The eagerness
with which they have availed themselves
or the educational facilities for their

.	.	..._____________ and out slavery is not sufficiently

and produced several armed insurrec- | deciding what we are to do in the future, • general to make it at all the same evil
tions against the	authority	of	Spain.	The	and how soon our	responsibility with j as the more elusive and	less easily dis-

revolution	of	1896	was	a	bloody	one	in	respect to that people shall cease, that j coverable institution	of	peonage, which

-	we should know and	realize how difficult prevails quite largely	in	the islands, and

the problem before	us is, and become which it is very lard	to	stamp out, be-

eouvinced that time and long-continued
effort are of the essence of its successful
solution.

The educated Filipinos, as you can see
from the statistics I have given you, are
a very small part of the people. Many
of them have Chinese or Spanish blood.

Indeed, the wealthy and prominent are
almost all of the half blood, and they:
have attractive personalities. They are
of graceful speech, artistic temperament,
generous and most hospitable, quick to
see, quick to act, loving beauty of form
and beauty of color,	brave, warlike,

facile of speech, emotional, poetic and
oratorical.

surrection, and an agreement on their They take easily to intrigue and love
part	to withdraw	from the country	called	politics. The influence	of Spanish au-

the	Treaty	of	Biac-na-Bato.	I	thority.'to which they have been trained

do	not stop	to	discuss the	mo-	tor 300 years, makes	those who are i Attitude & Nat 'Ona-1, Assembly To-

r.r Rhy.....^uu^a,-.-.-axi»y-igp5itSmCaT" ~	---------------

rnraking such Sir'arrangmmmTr WMTusjwith the true democracy, loving to he

some of its battles, and Aguinaldo,
school teacher with certain traits of
leadership, won a victory of not large
proportion but sufficient to give him a
conspicuous position as the representa-
tive of a possible triumphant resistance
to Spanish authority. His achievement
aroused a popular hope that the Gov-
ernment of Spain and the friars might he
changed to one less absolute and more
adapted to the needs of the country and
having more of the recognition of edu-
cated Filipinos in its conduct. The re-
sult, however, was a wearing out of the
forces of insurrection and the ending of
the warfare by the payment of several
hundred thousand dollars to Aguinaldo
and his associates who had led the in-

their

very

cause of the difficulty of discovering its
existence in a socety in which there is
much of patriarchs! life, in which the ob-
ligation of a continuing hospitality to all
relatives and connections is very strong,
and in which secrecy as a protection
against governmental interference for
any purpose is an instinct. It is the re-
sult of a pledge of a debtor and his fam-
ily to his ciedito' for an indebtedness
that is never paid but always increases.
It is not a ifruel jeonditibn, but it is a
most depressing hindrance to the crea-
tion of an independent and intelligent
citizenship <mong jffiese people. It , lends
support to he system of aristocracy, or
oligarchy tlat. th| leading advocates of
independence in tijleir hearts would wel-
come.

rled on with an^^^^p of effect!
Although the opportumty for the
ration of rice is as good as anywhere in
the world, and it forms the chief stple
of the food of the people, much of it has
to be imported, because it is easier for
the people to raise hemp and sugar and
copra or dried cocoanut and buy the rice
from other countries, than to raise it as
it can be raised, of fine quality and great
abundance. Of course the Filipinos are
a tropical people and are naturally not
as active or as persistent in labor as
the people of a temperate zone, but they
form a great contrast to the Javanese,
who, in the island of Java, which is not
as large as Cuba, raise rice and sugar
enough to support 30,000.000 people, while
the Filipinos have to import foodstuffs
for the maintenance of 8.000,000, with a
terri/- ry quite as rich and five times as
large. The Filipino people are fine arti-
ficers. They are adepts with their hands.
They readily understand machinery. They
are good wood carvers, and there is not
any reason why they should not become
good farmers, and doubtless under the
influence of vocational schools and of ((
greater intelligence and of increased de-
sire for better material living, such as
our policies will develop, agriculture, the
chief pursuit of the Filipino people, will
become much more efficient and provide
a great deal better condition of living.

In Spanish times there was a univer-

or ratified for this purpose? In the first forB t0 the humblest and poorest individ-
place, we have established what is ab-
solutely essential in the islands, and
what they never had before in any such
degree in the palmiest of the Spanish
days—we have given them peace.

U. S. Army Now Only a Moral Be-
straint.

In order to* do so, we have maintained,
since the insurrection against our author-
ity entirely ceased, in 1912, a military
force in the islands of perhaps 12,000 to
15,000 American troops of the regular
army. This force constitutes a back-
ground of authority. Occasionally, in
battles with the Moros, it has been called
into requisition. But the question of the
Moros is entirely different from that of
the Christian Filipinos, and it is a true
statement to say that since 1902 the army
of United States troops has merely been
a moral force among the Christian Fili-
pinos, and has never been used for really
active police requirements.

