Pardek Hall, Department of the Practical Sciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pa.	Pp.	69,70.WHERE TO GO.
I.
NORTH PENNSYLVANIA R. R.
Extend* from Philadelphia to Bethlehem, fifty-five miles, and ha* •everal branch roads—one to Hatboro; another to Doylestovrn.
It has twenty-three trains a day, each way in the Summer, and twenty or more during the Winter, seven of which are through trains.
The attractions along its own line, for Excursionists and Summer Boarders, are almost unequaled ; and it is most favorably connected with all the leading routes to the principal towns and places of resort, North, North-west, and North-east.
It is the shortest and most direct route from Philadelphia to Bethlehem, Easton, Allentown, Mauch Chunk and Glen Onoko, Mahanoy Hazelton, Wilkesbarre, Scranton, Elmira, Ithaca, Binghampton, Watkins, Geneva, Rochester, Buffalo, Niagara, Ac.
Principal Ticket Offices 105 S. Fifth St.; 700 and 732 Chestnut St., and at the Depot, Berks and American Sts.
ELLIS CLARK, General Agent,
Front and Willow Sts., Philadelphia.
THE LEHIGH VALLEY R. R„
Extends from Easton to Wilkesbarre, 101 miles; by the P. A N. Y. C. A R. R. Co. to Waverly, 105 miles; by a third rail on the Erie Railroad to Elmira, 18 miles; and by the Southern Central Railroad of N. Y., 122 miles from Athens, via Auburn, to Fair Haven. Entire distance to Elmira from Philadelphia, 267 miles; from New York 299 miles.
Originally constructed mainly for the transportation of heavy freight, the Lehigh valley R. R. has become one of the chief pleasure routes of the country, and has every convenience for the traveling public. It has on or near its own line the famous “Switchback” and Mt. Pisgah, Glen Onoko, the world-renowned Wyoming Valley, Ccal Mines and breakers, and the most varied, beautiful and picturesque scenery, its entire length. It is also the shortest route to Watkins and Havana Glens, Seneca Lake, Ithaca, Binghampton, Rochester, Buffalo, and other towns> and noted resorts, North and North-west.
This road makes direct and favorable Connections with the North Penn. Railroad, New Jersey Central, the "Erie,” and other Pennsylvania and New York Railways, in respect to all their leading trains. Principal Ticket Offices, 105 S. Fifth St., and 732 Chestnut St., Phila-
illpt‘U	ROBERT	H.	SAYER,
Superintendent, Bethlehem, Pa.II.
WHERE TO GO.
Geneva, Ithaca & Athens R. R.,
MAKES DIRECT CONNECTIONS NORTH WITH THE
NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD,
FOR
ROCHESTER, BUFFALO, GENEVA, AUBURN, SYRACUSE, UTICA AND ALBANY.
SOUTH, WITH THE
LEHIGH VALLEY RAILROAD,
FOR
PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, NEW YORK AND WASHINGTON. With the
ERIE RAILWAY
at Waverly, for New York,
AND WITH THE ELMIRA DIVISION OF THE
UTICA, ITHACA AND ELMIRA R. R.
Note.—This Route otters the summer tourist, and the traveler of all seasous, not only the advantages of a short and direct line between Washington, Baltimore and Philadelphia, and the Great Lakes in the North ; but the opportunity at the same time to visit those portions of the states of New York and Pennsylvania, that are becoming so justly popular, on account of their natural beauty of scenery.
Clyde’s Steamship Lines.
FOR BOSTON AND PROVIDENCE EVERY WEDNESDAY AND SATURDAY.
FROM PIER No. 3 NORTH WHARVES.
For CHARLESTON, every SATURDAY, from Pier 4, above Market street, at 3 P. M.	•
For RICHMOND, NORFOLK, and CITY POINT, TUESDAY8, THURSDAYS and SATURDAYS, from tirst wharf above Market street, lor WASHINGTON, D. C., GEORGETOWN, and ALEXANDRIA, every WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY, from Pier 2, second wharf below Market street.
For NEW YORK DAILY, from secoud wharf below Market street DELAWARE AND CHESAPEAKE STEAM TOWBOAT COMPANY. Barges towed between Philadelphia and Baltimore, Havre-de-Grace Delaware City, and intermediate points.
For Freight or passage apply to—
WM. P. CLYDE 4 CO., General Managers.
No. 12 SOUTH WHARVES, Philadelphia.WHAT TO SEE.
III.
LInden Female Seminary.
DOYLESTOWN, PA.
LOCATION.
This institution for the education of girls, is an incorporated school, situated in the borough of Doylestown, thirty-two miles from Philadelphia, on an open elevated site, commanding the finest views in all directions, affording pure air, and having in all respects the most favorable surroundings. Doylestown is on a branch of the North Penn. R. R., with four trains each way daily.
ITS CHARACTER.
It is both a boarding and day school, with a thorough course of study and efficient discipline, yet the scholars are treated with parental kindness and forbearance, the whole school, especially in re-pect to the boarders, being much like a well regulated family.
HEALTH, MORALS, Ac.
Great care is taken of the health of the Students. They are required to take exercise in doors and out, to be prompt in all their duties, and regular in all their habits. They are instructed in the Word of God, required to attend church, and guarded and trained as a judicious Christian parent would discharge this duty towards a child. Yet the school is in no respect sectarian.
COURSE OF STUDY.
This embraces all the studies usually taught in our first-class Seminaries, including Latin and German, in addition to the common and higher English branches. Those who complete a full course of three years, receive a diploma.
INSTRUCTORS.
In addition to the Principals, the school is provided with a full corps of thoroughly competent teachers, both in the solid and ornamental branches.
TERMS, EXPENSES, &c.
The school year includes forty weeks, and is divided into three terms, commencing on the first Wednesday of September, and ending about the 25th of June following. The necessary expenses for the year, including use of books, &c., are $265. Tuition alone, (for day scholars), from $18.00 to $20.00. In the preparatory department, from $9.00 to $15.00, according to the studies. Music, F rench, &c., extra. For further information apply to the Principals,
HENRY H. HOUGH. A. M. Doylestown, Pa.	Rev.	LEVI	C. SHEIP, A. MIV.
WHERE TO GO,
THE Lehigh University
WHEN AND BY WHOM FOUNDED.
The Lehigh University was founded in 1865, through the munificent gift of $500,000, and about sixty acres of land, for a most eligible site, from Asa Packer, of Mauch Chunk, and upon a plan suggested by the founder.
ITS DESIGN.
The object is to supply young men of "The Valley," and the country at large, with a complete professional education, especially in Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Analytical Chemistry, &c. Students are taught practice as well as theory. Those who wish it, can study Latin, Greek, and all branches embraced in the curriculum of other colleges.
EXPENSES.
The tuition is absolutely Free, the only outlay of the students being for books, board, personal outfit, &c. The necessary expenses, connected with the University, are from $300 to $350 per year, while receiving advantages that elsewhere, in Polytechnic institutions, &c., cost about $1,000 per year.
BOARD—BOOMS.
Rooms and board are furnished in the college ; thfe whole cost, including gas, fuel. &c., being from $4.00 to $5.00 per week. Or students can board in the town, under direction of the faculty. They are required to furnish their rooms and keep them in order.
GENERAL ADVANTAGES.
The Lehigh University has a lull corps of able professors; one of the best laboratories in the country ; is in the midst of Railroads, mines and manufactories, where theory can constantly be reduced to practice, by the students; and the young men find situations as fast as they graduate. The site of the University is unusually excellent, facilities for reaching it the best, and students can graduate with the usual honors of Bachelor oe Arts; or take a degree in the Practical Sciences.
CALENDAR.
First Term : September 1, 1874. Second Term : Monday. January 11, 1875.
UNIVERSITY DAY, Thursday, June 24, 1875. SUMMER VACATION begins, Friday, June 25, 1875.
INFORMATION.
For full information, send for Catalogue, to the President, or H. S. GOODWIN, Sec. and Treas.,
Bethlehem, Pa.Lecliauweki Springs.THE
Health and Pleasure-Seeker’s Glide ;
OR,
WHERE TO GO AND WHAT TO SEE.
Containing a description of the country from Philadelphia to Clifton Spring*, via the “North Pennsylvania,” “ Lehigh Valley,” “Erie,” “Northern Central,” and “N. Y. Central" Railroads, and including full aud graphic sketches of Bethlehem, Mauch Chuuk, the “ Switchback,” and Mount Esser, Onoko Olen, Wyoming Valley, Watkina and Havaua tilens, Seneca Lake, Clifton Springe, Ac.
BY
O. S. SENTEB.
PHILADELPHIA:
PUBLICATION OFFICE, 32 NORTH FIFTH STREET.
1874.L Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1874, by O. 8. Senter, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington ]
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
.	Page.
Hovr We Came To Do It.............................................. 8
Trip Number One—From Philadelphia to Mauch Chunk................... 9
Our Return Trip....................................................*.................................................. 50
Improvements at Mauch Chunk....................................... 82
“Lanark”—A l^uiet Retreat.......................................   83
Trip Number Two—From Philadelphia to Watkins and Lake Seneca 86 Trip Number Three—From Geneva to Ithuca, Cayuga Lake, and
Home.......................................................... 98
Trip Number Four—From Watkins Glen to Crystal Springs, Ac  101
A Most Attractive Route........................................   105
Branches of the North Pennsylvania R. R........................   106
The Hatborough Branch R. R....................................... 109
A New Town—A Second Vineland..................................... 114
l'be Great An,erican 8hipping Company............................ 116
INDEX OF ADVERTISERS.
Beautiful Homes on "Fountain Hill ’’—Tinsley Jeter, Proprietor  117
Allentown Female College..................................-.......... 118
H. Leh A Co., Clothiers; also Boot and Shoe Manufacturers............ 119
Bethlehem Home School for Boys—Ambrose Kondthaler, Principal,	102
George W. Perkin, Bookseller and Stationer  ......................... 120
The Misses McCarrelt’s School for Young Ladies, Ac  ................. 121
Eastou Classical and Mathematical School—B. F. Stem, A. M  122
Easton Academy—for Both Sexes—Rueben H. Trach, Principal  123
The Students’ Bookstore—M. J. Riegel, Easton, 1’a..................   123
United States Institute, (Commercial College) Thos. H. Stevens, Pres.	124
A New Town—A Second Vineland—Edwin Lacey, Proprietor.........	125
Frederick A. Welden, Books, Stationery, Ac  ......................... 126
Culbertson A Bache, Printers, Philadelphia..........................  126
North Pennsylvania Railroad..................................    ,	I.
Lehigh Valley Railroad..,...,........................................  I.
WuT. P. Clyde A Co’s Steamship Lines................-................ II.
Geneva, Ithaca A Athens Railroad..................................... II.
Linden Female Seminary, Doylestown, Pa.....~........................ Ill*
Tho Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa................................. IV'[In the pre»ent edition, we have omitted a part of the description, giving only a brief summary of the region beyond Mauch Chunk. At the same time we have added much valuable matter to the portions that are given. We make this explanation to account for any seeming discrepancy between the title-page and introduction, and the contents of the book.]
now WE CAME TO DO IT.
The origin of this little work at the present time was purely incidental, although it is the partial realization of a plan which we formed some time ago. A gentleman to whom we read a description of Onoko Glen, was pleased with it, and said he would like to see this, with a description of Mauch Chunk and the Switch-back, in book form. Acting upon the hint, and adding sketches of Watkin’s and Havana Glens, the beautiful and far-famed Lake Seneca, and some other interesting points, lo! we find it has grown into quite a book.
A leading object has been to show people that the season for pleasure travel is much longer than is usually supposed, and that mid Summer is not necessarily the best time for travel and sight-seeing. The months of July and August may be a good time for dipping one’s self in the “ briny deep,” but Autumn is the favored and attractive season for visiting the glens and mountains. Even salt-water bathing, when practiced for health, and the treatment at our sanitariums, we have no doubt, would do much more good if taken in the mild, cool weather of the Fall or late Spring months, instead of in the heat of Summer.
If any one thinks we have said too much about hotels, and railroads, and beautiful scenery, let him * 84
HOW WE CAME TO DO IT.
recollect that these are entirely germain to the question proposed to be discussed,—the very subject matter of the book.
What we want in traveling is somewhere to go, Railroads or steamboats to carry us, hotels to entertain us, and something to see and enjoy when we get there.
Very much- of the comfort and benefit received from traveling or boarding in a place, depends upon good hotel accommodations, especially those home comforts, and little attentions which are so highly appreciated, but not to be described Hence we have spoken favorably of those who make an effort to do well by the traveling public, both to benefit them, and to encourage them to continue in well-doing for the good of those who have no home much of the time, but a good public house.
We have not altogether overlooked matters of instruction, nor forgotten that there should ever he a higher aim than merely to amuse.
Reared among some of the noblest mountain scenery iu the country, and passionately fond of the grand and beautiful iu nature, we have visited these scenes and written them up con amore. We hope we have succeeded in drawing such pictures as shall inspire others with something of the same enthusiasm and ecstatic joy which we have felt on viewing them, and that in reading about, and better still seeing these things, they will catch their pure and noble spirit, and he lifted to a higher plane of thought and enjoyment.View in Front of the “Mansion House,” Mauch Chuuk, Pa.
P. 45.THE
HEALTH ANO PLEASURE SEEKER’S GUI,
OB,
WHERE TO GO, AND WHAT TO SEE.
 ______________
MONEY WELL INVESTED.
Money judiciously expended in traveling for health or pleasure is not thrown away. Many are coming to understand this, and not only go on journeys themselves, but take their families with them, thereby adding to their own enjoyment, and extending it to those who have the same right to participate in these things as themselves. Pleasure travel, especially from our cities, has greatly increased within the last few years.
Many can remember when not one went abroad where tens and hundreds go now. There are obvious reasons for this; one is, people have more wealth or means to travel with than formerly. Another, there are many more points of attraction, and these are better known than heretofore. The wonders and beauties of our own grand and glorious country, and its magnificent scenery, are becoming better known and appreciated every year.
1*	56
WHl-'.KE TO GO,
TTTE TYRANNY OF FASHION BROKEN.
It is also less the custom to flock to a few fashionable and expensive watering places, for the reason that there are so many places of resort now, and people are so much more independent than formerly in consulting comfort, economy, and their own' personal preferences. The tyranny of custom that once ruled, and surrounded a few such places as Saratoga, Newport, and Niagara, has in a great measure given way to more sensible ideas and practices.
The most that many care for now, is a plenty of room, pure air, nice plain food, and good sleeping accommodations, with a chance to hunt, fish, sail, or ramble amid the ever fresh and untiring beauties of nature, clothed in the rich and luxuriant garments of Summer or the bright and gorgeous hues of Autumn.
Hence numbers hie them away to the glens and mountains, to the healthful and merry farm, or the quiet nook by the sea, where health, beauty and happiness reign, instead of crowds, dissipation, fashion, and general discomfort. And the expense Is but trifling compared with what it was at those few places to which such as could leave home at all, formerly went, and which still draw that class who prefer the excitement and whirl of fashion, to more rational and healthful enjoyments.
INCREASED FACILITIES OF TRAVEL.
But the chief and decisive reason for the vast increase in excursions and summer tours, is the improvement in the facilities of travel. The change is wonderful, the progress, in this direction, almost immeasurable.How much less expensive in time and money, and how much more comfortable our present modes ot transit than formerly! How few could then bear the expense of such journeys across the continent and over the world, as are now made and undertaken every day! And who if he had the wealth of an Astor would be willing to endure the journey by stage coach to Niagara, to New Orleans and Texas, to Minnesota, or California? Few lives would be long enough to make many such trips, and not every one would be vigorous and hardy enough to endure them.
Now, it is only a question of means, an object , a few days of time, and one may traverse our own country in any direction, and it does not take long to go to the uttermost parts of the earth.
ADVANTAGE OF EXCURSION ROUTES.
The convenience and pleasure of traveling have been greatly facilitated by the numerous routes at reduced rates of fare, gotten up by our railroad companies. These reach or include almost every point that a person would care to visit. If one have time and means, he can take several of these tickets anil visit many places, and by making short and easy rides of twenty-live to one hundred miles at a trip, and stopping but a short time at any one point, can see much more, and enjoy himself better than to stay in one place, unless he has a summer residence of his own, or is pleasantly ensconced with family and friends around him in some quiet retreat by the mountains or the sea. Such a mode of passing the season of Summer travel as here intimated, is not much more expensive than stopping at high-priced hotels. Yet one tires of being constantly on the road, and longs for rest. Even the bird cannot, and does not care to be ever on the wing.
Midway between the ocean and the mountains, and centrally located in reference to the whole country and its railroad connections, Philadelphia has peculiar advantages for reaching the peaks and glens of the mountains, the mineral springs, the romantic and beautiful lakes of the interior, or the watering places by the sea.
THE VICINITY OF PHILADELPHIA.
Within one hundred miles of this city, and even within fifty, the number of attractive points is almost infinite. Their very number and attractiveness make it the more difficult to determine which to select and visit. Formerly, Philadelphians thought their own city, with its pressed brick walls, shining marble fronts and ample room, so much like paradise, that they did not care to often leave it, except to travel on business, or for information. Now it is greatly changed. They see that there are other beautiful spots; that change is necessary for health and happiness; and that variety in reference to sight and sceue, as in everything else, is the spice of life.
VILLAGERS AND FARMERS TRAVEL.
But Philadelphians and the people of other large cities, are not the only persons who travel. The inhabitants of all our large towns, and those who live in villages, hamlets, and on farms, have their time of recreation by travel. If the farmer can not go iu thebusy season of seed time and harvest, he will take the fall or winter, as the favored time.
The Americans are emphatically a traveling people. And why should they not be, with the facilities now offered, and the means which many of them possess, and withal so much that is noyel, grand and beautiful to see?
* NOT EASY TO DECIDE.
But, as we have intimated, it is not an easy matter to choose, especially when we take into account time and means as well as the object- to be seen. To aid in determining “where to go and what to see,” is the object of this work.
TRIP NUMBER ONE.
FROM PHILADELPHIA TO MAUCH CHUNK.
OVEK THE “ NORTH PENN.” AND “ LEHlfill VALLEY.”
Our first trip shall he over this most attractive route. The whole length of this road from Philadelphia to Bethlehem is fifty-six miles. Every part of the route is through a beautiful and fertile country. Only about five miles of the distance approaches anything like roughness or sterility. It has few abrupt curves, the grades are easy, and the time made on the leading trains excellent. Repeatedly have we kuown them make the 56 miles in less than two hours, including stops. The 7.10 train for Saratoga makes Bethlehem in one hour and three-fourths. This is fullythirty miles per hour, and although nothing is said in the advertisements of this company about “air lines” or “lightning trains,” quiet, constant running like this speaks for itself, and is much better than the average speed. This road is steadily gaining in popularity, and becoming a favorite with the public, especially with excursionists and summer travelers. This is due to the attractions of the route, to the favorable connections with the great pleasure routes of the North and North West, and, in no small degree, to the courtesy And judicious management of its General Agent, Mr. Ellis Clark.
THE PLACE TO TAKE “ LITTLE FOI.K8.”
All along the route are beautiful villages and hamlets, and right by, and convenient of access, the most delightful groves, running streams, springs, &c. To name them would be to particularize nearly every station and mile of the road. It may justly be called
THE LAND OF GROVES.
These retreats, so cool, attractive and safe, are great favorites with those who get up family picnics, Sabbath-school excursions, or any arrangements where children are concerned. Beautiful, convenient and accessible, there is no danger of drowning, falling from precipices, or being drenched with showers, as the station and generally a village are right at hand affording convenient shelter. Thus all fear, undue excitement and hurrying may be dispensed with, and quiet, sociality and the most wholesome and exhilarating enjoyment from viewing beautiful sights and scenes, take their place
A DAY OF ENJOYMENT.
We are now ready for the trip to Mauch Chunk and Onoko Glen. Equipped with a generous lunch, umbrella, and clothing for the evening ride, in case we return the same day, we leave home at 8 A. M., and reach the depot, at Berks and American streets, a little before half-past 8, the hour for starting. If we had come from the lower part of the city we should have started a little earlier. We took the Fifth street cars, which go directly past the depot. The Third street line also goes within less than a square, and the Union Line within less than two. So it is convenient reaching the North Penn, by direct routes and their connections.
ON THE WING.
