The Society of the Cincinnati IN N KW YORK:. PRINTED FOR PRIVATE DISTRIBUTION. 188 6. I I Formed by the Officers of the American Army of the Revolution, 1783, With Extracts, from the Proceedings of its General Meetings and from the Transactions NEW YORK STATE SOCIETY. JOHN SCHTJYIvBR, Secretary. PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY DOUGLAS TAYLOR. NEW YORK, 1886. CONTENTS. Preface ix Historical Sketch of the Society, } 3 the Institution and > 13 Extracts from the General Meetings, by the President General. . . ) 31 Appendix, Letters of General Heath and Colonel Du Bouchet 72 Officers of the General Society since 1784 74 Officers of the New York State Society since 1783 77 Roll of Members of the New York State Society in 1784 . 79 Roll of Members of the New York State Society in 1788 83 Honorary Members of the New York State Society 85 Extracts from the Transactions of the New York State Society 87 Biographies of the Original Members of the New York State Society. . 149 Descendants admitted by the New York State Society whose ancestor belonged to other State Societies 355 Life Members of the New York State Society 359 Present Officers of the New York State Society 361 Present Members of the New York State Society 362 The Institution Signed by Washington and others 364 List of French Officers 367 INDEX Of the eldest male descendants through the maternal line. PAGE John Tyler Cooper 201 Thomas De Witt Cuyler 337 Anthony Walton White Evans 346 David Van Home Floyd 325 Griffith Pritchard Griffith 343 Wickham Hoffman 1 68 William Swetland Ketchum , 310 John McDougall Laurence 260 Morgan Lewis Livingston 249 John Isaac Plume 329 Paul Ernest Tiemann 248 John Van Vorst 319 John Beekman Westbrook 159 LIST OF PLATES. Washington Frontispiece Knox 12 De Grasse 19 Huntington 21 Verplanck House 25 C. C. Pinckney 47 Thomas Pinckney 74 Van Rensselaer . . . Fairlie Nicholas Fish. Gansevoort. . . . Hamilton Hammond .... Morgan Lewis. Arnold . PAGE. T 99 . 202 . 2IO . 224 . 226 . 248 ERRATA. 48, Male instead of LIST OF PLATES. Washington Frontispiece Knox 12 De Grasse 19 Huntington 21 Verplanck House 25 C. C. Pinckney 47 Thomas Pinckney 74 Van Rensselaer 85 Livingston 9 The Badge 9 2 Gates 9 6 Montgomery 105 LaFayette 112 Ogden us Hamilton Fish 127 Chrystie i?i -Clarkson i73 Wayne 1 7S George Clinton 1 7 7 James Clinton T 79 Cochran l8 Crosby l88 Fairlie 199 Nicholas Fish 202 Gansevoort 210 Hamilton 224 Hammond 226 Morgan Lewis 2 4 8 Arnold 252 McDougall 258 Popham 274 Schuyler 281 St. Clair . 285 Stark 287 Steuben 297 Trumbull 3 J 5 Van Cortlandt 3*9 Varick 33 2 Sullivan 335 Anthony W. White 344 Kosciuszko 346 Willett 348 Tallmadge 357 Rochambeau 3 6 7 PREFACE. Since the organization of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati, resolutions appear upon the minutes, authorizing the publication of their trans actions, on the 9th of February, 1784; 4th of July, 1810; 4th of July, 1828; 4th of July, 1846, and on the 22d of May, 1873, when, on motion of Mr. Crosby, the following was adopted: Resolved, That the Institution of the Society, together with the abstracts of the proceedings of the General Society and the New York State Society down to the present time, also a full list of the members of this Society, together with the revised By-laws, be printed to the number of five hundred copies, under the direction of the Secretary. The Secretary at that time, Marinus Willett, reported that the full list of members accredited to New York could not be correctly ascertained from the fact that the original roll was lost. The Society then appointed Mr. Schuyler, Mr. Tapp and the Secretary a Committee to ascertain and verify the names of the original members of the New York State Society, and they, after corre sponding with the descendants of several of the former Secretaries, succeeded in finding the original Roll in a trunk of old papers belonging to Dr. Marcellin, the former Secretary, and which had been, since his decease, in the possession of a daughter of his, living in Illinois. At the Annual Meeting in 1877 this Committee made a full report and replaced the original Roll among the Archives of the Society. Mr. Hamilton, General Cochrane and Mr. Schuyler were thereupon appointed a Committee to have the same reproduced, and the following was adopted at the same time: " That for the purpose of availing ourselves of the labor of these Committees, by publishing the results of their work for the use of the members of the Society, these Committees be consoli dated, and that the members of the Joint Committee be John Schuyler, Marinus Willett, Edward W. Tapp, Alexander Hamilton and John Cochrane, together with the President, who shall under take and perform the duties aforesaid and also the republication of the proceedings of the Society at present published in book form." On the following 7th of March the Joint Committee met and resolved itself into a Sub-Committee, consisting of Mr. Schuyler and the President, to carry out the instructions of the resolution, and On the 4th of July, 1879, the Secretary, Mr. Willett, resigned, and at his request Mr. Schuyler was elected in his place. At the next Annual Meeting the Bylaws, which had been revised and recommended by the Standing Committee, were adopted and ordered to be THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. The first suggestion of the organization into a society of the officers of the American Army of the Revolution appears in a paper, in the handwriting of General Knox, entitled " Rough draft of a Society to be formed by the American officers, and to be called the Cincinnati. " It is dated " Westpoint, 15 April, 1783-" This paper, circulated among the officers of the army, then lying on the banks of the Hudson, in the neighborhood of Newburgh (in the State of New York), is understood to be referred to in the preamble to the institution of the " Society of the Cincinnati" as the "proposals" which had "been communicated to the several regiments of the respective lines." It is printed herein in parallel columns, with the "Institution," as reported by the committee to which the "proposals " were referred, and as adopted May 13, 1783. The original paper of General Knox, and the " Institution " as adopted, both aimed at some bond which would still unite those who for long years had shared the hardships of the camp and the dangers of many a battlefield, now about to separate, many of them penniless, to find homes ruined, and families dis persed or dead: they sought some tie that should bring them together at inter vals, in social reunions above all they sought the means of providing for the necessities of the more unfortunate of their number, and for the support of the indigent widows and children of deceased associates. They wished that their children should inherit and maintain the friendship which bound them together. And conscious of their disinterestedness and proud of their claim to public gratitude and consideration, they followed in the line of that desire for recog nition which is the life of the soldier s ambition, and adopted a " badge " or " order" to be worn by the members, and which, in but too many instances, was all that they might transmit as a visible, actual inheritance to their children. But this was too much for the civilian politicians, who had secured a country and a field for political ambition, without any of the dangers or privations of the camp. For eight years the army had stood between them and the enemy. The enemy gone what need of the army? It may become dangerous; it is poor; the soldiers may become the objects of popular favor, and may interfere with our tenure of office we will withhold pay, dismiss and disperse them. And so they did. And then came forth the outcry against the innocent purpose of these poor, unpaid, homeless and penniless soldiers of an occasional reunion, and of the opportunity of contributing to each other s wants and necessities. Ancient classical history was overhauled for pseudonyms under which those who had been protected from danger from the enemy might assail the objects 4 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. of the men who had risked their lives to secure the independence of their country. Jealousy imagines dangers and magnifies objects of its own creation. And those who had no words of censure, but all of praise and of encouragement for the officers and soldiers of the army, so long as they stood between themselves and a powerful enemy, not only forgot their promises, but became profuse in censure and in denunciation so soon as peace was insured and the British forces were withdrawn. It may be not altogether unnatural that those who had been engaged in the civil departments of the Government should have looked with something of an honest apprehension upon a combination of military men, which might in time pass into a standing military organization. The trials through which the country had lately passed had strongly impressed upon the public mind the dangers and the oppression of such organizations ; while the maintenance of " standing armies in times of peace " had been among the griefs " submitted to a candid world" in justification of the act which declared the States independent. But the opposition to the Society was not wholly based upon patriotic vigil ance. There were those who feared that this new association might appropriate to itself too much of the glory of the late achievement of independence. And there were probably some who feared that its members might receive more of the evidences of popular favor and gratitude than was entirely consistent with their own views or wishes of advancement; for it must be remembered that there was not wanting, even in that day, the class of "politicians," who infest all ages courtiers and sycophants in despotic governments, demagogues and alarmists in those of popular tendencies. Thus the outcry became widespread and violent. To ^Edanus Burke, a Justice of the Supreme Court of South Carolina, is believed to be due the credit of first exposing the profligacy and dangerous ten dencies of a Society which now, after an existence of a hundred years, in the steady and direct pursuit of each and all of its declared objects, resting upon its original institution and foundation, having abated no one of the principles which were put forth as its basis having outlived the clamor which attended its birth enjoys an extent of favor, of sympathy and of confidence, the result to some extent of its unobtrusive weakness, but more the result of those pious charities, of that cultivation of mutual friendships, of that loyal devotion to the " rights and liberties of human nature," and of that " determination to promote and cherish, between the respective States, union and national honor," which its founders proclaimed, and which its history shows to have been its objects and its aims. In October, 1783, Judge Burke issued a pamphlet,* under the signature of " Cassius," proving, at least to his own satisfaction, that " the Institution created " a race of Hereditary Patricians or Nobility " " an hereditary Peerage " that would soon " occasion such an inequality in the condition of our inhabitants " that the country will be composed of only two ranks of men the patricians or " nobles, and the rabble." By equally conclusive proof, he showed the object * " Considerations on the Society or Order of Cincinnati, lately instituted by the Major-Generals, Brigadier- Generals, and other officers of the American Army; proving that it creates a race of Hereditary Patricians or Nobility," Philadelphia, Robert Bell, 1783. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 5 of the promoters of the Society to be the overthrow of the Republic and the usurpation of supreme power. " They have laid in ruins," said he, "that state " of civil equality which our laws and the nature of a Republican government promised us." That " the Cincinnati would soon have and hold an exclusive " right to offices, honors and authorities, civil and military." The evils were deep-rooted and past remedy, for the parties to the great iniquity were powerful, designing and numerous. " The number of Peers," said he, " is not far short " of ten thousand,* and every generation will be adding to their numbers." Judge Burke, although the first, was not alone in the assault. Pamphlets were the channel through which overpowering patriotism found its way to the public eye, and several made their appearance. But the expressions of hostility were not confined to pamphlets, and mightier men than Judge Burke entered the lists. Mr. Jefferson saw in the Society opposition to the " letter of some of our Constitutions and to the spirit of all of them " opposition to " the natural equality of man." He considered it " the germ whose development is one " day to destroy the fabric we have reared," and that " the day will certainly " come when a single fibre left of this Institution will produce an aristocracy " which will change the form of our governments from the best to the worst in " the world." And while, in writing to Washington, he does not avow it as a principle of action with himself, still his suggestion that " in competitions for office, on equal or nearly equal ground, Congress may give silent preferences to those who are not of the fraternity," is significant of the extent of his own hos tility, and possibly foreshadows some subsequent acts. Many years later he claimed that the expression used by himself in a famous letter, of " the Samsons " in the field and Solomons in Council, but who had had their heads shorn by the " harlot England," was " meant for the Cincinnati generally." He declares him self to have been " an enemy to the Institution from the first moment of its con- " ception," considered " their meetings objectionable," and " the charitable part of " the Institution still more likely to do mischief," and advised them to " distri- " bute their funds, renounce their existence," and " melt up their eagles." To Samuel Adams watchful and suspicious mind, the association presented " an odious hereditary distinction of families, " a plan disgustful to the " American feeling." And because " one of the Order had received a majority " of the votes" in the town of Boston for an elective office, the old Patriot was " afraid the citizens were not so vigilant as they used and still ought to be." John Adams considered it " the deepest piece of cunning yet attempted ; it " is sowing the seeds of all that European Courts wish to grow up among us, viz., " of vanity, ambition, corruption, discord and sedition." At a later period in life, and in reply to a complimentary address from the Society in South Carolina, he spoke of them as " enjoying the sweetest of rewards in the grateful affection of their fellow-citizens," and forgetful of the Pandora s box which he had thought the Society would inevitably prove, he closed by saying, " When the " Cincinnati of South Carolina pledge their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred " honors, I believe no man will doubt their integrity." * The original number of the Cincinnati was less than one-fourth of the number which Judge Burke s imaginative mind feared. Each generation has lessened their number, At present they do not exceed four hundred. 6 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Dr. Franklin ridiculed them as " Chevaliers of Cincinnati^," and condemned them as "forming an order of Hereditary Knights"; but subsequently accepted an honorary membership of the Society. John Jay thought that the 1 " Order will eventually divide us into two mighty factions." With characteristic honesty and consistency, in a reply (perhaps also of characteristic quaintness of sarcasm) to a suggestion to become an honorary member of the Society, he said that " he was neither young enough nor old enough to desire that honor." The denunciation was not confined to individuals. Governors of several of the States presented the Society to the consideration and censure of the Legis latures; some of whom directed inquiries, and others passed hostile resolutions. The General Court of Massachusetts resolved that " the Society was unjusti- " fiable, and, if not properly discountenanced, might be dangerous to the peace, " liberty and safety of the United States in general, and this State in particular." With the history of the Society for a century of quiet, steady, pursuit of its objects before us, its extinct branches, and its diminished numbers, it is difficult to comprehend the existence, or the extent of the prejudice which was aroused and had become contagious. Washington s name stood, subscribed by his own hand, the first on the roll of the society. He had been requested, and had consented to officiate as Pre sident. He had been cognizant of the motives and of the proceedings which led to the formation of the association. He knew the innocence and purity of those motives, and he apprehended no results less innocent or less pure. He knew the honesty, the sincerity, the devoted patriotism of the men who had formed the Society, and had no fears that the Republic would receive harm at their hands. The uneasiness which had been excited in the public mind had not, however, failed to attract his attention. He was not only a member of the society, but, although divested of all official position, he was not a mere private citizen. He felt, perhaps over-sensitively, the violence of the popular clamor, and was willing to make concessions to the prevailing excitement, which in the light of history, it must be admitted were conceived in an overestimate of the reality and of the honesty of the hostility to the Society. " However ill-founded," says Marshall, "the public prejudices might be, he (Washington) thought this a case " in which they ought to be respected, and if it should be found impracticable " to convince the people that their fears were misplaced, he was disposed to " yield to them in a degree, and not suffer that which was intended for the best " of purposes, to produce a bad one. Previous to the assembling of the General Meeting in May, 1784, he prepared a paper suggesting alterations to the Institution, which was presented to the General Meeting. Most of his suggestions were embodied in a proposed Amended Institution which that meeting recommended for adoption by the State Societies. > The State Societies, however, regarding the prevailing excitement, as a pass ing storm, withheld their approval and ratification of the proposed amendments; and time has shown how purely imaginary and groundless and ephemeral were the apprehensions and the prejudice of the day, and how unnecessary was the sacrifice which the proposed amendments would have made. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 7 A meeting of the General Society was to be held in May, 1787. In October, 1786, Washington addressed a circular letter to the several State Societies, in which he says: " As it will not be in my power (for reasons which I shall have the honor of immediately communicating) to attend the next General Meeting ; and as it may become more and more " inconvenient for me to be absent from my farms, or to receive appointments which will divert me from my private affairs ; 1 think it proper also to acquaint you, for the information of " your Delegates to the General Meeting, that it is my desire not to be reflected to the Presidency, " since I should find myself under the necessity of declining the acceptance of it. * * * * " The variety and perplexity of my own private concerns, which, having been much deranged " by my absence through the war, demand my entire and unremitting attention ; * * * * " the natural desire of tranquility, and relaxation from business, which almost everyone experi- ences at my time of life, particularly after having acted (during a considerable period) as no idle " spectator in uncommonly busy and important scenes ; and the present imbecility of my health, " occasioned by a violent attack of the fever and ague, succeeded by rheumatick pains (to which " till of late I have been an entire stranger), will, I doubt not, be considered as reasons of " sufficient validity to justify my conduct in the present instance. " Although the whole of these reasons could not have before operated ; yet in conformity to " my determination of passing the remainder of my days in a state of retirement, I should " certainly have refused to accept the office of President with which I was honored in 1784, but from an apprehension that my refusal, at that time, might have been misrepresented as a kind of " dereliction of the Society on my part, or imputed to a disapprobation of the principles on which " it was then established. To convince the opposers of the Institution, should any such " remain, that this was not the fact ; and to give no colourable pretext for unreasonable attacks, I " prevailed upon myself to accept the appointment with a view of holding it only until the next " election ; before which time I expected the jealously that had been excited, would subside, and this, I am happy to be informed, has universally taken place. " It only remains for me to express the sense I entertain of the honor conferred by the last " General Meeting in electing me their President, and to implore in future the benediction of " Heaven on the virtuous associates in this illustrious Institution. " I have the honor to be, " Your most obedt. & most Hble Servt, " GO. WASHINGTON." He longed for retirement, and in his letter he touched feelingly and modestly upon what he had done. But his work was not completed ; he had secured for the Colonies their independence ; they were separate associated States, independent each of the other, and of foreign control, claiming sovereignty without the power or the means of exercising or enforcing its attributes in their separate, and still less in their associated capacity ; but they had, yet, no national consistency. Commissioners from some of the States, assembled in Annapolis in the Autumn of 1786, had recommended the appointment of Commissioners from all the States, to meet in Philadelphia on the second Monday of the succeeding May, " to take into consideration the situation of the United States, to devise " such further provisions as shall appear to them necessary to render the Consti- " tution of the Federal Government adequate to the exigencies of the Union, etc." The General Assembly of Virginia passed an act for the appointment of deputies to the proposed Convention, and Mr. Madison, in communicating to Gen. Washington the measures which had been adopted in Virginia, said, " It has " been thought adviseable to give this subject a very solemn dress, and all the " weight which could be derived from a single State. This idea will also be pur- 8 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. " sued in the selection of characters to represent Virginia in the Federal Con- " vention. You will infer our earnestness on this point from the liberty which " will be used of placing your name at the head of them." " Although," said the General in reply, " I have bid a public adieu to the " public walks of life, and had resolved never more to tread that theatre, yet, " if upon an occasion so interesting to the well-being of the Confederacy, it " had been the wish of the Assembly that I should be an associate in the " business of revising the federal system, I should, from a sense of the obliga- " tion I am under for repeated proofs of confidence in me, more than from any " opinion I could entertain of my usefulness, have obeyed its call ; but it is now " out of my power to do this with any degree of consistency." Referring then to his having been rechosen President of the Cincinnati Society, and that the triennial meeting of the Society is to be held in Philadelphia in May following (the same place and month named for the meeting of the Federal Convention), his letter proceeds : " Some particular reasons combining with the peculiar situation of my private concerns, the necessity of paying attention to them, " a wish for retirement and relaxation from public cares, and rheumatic pains " which I begin to feel very sensibly, induced me, on the 3ist ultimo, to address " a circular letter to each State Society, informing them of my intention not to "be at the next meeting, and of my desire not to be rechosen President. * * * Under these circumstances it will be readily perceived that I could " not appear at the same time and place on any other occasion without giving "offence to a very respectable and deserving part of the community the " late officers of the American army." Notwithstanding this letter, the Legislature of Virginia unanimously chose him to be a member of the Convention, placing his the first of the seven illus trious names selected; and Madison, communicating to him the action of the Legislature, and acknowledging the letter above cited, says : " It was the opinion " of every judicious friend whom I consulted that your name could not be "spared from the deputation to the meeting in May, at Philadelphia." Washington s reply, dated i6th December, 1786, enters into a fuller state ment of the considerations which appeared to him to oppose his acceptance of the appointment made by the General Assembly of Virginia. Besides the reasons assigned in his circular letter to the Cincinnati Societies for his non- attendance at their meeting in the following May, there existed one (he says) which " in confidence" he communicates. He then refers to the formation of the Cincinnati Society, the honesty of its purposes, and the charity of its objects ; that jealousies and alarm had arisen ; that, to avoid the irritations which he feared would arise, he had exerted himself to effect the changes which had been recommended by the General Meeting in May, 1784. These changes had not been acceded to. "The part" (he says) "that I should have to act "would be delicate." "I should feel myself in an awkward situation to be in " Philadelphia on another public occasion during the sitting of this Society." Replying to the official announcement by Governor Randolph of his being chosen a delegate, he wrote : " * * * There exist at this moment circum- " stances which I am persuaded will render this fresh instance of confidence "incompatible with other measures which I had previously adopted." Trusted intimate friends and powerful influences urged his acceptance of THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 9 the appointment, and that " a suspense of his ultimate determination would be nowise inconvenient in a public view." On 3d February, 1787, he wrote to General Knox, in reply to an inquiry as to. his intentions respecting the Federal Convention : "In confidence, I inform " you that it is not, at this time, my intention to attend it ;" that having objected to the use of his name for the appointment, " they again pressed and I again " refused, assigning, among other reasons, my having declined meeting the " Society of the Cincinnati at that place, about the same time, and that I thought "it would be disrespectful to that body, to whom I owe so much, to be there on " any other occasion." * * * "I have been requested in emphatic terms " not to decide absolutely " " thus the matter stands, saying to you in confidence "that at present I hold to my first intention not to go." In reply to a letter from Governor Randolph, Washington, under date of a8th March, after adverting to the determination he had previously expressed, and his reluctance to leave home, and to be " swept back into the tide of public affairs," and, to the " unusual degree of solicitude " expressed by his friends, he says, "I have come to a resolution to go, if my health will permit." "I "would set off for that place" (Philadelphia) "the ist or 2d of May, that I " might be there in time to account personally for my conduct to the General " Meeting of the Cincinnati, which is to convene the first Monday of that month. " My feelings would be much hurt if that body should otherwise ascribe my "attending the one and not the other to a disrespectful inattention to the " Society, when the fact is that I shall ever retain the most lively and affectionate "regard for the members of it on account of their attachment to me and " uniform support upon many trying occasions, as well as on account of their " public virtues, patriotism and sufferings." In common with very many other thoughtful and patriotic statesmen, Wash ington was not without misgivings as to the proposed Convention, and so late as the 3ist March he writes to Madison : " I am glad to find that Congress have " recommended the States to appear in the Convention. I think that the reasons "in favour have a preponderance over those against it." On ~2d April he wrote to Knox : " As I see, or think I see, reasons for and " against my attendance in Convention so near an equilibrium as will cause me "to determine upon either with difficulty." * * * " If I should attend the "the Convention I will be in Philadelphia previous to the meeting of the Cin cinnati." ***** -\vill the modifications and alterations" (those proposed in 1784) "be insisted on in the next meeting or given up? If the " former, will it not occasion warmth and divisions ? If the latter, and I should "remain at the head of this order, in what light would my signature appear in " recommendations having different tendencies ? In what light will this versa- " tility appear to the foreign members who perhaps are acting agreeably to the " recommendations ?" Having determined to attend both the meeting of the Cincinnati and the Convention, as he was preparing to leave home that he might be present at the former meeting, on the first Monday of May (the Convention being called to meet on the second Monday in the same month), he received on 26th April, by express, intelligence that his mother and sister were dangerously ill. He then addressed the following letter to General Knox, the Secretary- General of the Society of the Cincinnati : TO THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. " MOUNT VERNON 27th Aprl 1787 " MY DEAR SIR, " After every consideration my judgment was able to give the subject, I have determined to yield to the wishes of many of my friends who seemed extremely anxious for my attending "the convention, which is proposed to be holden in Philadelphia the second Monday of May. And tho so much afflicted with a rheumatic complaint (of which I have not been entirely free " for six months) as to be under the necessity of carrying my arm in a sling for the last ten days, I have fixed on Monday next for my departure ; and had made every necessary arrangement for the purpose when (within this hour) I am summoned by an express who assures me not a moment " is to be lost, to see a mother and only sister (who are supposed to be in the agonies of death) " expire ; and I am hastening to obey this melancholy call, after having just bid an eternal fare- well to a much loved Brother who was the intimate companion of my youth and the most " affectionate friend of my ripened age. " This journey (of more than one hundred miles) in the disordered state of my body will, I " am persuaded, unfit me for the intended trip to Philadelphia, & assuredly prevent me from " offering that tribute of respect to my compatriots in arms which results from affection and gratitude for their attachment to, and support of me upon so many trying occasions. " For this purpose it was, as I had, tho with a good deal of reluctance consented (from a " conviction that our affairs were verging fast to ruin, to depart from the resolution I had taken, " of never more stepping out of the walks of private life) to serve in this convention, that I deter- " mined to shew my respect to the Gen l meeting of the Society, by coming to Philadelphia during "its sitting As the latter is prevented, and the highest probability the other will not take place, " I send such papers as have, from time to time come to my hands, and may require inspection " and the consideration of the Cincinnati, to your care." " I make a tender of my affectionate regards for the members who may constitute the General " meeting of the Society, and with sentiments of the highest esteem, " I am My dear Sir "Yr Obedt Hble Servt "GO. WASHINGTON. " MAJ R GENL KNOX." Washington, being thus delayed, did not reach Philadelphia by the first Mon day of May (the 7th), on which day the Society of the Cincinnati met, ten State Societies being represented. The Federal Convention, although called for the second Monday of May (the i4th), failed to obtain a sufficient number of members in attendance, to constitute a representation of a majority of the States, until the 25th May, on which day General Washington was elected their President and the Convention organized and proceeded to business. In the mean time the meeting of the Cincinnati had completed their business, and had adjourned on the ipth day of May, having unanimously reflected Gene ral Washington President of the Society. Jefferson had written to Washington from Paris i4th November, 1786, denouncing the Society of the Cincinnati in unmeasured terms, enclosing an article from the Encyclopedic Methodique, written by Mr. Jefferson, in which it is but justice to Jefferson to state that he claims that the editor " used his (Jeffer son s) materials, mixing a great deal of his own with thdm," adding, " I thought it material to set facts to rights as much as possible." This letter remained unanswered until 3oth May, 1787, when Washington replied, intimating a very decided dissent from the correctness of some of the statements of the Encyclopedic article, " insomuch that it is commonly said, truth " and falsehood are so intimately blended, that it will become very difficult to THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. II " sever them." He points out some circumstances "in the narration, of which " palpable mistakes seem to have insinuated themselves." He refers to his having been appointed by his native State to attend the Convention, then in session, and thus being present in Philadelphia at the time of the General Meeting of the Cincinnati and being again elected President, " after which I was not at liberty " to decline the Presidency, without placing myself in an extremely disagreeable " situation with relation to that brave and faithful class of men, whose per- " severing patriotism and friendship I had experienced on so many trying " occasions." On ;th September, 1788, more than fifteen months after his third election to the Presidency of the Society, he wrote: " I have once been a witness to what " I conceived to have been a most unreasonable prejudice against an innocent " institution. I mean the Society of the Cincinnati. * * * I was convinced " that the members, actuated by motives of sensibility, charity, and patriotism, " were doing a laudable thing in erecting that memorial of their common ser- " vices, sufferings, and friendships." In May, 1789, in reply to a congratulatory address, presented by a Committee of the Cincinnati Society to him, then recently inaugurated President of the United States, he said; "The candour of your fellow-citizens acknowledges the " patriotism of your conduct in peace, as their gratitude has declared their " obligations for your fortitude and perseverance in war. A knowledge that " they now do justice to the purity of your intentions, ought to be your highest " consolation as the fact is demonstrative of your greatest glory." If further evidence be needed to confute the assertion, which has gone into " history" and for a time was assiduously circulated, that Washington had with drawn his confidence from the Society, and that he refused the Presidency, it may be found in the record of his official acts receiving and signing official letters and documents through succeeding years and in his successive elections as President in 1790, 1793, 1/96, 1799. XfiAJT. <83ES. THE INSTITUTION OF THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI CANTONMENT OF THE AMERICAN ARMY, / On Hudson s River, \oth May, 1783. [ PROPOSALS* for establishing a Society upon principles therein mentioned, whose members shall be the officers of the American Army, having been communicated to the several regiments of the respective lines, they appointed an officer from each, who, in conjunction with the General Officers, should take the same into consideration at their meeting this day, at which the Honorable Major-General Baron de STEUBEN, the senior officer present, was pleased to preside. The proposals being read, fully considered, paragraph by paragraph, and the amendments agreed to, Major-General KNOX, Brigadier-General HAND, Brigadier-General HUNTINGTON, and Captain SHAW were chosen to revise the same, and prepare a copy to be laid before this Assembly at their next meeting, to be holden at Major-General Baron de STEUBEN S quarters, on Tuesday, the inst. TUESDAY, \$th May, 1783. The representatives of the American Army being assembled, agreeably to adjournment, the plan for establishing a Society, whereof the officers of the American Army are to be members, is accepted, and is as follows, viz. : (Gen. Knox s proposal.) (Institution as adopted.) Whereas, it has pleased the Supreme Gover- " It having pleased the Supreme Governor of nor of the Universe, in the disposition of the Universe, in the disposition of human human affairs, to cause the separation of the affairs, to cause the separation of the Colonies colonies of North America from the domination of North America from the domination of of Great Britain, and after a bloody conflict of Great Britain, and after a bloody conflict of eight years, to establish them free, independent, eight years, to establish them free, independent, and sovereign States, connected, by alliances and sovereign States, connected, by alliances founded upon reciprocal advantages, with some founded on reciprocal advantages, with some of the greatest princes and powers of the earth. of the greatest princes and powers of the earth. * These " proposals" are understood to have been embodied in a paper (still in existence) in the handwrit ing of General Knox, dated " Westpoint, 15 April, 1785," proposing a plan of organization of a Society to be formed of Officers of the American Army, to be known as the " Cincinnati." This plan is herewith printed in parallel columns with the " Institution" as adopted. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. To perpetuate, therefore, as well the remem brance of this great event, as the mutual friend ships which have been formed under the pressure of common danger, and in numerous instances cemented by the blood of the parties, the officers of the American Army do hereby in the most solemn manner associate, constitute and combine themselves into one Society of Friends, to endure while they shall endure, or any of their oldest male posterity, who may be judged worthy of becoming its supporters and members. "To perpetuate, therefore, as well the re membrance of this vast event, as the mutual friendships which have been formed under the pressure of common danger, and in many in stances cemented by the blood of the parties, the officers of the American Army do, hereby, in the most solemn manner, associate, con stitute, and combine themselves into one SOCIETY OF FRIENDS, to endure as long as they shall endure, or any of their eldest male pos terity, and in failure thereof, the collateral branches,* who may be judged worth of be coming its supporters and members. The officers of the American Army, having generally been taken from the citizens of Amer ica, profess high veneration for the character of that illustrious Roman Quintius Cincinnatus; and being resolved to follow his example, by returning to their citizenship again, they think they may, with propriety, denominate them selves The Society of " The Cincinnati." The objects of this Association shall be an incessant attention to preserve inviolate those exalted rights and liberties of human nature, for which they have fought and bled, and without which the high rank of a rational being is a curse instead of a blessing. The officers of the American Army having generally been taken from the citizens of Amer ica, possess high veneration for the character of that illustrious Roman, Lucius QUINTIUS CIN CINNATUS; and being resolved to follow his example, by returning to their citizenship, they think they may, with propriety, denominate themselves THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. "The following principles shall be immut able, and form the basis of the Society of the Cincinnati : " An incessant attention to preserve inviolate those exalted rights and liberties of human nature, for which they have fought and bled, and without which the high rank of a rational being is a curse instead of a blessing. An unalterable determination to promote by all legal means that Union and harmony, be tween the respective States, so essentially nec essary to their happiness, and the future dignity of the American Empire. "An unalterable determination to promote and cherish, between the respective States, that union and national honor, so essentially neces sary to their happiness, and the future dignity of the American empire. To render permanent the cordial affection sub sisting among the officers, which shall dictate brotherly kindness in all things, and particularly shall extend to the most substantial acts of bene ficence to those officers, who unfortunately may To render permanent the cordial affection subsisting among the officers. This spirit will dictate brotherly kindness in all things, and particularly extend to the most substantial acts of beneficence, according to the ability of the * This expression " collateral branches " (introduced by the Committee to which General Knox s draft was referred) has led to some confusion, and to the idea that it might apply to persons claiming descent from a collateral relative of the original member. This construction would, in many instances, when, as was not infrequently the case, families were divided, in their allegiance, admit the descendants of those who adhered to the British Government and resisted the efforts for Independence. The word "branches" is introduced by the Committee a second time in a connection that leaves no question that it was understood and used as a synonym for "offspring" " descendant," viz., "as a testi- " mony of affection to the memory, and the offspring of such officers as have died in the service, their "eldest male branches shall have the same right of becoming members as the children of the actual mem- "bersof the Society." The whole tenor of the Institution is to confine the succession to the descendants of original members. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. be under the necessity of demanding it, accord ing to the ability of the Society. These princi ples shall be immutable, and shall form the basis of the Society of Cincinnati. The General Society will, for the sake of fre quent communications, be divided into State Societies, and these again subdivided into Coun- tySocieties, or in such Districts as shall be di rected by the State Society. The Society of the Counties, to meet once in every three months; those of the States once in every year, and the General Society once every three years. At each meeting, the principles of the Insti tution, with the best measures to promote them, will be considered and adopted. But it will be necessary that the respective Societies should have their particular duties assigned, that the several parts may form one system. The County Societies shall have a Vice- Presi dent, Deputy Secretary, and Deputy Treasurer, to be chosen annually by themselves. The Deputy Secretary shall have a book in which shall be recorded the names of all the members of the General Society, the members who compose the State Society, and the par ticular members and officers of the County So ciety, and another book in which shall be regularly stated the proceedings of the County Society, with all the official letters written and received. He shall also transmit to the Secre tary of the State Society the names of the offi cers of the County Society for the current year. The Deputy Treasurer shall have a book in which shall be recorded an exact state of his proceedings, and of the moneys which he may from time to time receive of the respective members, and the appropriations of the same. At each quarterly meeting he shall receive such sums as the members may subscribe for the re lief of the indigent members of the State So ciety, and he shall transmit the same annually to the Treasurer of the State Society, togethei with the names of the subscribers. It will be a rule that no money will be col lected but at the quarterly meetings, and that it shall be perfectly optional to subscribe, or not, and such sums as each member shall think proper. Society, towards those officers and their fami lies who unfortunately may be under the neces sity of receiving it. " The General Society will, for the sake of frequent communications, be divided into State Societies, and these again into such districts as shall be directed by the State Society. "The Societies of the districts to meet as often as shall be agreed upon by the State So ciety; those of the State on the fourth day of July annually, or oftener, if they shall find Jt expedient; and the General Society on the first Monday in May annually, so long-as they shall deem it necessary, and afterwards, at least once in every three years. " At each meeting, the principles of the In stitution will be fully considered, and the best measures to promote them adopted. i6 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. The State Societies will consist of all the officers residing in each State, respectively, or such of them as may think proper to attend. The officers of the County Society must attend ex ojficio. " The State Societies will consist of all the members resident in each State repectively; and any member removing from one State to an other, is to be considered, in all respects, as belonging to the Society of the State in which he shall actually reside. The State Societies shall have a President, Secretary, and Treasurer, to be chosen annually by a majority of the votes at the State meeting. " The State Societies to have a President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, and Assistant Treasurer, to be chosen annually by a majority of votes, at the State meeting. The State meeting shall write annually a cir cular letter to the other State Societies, noting whatever they may think worthy of observation, respecting the good of the Society, or the gene ral government of the United States, and giving information of the officers chosen for the current year, and a copy of this letter shall be punct ually transmitted to the Secretary-General of the Society, who shall record it in a book to be kept for that purpose. "Each State meeting shall write annually, or oftener, if necessary, a circular letter, to the other State Societies, noting whatever they may think worthy of observation, respecting the good of the Society, or the general union of the States, and giving information of the offi cers chosen for the current year. Copies of these letters shall be regularly transmitted to the Secretary-General of the Society, who will record them in a book to be assigned for that purpose. The State Society will have the right to regu late every thing respecting itself, consistent with the general maxims of the Cincinnati. To judge of the qualifications of the members who may be proposed; to expel any member, who, by a conduct inconsistent with a gentleman and man of honor, or by an opposition to the inter ests of the community in general, or Society in particular, may render himself unworthy to con tinue a member. " The State Society will regulate everything respecting itself and the Societies of the Dis tricts, consistent with the general maxims of the Cincinnati; judge of the qualifications of the members who may be proposed ; and expel any member, who, by conduct inconsistent with a gentleman and a man of honor, or by an opposition to the interests of the commu nity in general or the Society in particular, may render himself unworthy to continue a member. The moneys which may be furnished by the County Societies, shall be appropriated by the State Society, by a majority of votes to the un fortunate members, or their widows, or orphans. The whole sum raised shall be distributed annu ally for the first ten years of the Institution, provided that proper objects claim the relief of the Society; but after that period the interest only shall be expended, and the principal shall be formed into a perpetual fund for the bene volent purposes before recited. In order to form funds which may be respectable, and assist the unfortunate, each officer shall deliver to the Treasurer of the State Society, one month s pay, which shall remain for ever to the use of the State Society; the interest only of which, if necessary, to be appropriated to the relief of the unfortunate. Donations may be made by persons not of the Society, and by members of the Society, for the express purpose of forming permanent funds for the use of the State Society; and the interest of these donations appropriated in the same manner as that of the months pay. " Moneys, at the pleasure of each member, may be subscribed in the Societies of the Dis tricts, or the State Societies, for the relief of the unfortunate members, or their widows and orphans, to be appropriated by the State So ciety only. THE SOCIETY OF THF. CINCINNATI. The General Meeting of the Society shall consist of all the members, who may find it con venient to attend; but the officers, that is to say, the President, Secretary, and Treasurer of the State Societies, shall consider themselves under indispensable obligations to attend. In the General Meeting, the President-Gene ral, and the Secretary-General, shall be chosen to serve until the next triennial meeting. The circular letters which have been written annually by the respective State Societies to each other, shall be read and considered, and all such measures concerted as may conduce to advance the general intendments of the Society. All the officers of the American Army, as well those who have resigned with honor, or who have been dismissed by the regulations of Con gress, upon the respective reforms of the army, as those who shall continue to the end of the war are free to become parties to this In stitution, provided that they sign their names to the general rules in each State Society with in two years after the army shall be disbanded, specifying opposite their names, their time of service, and the resolution of Congress, by which any may have been deranged, and the place of residence of each member. " The meeting of the General Society shall consist of its officers, and a representation from each State Society, in number not exceed ing five, whose expenses shall be borne by their respective State Societies. "In the General Meeting, the President, Vice-President, Secretary, Assistant Secretary, Treasurer, and Assistant Treasurer-General, shall be chosen to serve until the next meeting. " The circular, letters which have been writ ten by the respective State Societies to each other, and their particular laws, shall be read and considered, and all measures concerted which may conduce to the general intendment of the Society. " It is probable that some persons may make donation ; to the General Society, for the pur pose of establishing funds for the further com fort of t .i: unfortunate; in which case such donations must be placed in the hands of the Treasurer-General, the interest only of which to be disposed of, if necessary, by the General Meeting. "All the officers of the American Army, as well those who have resigned with honor, after three years service in the capacity of officers, or who have been deranged by the resolutions of Congress, upon the several reforms of the army, as those who shall have continued to the end of the war, have the right to become par ties to this Institution; provided that they sub scribe one month s pay, and sign their names to the general rules, in their respective State Societies those who are present with the army, immediately, and others within six months after the army shall be disbanded, extraordinary cases exccpted. The rank, time of service, resolutions of Congress by which any have been deranged, and place of residence, must be added to each name ; and as a testi mony of affection to the memory and the off spring of such officers as have died in the ser vice, their eldest male branches shall have the same right of becoming members, as the child ren of the actual members of the Society. " Those officers who are foreigners, not resident in any of the States, will have their names enrolled by the Secretary-General, and are to be considered as members in the Socie ties of any of the States in which they may happen to be. " And as there are, and will at all times be, men in the respective States, eminent for their abilities and patriotism, whose views may be i8 THE SOCIF.TY OF THE CINCINNATI. Each State Society shall obtain a list of its members, and, at the first annual meeting, the State Secretary shall have three copies of the Institution of the Society, engrossed upon parchment, when every member present, shall sign; and the Secretary shall endeavor to pro cure the signatures of every absent member. One of these to be transmitted to the Secre tary-General, to be kept among the archives of the Society, one to remain in the hands of the State Secretary, and one to go to the County Secretaries. From these State lists the Secre tary-General must make out, at the first gene ral meeting, a complete list of the whole Society, a copy of which he will furnish each Secretary of the State Societies, who will transmit them to the County Societies. The Society shall have an Order, by which it shall be known and distinguished, which shall be a medal of gold or silver, of a proper size to receive these emblems, the principal figure CINCINNATUS: Three Senators presenting him with a sword and other military ensigns on a field in the back-ground, his wife standing at the door of their Cottage near it A YOKED PLOUGH AND INSTRUMENTS OF HUS BANDRY. Round the whole, OMNIA RELIQUIT SERVARE REM- PUBL1CAM. On the reverse, Sun rising a city with open gates, and vessels entering the port Fame crowninig CIN CINNATUS with a wreath, inscribed VIRTUTIS PREMIUM. Beneath, HANDS JOINED, SUPPORTING A HEART, With the motto, E S T O P E R P E T U A. Round the whole the name of the Society and year of its institution. directed to the same laudable objects with those of the Cincinnati, it shall be a rule to admit such characters as Honorary Members of the Society, for their own lives only: Provided always, that the number of Honorary Mem bers, in each State, does not exceed a ratio of one to four of the officers or their descendants. Each State Society shall obtain a list of its members, and, at the first annual meeting, the State Secretary shall have engrossed, on parch ment, two copies of the Institution of the So ciety, which every member present, shall sign; and the Secretary shall endeavor to procure the signature of every absent member; one of those lists to be transmitted to the .Secretary-General, to be kept in the archives of the Society, and the other to remain in the hands of the State Secretary. From the State-lists, the Secretary- General must make out, at the first general meeting, a complete list of the whole Society, with a copy of which he will furnish each State Secretary. " The Society shall have an Order, by which its members shall be known and distinguished, which shall be a medal of gold, of a proper size to receive the emblems, and suspended by a deep blue ribbon, two inches wide, edged with white, descriptive of the union of America and France, viz: " The principal figure CINCINNATUS: Three Senators presenting him with a sword and other military ensigns on a field in the back-ground, his wife standing at the door of their Cottage near it A PLOUGH AND IMPLEMENTS OF HUSBANDRY. Round the whole, OMNIA RELIQUIT SERVARE REM- PUBLICAM. On the reverse, Sun rising a city with open gates, and vessels entering the port Fame crowning CIN CINNATUS with a wreath, inscribed VIRTUTIS PREMIUM. Below, HANDS JOINEp, SUPPORTING A HE4RT, With the motto, ESTO PERPETUA. Round the whole, SOCIETAS CINCINNATORUM INSTI- TUTA, A.D. 1783." THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. The foreign officers who have served in the Army of the United States, and who have been honorably dismissed therefrom, shall be entitled to all the honors, rights and privileges of the Society. And the Secretary-General must obtain a list of them with ranks in the American army. The places of which they came, together with their civil and military rank in their own country. And it shall be a perpetual rule of the So ciety that the officers of the gallant corps of French troops, who so gloriously served in America under the orders of his Excellency Count Rochambeau, shall be entitled to all the civilities and friendships of the Society, and to render this as effectual as possible, the President- General will write to General Rochambeau, requesting of him an accurate list of the officers of his army, with their civil and military titles, and places of residence, and as soon as may be the President-General shall transmit to Count de Rochambeau a gold medal, containing the order of the Society. The Society, deeply -impressed with a sense of the generous assistance this country has received from France, and desirous of per petuating the friendships which have been formed, and so happily subsisted, between the officers of the allied forces, in the prosecution of the war, direct, that the President-General transmit, as soon as may be, to each of the characters hereafter named, a medal containing the Order of the Society, viz: His Excellency the CHEVALIER DK LA Lu- ZERNE, Minister Plenipotentiary, His Excellency the SIEUR GERARD, late Mi nister Plenipotentiary, Their Excellencies The COUNT D EsTAiNG, The COUNT DE GRASSE, The COUNT DE BARRAS, The CHEVALIER DE TOUCHES, Admirals and Commanders in the Navy. His Excellency the COUNT DE ROCHAMBEAU, Commander-in-Chief, And the Generals and Colonels of his army, and acquaint them, that the Society do them selves the honor to consider them as members. Resolved, That a copy of the aforegoing institution be given to the senior officer of each State line, and that the officers of the respective State lines, sign their names to the same, in manner and form following, viz : " We, the subscribers, officers of the American Army, do hereby voluntarily become parties to the foregoing institution, and do bind ourselves to observe, and be governed by the principles therein contained. For the performance whereof we do solemnly pledge to each other our sacred honor. DONE IN THE CANTONMENT, ON HUDSON S RIVER, In the year 1783. 