The Philippine Islands have been kept
peaceful by a constabulary organized soon
after the Philippine Commission went to
th^BHbOds, aided very infrequently by a
** as Philippine Scouts, of 4,000
t of the United States mili-

ual in the Philippines a complete op-
portunity to vindicate all his personal
rights of liberty and property as contem-
plated by the constitution of the United
States, if only he knows enough to know
what his rights are and is not prevented
from asserting them by ■ the social op-
pression of caciqnueism or peonage. Of
course as education proceeds, as more
of the people become literate and are
able to learn from schools, newspapers
and books what their rights are, the
more satisfactory will the administration
of justice in the Islands become.

Health.

In the matter of health, a rigid system
of quarantine and of health examination
and promotion has been inaugurated all
over the islands. One of the commonest
sources of spreading disease has been
the bad water gathered from surface
sources and full of germs of all kinds,
producing malaria, amoebic * dysentery,
and all forms of fever. We have
$4,000,000 in bringing the pure
from the mountains into Manila
the establishment of a modern
system.like M;

establishment.' The constabulary | been n,?cesJ^^t^esTahnsli resefrof?

sists of a.; out 5,000 men, maintained
at a cost tc the treasury of the islands
of about $4 000,000. It is one of the most
effective bodies for police and peace pur-
poses that I know of anywhere in the

for sewage and to pump it out
In the country we have sunk* 830 artesian
wells all over the islands, substituting
pure water , for vitiated and disease-
spreading liquid. We have vaccinated,

world, 'their principal officers are United all told, 10,000,000 of people in tile islands

States army officers, in part also Amer- ’	.....

icans, who had voluntary army service,
and in part Filipinos.

The enlisted men are all Filipinos. At
first, for some years, they were.quite un-
popular in the Philippine Islands. Now
they have manifested such a fine spirit
and have aided the people so much in the
suppression of ladronism, in helping them
during their cholera trials, in their suf-
ferings from typhoons and earthquakes
and from other visitations of nature, that
the people have come to depend on them
and to regard them as their friends and
indispensable to their comfort; and it
has become entirely possible to go from
one part of the Christian Filipino terri-
tory to another unaccompanied and en-
tirely free from any danger from assault
or robbery, a condition which, of course,
conduces to prosperity, to the promotion
of agriculture, and to the happiness of
the people.

American System of Education.

Next, as to education. We determined
that English was the language that the
..	people ought to be taught. When we

sity m Manila, older than any university , conaulted them they preferred English,
m this country, and a numbei of academ- That wag the generai popular impression
ic institutions m which an education of	{	times a demagogic agi-

the scholastic and literary kind was giv- ; tQtirm
en to a comparatively small number of

the youth whose parents were able to af-
ford it, and formed part of what are
called “Gente Fina,” or the fine people.
The Spanish educational system in other

tation of the intriguing politicians of the
Philippine people has been used, hut with-

out success, to prejudice the people
against English, and to bring about the
teaching of the barbarous dialects to the

he'course taken by the United States in \ terms were have always been a source | regarded as part of an aristocracy and
the Philippines, and except for a short | Qf great dispute.	entirely lacking in a real appreciation

The fund paid under the treaty of Biac- 0f the advantage of maintaining for all
na-Bato was not dissipated in riotous the individual rights secured under our
living, and a substantial part of it was institutions of civil liberty Their praise
kept and was ultimately used in the pro- | 0f liberty and freedom is largely a lip
motion of a Second insurrection, at the j service, except in so far as it is to be

interval of nine months after that, until
I left office March 4, 1913, the government
of the islands was under my control
either as Secretary of War or as Presi-
dent, It is now a full thirteen years
since I began to study the problems, to
help in formulating and carrying out our
policies. The pleasure has been given
to me, than which there is no greater in
life, of watching the development of plans
made more than a decade ago for the
improvement and progress of a people,
and of seeing the fruition of many hopes
then formed, and the vindication of fore-
casts then made.	>

Shall Not Consider Merits of Our Talc-
ing Over the Philippines.