Off we move at the precise minute, and soon leave the region of brick walls and the sights, sounds and odors of the city. How beautiful God has made the country! Why will men sweep every lovely object and sight from the face of the earth, crowd together in masses, pollute and destroy each other, and slowly rot down in their places like prisoners chained to their cells ? How wild and picturesque this region yet we are still in the limits of the city. What a pity that it cannot always remain so! Yet in a few years these most delightful haunts of nature will become the busy marts of trade and commerce.
Here we pass
THE CITY LINE.
[Six and a half miles from the Depot.}
fhere is nothing specially notable to mark the Northern boundary of the, city of Penn. We are now twomiles from the city and the station we are passing is called Abington. That beautiful place at our right, on the hill, is the attractive residence of Mr. Thomas Smith. We would not exchange such a home for a house in the city as large as the Continental.
This railroad is the branch to Hatboro, about nine miles in extent. Most of these small stations we pass, without stopping, paying them no more than a “ passing compliment.” They are amid regions beautiful and attractive enough, but we have other and more stirring sights to see.
FORT WASHINGTON,—HISTORIC GROUNDS.
[Fourteen Miles from Philadelphia.)
We have now reached Fort Washington, a station named after the father of his country, on account of a fort just beyond the brow of the hill yonder, at the southwest of the station. This is the real Fort Washington, built by our great Revolutionary leader when encamped at Whitenmrsh, and planted with cannon to cover the road leading to Chestnut Hill, and the passes of the Wissahickon. Still beyond this fort, on the farm
of Mr. W , the main army of Washington was
encamped, the marks of which are still visible.
Back a little more than a mile from the station, and on the right or east side of the railroad, is the house which Washington used as his headquarters. It is of stone, two stories, gambrel roofed, and evidently in much the same condition externally as when the “Father of his country” sat down here to take his meals and plan his campaigns. It was from here the army marched to its gloomy winter quarters at ValleyForge, more solitary and hence more safe from the attacks of the enemy, except that grim foe which confronted them—starvation.
We should like to stop here and spend a day or two in this delightful region, and amid these haunts and relics of the past, but as we are now in pursuit of health afid pleasure rather than historic data and antiquities, we must leave it lor the present. This beautiful little village and station- we are now passing is Ambler, the residence of Mr. Clark, the gentleman with whom our party arranged for the excursion.
We now stop for a moment at Penllyn. There, about a stone’s throw to the right, and a little back, is one of the prettiest groves in Pennsylvania, just the place for a pic-nic, writing a rural song, or taking cool, refreshing rest. This place is North Wales, quite a town but presenting nothing of special note.
THE DOYLESTOWN JUNCTION.
[Twenty-two Miles from Philadelphia.]
We now reach the Lansdale and the Doylestown Junction, a branch road, about ten miles in length. The tunnel which we just passed is very short, compared with one which we shall come to bye and bye. Souders is a thriving little village. So is Sellersville. We pass this fine open country on the right, and this little village of Perkasie, and pop we go into the long tunnel, as dark as it is cool, and suggestive of pickpockets. Quakertown is something of a place. Its striking peculiarity is two towns about a quarter ot a mile apart. One we presume is the old town, and the other more recently built up by the railroad. Coop-2eretown, which we now come to, is a small place in the midst of an extensive and beautiful valley, stretching far to the west and north. This is Hellertowu, at which we note extensive iron works, including a rolling-mill for railroad iron.
We noticed several rolling-mills or furnaces back at Bingen, and off in a southwesterly direction-near the mountains, and still farther back at Oreland.
At these furnaces where they make pig iron, they mix the soft low grade ores of the region, with the highly crystallized ores of lake Superior or New York, and sometimes an intermediate grade, the result being a fine tough iron of the very best quality. This is about the mode of combining and making iron all through this region and the Lehigh Valley, which we shall refer to again. But here we come into that old historic town, Bethlehem yet we must pass it by, hoping to do its many celebrities when we return. We stay in the same car, but take another road, the famous
LEHIGH VALLEY RAILROAD.
[Bethlehem, Fifty-six Miles from Philadelphia.]
This important line commences at Easton, or Phillipsburg, just across the Delaware River, twelve miles from Bethlehem, and now extends to Waverly, on the Erie Road, a distance of two hundred and six miles, and has a third rail laid on the Erie road, on which it runs its care to Elmira, an important town and Railroad center, the whole distance being two hundred and twenty-four miles.
This road has important outlets and connections for its coal and passengers to New York and Philadel-phia, and is soon to have a double or quadruple track on the shortest line to tide water, at or near New York city. Nothing is impossible to energy and money. We should like to give a history of the road but must He denied the pleasure of sketching even an outline in this connection. We will only say that like its principal owner, and the projector of its chief additions, from small beginnings, under discouraging circumstances, it has grown to gigantic proportions and almost measureless power. Asa Packer, however, is not writing his name alone on tablets of iron along these Railroad tracks, as we shall see in another connection.
On leaving Bethlehem, and traversing the rich and romantic Lehigh Valley, where fine scenery and grand industries contest the palm for our admiration, we soon come to the first of those immense furnaces for making iron, those vast rolling-mills which give us the rails to belt the continent with, and which make one wonder at what human invention and industry can accomplish, and causes us to feel proud ot the mighty and growing industries of our-country. We stop a moment at the junction of the East Penn Road, and then bring up at
ALLENTOWN.
[Philadelphia, Sixty Milea. New York, Ninety-two.]
One of the most stirring and growing places in the State. It is five miles, from Bethlehem, located at the junction of the Little Lehigh and Jordan Creeks with the Lehigh river, upon a beautiful swell or plateau about one hundred and fifty feet above the rivers, and nearly that above the Railroads, is well laid out,has numerous churches, good schools, public and private, a court-house and jail, and a great amount of manufacturing and solid industries, including furnaces, rolling-mills, boiler works, tanneries, shoe manufactories, &c. In the latter business they have several large establishments which are said to turn out work superior to that of Lynn, Mass. In addition to its excellent public schools, it has beautifully and favorably located in its midst Muhlenberg College for young men, and a Collegiate institute for young ladies. The latter is beautifully located, has a fine building, and at this time, [1874], is in a highly prosperous condition.
Allentown is well supplied with gas, and the purest spring water, all from one fountain; the air is remarkably salubrious, and the scenery delightful.
This prosperous and growing city is a great Railroad center, having no less than three leading roads centering here or passing through it—has a large banking capital, nine newspapers daily and weekly—has the County Fair grounds, containing twelve acres, beautifully located, in its suburbs, or rather between the two parts of the city, the manufacturing hnd trading sections, and has withal, a Mayor, active and zealous in promoting the business interests, the elevation of the schools, and the good order of the city, who is an enthusiastic believer in the future growth of Allentown, and who,—not the least qualification—knows how to treat strangers, and make the best possible impression upon them in behalf of the place, and indirectly of himself personally. May the people of Allentown be wise enough to work with the same enlightened zeal in building up their beautiful town.Altogether, no city that we have visited, has made a more favorable impression upon us than this, and none seems to have a brighter promise in the future. We know of few, if any better places for business, and, from its delightful and healthful location, more desirable as a place of residence.
As yet it is known chiefly as a Railroad center and business place, though many persons stop in the summer season at its principal hotels, the American and Allen House, for a few days or weeks. It has two places for Summer boarding, “ Idlewild,” near the mountains, and “ The Fountain House,” at Crystal Springs, the water supply of the City. But it ought to be much better known as a Summer resort. With a good Sanitarium, with one or two more first-class hotels or boarding-houses, specially devoted to Summer tourists and boarders, with additional groves, near at hand, prepared for picnics, with increased facilities for reaching the fine points that overlook the beautiful valley and surrounding hills, such as Prospect Rock and others well-known,—combining as it would beautiful scenery, excellent water, and an atmosphere almost unequaled in purity, mildness, and conditions favorable to health,—it might become a first-class place of summer resort.
We ought to mention that Liberty Bell which proclaimed the independence of the nation to the land and to the world, from Independence Hall, where, broken and crippled like a veteran warrior who has served well his country, it is still preserved with much honor and care, and at the coming Anniversary will be tho observed and honored of all relics,—was taken to Allen-2*town in* 1777—to keep it from falling into the hands of the British, while they had possession of Philadelphia. Also the then celebrated chime of Christ’s Church, Philadelphia, was taken here for safe keeping, with perhaps other bells, if others the city had at that time. Liberty Bell was stored in the basement of the German Reformed Church, on what is now Hamilton St. between Sixth and Seventh, and near the Public Square.
MANY TOWNS.
We 8top a moment opposite Catasauqua, situated on our right, across the river, a flourishing village of over 6,000 inhabitants, with the celebrated Crane Iron Works and many other manufactories located in their midst, the very sight of which even at a distance does one good— note at Ilokendauqua, the four immense furnaces of the Thomas Company, that look to our untutored eyes, the very height of perfection in their line, and are said to be among the largest and most complete in their appointments in the world, an addition of two more being well under way—pass Coplay and the Lehigh Valley Iron Works, with the Coplay Mineral Cement Works— White Hall, one of the oldest places in this part of the State, and celebrated for a terrible Indian Massacre in its vicinity in 1763,— Laury’e, the station where we first notice the presence of large slate quarries—Rockdale, where we seem upon the point of running into the slate rocks which cut down upon the river’s edge at very sharp angles.
It is said that in the first surveys of the road here the engineers had to be let down the declivities with ropes.“ Lehigh Gap," Blue Mountaiua, Pa.	P.	19.Fortunately the rock is the softest of slate, and easily cut away, and when it overhangs, not liable to fall in large and dangerous quantities.
8LATINGTON.
(Philadelphia Seventy-six Miles. New York One Hundred and Eight.]
At Slatington we make a short pause. This place is the growth of a few years, and already contains a population of about 3,000, employed chiefly in quarrying and fitting for market the excellent slate found here in inexhaustible quantities. There are more than a dozen companies operating on a large scale, and the slate which they mine is said to be equal in durability to any in the country. In softness and beauty of color, it does not equal that from the quarries of Vermont.
Fineness and durability seem to be its qualities, which is we presume the reason why the Capitol at Washington has been covered with it. Three miles beyond, at Slatedale, as its name implies, there are other quarries, to which a branch road has been run.
We pass Lehigh Gap, where the mountains almost come together, and the scenery is decidedly grand and beautiful, and Parryville—stopping a moment at Lehightan. This place contains about 1800 inhabitants, and is noted for the massacre of the Moravian Missionaries just after Braddock’s defeat in 1755, whose station, Gnadenhutten, was at that time located across the river, on the present site of Weisxport. The Fort Allen Hotel, at this place, occupies the same ground as the fort built by Franklin, when he came here in 1756, to defend the people of this valley from the incursions of the Indians. A well, made for theuse of the fort, is still in good condition, and is pointed out to the curious traveler as an interesting memorial of the great Philosopher and his campaign, in which, the country came near gaining a clever military hero, and the world near losing a great philosopher.
At Weissport there are important iron works at which bar, strap and other styles of iron are made, and these works it is said are soon to be enlarged.
PACKERTON.
[Philadelphia Eighty-eight Miles.]
[New York One Hundred and Nineteen.]
The next place we come to, and pass by, unless we choose a different train, is appropriately named after the President of the road, a man who has done so much to build up and beautify this whole Valley. The town does not show to advantage from the cars, nor indicate to the superficial observer all that it is, or seems destined to become. It has the materials for a prosperous and beautiful, if not a large place, unless the elements of its growth are, as sometimes unexpectedly happens, diverted in other directions. We make this remark because a great and growing company like the Lehigh Valley R. R. which is continually throwing out new branches and forming new connections, cannot itself tell from what exists this year what will be next, nor how long the great center of the road will remain where it may now chance to be, neither how many nor what secondary centers of operation it may need in the future.
Packerton is the new name for the old town of Burlington, and has been built up mostly by the Lehigh“ Maueh Chunk aud Mt. 1‘iagah." Pp. 21, 22 and 31-4#.Valley R. R. Co., during the last ten years. Here it weighs and makes up its coal trains. Here are its principal shops for making and repairing coal cars. Here it has a fine park, with ponds and brooks stocked with trout, and provided with deer and other animals.' It will well pay the tourist to stop here a while and view the attractions of the place. Not far distant are the brooks and ponds of Mr. Lafayette Lentz, of Mauch Chunk, for propagating trout on a .large scale, a subject of great interest to the naturalist, the student of political economy, the savan or the curiosity seeker, and especially to every enthusiastic disciple of Isaac Walton.
ON THE “QUI-VIVE.”
But we are nearing the object of our search—the terminus of our present trip, and approaching some of the finest scenery in the country, some say in the world. These wonders of nature are about to burst upon us in all their magnificence, and with their matchless charms confront the ravished vision.
We can see that the bold rugged hills begin to loom up with more abrupt, wild and lofty grandeur. Now we make a splendid curve—and now we come with a bound into
MAUCH CHUNK.
[Philadelphia Ninety Miles.]
[New York Oae Hundred and Twenty-one.]
Here we have at a single glance a view of the town, the coal shoots, the “Switchback,” the winding, bounding river, with' its locks, falls and rapids, and above all the grand old mountain summits, whichrise up skyward, and towering towards the vast blue vault of the heavens, seem to rest against and support its mighty dome like the pillars of time; and as the wind and storm sweep across the topmost peaks, their trees wave among the clouds like the dark locks of giant forms. Away up yonder sits Pisgah, in majestic simplicity, like a monarch enthroned, ruling among his fellows with power aud might supreme.
ONOKO GLEN.
[Philadelphia Ninety-two Miles.]
[New York One Hundred and Twenty-three.]
But we must not anticipate. Onoko Glen, a novelty, and the great attraction of the season, for those who can only make excursions of a day, is to be visited first It is nearly 12 o’clock, and some of our party, stop at the Mansion House for their dinners, and will take the next train for the Glen at half past one. Friend Booth will doubtless give them far more sumptuous fare than our plain lunch can afford. Many of our company cannot stop because they wish to see both the Glen and the Switchback in a single day.—So on we go for two miles, winding through the rugged vale of wild, grand beauty, and crossing the Lehigh, fetch up at a unique rustic little depot, where small and humble as it is, though we confess it quite pretty, all the trains stop. But we learn it receives this great honor by reason of the attractions of the Queen of rustic beauty that sits enthroned among the hills yonder, and to whom numbers pay court daily from city and country. We too will go thither, and come into her august and charming presence.Mansion House, Mauch Chunk, Pa.
Pp. 22,'aud 43-45.One minute’s walk brings us to the gate or entrance archway, over which we read, “ Glen Onoko" No greedy official stands here to bar your entrance, or collect tribute, but it is written in invisible letters, clear as though they flashed out in gold, “ Enter ye old and young, rich and poor, and feast upon these beauties, without money and without price. The Queen has grateful shade to cover thy head, cool breezes to fan thy brow, and pure water with which to slake thy thirst. Moreover, she has the gift of conferring upon all who come to her borders and traverse her grounds, whose topmost limits are perched among the clouds, a koen appetite and a sweet satisfying relish for their food. Queen Onoko bids you heartily welcome, one and all! Pass ye into her realms of health, beauty and peace.”
The first thing we notice on entering the Glen, is a deep and constantly ascending gorge—not frightful, nor even lonely—but wild, attractive, and beautiful. The steep and towering sides of this gorge are every where clothed with verdure, and the first glance at the sublime and varied scene is prepossessing and impressive. In the center of the chasm, which stretches up—up—far as the eye can reach, and even beyond its utmost ken, is a beautiful stream, of goodly size, clear as crystal, and swift as the antelope. On it goes, flying past you, rushing, bounding, foaming, falling, restless as the hot tide of life in an impetuous youth, yet cool as though it had started from the icebergs. On either side it is flanked with the hemlock, birch, pine, laurel, and delicate ferns, all so distributed as not only to give scope to their own attractions, but serv-ing to adorn and vary the scene, and give a fresh charm to every part of the glen. Here are huge boulders in the bed of the stream, checking, but not stopping the rushing water, the rather throwing it into a thousand forms of fantastic beauty; there giant rocks rising up and standing as though sentinels to guard this secluded retreat, tit haunts for the nymphs and gods. Up yonder, straining the eye to behold them, are lofty jutting banks and overhanging cliffs; all around you it is cool and refreshing, while the sun with its burning torrid rays shoots harmless over your head. Evidently the place is cool in Summer, and warm in Winter. As you progress you see neat rustic seats, and bridges across the fairy-like stream, and all along your course, a path, which, while its steepness gives you labor, affords an excellent foothold ; at the same time, its direction, like a well-planned tale, is so completely concealed, you can seldom tell which way it will lead you, only you know it is onward aud upward, offering to the eye ail along novelties and wonders of increasing beauty and interest.
«
NOT TOO MUCH.
We do not purpose to describe minutely every foot or rod of this attractive spot, as though each portion presented some marked and separate wonder. There is such a tiling as overdoing the subject, and leaving nothing for the ingenuity and imagination of the traveler to fill up. besides one often fails to discover the striking objects which he has been led to expect, and the result is a feeling of reaction and disappointment.We shall therefore only briefly touch upon the leading points of interest, simply to put the reader and excursionist on the tip-toe of interest, and real track of inquiry.
CRYSTAL CASCADE.
There is a series of minor falls beginning with our entrance into the glen. The first we come to where the channel has any considerable width, and the water falls over the rocks in a continuous “ pour,” or unbroken sheet, is called “ Crystal Cascade.”
Some distance above, and on our left, are “ Pulpit Pocks,” twin brothers, towering from fifteen to twenty feet high, evidently at some time constituting but one rock, and separated by the action of moisture, heat and frost. One of them leans considerably beyond a perpendicular, and but for a prop accidentally or intentionally placed there, looks as though it might follow the ways of gravity, if not of wisdom and the desires of curiosity seekers, and so come tumbling down the steep declivity at no distant day.
Right by these rocks, we come to “ Mossy Cascade ” beautiful enough, but presenting nothing remarkable to the eye. “ Laurel Cascade ” is still farther up and somewhat more bold and striking.
THE TRIPLE VISTA.
Passing upward, still upward, the beauties of nature greeting you on every side, the crystal stream leaping, bounding and puffing up proudly with its crest of white foam,—as fair and proud ladies display their snowy laces,—moving down, down, towards the world below, much faster than we go up towards the sky, a	.which we can barely see above us—illustrating most forcibly the difference between moving with and against gravity—we now cross, or rather pass about two thirds over “Stairway Bridge.” Here we catch a glimpse of Chameleon Falls, and above them still, Onoko, while another of moderate size but beautiful in itself, and far more so in its combined attractions, is pouring down the rocky channel like crystal nectar, from a double urn of silver, at our very feet. This, for want of a better name we call the Forked Cascade, as the rocks near the top, divide the stream into two parts, thereby greatly adding to its novelty and beauty. Here we find ourselves in the heart of the glen, and all things considered, this is
THE MOST ATTRACTIVE POINT.
Three beautiful falls, lying back of each other, in an ascending series and in graceful postures, rise up the vision in the most attractive and romantic order, the whole scene being veiled and beautified by grand old trees, tangled and projecting shrubbery shooting across the stream, and mosses and delicate ferns climbing the shelving sides and creeping over the very edges of the jutting rocks. This is a scene worthy of a painter or poet, and we have wished oft and again that these transcendent beauties of nature could be measurably transferred to canvass by that great master of forest and glen painting, hope, who is now immortalizing himself and the scenes he paints at Watkins Glen. The first of these three falls we have called “ Forked Cascade,” and it is about twenty-five feet high. The second, as we have seen, is “ Chame-Chameleon Falla, Glen Onoko, Pa.	P.	26.Ouoko Falla, Gleu Ouoko, Pa.	Pp.	27,	28.lion,” so called from the display of prismatic colors from different points and at different hours of the day. These the tourist must ascertain at the time, by carefully experimenting for himself from different positions, the morning being the best time to observe each of the falls. The whole fall or “ pour ” of Chamelion Cascade is given by one authority at fifty feet, which is not far from correct.
ONOKO FALLS.