20 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. That the members of the Society, at the time of subscribing their names to the Institution, do also sign a draft on the Paymaster-General, in the following terms (the regiments to do it regimentally, and the Generals and other officers not belonging to regiments, each for himself, individually), viz. : " To JOHN PIERCE, Esquire, Paymaster-General to the Army of the United States. SIR : Please pay to Treasurer for the State Association of The Cincinnati, or his order, one month s pay of our several grades respec tively, and deduct the same from the balance which shall be found due to us on the final liquidation of our accounts ; for which this shall be your warrant." That the members of the several State Societies assemble as soon as may be, for the choice of their President and other officers ; and that the Presidents correspond together, and appoint a meeting of the officers who may be chosen for each State, in order to pursue such further measures as may be judged necessary. That the General Officers, and the officers delegated to represent the several corps of the army, subscribe to the Institution of the General Society, for them selves and their constituents, in the manner and form before prescribed. That GENERAL HEATH, GENERAL BARON DE STEUBEN, and GENERAL KNOX, be a committee to wait on his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, with a copy of the Institution, and request him to honor the Society by placing his name at the head of it. That MAJOR-GENERAL HEATH,* second in command in this army, be, and he hereby is desired to transmit copies of the Institution, with the proceedings thereon, to the commanding officer of the Southern army, the senior officer in each State, from Pennsylvania to Georgia, inclusive, and to the commanding officer of the Rhode Island line, requesting them to communicate the same to the officers under their several commands, and to take such measures as may appear to them necessary for expediting the establishment of their State Socie ties, and sending a delegation to represent them in the first general meeting to be holden on the first Monday in May, 17.84. The meeting then adjourned without day. STEUBEN, MAJOR-GENERAL, President. * It is a curious coincidence that the officer thus selected affords the only known instance of a renunciation of the Order of the Cincinnati by one of its members. (See Gen. Heath s Letter, Appendix.) THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 21 Cantonment of the American Army, \qth June, 1783. At a meeting of the General Officers, and the gentlemen delegated by the respective regiments, as a Convention for establishing the Society of the Cin cinnati, held by the request of the President, at which were present, Major-General Baron de STEUBEN, President, Major-General HOWE, Major-General KNOX, Brigadier-General PATTERSON, Brigadier-General HAND, Brigadier-General HUNTINGTON, Brigadier -General PUTNAM, Colonel WEBB, Lieutenant-Colonel HUNTINGTON, Major PETTENGILL, Lieutenant WHITING, Colonel H. JACKSON, Captain SHAW, Lieutenant-Colonel HULL, Lieutenant-Colonel MAXWELL, Colonel COURTLANDT. General Baron de STEUBEN acquainted the Convention that he had, agree ably to their request, at the last meeting, transmitted to his Excellency the Chevalier de la LUZERNE, Minister Plenipotentiary from the Court of France, a copy of the Institution of the Society of the Cincinnati, with their vote respect ing his Excellency, and the other characters therein mentioned ; and that his Excellency had returned an answer, declaring his acceptance of the same, and expressing the grateful sense he entertains of the honor conferred on himself, and the other gentlemen of the French nation, by this act of the Convention. Resolved, That the letter of the Chevalier de la LUZERNE be recorded in the proceedings of this day, and deposited in the archives of the Society, as a testi mony of the high sense this Convention entertains of the honor done to the Society by his becoming a member thereof. The Letter is as follows : Philadelphie, Ic 3 Jnin, 1783. " MONSIEUR LE BARON, " J ai recu avec beaucoup de reconnoissance les statuts de 1 ordre respectable que messieurs les officiers de 1 armee Americaine viennent de fonder : si le courage, la patience, et toutes les vertus que cette brave armee a si souvent deployees dans le cours de cette guerre, pouvoient jamais etre oubliees, ce monument seul les rapelleroit. " J ose vous assurer, monsieur, que tous les officiers de ma nation, que vous avez bien voulu admettre dans votre societe, en seront infiniment honores ; je vous prie d etre bien persuade que je sens, en mon particulier, bien vivement 1 honneur que m ont fait messieurs les officiers de 1 armee, en daignant penser a moi dans cette occasion. Je compte aller rendre mes devoirs a son excellence le General WASHINGTON, aussoit que le traite definitif sera signe, et j aurai 1 honneur de lui assurer de vive voix de ma respectueuse reconnoissance. " Je saisis avec un grand empressement cette occasion de vous renouveller les sentiments du tres parfait et tres respectueux attachment avec lesquels j ai 1 honneur d etre. Monsieur le Baron, votre tres humble, et tres obeissant serviteur, LE CHEVALIER DE LA LUZERNE. Monsieur, Monsieur le Baron de STKUKKN, Major-General I au service des Etats Unis, au Quartier General," J" 22 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. The Baron having also communicated a letter from Major L ENFANT, enclosing a design for the medal and order, containing the emblems of the Institution. Resolved, That the bald eagle, carrying the emblems on its breast, be estab lished as the order of the Society, and that the ideas of Major L ENFANT respecting it, and the manner of its being worn by the members, be adopted. That the order be of the same size, and in every other respect conformable to the said design, which for that purpose is certified by the Baron de STEUBEN, President of this Convention, and to be deposited in the archives of the Society as the original, from which all copies are to be made. Also, that silver medals, not exceeding the size of a Spanish milled dollar, with the emblems as designed by Major L ENFANT, and certified by the President, be given to each and every member of the Society, together with a diploma, on parchment, whereon shall be impressed the exact figures of the order and medal, as above mentioned ; any thing in the original institution, respecting gold medals, to the contrary not withstanding. Major L ENFANT S letter is as follows : " PHILADELPHIF., le 10 Juin, 1783. " MON GENERAL, " Aussitot apres la reception de votre lettre en date du 20 Mai, laquelle ne m est parvenu que le 7, ayant etc par hazard a la poste, je me suis occupe des projets de la medaille. Je vous envoye les desseins de deux faces, que j ai faits, en grand, a fin qu on puisse mieux juger de 1 ensemble. Lors de 1 execution on la reduira a la grandeur convenable qui pour peur que Ton exige de preci sion dans le dessein, ne doit pas etre plus petite qu un dollar, le sujet se trouvant trop complique pour que les details puissent etre appends sous une plus petite dimension. " Je ne 1 ai point fait ovale, ainsi que vous me le demandez, vu que cette forme est peu propre a une medaille ; d ailleurs, on pourra toujours la faire au moment de 1 execution, si on persiste absolument a vouloir porter 1 ordre sous cette forme, a laquelle je crois que tout autre seroit prefe rable ; ainsi que je crois et espere que vous en serez bien persuade, et ferez en sorte d en con- vaincre les personnes qui composent le comite relatif a cette institution, auxquelles je vous prie de communiquer les observations suivantes. " La medaille, ronde ou ovale, n est considered dans les differents etats de 1 Europe que comme une recompense d artiste, d artisant, ou comme un signe de communaute de fabriquants, ou societe religieuse en outre, 1 usage abusif que Ton en fait, particulierement en Allemagne et en Italic, d ou il arrive en France, des baladins, des musiciens, decores de cette maniere, rend necessaire de distinguer cet ordre par une forme qui lui soit particuliere, et puisse, en honorant celui qui en sera decore, remplir le double objet de se faire respecter par son simple aspect, de ceux meme qui en seront apportes d en detailler les differentes empreintes. " Ce n est pas que je croye qu une forme, ou une autre changera 1 opinion d un peuple repu- blicain accoutume a penser, mais je dis, que dans une institution pareille, le premier but doit etre de se rendre respectable a tous les peuples du monde ; et que ce n est qu en parlant aux yeux qu on attire 1 attention du vulgaire, qu il ya des prejuges d habitude qui ne peuvent etre detruits qu un homme qualifie et deja decore en Europe ne portera pas une medaille, ou, si flatte de recevoir une marque de distinction d une societe respectable, il la portoit, ce seroit d une maniere peu propre a faire accrediter la valeur de 1 ordre. Qu au contraire, en lui donnant une forme nouvelle en parti- culier, ce sera ajouter a sa valeur reelle, celle de la rendre reccommendable, en engageant ceux qui en seront decores a en faire parade cle pair avec les autres ordres militaires, ce qui est le plus sur moyen de la mettre d abord de niveau avec eux. " Le bald eagle qui est particulier a ce continent et qui se distingue a celui des autres climats, par sa tete et sa queue blanches, m a paru meriter de 1 attention, THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 23 " Je vous envoye deux essais que j ai faits ; je desire que 1 un des deux puisse etre adopte au lieu et place de la medaille. Dans 1 un, je fais 1 aigle supportant une etoile, a treize pointes, dans le centre de laquelle est renferme e la figure de la medaille avec les inscriptions, tant sur la face que sur le reverse. On pourroit ajouter une legende dans les serres et autour du col de 1 aigle, avec une inscription particuliere,.ou bien y transferer celledu contour de la medaille. Dans 1 autre, j ai fait 1 aigle simplement portant sur sa poitrine la figure de la medaille, avec une legende dans ses serres et autour du col, laquelle lui repasse par derriere le dos pour soutenir le revers. Je prefere- rois le dernier, en ce qu il n a rapport a aucun ordre et porte avec lui un caractere distinctif , et ne seroit pas fort dispendieux a faire executer. Le premier mene e, quoique plus complique, ne reviendroit pas aussi cher qu on pourroit le penser, toute fois qu on en chargeroit des personnes capables de 1 executer : ce qui ne peut avoir lieu non plus que re lativement a la medaille qu en 1 envoyant en Europe, ce qui n exigeroit pas beaucoup de terns, et ne seroit pas si dispendieux, que d en confier 1 execution a des personnes incapables. Une medaille est un monument qui passe a la posterite ; et par consequent il est necessaire qu elle soit porte e au degre de perfection possible dansle siecle ou elle est frappee. Or, bien frap- per une medaille est une chose qui demande de 1 habitude et un bon coin, or il n y a ici ni balancier propre a cette besogne ni gens capables de faire un bon coin, je me chargerois volontiers de recommender 1 execution de la medaille, de 1 aigle ou ordre, a gens capables de 1 executer a Paris. Bien loin que je propose de changer la medaille ovale en un aigle sur lequel seroit empreint cette medaille, je ne pretends pas dire qu ils ne scavent pas frapper des medailles. Au contraire, voici quelle est mon idee a ce sujet . " On pourroit faire frapper ici des medailles d argent aux frais communs de la societe, et en distribuer une a chacun de ses membres, comme un titre adapte a la patente de parchemin, sur laquelle il sera aussi a propos de graver la figure de la medaille, la forme de 1 aigle ou de 1 e toile, avec sa plus grande dimension, detaillant les couleurs, en soignant de s y conformer, laissant la liberte aux chevaliers qui s en pourvoyeront a leurs depens, de la faire de tel metal, et aussi petite que possible, sans alteration d aucun des emblemes. II ne me parroit pas non plus a propos que les chevaliers honoraires portassent 1 ordre pareille aux chevaliers de droit. II faudroit qu on signifiat qu ils portassent la medaille, ou 1 etoile, ou 1 aigle en sautoir, et les chevaliers a la 3me bouttoniere. " Mon General, ce sont les remarques que je vous prie de faire traduire, et de les soumettre a 1 opinion general. Je vous serois oblige de me faire savoir quelle issue cette lettre aura, et quelle sera la decision qu on en donnera. J ai, &C., &C., L ENFANT. " N. B. La tete et la queue de 1 aigle seroient d argent ou einaillees en blanc, le corps et les ailes d or, la medailie sur sa poitrine et sur son dos, emaillee en couleur de meme que la legende. On pourroit y ajouter des branches de laurier et de chene dans les ailes, pour lors qu on e mailleroit en verd ; 1 etoile du medaillon seroit pointee en or, ou emaillee bleu et blanc, ceux qui voudroient faire le de pense pourroient avoir en diamant tout ce qui est blanc. Le ruban seroit moire comme celui de tous les autres ordres." Resolved, That the thanks of this Convention be transmitted, by the President, to Major L ENFANT, for his care and ingenuity in preparing the afore-mentioned designs, and that he be acquainted that they cheerfully embrace his offer of assistance, and request a continuance of his attention in carrying the designs into execution, for which purpose the President is desired to correspond with him. Resolved, That his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief be requested to offi ciate as President-General, until the first general meeting, to be held in May next. That a Treasurer-General, and a Secretary-General be ballotted for, to offi ciate in like manner. 24 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. The ballots being taken, Major-General M DOUGALL was elected Treasurer- General, and Major-General KNOX Secretary-General, who are hereby requested to accept said appointments. Resolved, That all the proceedings of this Convention, including the Institu tion of the Society, be recorded (from the original papers in his possession) by Captain SHAW, who at the first meeting was requested to act as Secretary, and that the same, signed by the President s Secretary, together with the original papers, be given into the hands of Major-General KNOX, Secretary-General to the Society ; and that Captain NORTH, aid-de-camp to the Baron de STEUBEN, and acting Secretary to him as President, sign the said records. The dissolution of a very considerable part of the army, since the last meeting of this Convention, having rendered the attendance of some of its members impracticable, and the necessity for some temporary arrangements, previous to the first meeting of the General Society, being so strikingly obvious, the Conven tion found itself constrained to make those before mentioned, which they have done with the utmost diffidence of themselves, and relying entirely on the candor of their Constituents to make allowance for the measure. The principal objects of its appointment being thus accomplished, the members of this Con vention think fit to dissolve the same, and it is hereby dissolved accordingly. True copy from the records of the Society. W. NORTH, Secretary to the President. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 27 GENERAL MEETINGS OF THE SOCIETY HAVE BEEN HELD AS FOLLOWS: 1784. May, at Philadelphia. All of the 13 State Societies represented. 1787. May, Philadelphia. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, Con necticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North Caro lina and South Carolina (10 State Societies) represented. 1788.* May, Philadelphia. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Pennsyl vania and Delaware (5 State Societies) represented one delegate from New York in attendance the appointment stating that two were to constitute a representation. 1790. May, Philadelphia. Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jer sey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, North Carolina and Georgia (8 State Societies) represented. 1791.* May, Philadelphia. Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia (9 State Societies) represented. 1793. May, Philadelphia. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Pennsyl vania, New Jersey, Maryland and South Carolina (7 State Societies) represented. 1796. May, Philadelphia. Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsyl vania, South Carolina (5 State Societies) represented. 1799. ^ a y> Philadelphia. New Jersey and Pennsylvania (2 State Societies) represented. 1800.* May, Philadelphia. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland and South Carolina (8 State Societies) represented. 1802. May, Washington. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland (6 State Societies) represented. 1805. May, Philadelphia. Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsyl vania, South Carolina (5 State Societies) represented. 1808. (Minutes missing.) 1811. July, Philadelphia. New York, Pennsylvania and South Carolina (3 State Societies) represented. This meeting adjourned to August, 1811, when the same three State Societies were represented. 1812.* September, Philadelphia. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Carolina (4 State Societies) represented. Adjourned to September 29, when only three State Societies were represented.! 1825. November, Philadelphia. Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Penn sylvania and South Carolina (5 State Societies) represented. * Extra, or adjourned meetings. t No official minutes of the meeting in 1812 have been found, but letters and memoranda in some of the State Society archives give the information here stated. There are no minutes and no known information as to any meeting from 1812 to 1825. 28 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 1829. November, Philadelphia. Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Penn sylvania and South Carolina (5 State Societies) represented. 1832. May, Philadelphia. New Jersey and Pennsylvania (2 State Societies) represented. 1835. May, Philadelphia. Pennsylvania (i State Society) represented. 1838. May, Philadelphia. Pennsylvania (i State Society) represented. 1839.* November, Philadelphia. Pennsylvania (i State Society) represented. 1844. November, Philadelphia. Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania (4 State Societies) represented. 1848. November, Philadelphia. Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania (4 State Societies) represented. 1851. November, New York. Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania (4 State Societies) represented. 1854. May, Baltimore. Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, South Carolina (6 State Societies) represented. 1855.1 February, Charleston. Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Penn sylvania, Maryland, South Carolina (6 State Societies) represented. 1856.1 May, Trenton. Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland and South Carolina (5 State Societies) represented. 1857. May, Boston. Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland (5 State Societies) represented. 1860. May, Philadelphia. Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsyl vania and Maryland (5 State Societies) represented. 1863. May, New York. Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey and Pennsyl vania (4 State Societies) represented. 1866. May, Trenton. Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland (5 State Societies) represented. 1869. May, Baltimore. Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, South Carolina (6 State Societies) represented. 1872. May, Boston. Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, South Carolina (6 State Societies) represented. 1875. May, New York. Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, South Carolina (6 State Societies) represented. 1878. May, Philadelphia. Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsyl vania and South Carolina (5 State Societies) represented. 1881. April, Charleston. Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsyl vania, Maryland, South Carolina and Rhode Island (7 State Societies) represented. A special, called meeting, f Adjourned meetings. EXTRACTS THE PROCEEDINGS GENERAL MEETINGS, THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. PROPOSED AMENDED INSTITUTION. 1784, MAY. The first General Meeting of the Society was held in Philadelphia. On the second day of the Meeting it was resolved to take into consideration " the Institution of the Society." The subject was considered by Special Committees and in Committee of the Whole, and engaged the attention of the Meeting from day to day until May I3th, when The Report of the Committee of Five on the Amendment of the Institution was next taken up and debated, paragraph by paragraph. Several alterations and amendments being made therein, the following was agreed to as the Insti tution by which the Society shall in future be governed, viz.: THE INSTITUTION OF THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI AS ALTERED AND AMENDED AT THEIR FIRST GENERAL MEETING. " It having pleased the Supreme Governor of the Universe to give success to the arms of our country, and to establish the United States free and inde pendent : Therefore, gratefully to commemorate this event ; to inculcate to the latest ages the duty of laying down in peace, arms assumed for public defence, by forming an Institution which recognizes that most important principle ; to continue the mutual friendships which commenced under the pressure of com mon danger ; and to effectuate the acts of beneficence, dictated by the spirit of brotherly kindness towards those officers and their families, who unfortunately may be under the necessity of receiving them ; the officers of the American Army do hereby constitute themselves into a SOCIETY OF FRIENDS : and pos sessing the highest veneration for the character of that illustrious Roman, Lucius QUINTIUS CINCINNATUS, denominate themselves the SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. SEC. i. The persons who constitute this Society are all the commissioned and brevet officers of the Army and Navy of the United States, who have served three years, and who left the service with reputation ; all officers who were in actual service at the conclusion of the war ; all the principal Staff Officers of the Continental Army ; and the officers who have been deranged by the several resolutions of Congress, upon the different reforms of the army. SEC. 2. There are also admitted into this Society, the late and present Min isters of his Most Christian Majesty to the United States ; all the Generals and Colonels of regiments and legions of the land forces ; all the Admirals and Captains of the Navy, ranking as Colonels, who have co-operated with the armies of the United States, in their exertions for liberty ; and such other per sons as have been admitted by the respective State meetings. SEC. 3. The Society shall have a President, Vice-President, Secretary, and Assistant Secretary. 32 THK SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. SEC. 4. There shall be a meeting of the Society, at least once in three years, on the first Monday in May, at such place as the President shall appoint. The said meeting shall consist of the aforesaid officers (whose expenses shall be equally borne by the State funds) and a representation from each State. The business of this general meeting shall be, to regulate the distribution of surplus funds ; to appoint officers for the ensuing term ; and to conform the by-laws of the State meetings to the general objects of the Institution. SEC. 5. The Society shall be divided into State meetings; each meeting shall have a President, Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer, respectively ; to be chosen by a majority of votes annually. SEC. 6. The State meetings shall be on the Anniversary of Independence. They shall concert such measures as may conduce to the benevolent purposes of the Society ; and the several State meetings shall, at suitable periods, make applications to their respective legislatures for grants of charters. SEC. 7. Any member removing from one State to another is to be consid ered, in all respects, as belonging to the meeting of the State in which he shall actually reside. SEC. 8. The State meeting shall judge of the qualification of its members, admonish, and (if necessary) expel any one who may conduct himself unworthily. SEC. 9. The Secretary of each State meeting shall register the names of the members resident in each State, and transmit a copy thereof to the Secre tary of the Society. SEC. 10. In order to form funds for the relief of unfortunate members, their their widows and orphans, each officer shall deliver to the Treasurer of the State meeting one-month s pay. SEC. n. No donations shall be received, but from citizens of the United States. SEC. 12. The funds of each State meeting shall be loaned to the State by permission of the legislature, and the interest only, annually to be applied for the purposes of the Society ; and if, in process of time, difficulties should occur in executing the intentions of the Society, the legislatures of the several States shall be requested to make such equitable dispositions as may be most cor respondent with the original design of the Institution. SEC. 13. The subjects of his Most Christian Majesty, members of this Society, may hold meetings at their pleasure, and form regulations for their police, conformably to the objects of the Institution, and to the spirit of their government. SEC. 14. The Society shall have an order ; which shall be a bald eagle of gold, bearing on its breast the emblems hereafter described, suspended by a deep blue ribbon edged with white, descriptive of the union of America and France. " The principal figure, Cincinnatus ; three Senators presenting him with a sword and other military ensigns. On a field, in the background, his wife THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 33 standing at the door of their cottage : near it a plough and other implements of husbandry. Round the whole, omnia reliquit servare rempublicam. On the reverse, sun rising ; a city with open gates, and vessels entering the port ; Fame crowning Cincinnatus with a wreath, inscribed virtutis prcemium. Below, hands joined, supporting a heart, with the motto, esto perpetua. Round the whole, Societas Cincinnatorum Instituta, A.D. 1783." SEC. 15. A silver medal, representing the emblems, to be given to each member of the Society ; together with a diploma on parchment, whereon shall be impressed the figures of the order and medal, as above mentioned. This proposed Institution was ordered to be forwarded to each State meeting, and to the meeting in France, accompanied by a Circular Letter, which said that they " had thought proper to recommend that the enclosed Institution of the Society " of the Cincinnati, as altered and amended at their first meeting, should be " adopted by your State Society." Then, referring to a popular misapprehension of the objects of the Society, the letter pro ceeds : " Therefore, to remove every cause of inquietude ; to annihilate every source of jealousy ; to designate explicitly the ground on which we wish to stand, and give one more proof that the officers of the American Army have a claim to be reckoned among the most faithful citizens, we have agreed that the following material alterations and amendments should take place : " That the hereditary succession should be abolished ; that all interference with political rights should be done away ; and that the funds should be placed under the immediate cognizance of the several legislatures, who should also be requested to grant charters for more effectually carrying our humane designs into execution. ******** And we appeal to your liberality * * * * for the ratification of our pro ceedings,"* 1784, MAY i8.f Resolved, That it be recommended to the respective State meetings to pro cure, as soon as convenient, two engrossed copies on parchment of the Institu tion, as altered and amended by this General Meeting, which shall be signed in the same manner as the original Institution was directed to be done ; one of which copies to be delivered to the Secretary or the Assistant Secretary, to be kept among the records of the General Society ; the other to be retained by the Secretary of the State meeting. -~ L^iMbv,;;, vlt ucl-ldlCU IU UC clUllllllCU JlllU LIJC OUUJCLy <*3 in v, ill L*- J, tt was abolished: so that the French officers were to be admitted only as members for life remained as it was originally proposed and adopted in 1783 34 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 1787, May 7. The Society met again in General Meeting. The proposed Amended Institution not hav ing received the ratification of the State Societies, on the I7th May the following preamble and resolution were presented, viz. : Whereas, several of the State Societies of the Cincinnati have not agreed to the alterations in the Institution proposed at the last General Meeting ; and whereas, these alterations cannot take effect until they have been agreed to by ALL the State Societies ; and whereas, it appears to be the general sense of the said Societies that some alteration in the Institution ought to be made ; and whereas, in the opinion of this meeting, such alterations as may be necessary cannot con veniently and effectually be made but at a General Meeting of the Society of the Cincinnati, specially authorized to agree upon, and finally establish the same. Therefore Resolved, That it be recommended to the several State Societies to empower their Delegates at the next General Meeting, to agree upon and finally establish all such alterations as may be necessary in the Constitution of the Society. On the following day (May 18) the Resolution (without the preamble) was adopted. 1788, May 8. An extra Session having been convened, only five States were represented. The Delegates present prepared and signed a Circular Letter which was transmitted to the several State Societies, in which they say : " We hope that the establishing a permanent Constitution, which requires " an unanimous vote of the representatives of all the State Societies, will excite " in each an emulation to have its delegates on the floor among the foremost." 1790, May. At a General Meeting on May 4, it was Resolved, That it be recommended to, and strongly enjoined upon the several State Societies, to empower their delegates at the next General Meeting to agree upon and finally establish all such alterations as may be thought neces sary in the Constitution, and to adopt and carry into execution such measures as may conduce to the security of the funds, and to the promotion of the gene ral interests of the Society. 1791, May. An extra General Meeting was held May 1791, at which seven State Societies, a majority of the whole, were represented. It was Resolved, That in the opinion of this extra General Meeting, the present representation of the several State Societies is not sufficient to make and finally establish such alterations as may be thought necessary in the Constitution of the Cincinnati, conformably to the resolution and recommendation of the Gene ral Meeting of the 4th of May, 1790. Resolved unanimously, That the several State Societies be strongly enjoined to send forward a full representation to the next triennial General Meeting, to be held in the City of Philadelphia, on the first Monday in May, 1793, fully em powered to agree upon, and finally establish all such alterations as may be thought necessary in the General Constitution of the Cincinnati. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 35 Resolved, That it be recommended to the State Societies to resolve that any amendments or alterations in the Institution of the Society of the Cin cinnati, which may be concurred in by the representatives of nine State Societies, in the next General Meeting, shall be obligatory upon them, and inviolably observed by every State Society, although not therein represented ; and to transmit such resolve duly authenticated to the Secretary-General. 1793, May 6. The fourth triennial meeting, convened in Philadelphia, May 6, 1793. Seven State Societies were represented Upon examining the proceedings of the several State Societies, which had been transmitted to the Secretary-General, it appearing that only five State Societies had signified their assent to the recommendation of the extra General Meeting of the 4th May, 1791, " that the representation of nine State Societies should be authorized to alter and amend the Institution of the Cincinnati, &c.," it was Unanimously Resolved That the several State Societies of the Cincinnati be again strongly enjoined to send forward a full representation to the next triennial General Meeting, to be held in the City of Philadelphia, on the first Monday of May, 1796, fully empowered to agree upon and finally establish all such alterations as may be thought necessary in the General Constitution of the Cincinnati. That it be recommended to the State Societies to resolve that any amend ments or alterations in the Institution of the Society of the Cincinnati, which may be concurred in by the representatives of seven* State Societies in the next General Meeting, shall be obligatory upon them, and inviolably observed by every State Society, although not therein represented, and to transmit such resolve, duly authenticated, to the Secretary-General. 1796, May 2. Triennial General Meeting, only five State Societies were represented. The delegates in attendance addressed a Circular Letter to the several State Societies, dated May 6, 1796, in which they say : " * * * The proposed alteration of the Constitution, which was deemed " of sufficient importance to have claimed the immediate and animated atten- " tion of every State Society, has shared the fate of other propositions, and " remains yet undetermined. * * * * They recommend that every exertion " be made toward completing the State representations in the next triennial " General Meeting ; and to guard against the consequences of any failure " therein, it is requested that the several State Societies would, in the inter- " mediate time, transmit their resolutions, relative to the requisition of 1793, " to the Secretary-General." 1799, MAY 6. At the General Triennial Meeting only two State Societies were represented. Adjourned, to meet in the City of Philadelphia on the first Monday in May next. * In 1791, it was proposed that concurrence of the representatives of nine State Societies should be necessary. 36 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 1800, MAY 5. An adjourned General Meeting was held, eight State Societies being represented. A Committee was appointed to examine the Records of the Society, and report to this Meeting the state of the Institution. This Committee reported as follows : The Committee appointed to examine the records of the Society, and to report to this meeting the state of the Institution in relation to the alteration of the Constitution, which was proposed by the General Meeting held in the City of Philadelphia in the year 1784, beg leave to report, That on inspecting the documents in the possession of the Secretary-General they do not find that any additional communications have been made from the several State Societies, since the Circular Letter from the General Meeting of 1796, on the subject of the proposed alteration above referred to. From the silence which the State Societies have observed, after the pressing Circular Letters of the General Meeting, your Committee are led to conclude that they do not accede to the proposed reform; and your Committee conceive therefrom that they are authorized to report to the General Meeting That the Institution of the Society of the Cincinnati remains as it was originally proposed and adopted by the officers of the American Army, at their Cantonments on the banks of the Hudson River, in 1783. JOSEPH BLOOMFIELD, \ ENOS HITCHCOCK, \ Committee. EBEN. HUNTINGTON, ) May 7th, 1800. Which report, on motion of General SMITH, seconded by Colonel LAWRENCE, was unanimously adopted. It was moved by Major PINCKNEY, seconded by General HOWARD, That a majority of the State Societies, which shall convene in General Meet ing, is competent to recommend alterations in the Constitution, which alterations being afterwards assented to by seven State Societies, shall be binding on all the State Societies : Provided, the consent to such alterations be reported by the Societies agreeing to the same, to the next General Meeting. The ayes and noes on the foregoing resolutions being taken by State Societies, are as follows : Massachusetts, No. Rhode Island, No. Connecticut, No. New York, No. New Jersey, No. Pennsylvania, No. Maryland, Divided. South Carolina. Divided. So it passed in the negative. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 37 1825, Nov. 2. A Committee having been appointed to inquire and report whether any and what alterations in the Constitution are expedient,* reported the following, to be in force as soon as adopted by all the State Societies in existence, and due notice thereof accordingly given by each respective Society to the Secretary or Assistant Secretary-General, as the case may be. ist AMENDMENT. That whenever a vacancy shall happen in regard to any of the officers of the General Society, it shall be the duty of the Secretary- General, or in case it should have happened to him, of the Assistant Secretary- General, to give notice accordingly to the President of each State Society, whose duty it shall be, at their next anniversary meeting, to ballot for some suitable person to supply such vacancy; whose name shall be transmitted to such Secre tary or Assistant Secretary-General, as the case may be, who shall thereupon count up the votes; and the person who shall have a plurality of votes shall suc ceed to such vacancy; and in case of an equality of votes, the one of them who may be senior in age shall be such successor. 2d AMENDMENT. It shall be the duty of the officers of the General Society to meet in the City of Philadelphia, on the first Monday in May, at least once in every three years, according to their own appointment, or on notice from the President-General; and they, or as many as shall convene, shall be a Board, under such rules as they may prescribe, to transact such business as might be transacted at a Meeting of the General Society, and to call such meetings as often as the exigencies of the Society may seem to require. * The minutes do not show that the meeting took action on the report, and it is not known that these pro posed amendments were considered by any of the State Societies. It is certain they were not adopted. 38 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. MEMBERSHIP OF FRENCH OFFICERS. 1784, MAY 15. Resolved, That the officers of his Most Sacred Majesty s Army and Navy, who have served in America, and who were promoted to the rank of Colonel for special services, are comprehended in the Institution of the Cincinnati, as altered and amended.* 1784, MAY 17. Resolved, That Monsieur de Tarle, Intendent and Second Officer of the French Auxiliary Army, and * * * * (naming several French officers), * * are entitled by the spirit and intention of the Institution to become Mem bers of the Cincinnati. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this General Meeting that Lieutenant Colonel de Bouchet is entitled, from his services, to be admitted a member of the Cincinnati, and he is admitted accordingly. 1787, MAY 17. A Committee for devising a mode for furnishing Diplomas to the "Foreign Members of the Society." Reported (inter alia) " that as soon as the said Secretary shall receive the the names of the said Foreign Members, he cause the same to be inserted in the number of Diplomas necessary, which shall be completed with the signatures of the President and the said Secretary. That the Secretary transmit those designed for the Marine Officers of France to the Count D Estaing, and those for the land officers to the Count de Rocham- beau, senior officers, &c., &c. That the Diplomas for the Foreign officers who served in the armies of the United States be transmitted to the Marquis de la Fayette. The report was agreed to. A preamble referring to " the brilliant military services of his Excellency the Marquis de f Bouille, late Governor of Martinico and Commander-in-Chief of his Most Christian Majesty s land forces in the West Indies, was adopted, and it was Resolved, that the President-General transmit instructions to the President or Senior officer of the Society in France to offer to, and invest the Marquis de Bouille with the order of the Cincinnati. 1787, MAY 18. Resolved, nem. con., That the right of admitting foreign officers (except such as are under the first and second sections of the General Rules) \ is vested in the General Meeting, and they are sole judges of such admissions. * The Institution, as "altered and amended, "recognized no succession of membership. So far, therefore, as this and other resolutions of the General Meetings of 1784, 1787-1790, adopted in conformity with the proposed Institution, confer any right of membership, such right was only for the life of the party. The parties named made no contribution to the funds, and were not required to sign the Rolls, as did the officers of the American Army, and as is required by the Institution. t This gentleman did not serve in the United States. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 39 1790, MAY 4. Resolved, That all claims of French gentlemen now before the General Meeting for admissions as members be referred to the Count d Estaing, the Count de Rochambeau and the Marquis de la Fayette. That the Secretary-General write a letter to the said gentlemen and inform them that the General Meeting confide the honour of the Society to their keeping as it respects the said claims ; trusting that they will decide thereon according to the principles of the Institution and the spirit of the French Gov ernment. That on one or more of the said gentlemen duly certifying under his or their hands and seals, that any of the persons whose claims are now referred, have passed the necessary investigations and approbation in France, the Secre tary-General will transmit the diplomas accordingly. 1791, MAY 4. Resolved, That the applications of all French gentlemen on the files of the General Meeting, for admission as members of the Cincinnati, be referred to the Count d Estaing, Count de Rochambeau, or the Marquis de la Fayette agreeably to the resolve of the 4th of May, 1790. 1829, MAY 5. Resolved, That upon application of foreign officers, members* of the Society, diplomas are to be issued by the Secretary-General, under the direction of the President-General. 1860, MAY 2. M. le Comte Maurice du Pare applied to be received a member in right of his uncle, the Count du Pare Coatrescar, one of the French officers of the rank of Colonel, whom the Society consid ered as member. Resolved, That a respectful answer be made by the Secretary-General to M. du Pare, stating that the applicant is not, according to the Institution of the Society, entitled to membership. * Many foreign officers held commissions in the American Army, and as such were entitled to be members of the Society under the Institution. 40 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. MANNER OF VOTING. 1784, MAY 5. Resolved, unanimously, That the manner of voting be by the Representation of each State Society. 1848, Nov. 29. Resolved, That on all questions to be decided at the present meeting each State delegation shall be entitled to cast three votes, and each of the officers of the General Society shall be entitled to cast one vote, and a majority of all the votes thus cast shall be necessary to a decision. Also, that it be referred to a Committee of one Member from each State delegation, to report, at the next meeting of the General Society, on what principles or rules the votes shall be taken in the meetings of the General Society hereafter. 1851, MAY 7. The Committee appointed under the preceding resolution reported the following " Ordi nance ": " Be it ordained by the General Society of the Cincinnati, that all elections of the officers of this Society shall be by ballot, and that in such elections each representation present from a State Society shall be entitled to cast five votes ; and each of the officers of the General Society who shall be present, shall be entitled to cast one vote ; and the majority of all the votes thus cast shall be necessary to an election. " And be it further ordained, that in the decision of all resolutions and ques tions submitted to the action of the General Society, the vote shall (upon the request of any delegate from a State Society, or of any officer present) be taken in the following manner, viz.: each representation present from a State Society shall be entitled to cast five votes ; and each of the officers of the General Society, who shall be present, shall be entitled to cast one vote ; and a majority of all the votes thus cast shall be necessary for an affirmative decision. And upon any question thus brought to a vote, the yeas and nays shall be entered on the minutes, at the desire of any three members present, whether delegates or officers." THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 41 PRESIDENT-GENERAL. 1784, MAY 7. Resolved, That the President-General of the meeting of the Cincinnati for the time being shall ever be considered ex-officio a member of all Committees, and have a right to debate and vote therein, whenever he may think proper to attend. STATE TROOPS. 1784, MAY 13. A question having arisen whether, by a construction of the principles of the Institution, such officers of the State Troops as have served three years can be admitted as Members; Resolved in the affirmative. 42 THE SOCIETY OK THE CINCINNATI. RULES AND ORDER OF BUSINESS. 1787, MAY 14. A Committee for preparing Rules and Regulations for Conducting the business of the Gen eral Meeting Reported. I. When seven or more States assemble for business, the members shall come to order by taking their seats, and no one shall leave the room until the meeting is adjourned, without permission from the President or Chairman. II. The order of business shall be to read the Journals, if any, of the pre ceding day, then the Dispatches, then the reports of Committees, and then the order of the day ; which, being completed, other matters may be introduced. III. When in session, members shall not speak to one another ; but, rising, shall address the themselves to the President or Chairman only. IV. All motions, except for adjourning, the meeting from day to day, or for postponing the decision of a question, shall be made in writing. V. No motion shall be debated, nor any question taken thereon, unless the same is seconded. VI. All questions shall be decided by a majority of State Representations present ; seven making a quorum. VII. All offices and Special Committees shall be appointed by ballot ; but in other matters, wherein the members are not agreed, the States shall be called, and answer by the words aye and no. VIII. Upon a motion of adjournment from day to day, the question shall be put without debate, and shall take place of all other questions. IX. No member shall speak more than once, until every other member who chuses, shall have spoken to the same question ; nor shall any member speak oftener than twice, in any case, unless for explanation, and then, without argument. X. No member shall interrupt another while speaking, unless to call him to order. XI. All motions in writing shall be open to amendment previously to putting the main question ; and motions for postponing the whole, or any part of a question shall be first in order. XII. Questions of order shall be determined by the President or Chairman without debate, but an appeal may be made to the meeting ; in which case they shall immediately decide, after permitting every member who chuses, to speak once. XIII. In cases to which the preceding rules do not apply, the President or Chairman shall conduct the proceedings according to his best discretion. The foregoing rules were adopted. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 43 1800, MAY 7. Ordered, That at every General Meeting, after the credentials of the respec tive members shall have been read, the Secretary-General shall read the rules and regulations for conducting the business of the General Meeting, as adopted May, 1787, previous to any other business. 1872, MAY 29. Resoh ed, That at this, and every succeeding meeting of the General Society of the Cincinnati, the principles embodied in the original Institution of the Society be read as part of the regular proceedings. 44 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. TENURE OF OFFICE. 1787, MAY 19. Resolved unanimously That the several officers chosen by this Society, shall hold their offices until the last day of the next General Meeting, unless others shall be duly elected in their room. STATE SOCIETIES TO MAKE REPORTS. 1787, MAY 19. Ordered, That the several State Societies be punctual hereafter in commu nicating to each General Meeting fair and accurate returns of their respective members, properly authenticated, and that the said Societies do, in all things, strictly conform to the principles of the Institution. 1878, MAY 22. Resolved, That at each triennial meeting, the Treasurers of the different State Societies report in writing, the amount of funds, the number of benefi ciaries, and the average amount given to each. INCORPORATION RECOMMENDED. 1791, MAY 5. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this extra General Meeting, that it would be expedient for the State Societies to take proper measures for obtaining Acts of Incorporation, so far as may relate to securing to each State Society respect ively their funds, for the charitable objects for which they were designed, and that the proper mode of disposing of the same would be by loaning their certificates in the Loan Offices of their States respectively, and of subscribing their funds, whenever it may be convenient, to the Bank of the United States. "THE DIAMOND INSIGNIA." 1811, AUGUST 8. The President-General reported to the General Society That the Diamond Insignia of the Order of the Cincmnati, which had been presented by the Marine Officers of France, who were members of the Society, to his Excellency General Washington and by the heirs of the General, had been sent to General Hamilton, was delivered to him (General Pinckney) by Mrs. Hamilton and as he conceived that this testimonial of respect for the immortal Washington, which his heirs had delivered to General Hamilton, and Mrs. Hamilton had been pleased to confide to him, as President-General of the Society, ought, in respectful remembrance of her flattering distinction, to be here- THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 45 after considered as appurtenant to the office of President-General, he requested that this memorandum might be inserted on the records of the General Society. Whereupon it was unanimously resolved, That the respectful and affectionate thanks of the General Society of the Cincinnati be presented to Mrs. Hamilton for this highly Acceptable present ; and that the wish of the President-General, expressed in his memorandum is respectfully acceded to by the Society. MEETINGS. From 1805 to 1825, with the exception of the triennial meeting in 1811, the minutes are wanting. A manuscript letter to the President of the New York State Society, from a delegate, gives an account of an adjourned meeting held in September, 1812, at which only four State Societies were represented, and no business was transacted. All the meetings up to 1812 were either regular triennial meetings or meetings held by adjournment. In 1825 the President-General and Vice-President-General having died, the Sec retary-General appointed a meeting of the General Society to be held November i, 1825. 1829, MAY 5. Resolved, that such State Societies and officers of the General Society as convene in General Meetings, shall be competent to transact business. 1832, MAY 7. Resolved, That the President-General be authorized to call a meeting of the General Society, whenever circumstances may appear to render it necessary : also that the State Societies be requested to appoint delegates annually to represent them in the General Meeting. 1838, MAY 7. Resolved, That until further orders are given on the subject, the stated tri ennial meetings of the Society be dispensed with, and that future meetings be held when directed by the President-General, or in the event of his absence or death, by the Vice-President-General; and that it shall be the duty of the Secre tary-General to give due notice of the same to the several State Societies of the Cincinnati in existence at such times. Resolved, That the different State Societies of the Cincinnati be requested, annually to appoint delegates to attend any meeting tnat may be called. SITUATION OF THE STATE SOCIETIES IN 1811. 1811, AUGUST 8. Ordered, That a Committee of three members be appointed to ascertain the present situation of the several State Societies, and to make report to the General Society. August 9. The following report was read and unanimously agreed to: and it was ordered that the Circular Letter be sijned by the President and Secretary General in behalf of the dele gates. " In obedience to the resolve of the General Society, which instructs your Committee " to ascertain the present situation of the several State Societies of 46 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. the Cincinnati," your Committee beg leave to report that, as far as their limited inquiry extends, it appears, on the information of some of its members, that a portion of the members of the Delaware Society have dissolved that Society, and distributed its funds. And on less authentic information it would also seem that portions of the members of the Connecticut and Virginia State Societies of the Cincinnati have also dissolved their societies, and diverted their funds from the purposes to which they were originally pledged, and that the other State Societies of the Cincinnati continue under the original Constitu tion, as agreed on by the officers of the American Army on the banks of the Hudson in the year 1783. " Your Committee beg leave further to report that, under a consideration of these circumstances, they think it advisable to address a letter from the General Society of the Cincinnati to the respective State Societies; the following draught of which they respectfully submit." It was unanimously ordered that the proposed letter be sent to the several State Societies; as follows: " To the , . State Society of the Cincinnati. Urged by all the considerations, which an endeared remembrance of the causes that led to the organization of the Society of the Cincinnati can sug gest, and under an ardent wish to perpetuate the benevolent objects for which it was instituted, the delegates to the General Society, now convened at Phila delphia, have resolved, without reserve, to communicate the sentiments with which they are deeply impressed, to the several State Societies. " It is with extreme regret they state that the apprehension, heretofore enter tained, and often expressed, that the neglect, on the part of several State Societies, to appoint delegates to the General Society, would be productive of the most serious consequences, .is alarmingly realised by the inconsiderate act of a portion of the members of one or more State Societies, in dissolving their official connection as members of the Cincinnati, and in distributing those funds which had long ceased to be individual property, or liable to any but their original appropriation. An act such as this most evidently involves a departure from the solemn engagement, entered into on the banks of the Hud son, to perpetuate the Institution, and to preserve unalienated, and unimpaired, those funds which had been sacredly devoted to the relief of distressed mem bers and their families. That this deeply regretted cessation of intercourse, between the General and State Societies, has been the influential cause of these errors, is our most serious conviction ; and that the best corrective of these unconstitutional proceedings will be found in the immediate renewal of that endeared intercourse, no one who indulges the recollection of the scenes, that passed in the service of our beloved country, can for a moment hesitate to believe. " It is, therefore, most earnestly recommended to the several State Societies that they would not only appoint delegates to attend the next meeting of the General Society, which will be held at Philadelphia on the second Tuesday of September, 1812, but that they would enjoin their punctual attendance, as the MAJOR GKNKRAT. s THK SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 47 most efficient means of restoring that harmony which ought forever to subsist between men, who, as faithful comrades in honor and misfortune, must anx iously desire, by the continuance of this Society, to transmit a grateful remem brance of their union, and of those services, by which the national claim to sovereignty and independence was established.* " Done in General Society of the Cincinnati at Philadelphia, August 9, 1811. By unanimous Order, CHARLES COTESWORTH PINCKNEY, President- General. " W. JACKSON, Secretary- General. 1829, MAY 5. Resolved, That the members residing in any State not having a State Society of the Cincinnati, may form themselves into such State Society. * The New Hampshire State Society continued to hold its meetings regularly until 1823, but subsequently became extinct. The last of its original members (Capt. Daniel Gookin) died about the year 1830. In 1842 his son, John W. Gookin, of North Yarmouth, Maine, presented the books and papers of the Society to the New Hampshire Historical Society, who have published the proceedings of the Cincinnati in the sixth volume of their collections. From the list of names published by the New Hampshire Historical Society, there appear to have been twenty-nine original members belonging- to the State Society. The Connecticut State Society, at its Anniversary Meeting on July 4, 1804, adopted the following resolution, viz.: "That the Connecticut State Society shall, this 4th day of July, 1804, be dissolved, and that each original member, his legal heirs or representatives, shall be entitled to receive his proportion of the funds of the Society, in equal proportions to the sums by them respectively paid in, as soon as the same can be ascertained by a committee appointed for that purpose." A committee was appointed to make out a schedule of the original members, the sums which they had respectively paid in, and the amount which they are respectively entitled to receive. A sub sequent meeting was to be held for the purpose of hearing the report of the committee and distributing the funds. It was further resolved " that all money belonging to this society, not paid to the members by the loth day of May next, shall be by said committee placed in the Treasury of Yale College, in trust, as a place of safe keeping for the members or their legal representatives," &c., &c. By a vote of the Society, all its books, papers and other documents were deposited in the hands of John Mix, Esq., for safe keeping. They are now in the keeping of the Connecticut Historical Society, at Hartford, with whom they are understood to have been deposited by the heirs of John Mix. On the original Roll of the Connecticut State Society, deposited in the Historical Society, there appear two hundred and forty-eight names of original members (officers in the Army) and eleven in right of deceased officers. At the meeting on the 4th July, 1804, a committee on the Treasurer s accounts estimated the funds of the Society at upwards of $15,000. The Delaware State Society is understood to have continued its existence but a short time. At a meeting of the New York State Society, August 2, 1804, a letter was read from Edward Roach, late Secretary of the Delaware State Society, stating that that Society had been dissolved long since, and the funds been divided among the members. A list of members of the Delaware Society, returned to the General Society in 1788, shows twenty-seven original members. The Virginia State Society. The committee (of 1811) was in error in reporting the dissolution of the Vir ginia Society. The Hon. Francis T. Brooke, formerly Judge of Appeals in Virginia, in a letter written in 1848, states that he had formerly been Vice-President of the Virginia Society; that its last meeting was held in 1821 or 1822, when a resolution was passed directing the Vice-President and Treasurer (Major Gibson) to transfer the funds to " Washington College, at Lexington," and then dissolved. It is understood that the minutes, &c., of the Virginia Society are in existence, and that they are soon to be published by the Virginia State Historical Society. The North Carolina State Society was represented in the General Meeting of 1790, as was also the Georgia State Society. But little has been traced of either of these two Societies. It is known that an election of officers of the Georgia Society was held in 1795, but no later account has been found. 