I shall not tonight consume any time
in discussing the merits of our going into
the Philippines. I pass- over the issues
which were hotly discyssed in the cam-
paign of 1900, and in which the motives
of those who were responsible for our
policy in the Philippines were aspersed
with much vituperation and partisan heat.
We have a concrete problem as to the
■welfare of a people before us, in respect
to which we have actually assumed re-
sponsibility and only partially discharged
it. To use Mr. Cleveland's phrase in an-
other relation, “It is a condition that
confronts us and not a theory.” We are
dealing with the Philippines now and not
with them as they were in 1898 or 1900.
The expense of the Philippines, in so far
as they may affect our present policy,
is their expense now and in the future,
and not what the expense was when we

time when the Islands lay under our con-
trol of Dewey’s guns. This insurrection
was begun to help us land our forces
and take possession, but with the ulti-
mate purpose on the part of Aguinaldo
and those who took part of ultimately
establishing an independent government.
This brings us to the time when the
United States took over the islands in
1898. What were the conditions then?

Record Proof of Spirit of Oligarchy
Among Well-to-Do Filipinos.

My conviction as to the undemocratic
Ignorance and.Illiteracy of the People attitude of the well-to-do Filipinos does

at Time of American Occupancy.

When he entered the islands, in 1898,
the number of people who spoke Spanish
was from 7 per cent, to 10 per cent of
the total number of Christian Filipinos
in the islands, and this measured fully
the degree of intelligence of the people
who were thrust by circumstances under
our wardship. Among the so-called civ-
ilized or Christian Filipinos there were
fifteen or	sixteen	different	dia-
lects. One	wno understood	but

one dialect	could	not talk	t°

or communicate with	one who	spoke

another dialect only. The dialects all
contained Malay roots and were branches
of the Malay language, but they all had
a comparatively small vocabulary, very
little literature indeed, and were in-
capable of furnishing a suitable language
to serve as a medium for the communi-
cation of ideas of modern science or of

interpreted as the expression of a de-
sire that the control of the Philippines
be transferred from the Government and
the people of the United States to an
oligarchy of the educated and wealthy In
the Philippines.	—

QfHt’dp of i.his cass is shown by There was a humorous effort at a street j dren.

„	t(v1 refukal of the present Na--..: " iwav in Manila of the crudest cnarac- . was difficult to secure proper teach-

ie repedttu	•••	. TM -1J_ter.	wprp a i most nn DflKflflhlf'. _

Vward ' Slavery
«de of f-his c ass

the repeated refusal of tHe yuar/ii	tof

t i o n a Hr dr's av m b 1 y of the Philippines to ■' < -
o iSe Site" Staves, (ortyading slavery, j ££
in (lit Islands end to put into £o*’ce "■

Anninr finn in the fundamental statute of ’ ,

deciar Con	d bv the Congress j o.aot 0f wood, circular in form,

e+if TTnUpd Staties forbiddiing slavery. r°w edges, that cut any road i
The* erly rklfcuheus reason given by the leas«>n into a condition that destroyed it.
FIlipiiLs for not ’passing such laAvs is I
that to pass them j would be a fesmon
that slavery existed in the

1 , ,,	.	*	_	... i narrowing effect of which the people had

parts of the Phihpmes, however, while , been corfdemned {or so	centuries.

But English is the business language of
the Orient; it is the language of free in-
stitutions. As already said, there were
only 10 per cent, that spoke Spanish in
the islands. It was the language of the
government that had put its arm under
the Filipino and was helping him on to
better things, and we conceited that
that was the language which we ought to
give them the benefit of knowing and
,,	. ...	,	.	using as a medium of communication

the most primitive character. Of course, among themselves. I have already al-
as between the Islands vessels of small i juded to the enthusiasm with which the
tonnage kept up communication, and j Taos, so-called, that is the men close to
lx/c-\ytr SOU1C? S1 Pri men*S■ rh^UP was a. i ♦ V,A co?1 ■'vol.-mrinrl	fr>»>

railroad 120 mile runs, -mu -no more, j primary• English education of their chil-

somewhat extensive on paper, was so
crude and ineffective that it hardly con-
stituted education at all, and the great
difficulty that we have had in the Islands
has been in securing the material for
competent teachers among the Filipinos
to constitute the main organization of
our educational system.

Transportation.

Transportation in the Islands was of

There were almost no passable
in the country. Trails had to he
usecr and the only wagons which were
used were wagons with wheels of solid

with nar-
in the wet

, and they would nol
their own people by
tion Just now, wit
istration, and with

not rest alone on general knowledge
of their views. There is record evidence

put such a stain upon
enacting such legisla-
h the cnange of admin-
uu, ...... the hope of obtaining

more concessions of power, the National

Assembly has yielded and p^ss®nr.a’iC\9-
law This obstinacy of the National As
sembly in respect - to^such proper legi -

■were suppressing a rebellion and giving1 social and political progress or of free
the islands peace. Yet we cannot es- ‘ institutions.

■cape retrospect for certain purposes. We i need only to illustrate the condition

must, in order to explain the present con-
ditions, and to show what beneficent
changes have taken place, try to give
some idea of the state of the islands
and of their people when the
States began its work there.