These are the highest, and most striking and attractive of all the falls, and are very appropriately named after the glen itself. They are the third or upper ones of the three described aud grouped together above. They are given by some at ninety feet. We made a careful estimate, and should put their height at about seventy-five. The channel is here very broad, the rocks upon the edge of the precipice semicircular in form, and hollowed out below like a vast amphitheater. When the water is high, and pours continuously from the wide circular lip to the basin below, the sight is a very fine one. At a low stage of water the view is not so grand or pleasing; a defect that is to be remedied, we understand, by leading in another stream, and perhaps increasing it by means of reservoirs. The view from the top of the rocky precipice of these falls, to the bottom, aud down the mighty gorge, is a sublime one, and should be taken with great caution, and only by persons of firm foot aud strong nerves. An iron guard or railing might be put here at a trifling expense that would make it perfectly safe.
Recrossing the stream by a fine natural passageconsisting of stones broad, even, and firm, and ascending a rustic stairway, we soon come to Terrace Falls, aptly named such, being a succession of terraces, some of them broad and smooth as though made by the hand of man. They are made more attractive by the fine moss that covers their surface like a velvet carpet or the soft fur of some amphibious animal.
They end, or rather begin, by a fall of about twenty feet, the most beautiful in some respects of the whole glen. For want of a better name we will term it,
FOUNT OF PEARLS.
So we call it. Yet neither pearls, nor crystals, nor diamonds, express the full force of the idea—much less the great beauty of the sight. The descent is at an angle of some seventy-five degrees, and although the water is distributed evenly over the bed of the stream, it does not flow in a smooth and continuous sheet, but by reason of ridges or sharp points standing out all over the rocky bed, the water is separated and thrown into the most fairy like and beautiful forms imaginable. From the top to the bottom of the steep incline, and across the entire channel, the limpid and sparkling fluid is broken into millions upon millions of white bead like jets, flying, floating, glistening in the sunlight, then falling and commingling with their myriad companions, to repeat the brilliant and fascinating show, every foot of the way down this ladder of flashing, glittering light.
Language utterly fails to describe, as imagination does to paint it in tangible colors. It is as though a long flowing robe, or web-like garment, of the mostTerraoe Falla, Glen Onoko, Pa.	Pp.	28,	29.beautiful and delicate snow-white gossamer, fringed and tasseled all over with pearls and brilliants, held to the surface by threads or chains of unequal length, were to be tossed quickly down the silvery way, with a waving flowing motion, and all at once and continuously the dazzling gems rise from the surface as from a garment of light, and radiant beyond comparison with their multiplied and commingling brightness, leap forward, and falling or revolving with the most graceful evolutions, again return to the surface whence they sprang, to repeat the process down to the foot of the shining path, to be followed in turn by their fellow-drops in a chain of endless beauty.
We could visit this scene a hundred times, and gaze at its brilliant and wonderful exhibition, for hours, without tiring at the sight.
A few steps, and one or two romantic turns, bring us to the last of the series of regular falls, appropriately named,
CAVE FALLS.
Far within the jutting rocks, there is room for several persons to stand or sit at once. And numbers of visitors have tried to enroll their names on the list of immortal fame, by painting them on the rocks, or posting cards on them. The latter is a cheap mode of advertising personal vanity, and by far fhe most sensible way, as it is nearly harmless, and far less annoying to those who come here to feast on the beauties of nature. All this foolish fondness for notoriety,— this desire for an ephemeral fame, is about like writing the name in water, or scratching it upon the sands of a wave-washed shore.As you stand beneath the huge shelving rocks, and look through the multitude of drops and fine streams of water, that pour down as though shed from a magic sieve, glittering in the morning sunlight, the sight amply repays one for getting a little wet in passing to and from the cave. Here we found the most varied and pleasing display of—
PRISMATIC COLOR8,
That we did at either falls, not excepting “ Chame-lion.” In four or five different places, and from many points of observation, we saw them displayed with their never failing charms. At Onoko Falls, there is a very beautiful exhibition of prismatic rays, which as you pass up the glen to the right, veers around till it becomes almost parallel with the falling waters, then turns back partially to its former angle, and in this position rises upon the sheet of water with your own movements till it reaches near the top of the falls, when the enchantment being broken, it vanishes from sight. In this it is like many other beautiful things that flash across our pathway, linger it may be for a brief moment, and then disappear forever.
These beautiful hues, however, may be seen as often as we visit this charming glen, in clear weather and at the right hour of the day—that is, in the morning.
Clambering up the romantic, winding way, which as we have remarked, much like a well-planned tale, seldom lets us know where the next step is to lead, but reveals its attractions at just the right moment,—a hundred or two feet, brings us to near the top of the mount where at our right there are springs of water,and numerous seats beneath the trees, especially convenient for pic-nic parties, and provided for this purpose by the Lehigh Railroad Company. Just before reaching these seats, we observe a curious freak of nature in what may be aptly termed—
THE TWIN PINES.
Two trees, of the white pine species, (Pinus Strobus), starting from the same root, have two perfectly formed and separate trunks, till they reach the height of twelve feet, where they unite by means of a large limb that passes from one tree into the other, and has grown there entirely solid. The trees where they first separate near the ground are one foot in diameter, the limb is about six inches through it, and at the point of intersection, the two are about six inches apart.
Above the point of union, the tree that receives the limb is larger, while below, the tree that contributes it, is a trifle the largest. Evidently this limb is a great feeder of the tree it unites with. The entire height of the trees is about fifty feet. Posted near them is the inscription, “ Wedded for life.” This is a phrase and sentiment, pretty enough, but not a name. Besides, both trees spring from the same root, which is decidedly too near relationship for marriage. We much prefer the name which came to our lips at first sight, “ The Twin Pines.”
Turning to the left and passing up a short distance and across the stream, we come to what is called the
hunter’s cabin,
Which-formerly existed here—composed partly of rocks so arranged as to form a sort of cave—and partly%
of artificial means. Here, formerly, sportsmen would come the night before the hunt in order to take an early start, the morning being the best time for many kinds of game. Or they would resort here for shelter over night, and to prepare their food, in case they prolonged their hunt through several days. Nothing is now left but the hollow place among the huge rocks, and their blackened faces caused by the fires that were built, to indicate the history or former use of this memorable spot.
RETURNING ANOTHER WAY-
For the sake of variety we take a path on the other side of the stream, that is the South or right bank as we turn and face its mouth, our ascent having been entirely on the other side, except when we crossed it once or twice, and passed a short distance up or down. This path is wild and varied, being everywhere adorned with the wintergreen, trailing arbutus and the ever present and beautiful laurel, while there is fall enough all along the stream, to regale the ear with the roar of its music. On reaching the head of Onoko Falls, on our return, we pause awhile and ttep to the open space at the right to get a fresh view of the scene from
POINT BEAUTIFUL.
This is commonly called “Sunrise Point,” in respect to the appropriateness of which we do not see the point.
We hope it may receive the name we have here given it, or some other more beautiful and significant one.This view takes in the Glen, the valley beyond, the Lehigh river, and the adjacent hills and mountains, with East Mauch Chunk sweetly nestled in the lap of these charming and once quiet vales, now echoing constantly to the sharp scream of the locomotive, and the thundering of countless trains as they wind majestically and gracefully through the valleys. Life and beauty, nature and art, here unite and sit enthroned to charm the eye and entrance the ear.
Again and again we lift our eyes and glance out through this favored vista and survey the lovely scene. Here at our feet the magnificent glen sweeps wildly downward more than six hundred feet into the depths, below, affording a sight grand and almost fearful to behold, and for picturesqueness hardly excelled. Beyond the view opens and expands, gathering into one scene hills, vales, mountains, streams, hamlets, earth, sky, and affording at one grand sweep of the eye a field of the most sublime and enchanting beauties.
The scene becomes indelibly stamped upon the imagination, and there could hardly be a finer subject for the artist. It would almost paint itself. It is of a different kind, and is viewed from an opposite direction from that of the three waterfalls, which we have before described, but takes rauk side by side with it. Which should bear off the palm, it would be difficult to determine. Either are worth going a hundred miles to see.
packer’s point.
Off at the North of the Lava Beds so-called, a granitic conglomerate of volcanic origin that crowns thesummit, distant about a fourth of a mile, and which we have since visited, is Packer's Point. It presents about the same general field to the eye, but is from a very different look-out, and though pleasing and beautiful, is far less charming and picturesque than Point Beautiful. It, however, amply repays the trouble of a visit, and when there you will find a plain easy path of descent to the rustic station. This time we prefer to return the way we came, review the scenes, take another glance at the triple vista and most fascinating waterfall view, sip now and then from the pure water, and eating a hasty lunch upon the seats by the rustic bridge, return to the depot, fatigued, but highly pleased, we may say delighted, with our ramble.
JUST IN TIME.
We had just time to make the complete tour of the glen,—which is indeed sooner done than described, though we spent much less time at the various points of interest tbau we could have desired, but were bound to make the round of this and the “ Switchback ” the same day, if for no other reason than to show to excursionists of the faint-hearted, doubting turn, that the thing could be done without the least difficulty,—and with a little hurrying, to reach the depot, a gem of rustic beauty by the way, in season for the 4.25 train.
NOW FOR THE u SWITCHBACK !”
Less than five minutes ride brings us to Mauch Chuuk. Most of the company having seen enough for one day, and being full, are bound to go home onInclined Plane of the "Switchback,” at Mt. Piagab. Pp. 34-43. Jthis train, reserving their trip over the Switchback for a future excursion. Not so with a few of us. We are fully determined to go up Mt. Pisgah at this time. We accordingly cross the bridge, get a comfortable supper at the Mansion House, walk briskly about one-fourth of a mile, one-half of it being up a steep grade, to the depot near the inclined plane. We hurried a little for fear of being late, which gives us ten minutes to spare. But one car goes this trip, as it is late in the day, and looks something like a storm. We start, and soon move at a rapid rate, without engine or visible motive power. It is a down grade, and the car runs itself, for about a quarter of a mile, when we reach the first grand inclined plane, this time an ascending one. We look up the iron track, hung as it were like frail bits of thread between the heavens and earth, merely to connect Pisgah with this lower world. Are we to go up that lofty ascent, steep as the roof of a house, and ending among the clouds, and in a car, too ? To go in a balloon would look more like it though we might light upon some other mount beside Pisgah. Well, the engineer and the conductor, one and the same person, seems so cool and confident, we might as well have a little confidence, too, inasmuch as he runs his share of the risk, and having tried it a great many times knows how the thing is done. At all events we will not quake till we see good reason first to tremble. While the conductor and his assistant are rigging the machine we will study its mechanism and—
THE MODUS OPERANDI.
Our car is on a platform at the foot of theinclined plane, while before us are two tracks, besides a middle rail with notches in it Two belts composed of steel plates riveted together are on our track, while a wire rope is on the other, and each runs upon rollers. The steel belts are hitched to our car in front. The wire rope of the other track passes round a wheel just below us, thence on to our track, being attached to a machine or break, and this machine is hitched to the hind end of the car. On this machine, which is low and very strong, there is a movable ratchet, which plays upon the middle rail, and falling into the notches would instantly stop the car, in case the running gear should give way. These notches slant upward, and hence the ratchet moves with the machine, while if the car should break loose, or an attempt was made to move it the other way, it would instantly fasten against and hold firmly in the notches or teeth of this middle rail. Thus the belts draw us, and our car draws the machine and wire in an endless or rather reciprocating chain. When the little machine, which we presently see coming down. the plane on the other track gets opposite to us, we notice it draws two plate bands after it, not ours, but like them. That machine or break will be hitched to the next car, first moving down beneath the platform till the car passes over it, and the passengers and train will go up that track instead of the one we are on,— and so they alternate. Of course the motive power is a fixed engine at the top of Pisgah. There are two sets of plates or belts besides the wire, one set for each track. Those that draw up the cars in doing so wind up on a huge wheel near the engine, whilst the othersunwind from a similar wheel and follow down one of the little machines or breaks. Thus they reciprocate or move vice versa, drawing up cars on one track, letting the machine down the other—drawing up cars on the other, and letting the machine down on this.
THE CAR OF PEGASUS.
Having studied the process of the machinery, except the break, which we did not know about at the time, we are ready to start for Pisgah’s summit. Seated in a vehicle provided not with wings, but with locomotion not less wonderful than the car of Pegasus, we find ourselves moving first slowly, then rapidly; up— up—we go, while hills, trees, every thing around seems receding from beneath us—all save the car and the belts of iron that draw it—and were seem hanging between the heavens and the earth. We look on this side, and then on that, to learn if we have any foothold, hand-hold, or car-hold upon terra firma. We are not quite certain, though we can still see a bit of an iron track, but whether our car still touches its almost perpendicular sides, is not so easy to tell. Good heavens! how we seem to swing in thp air! If anything holds us to the firm earth or the heavens above, and keeps us going up instead of down “ ker smash,” it is these frail little plates trundling nimbly upward on rollers. What if one of them should break, which it is liable to do, and then how quickly the other would go ! We look at the conductor. He appears cool as a cucumber in January or an iceberg in June. And those ladies, they too appear as composed and stolid as though they had no nerves. What does it all 4mean ? Why should I hold my breath, and feel an inexpressible relief when we reach the summit? Ah! the difference is, they were posted, and I was not. They knew what I was not aware of, that that machine attached to the hind end, no! the lower end of the car, that is, the end towards the earth, would instantly stop it and hold us firmly to the track if the wire or the plates were to break. This makes the difference. It’s all well enough to talk about courage, and easy to be brave when you know that you are perfectly safe. But we must not forget that—
We came to see from Pisgah’s height Views seldom seen by mortal sight—
But seen, the vision ne’er forgets Till memory’s sun forever sets.
There is an elevation and sublimity of feeling when up so high that is impossible to conceive when you merely look up to the height from below. We have been upon other mountains much higher than this, but the vision never tires or loses its charm. From Pisgah’s airy summit we gaze around and down into the depths below with wonder and ecstatic delight. In the distance is the Lehigh Gap, and beyond it the Delaware Water Gap, the latter seen only as we move towards Summit Hill, and still farther off the mountains of Northern New Jersey. On all sides, mount seems piled back of mount, in serried endless ranks. Mauch Chunk, down at our feet, looks little bigger ^ than a children’s play-house, and not unlike it—the Lehigh River, not wider than a ribbon, half concealed at that. That train of cars threading its way along the valley, looks about half as large as the one thatfigures in playing engine among the little folks, with their Christmas present. The apparent superiority that our elevation gives us, and the inferiority that seems to attach to everything in the vale below, where common folks live and move, not inaptly portrays the imaginary superiority of those who by prosperity or some factitious advantage, are for the time elevated but a little above their fellows, yet imagine that they belong to another order of beings. They look down, or think they do, and it seems a great way. whereas if they could but look up to themselves, the distance would be seen to be much less than supposed, and a temporary and perhaps undeserved elevation at that.
All these thoughts run through the head much quicker than they can be written. However, we came here to enjoy ourselves, and to induce others to come, not to philosophize.
A DIALOGUE, OR COLLOQUY.
We will inform the reader that this colloquy has not been recited at any of the public institutions, but may have been before the next edition is out.
Querist.—Mr. Conductor, how many feet have we come up ?
Conductor.—Reckoned as the track ascends the inclined plane, it is 2322 feet, or a little less than half a mile. Yet to a stranger, ascending it for the first time, it seems much more than this.
Querist.—Yes, indeed! But what is the perpendicular height? Also the height of Pisgah above tide water ?
Conductor.—That is 664 feet, or a little more thanan eighth of a mile, and the whole height above tide water 1370 feet—above the Lehigh river, it is about 900 feet.
Querist.—That would give the angle of ascent much less than one would suppose—say 20° upon a rough estimate.
Conductor.—Less than that- It is but a little over 16.°—We are generally greatly deceived in such matters and yet that is a very steep grade, as we should find if we attempted to walk it,up or down.
Querist.—What is there on the hill yonder, off at the right? We noticed several persons get off, and there seemed to be a good path up the hill.
Conductor.—The Pavilion, a place of refreshment and rest, is up on that hill, and just beyond, at the very summit there is a tower or lookout, giving a very fine view from the top. It is worth your while to stop there on some of your trips.
Querist.—Thank you, Mr. Conductor. I will act upon your suggestion (which has since been fulfilled).
Conductor.—It will pay you to spend some time there.
' Querist.—What is the distance, and how much do we fall in running this inclined plane to the foot of Mt. Jefferson ?
Conductor.—The distance is six miles, the fall about two hundred feet, and hence the grade is a trifle short of 33 feet to the mile,—but enough as you see to carry us at a very rapid rate, requiring occasionally an application of the brake.
Querist.—That is Mt. Jefferson, which we are now approaching, is it ?Conductor.—Yes! at the top of that ascending plane yonder.
Querist.—Plow many feet is the plane, and how many the perpendicular height?
Conductor.—The plane is 2070 feet, 252 less than that of Mount Pisgah, the perpendicular height 462 feet, or 202 less than that of Pisgah.
Querist.—How high is Mt. Jefferson above tide water ?
Conductor.—It is 1635 feet, or nearly one third of a mile. Pisgah, as we have seen, is 1370 feet above tide water. Hence Mt. Jefferson is 265 feet the highest. The difference between this and the perpendicular height of Mt. Jefterson, 462 feet, is what we lose in running from Pisgah, or 197 feet, which as we have seen gives us a grade of 33 feet to the mile, nearly.
Querist.—That first notch on the right is the Lehigh Gap, the same that we saw from Pisgah. What is that more distant one at the left?
Conductor.—That is the famous Delaware Gap.— and that low-looking mountain peak, that seems so small, and so far off, is Schooley’s Mountain, about which you have heard so much.
Querist.—What is the distance to Summit Hill ?
Conductor.—It is above a mile. The grade is not very steep, the fall being some twenty five feet.
Querist.—Can we go and view the burning mine? That is, how many minutes have we?
Conductor.—On this trip we have but fifteen minutes—on some others twenty-five. You will have time by hurrying a little—cross that bridge yonder— turn to the right, and pass down by the fence, scan-4*ning both sides of the ravine there—you may possibly see a little smoke—that is all in ordinary times. It sometimes burns more furiously (exit Querist and passengers to the burning mine )
We return in time, having by brisk exercise recovered from the chill caused by riding over the mountains after the hurry and sweat in getting to the depot.
THE DIALOGUE RESUMED.
Querist.—Is this road used for the transportation of coal now ?
Conductor.—Not at all. Its use for that has been discontinued nearly two years It is now used exclusively for the transportation of passengers, excursionists, and the miners, and people living at Summit Hill and vicinity, running the year round, particularly for the accommodation of those living here upon the mountain. The coal all goes down the other side of the mountain now, by another road, the mountain having been tunneled for this purpose. Probably you noticed that the shoots near Mauch Chunk have’been partially removed ? They are to be wholly so.
Querist.—What is the whole distance we make, or the length of the “ Switchback ? ”
Conductor.—About 18 miles. It is from the depot to Pisgah a little over a half mile, from Pisgah to Mt. Jefferson, six miles; up Jefferson less than a half mile; from Jefferson to Summit Hill, over a mile; from the “ Hill ” to the depot nine miles, making 18 in all. The whole time consumed, as you notice, for we are now close to the depot, is about one hour and three-fourths. At the present time cam leave the de-pot about once an hour, beginning at 8.30 and closing at 6.20, 5.20 being the last that return, except when we make special trips by moonlight. Our return course has been winding, as you have observed, but smooth and rapid, and all the way down an inclined plane, passing twice under the track we went up by. It is the old mule track, and a very good one, as you see.
Querist.— Thank you, Mr. Conductor, for your courtesy, and the valuable information you have imparted. We hope to make good use of it. Good day, sir. [Exit Querist to the
Mansion House.]
Perhaps we might as well speak of this establishment right here. It is hardly an ordinary hotel. It is a sort of institution built up for the convenience of the traveling and especially the pleasure-seeking public. It is of no particular style of architecture, but a sort of conglomerate or composite order, like the immense rocks upon the tops of those mighty hills at the foot of which it is erected. There is nothing especially attractive in the external appearance, yet on the whole it makes a striking impression upon a stranger the first time he sees it. Once seen, he never has to “ hunt ” for the Mansion House.
