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TURKEY RUN
STATE PARK

A HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION

7&c

DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION
STATE OF INDIANA
1923



H

,









Ml]liiC

OF THE
UtUVtflWY Of UU»W*Goose Eock, on Sugar CreekVacation

The moon comes slowly up across the stream,

Like mountain crags against the sky the willows seem,
And, in a fairy playground, shimmering, lies
Upon wet lily pads the silver from the skies.

The muskrat's widening wake from bank to bank
Blots out the bubbles where the leather-turtle sank,
And where the giant spikes of arrowhead uprear,
The moccasins their undulating courses steer.

The lilt of ripple-music over all—

The horse-weeds rustling at the southwind's gentle call—
A splash among the cat-tails and a moment's gleam,
When some great fish in play must spurn the stream.

All this is mine, upon a. summer night— v
Yea, and the fireflies sailing by their tiny light—

Shall I not dream a dream, and keep it for my own,
Before I travel on into the restless town?

—Walter Greenough, in Farm and Fireside, 1922.THE DEPARTMENT OF
CONSERVATION

STATE OF INDIANA



W. A. GUTHRIE, Chairman
STANLEY COULTER
JOHN W. HOLTZMAN
E. MORTIMER WILSON, Secretary

Tht UbHAiXV 0f

Ft'B 2 ? 1942

UNIVERSITY OF iLL/NOIS

RICHARD LIEBER

DIRECTOR

2—24187

INDIANAPOLIS:

AVM. B. BURFORD, CONTRACTOR FOR STATE PRINTING AND BINDING

1923Acknowledgment is made to Mr. Fred W. Phelps of the
Marshall News for valuable material contained
in these pages.Turkey Run State Park

A History ancf Description



Compiled by C. G. SAUERS



PUBLICATION NUMBER 35
THE DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION
STATE OF INDIANA
DIVISION OF LANDS AND WATERSIntroduction

In northern Parke County where the crystal waters of
Turkey Run enter the amber flow of Sugar Creek lies Turkey
Run State Park. It' is a tract of virgin wilderness, hiding
beneath its voluminous foliage great rocky canyons, carpeted
with ferns, luxuriant grasses and rare and beautiful mosses
and lichens. Each canyon has its diamond clear brook fed
by springs that trickle down the rocks and form an accom-
paniment to the melodies of a host of song birds. Along the
creek banks, in the canyons, perched high on the edge of cliffs,
mighty trees—beech, walnut, sycamore, maple, poplar and
oaks—rear their great heads in lordly attitude and rule the
scene by the divine right of size and beauty.

One may roam for hours through deep woods and can-
yons. Each turn presents a picture of unusual beauty—the
sun plays through the graceful artistry of elm tree leaves and
branches, exhibiting the liquid green of the leaves and throw-
ing their intricate pattern on the path in play of light and
shade—a black walnut of stupendous girth rears itself fret
of its smaller brethren and stands, a veteran of three hun-
dred years of struggle with the elements—a clear, cold spring
drops from a niche in the canyon wall with merry trickle and
runs off to join the brook that daintily threads its way over
the floor of the canyon, nourishing along the way clumps of
fern and a moss blanket to cover the bareness of the rocky
wall—great cliffs rise perpendicular from the canyon floor,
overhung by hemlocks that cling with great snake-like roots
on the very edge, decorated with festoons of woodbine that
hang from every niche, besprinkled with patches of fern and
lichen like a huge tapestry.

The trees of Turkey Run are beyond compare for size and
beauty. The largest are the yellow poplar or tulip tree, the
finest of which are over one hundred feet in height and with
trunks so straight as though erected by the plumb-bob. Many
have no limbs lower than seventy-five feet, the trunks rising
to this height, perfect columns with diameters of thirty to
forty-eight inches, tapering but little—nature's pillars to hold
up the blue canopy of the sky.

(8)STATE

Gypsy Gulch
(For comparison note figure in foreground)

Ii05500

TURKEY RUN

PARK10

TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

Gray-splotched old beech trees throw out their long grace-
ful branches, offering their dense shade for the passersby.
The black walnut rivals the tulip tree for size, and with its
great crooked branches is not unlike the old warrior, black-
ened by time and weather, with body erect and tall and arm
sinuous, scarred and gnarled from long strife. Magnificent
sycamores crowd each other for room along the creek bank.
They are at their best in the moonlight when the trunks
gleam like great shafts of silver pillaged from the halls of
some Persian Emperor. Oaks are in abundance. It is the
tree of character, for each presents its own history in the
artistry of its curves and the beauty of silhouette. Elms are
there, shaped like vases which seem to overflow with rich
green foliage. In this region is found one of the few groves
of hemlock—commonly called fir—the finest of evergreens.
The foliage is as dainty as old lace and plays in the slightest
breeze. These trees are found on the brink of cliffs, hanging
on and over the edge with powerful root tentacles.

There is in the park probably the largest wild cherry in
the State. The trunk rises as straight as a poplar for eighty-
five or ninety feet. No limbs appear below a height of sev-
enty feet.

For the nature lover there is abundant plant, insect and
bird life. Sugar Creek abounds in bass, catfish and suckers
that will furnish many a thrill to the angler. For tired folk
here are rest and quiet and beauty. Children find it a never-
ending source of delight, where they may run and play to
their heart's content without fear of auto or street car. Pale-
ness and tiredness soon give way to healthy brown and a re-
serve of physical energy, for pure air and sunshine cannot be
escaped and wholesome food and clear, pure cold water are
at hand.History

Spring of 1826 found young Captain Salmon Lusk, U. S,
A., and his bride traveling northward from Ft. Harrison, now
Terre Haute, in search of a place to make their home. They
were bound for the wilderness, which is now Parke County,
there to fashion for themselves a home on the land given ex-
soldiers in recognition of their services to their country.

Old Lusk Tavern—Now Destroyed

They came to the wild and beautiful banks of Sugar Creek.
"Pungosecone" the Indians called that stream, "the waters of
many sugar trees." To the young couple the spot seemed
a bit from Paradise. Their search was ended. Here in the
wilds, here in the smiling green-clad forests, they made their
home. They were the original owners and first white occu-
pants of the spot we know as "Turkey Run."

