MINISTRY OE RECONSTRUCTION.

WOMEN’S ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

REPORT

OF THE

SUB-COMMITTEE APPOINTED TO CONSIDER THE
POSITION AFTER THE WAR OF WOMEN HOLDING
TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS IN GOVERNMENT
DEPARTMENTS.

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1919.MINISTRY OF RECONSTRUCTION.

^ *

WOMEN’S ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

REPORT OF THE SUB-COMMITTEE APPOINTED’ TO
CONSIDER THE POSITION AFTER THE WAR OF
W OMEN HOLDIN G TEMPORARY APPOIN TM ENTS
IN GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS/

Mrs. Granville Streatfeild, C.B.E. (<Chairman).
Miss Philippa Eawcett.

Mrs. Vaughan Nasi-i.

Miss L. F. Nettlefold.

Miss Beta Oldham.

Miss Tuke.

Mr. C. B. Pitt.

Mr. Graham Wallas.

Miss Hinton Smith {Secretary).

TEBMS OF BEFEBENCE.

To consider what immediate action should he taken to deal with the problem created by the approaching
termination of engagements of large numbers of women holding' temporary appointments, of an administra-
“ as well as of a clerical nature, in Government Departments, having regard especially to the possible
“ openings for women in the permanent Civil Service.’5

* This Report was submitted to the Minister of Reconstruction before the issue of the Final Report of the Treasury
Committee on Recruitment for the Civil Service after the War, and therefore does not touch on the detailed recommendations
m regard to women contained in that'Report.5

T

Ministry of Reconstruction,

Women’s Advisory Committee.

To the Right Honourable Christopher Addison, M.D., M.P.

Sir,

We have the honour to submit our Report.

L

EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN IN THE CIVIL SERVICE PENDING THE RESUMPTION OF

APPOINTMENT BY OPEN COMPETITION.

1. Having held a first meeting on November 20th, we transmitted to you an Interim Report as
follows

Interim Report.

“ We desire to call immediate attention to the position of women who have, during the war, been
employed (though holding temporary appointments) in posts of a permanent character.

“We feel that injury will be done to the Public Service if the principle that permanent appointments in
the Civil Service should be reserved for a period of years for men from the Army or Navy should prevent
any further employment for these women/" They are not, for the most part, holding posts formerly held
by men who left for military service and now desire to return; the great majority of these posts represent
either new work or a new extension of old work. Those who have held these posts have, in some cases, shown
administrative capacity of high grade, and their dismissal would result in a real loss to the efficiency of
government.

“We therefore recommend that the proposals contained in Section 4 (2) of the Third Interim Report of
the 'Treasury Committee on Civil Service Recruitment after the War should be applied to women.”

2.	The pertinent passages of the Report referred to are as follows :—*

“ The War Office, the Admiralty and the Ministry of Pensions urge that all vacancies in the per-
“ manent Civil Service, on demobilisation, and for one year or more thereafter, should be reserved for
“ men who have served in His Majesty’s Forces during the present war. This view will accord with
“ public sentiment and, subject to the maintenance of a sufficient educational standard, it has our sup-
“ port as a general principle. But a rule to that effect, if rigidly applied, would result in the exclusion
“ of certain candidates possessing special qualifications or valuable experience whom the Public Service
“ can ill afford to lose. We therefore recommend that apart from situations usually filled: from persons
“ below military age or by women, service with the Forces should, during a period which will vary
“ with different grades and cannot at present be determined, be a necessary qualification, subject
“ to the following exceptions : —

(1) “ It is occasionally necessary to make appointments from outside the Service to posts requiring
“ technical qualifications or involving superior responsibility. These cases will be relatively few in
“ number, and will usually be those of men beyond the ordinary limits of age prescribed for competitive
“ examinations.”