Its entire length is 355 feet, by an average depth of about 40, the height of most of it being five-stories. It is comfortably furnished, but there is nothing flashy or extravagant. There are 185 rooms, and with the use of cots the lodging capacity is almost unlimited. It was commenced in 1825, and has been repeatedly enlarged, and its capacity has been almost dou-bled the present year. Its accomplished proprietor has been here eight years, and most of the improvements have been made under his supervision. He is the chief engineer, but you rarely hear him give orders to his subordinates. Everywhere present, and with an eye on everything going on, he is seen conversing pleasantly with his guests, yet you would never imagine by any orders given, or blustering in his manner, that he was the landlord. His instructions are given when and where the public cannot hear them. Each employe is taught his duty and knows his place, and understands that his employer knows it, too. When the present large addition was being made, which was completed late in the season, fears were expressed that he would not be able to fill it. What is the result? What, of course, the proprietor anticipated. His house is filled to overflowing, and a great many have to be turned over to the other hotels of the town—the United States, Broadway, etc. It is fortunate for the multitudes who flock here, that they have good houses to go to, when the Mansion House is reluctantly compelled to turn them away. Said Mr. Booth, in conversation recently, “ If the capacity of my house was doubled, I could fill it in one week.”
t
WHY 18 IT?
That is, why do people flock to Mauch Chunk in such numbers ? First—It is a great thoroughfare for coal, iron, and lumber, and the legitimate business travel is very large, and increasingly so.
Second.—It has some of the finest scenery and natu-ral phenomena anywhere to be found, and a combination of attractions rarely if ever excelled. These we have somewhat fully described. Briefly they are Onoko Glen, “ The Switchback,” coal mines, trout ponds and trout brooks, Mauch Chunk, with its charming scenery, the focal point and climax of which is at the Mansion House; Mt. Esser, up at the right of the Mansion House, which is said by some to surpass anything in Europe; and what is not the least of its natural advantages, is the pure air and sweet, wholesome spring-water.
Third.—Tlje hotel accommodations are excellent; the class that resort here for boarding are select, intelligent, of quiet, unostentatious manners, who mostly come here for health and to admire and study the wonders and beauties of nature, a thing which not only draws the refined, but tends in itself to refine and elevate the tastes and manners. How can frail, puny man strut about in a vain and offensive exhibition of himself, in the presence of such overshadowing scenes of sublimity and beauty among the works and wonders of the Creator ? The very presence of such sights removes or represses vulgarity and rudeness of manners. The society that gathers at the Mansion House, from all parts of the State and country, is thoroughly enjoyable and an interesting study to the thoughtful mind.
Not the least cause of the vast increase of travel through the Lehigh and Wyoming Valleys, and of the crowds that congregate at Mauch Chunk, is the reasonable rates of fare, the judicious and excellent arrangements for excursions and pleasure travel by the
“ North Penn,” New Jersey Central, and the Lehigh Valley Railroads. There is doubtless room for improvement, but the public has much to appreciate and thank them for already.
Mount Esser.
“ Thou hast kept the good wine until now.”
At the right of the Mansion House there is a bold, precipitous but not craggy summit, with a separate formation, yet constituting a part of the grand semicircle, at one end or opening of which Mauch Chunk is situated.
It is a little higher than Mt. Pisgah, but not as high as Jefferson, and is called Mount Esser, sometimes Sharp Mountain, but whether from some person, or the peculiar shape of the crest, we do not know—probably the latter.
Early in the morning, before breakfast, up this steep and laborious ascent we climbed. In making it we had several fine glimpses of Mauch Chunk, but these were commonplace affairs and altogether tame, compared with what we saw in the opposite direction, on reaching the summit. Here the Blue Ridge, nearly twenty miles distant, stretches out before you from south-west to north-east, on either hand, far as the eye can reach. Here we could see as never before, the meaning of “ Blue Ridge.” Between us and this grand and beautiful portion of earth, lifted skyward, were other mountain peaks and parallel ranges, while between these are the valleys of the Lehigh and many lesser streams. The peaks and ridges near at hand present more bold and striking outlines w;th agreater variety of form and surface. They narrow, and diminish in apparent height, and increase in length as they recede in the distance, till they almost blend together in one continuous vale. This appearance is relieved and the beauty and grandeur of the scene greatly heightened by the bold and far-reaching crest of the Blue Ridge, which rises and crowns the view in the far distance like the uppermost tier, of seats in some vast amphitheatre. Draped in its rich mantle of purple and gold, as the rising sun gilded its summits and streaked its azure vales with the richest and most sweetly varied and sometimes blended lights and shadows, and assuming, as distant mountains always do, like the horizon itself, a semi-circular form—it was not altogether unlike some immense amphitheatre, decked in the rich drapery provided by wealth and taste. It was far more than this: it was one of those grand and beautiful panoramas of nature in which form assu nes its noblest shapes, color, every tint and hue that can most please the eye, and posture just that place where it can give to each individual charm its happiest separate attractions, and serve to intensify its multiplied effect. It does not seem possible that form and distance, and the deep color of cite forest foliage, under the effect of light and shadow, could make up a picture, landscape if you wish to call it, so pleasing to the eye, and so utterly transcending the powers of the mind to analyze, or language to describe.
The only way to understand and appreciate it is to see for one’s self, and by the silent intuitions of the mind, take in the breadth and height and depth of itsBublime and transcendent beauties, and gaze, and gaze upon the enchanting scene till the soul is filled with purest joy, and with transports of quiet but inexpressible delight.
We might speak of the Delaware Water Gap, and the Lehigh Gap, appearing as it does here far more beautiful than from any other point, but these are only slips in the vesture of nature—slight but beautiful notches in her crown of azure and gold—lovely way-marks on these grand stairways up which men climb, and in their thoughts ascend heavenward. From grosser things they look up the grand and beautiful mountains, and from the mountain tops away from earth 10 God.
MAUCH CHUNK BOROUGH.
The chief interest that centers around Mauch Chunk, is its scenery. It has, however, a population of some seven thousand, and quite an amount of business and wealth. It has several rich men, and in the place there is a goodly number of schools, churches, banks, &c. But these are matters in which the traveling public take but little interest, except so far as they tend to minister to their comfort, and relieve the place from an air of solitude.
WHEN TO GO.
Many are under the impression, that July and August are the months specially suited to pleasure travel. This is a great mistake. I agree that they are the months that pre calculated to drive one from the city, but they are not those best suited for traveling extensively for health, comfort, or information.They are not the choice season in which to go and see the “glens and mountains.” On the contrary, they are the most unsuitable time for visiting a place like Mauch Chunk or Watkin’s Glen, unless it is in mid winter. It has six full months suited to its attractive scenery, beginning with May, and closing with October. But the best season is from the middle of May, till the middle of June, with the lights and shades and varying colors of the opening foliage of spring ; and from the middle of September, to the middle of October, when the hues of the autumn foliage, with the mixture of deciduous and evergreen-trees, and the changes wrought by early frosts, clothe the hills *and valleys with a richness of vesture, and gorgeousness of color, that is not equalled in any other part of the year.
The almost magic beauty of the crystallization of the trees in winter, is nearest to it in splendor. It is said that in looking at these valleys from the mountain summits, when arrayed in the bright and varied tints of autumn, they appear as though covered with a rich and variegated carpet, and the mountain crests, as though hung with the most brilliant tapestries, presenting shades that are charming to behold, and utterly impossible to describe. Early October is of all times the favored one to visit and view this region. But even in mid winter, in the season of ice and snow, it has great attractions to the lover of the beautiful in nature, and her many and interesting changes. Going once, but implants the desire, and prepares the way for going many times, to a spot where nature seems to have been singularly lavish in the bestowment of her choicest gifts.OUR RETURN TRIP.
We leave the hospitalities of the Mansion House, and the pure air and glorious scenery of Mauch Chunk, with pleasant impressions and many regrets, and a determination—since redeemed—of visiting these delightful haunts many times. On our way down, approaching the points from an opposite direction, the scenery otters new attractions, and many things are noticed and admired, that escaped our observation, on the up trip. Taking the “ Lehigh Valley” cars, in one hour and twenty minutes, we reach the interesting and much-written, and talked-about town of
BETHLEHEM.
[Philadelphia 50 Miles.) [New York 87 Miles.)
To describe it in the past and present, doing the •many topics anything like justice—would require a volume instead of a brief chapter. But in accordance with a desire expressed on our way to Onuko Glen, and Mauch Chunk, we have concluded to stop a day or two at least, in this ancient and beautiful town, to breathe its pure air, gaze at its fiue scenery and roam amid its historic memories.
On stepping from the ears, we inquire of the first intelligent man we meet, “ What is your principal hotel?” “ We have several good ones, sir, the Sun, the Eugle and the American House.” “ Which is the place for tourists and summer boarders?” “ Well the Sun is the most attractive and popular house, and the best suited for summer boarding, though the Eagle and American are well patrouized.” We concluded to try the Sun Hotel, and have found it all we couldThe Old Town of Bethlehem, as seen from the Union Depot.	Pp.	50-60,* wish—the table, the sleeping accommodations and the attention received. Its entire arrangements are more like a quiet and comfortable home, than any public house, we have been in for many a day. In short it is just what persons of good sense and correct taste, who are traveling for health or pleasure, seek and prize. One word as to
The Topography of this Region.
Bethlehem is located where the route from Philadelphia strikes the Lehigh Valley, and just where the Valley becomes most wild and picturesque in scenery. The banks of the river are high at this point, and the South or new portion of the town, covers the flats on that side, rises upon the declivities of the mountains, and will, as the place increases, extend indefinitely down the valley. Here most of the manufacturing is done, and some of the best residences are located.
The old town is approached by a winding way over three bridges, crossing respectively the Lehigh river, the canal and the Monocacy creek. You immediately ascend one hundred feet or more to the plateau ou which the old, and as yet the principal town is built. As you gain the crowning summit at Main street, or any of the broad open streets, the views are charming, and the air as pure as crystal ether. It gives you the most agreeable inspiration, and produces a buoyancy, and glow of feeling almost like that of youth, such as one never feels in the impure and dusty city.A fine View.
•
Speaking of our first impressions and our desire to see more, we were requested by the clerk of the hotel, —a very obliging gentleman by the way—to go and take a look from the bridge across the Monocacy, which is very high, and but a few steps off. We did so, and found the view a very fine one—the South and West portions of the town, the Lehigh University and the distant hills, making up the interesting picture. We have repeated our visit to the bridge several times, and with increasing delight. It is but a minute’s walk from the “ Sun,” and well repays the trouble.
THE SCHOOLS OF BETHLEHEM.
We next give our attention to the schools—first the Young Ladies Seminary, famous all over the country, and tor which Bethlehem was once better known than for anything else. It is an immense group of buildings, constituting a prominent object of interest as you ascend the hill to the old town. Additions have been made from time to time, a very largo one just made being nearly completed. Their numbers are limited only by their capacity to accommodate, and the plan upon which they conduct their school. Hundreds of applicants are turned away yearly for want of room, and because they do not wish to have their numbers too great for accomplishing the best results for their pupils. Yet they do no advertising, except what their pupils and friends voluntarily do for them.
Religious Influences,—a Mistake.
The school, as most person know, is under the in-struction and control of the Moravians, a reformed branch of the German church, known everywhere, as a missionary people, so much so that the words missionary and Moravian, have come to be almost synonymous terms. Many have the impression that the school is sectarian, or that it in some way partakes of their peculiar religious tenets. This is a great mis- > take. It is one of the most unsectarian institutions in the country, this being one of its prominent characteristics, so much so that parents of any and every denomination can send their daughters here, assured that they will be under good religious influences of a general character, without being proselyted, or brought under the shadow of sectarian bias. At this school, they not only instruct the pupils, but regulate their habits, mould the character, and train the whole powers, moral, physical, and intellectual.
I
The Family Idea.
Its most marked or leading characteristic, is that the scholars are all grouped in families of about twenty each, for work, study, meals, recreation, sleeping arrangements, &c., which are intended to be as much in all respects like a well regulated household, as it is possible to make them. For recitations another classification takes place, according to their needs and attainments. Another still is allowed, for special studies and accomplishments. .
Muaic very Prominent.
Music is justly made prominent here, and under the accomplished teachers employed, great proficiency
5*is attained in both vocal and instrumental music. How marked a feature it is, may be inferred when we state that more than forty pianos are in constant use.
This school was founded in 1749, almost with the first settlement of the Moravians here. In 1785, it was changed from a society or sectarian school, to one for all who desired its advantages and would submit to its reasonable rules. How well it has secured the public favor, the overflowing and ev*r increasing numbers testify, and how well it has deserved this and fulfilled its mission in moulding mind and character, and in training up mothers and teachers, hundreds, and even thousands of their pupils scattered through the country, and filling every sphere of usefulness, attributing their success largely to the training and impressions here received, most forcibly testify.
Industrial Feature.
In the industrial line, little more is done than to care for their rooms, do their own repairing, and take a plenty of out and in door exercise.
Corps of Teachers, &c.
There are over forty teachers of all grades, connected with this institution. Rev. Francis Wolle, is Principal, and Superintendent; Benjamin Van Kirk, A. M., Vice-Principal. To the latter gentleman, we are chiefly indebted for our information concerning the school, and especially for a full and most entertaining inspection of all its arrangements. This school is not a private enterprise, though not sectarian.with reference to admission, or interfering with the belief of the pupils, it is still a church institution; the buildings are owned by it, and the profits go to the Moravian Society of the “ United Brethren.”
We need hardly add, that those who call to see the school from curiosity or for information, will receive every possible courtesy and obtain all desired information. To go over the immense establishment, and wind up with a first class concert, as we did, is a great treat indeed.
Among the various institutions and attractions of Bethlehem, none do her more credit than the “Seminary for Young Ladies.” Only a square or two from the Seminary, there is a school for boys, that has a good reputation, which we did not have time to visit, but hope to at some future day. While upon the track of schools, we will pass over to
THE LEHIGH UNIVERSITY.
It has often been described, and we will therefore treat it very briefly. It is on the left as you approach Bethlehem from Philadelphia or New York, located on an elevated and beautiful site, rising gradually to the very base of the mountain, which overlooks it like a mighty watch-tower and furnishes something noble for the student ever to look at and admire, in the midst of a grove that would eclipse that of Aca-demus. Packer Hall, looms up conspicuously with its fine tower and large dimensions, and is at present the principal building for all scientific and collegiate purposes. The university grounds contain near sixty acres, most of it covered with a magnificent growthof native forest trees, the greater part of it and its munificent endowment, the gift of Asa Packer of Mauch Chunk, to whom we have alluded in connection with railroads and business enterprises, but who is here engraving his name on the immortal (ablets of the mind, and writing his memory on lines of gratitude deep in the hearts of thousands of the noble young men of our country, for this and countless generations to come. No better use could be made of money, nor one that would confer more benefit upon that rich and beautiful valley, where he has accumulated a large share of his ample fortune.
Correcting an Error.
We wish here to correct an error that seems to prevail quite extensively, in reference to this college, and which does great injustice to the aims and motives of its liberal founder. Many have got the impression, as we had, that this institution, being under the charge of Episcopalians, is sectarian. So far from it, not only is no religious test applied to the students on entering, but they are at liberty to attend whatever church their parents or guardians prefer.
Though intended as its name implies, some day to be a University in the broadest and fullest sense of the term, it is at present chiefly a school of the practical sciences, such as Mining, Engineering, Chemistry, Ac. Their laboratory is said to be equal if not superior to any in the country. As a school aiming at practical results, it has ^rt^t advantages in its location, having right at the doors, so to speak, some of the largest industrial establishments of the country. Tuition isfree, and the whole necessary expenses of the student are put down at less than three hundred dollars per year. The purpose being to reach and benefit the greatest possible number of our worthy and talented young men, by affording them a sound and available education, at an expense barely sufficient to teach them the art of self-reliance, and the better to appreciate and use the invaluable blessing.
[The above was written in 1873. It is now the fall term of 1874, and Lehigh University has the the greatest number of students in the higher departments since it was founded.]
HER INDUSTRIAL INTERESTS, AC.
Among the manufactures of Bethlehem, are an immense rolling mill, for steel rails, said to be the largest ever built at one time, foundries of brass and irom works for smelting and manufacturing zinc, among the oldest and most extensive in the country, furnaces, machine shops, shovel and carriage manufactories, Ac.
Right in the wake of these grand industrial establishments and all around them, go up private palaces and public improvements of every kind. There are two banks, several newspapers, among them two dailies, and some of the finest stores to be found outside of our large cities. Both boroughs are supplied with gas and the purest of water, and recently a much needed institution has been supplied, in the erection and opening of a hospital, for the benefit of this place and the whole Lehigh Valley.
The population of the township, including both boroughs, is about 15,000, and rapidly increasing Itsincrease during the last census decade, was 111 per cent. As we look at the past history and present condition of this beautiful and solid town, with its gigantic modern impulses and industries,—it would be difficult to predict whether it is destined to be most noted for its institutions of learning, its pure air and beautiful scenery, or its great industrial achievements.
AN INTERESTING HISTORY.
 	
We should like to refer to the past history of Bethlehem and tell how the United Brethren, (Moravians) came here and planted a colony in 1741,—how they attempted to Christianize the Indians, in which they but partially succeeded, and in some instances were massacred, but did succeed in establishing their church on a firm basis—how that great philosopher, statesman and diplomatist, Franklin, visited them on his way to Weissport to protect their frontier settlements from the attacks of hostile Indians, and on his return wrote a description of “The Brethren,” alike just and honorable to them, and characteristic of the man— how in the war of the Revolution they did not take up arms, but did tenderly nurse the sick and wounded soldiers, and treated kindly prisoners of war and all who needed their ministrations, friend and foe—how Washington, Lafayette, Pulaski, Hancock, Adams, and nearly all the distinguished characters of that period, civil and military, visited them, and made honorable mention of their kindness and hospitality as well as of their industry, good order and thrift—how like the Pilgrim Fathers they planted the school-house and church side by side, the ripe fruit and fruition of“The Sun Inn,” 1758.
Pp. 59, 60.
“ The Suu Hotel,” 1874, Bethlehem, Pa.	Pp.	60,	61.which this community is now reaping in a harvest of moral, intellectual and industrial prosperity; and many other things interesting to the antiquarian, the student of history, and those who love to study deeply into the philosophy of every phase of the social compact,—but must reluctantly forbear. We will however, refer very briefly to
THE OLD BURYING GROUND.
It is about three minutes walk from the Sun Hotel. You pass down Main Street, turn to the left at the first wide street, and passing up a steep hill, soon come to the interesting place on the right or South side of the street. On entering;the first things that strike you, are the quiet unpretending beauty of the spot, the great number that sleep here, and the peculiarity of short small headstones, one at each grave, lying flat instead of being erect. Here rest together Moravians, Indians, Soldiers of the Revolution, Prisoners of War, “ in one calm burial blent.” It is emphatically a cosmopolitan city of the dead, broad enough in its charities and regulations to have suited the liberal principles of the great commoner, Thaddeus Stevens. Many of the inscriptions date back more than a hundred years. We are not particularly partial to such places, preferring like a certain clergyman we knew, to associate with the living and the well, but this historic spot is truly worth inspecting, and none who visit Bethlehem should miss seeing it.
A HOTEL. WITH A HISTORY.
We have never had a penchant for Hotel literature,but we confess tp having read the admirable history of the Sun Hotel, with a degree of interest we did not imagine possible. From it we learn that this hotel is the most historic spot in this historic town, and we presume is associated with more interesting memories of the olden time, and especially of the Revolutionary period, than any other public house in America, either of the past, or which is still extant.
Bethlehem, as we have seen, was founded in 1741— that is, barely commenced then. The main or old part of the hotel was begun in 1758, and opened to the public in June 1760. Its first landlord and lady were Peter and Ann Mary Worbas—its present host is Cyrus T. Smith. Between these, there have been eighteen landlords, and of course, as many ladies, unless some of the occupants were bachelors. The walls are unusually thick, being nearly four feet. Formerly it was two stories, now it is four. The additions have been made in such a way that it has, on the front, all the appearance of a modern hotel of large dimensions and genteel style, and built at one time. We have barely alluded to its historic associations. Expanded they would fill quite a volume. It sheltered in its day, and entertained with its genial and generous hospitalities Gov. Hamilton, Govs. John and Richard Penn, Washington and nearly all the leading American generals, many of the members of the Continental Congress, several of the governors of that period, and not a few distinguished foreigners during the Revolution and subsequent to it.
Some of these have given it the most complimentary notices, and apparently as sincere as they were de-Pp. 61. 6?.
The “New” Eagle Hotel, lell.lcLeui, Pa.served. It is now an excellent modern hotel, and in addition to the comforts it aff >rds, furnishes food to the curious and contemplative mind, in the many interesting associations of the past that cluster around it.