The Philippine Islands are a group of
very numerous islands, of which there
are some 300 inhabited. They form a
continental bulwark off southeastern
Asia, facing the Pacific. Their super-
ficial area is about 150,000 square miles.
They have nearly 8,000,000 people. Of
those, a little less than 7,000,000 are
Christian Filipinos. Perhaps 1,200,000 are
made up of Moros, who are M'rhamnjedarr.
s, and non-Christian tribes of ail
ions of capacity, from the Igorotes,
ive in the mountains of North Lu-
ind are a people most amenable to
ing influences, to the Negritos, or
negroes, who am as low in point
rogress toward civilization as almost
any people in the world.

Religion and Control of the Friars.

The Christian Filipinos, numbering
perhaps 6,800,000, are the only Christian
people in the Orient. They were con-
verted 350 years ago. They were treated
as children, and have, the large body of
them, been in Christian tutelage ever
since. Their religion and their govern-
ment were almost the same. The Vatican
transferred to the Spanish Crown much
of'the control of the religious authorities
In the islands, and there wras so close a
union that while at times there were dif-
ferences between the civil government
and the hierarchy, in the end the latter
alw:ays prevailed. The religious control
In the islands was really vested in the
provincials of three or four religious
orders of the regular clergy. Their mem-
bers constituted the parish priests, and
through their very dominant influence the
government was carried on. I am far
from minimizing many of the excellent
results that followed from this control
by the1 friars in the civilization in the
Philippines. They taught their people
religion and agriculture, and they gave
education to a small part. But their
rule was not progressive, in the modern
sense, and it did not result, except in
the case of comparatively a small num-
ber, in general intelligence. It did fix
upon the souls of the people a strong
hold of religion, but the governmental
policy was that of the fifteenth and six-

of the islands in this regard by taking
a journey with you from Manila to Dag-
uoan in the Island of Luzon, a distance of
120 miles. In Manila we would hear'
United j much Spanish, good when spoken by the
educated people, a patois of Spanish and
Tagalog when spoken by the work people

and the street boys Outside of Manila, (	some going forward whilst others

in the Province of Rizal, we would fiud
Tagalog chiefly spoken. In Bulacan, a
province to the north, whose northern
boundary is perhaps thirty miles or forty
miles from Manila, we would find Taga-
log spoken. Entering Pampanga, the
next and very important province, we

r> /->	~Q o j*i clM 1

____________ , lation is only a pjroof of the insincerity

o',	ssm s

prominent and educated Filipinos were I ^ of the oliKardihy, whose control they
permitted to present to the Congressmen J ” ’ sVek to perpetuate and the indif-
and Senators who visited the islands inU°"ittJ'Lt thevi would show to the
1905. There was	not only a written peti-	of	the ignorant, the weak and	the

tion but there	were many speeches in ^	and	to their protection against	the

all of which the	point made was that the J p°	o£	the cacique.

Filipinos were ready for self-government i w	are	not the !?aurdians of the small

because there was a smalj educated gov-	• -	—	----

erning class and a large mass of ignorant
people who had shown that they would
obey. I quote a part from their petition;

“It is an irrefutable fact that the Fili-
pino people are governable. The period
of Spanish domination and the present
American sovereignty bear out this as-
sertion. The political condition of a
country principally depends upon the
theory of governableness of its .peoplpe.

The more governable the popular masses
are the better the political condition of
the country. *	*	*”

If the masses of the people are gov-
ernable, a part must necessarily be de-
nominated the directing class, for as in
the march of progress, moral or ma-
terial, nations do not advance at the same

fall behind, so it is with the inhabitants
of a country, as observation will prove.

If the Philippine Archepelago has a
governable popular mass called upon to
obey and’ a directing class charged with

was almost impossible, and bridle paths
furn:3hed opportunity for the only inter-
provncial commerce.

As to health, there were practically no
laws'enforced at all, and the pdevalance
of ffiiall pox, of cholera and of the
plagie and of the rinderpest among the
cattli formrs a story of governmental in-
effieijney that one does not like to dwell
upon Of course, for many reasons, thpre
is mjch greater difficulty in making a
govetiment effective in the Tropics than
in tie Temperate Zone. Reference to
statutes and proclamations and official
statitics will show an intention on the
part of the Spanish Government to do a
great many things which it did not do,
or -wiich, if it ever began, it ceased to
do. “Projectos,” to use a Spanish ex-
pression, were numerous, but they were
rareV carried out. There was a great
deal of masonry, a good many bridges
, that showed the art and knowledge of
icated and the wealthy j Spansh engineering, but they were di-