On the banks of the "Narrows," Captain Lusk built a mill.
The site was an ideal one for water-power, and the annual
spring floods enabled him to build and float huge flatboats to
convey his flour down the river to New Orleans. Captain

(ii)12

TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

Lusk prospered. He built a new home of brick on the high
bank to the north of the swift and beautiful Narrows. That
home later became the property of his son, John Lusk, that
eccentric hermit, whose devotion to nature and pride of his
inheritance preserved for us the beauties of Turkey Run.

John LuskJohn Lusk

Had it not been for John Lusk, and his unwillingness to
part with any part of the vast tract of virgin forest land that
was left to him, there would have been no Turkey Run today.
For thirty-five years he resisted the most importunate offers
of the timber men to buy his land or the timber from it. Fabu-
lous sums were offered him for his land or for the right to cut
timber therefrom, but he cared not one whit for money or
what it would buy. He preferred to keep intact the inheri-
tance carved out of the trackless wilderness which his father
had left to him.

Long before Turkey Run was made a summer resort,
which has only been in the last twenty-five years, many vis-
itors came to view its charms. John Lusk always welcomed
them and freely gave them permission to roam at will through
its vales and glens. The old Indianapolis, Decatur & Spring-
field Railroad first conceived the idea of making a summer re-
sort of the place. In 1881 and 1882 they erected an eating
house there and purchased a number of tents for the use of
guests who intended to stay longer than a day. They called
the place "Bloomingdale Glens/' and so advertised it. For a
time that was the most popular name with persons outside
of the county, although the historical name of "Turkey Run"
was always the more popular with the residents of the county.
Now, however, there has been a return to the old name.

The legend of the old name is that in the old days when
thousands of wild turkeys were yet to be found they collected
in great droves under the overhanging rocks. As the rocks
were a splendid protection to the birds, the earlier settlers
named the region "Turkey Run."

Financial reasons caused the railroad company to abandon
their lease, and John Lusk leased it to William Hooghkirk.
Mr. Hooghkirk operated the resort under the same plan as the
railroad company had done from 1884 until 1910. In that
year it was leased to R. P. Luke, who is now Superintendent
of State Parks. Under his management the park became more
popular than ever, and people came from great distances to
see the beautiful spot.

3—24187

(13)Acquisition as a State Park

After the death of John Lusk in 1915, knowing that Mr.
Luke's lease expired in 1917 and that the tract was liable to
fall prey to the timber interests who had so long tried to buy
it, Governor Ralston appointed a commission to buy the prop-
erty for a State park.

Originally this Commission consisted of Mrs. Juliet

Camping Grounds at Turkey Run Before Hotels Were Built

Strauss, Mr. William Watson Woollen, and Miss Vida Newsom.
It was appointed April 28. 1915. On January 14, 1916, Mr.
Albert Cannon and Mr. Richard Lieber were added.

The Commission made an investigation and found that the
Lusk estate had been divided into nine tracts. Tract No. 3,
containing about 288 acres and including most of the scenic
values, was regarded as park land and had been appraised at
$18,000.

As there were no funds by which the State could purchase
the ground, the Commission suggested that the amount be
raised by popular subscription. After several months of fruit-

(U)TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

15

less attempts to gather the necessary funds the Commission
became inactive.

Early in March, Doctor Frank B. Wynn, Acting Chair-
man of the Indiana Historical Commission, perfected an ar-
rangement with Mr. Lieber whereby he would choose his own
committee to continue the work and whereby the Indiana His-
torical Commission recognizing the importance of a lasting
memorial of the State's Centenary, agreed to advance the sum
of $1,500 for campaign purposes. Mr. Lannes McPhetridge
was chosen publicity agent for the State Park Memorial Com-
mission. This Commission consisted of Richard Lieber,
Chairman; Sol S. Kiser, Treasurer; L. M. Rappaport, Secre-
tary; Dr. Frank B. Wynn, and Mrs. Juliet V. Strauss.

The first meeting was held March 18, 1916. The Com-
mission met daily and carried on the campaign with great
energy and success. A joint committee of the Indianapolis
Board of Trade and the Indianapolis Chamber of Commerce
lent splendid assistance, and the work was spurred on by the
fact that Turkey Run was soon to be sold at public auction.

Great thanks is due to the press of the State and espe-
cially to the papers of Indianapolis who gave an extraordinary
amount of space to the realization of the project.The Sale

The date of the sale of the Lusk estate was set for May 18,
1916. As the park had been appraised at only $18,000, and
they had raised over $20,000 the Commission anticipated little
competition for the purchase of the tract. They reckoned
without their host. Several of the Lusk heirs had determined
to keep the property within the family and to bid high enough

Along Sugar Creek in Snow Time

to do so. They intended to continue to operate the park as a
resort, as it was at that time a profitable investment. Sev-
eral lumber companies who had long cast covetous eyes ax
the timber also determined to bid high. Hence, though none
of the parties knew it beforehand, there were to be high
stakes played and lost before any of them got possession of
the coveted property.

The day of the sale dawned clear and beautiful. Public
interest in the sale was intense, for the Turkey Run Com-
mission had created great interest in the purchase of the park
for the State. J. R. Burks, of Rockville, cried the sale. The

(16)TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

17

bidding commenced in the presence of over 2,000 people, all
tensely awaiting the outcome of the sale. Leo M. Rappaport
did the bidding for the State. The State ran the bid up to
$30,100, and amid the most breathless excitement. Joseph
Groos, representing the Hoosier Veneer Company, bid $30,200,
and was declared the purchaser. It was a sadly beaten crowd
that filed slowly awTay from the beautiful park they had been
interested in so long, for they thought there was now no
chance for the State ever to get possession of it.

The newspapers of the State gave the matter great pub-
licity. Popular excitement, instead of abating, grew more
intense, and Mr. Lieber determined to continue to raise sub-
scriptions in the hope that enough might be raised so that the
park could be bought from the Veneer company. The Hoosier
Veneer Company bought the tract as an investment, so they
offered it to the State under the following conditions: They
would sell it untouched to the State at a profit to themselves;
or they would cut a certain amount of the most desirable
timber from the tract and turn it over to the State at the
price they had paid for it. Meanwhile subscriptions had been
coming in, and the Park Commission had not yet given up
hope of purchasing the park with the timber untouched.