We forgot to mention that the cellar has massive vaults, where tradition says, prisoners of war were confined during the War of Independence. We have seen no positive proof of this, but everything looks as though it might have been so used.
THE “new” EAGLE HOTEL.
In our frequent visits to Bethlehem, since the above was written, we almost always notice some new improvement or object of interest that had escaped our previous attention. One of the marked changes of 1874, is the entire transformation of the Eagle Hotel. In looking at the imposing structure which we now see, no one would imagine that it was the old Eagle Hotel. It has been rebuilt, greatly enlarged, elegantly finished and furnished, put under new management, and made one of the most commodious and attractive hotels in the Lehigh Valley. More than this, under the proprietorship of Mr. George Hoppes, well known in connection with some of the best hotels of Pennsylvania, aided by his accomplished lady, and most gentlemanly and efficient superintendent, C. H. Fulweiler, it promises to be one of the best kept hotels in the State. It will be open the year round, but has been especially prepared for “Summer boarders.” If we mistake not, this excellent house and its friendly rival, the 44 SunHotel,” both first-class houses, will be largely patronized by boarders from Philadelphia, New York and our other cities.
But in no part of this beautiful and growing town have we noticed rn^re decided improvement and rapid growth, than in that portion known by the inhabitants as
FOUNTAIN HILL.
This is the “ West end” of the Bethlehems. It is a place of beautiful homes and elegant residences. It commences immediately at the Union depot, and stretches over an elevated plateau of ground to the Lehigh Mountains. From the latter flow a number of copious springs of water, and hence the name— “ Fountain Hill From its proximity to the schools of the old Moravian town, and also to the Lehigh University and Bishop thorpe School for young ladies, it has become a favored place of residence of a large and rapidly increasing population, which in wealth, culture and social refinement, has hardly its superior in the State. Bishop thorpe Seminary already referred to, overlooks this part of the town, and forms one of its principal features. This school is a first-class institution, under Episcopal influence, yet open to all who desire sound Christian principles, and a thorough education for their daughters.
In the same direction, and looming up conspicuously from amid grand old forest trees, is the Bethlehem Sanitarium, noted as a resort for health in the past, and doubtless destined to be still more so in the future.“ Binhopthorpe School,” South Bethlehem, P».	P.	62.The growth of Fountain Hill has been for a few years past extraordinary, and is mainly due to the activity, energy and foresight of Mr. Tinsley Jeter, the principal owner of the land in the vicinity. A few years ago he secured by purchase- most of the ground on the hill, and at once commenced a well digested and admirable system of improvements. His object being to make it a place of “ beautiful homes.” For those with children to educate, we know of few places so attractive and desirable.
We have referred to the elegant residences located upon Fountain Hill. Notably among these, are the homes of E. P. Wilbur, R. II. & W. H. Sayre, John Smylie, Dr. G. B. Linderman, II. S. Goodwin, W. L. Dunglison and Tinsley Jeter. The first named, Mr. Wilbur’s, is so beautiful and conspicuous, even from the depot, as to be an object of interest to the traveling public, and all who behold it.
LECHAUWEKI SPRINGS.
This new and attractive ‘.‘watering place” is located in the heart of the “ Lehigh Mountains,” one mile from the depot, and its fine accommodations, low prices, and nearness to Philadelphia and New York, will make it a favorite resort of these cities.
THE FINE BOOK-STORES OF BETHLEHEM.
In a place of so many schools, and several of them of a high order, we might expect, but do not always find, a good supply of books, and first-class dealers in this almost priceless commodity. Bethlehem has three or more book stores, and among them that ofMr. Frederick A. Welden is a very attractive place. It is located on Main St., near Broad, and nearly opposite the Sun Hotel. Mr. Welden has a spacious store, a fine assortment, and supplies largely the Lehigh University and other schools of the place.
The Moravian Book Store and Printing Office, kept by H. T. Clauder, is on Main St., near the Moravian Church. Mr. H. M. Perkin has a neat Book Store on Broad St., above Main.
GOOD WATER AND PURE AIR.
We will refer to a matter of the utmost importance to those seeking health or pleasure - and for such this article was written, and this book prepared—it is the excellent water and the open elevated situation of Bethlehem—the Sun Hotel and many of the streets being, at least, one hundred and twenty-five feet above the Lehigh Kiver, with ample space and the finest circulation of air imaginable. The dryness and purity of the atmosphere is such that its inspiring and exhilarating effect is felt at once. Physicians and invalids understand fully, what a difference a hundred dr two feet, with an open site, makes in the breathing purity of the atmosphere. At no place have we been where the traveller could be more at home, or the invalid more comfortably situated than here, and only two hours ride from Philadelphia, and less than three from New York. It is also on the direct route from either of those cities to Watkiu’s Glen, Seneca Lake, Clifton Springs, Ac., and but about thirty-five miles, or one hour and twenty minutes ride, from the famous “Switchback,” and that attractive spot Onoko Glen.
6AN ATTRACTIVE PROGRAMME.
There are few places where so much cau be seen by excursionists at so little expense and trouble, as at Bethlehem. First, there is the rich scenery viewed from a hundred points in and around the town, which is a perfect feast to those who delight in the bold, picturesque and beautiful in nature. You can climb these mountains, or some of their boldest summits, and view the towns and vales below; or, you can look up to them, and off through the gorges and passes that wind among and load along their mighty bases, with about equal satisfaction and far less labor. Second, there is the town itself, the far-famed and historic Seminary, the quaint old Missionary Church, the ancient dwellings, the contrast of the recently built plain Moravian houses with the splendid modern palaces of the merchants, railroad men, and manufacturers, the singular and very ancient burial-ground, the Lehigh University/ the crowning attraction of which is Packer Hall with its splendid tower and a fine view from it. Third, the chance for boating is excellent—a safe place and plenty of boats; there are fine pic-nic grounds, with the best of lawns and shade, ou the island just above the depot and bridge, besides other places. And here parties can take their own refreshments procure them at the shops, or go to the hotels and boarding-houses, at most reasonable rates. It is a safe place to take children ; there is but little necessary fatigue, and the fullest opportunity for rest. Fourth, the expense in time and mouey is but a trifle. The whole round trip can easily be made iu one day. Theprice of the tickets is but $2.50 for the excursion ; large parties about half that rate, and the time occupied each way but two hours.
MUCH FOR LITTLE.
We think there should be ten excursions to this interesting place, and over a safe and delightful route, where there is now one. To those who have time and means, to go there and board from a few days to several weeks, it is a great treat, and its quiet comfort and pure air an excellent antidote to most of the ills of body and mind. To those who wish to enjoy themselves and receive the most for a given time and expense, we would say, “ Go to Bethlehem.”
EASTON.
[Philadelphia 08 Miles.] [New York 75 Miles.]
Before returning to Philadelphia, we concluded to make a trip to this town, the starting point of the L. V. R. R., one of the oldest places in this part of the State, and of present and increasing importance. The location of the railroads, the bridges, and the town itself is as unique and picturesque as anything can be imagined. Its scenery is made up of the works of nature and art, and is hardly excelled in the wildest and most unfrequented regions. The view as you cross the railroad bridge at Phillipsburg, is a most charming one. You look over the low parts, and the town appears as though it were perched upon the hilltops and cliffs of the mountains. Lafayette College has a location more picturesque and beautiful than any other institution within our knowledge in theMcKeen Hall, Lafayette College.country. Increased funds and the public favor, and perhaps improved scholarship, are giving it increased usefulness and a wider fame. The building, now nearly completed for the Scientific School, erected under the generous endowment of A. Pardee, Esq., is a noble structure, an honor to the donor, and will be a great addition to the attractions of this College. Their present Sophomore class numbers 109 members, more than their whole number was a few years since.
Various Public Institutions.
Easton has an Opera House, several hotels, but one of which, the United States, is for Summer boarders, a substantial court-house, and of course its counterpart, a jail, and better still, it has institutions for preventing persons from going to jail and to prison—churches and schools. In the excellence of the latter, the people of this classic town greatly pride themselves, as being among the best in the State. Their school buildings are tine structures, one of which they have just completed at a cost of $100,000, the materials used being a combination of Pennsylvania and Ohio Sandstone. Here is a striking proof that the presence of the higher institutions of learning, like Lafayette College, do not overshadow and damage the common schools, but stimulate effort and lift up the standard.
Easton has the advantage of three rivers, the Delaware, Lehigh, and Bushkill, giving it any amount of water power and water for engines, and these beautiful rivers, and the lofty hills and grand mountains that everywhere appear in view, give it scenery that is seldom equalled in variety, grandeur, and pictu-resqueness, not in the midst of a barren wild, but in a region that is beautiful and fertile to the very hill-tops aud mountain summits. It is destined to be a great manufacturing community.
When shall it bet
There is some manufacturing done here already. Surrounded by a region as fertile as it is beautiful, and affording the best of markets, in the midst of lime quarries and Iron mines, and not far from the supplies of coal, with an intelligent and wealthy population of 12,000, the best of railroad facilities, and as we have seen, any amount of water and water power, what else is needed to make Easton a great manufacturing people? And what can prevent them from becoming such ? Provided with excellent schools and institutions of learning to keep up the standard of intelligence and elevate the tone of society, here learning and industry may go hand in hand, and together produce their happiest effects in making the community intelligent, prosj>erous, and happy.
The route to and from Easton passing through the villages of Freemansburg, Redingtou, Glendon, and South Easton, is an interesting one, with reference to scenery, the manufacturing industries, and the thriving villages that characterize this first portion of the Lehigh' Valley Railroad, and which it has aided materially in building up. Easton is twelve miles from Bethlehem, sixty-eight from Philadelphia, and seventy-six from New York. It has been the county-seat of Northampton county since it was set off from the county of Bucks.Physical Science Hall, Lafayette College.LAFAYETTE COLLEGE IN ITS “ NEW ERA.”
Since writing the above, “ Pardee Hall ” has been dedicated. The occasion was an auspicious day for Lafayette College. The extent and beauty of the structure, the modest bearing of the donor, the noble and far-reaching objects of the munificent gift, (amounting in all to $500,000), the vast throng of spectators, including many distinguished guests, a(l combined to make it a day long to be remembered by the special friends of this time-honored and now highly prosperous institution.
To the credit of the people of Easton, they stand by this college, and their presence almost in a body on the day Pardee Hall was inaugurated, is the best evidence of their interest in its prosperity, and their determination to uphold it in the future.
The liberal gift of Mr. Ario Pardfee, calls for some modification of the Coliege curriculum, not in the way of interpolations or radical changes, but by adding largely to the department of the “ modern sciences.” The sound principles that control, and the ripe scholarship that give character to this institution, forbid that it should be “carried away” by those superficial theories that too frequently prevail in founding or modifying the schools of the day.
In adding full courses of “practical science,” the guardians of this College will not discard the “ solid old Classics.” On the contrary they will give them a higher place and more direct application. Lafayette College is progressive but not superficial. Its teachers are ever ready to hail and herald realtruth in theory or in facts, but do not follow every will-o-the-wisp that may flash upon the vision of the day and mislead those who are yet in the twilight of knowledge.
The Pardee Scientific Department, being new, and not well understood, we subjoin a brief synopsis of its plan.
It embraces three distinct classes of pupils.
1. The regular students of the college, who under the direction of their teachers, take select portions of the course, in addition to the usual routine.
2. Those who pursue the “Scientific Course” in full which embraces the “College Course” entire, except* that “ The Philological study of the English and other modern languages ” takes the place of Latin and Greek. Graduates of this course receive the degree of “ Bachelor of Philosophy.”
3. Those who pursue some special class of studies in this department, graduating with the degree of “Civil Engineer,” “Mining Engineer,” “Analytical Chemist,” &c., &c.
There are other sub-divisions in this course, respecting which, and all other matters pertaining to the college, one may learn from the Catalogue, which can be obtained by addressing the President.
Lafayette College is peculiarly fortunate in its Executive head, Rev. William C. Cattell, D.D., a man who happily unites in himself great business tact> suavity of manners, and that firmness and executive ability which admirably fit him for his position in controlling large numbers of young men.From the sound principles upon which it is based, its liberal endowment, its location of healthfulness and picturesque beauty, and its numerous teachers of thorough and profound scholarship, this institution is eminently worthy of the confidence and patronage of those who have sons or wards to educate.
In striking proof of this is the fact, that seven hundred of the graduates of “ Lafayette ” are found in the professions of Law, Medicine and Divinity, and thirty of her sons are Judges and Members of Congress.
No one who visits Easton should miss seeing this noble institution and its beautiful and classic grounds; nor should the people of this picturesque and highly favored town fail to take their friends to a spot which is the greatest attraction of their place.
THE MISSES MCCARRELL’s SCHOOL.
In facilities for obtaining an extensive and sound education, the young men of Easton and vicinity are highly favored. Born and reared under the shadow of Lafayette College, with excellent advantages in the public and select schools for a thorough fit, if they come short of a good education it is plainly their own fault. But it will not do to have these privileges limited to one sex, and that the one which claims by nature to be the stronger if not the superior of the two.
Hence, as you descend from “ College Hill,” with its beautiful grounds and rare privileges, you find almost at your feet a school located upon the banks of the romantic Bushkill, within sound at least of itssweeping, gurgling waters, which here are swift-flowing and clear as crystal—a first-class school for young ladies. The school of the Misses McCarrell for both boarders and day scholars, is favorably situated on Bushkill Street, near Second, having an elegant, spacious and convenient building, that seems more like an attractive and beautiful home than like most school-rooms. This institution enjoys an excellent reputation among the educated and more intelligent people of Easton, for thoroughness of instruction and . high tone in morals and manners. The scholars are from the best families of the town, and the young ladies that conduct it enjoy in a marked degree the respect and confidence of the community, which is in turn, favored by having so good a school in their midst.
A VETERAN TEACHER.
Leaving the attractive institution of the Misses McCarrell, and passing down Second St., we come to the residence of B. F. Stem, A.M., a graduate of Lafayette, and a teacher of more than ordinary merit.
Mr. Stem enjoyed in a high degree the respect of that distinguished mathematician and man of science, the late Prof. James II. Cofliu, whose wind-charts are at this time the standard authority of the British admiralty and merchant marine, the adoption of which saves them many days of valuable time in their long voyages, to say nothing of greater security to life and other advantages. In the computations required in these charts, and in calculating the course and orbit of the meteor of 1800, Mr. Stem assistedAstronomical Observatory, La'ajrette College.	P.	78.Prof. Coffin, and for his valuable services on the latter work, received from that gentleman honorable mention in his report to the Smithsonian Institute.
But we must not forget to state that Mr. Stem’s school-room is on Northampton St., just above Third, where he fits young men most thoroughly for business, or to enter college. -In this work he is largely assisted by his daughter, a young lady trained up under his own eye for the responsible work of teaching.
Allusion to the late Prof. Coffin, reminds us of the handsome compliment to his memory, as well as recognition of merit, in the recent appointment of his son, Rev. Selden J. Coffin, to the very responsible position of “ Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy,” in Lafayette College, so long and ably filled by the father.
A SCHOOL FOR BOTH SEXES.
In a quiet court, leading off from Third St., just above the little park or mall that intercepts and beautifies Northampton St., is a school for both boys and girls, kept by Mr. R. H. Trach. It may be easily found, as the court sets off from the main street at the south end of the German Reformed Church. Mr. Trach is a young man, self-educated, and enthusiastically devoted to hip calling. Such has been his success, and so large and increasingly so his numbers, (fall ofl874,) that he will be compelled soon tt) change his location or enlarge his school-room much beyond its present capacity. He fits girls and boys—young gentlemen and young ladies, we suppose they wouldprefer to be called—for business, and the young men for college.
This school is one link, and an important one, in the chain of educational influences with which this community is favored.
EASTON HA8 A COMMERCIAL COLLEGE.
The institution of Prof. Thomas H. Stevens has, as we learn, been in full operation but little over six months, and yet numbers on its list nearly two hundred students. Such success as this, in a community not given to enthusiasm, speaks more emphatically the merits of the school and the special qualifications of its president and business manager than any mere words of praise.
Prof. Stevens, whose success and large experience as a teacher, naturally give him strong business faith and a reasonable degree of confidence in himself, expects iti a few terms more to be compelled to greatly increase his already*spacious rooms in the “Opera House.”
We have referred to this building in another connection. It is Situated on Northampton St., below Fourth, and is in all respects a fiue structure, being especially attractive in its interior finish. The rooms of the Commercial College occupy all the third story of the immense building, are finely lighted and pleasant, and evidently furnished with the best appliances known to these institutions. We expect soon to see Prof. Stevens occupy the whole building, except the hall appropriated to lectures and opera purposes.
WHERE THE SCHOOLS GET THEIR BOOKS.
Tliere are several first-class book stores in EastonAmong the best is that of M. J. Riegel, situated on Northampton street, between Third and Fourth. Mr. Riegel has a favorable location, a good assortment, and receives a large share of patronage from Lafayette College and the other schools of the place.
SPLENDID MERCANTILE ESTABLISHMENTS.
We cannot forbear alluding to the fine, spacious stores of Easton. Some of these for size, elegance of arrangement, and stocks of goods, would do credit to Philadelphia or New York. This is especially true of those on Northampton and Third streets. These stores are not only au ornament to the place, and source of much business, but a great attraction and convenience to strangers and students, who come here for a longer or shorter period of residence.
A CITY UPON THE HILL-TOPS.
Glancing across the Delaware River from Easton, you see what appears to be a suburb of the latter, a community with their dwellings perched upon the hilltops, and some of them seemingly suspended upon the very edge of the rocky cliffs, or nestled in the banks like the habitations of the swallows.
This is Phillipsburg, a city of some 8,000 inhabitants, a great Railroad center, and containing a large amount of manufacturing, including furnaces, foundries, rolling mills, iron bridge works; also works for sewerage and gas pipes, Russia iron, malleable iron, steam boilers, agricultural implements, &c., &c. You see but a portion of the town from any one point, and no one would imagine, without going overit, that it contained one-half the population which it is known to have.
Four or five railroads terminate here, or pass through this picturesque and enterprising town. The Lehigh Valley, Delaware & Lackawanna, New Jersey Central, Pennsylvania Central, and a branch or extension of the Lehigh Valley to Amboy. Phillipsburg is situated in Warren county, New Jersey, although to all intents' and purposes a part and parcel of Easton. The unity of location and interests of the two places, like that of many other towns in the Union, shows most conclusively, what we have long advocated, that there should be inter-state cities, or a union of adjoining towns of different States for municipal purposes only. One thing is certain, that the people of Easton, solid but a little slow, must take up the challenge thrown out by their neighbors across the river, in the matter of railroads, manufactures, &c\, or their ambitious and honorable rival will make such strides in the next few years, as to leave them far in the rear. Let Easton look as well to her business interests as she has to her literary laurels, and she will sutler no such eclipse—no such shadow to cross her fair fame.	•
STRANGE LIGHTS ARE SEEN.
Coming from Easton in the darkness of night, we pass great iron works, where strong, sinewy men are moving about amid a glare and blaze of light, not like ghosts or Specters, but like true sons of Vulcan, grasping with their stalwart arms huge masses of molten iron, while the air is full of flying scintilla-tions, and streams of liquid fire are seen flowing at their feet.
But as we approach Bethlehem, our attention is suddenly arrested by something more strange and wonderful still. In passing here some hours since, by daylight, we noticed nothing unusual—nothing save some large industrial establishments, so common in this part of the Lehigh Valley. Now we see singular and most beautiful sights—phenomena we should call it, if we were gazing into the realm of nature. Coils and flashes of light dart out of hundreds and thousands of orifices, and with a waving, flickering motion, flash upward in the most brilliant and fantastic forms. Here are all the colors of our flag, or the rainbow itself—the red, white and blue in myriads of shapes and shades, and every possible form and hue that flame can assume.