“ (2) A large number of men, who have been pronounced unfit on grounds of health for general
“ service, have been temporarily employed in Government Departments during the war. We are
“ informed by several Departments that they consider it desirable, in the interests of the Service, to
“ retain permanently a limited number of these officers who have not only proved themselves To be up
“ to or above the standard usually obtained from competitive examinations but have gained valuable
“ administrative experience in the Departments in which they have served. We think that such
“ candidates, if recommended by their Departments, should be eligible for selection for permanent
“ posts, but should be required to appear before the Selection Board, referred to hereafter, on the
“ same footing as candidates from His Majesty’s Forces. Absence of military service must however
“ be balanced by positive merit, and the mere fact that the Department would derive greater immediate
“ advantages from retaining a man who had learnt the work, than from engaging a newcomer who
“ would require to be trained will not justify such appointments except in. very special cases. If the
“men are selected, the Department in which they had gained experience should have first claim on
“ their services, subject to any choice which the candidate himself might be entitled to exercise.”

3.	The scheme recommended by the Committeet appears to make it impossible for women to be
appointed, however great their capacity and the need for their services, except to situations “ usually filled

by..............women.” This restriction would apparently limit the appointment of women to subordinate

positions, such as that of typist, and to the few posts of a superior grade held by women before the war.
Thus, for instance, it appears that no woman could be appointed to a post under a Ministry of Health, unless
similar posts had been usually held by women in other Departments before the war. This provision would,
for an undefined period after the war, exclude women from administrative work, such as they have done in
Government Departments during the war.

Our Interim Report dealt solely with this point, and we recommended that equal treatment as regards
eligibility for permanent appointments should be extended to all persons temporarily employed in Govern-
ment Departments during the war, and held to be unfit for combatant duties, whether the unfitness was
due to health or to sex.

4.	Section 4 (2) is subject to Sections 9 and 23 of the same Report, which recommend that applicants
for Class I must not be over 23 years of age on August 1st, 1914, and that applicants for the intermediate or

* See Section 4 of the Third Interim Report of the Treasury Committee oil Recruitment for the Civil Service after the War.
t It appears from Section 23 of the Third Interim Report of the Treasury Committee that the Committee contemplate that a certain
proportion only of vacancies of the intermediate or senior clerical class shall be reserved for men from His. Majesty’s Forces. We
understand, however, from statements made by His Majesty’s Ministers in Parliament that the Government has adopted the principle
of reserving all new appointments for such men.

(21131.) Wt. 38953—193. 5000. 6/19. D & S. (J. 2.	A 2

5.4

senior clerical class must be between 18 and 23 at the time of appointment. The principle on which these
recommendations are apparently based is that men who were eligible for appointment before tke war, but
who either did not apply to enter tke Civil Service, or were not successful in tkeir applications, ska-11 not be
made eligible, either by services in tke Forces, or by temporary employment' in Government Departments
during tke war. As women were (except in tke case of a. few posts) ineligible for appointments before tke
war, tke enforcement of similar rules as to age in tkeir case would, in our opinion, unduly restrict tke field
of suitable applicants.	'	,

5.	Tke further restriction of tke permanent appointments of applicants witkin these age limits to “ men
wko have served in His Majesty's Forces during tke present war " (Section 4) will obviously work unequally
with, regard to tke two sexes. Practically all men of tke required age (including many wko have never been
to tke front) will be eligible. Ho woman of the same age will be eligible. Those declared ineligible will
include women who have spent years at tke front in hospital and other organising work involving personal
danger; women who llave done important work of direct utility to the prosecution of tke war, as organisers
of land workers, welfare superintendents, superiors in the women's naval, military and air corps, or in other
positions requiring high administrative and executive powers.

6.	“ Competitive examinations of tke pre-war type " are to be suspended for at least two, and possibly
three, years after demobilisation " (Section T). This period apparently represents tke minimum time during
which the regulations of Sections 4, 9 and 23 will be in force, and will apply to Class I and tke Intermediate
or Senior Clerical Class (Section 23). It will, for instance, make women university students, who were
beginning tkeir degree course when the armistice was signed in November, 1918, still ineligible to compete
for Class I after the end of their course. During this period permanent appointments are to be made,
sufficient “ not only to make good tke normal wastage of some seven or eight years, but to provide both for
abnormal wastage due to casualties and other causes, and for new posts, tke number of which will be con-
siderable though it cannot at present be estimated " (Section 8).. This will necessarily involve tke dismissal
during this period of all persons now holding temporary appointments, who have not received permanent
appointments.