The matter was definitely settled by the Legislature of
1917 appropriating $20,000 for the purchase and maintenance
of a system of state parks, that amount to be used in conjunc-
tion with the one raised by popular subscription. The deal
was definitely completed. Upon the payment of $40,200 the
State of Indiana became sole owner of the famous Turkey
Run tract forever. The dreams of Centennial Memorial Com-
mission had come true at last. The day, November 11th, will
be remembered, as two years later the date became of world-
wide significance as Armistice Day.Development

From that time to the present, many improvements hav^
been made in the park. It is the policy of the Department of
Conservation not to attempt to impress the public by a large
building program and showy improvements. The value and
beauty of Turkey Run lie in its display of a primitive nature
and the purpose of the Department is to conserve this natural
beauty in its original state. Turkey Run was bought as a
Centennial gift and it must therefore be our thought to pre-
serve the^ spirit of 1816 rather than that of 1916. Perhaps
the casual visitor does not notice nor does he realize the labor
that has been expended and that is continually necessary
for the upkeep and protection of the park, but he is reminded
of the wreli conducted household where the daily care is not
noticeable until it fails. As for example, a great deal of
labor is necessary to clean up the trash left and the damage
done by the immense crowds which visit the park each week.
How much could be saved in that direction if each visitor
would consider himself or herself a Committee on Order.

At the original entrance is a gate of massive construction
—built in pioneer fashion of sassafras logs with the bark left
on—fitted with axe and adze and held together by wooden
pegs. It is an appropriate harbinger of the nativity and
pioneer aspect of the interior.

One enters upon a plateau of several acres, where is situ-
ated the hotel and camping grounds. The area is well cov-
ered with magnificent beech, oak and tulip trees casting their
great shadows on the lawn in beautiful play of light and
shade. These trees have reached the zenith of their life and
are gradually giving way to the inroads of decay and storm,
as though they objected to the play of civilization about their
feet. There have been planted young trees of similar varieties
to replace the old specimens as they die off. It cannot be
hoped that they will reach any great size before the old ones
are completely gone.

The hotel is situated in the midst of this grove. It is
a large brick structure completed in July, 1919, equipped with

(19)for there is always a cool breeze that starts about sunset
out of the deep shady canyons. Simple furnishings, clean-
smelling sheets, soft beds, mark the cleanly comfort of the
guest rooms. A modern bathroom with hot and cold running
water is at hand. All the convenience and comforts of a city
hotel are to be found here in the midst of virgin landscape.

The brick from which the hotel is built, and most of the
furniture used, was made by dependents lodged in various
state institutions. It is an object lesson on the use of public
charges for the benefit of the public.

|l||pl||

Wi^

20	TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

electric lights and running water. The first floor is given
over to a large assembly room where visitors may gather for
rest and dancing. For cool evenings there is a mammoth fire-
place which invites a story-telling circle.

In the basement is a dining-room capable of seating 150
guests. Mrs. Luke's kitchen is noted for its wholesome, well
cooked food, which is served in abundance. Wednesday and
Sunday are marked by great platters of fried chicken.

On the second floor are guest rooms which look out upon
the grove on all sides. Hot nights are unknown at the park,

The Original Dining-room, Kitchen and Refreshment StandTURKEY RUN STATE PARK

21

The first year of operation proved that the building pro-
vided was entirely inadequate for the demands for accommo-
dations. Only small funds were available and in order to al-
leviate the crowded condition in 1920, five frame cottages were
built providing thirteen sleeping rooms and a small log cabin
was purchased and moved to the park. They were placed in
the form of an ell on the southern corner of the plateau.
These were christened by the Nature study club of Indiana,
using names of early historical significance in Indiana. They
were Vawter, Lincoln, La Tourette, Polly Beard, McCormick
;and Parke.

These offered only temporary relief and in 1922 it became
necessary to add more space. A 32-room hotel annex of brick
veneer was erected immediately south of the original building,
forming a quadrangle with the old building, cottages, and
servants quarters. Fortunately the original structure still
provides adequate lobby, kitchen and dining room capacity.

To the northwest of the hotel the plateau runs out into
a point, which is caused by Turkey Run Hollow on the left
and Sugar Creek on the right. Here, high above the water,
one may look down over Sugar Creek to where it disappears
in the west. The sunset viewed from this point is awe-in-
spiring in its beauty and grandeur, hence the name* Sunset
Point.Log Cabin on Sunset PointLog Cabin

Situated on this point is a splendid specimen of pioneer
log cabin, which nestles at the foot of a sturdy oak. During
a storm in the fall of 1917, Richard Lieber made a wrong
turning on his way from Turkey Run. While finding his
way back to the correct road he happened upon the log cabin
which now stands on Sunset Point. There were two cabins
in the vicinity and when the owner of the better one was ap-
proached with the idea of buying he would not part with it
because he needed it for a shed. At the time State Farm
prisoners were at work in the park. These were put to work
and a shed built for the cabin owner at the cost of about
$85.00. For this shed the State received the cabin. This is
the third location of the cabin, for it originally stood in
Howard Township, Range 7 West, Section 25. One year later
Mr. Lieber made an attempt to get the other cabin of lesser
value, as a relic, but found that it had been used the previous
spring for firewood to cook sugar.

The log cat in was moved and replaced in its original form
in the Park. It is one of the oldest of its kind in the State,
having been built in the early forties. The old cabin was
built by Daniel Gay, an old bachelor, who hewed the logs and
erected the home on the ground where the massive poplar
trees were in abundance. In these days there were no mod-
ern tools or devices to shape or move the logs and Daniel Gay,
with the occasional assistance of a neighbor, built the struc-
ture with tools consisting only of an ax, an adze, a drawknife
and frow.

In the reconstruction of the cabin, great care has been
taken to retain its original appearance. Mr. Lieber and
Superintendent Luke sought the advice of the older folk
in the community and worked from their recollection, until
they have restored to the citizens of Indiana a true repro-
duction of the pioneer days. Very few new parts were nec-
essary in replacing the building, as the great specimens of
timbers used in the original construction were in a good state
of preservation, and with the protection now given them will
last another century. Where it was necessary to replace

(23)24

TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

parts of the building, the men in charge of it went about
their work in a manner and with tools which were used in
the days when Daniel Gay built his home. With but few con-
cessions in the direction of its preservation the cabin is an
exact reproduction of pioneer architecture. Where any dif-
ferences exist it is to bring about a longer life to the cabin.

