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For Tickets, Seats in Parlor and Berths in Sleeping Cars, and all information, apply to NEW ENGLAND PASSENGER AGENCY, CONCORD & MONTREAL RAILROAD, 207 WASHINGTON STREET, "ROGERS BUILDING," BOSTON. TELEPHONE NO. 2588. . 'C EJ� z) Commi~sa~ a rtJIWJ..huI o Lake e o Lngao h oonniaton * LIMErIE w i aatPart anx- EPersilne $ Mu BayI Buag SheldonJJcI P nReog L lces e Jo oe r St.- GreLley's dwnj Bte T~fr l W.Rmn QG < BlaThr's ;PaaLY tMoU? p a t I. rand esYmcf 3eat " enyI c JS. udo t.Anselbu laca la ortuc -Jo Thr e U4 Fafiverrur / a n northapt c B'wLyg . :lotore Cpigeld Wim r akil' B kto -dr _ 4_v o4 # B r u g Jot s Lttbfld H T H Wh , Ken s a P4 Arf tha.bI . La N ' li.Ctreenwioh New , 'annia ortcr ' w CFOO e urg terbury " Norwich " IId e q I o u aM T '4A dsp r" et Wood ' � i f.e y." vwa v Alu a , i Brewe in y .r ;' spud.. ' c aw fee e9fe r pit. ' ntt 4' . iy+ 9' MART. s +G 3 . x, ._ air ue Eshoumrn nousk! b.Simon rols Plstoles t.Andre Kent Eolflt( key . SUMMER OUTINGS - IN THE - OLD GRANITE STATE. A GUIDE TO PLEASANT PLACES AMONG THE MOUNTAINS, LAKES AND VALLEYS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. -VIA THE - MERRIMACK VALLEY ROUTE. 0 S * UISSUED BY TE ISSUED BY THlE 1* t AY fY SF :2 NIVE~iT OfiLUiOI PASSENGER DEPARTMENT OF THE CONCORD & MONTREAL R.R. 0o *s The trains via the Concord & Montreal R.R. leave from the Boston & Lowell R.R. Station, Causeway Street, Boston. Tickets for Tours described herein are obtainable at the New England Passenger Agency, 207 Washington Street, Rogers Building, Boston, and Bos- ton & Lowell R.R. Station, Causeway Street, Boston. Tickets for all Lake and Mountain resorts are obtainable at the principal Ticket Offices in New England, New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Balti- more, and all important cities South and West. Ask for Tickets via Con- cord & Montreal R.R., the Merrimack Valley Route. THE CONCORD & MONTREAL R,R, OFFICIAL STAFF. * 1891* FREDERICK SMYTH, . B. A. KIMBALL, . . J. H. PEARSON, .. C. A. BUSIEL, .. . JOHN F. WEBSTER, CHASE & STREETER, . T. A. MACKINNON,. E. F. MANN, ...... W. A. STOWELL, . . D. C. PRESCOTT, . . F. E. BROWN, ... GEO. W. STORER, . J. T. GORDON, ... . President, .. . . Concord, N. H. SConcord, N. H. SLaconia, N. H. . Treasurer, . . . General Counsel,. . General Manager, . Sup't Train Service, . Sup't Construction, . Gen'I Freight Agen . . . Manchester, N. H. . Executive Committee. .... Concord, N. H. .. . Concord, N. H. .. . Concord, N. H. . . Concord, N. H. ... . Concord, N. H. t, . . . Concord, N. H. . Gen't Pass. and Ticket Agt., . Concord, N. H. SAss't Gen'I Pass. Agt., 207 Washington St., Boston. . Supt. Motive Power and Rolling Concord, N. H. " Stock, .nc.r W. H. ALEXANDER, . . Supply Agent ...... .Concord, N. H. J. M. JONES,. . . . .. Gen'I Baggage Agent, . .. Concord, N. H. GENERAL OFFICES, CONCORD, N. H. BOSTON PASSENGER AGENCY, 207 WASHINGTON ST., ROGERS BUILDING, BOSTON. S the season approaches when the great tide of summer travel will roll backwards and forwards between the mountain, lake- side and seashore resorts, and the towns and cities scattered up and down the length and breadth of the land, the questions irresistibly take place: Where shall we go? How best improve the opportunities which summer presents? These questions are fully answered in this book, and the infor- mation herein afforded is commended to the attention of every inquircr. The present is the second edition of "Summer Outings," and great pains have been taken to render it as complete and thorough a publication for reference as is possible under the cir- cumstances. The mountain and lake regions of New Hampshire, and its charm- ing valleys and farming sections as well, present the very highest attractions from every standpoint of healthfulness, noble natural scenery, and most desirable sojourning places and resorts for recre- ation and rest, known to summer-seekers in this country. Their reputation for superb and wonderful natural features and health- giving qualities is world-wide, and the pleasures and delights afforded by their near acquaintance are unsurpassed by those of any summer resorts in the world. This truth needs no attestation. These resorts are for the enjoyment of every class and condition of people, -rich and poor, millionaire and mechanic, well-to-do and persons of small means alike, - and all may easily find within this region some temporary abiding-place that will admit of the witness- ing and experience of all