On inquiry you will learn that you are passing the works of “The Lehigh Zinc Company,” and the wonderful and fascinating sights you have witnessed result from the necessary and ordinary process of roasting the zinc ores preparatory to making them into paints and metallic zinc. They are first crushed and mixed with anthracite coal, subjected to an intense heat iu furnaces or ovens, when the zinc proper is disengaged from all other materials—dross you may call it—and rises in the form of vapor. For metallic zinc, this is condensed by fire-clay conical shaped coolers, into which the zinc vapor is forced or allowed to pass, where it is collected in metallic form and run into blocks of spelter, ready for rolling into sheet zinc, or for other uses.To make the oxide or paint, commonly called “zinc white,” the ores are subjected to a process of roasting1 similar to that for making metallic zinc, which as before reduces the mineral to a vapor. This, instead of being condensed directly, is more completely oxidized by being brought in contact with the atmosphere, through its exhausting and forcing processes by means of chambers and pipes, along which the “vapor” is conducted until it reaches cooling chambers provided with every needed device, where it is collected in the form of a white oxide or “ flower of zinc.” This, after being bolted and prepared for transportation, is the “zinc white” of commerce.
The wonderful lights seen, are tho effects of the partial combustion of the waste gases as they escape in the act of roasting the ores. The whole process is exceedingly interesting, and we should like to give the details, but it is not within the design or limits of these sketches. We will only add that the works at Bethlehem are the oldest in the country, and by far the most extensive; and so excellent is the ore and so complete and efficient their modes of preparing it for tho market, that their products are esteomed among the best in the world, and bring the highest prices in our commercial marts.
THE BETHLEHEM IRON COMPANY.
That large long building, where you see car-loads and streams of molten iron and red hot bars moving in every direction, and nearly in tho center of the immense building, a stream or body of sparks rising like a huge inverted cone, and shooting upward andoutward as though a thousand blacksmith shops were condensed into one—is the great Steel-rail Works, where the pig-iron bars are taken in at one end, and come out at the other the most perfect and finished steel rails, ready for the tracks. And most of the labor is done by skillfully adjusted machinery. The extreme length of the works is between nine and ten hundred feet. They are probably one of the best illustrations of organized effort and improved machinery to be found in the country. Nearly all the shifting from one process to another, and the handling both of material and finished products, is done by skillfully arranged machinery.
THE BEAUTIFUL LEHIGH*.
We have traversed the valley of this river in broad daylight, when astir with business and echoing the rumbling of countless trains ; at the evening twilight, when light and shadow mingled in weired and romantic beauty; and by moonlight, when its waters seemed like a sheen of burnished silver, or an endless mirror,' reflecting on its surface the trees, hills and flying trains, and shifting the scene at every curve in the road and turn of the wheels. Again we have traversed it in the thick darkness of night, when its waters were revealed only by the flashes of lightning, or the scene enlivened by the sparkle and glow of her industrial fires. Yet we never tire ot the sights of this beautiful and romantic stream, with its clear waters and rapid flow, curving and winding amid scenery ever charming and picturesque, andsometimes wild and grand in the highest degree.
From Mauch Chunk to its junction with the Delaware, at Easton, there is such a mixture of nature and art along its borders, as to present something new and attractive at every point, suited to interest the dullest imagination and please the most fastidious taste. The trees and shrubs that adorn its banks and crown them with beauty, have an almost tropical grace and luxuriance of foliage. Here they are seen in grand and stately forms, there in glades and clusters, and anon in densest masses, sweeping down to the very bosom of the waters, reminding one of streams in more southern climes. You almost feel that you are amid the beautiful dream-lands of romance, rather than among the rugged hills and mountains of Northampton and Lehigh.
Characterized briefly, this valley is a hive of industry, being one vast and extended work shop from Easton and Pbillipsburg to Mauch Chunk, ami beyond, the seat of vast mining wealth. More than this; it is not only the home of wealth, but the vale of beauty, often rising to the lofty and sublime.
LEADING TOWNS OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY.
Allentown is the largest place in tho Lehigh Valley proper, and has trte greatest amount of manufacturing and general business. This beautiful and stirring town, blessed with a fine location and most salubrious air, we have described in appropriate terms in another connection. Pennsylvania has few places so prosperous and promising as this. Next to it, Mauch Chuuk, Bethlehem and Easton, are thePp. 65 and 7£-5l.
|The Lehigh Valley, at Freemaosburg.largest and most attractive places in this romantic and justly famed Valley ; the former being noted for its grand and picturesque natural scenery ; and the two latter for both the works of nature and of art. We never visit these beautiful and growing towns, without finding something new to admire, or some object of interest that had been overlooked. Much less can the scenery by which they are surrounded, like a border of magic beauty and endless charms, ever pall upon refined tastes.
FACTS AND INCIDENTS.
On our return trip we learned many things more fully, and others that had escaped our attention or means of knowing altogether. We spoke of seeing a number of prominent chimney stacks off at the West of Bingen station on the “ North Pennsylvania Railroad,” and near the Lehigh Mountains, a side spur of the Blue Ridge. These are a part of the extensive. zinc mine works at Friedensville, four miles from Bethlehem; the ore of which is smelted and refined at tho Bethlehem zinc furnaces to which we have alluded. They have at the mines a pump said to be one of the largest in the world. It weighs 057 tons, and has a capacity for pumping 17,000 gallons of water per minute, from a depth of 300 feet.
The long tunnel, on the “North Penn. Railroad,” between the stations of Perkasie and Quakertown, we learn is 2100, feet or more than a third of a mile in length. It is through a sandy shale ledge, and is cool in the hottest weather. We notice the ladies usually laugh when they emerge from this long darkpassage. Probably it is the effect of reaction after strong nervous excitement, not to say fear, and mostly involuntary.
IMPROVEMENTS AT MAUCH CHUNK.
Since the greater portion of these sketches were written, some marked improvements have been made at the “Switzerland of America.”
THE AMERICAN HOUSE.
This hotel has been enlarged, newly furnished and opened under the proprietorship of Mr. Henry J. Woodring, for eight years the popular clerk of the “Mansion House,” which is a sufficient guarantee that it will be first-class in all its appointments.
MORE WATER IN GLEN ONOKO.
A most commendable project, and one that will greatly add to the many attractions of this glen, is to increase the volume of water and permanency of the supply. This is now being done by leading other streams into the one hitherto supplying the glen, uniting their waters on the summit above, and thus greatly adding to the beauty of the numerous and attractive falls. The great drawback hitherto has been that at the season when the glen was most visited, there was a lack of water. We have often urged this plan upon the proprietors of Glen Onoko, the Lehigh Valley It. It. Co., and it affords us much satisfaction to learn that it is being carried out. This glen is a very attractive spot, and will grow in the public favor in years to come.THE “TIP-TOP” HOUSE.
IA a former edition, we referred to the purpose of Mr. E. T. Booth,proprietor of the “Mansion House,” to build a summer boarding house on the top of Mt. Esser, the eastern peak of the mountains back of his present hotel; the same to be tour stories high, very attractive in its style and appointments, and sufficiently spacious to accommodate three hundred guests. This house was to be reached by a road diverging from the highway leading to Packerton, at the right point, and gracefully and gently winding to the top; and then as gradually descending on the other side, until it reached the road leading to upper Mauch Chuuk. The road has been constructed, and the hotel, delayed only by tho financial disturbance, is soon to be erected. When completed, this will be a place that for the purity of the air and beauty of the scenery can hardly be excelled in the country.
On pp. 46, 47 and 78, will be found a description of this scenery, with all its varying loveliness and transcendent glories.
“LANARK”—A QUIET RETREAT.
In the beautiful valley of the upper Saucon, just after descending the Lehigh Mountains, on the old turnpike from Allentown to Philadelphia, nestled under the shadow of the grand elevation referred to, is “ Lanark,” one of the most retired and delightful summer resorts within one hundred miles of Philadelphia or New York. We had heard it spoken of repeatedly, but never quite understood its locality orattractions, until recently, when we took special pains to look it up. It is amid such surroundings, and so completely embosomed in shade-trees and shrubs, that one is in danger of missing the prize he is hunt, ing for This grateful retreat is a large farm-house of the gothic-cottage-style, capable of accommodating some 25 persons only, besides their family and " help. ”
THE CHOICEST FRUIT.'
There is a farm of 110 acres, of the finest valley land attached to the premises, on which is grown an abundance of fruits of almost every variety known to this climate, and to which the guests have the freest access. Mr. Charles Whitman, the proprietor, is a genial kind-hearted gentleman, a little past the middle age, who seems to think that his fresh milk and vegetables, abundant fruit, and the choice farm-fare, which he provides for his guests, together with the pure air and fine locution, will draw all the boarders he can accommodate. Thus far his success seems to justify tho presumption. The present season (1874) he has been compelled to turn away many applicants. Among his guests were several families from Boston, and these spokes, (or spokesmen) from the great “ Hub,” promise to fill Mr. Whitman’s house, with their friends alone, next year, if he will permit them to do so. Was ever man before burdened with such generous patrons and proffered kindness?
MAGNIFICENT SHADE TREES.
Lanark has a great variety of luxuriant and beau-WHAT TO SEE.	85
tiful shade-trees, being especially rich in evergreens, and that most graceful of the larch species, the American tamarack. We saw here the noblest specimens of the white pine (second growth) that we have found in Pennsylvania. Many of the lower limbs, smooth and taper, sweep gracefully out to the distance of nearly thirty feet. Some of these trees in symmetry and elegance are patterns of beauty.
This “resort” is four miles from Allentown, seven from Bethlehem, three from “Center Valley,” the nearest station on the “North Penn.” R. R., and about fifty miles from Philadelphia. Among the attractions in this vicinity, including delightful rides, walks and fine scenery, is “Bower’s” or Prospect Rock, on the Lehigh Mountains, about one-half mile distant, from which may he had one of the finest views in the State of Pennsylvania.
Lanark is in Lehigh County, Upper Saucon Township—there being a post-office on the premises of the same name.
We should have mentioned the fact, that the place is supplied with the purest mountain spring water, soft and impregnated with iron, so as to make it a fine tonic, without injuring its flavor.TRIP NUMBER TWO.
TO “ WATKINS ” AND LAKE SENECA-
The direct and favorite route from Philadelphia to Watkins and Havana Glens, Lake Seneca and Clifton Springs, is via the “ North Penn.” 56 miles to Bethlehem; the Lehigh Valley Railroad to Waverly, N. Y., 194 miles; Erie Railroad to Elmira, 18 miles; Northern Central Railroad to Watkins, 22 miles; Seneca Lake Steamers to Geneva, 38 miles; New York Central Railroad to Clifton Springs, 12 miles. The whole distance to Watkins Glen by this route is 290 miles, to Clifton Springs, 340 miles.
You leave the depot at Berks and American Sts., at 8-30, in the morning, reach Bethlehem at 10-30, Mauch Chunk at 11-45, Elmira at 6-30, P. M., and Watkins at 7-45 in the evening, making the whole distance in eleven hours and a quarter, with but one change of cars, which is at Elmira.
FAMILIAR 8CENES-
The hour of starting (8-30 A. M.), affords ample time for breakfast and preparation for the trip, from which we anticipate much pleasure, and not a little benefit to our health.
The first part of the route is over familiar ground, but the earth clothed with the beauty of Summer— the substantial farm-house, or costly mansion, which peer from the valleys or crown the hill-tops—the stir and thrift seen among the busy haunts of men, and especially the industrial labors and improvementsevery where going on, always presents something new and attractive to the observing and thoughtful mind. Add to this the desire and expectation of seeing new places, and of enjoying a great treat at the end of our trip, and there is no lack of interest in the journey. On the “North Penn.” we never tire in gazing at the fertile fields, beautiful groves, the iron furnaces and rolling mills, and the fresh and growing villages. In the Lehigh Valley, we survey with renewed admiration her wonderful and ever attractive scenery, her waving fields of grain, her grand establishments for making and utilizing iron, where one-fourth of all the iron made in the country is turned out, and of such qualij ty as to make it the envy of England ; where rails in such quantity and of such excellence are made, as to lower prices, check importations, and enable our countrymen to weave a net-work of railways all over the Continent, and help belt the world with the iron track of commerce and civilization.
MAGNIFICENT PYROTECHNICS.
We always thrust the head out of the car window to look at those monster furnaces, and in the night time their flashing, blazing light and crackling noise, are far more brilliant and enjoyable than any Fourth of July pyrotechnics. We pass Bethlehem, it is beautiful, Allentown, it is busy, Mauch Chunk, it is as wild, grand, and romantic as ever, the passengers •training their eyes to see Pisgah, the Inclined Plane, coal shoots, Ac. Here we pass Onoko Glen, which modestly hides her attractions amid the hills and trees yonder, but we see crowds constantly movinghither to pay court to the fair Queen. Now we come to new ground. We have left the fertile vales of the lower Lehigh Valley, and the land of farms, industrial establishments and villages, but more wild and picturesque sights could not greet the eye ! How we curve and zigzag amid the precipitous, rugged, grand mountain peaks, sometimes almost passing around and under them ! What if our train should take a notion to jump from one of these cliffs whose steep sides we cling to, and rush along as a fly moves on the ceiling ? But then accidents rarely if ever happen here, collisions, almost never, and there is just danger enough to make it a little exciting, and spice the trip with novelty and adventure. But we have reached the
PENN HAVEN JUNCTION.
[Philadelphia 97 miles. New York 18 miles. ]
Here those who go to Mahanoy, Hazelton, &c., change cars. We see but little that is attractive, except the ’cheering fact that the cars will take us speedily from it, and bring us to more beautiful and fertile lands.
We pass Stony Creek, (which name reminds us of the brook trout, speckled beauties that abound here, of the taking of which we give a picture), Roekport, Mud Run, and the Tannery, and at 1-10 P. M. reach
WHITE HAVEN.
[Philadelphia 115 mile*. New York 14fi mile*.]
It is just where we leave the Lehigh Valley to cross the mountains into the Wyoming and Susquehanna Valleys.Trout Fishing on the Upper Lehigh.
P. 88.First Glimpse of the Wyoming Valley.	p	39We look around and see good houses and quite a large and prosperous village, but observe nothing for the people to live upon except saw dust. Yet we dine here, get a good meal, and notice that the people look well fed. Even the bear that stalks out of his pen every few minutes on our left, is in good condition. Bruin seems disposed to entertain us with such gymnastic feats as he is muster of, one of which, a spring at a venturesome passenger, came near being something more than amusement.
Nearly forty million feet of lumber is manufactured here annually, chiefly hemlock. When it is all sawed up, which is in a fair way of being speedily accomplished, the people will certainly have to emigrate, unless they discover mineral riches to employ and support them.
CROSSING THE MOUNTAINS.
At this point, the New Jersey Central, (Lehigh and Susquehanna Division,) which from Bethlehem takes turns with the Lehigh Valley Railroad in passing and repassing the river, and in following its winding course, parts company in crossiug the mountains, although it passes under the track of the Lehigh Valley Road, at a lower grade, several times. We pass this little station, Moosehead, near which mineral paint is manufactured, also Fairviexv, where we cross the track of the N. J. C. R. R., Newport just beyond the summit, and have the first glimpse of the far-fomed Wyoming Valley ; now a turn in the road, and now another brings the whole magnificent valley, its towns, villages and most charming scenery before us. Fromthe left or south it stretches away on our right towards the north, far as the eye can reach, to a notch in the mountains. As it reposes there in quiet and tranquil beauty, of boundless fertility and resources, with a purple halo, soft and mellow as the first tints of morning, and rich as the golden hues of sunset, resting upon mountain and valley, the low hill-top and the fair habitations of man, upon groves, farms, and waving fields of grain, covering and beautifying each object as with a transparent veil—it can be seen and enjoyed, filling the soul with refined and exquisite pleasure, and the imagination and taste with transports of delight, but it can no more be described than made by man. We can only say that it is emphatically “Fair Wyoming,” unique, looking like itself and no other spot, as fertile and rich in mineral resources as it is beautiful to behold.
THE CONTRAST.
But as we gaze at its now peaceful vales, teeming with industries, and abounding in every privilege, comfort and refinement that heart could wish, the mind involuntarily reverts to its past history, and the memories and traditions of a people furnishing a chapter as romantic and tragic as any in the annals of the race.
We need not here repeat their history. For who does not know how they came here, what they endured in the hardships of a remote wilderness, what they suffered from savage and civilized foes, and how they purchased this beautiful spot which they regarded as a second paradise, with suffering and blood, to leave it mostly as it is to-day, in the hands of intruders andstrangers ? So it is. One shall plant and suffer, and another reap and rejoice. Nothing is permanent in this world.
THE LAND OF ROMANCE.
Many a legend and romance have we read in our youth, whose scene was laid amid these lair and lovely vales, illustrating in graphic terms the tragic and thrilling history of its people The fame of its beauty and fertility, and the sufferings of the early dwellers here, traveled to foreign lands, and Campbell, in his “ Gertrude of Wyoming,” has celebrated their virtues and their sufferings, and made it classic ground. We quote the first verse or peroration of this pastoral romance, as beautifully descriptive of the spot:
“On Susquehanna’s sid>, Fair Wyoming!
Although the wild flowers o’er thy ruined wall,
And roofless homos, a sad remembrance bring Of what thy gentle people did befall;
Yet thou were once the loveliest land of all That see the Atlantic waver their morn restore."
As we move down the mountain side, let gracefully and smoothly down, winding, turning, gliding onward and downward, we are regaled and almost transported with delight at every new turn, with the sight of some of the finest scenery in the land, if not the world, not wild, but fertile, varied and transcendency beautiful. We pass Warrior Run, named such from the early struggles here; Sugar Notch, (formerly called Sugar Notch Colliery), named originally from the sugar maple that once abounded here; also South Wilkes-Barre, and at 2.20, P. M., reach the station at 7WILKES-BARRE.
[Philadelphia, 144 miles. New York, 176 miles.]
The tourist should not stop here less than three days; and to visit the numerous points of interest, make a tour of inspection to the coal mines, and do justice to himself and the many attractions of this city and the charming valley, in which it is located— his stay should be prolonged to as many weeks. But we must hasten, for we can only give a brief summary—a running sketch—of what is before us. We pass East and West Pittston, where coal mining is an immense industry, absorbing every other enterprise,—still on the beautiful Susquehauna, but leaving the great coal field which here bends to the right, following a tributary, the Lackawanna, to the far famed city and mines of Scranton. Here we pass through the upper notch of the Wyoming Valle}’, woven thick with the threads of history, and the traditions of bloody deeds, and sad memories of the early days, and presently reach—
TUNCKUANNOCK.
[Philadelphia, 176 inlies. New York, 208 milee.]
It is a thrifty town of some 1500 inhabitants, and has a picturesque and attractive location. From here a railroad of narrow gauge extends to Montrose, a distance of twenty-seven miles. Just beyond this place, we make a fine bend in the Susquehanna, and others almost equal to it at many points. Wo pass Laceyville and many smaller towns, or rather stations, and sweeping around a magnificent bend of the Susquehanna, come suddenly upon what lookslike a large town, and certainly a most attractive one in its location, which we learn is—
TOWANDA.
[Philadelphia, 230 miles. New York, 262 miles.]
It is a place of 5,000 inhabitants, though it looks much larger, as you approach it, and in its romantic and beautiful situation leaves nothing to be desired. Unfortunately for the place, and to the loss of the * P. & N. Y. C. & R. R. Co., its principal means of transit, and now controlled by the Lehigh Valley Co., the Railroad does not pass through the town, but crosses the river some distance above it. It is to be hoped that ere long the mistake will be repaired, and this beautiful and prosperous town have all those facilities of freight and travel, which it could turn to sO good account. The principal Hotels of Towanda are the “ Ward House " and “ Means Hotel.” There is another Railroad running from this place westward to the Semi-bituminous coal mines, which is designed to connect with the “ Northern Central ” at Canton, Bradford County.
The next large town after leaving Towanda is Athens, a place of about 3,000 inhabitants, and noted not only for business and various modern improvements, but for its connection with the early indian wars.
It was here, at the junction of the Tioga or Chemung river that Sullivan met Clinton, and made it his grand rendezvous in his celebrated expedition against the Six Nations, breaking their power never to be recovered.
We now come to the last station of this road inthe State of Pennsylvania. It is a small but very attractive one, called—
SAYRE.
[Philadelphia, 247 miles. New York, 279 miles.]
It is named after Mr. Robert H. Sayre, the President of this division of the Lehigh Valley R. R., and is the Southern terminus of the “ Geneva, Ithaca and Athens Railroad,” and of the “Southern Central Railroad,” which passes through Owego and Auburn to Fair Haven, on Lake Ontario. We next come to
W.AVERLY.
[Philadelphia, 249 miles. New York, via “Erie R. K , 256 miles.]