The cabin contains timber which cannot be had in these
days. The trees from which the huge logs were taken were
of the finest specimens. There are logs in the structure 30
feet in length, 34 inches wide and 6 inches thick, all of yellow

poplar. All the doors, window casings, and the huge mantel
are made of black walnut; the floors are of poplar, supported
by hewed oak logs and the loft is supported by hewed poles.
The boards in the doors are fastened to the cross-pieces with
wooden pins and the doors are hung on wooden hinges and
fastened with a wooden latch. The furniture consists of beds
and a great table of black walnut—built in the substantial
form of pioneer types.

One of the most interesting features of the cabin is the
old-fashioned fireplace. Its "Cat-and-Clay" chimney is the sub-
ject of comment by the old pioneers of this section, who claim

The Old FerryTURKEY RUN STATE PARK

25

that Mr. Luke, with his assistants, has erected a monument
which vividly recalls to their memory the olden days. Particu-
lar care had to be taken in the construction of the old fireplace,
and in order to get the proper material, the builders went in
search among the crags of Turkey Run and hewed away great
blocks of stone that would serve for the chimney base. In
this they held to the spirit of former days and did their work
with crude tools, and after obtaining suitable material for
their work they loaded the great stones on sleds and dragged
them across the creek. It was a difficult task to bring the
stone up the steep hill to the place where it was to be used,
but they labored persistently until their efforts were crowned
with success. The stones placed at the base of the chimney
were taken from the abutment of the old bridge, and as a mat-
ter of interest it may be recorded that they were originally
quarried where they now find their resting place. The chim-
ney is daubed with a mixture of cement and lime in imitation
of the original straw and clay and is "fenced" in the split
sticks of white walnut laid one on top of the other.

There is no particular history connected with the cabin,
other than its antiquity. Daniel Gay was a quiet, law-abid-
ing citizen, who, thru disappointment in love in his early man-
hood, lived his bachelor, lonely life until of old age in hi^
quiet home in the center of the forest, and altho the cabin
stood in the locality where the "Knights of the Golden Circle"
operated during the Civil War, nothing of a sensational na-
ture connects the cabin with the doings of this organization.

There is housed in the cabin a valuable collection of pioneer
farming and household utensils presented to the State by Mr.
E, M. Laird of Hillsboro, Indiana. The collection contains
specimens extremely rare today. Among the articles are a
flax raker, wooden plow, ox-yoke, spinning-wheels, various
firearms, Dutch oven, pewter utensils and sieves of various
mesh.

The plate of a beautiful ten-foot black walnut table, as
well as the sides and legs, were presented by Mr. James D.
Maris, and the table built as a further donation by Mr. George
L. Maas. The trees from which the veneer was made stood
east of the hanging bridge.TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

■RMRHK ■,

L- llr"f t ■.<*
iiii;liIligll»liB
• • '	m

Lovers'. Lane and Swinging BridgeScenic Spots

Surrounding the plateau on three sides are the deep ravines
of Sugar Creek and Turkey Run Hollow, which are the real
scenic attraction of the park. The visitor descends the steep
hill into the ravine by a series of steps cut into the face of
the slope.

Step softly! You are in "Lovers' Lane." Here on the

The First Swinging Bridge

banks of this clear and limpid stream stretches a lane of
such trees as one never saw before, winding in and out, fol-
lowing the meandering of the stream. Dark and cool, the
gloom of this forest path is the paradise of lovers. No wonder
it is called "Lovers' Lane!"

For more than thirty years the same square, flat-bottom
scow was used to ferry passengers across Sugar Creek to
Rocky Hollow. During its term of service the old scow car-
ried thousands of passengers. Later, a swinging bridge of
questionable strength, built by home talent, was thrown across
the creek at this point. This finally was considered as un-

(27)28

TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

safe. In the fall of 1918 a new and permanent structure was
erected by the Lafayette Engineering Company. This bridge,
which is beautiful in design, is 4 feet wide and is swung on
steel cables 1% inches in diameter. On the north side of the
creek it is anchored in natural rock. On the south side a
concrete tower supports the cables and they are carried on to
a 50-ton base of concrete, buried well back from the creek.
Much credit is due Mr. Wallace Marshall of Lafayette, who
built the bridge at cost.

Lovers' Lane in WinterRocky Hollow

Rocky Hollow is the beauty spot in this whole tract of
natural beauty. Here one of the tributaries of Sugar Creek
has hewn its tortuous course through many feet of solid lime-
stone. One stands before a solid wall of limestone almost a
hundred feet high, through which in the ages past the little
creek cut its path on the long journey to the sea. The sky
seems stretched like a curtain from the top of one perpen-
dicular cliff to another. The crevices in the rocks bear thou-
sands of luxuriant ferns.

"Wedge Rock" is one of the sights of Rocky Hollow. It is
a huge prism-shaped rock which, in the centuries it has taken
to carve out the hollow, fell from the top of the cliff and re-
mained upright in the position in which it fell. One cannot
but fear that the same thing may happen again, and that a
piece of the beetling cliffs above him may try to repeat the
experiment while he himself is beneath them. That the fall-
ing of this huge stone took place long ago is shown by the
tree which has taken root and grown in a crevice in the rock.
How it finds sustenance with its roots in the solid rock is a
mystery.

The hollow becomes narrower and more tortuous as one
ascends. The cliffs hang more closely together overhead, and
the atmosphere takes on a coldness that the fiercest heat of
summer is never able to dispel. Water bubbling through the
openings in the rocks leaves bright yellow stains on their faces.
One shivers and begins to want to get back into the regions of
sunshine and free dry atmosphere. But the end of the hollow
is reached at last. Here one runs against an almost perpen-
dicular wall over which a small cold stream of water falls, to
sink itself into the almost circular pool hollowed in the rock
known as the "Devil's Bathtub."