7.	Therefore, with the exception of typists, post office sorters, girl clerks, etc., and women appointed
to the very few organising, professional or inspecting posts open to women before the war, tke position of
women with regard to tke Civil Service during the period of reconstruction will. be as follows :—■

Every woman now working in the Government Service, and not yet permanently appointed, however
excellent her,work has been, and whether she is above or below the proposed limit of age, will be dismissed.

No woman now -outside tke Service, whatever her age or qualifications, and however excellent and
hazardous work she may have done for the prosecution of the war, will be eligible for appointment.

Tke tradition of administrative service by women which has been created during the war, will, by these
means, be broken, and it may not be possible for perhaps many years effectively to recreate it.	*

8.	In order to remedy what seems to be the manifest unwisdom of this arrangement, we recommend,
in addition, to the recommendation contained in our Interim Deport:—-

(1)	That women, now holding temporary appointments in Government Departments who “ have not

only proved themselves to be up to or above the standard usually obtained from competitive
examinations, but have grained valuable administrative experience in the Departments in which
they have served " (Section 4 (2) of the Treasury Committee's Report), shall not be prevented
from appearing before the Selection Board by the special age restrictions set-out in Sections 9
and 23 of that Report. The requirement of a high recommendation from the Department in
which a candidate has served, the powers of the Selection Board, the general regulations of the
Service,, and the regulations of the Civil Service Commission, will, we believe, be amply suffi-
cient to prevent any permanent appointment being made of a woman whose age makes such an
appointment undesirable.

(2)	That during the period of reconstruction, either—

•	(a) the special regulation as to war service as a condition of new appointments be not

applied to women^ and the Selection'Board be directed to choose those women who appear likely
to make the best officials; or .

(b) if the special regulation be retained, it should be so worded as to allow women to appear,
before the Selection Board who are otherwise suitable, and who have done service during the war
of direct utility to the prosecution of the war.

II.,

EMPLOYMENT OF' WOMEN IN. THE CIVIL SERVICE AFTER THE RESUMPTION OF- OPEN

■ .COMPETITION.	- , .	■

9.	It has seemed to us that in framing our recommendations with regard to openings for women in the
permanent Civil Service, we should have regard, not only to the present exceptional circumstances, but also
to the conditions which may be expected to prevail when normal methods of recruitment are restored.

The governing consideration must be the efficiency of the Public Service, and not the interests of either
sex. In taking this asm guiding, principle, we accept the view laid down by the Royal Commission on the
Civil Service, as follows : —*

“ In dealing with the principles which should govern the recruitment of men, we submitted
“ that it was not legitimate to take a particular course of action simply with the view to providing a
“ career for a particular class of the community, but that the sole object of recruitment should be to
V provide the most efficient public service possible consistently with economy on the one hand, and
■	satisfactory-conditions of labour on the other.,

“ We desire to re-affirm this principle in connection with the employment of women, and ti
“ record our unanimous opinion that the object should be, not to provide employment for women as
“ "Such, but to secure for the State the advantage of the services of women whenever those services will
“ best promote its interests."

# Fourth Report, p. 90, of the Royal Commission on the Civil Service. (Cd. 7338.)5

We are of opinion that .the interests of the State are best promoted by widening tlie field of Selection,
and by securing the highest available capacity, irrespective of sex. We, therefore, recommend that women
should be eligible for admission to all grades of appointment in tlie Civil Service on the same terms and
subject to file same conditions as men.

10. In making this recommendation, we have borne in mind the probability of the .institution,
as recommended by the Royal Commission on the Civil Service, of three grades: (a) the Junior Clerical
Class, (6) the Senior Clerical Class, (c) the Administrative Class, corresponding to the stages in the
educational system of the country, viz. : (a) Secondary Education to the age' of .16, (b) Secondary Education
to the age of 18, (c) the highest standard of education of the country; each class to be recruited by open
competitive examination of appropriate standard in the ordinary subjects of general education.'"

We believe that the reasons on which the proposals of the Royal Commission were based apply at. least
as strongly to the case of women as to the case of men. In the recruitment of women, it is equally important
to substitute a simple and intelligible scheme of recruiting corresponding to definite educational stages
for the existing complex and uneducational arrangement.