the advantages outspread, at a cost not too great for the most ordinary purse. The chapters, maps and pictures herein to be found, together with the boarding-house and tourists' lists and accompanying information, are recommended to careful attention. The lists of hotels and excur- sions have been carefully revised for this edition and for the present year, and are full of suggestions for all proposing a vacation season. For any further knowledge of the points covered, or for copies of " SUMMER OUTINGS IN TILE OLD) GRANITE STATE," apply to George W. Storer, Assistant General Passenger Agent, Concord & Montreal Railroad, 207 Washington Street, Boston. "Summer Outings" will be mailed to any address on receipt of six cents in stamps. F. E. BROWN, G. P. & T. A., CONCORD, N.H. G. W. STORER, A. G. P. A., BOSTON, MASS. 5 810840 INDEX OF CHAPTERS. Introductory ... ........... The Merrimac Valley . . . . . . Concord & Montreal Branches ... Winnipesaukee and its Neighborhood . . The South Shore and its Attractions . . Pemigewasset and Franconia . . . . . Moosilauke and Jefferson, or Northward ai the Mountain-Side . ... The Valley of the Ammonoosuc, from the Mount Washington . . . . . . Towns and Stations en Route . .. Summer Board ... . ........ Summer Tours. .. ........ Parlor and Sleeping Car Rates . . . Parlor and Sleeping Car Service. . .. Rail and Stage Connections .... nd Westward of e Connecticut to . . . . . 101-124 . . . . . . 125- 138 . . . . . 139 - 159 . . . . . 160 - 171 S. . 172 . . . . . . 173-174 . . . . . 174 - 175 PAGE . . . . . 9- 11 . . . .. . 13- 27 . . . 28- 38 . . . . . 39- 54 . . . . . . 55- 60 . . . 61- 80 81 - 100 ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Boston & Lowell Railroad Statiofi . . . . . . . . Frontispiece State House, Concord, N.H ..... . . . . . . . . . 12 Hooksett and the Pinnacle .... . . . . . . . . . 14 Nashua Junction, N.H., Station . . . . . . . . . . 16 The Merrimac, between Thornton's and Merrimac .. ..... .17 The Merrimac at Goff's . ..... . . . . . . . . 18 Up River at Merrimac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 The Merrimac, between Goff's and Manchester . . . . . . . 19 St. Paul's School, Concord, N.H ... . . . . . . . . . 20 North from Hooksett Pinnacle ... . . . . . . . . . 22 Hooksett Bridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Concord & Montreal Railroad Station, Concord, N.H. . . . . . 25 Tilton Arch, from Railroad Bridge, Tilton, N.H. . . . . . . 27 In Gardner's Grove, Tilton & Belmont Branch . . . . . . . 29 Pittsfield, from Tuttle Hill . .... . . . . . . . . 31 Tipping Rock, Shirley Hill .. ......... .... 32 Centre Barnstead, N.H ............... . 33 Lake Massabesic. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Gardner's Grove, Tilton & Belmont Branch . . . . . . . 37 Winnipesaukee, from Doe's Hill, Weirs . . . . . . . . . 40 The Whittier Pine, Centre Harbor, N.H . . . . . . . . . 41 Laconia, N.H.....................43 Steamer Leaving the Landing, Centre Harbor . . . . . . . . 46 On Road to Shepard Hill ..... . . . . . . . . . 48 Squam Lake, from Shepard Hill . . . . . . . . . . . 49 A Bit of Lake, from Garnet Hill, Centre Harbor, N.H. ..... 50 View from Perch Island, Squam Lake . . . . . . . . . . 51 Ashland, N.H ...................... . 53 From Lake Shore Park ... .............56 A Glimpse of Ossipee Mountain, from Lake Shore Railroad. . 58 Saint's Rest, Lake Shore Railroad . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Plymouth, from the Pemigewasset Valley . . . . . . . . .62 Franconia Notch........ .......... 64 Pemigewasset Valley, from North of Campton, N.H ...... 66 Mt. Pemigewasset, Franconia Notch . . . . ....... . 68 Bell's Cascade, North Woodstock, N.H.. . . . . . . . . . 69 Echo Lake and Franconia Notch . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Old Man of the Mountains .. .. ... ... . 72 In the Flume, Franconia Notch. . . . . . . . . 74 The Shore of Echo Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 The Flume, Franconia Notch ... .. The Pool, Franconia Notch .. ....... Cascade at Basin, Franconia Notch . . . . . Presidential Range, from Jefferson Highlands Baker's River at West Rumney . . . . . . . Gove's Falls, Wentworth . . . . . . . Mt. Moosilauke, from Wentworth Station . . . Old Mill, Warren ..... Mt. Moosilauke. . . . . . . . . . Entrance to Moosilauke and Kinsman Notches . On Baker's River, Breezy Point . . . Whitefleld, N.H. .... ............ Rose Garland Falls, Breezy Point . . . . . . Lancaster, N.H . . . . ............ Lancaster Meadows ... . . . . . . . Between West Rumney and Wentworth . . Lancaster, N.H. . . . . ............ From Waumbek House, Jefferson . . . . . . Main Street, Lancaster . ... The Pinnacles, Dixville Notch . . . . . . . The Upper Connecticut, beyond Beecher's Falls . Lisbon, N.H .... . ............ Falls at Bath, N.H. ... ........... Sugar Hill, N.H .... ........... Bird's-Eye View, Littleton, N.H. . . . . . . c o The Ammonoosuc River, between Lisbon and Bath ...... . 104 Littleton, from Oak Hill House . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Valley of the Ainmonoosuc, North from Lisbon . . . . . . . 106 Littleton, N.H.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 108 Ammonoosuc Falls, between Fabyan's and Base Mt. Washington . 109 Littleton . . . .. . . . . . . . ..... . . . . 110 Under the Elms, Bethlehem, N.H. . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Mt. Washington, between Twin Mountain and Fabyan's . . . . 113 Bethlehem, from Base of Mt. Agassiz . . . . . . . . . . 114 Mt. Washington, from Mt. Pleasant House . . . . . . . 115 Mt. Pleasant, between Fabyan's and Base Mt. Washington . . . 116 Ammonoosuc Falls, Base Mt. Washington . . Ammonoosuc River, near Base Mt. Washington Mt. Washington Railway . . . . . . . . White Mountains from Franconia . . . . . Street Map of Centre Harbor . . . . . . " Pemigewasset Valley . .. Franconia . . . . . . . . Littleton . . . . . . . " Bethlehem . . . . . . . " " Jefferson . ....... . . .. ....... 117 . . .. ....... 119 ........ 121 . . ...... 122 .. . ....... 154 . . . . . . . 155 . . . . . . . 156 . . . . . . . 157 . . . . . . . 158 . . . . . . 159 PAGE . 77 . 78 . 79 . 82 . 83 . 84 . 85 . 86 . 87 . 88 . 88 . 89 . 90 . 91 . 92 . 94 . 95 . 96 . 97 . 98 . 99 . 100 . 101 . 102 . 103 CHAPTER I. J . W-�-,."(j n 7HE Concord & Montreal 4/LL' j Railroad system is made up by a union of the Concord Railroad with the original Boston, Con- cord & Montreal Railroad and White Mountains Railroad. This system exists entirely within the State of New Hampshire, and its various parts are among the oldest railroad foundations of the country. The main line of the Concord Railroad is laid between the cities of Nashua and Concord, including the manufacturing centres, Manchester and Hooksett, in its course, and following closely the direction of the Merrimac River for its route. For branches it has the Nashua, Acton & Boston Railroad, connecting Nashua with Acton, in Massachusetts (the only instance of any line of the system extending outside the borders of New Hampshire); the Suncook Valley Railroad, connecting Hooksett with the rural centre of Barnstead by a line through a beautiful section of farms and fells; the Concord & Portsmouth Railroad, leaving the main line at Manchester and running direct to Portsmouth, on the seacoast, forty-one miles away; and the Manchester & North Weare Railroad, connecting Manchester and North Weare by a spur line delightful in situation and full of interest for summer-tourists. North of Concord the lines are of the old Boston, Concord & Mon- treal Railroad, known as the White Mountains Division of the Concord & Montreal system. The main line of this division is from Concord northward through Tilton, Laconia, Weirs, Plymouth, Woodsville, Littleton, and a host of towns and villages interspersed, to Wing Road, from which point the Trunk Line may be said to be divided, one section continuing northward to Groveton Junction, on the Grand Trunk Railway, and the other running directly eastward to Fabyan's, almost under the very shadow of Mount Washington. The branches of the White Mountains Division are :-a short spur from Tilton to Bel- 10 mont, near Gilmanton, which will probably be extended to the last- named point; a line connecting Lake Village (Laconia) with Alton Bay, traversing the entire length of the southern shore of Lake Winni- pesaukee; the Pemigewasset Valley Railroad, leaving the main line at Plymouth and running through a semi-mountainous country to North Woodstock, and connecting directly with the Franconia section; the Profile & Franconia Notch Railroad, leading from Bethlehem Junction t Maplewood, Bethlehem, and the Profile House; and the Whitefield & Jefferson Railroad, connecting the two points indicated in this title by a line running eastward about half-way between the two spurs of the main line as above set forth. The Concord & Montreal also runs a short line from Fabyan's across the valley to the base of Mount Washington, connecting directly