portions of the edr
in the Philippines. We are guardians
especially of the poor, the ignorant and
the weak, and we can not discharge our
duty as such guardians, unless we ie
main there long enough to give to the
poor the weak and the humble a con-
sciousness of their rights and a certainty
that they will be preserved under any
government to wllich we may transfer
sovereign power. It is altogether irrele-
vant to the question of our responsi-
bility in this regard to point out that
under the Influence! of this oligarchy and
this eaeiquism, the poor and the ignorant
and the humble are opposed to our con-
tinuance in the isl ands. To these people
the educated politicians now seeking con-
trol speak in their own language, and
mislead them by false representations ol
the motives and action of our govern-
ment. By the ties of race .they exert
a selfish and unlit althful influence over
them. It is the inability of the common
people to understa nd what is their own
• stifles our remaining

dialect, unintelligible to a Tagalog. Pro-
ceeding from Pampanga we would come
into the Province of Tarlac, in the south
half of which Pampangan is spoken and
in the north half of which the Panga-
sinanian tongue is used. Entering the
Province of Pangasinan we would find, in
the southern half, Pangasananian as the
dialect which the people of the soil un-
derstand and talk, and then proceeding
to the town of Dagupan we would find
Spanish again spoken, while in the coun-
try aboht we would find not only Panga-
sinanian but also the Ilocano dialect, de-
rived from the Iloeano provinces to the
north. Thus in a range of 120 miles we



only

two by which to determine the political
capacity of a country; an entity that
knows how to govern the directing class,
and an entity that knows how to obey,
the popular masses.

Enough Educated Filipinos for Two
Shifts of Offices.

This is of a piece with a petition pre-
sented to me by a committee of what has
new become the Independista party when
I was Governor, in which the argument
in favor of immediate independence and
the fitness of the people for self-govern-
ment, was that a count of the educate;!

would find the people of the soil speak- people in the islands showed that they
ing four different dialects. Now I do
not intend by these facts to disprove a
homogeneity among Christian Filipinos.

They are alike in appearance, habits,
customs, religion, and they do have com

were twice as numerous as the offices to
be filled in the central, provincial and
municipal government, and they, there-
fore, afforded two shifts to fill them, so
that when one set became unsatisfactory,

1

mon national or race feeling. I am only the other might take its place.

pointing out a state of intelligence,
shown by the fact that there are and
have been sixteen different dialects of
this kind, and that in the Spanish control
of nearly four hundred years only from
7 to 10 per cent, have learned Spanish.

Census of Literacy of Males and Fe-
males in Islands.

The census of 1903 showed that only 20
per cent, of the population over 10 years
old could read and write in any lan-
guage, as compared with 90 per cent, in
the United States. Of this 20 per cent.,
less than 10 per cent, could read and
write Spanish. As I have already said,
one confined to a knowledge of a Philip-
pine dialect is much out of touch with
civilization or its progress. In only three
of the dialects are any newspapers print-

____ ___ ed, and these are most limited in cireu-

teenth centuries, of keeping the people i lation. Of males over 10 years, not 30

In a happy childhood of knowledge and
faith and excluding the influences of mod-
ern progress in politics and society, lest
they lead to dangerous departure from
ancient and accepted ways.

In the end. the result was what might
have been expected, fhe opening of the
Suez Canal, in 1870. brought Spain close
to this colony of hers. Republicanism in

per cent, can read and write in any lan-
guage, while among females of the same
age only 11 per cent, can do this. Only
60,000 males over 10 years had supjerior,
i. e., a good common school education in
a population of 6,800,000, which is 9-10 of
1 per cent, of the population, or 2.4 per
cent, of all males over 10 years; while
only 18,000 females over 10 jrp.ai’s of age

affected many of those who hafi have such an education, or 7-10 of 1 pe*

One of those who advocated Inde-
pendence before the Congressional com-
mittee advocated that another class he
admitted to the islands, under proper
restrictions, to wit, the Chinese. This
was Dominidor Gomez, a great popular
leader aud orator. He said:	“We, here,

in the Philippines, do not desire the
Chinaman as a mechanic or as a teacher;
we desire him, and this I will say, though
it may be an offensive phrase to them—
we desire the Chinese merely and purely
as work animals for the cultivation of
our fields.”

It seems to me that what I have said
throws a light on the real political senti-
ments of the educated and well-to-do
political Filipinos and the sincerity or
their love of civil liberty and democratic
government. Think of it! A small di-
recting or governing class—a large class
or mass that lias learned to obey—and a
Chinese animal class that has learned
to work.