We therefore recommend that women be admitted by the same examination, and at the same age as
men to the proposed Junior Clerical, Senior Clerical and Administrative Classes, t

41. The Royal Commission stated that they were in great sympathy with the proposal that in the case
both of boy and of girl candidates for posts to be taken up at an age corresponding to the conclusion of
a school course, a “ leaving certificate ” should be required as a. condition of entry to the competition, but
vStated that they did not “think that the general educational system of the country is as yet sufficiently
developed to allow of its immediate adoption/5 (Fourth Report, p, 93, Section 30.)

Recent legislative and administrative changes have now, we believe, made possible a step in this
direction; and we recommend that no candidate be admitted to the examination for the Junior Clerical Class
who has not passed a First School Examination.	• *

12.	Of the existing grade of typists and shorthand-typists/it may be said that more complaints are

made, both of the conditions of employment and of the inefficiency of the workers, than in respect of any
other grade. On the part of the typists, there are complaints of long hours, of monotonous and mechanical
work/which yet requires close aiid constant attention, and of lack of promotion; on the part of the heads of
departments, complaints of inefficiency and lack of interest. We think that dissatisfaction on both sides is
justified, and is attributable to the low standard of general education required on admission, and, within the
service, to lack of responsibility/lack of variety in the work, and lack of stimulus' -derived from hope of
promotion.	*

For these reasons, and because we attach the greatest importance to the recommendation of the Royal
Commission that the methods of recruiting the Civil Service shall correspond. to the general educational,
system of the country, we recommend that typing and shorthand-writing be done by persons admitted through '
the ordinary examinations for the clerical classes.

This will have the further advantage of eliminating the present system of nominating typists for appoint-
ment which exists in ail Government Departments/except the General Post Office. (Ibid, p. 89, Section 11.)

We do not think that typing should be one of the subjects in either of the clerical examinations. Typing
can be comparatively rapidly acquired, and some Departments may prefer, having obtained girls of good
general education through the Junior Clerical Examination, to train them in typing within the Department.
In other cases, it may be found better to require those candidates who are successful in the examination, and
who will be given work involving typing, to reach an adequate standard in that respect, before entering on
their duties.

We think that if adequate educational qualifications are required, every woman clerk engaged in typing
should be responsible for the accuracy of her own work; such responsibility is in itself educative, and we are
convinced that much time is at present wasted in checking inaccuracies due to lack of education.

Shorthand requires a period of some months intensive study. It may be found convenient that successful
candidates who have shown in the Senior Clerical Examination that they have reached a good standard of
secondary education, and who will be engaged in work requiring shorthand, should take an intensive course
in that subject before entering on their duties. Or, girls who have originally entered by the Junior Clerical
Examination, and who show themselves likely to become intelligent shorthand clerks, may be given the
necessary leave of absence on the recommendation of the heads of their departments.

The requirements of the educational standard represented by the Junior and Senior Clerical Examina-
tions will make it possible to do away with many of the conditions of service of which, the present typists and
shorthand-typists complain. It will not be necessary that any girl or woman should spend her whole official
life in mechanical copying, and suitable candidates will be able to look forward both to variety of work,
and to the same prospects of promotion as are open to those who entered by the same examinations as them-
selves, and have taken up other forms of work.

13.	The'foregoing paragraphs deal with conditions of admission by competitive examination. There
are, however, many professional and semi-professional posts which cannot suitably be filled by examination.
In regard to these posts also, we consider that the recommendations of the Royal Commission are applicable
to women. These recommendations may be summarised as follows : —

(1)	Publication of the existence of vacancies.

(2)	Selection of the two or three best candidates by a Committee in each Department, including the

permanent head or his deputy, an experienced officer of the professional section in which the
vacancy occurs, and a representative of the Civil Service Commission.

(3)	Appointment of one of the selected candidates by the Minister responsible, for the Department.

W© recommend that in any case where a woman is among the candidates, the Committee of Selection

should include a woman or women.