The return is made slowly. One hesitates to leave this
wonderland. Nor can one shake off the feeling of awe he
always gets in the presence of immeasurable age. It has
taken centuries to wear out this narrow hollow. When the
Armies of the Republic were fighting the battles of the Revolu-

4—24187

(29)30

TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

tion and the Rebellion, this spot was almost exactly as it is
now. When our ancestors were children they would have
seen this place as we see it now. When our grandchildren
come here it will still be unchanged. Nature works her mir-
acles slowly and with infinite patience. It makes one feel
insignificant to stand in the presence of the works of nature
which defy time to do its worst and win.

Back we come into the gorge of Sugar Creek, and breathe
freely again in the sunshine, for in the hollow we have just
left the sun has never shone.Legend of Goose Rock

As we come back into the ravine from which we started
into Rocky Hollow we notice a large, round boulder lying in
the stream, worn smooth by the erosion of many centuries.
It is "Goose Rock." There is a legend connected with this
rock, which, since no one has arisen to deny it, we can accept
as the truth. It concerns Johnny Green, the last Indian in
this county to live the wild life of his fathers. He often
boasted of the fact that he had killed many women and chil-
dren, and indeed he was greatly feared by the pioneer women
who were so often left alone for a day as their husbands
worked in the fields. Once when he boasted of his exploits
to one of the pioneer settlers of this county he was soundly
and deservedly thrashed. That night the pioneer was shot
at twice from ambush. The next day he took his gun and
"went hunting." Johnny Green was never seen again. When
questioned our pioneer said he had last seen Green fishing on
the Goose Rock, and that he had jumped up as if crazed and
fell in the stream. Tradition has it that the white man had
made away with the red one, but it was never proved. At
any rate the community was better off for his disappearance,
as he was an intolerable menace.

TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

Sugar Creek from Sunset PointDevil's Ice Box

After returning to the creek again, we travel along its
banks west for about a quarter of a mile, here we pause at the
entrance of what is known as the "Devil's Ice Box." Strange
name this, but there is a reason for it, as is the case with all
the peculiar names of the different places connected with this
great park. The "Devil's Ice Box" is perhaps one of the most
difficult places in Turkey Run to reach; but difficult as it
is to travel over the rough path to this place, it is well worth
one's effort after the road has been traveled. This place,
like all others, has played its part in the history of this
park, for in the early days there was a gang of hog thieves
that plied their trade along the banks of Sugar Creek, steal-
ing the farmers' hogs, butchering them and taking them to
this place, which is shaped not unlike a huge ice box and
stored them away until a sufficient number had been got to
load a flatboat, when they were taken down the creek and
to New Orleans, where they were disposed of. Ice box is a
very appropriate name for this particular place, as it is im-
possible for the sun to ever cast its rays in this hole, and the
atmosphere in there is always cold. One may go into this
place the hottest of weather and after a short visit would
feel very comfortable with an overcoat around him. This
place, like "Bear Hollow," which we come to next, has seen
but few of the thousands of visitors to Turkey Run, but it
is planned to make the way easier for the public to see them
in the future and when they do they will perhaps open to
view one of Mother Nature's greatest feats.

<3034

TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

Hawk's NestBear Hollow

On leaving the "Devil's Ice Box" we continue our journey
a short distance westward, where we come to the mouth of
"Bear Hollow." This place is not unlike "Rocky Hollow,"
and it is more difficult to explore. This place, too, has its
name from an actual occurrence that took place there in the
early days. There lived in the neighborhood an old man by
the name of Pithoud, who was a famous hunter along the
banks of Sugar Creek, and who made his daily hunt over this
ground and was very successful, for in these days game in this
section was plentiful, but seldom it was that bear was to be
found. Mr. Pithoud would leave his home in the early morn-
ing and make his rounds and his son would follow him later
with a sleigh on which he brought home the game. On one
of these occasions the old man came to the mouth of this
ravine, when suddenly he found himself confronted with a
large bear, and immediately a battle was on which lasted some
time, and caused the old man many bruises, but he came out
victorious and bagged his game. Hence the name of "Bear
Hollow."

One may travel perhaps a quarter of a mile up this ravine
and on all sides of the high wall of stone marvel at the won-
derful works of time in carving out these beautiful pictures
that come to one's view. All along the walls of stone from
cracks that have come there in ages, beautiful ferns of deep
rich color show themselves in all their magnificence to the
eyes of the traveler. At the end of this ravine you are met
with a solid rock which is unpassable and from which a strong
flow of clear cool water makes its way over its rocky bed on
to the creek. This place, like the "Devil's Ice Box," has thus
far baffled the efforts of the camera man, for there has never
been a photograph of this place taken that is known of. It
is in this place that Nature has seemed to work overtime and
to be jealous of its accomplishments, and made it impossible
for the camera to convert to paper that which it has claimed
for its own.

Even though it is the intention of the Department of Con-
servation to make these places accessible to the sightseer,

(35)36

TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

one thing that has been abused by some people who have
come to this spot, is now absolutely prohibited, as is that of
carrying off of ferns from any of the grounds connected with
the park. No more will the ghouls mar this sacred place with
their tools that make only to destroy the beauty which God in
His goodness has seen fit to give to the people of Indiana. No
more will the man with the chisel and hammer be found in
these grounds, defacing the massive stones that have stood
there for centuries untouched by the red man who first found
this Garden of Eden, and who seemed to have more respect

.....

Winter View Showing Bridge Over Turkey Run Hollow and Hotel
Plateau Before Present Buildings Were Placed

for the great works of the^ Supreme Being than many men
of today. The one who said that "Fools' names and faces
are often seen in public places," must have had in mind just
such a place as this when he wrote the thought, for surely
it is an appropriate phrase in this instance, as only the ig-
norant and vulgar would find pleasure in thus defacing the
magnificence of this work of Nature.

On our return to the main grounds, we wander to the
northwest a short distance when we begin to make our descent
down a steep incline.TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

Rocky Hollow—Wedge RockTurkey Run Hollow

Just around the corner of a large stone we find ourselves
entering the canyon of "Turkey Run," the beauty spot from
which this now famous place gets its name. In the early
days this place was the roost of thousands of wild turkeys,
who found refuge in the crevices of the great walls of rock.
Perhaps the first reason for the name was at one time when
a party of hunters were in this region hunting, they came
upon a large flock of the birds, possibly the largest that has
ever been seen here, when they gave chase to them they made
their way for the canyon and finally disappeared mysteriously,
but so completely that the hunters were unable to find their
prey. Just how they managed to get out, or where they
went is a mystery to this day, and is evidence that even yet
there is some place in this famous bit of nature that has never
been explored, for the turkeys got away, and though the hunt-
ers worked all day to find their way of retreat they were un-
able* to do so, nor has any other human being been able to
explain the mystery.