One important difficulty with the rea-
soning of the petitioners is in the prem-
ise that the small educated class knows
how to govern. They need quite as much
training in popular government in order
to^exercise power moderately, justly,
wise’y and cFect.ivolv as the common
l- n.1 :f location to make thenv





the duty of governing, it is in condition

J-O. govern.—Lts.qli--f'y'Wunfc-,—•nth—■	=----	,	..

counting incidental ones, are the only the independence ■ the islands under the

present conditions only to demonstrate
their lack of eapa ity to receive it. So
much for the ' on iition of the people,
for -whose gO'A w. , went into the Phil-
ippines. By going m and doing the good
we have done, we ai ■ pledged to stay
there until th;“ e -od shall become not
only substantial fcu permanent.

Aguinaldo’s Cion: ,;pt ancl Anarchical
Rule’ in 1898.

Now what were the conditions as to
peace when we w nt into the islands?
With the release q Spanish control, and
while this Goyernn n; was hesitating as
' '	' out. pursue, Aguinal-

e" fo 'ces of the insur-
shed a certain sort of
:on. the largest island,
population. He went,
hf calling a constitu-
tionar convent ; n T-r presenting all parts
of the Archipelago and made up chiefly
of residents of Mat ua. most of them ap-
pointed by h a, oi by his lieutenants.
They adopted a ctnstitution. And then
Aguinaldo proceeded to govern outside of
it. For six month • he was in a certain
•sort of control of Luzon, but never in
the history of t!> Spanish domination
was there such gv-ft. ;.nch tyranny, such
disorder and cu.’h nrer lack of just gov-
ernment.

Then followed ihe campaign for peace
and tranquility in the islands conducted
by the Unite.'’ Slaies Government. It
took us a full tw. ;, :,rs—indeed nearly
three—to brine about; that peace. The
islands themselvet and the prevailing
conditions when Spain was in control.

lapid.ted and broken down. They had
not hen maintained. The roads laid out
had iot been repaired, and the actual
conditions were as I have described
then This was what we had to work
upoi,.

American Military Antagonism
He^ed Commission With Filipinos.

TP necessity for the use of a mili-
tary, force when we went to the Is-
lancj was unfortunate; and caused the
killijg ,and wounding of many
Filiimos in the battles which ensued.
The rigid military rule that was essential
in tn beginning in order to subdue law-
less^ss and the necessarily more or less
arbhary attitude of a military adminis-
tratjn, naturally prejudiced the Filipinos
agacst American army management. So
whe we came into the islands a com-
mis.ori of peace and civil government,
we ,'ore placed in the fortunate contrast
of ,’ering something different for the

1 io people from that which they had

to what policy it
do in control
rection, had e
military rule
with the greatos
through the form

received from the army. Ihto™.cabled)
us to induce the Filipino people to be-
lieve in our friendly purposes, to accept
our assurances of good purpose for them,
aud ultimately, after the defeat of Mr.
Bryan, in 1900, to induce those who were
still in arms, to surrender their arms and
come in and bring about a state of com-
parative tranquillity that made the es-
tablishment of law and order much more
easy.

Constitution of Philippines.

Mr. Root, who more than any other
one man initiated our Philippine policy,
and is responsible for its success from
the standpoint of statesmanship and far-
sightedness, drafted the instructions
which President McKinley issued to Mr.
Root as Secretary of War to guide our
course of government in the Philippines.
That letter has had a conspicuous place
iu the history of our relations to the
Philippines, and a Congressional indorse-
ment, given to but few documents in the
whole history of our country. It secured
to the Philippine people all the guaran-
ties of our Bill of Rights except trial by
jury and the right to bear arms. It was
issued by President McKinley as com-
mander-in-chief of the Army and Navy
in tho exercise of a power which Con-
gress was glad to leave to him without in-
tervention for four years. He had thus
the absolute control of what should he
done in the way of establishing govern-
ment in the Philippine Islands, and this
letter to Mr. Root was the fundamental
law of a civil government established
under military authority. Subsequently,
in 1902, when Congress assumed responsi-
had lent themsmiyis to banditti ism, and bility, it formally adopted and expressly
the disturbance of peaceful conditions in j ratified this Letter of Instructions, and
different parts rf l ie islands. Under the j declared that it. as supplemented by tbe
conditions succeed ng th^ war and the I remaining provisions of the statute,
several insurrei uo s in the islands, this should be the Constitution of the Govern-
ment of the Philippine Islands, and the
charter of the liberties of the Filipino
people. It ratified everything that had
been done under President McKinley’s
direction, and thus took over the govern-
ment that had been shaped according to
the necessities of existing conditions as
they changed and made it into ji sym-

ers. We sent to America for 1,000 Amer-
ican teachers. They came out and did
great work. Education is expensive. We
had to pay the American teachers good
wages. There were a number of Fili-
pino teachers from the Spanish times who
had been most indifferently prepared for
their duties, but we had to take them as
our only material and teach them Eng-
lish. It was a slow, hard process, but
we have succeeded better than in our
fondest hopes we thought possible.