48 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. DESCENT THROUGH FEMALE LINE. 1829, MAY 5. A question having arisen whether, in case of the death of a member having no male issue except a grandson, the issue of a daughter, such grandson shall be preferred to make collaterals; the Society conceived the true construction to be that the grandson shall be preferred, he being in the direct line of descent. ELECTION OF MEMBERS TENURE OF OFFICE. 1844, Nov. 29. Resolved, That the Secretary-General be requested to collect from the minutes and proceedings of the Society the different rules and regulations which have from time to time been adopted in regard to the election and tenure of office of the members and officers thereof. 1848, Nov. 29. At a meeting of the General Society of the Cincinnati, held in Philadelphia, the 29th November, 1848, the Secretary-General made the accompanying report, in conformity with a resolution of the special meeting of November 28, 1844, which was adopted, and ordered to be printed for the use of members of the State Societies. "Resolved, That the Secretary-General be requested to collect from the minutes and proceedings of the Society the different rules and regulations that have been from time to time adopted in regard to the election and tenure of members and officers thereof." " The Secretary-General reports : " That he has carefully examined all the minutes and proceedings of the Society in his possession, and respectfully submits the following as the result : " The Constitution, accepted by the Society in 1783, provides that the mem bers shall consist of the officers of the American Army, as well those who have resigned with honour, after three years service in the capacity of officers, or who have been deranged by the resolutions of Congress, upon the several reforms of the army, as those who shall have continued to the end of the war. Those officers who are foreigners, not resident in any of the States, to have their names enrolled by the Secretary-General. And declares the Society shall endure as long as they endure, or any of their eldest jnale posterity, and in failure thereof, the collateral branches, who may be judged worthy of becoming its supporters and members. " This last provision is extended in like manner to the descendants of such officers as had died in the service. " The admission of honorary members, for their own lives only, is also provided for by the Constitution ; but they are not to exceed in number in each State a ratio of one to four of the officers or their descendants. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 49 " The same instrument directs that, " in the general meeting, the President, Vice- President, Secretary, Assistant Secretary, Treasurer, and Assistant Treas urer-General, shall be chosen to serve until next meeting." " At the first general meeting of the Society, held on the 4th of May, 1784, and continued by adjournment until the iSthof said month, it was unanimously resolved, " that the manner of voting be by the representation of each State Society." Subsequently, at said meeting, material alterations in the Constitu tion were agreed to, affecting (inter alia) the election and tenure of members and officers. These alterations, however, never received the sanction of the State Societies, as appears by the unanimous adoption, in general meeting, in May, A. D. 1800, of the following report of a committee appointed to examine the records of the Society, and report to said meeting the state of the insti tution, viz. : " That the institution of the Society of the Cincinnati remains as it was originally proposed and adopted by the officers of the American Army, at their cantonments on the banks of the Hudson, in 1783." " Since the re-acknowledgment of the original institution, the Secretary- General finds nothing touching the election or tenure of members, except the following, extracted from the minutes of a general meeting, held on the 4th of May, 1829, viz. : "A question having arisen whether, in case of the death of a member having no male issue except a grandson, the issue of a daughter, such grandchild shall be preferred to collaterals ; the Society conceives the true construction of the Constitution to be, that the grandchild shall be preferred, he being in the direct line of descent." " And in relation to the officers of the Society, he finds that since the substi tution of special for stated triennial meetings, the officers have been chosen for three years, and thenceforward until a new election takes place. A. W. JOHNSTON, Secretary-General." TRUSTEES TO HOLD FUNDS. 1848, Nov. 30. Resolved, That the Chairman appoint three Trustees, of whom the Treasurer- General, for the time being, shall be one, in whose joint names all investments of the funds of the General Society shall be made, and who shall change and trans fer such investments to their successors or otherwise, as the Society shall from time to time direct. Also resolved, That in case of the death or resignation of one of the said Trustees, the survivors shall have power to appoint a Trustee in his place, to hold office until the next meeting of the Society. Mr. A. W. Johnston and Mr. Markland were appointed Trustees in conjunction with the Treasurer-General. 1856, MAY. Mr. John McDowell, Jun., was appointed Trustee in place of A. W. Johnston, deceased ; and in 1863 Mr. Robert Adams was appointed in place of Mr. Markland, deceased. 50 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 1875, MAY 13. Resolved, That the U. S. Bonds belonging to the Society, and any other secu rities which may hereafter be acquired, be invested in the joint names of the Treasurer-General and Assistant Treasurer-General as Trustees, with the right of survivorship, and that in case of any change in either of these officers, from death or other cause, that the said Bonds and Securities be transferred (from time to time) to the actual officers above named and immediately upon the appointment of a new Trustee all investments of the Societies Securities shall be transferred to the joint names of the then existing Trustees, as joint tenants. 1875, MAY 13. Resolved, That the Treasurer-General be directed to deposit the current receipts of money from our funds in such bank as he may select with the con currence of the President-General, to the credit of the General Society of the Cincinnati, subject to the draft of the Treasurer-General for the time being, or, in case of his death, of the Assistant-Treasurer. EXPENSES OF THE GENERAL MEETINGS. 1854, MAY 18. Resolved, That in future the expenses of the General Meetings of the Society be borne in equal proportions by the State Societies, whether represented or not. TITLE, &c., OF MEMBERS. 1855, FEB. 7. Resolved, That hereafter no other title than that of Mr. be used in desig nating members in the minutes of the General Society. 1863, MAY 14. Resolved, That the resolution adopted on 7th February, 1855, whereby it was ordered "that hereafter no other title than that of Mr. be used in designating members in the minutes of the General Society," be and the same is hereby rescinded. CHAPLAINS. 1860, MAY 2. Resolved, That one or more Chaplains be appointed. Also, that the Rev. Mr. Alfred L. Baury, Rev. Mr. David Smith, and the Rev. Mr. Maucius S. Hutton, be such Chaplains. 1863, MAY 14. Rev. Charles S. Beatty was, on motion, appointed one of the Chaplains. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 51 SUCCESSION AND ADMISSION OF MEMBERS. 1851, MAY. A Committee appointed in 1848 to inquire and report with regard to the admission of mem bers, &c., reported (among other things) as follows : " The best answer to be given to the inquiry proposed to the Committee, is not by any innovation, but by the just interpretation of those principles that prevailed during the life-time of the founders. They laid down certain great principles, which we hold sacred and inviolable ; our feelings, our judgment, and our duty concur in inhibiting the suggestion of change in them. "The Society of the Cincinnati was not limited to the lives of its founders, or to those of their immediate families. It was established as a Society of Friends, to endure as long as any of their eldest male posterity, and on failure thereof, the collateral branches, who might be judged worthy of becoming its members. "Although these terms did not, by their own force, provide any distinct and positive limitation, relating as they did more precisely to the duration of the Society, they certainly contemplated the principle of hereditary succession, in the lineage of the first founder ; providing against an extinction of the Society on the failure of the eldest male branch of his posterity, by embracing under the description of collaterals, all his other male descendants, not confined to any specific line (male or female) of derivation." * * * * * . * * * " The Committee may here advert to the original distinction marked between the eldest male posterity and the collateral branches ; that is, in terms, between the eldest and collateral male branches. It is obvious, as used in this connection, that the word collateral meant collateral to eldest male ; in other words, the term denoted the younger branches of the male posterity ; and it did not intend to embrace, except, perhaps, remotely, brothers or nephews of original members." ******** " In this connection the Committee would refer to the action of the General Meeting, held in Philadelphia, in May, 1829, when a question having arisen whether, in case of the death of a member having no male issue except a grandson, the issue of a daughter, such grandson shall be preferred to male collaterals ; the Society conceived the true construction of the Constitution to be, that the grandson shall be preferred, he being in the direct line of descent. " Doing away with the apparent distinction drawn between eldest and col lateral in the lineal descent, and opening the succession equally to all in the direct line of descent of the first founder, allows room for choice on the ground of merit, and leaves the question solely, who shall fill the place with most advan tage? Proper distinction is still to be maintained between those in direct line and other more remote collaterals in favor of the former, so long as any of the former are found worthy. And there will be no danger that the preference given to the eldest will not prevail, as long as those proper feelings of mankind, which point to the eldest son as the natural successor of the father in the seat of honor, while there is no other more worthy to enjoy it, shall continue. That a due regard will always be paid to the predilections of the founders of the 52 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Institution, we may safely trust to the sentiments of filial piety and reverence in their descendants. The prescriptive preference of the eldest son has been religiously observed by most of the State Societies. That the fundamental principle has been faithfully preserved, and that the Institution stands on its hereditary ground, the best attestation is, that while the original members are almost gone, their places are chiefly filled by their eldest lineal descendants." * * ***##* " It is in vain, in the present diversity of practice, to exact a uniform rule, or extract from the variety more than a general principle ; or to insist upon any ground but one that shall embody the spirit, and embrace the objects of the original Institution in its comprehensive scope, limiting the succession to the blood of the Revolution. "The Committee is, therefore, brought to the conclusion that the Institution remains on the original foundation of 1783, subject, however, to some modifi cation of the strict technical construction of the terms therein used with regard to the hereditary succession, congenial to the spirit of our civil institutions, and in accordance with the sense of the General Society and of the State Societies, as expressed in reference to the proposed amendment of 1784: that the right of succession is not absolute even in the eldest son, but is subject to the right of the Society to judge whether he be worthy of becoming its supporter and member. That this right of the Society to judge of the merit of the applicant applies equally to the eldest son and to the collateral branches, descending from the original members ; and thus that the right of succession, by title of primogeniture, is wholly subordinate to the claim of worth and merit on the part of the applicant. " The Committee believe this to have been the final intention of the framers of the Institution, and also to be a fair construction of the language of that instrument. At all events, the silent action and usage of the Society, in all its branches, for considerably more than half a century, has given a construction to this principle which cannot well now be questioned. " In the Ordinance submitted herewith expression is distinctly given to this construction." ** ****** " The Committee believe that they express the feeling of every member of the Society when they declare their entire unwillingness to extend the right of membership in any succession, whether lineal or collateral, beyond the descend ants, or other representatives of the officers of the American Army during the War of the Revolution. "From them it is hoped and believed that the Society may be recruited to its original strength and vigor. " The Committee has neither been willing nor felt itself at liberty to suggest any rule which should conflict with the great principles which were laid down in the establishment of the Institution. These they regard as sacred, invio lable. " The sources whence increased numbers are hoped for under the plan recommended by the Committee, and embraced in the Ordinance reported here with, are two-fold, i. The descendants of officers of the American Army of the Revolution, who did not themselves become members of the Society. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 53 2. The admission of all the adult male descendants of the original members of the Society instead of confining the representation to a single descendant. " The original Institution does not restrict the representation of the officer of the army who became a member of the Society, to a single descendant of such officer. The Society is to endure as long as they shall endure, or any of their eldest male posterity, &c. who may be judged worthy of becoming its sup porters and members. This language, it may be argued, admits of more than one of such posterity being admitted ; and it has been shown, that the practice in at least one State Society, has been to admit several representatives of the original stock, at the same time ; and this practice is entirely in accordance with the spirit of that design of the founders of the Institution, which sought to perpetuate as well the remembrance of a vast event, as the friendships formed under the pressure of common danger, and particularly to extend acts of beneficence towards those officers and their families, who unfortunately may be under the necessity of receiving it. " It will be observed, that the Ordinance reported herewith, proposes to recognize, in terms, the right of any State Society to admit all the adult male descendants of any officer of the American Army of the Revolution, who was, or who was entitled to have become a member of the Society, but not the absolute right of such descendants to claim admission without regard to the judgment of the Society. " With these observations, the Committee submit the result of their deliber ations, in the form of an Ordinance, for the consideration of the General Society. " Should this Ordinance, in whole or in part, meet the approbation of the General Society, or be susceptible of amendment, so as to secure such appro bation, it will, in the opinion of the Committee, be necessary that it be trans mitted in the form eventually approved, to the several State Societies for their approval and ratification ; and if approved and adopted by them, the Com mittee recommend that it be considered and declared a rule for future action in the admission of members to the Society of the Cincinnati." This report was adopted and the Ordinance reported by the Committee was adopted by the General Meeting in the form following, and its adoption recommended to the State Societies : AN ORDINANCE RELATIVE TO THE SUCCESSION AND ADMISSION OF MEMBERS. Be it ordained by the Society of the Cincinnati, I. That lineal succession to membership shall be according to the rules of inheritance at the common law, except only as in these canons it is otherwise provided: and provided that none but males shall at any time be admitted to membership. II. In lineal succession the officer of the Army of the Revolution who is or was a member, or who had a right to become a member, shall in all cases be deemed and taken as the propositus from whom succession shall be derived. 54 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. III. No person under the age of twenty-one years shall be admitted a member; but the right of membership in lineal succession having been established, the use of that right shall remain in abeyance until the applicant shall attain the full age of twenty-one years. IV. Hereafter all male descendants of officers of the Revolutionary Army may be admitted to membership by any of the State Societies ; but such admission shall be upon terms, that is to say : each and every of the male descendants of the said officers so to be admitted, except such as shall or may be entitled in lineal succession from his father, or other progenitor, shall pay into the Treasury of -the State Society into which he shall be admitted, the sum of sixty dollars. V. The General Society of the Cincinnati shall have power and authority to admit honorary members at their discretion. VI. It shall be the duty of the Secretary of each of the State Societies to transmit annually, between the fourth day of July and the first day of October, to the Secretary-General, a certified list of all the officers and members of the State Society to which he shall belong. VII. Each and every of the State Societies shall pay into the Treasury of the General Society the sum of ten dollars, for the account of the admission of every member who shall be admitted under or by virtue of the fourth canon, before mentioned. VIII. In case of an application for admission as a member, by right of descent in the lineal succession, as recognized in the first of these canons, if the State Society to which such application be presented, shall be of opinion that from any cause the applicant is unworthy to be admitted, they may decline to admit such applicant, and hold the right of succession in abeyance. 1854, MAY 18. The Ordinance relative to the succession and admission of members, recommended at the last triennial meeting to the action of the State Societies, being called up for consideration, and it appearing from the Secretary-General s report of the communications made to him on the subject, that several State Societies had not concurred in said Ordinances, it was announced by the Presi dent-General that the Ordinances not having received the assent of all the State Societies have failed to be adopted. The following preamble and resolutions were reported by a committee, viz. : Whereas, the Ordinances relating to succession and membership, proposed at the last triennial meeting to the several State Societies for their sanction, do not appear to have been adopted by them, while no disagreement or dissatis faction has been evinced, in respect to the general principles contained in the report submitted with the same, which has been received with favor and approved, so far as opinion has been expressed ; therefore, in order to carry out those principles more satisfactorily, and at the same time to harmonize their results with the views and practical constructions prevailing among the different State Societies, THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 55 Resolved, That each State Society shall have the full right and power to regulate the admission of members, both as to the qualifications of the members and the terms of admission, Provided, that admission be confined to the male descendants of original members, or of those who are now members (including collateral branches as contemplated by the original Constitution" ; or to the male descendants of such officers of the Army or Navy as may have been entitled to admission, but who failed to avail themselves thereof within the time limited by the Constitution ; or to the male descendants of such officers of the Army or Navy of the Revolution as may have resigned with honor or left the service with reputation ; or to the male collateral relatives of any officer who died in service without leaving issue. Resolved, That the male descendants of those who were members of State Societies which have been dissolved, may be admitted into existing Societies upon such terms as those Societies may think proper to prescribe. Resolved, That the foregoing resolutions be proposed to the several State Societies and their assent be requested thereto ; and upon such assent being given by each of the remaining Societies, the Secretary-General shall issue notice thereof to each Society ; and thereupon the said resolutions shall become operative, and each State Society shall be at liberty to act upon the power given thereby. 1856, MAY. The resolutions recommended by the General Meeting, held in 1854, for adoption by the several State Societies, not having received the concurrent approval of these Societies, the General Meeting held in Trenton, May, 1856, at which delegates were present from five State Societies, viz.: Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, South Carolina, the following pre amble and resolutions were adopted, viz. : Whereas, the resolutions in reference to the admission of members which were adopted by the triennial meeting at Baltimore in May, 1854, were the result of careful deliberation and successive action continued though a number of years; And, whereas, the said meeting was the first and only one at which there was a full representation of all the State Societies, in addition to the whole of the officers, and said action was concurred in by all the officers and representatives present at said meeting ; And, whereas, this meeting is satisfied tint a large majority of the State Societies desire the adoption of said resolutions, and deem it more consistent with the principles of the General Society that the State Societies should be permitted to exercise their judgment within the limits named in said resolu tions, than that either the majority or minority of said Societies should control the action of the other. Therefore, Resolved, That the resolution adopted at the last triennial meeting, requir ing the assent of the several State Societies to the resolutions in relation to the admission of members, as the condition on which the said resolutions shall become operative, be, and the same is hereby, repealed.* * The effect of this resolution has been supposed to give immediate force and operation to the first and second resolutions proposed by the triennial General Meeting of 1854. for assent by the several State Societies, and these resolutions have accordingly been acted upon by several of the State Societies. See, however, the resolution of the General Society, in May, 1800 (ante, page 36). 56 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. REVIVAL OF EXTINCT OR SUSPENDED STATE SOCIETIES. 1860, MAY 3. It having been suggested that in several of the States where the Society of the Cincinnati has been suspended or is now extinct, there is a disposition evinced by the descendants of the original members to renew their association and admission into union with the General Society. Therefore Resolved, That a committee be appointed to confer with such persons as are interested in the restoration of the several societies above referred to, and that they be invited to appoint delegates to confer with the General Society, at the next or any subsequent meeting, on the subject of their admission into union with the same. Resolved, That the Committee of Conference consist of three members of this body, who shall be and hereby are empowered to act in the* premises at their discretion. The President-General appointed Mr. Baury, Mr. Markland, and Mr. Tilgh- man, to be that committee. On motion of Mr. Scott, seconded by Mr. Patterson, it was resolved that the President-General be requested to take part in the proceedings of this committee. 1863, May. The Rev. Mr. Baury, chairman of the Committee on the Restoration of Societies in States where it has become extinct, read the following : The Committee appointed at the Triennial Meeting of the General Society of the Cincinnati, assembled in the City of Philadelphia, May 2, 1860, for the purpose of " conferring with such persons as are interested in the restoration of the Society in the several States where the Association of the Cincinnati has been suspended, or is now extinct," respectfully report : That the disturbed state of the country has rendered it impracticable for your Committee to prosecute the object of their appointment with any reason able prospect of success. A correspondence has, however, been opened on the subject of your Com mittee s appointment, with Samuel H. Parsons, Esq., of Middletown, Connecti cut, from which the following facts have been adduced : 1. That the late General Parsons, of the Army of the Revolution, was Presi dent of the Connecticut Society of the Cincinnati at the time of its dissolution. 2. That the records and papers of said Society were deposited or are now in the Connecticut Historical Rooms in the City of Hartford 3. That individuals claiming to be the representatives of original members of said Connecticut Society, have been admitted to membership, with all its rights and privileges, in several of the States where the Society of the Cincin nati still maintains an honorable existence. In submitting this their report to the General Society of the Cincinnati, the undersigned respectfully request to be discharged from the further prosecution of a subject which, under more favorable circumstances in our national history, THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 57 may in its results prove of importance to the best interests of our venerable Association. Signed in behalf of the Committee, ALFRED L. BAURY, NEW YORK, May 14, 1863. Chairman. The report was accepted and the Committee discharged from the further consideration of the subject. 1872, May 29. On motion of Admiral Thatcher, the following preamble and resolution were adopted, and referred to a committee of one from each State : Whereas, In consequence of inquiries from descendants of Revolutionary officers residing in Rhode Island and Connecticut, transmitted through Admiral Thatcher of Massachusetts, and Mr. Greaton of New York, as to whether the reorganization of defunct State Societies required the permission of the General Society. Resolved, That it be referred to a committee, to consist of a member from each State Society, to inquire and report on the expediency and propriety of permitting (and upon what terms and conditions) the reorganization of any State Society, now dissolved, which might apply to the General Society for permission to reorganize. The Chairman named as the committee on Admiral Thatcher s resolution : Admiral H. K. Thatcher, Massachusetts ; Mr. Jno. W. Greaton, New York ; Mr. Wm. B. Dayton, New Jersey ; Com. A. H. Kilty, Maryland ; Mr. James L. Harmar, Pennsylvania ; and Mr. James Simons, Jr., South Carolina. MAY 30. Mr. Dayton from the committee of inquiry by Admiral Thatcher, respecting the reorganization of the State Societies that have disbanded and divided their funds, read the following report, which was agreed to, and ordered to be entered on the minutes : To the General Society of the Cincinnati : Your committee to whom was referred the resolution offered on Wednesday, May 29th, by Admiral Thatcher, at the request of parties in the States of Rhode Island and Connecticut, looking to and soliciting permission to resuscitate the Societies of the Cincinnati in those respective States, and, after such reorgan ization, to be admitted to full representation in the General Society, respectfully report that they have given the subject mature and careful discussion and deliberation, and as the result thereof, respectfully submit for your consideration and action the following : While we are fully convinced of the supreme authority of the General Society in such matters, and cannot and do not admit the right of any State Society, which has once had an existence, and has since disbanded, and distributed the fund which was the main basis of their original organization, to resume its original status, yet we feel, and so report, after a review of the question pre- 58 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. sented, that it may be expedient and proper for the General Society to receive and consider any such application which may be made, provided that the same is made to the Society after a temporary organization has been effected by those applying ; satisfactory evidence has been presented that the amount of the fund existing at the time of the disbandment of the Society has been fully made up (with simple interest from the date of such disbandment), a list being furnished of the descendants of original members now residing in the States who desire to revive the organization ; and a full statement of the facts which induced such disbandment, and the disposition made of such funds by the members having the control of them at that time. HENRY K. THATCHER, Chairman of Committee. 1878, MAY 22. Descendants of some of the Original Members of the Rhode Island State Society, having taken measures to resuscitate that State Society, presented to the General Meeting, assembled in Philadelphia, the following Application : ALDINE HOTEL, Philadelphia, 22d May, 1878. To GEORGE W. HARRIS, Secretary-General of the Cincinnati Present. SIR : The Delegates appointed by the " Society of the Cincinnati, in the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations " beg leave to present their credentials as representatives of said Society, and respectfully request action thereon. We have the honor to be, Sir, Very respectfully, your obedient servants, NATH L GREEN, DAVID KING, ASA BIRD GARDNER, JAMES M. VARNUM, DANIEL WANTON LYMAN. On motion of Gen. Cochrane, the following resolution was adopted, viz.: Resolved, That a Committee of five be appointed by the Chair to consider the subject of the reorganization of State Societies that have been dissolved; to inquire into the circumstances attending the dissolution of any Society; the distribution of the funds ; and that the papers and credentials in regard to any such application be referred to the said Committee. The Chair appointed Gen. Cochrane, Rev. Dr. Lothrop, Judge Nixon, Dr. Wm. A. Irvine and Mr. James Simmons, Jr., the Committee under the resolution. MAY 23. General Cochrane, Chairman of the Committee appointed yesterday on the subject of the Claims of Societies that had been dissolved, presented a report, and, by leave, submitted also the dissenting views of a minority of the Com mittee, which, on motion of Mr. Hamilton, were accepted for consideration. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 59 Judge Nixon moved the adoption of the Majority Report. General Cochrane moved to amend by adopting the Minority Report. On motion of Judge Elmer, a recess was taken until half-past two. Upon reassembling the consideration of the report was resumed, and after discussion thereupon, Mr. Hamilton moved that the application of the Rhode Island Society be recommitted to the Committee to obtain fuller information, and to report at the next meeting of the Society. At the request of a Delegate present, the vote upon this resolution was taken as provided by the rule adopted in 1851, and it passed in the affirmative. Ayes, 14 Nays, n. And thus the resolution was adopted, and the application recommitted. 1881, APRIL 15. General Cochrane presented the following unanimous report of four of the members of the Committee (the fifth, Judge Nixon, not having been present at their deliberations, nor being at the meeting of the Society). The Committee, to so much of the resolution under which they were appointed as directs them to consider the reorganization of State Societies that have been dissolved, report, that having carefully examined that branch of the subject referred to them, in their opinion no further or other rule is neces sary than that already existing and accepted by the Society, at the stated Trien nial meeting thereof, May 29, 1872, and then and there agreed to, and ordered to be placed upon its minutes in the words following, viz.: To the General Society of the Cincinnati : Your Committee to whom was referred the Resolution offered on Wednesday, May 2gth, by Admiral Thatcher, at the request of parties in the States of Rhode Island and Connecticut, looking to and soliciting permission to resuscitate the Societies of the Cincinnati in those respective States, and, after such re-organization, to be admitted to full representation in the General Society, respectfully report that they have given the subject mature and careful discussion and deliberation, and, as the result thereof, respectfully submit for your consideration and action the following: While we are fully convinced of the supreme authority of the General Society in such matters, and cannot and do not admit the right of any State Society, which has once had an existence, and has since disbanded, and distributed the fund which was the main basis of their original organi zation, to resume its original status, yet we feel, and so report, after a review of the question presented, that it may be expedient and proper for the General Society to receive and consider any such application which may be made, provided that the same is made to the Society after a temporary organization has been effected by those applying ; and after satisfactory evidence has been presented, that the amount of the fund existing at the time of the disbandment of the Society has been fully made up (with simple interest from the date of such disbandment), a list being furnished of the descendants of original members now residing in the States who desire to revive the organization ; and a full statement of the facts which induced such disbandment, and the dis position made of such funds by the members having the control of them at that time. HENRY K. THATCHER, Chairman of Committee. The Committee, having been attended by the Delegates accredited to the General Society by the Rhode Island Society, claimed by them to be in exist ence, and having examined the books and papers produced by them, and other evidence accessible to the Committee, and bearing upon the subject; to so much of the resolution under which they were appointed as directs them "to inquire into the circumstances attending the dissolution of any Society; the distribution 60 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. of the funds, and that the papers and credentials in regard to any such application be referred to the same Committee," further Report, that the Rhode Island Society was incorporated by an Act of the Legislature of the State of Rhode Island, Dec. 28, 1814, for the purpose of insuring the due application of its funds to the charitable uses contemplated by the " Institution ; " that said Charter of Incorporation was surrendered by resolution of the Society, July 4, 1832, but which surrender was revoked, and the Original Charter revived, March 26, 1878. As these Legislative Acts were thought to be foreign to the application of the Delegates for seats in the General Meeting of the General Society, as representatives of the Rhode Island Society, your Committee did not advert to them, except as incidental to the history of the case, but proceeded to consider the facts bearing, under the " Institution " of the Society, upon the creation and continuance, the funds and their distribution, the dissolution and revival of the Cincinnati Society of the State of Rhode Island, and the claim of those applying to be admitted as Delegates to represent it in the General Meeting of the General Society of 1878. The Committee accordingly report: I. The State Society of the Cincinnati in Rhode Island, was originally organized in the year 1783, in accordance with the Institution of the Society. The original list of its members exists unimpaired, in the possession of its alleged successor. II. By virtue of its original list, the Society continued under the Institution from its found ation in 1783 without intermission to the year 1832. III. The book of the original minutes of the Society shows that a Committee was raised July 4, 1789, to draft a code of By-Laws. It was continued July 4, 1792, but no minute has been found of the report of the Committee, or of the adoption of the By-Laws, each occasion, as it arose, appearing to have been governed by especial direction. IV. It appears from the minutes that, by a vote, July 5, 1784, it was resolved that not a less number than thirteen should constitute a meeting of the Society; which rule does not appear to have been changed. A subsequent vote of the Society, October 9, 1786, empowered the standing Committee to transact the business of the Society ; and July 5, 1790, the standing Committee was ordered to consist of six members, afterwards increased to ten ; at both of which numbers, four was voted to be a quorum of the Committee. V. The minutes record the meetings of the Society, regularly, from its foundation in 1783 to 1831 inclusive. It is recorded that fifteen members (a quorum) were present at the meeting on the 4th of July of that year. It further appears that the Treasurer s account was read and accepted on that occasion, and that Thomas Coles, the Treasurer, and Thomas P. Ives, were appointed a Committee to invest the surplus funds in bank stock. July 4th, 1832, the minutes show a stated meeting at which there were present eight members (not a quorum) and one honorary member. The Treasurer s account was then read and accepted, but it seems not to have been recovered. The following Resolutions are recorded as having passed at this meeting, viz. : Resolved, That the Charter of Incorporation of this Society be surrendered to the Legislature of this State, the Society be dissolved, and the funds be divided and distributed to the surviving original members, and to the legal heirs or representatives of those who have deceased, in pro portion to their several original deposits, deducting from their respective proportions any advances which may have been made by way of loans or otherwise. Resolved, That the President, Treasurer, and John S. Dexter, be a Committee to carry the preceding resolution into effect, and that on their completion of this business, notice thereof be given to all concerned. VOTED: That said Committee be empowered to sell from time to time, such and so many shares of the bank stock belonging to the Company (sic} as the occasion may require for the com plete and entire distribution of the funds. Ephraim Bowen was then the President, and Thomas Coles the Treasurer of the Society. A bill against the Society (designated) was then voted to be paid, and that the standing Com mittee and the officers of the Society be continued. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 6l Subsequently there appear from the minutes to have been meetings of the Society, and of the standing Committee, at which business was transacted as follows : A meeting of the Standing Committee, August 2gth, 1832, at which six members (a quorum) were present, when it was voted that the resignation of Thomas Coles, as Treasurer of the Society, be received; that his last account, received that day, be read and audited, and that the thanks of the Society be tendered to him. Col. John S. Dexter was then made Treasurer, and successor of Thomas Coles, and Thomas C. Hopper was empowered to receive the books, papers, and property of the Society, and to deliver the same to Col. John S. Dexter, taking from him a receipt for the same. It was further voted that Henry Ward be a member of the Society. A meeting of the Standing Committee, June 22d, 1833 (without note of the number present), to arrange for a dinner July 4th, 1833, for twenty-five or thirty persons. A meeting of the Society July 4th, 1833, at which eight members (not a quorum) were pres ent, when the standing Committee was continued, and when it was voted that the President (E. Bowen), Treasurer (John S. Dexter), and Thomas Coles be a Committee to carry into effect the vote of the last year for distributing the funds of the Society among its members. An adjourn ment was then taken to the next year. A meeting of the standing Committee June 28, 1834, at which five members (not a quorum) were present to arrange for a dinner, July 4th, ensuing. A meeting of the Society, July 4th, 1834, at which five members (not a quorum) were pres ent, the record of which states only that " the Society dined at the Franklin House." No meet ing is recorded of the Standing Committee in 1835. A meeting of the Society in Providence, July 4th, 1835, at which five members (not a quorum) were present, when the existing officers were re-elected for the ensuing year, and when a statement by John S. Dexter, the Treasurer, of his accounts to that date was received and placed on file. An adjournment was then had to the same place, July 4th, 1836. There is no minute of any subsequent meeting, either of the Society or of the Standing Com mittee. VI. At the Triennial meeting of the General Society in Boston, May 29, 1872, the following preamble and resolutions were, on motion of Admiral Thatcher, adopted and referred to a Com mittee of one from each State : WHEREAS, in consequence of inquiries from descendants of Revolutionary officers, residing in Rhode Island and Connecticut, transmitted through Admiral Thatcher of Massachusetts and Mr. Greaton of New York, as to whether the re-organization of defunct State Societies required the permission of the General Society: Resolved, That it be referred to a Committee, to consist of a member from each State Society, to inquire and report on the expediency and propriety of permitting (and upon what terms and conditions) the re-organization of any State Society now dissolved, which might apply to the Gene ral Society for permission to re-organize. The Chairman named as the Committee on this Resolution, Admiral H. K. Thatcher, Massa chusetts, Mr. John W. Greaton, New York, Mr. Win. B. Dayton, New Jersey, Com. A. H. Kilty, Maryland, Mr. James L. Harmar, Pennsylvania, and Mr. James Simons, Jr., South Carolina. Mr. Dayton of this Committee read the following report, which was agreed to and ordered to be entered on the minutes : To the General Society of the Cincinnati: Your Committee, to whom was referred the resolution offered on Wednesday, May 29, by Admiral Thatcher, at the request of parties in the States of Rhode Island and Connecticut, look ing to, and soliciting permission to resuscitate the Societies of the Cincinnati in those respective States, and after such re-organization to be admitted to full representation in the General Society, respectfully report that they have given the subject mature and careful discussion and deliberation, and as the result thereof, respectfully submit for your consideration and action the following: While we are fully convinced of the supreme authority of the General Society in such matters and cannot and do not admit the right of any State Society, which has once had an existence and has since disbanded and distributed the fund which was the main basis of their original organiza tion, to resume its original status, yet, we feel, and so report, after a review of the question pre- 62 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. sented, that it may be expedient and proper for the General Society to receive and consider any such application which may be made, provided that the same is made to the Society, after a tem porary organization has been effected by those applying, and after satisfactory evidence has been presented, that the amount of the fund existing at the time of the disbandment of the Society, has been fully made up (with simple interest from the date of such disbandment), a list being fur nished of the descendants of original members now residing in the States, who desire to revive the organization, and a full statement of the facts which induced such disbandment and the dis position made of such funds by the members having the control of them at that time. HENRY K. THATCHER, Chairman of Committee. VII. It having become known that an attempt was making before the Legislature of Rhode Island, to divert the fund of the Rhode Island Society, which remained in the custody of the Incorporation of the Society, from its proper purposes, nine of the eldest lineal descendants of original members of the Society organized and successfully opposed it by procuring, March 26, 1878, from said Legislature, an Act recognizing the act of incorporation of the Society, December 28, 1814, and procured it to be so amended as to make them, and one other with them, the suc cessors of the original incorporators, and so as to empower them to hold for the benefit of the Rhode Island Society, the fund remaining and belonging to it. VIII. On the notice of the aforesaid lineal descendants, twelve of the eldest lineal descend ants of the original members of the Rhode Island Society, a list of whom is hereunto appended, assembled, December 12, 1877, in the State of Rhode Island, and organized themselves, by elect ing a President and the other officers named by the Institution for the State Societies, and having appointed five delegates to represent the so organized State Society, at the Triennial Meeting of the General Society in 1878, did thereupon adjourn to meet within said State, July 4, 1878, and thenceforward have continued their meetings, and transacted their business periodically. IX. Subsequently, the officers of the Society so elected took possession of, and hold the promissory notes of various members of the Society to the amount, as stated, of $1,500, for moneys loaned previous to the aforesaid resolution of dissolution of July 4, 1832; and applied for and received about $640 of principal and accumulated interest on 4 shares of the Union Bank, standing in the name and to the credit of the Rhode Island Society, on the books of the bank, and remaining unsold and untransferred. X. Funds. The original minutes of the Society, while noting the presentation and accept ance of the Treasurer s accounts, do not anywhere furnish a record of them, either in detail or summary. From the entries, however, under dates of July 4, 1831, 1832, and 1833 respectively, where a committee was, in 1831, authorized to invest the surplus funds; another, in 1832, to divide and distribute them among the members, and another, in 1833, to carry into effect the resolution of distribution of the previous year, an inference is warranted that the Society was not destitute of means. But what their amount, how invested, and what their ultimate disposition, can be but approximately ascertained. It should be observed, however, that this difficulty is probably the result of a practice of destroying the papers in his possession, shown to have been habitual to Col. John S. Dexter, the last Treasurer of the Society; while specific evidence produced to the Committee, proves the destruction by himself, during his residence at Cumberland, in 1835 and onward, and by his granddaughter, Mrs. Snow, under his direction, subsequently in 1873, of whatever papers of the Rhode Island Society were under his control. That such papers had been delivered to him, may be presumed in the absence of proof to the contrary, from the probability that Thomas C. Hoppin, who was charged by the standing Committee, August 29, 1832, with their delivery to him, discharged that duty. Nevertheless, four separate and detached statements have assisted the Committee to a practically reliable con clusion. The first of these is indorsed, " List of names of the Rhode Island Society of Cincinnati." It was discovered by a Mrs. Cranston, on search among the papers, in her hands, of Thos. Coles. The handwriting is that of Thos. Coles throughout. It contains the names of the officers, mem bers (original members, probably), of the Rhode Island State Society of the Cincinnati, and the money paid by each, in sums from $75 to $20 respectively. Then follow informally these detached memorandums: THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 63 Whole Capital deposited, $2,567 36 Stock, viz.: k 59 shares Exchange Bank 2,950 oo 12 shares Manufacturers Bank 600 oo 34 shares Union Bank 850 oo $4,400 oo The effect of this statement will be hereafter considered. The second statement is in the words and figures following, viz. : " JULY 4, 1832. " Is a statement of expenses from July 4, 1832, to August 8, being small expenses, $84.09, and cash on hand, $577.28. Cash on hand July 4, 1832, $661.30. Amount deposited in Black- stone Canal Bank. Account examined and found correct. "THOMAS C. HOPPIN, Auditor. " Signed, THOS. COLES." This statement, though primarily referred to July 4, 1832, is not the report appearing by the minutes to have been read and accepted by the Society, at its meeting on that day; for it pur ports to be an account of small expenditures, in the interval between that date and August 8th ensuing. Yet, .its intrinsic evidence is to the effect that the cash on hand ($577.28) 8th of August, 1832, was the balance of the cash on hand 4th of July previous, after deducting therefrom the small expenses ($84.09) of the interval time. Evidently, this account is identical with the one voted to be received and audited, as the last account received that day from the Treasurer (Thos. Coles) by the standing Committee, Aug. 29, 1832. The amount of cash on hand August 29, 1832, is therefore supposed to have been $577.28. Next is the statement of February 12-19, 1881, third in order of consideration, of J. C. Johnson, Cashier of the Union Bank, of the sums standing on the books of the Bank, at the dates specified, to the credit of the Rhode Island Society. " August 29, 1832, there were 66 shares of Union Bank stock in the name of the Rhode Island Cincinnati, and $239.37 to its credit on the Ledger. This latter amount appears to have been from dividends on the stock. August 31, 1832, this sum ($239.37) was withdrawn, and in 1833 and 1834 further credits from dividends of $106.75 and $108 were also drawn. " From September 22d to July 22d, 1834, there were transferred at different times 42 shares of the stock, leaving July 4, 1835, twenty-four (24) shares as .... John S. Dexter reported. The stock transfers are all signed John S. Dexter, Treasurer. We are unable to say who signed the checks for the withdrawal of the deposits, as they are probably among the ashes of the past. The par value of the stock is $50. "Of the 24 shares Union Bank stock, reported as being in the name of the Rhode Island Society Cincinnati, July 24, 1835, twenty of them were transferred during the interval between October 7, 1835, and February 5, 1839, both dates inclusive; and all dividends up to and including July, 1847, were receipted for and taken. The re-organized Society of the present time came into and assumed possession of the remaining four shares, and have received the dividends made since, and including January, 1848, to the present time. All transfers were signed by John S. Dexter, Treasurer." The $239.37, dividends on stock, which the Cashier states to have stood to the credit of the Rhode Island Society, on the books of the Union Bank, August 29, 1832, could have been no part of the $577.28 cash on hand, reported by the Treasurer, Thos. Coles, to have been on that day deposited in the Blackstone Canal Bank ; forthe $239.37 were not withdrawn from the Union Bank till August, 3ist, or two days afterwards, the $577.28 having, two days before that, been reported as a balance of moneys in the Treasury to the credit of the Society so far back as the 4th of July previous. Then, it is apparent that on the day (August 29, 1832), when the Trea surer, Thos. Coles, reported $577.28 deposited in the Blackstone Canal Bank to the credit of the Society, there was also to its credit on the books of the Union Bank the further sum of $239,37, so that its cash on hand July 4, 1832, may be reasonably supposed to have been the sum total of these credits on the books of both banks, or $816.65. Additional credits to the Society also appear on the books of the bank in 1833 and 1834 of $106.75 and $108. Other sums, it seems, 64 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. were drawn at intervals to July 31, 1847, the amount of which is not known. As all these were dividends of stock, accruing subsequently to the resolution of July 4, 1832, to dissolve, they are not included in the cash on hand at that date ; but will find expression in the interest of the prin cipal fund, should its retrieval be prescribed as a condition precedent to the revival of the Society. The discrepancy between the amount of 66 shares of Bank stock, at $55 per share, $3,630 credited by the Union Bank to the Society, August 29, 1832, and between the cash, $816.65, shown to have been on hand July 4, 1832, and the $4,400 of stock, and the $2,567.36 cash on hand, named in the statement of Thos. Coles, hereinbefore given, being a discrepancy in stock of $770, and in cash on hand of $1,750.71, is not assumed as chargeable against the Society. Neither date nor any circumstance with which the statement can be connected, demands its refer ence to any particular time. It seems to have been an unofficial memorandum, of a miscellaneous and general character, made by Thos. Coles for his private use, while he was Treasurer of the Society, at some period of his incumbency from 1825 to 1832. It is not in the form of an account purports to be a list of the names of the members of the Rhode Island Society, and roughly estimates its fund. It being impossible to reconcile it with the Treasurer s reports of 1832 and 1835, which survive, either as to amount of cash on hand or of bank stock, or as to the banks in which the funds of the Society were deposited, it is reasonable to suppose that the statement refers to a period so long anterior to the year 1832, that no safe conclusion can rest upon it of the amount and condition of the funds of the Society in the latter year. For these reasons it is rejected as a basis of accountability. Upon the opposite assumption, however, that its full amounts should be accounted for, there are considerations which, it is submitted, require that the Society should not be subjected to injury therefrom. As has been said, the statement can be predicated of no specific date. It is more pertinent to 1825, the first year of Thos. Coles s term, than to 1832, the last ; and if cash on hand was, as is probable, reduced legitimately from $2,567.36 to $577.88, in his official life, the inquiry is pertinent whether the $4,400 of Bank stock in 1825, may not also have been in like manner reduced to $3,630 in 1832. The book of original minutes discloses that the demands upon the Society for assistance must have been frequent and large. The inference is warranted that considerable expense must have been incurred in the burial of the dead ; and so importunate appear to have been its living members for relief, that loans were made to them upon the security of their promissory notes. There is an account of some of these left in Thos. Coles s handwriting. There is evidence that there were others. They appear to have been in small and large sums, from $40 to $500, and of various dates, from 1801 to 1827, and probably later. Though these loans were irregular and injudicious, and must have impaired the integrity of the fund, guaranteed by the Institution as permanent, yet, the apparent urgency of the necessity which caused the violation, may be invoked to relieve it. These loans are claimed to have aggregated some $1,500, and may have been more. For these reasons it is surmised that the Bank stock sold, and the cash expended, previous to the resolution of July 4, 1832, which ordered the then existing fund to be divided and distributed, were absorbed by loans to relieve the personal necessities of the members of the Society. Improvident as it was, the evidence is not thought sufficient to charge any wilful violation of the Trust fund, upon the Society to 2gth August, 1832, The minutes of no meeting, either of the Society or of the Standing Committee, after that date, refer to the Treasurer s accounts or to fiscal affairs, till the meeting of the Society, July 4, 1835, when they record that " a statement of the Treasurer s accounts up to that day was read and placed on file." Opposite to this entry we come to the statement fourth, named as containing a report of the finances of the Society. It is indorsed in Col. John S. Dexter, the Treasurer s, handwriting. " Statement of the concerns of the Rhode Island Societj of Cincinnati, July 2d, 1835." The caption of the interior is in the same words, the date there being July 4, 1835. The whole is written by the Treasurer, and is as follows : " Remaining funds of the Society, viz.: " 24 shares of stock in the Union Bank, @ $55 per share $1,320 oo " Cash, Blackstone Canal Bank 105 68 Cash in my hands 32 20 " Dividend on Union Bank stock 42 oo " Surplus fund of the Society $M99 88 " JOHN S. DEXTER, Treasurer." THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 65 "That this account was not destroyed with other papers of the Society in the Treasurer s hands, is accounted for by the fact that it seems to have been a paper which he did not retain. His original letter to Colonel Ephraim Bowen, President of the Society, dated Cumberland, July 4, !835, expresses " bodily indisposition and mental depression " as the reason of his inability to attend the meeting of the 4th. He therefore encloses to him the statement of his account as Treasurer. It is doubtless the statement referred to by the minutes, as having been received and placed on