Turkey Run Hollow is perhaps one-half mile long and
about one hundred feet wide. Between the great massive
rocks trickles a small stream that is fed by the many springs
of clear, cool water which come from cracks in the rock. In
this gorge stands what is said to be one of the finest specimens
of poplar trees that is to be found today, and it is one of the
great sights that meets the eyes of the visitor who comes to
this part of the park. This canyon is popular with the tour-
ist who visits Turkey Run because of the great beauty of the
rocks and the thousands of ferns and hemlock trees that are
to be found there. This canyon is easier to travel than Rocky
Hollow or Bear Hollow, but is scarcely inferior in grandeur
than the ones mentioned. Here another tributary of the
larger Sugar Creek has cut its canyon. The turnpike crosses
the gorge at the deepest part in a magnificent concrete arch
nearly one hundred feet above the little stream below. In
Turkey Run Canyon one crosses the widest footlog that ever
served as a bridge. The bridge was formed by cutting down

(38)Sycamore Grove40

TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

a tree conveniently located on the bank. As the tree hap-
pened to be crooked the effect of crossing it is fearful. The
cliffs covered with a thin green moss rise straight, a narrow,
crooked path ascends the face of them, and provides a climb
that is well worth the effort when the summit is gained and
the long, straight reach of Sugar Creek opens to view.

Lusk HomeNarrows

Upon leaving the park we travel east about a mile, where
we come to another great acquirement of the State in the
"Narrows" and the old Lusk homestead. There is a thrilling
bit of history connected with this place, a part of which we
give in detail:

Turkey Run, as stated, was settled by Salmon Lusk, a
Vermonter, who drifted west in the early days and who did
his full share in helping to found a new commonwealth in
the wilderness. He was a soldier under Gen. William Henry
Harrison, and in the Harrison army he marched up the War
bash river valley against the Indians, fighting under the Har-
rison banner at the battle of Tippecanoe.

The Lusk home consists of a two-story front, having two
rooms below and two above, with a lower and upper hall.
From the lowTer hall a black walnut stairway leads to the
rooms above. The rooms are large and have an old-fashioned
wood fireplace and mantel. The house is finished inside with
black walnut and the floors are of oak and yellow poplar. All
the wood came from the farm.

Salmon Lusk set up his mill at the "Narrows" as soon as
possible. As usual at such places in early Indiana times, this
mill was the starting point of much business activity. Stores
were built, and pork packing and other primitive manufac-
turing plants were started. Flatboats were constructed and
loaded with the products of the little business settlement for
New Orleans and other southern points, the boats moving
down Sugar Creek to the river. The business activity con-
tinued until 1847, when the great flood in Sugar Creek car-
ried the mill into the gorge and wrecked it and swept most of
the other buildings away. The dam in the creek was in the
wreckage and the busy activities of the hamlet of Lusk's
Mills were gone forever.

The brick for the Lusk homestead, now one of the pioneer
landmarks of western Indiana, were made by Salmon Lusk
and burned on the ground, and they are as hard and as well
preserved today as they were when they first left the kiln.

(41)42

TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

The present brick house was erected on the site of the old
cabin in 1841.

To the memory of its owner the Nature Study Club of
Indiana in the summer of 1919, affixed a tablet to the left
of the entrance bearing the legend: "To the memory of John
Lusk, who saved the Tree of Turkey Run."

In the days of the Civil War the Knights of the Golden
Circle, an organization which favored the southern cause, gave
considerable trouble in this part of Indiana, and it became
necessary at one time to call out the home guard to prevent a
raid on Rockville, the county seat. One company of the guard
was stationed at the Narrows for some time, and Salmon Lusk,
who was a loyal Union man, took good care of them during
their entire stay, furnishing food for men and horses and re-
fusing to accept a cent pay for it.

In sketching some of the historical things that connect
with Turkey Run, one must not overlook the old Lusk Tavern
which stood at the "Narrows of Sugar Creek", in the fork of
the roads, when this place supported a store, a grist mill and
was the trading point of the settlers for many miles around.
From this old Tavern, come tales that would make the ordi-
nary man of today shudder, as he hears how fortunes were
won and lost in a single day at this place, how schemes were
hatched and carried out. Pioneers traveling down Sugar
Creek, by raft to the Wabash, with their cargoes of meat and
grain, which they took to New Orleans to market would stop
here for refreshments, and it has been told more than once
that at this place valuable cargoes have changed hands in an
hour's play with cards.

Traces of the old Tavern are still there, just across the
road from the old mill site, and old residents in the community
today recall many extraordinary events which occurred there.
A piece of the old hewn sill now serves as steps to the log
cabin in the Park.

Salmon Lusk died when his son John was a comparatively
young man and the son acquired the estate. John Lusk never
married, but lived a hermit's life in the old brick house until
his death four years ago. He was very devoted to the mem-
ory of his parents and at his death, which occurred forty
years after that of his mother, her wearing apparel was still
hanging where she had last hung the garments. The sonTURKEY RUN STATE PARK

43



never permitted any one to touch them. He lived alone all
these years, with not even the company of a faithful dog. He
seemed to desire 110 other comradeship than his beloved books
and papers and the memories of those he loved who long since
had gone before.

Is it any wonder that stirring tales of "haunts" are told
about this pioneer home, which sits in lonely grandeur on its
pine-clad hill, where the only sounds are those of the winds
playing in the tall tree-tops and the enchanting sounds of the
waters of Sugar Creek as the stream rushes through the
Narrows, hurrying down to join the Wabash.

Road Through New Section of ParkThe New Addition

Late in 1921 there was acquired from the Hoosier Veneer
Co., one hundred and ninety acres of land adjoining the park
on the east and south. No suitable price could be arranged
with the company, so it was necessary to resort to the power
of eminent domain. The value of the land was set at $55.00
per acre, which price was paid. From this area all the large
timber had been cut but there still remained a good cover of
small trees. The topography is rugged and series of interest-
ing gullies are included.