This is the first station in New York State, and the point where the Northern division of the Lehigh Valley Road strikes the famous Erie Railroad. Over this road, the Lehigh Valley Company have a third rail, and run their cars to Elmira. Waverly is a fine solid town of some 4,000 inhabitants, interesting chiefly as the junction of two noted Railroads, and for being located on the borders of two great states, the most populous and powerful in fact of any in the Union. As you stand upon the boundaries of two states, or pass from one to the other, it calls up many thoughts of comparison and contrast, and of associated geographic and historic ideas. The next place of importance is—
ELMIRA.
[Philadelphia, 267 mile*. [New York, 673 milea.J
This is one of the most enterprising and growing cities in southern central New York. The locationGlen Mountain House and Wire Bridge, Watkins Glen, N. Y.	P.	95.of the city- is a most delightful aud feasible oue, while it is surrounded by hills that afford scenery of great beauty and fertility. After leaving Elmira, and among other things, that home of the tourist— “ The Hathaway House,” kept by that genial and courteous gentleman, S. H. Wadsworth, there is nothing of especial interest until you reach the seat of the most wonderful and renowned Glen in America—
WATKINS.
[Philadelphia, 289 miles. [New York, 295 miles.]
Here you will find at the Glen Mountain House, one of the best homes any where to be realized in hotel life, at prices that should put to blush many of those who at other popular resorts cater to the public tastes, but most of all to their own purses and insatiate lust of greed. Here, also, you may spend most delightfully and profitably, from one day to several weeks, in viewing the works aud wonders of nature, and opening some of her most instructive pages, and in learning and pondering her profoundest lessons.
There are some dozen wonderful and most attractive glens surrounding Lake Seneca, the climax of which is Watkins, bordering and beautifying as they do that almost matchless sheet of water, like a chain of pearls around the neck of a fair lady. The views of the lake, and especially a ride across its clear waters to Geneva, is the crowning attraction of this region.
NOT TO BE PASSED BY.
Just as you start from the “ Glen Mountain House” for the upper glens, you come to the “ Art Gallery”of Capt. James Hope, who is at the head of forest and glen painting in this country, and we believe, in the world.

He has here a collection of over one hundred
choice paintings, nearly all by his own hand. His
givat masterpiece, “Rainbow Falls” is worth going
a hundred miles to see. The admission fee is but a
trifle, and not to go in would be to miss one of the
best things to be found at Watkins or in the country.
NAMES OF THE GLENS.
We have referred to the numerous glens that border Lake Seneca. We ought, perhaps, to. specify a few of these. Among others of more or less interest, is Havana, Excelsior, and Eldridge glens. “ Hector Falls,” is only another name for a glen. Besides these, there are many of more or less attractions. The most noted of all, next to Watkins, is Havana Glen, greatly admired, and visited by many thousands annually.
SENECA LAKE.
Of all the many attractions in the vicinity of “ Watkins,” not the least are the views and a ride upon Lake Seneca. During the season of pleasure travel, three trips each way are made daily, between Watkins and Geneva, in fine boats, with polite officers, the best of fare, and views that, will satisfy the most ardent aud fastidious lovers of nature. No wonder that Perceval was inspired to write his immortal words, beginning:
“ On thy fair bosom silver lake.”—
A wonderful fact is, that this lake never freezesRainbow Falls, Watkins Gleu, N. Y.over, and the boats make two trips each day in the winter season.
The distance is reckoned at forty miles from Watkins to
GENEVA.
[Philadelphia, 328 miles. New York, 342; via N. Y. ( R. R. A C.]
This is an old, rich and solid town, of some 7,000 inhabitants, the seat of several colleges, and of no small amount of business, but nothing compared with what its locations and ample resources warrant. Some day this place will take a start, and develop a growth that will astonish even the people of this enterprising State. Now, Geneva is noted for the amount and great excellence of its nurseries. In this important industry, to which t^ns of thousands of acres are devoted, and hundreds of thousands, and we might say millions of capital, it is claimed not only to lead this country, but the world. The superiority of their trees is generally conceded. The leading hotel here is the Franklin House. Twelve miles from Geneva is that noted resort,
CLIFTON SPRINGS.
[Philadelphia, 340 mile*. New York, 354 miles.]
It is known in all parts of this country, and its fame has reached the distant shores of Europe. The leading element in the Springs is white sulphur; but the leading attraction is, the “ Cold Water Cure,” or Sanitarium of Dr. Henry Foster. We cannot here fully describe it, or explain the plan on which it is founded, but a leading feature of the “Cure,” is the spiritual element. In one sentence, the principle is:“ The patient must be brought into his normal relations with God, before be can expect the best success in attaining the normal conditions of health.”
TRIP NUMBER THREE.
FROM GENEVA TO ITHACA, CAYUGA LAKE, AND HOME.
[Ithaca N. Y.—Philadelphia, 284 wilue. New York, 269 miles.]
Returning to Geneva, we concluded to visit the region of Cayuga Lake, and seat of the famous Cornell University, at Ithaca. We had read something and heard much, respecting this beautiful locality, and determined to gratify a desire long entertained, of seeing it with our own eyes.
WHERE “NEAUNESrt” LENDS ENCHANTMENT.
Seeing, in this instance, did not break the enchantment, woven around the imagination, as is too often the case, but the objects fully realized our anticipations, though not in the exact form that the pictures had taken in the conceptions of the mind.
We were in doubt whether to take the “Geneva, Ithaca and Athens Railroad,” and pass over the high and most fertile ami attractive region between Seneca and Cayuga—twin lakes of matchless and almost equal beauty—to Ithaca; or go by way of Cayuga Bridge, and “sail” with a “locomotive” down theEastern border of this now accessible and most beautiful sheet of water. We adopted the latter route. ■It would seem as though the “ Cayuga Lake R. R.” was made expressly to show off this lake. It follows most faithfully the picturesque and graceful curves of the lake, making the circuit of every depression and projecting cliff, and affording the most delightful ride, and views o*f lake and land scenery, that we have enjoyed in this country.
A RARE COMBINATION.
The North end of the lake is not especially attractive. But the main portion of it—its bold, rocky bluffs, and beautiful receding vales, having the clear placid waters of the winding, ever-varying lake as the central figure; lake and shore, shore and lake, each increasing the beauty of the other, crowned and guarded, as it were, by that gem of a city, Ithaca,— affords a combination not often equalled, and still more seldom excelled.	ft
A CITY THAT DESERVES A BOOK.
We should like to write a volume respecting “ The Lake and Glen system of Central New York,” and the growing and beautiful towns and excellent hotels that make it such a charming region to visit, and will one day make it a most popular resort. Ithaca alone* deserves to have a whole book, instead of a hasty chapter, written respecting it, whether we consider its beautiful location, its business, its noted schools and colleges, or the fine lake scenery and scenes of mostattractive and even wonderful glens and water-falls, in its immediate vicinity.
TAKEN “INN,” YET NOT “TAKEN IN.”
Strangers who come here, are not “ taken in,” according to the too common meaning of this term, but they are taken “ Inn,” in the very best sense of the word, and well cared for at the “Ithaca Hotel,” and “ Clinton House,” and we know not how many more places.
A friend of the writer, who spent the season here with his family, stopping at the Ithaca Hotel, kept by Messrs. Sherman & Sons, has come away delighted with the place, the fare, and the reasonable rates for board, horse hire, &c.
WHAT TALENT AND ENERGY CAN ACCOMPLISH.
Its now numerous and excellent system of Railroads, have done much to add to the prosperity and . convenience of the place. This is notably true of the * Geneva, Ithaca and Athens Railroad. Not a little of the popularity and success of this road, is due to the efforts of its freight and general agent, Mr. J. R. Hixson, a graduate of Lafayette College, and better still, a graduate of business and gentlemanly courtesy. A leading spirit in this company, and in all enterprises for building up Central New York, is Ezra Cornell, largely the projector of the Railroads of this region, and the founder and controlling mind of the University that bears his name.
At another time, and under more favorable auspices, we hope to do better justice to this region ofcountry, which, with its charming scenery, and fine towns and cities, has so much to interest the tourist, whether a seeker of “ health and pleasure,” or a man of business. Ithaca has about 12,000 inhabitants, and is a place of great intelligence and public spirit.
We return by way of Van Ettenville, Horse Heads, (going over a wild and romantic route), Elmira, “ Miuuequa Springs,” Williamsport, Sunbury, Harrisburg and Lancaster, to Philadelphia.
TRIP NUMBER FOUR.
FROM “WATKINS,” N.Y., TO CRYSTAL SPRINGS, YATES CO., (VIA NORTHERN CENTRAL R. R.)
Being at Watkins Glen,—where we go as often as we can find time, to commune with nature in her most sublime and wonderful moods, and to feast upon tbe works of that great master of Glen and Forest Painting, Capt. James Hope—we were urged, by a prominent citizen of the place, to pay a visit to "Crystal Spring*” a resort, as yet, new to us, so far as having any personal knowledge of it. Its attractions were so vividly described, that we concluded to make it the subject of a special trip.
We took cars at Watkins, over the N. C. R. R., a division of the “ Pennsylvania Central,” to Starkey, a distance of twelve miles.This part of our route was over familiar ground, but the magnificent views along Lake Seneca always present new attractions, and are a perpetual feast to the lover of the picturesque and beautiful in nature. At Starkey, the view of the lake and its Eastern shore, is one of surpassing lovliness, both at the station and as you ascend the hills to the west of it.
A DELIGHTFUL RIDE.
From Starkey the distance is eight miles, and the conveyance by stage; the proprietors of the “ Springs,” Messrs. Wright & Smith, running the stage, and also having a Post Office in their establishment.
In this instance, “staging” is no hardship at all. The distance is so short, the road such a gently ascending grade, and withal, the coaches are so easy, that it is rather an agreeable change and a delight. The route lies through the beautiful rolling region between Seneca and Keuka lakes, in the midst of one of the finest fruit and grape growing sections of the country. The whole distance is through a region rich and fertile as a garden, and beautiful almost as Paradise itself, (if we know how that looked.)
NEAR THE FAMOUS WINE-MAKING REGION.
Crystal Springs are within five or six miles of Hammondsport, on Lake Keuka, whose grape culture and wine making are known the world over. Their wine have taken the first premiums in Europe, a fact of which we feel proud, though not a wine drinker.
Ten years ago, Crystal Springs were not in exist-ence. Their discovery, like most other valuable things, was purely accidental, yet connected with most interesting circumstances. There were indications of coal oil in the vicinity, the ground when punctured emitting gas, pure and strong enough to produce a flame; borings were made, and when about sixty or seventy feet down, they struck, not “ ile,” but water, in such quantities as to obstruct and almost stop their work. The water, which proved to be a real artesian well, rose to considerable height, and was found strongly impregnated with sulphur and other gases. Every effort at boring brought similar results, and they were obliged to give up the experiment and leave the oil, if there is any there, to more skilled appliances, and lucky adventurers.
A “strike” better than “oil.”
But the result was something still better than burning fluid. Several of the workmen who bad humors, skin diseases, and difficulties of the kidneys, found themselves suddenly cured by working in the water, and using it for drink. The neighbors tried it and the same wonderful results followed. Persons began to come from a distance, and they too were cured.
Mr. Smith, then sole proprietor, after filling his house and out buildings to overflowing, built, with his partner, Mr. Wright, a large and elegant four-story edifice, with tine piazzas and most delightful surroundings. Having accommodations for about 100 persons, they usually find themselves full, sometimes overflowing. In addition to the sick, who gothere purely or chiefly for their health, they have a large and highly respectable class who resort here for pleasure, or to be cured of slight ailments. The fertility and beauty of the region, the attractions provided for the guests, and excellent board at most reasonable rates, (from eight to ten dollars per week) give Crystal Springs a large and increasing patronage. The waters impregnated with white sulphur, iron, magnesia, &c., chiefly in the gaseous form, are found efficacious, have an excellent reputation, and from all we could learn have not been overrated.
MEDICAL ATTENDANCE FREE.
There is a resident physician here, who spends his whole time with the guests, in the application of the water in the form of baths, etc., and in other modes of treatment suited to the complaints of the patients, and for which no extra charge is made.
To those visiting Watkins Glen and Lakes Seneca and Cayuga, whether for health or pleasure, it will pay to make the delightful trip to “Crystal Springs.”
The fine vineyards and abundance of fruit in this locality, would be found a great attraction to many.
If afflicted with disease, especially dyspepsia or inveterate scrofula, it may prove to such the fountain. of “ healing waters.”A MOST ATTRACTIVE ROUTE,
VIA THE “PENNSYLVANIA CENTRAL,” AND BRANCHES, TO WATKINS, LAKE SENECA, ITHACA, ETC.
One should go or return by this route, which is through one of the most fertile and delightful regions in the country. Lancaster County is a garden, and a perfect hive of agricultural and manufacturing industry. Dauphin County, and the valley of the west branch of the Susquehanna, are hardly excelled for quiet beauty and fertility.
Williamsport is worthy of a week’s stay and careful inspection, making head-quarters, of course, at the “ Herdic House.” As to—
MINNEQUA SPRINGS,
Everybody in Pennsylvania has not yet seen this place. But those who have not, have thus far missed one of the greatest “Institutions” of the Keystone State—whether we regard the healing virtues of the “Springs,” the scenery, or the large—we may say vast—number of intelligent, and every way most respectable people who gather here. The visitors of this establishment, which is a village in itself, are like the bees; they try its excellent fare and curative waters, and go away pud bring their friends back with them. Yet it is all the work of five years. In this short space of time, a wilderness has been transformed into a most attractive and popular place of resort, although the virtue and ^efficacy of the waters of the Springs had been known for many years.AN ENTERPRISING AND SUCCESSFUL MAN.
Perhaps, Peter Herdic is the only man in Pennsylvania, who could have accomplished so much in so short a time. Such a firm and enthusiastic a believer in the spring water, is Mr. Herdic, that he makes the standing offer, “ To pay the fare and give the board, of any whom this water, fairly tried, does not benefit —they, themselves, being the judges.” ‘‘ Miunequa” is, in all respects, a complete success. It is less than ten hours ride from Philadelphia, by the “Pennsylvania Central" by the “ North Penn.,” “ Lehigh Valley,” Ac., but a little more than eleven. It is about twelve hours from New’ York. People are found here from nearly all the leading towns of the State, and other portions of the country are well represented.
BRANCHES OF THE “NORTH PENN.” R. R.
THE DOYLESTOWN BRANCH.
This branch is a little over teu miles long, connecting with the main road at Lausdala It extends through one of the finest portions of Bucks County, and in fact, of the State. The principal town is Doylestown, the County seat, and a borough of some 2,500 inhabitants. It has a fine healthful location, a National Bauk, several Churches, a Court House and Jail, and better still, two first-class Seminaries, beautifully located, and in a flourishing conditions. One of these is a school for both sexes, under the influence of Friende; the other, for girls only, is calledViudeu Y'eiuuAe Htlulnary , iKt^luluvtU, l'a.
Pp. 106,107.LINDEN FEMALE SEMINARY.
The latter is situated in a new and beautiful portion of the town, has a fine building on an open elevated site, affording pure and healthful air, and commanding some of the finest scenery, and most highly cultivated portions of the county. It is under the control and instruction of two thoroughly competent Christian gentlemen, cheerfully and enthusiastically devoted to their important work, who combine faithful instruction, gentle but firm discipline, and parental kindness, with rare tact and the best of results. We know of no place in the vicinity of Philadelphia, where young ladies can be more safely intrusted, or better trained for happiness and the responsibilities of life. This town ought, and we predict will become noted for the number and excellence of its schools.
soldiers’ monument.
V
A noticeable feature of this borough is, the fine Soldiers’ Monument, situated on Main street in the heart of the town. It is of marble, some fifty feet high, and erected in honor of the 104th regiment, and especially of those who fell in the numerous battles inscribed on this beautiful memorial column.
THE LEADING HOTELS.
Not the least important feature of the place, and especially to the traveling public, is its excellent hotels, of which' there are six or eight. The two leading Public Houses are the Corson Hotel and Cowell House. The former is situated at the junctionof State and Main streets, has a central location, is four stories high, with a fine mansard roof, is well furbished, and we were told sets a superb table at the low price of two dollars and fifty cents per day. This hotel is fitted up for “summer borders,” has pleasant and spacious rooms, from one of which, the proprietor Mr. Corson, pointed out the site of the grave of the celebrated Indian Chief “Tammany,” the patron saint of so many political and other associations.
The Cowell House, kept by Mr. Miller, is finely located on Court street, nearly opposite the Court House, is well furnished and kept, and charging the same low rates of fare as the Corson Hotel, it is not surprising that it is well patronized. Its elevated location, being on the highest street of the town, and about one hundred and fifty feet above the level of the streams, gives it the most pure and healthful air.
OTHER HOTELS, AC.
There are other good hotels and private boarding houses, including Mr. Smith’s Seminary, the first mentioned above, which takes boarders during the long sum-mer vacation. While many Philadelphians are making their homes here, or boarding during the hot season, we are surprised that there are not five where there is now one, especially when we remember its nearness to Philadelphia, its pure atmosphere, fine scenery, and many other attractions.
The people of this borough are provided with waterworks, gas, a fine spacious building for a Public Hall and Market, now nearly complete, and in Bhort, with almost every attraction and convenience of our liveand growing rural towns. It is thirty-two miles from Philadelphia, and has four trains each way, daily. Doylestown is noted for the excellent Fairs which are held here yearly for the County of Bucks, the Fair grounds containing nearly forty acres, being finely located south-west of the town.
THE MOST BEAUTIFUL RESIDENCE.
We ought to mention as a matter of interest to strangers visiting the place, the beautiful grounds and residence of Mrs. T. Bigelow Lawrence, situated north of the borough on the old road from Philadelphia to Easton, which is here a continuation of Main street. Mrs. Lawrence is a daughter of Judge Chapman of this State, and her late husband, who was at one time Consul at Florence, was a member of the celebrated Lawrence family of Massachusetts. Her residence and grounds are the finest in the vicinity of Doylestown, and well repay a visit and inspection from persons of taste, especially in rural architecture.
THE HATBOROUGH BRANCH. *
This is the “ North-east Penn. R. R.,” now owned and run as a branch by the “North Penn.” Its entire length is about ten miles, just enteriug the borders of Bucks county, the main part being in Montgomery county. It is operated at present only to Bouair, a distance of seven miles. It begins at Ahiugton, aud terminates at what is called “The Bristol Road.’'
This branch runs through n highly cultivated andfertile region of country, every acre of which is not only fit for tillage, but the whole distance furnishes the most delightful sites for rural residences and beautiful homes. Though this road has been open but little more than two years, our surprise is that the attractive sites are not already extensively taken up and occupied by Philadelphians. The farthest point is hardly eighteen miles, or less than an hour’s ride from the city, while the nearest places are only half the distance, and land and even fine situations are still held at a very low figure.
Goentner’s grove, &c.
This region is so very near to the city, and so attractive, that it is already becoming a favorite place for picnics and excursion parties. There is a grove and platform near Willow Grove Station, about twelve miles from the city, and another at Bouair, called “ Goentner’s Grove.” The latter contains about ten acres, one-half of which is improved with a covered, platform, seat*, numerous tables, &c., sufficient to accommodate the largest excursions. The grove is composed chiefly of oak, hickory and chestnut trees, and the surface of the ground is remarkable smooth, and even. The cars run directly through the grounds and the Bonair Station is but a short distance from the main platform. There are two fine springs near the grove, and a stream of water runs past it, but it is not deep enough to present any danger to the smallest child. No better or safer place, for the “ little folks” to sport and have a fine time, could be desired.
This is not a resort intended for, or that attracts drinking or immoral and disorderly gatherings of anykind; but rather, Sabbath-Schools, pic-nics, private parties, “ The Harvest Home,” and other respectable and moral gatherings. No drinking or gambling is allowed about the premises. It is a beautiful and attractive spot, amid a most fertile and productive portion of Montgomery County, and will doubtless receive, as it deserves, a large and increasing patronage in the future, as its claims become better known. Bonair, the name of the Station, is a musical and prepossessing one. But a short distance from it, Mr. G. J. Mitchell, former president of the road, has a fine residence most delightfully located.
THE CHIEF TOWN.