We spend about $3,200,000 on schools
annually. In primary schools, which
cover four years, we teach English, sim-
ple arithmetic, geography, and the rudi-
ments of some useful occupation. In the
intermediate schools, which cover three
years, we give vocational training in
farming, housekeeping and household
arts, and teach business courses. In
the high schools we give a high
school academic education and con-
tinue the vocational training. This
secondary system includes a Philippine
normal school of more than 1,000 stud-
ents, a school of commerce, a school rf
arts and trades and a printing bureau.
The population is upwards of 7,000,000.
The school population is about 1,200,000,
and we have an average enrollment in
the schools of 400,000. We have founded
one government university, with a school
of liberal arts, of medicine, of agricul-
ture, of forestry, of engineering, of fine
arts, of the veterinary science and of
jlaw; one normal school;one insular trade
school; one school of commerce; one
school for the deaf and blind, 35 provin-
cial trade and manual schools, 38 high
schools, 283 Intermediate schools and
more than 3,600 primary schools, or 4,000
schools in all. We have one director, two
assistant directors, 40 division superin-
tendents, 444 supervising -teachers, 664
American teachers, and 7,669 Filipino
teachers. We have 3,500 secondary stud-
ents, 24,488 intermediate students and
367,018 primary students, average enroll-
ment.

School Plant.

There are between 600 and 700 school-
houses of permanent materials in use
•and the Government is building at the
rate of more than 100 schoolhoi]

OfTcr *300 rr.-j~i Foro

post of ladronism was much increased
and seriously nterfered With any possi-
ble return to presi” ' if;, or successful
agriculture upen which tbe people de-
pended for life

Condition of Ao. culture—1898-1902.

In the matter nH$g;qe.uilure the islands

are as rich as *»?• »ropleai country in the ‘ metrical whole. The course pursued was
world. But peri /.'L - *as -not been car- the sensible course of fitting the go. era-'

LOO schoolhoigLgs :
i^^have been r

nicipal school building" have been re-
cently completed or are in process of
construction.

There is more English spoken in the
Islands today than there is Spanish, and
that has been learned in a decade of ed-
ucation, while the Spanish has been the
official language of the islands and of the
educated people for three centuries. Of
course this English education affects only
the youth of the country and must take
some time to make itself felt in the in-
fluential part of the population. It will
take two generations to give the Filipi-
nos this needed education.

If we had more money we could enlarge
the enrollment in the schools and the
number of schoolhouses and the number
of teachers. But we have to cut our
clothes to suit our cloth. Government
that is useful is costly.* We derive for
the civil Government of the Philippines
not one dollar from the United States.
It is all raised by taxation In the Philip-
pines. The maintenance of peace and the
education of the people go hand in hand.
We spend a little more on one than we
do on the other. We spend a good deal
more on both than the Spanish Govern-
ment did, but as the Spanish Government
neither maintained peace nor educated
the people, the explanation is easy.

American Administration of Justice.

and are vaccinating more at the rate of
1,000,000 to 2,000,000 a year. Black small-
pox in the Spanish days carried off 40,000
people a year in many years. Today the
number of victims is reduced to but a
few hundred in the islands. In seven of
the provinces they had 6,000 deaths from
black smallpox in a year. And now there
is not a single case. Cholera, which
was the scourge of the islands, has lost its
terrors. Bubonic plague has been entirely
driven out. Lepers who were allowed to
wander over the islands and subjected
to the greatest misery and often cruelty,
have been now gathered together, tho
false cases of leprosy separated from the
true cases, and the real lepers have been
sent to a colony where they cultivate the
earth and are comfortable and happy, and
the dread disease is under close exam-
ination with every indication that meth-
ods for its • cure and amelioration are
close at hand. The effect of good water
and sewage in Manila has been to reduce
the number of children who die in con-
vulsions from 2,000 to 500 each year,
though half of all the children fdr lack
of proper rearing still die in infancy.
The death rate has been so much reduced
that the life insurance companies now
charge the same rates in the Philippines
that they do in the United States.

Civil Service—Capacity of Filipinos.