with the famous Mount Washington Railroad. Aptly and with abundant foundation in truthfulness, the State of New Hampshire was long ago entitled the "Switzerland of America." Possessing the rugged and picturesque mountain and lake features which have made that diminutive European country so famous, the Granite State offers these in a far grander and more diversified presen- tation, and with a charm and fascination of detail which even the Alpine region cannot boast. Besides, New Hampshire affords that which Switzerland does not: the most beautiful and attractive rivers and streams in existence, watering lovely vales and supporting and enrich- ing farming and rural districts such as would be sought for in vain in any other country under the sun. In keeping, too, with the extent and variety which form the distinguishing traits of the New England commonwealths, the Granite State has a seacoast, diminutive and cur- tailed it is true, but offering beaches, and ports, and harbors, and shore- scenery that would have made a name centuries ago for any Old-World section. In this State the angler finds his paradise, in the region where brooks and streams take their rise in mountain heights, and rush in swift and joyous currents to the level of outspread ponds or lake, or, joining the course of stately rivers, flow onward to a union with Old Ocean. The mountain-climber and explorer finds infinite variety and scope for his exertions, in the massive and tumbled and picturesque upheavals and depressions, the peaks and gorges and ravines of the central sections. The pleasure-seeker and tourist flit like the bee from sweet to sweet, now whipping the stream for trout, exploring myriad localities on mountain-side, lake-shore and island for new experiences and revelations of beauty or interest, or basking in the deliciously tempered sunshine and atmosphere of vale and glen and upland, never fearing monotony or anticipating satiety. The tired, worn, perhaps health-broken toiler, exhausted and oppressed with months of ceaseless labor, finds balm and recreative influences such as he has never even dreamed of until he visits here, among the farms and hillsides and nooks and corners of this goodly heritage. In short, no order or condition of humanity but finds somewhere, and probably in numberless localities in this old Granite State, scenes and haunts S for summertime inviting and rewarding all who need or may care for - their beneficences. Into all this region of delights and attractions the Concord & Mon- treal system penetrates, ministering to every interest, responding to every demand for transportation of person or property, opening up every section and district and department to visitation or occupancy. Its lines afford passing glances, introductions, as it were, to every form and manifestation and situation of beauty or attractiveness known in the region. The wondrously fair Merrimac Valley; the monuments of manufactory enterprise;. countless abodes of wealth and ease and insti- - tutions of community progress; lovely intervales and glens strewn with homesteads and farming-establishments, lakes with charming succes- sionis of scenery of shore and island and surface; grand old woods coming down from hill or mountain sides to meet the waters flowing in streams or glistening in sunlight; elevations growing into hills, hills swelling into mountains, mountains topping and overtopping each other, and bristling with crags and ledges and rugged formations; beautiful vistas extending in every direction among these until the eye droops and thought wearies in following their suggestions; great wil- dernesses existing to-day wild and unreclaimed as when fresh from the hand of the Creator-these are but fragmentary specimens of the natural characteristics of the country in which this system is planted, and to which it constantly ministers. . a; ., 12 ,: - - -_ _ _ 4 . . ,.. _ } ;fir _ f t ;'a +' i . - ,, ' a4, r 4 l!y4 . /lA ; <' $ . , 4 " b+f : -- .