The principal town on this branch is Hatboro’, which by reason of its importance has given the name to the Railroad itself. It is now a borough in fact as well as in name, although it has l»een such only about two years. The population is nearly six hundred and steadily increasing. The town is built chiefly upon one main street, which is reasonably wide, and about one mile in extent. It is a portion of that very crooked but interesting and historic thoroughfare, so important to our forefathers, “The Old York Road,” it being the war-path of the armies during the Revolutionary war and the stage-road in times of peace. Like the famous road of which it is a part, the main street in the southern portion of the town is winding and irregular, while the central and northern part is quite regular and attractive.
Hatboro’ has a good number of neat, tasty dwellings, the residence of Dr. I. Newton Evans being the most elegant and imposing structure. This house.occupies au elevated and commanding site in the upper part of the borough, and is a leading attraction of the town. The next most beautiful residence is that of Rev. George Hand, which has the finest shade-trees, lawns and shrubbery in the borough, and is both
A SEMINARY AND “SUMMER RESORT.”
It was formerly a school for young ladies only, and after enjoying great prosperity, was discontinued for a while, but has been resumed during the last two yearn, and is now open for the education of both sexes. During the long summer vacation, which is the hot season, the large and convenient building, and withal very pleasant and homelike, is thrown open to summer boarders, having a capacity at present for about forty persons. The table is supplied both from the city markets and from a small farm attached to the premises. We know from personal experience that every attention is paid to the comfort of the guests. With the magnificent shade, including a grove near by, the nearness to the city, (only 15 miles, and four trains each way daily), the excellent fare and very low prices—from six to ten dollars per week according to accommodations—we shall be surprised if this res<»rt is not filled to overflowing the coming season.
THE SCHOOL OF H. MORUOW.
In addition to a graded public school, Hatboro’ has another boarding school for both boys and girls, kept by H. Morrow. A. M. Mr. Morrow has had many years experience, and has the reputation of being a thorough teacher. He takes both boarding and day scholars, and in the long summer vacations,turns his premises into a boarding-house for people from the city.
We notice here as elsewhere, that it is becoming the fashion, and it is a very good one too, to turn our “boarding schools” into “summer resorts,” during the hot months of the year.
A matter of interest to all students of history, and lovers of the mystic past, is a fine monument of marble near the premises of Dr. Evans, in commemoration of an event of the Revolutionary war. A detachment of several hundred men were stationed here by Washington, under the command of Gen. Lacey, to intercept those who supplied the British army, then occupying Philadelphia.
These forces were surprised and captured, aud the monument commemorates those who were slain or taken prisoners near the spot. It was erected by the public spirited citizens of Hatboro!, the land being the gift of W. K. Goentner, proprietor of ‘ Goentner’s Grove.”.
An institution of still more interest and utility to the living, is the large public library of the town and the fine building that contains it. This library numbers over 8,000 volumes and receives semi-annual additions, and is open daily. It is chiefly the result of a donation some twenty-five years sinee, from the late Nathan Holt, aud the gifts and efforts of others, among them 150 share-holders who pay a small sum yearly. We doubt if there is so large a library and fine building, outside of our cities and large towns, in the commonwealth. Hatboro’ has a weekly paper, several churches, numerous stores, a supply of the various trades, &c.y &c. There is also a bank of depositand discouut, kept by S. C. Ball, who is now erecting a tine structure of Ohio sand-stone for the better accommodation of his increasing business.
berrill’s hotel at willow grove.
We have alluded to Willow Grove as a summer resort. We have learned since that was written, that there are two hotels here, a store and other buildings, constituting quite a hamlet. , The hotel connected with the grove and platform, now kept by Mr. Berrill, has been a noted place of summer resort in times past. There is a mineral spring connected with it, which though impregnated with iron, is not unpleasant to the taste.
We have no doubt that with proper efforts, this Hotel may recover its former prestige and profit in catering to the public. Willow Grove, like Hatboro’, is a part of “The Old York Road.
A NEW TOWN—A SECOND VINELAND.
Near the terminus of this Branch Road, aud about two miles beyond Bonair, where the cars now run, a new town has been laid out by Mr. Edwin Lacey, its distance from Philadelphia being a little more than eighteen miles. It is called “ Ivyland,” and is situated on the south, or rather ou the southeast side of the railroad, which runs from southwest to northeast. It has an elevated, open and pleasant situation, fine self-draining ground for streets and cellars, without the necessity for much if any grading, while every part of it is entirely feasible for house-lots. It is regularly laid out, the widest streets are between sixty and seventy feet wide, and the lots 40 feet ormore by about 120. These lots are sold very low, but the purchasers are wisely required to build on them within one year from the time of purchase, or they rt vert to the proprietor of the town.
THE PROHIBITORY CLAUSE.
There is also another proviso of considerable importance to those who make it their home here, or who might be induced to take a look at the place with the object of settling in it. Each title-deed, or obligation to convey the property, contains a clause making the premises liable to revert to the original owner, if at any time liquors are sold, or allowed to be sold, thereon, by their proprietors. In this respect the arrangement is substantially like the one adopted at Vineland and some other places. Of course parents who wish to bring up their children in habits of industry and sobriety, will prefer to move and settle where such a prohibition exists. To those who wish to “pour down” or sell liquors, it would not be the “ paradise” which they will be likely to seek. Neither the proprietor, nor those who settle in his town, will feel the need of such, or desire their presence.
The new town is to have a station on the Railroad, a store is soon to be opened, a hotel is projected, and some half dozen dwellings for actual residents and owners are already erected, or in such a state of forwardness that they will be completed before Christmas. Mr. Lacey is a temperance man, of Quaker descent, enthusiastically devoted to the project. And will he not find a plenty of those who believe with him that prevention is the best possible prohibition, and who will join their capital and their means iu building up a town in the ways ofsobriety, industry, and true progress? We ought to mention that the cars will commence running to the the new town, some time in November.
THE SUM OF THE MATTER.
This whole region of the Hatboro’ Branch is one of great beauty and fertility, and suited not only for general farming, but for gardens, fruit-culture and all branches of horticulture and landscape gardening. As we have made repeated visits to this section, embracing a portion of Montgomery and Bucks Counties, we have been struck with the rare beauty of its surface, with the sup ^abounding fertility of the soil, and the many inviting sites for dwellings. There is scarcely a rough acre, or a lonely forbidding spot, while the number of pleasant and feasible sites is countless.
Not the least recommendation of this attractive region, is the pure air aud abundant supply of fine soft water.	4
THE GREAT SHIPPING COMPANY.
Wm. P. Clyde & Co., a picture of one of whose steamships we here give, are by far the most extensive shippers in America. They have twelve distinct lines, containing upwards of fitly steamships.
They are carriers of goods and products for all our principal ports, and the leading towns of the West Indies. Freight is their chief object, but they also take passengers on most or all of their lines. Their principal offices are in New York and Philadelphia.
The enterprise, integrity and great success of this Company, are an honor to themselves and the country.One of Wm. P. Clyde A Co’s Steamships. P. 116.WHAT TO SEE.
117
FOUNTAIN HILL,
BETHLEHEM, PA.
The undersigned has for sale or lease, a large and varied assortment of Real Estate on this beautiful hill. It is a place of charming homes.
For persons desiring a delightful place of residence, and especially those who have children to educate, there is no community in the country which presents superior attractions. It is in close proximity to the Bishopthorpe School for Young Ladies, and also to the Lehigh University, where tuition is entirely free. .
There is Water and Gas in the streets. The lots are 30 to 50 feet front, and about 150 feet deep. Advances to aid in building, it desired.
Houses always on hand, for sale or to rent.
For further information apply to
TINSLEY JETER,
I
BETHLEHEM, PA.ALLENTOWN FEMALE COLLEGE.
This Institution was founded about seven years ago, under the general direction of a Board of Trustees, aud the auspices of the East Pennsylvania ‘•Classis” of the Reformed Church; it is uot however sectarian, but opeu to all.
ITS OBJECT.
The object of this College is, to judiciously combine excellence in scholarship, and the highest attainment in elegant arts and accomplishments, with a thorough Christian Education. Parents and Guardians, therefore, may, with entire confidence, intrust the most important aud critical years of their daughters to the care of this Institution.
LOCATION.
In point of location, but few schools have the advantage over “ The Allentown Female College.” There is hardly, within the limits of the commonwealth, a site more beautiful aud healthful than that of this College combining the advantages of accessibility and salubrity, beautiful and romantic scenery, with quietness aud adaptability for study.
THE BUILDING.
The building has accommodations for a large number of students from abroad, and is well ordered in all its apartments; vet, so rapid has been the growth of this College that It must soon be enlarged.
THE GOVERNMENT,
is mild, persuasive aud parental, but always efficient, and pupils who will not unite with their teachers in the work of improvement, will not be retained.
CHRISTIAN CULTURE.
This Institution Is a daughter of the Christian Church; hence, Biblical inst-action, and religious culture form a part of the regular course.
PHYSICAL TRAINING.
The health of the pupils and physical development are carefully attended to, by aid of yyiniuutics aud other means.
THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION.
is divided into two Departments; The Acadetnie and Collegiate, embracing all the principal braucbcs of a thorough Christian education.
EXPENSES.
Board, Tuition, Furnished Room, Fuel aud Light, per scholastic
year of forty weeks,	.....	$250	00
Lessons on Piano,	......	48	00
Use of Instrument, -	10	00
DAY PUPILS.
PKK ANNUM.
Collegiate Department, Senior Class, ....	$50	00
,r	Middle	»	-	.	.	.	45	00
“	•* Junior •*	-	-	-	.	40	00
Academic “ English branches, -	-	.	32	00
“	“	“	** with Latin, -	-	$0	00
The scholastic year is divided into three terms, two of 15 and oue of	10
weeks; the Fall term commencing the last Mouday in August.
Each pupil is required to furnish her own towels, napkins and napkin rings, oue pair of sheets aud pillow-cases, a coverlet aud oue blanket.
For catalogue, or other information, address
REV. W. R. JIOFFORD, Prlucipal, Allentown, PaWHAT TO SEE.
119
HL LEH & CO.,
HAVE THE LARGEST
READY-MADE CLOTHING STORE
In the Lehigh Valley, known as “Liou Hall." Their stock embraces Cloths, < 'asaimeres, Satinets, Hosiery, Under-wear, &c., Ac Clothing made to Order. Good Fits Warranted. Also, they are manufacturer s and wholesale dealers in
BOOTS, SHOES, AND RUBBERS,
628 Lion Hall, Hamilton Street, Allentown, Pa, 629120
WHERE TO GO,
BETHLEHEM HOME SCHOOL FOR BOYS.
TERMS:
The school year is divided into four terms of eleven weeks each, with the principal vacation at the close of the summer term.
For Board, Tuition in the English Branches, Washing, Fuel and light, per quarter -------	875	00
For Latin, Greek, German and French, extra, each -	10	OO
For Piano and Violin instructions, each -	-	-	10	00
All students must have their articles of clothing marked.
The course of study is thorough, it being the desire to educate the pupil not only to answer questions, but also to teach each one to think for himself, and, by aid of judicious advice and well tried experience, to form independent conclusions from his own observation.
The Principal wishes to have it particularly understood that all boys under his charge enter not only the schoolroom, but become a part of his own family, to which ne will devote himself with parental interest * thus, as far as possible, those who enter shall want neither paternal affection and counsel, nor a mother’s care and influence.
Term commences August 24th, 1874.
REV. AMBROSE RONDTHAJ.ER, Principal, GEORGE W. PERKIN, A. M., Assistant.
No. 6 High Street, Bethlehem, Pa.
GEORGE W. PERKIN,
No. 37 Broad Street, Bethlehem, Pa.
Keeps constantly ou hand a large assortment of
MISCELLANEOUS, SCHOOL AND BLANK BOOKS
AND
STATIONERY,
Agent for Benton & Bros. Celebrated GOLD PENS.WHAT TO SEE.	121
THE MISSES McCARRELL’S
School For Young Ladies and Children,
EASTON, PENN’A.
The Missies McCarrkll will give personal attention to the care of their Pupils, with the assistance of experienced Lady Teachers and Professors. The course of study will be thorough and comprehensive. A limited number of Pupils received into the family, where they will have the comforts of a refined Christian home.
TERMS—Payable half-yearly in advance.
Board and Tuition in English, per year............
Tuition in French or German, (each,) per year.....
Tuition in Latin,	“	.....
Tuition in Music, Piano and Vocal, (each,) per year Use of Piano,	“
Seat In church at cost.
Terms for Day Scholars, in advance.
Juvenile Department, per quarter Intermediate “	“
Higher English, “	u
English, French and Latin“
French or German,	“
Paintlng,	“
Drawing,	“	••
Boarding Pupils will furnish there own Sheets, Towels and Table Napkins. All articles of Clothing must be distinctly marked.
4^-School Year commences, Thursday, September 10th, 18,4, and closes on Thursday, Juno 17th, 1875, with vacations of two weeks at the Holidays and one week the first of April
88 00 10 00 12 00
25 00 10 00 10 00 5 00
..$300 00 ... 36 00 .. 24 00 .. 75 00 .. 20 00122
WHERE TO GO,
EASTON CLASSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL SCHOOL.
Phis School will open yearly on the last Monday in August.
THE School Hours will be from 9 until, 12 M., and from 1.30 until 4.30 t*. M.
Absence or Tardiness must be accounted for by a written note from parent or guardian.
Every pupil will be treated as an honorable and truthful scholar, but if he manifests a vicious or incorrigible disposition, or is wholly careless of his studies, afier having Iwen admonished, he will be dismissed from the school.
Monthly Re|>orts of the progre>s and conduct of the pupils will be sent to the parents.
Parents and friends of education are respectfully invited to visit the school whenever they think proper.
Pupils will l>e received at any time. No deduction will be made for absence or for leaving before the end of the term, unless by soecial agreement. The object of the school is* to prepare the scholars for business, or to enter any class at college.
The attention of the scholars is constantly called to the study of Comparative Philology.
Special attention is given to Penmanship.
The Text Hooks in the Classical Studies will be adapted to the course at Lafayette College
No extra charge for German, French or any other study.
Tuition per quarter, payable at the middle of the quarter. $20; but when there are two pupils from one family, the terms are $37.50 per quarter.
The school year is divided into four terms. The Quarters will terminate November 14th. 1874: January 30th. April 17th and June 26th, 1875.
B. F. STEM, Principal.
Miss. Sai.lie O. Stem, Assistent.
EASTON, PA.WHAT TO 8EE.
123
TlLA-STOIST ^C-^DDIETVn-ir,
A SCHOOL FOR BOTH SEXES,
Third Street, above Northampton, Easton, Penn’a.
The design of this School Is to aid the Student in obtaining a practical education. It will also be a special object to qualify Young Men and Ladies for teachers.
Those desiring a thorough course of instruction, should give this Institution a trial. The discipline is mild, yet thorough, appealing to the better judgment of the Pupils, and thereby securing the respect oi each.
Recitations accompanied with suitable Lectures and Oral Instructions.
BRANCHES TAUGHT.—Orthography, Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Grammar, Common Geography, Physical Geography, Natural Philosophy, Physiology, Book-keeping, Composition, Mensuration, Surveying, Algebra, Geometry, German, Latin, Greek.
TERMS.
Common Branches, per quarter, (II weeks,) ....
C year (44	"	)...................«.00
“	“ iucluding Science, per quarter, .	.	.	G	w
•i	««	“	*•	year, •	•	43.00
Classics, per quarter,...............................
«	*. year	 ou.uu
Pupils may enter at any time, but charges commence at entrance. No deduction for absence, unless caused by protracted sickness. Students from a distauce will be provided with suitable boarding places. For further particulars apply to
REUBEN H. TBACH, Principal and Proprietor.
RESIDENCE: Spring Garden Street, foot of Mt. Jefferson.
“THE STUDENTS’ BOOK-STORE.”
M. J. RIEGEL,
BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER,
324 Northampton Street,
EASTON PA.
School, Miscellaneous and College Text Books, Blank Bonks, Mathematical Instruments, Ac.124	WHERE	TO	GO,
“Educate your Sons if you would have Worthy Representatives
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE,
EASTON, PA.
Thos. H. Stevens, A. M„ Pres/. Jas. T. Knauss, Sec-
Designed to thoroughly qualify Young Men and Middle-aged Men for the duties pertaining to an Actual Business Life, and the profession of Teaching. It is conceded by all who have visited this Institution aud examined its workings, government, and modes of instruction, that it is the
Most Comprehensive, Thoroughly Practical aud Elaborately Furnished Business College in the Country.
SIX DEPARTMENTS:
Preparatory, Junior, Senior, Business, Telegraph and Normal Writing-each under the control of a Teacher distinguished in his profession, aud giving ADVANTAGES NOT TO BE OBTAINED ELSEWHERE, iu so eminent a degree, among which may be mentioned:
1—Magnitude and Elegance of Building (costing over $125,000.)
2—Superb Ventilation aud Liuht.
S—Toilet Roo us, Wardrobe and Closets for both sexes separately.
4—Thoroughness aud Comprehensiveness of the Course of Study.
5—Facilities for aiding Graduates to Positions in Business.
Among the large number of Young Men who have graduated under
the President’s direction, none are known to be out oj emplot/ineni—more ban 1000 hate amaued Wealth. A good Business Education is capital that no one can take from you—it secures respect aud enhances independence. No investment draws larger interest for the time and money spent. It costs nothing to carry, aud is always marketable.
Parents may feel assured that the moral aud highest interest of their sous will also be carefully guarded.
Fall Term opens August I7tb—Students admitted at any time A*-For further information, or *' Herald of Education,” address
THOS. H. STEVENS, President,
Easton, 1ja.WHAT TO SEE.	125
A new Town--a second "Vineland”
Ivyland, the name of the new town, is on the North East Pennsylvania K. R, now a branch of the “North Penn,” near its terminus at the “ Bristol Road,” so called, aud a little more than eighteen miles from Philadelphia, ft is beautifully located on the Southeast side of the Railroad, rises gradually some fifty leet above it, and is regularly and tastefully laid out. The main streets are over sixty feet wide; the smaller ones forty.
SIZE AND PRICE OF LOTS.
Most of the lots are40 x 120 ft.: some few are larger; while for public buildings a liberal allowauce is made. The price ranges from $60, upwards; there is not one poor lot on the site; for $80, a very dhoice location can be obtained. The lots are nut thus low, to ensure their being speedily taken, and the rapid growth of the place.
CONDITIONS ANNEXED TO THE PURCHASE.
Each purchaser is required to build on his lot within one year from the date of purchase ; on failure to do so, the lot reverts back to the proprietor of the town ; Also the sale of intoxicating liquors is prohibited, and if this provision is violated, by himself or others, the premises thereupon revert to the proprietor.
TERMS OF PAYMENT.
Liberal terms will be made with actual settlers; to all important industral institutions, a generous donation of laud for sites will be made, or other advantages given. Persons with useful trades and industries are invited to come here and look before locating elsewhere.
PROGRESS ALREADY MADE.
Six or eight tasty and substantial buildings, mostly dwellings, will be completed by Christmas. A fine store is already built, and soon to be opened ; a Hotel and “Summer boarding house ” is projected, and other improvements are being made. There is to be a Station opposite to the priucipal street.
A MODEL TOWN.
It is the earnest purpose of the Proprietorto make this a model town a place of industry, temperance and sound morals, so that the intelligent aud thoughtlul parent shall seek it as the place in which to successfully train up his children for the duties of life.
SEND FOR INFORMATION.
The best chances are now open. It is the time to choose. For circular or any information, send to the Proprietor—
EDWIN LACEY,
Wrightstown, Bucks Co., Penn.126
WHERE TO GO,
FREDERICK A. WELDEN,
Has constantly on Hand a line assortment of
BOOKS AND STATIONERY,
A variety of Miscellaneous Books, School and College Tcxt-Books, School and College Stationery, Select Drawing Materials, Fine Pocket Books ; Albums, Pocket Cutlery, Ac.,
Text-books used in the various schools of Bethlehem, and on the most reasonable terms, a specialty.
NO. 9 MAIN ST., BETHLEHEM, PA.
FIRST-CLASS PRINTING OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
27 South Eighth St., entrance on Jayne St.,
ANNUAL REPORTS, CATALOGUES. PRICE LISTS,
CIRCULARS, CARDS. BILL-HEADS, &c.. Printed in neat and attractive styles at very low rates.
Orders and inquiries by mail promptly attended to.
Culbertson & Eache,
STEAM-POWER
PRINTERS,
Philadelphia.