Our experience in the Philippines with
reference to the efficiency of Filipinos for
Government service is that they can be
made to do good work when they are un-
der control of a competent American, but
up to this time, with a few notable ex-
ceptions, they have not the initiative or
the sense of responsibility, or the energy
sufficient to carry on work as chiefs of
bureaus, or to enforce discipline iu ,i
moderate and useful way. The policy of
the Commission has been to extend ac
rapidly as possible, consistent with goo x
government, the opportunities to the Fil-
ipinos to enter the Government servi
and to be promoted therein. We have
Civil Service law there that is far
radical and thorough than the OiViJ
ice law of the United States.

rruriTrg-trre year 1912 a Total •“
Filipinos competed in the exam
about 5,000 taking them in
801 ih Spanish, whereas. durLw, ,
two years’ examinations, over 90 per
of the native competitors had to be
amined in Spanish. In 1903 the numb
of Americans employed in the whole set-
ice was 2,777, and the number of Fil
pinos was 2,697. In 1912 the number
Americans employed was 2,680, while tl
number of Filipinos employed was 6,03
The amount of money paid to the Amer
cans in 1903 was $3,600,000, while t!
amount paid to the Filipinos was $1,110
000. The salaries paid to the American
in 1912 amounted to $4,600,000, while tli
amount paid to the Filipinos had in
creased from $1,110,000 to $2,700,000.
course, it is necessary to pay America
more than Filipinos. The cost of livin
for the Americans in the islands is twice
the cost of living of the Filipinos. This
is due to racial differences and to the
ability of the Filipinos to buy things and
secure labor at a less price. It |s one
of those inequalities that are inherent in
the nature of the work we are doing.

I do not hesitate to say that the char-
acter of the American civil servants and
their effectiveness for the work they have
to do in the islands, when Governor-Gen-
eral Forbes left the islands, was at the
highest point. It had been the result ot
twelve years of training and growth.
Every member of the service had an in-
tense interest in the success of the gov-
ernment and in the showing that could be
made of efficiency and economy in the
reports of the various departments and
of the Commission to this country. They
have always felt that they were on trial,
and while in early days we had some bitter
experiences, they were lessons which
pointed out wise paths.

Expense of the Philippines to the
United States.

There is a persistent misstatement that
the Philippines are a great expense to
the United States. The only expensei
they constitute for the United States is
the expense of maintaining the regular
United States forces in the islands. That
includes maintenance of 4,000 Philippine
scouts and the extra cost of supporting
12,000 troops, which have to be trans-
ported every two years forward and back
from the Philippines to the United States,
and such additional cost of living for
TTT

teem m uui11 ib/liJus,

It means about $250 a man i
this with 1?he cost of the
scouts perhaps the sum of $
year. Beyond this there is n
to the United States. Every other ex-
penditure is paid for out of the treasury
of the islands, raised by taxation and
from other sources. The tax laws of the
islands include customs law. which cover
an import and export tax; internal reve-
nue law, which includes tax on the manu-
facture of liquor, and a tax on merchants
sales, a cedula or a poll tax, and a land
tax, which is at a very small ad valorem
rate. The income of the government is
also increased by interest earned on
funds of the island kept in banks in the
United States and exchange in the sale
of drafts on such funds. The per capita
taxation is far less than in other Oriental
colonies.

Change From Silver to Gold Monetary
Standard.

One of the great benefits conferred
on the islands by the American Govern-
ment was a change from a silver cur-
rency in which, because of its violent
fluctuations in value, there was grent
gambling in which people always lost,
and the bankers always won, a system
that enabled the foreign buyers of the
products in the Philippines in copra and
hemp and sugar to buy from the Fili-

We have given the Filipinos in so far >'»«]>«>$	‘a V/ g""

as they are able and intelligent enough I a*- g°ld Prices_- e introduced tne gold

to avail themselves of it, a system of
courts and administration of justice that
will compare favorably with that of any
country. The judges are half Filipino
and half American. The civil code de-
rived from the Roman law, transferred
from Spain to the Philippines, which de-
fines the rights of persons is a good code,
and we did not disturb it. The code of
civil procedure was one which kept lit-
igants with its technicalities pawing in
the vestibule of justice forever, and we
gave them a new one to render justice
speedy and cheap. The criminal proced-
ure was not in accordance with our eou-
siitution or our ideas of the preservation
of the rights of those accused, and it
was changed. A law of evidence was in-

standard, making a gold peso worth 50
cents in gold, the standard of value. We
recoined the silver Mexican dollar, and
we established what is called a good
standard fund to maintain the silver peso
on an equality with the gold peso. Tho
subsequent rise in the price of silver re-
quired a reduction of the silver in tho
peso and made the transfer from the ono
to the other a source of great profit to
the islands, and out of those profits we
established a gold standard fund of 315
per cent., which financial experts all over
the world pronounced to be ample for
the purpose. It amounts to $9,000,000 for
the preservation of the equality of tJm

*	Continued on Page 9.