This acquisition gave the park an outlet on State Highway
No. 9, and in order to make use of it a road was necessary.
Such a winding scenic road was planned by the Division of
Engineering of the Department and constructed by Mr. Luke.
At its junction with the old park road on the hill above the
swinging bridge, a trestle 165 feet long and 45 feet high was
erected to carry it across a deep gulch.

Up to this time this gulch had no name, and the Com-
mission thought it fitting to name it Newby Gulch in honor
of Arthur C. Newby, an Indianapolis citizen whose very sub-
stantial donations made the preservation of Turkey Run pos-
sible.

At the entrance to this road from the State Highway a
toll gate was erected with a small lodge for the gatekeeper.
This gate is a replica of those used on the toll roads of the
State years ago and is significant here because each visitor
must pay his toll of ten cents towards the maintenance and
improvement of the park.

(44)Conclusion

Turkey Run is a heritage from Indiana's pioneers to pres-
ent and future generations. It has no peer as a scenic spot
in the mid-west. Let all true Hoosiers make a pilgrimage to
the spot that is a relic of pioneer * Indiana. It is one of the
very few virgin tracts remaining in the State and is pre-
served and maintained by the State for the recreation and
education of the public. Here is beauty, the unusual, rest,
quiet and sport awaiting your pleasure. Make it your sum-
mer outing place. Bring your children to it that they may
see the country as their great-grandfathers knew it.

45)A Tribute to Juliet V. Strauss

(The Country Contributor)

By William Herschell

No memory-memorial of the battle to save Turkey Run is
complete in its sweetness without one noble niche dedicated
to Juliet V. Strauss, the gallant little woman of Rockville

whose sturdiness of soul was one of the strong factors in the
fight. She must be forever memorialized for the part she
played in saving Turkey Run for future generations. She

(46)TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

47

brought important influence to bear in the gaining of the final
happy result—a rescued Turkey Run!

How well I remember her on that trying day when it
seemed all had been lost; when the auctioneer had said his
final "Gone!" and Turkey Run passed into the hands of those
who, for the dollars of today, would wreck a State's happiness
tomorrow. We met on that beautiful path that skirts Sugar
Creek—Rock River she liked to call it. Her eyes were stained
with the tears of a heavy regret. Turkey Run, the playground
of her childhood and of her own children, was to be swept
away by the woodman's axe.

"I am sick of soul," she said. "Who would have dreamed
that a few men's dollars could step in and destroy all this, the
most beautiful spot in all Indiana, one that all the money in
the world could not restore once it is gone?"

And then the tears came again, but it seemed to me they
were fighting tears, the kind the bravest warrior sheds when
he is going into battle. The next thing I knew she was again
in line with Richard Lieber and his little company, renewing
the fight that has saved most of Turkey Run from destruction.

There was something wonderfully fascinating about a stroll
through Turkey Run with Mrs. Strauss. She seemed to know
every bough in its great group of great trees. The springs,
the rocks, the little bypaths were all her intimate friends.
She knew the lore, the legends of the place. She had a fund
of amusing stories about things that had happened there in
the years since she was a girl. She had stories, too, that her
grandmother had told of pioneer days in Indiana's nature-
paradise. Her sense of humor was one of her richest traits
and it was a delight to hear her tell the stories and laugh
heartily as she lived them all over again.

Turkey Run was the religion of Juliet V. Strauss. She
held that the woods were God's first temples, and she wor-
shipped there. I remember her well in her home, where she
knew how to make a welcome generous, but it was at Turkey
Run that I shall maintain my happiest memory of how her
fighting spirit was born to help save the woods she loved.TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

Upper End of Rocky HollowTrees and Wild Flowers

The trees of the park are only a remnant of the primeval
forest that covered practically the whole of Indiana. The
species are typical of the forests of the greater part of the
State, and a list of the principal ones are contained in this
article.

Yellow Poplar or Tulip Tree. Here are found the great-
est number of large trees of this type in this State. Along
the tops of the high bluffs are found the Hemlock, commonly
called Fir, which is one of the rarest trees in the State and
is here found in great abundance. Along the creek where the
ground is damp may be found the Black Willow, Cottonwood,
Pignut Hickory, Big Shellbark Hickory, Blue or Water Beech,
a small tree of no economic importance, White Elm, Sycamore,
Box Elder and Black Haw.

The Sycamore is a frequent tree along the creek and it is
believed there is no place in Indiana where so many trees of
this type may be seen so closely spaced as is found just south
of the footbridge. It is a magnificent array of large trees
and one of the sights to be seen at Turkey Run.

The Black Walnut may be found along the bottom lands,
never in groups but occurring only as isolated trees. It is
found here of magnificent size. The White Walnut or But-
ternut is also found here situated in the coves and along the
creek.

Some of the smaller trees to be found are the Wild Crab
Apple, which is very beautiful in bloom. The Juneberry or
Service tree, Red Haws, Wild Plum, Dogwood, Pawnaw and
Red Bud or Judas tree, which puts out lavender blossoms
early in the spring, and the Black Haw. On higher ground
may be found White Hickory, Black Hickory, Red Cedar,
Large-toothed Aspen, Beech, Red or Slippery Elm, Sugar
Maple, Black Maple, Buckeye, Linn or Basswood, White Ash
and Blue Ash.

One of the most common of the large trees in Indiana is
the White Oak, which is found frequently in the park. This
is one of the most important trees in the world because of its
many uses. Many of the White Oaks in Turkey Run were in

(49)50

TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

their "teens" when Columbus discovered America. Bur and
Red Oak may be found. In the lower lands are found Hack-
berry of great size and Honey Locust of wonderful beauty.

Wild flowers are found in great numbers and variety in
Turkey Run. The crests of the high hills, the precipitous
slopes, the deep ravines, the well protected coves and the
alluvial bottoms all have their special flora which contributes
so much to the wealth of wild life.