file, July 4, 1835. It is the last official account that survives of the fiscal affairs of the Society. Its caption, " remaining funds of the Society," literally corroborates the statement of J. C. Johnson, Cashier, that of the 66 shares of the Union Bank which its books prove to have belonged to the Society, August 29, 1832, there remained 24, July 4, 1835, and it is affirmative, that of the cash proved to have been on hand to the credit of the Society, July 4, 1832, there remained $179.88 July 4th, 1835. Upon these proofs the conclusion is based that on the 2gth day of August, 1832, the fund of the Rhode Island Society consisted of 66 shares of Union Bank stock, of the estimated value (at $55 per share) of $3,630, and of $816.65 cash on hand, constituting a total, presumably referable to July 4th, 1832, of $4,446.65, for which the Society is accountable. What became of it will be inquired in another connection. The effect is now to be considered, of these several facts, upon the status of the Rhode Island Society. And first, the question occurs, whether the Society was thereby dissolved ? Th_ resolution of July 4th, 1832, was plainly to this effect. It was not, however, the resolution of a quorum authorized to transact business. Even had a quor am been present, it is questionable, whether it would have been operative against the practical protest of a minority continuing the functions of the Society. But the resolution coupled with the decision to dissolve, a direction to distribute the funds of the Society among its members. It may be doubted whether such supple mental determination, unexecuted, would constitute, if opposed by a minority, a dissolution of the Society; but it cannot be doubted that a resolution to dissolve and distribute, whether adopted in the presence of a quorum or not, when followed by distribution and acquiescence for a long term of years, would be an act of unquestionable dissolution. No quorum ever assembled after July 4th, 1831. Eight members met July 4th, 1832, to dissolve the Society and divide the fund, and eight, July 4th, 1833, purposely to enforce the previous year s vote of distribution. The Standing Committee struggled to June 28, 1834, and five mem bers of the Society having met in Providence, July 4th, 1835, and placed on file the Treasurer s last report, adjourned to the next 4th of July at the same place. Thenceforward the Society was at rest during forty-two years. Once only were its affairs heard from. It was at a Triennial Meeting of the General Society, May i8th, 1872, when an inquiry was made by descendants of Revolutionary officers residing in Rhode Island and Connec ticut, whether the reorganization of defunct Societies required the permission of the General Society. It is, therefore, concluded that the Rhode Island Society was dissolved, for the reasons, both that it was generally considered as dissolved, and that it was admitted to be so, by those most nearly interested in its fate. Another view strengthens this conclusion. As has been stated, an Act was procured in 1878, from the Rhode Island Legislature, reviving the Charter of 1814. If, therefore, the surrender of the Charter of Incorporation, by the resolution of 1832, required, as was thought, legislative re-enactment to revive the Charter, the same resolution must be thought to have been equally efficient to dissolve the Society. It is not believed to be difficult to identify the time of its dissolution, with that of the reso lution to dissolve. At no meeting thereafter, either of the Standing Committee or of the Society, does any business appear to have been entertained or transacted that did not appertain to the sale and distribution of its funds. It is true that the meeting of the Standing Committee, August 29, 1832, voted Henry Ward a member of the Society. With this inconsiderable exception, its busi ness was confined to the reconstruction and repair of the machinery designed by the resolution for completing the distribution, which the resignation of one Treasurer (Thomas Cole), and the appointment of another (John S. Dexter), had deranged. Its only two subsequent meetings of June 22, 1833, and June 28, 1834, were for ordering the annual dinners for the ensuing Fourths of July. The meeting of the Society, July 4th, 1833, next after that which adopted the resolution to dissolve, affirmed it, by voting a rearrangement of the Committee to carry it into effect. On the 4th of Julycf the next year it dined at the Franklin 66 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. House, and at its last meeting, July 4th, 1835, it accepted and approved the report of the Treas urer (John S. Dexter), submitted by the President (Ephraim Bowen), and agreed to by Thomas Coles, of the amount of cash remaining on hand ; and the number of shares of Bank stock remaining after the sale and distribution of the balance of the cash and Bank stock belonging to the Society in 1832. Its business, therefore, transacted subsequent to its resolution to dissolve, having refer ence only to the enforcement of the resolution, the date of its dissolution is, consequently, estab lished at July 4th, 1832. Whether, having been dissolved, there is a power to revive it is a question which was an swered by the General Society at its Triennial Meeting in 1872, in these words : While the General Society "does not admit the right of any State Society which has once had an existence, and has since disbanded and distributed the funds which was the main basis of their original organization to resume its original status," yet, it asserts its power to authorize, and accepts the expediency of entertaining a proposal to that effect whenever made, provided that it be attended with certain conditions. These precedent conditions are: that a list shall be furnished of the descendants of the original members, residing in the States, who desire to revive the organi zation ; a previous temporary organization of the applicants; satisfactory evidence that the fund of the Society, when disbanded, has been replaced, with simple interest from the date of such dis- bandment; the reasons of the disbandment, and the disposition made of the funds by those having the control of them. Some of these conditions may be said, in the main, to have been observed in the present instance. With two of them, however, there does not appear to have been com pliance. The requirement of a previous temporary organization of the applicants, is, in truth, but a logical consequence of the General Society s absolute denial of " the right of any State Society which once had an existence, and has since disbanded and distributed its fund, to resume its original status." Indeed, a primal permanent organization of the applicants, coupled with an admission of their right, would not only supersede the necessity of permission to organize, but break that continuity of membership evidently contemplated by the Institution, as the sole deposi tory of the power created by the founders of selecting their eldest male posterity, who should be judged worthy to bear the Society forward in constant succession forever. Yet twelve of the eldest lineal descendants of the original members of the Rhode Island Society, unhabilitated mem bers of the Society of the Cincinnati, assembled in the State of Rhode Island, December 12, 1877, and did then and there organize themselves, by their unassisted right, into the Society of the Cin cinnati in the State of Rhode Island. Thenceforth, to the present time, has the organization so effected, assumed the cognizance and exercised the functions of the defunct Society. The information previously conveyed to them in answer to their own application directed a different course. It was five years before that in response to the inquiry of the descendants of Revolutionary Officers, residing in Connecticut and Rhode Island, the General Society had instructed them of their privileges and the manner of obtaining them. These instructions, as hereinbefore stated, were explicit so explicit indeed, that your Committee conclude that a necessity, conceived to be paramount, must have supplanted them with measures supposed to be more capable of the emergency. The emergency is seen to have been the attempt by strangers to appropriate, by the authority of the Rhode Island Legis lature, whatever remained of the funds of the Rhode Island Society in the hands of the incorpor ation of 1814. It was successfully met, and $640 of principal and accumulated interest, on four of the Bank shares belonging to the Society, August 29, 1832, were recovered and secured. The esteemed and honorable character of the actors; their derivative title to represent within the Cincinnati, the ancestral worth and virtue of its original members ; their persistent efforts to reconstruct, and their efficient zeal to aggrandize the Society of their native State, may be accepted in palliation of their error, and entitle them, in their claim to have revived the Rhode Island Society, to be heard now upon the question of their compliance with the only remaining con ditions, whose performance has been prescribed by the General Society, as necessarily precedent to an official recognition of the fact. This condition, in the language of the General Society, is " that satisfactory evidence has been presented that the amount of the fund existing at the time of the disbandment of the Society has been fully made up with simple interest from the date of disbandment." As we have seen, the funds of which the Society was possessed, and for which it is account able, amounted to $4,446.65, of which $3,630 consisted of sixty-six shares of stock in the Union THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 67 Bank, @ $55 per share,, and $816.65 of cash in hand and on deposit. Of the sixty-six shares of Bank Stock, four shares, as hereinbefore stated, having been accounted for, reduces the deficit to sixty-two shares, of the estimated value (@ $55 per share) of $3,410. There is no direct evidence that the cash deposited and on hand was distributed among the members. It is true that the resolution of 1832 directed its distribution, and it is probable that it followed that direction. It is also possible that it may have been retained by the Treasurer or have been used by him in defraying expenses official or personal. In neither case should the Society be held accountable (especially when question is made of its dissolution), for the possible remissness of its officer; and either case may be charitably supposed, where no proof positively forbids. The bank shares, however, fall to another category. The books of the bank show that sixty-two of the sixty-six shares were sold by the Treasurer, Col. John S. Dexter, from the year 1832 to 1838 inclusive. When the resolution to distribute was passed July 4th, 1832, Col. Ephraim Bowen was President, and Thomas Coles was Treasurer. The second of the resolutions of that date empowered the President, Treasurer, and John S. Dexter, to carry the preceding resolution of distribution into effect; and the third empowered the Committee " to sell, from time to time, such and so many shares of the Bank Stock of the Society as might be required to complete the -entire distribution of the funds of the Society." August 29, 1832, Thomas Coles resigned, and a vote of the Standing Committee, thereunto duly author ized, made Col. John S. Dexter Treasurer in his place. Thereupon the Society, at its meeting, July 4th, 1833, re-organized the Committee, with the President, Treasurer, and Thomas Coles; a nominal change only, because of the previous resignation, August 29, 1832, of the Treasurership by Thomas Coles; and the simultaneous accession of Col. John S. Dexter to it. The Committee, in carrying into effect the resolutions of distribution, appear uniformly to have resorted to the official agency of the Treasurer, John S. Dexter. The proof is positive that, as Treasurer, he sold and transferred sixty-two of the Bank shares, and the sale of the sixty-two shares proves as unerringly that they were required to complete the distribution of the funds, as the omission to sell the remaining four shares proves that they were not required for the purpose. The obstacle to distributing the full sixty-six shares, doubtless, was the recalcitration of the mem bers, to whom the four un transferred would have fallen under the resolution of distribution. Were further proof needed that distribution followed the sale of the Bank shares, it is to be found in Col. John S. Dexter, the Treasurer s, report, July 4th, 1835. Having in September, immediately after he became Treasurer, August 29, 1832, begun the transfer of the sixty-six shares, he had effected the disposal of forty-two of them, by September 22, 1834. His report July 4th, 1835, charging himself with twenty-four shares, admits the transfer of forty-two, and his omission to charge himself with their avails, proves them to have been distributed. The remaining twenty shares, transferred by him in 1837-1838, evidently followed in the wake of the preceding forty- two; and the tale of distribution, under the resolutions of 1832, was, as far as possible, complete. But it is claimed that the Treasurer acted without authority. If so, the Society should have repudiated his action; and yet, from 1832 to 1877, during forty-rive years, there was acquiescence in it. It is objected that, as Treasurer, he was required to file a bond; and that having neglected to do so, his official acts were not obligatory on the Society, and void. The resolution of the Society on this subject is to be found in its book of original minutes, July 4, 1789, as follows: " Resolved, That the Treasurer shall give bond with two sureties, in a penalty (described), to the President and his successors in office, in trust for the Society, for the faithful discharge of his duty. He shall keep regular accounts, and submit them to the inspection of the Standing Com mittee, whenever required." Clearly, the tenure of the Treasurer s office is not hereby encumbered with a condition. He is simply charged with a duty. As well might it be reasoned from the resolution, that the acts of the Treasurer would be void ab initio if he failed to keep regular accounts, and submit them when required to the inspection of the Standing Committee, as to reason that they would be void ab initio if he failed to file the required bond. These requirements belong to the same class. They equally are duties devolved upon the Treasurer, when in office, and not conditions precedent to qualify him for it. Besides, as appears from the minutes, Col. Dexter was treated by the standing Committee, and accepted by the Society, as Treasurer, in their official intercourse from August 2gth, 1832, the date of his election, to July 4th, 1835, as long as their meetings continued. The 68 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. minute under date of his election, that he " was then made Treasurer and successor of Thomas Coles," is unqualified with a proviso; and that he was then considered by the Standing Committee as absolutely invested with the office, is settled by their order of the same date, also entered in their minutes, that Thomas C. Hopper deliver to the Treasurer, the books, papers, and property of the Society, and that the Treasurer give a receipt for the same. The vote of the Society, July 4th, 1833, which, because of the resignation of Thos. Coles and the concurrent election of John S. Dexter as Treasurer, retained upon the previous year s Com mittee of Sale and Distribution, the President and Treasurer, two of its members, and for the same reason, substituted for the name of John S. Dexter that of Thomas Coles as the third, though designed as we have seen, to preserve the Committee, of the identical members Ephraim Bowen, Thomas Coles, and John S. Dexter, who originally composed it, was in effect, a distinct recog nition of John S. Dexter s plenary title to the office of Treasurer. At the last meeting of the Society, July 4th, 1835, the adoption of the report of the Treasurer, John S. Dexter, by the five members who were present, proves him not only to have been in the unconditional possession of the office, but establishes by the authority of the meeting which ordered his report on file, as an approved record of the Society, the fact which he reported, that 24 shares remained of the 66 shares of Bank stock that belonged to the Society, when three years before (August 29, 1832), he became its Treasurer. This is not all ; of the five members present at this meeting, Ephraim Bowen, the President, was one ; for the report of the Treasurer, having, as before mentioned, been transmitted to him from Cumberland, where the Treasurer was physically and mentally indisposed, must have been presented to the meeting by him, if presented at all ; and that it was presented, appears from the entry in the minutes, that " a statement of the Treasurer s account up to this day, was received and placed on file." A paper entitled to consideration, from the conceded familiarity of its author with the archives of the Rhode Island Society, read by Asa Bird Gardner, LL.D., before the Rhode Island Historical Society, April 3Oth, 1878, informs us that not only was Colonel Ephraim Bowen present at this meeting, but Thomas Coles also. Now Ephraim Bowen the President, and John S. Dexter the Treasurer, were two of the members of the Committee authorized by the resolutions of July 4th, 1832-1833, to sell and distribute the Bank stock of the Society. Thomas Coles was the Third. The report then having been prepared and signed by the Treasurer, presented by the President, and adopted by Thomas Coles, all of the Committee appear to have concurred in the fact apparent on its face that 42 shares of Bank stock had been sold and distributed. In other words, the Committee authorized by the Society to sell and distribute 66 shares of Bank stock, assented to, and submitted a report that 24 shares remained of the 66 shares ordered to be sold and distributed, and the report was accepted and placed on file. The Society thus appears, by its last recorded act, July 4th, 1835, to ,have approved of the Committee s work, done under the resolutions to dissolve. Indeed beyond the inert protest of the four unsold shares, no dissenting voice seems ever to have been raised against the sale and distri bution of the fund. The amount of the fund, its distribution, the authority of the Treasurer to distribute it, and acquiescence in its distribution having been shown, the necessity of repairing the act is next to be considered. The officers of the American Army combined themselves into ONE Society, the Society of the Cincinnati, called the General Society, in reference to its division into State Societies for the sake of frequent communication. It is not, therefore, a Society confederated of State Societies, but an integral Society, with divisions within the States. The Institution, which is the organic law of the Society, directs the manner, both of creating and disposing of its funds. They are declared to be permanent, for the use of the State Societies wherein contributed, to the extent only of their interest. They are dedicated to the relief of the unfortunate members of the Cincinnati and their families, when and wherever they suffer. Begotten of the toil, and consecrated by the blood of the ancestral founders, they were declared by them, with singular solemnity, to be inviolate forever. Upon this trust they were deposited with the State Societies, and upon this trust they hold them; stewards of funds, the proprietary right in which is with the Society at large. It is plain, there fore, that to invade them or to divert them from their appointed use, is a breach of trust. It may not be questioned that in a Court of conscience the decree would be prompt, that the act be redressed, and the trust fund be reinstated. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 69 Nor does it admit of doubt to what tribunal the delinquent is amenable. The trustee is accountable to the author of the trust for its due administration and management. Having pro vided funds and established their permanence, the " Institution, "after restricting the proceedings of the State Societies to consistency with its provisions, finally subjects them to the revision and control of the General Society at its General Meeting. These are rights which inhere in, and are proper to the " Institution." The uniform practice of the Society has conformed to them. Its minutes disclose that at frequent General Meetings, a report from each State Society has been demanded and made, of the amount of its funds, the number of its beneficiaries, and the sums annually distributed among them. This is true of the General Meetings in 1829, 1872, and 1875; while in that of 1878, it was resolved that each State Society should make such a report at every General Meeting thereafter. Your Committee is not ignorant that it is advanced by those who claim to have revived the Rhode Island Society, that its enforcement of a by-law, which excludes from membership the descendant of any of those to whom the funds of the Society were distributed, until full restitution made of principal and interest, is a sufficient expiation of the offence. It is answered that the offence was not committed against the Society, but by it; and further, that if exclusion from membership is judged by the State Society to be due to those whose ancestors partook of the distributed funds, it is worth considering whether it would be unjust that the General Society should exclude from affiliation the State Society under whose authority the distribution was made, until principal and interest of the funds distributed be restored. Finally, it may be said, that the principle involved and the restitution claimed are fully affirmed in the recovery and restitution by the applicants to their permanent fund, of the four shares of Union Bank stock, and accumulated interest. These four went with the sixty-two to make up the sixty-six shares of the Society in 1832, and were justly recovered from those who held them without authority or right. The distribution of the sixty-two shares was equally without authority or right ; and as the restoration of the four shares and their interest to the permanent fund was thought necessary and right to revive the Society, it is impossible that the restitution of the sixty-two shares and their interest, for the same purpose, should be thought to be unnecessary and wrong. The Committee are satisfied that many, if not all, of the gentlemen who participated in the proceedings to resuscitate the Rhode Island Society, are inaccessible, either they or their ances tors, to the reproach of having partaken in the distribution of the fund of the Society. JOHN COCHRANE, Chairman. List of the descendants of original members of the Cincinnati Society in the State of Rhode Island, who, December 12, 1878, organized themselves into a Society, claimed to be the reinsti- tution of the original Society : Joseph F. Arnold, Hon. James M. Clark, John Wanton. Lyman, Sam l C. Blodget, Hon. Nath l Green, Wm. Rensiter, Wm. Wallace Brown, Simon Henry Green, Dr. Henry E. Turner, Thos. V. Carr, Dr. David King, James M. Varnum. On motion, the above reports were accepted and ordered to be entered on the minutes. Mr. Hamilton moved the adoption of the following resolution : Resolved, That the Society of the Cincinnati in the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, be received, and in due order of succession be restored to its legitimate functions under the Constitution of the Society, when ever, within three years, the value of sixty-two shares of the Union Bank of Providence, Rhode Island, at fifty-five dollars per share, which it possessed when it dissolved, with simple interest thereon at per cent., from July 4th, 1832, 7O THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. the date of its dissolution, to May 22d, 1878, the date of its application to be received, be restored to its permanent fund. Resolved further, That said Society is not to be considered as received, nor delegates therefrom to the General Society as entitled to be received, until the performance of the above named condition, within the time above named, duly certified to the satisfaction of the President-General. Mr. Lowndes moved to lay the resolution on the table. A vote by States being called for resulted as follows : Ayes. Nays. Massachusetts, 5 votes. New York, 5 votes. New Jersey, 5 votes. Pennsylvania, 5 votes. Maryland, 5 votes. South Carolina, 5 votes. The President-General, i vote. The Secretary-General, i vote. The Treasurer-General, i vote. The Assistant Secretary-General, . . i vote. 21 So the Resolution was laid on the table.* Mr. Lowndes offered the following Resolution : Resolved, That the Rhode Island Society be admitted to full membership as Cincinnati, that the delegates present be entitled to all the privileges and powers appertaining to such office. A vote by States being called for, resulted as follows : Ayes, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, 5 votes. Pennsylvania, 5 votes. Maryland, 5 votes. South Carolina, 5 votes. The President-General, The Secretary-General, The Treasurer-General, The Assistant Secretary-General, . . i vote. Nays. 5 votes. 5 votes. i vote, i vote, i vote. 21 The Resolution was thus adopted. * This is the first instance in the history of the Society of a similar resolution being offered, or of discussion and debate being refused on a proposition submitted to its consideration. NATHANAEL GREENE, M. D., L L. D. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 71 The delegates appointed by the Rhode Island Society were HON. NATHANAEL GREENE, DR. DAVID KING, PROF. ASA BIRD GARDNER, LL.D., U. S. A., DR. HENRY EDWARD TURNER, HON. WILLIAM WARNER HOPPIN, And alternates HON. DANIEL WANTON LYMAN, JAMES M. VARNUM, ESQ., SAMUEL CHASE BLODGET, ESQ., HON. HORATIO ROGERS, HENRY THAYER DROWNE, ESQ. There being present HON. NATHANAEL GREENE, PROF. ASA BIRD GARDNER, DR. HENRY E. TURNER, JAMES M. VARNUM, ESQ. General Cochrane moved that that portion of his report which refers to the right of re-admission of State Societies in general (being based upon a Resolution on that subject, adopted at a meeting of the Society held at Boston in 1872), be reaffirmed as the sense of the Society. Rev. Dr. Beatty moved to lay the Resolution on the table, which was adopted, and the Resolution was thus laid on the table. 72 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. APPENDIX. (See ante, page 20.) GENERAL HEATH S LETTER RENOUNCING THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. ROXBURY, January i8th, 1793.* DEAR SIR: When all Europe have their eyes fixed on France, and every one who reveres the rights of man is admiring the magnanimous conduct of the French, I was the other day most sensibly affected on reading the account of the conduct of General DUMOURIER, when he presented himself to the National Convention in the month of October last. This officer, whose military and literary talents place him in a most conspicuous light, and who cannot but possess the most refined sentiments of honor as well as exquisite feelings for those marks of approbation which are con ferred on distinguished merit, than which nothing can be dearer to a soldier. Yet, this great and celebrated Citizen General, in the presence of that August Assembly, took the Cross of St. Louis from his breast, and made an offering of it at the Shrine of Liberty, thereby indicating that he disdained to wear among a free and equal people any mark of distinction, evidenced by an order or device, which could be construed repugnant to liberty and equality. If the Cross of St. Louis, long worn in France as an emblem of the distinguished merit of the wearer, is judged by this great man as improper to be worn in a Republick, how can I, a citizen of the renowned Ametican Republick, allow my name to stand affixed to an institution, or wear a device which is construed by many of our fellow citizens the indication of an order and distinction in society. Animated by this recent example of the Gallic Citizen General, I do hereby request that you will be pleased to erase my name from the institution of the Society of the Cincinnati, as I do from this moment for myself, renounce the institution: at the same time I pray you be assured, that affection, and esteem, for every brother officer of the late American Army will con tinue to possess a warm corner of my heart, too deeply impressed to be effaced, or to stand in need of the aid of any device, or institution, as remembrancers. While we are celebrating in high festivity the conduct and success of our French friends, let us, if not already practising, imitate such of their examples as appear to be evidently marked with propriety, and calculated to establish those principles which form the permanent basis of a genuine Republick. With sentiments of respect and esteem, I have the honor to be, Dear Sir, Your most obedient Servant, W. HEATH. Hon ble HENRY KNOX, Esquire, Secretary to the General Society of the Cincinnati. * The date of this remarkable letter is coincident with that on which the National Convention (in France) was counting its votes on the decree of death to Louis XVI. About the same time, General Dumourier, who had so greatly excited the ebullient enthusiasm of General Heath, had already begun to waver in attachment to the cause which he had been profuse in commending; .and within a few weeks of the date of the letter he contracted what M. Thiers mildly^calls "guilty engagements" with the allied enemies of France. The "Convention" set a price on his head, and he took refuge in the camp of the Austrians. After wandering long in exile he settled in England, whose Government conferred on him a pension. He died at Turville Park, i 4 th March, 1823, in the 8 4 th year of his age. M. Thiers speaks of him "a superior " man without attachment to any cause without principle fifty years of whose life were spent in Court intrigues, " and thirty in exile, while only three were occupied on a theatre worthy of his genius." Mad. Roland says, he was "good humoured with his friends, and ready to cheat every one of them." Major-General Heath was born in Roxbury, Mass., 2d March, 1737, and died there 2 4 th January, 1814. 7 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 73 COLONEL DU BOUCHET SHOWS THE APPRECIATION OF THE SOCIETY BY THE ALLIED OFFICERS, IN A REQUEST GRANTED MAY lyrn, 1784. (See ante, page 38.) PARIS. February 17 1784 DR GENERAL I have experienced so much your goodness to me that as long as I will live I will always rely upon your friendship and reccolect with the sense of the most lively gratitude all the many obligations I lay under, since the first day I had the happiness to be acquainted with you. I ardently entreat you to be favorable to my petition for being admitted amongst the defenders and settlers of American Libertys reunited in the Society of Cincinnatus. Since 1776 that I embarked for America until the year 1778, that on account of the badness of my health I returned to France, I have been with your satisfaction of my services employed for the American cause, and as I have been nominated D A Gen of the French auxelliery Army in March 1780 and remained so until 1783. I have always been since 1776 an American officer or an auxilliery one, however I have not the honour to be a member of your Military Society. Please D"" General, to protect my pretension on this important circumstance. I am the only Frenchman who was at both of the two glorious actions at Saratoga and Yorktown. Two thousand gueneas would not be so agreeable to me as this honorable reward of my services. I was ready to embark for America for soliciting it myself, Marquis de La fayette s advices hin dered me to do it. I intend to go and thank you for this favour, if I am so happy as to obtain it. Please my Dear General, to speak in my favour at the Assembly of May, or you can not do it to write accordingly to my wishes, for having that favour granted to me. If you do it successfully you ll make me happy. General Conway is Major General, for my part I am L l Colonel, D. A. G 1 of the Army, and Knight of St Louis. But without the order of the Cincinnatus there is no happiness for me. *. # # * Believe me forever Your friend and devoted servant and admirer LE CHEVALIER DU BOUCHET a Auxerre. Bourgogne. The honorable G al Gates favored by his ExcX Gen. Washington. Enclosed to Washington and forwarded by Gordon, the Historian , -with this note : " Brought from Gen. Washington s house by William Gordon the day after the General received it. " Original in Dr. Thomas Addis Emmet s Collection of Historical Manuscripts. 74 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. OFFICERS OF THE GENERAL SOCIETY PRESIDENTS GENERAL. 1783. GEORGB WASHINGTON, of Virginia. 1839. MORGAN LEWIS, of New York. 1 800. ALEXANDER HAMILTON, of New York. 1844. WILLIAM POPHAM, of New York. 1805. CHARLES COTESWORTH PINCKNEY, of South 1848. HENKY ALEXANDER SCAMMEL DEARBORN, of Carolina. Massachusetts. 1825. THOMAS PINCKNEY, of South Carolina. 1854. HAMILTON FISH, of New York. 1829. AARON OGDEN, of New Jersey. VICE-PRESIDENTS GENERAL. 1784. HORATIO GATES, of Virginia. 1839. WILLIAM SHUTE, of New Jersey. 1787. THOMAS MIFFLIN, of Pennsylvania. 1844. HORACE BINNEY, of Pennsylvania. 1799. ALEXANDER HAMILTON, of New York. 1848. HAMILTON FISH, of New York. 1800. CHARLES COTESWORTH PINCKNEY, of South 1854. CHARLES STEWART DAVEIS, of Massachusetts. Carolina. 1866. JAMES WARREN SEVER, of Massachusetts. 1805. HENRY KNOX, of Massachusetts. 1872. JAMES SIMONS, of South Carolina. 1811. JOHN BROOKS, of Massachusetts. 1881. WILLIAM ARMSTRONG IRVINE, M. D, of Penn- 1825. AARON OGDEN, of New Jersey. sylvania. 1829. MORGAN LEWIS, of New York. SECRETARIES GENERAL. 1783. HENRY KNOX, of Massachusetts. ^75. GEORGE WASHINGTON HARRIS, of Pennsylvania 1799. WILLIAM JACKSON, of Pennsylvania. (formerly of Maryland). 1829. ALEXANDER W. JOHNSTON, of Pennsylvania. T 884. ASA BIRD GARDINER, of Rhode Island. 1857. THOMAS McEuEN, of Pennsylvania. ASSISTANT SECRETARIES GENERAL. 1784. OTHO HOLLAND WILLIAMS, of Maryland. 1829. THOMAS McEuEN, of Pennsylvania. 1787. GEORGE TURNER, of South Carolina. 1857. GEORGE WASHINGTON HARRIS, of Pennsylvania 1790. WILLIAM McPHERSON, of Pennsylvania. (formerly of Maryland). 1799. NATHAN DORSEY, of Pennsylvania. 1875. RICHARD IRVING MANNING, of Maryland (for- 1802. WILLIAM DENT BEALL, of Maryland. merly of South Carolina). 1825. JOHN MARKLAND, of Pennsylvania. TREASURERS GENERAL. 1783. ALEXANDER McDouGALL, of New York. 1832. JOHN MARKLAND, of Pennsylvania. 1796. WILLIAM JACKSON, of Pennsylvania. 1838. JOSEPH WARREN SCOTT, of New Jersey. 1799. WILLIAM McPHF.RSON, of Pennsylvania. 1872. TENCH TILGHMAN, of Maryland. 1825. ALLAN McLANE, of Pennsylvania (formerly of 1875. ALEXANDER HAMILTON, Jr., of New York. Delaware). 1881. JOHN SCHUYLER, of New York. ASSISTANT TREASURERS GENERAL. 1825. ALEXANDER W. JOHNSTON, of Pennsylvania. 1851. JOHN H. MARKLAND, of Pennsylvania. 1829. JOHN MARKLAND, of Pennsylvania. 1863. JOHN McDowELL, of New Jersey. 1832. JOSEPH WARREN SCOTT, of New Jersey. 1872. WILLIAM BERRIAN DAYTON, of New Jersey. 1838. WILLIAM JACKSON, of Pennsylvania. 1881. HERMAN BURGIN, M. D., of New Jersey. THE TRANSACTIONS NEW YORK STATB SOCIETY, WITH ANNOTATIONS BY THE SECRETARY THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 77 OFFICERS NEW YORK STATE SOCIETY 1783. ALEXANDER McDoucALL. 1786. BARON STEUBEN. 1794. GEORGE CLINTON. J 795- WILLIAM STEPHENS SMITH. 1797. NICHOLAS FISH. 1804. WILLIAM STEPHENS SMITH. 1783. GEORGE CLINTON. 1785. BARON STEUBEN. 1786. PHILIP SCHUYLER. 1788. ALEXANDER HAMILTON. *793- JAMES WATSON. 1794. WILLIAM STEPHENS SMITH 1795. NICHOLAS FISH. 1797. AQUILA GILES. 1804. EBENEZER STEVENS. 1824. MORGAN LEWIS. 1783. BENJAMIN WALKER. 1784. JAMES FAIRLIE. 1785. ROBERT PEMBERTON. 1788. JOHN STAGG, Jr. 1790. WILLIAM STEPHENS SMITH 1791. WILLIAM W. MORRIS. 1793. JAMES M. HUGHES. 1794. ABRAHAM HARDENHURGH. 1795. BERNARDUS SWARTWOUT. 1800. JOHN STAGG, Jr. 1803. WILLIAM STEPHENS SMITH 1804. WILLIAM POPHAM. 1805. JOSEPH HARDY. PRESIDENTS. ELECTED. \LL. 1805. NICHOLAS FISH. I806. RICHARD VARICK. 1832. MORGAN LEWIS. MITII. 1844. WILIAM POPHAM. 1848. ANTHONY LAMB. MITII. 1855. HAMILTON FISH. VICE-PRESIDENTS. ELECTED. 1832. NICHOLAS FISH. i ? 33- JOHN TRUMBULL. 1838. ABRAHAM LEGGETT. )N. 1842. WILLIAM POPHAM. 1844. ANTHONY LAMB. MITII. 1848. HORATIO GATES STEVENS. 1855. EDWARD P. DE MARCELLIN. 1857. RICHARD VARICK DE WITT. 1862. WILLIAM 3. POPHAM. 1885. ALEXANDER HAMILTON. SECRETARIES. ELECTED 1810. BENJAMIN LEDVARD. I8l3. HENRY S. DODGE. 1816. DANIEL E. DUNSCOMB. 1826. CHARLES GRAHAM. MITII. 1838. CHARLES A. CLINTON. 1843- EDWARD I . DE MARCELLIN. 1855. ALEXANDER B. THOMPSON. RGH. 1859. GEORGE W. BLEECKER. 3UT. i860. WILLIAM S. POPHAM. 1862. REV. MARINUS WILLETT. IMITH. 1866. WILLIAM IRVING GRAHAM. 1872. REV. MARINUS WILLETT. 1879. JOHN SCHUYLER. ELECTED. 1783. PHILIP VAN CORTLANDT 1788. RICHARD PLATT. 1791. EDWARD DUNSCOMB. 1793. ABIJAH HAMMOND. 1794. THEODOSIUS FOWLER. 1796. LEONARD BLIOECKER. 1816. JONATHAN BURRALL. 1820. THEODOSIUS FOWLER. TREASURERS. ELECTED. 1842. ANTHONY LAMB. 1844. HAMILTON FISH. 1855. HENRY HALL WARD. !873. JOHN TORREY (acting). 1874. ALEXANDER HAMILTON, Jr. 1881. WILLIAM HENRY CROSBY. 1883. ALEXANDER JAMES CLINTON. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. ASSISTANT TREASURERS. 1783. NICHOLAS FISH. 1785. RICHARD PLATT. 1788. EDWARD DUNSCOMB. 1793. LEONARD BLEECKER. 1794. BERNARDUS SWARTWOUT, Jr. 1795. LEONARD BLEECKER. 1796. JOSEPH HARDY. 1805. JAMES FAIRLIE. 1807. JOHN KEESE. 1809. JONAS ADDOMS. ELECTED. 1828. ANTHONY LAMB. 1842. WILLIAM B. CROSBY. 1850. THEODOSIUS FOWLER. 1862. JOHN TORREY. I &73- JOHN WHEELWRIGHT GREATON (acting). 1874. HERBERT GRAY TORREY. 1878. WILLIAM HENRY CROSBY. 1881. EDWARD WILLIAM TAPP. CHAPLAINS. 1847. REV. LEWIS P. BALCH, T),T).(honoraty)* 1880. REV. MARINUS WILLETT, D.D. 1857. REV. MANCIUS SMEDES HUTTON, D.D. 1881. REV. MANCIUS HOLMES HUTTON, D.D. PHYSICIANS. ELECTED. 1857. ALEXANDER CLINTON, M.D. ELECTED. 1878. JOHN F. GRAY, M.D. * The Rev. Dr. Thomas E. Vermilye officiated in the absence of Dr. Balch. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 79 ROLL OF MEMBERS NEW YORK STATE SOCIETY, AS RETURNED TO THE GENERAL SOCIETY IN MAY 1784. OFFICERS FOR 1783 AND 1784. Major-General ALEXANDER McDouGALL President. His Excellency Major-General GEORGE CLINTON Vice-President. Colonel PHILIP VAN CORTLANDT Treasurer. Lieut. -Colonel BENJAMIN WALKER Secretary. Lieut. -Colonel NICHOLAS FISH Assistant Leasurer. DELEGATES TO THE GENERAL MEETING. Colonel PHILIP VAN CORTLANDT, Lieut. -Colonel NICHOLAS FISH, Lieut. -Colonel WILLIAM S. SMITH, Captain JAMES FAIRLIE. NEW YORK ARTILLERY (2d Regular). Colonel JOHN LAMB (Brig.-Gen.) Lieut. -Colonel EBENEZER STEVENS. Major SEBASTIAN BEAUMAN. Captain ANDREW MOODIE. " JOHN DOUGHTY. " THOMAS MACHIN. " GEORGE FLEMING. " JACOB REED. Capt.-Lieutenant EPHRAIM FENNO. CORNELIUS SWARTVVOUT. ISAAC HUBBELL. JACOB KEMPER. " ISAAC GUION. CALEB BREWSTER. " PETER NESTELL. Lieutenant MICHAEL WETZELL. JOHN SHAW. " JAMES BRADFORD. JOHN REED. HENRY CUNNINGHAM. ISAAC SMITH. PETER ANSPACH. " HENRY DEMLER. GEORGE LEAYCRAFT. WILLIAM LEAYCRAFT. " WILLIAM STRACHAN. JAMES GILES. " JONAS ADDOMS. " ROBERT BURNET, Jr. " WILLIAM WALTON MORRIS. JOHN SMITH. 2(1 NEW YORK REGIMENT. Colonel PHILIP VAN CORTLANDT (Brig.-Gen.) Lieut. -Colonel ROBERT COCHRAN. Major NICHOLAS FISH (Lieut.-Col.) Captain SAMUEL T. PELL (Major). " JOHN F. HAMTRAMCK (Major.) " JONATHAN HALLETT (Major). " ISRAEL SMITH (Major). " THEODOSIUS FOWLER. " HENRY VANDERBURGH. " BENJAMIN WALKER (Lieut.-Col.^ " HENRY PAULING. " JACOB WRIGHT. Lieutenant SAMUEL DODGE. JAMES FAIRLIE. " CHARLES F. WEISSENFELS. JAMES JOHNSON. Lieutenant SAMUEL TALLMADGE. " DANIEL DENISTON. " CHRISTOPHER HUTTON (Adjt.) " MICHAEL CONNOLLY (P. M.) " RUDOLPH VAN HOEVENBARGH. " EPHRAIM WOODRUFF. " JOSEPH FRILICK. Ensign BERNARDUS SWARTWOUT. " NEHEMIAH CARPENTER. " SAMUEL DODGE. " BARTHOLOMEW VANDERBURGH. " DlRCK SCHUYLER. li WILLIAM PETERS. Surgeon DANIEL MENEMA. Surgeon s Mate ABNER PRIOR. 80 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 1st NEW YORK REGIMENT. Colonel GOOSE VAN SCHAICK (Brig.-Gen.) Lieutenant JOHN FI-RMAN. Lieut. -Colonel CORNELIUS VAN DYCK. " ABRAHAM HARDENBERGH. Major JOHN GRAHAM. HENRY VAN WOERT (Q. M.) Captain AARON AORSON (Major). JACOB H. WENDEI.I. (Affj t.} " HENRY TIEBOUT. BENJAMIN GILBERT. " LEONARD BLEECKER. " JOSIAH BAGLEY. " JAMFS GREGG. Ensign JOHN MARSH. " JOHN C. TENBROECK. " JOHN FONDEY. CHARLES PARSONS. " GARRETT LANSING. " GEORGE SYTEZ. " ROBERT WILSON. " CORNELIUS T. JANSEN. " BENJAMIN HERRING. Lieutenant PETER MAGEE. " Douw T. FONDEY. " JEREMIAH\ AN RENSSELAER^. .-I/.) " ADAM TENDROECK. " F.I HRAIM SNOW. " JOSEPH MORRELL. WILHELMUS RYCKMAN. Surgeon CALEB SWEET. " SAMUEL LEWIS. Surgeon s Mate JOHN ELLIOT. OFFICERS BELONGING TO DIFFERENT CORPS. Captain DANIEL NIVEN, Engineers. ROBERT PEMBERTON, Spencer s jth N. J. " PETER VOSBUROUGH, James Livingston s Regiment. " JOHN GREEN, U. S. Navy. Lieutenant DUNCAN CAMPBELL, Colonel Livingston s Regiment. " DANIEL McLANE, Massachusetts Artillery. " WILLIAM PRICE, Massachusetts Artillery. " JOHN STAKE, Van Heer s Light Dragoons. Captain Lieutenant ANDREW ENGLIS, ist Massachusetts Regiment. Lieutenant THOMAS FREDERICK JACKSON, Sheldon s ad Regular Light Dragoons. Captain PETER TAULMAN, Sappers and Miners. STEPHEN GRAHAM, Hospital Mate. OFFICERS WHO HAVE RESIGNED OR BEEN DERANGED. Colonel PETER GANSEYOORT, 3d New York (Deranged). Lieut. -Colonel FREDERICK WEISSENFELS, 4th New York (Deranged 1770. Served four years.) PIERRE REGNIER DE Roussv, 2d New York (Resigned 1780. Served five years.) M ARIN us WILLETT, sth New York (Deranged. Served five years.) SAMUEL HAY, Pennsylvania (Served five years.) JOHN CONWAY, ist New Jersey (Resigned 1781. Served five years.) Major BENJAMIN LEDYARD, ist New York (Resigned 1779. Served four years.) " SAMUEL LOGAN, sth New York (Deranged.) Captain HENRY Du Bois, 2d New York (Resigned 4th Nov., 1782. Served seven years.) " CHARLES GRAHAM, 3d New York (Deranged 1780. Served six years.) " ELIHU MARSHALL, 2d New York (Deranged 1780. Served five years.) " JAMES STEWART (Deranged 1780. Served five years.) " JAMES GILLILAND, Sappers and Miners (Resigned gth Oct., 1782. Served six years.) " EDWARD DUNSCOMB, 4th New York (Deranged 3ist Dec., 1780. Served four years.) Captain-Lieutenant DANIEL PARKER, Jr., 3d Massachusetts (Resigned 1779. Served four years.) JOHN WALDRON, 2d Regiment of Artillery. .(Resigned 1782. Served si^ years.) Lieutenant GEORGE I. DENNISTON, 3d New York (Deranged 1780. Served 4 years.) WILLIAM TAPP, 3d New York .(Deranged 1780. Served four years.) THOMAS HUNT, 4th New York (Resigned 1779. * Served four years.) WILLIAM BELKNAP, 4th New York (Deranged 1779. Served five years.) JOSEPH FOOT, ist Massachusetts (Resigned 6th July, 1782. Served seven years. ) CHRISTOPHER CODWISE, 2d New York (Deranged 1780. Served six years.) ABRAHAM LEGGETT, sth New York (Served four years.) FRANCIS HANMOR, 2d New York. JOHN DUTTON CRIMSHEIR, Paymaster Colonel Lamb s Artillery. Physician and Surgeon Doctor THOMAS TILLOTSON (Resigned 1780. Served four years.) Surgeon JOHN FRANCIS VACHER, 4 th New York (Deranged 1781. Served five years.) GARRETT VAN WAGENEN, Sth Pennsylvania. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 8l GENERAL AND STAFF OFFICERS AND OFFICERS BELONGING TO NO PARTICULAR CORPS. Major-General ALEXANDER McDouoALL. His Excellency GEORGE CLINTON. Brigadier-General JAMES CLINTON. . Colonel WILLIAM STEPHENS SMITH. Lieut. -Colonel AQUILA GILES. RICHARD PLATT. Major and Aid-de-Camp RANALD STEPHEN MC!)OUGALL. Lieut.-Colonel RICHARD VARICK, Deputy Muster-Master General. Major MATTHEW CLARKSON. Honorable JOHN LAURANCE, y^o^ Advocate-General of the U. S. A. Doctor JOHN COCHRAN, Director of the Military Hospital. " ROBERT JOHNSTON, Physician of the General Hospital. Colonel SIMEON DE WITT, Geographer to the Army. Reverend JOHN GANO, Chaplain Ne^v York Brigade. Major-General PHILIP SCHUYLER. Colonel ALEXANDER HAMILTON. PHILADELPHIA, June i2th, 1879. Copied from the original list now in possession of the Secretary General. JOHN SCHUYLER, Secretary, N. Y. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 83 ROLL OF MEMBERS OF THE NEW YORK STATE SOCIETY, AS RETURNED TO THE GENERAL SOCIETY IN MAY, 1788. The Honorable Major-General BARON STEUBEN President.* " PHILIP SCH u YLER Vice-President . " Brigadier-General PHILIP COKTLANDT Treasurer. Major RICHARD PLATT Assistant Treasurer. Captain ROBERT PEMBERTON Secretary. Hon. Major-General JAMES CLINTON. Captain CHARLES PARSONS. Lieut. -Colonel NICHOLAS FISH. Ensign BENJAMIN HERRING. Captain SAMUEL T. PELL. Captain GEORGE SYTEZ. Major JOHN F. HAMTRAMCK. " CORNELIUS T. JANSEN. Captain JONATHAN HALLETT. Lieutenant ABRAHAM HARDENBURGH. ISRAEL SMITH. Ensign Douw T. FONDEY. THEODOSIUS FOWLER. Lieutenant &* Q. M. HENRY VAN WOERT. HENRY VANDERBURGH. " <5^ A djt. JACOB H. WENDELL. HENRY PAULING. Ensign J. MORRELL. Lieutenant SAMUEL DODGE. ADAM TEN BROECK. " CHARLES F. WEISSENFELS. Lieutenant BENJAMIN GILBERT. JAMES JOHNSON. Surgeon s Mate, JOHN ELLIOT. Ensign BERNARDO S SWARTWOUT. Ensign DIRCK SCHUYLER. Lieutenant SAMUEL TALLMADGE. * Captain LEONARD BLEECKER. DANIEL DENISTON. Ensign JOSEPH MORRELL. Ensign NEHEMIAH CARPENTER. Surgeon CALEB SWEET. Lieutenant & Adjt. CHRISTOPHER HUTTON. Ensign WILLIAM PETERS. " &* Q.-M. WILLIAM COLBRATH. Brigadier-General JOHN LAMB. Brigadier-General GOOSE VAN SCHAICK. Lieutenant MICHAEL WETZELL. Brigade-Chaplain Rev. JOHN GANO. " JOHN SHAW. , Regimental Surgeon DANIEL MENEMA. Captain EPHRAIM FENNO. Surgeon s Mate ABNER PRIOR. Lieutenant &" Adjt. JAMES BRADFORD. Lieutenant MICHAEL CONNOLLY. " JOHN REED. Lieut. -Colonel ROBERT COCHRAN. Major WILLIAM NORTH. Lieutenant RUDOLPH VAN HOVENBARGH. Lieutenant HENRY CUNNINGHAM. " EPHRAIM WOODRUFF. Lieut. -Colonel EBENEZER STEVENS. " JOSEPH FRILICK. Captain DANIEL NIVEN. Ensign SAMUEL DODGE. Major SEBASTIAN BAUMAN. BARTHOLEMEW VANDERBURGH. Captain PETER TAULMAN. Captain HENRY Du Bois. Lieutenant WILLIAM PRICE. " JACOB WRIGHT. Captain JOHN DOUGHTY. Lieut. -Colonel BENJAMIN WALKER. Lieutenant ISAAC SMITH. " WILLIAM STEPHENS SMITH. Captain THOMAS MACHIN. Lieutenant PETER MAGEE. Lieutenant PETER ANSPACH. Major JOHN GRAHAM. Captain ISAAC GUION. Lieutenant & P. M. JEREMIAH VAN RENSSELAER. //" Excellency Governor GEORGE CLINTON. Captain AARON AORSON. " Captain CALEB BREWSTER. Ensign JOHN MARSH. Captain GKORGE FLEMING. Lieutenant EPHRAIM SNOW. Lieutenant JOSEPH FOOT. Ensign JOHN FONDEY. Lieut-Colonel FREDERICK WEISSENFELS. Captain HENRY TIEBOUT. Lieutenant GEORGE I. DENNISTON. Lieutenant WILHELMUS RYC KMAN. " WILLIAM TAPP. Ensign GARRET LANSING. " THOMAS HUNT. Captain JAMES GREGG. " WFLLIAM BELKNAP. Ensign ROBERT WILSON. Surgeon JOHN FRANCIS VACHER. Captain JOHN C. TEN BKOECK. Major BENJAMIN LEDYARD. Lieutenant SAMUEL LEWIS. Captain CHARLES GRAHAM. Lieut. -Colonel CORNELIUS VAN DYCK. " EI.IHU MARSHALL. Lieutenant JOHN FURMAN. " JAMES STEWART. * General McDougall having died. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Captain DANIEL PARKER, Jr. " JAMES GILI.ILANU. Lieutenant ABRAHAM HYATT. " JAMES FAIRI.IE. Judge-Advocate JOHN LAURANCE. Lieut. -Colonel RICHARD VARICK. Geographer SIMEON DE WITT. Captain ANDREW ENGLIS. " JACOB REED. Lieutenant GEORGE LEAVCRAFT. " WILLIAM LEAYCRAKT. WILLIAM STRACHAN. " ABRAHAM LEGGETT. " JOHN STAKE. " JAMES GILES. Captain-Lieutenant PETER NESTELL. Lieutenant JOSIAH BAGLEY. Physician JOHN COCHRAN. Lieut. -Colonel JOHN CONWAY. Captain EDWARD DUNSCOMB. Lieutenant TJERCK BEEKMAN. Lieutenant DUNCAN CAMPBELL. JAMES MILES HUGHES, Esq. " CALEB SWAN. Lieut. -Colonel MARINUS WILLETT. Captain PETER VOSBOROUGH. Lieutenant FRANCIS HANMOR. Major SAMUEL LOGEN. Lieut. -Colonel AQUILA GILES. Colonel PETER GANSEVOORT. Major MATTHEW CLARKSON. Lieutenant JOHN STAGG, Jr. Captain-Lieutenant JOHN WALDRON. Surgeon GARRET J. VAN WAGENEN. Lieut. -Colonel THOMAS FREDERICK JACKSON. WILLIAM WALTON MORRIS. JOHN SMITH. Captain JOHN GREEN, Navy. Physician THOMAS TILLOTSON. Captain JOHN BARD. Hospital Mate STEPHEN GRAHAM. Captain SILAS GRAY. Lieutenant TUNIS VAN WAGENEN. " NATHANIEL HENRY. Captain-Lieutenant CHARLES NUKERK. Captain JAMES CHRYSTIE. Lieut. -Colonel ROBERT TROUH. Lieutenant ABIJAH HAMMOND. Colonel ANTHONY WALTON WHITE. Lieutenant EPHRAIM HUNT. Doctor ANDREW CRAIGIE. " EBENEZER CROSBY. Captain DAVID VAN HORNE. Lieut. -Colonel ALEXANDER HAMILTON. Assistant Clothier DAVID BROOKS. The Honorable RICHARD MORRIS. " R. R. LIVINGSTON. " JAMES DUANE. WILLIAM DUER. -.c S.Su JOHN SLOSS HOBART. Lieutenant JOHN GRIER. Lieut. -Colonel BROCKHOLST LIVINGSTON. Captain JAMES WATSON. Doctor CHARLES MCKNIGHT. Ensign JEHOSHAPHAT STARR. Lieutenant NATHANIEL LAWRENCE, of N. Carolina Society. Doctor ISAAC LEDYARD. Lieut. -Colonel HENRY B. LIVINGSTON. The Honorable WILLIAM FLOYD (Honorary). Lieut. -Colonel JAMES GRIER. of the Penn. Society. Lieutenant ANDREW WHITE. Captain JAMES BREWSTER. JONATHAN LAWRENCE. Lieutenant ALEXANDER THOMPSQN. Captain DANIEL GANO. Colonel MORGAN LEWIS. Captain JOHN SANTFORD. Colonel SAMUEL B. WEBB, of the Conn. Society. Copy of the original signatures to the Institution. New York, 3d May, 178 Attest: ROBERT PEMBERTON (Secretary). STEUBEN (President}. REV. STEPHEN GANG. A. M. DECEMBER 25. 1762 - AUGUST 18, 1828. Surgeon In the American Revolution. Pastor of the First Baptist Church. Providence, R. I. 1792- 1828. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 85 HONORARY MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI ADMITTED IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. WHEN ELECTED. 1784, July 6th. REV. STEPHEN GANG. JOHN LANSING. JAMES M CLAUGHERY, Colonel. LEWIS MORRIS, Major-General, U. S. A. THOMAS MOFFATT, Major. JONAS PLATT, Justice. PHILIP PELL, Jr., Judge Advocate, U. S. A. JOHN MORIN SCOTT, Brig. -General. PIERRE VAN CORTLANDT, Lieut. -Governor of N. Y. DANIEL WILLIAMS, Captain. ROBERT YATES, Chief Justice. 1786, July 4th. RICHARD MORRIS, Chief Justice. ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON, Chancellor. JAMES DUANE. WILLIAM DUER. JOHN SLOSS HOBART, Jtistice. 1 7&7, July 4th. HENRY LIVINGSTON. WILLIAM FLOYD, Colonel. 1791, July 4th. STEPHEN VAN RENSCELAER (the Patroon). JOHN HATHORNE, Colonel. 1796, July 4th. JACOB MORTON. WILLIAM CONSTABLE. 1800, July 4th. JOHN BARKER CHURCH. REV. \VILLIAM LINN, D. D. THOMAS TRUXTON, Captain, U. S. A 7 . 1803, " GOUVERNEUR MORRIS. 1805, " REV. JOHN MITCHELL MASON, D.D. 1813, " STEPHEN DECATCR, Commodore, U. S. N. JACOB JONES. Captain, U. S. N. WILLIAM BAINBRIDGE, Commodore. U. S. N. OLIVER HAZZARD PERRY, Commodore, U. S. N . JAMES LAWRENCE, Captain, U. S. N. 1815, " THOMAS MACDONOUGH, Commodore, U. S. N. ISAAC HULL, Captain, U. S. N. " JOHNSTON BLAKELEY, Captain, U. S. N. LEWIS WARRINGTON, Captain, U. S. N. 1818, " JACOB BROWN, Major-General, U. S. A. 1819, " ANDREW JACKSON, President of U. S. 1822, " RUFUS KING. 1825, " BARON D AURIER, Commander of the French Army. 1827, " EDWARD LIVINGSTON, Chief Justice. 1847, " STEPHEN W. KEARNEY, Major-Gtneral, U. S. A. MATTHEW C. PERRY, Commodore, U. S. N. 86 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 1847, July 4th. ZACHARY TAYLOR, President of U . S. WILLIAM J. WORTH Major-General, U. S. A. 1849, " WILLIAM G. BELKNAP, Major-General, U. S. A. JOHN E. WOOL, Major-General, U. S. A. 1859, " JAMES BUCHANAN, President of U. S. JOHN ALSOP KING, Governor of N. Y. 1862, " ROBERT ANDERSON, Brig. -General, U. S. A. 1866, " ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT, Lieut. -General, U. S. A. DAVID GLASGOW FARRAGUT, Rear Admiral, U. S. N. 1879, WILLIAM TECUMSEII SHERMAN, General, U. S. A. 1881, " WINFIELD SCOTT HANCOCK, Major- General, U. S. A. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 87 TRANSACTIONS NEW YORK STATE SOCIETY The first meeting of the New York State Society consisted of those officers of the two New York Regiments of Infantry, who were mem bers of the Cincinnati, and was held in June, 1783, at the Cantonments, on the Hudson, near New Windsor, when the following was adopted : Resolved, That as the officers of the New York line are on the point of separating, and will not have an opportunity of meeting for the election of officers of the State Society of the Cincin nati, Lieutenant- Colonel Benjamin Walker be directed to collect the ballots of the members present, and to request the officers of the artillery to send him their ballots as soon as possible, and that when the whole are collected, he do call in the assistance of any t\vo officers who may be present to count the said ballots, and declare the election. In pursuance of this resolution, on the 5th of July, 1783, Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin Walker, Captain Israel Smith, and Captain Caleb Brewster having met, counted the ballots for officers of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati, and declared and certified the Election to have fallen on Major- General McDoUGALL, President, His Excellency Governor CLINTON, Brigadier-Genet al, Vice-President, Lieutenant-Colonel WALKER, Secretary, Colonel CORTLANDT, Treasurer, Major FISH, Assistant Treasurer. 1784. On the 3d February, a Committee consisting of Colonel Philip Van Cort- landt, Lieutenant-Colonels, Edward Antill, William S. Smith, Benjamin Walker, Majors, Nicholas Fish, Richard Platt, Captain Edward Dunscomb, Lieutenant James Fairlie and Dr. John Cochran, were appointed to prepare a set of By- Laws for the Society, which were submitted and adopted on the pth of February 88 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. following. The XXIst Article of these divided this State Society into two Districts, the Northern and the Southern.* The General Society, at their meeting in May of this year, having proposed alterations to the Institution, their circular letter to the several State Societies suggesting them was presented to the New York State Society on the 6th July, but the Society declined to take action upon it then, and referred it to a Committee, who subsequently on 6th July, 1786, as will hereafter appear, made their report, which was adopted by the Society. On the aist January, at a meeting held at the New York Coffee House, Baron Steuben, Colonel Samuel B. Webb, and David Brooks, Assistant Clothier- General, were appointed a Committee to draw up a plan of the proper cere monials f to be observed in the delivery of the Diplomas to the members of the Society, especially to the elected members, and to report their proceedings to this Committee, which they did on the 2ist of June following. First. A Chair of State, covered with light blue satin with white fringe, the carvings of the arms and feet painted white, on the top of the back a staff supported by two hands united, hold ing up the Cap of Liberty, which is grasped by the bald eagle (as the Order of the Society) below, a white fillet with the motto " We will defend it. 1 This chair to be elevated on two semi-circular steps, covered on the top with light blue cloth and painted white in front. Second. The Standard of the Society of silk, imitating the standard of the United States, having thirteen blue and white stripes, alternate, in the upper corner of which to be painted the bald eagle. Third. A small square table, about three feet four inches in height, covered with blue satin- fringed with blue silk fringe and tassels. fourth. Two cushions of white satin, fringed with blue silk fringe and tassels, on one of which the eagles and on the other the diplomas of the elected members will be displayed. That the ceremony be performed in the Assembly Room at the City Tavern. The outside of the house to be decorated with laurel crowns and festoons. The room for the ceremony to be arranged in the following manner: The floor to be covered with carpets. The Chair of State for the President to be placed opposite the door of entrance, at each extremity of the room, amphitheatres to be erected for the spectators. On the right of the Chair * In the report of a Committee to revise the By-Laws presented by the HOH.J James Duane, Chairman, on the i4th February, 1791, the following appears : " The XXIst Article, which divides this State Society into two Districts, your Committee apprehend has, with respect to the Northern District, fallen into disuse. It does not appear from the records, that more than one communication has ever been received from them, which was on the 2/th of March, 1787, since the institution. Without having anything particular to propose on the Article, the Committee think it not improper on this revision to bring it into view, they do it, though rather from an opinion that it is worthy of consideration, whether any By-Law or act of the Society which is become a dead letter, ought longer to exist." t This report evidences the appreciation of the ceremonial attending installations in the Old World, and bears the impress of the chairman s respect for observances with which he had been familiar there. It is scarcely neces sary to say that progress has dispensed with most of these details. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 89 of State, a distinguished chair for the Vice- President; on the right of this, and to the left of the Chair of State, seats to be placed for the members belonging to the other States in the Union and such foreign members as should be present at the ceremony. In front of the two amphitheatres, to be placed seats for the members of this State Society. Opposite the President s chair to be placed seats for the members to be received. The gallery above the door of entrance to be deco rated and therein to be stationed kettle drums and trumpets. The following members were appointed the Masters of Ceremony for the 4th July, 1786: Colonels Webb, Van Cortlandt, Lewis, and Major Giles, any two of whom to perform the duty. Form of Reception used by the Society at its Anniversary on the 4th of July, 1786: The foreign members and members belonging to other State Societies, the spectators, kettle-drums and trumpets having occupied their places, Captain Isaac Guion, the Standard Bearer, escorted by four members all in full uniform wearing the Order of the Society, carried the standard into the hall and planted it in front, to the right of the steps of the Chair of State. The escort returning, the Society marched in procession into the Hall in the following order: \st. Masters of Ceremony (Colonel WEBB and Major GILES). 2d. Members ( Tii o by two). $d. The Secretary (Captain ROBERT PEMBERTON, carrying the original Institutions of the Society bound in light blue satin). 4th. The Treasurer and Deputy Treasurer (Colonel PIERRE VAN CORTLANDT and RICHARD PLATT, bearing the two white satin cushions containing the gold eagles and the diplomas). 