-- j sti ; i. R Nr _ X'r r j y 1 YYl f a .. . " . -- . .. ,, -- "' i ;s;kr - , , 13 CIHAPTER II. . , ,IME was - when in the whole New England re- gion every -- --natural fea- -/ ture and lo- w cality, every . river, lake, mountain, headland, or notable site, had its Indian name, bestowed by the r ancient and original owners of and dwellers in the land, and descriptive of some quality, feature, or historic association therewith con- nected. As the white settlers overrun the country and established their homesteads and communities at various points, these Indian names often fairly graced the institutions of their founding, and became familiar in the ears of their progeny and to the added multi- tudes who became joined to the interests of their founding. But the spirit of change, which has worked so mightily in all the development of this great section, in due time caused the substitution of more modern nomenclature for these Indian appellations, - more's the pity, -until it has come to pass that modern cars are greeted but seldom by the soft, expressive titles with which the red man used at once to name and describe the locality or thing of which he spoke. Perhaps, however, no one of the New England States has preserved in greater number and purity the Indian names than has New Hamp- shire, the State preieminently of mountains, lakes, and rivers, such as the Indian knew and loved, and in the neighborhood of which he chose to dwell; and among these names none has been preserved with greater acceptance to the generations that have occupied in modern times, or the myriad hosts of travellers and tourists that have wandered over the earth during later decades, than that of the bounding, spark- ling, joyous river, formed by the union of the Winnipesaukee and Pemigewasset, streams that rush downward from the bases of the White Mountains and join their forces as they hurry toward the sea, - the beautiful and wondrously attractive Merrimac, a river that has * pA 15 charmed not alone poets and dreamers, and sentimental observers, but myriad representatives of every walk in life, since the days when first these sections held colonies and dependencies, and lay under the sun as new lands to be discovered and inhabited by pushing and ambitious man. The fairest portion of the Merrimac River, as it rolls southward to a union with the waters of the Atlantic, is from a point not far removed northward from Concord, in the old Granite State; and the beautiful valley that it waters in its course from thence to the southern boundary of the Commonwealth has no duplicate, or superior, in American scenery anywhere. Naturally enough, this valley was early chosen for the foundations of what are now some of the most thriving and prosperous community establishments in New England; and villages, towns, and cities dot the banks of this river in these sections, their sites wondrously beautiful and attractive, and their surroundings of natural features the ministers of never-ending delights. The Indian, in whom the practical and poetic were always singularly blended, did not forget significance when he gave this stream its name, Merrimac meaning "the strong and swift-gliding current." This strong current has been utilized in countless ways at various points within the Merrimac Valley; and great manufacturing establishments clustered here and there form the centres of goodly cities brooding over Merrimac waters, while lesser municipalities and thriving towns exist all along its course through the charmed valley. Outside these centres the natural and original relations still hold; and New England scenery presents nothing fairer, more winsome or satisfying, than is to be found in the varying situations of the lovely Merrimac Valley. Nashua, near the State line between New Hampshire and Massachu- setts, is the southern terminus of the Concord & Montreal Railroad system; and this transportation agency, running northward therefrom, passes first through this beautiful Merrimac country, occupying it for upwards of fifty miles of distance, following so closely the windings and turnings of the river that its waters are scarcely ever more than a few minutes out of sight from the moving trains. On either hand, as this line passes through the valley, it throws off branches, so that the more remote rural and farming sections, and the beautiful scenery sure to be found in every part of Central and Southern New Hampshire, are made practically part of the valley foundation. The city of Nashua and its neighborhoods have large compensations for the summer-seeker, and well repay either a visit or a sojourn to their localities in vacation time. Its community is progressive and in the forefront of New England establishments of the kind; its site is healthful, its streets and estates are finely shaded by tree-growth, and its surroundings are of rural attractions of no mean order. Then, too, as rarely fails to be the case in any part of the Granite State, it has some notable outlooks in various directions, that in fine weather Nashua Junction Station