14.	As an exception to the rule that both men and women should be eligible for all appointments, we
recommend that, an appointment should be tenable only by one sex in any case where this restriction is
desirable owing to the age or sex of the persons under the superintendence or inspection of the officer, or in the
purview of the Department.

* See Appendix.	"	.

t The. recommendations of the Royal Commission do not apply to the Post Office servants, and onr recommendations are
similarly restricted.6

For instance, it is essential that provision should be made by regulation for tire appointment of a due
proportion of women officers and inspectors for prisons, asylums and industrial schools, where women, girls
or children are among the inmates; and that the necessary revision of the staffs should now be undertaken.

Somewhat similar considerations point to the advisability of the employment of a woman establishment
officer in Government Departments where women are employed in junior posts, and to the appointment of
women to committees charged with the selection of candidates for appointment, where some of the candidates
are women. In particular, we think that one of the Civil Service Commissioners should be a woman, and
that a woman should be appointed to the section of the Treasury dealing with Civil Service organisation.

15. In recommending the employment of women on the same conditions as men, we intend to imply
that they should have equal opportunities of promotion, and an equal scale of pay.

Two arguments have been advanced in favour of the practice of paying women on a lower scale than men,
(a) that they are less efficient on the ground of inferior health or for other reasons, (6) that they have, as a
rule, less family responsibilities than men. (a) We do not propose to argue the question of the alleged
comparative inefficiency of women in the mass. Our contention is that with an equal scale of pay, and a
proper system of selection and promotion, relative inefficiency would result merely in the appointment of a
smaller number of women, and the promotion of a smaller proportion to posts of responsibility. On .the
other hand, the system of a lower scale of pay may lead to the appointment of women on the ground of
cheapness rather than of merit. This result would be not only detrimental to the Service, but inequitable
to the men who would be “ undercut.” (b) We do not under-rate the importance of the consideration that men
have, as a rule, greater family responsibilities than women. We consider however that the question of
family responsibilities is not adequately dealt with by the rough and ready method of paying less to women
than to men, irrespective of their individual circumstances, nor could it be settled without raising the very
large question of the employment of women after marriage.

III.

THE TRAINING OF WOMEN DISPLACED

FROM

GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS.

16. In the first part of this Report, we recommended that women who had shown si positive merit ” in
work in Government Departments should be eligible for retention in the service. It is clear, however, that
the reduction in the establishment of certain Government Departments and the discontinuance of others,
must, apart from the general question of the eligibility of women for retention in the service, necessitate the
discharge of large numbers of women who have held temporary appointments during the war.

We consider it of the greatest importance in the interest of the community, as well as in that of the
women themselves, that those women should be encouraged to continue in useful employment of a kind
which gives scope to whatever ability and capacity they may possess. We therefore hope that recom-
mendations 3 and 4* of the Final Report of the Civil War Workers’ Committee (Cd. 9228), p. 6, will be
speedily carried into effect.

As regards recommendation 5t, we are of opinion that somewhat more definite action should be taken
than appears to be contemplated by the Civil War Workers’ Committee.

In this connection we note that a public announcement has been made by the Controller General of
the Department of Demobilisation and Resettlement of the Ministry of Labour (“ Times,” December 14th,
1918, p. 8, col. 2) that the Government “ have decided in suitable cases to provide financial assistance for
ex-service men who desire to resume suitable education and training .	.	. but who cannot otherwise

afford to meet the expenses involved,” and that this assistance is apparently to be given not primarily as a
reward for service, or as a compensation for the hardships and disabilities of military life, but “to restore
the supply of men of higher general, scientific, professional and business attainments whom the nation
needs for every profession and industry.” The events of the past four years have made it clear, both to
the nation as a whole and to the women themselves, that the nation needs the services of trained women
as well as those of men, and we consider, therefore, that the scheme set forth in the statement of the
Controller-General should be extended to women who have been holding temporary appointments in Govern-
ment Departments during the war.