5 th . The Vice- President (General SCHUVLER). (tth. The President (Baron STEUBEN). At entering the room the members filed off to the right and left, and were placed by the Masters of Ceremony, and remained standing before their seats. The Secretary was stationed behind a small table, covered with white satin, placed on the left in front of the steps of the State Chair. The Treasurer was placed on the steps, on the right of the President, supporting the cushion, in which were the gold eagles, and the Deputy Treasurer on his left, supporting the cushion, on which were the Diplomas for the elected members, and the Masters of Ceremony took their places, one on the right of the Standard and the other on the left of the Secretary. At the entrance of the President the Standard saluted, and the kettle-drums and trumpets gave a flourish, until he had taken his seat; then the Standard was raised and the members took their seats. The Masters of Ceremony were then ordered to introduce the newly-elected members, who were placed on seats opposite the State Chair. The ceremony was opened by an oration delivered by Colonel Hamilton. After the Secretary had read the Institution the President (Gen eral McDougall) addressed the Society and the newly-elected members. The President, rising from his seat, put on his hat, when all the members of the Society arose at the same time. The Master of Ceremonies conducted the Honorable Richard Morris, Chief Justice of the State, to the first step before the President, who asked him first, whether he desired to be received into the Society, and if so, to promise a strict observance of the Rules and Statutes just read. Upon answering in the affirmative, with one hand taking the Standard, he signed the Institution with the other. The President then taking one of the gold eagles from the cushion held by the Treas urer, presented it with these words, " Receive this mark as a recompense for your merit and in 90 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. remembrance of our glorious Independence." The kettle-drums and trumpets then gave a flourish. The President then taking the Diploma, with the recipient s name inscribed, presented it to him, with the following words: " This will show your title as a member of our Society, imitate the illustrious hero, Lucius Qitintus Cincinnattis, whom we have chosen for our Patron, like him be the defender of your country and a good citizen . " Another flourish of trumpets. The President, then shaking hands with Chief Justice Morris, he was presented by the Master of Ceremonies to the Vice-President, and from him to all the members of the Society, who rose and saluted him, when he was assigned to a seat provided at the upper end of the room, taking rank above the members of the Society fo the day only. Chancellor Livingston, the Honorable James Duane (the Mayor of the City), William Duer (Secretary of the Treasury) and John Sloss Hobart (Judge of the Supreme Court) were then installed as honorary members with the same form and ceremonies. The President taking off his hat, the assembly proceeded to the Banqueting Hall in the fol lowing order: The two Masters of Ceremony. The Members (two by two). The Newly-Elected Members. Members of the other States and Foreign Societies. The Standard Bearer (after having saluted the President). The Secretary. The Treasurer and Deputy Treasurer. The Vice-President, The President. The President, presiding at the head of the table, surrounded by the foreign and newly- elected members. After the cloth was removed the following thirteen toasts were given : The United States in Congress. His Most Christian Majesty. United Netherlands. The friendly Powers in Europe. The Governor and State of New York. Our Brethren in the United States and France. The glorious and immortal memory of all who have fallen in the defence of the liberties of America. ,/ May the powers of Congress be adeqiiate to preserve the General Union. The -i"]th of October, 1777. The igM of October, 1781. The Fair Friends of the Cincinnati. George Washington, the President of the Society. The Day. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 91 After the completion of these ceremonies the Society adjourned to the sixth inst., when the Committee to whom were referred the, proceedings of the Society of the Cincinnati at their last General Meeting, submitted their report. That they have attentively considered the alterations proposed at that meeting to be made in the original Constitution of the Society ; and though they highly approve the motives which dictated those alterations, they are of opinion it would be inexpedient to adopt them, and this chiefly on the two following accounts : i st. Because the Institution as proposed to be altered, would contain in itself no certain provision for the continuance of the Society beyond the heirs of the present members, this point being left to the regulation of charters which may never be obtained, and which in the opinion of this Committee so far as affects this object ought never to be granted, since the dangers appre hended from the Institution could then only cease to be imaginary, when it should secure the sanction of a legal establishment. The utmost the Society ought to wish or ask from the several legislatures, is to enable it to appoint trustees to hold its property for the charitable purposes to which it is destined. 2d. Because, by a fundamental article, it obliges the Society of each State to lend its funds to the State, a provision which would be improper for two reasons one, that in case the Society might be able to dispose of its funds to much greater advantage the other, that the State might not always choose to borrow from the Society. That while the Committee entertain this opinion with respect to the pro posed alterations, they are at the same time equally of opinion that some altera tions in the original constitution will be proper, as well in deference to the sense of many of our fellow citizens, as in conformity to the true spirit of the Institution itself. The alterations they have in view respect, principally, the duration or suc cession of the Society, and the distinction between honorary and regular mem bers. As to the first, the provision intended to be made appears to them to be expressed in terms not sufficiently explicit, and as far as it may intend an hereditary succession by right of primogeniture is liable to this objection that it refers to birth what ought to belong to merit only, a principle inconsistent with the genius of a Society founded on friendship and patriotism. As to the sec ond, the distinction holds up an odious difference between men who have served their country in one way and those who have served it in another a difference ill-founded in itself, and improper in a Society where the character of Patriot ought to be an equal title to all its members. The Committee, however, decline proposing any specific substitute for the parts of the original Constitution which appear to them exceptionable, as they are of opinion any alterations necessary to be made can only be digested in a General Meeting of the Society, specially authorized to agree upon and finally establish those alterations. With a view to this, they beg leave to recommend that a Circular Letter be written from the Society to the different State Socie ties, suggesting the expediency of instructing and empowering their delegates at the next General Meeting, to concur in such alterations as may appear to 9 2 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. that meeting proper, after a full communication of what shall be found to be the sense of the several Societies. This report was signed by Richard Morris, Alexander Hamilton, David Brooks, Edward Dunscomb and Robert Troup as the Committee. At a meeting of the Society on the i5th of the same month it was Resolved, That in its opinion no State Society had a right to elect Foreigners as members. And the following letter from Major L Enfant was read : PHILADELPHIA, loth June, 1783. MY GENERAL : Immediately on receiving your letter of the 2Oth May, which I met by accident at the post office, on the yth inst., I set myself about the plan of the medal. I send you both faces of the design, which I have made large, so that you may better judge of them. In the execution they can be reduced to a convenient size, which, on account of the precision required in the design, ought not to be less than a dollar, the subject being too complex to admit of its being properly detailed in a smaller compass. I have not made it oval, agreeably to your desire, as such a form is not proper for a medal ; besides, it can be done in the execution, if the idea should be persisted in of having the order in that form, to which, however, I think any other preferable. I also believe and hope that you will be persuaded of this, and endeavor to convince the gentlemen of it who compose the com mittee for forming the Institution, and to whom I beg you to communicate the following observations : A medal, whether round or oval, is considered, in the different states of Europe, only as a reward of the laborer and the artist, or as a sign of a manufacturing community, or religious society ; besides, the abusive custom prevailing particularly in Germany and Italy, of sending to France mountebanks, dancers and musicians, ornamented in this manner, renders it necessary to distinguish this order by a form which shall be peculiar to itself, and which will answer the two fold purpose of honoring those invested with it, and making itself respected for its simplicity, by such as may be in a situation minutely to examine its different parts. Not that I suppose one form or another will change the opinion of a republican people, accus tomed to think ; I only say, that in an institution of this sort, the main design should be to render it respectable to everybody, and that it is only in appealing to the senses that you can engage the attention of the common people, who have certain habitual prejudices which cannot be destroyed. A gentleman already invested with any European order would be unwilling to carry a medal, but if, flattered by receiving a mark of distinction from a respectable society, he should do it, the manner of it would by no means increase the value of the order. On the contrary, giving it a new and particular form will be adding a recommendation to its real value, and engage those invested with it to wear it in the same manner as their other military orders, which is the surest means of putting it at once upon a footing with them. The bald eagle, which is peculiar to this continent, and is distinguished from those of other climates by its white head and tail, appears to me to deserve attention. I send you two essays which I have made, and desire one of them may be adopted instead of the medal. In one, I make the eagle supporting a star with thirteen points, in the centre of which is the figure of the medal, with its inscriptions, as well in front as on the reverse. A legend might be added in the claws and go round the neck of the eagle, with a particular inscription, or the contour of the medal transferred there. In the other, I have made simply the eagle, sup porting on its breast the figure of the medal, with a legend in his claws and about the neck, which passes behind and sustains the reverse. I would prefer the latter, as it does not resemble any other order, and bears a distinct character ; nor will it be expensive in its execution. The first device, although more complex, would not be so dear as people might imagine, especially if the execution of it should be committed to skillful persons, which would not be the case any more ^ THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 93 than with the medal, but bj sending it to Europe, where it would not take up a great deal of time, nor be so expensive as to trust the execution of it here to workmen not well acquainted with the business. A medal is a monument to be transmitted to posterity ; and, consequently, it is necessary that it be executed to the highest degree of perfection possible in the age in which it is struck. Now, to strike a medal well, is a matter that requires practice and a good die ; and as there is not here either a press proper for this work, nor people who can make a good die, I would willingly under take to recommend the execution of the medal, the eagle, or the order, to such persons in Paris as are capable of executing it to perfection. So far from proposing to change the oval medal into an eagle, on which should be impressed the medal, I do not pretend to say medals cannot be made. On the contrary, my idea of the subject is that silver medals should be struck, at the common expense of the Society, and distri buted, one to each member, as an appendage to a diploma of parchment, whereon it would be proper to stamp the figure of the medal, the eagle, or the star, in its full dimensions, and properly colored, enjoining on the members to conform to it, though leaving them the liberty, provided it be at their own expense, of having it made of such metal and as small as they please, without altering any of the emblems. It seems to me by no means proper that the honorary members should wear the order in the same manner as the original members ; it would be necessary that they should wear the medal, the star, or the eagle, round their necks, and the original members at their third button-hole These remarks, I beg you, my General, to have translated and submitted to the gentlemen concerned. I shall be obliged to you to let me know the issue of this letter, and their decision upon it. I have, etc., etc., etc,, L ENFANT. N. B. The head and tail of the eagle should be silver, or enamelled in white, the body and wings gold, the medal on its breast and back enamelled in the same color as the legend ; sprigs of laurel and oak might be added in the wings enamelled in green ; the star should be pointed in gold, or enamelled in blue and white ; those who would be at the expense might, instead of white, have diamonds. The riband, as is customary in all orders, should be watered." The Committee on Correspondence, appointed to frame a Circular Letter to the other State Societies, composed of Alexander Hamilton, James Duane, and William Duer, presented, through their chairman, the following : GKNTLEMEN : It is my duty to inform you that we have been appointed by the New York State Society of the Cincinnati, a Committee of Correspondence with instructions to frame and trans mit to the other State Societies, a circular letter on several matters of importance to the Cincinnati in general. In pursuance of this trust, we send you an extract from the proceedings of the Society, begun the 4th July last, and continued by adjournments to the I2th August following. This extract will itself explain the objects intended to be communicated by this letter and will leave little to be added by us. Among other things comprised in it, you will find the report of a committee on the proceed ings of the General Society of the Cincinnati, at their last meeting ; which report, approved by our Society, contains its dissent from the alterations proposed to be made in the original Constitution, and assigns the principal reasons of that dissent. These reasons might be enforced by many additional reasons of weight, which however we shall omit, as we are persuaded your own reflec tions will supply them. We cannot help thinking, that even those Societies which have adopted the proposed alter ations will on a review of the matter be struck with the objections stated in the report, and will cheerfully concur in a plan for revising the business, and digesting it into a shape that will be sat isfactory to all the parts of the Institution. At any rate, there appears to be an absolute necessity for such revisal, if it were only to let in a mode of combining, the views and sentiments of the respective Societies in some definite result, without which alterations agreed on every side to be proper, will either not be made at all or made 94 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. partially and on principles dissimilar and subversive of the uniformity of the Institution. This obvious idea will, we trust, demonstrate the justness of the opinion, that it will be advisable for each State Society to instruct and empower its delegates at the nexi General Meeting to agree upon and finally establish all such alterations in the original Constitution as shall be thought by a majority expedient. The extension of the authority of the delegates to the final establishment of the alterations to be agreed upon is in our opinion indispensable. The prospect of an unani mous concurrence of all the particular Societies, in any plan which might be referred to their ulti mate deliberations would be remote, and the objects of the Society are too simple and limited to require such a reference. Before we dismiss the subject of the proposed alterations, we shall submit an observation on that part of them which relates to the exclusion of the clause, by which it is made a fundamental principle of the Society, to promote and cherish between the respective States, that union and national honor so essentially necessary to their happiness and the future dignity of the American Empire. We flatter ourselves we speak the sense of the Society of which we are members, as well as our own, in declaring that we reverence the sentiments contained in that clause too much to be willing to see it expunged. Nor can we believe that its continuance will on reflection, give umbrage to any whose views are not unfriendly to those principles which form the basis of the Union, and the only sure foundation of the tranquility and happiness of this country. To such men it can never appear criminal, that a class of citizens who had so conspicuous an agency in the American Revolution, as those who compose the Society of the Cincinnati, should pledge themselve to each other in a voluntary association, to support by all means consistent with the laws, that noble fabric of united independence which at so much hazard and with so many sacrifices they have con tributed to erect a fabric on the solid foundation and duration of which, the value of all they have done must depend and America can never have cause to condem an institution, calculated to give energy and extent to a sentiment, favorable to the preservation of that union by which she established her liberties, and to which she must owe her future peace, respectability, and pros perity. Experience, we doubt not, will teach her that the members of the Cincinnati, always actuated by the same virtuous and generous motives which have hitherto directed their conduct, will pride themselves in being through every vicissitude of her future fate, the faithful and steady supporters of her liberty, her. laws, and her government. Permit me to call your attention to two resolutions contained in the extract transmitted here with one, relating to a limitation of the number of members to be elected the other, relating to the right of the State Societies to elect foreigners as members of the Cincinnati. We believe the spirit of both these resolutions will appear to you prudent and conducive, perhaps we might say essential to the respectability of the Society. The first speaks for itself, and the last has the reasons for it, detailed in a letter from Major L Enfant, included in the extract. The opinion of our Society in this respect, is founded on the particular terms of the clause of the Constitution providing for the election of Honorary Members, which seem inapplicable to any but citizens of the respective States eminent for abilities and patriotism. But we presume, if there should be any difference of opinion as to the right of electing foreigners, there will be none as to the expediency of referring that matter, exclusively to the General Society, who will no doubt be properly impressed with the necessity of circumspection in admitting the claims of candidates of that description, and who will be less likely to be impor tuned with ill-founded pretensions. The Society of this State, will be happy to find that the views of the Societies of the other States, coincide with theirs in the object of this letter ; should this not be the case, we at least, persuade ourselves they will be considered as the dictates of a pure zeal for the honor and interests of the Institution. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 95 1787. March iyth, the Delegates to the General Meeting were instructed to vote for a resolution for the reception of the officers of the Navy into the Society, they were also authorized on the part of this Society, to agree upon and finally establish all such alterations in the original Constitution, as shall appear to a majority of the General Society expedient and proper ; and that they endeavor to carry into effect the sense of this Society, as expressed in the approved report of the Committee of the 6th July, 1786. On the 5th of July, Hamilton, one of the delegates to the General Meeting, reported that he had attended the General Meeting at Philadelphia, on the 7th of May ; that the delegations of some of the State Societies had not powers similar to those given by this Society, and therefore it was not practicable to proceed in the alterations to the Constitution agreeably to his instructions ; that an additional motive for suspending the consideration of those alterations, was, lest any change should be an obstacle to the acceptance of the office of President-General by the late Commander-in-Chief, which appeared to the meeting to be a matter of great importance to the Institution. For these reasons, principally, the discussion of the proposed alterations was deferred to a future period. 1788, On the 2oth March, the delegates to the General Meeting were directed " in any alterations which may be proposed in the present Constitution, to govern themselves by the report of the Committee on the proceedings of the General Society convened at Philadelphia in 1784, as confirmed by this Society, 6th July, 1786." On the 4th July, Commodore Nicholson was requested to attend with the Society, as a member and at the same time the sense of the Society was expressed, that " officers of the Marine, of similar rank, are entitled to be members of the Society." 1789. At a meeting of the Society, held on the nth of March, at the Holland Lodge, Hamilton informed the Society that he intended to move at the next meeting, for the following By-Law, to be annexed to those already established by the Society, to wit : " That each Treasurer of the Society, before he enters upon the execution of his office, shall give bond, with two sufficient sureties, to the five Trustees, to be named by the Society, in the sum of dollars, for the faithfull appli cation of the funds of the Society. 1 96 THC SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. It was also unanimously Resolved, That the thanks of this Society be presented to the worshipful Master and Brethren of the Holland Lodge, for their polite attention towards the Society, in accommodating them in so handsome a manner with their Lodge Room and furniture, at the present meeting, and that the Secretary be directed to communicate the same accordingly. 1790. At a meeting held February ist, a petition having appeared in the public papers as being proposed to be signed by officers of the late Army of the U. S., and to be presented to the National Legislature, praying that in the system for funding the .National Debt a discrimination may be made in favor of the original holders of the public securities, the Society unanimously disclaimed the principles contained in the petition, conceiving it inconsistent with their cha racter " to seek any advantage to themselves which might be incompatible with the principles of an honorable policy." It was determined in this year to celebrate in the future the Anniversary of the birth of Washington. At a meeting held at Francis Tavern on July 8th of this year, an original member of the Society was expelled, and his name ordered to be erased from the Register. The record stcites that he had, " by his ungentlemanlike conduct, become a disgrace to the Society." This is the only instance which appears upon the minutes, of the exercise by this Society of so severe an act of dis cipline.* Captain Hardy of the Marines, and Captain Hacker of the Navy, were ad mitted as members, by a unanimous vote, upon a full report from a Committee to whom their claims had been referred. At a Meeting of the Standing Committee, held on the 8th December, it was Resolved, that the Secretary of the Society fill up a diploma in the name of the Hon. rable Major-General Horatio Gates, that the Standing Committee, and such other members as the President may choose, wait on him, and in the name of the Society present the same. 1791. At a meeting of the Society, held on the igth April, at Corre s Hotel, the Honorable Stephen Van Rensselaer (the Patrooii) was elected an honorary member. * After the death of the expelled member, the Society for several years contributed liberally to the relief of his widow and children, and in 1825 an application was made by one of his descendants for admission to the Society in his right, but the Society refused to entertain the application on the ground that James Gilliland had been a member, but was not so at the time of his death. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 97 No record appears in the book of minutes of a meeting having been held on the 4th July of this year, probably on account of the epidemic (the yellow fever}. 17Q2. At a meeting of the Society, held on the 23d January, at Corre s Hotel, it was Resolved, that the Standing Committee be directed to hold a meeting on the first Monday in every month, for transacting such business as may appear to them proper, and that it be the duty of the Secretary to give notice thereof to the Members. No record appears in the book of minutes of a meeting having been held on the 4th July of this year. J 793- On the 4th of July it was resolved, that every member from other State Societies now residing or who may hereafter reside within this State, before he be admitted to vote or take part in the debates of this Society, shall produce his diploma or a certificate signed by the President, or Secretary of the Society of the State from which he removed, of his having been regularly admitted, and continuing to be a member thereof, to the time of his removal into this State. 1795- On July 4th. Commodore Silas Talbot was admitted a member. 1798. On July 4th the Society unanimously directed the following address to be sent to John Adams, the President of the United States : The respectful Address of the Officers of the late American Army and Navy assembled in the Society of the Cincinnati of the State of Neiv York. "Convened to celebrate the Anniversary of our National Independence our attention is naturally drawn to the interesting circumstances which characterize the present situation of our country. Threatened as it is by a very powerful foreign nation, we cannot but view that situation as critical, and in a time of imminent public danger, our late profession of soldiers seems to render the expression of our sentiments peculiarly proper. Whatever difference of opinion may at any time have existed among us, as among other classes of citizens, concerning particular 98 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. measures, we conceive that no difference of opinion can or ought to exist as to any of these cardinal points that our essential rights as a free and independent Nation are at every hazard to be maintained ; that the Constitution of our country as established by the choice of the people is in every event to be defended against all foreign control or influence ; that invasion from abroad, from whatever quarter, is to be repelled by united and vigorous exertions ; that our Government ought never to subscribe to national degradation ; that, however desirable peace certainly is, the evils of war can bear no comparison with sacrifice or abandonment of those great principles. Making this declaration of our principles, the same with those which led us to assist in fighting the Battles of our Revolution, we cheerfully dedicate the remnant of our lives to the maintenance of them, and we pledge ourselves to stand ready to seal our sincerity with our blood." By unanimous order, NICHOLAS FISH, President, BERNARDUS SWARTWOUT, Jr., Secretary. To which the following answer was received : " To the Officers of the late American Army and Navy, assembled on the ^th Jtily, 1798, in the Society of the Cincinnati of the State of JVew York. GENTLEMEN : Your respectful address has been presented to me by your Senators in Con gress, Mr. North and Mr. Lawrence, who are also members of your Society. The interesting and critical situation of our country, threatened as it is by a very powerful foreign nation, could not fail to command the attention of gentlemen of your characters and habits of life. I am happy to find that your opinions coincide with mine upon all the cardinal points ; that our equal rights as a free and independent Nation are at every hazard to be maintained ; that the Constitution of our Country as established by the choice of the people, is in every event to be defended against all foreign control or interference ; that invasion from abroad, from whatever quarter, is to be repelled by united and vigorous exertions ; that our Government never ought to subscribe to national degradation ; that the evils of war can bear no comparison with the sacrifice or aban donment of any of these great principles. It has been a maxim with all sound Republics, that to give way to injustice is the most flagrant act, and to submit to insult, the most pernicious effect of cowardice ; it is impossible therefor that you, who fought the Battles of our Revolution with so much reputation, upon such principles, should not dedicate your lives to the maintenance of them." Philadelphia, July Qth, 1798. JOHN ADAMS. 1799. At the meeting on the 4th of July a letter from the South Carolina Society was read, containing the following extracts from their proceedings, to which the Delegates from this Society to the General Society were li requested to pay due attention." Extract from the Journals of the Society of the Cincinnati of the S/atc of South Carolina. March 4, 1799. The Committee who were appointed at the last meeting to digest the report of the Committee for perpetuating the Society reported the same, which was read, adopted, and is as follows : That it be recommended as a line of conduct for this Society in future to observe, should the General Society not think proper to adopt a system for perpetuating the same. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 99 1. That all the sons of original members, and all the male descendants of any original mem bers, whether such descent be derived through a male or female branch, or of such officers, as having served with reputation, died during the last war, or having been entitled to become members, died within six months after the army was disbanded, who may be judged worthy of becoming its members and supporters, may be elected into this Society on application, after attaining the age of twenty-one years, provided three- fourths of a legal quarterly meeting are in his favor. That each member so elected shall pay into the hands of the Treasurer, for the use of the fund the sum of thirty dollars. 2. That all the officers, commissioned, staff, or brevet, who have served in the Army or Navy of the United States, since the peace with Great Britain, for six years, and who still continue therein, or who, after having served as aforesaid for six years, left the service with reputation, or who shall have been deranged by any act or resolution of the Congress of the United States, after having served with reputation for three years, and all those who are, or shall hereafter be appointed to a command in the Army or Navy of the United States, commissioned, brevet, or staff, and who shall have served therein with reputation, for six years, or who shall be deranged by any act or resolution of Congress, after a service with reputation for three years, may be admitted into this Society, upon application, by election, provided three-fourths of a legal quarterly meeting are in his favor, and upon payment of one month s pay into the treasury of this Society, according to the respective ranks of the applicants for admission. 3. No election shall be valid without the name of the candidate shall be openly proposed, at a regular quarterly meeting previous to the quarterly meeting, at which the ballot shall be held. On December 2ist, a Special Meeting was convened in consequence of the intelligence of the death of WASHINGTON, when it was Resolved, that the members of this Society will wear full mourning as for a Father, for six months, during which time they will also wear the badge of the Society covered with black crape. A committee was appointed to act in conjunction with committees from the Corporation of the City of New York, and other bodies, to agree upon the best manner of paying suitable honors to the memory of the illustrious deceased. Subsequently, Congress having recommended that the 22d of February be set apart for the purpose of testifying the public grief on this event, the Society requested the Rev. Dr. William Linn to deliver a discourse adapted to the mournful occasion. The solemnities were observed in the new Dutch Church in Nassau street, and were opened with a solemn dirge on the organ, followed by a prayer by the Rev. Dr. Rodgers, an anthem was sung, and the eulogy delivered by the Rev. Dr. Linn. There was a voluntary upon the organ at the conclusion. 1801. At a meeting in January it was proposed to erect a monument within the City of New York to the memory of WASHINGTON. It was subsequently decided, that the monument should be an equestrian statue of bronze, with suit able inscriptions and ornaments. For this purpose a large amount of money was collected, and still more subscribed, but not sufficient to defray the estimated cost. The money which had been collected was some years afterwards returned to the contributors with the accumulation of interest thereon. Major James Fairlie and the Secretary, Lieutenant John Stagg, Jr., were 100 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. appointed a Committee to design a standard suitable for the Society, and at a subsequent meeting presented the following report, which was adopted and ordered to be executed. "That a banner be adopted instead of a standard, of the form hereunto annexed, to be made of silk, and to measure about forty-one inches in length, and twenty-eight inches in breadth. That the stars be silver embroidered on a blue field. Thirteen stripes, light blue and white alter nately. Fringe, silver, about two inches in length. On the top of the staff which is to be painted white, and to be about ten feet in length to be represented an eagle the order of the Society to be made of brass or copper, and gilt from its beak a gilt chain, suspending the banner." In the Treasurer s report following appears this item, "To Madam Bancel for making the standard, sixty-five dollars." l8O2. July 5. The Standing Committee was constituted, the Committee to which all applications to be admitted as members of the Cincinnati should be presented, and they were directed to report the same to the Society for final action. Prior to this, under a resolution of March, 1789, there had been a separate " Committee on Claims, which considered all such applications. 1.803. At a meeting of the Standing Committee on yth December, a communica tion being made to the Society by Colonel Smith that a turnpike road runs "directly over the grave of the late Baron Steuben, it was Resolved, That the Society, holding in reverence and respect his memory, the President be requested to communicate with Colonels Walker and North, and to report whether any and what steps would be proper for the Society to adopt on the subject, not interfering with the wishes of the deceased previous to his death, and that the President report to the Standing Committee at the next monthly meeting the result of his inquiries. At the Standing Committee s Meeting of 2yth June, the secretary reported that an invitation had been send to Colonel John Trumbull, late one of the Commissioners on the part of the United States of the Court of Great Britain, to attend the celebration of the Anniversary of the National Independence on the following 4th July. The Minutes of 4th July state that " the Society adjourned to Ross s Hotel, where the 2pth Anniversary of the day was cele brated with a suitable entertainment, Commodore Truxton and Colonel Trum bull being among the guests and that after the dinner, a number of appropriate toasts were drank and the evening spent in that harmony and social glee, which has ever distinguished the Society on that auspicious day." THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. IOI The following resolution was adopted at the meeting of the Society on the 1 3th July. Resolved, That in future Public Processions of this Society the following order be observed, to wit : The Sergeant at Arms. The President. The Standard borne by an officer in full uniform. The Secretary. The Treasurer and the Assistant Treasurer. The Standing Committee. The Members two and two. The Vice-President. It was also at the same meeting Resolved, That on the occasion of the Society s being in mourning the eagle shall be worn on the left breast, the ribbon covered with crape, a crape chevron round the left arm above the elbow, to be worn for one month. On the 4th of July, on motion of Hamilton, the Committee were directed, in case of a favorable report upon claims for admission as a member of right (except where there may have been a previous admission in another State Society), to report specifically the ground upon which they conceive the original right of the applicant to stand, and the reason which may have pre vented an earlier application for admission if any delay has been. July 13. The death of Hamilton was announced, and a special meeting of the Society was called. The Society was requested by a Committee of the Common Council of the City of New York, to take order for the funeral pro cession, and appointed a Committee for the purpose. At their request, the Honorable Gouverneur Morris delivered the eulogium at the tomb of the de ceased. The Society adopted resolutions expressive of the " deepest affliction at an event which has deprived them of their most illustrious member, their country of its most enlightened and useful statesman, and the world of one of those extraordinary men which ages have seldom produced." Letters were addressed to the Vice- President-General, and to the other State Societies, announcing the sad event, and the deep and universal sorrow it has occasioned in this Society, and amongst their fellow citizens of every description. At the request of the Society, the Rev. Dr. John M. Mason delivered an oration in honor of the talents, the virtues, and the eminent services of this great man. IO2 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. The Society subsequently erected a Mural Tablet in Trinity Church, New York City, to him with the following inscription : THIS TABLET does not profess to perpetuate the Memory of a Man to whom the age has produced no superior nor to emblazon worth eminently conspicuous in every feature of his countrys greatness nor to anticipate prosperity in their judgment of the loss which she has sustained by his premature death BUT TO ATTEST in the simplicity of grief the veneration and anguish which fill the hearts of the members of the NEW YORK STATE SOCIETY OF CINCINNATI on every recollection of their illustrious Brother MAJOR GENERAL ALEXANDER HAMILTON. OBIIT 1804 ^TATIS 47. * On August 2d, a letter was read from Edward Roach, late Secretary of the Delaware State Society, stating that that Society had been dissolved long since, and the funds been divided among the members. The following was adopted on the 5th December : Resolved, That all future resolutions passed in this Committee shall be brought forward by the mover in writing, which original resolution shall be preserved on file as vouchers for the entry thereof in the minutes. 1805. On the 4th of July, a Committee appointed at a former meeting to make application to the Legislature for an Act of Incorporation^ was discharged, and a new Committee requested " to pursue this desirable object without fail."f * This tablet is in the Robing room. The Society subsequently in 1830, subscribed and paid one hundred dollars to Hamilton s monument which was placed in the Merchants Exchange, N. Y. City. t The application was presented to the Legislature, but without success. The Society determined, however, to persist in the effort, and resolutions to this effect were successively adopted in 1808, 1809, 1810, 1812, 1813, 1818, 1819 and 1825. The applications were, however, in each case unsuccessful, and the Society remains at the present day unincorporated. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 103 On December 4th, an application having been made to the Standing Committee by the widow of a deceased member for pecuniary aid, after full consideration, it was resolved, that she has no claims on the Society merely as the widow of a deceased member, " that the funds are exclusively reserved for the relief of indigent members, their widows or children upon proof being exhibited of their situation and necessities." 1806. On the 4th July, a form of certificate of membership was adopted to be endorsed upon the back of the original diploma in cases where an hereditary member was admitted by right of representation of the original member. On Nov. 5th it was represented that the Connecticut Society had been dis solved, and their funds deposited in the hands of a trustee subject to the order of the individual members, according to their respective deposits. 1810. By a resolution passed on the 4th July, fifteen members being present shall hereafter be deemed a quorum of the Society competent to transact business It was also Resolved, that Captains Fowler, Bleecker, Dunscomb, Majors Platt and Fairlie be a Committee to compile a new publication of the By-Laws, pro ceedings of the General Society, a register of the New York line in the Revo lutionary Army, and the present members of the New York State Society, and for the better enabling them to carry this resolution into effect, they are hereby authorized to have free access to the bcoks and papers of the Society. 1813. On the 5th of July an application for admission was presented in behalf of a younger brother of the original member, who died without leaving issue, the elder brother having renounced in his favor. The Society dismissed the appli cation as " not within the purview of the Constitution or the rules of the Society."* * In August, 1818, the Standing Committee unanimously adopted a different conclusion upon the same point, and recommended the admission of the younger representative, in whose favor the elder had renounced ; and on the sth of July, 1819, the Society adopted their recommendation, and admitted the younger representative, Charles Graham a nephew, the son of the younger brother John Graham, who as well as his elder brother Augustine Graham, were deceased. 104 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 1815. On Nov. the i5th, it was resolved that three Trustees of the funds of the Society be appointed, in whose name all the funds are to be invested. In the absence of an act of incorporation the Society s funds have since the above date continued to be thus invested. 1816. In i Si 6, an application was presented for admission by James Smith, only son of Surgeon Isaac Smith, who claimed to have been an officer in the Revolu tionary Army, and who had died about the year 1792, without having united with the Society. It was decided that the father having declined becoming a member of the Society during his lifetime, and no sufficient reasons being offered for his having so declined, his rights ought to be considered as having expired with him. A special meeting of the Society was held on the nth of June for the pur pose of paying their respects to President Monroe, then on an official visit in the City of New York. A procession was formed, and the Society in a body waited upon the President, when an address was made to him in behalf of the Society by a Committee for that purpose, to which the President replied as follows : The opportunity, which my visit to this City in the discharge of important public duties has presented, of meeting the New York State Society of the Cincinnati, with many of whom I was well acquainted in our Revolution, affords me heartfelt satisfaction. It is impossible to meet any of those patriotic citizens whose valuable services were so intimately connected with that great event, without recollections which it is equally just and honorable to cherish. In your support of all proper measures for the national defence and advancement of the public welfare, I have the utmost confidence. Those whose zeal and patriotism were so fully tried in that struggle will never fail to rally to the standard of their country in any emergency. " On the 4th July, the following was adopted : Resolved, That the officers of the Revolutionary War bear the rank that they respectfully held during that war, and that the members since, by right, bear the title of Mr. 1818. On the 4th July the President read to the Society a letter from His Excel lency De Witt Clinton, Governor and Cotnniander-in-Chicf of the State of New THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 105 York, covering an order of the Adjutant-General, relative to the honors to be conferred to the remains of General Richard Montgomery. Whereupon it was Resolved, That Colonels Stevens, Trumbull, Majors Fish, Platt and Fairlie, and Captain Fowler be a Committee with unlimited powers, to make the necessary arrangements for paying the last Tribute of respect to the remains of that distinguished hero of the Revolution. It was also Resolved, That the President, CW^W^Varick, Willett, Giles and Trumbull, Majors Fish, Clarkson, and North, and Captain Tiebout be the pall-bearers. At a meeting of the Society, held 24th February, on motion of Colonel Giles it was Resolved, That whereas, by the Constitution of this Society it is amongst other things pro vided as follows, viz. : " As there are and will at all times be, men in the respective States eminent for their ability and patriotism, whose views may be directed to the same laudable objects with those of the Cincinnati, it shall be a rule to admit such characters as honorary members for their lives only." That this Society in testimony of the high sense which it entertains of the patriotism, military talents and ability of Major-General Andrew Jackson, and of the meritorious services rendered by him in his early and judicious arrangements for the defence of New Orleans, and his gallant defence of that city on the 8th January, 1815, which eventuated in the entire repulse, overthrow, and destruction of the Veteran British Army then before it, thereby greatly exalting the military reputation of our Country, do admit him and he is hereby admitted an honorary member of the Society of the Cincinnati. On the 5th July, on motion of Major Fairlie, it was Resolved, That the Standing Committee shall not meet to exceed four times in each year, extraordinary occasions excepted. 1823. At a special meeting on the iSth of June, called to take into consideration a letter addressed to the N. Y. State Society of the Cincinnati by the Honorable the Corporation of the City of New York, inviting its officers and members to dine with them at the City Hall on the coming 4th of July, in celebration of the Anniversary of American Independence, the Standing Committee directed its Chairman and Secretary to give the following answer : " To Jacob Morton, Esq. For the Committee of Arrangements of the Honorable the Cor poration of the City of New York. The members of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati regret that it will not be in their power to accept the polite invitation of the Honorable the Corporation, to dinner on the 4th day of July next. The members deem it respectful to assign their reasons for not accepting an invitation from such a distinguished public body as the Corporation of the City of New York. 106 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. The Society was instituted for the avowed object of cultivating in peace those affections, sympathies, and friendly relations, which united the members (who were officers of the Revolu tionary Army) during the struggle for our Independence, and the Anniversary of that Independ ence was from the first organization of the Society selected as its Anniversary, in order that the members of this, and other Cincinnati Societies, and the Veterans of the Revolution, might on that day assemble together, and by acts of mutual kindness, and good will, and the recollections of past scenes, cement and brighten the chain which has so long bound them together. In addition to which, previous to the receipt of the invitation of the Honorable the Corpor ation, the Standing Committee of the Society, pursuant to the By-Laws, had adopted measures preparatory to the approaching Anniversary, and engaged a dinner, which would of itself, deprive the Society of the honor of dining with the Corporation." By order of the Standing Committee, JOHN TRUMBULL, (Chairman}. DANIEL E. DUNSCOMB, (Secretary). On the 4th of July an application for admission was presented by a nephew of a deceased original member who died without issue, leaving one sister of the full Mood, and six brothers and sisters of the half blood. The applicant was the eldest son of the sister of the full blood. The Standing Committee on December 3, unanimously reported in favor of his admission.* 1824. At the Anniversary meeting of July 5th, on motion of Mr. Graham, the following preamble and resolution was adopted : Whereas, The Congress of the United States, in accordance with the sentiments of the Nation, have invited d neral La Fayette to visit the United States, and it having been repre sented that the General has accepted the invitation and will shortly visit this city, the members of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati, his associates in arms, and the witnesses of the distinguished and valuable services rendered to this country by General La Fayette during that arduous struggle, which terminated in the Independence of the United States, are desirous to render to him the highest honors ; therefor, Resolved, Unanimously, that Morgan Lewis, John Trumbull, Philip Van Cortlandt, Marinus Willett and Nicholas Fish be a committee to wait upon General La Fayette on his arrival, and to assure him of the respect and esteem which is entertained for him by the members of this Society to introduce him to the Society (which the President will convene for that purpose) and generally to adopt such measures as, in the opinion of the Committee, may conduce to his distinguished reception, and render his visit to this country satisfactory. The special meeting and banquet of the New York State Society was held, agreeable to public notice, on the 6th September, at Washington Hall, for the purpose of paying that tribute of respect to La Fayette which his services, during and since our glorious Revolution, justly entitle him. The members present at the banquet were : The President, Colonel Varick ; the Vice Presi dent, Colonel Morgan Lewis; Captain Theodosius Fowler {Treasurer}, Lieu tenant Jonas Addoms, Lieutenant Lebbeus Loomis, Captain Leonard Bleecker, Ensign Jedidiah Waterman, Lieutenant William Torrey, Lieutenant William * John J. Plume in right of Surgeon Garret Van Wagenen. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 107 Walton Morris, Lieut. -Colonel Lewis Morris, Captain Henry Tiebout, Major Nicholas Fish, Lieutenant Samuel Cooper, Lieut.-Colonel Robert Troup, Lieu tenant Abijah Hammond, Lieutenant William Leaycraft, Colonel Simeon De Witt, Colonel Philip Van Cortlandt, Lieutenant Abraham Leggett, Dr. John R. B. Rodgers, Lieutenant Bezaleel Howe, Major Richard Platt, Captain James Brewster, Captain Ebenezer Macomber, Major Matthew Clarkson, Dr. James Davidson, Captain William Popham, Captain Peter Taulman, Captain Daniel Kemper, Captain Nathaniel Norton, Captain Charles Graham, and the following hereditary members : John J. Plume, Horatio Gates Stevens, Henry S. Dodge, Anthony Lamb, Brigham Howe, John L. C. Hardy, Alexander Hamilton, and Stephen Van Rensselaer and Jacob Morton, honorary members. 1825. General La Fayette having represented to the Society that the Baron D Aurier, a lieutenant-general in the armies of France, had served in the United States during the War of the Revolution as an officer of distinguished merit, in the division of the French troops then commanded by General the Count Rochambeau, and as allies of the American Army under the immediate command of His Excellency General Washington at the capture of Yorktown, in October, 1781, and that the said Baron D Aurier is a gentleman of very estimable and fair character, and is in his sentiments a patriot, and worthy of being enrolled as a brother among the surviving officers of the Army of the United States of the Revolution, and that the Baron is desirous of becoming an honorary member of the Society of the Cincinnati. On the 4th July this Society, in testimony of the high sense it entertains of the political principles, the fair character and talents, and the meritorious services of the Baron D Aurier in the War of the Revolution for the Inde pendence of the United States of America, do admit him, and he is hereby admitted an honorary member of the Society of the Cincinnati : Resolved, That a copy of the preceding resolution, together with a diploma, with the usual certificate endorsed thereon and signed by the President of this Society, be delivered to our friend and brother, General La Fayette, with a request that he will be pleased, on his return to France, to present the same in due form to the Baron D Aurier. At a special meeting of the Society, held on the 2pth October, the Society accepted the invitation to attend the celebration of the opening of the Erie Canal on November 4th. 1826. On the 4th July, Nicholas Van Rensselaer, a Lieutenant in the ist N. Y. Regiment of the Revolutionary Army, was permitted to subscribe his signature I08 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. to the Institution of the Society, " nunc pro tune" as an original member, it appearing that he was an original member, but had omitted to subscribe to it before. The Society then adjourned to the Common Council Chamber, pursuant to invitation to be present at the presentation by his Honor the Mayor, of the Canal Medal, voted by the Corporation, to the children of the late Robert Fulton (deceased), and subsequently dined with the Honorable the Corpor ation of the City of New York, at the City Hall. The venerable John Adams having died at Quincy, in the State of Massa chusetts, on the 4th July of this year, and Thomas Jefferson at Monticello, in the State of Virginia, on the same day, being the 5oth anniversary of that memorable day on which, both the above named venerated Patriots and States men, subscribed the Declaration of our National Independence, and the Cor poration of the City having determined to celebrate so remarkable an event by a procession, and appropriate religious services, and having also requested the cooperation of this Society, the following was issued by direction of the President of the Society, to wit : GENERAL ORDER, July roth. The members of the Society are requested to meet at the City Hall, on Wednesday morning next, at half past nine o clock, to unite with the Honorable the Corporation, in paying tributes of respect to our late illustrious fellow citizens, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. The mem bers to wear the usual badge of mourning. CHARLES GRAHAM (Secretary). RICHARD VARICK (President}. The religious services upon the above occasion were performed at the Middle Dutch Church, in Nassau Street, consisting of a prayer by the Reverend Mr. Shroader, a sermon by the Reverend Mr. Rowan, and a prayer by the Reverend Mr. Stanford. 1828. His Excellency DeWitt Clinton, Governor of this State, having departed this life, the following was issued on the i5th of February: GENERAL ORDER. The President performs the melancholy duty of announcing to the Members that his Excel lency DeWitt Clinton, Governor of the State, and a member of this State Society, departed this life at Albany, on the 6th instant. ^Governor Clinton s public and private life are so generally known, his patriotism and love of country so universally admitted, his philanthropy and talents so justly admired, that his death is at this time to be mourned as a national loss, while his attachment to the members of the Society, THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 109 and his continued exertion to promote the best interests of the Institution, make him to be regretted as a personal friend. The members of the Society will therefore wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days, to evince their respect for his memory. CHARLES GRAHAM (Secretary). RICHARD VARICK (President).* On the 4th of July, Colonel Trumbull presented to the Society a portrait painted by himself of Bryan Rossiter, for many years the Sergeant-at Arms of the Society. This portrait is now in the custody of the New York Historical Society. 1829. 8th April, Major William B. Crosby and the Secretary, who had been here tofore appointed a Committee to procure a new eagle for the Standard of the Society, reported that they had performed the duty assigned them, and produced an eagle, elegantly gilt upon copper, made by Nel West, a rnechanic of this city, whereupon it was resolved, that said report be accepted, and further, that the Chairman draw his warrant upon the Treasurer, in favor of Mr. West, for thirty dollars, the amount of his account for said eagle, and that the Committee be authorized to procure a new and lighter chain, to suspend the Banner of the Society to the said eagle. 1830. The Society, on the 5th July, addressed the following letter to Colonel Marinus Willett : f DEAR SIR : The Society congratulate you upon the return of our national anniversary, they feel grateful that an overruling Providence has permitted you to live to witness this 54th anni versary, but while they regret that your infirmities have not permitted you to join your brothers in the public celebration of the day, they are fully sensible that no one feels a deeper interest in the prosperity and happiness of the Nation than yourself. The members of the Society assure you of their affectionate regard and profound respect. HORATIO GATES STEVENS (Acting Secretary). RICHARD VARICK (President). * A discourse commemorative of the character and public services of DeWitt Clinton, was delivered in the Middle Dutch Church, on the 8th of November, by Dr. David Hosack, and attended by the members of the Society. t Colonel Willett died 22d August, 1830, seventeen days afterwards. 110 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 1830. The Society addressed the following letter to La Fayette : NEW YORK, December 4, 1830. To Generally FAYETTE The members of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati, a remnant of your comrades in the war which raised the United States to the rank of a free and independent nation address you General, at this time with no common emotions. We rejoice with the French people, and with the friends of the rights of man throughout the civilized world, at the victory which the National Guards and their associates, recently obtained over despotism. Victory is common to the brave, but the forbearance humanity and dignity of con duct exercised toward the conquered in the late Revolution, created in us heartfelt joy, mingled with profound respect for the actors in that great and happy event ; nor do we less appreciate the wisdom which when the right and power of self-government were obtained, calmed the tempest and was contented to enjoy the good resulting from it. And more especially General, we rejoice that you, our friend and compatriot, have been active in promoting the forbearance and humanity which so eminently distinguish the late Revolution from all others. We pray God to have you and your great nation in his especial keeping ; to frustrate the machinations of the unprincipled and interested who seek to plunge France into a sea of anarchy and blood ; and that you may remain in peace, and in the full enjoyment of civil and religious liberty. Such is not only the fervent prayer of your respectful and affectionate comrades, but of the whole people of the United States. Receive General, the assurance of the distinguished consideration of the members of the Cincinnati Society. By order, and on behalf of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati. CHARLES GRAHAM {Secretary). RICHARD VARICK (President}. 