The first thing to be seen in the spring is the Harbinger
Spring and the Snow Trillium on the upper slopes of deep
ravines. In great profusion and quick procession come the
yellow flower of the Moose or Leather wood, Rue Anemone,
Liverwort, White and Purple Cress, Spring Beauty, Blood-
root, Yellowroot, Pepper-root, Buttercups, Purple and Yel-
low Violets, White and Maroon Trilliums, the Yellow Cory-
dalis, the Dutchman's Breeches, Squirrel Corn, Yellow flow-
ers of the Buckeye, Wild Ginger, Wild Anemone, False Rue
Anemone, Marsh Cowslip, Wild Blue Phlox, Greek Valerian,
Lousewort, Blue-eyed Mary, Moccasin Flower, smooth and
hairy Rock Cresses, White Baneberry, White and Yellow Dog-
Toothed Violets, Twin-leaf, Spice Bush, Yellow Poppy, May
Apple, Great Chickweed, Nodding Chickweed, and Wild
Stonecrop.

The succession of flowering beauties is continuous and
knows no calendar. After the first spring flowers which have
been enumerated come the Wild Columbine with its bright
pink flowers high up on the cliffs. Then come Bishop's Cap,
Alum Root, white and fragrant blossoms of the Wild Plum
and Wild Crab, the White Bladdernut, Bluebells, Water-leafs
and Synandra.

Most of the midsummer flowers are rather inconspicuous,
but in late summer and autumn come the cone flowers some
of which are called Nigger-heads and Black-eyed Susan, the
Indian Cup plant appears along the creek, Asters of many
varieties and in great abundance occur everywhere. Golden-
rod is found in profusion and with it the tall Ironweed, Joe-
Pye wTeed, Boneset and Milk-sick weed. The Spanish needles
are beautiful in flower, but a nuisance when the seeds ripen,
like the manj^ tick trefoils and beggar lice. There also occur
Wild Lettuce, Lobelias, Sunflowers, Foxglove and the slender
Gerardias. Along the creek may be found the parasite,TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

51

Beech-drops and Cancer-root, the Dodder climbing over the
coarser weeds and fastening its yellow tentacles into the host
of its choice. Bringing up the rear comes the spreading Dog-
bane, Pleurisy root, Mountain Mint, Pennyroyal, Wild Berga-
mot, Wood Sage, Skullcap and Bellflower.The Geological History

The geology of Turkey Run may be said to have begun
when the great masses of sandstone in which the gorge is
carved, were deposited on the borders of the great inland sea
which covered a large area during the period when coal was
being formed. After the deposition of this sandstone, which
is called the Mansfield, by geologists, the great sea became
shallow and shallow marshes and basins were formed over
the sandstone. In these basins vegetation accumulated, was
finally buried under other rocks and later transformed into
coal, under the great pressure which resulted. Following this
came Marine conditions—that is, the same condition that ex-
ists under the sea now, until several hundred feet of sedi-
ment had been deposited above the great layer of Mansfield
sandstone. Later the sea was withdrawn permanently and
land conditions prevailed. Then followed a long period of
erosion and washing away, during which time great layers
containing coal, hundreds of feet in thickness, which overlay
the sandstone, were removed. The reader will realize that
we are talking, not in hundreds or thousands of years, but in
ages, when we speak of these various phases.

Ages went by ushering in new events. The climate grad-
ually changed until it became very cold, similar to the pres-
ent Arctic condition, until, upon the eroded surface of Mans-
field sandstone, there rested thousands of feet of ice which,
moving slowly southward, cut deeply into the Mansfield sur-
face upon which it rested. Again the climate became mild,
the ice retreated and finally disappeared, but when the ice
came southward it necessarily brought with it a great amount
of loose gravel and sand and clay and boulders which it left
upon the surface of the earth when it melted and retreated.
This is the so-called glacial drift. It filled the valleys which
had existed before its coming and destroyed the former sys-
tem of drainage. New streams were formed and a complete
new system of drainage established itself on this surface.

Sugar Creek was one of these new streams and became a
part of the new drainage system, cutting its way easily
through the glacial drift which had been deposited and on

(52)TURKEY RUN STATE PARK

53

through into the sandstone below. The water from the sur-
face of the region which flowed into Sugar Creek was con-
centrated by a depression at a certain point which was the
beginning of Turkey Run. Through thousands and thou-
sands of years this water ate into the sandstone and length-
ened and deepened the gorge. The upper layer of the sand-
stone was more resistant due to the fact that it was cemented
together by iron compounds so that the gorge was not wid-
ened as rapidly as it was deepened. The erosion of the softer
layer underneath has been hastened by the flow of ground
water and cracking and splitting due to freezing which re-
sults in the gorge often being wider at the bottom than at the
top.Park Rules

To assist in keeping order in the Park and maintaining
its beauty, the Department of Conservation has found it nec-
essary to publish and enforce certain rules of conduct.

It is forbidden to pick ferns and wild flowers in the Park.
They are one of the Park's chief beauties, and although the
amount picked by one person seems small, the great number
which would be taken away by the thousands who visit the
Park makes the rule necessary.

Fires may only be built in places designated by the Park
Superintendent. This rule is to prevent the great damage
caused to trees by building fires near the base of the trunk or
where the heat ascends and affects the branches.

It is requested that all waste paper and trash will be
thrown into the large wire baskets which are provided for
this purpose.

It is forbidden to deface the rocks and canyon walls by
inscribing initials and figures upon them.

Automobiles will only be parked in the space provided.
There is ample parking space, and if cars were allowed to
park at any point the roots of trees would be damaged and
the lawns would soon be gone, with a great loss to the beauty
of the picnic grounds.

Each person entering the Park is charged an Admission
Fee of Ten Cents. The fee is not large enough to prohibit
anybody from coming, but at the same time the Department
is largely dependent upon the funds from gate admissions for
the maintenance of the Park. The money is used for a defi-
nite purpose in adding more comfort.

Visitors to the Park will assist greatly in observing these
Necessary Rules, and their kindly co-operation will be greatly
appreciated by the Department of Conservation.

(54)OUR AIM

To make every Hoosier a Conservationist, who believes in
the State and the laws which are in force to Conserve its
Natural Resources for the Benefit, Education and Recreation
of all Hoosiers Now and To Come.This book is a preservation facsimile produced for
the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
It is made in compliance with copyright law
and produced on acid-free archival

60# book weight paper
which meets the requirements of
ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (permanence of paper).

Preservation facsimile printing and binding
by

Northern Micrographics
Brookhaven Bindery
La Crosse, Wisconsin
2014