Without in any way desiring to limit the types of profession or occupation for which facilities for
training may be granted, we would draw special attention to the following occupations for which the need
for trained workers would appear to be great: Medicine and other services connected with national health ;
teaching, including teaching in nursery schools and in continuation schools. In this connection we note
that physical education is a compulsory part of the curriculum of the continuation schools (Section 3 (1) of
the Education Act, 1918). In the case of boys, it is presumed that a sufficient supply of qualified instructors
will be available from among ex-Service men, but no corresponding source of supply at present exists for the
large number of women who will be required to give physical education to the girls.

The employment of women in various branches of commerce and industry which has been brought
about by war needs will, in all probability, be continued, provided that suitably qualified women are
available. Special mention may be made of foreign correspondence in commercial houses and of industrial
chemistry. Other openings would, no doubt, be suggested by the Advisory Committee proposed in recom-
mendation 4 of the Final Report of the Civil War Workers’ Committee. Other opportunities of training
would be presented if the Government should introduce legislation based upon the principle of opening the

* (3) “ That a complete register of temporary Government clerks should, be formed and kept in charge of the Burlington Gardens
Exchange ; and that this register should record not only the qualifications, service, &c., of each individual, but also his or her wishes
in regard to continuing in employment after demobilisation.”

(4) “ That in connection with the Exchange there should be set up an Advisory Committee which should collect and furnish
information as to openings outside the Civil Service and various courses of training ; and that this Committee |should also make
arrangements where required for special courses of training.”

f (5) “ That the question of giving facilities in special circumstances for full-time intensive courses of professional training should
be considered by the authorities concerned.”1

learned professions for women. Whether the selection of candidates for the award of grants and the inquiry
into their circumstances should be made by the Advisory Committees or by the Local'Education Authority
for Higher Education is a point on which we express no definite opinion.

17. In making the foregoing proposals, we have in mind women who have received at least a good
secondary education. There are, however, a considerable number of girls and women holding temporary
appointments in Government Departments whose education has not extended beyond the elementary stage.
We understand that those who are “ young persons” are already to some extent. provided for by the
unemployment insurance donation for juveniles. There are, however, others of this type who are over
the age of 18, and are therefore not included in the scheme for unemployed juveniles. . We consider it
important that any of these who are sufficiently adaptable to benefit by training for suitable occupation
should be eligible for assistance in the form of maintenance grants in the same way as those who have
received a better school education. Among occupations for which training might be taken are various
branches of domestic work.

We have not overlooked the fact that our recommendation involves considerable expenditure, though
in the absence of information as to the number of women who will be retained in the Service, and the
qualifications of those who will be displaced, we have been unable to frame even an approximate estimate
of the cost. We anticipate, however, that it would1 be small compared with that of the scheme for
demobilised soldiers and sailors already approved by the Government ; and we would suggest that Mr.
Fisher’s remark in regard to developments under the Education Act applies to this proposal—that the
question is not whether the country can afford to do it, but whether it can afford not to do it.

RECOMMENDATIONS.

1.	That women who have (a) been temporarily employed in Government Departments during the
war, or (b) been employed otherwise than in Government Departments in the work of direct utility to the
prosecution of the war, be eligible for selection for permanent posts in the Civil Service, but should be
required to appear before a Selection Board on the same footing as candidates froin His Majesty’s Forces,
it being understood that absence of military service must be balanced by positive merit.

2.	That women now holding temporary appointments in Government Department who “ have not
only proved themselves to be up to or above the standard usually obtained from competitive examinations,
but have gained valuable administrative experience in the Departments in which they have served”
(Third Interim Report of the Treasury Committee on Recruitment for the. Civil Service after the War.
Section 4 (2) ), should not be prevented from appearing before the Selection Board by the special age
restrictions set out in Sections 9 and 23 of that Report.

3 That during the period of reconstruction, either—

(a)	The special regulation as to war service as a condition of new appointments be not applied to

women, and the Selection Board be directed to choose those women who appear likely to make
the best officials;

(b)	If the special regulation be retained, it should be so worded as to allow women to appear before

the Selection Board who are otherwise suitable, and who have done service during the war of
direct utility to the prosecution of the war.

4.	That women be admitted by the same examinations and at the same age as men to the Junior
Clerical, Senior Clerical, and Administrative Classes which were recommended by the Royal Commission
on the Civil Service.

5.	That no candidate be admitted to the examination for the Junior Clerical Class who has not passed
a First School Examination.