183.. GENERAL ORDER. The following was issued on July 5th : The President with deep and sincere regret-announces to the members of the Society, that the venerable James Monroe, late President of the U. S., and a member of the Virginia Society of the Cincinnati, died at his residence in this city yesterday at half-past three o clock p. M., being the 55th anniversary of our National Independence. Mr. Monroe joined the army of the Revolution in the Fall or Winter of 1776 as a -volunteer, and brought with him from Virginia a company of artillery, which he raised and commanded, and of which the late William Washington was lieutenant. Colonel Monroe sought the post of danger at the Battle of Trenton on the 26th December, 1776, and greatly distinguished himself as an officer in that action, in which he was severely wounded, having been shot through the breast, and by which he was disabled for nearly a year. After hisyrecovery he was appointed Aid-de-Camp to Major-General Lord Sterling, and continued on his staff for some time. lie was subsequently elected a member of the Continental Congress, and was a member in the year I 7&3> when Washington resigned his commission to that body. After the war Colonel Monroe was appointed by Washington, Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of France, and was subse quently appointed by Madison, Secretary of State, from 1811 to the Fall of 1814, when in conse quence of the war with Great Britain, in which the United States were then engaged, and to give greater vigor to the operations of the War Department, he was appointed Secretary of War, and held that office until the peace of 1815, when he was again placed by Madison at the head of the Department of State. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Ill Colonel Monroe was installed President of the Uuited States on the 4th March, 1817, and held that high and dignified office for two terms. The members of the Society are directed to wear the usual badge of mourning for a deceased member for thirty days, to attend the funeral of the deceased on Thursday next, at 10 o clock A. M., from the place to be appointed for that purpose. CHARLES GRAHAM (Secretary). RICHARD VARICK (President}. 1832. GENERAL ORDER. The following was issued on 220! February: The members of the Society having been invited by the Honorable, the Corporation of the City, to unite with them in celebrating the Centennial return of the birthday of the Father of his Country, General WASHINGTON, first President General of the Society, are requested to assemble for that purpose at the City Hall this day, at ten o clock precisely. CHARLES GRAHAM (Secretary). MORGAN LEWIS (Acting President}. The Society attended the Procession in pursuance of the above order. The exercises were held at the Middle Dutch Church, and consisted of a prayer by the Reverend Dr. Kuypers, an ode, composed for the occasion by Samuel Woodworth, was sung by the choir, under the direction of Mr. Earle, an oration by Colonel Morgan Lewis. An anthem being sung, the ceremony closed with prayer and benediction by the Reverend Dr. Milnor, when the Procession resumed its march back to the City Hall. Brigadier-General Gilbert Hopkins being the Grand Marshal of the day. The vessels in the harbor were deco rated with flags from sunrise to sunset. Salutes were fired from the Navy Yard and Governor s Island. The City Hall clock was brilliantly illuminated from 7 until 10 p. M. Upon the occasion the Society received the following: " Captain Belknap of the Army would esteem himself honored if the Cincinnati Society of New York and the soldiers of the Army of the Revolution would accept of the services of the Military Band, attached to the Post he commands, during the celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of the birth of their former chief." Bedlow s Island, 22 February, 1832. N. Y. STATE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI, 24 August 1832. GENERAL ORDER. The President announces to the members of the Society that Colonel Samuel Ward of the Rhode Island line of the Continental Army, and a member of the Rhode Island Society of the Cincinnati, died in this city on the i6th inst., in the y6th year of his age. Colonel Ward was a brave and useful officer, distinguished for firmness of purpose, and devoting in early life his talents to the study of the military profession, was enabled to render very efficient aid to his country in the War of Independence. In May, 1775, he was commissioned as Captain in the R. I. Army of observation then commanded by General Greene and subsequently served at the siege of Boston. In September of the same year he was appointed to command a Company of Volunteers, and joined the expedition which was led by Colonel Arnold- by the Ken- 112 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. nebec and the Wilderness to Quebec. In the attempt to storm that fortress in the night of the 3ist of December, 1775, he was attached to Arnold s command and was, with most of that detachment, made a prisoner. He was exchanged in 1776, and in January, 1777, was commis sioned as Major of Colonel Greene s Regiment of the R. I. line of the Army, and was at the battle of Red Bank on the 22d of October. In 1778 his Regiment was ordered to the defense of his native State, and was commanded by him in the skirmishes with the enemy which took place on General Sullivan s retreat. In 1779 he was commissioned as Lieutenant-Colonel and served with that rank until 1781, when he retired from the Army. The members of this Society will, to evince their respect for the memory of a brother officer, whose remains are deposited among them, wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days. CHARLES GRAHAM (Secretary). MORGAN LEWIS (President). 1834., GENERAL O.RDER. On 2oth June the following was issued : The President with the most unfeigned regret announces to the members of the Society, the death of their illustrious associate and respected friend, General La Fayette, who died at Paris on the 20 May last, in the 77th year of his age. It is impossible, in the limits of an order, to give even a sketch of the life of him whose fame has spread over the Globe, and whose exploits have shed lustre upon two Hemispheres, nor is it necessary. Of his bravery in the battles in the Revolution, more especially at Braidywine and Yorktown, you were witnesses, and his love of this, his adopted country, and his affectionate attachment to you, his brothers in arms, remains indelibly engraven upon your hearts. General La Fayette was a true disciple of repub lican liberty ; at the age of twenty-one he abandoned the pleasures of the Court of France, the ease and enjoyment of rank and wealth, and joined the Americans in their arduous struggle for independence. He united his destiny with yours in that memorable contest, and is entitled to a large share of its honor and glory. lie became the adopted son of our venerated Father, General Washington, and it is remarkable how much in after life, and in the revolutions of his native land, he displayed that wisdom, moderation, modesty, and firmness, which he had learned from his adopted parent. General La Fayette lived to witness the happiness of the country, which he had aided in laying the foundation, and his late visit to it is a proud monu ment of a Nation s gratitude to the Nation s guest. The Secretary will cause the Banner of the Society to be shrouded with black, and the mem bers are requested to wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days in remembrance of their departed companion. CHARLES GRAHAM (Secretary). MORGAN LEWIS (President). The Society on the 26th of June convened with the Common Council at the City Hall to pay funeral honors to La Fayette. A procession under the Grand Marshal of the day, Gilbert Hopkins, Esq., assisted by Brigadier-Gene rals Garret Striker, John Lott, John Lloyd, Colonels lsag,c L. Varian,. Samuel D. Jackson, Willliam L. Morris, Frederick Pentz, Nathan B. Graham and Henry P. Robinson, William S. Jones, also Lieutenant-Colonels Morgan L. Smith, Andrew Warner and Major Robert Brown, moved up Chatham Street and the Bowery, to Broome Street to Broadway, to Castle Garden, where the ceremonies were performed. The military, under the command of Major- General Jacob Morton, preceded the following pall-bearers, namely, Morgan Lewis, President of the Cincinnati, Colonels John Trumbull, Simeon De Witt, THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 113 William North, Majors William Popham, Samuel Cooper, Captains John Van Dyck and Nathaniel Norton, all of whom were members of the Cincinnati Society, on each side of the cenotaph which was drawn by eight cream- colored horses. Then followed the Clergy, the Mayor (Cornelius W. Lawrence), the Governor and Lieutenant-Governor of the State the Hon. James Tall- madge, the orator of the day the Common Council the Board of Aldermen the Mayor and Common Council of Brooklyn the Society of the Cincinnati Consul of France and French residents the Judges of the United States, State and City Courts the Recorder Members of the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States Members of the Legislature of the State Foreign Ministers and Consuls the Grand Lodge of the State Members of the Bar U. S. Marshals the Sheriff and other Officers of the city Offi cers of the Army and Navy of the U. S. the President, Trustees and Faculty of Columbia College and the New York University the College of Physicians and Surgeons the Chamber of Commerce Board of Trade Officers of the Customs Wardens Harbor Masters the Fire Department Marine and other Societies, and Citizens of New York, Brooklyn and other cities. The church bells were tolled, all the public buildings, as well as all the vessels in the harbor, had their colors hoisted half-mast, and all business was suspended throughout the city. 1836. ;.; . -.; . V ; On the 4th of July, John Baptiste Auguste son of the Baron D Aurier, an honorary member was elected to membership in the New York State Society, but never having complied with the requirements of the Institution by signing his name to the same, failed to avail himself of the honor. GENERAL ORDER. The following was issued the 3d December : The President with deep and sincere regard announces to the Members of the Society, that their worthy and respected friend, Major General Jacob Morton died this morning of apoplexy, in the 76 year of his age. His death was awfully sudden, and should impress upon those who survive, the great truth "in the midst of life we are in death," and induce them to be prepared as he believes the General was for their final account. General Morton, like most of the young gentlemen who were driven from this City by the war of the Revolution, and its occupation by the British, studied law with the late Judge Patterson of New Jersey, was first admitted to the bar of New Jersey, and afterwards to that of this State, and practiced law in this city for many years. He received his first commission as an officer in the militia, on or about the year 1786, and continued in commission until the time of his death. He was upon duty and acted as one of the Marshals of the day, at the Inauguration of General Washington, which took place in this city on the soth day of April, 1789. He was afterwards Colonel of the 6th Regiment of Infantry, and was transferred with that regiment to the Artillery, and upon the death of General Ebenezer Stevens, was appointed in 1815 to the command of the ist Division of the Artillery of this State. He served as a Brigadier-General, in the War 1812 to 1815, under the orders of the President of this Society, who was honored by the President of the United States, with the command of the Military District which included the City of New 114 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. York. The President of the Society deems it justly due to General Morton to state, that whether in peace or war he, and the troops under his command were always ready to defend their country, and to sustain the civil authority to put down riot or civil commotions. In civil life, General Morton was not less distinguished. In the year 1795 he was elected a member of the House of Assembly from this city, and in 1797 upon the recommendation of the late Governor Jay, an Act was passed concentrating all the powers of the Justices of the Peace in relation to Civil Suits, into a Court of Justices of the Peace, to be held daily at the City Hall and General Morton, the late John Wells, James Morris, William Johnson and Samuel Jones, were appointed the Judgesof it. After filling the offices of Alderman, Comptroller and City Inspector in 1816, he was appointed the Clerk of the Common Council of this City, which office he held for more than twenty years and until his decease. In private life he was the urbane and accomplished gentleman, an affectionate husband, a kind father, hospitable to stranger?, a friend of the poor and a sincere Christain, and in everyway deserving the confidence and esteem of his fellow citizens, and of the members of this Society of which he was an honorary member. The funeral will take place from No. 9 State Street, on the 6th December, at 2 P. M., and members of this Society are requested to wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days in honor of their deceased associate. CHARLES GRAHAM (Secretary). MORGAN LEWIS (President). 1837- An application being made for admission by Count Gabrowski, claiming in right of his father Count Gabrowski, as having served under the Duke de Luzerene, the Secretary addressed a letter to the President-General, requesting information with respect to the succession from the officers of the French Army, who were admitted members of the Society, and received the following reply : * CIIAS. GRAHAM, Esq. (Secretary). JERSEY CITY, May 22, 1837. SIR : Yours under the post-mark of May 5th, 1837, has been duly received and on examina tion, I find from the minutes of the General Society, that the Society was established by the officers of the American Army who signed the Institution, and at the same time a draft on the Paymaster-General for one month s pay according to their several grades, who combined them selves into one Society of Friends, to endure as long as they shall endure, or any of their male posterity. There is in the original Institution, a provision, of which, I now enclose a copy. f From this provision it would seem that the extension of the order, should be confined to the persons designated therein, for otherwise there can be no limit, and it cannot be presumed that the President-General, without authority so to do, transmitted a medal to any not named in the pro vision, or who had not been a General or Colonel in the Army commanded by Count Rochambeau. Besides, there is. no provision that the right of membership should* descend to the posterity of the persons designated in the enclosed provision, and the adoption of such a rule now, might place the Society in great future difficulties, but if otherwise, this right can only be proved, by * "I he application of Count Gabrowski was referred back to him by the Committee, for further information as to the rank of his father in Rochambeau s Army, which never has as yet been acknowledged. t This enclosure was the extract from the original Institution, naming the Chevalier de Luzerne and others, including the Count Rochambeau, and other Generals and Colonels of his Army, to whom the medal was to be sent, and who were considered as members. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 115 the production of the medal, which was doubtless sent to every officer in the French Army who was entitled to it, or accounting for its loss. I know of no list of the names of the officers of the French Army, who were admitted mem bers of the Society, other than as contained in the enclosed provision, nor of any such prepared by General Knox, but if such an one was prepared at the time, it must have been confined to the Generals and Colonels, in Count Rochambeau s army. I am, Sir, very respectfully, Your most obedient servant, AARON OGPEN. 1838. GENERAL ORDER. It has become the painful duty of the President of the Society to announce to its members the recent and lamented death of the Honorable Major-General Stephen Van Rensselaer, an honorary Member of this Society, and the oldest officer in rank of the militia of this State. Our country has given birth to few individuals, if any, whose loss will be more sincerely and universally regretted and deplored. As a man, he was in disposition mild, unassuming, benevo lent, and liberal in the extreme. As a patriot, his valuable services were promptly devoted to his Country, both in peace and war. In his civic character, the records of his Country will exhibit him for years presiding over the Senate of his native State, and also over many of their most important institutions. In his military capacity, we find him among the first in war, exchanging the joys and comforts of domestic life, amid a numerous, amiable and interesting offspring, for the toils, privations, sufferings and dangers of the tented field. Born in princely inheritance, his vast available income was ever disbursed with unbounded munificence in charities and donations to aid the moral, intellectual, physical and religious ad vancement of the human family, without the semblance of ostentation or unworthy selfishness. In friendship he was sincere, to simulation a stranger, bearing always figuratively, but truly, his heart in his hand free from all disguise. Intimately known to the President from years of early boyhood, he can assert with confidence that the whole tenor of his life was an illustration of those virtues and graces which elevate, adorn and dignify the human character. The Members of the Society are requested to wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days. CHARLES A. CLINTON (Secretary). MORGAN LEWIS (President). 1840. At the Anniversary meeting, it was proposed that the eldest sons or grand sons of the original members of this Society be admitted by courtesy, to attend the future meetings of the same in their absence, whereupon on motion, it was resolved that the adoption of the same is inexpedient. i8 43 . GENERAL ORDER, November i3th. The President with deep regret announces to the Members of this Society the death of their venerable friend Colonel John Trumbull, an original member, who departed this life on Friday- morning, the loth inst., after a protracted illness, in the 87th year of his age. Il6 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Colonel Trumbull at an early period of our Revolutionary struggle, entered the Army, and was attached to the military family of General Washington, whose warm regard he maintained till the close of the War. His military life is so familiar to most of our citizens, that it would be superfluous to recapitulate ; sufficient to say, that in all his capacities he was a distinguished and meritorious man, as well as an exemplary Christian. The Society will be debarred the melancholy satisfaction of attending his respected remains to the grave, they having at his request been removed to New Haven, but they will wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days. EDWARD P. DE MARCELLIN {Secretary). MORGAN LEWIS (President}. At the Anniversary meeting of the Society, Captain William Popham was chosen President in the place of Colonel Morgan Lewis, deceased. Whereupon he made the following address : GENTLEMEN : The death of our late regretted President who hath descended to the grave full of years and full of honors, has in the course of ordinary events called on me (unfit as I am) to take his place and attempt to discharge the duties of his office. It is now sixty-five years since I first associated myself with the gallant band who laid the foundation of the Society which you now compose, a Society formed at a time and under circumstances which find no parallel in the annals of any nation on earth. At the glorious termination of the war, which for seven years had been maintained against the most powerful of nations, against the evils of poverty, destitution, privation, and the absence of every comfort which can render life desirable, with a firmness and fortitude of which we can pro duce no example, it became necessary to disband this gallant army, Congress unable to comply with their engagements, dismissed them without pay or emolument of any kind. The army then lay in the vicinity of Fishkill, Newburg, New Windsor and West Point, the headquarters at New Windsor, the order was issued that the army be forthwith disbanded and marched to their respective homes in squads, under the command of commissioned and non-com missioned officers to prevent disorder, that their pay of necessity was reduced to forty for one, with the promise of ample justice when the state of the country would admit. This was received without an audible murmur. After a few days a second order was issued requiring all the officers within its reach to meet the General at headquarters ; this order was also obeyed. After we had all collected, the General produced a letter, which was read by his order (if I mistake not) by Colonel Humphreys. This letter contained sentiments the most inflammatory which the writer could possibly indite. After stating the toils, the labors and patience of the army during a seven years war, which had terminated in the glorious independence of their country, they were dismissed and sent home more like mendicants than a victorious army, that their applications and remonstrances to Congress for the fulfilment of their contract, or relief of their wants, was rejected ; he advised, he called on the officers not to lay down their arms or disband their troops, but to march to Phila delphia and invest the Senate Chamber, and demand at the point of the bayonet what their humble solicitation failed to obtain, then to return to the wilds of our country and establish themselves as a Military Colony. > This letter, the General commented upon with his usual dignity, represented the glorious character the army had obtained in the eyes of every nation on earth, by their successful fortitude and forbearance, from which a step like this would precipitate them into contempt. He urged them to persevere in the course they had pursued that he should never lose sight of their merits nor fail to use his utmost exertion to procure for them full and perfect justice, so soon as the state of the country permitted. Previous to the separation of the officers, a few, with General Knox and Colonel Hamilton, retired and prepared to form the Society which you now sustain the Constitution which, when THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 117 drawn up, was submitted to the General, who approved and sanctioned it with his signature. It was intended to perpetuate the friendship which had subsisted in times the most trying and afflictive, in the gloomy hour of retreat as the joyful shout of victory to transmit that friendship to our latest posterity and to relieve the wants of the necessitous and indigent widows and orphan children of such of our brothers as had fallen in the field of battle, for which purpose each officer agreed to pay into the hands of a treasurer to be appointed, so soon as they should be enabled, one month s pay, to form a fund for that purpose, and I record it with pleasure, that the droppings of that little fund has caused the heart of many a widowed mother to sing for joy. Of this gallant band I, through the good providence of God, have been spared as the last and only survivor, and while I look round in vain for those friends of my youth, the companions of my early schoolboy days - who had devoted their lives to the service of their country and breathe a sigh of sorrow and sympathy for their premature fate, my heart bounds with rapturous delight to behold so many of their posterity, who have sprung up like the plants of the Garden of Eden, clustering around the standard of their country s freedom, who have sworn on her altar, that the glorious and untarnished standard, which they have received from their fathers, they will, by God s help, transmit, unstained to their posterity. I lament to say that some of the members of this Society have expressed a wish, and urged the dissolution of this Institution, and of dividing its funds among its members. Perish the thought ! No ! Never while I live, though I shall through the natural infirmities of extreme old age bj denied the power of appearing in it again, I will never consent to consign to eternal oblivion aa Institution which has received the sanction of Washington, and been consecrated by his own signature. No? I consider this greatly undervalued Institution as an integral portion of the soil in which the glorious tree of our country s liberty was originally planted, which has taken deep root and whose branches have extended to the utmost boundaries of the habitable globe. I consider it as the Alma Mater of the greatest and most resplendent empire that the world has ever seen, an empire that hath sprung up from cradled infancy to the meridian of gigantic manhood. \Vhere shall be found a country in which such successful enterprise is exhibited ? Where shall we find a spot of navigable water in which the spangled banner of the United States has not sported in the breeze ? Where is the country of interminable extent through which an army of one hundred thousand men can be collected, at any point of yon sea-coast, if necessary, within forty-eight hours, to repel the invading foe, by means of canals, railroads, and steamboat, erected in the short space of less than four hundred years ? A country which has introduced a river forty miles underground, to adorn their capital city and rejoice the hearts of her citizens. Nothing would be easier than to pursue this delightful subject, but I have imposed too long on your patience, and have exhausted myself. I have only to add, that as in the course of human events, I now at the close of my ninety-second year, may not be permitted to see your faces again in this world. I shall hope to meet you in that eternal world, where we shall see no more through a glass darkly, but face to face, where we shall know even as we are known. 1845. GENERAL ORDER, 2ist June. The President, with heartfelt regret, announces to the members of the Society the death of Major-General Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee, which melancholy event took place at his residence (the Hermitage) on the 8th inst., full of years and honors. In consideration of the distinguished military achievements of General Jackson, he was unanimously elected, an honorary member of this Society, on the 24th February, 1819. Our country has given birth to few individuals whose loss will be more sincerely and univer- versally regretted. As a patriot, his valuable services were devoted with untiring zeal to the cause of his country, which may with pride look back to his career as a conquering and triumphant chieftain. His civil life was not less distinguished for its devotion and fidelity. The members of this Society are requested to wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days . EDWARD P. MARCELLIN (Secretary). WILLIAM POPHAM (President). Il8 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 1846. At the Anniversary meeting it was Resolved, that a committee of two be appointed to have 250 copies of the constitution and by-laws of the Society printed, with such other documents as they may think proper, together with an historical statement of such of the principal incidents in the proceedings of this Society, as they may think advisable, and also a list of the officers and members of the Society, from its institution to the present period.* 1848. GENERAL ORDER, March ;th. The remains of the Honorable John Quincy Adams will pass through this city to-morrow, and it is proper that the Cincinnati Society should unite with their fellow citizens in rendering appropriate honors to the memory of this illustrious statesman, who has been so highly dis tinguished for his pre-eminent talents, the purity of his character, his elevated patriotism and his devotion to the great interests of our country during his long and useful life. The members of the Society are therefore requested to assemble at the City Hall to-morrow (Wednesday) at I o clock p. M., with the usual badge of mourning, for the purpose of joining-in the solemnities which will be observed on that melancholy occasion. EDWARD P. DE MARCELLIN (Secretary). ANTHONY LAMB (President). At a meeting of the Standing Committee, on the i4th of November, the Secretary stated that he had received a letter from the Trustees of the Rock- land Cemetery, offering the Society the gift of 400 feet (superficial) of ground, for the use of the Society, together with a certificate of the gift. Whereupon it was Resolved, that the Secretary be authorized to accept the same, in the name of the Society, and to make choice of a proper site. At the Anniversary meeting the following was adopted : > Resolved, That the Pedro Du Quesne, resident of Havana, be admitted a member of this Society in right of his father, the Marquis Du -Quesne, but inasmuch as the latter never belonged to any State Society, nor even contributed to its funds, it was ordered, the applicant contribute a month s pay of a Captain of the A T avy, to the treasury of the Society, f * The Treasurer, Hamilton Fish, and the Secretary, Edward P. de Marcellin, were subsequently appointed such committee, and on the 4th of July, 1851, reported they had completed their labors and produced the same. t The applicant died without availing himself of the honor of becoming a member. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 119 GENERAL ORDER, July zoth. It is with the most painful sensations that the President announces to the members of the Society, the death of General Zachary Taylor, President of the United States, and an honorary member of our Society, who died on the evening of the gth inst., after an illness of five days. The loss of General Taylor at this time, appears to be irreparable, as from the moderation, wisdom, patriotism, purity and firmness of his character, he had the full confidence of the Nation, and was well qualified to conduct it through the storm, which is raging in our political atmos phere, which if not put at rest, will endanger the property and happiness of our glorious union. The members of the Society will wear the usual badge of mourning for the death of this illustrious man for thirty days. ED. P. DE MARCELLIN (Secretary). ANTHONY LAMB (President}. At a meeting of the Standing Committee on the 4th November, it was Resolved, That a committee, consisting of Colonel Horatio G. Stevens. Governor Fish, Dr. J. Kearney Rodgers, and the Secretary.be appointed to confer with Henry A. S. Dearborn, the President General oi the Society of the Cincinnati, on the subject of preparing a stone with suita ble inscriptions, to be presented to the national Washington monument, now in course of erec tion at Washington, D. C., on the part of the Society. 1851. At the Anniversary meeting, the New York State Society adopted the fol lowing : Whereas, The General Society of the Cincinnati at their meeting held in the City of New- York on the "th and 8th days of May, 1851, adopted " an ordinance relative to the succession and admission of members ," which has been transmitted to this Society (accompanied by the report of a committee upon the subject), for its approval and ratification, and Whereas, This Society is of opinion that the adoption of the said ordinance by the several State societies will tend to a uniform and harmonious action between the several societies, will in some degree restore the diminished numbers of the Society, and will the better ensure the great object contemplated by its founders of transmitting and perpetuating the friendships found under the pressure of common dangers ; therefore Resolved, That the New York State Society of the Cincinnati do hereby approve and ratify the aforesaid ordinance, and do adopt the same. But inasmuch as the approval and ratification of the said ordinance, by all of the State societies, is essential to its adoption as a rule for future action, in the admission of members to the Society of the Cincinnati, the adoption of the said ordinance by this Society is upon condition, and with the express declaration, that the same shall be approved, ratified, and adopted, by each and every one of the remaining State Societies, before it shall be considered as a rule of action for the governance or control of this Society. Resolved, That the Secretary do transmit an authenticated copy of the foregoing preamble and resolution, to the Secretary-General of the Cincinnati, and also to the Secretaries of each of the remaining State Societies ; and that he do respectfully request of each of the last-named Secretaries, to be informed of what action may have been had in their respective societies upon the subject of the before-mentioned ordinance and report.* * This ordinance not having received the approval of all the State .Societies became inoperative. 120 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. The following was moved by Mr. Alexander Hamilton at the same meeting, but was unanimously lost : That the 4th Canon or resolution authorizing " the admission of all the lineal male descend ants of the Revolutionary officers, and all the male lineal descendants of those Revolutionary offi cers who became members of the Cincinnati Society at its original organization," be reconsidered, and that the same may be referred to a special committee. (See ante, page 54.) 1852. GENERAL ORDER, July 2d. The Corporation of this City having decided to render appropriate honors to the memory of the Honorable Henry Clay, deceased, who has been so highly distinguished for his preeminent talents, the purity and disinterestedness of his patriotism, and his uniform devotion to the great interests of the country during his long and useful life, and the members of our Society, being descendants of those patriots who fought the battles of the Revolution, which secured to our beloved country its independence and the power to establish our glorious Union, and as this distinguished patriot tus on all occasions, by his great talents, his energy and perseverance, eminently contributed to sustain and preserve that Union, it is therefore proper that we should unite with our fellow-citizens in rendering the highest honors to his memory. The members or this Society will assemble at the City Hall to-day, at the hour designated by the Committee of the Corporation in their advertisement in the papers, for the ceremonies to take place, for the purpose of joining in the solemnities to be observed on the melancholy occasion. EDWARD P. DE MARCELLIN (Secretary). ANTHONY LAMB (President). An application for membership having been received from Theodore Gentil on the loth November, it was referred to Theodosius O. Fowler to investigate, who subsequently submitted the following report: At the last semi-annual meeting of the Standing Committee, on application having been made by Mr. Theodore Gentil for admission to the Society in right of his grandfather, Colonel Stephen Rochefontaine, it was referred to the undersigned to ascertain if the claim preferred by him was sufficiently valid to entitle him to be elected as a member, provided no other impediment existed. The undersigned finds that in St. Domingo, where the mother of the applicant was born, she was known to many who subsequently on the breaking out of the Revolution in that Island emigrated to this country as the only daughter of Colonel Rochefontaine among whom was Francis Depau, late father-in-law to the undersigned John B. Cazaula, Editor of the Courier des Etats Unis, states that he knew Madame Gentil well and all her antecedents, and is perfectly convinced of her identity with the only daughter of Colonel Stephen Rochefontaine. Mr. Gentil has submitted to the undersigned the commission of -Stephen Rochefontaine as a Lieut-Colonel in the Army of the Revolution, and the Diploma he received as a member of the Society of the Cincinnati, both signed by George Washington. The claim of Mr. Gentil, to be the only lineal descendant of Colonel Stephen Rochefon taine, appears to the undersigned fully establi shed. The character of Mr. Gentil as a man and gentleman render him in every way worthy of being elected.* All of which is respectfully submitted. THEODOSIUS O. FOWLER. * Mr. Gentil was admitted on the following 4th July. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 121 1854. The following was adopted at the Anniversary meeting : Whereas, The General Society of the Cincinnati, at their triennial meeting held in Balti more on the 17th day of May, 1854, adopted the three following resolutions, viz. : I. Resolved, That each State Society shall have the full right and power to regulate the admission of members, both as to qualifications of members and the terms of admission ; Provided, That admission be confined to the male descendants of original members or of those who are now members (including collateral branches as contemplated by the original constitu tion), or to the male descendants of such officers of the army or navy as may have been entitled to admission, but who failed to avail themselves thereof within the time limited by the constitu tion, or the male descendants of such officers of the army or navy of the Revolution as may have resigned with honor or left the service with reputation, or to the male collateral relatives of any officer who died in service without leaving issue. II. Resolved, That the male descendants of those who were members of State Societies which have been dissolved may be admitted into existing Societies upon such terms as those Societies think proper to prescribe. III. Resolved, That the foregoing resolutions be proposed to the several State Societies and their assent be requested thereto, and upon such assent being given by each of the remaining Societies, the Secretary-General shall issue notice thereof to each Society, and thereupon the said resolutions shall become operative, and each State Society shall be at liberty to act upon the power given thereby. Now, therefore, be it Resolved, That the assent of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati be and the same is hereby given to the first and second of the said resolutions. Resolved, That if the assent of each of the other remaining Societies be given to the said resolutions, then, upon notice being issued by the Secretary-General as contemplated in the third of the said resolutions, the said first and second resolutions shall becofne and be deemed opera tive as a part of the constitution of this Society, and this Society shall thereafter be at liberty to act upon the power given thereby in such manner as shall hereafter be determined. Resolved, That the Secretary of this Society forward a copy of the foregoing preamble and resolutions, duly attested, to the Secretary-General, and also to each of the remaining State Societies. The following resolution was also adopted at the same meeting : Resolved, That in case the assent of each of the remaining State Societies be given to the resolutions respecting the succession and admission of members, which were adopted at the last meeting of the General Society (in May, 1854) and by them proposed to the several State Societies, the Standing Committee be directed to report to the Society, at its next meeting, such rules and regulations as they may think proper to recommend for the admission of members under the power given by the said resolutions. GENERAL ORDER, December 6th. The President, with unfeigned sorrow, announces to the Society the death of the vener able Captain Robert Burnet, Jr., of Little Britain, Orange County, N. Y., a member of the Society, who, it is believed, was the only survivor of the commissioned officers of the Army of the Revolution. He died at his residence on the 2gth November. He was born 22d February, 1762, and was at his death ninety-two years of age. Captain Burnet was appointed a lieutenant in the Artillery Corps commanded by Colonel Lamb, when nineteen years of age. He was esteemed as a brave and efficient officer, and when the American Army marched into New York at the evacua- 122 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. tion of the city by the British troops he had the honor of commanding the American guard which relieved the British rear guard stationed in the Bowery. The spirit of patriotism which animated him at the age of nineteen appeared to burn in his bosom when over ninety. lie was invited to come to this city to unite with the Society and the public authorities to celebrate the birthday of General Washington on the 22d February, 1851, (which was intended to be celebrated with unusual splendor for the purpose of bringing into prominent view the sentiments of that illustrious patriot in relation to the preservation of the Union, which appeared to have been forgotten or disregarded by numbers of people who boldly advocate its dissolution) and his opinion was asked on the subject, lie stated that his age and infirmities were such that it was impossible for him to attend the celebration ; that he was always in favor of sustaining the Union, and was opposed to that spirit of discord which tries to excite one portion of the Union against another, and that he had always been an advocate for the Union, a firm supporter of the Constitution in all its compromises, had never coun tenanced by his vote or influence any of the fanaticisms of the day, by whatever name they were called the " Free Soil " or the "higher power" party who denounced the Constitution as a gross violation of the laws of God and the rights of nature ; and he enjoined it upon the members of the Cincinnati, of which he had so long been a member, to support the Union and adhere to the Constitution so long as there is a member of the Society in existence. The members of the Society will wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days as a testimony of respect to the memory of their venerable associate. EDWARD P. DE MARCELLIN (Secretary). ANTHONY LAMB (President). 1855- At the Anniversary meeting Mr. Hamilton offered the following, which was adopted : Resolved, That the festive celebrations of the Society be hereafter held on the 25th of November* (Evacuation Day). 1856. On the 4th of July, certain Rules and Regulations with regard to the qualifi cations and admissions of members into the New York State Society were pre sented and referred to the Standing Committee. f l8 57- On the 4th of July, the Rules and Regulations, with regard to the qualifi cations and admission of members into the New York State Society, having been recommended by the Standing Committee, were adopted as follows : * For several years the Society continued to celebrate this occasion. 1 See the action of General Society at thejr meeting, at Trenton, in May, 1856. (See ante, page 55.) THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 123 I. No person shall be admitted a member of the Society (whatever may be his relation to an original, or other member of the Society,) unless he be of good moral character and reputation, and be (in the language of the original constitution,) by the Society "judged worthy of becoming its supporter and member." II. None but males, of full age, shall be admitted to membership ; but eligibility to membership in succession, devolving upon a minor, shall be deemed vested in such minor, but the use thereof shall remain in abeyance until the disability cease or be removed. III. Lineal succession to membership shall be according to the rules of inheritance at the common law, unless otherwise expressly provided, subject in all cases to the provisions of the ist Rule above. And the officer of the Army of the Revolution, who was an Original Member, shall be deemed and taken as the " prof-ositus " from whom succession shall be derived. In cases where, according to the rules of the common law, the inheritance would descend to two or more persons (jointly) the Society may admit either of them, as the one entitled in lineal succession ; or may allow the benefit of the right of admission without pay, to be apportioned among all or several of the said persons. IV. All male descendants of officers of the Revolutionary Army or Navy, who were Original Members of this State Society, and also all male descendants of all persons who have been, or now are, or hereafter may become Members of this State Society, shall be eligible as Members thereof, and if judged worthy, may be admitted upon the following terms, viz. : The descendant entitled in lineal succession (according to Rule III.) shall, if judged worthy, be admitted without payment, in right of the payment made by his ancestor. Every other descendant who may be judged worthy of admission, shall at the time of signing the roll, and before taking his seat as a Member, pay into the Treasury of the Society a sum equal to one month s pay of the Officer, or Original Member from whom he claims descent, or in whose right he claims membership, according to the rank of such Officer at the time he signed the rolls of the Society, provided that such sum shall in no case be less than seventy-five dollars. V. If any member of this State Society have died, or shall hereafter die, leaving no descendant, the Society may, upon the application of some one of the parties, select from among his brothers or nephews some one whom they may judge worthy to be a member of the Society and the person so selected shall be entitled to succession in right of such deceased member; but no collateral relative otliLr than a brother or nephew, shall be admitted in succession to a member who shall have died leaving no descendants. Provided however, that the descendants of any such brother or nephew who shall have been admitted, may succeed to him. VI. The male descendants, of full age, of the Original Members of any of the State Societies which have been dissolved, and also the male descendants residing in the State of New York of the Original Members of any State Society, may be admitted into this Society (if judged worthy), upon the payment into the Treasury of a sum equal to two months pay in the Continental Army, of the Original Member from whom they claim descent, according to the rank of such Original Member, at the time he signed the rolls of the Society of which he was a member, provided that such sum shall in no case be less one hundred and fifty dollars. VII. No person shall be admitted a member of this Society whose father or paternal grandfather adhered to, or took protection from the Enemy during the war of the Revolution. VIII. The vote of the Society admitting a new member, shall not be deemed to constitute the person ballotted for, a Member, until he shall have subscribed the roll of the Society, and have complied with the terms required by any rule or regulation, by-law, or order of the Society. IX. All money paid into the Treasury by persons admitted, in pursuance of the foregoing rules and regulations, shall be considered as part of the funds or principal money belonging to the Society, and shall be invested in the name of the Trustees, as provided by the by-laws. X. The diploma or certificate which Members are entitled, by virtue of the XIV. By-law, (adopted in May, 1851), to receive upon their admission, shall be in the following form : STATE OF NEW- YORK. SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. BE IT KNOWN, That A. B., the lineal successor of (or a descendant of C. D.,) who was a in the Regiment of New York Infantry, (setting forth the rank of the officer as subscribed to the Rolls of the Society), and an Original Member of the State Society of the Cincinnati, is (by virtue of a resolution of the New- York State Society of the Cincinnati, passed on the day of 185 ) a Member of the Society of the Cincinnati instituted by the Officers of the American Army of the Revolution at the period of its dissolution in 1783, as well to commemorate the great event which gave Independence to the United States of America, as for the purpose of inculcating the duty of laying down in peace, arms assumed in the public defence, and of uniting in acts of brotherly affection and bonds of perpetual friendship, the Members constituting the same. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the New York State Society of the Cincinnati have caused these presents to be signed by their President and countersigned by their Secretary the day of in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and , and of the independence of the United States of A merica the PRESIDENT. SECRETARY. At the adoption of the foregoing Rules, it was " Resolved, That the 4th of the said Rules, and so much of the 6th as may contemplate the admission of more than one descendant of any Original Member (to represent such Original Member at the same time), shall be in force for the period of three years, and no longer, unless continued or renewed by a resolution of the Society adopted at or after the expiration of the said three years. But the expiration of the said Rules shall in no way affect the right of any members admitted in pursuance of the said Rules during their continuance. 124 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 1858. The following schedule, taken from the War Department, of the monthly pay of Officers of the Revolution, was adopted at the Anniversary meeting on the 5th of July, as a criterion for the Society s use : $166 to $180. Major-General. 100 oo. Secretary to the General. 125 oo. Brigadiers and Adjutant-General. 100 oo. Commissary Generals and Paymaster General. 100 oo. Colonels of Artillery. 93 75- " " Cavalry. 75 oo. " " Infantry. 60 oo. Lieutenant-Colonels. 90 oo. Field Commissary of Military Stores. 80 oo. Quartermasters, Deputy Commissary and Chief Engineer 62 45. Majors of Artillery. 62 45. " " Cavalry. 50 oo. " " Infantry. 50 oo. Captains of Artillery. 50 oo. " Cavalry. 40 oo. " " Infantry. 33 30. " and Lieutenants of Artillery, i 26 60. " Infantry, Ensigns or Cornets^ 30 oo. Regimental Paymasters and Clothiers (additional). 75 oo. Chaplains. 59 oo. Surgeons. 46 oo. Mate. 102 oo. Director of the Hospital Department. 100 oo. Deputy Physician " 92 oo. Apothecary and Purveyor of the Hospital Department. 90 oo. Surgeons. 60 oo. Captains in the Navy. 30 oo. Lieutenants " " GENERAL ORDER, Albany, March 6th. With deep sorrow the President announces the death of Matthew C. Perry, a Post Captain in the Navy, and an honorary member of the Cincinnati. Without enumerating the various services of this distinguished man, it is enough to say that they stand conspicuous in the naval history of our country. Commodore Perry always sustained the character of an honorable and upright man. lie was a useful citizen and an ornament to his profession. His death will be mourned by all who enjoyed his personal acquaintance, regretted by his professional associates, and acknowledged by all, as a severe loss to the country. In testimony of our respect for his memory, the insignia will be in mourning for thirty days. ALEXANDER B. THOMPSON (Secretary). RICHARD VARICK DE WITT (Acting President). GENERAL ORDER, New York, June 3oth. The public ceremonies on the occasion of the removal of the remains of ex-President Monroe THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 125 to Virginia, will take place on Friday, July 2d, under the direction of the Special Committee of the Common Council. Mr. Monroe was a member of the Virginia State Society. He joined the Army of the Revolu tion in 17/6, as a vohmteer, and brought with him from Virginia a company of artillery, which he raised and commanded. At the battle of Trenton Captain, afterwards Colonel Monroe, greatly distinguished himself. He received a severe wound through the breast, by which he was disabled for nearly a year. After his recovery he -was appointed Aide de Camp to Major-General Lord Stirling, and continued on his staff for some time. He was subsequently elected a member of the Continental Congress, and was a member in 1783, when General Washington resigned his com mission to that body. After the war Colonel Monroe was appointed Minister to France, and subsequently Secretary of State and Secretary of War. He was elected President of the United States, 4th March, 1817, and held that high office for two terms. Mr. Monroe died in this city on the 4th July, 1831. Members of the Cincinnati will take the place which may be assigned them at the obsequies, by the Special Committee of the Common Council. The insignia will be in mourning until the 5th of July. ALEX. B. THOMPSON (Secretary). RICHARD VARICK DE WITT (Acting President). At the special meeting of the Society held on Evacuation Day of this year, at the Everett House, the Secretary presented a communication from Mr. Thomas L. Servoss, enclosing a letter addressed to the Baron Steuben, Presi dent of the N. Y. State Society of the Cincinnati, by John Pintard, Sagamore of the St. Tammany Society or Columbian Order, as follows : SIR : In behalf of the Society of St. Tammany or the Columbian Order, I have the honor to present you with a Calamut of peace, as a pledge of that friendship which they wish to cultivate with the New York State Society of the Cincinnati. Established upon national principles, the Columbian Order considers your Society as brothers, with whom they desire to promote a mutual interchange of civilities. As the junior establishment, it accordingly makes the first advances, and it rests with you to determine how far it will be agree able to cultivate a friendly intercourse between the two Societies. That every true son of America may be connected by one bright chain of friendship, and ever smoke the Calumut of peace in the sunshine of prosperity, and under the protection of the Great Spirit of freedom, is the earnest prayer of our Society, in whose behalf I have the honor to sub scribe myself your friend and well-wisher, JOHN PINTARD (Sagamore). New York, I3th May, 1790. Whereupon, on motion, it was Resolved, That the thanks of the Society be presented to Mr. Servoss, that Mr. Pintard s letter be placed on the archives, and that the Acting President be requested to write Mr. Servoss in acknowledgment of the donation. 1861. At the meeting of the Standing Committee on May 2jst, on motion of Mr. Hoffman, the following resolutions were adopted, and ordered to be entered upon the book of minutes of the Society: 126 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Whereas, Our fathers founded the Society of the Cincinnati to the intent that their children should always preserve that love of country and loyalty to its government which they held to be the first duty of patriots and of soldiers ; and Whereas, They then declared it to be their unalterable determination to promote and cherish between the respective States that union and national honor, so essentially necessary to their hap piness and to the future dignity of the American empire ; and Whereas, The Government they founded on these eternal principles is now threatened by those who resist its authority and defy its laws ; therefore Resolved, That, as members of the Society of the Cincinnati, it is our sabred duty to guard with vigilance the inheritance we have received from our fathers, and to transmit it to our children unimpaired and inviolate. Resolved, That we do utterly deny the right of secession, and hold that no State can right fully withdraw from that union of which it forms a part. Resolved, That the first duty of a soldier is to the Government he has sworn to support, and that we do therefore utterly condemn the conduct of those officers who have violated their oaths, and deserted their flag, and hold them to be unworthy successors to the heroes of the Revo lution. Resolved, That it is our duty, as citizens of the United States, to support its Government, to enforce its authority, to uphold its laws, and to this sacred duty we, in the spirit of our fathers, and in their immortal words, do hereby pledge our lives and fortunes and our sacred honor. It was also on motion Resolved, That a committee be appointed to consider and report whether, in their opinion, it is desirable that the Society should raise a regiment of infantry, for the defence of the Govern ment, and if they shall be of opinion that it is so desirable, to prepare and report to the Standing Committee a plan for organizing such regiment . It was ordered that the committee consist of the president (Mr. Fish) and two members of the Standing Committee (Mr Wickham Hoffman and Mr. Earl Douglas). On the following 4th July the Committee, to whom it was referred to con sider the propriety of raising a regiment of infantry, to be offered to the Presi dent of the United States for the defence of the Government, beg leave to Report, That they have not considered it desirable to take any active steps in the matter, before the meeting of the General Society. The Committee was thereupon discharged. 1862. At the Anniversary meeting the following was adopted: Whereas, A meeting of the General Society of the Cincinnati is appointed to be held in this city on the second Wednesday in May, 1863, therefore Resolved, That an entertainment be provided by this Society during their sitting, and that a Committee of three members be appointed to make the necessary arrangements, and to transmit the invitation, in the name of this Society, to the officers and delegates of the General Society, and also to provide a room for their meeting, and that the treasurer pay the expenses of the same, on the certificate of the approval of the Committee of Arrangements, namely, Dr. Torrey, Mr. Pop- ham and Mr. Earl Douglas. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 127 1865. GENERAL ORDER, April 22d. The members of the Society are requested to join in the funeral procession of the late President of the United States. The sons of those who perilled their lives to found a Nation, mourn the loss of one who perished in the firm maintainance of that Nation s existence. But while they mourn the martyr, they had the assurance that a Nation s name and a Nation s honor, strike deep their roots in the soil moistened by the martyr s blood. The blood of Lincoln is shed, in the completion of the work for which the blood of Wash ington was freely risked. The members of the Society will assemble on Tuesday next at such time and place, and will take such position in the line of the procession, as shall be designated by the authorities in charge of the arrangements. They are requested to wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days, and also to wear, in the procession, their order properly draped. MARINUS WILLETT (Secretary). HAMILTON FISH (President). At the Anniversary meeting the following was Resolved, That this Society avail itself of the first opportunity since the assassination of the late President of the United States, to record its profound abhorrence of the foul crime that deprived the Nation of its chosen head, and to perpetuate its appreciation of the noble virtutes, the unflinching honesty, the stern simplicity, the devoted adherence to principle, and the com prehensive philanthropy of Abraham Lincoln, the martyr President of the United States. Resolved, That we recognize assassination and individual murder as following naturally and logically in the train of a causeless and unprincipled revolt against a benign, gentle, and self- imposed, Government a revolt instigated by lust, jealousy, and sectional prejudice a revolt aiming at the enslavement and oppression of a race, and the overthrow of a Constitutional Government a revolt directed and led on by the unholy ambition of unprincipled leaders, mis guiding a confiding and generous constituency a revolt marked in its conduct by a cruelty and ferocity, unknown to Christian and civilized nations, by a treatment of prisoners taken in war, revolting to every feeling and sense of humanity, and which will forever associate the names of Andersonville, Belle Isle, the Libby Prison, and the inhuman authors and permitters of the enormities there committed, with the most atrocious cruelties, that disgrace the darkest pages of history. Resolved, That holding treason to be the height of crime, we believe that justice to the living and to the dead to the vindication of right to the stability of government and to the future peace of the nation requires stern and exemplary punishment to be awarded to the prime instigators and leaders of the late rebellion, while we hail with delight, the far-reaching amnesty which the wise councils of the present enlightened head of the nation, has proclaimed to those who had been drawn into the schemes, of designing traitors and ambitious and unprincipled leaders. Resolved, That after four years of strife, we hail with delight the return of peace, the con firmed integrity of the Union, the preservation of the Constitution, and the train of blessings and privileges which it secures that forgetting the animosities of the late conflict, we would remember only the great lessons which its history teaches We turn with joy and pride to the cherished recollections of the years that preceded it and open our arms to embrace with sincere affection, brothers returning to the remembrance of a common parentage, and to the recognition of the laws, the Constitution and the Union, secured to them and to us by the valor, and cemented by the blood of a common ancestry. Resolved, That we tender to each and every of the surviving State Societies of the Cincin nati, our cordial congratulations, on the day designated by its founders for the common anniver- 128 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. sary, and we desire to express to each of them, the assurances of friendship, affection, and brotherly love, and to record anew, our subscription to the principles, which their fathers and ours, declared to be immutable and to form the basis of our Society. We therefore declare, that we will cherish an incessant attention, to preserve inviolate those exalted rights and liberties of human nature, for which our fathers fought and bled, and without which the high rank of a rational being is a curse instead of a blessing, and an unalterable determination to promote and cherish between the respective States, that union and national honor, so essentially necessary, to their happiness and to the dignity of the American Empire. GENERAL ORDER, February i4th. The President announces with deep regret to the Society, the death of their venerable and beloved associate Philip Schuyler at his residence in Pelham, Westchester County, on Sunday the 1 2th inst., in the seventy-seventh year of his age. Mr. Schuyler entered the Society in July 1811, in right of his grandfather, the illustrious Major General Schuyler of the Army of the Revolution. He filled various positions, both under the State and National Government, and in every relation of life exhibited the same earnest, just, sincere and generous character ; warm in his friendships and affectionate in a remarkable degree in his domestic relations, he had endeared to himself a large number of devoted friends, who will long cherish the memory of his name and his virtues. The members of the Society are requested to attend his funeral, wearing the usual ba dge of mourning, on Wednesday the I5th inst., at one o clock p. M., at Christ Church, Pelham, by order of MARINUS WILLETT (Secretary). HAMILTON FISH (President). 1867. Mr. William Irving Graham, the Secretary, at the meeting of the Standing Committee, on November 25th, read a letter from the Secretary of the Maryland State Society, announcing that that Society had adopted a Rule that any "exist ing members had the right to name one gentleman of the blood of an original member, and that said nominee, if elected, shall enjoy all the rights of the Insti tution, except voting on any amendment to the Constitution," and also stating that the Annual Meeting of the Maryland Society will hereafter be held on the 22d day of February. GENERAL ORDER, February i5th. The Society will meet at Delmonico s, i^th Street and 5th Avenue, on Wednesday Evening, February 22d, at 8 o clock, for the purpose of celebrating the i3Qth Anniversary of Washington s Birthday. An appropriate address will be delivered by the Chaplain, the Rev. Mancius S. Hutton, D.D. WM. IRVING GRAHAM (Secretary). HAMILTON FISH (President). At the Anniversary meeting of this year it was Resolved, That a Committee be appointed with power to call a meeting of the Society on the 25th of November, and on the 22d day of February, and to provide a suitable collation, the same to be continued, annually, during the pleasure of the Society. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 139 1873. At a meeting of the Standing Committee, May 22, it was Resolved, That the Institution of this Society, together with abstracts of the proceedings of the General Society and of the New York State Society down to the present time, also a full list of the members of this Society, together with the revised By- Laws, be printed to the number of five hundred copies, under the direction of the Secretary. At the Anniversary meeting it was Resolved, That John Cochrane, Alexander Hamilton, Jr., Pieire Van Cortlandt, John Schuyler, and the Secretary, Marinus \VilIett, be appointed a Committee on the Centennial Cele bration to be held at Philadelphia in 1876. At the Anniversary meeting of this year the following gentlemen were appointed a Committee of Arrangements, for the triennial meeting*- of the Gen eral Society, to be held in New York i 2th May, 1875, namely, John W. Greaton, Alexander Hamilton, Jr., and General John Cochrane. 1875. At the Anniversary meeting, held on the 5th of July, on motion of Mr. Walton White Evans, the following was adopted : Resolved, That John Schuyler, Alexander Hamilton, Jr., William II. Crosby, and the Secre tary, Marinus Willett, be a Committee to whom all applications for membership be referred, who shall report to the Standing Committee on the same ; and further Resolved, That applications now in the hands of the several Committees and not acted on, be referred to the said Committee. The securities of the Society were ordered at this meeting to be assigned and stand in the names of the following Trustees, viz.: Hamilton Fish, William S. Popham, and William H. Crosby, their survivors, successors, or assigns. At the meeting of the Standing Committee on 3d of November, General Cochrane and Mr. Schuyler were appointed a Committee of Arrangements for the annual dinner. * The meetings, collations, and banquet were held at Delmonico s, in i4th Street, carriages were provided during the afternoons to convey the members to the different points of interest on Manhattan Island. Mr. Hamil ton also entertained them with a dinner at the Union Club House. 130 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 1876. At the Anniversary meeting of this year Mr. Alexander H. Hammond pre sented the Society with a very finely executed oil painting of his father, Abijah Hammond, a Lieutenant in the zd Artillery, in full uniform, wearing the Order of the Cincinnati on his left breast. General Cochrane submitted the report of the Centennial Committee, which was as follows : " That, in compliance with the duties devolved upon them by their appointment, they in due time opened a correspondence with each of the six existing State Societies upon the subject of the time, place and manner of their celebrating the Centennial Year of the Republic ; that each of the State Societies having consented to be governed by whatever their delegates at their meeting in Philadelphia on the first of June, 1876 should decide, it was then and there deter mined that there should be a social reunion of an informal character of the several State Societies in Philadelphia, on the igth of October, 1876, the anniversary of the surrender, in 1781. of Cornwallis to the united armies of France and the United States of America." Your Committee further report that the reunion of the several State Societies took place in accordance with the recommendation of their delegates at Philadelphia on the iSth and igth of October, 1876, and that all the State Societies, with the exception of South Carolina, were repre sented on the occasion and participated therein also that at an informal meeting held on that occasion the following was adopted Whereas, We, the descendants of officers of the Revolutionary Army, have met in this city of Philadelphia, on the occasion of the Centennial Anniversary of the nation ; and, Whereas, It is right and proper that we should give expression to our feelings, on this deeply interesting occasion ; therefore, Resolved, That we hail with feelings of unmingled satisfaction the evidences we see around us of the wonderful progress our country has made in the great march of development and improvement. Resolved, That the great success which has attended the Centennial Exposition of the country, to which all the nations of the earth have contributed of their material resources, should be a source of great pride to all the citizens of the Republic, and that we, in common with them, rejoice in the evidence thus afforded of the high position our country has assumed amongst the nations of the world. Resolved, That we will never cease to cherish with feelings of veneration and respect the memory of the great men who founded this Society, and who, by their efforts and sacrifices in the cause of freedom, started our country on the career which has produced such grand results. Resolved, That we will give our best efforts to the perpetuation of this Society, forming as it does a link between the present and the past, and calculated as it is to foster a spirit of true patriotism and love of country, and to promote feelings of veneration for the great men and the great deeds of the past. Resolved, That we congratulate the managers and officers of the Centennial Exposition on the very capable manner in which they have conducted its affairs, aitfl on the great success which has attended their efforts. The members were, upon invitation from General Hawley, the President of the Exposition, received at the entrance on the ipth of October, and marched in procession into the grounds and up to the Judges Hall, where the Expo sition Committee received them, and, after a few happy words of welcome, conducted them to the various places of interest. In the evening the members THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. were entertained with a very elaborate and brilliant banquet at the Reform Club-House, in Chestnut Street, given by the Hon. George W. Harris, Secretary General and President of the Pennsylvania State Society. 1877. The Committee charged with the duty of ascertaining and verifying the names of \\\^ original members of the New York State Society, reported on the 4th of July that they had succeeded in finding the original Roll of the New York State Society, which had been lost or missing from the archives since the year 1850. It was discovered in an old trunk of papers in Illinois. in the possession of a married daughter of a former Secretary. 1878. An application for membership having been presented in 1875 to the Society by Dr. T. Mat lack Cheeseman, M. I)., asking the right of admission from his grandfather s brother, who was killed with Montgomery in Canada, the Com mittee reported that under the institution the .right of representation in the Society was only extended to the "offspring of those who died in the service, " and as Dr. Cheeseman was not such offspring, his application could not be entertained. Upon investigation it appeared Dr. Cheeseman subsequently made application to be admitted in the NJW Jersey State Society, where he was, on the following 4th of July, admitted. The New York State Society then appealed to the General Society, which met in May, 1878, at Philadelphia, for a decision whether the action of the New Jersey State Society should be sustained. The matter was referred by them to the Committee on By- Laws for investigation. (This Committee has not as yet made their report.) 1879. At the Standing Committee meeting held on the gth of May, General John Cochrane was added to the Committee on applications in the place of the Secretary, Mr. Willett, who had resigned. The following preamble and resolution was adopted at the Annual Meeting: Whereas, Certain portions of the " Rules and Regulations," adopted 4th July, 1857, are already incorporated in the Institution and By-Laws of the Society ; and Whereas, Other portions of the same have expired by limitation ; therefore be it Resolved, That such of these " Rules and Regulations" consistent with the Institution and By-Laws of the Society be incorporated in the By-Laws, and all the remaining be rescinded. 132 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. l880. BY-LAWS OF THE NEW YORK STATE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Compiled and Corrected in accordance ivith Resolution of ^th July, 1879. Recommended by Stand ing Committee for Adoption Dec. 19, 1879. Adopted by Society, Jiily 5, 1880. I. The officers of the Society shall consist of a President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer, each of whom shall in virtue of his office be a member of the Standing Committee. II. The Society shall hold an Annual Meeting in the City of New York, on the Fourth of July in each year, unless that day fall on Sunday, in which case the Annual Meeting shall be held on the following day. Extraordinary meet ings may be called by the President or, in case of his death, absence from the State, or inability to act, by the Vice-President. Public notice of all meetings of the Society shall be given in at least two daily newspapers published in the City of New York, by advertisement, for two days preceding the day of meeting. III. The President shall preside at all meetings of the Society if he be pres ent, but if absent the Vice-President shall preside ; if both be absent the meet ing may appoint a Chairman pro tern. IV. The presence of at least fifteen members shall be necessary for the transaction of any business which may authorize or involve the expenditure of money, or the admission of new members, or the election of Honorary Mem bers. Nine shall constitute a quorum for all other purposes, but no business shall be transacted at an extraordinary meeting which shall authorize or lead to the expenditure of money, nor shall any appropriation of money be made at such meeting. V. The officers of the Society shall be elected at the Annual Meeting in each year ; at which time there shall also be elected a committee of eight members who, together with the officers of the Society, shall constitute the Standing Committee. There shall also be elected, at the same time, five delegates, to represent the Society in any meeting of the General Sodety which may be held during the ensuing year. VI. The election of the officers of the Society, including the members of the Standing Committee and delegates to the General Society, shall be decided by ballot, and the persons having the largest number of votes cast for the respec tive places shall be elected. The vote upon the admission of new members, and the election of Honorary Members, shall also in all cases be taken by ballot ; and the affirmative votes of two-thirds of the members present and THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 133 voting shall be necessary for the admission of a new member, and of three- fourths of those present and voting for the election of an Honorary Member. VII. It shall be the duty of the Standing Committee to take care of the general concerns of the Society, as well as of all matters specially committed to them by the Society. They shall annually appoint a sub-committee of three of their own number to examine the Treasurer s accounts and to make report thereon to the Society at its Annual Meeting. They shall examine and audit all bills and claims against the Society, and shall authorize the payment of what they shall deem just demands. They shall, from the funds of the Society, afford such relief to the members, or the families of deceased members, who may in their judgment be proper objects for the beneficence of the Society, in such sums and at such times as they shall think proper. They shall grant warrants upon the Treasurer for all claims which they shall audit and pass and for all payments which they shall authorize ; but the aggregate of the expenditures authorized by the Committee to be paid, including all sums distributed in aid of members or their families, in any one year, shall not exceed the annual income for the year arising from the productive permanent funds of the Society. The Committee shall have power, from time to time, with the concurrence of the Trustees referred to in the eleventh of these By-Laws, or a majority of them, or of the survivors or survivor of them, from time to time, to call in any of the moneys belonging to the Society, and to invest the same, and to change the investments of the Society s funds. They shall have power to appoint proper persons to fill any offices or places which shall become vacant by death, resignation or otherwise, except as hereinafter provided in By-Law XI. ; such appointments to continue until the place be filled by an election by the Society at an Annual Meeting. They shall keep a record of their proceedings, which shall be subject to the inspection of any member of the Society at reasonable times, and which shall be laid before the Society and be read at the Annual Meetings. VIII. Five members of the Standing Committee shall be a quorum for the transaction of ordinary business, but no payment of money shall be authorized unless seven members be present. IX. Every person desirous of becoming a member of the Society shall make application, in writing, to the Standing Committee, setting forth distinctly and clearly his claim to be admitted. The Committee shall advise thereon, and may require any proof which they may deem proper in support of such claim, or any testimonial with respect to the character and standing of the applicant, and they shall report, in writing, the facts of the case together with their opinion to the Society. No person shall be admitted as a member unless he shall be twenty- one years of age, nor unless his claim and application for admission shall have been before the Standing Committee prior to the day of the meeting on which he may be voted for as a member. Section i. No person shall be admitted a member of the Society (whatever may be his relation to an original or other member of the Society) unless he be of good moral character and reputation, and be (in the language of the original institution) judged worthy of becoming its supporter and member." Section 2. Eligibility to membership in succession, devolving upon a minor, 134 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. shall be deemed vested in such minor, but the use thereof shall remain in abey ance until the disability cease or be removed. Section 3. Lineal succession to membership shall be according to the rules of inheritance at the common law, unless otherwise expressly provided, subject in all cases to the provisions of the Institution. And the Officer of the Army or Navy of the Revolution, who was an Original Member, shall be deemed and taken as the " propositus " from whom succession shall be derived. Section 4. If any member of this State Society have died, or shall hereafter die, leaving no descendant (the eldest male line having become otherwise extinct), the Society may, upon the application of some one of the parties, select from among his brothers or nephews some one whom they may judge worthy to be a member of the Society, and the person so selected shall be entitled to the succession of such deceased member ; provided, however, that no collateral relative other than a brother or nephew, shall be admitted in succession to such member, and that the descendants of any such brother or nephew who shall have been so admitted, may succeed to him. Section 5. The eldest male descendant, of full age, of any Original Member of any of the State Societies which have been dissolved, and also the eldest male descendant, if residing in the State of New York, of any Original Member of any State Society, may be admitted into this Society (if judged worthy) upon the payment into the Treasury of a sum equal to one month s pay in the Con tinental Service, of the Original Member from whom the applicant claims descent, according to the rank of such Original Member, at the time he signed the roll of the Society of which he was a member, together with legal interest thereon computed from the Society s organization to the time of such admis sion, provided that such sum shall in no case be less than five hundred dollars, unless by special order of this Society. Section 6. No person shall be admitted a member of this Society whose ancestor adhered to, or took protection from the Enemy during the war of the Revolution. X. No person shall be admitted a member of the Society, and no Honorary Member shall be elected, except at an Annual Meeting, and no person shall be elected an Honorary Member without having been openly proposed as such at the immediately preceding Annual Meeting, and an entry of the fact being made upon the minutes. XI. All investments of the funds of the Society shall continue to be, as heretofore, in the names of three Trustees, and of the survivors of them, as joint tenants. Whenever a vacancy shall occur in the office of either of such Trustees, the place shall be filled by the Society at its next regular meeting ; but if at any time there be two vacancies, it shall be the- duty of the Standing Committee forthwith to fill the same, which appointment shall be valid until others be appointed in their place by the Society ; and immediately upon the appointment of any new Trustee or Trustees, all investments of the Society s funds shall be transferred to the joint names of the then existing Trustees as joint tenants. Section i. All money paid into the Treasury by persons admitted, in pur suance of the foregoing rules and regulations, shall be considered as part of the THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. J 35 funds or principal money belonging to the Society, and shall be invested in the name of the Trustees. XII. The Secretary shall keep the minutes of the Society and of the Stand ing Committee, and shall have the custody of the books and papers belonging to the Society. XIII. The Treasurer shall receive all moneys belonging to the Society arising from the interest or income of the Society s funds, or other sources of revenue. He shall keep an account with some Bank or Trust Company, or both, in the City of New York, in which he shall deposit all moneys so received by him, on account of the Society, in the name and to the credit of " The New York State Society of the Cincinnati," subject to draft upon checks signed by the Treasurer of the Society for the time being. He shall keep regular accounts and submit them to the inspection of the Standing Committee whenever required by them to do so. He shall present an annual report and account of all moneys received and paid out by him during the year, and shall submit the same, together with the vouchers for his payments, to the Auditing Committee, to be appointed by the Standing Committee, in time that the same may be examined by them and be presented to the Society at their Annual Meeting, except the payment of the expenses attending the Anniversary Meeting of the Society, which may be paid by him upon the order of the President or Vice-President, countersigned by the Secretary. XIV. Every member, upon his admission, shall be entitled to receive a Diploma or Certificate of Membership, to be signed by the President of the State Society and countersigned by the Secretary, for which Diploma he shall pay the Treasurer, before signing the roll of the Society, the sum of ten dollars. The fees thus paid shall be for the use of the Society and be considered as part of the revenue for the current year. XV. All officers, delegates, trustees, and members of the Standing Com mittee, shall continue in their respective authorities until the election of others in their stead. XVI. No rule or by-law shall be altered or repealed or suspended unless such alteration, repeal or suspension shall have been proposed at one Annual Meeting and agreed to at the next, and no new rule or by law shall be made (except upon the written recommendation of the Standing Committee) unless it shall have been proposed at one Annual Meeting and agreed to at the next. XVII. Stated meetings of the Standing Committee shall be held at least twice in each year, as nearly as may be, at intervals of six months. The time and place of meeting, whether stated or special, shall be named by the Presi dent, or in case of his death, absence or inability to act, by the Vice, President. Notice of the time and place of meeting shall be given in writing by the Secre tary to each member of the Committee at least two days before the meeting. In case of the death, absence or inability to act of both the President and Vice-President, the Secretary shall designate the time and place of such meet ing, and in case of his death, absence or inability to act, the meeting may be called by the Treasurer, or by any three members of the Standing Committee. XVIII. The Society shall at the Annual Meeting each year, from among its members, elect a Chaplain and a Physician, each of whom shall be ex-officio a member of the Standing Committee. 136 TH6 SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. XIX. Whenever any person shall be admitted to the right to become a member of the Society, it shall be the duty of the Secretary forthwith to give him notice thereof, and the person thus admitted must immediately thereupon subscribe the roll and pay whatever may be required by the rules or regulations, by-laws or order of the Society, and in case he neglect so to do for the space of one year from the date of the vote or election admitting him to the right to become a member, such vote or election shall be, and be deemed and held to be, revoked, annulled, inoperative and entirely void, and he shall not thereafter be entitled to subscribe the roll or be considered in any way as a member of the Society, or entitled to become such, unless upon a new application for admis sion he shall again be admitted to such right. XX. The fund of this State Society, having been contributed by its mem bers at its formation, is held for the relief of the hereditary members thereof and their families who may be in need of such relief, and, therefore, cannot be appropriated to the relief of those whose ancestors were not original members of this State Society : Provided, that the members admitted to this Society in the right of an original member of any of the State Societies that have been dis solved, and the members admitted in the right of an original member of any State Society, who shall have paid, as a condition of their membership, into the Treasury of this Society, such sum as this State Society may from time to time establish, shall have the same claim on the fund of this Society, as if the original members, in whose right they were admitted, had contributed their month s pay thereto. The President (Mr. Fish) having laid before the Society, at the annual meeting, a letter from the President of the South Carolina State Society, in reference to commemorating the centennial anniversary of the battle of Coivpens, which occurred on the iyth January, 1781, the following was adopted : Whereas, This Society recognize the importance of the battle of Cowpens, in its result toward the attainment of independence, the creation of a nation, and desires to unite with the patriotic citizens of all and every part of the territory embraced within the limits of our common country in the commemoration of the events which made us a nation, and gave us the precious rights of free men, and a recognized place among the family of nations ; and Whereas, by the reason of the absence of the Legislature of the State of New York, no action can be taken in behalf of the State by its authorization in participation in the contemplated commemoration ; and Whereas, some of the original members of this State Society participated in the said battle, and all of its members, past, and present, have sympathized with those who were actors in the gallant strife of Morgan, and in his victory over Tarleton, which checked the onward march of the enemy, who had successfully overrun our Southern territory. Resolved, That this Society does cheerfully unite in the proposed commemoration and in the project to erect a monument in memory and in honor of the event and of those who shared in the victory, and for this purpose contributes the suggested sum of two hundred and fifty dollars. Resolved, That Mr. Hamilton, General Cochrane and Mr. Crosby be a committee to co-oper ate with the Governor of this State, and with such others as may be duly authorized by or in behalf of other States, or by any of the State Societies of the Cincinnati (or in failure of any other being thus authorized), then of themselves to take such measures, in conjunction with the Committee of which the Mayor of Charleston is Chairman, as may be advisable, and proper in that direction, for the attainment of the object. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 137 1881. At the Anniversary meeting the following Report of the Delegates to the Gen eral Society, which met in Charleston on the i3th of April last, was read: In general no formal report in writing has been heretofore made by your Delegates to the Triennial Meetings of the Society, but the proceedings of the General Society in Charleston on 1 3th April, 1881, were so serious, and involved so wide a departure from the "Immutable" principles and the uniform action of the Society, that a statement of the course of your Delegates at that meeting seems to them not only to be justified but required. This departure arose with reference to the admission of the revived Rhode Island Society to membership in the Society of the Cincinnati. This question had appeared first in the Triennial Meeting at Boston, May 29, 1872, and was referred to a Committee of which Admiral Thatcher was Chairman. This Committee reported, and their report was agreed to and ordered placed on its Minutes. It declared that it might be expedient and proper for the General Society to consider any such application- for readmission. Provided, among other conditions, satisfactory evidence had been presented that the amount of the fund existing at the time of the disbandment of the Society had been fully made up with simple interest. At the Triennial Meeting in Philadelphia in 1878, delegates from the Rhode Island Society appeared and claimed admission. The application was referred to a Committee oiFive, one from each of the States present, who were directed to inquire into the circumstances attending the dis solution of any Society, " the distribution of the funds," &c. Two reports were presented to the Society, but a resolution was adopted to recommit the application to the Committee for fuller information and to report at the next meeting. This next meeting was the Triennial Meeting in Charleston on :3th April last, when the Dele gates from Rhode Island again attended. The Committee of Five made a very full and very clear report of the most impartial character, through their Chairman, Gen Cochrane. The report was unanimous, four out -of five members from the various States being present and agreeing upon the following facts based upon written evidence of the Rhode Island Society and its officers and the Records of the Bank. From this report it appeared that on 4th July, 1832, a resolution was adopted by the Society that it be dissolved and the funds be divided and distributed among the original members and their heirs and representatives, and a Committee, composed of the President, Treasurer and John S. Dexter, was appointed to carry the resolution into effect. It is true no quorum was present at this meeting, but the Committee acted for several years, and did substantially divide all the invested funds and cash of the Society, amounting on 4th July, 1832, to more than $4,400, among its members in pursuance of the resolution, and for a period of more than forty years this resolu tion to dissolve the Society and divide its funds was acted upon and acquiesced in without dissent or protest in any quarter. The Committee also found that a further sum of between $2,000 and $3,000 had disappeared, but in the absence of any evidence to the contrary assumed that it had been applied to the legiti mate objects of the Society, and took no account of it. It appeared that the practice of the last Treasurer, Col. John S. Dexter, was to destroy the papers of the Society, and that this practice was continued by his grand-daughter under his direction in 1873, in regard to the papers of the Rhode Island Society under his control. With this unanimous report of a Committee establishing the foregoing facts, your Delegates were confronted by the Institution adopted by the Fathers in 1783, for the performance of which, in their own words, they " solemnly pledged to each other their sacred honor." That pledge is binding upon us, their descendants, if we would be in character, as in descent, their worthy succes sors. They declared in this Institution that certain principles should be immtitable, and form the basis of the Society, and among these "immutable principles were "the most substantial acts of " beneficence toward those officers and their families who unfortunately may be under the neces- " sity of receiving it." 138 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. To form funds for these acts of beneficence each officer gave one month s pay, which they declared shall remain forever to the use of the State Society, the interest only of which, if neces- " sary, to be appropriated to the use of the unfortunate." A more sacred trust could scarcely have been devised. The State Societies were Trustees, and the unfortunate descendants of Revolutionary officers, the ccstui que-tnists for whose benefit the trust was created. It was clear, then, that the Society in Rhode Island not only had dissolved, but had remained in that State between forty and fifty years, showing on their part total want of interest in it, but had deliberately committed a breach of this trust and wrongfully divided the principal and interest of the Revolutionary Fund among its members against the injunction of those who created it, that it should remain for ever, and thereby violating the principle declared immutable by the Founders, of extending acts of beneficence toward the unfortunate. This principle, too, being the only one that has any practical operation at this day. Under such circumstances no choice was left to your Delegates. They went as far as they were at liberty to go, and one of them offered resolutions, which appear in the Minutes, to admit the Society in Rhode Island to membership, on condition that the Funds which had been misap plied should be made good at any time within three years, to the satisfaction of the President- General. A motion to lay this on the table, and thus cut off debate, was made for the first time, it is believed, in the history of the Society. This motion was carried by 21 to 13 votes, and a subsequent resolution moved by the same delegate to admit the Society in Rhode Island without conditions to full membership prevailed by a like majority, giving an unfortunate air of precon certed action to the whole proceeding. Upon the unanimous report of the Committee of Five, there could of course be no question as to the misconduct of the Society in Rhode Island in the past, and your Delegates, assuming on the part of their brethren who differed from them an equal interest with themselves in the fair fame and character of the Society, sought an explanation of the grounds on which their action was based. This was given, and was in substance that the transactions referred to occurred many years ago, and that the Delegates who appeared had not taken any part in them personally, but had unequivocally condemned them. This seemed to your Delegates to be wholly unsound. The Rhode Island Delegation did not present themselves as individuals, as in that character they could not have been admitted to the General Society, but claimed to represent the Society in Rhode Island of 1783, and asked its admission, with all its features of omission and commission upon its head, and unless the General Society were ready to condone its offences, and bear a part of the odium justly attaching to them, the only course left was to readmit upon restitution of the Funds. Your Delegates still hope that the Society in Rhode Island will of their own motion replace the money and dissipate in part the cloud now hanging over the General Society. In this unfortunate proceeding it was some relief to know that Massachusetts and New York stood side by side in maintaining, so far as they could, the ancient, and until this year, the unsullied honor and principles of the General Society. Though in a minority of States, they represented, as is supposed, a majority of the members of the Society, and if they had the misfor tune to differ from so many of their associates, they have the satisfaction of knowing that they had adhered to the principles of the Institution, and were supported by the recorded opinions of such illustrious original members as Charles Colesworth Pinckney, Allen McLane and others. Respectfully submitted, JOHN COCHRANE (Chairman}. > On motion, the following remarks made by Mr. Hamilton were ordered to be printed, and accompany the above report : Mr. President and Brethren of the New York Society : In submitting the Report just read, your Delegates to the Triennial Meeting at Charleston have brought to a close the performance of what has been to them a painful duty. This feeling THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 139 is rendered stronger and deeper by the sadness, anxiety and gloom that hang over us, in common with the whole nation, to-day. By referring to the printed Minutes of the Proceedings at Charleston, in the hands of the members, it will be seen that the report just made is based upon, and taken substantially from those Minutes, and that there can be no reasonable doubt of the accuracy of the Minutes and unfortunately of the inevitable inferences to be drawn from them. For myself, I confess though it may show a lack of fortitude that with the deep affection and interest I have always hitherto felt in the Society of the Cincinnati, and which it was my right and duty to feel, these proceedings at Charleston have caused me much regret and pain, since unless we cherish the sacred memories, and give full, loyal, adherence to the principles of the Founders, the Society of the Cincinnati can exist only in name. On motion, the following resolution was also adopted : Resolved, That the Report of the Delegates to the Triennial Meeting of the General Society, in Charleston, in 1881, be approved and placed upon the Minutes of the Society, and that a printed copy thereof and of this Resolution be transmitted by the Secretary to the Secretary- General and also to the several State Societies. Also the following was adopted : Whereas, The General Society of the Cincinnati, at the meeting held in Charleston, in April, 1881, "Resolved, That a Committee be appointed, consisting of one from each State Society, to be chosen at the meetings of the State Societies, on the 4th of July next (viz. : the 4th of July, 1881), the one chosen, if unable to attend, to have the right, with the approval of the Society, to appoint a substitute, to which shall be added the President General as Chairman of the Committee, and that said Committee be instructed and shall have power to revise and modify the old, and present any new rules and ordinances that they may think best," and further as pro vided in the said resolution of the General Society, and Whereas, This State Society of New York has, in pursuance of the said resolution, appointed General John Cochrane to be the member of the said Committee from this State Society, therefore Resolved, That this Society doth approve, and hereby gives power to General Cochrane, the member of the Committee from the New York State Society, if at anytime he be unable to attend, to appoint a substitute in his place on the said Committee, and such substitute from time to time to change, and a new substitute to appoint, and further Resolved, That in case the said General Cochrane be at any time unable either to attend or to appoint a substitute as above provided, that the Presiding Officer of this Society (for the time being) be, and he is hereby authorized to appoint another member of this State Society, as the member of such Committee from the New York State Society, with like powers of substitution as above expressed, and Whereas, The scope of power granted to the proposed Committee is large, and may involve the future interests and business of the Society, it is the opinion of this State Society, that care and deliberation be had, and opportunity afforded, if need be, to consult and confer not only among the members of the Committee, but possibly with the several State Societies, or with the officers thereof, therefore Resolved, That in the opinion of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati, it is not expedient to attempt to hasten the conclusions of the Committee in anticipation of a meeting of the General Society, prior to the regular time of its meeting, and further Resolved, That the New York State Society does not favor the assembling of a General Meeting during the present year, there being, in its opinion, no adequate object to compensate the expense and inconvenience of bringing delegates together so soon after the General Meeting held in April last. 140 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Also the following was adopted : The New York State Society of the Cincinnati have heard with heartfelt sorrow and indignation, of the murderous assault upon James A. Garfield, THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, and they desire to express to his family, their deep sympathy in the distressing calamity which has so suddenly overwhelmed them in the deepest grief, and to join their prayers with those of the whole community, that our heavenly Father may bless with success, the means used for his recovery, and may continue to our country and its institutions, His care and protection in the severe trials that may be impending. Resolved, That a copy of the foregoing, certified by the President (Mr. Fish) and the Secre tary (Mr. Schuyler) be transmitted by telegraph to the Hon. William M. Evarts, Secretary of State of the United States. On motion, it was also unanimously Resolved, In view of the distressing anxiety resulting from the present condition of the President of the United States, that the Society do dispense with its usual Anniversary Dinner. A communication from the Hon. John W. Johnston, Chairman of the York- town Congressional Committee, extending to the New York State Society an invitation to attend and participate in the ceremonies of the Centennial cele bration, to be held at Yorktown in October next, under the auspices of the United States, was received and, on motion, accepted. 1882. At the Anniversary meeting the Committee, upon the communication from the Massachusetts Society, made the following report : The Committee, to whom was referred the communication from the Standing Committee of the Massachusetts Society of the Cincinnati, to the New York State Society for its information, having held the same under consideration, respectfully report the following facts, and their conclusions therefrom : Ensign Frederick Frye was an original member of the Massachusetts State Society, and died a member thereof. In the year 1836 his son Daniel M Frye, then a resident of the State of New York, was, on application, admitted a member of the Cincinnati by the New York State Society, upon the condition of his paying into the funds of the Society, one month s pay upon the rank held by his father in the Continental army, previous to its dissolution." He died in the year 1859, leaving unperformed the condition on which his membership depended. His son, Frederick Frye, also a resident of the State of New York, was admitted to membership by the New York State Society in 1859. He removed shortly thereafter to Louisiana, of which State he was a resident for many years prior to his death, which occurred in New Qrleans, 22nd June, 1881. His widow, Matilda B. Frye, then and still a resident of Louisiana, applied for aid to the New York Society, and was advised, that as no contribution to the funds of the New York Society had ever been made by her husband, or by his ancestors, her application could not be allowed by that Society. She thereupon addressed her application to the Massachusetts Society, to which it is understood that Ensign Frye contributed his " one month s pay" at the time of the organization of the Cincinnati, and which Society has enjoyed the use of that contribution for nearly one hundred years. The Massachusetts Society rejected her petition; first, by reason of a local regulation, and secondly, that as the widow of Frederick Frye, she had no claim upon that Society. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 141 Your Committee might justly rest a recommendation that the request of Mrs. Frye be not granted by this Society, on the ground that Daniel M. Frye did not during his lifetime comply with the condition attached to, and which qualified his membership. It is true that technically the condition did not affect the tenure of Frederick Frye who succeeded him. But your Committee are of the opinion that the consequences of a pecuniary condition imposed and disregarded, should operate adversely to a petition for pecuniary relief, by the successor of the delinquent. Your Committee, however, are not disposed to place their opinion on this single ground, but proceed to the consideration of the subject proposed and discussed in the communication sub mitted to this Society for its information, by the Standing Committee of the Massachusetts Society. The postulate of the proposition submitted by the Massachusetts Society, " that no one can be a member of two sister Societies of the Cincinnati at the same time," is regarded by your Committee as untenable. The Society of the Cincinnati is one. Its unity is as indestructible as its principles. The division into State Societies is a peculiar economy of its government, which, avowedly to facilitate communication, delegates to each State a fractional representation of the whole. Upon admission to membership by a State Society, the candidate does not thereby become a member of the State Society, but of the ONE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. Thenceforth he is a member of the Society of the Cincinnati, and his residence determines in the proceedings of which of its Chapters he is entitled to participate. Had Frederick Frye, having been admitted in the State of New York, removed to the State of Massachusetts, it is not supposed that his prescribed access to the Society in Massachusetts would have disturbed his rights as a member of the Cincinnati. The Institution of the Society declares that "the State Societies will consist of all the members resident in each State respectively; and any member removing from one State to another is to be considered in all respects as belonging to the Society of the State in which he shall actually reside" a provision qualified by the right of each " State Society to regulate every thing respecting itself consistent with the general maxims of the Cincinnati," in virtue of which the State Societies have prescribed rules regulating the enrollment among their members of those removing among them from another State Society. It remains to enquire whether Frederick Frye having been admitted a member of the Cin cinnati in the State of New York, and having removed from the State of New York and become a resident of Louisiana, where he died, and where his widow continues to reside the application of his widow for relief is properly addressed to the Society in the State of Massachusetts, in whose treasury the contribution of " one month s pay " of Frederick Frye s ancestor, was deposited and remains. In the third order of the fundamental principles to which was committed the perpetuity of the Society, is enumerated the continuance among its members of progressive generations, of the cordial affection which subsisted among its founders. The confident expectation that from this source would flow " the most substantial acts of beneficence, according to the ability of the Society, toward those officers and their families who, unfortunately, might be under the necessity of receiving it," is particularly sanctioned by the Institution. It is noteworthy also, that this expectation comprehended a dispensation of the same measure of relief to the unfortunate mem bers of the Cincinnati of successive generations and their families. The efficacy of the obligation was not entrusted to its annunciation alone. Not only the source of supply to these anticipated requisitions upon the benevolence of the Society, but the mode of their inception and acquittal is fairly indicated in the fundamental Charter. To those officers only, of the American Army, was accorded the right of becoming parties to the Institution, who both signed their names to the general rules of the Society in the State where they resided, and subscribed one month s pay to its funds. That the sums subscribed might be available for their purpose, they were directed to be delivered to the Treasurer of the State Society in perpetuity. The expected respectable pro portions of their aggregate, warranting the belief that its interest would be adequate to the relief of the unfortunate, its interest only was appropriated to that object. Thus the sum delivered into the Treasury of each State Society by the original members of the Society of the Cincinnati constituted a fund ordained inviolate to the use of that State Society forever, the interest of which was to be appropriated to the relief of those who contributed thereto, or their unfortunate representatives. Though the obligation of relief is, as we have seen, a general obligation of the Society, yet the eleemosynary fund of each State Society having been raised by its original mem- 142 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. bers, and appropriated to the exclusive use of that Society forever, the omission of the Society would be presently revealed, which should fail to use it for the purpose to which the Institution devotes it. Its use is appointed to the relief of the original members who contributed to the fund, and their families, and of those and the families of those who become members in the right of the original members. In the opinion of your Committee, a claim for relief is rightly and equitably addressed to that State Society which holds the contribution to the Society s fund, made by the original member in succession to whom the claimant appeals. The right of relief to the original member inheres in the fund raised by his month s pay. Unless subscribed, he had not become a party to the Institution. Its delivery therefore was the essential consideration in which his rights under it were conveyed to him ; and first among those rights is the right to partake, in misfortune, of the fund in which his " one month s pay " the token of his patriotic personal exposure is embedded. That his descendant admitted in the right succeeds to the rights to the original member is obvious enough. If, therefore, it is impossible to withstand the right of the original member to relief from the fund of which his " one month s pay " is a part, it is also impossible to withhold it from the descendant, admitted in the right of his ancestor to the benefits he enjoyed. It being self-evident that the right of a member to relief from a particular State fund, imposes a corresponding obligation on the State Society to render it, the question whether the removal of the member to another State, discharges the State Society of its obligation, is answered by the conclusion hereinbefore reached, that the essential rights of the member, and consequently the obligation of the Society, remain unaffected and unchanged by his removal. The consequences of an opposite conclusion might embrace the spectacle of a State Society, beyond whose limits its members shall have removed, in the possession of a constantly accumu lating, but derelict fund, and of a State Society with a fund oppressed by the relief of migratory members, inadequate to the wants of its unfortunate hereditary members and their families. For these reasons, your Committee are of the opinion, and so report, that Matilda B. Frye, the surviving widow of Frederick Frye, at his death a member of the Society of the Cincinnati, in the right of his grandfather Frederick Frye, one of the original members of the Society in the State of Massachusetts, is not entitled to relief from the funds of the Society in the State of New York, and that her petition for relief was properly addressed to the Massachusetts Society. JOHN COCHRANE, JOHN SCHUYLER, Committee. Your Committee submit as part of their report the following resolutions : Resolved, That in the opinion of this Society, the adoption of the following regulation (substantially one of its own by-laws), would bring the different State Societies at this point into harmony with each other and with the spirit and requirements of the Institution, viz. : The fund of this State Society, having been contributed by its members at its formation, is held for the relief of the hereditary members thereof and their families who may be in need of such relief, and therefore cannot be appropriated to the relief of those whose ancestors were not original members of this State Society : Provided, that the members admitted to the Society in the right of an original member of any of the State Societies that have been dissolved, and the members admitted in the right of an original member of any State Society, who shall have paid, as a condition of their membership, into the Treasury of the Society, such sum as the State Society may from time to time establish, shall have the same claim on the fund of the Society, as if the original members in whose right they were admitted had contributed their month s pay thereto. Resolved, That the report be adopted, and that a printed copy thereof be respectfully trans mitted to the Massachusetts Society, and to each of the other State Societies of the Cincinnati, for their consideration. On motion, a Committee consisting of the President, Mr. Fish, General John Cochrane, Pierre Van Cortlandt, Alexander Hamilton, and John Schuyler (the Secretary,} was appointed to make arrangements for the celebration of the Centennial of the Society in May next. * * Mr John Cropper was appointed one of this Committee, but declined to serve on account of his going abroad. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 143 1883. GENERAL ORDER, New York, xoth February, 1883. The Centennial dinner of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati, celebrating the 1 5 ist Anniversary of the birthday of General Washington, will be held at Delmonico s (sth Avenue), on Thursday, February 22, at 7 o clock i>. M." X JOHN SCHUYLER (Secretary). HAMILTON FISH (President}. At the meeting of the Standing Committee, May ad, the Secretary read the following communication from the Committee on the celebration of the Evacu ation of the City of New York by the British : ROOMS OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, Qth March, 1883. The Honorable HAMILTON FISH, President. SIR: I have the honor to inform you that at a meeting of the Committee of Fifteen, delegated by the General Committee of the Common Council of this City, the Chamber of Commerce and the New York Historical Society, it was unanimously resolved to invite the New York Society of the Order of the Cincinnati, to participate in the Centennial celebration of the Evacuation of this City by the British, and to extend honorary membership upon the Committee of Fifteen to such five of your members as your Society may delegate. Respectfully yours, JOHN AUSTIN STEVENS (Secretary). JOHN COCHRANE (Chairman}. In accordance with the above the President delegated the following mem bers : Mr. Schuyler (Chairmaii), Mr. Crosby, Mr. Keese, Mr. Clinton, and Mr. Clarkson to represent the Society. The Secretary, at the Anniversary meeting, read a communication from the Committee of the Centennial commemoration of the announcement of peace, and the disbandment of the Army of the Revolution, which he had received on June loth, and in accordance with which the following was issued : GENERAL ORDER, June 18, 1883. Members of the Cincinnati are invited to attend the Centennial commemoration of the announcement of peace, and the disbandment of the Army of the Revolution, to be held at the Camp Ground, New Windsor, on the 22d of June, 1883. The Albany steamboat touches at the foot of West 22d Street, at 9 A. M., for Newburgh. JOHN SCHUYLER (Secretary). HAMILTON FISH (President). The Special Committee appointed under the resolution adopted at the Anniversary meeting of the Society, on the 4th July, 1882, to take charge of the Centennial , Celebration of the Society, reported as follows : * In the absence of the President, the banquet was presided over by the Secretary \ Mr. John Schuyler. 