of the Concord & Montreal R.R. l T especially are more than pleasing. Numerous outlying roads afford fine drives, with objective and excursion points of varying interest; and here the accommodations and provisions of both city and country are so nicely blended, that the visitor may pass from the enjoyments of one to the other within the same hour, and avail himself of all that either can afford almost at will. Being at the confluence of two beautiful rivers, the Merrimac and the Nashua, the water-views and facilities for summer sports and pastimes afforded by such natural provision are in excess. Nashua is really one of the youngest of the Granite State communities, having been first settled considerably within the present century, and attaining its growth in comparatively recent times. Until long after the Revo- lutionary War its site formed a portion of the old town of Dunstable, and the whole section was included in the ravages of King Philip's bloody campaigns. After leaving Nashua, the route northward, following the course of The Merrimac, between Thornton's and Merrimac. the Merrimac through the valley, is attractive beyond measure. Towns and villages are not found in frequent succession, although favorable sites, almost sure to prove of rare beauty and utility, have been occupied for community purposes; but upon either bank of the river, planted upon some gently sloping hillside, or nestling among groves or in winsome valley-nooks, larger or smaller individual estates are profusely scattered, representing retired wealth, elaborate farming industry, or the summer establishments of citizens of widely separated centres. Often these estates, with their finish of ornamentation and cultivation, lend peculiar attractions to situations for which nature has done her best, and animate scenes that have been fair to look upon ever since the dawning of creation. But the river itself forms the great centre of attraction in all this section. Its swift-moving current has worn a deep bed in the valley in the course of centuries, so that its banks on either side appear in miniature cliffs, only a few feet The Merrimac at Goff's. raised above the surface of the water to be sure, but constantly suggesting that overlooking of the water from the land always so pleasing where river or lake or ocean enter into the scenery. Usually, the grounds on either side of the river slope gently backwards Up River at Merrimac. and upwards from its banks, sometimes rising in slight undulations for long distances before finally reaching the extreme level, and again abruptly mounting skyward in successions of low, wooded hills, in this part of the State hardly suggestive of the mountain heights that so completely occupy a little farther away. Although in its general course the river is unusually straight, its shores are sinuous enough, winding and circling about miniature points and headlands, often covered with the loveliest groves; or, occasionally, the waters broaden out into lakelets, apparently to accommodate groups or individuals of fairest islands, that seem to be floating quietly on the surface of the stream The Merrimac, between Goff's and Manchester. under the sunlight. The points and headlands half inclose, or give formation to, little bays and harbors, that greatly diversify the views, and enhance their attractiveness in all directions. Now and then, the river rushes over broad and descending ledges of bared rock, as at Hooksett and old Amoskeag, when the most picturesque and sightly river-falls imaginable are developed. Amid all these scenes and situations the valley roads are laid; and near these beneficent highways are the celebrated New Hampshire farms, the centres of sojourn for myriad visitors to these parts in summer time, who value their accommodations, their home-life, and their wondrous recreative influences as they can never esteem the ministrations of hotels great and small, or the caravansaries of cosmo- politan features to be found on every hand in the seashore, lake, and mountain localities. Dividing these rural sections into departments, as it were, the centres of manufacturing industries are set along this valley. Mid- way between Nashua and Concord appears the thriving city of Man- chester, a municipal establishment that has even more of country than of city features, and whose surroundings are of the loveliest zf .J 4. ' t ' .. :., . .. .:.. . -' ,:a ,ix _ .. ... ., t x.a- Y .. .. - . t ... ..A '-" u .. ' - .- .r . r . +. r . 'a � Pl C 0 F 17 :'. _ :tip. ;