6.	That typing and shorthand writing in the Government Departments be done by persons admitted
through the ordinary examinations for the Clerical Classes.

7.	That neither typing nor shorthand writing be subjects in the competitive examinations for those
classes.

8.	That the recommendations of the Royal Commission on the Civil Service for the filling of
professional and technical posts be applied to women equally with men. Where a woman is a candidate
for such a post, the Committee of Selection should include a woman or women. (Fourth Report of the Royal
Commission on the Civil Service (Cd. 7338), page 47, section 2.)

9.	That where the sex or age of the persons under the superintendence of any officer, or in the purview
of any Department, makes it essential that a due proportion of officers and inspectors shall be of any one
sex, regulations to that effect shall be made, and the necessary revision of staff shall be undertaken .

10.	That in Departments where women are employed, there shall be a woman Establishment Officer,
and women shall be appointed to all Committees charged with the selection of candidates, where some of the
candidates are women.

11.	That one of the Civil Service Commissioners shall be a woman.

12.	That a woman be appointed in the section of the Treasury proposed by the Royal Commission for the

supervision and control of the Civil Service. (Ibid., p. 87, para. 101.)	**

13.	That throughout the Service women shall receive equal opportunities of promotion with men, and
equal rates of pay.

14.	That recommendations 3 and 4 of the Final Report of the Civil War Workers’ Committee (Cd. 9228)
be speedily applied to the case of women who have held temporary appointments in the Departments during
the war.8

15.	That the scheme announced by the Controller-General of Demobilisation of the Ministry of Labour
on December 14th, 1918, be extended to women who have been holding temporary appointments in Goverri-
ment Departments during the war.

16.	That girls and women holding temporary appointments in Government Departments during the
war, whose education has not extended beyond the elementary stage, and who are not provided for by the
unemployment insurance donation for juveniles, be eligible for assistance in. the form of maintenance grants
during training.

We have the honour to be, Sir,	,

A./."Your obedient Servants,,

LUCY DEANE STREATFEILD (Chairman).

PHILIPPA G. FAWCETT.

ROSALIND NASH.

L. E. NETTLEFOLD.

RETA OLDHAM.

0. R. PITT.

MARGARET J. TUKE.
GRAHAM WALLAS.

E. HINTON SMITH,

Secretary.

3rd January, 1919.

APPENDIX.

As an example of the evils which such a classification as that referred to in Paragraph 10 would remedy,
we may quote Grades 1, 2 and 3 of the present system of grading issued in September, 1918. As the rates
are not comparable on account of the slight difference in hours worked by men and women, we have added a
column to the women’s rates, in which are shown the sums that would be earned by women if they were paid
at existing rates arid worked the same hours as the men.

Men.		Women.		
				Calculated Salaries that
	Actual		Actual	would be
Grades.	Salaries for	Grades.	Salaries for	payable for a
	a week of		a week of	week of 48
	48 hours.		44 hours.	hours at the rates actually
				paid.
Grade I.—Technical Clerks entering at		Grade I.—Technical Clerks entering at		
21 years of age	75/if	18 years of age	50/-	54/6
After 3 years’ experience at		After 3 years’ experience at		
age of 24			90/-	age of 21		  \ After 6 years’ experience at	57/6	62/8
		age of 24	57/6	62/8
Grade II.—Engaged on Superior Clerical		Grade II.—Engaged on Superior Clerical		
duties, entering at 21 years		duties, entering at age		
of age	67/-	of 18		45/-	49/1
After 3 years’ experience at		After 3 years’ experience at		
age of 24			82/-	age of 21  After 6 years’ experience at	52/6	57/3
		age of 24			52/6	57/3
Grade III. —Routine Clerks entering at 21		Grade III.—Routine Clerks entering at age		
years of age		57/-	of 18		37/6	40/11
After 3 years’ experience at		After 3 years’ experience at		
age o f 24	64/6	age of 21		  After 6 years’ experience at	43/6	• 47/5
		age of 24	43/6	47/5

Printed under the authority of His Majesty’s Stationery Office
By DARLING and SON, Limited, Bacon Street, E.2.

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