144 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. That one of the Committee being absent in Europe, no definite action was taken until the meeting of the Standing Committee, May 2d, 1883, when the Committee was organized, and an appropriation of 250 dollars made for the expenses. As the I3th of May, the day on which the Institution was adopted, fell on Sunday, Monday the I4th of May, was fixed as the day for the excursion to Baron Steuben s Headquarters, to celebrate the formation of the Society. The General Society having decided not to commemorate the centennial, otherwise than by striking a medal, it was deemed proper to extend no invitations formally to our sister State Societies, but to treat the occasion according to the fact, as a celebration by the New York State Society only. In conformity with the usual practice of the Society, members of other State Societies, in the City of New York, were cordially invited to attend, by publication of the follow ing notice and invitation in the daily papers, several days before the celebration: The New York State Society of the Cincinnati, loth May, 1883. In pursuance of a resolution adopted by the New York State Society of the Cincinnati, an excursion will be made to the Cantonments of the Revolutionary army, near New Windsor, to commemorate the formation of the Society, in May, 1783. The steamboat Chester A. Arthur will leave from Governor s Island ferry house, Battery, foot of White hall Street, N. Y. City, on Monday, i4th May, 1883, at 9 o clock A. M., and will touch at the dock, foot of West 2zd Street, at about 9.30, en route for West Point, Washington s Headquarters at Newburgh, and General Baron Steuben s Headquarters at Fishkill. Members of the other State Societies in the city are cordially invited to be present on this occasion, wearing their badges as members. ALEXANDER HAMILTON, JOHN COCHKANE, PIERRE VAN CORTLANDT, JOHN SCHUYLER (Committee). Immediately after the 2d of May, the Committee took measures to secure a steamboat, when through the kindness of General Hancock and the Deputy Quarter-Master General, Colonel Hodges, the Government boat Chester A. Arthur was placed at the disposal of the Committee. It was thought proper to make use of this occasion to do special honor to the officers of the Army and Navy of the United States, and invitations we re sent to them accordingly. General Hancock, from recent domestic afflictions, was unable to attend, but Lieutenant Barber, his Adjutant, with several distinguished officers from Governor s Island and the Army Post in New York City, were present. The Navy was represented by Admiral Nicholson, Commodores Upshur and Kane, Lieutenant Arnold and others. Members of the other State Societies were among the guests. To our great regret, the President of our Society, from lameness caused by an accident, was unable to be present, but our venerable Vice-President, William S. Popham, was on board, to the satisfaction of all. The steamboat, with the military band from Fort Hamilton, left New York about nine and a half o clock, and touching at West Point, the party was joined by about twenty officers from that Post, including Lieutenant Hoyle, the Adjutant to represent General Merritt, the Superintendent, who was detained by his official duties. After leaving West Point, a collation was served (by Delmonico), and at its close the memory of Washington was given as usual, standing and in silence. As the steamboat passed Newburgh, a salute of thirteen guns was fired from Washington s Headquarters, and flags were displayed throughout the town. The steamboat anchored off the dock, at the foot of the lawn of the Verplanck homestead, and the members and their guests landed in rowboats. They were met on the landing, and most kindly received by Messrs. Verplanck and their friends, and escorted to the house, where the ladies of the family gave them a cordial welcome. A collation was served, and at its close, the members of the Verplanck family, the members of the Society and their guests assembled in the large hall where the Society was formed. Here the principles that form the basis of the Society were read from the Institution, and a few words were said expressing the Society s gratification that they were permitted to meet in a spot hallowed to them by the dearest memories, and then, with many adieus, the members and their guests returned to the shore and went on board again. Unfortunately, head tides and the unavoidable delays of landing in small boats had brought the party to a late hour in the after noon, and the Committee were reluctantly compelled to disappoint the citizens of Newburgh, and omit a part of the proceedings as advertized, by giving up the visit to Washington s Headquarters. A heavy storm that was coming up contributed to this determination. The steamboat proceeded on its way to New York, after landing the officers from West Point, reaching the city between ten and eleven o clock. And so, this memorable day ended, without an accident to mar in the slightest degree its enjoyment. If, as Dr. Johnson said in THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 145 that well-known passage" That man is little to be envied whose patriotism would not gain force upon the plain of Marathon " what ought to have been what were our feelings the representatives and descendants, in visiting the spot, the birthplace of our Society, where, one hundred years ago, the officers of the Revolutionary Army, as true patriots as ever honored humanity, founded an Association based upon liberty, union, friendship and charity, as the closing act of eight years of unequalled fortitude and devotion. Everything served to heighten these feelings the venerable house built in 1730, with its ample hall, oaken floors, paneled walls, generous wood fires, much as they were in 1783 the old ante-revolutionary trees surrounding it the presence of the noted family, owners of the land from the I7th century to the present time and, above all, the endearing Revolutionary memories, more than sufficient to rouse us from that " frigid indifference," to which Dr. Johnson refers with contempt in the passage alluded to. What wonder if moistened eyes and a quiet but deep interest pervaded the party assembled in that old hall, as we read from the Institution those principles, simple, but earnest, in which, under the pledge to each other of their sacred honor, our Fathers declared their unalterable devotion to liberty, union, brotherly kindness and charity, in that very spot. In the providence of God, it shall, as we trust, be permitted to our successors to celebrate at the end of another century the formation of the Society. This brief record will at least show them that in our day we were not unmindful of what was due to the memory of the Founders. New York, 4th July, 1883. ALEXANDER HAMILTON (Chairman). At a special meeting of the Society held on 2oth November, to take measures for participation in the celebration of the coming Evacuation day, the President (Mr. Fish) submitted the following invitation : NEW YORK, i6th November, 1883. The Honorable HAMILTON FISH (President). The Joint Committee of the Common Council, the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York and the New York Historical Society, charged with the celebration of the one hun dredth Anniversary of the Evacuation of the City of New York by the British in 1783, appointed for Monday, the 26th inst. , respectfully invite the presence of your honorable Society at the ceremonies arranged for the occasion. With great regard, your obedient servant, by order, JOHN AUSTIN STEVENS (Secretary). JOHN COCHRANE (Chairman). At a meeting of the Standing Committee held on the i4th December, the Committee, on securing in the gallery of the N. Y. Historical Society a place for the safe keeping of the oil painting of Lieutenant Abijah Hammond, recently presented to this Society by his son, made the following : Report, That they had visited the Historical Society and conferred with the Committee on Literature and Art, in relation to depositing the oil picture of Lieutenant Hammond for safe keeping in their gallery, with the one of the Sergeant-at-Arms Bryan Rossiter which had been painted and presented to the Society on the 4th July. 1828, by Colonel John Trumbull, and which had been deposited there several years ago for the same reason. The Committee objected to taking Lieutenant Hammond s portrait on account of its frame not being sufficiently ornamental, or of a suitable modern design to warrant their receiving it, and therefore declined its presentation. WILLIAM H. CROSBY, Chairman. The Secretary having stated that he had received several communications from General Palfrey in regard to the Centennial Medal, the Society ordered the following notice to be sent to each of its members : 146 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. In accordance with a resolution passed by the Standing Committee of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati, the Secretary was instructed to notify each member of the Society that the Centennial Medal authorized by the General Society at its last meeting at Charleston, S. C., is now ready, and will be sent to those members ordering the same, by addressing a communication to that effect to General Francis W. Palfrey, Secretary of the Massachusetts State Society, No. 33 Equitable Building, Boston, Mass., stating the metal of which they desire to have their badge, enclosing the amount, and address to which they desire them sent. The price of the medal in gold will be $20 ; in silver, $2 ; and in bronze, $1.30. Respectfully, &c. , JOHN SCIIUYLER, Secretary. NEW YORK, Jan. isth, 1884. N. Y. STATE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. On the 1 8th October the City of Newburgh held a Centennial Celebration. The invitations thereto having been sent by their Committee of Arrangements to the members of the Cincinnati individually, no general order was issued to attend. Many of the members endeavored to do so, but from the inefficiency of the Grand Marshal or the Committee of Arrangements in preserving order, it was impossible to gain admittance to the grand stand. 1884. At the Anniversary meeting the Committee on the Centennial of the Evacua tion of the City of New York, respectfully Report, That in conformity with the resolution passed by the Society at the Special Meeting of November 2Oth. last, all the members of this Society, as well as those of the other State Societies, Were notified, and that the Order of the Cincinnati at the grand stand at Madison Square, notwithstanding the inclemency of the weather, was represented by the President-General in person and a full delegation from the several State Societies. ALEXANDER. J. CLINTON, Chairman. 1885. At the Standing Committee meeting, held on the i2th May, Mr. Fish stated that he had received a bronze medal from the Committee to commemorate the Centennial Celebration of the Evacuation of New York by the British, and the erection of the Statue of WASHINGTON in Wall Street, together with a letter presenting the same to the Society.* GENERAL ORDER. Members of the Cincinnati Society are requested to attend the funeral of our Vice-President, William S. Popham, from his late residence at Scarsdale, Westchester County, N. Y., on Satur day, June 2Oth. Carriages will be in readiness at the Scarsdale Station upon the arrival of the half-past two p. M. Harlem Railroad train from the Grand Central Depot. The usual badge of mourning will be worn for thirty days. JOHN SCHUYLER, Secretary. HAMILTON FISH, President. At the 4th of July Anniversary Meeting a committee was appointed to pre pare appropriate resolutions, to be forwarded to the other State Societies and to Mr. Popham s family. * The medal was struck by the American Numismatic and Archa;ological Society. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 147 GENERAL ORDER, August 8th. The New York State Society of the Cincinnati join in the universal grief occasioned by the death of their fellow member General ULYSSES S. GRANT.* They appreciate that a great and good man has departed, and will take part in the demonstration of honor to be paid to his memory. The Society will, therefore, assemble on the morning of the funeral, at old Delmonico s, corner of Beaver and South William Streets, at 9 o clock, wearing the usual badge of mourning. Members of the other State Societies, in town, are invited to attend and report to the Secre tary or Aide in charge. JOHN SCHUYLER, HAMILTON FISH (President-General). Secretary and Aide to General Hancock. 1886 GENERAL ORDER, February loth. The Society of the Cincinnati has to lament the death of Major-General WINFIELD SCOTT HANCOCK, f an honorary member of the Society. A soldier of the highest order, a citizen of pure life, a friend of all that was lofty, he is called suddenly from his high position of usefulness. Members are requested to wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days. JOHN SCHUYLER (Secretary). HAMILTON FISH (President). At the meeting held at Delmonico s on the 22<3 of February, to celebrate the i54th anniversary of the birthday of the Society s first President-General, His Excellency General WASHINGTON, it was on motion of General John Cochrane Resolved That it is with painful emotions we record the loss our Society has sustained in the decease of its late distinguished member, our honored associate and friend, the Honorable WILMOT GIBBES DE SAUSSURE, of South Carolina. Known to us all as a chivalrous gentleman, the story of his life narrates the history of an accomplished scholar. We sympathize with our sister State Society of South Carolina in the deprivation of their President, and with his surviving family in their irreparable bereavement. * General Grant died on the 23d July, 1885. t General Hancock died on the gth February, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES MEMBERS NEW YORK STATE SOCIETY CINCINNATI. JONAS ADDOMS Lieutenant New York Artillery. Born in New Jersey. Died i6th of July, 1837. Aged 85. He came early into New York, became an Associate)- for Independence in 1775, an d joined as a private a uniformed company in New York, when the " Asia " opened fire upon the city, destroying a part of it west of Broad way. Was attached to the corps of five months men thrown upon Long Island, and served at the Narrows when Lord Howe s fleet landed the British Army at New Utrecht. He then returned to New Jersey with a company of militia, and was its acting Quartermaster when it joined General Washington at the Battle of Germantown, arriving, after a night s march, in front of the British line in season to aid in driving it back. He was afterwards detailed as Assistant to Colonel Timothy Pickering, Quartermaster-General, from ist of October, 1780. Meanwhile he had served at White Plains, and in the struggle to check the advance in Westchester, after the Battle of Long Island. In August, 1781, he was appointed by Governor Clinton in the "New Levies," and commissioned by Congress, January 29th, 1782, as Second Lieutenant of the 2d Regiment of Continental Artillery Colonel John Lamb with rank from 2oth of August. In regimental orders, 2ist of December, 1781, on the special recommendation of Colonel Richard Platt, he was assigned to Captain George Fleming s company of that regiment, and served with it through many engagements to the close of the war. Lieutenant Addoms had the privilege of marching into New York after its evacuation on the 25th of November, 1783, with the main army, and to be stationed with his battery in the old Fort in the City Park still known by that name. After the termination of the war, ist of January, 1784, he was mustered out, with part of his regiment, with an honorable discharge. He subsequently located at Philadelphia, and later at Boston ; but after three years returned to New York, being appointed by Colonel Lamb, his old commander then Collector of the Port first as Weigher and then as Public Storekeeper, and remained attached to the service of the Customs, through all political changes, for thirty-three years, until he retired to pass the evening of 152 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. his life in domestic quiet, esteemed as a brave man, and a vigilant public servant. His name appears on the roll of officers entitled to Half-Pay.* CHARLES ADDOMS, his eldest son, succeeded him in the Society in 1843. He died in 1881, leaving issue a daughter. ROGER ALDEN Staff rank of Major and Aide-de- Camp. Born in Lebanon, Conn., in 1748, graduated at Yale College in 1773, and died at West Point on the 5th of November, 1836. Was appointed Captain Lieutenant in the 2d Connecticut Regiment Colonel Zebulon Butler ist of June, 1778. That regiment, commanded by a soldier of the French war, who was in the expedition to Havana, afforded Lieutenant Alden very soon a baptism of fire in the terrors of the Wyoming massacre, on the 3d of July following, where Colonel Zebulon Butler, with a thin regiment and a weak garrison, bravely ventured to attempt to surprise Colonel John Butler, an enter prising Tory officer born like himself in Connecticut who had invaded the valley with double his force. He was defeated with the loss of half his men, two hundred and fifty of whose scalps were the trophies of his savage oppo nent ; and the attendant ravages have never been forgotten. Soon after this demoralization of his command he left it, on the selection of Major-General Greene, to serve as his Aide-de-Camp. By a resolution of the Connecticut State Society of the Cincinnati, 5th of July, 1783, he was admitted a member, signed the roll, and contributed a month s pay. He subsequently and fortunately, as it proved, affiliated with the New York Society in 1793, and served as a member of its Standing Committee. He resided at Meadville, Pa., from 1795 to 1825 as agent of the Holland Land Company, and was Ordinance Store- Keeper at West Point from 2oth of January, 1825, until his death. ROBERT PERCY ALDEN, his grandson, and son of the late Captain Bradford Ripley Alden of the United States Navy, was admitted to the New York State Society on the 4th of July, 1883, in his right. ^/ * This question was long discussed in Congress, and finally arranged May i.sth, 1778. The Committee first reported in favor of its continuance for the lives of officers, and of the widows of those killed in service, and finally enacted that "All military officers commissioned by Congress who should continue in service during the war, and not hold any office of profit in the States, should be entitled to receive annually, after the conclusion of the war, one-half of their present pay, for the term of seven years, provided that no general officer, of the artillery, cavalry or infantry, should receive more than the half-pay of a Colonel, and that this gratuity should extend to no officer who should not take an oath of allegiance to the United States, and actually reside within the same." The non-commissioned officers and soldiers serving for that term, instead of half-pay, were entitled to receive a specific reward of eighty dollars at the end of the war. There were but two dissenting votes. The law was several times subsequently amended, mainly by extensions of its application to special cases. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 153 PETER ANSPACH Lieutenant New York Artillery. He served as an Assistant to Colonel Timothy Pickering, from ist of Octo ber, 1780, until appointed a Second Lieutenant in the 2d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s 2ist of December, 1781, having acted with that rank in Captain Moodie s Company from the preceding 3oth of August. He was next assigned to duty as Assistant Quartermaster in the main Army, and after the discharge of the Continental troops at West Point, excepting the Battalion of Artillery and a Regiment of Infantry, was, on the ist of January, 1784, ordered to Philadelphia to settle his own accounts, and to assist in arranging those of the Quartermaster s Department. Was honorably discharged on the ist of June, 1784, and appears on the roll of officers entitled to half-pay after the Peace. EDWARD ANTILL Lieutenant-Colonel 2d Canada Regiment. Born on the nth April, 1742, at Piscataway, N. J. Died at St. Johns, Canada, in 1787. He graduated at King s College, New York, in the Class of 1762. Was a member of a prominent family of New Jersey. In 1766 he settled in Quebec as a lawyer, where he married Charlotte Rievrier. When General Montgomery appeared before Quebec in December, 1775, he left that city, and joining him, influenced him to change his plan of attack. He became his Chief-Engineer, constructing field works of ice, where earth was inaccessible, and was present with him when he fell. When leaving the camp at Lachine on the 5th of January, five days afterwards, he wrote to Colonel Burr : " DEAR BURR : I have desired Mr. Price to deliver you my pistols, which you will keep until I see you. They are relics from my father s family, and therefore I cannot give them to you. The General Wooster has thought proper to send me to the Congress, where I shall have an opportunity of speaking of you as you deserve Yours, EDWARD ANTILL." In 1776, when Congress formed the 2d Canadian Regiment mainly of exiles, Colonel Moses Hazen, a British half-pay officer in easy circumstances, residing at St. Johns, and who had already cast his fortunes with Montgomery, and followed the remainder of the American forces over the frontier, was chosen its Colonel, and Edward Antill Lieutenant-Colonel. It was even then a 154 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. strong regiment seven hundred and twenty men but Congress appears to have valued it in ordering it to be recruited in any of the States to four battal ions of five companies each, with four Majors and other officers in proportion. Sixteen companies, however, appear to have been the fullest complement of what was known as u Congress Own." It had evacuated Canada, under General Sullivan, and therefore continued in his Brigade, which served with the main army at Trenton and Princeton, and later, in protecting the lines at Morristown. On the 8th of January, 1777, General Washington wrote him from his headquarters there a letter suggestive of coming action : " Call upon all your officers who are upon recruiting service to exert themselves as much as possible in filling their companies and sending their recruits forward to some general place of rendezvous, that they may be armed, equipped and got into service, with as much expedition as possible. As you and Colond Hazen had the nomination of your own officers by virtue of your commissions, I shall have no objection to any gentleman of good character whom you may think fit to appoint." On the 24th of February following, Richard Peters, Secretary of War, urges, in a letter, upon Colonel Antill, then commanding the regiment, the necessity, from impending events, of promptness in hurrying his companies forward to unite in meeting the enemy. In complying, the regiment was soon actively engaged under Sullivan, and when he attacked the rear of Howe s army on Staten Island consisting of three thousand British and loyalists with eight hundred men, on the 226. of June, after partial success succumbed to the vigorous resistance, he became a prisoner, thereby losing his opportunity of being present at Brandywine, Germantown, and in much important service with his regiment. He was not exchanged until November joth, 1780, and only then through the influence of his brother, Major John Antill, who, differing in sentiment, adhered to the Crown. Rejoining his regiment at Fishkill, he soon afterwards assisted in beating up the quarters of Colonel James de Lancey at Morrisania, for which he earned the thanks of Washington, in general orders. In August he marched to Philadelphia, joining Colonel Olney s Rhode Islanders, and proceeding by the Chesapeake and James River to Yorktown and the surrender of Cornwallis. Although he had asked Congress to be relieved from service in an earlier period of inactivity, he continued therein until the disbanding of his regiment in November; 1783. Not found on the Half- Pay Roll, he appears on the Balloting Book of New York in the list of Canadian and Nova Scotia refugees, who had united with the Americans, to whom lands were granted by the State under the direction of its commissioners. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 155 The following letter, preserved among the Society s archives, is of in terest : " COLDENHAM, July 7th, 1783, MY DEAR FRIEND, 6 o clock. Retired from the din of arms and a military life clothed with laurels, and the thanks of a most grate ful country , all my pay and arrears of pay paid up to this day in solid gold, and a pension of half pay for Life, I now amuse myself with my Dog and my Gun. I send the bearer on a little business to General Knox, and at the same time after enquiring after the health of your good little woman, in which Mrs. Antill joins me, I beg the favor of you to fill my powder horn with the best powder you have. If the U. S. insists upon it, I will deduct it out of the Guineas I received from them when we were disbanded. Compliments to your good Family and all Friends. Major S. BAUMAN Yours Sincerely West Point per Express. EDW^ ANTILL." His wife resided in New York during the war, died there on the 3d of September, 1785, and was buried in St. Paul s Churchyard. Colonel Antill returned to his old home at St. Johns, and also died soon after. His eldest daughter, Nannette, married Colonel Garrit G. Lansing, of Albany, and his youngest, Frances, became the wife of Arthur Tappan, Esq. It will be seen by " Whiting s Revolutionary Orders of Washington " that his useful life was not free from one of those Courts of Inquiry that attend such men as venture upon authority, and that after an impartial investigation he was honorably acquitted. He subscribed his name to the Institution of the Cincinnati with the officers of his regiment on the Parchment Roll, with Washington at its head, now in the possession of the General Society. AARON AORSON Captain \st New York Regiment. Was appointed First Lieutenant of the ist Regiment New York Continental Infantry Colonel Alexander McDougall on the 28th June, 1775, and served with his regiment in Canada and before Quebec until honorably discharged on the 1 5th of April, 1776. He was with Captain Cheeseman when that officer fell with General Montgomery at the gate. On the ensuing 26th of June he was appointed by Congress First Lieutenant of the 5th Regiment Colonel Lewis Du Bois. The following communication, preserved in the State Records, shows the result of the changes made by that officer on his rapid advancement to com mand : 156 THE SOCIETY OK THE CINCINNATI. " GENTLEMEN, We the Subscribers do hereby resign the appointments we held in the Regiment lately ordered to be raised and Commanded by Lewis Du Bois Esq. , for the following reasons : First, We have been ungenerously superseded, which the old arrangement of officers made by the Provincial Congress will fully show, for we assert that the youngest Lieutenant in the 3d Regi ment to which Mr. Du Bois belonged, is appointed a Captain over the heads of First Lieutenants of the ist and other Regiments. Likewise that Sergeants and Corporals, who went out in Said 3d Regiment, have surperseded officers who bore commissions in the last campaign. New York July 8th 1776 AARON AORSON Lieut. To the Honorable, the JONATHAN PEARSE Lieut. RICHARD PLATT Lieut. DANL. GANG Lieut. Provincial Congress. GARRET H. VAN WAGENER." On the 2 ist of November, 1776, Lieutenant Aorson was appointed Captain of the Fifth Company of the 3d Regiment Colonel Peter Gansevoort on its reorganization for the war. On the 28th of October, 1776, Captain Richard Varick had recommended him on a list with some others of his regiment as "esteemed a very good officer ." He was transferred to the ist New York on the consolidation of its line, ist January, 1781, and served as Brigade-Major in that year and until peace was consummated. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll with the rank of Captain. JOSIAH BAGLEY Lieutenant \st New York Regiment. Appointed Ensign of Captain Tiebout s Company of the 3d New York Con tinental Infantry Colonel Gansevoort 2oth of December, 1776, to rank from 2 ist of November. Subsequently assigned to Captain Jansen s Company, and appoined Second Lieutenant of it on the 7th of January, 1780. Was retained with that rank in the ist New York Continental Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s on the consolidation of the New York Line. Colonel Gansevoort s letter to Governor Clinton, dated from Camp Orange Town the i6th of August, 1780, and published in the State Records, displays his interest in this young officer. After expressing his opinion in another case, that a promotion should only take place on a vacancy, he says : " Should the Council of appointment be influenced by our opinion, and adopt it as a rule for future promotions, beginning with Mr. Glenny, we should recommend it to them to attend to Mr. Bagley s appointment, who is in the same predicament with Mr. Glenny, and date his pro motion on the 3ist day of March, 1780, the day of Mr. Spoor s dismission from service." He was honorably discharged the service on the 3d of November, 1783. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 157 JOHN BARD JR Captain 2d Georgia Regiment. Born July, 1739. Died unmarried in December, 1803. He became an Associator for Independence in 1775 at Rhinebeck, Dutchess County. Was the son of Peter Bard, Commissary- General of the Province of Pennsylvania, and Mary de Normandie, and both cousin and brother-in-law to the celebrated Dr. Samuel Bard, whose father, Dr. John Bard, had early settled at Hyde Park on the Hudson River. Appointed Captain in the 2d Regiment of the Georgia Continental Infantry Colonel Samuel Elbert in November, 1776. He served on the expedition against East Florida in May, 1777, and at the capture of Fort Oglethorpe, Frederica, on the rgth April, 1778. Was actively engaged in that year in the vicinity of Savannah, participating in its defence when attacked by Lieu tenant-Colonel Sir Archibald Campbell, on the 2pth December, 1778. He was taken prisoner in the action at Brier Creek, Ga , between General John Ashe and General Augustine Prevost, on the 3d of March, 1779. Taken as a prisoner to New York in 1779, ne remained there on parole, until exchanged on the 25th of October, 1780. Honorably discharged the service on the ist of January, 1781. His name appears on the Half -Pay Roll. SEBASTIAN BAUMAN Major New York Artillery. Born at Frankfort-on-the-Main, in Germany, on the 6th of April, 1739, and died in New York City on the igth of October, 1803. He was educated as an Engineer and Artillerist in the Austrian service, becoming a strict disciplinarian. It is claimed by his family that his father, residing in the castle where Maria Theresa held her Court when at Frankfort, was associated with her household. He fled to America in consequence of a duel, and said to his mother a Spanish lady at parting : " You will hear from me, and I will do honor to my name in the new country to which I go." His wife, Ann Wetzell, was the granddaughter of Dr. Ernest, of Manheim, a martyr of the Reformed religion at the stake. In May, 1775, he was appointed Captain of a militia company in New York known as the " German Fusileers," which volunteered, on the i4th of September, in a regiment of Minute Men, known on the Continental establishment as the ist Regiment of 158 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. New York Volunteers Colonel John Lasher of which, on the 2ist, he was acting as Major. On the 3oth of March, 1776, he was appointed in the perma nent Continental service Captain of a company of New York Artillery, and attached to Colonel Henry Knox s Regiment on the i9th of April following. He was, on the ist of January, 1777, transferred to the 2d Regiment Conti nental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s and promoted to Major on the i2th of September, 1778. In i78i- 2 he was in command of West Point, at intervals, and selected by Washington, 23d of December, 1783, on the reduction of the army, to command the Battalion of Continental Artillery retained, with which he served until honorably discharged, 2oth of June, 1784. It was during his service at West Point that he prepared the maps of that post for Washington, which Arnold secured, and which were discovered in Andre s boot. These passed from Governor Clinton s possession to that of the State Library, where they still remain in legible condition. He was present at the surrender of Cornwallis, and again made use of his professional skill in preparing, for his own use, a " Map of Siege and Situation of Yorktown" which Washington and other officers requested him to engrave.* Was breveted Lieutenant-Colonel on the i4th of April, 1787. Appointed by Washington as the first Federal Postmaster of New York City in the preceding year, a position which he filled with credit until his decease. He was also Colonel of the State Regiment of Artillery in New York from 1785 until it assisted in depositing his body, wrapped in the American flag, in the Dutch Churchyard at the corner of Nassau and Liberty Streets, which honored land mark, in the city s progress, was recently taken down. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. TJERCK BEEKMAN Lieutenant New York Artillery. Born at Kingston, 3oth of December, 1754; died there on the 25th of December, 1791. Was a lineal descendant of Wilhelmus Beekman, who emigrated from Hol land in 1647, during the administration of Governor Styyvesant, and who, in 1658, held the position of Orphan Master to the Colony equivalent to Surro gate. Lieutenant Beekman was the son of Johannes Beekman and Lydia Van Keuren, and became an Associator for Independence at Kingston, Ulster * It was inserted, by John Austin Stevens, with other interesting details of the victory, in the January, 1880, number of the " Magazine of American History." THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 159 County, his home, in June, 1775. He served as a Sergeant in the Canada Cam paign and before Quebec in the 3d Regiment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel James Clinton. Having been recommended by his brother officers for promotion, in appreciation of his services, he was appointed Ensign in Captain Nicholas Fish s second company of the 2d Regiment, New York Conti nental Infantry Colonel Philip Van Cortlandt on the 2ist of November, 1776, under a commission, in the possession of his family, dated 28th of June, 1779, but taking effect from the ist of September, 1778. Was honorably discharged the service, on the consolidation of the New York Line, ist of January, 1781. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN BEEKMAN WESTBROOK, his great-grandson, was admitted in his right in 1879. WILLIAM BELKNAP* Lieutenant in Colonel James Livingston s Regiment. Born at Charlestown, Mass., on the 2 ist of February, 1751. Was the eldest son of William and Hannah Belknap. Removed to Newburgh, N. Y., at six teen years of age, where he married Martha Carscadden on the 2oth of January, 1785, and died there on the i8th of July, 1831. He was appointed Lieutenant and Quartermaster of the 3d Regiment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel James Clinton in 1775, and served in the Canada Campaign. Was transferred to Colonel John Nicholson s Regiment, Continental Infantry, before Quebec, i5th of April, 1776; and on its discharge, ist of January, 1777, was appointed Ensign of the ist Regiment, Canadian Continental Infantry Colonel James Livingston and promoted to be Lieutenant on the 6th of May, 1778. Upon the reduction and incorporation of his regiment, which was one of the sixteen additional ones temporarily organized, he was honorably discharged the service on the ist of January, 1781. Was in the attack on Quebec 3 ist of December, 1775, and subsequently in the battles of Stillwater on the igth of September, of Saratoga on the 7th of October, at Whitemarsh from the 5th to to the 8th of December, cantoned at Valley Forge from i9th of December, 1777, to i8th of June, 1778, and at the battle of Monmouth, 28th of June, 1778. * An original document in the possession of his great-grandson shows the original form of creating a member ship : " Received in the Manor of Cortlandt, the 8th day of October 1783 of Lieutenant William Belknap, the sum of Twenty six dollar s and two thirds, in a Note, number 623, Signed, John Pierce, Commissioner, the said Belknap being a member of the Honorable Society of the Cincinnati, and the above note being a deposit of a month s pay in consequence of his being a member." Signed, P. CORTLANDT Treasurer. l6o THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. While a Lieutenant in Colonel Livingston s Regiment he was taken by the enemy near New York and sent on board a ship in the harbor, but escaped by jumping overboard at night. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. GEORGE STEWART BELKNAP, his great-grandson, was admitted in 1860. WALTER BICKER Captain in Colonel Pattorfs Regiment. Died on the 6th of April, 1821. A resident of Pennsylvania, he was appointed Lieutenant in the 3d Regi ment, Continental Infantry of that State Colonel John Sheets 8th of January, 1776, and Adjutant on the nth. On the i5th of June following, his regiment marched to New York, and proceeding to Kingsbridge, worked upon the erection of Fort Washington. At the battle of Long Island it had constantly skirmished with the enemy until the final retreat. On the 3ist they marched beyond Kingsbridge, crossed the Bronx River, and moved towards Long Island Sound ; but in a few days were ordered back into garrison at Fort Washington. Here, on the i6th of November, the regiment was captured with the post, and he became a prisoner of war. Upon his exchange he joined Colonel John Patton s additional regiment, Continental Infantry, in which he had been appointed a Captain in January, 1777. Under the Resolution of Congress, on the i3th of January, 1779, consolidating his own with Colonel Thomas Hartley s Regiment, he became supernumerary, and was honorably discharged. He was admitted by the New York State Society to membership in 1802. NICHOLAS BICKER, his son, succeeded him in 1823. HENRY KIERSTED BICKER, his great-grandson, was admitted in 1884. LEONARD BLEECKER Captain i st New York Regiment. Died 1 2th of March, 1844. He was appointed Second Lieutenant of Captain Marinus Willett s company in the ist Regiment New York Continental Infantry Colonel Alexander McDougall 28th of June, 1775. ^ as present at the capture of St. Johns by General Montgomery. Promoted to be Lieutenant in THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. l6l his regiment i4th of May, 1776. Served at the battles of Long Island and Princeton, and was specially recommended by Brigadier-General McDougall for retention on the reorganization of the New York Continental Line for the war. He was accordingly assigned to the 4th Regiment New York Con tinental Infantry Colonel Henry B. Livingston from 2ist of November, 1776. With others, demurring at being placed below juniors in rank, resigned, but was transferred to the 3d Regiment New York Continental Infantry Colonel Gansevoort as reorganized, and on the ist of January, 1777, promoted to be Captain in the same. Ordered to Fort Schuyler, he participated in its defence when invested by St. Leger. In 1779 ne accompanied a detachment under ColonelNzn Schack to destroy the chief town of the Onondagas, which they effected without the loss of a man. In September of the same year he was under the command of General James Clinton at the battle of Newtown, where the Confederacy of the Five Nations was defeated, after a very severe contest. His printed Orderly Book shows that he was an observing as well as an active officer. In the campaign of i^So- Si he served under Lafayette, and in the later year was Brigade-Major to General Hazen s Brigade at the surrender of Yorktown. On the reduction of the army, ist of January, 1781, he was transferred to the ist Regiment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel Van Schaick s com manded the Light Infantry Company, and served as Inspector of that corps until honorably discharged with his regiment, 3d of November, 1783, with the rank of Major (by brevet), dated on the 3oth of September previous. An active and energetic officer, and after devoting the best portion of his life to his country in the field, when peace ensued devoted the remainder to useful and benevolent duties. For many years he was a Me?nber of the Cham ber of Commerce, Vice-P resident of the New York Free School during the Presidency of De Witt Clinton, and Treasurer for eighteen years of this Society. He was of that ancient colonial Dutch family, many of whose descendants lived esteemed and respected. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roil. GEORGE WASHINGTON BLEECKER, his son, was admitted in 1844. JAMES BRADFORD Lieutenant and Adjutant New York Artillery. Killed 4th of November, 1791. Was appointed Muster Master to the Artillery Brigade xath of September, 1778. Captured, he was paroled to Philadelphia, where his family resided, and to negotiate his own exchange, 162 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. which he effected on the i4th of October, 1779. Appointed Second Lieutenant, Captain Mott s Company, 2d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb i2th of September, 1779. When exchanged he joined his company 26th of May, 1780, and was promoted to be its First Lieutenant 24th of June, 1781, and on the same day confirmed by Washington, in General Orders from New Windsor, to be an Aide-de-Camp to Lord Stirling at Albany, too late, how ever, to participate with him in his gallant services on Long Island, at Brandy- wine, Germantown or Monmouth. Rejoining his regiment, he was appointed its Adjutant on the 7th of June, 1783. When the Continental Army was dis banded a garrison was retained at West Point, and pursuant to Washington s orders, 23d of December, 1783, his regiment of infantry and two companies of artillery were continued in service until after ist of January, 1784. On the 2oth of June, 1784, this corps was disbanded, except Captain John Doughty s company, now Battery F, 4th Regiment, U. S. Artillery the only original company now surviving to which Lieutenant Bradford was attached and retained there on duty. On the i2th of April, 1785, this company was recruited and credited to New York s quota of the troops then called for by the Conti nental Congress for frontier service. On the 7th of August, 1786, Lieutenant Bradford was promoted to be its Captain, vice John Doughty created Major- Commandant of the Corps of Artillery. Captain Bradford fell, in St. Glair s disastrous defeat by the Miamis in Kentucky, with a large portion of his command. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. JACOB BRADFORD, his brother, was admitted to the Society in his right in 1803. CALEB BREWSTER Captain- Lieutenant New York Artillery. Died 1 3th of February, 1827. Was a resident of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, where he became an Associator on the 8th of June, [775 ; and at a meeting of the four companies of that town at Coram/on the 27th of March, 1776 he was elected Second Lieutenant of the company, so named under the State organization. On the ensuing 2ist of November he was appointed an Ensign in the second company of the 4th Continental or regular Infantry, dating from the 24th of February 1776, on the recommendation of its Colonel Henry B. Livingston with whom he had served in Canada. Was appointed First Lieutenant 2d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 163 ist of January, 1777, and promoted to be Captain- Lieutenant* on the 230! of June, 1780. Honorably discharged the service, with the majority of his regi ment, 3d of November, 1783. Having been severely wounded in the service, he became a Pensioner under the provisions of the Act of Congress, nth of August, 1790. JAMES BREWSTER Captain-Lieutenant New York Artillery. Was appointed Second Lieutenant, serving in Captain Andrew Moodie s com pany, 2d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s ist of January, 1777. Was promoted to be First Lieutenant 8th of November, 1778, and Captain Lieutenant on the 8th of April, 1782. Honorably discharged the service, with most of his regiment, on the 3d of November, 1783. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. DAVID BROOKS Assistant Clothier General. Born in 1756. Died in Dutchess County on the 30th of August, 1838. In 1776 he was a Lieutenant in Colonel John Shee s 3d Pennsylvania Conti nental Infantry, and was captured at the surrender of Fort Washington on the i6th of November, 1776. Exchanged in 1778, he was assigned to the 3d Penn sylvania Continental Infantry then Colonel Thomas Craig s and appointed Regimental Quartermaster until appointed Assistant Clothier General in the Continental service, in which responsible post he won Washington s confidence. At the close of the war he settled in Dutchess County, and was for six years its Member of the New York Assembly and Representative in Congress. In 1797 he was appointed Commissioner, making the treaty with the Seneca Indians, and subsequently, for sixteen years, Chief - Justice of Dutchess County, and was, at the time of his decease, an Officer of Customs. It is recorded that Colonel Brooks served with merit throughout the war, respected and esteemed for fidelity and rigid devotion to its details as well as for the integrity of his private life. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. * In the Act of Congress for the establishment of the American Army, passed 27th May. 1778, it was provided, " Each of the Field Officers to Command a Company. The Lieutenant of the Colonel s Company to have the rank of Captain Lieutenant." 164 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. JOSEPH BROWN Surgeon yth Pennsylvania Regiment. Was appointed Surgeon of the i3th Regiment Pennsylvania Continental Infantry Colonel Walter Stewart s in June, 1777. Transferred to the 7th Pennsylvania Continental Infantry Colonel William Irvine s ist of July, 1778. On the incorporation of his former regiment with the 2d Regiment, under a resolution of the Executive Council, 3d of April, 1778, he became a super numerary by juniority, and was honorably retired on the ist of January, 1781. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. He was admitted to membership by the New York State Society of the Cin cinnati in 1803. ROBERT BURNET JR Lieutenant of New York Artillery. Born 22d of February, 1762 ; died 2gth of November, 1854. He was the son of James Burnet and grandson of Robert Burnet, the first of the name who settled in Little Britain. Was appointed Lieutenant 2d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s 28th of June, 1781, and was assigned to Captain William Steven s company by Regimental Orders, dated at West Point on the 29th of June. Honorably discharged, with a portion of his regiment, on the ist of January, 1784. Served at the siege of Yorktcwn, and was subsequently in the cantonments on the Hudson and at West Point until the close of the war. He married Rachel, the daughter of Jacob R. De Witt, on the pth of June, 1784. His children were Alexander Clinton, Charles, Jane, Moses De Witt, Mary De Witt, and Robert who died young. He was the last surviving original member of the New^York State Society, dying at Newburgh, N. Y., near the place of the " Cincinnati s " birth. ROBERT BURNET, his grandson, and eldest son of the eldest son Alex ander Clinton Burnet, was admitted in 1886. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 165 AARON BURR Lieutenant-Colonel of Malcoms Regiment. Born on the 6th of February, 1756, at Newark, N. J., in the parsonage of the First Presbyterian Church. Died on the i4th of September, 1836, on Staten Island. He was the son of the Reverend Aaron Burr, the founder and first President of the College of New Jersey, from which he graduated with honors in 1772, and in 1803 the degree of LL.D. was also conferred on him. He entered the Continental Army in July, 1775, as a volunteer, and was stationed for a short time at Winter s Hill, and at Cambridge, near Boston, forming one of that illustrious band who were the first to resist the oppressions of England, and to assert by force of arms the right of the American Colonies to be represented in the British Parliament, or to be exempt from taxes imposed by their authority. In the same year he joined Arnold as a volunteer, and marched with his detachment from Newburyport through the Wilderness to Quebec. In the assault on the 3ist of December, 1775, he was an Aide-de- Camp to General Montgomery when he fell mortally wounded. Major Richard Platt, an eye-witness of the scene, testified that " Burr animated the troops, and made many efforts to lead them on, and stimulated them to enter the lower town." While the Reverend Samuel Spring, Chaplain in Arnold s expedition, describes " Little Burr hastening from the fire of the enemy up to his knees in snow, with Mont gomery s body on his shoulder." General Cullum has recently claimed, in his interesting sketch of that officer, that Burr was, at the time he fell, with Arnold in his attack on the other side of the city, a conclusion which Lossing sustains. Irving, in his " Life of Washington," gives the following : " On the evening of the fifth day Montgomery paid a visit to the Ice Battery. The heavy artillery from the walls had repaid its effectual fire with ample usury ; the brittle ramparts had been shivered like glass, and several of the guns had been rendered useless. Just as the General arrived a shot from the Fortress dismounted one of the guns and disabled many men. A second immediately following was also as destructive. " This is warm \voik, sir, said Montgomery to Captain Lamb. " It is, indeed, and no place for you, sir. " Why so, Captain ! " Because there are enough of us here to be killed without the loss of you, -which -would be irreparable. l66 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. " The General saw the insufficiency of the battery, and on returning gave Lamb permission to leave it whenever he thought proper. The veteran waited until after dark, when, securing all the guns, he abandoned the ruined redoubt. " The General on his visit was attended by Aaron Burr, whom he had appointed as his Aide- de-Camp. Lamb wondered that, he should encumber himself with such a boy. The perfect coolness and self-possession with which the youth mingled in this dangerous scene, and the fire which sparkled in his eye, soon convinced Lamb, according to his own account, that that young volunteer ivas no ordinary man. " After the repulse of the Americans he remained with Arnold as his Brigade- Major until joining the main army at Morristown, N. J., in May, 1776. A short time afterward he became attached to the staff of General Putnam as an Aide-de-Camp, and was with him in the battle of Long Island, and the subse quent retreat. Stone says in his article, " The Language of Flowers " : " When the beautiful and accomplished daughter of Major Moncrieffe, of the British Corps of Engineers, was captured and taken into the family of General Putnam, then commanding at West Point, Burr, who was his Aide and at the same time her admirer, detected her painting and grouping flowers into the positions of the different batteries of that Fortress, to be finally presented to the experienced eye of her father upon her release. " Appointed in July, 1777, Lieutenant-Colonel of Malcom s Regiment one of of the sixteen raised by Congress for the war and which he commanded for nearly two years in the absence of its Colonel. He commanded a Brigade in Lord Stirling s Division, of which his regiment formed a part, in the battle of Monmouth. He was, during the Winter of 1778-9, stationed in Westchester County, N. Y., where he was eminently successful in checking the depredations com mitted by the British Light Horse, under Colonel De Lancey. For a short time he was in command of West Point, and on the roth of March, 1779, resigned his commission in the Army on account of ill health . In April, 1782, he began to practice law at Albany, N. Y., but in 1783 went to New York City, where he was elected a member of the New York Legisla ture in 1784 and 1798. Appointed Attorney-General of New York State 27th of September, 1789. He was appointed 1781 a Commissioner of Revolutionary Claims ; a member of the United States Senate from New York in 1791 and until 1798. The Electoral College, in 1801, cast for Jefferson and Burr each seventy- three votes, and was then referred to the House of Representatives, where, on the thirty-sixth ballot, the choice for President fell to Jefferson and Burr was declared Vice-P resident. In 1 80 1 he was President of the Convention which revised the Constitution of the State of New York. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 167 His duel with Hamilton, on the nth of July, 1804, caused him to leave New York and travel throughout the South, until the opening of Congress, when he resumed his seat as President of the Senate. The next feature in his life, for which he was arrested on the charge of treason, was known as "Burrs Conspiracy." The trial took place at Richmond, Va., in August, 1807, where Washington Irving saw him, and said : He seemed in lower spirits than formerly, but was composed and collected as usual." Mr. Jay has recently told us how the opening of the French Archives by the officers of the Republic has developed the intrigues of their predecessors, and shown how General Wilkinson, being then Governor of the Territory of Louisiana and in the American service, sometimes opposing Burr and at others, as it is claimed, operating wifh him, was in fact in the pay of France to foster a common scheme, from which he adroitly withdrew, and left his old com- panions-in-arms to bear the entire reproach. After his acquittal Burr went to Europe in 1808, living in extreme proverty in London and Paris. Returning in 1812, just before the declaration of war with Great Britain, he resumed the profession of the law in the City of New York. His chief support, however, being derived from a pension as Colonel in the Revolutionary Army. He passed the last days of his life among his numer ous and influential friends and relatives, who treated him with great kindness, especially his cousin, Jttdge Ogden Edwards, at whose house on Staten Island he made his home until he died in his eighty-first year. His first wife was Theodosia Bartow, the widow of General Augustine Prevost who died 5th of May, 1786 by whom his only surviving child was his daughter Theodosia, the wife of Joseph Allston, Governor of South Caro lina. She had but one child, a son, Aaron Burr Allston, who died at an early age. His letters to her, to whom he was devoted and had educated as a confi dant to fill the place of a son, disclose what no other eye was intended to discern his disappointments and failures in life, which he was too proud to vindicate publicly. The sad fate of his daughter, whom he survived twenty years, is well known by the confession of the pirate Gibbs. His subsequent marriage with Madame Jumel, at the age of seventy-eight, doubtless to recruit his fortune, and his failure to control her possessions, as he had probably anticipated, caused their early separation and his speedy decease. His remains were buried at Princeton ,by the side of his parents, and his funeral honored with military ceremonies. Some years afterward his relatives erected a suitable granite headstone at his grave. Through all his life there glimmered a trait of character rising above the common estimate, which, in a career of consistent integrity and purity, would, like his generosity to his dependents, have aided in illuminating his memory. l68 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. His memoirs have been published by M. L. Uavis in 1836 and by James Parton in 1857. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll* JONATHAN BURRALL i Deputy Pay master- General. Born in 1753. Died at Goshen, N. Y., i8th of November, 1834. He joined the army under Major-General Philip Schuyler in 1776 in the Northern Department. Appointed Assistant Paymaster in 1777. Promoted to be Deputy Paymaster-General in 1782. Was honorably dis charged the service ist of January, 1784. After the war Congress appointed him the Commissioner for settling the accounts of the Quartermaster and Commissary Departments on the 8th of May, 1786. Subsequently he was appointed Assistant Postmaster-General, and after wards the Cashier of the United States Branch Bank of New York. Prior to his death he was chosen President of the Bank of America in New York City. He was an original member of the late Connecticut State Society of the Cincinnati, but associated with the New York in 1793. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. WICKHAM HOFFMAN, his grandson, was admitted in his right in 1857. He was in 1881, appointed Secretary of Legation at St. Petersburg, Russia. * Colonel Burr, in 1781, when his friend, Major Alden, realizing the temporary embarrassment of his circumstances and the necessity of a future profession upon leaving the service, wrote him from Raritan on the i$th of February : " If it will solace your woes to know there is a heart that feels them as its own, that heart is mine. * * * I know their force. I have felt them in all their pungency. A want of uniformity, in the mode and object of my pursuits, has been long my misfortune, and has I fear been yours. There is a persevering firmness that will conquer embarrassment, and aided with the secret smile of an approving, conscience, cannot fail to put us above the power of adversity. Thus we shali shun misfortunes or shall learn to bear them. I have found the moment of indecision to be the moment of completest anguish. When our resolutions are taken with determined firmness, they engross the mind, and close the void of misery. * * * These are my halcyon days. Let us taste them together. We shall mutually heighten their relish. Let us rescue some moments of rational enjoyment from the wreck of impetuous time. Friendship shall smooth the rugged path of science, and virtue cheer the way. " If law is your object, this situation is favorable to the pursuit. You shall have access to the library and office, without the customary expense. Your ostensible reason for coming here, shall be to pursue your studies with me, under my friend Mr. Patterson. The two boys I wish you to instruct, a^e of the sweetest tempers and the softest hearts. A frown is the severest punishment they ever need. Four hours a day, will I think be sufficient for their instruction. There are hours enough left for study as many as any one can improve to advantage ; and these four will be fully made up to you by the assistance you will derive from such of us as have already made some small progress. " If it is possible we live together. At any rate you shall live near me ; we shall at least meet every day, or oftener if we please. Nothing will interrupt us. We will regulate our own amusements and .pursuits. Here are no expensive diversions of any kind. Your salary shall be a general inaintainance in such a situation. You shall have sixty pounds New York currency, which is more than I expend here. You will find it impossible to spend a farthing except board and clothing. If from this short sketch, you think the situation adapted to your views, of which I feel a pleasing assurance, acquaint me immediately that I may prepare for your reception. * * * How THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 169 DUNCAN CAMPBELL Lieutenant in Colonel James Livingston s Canadian Continental Infatitry. Died in March, 1807. Appointed, in 1775, a Lieutenant in the ist Regiment of Canadian Conti nental Infantry Colonel James Livingston s. It was, as well as the 26. Regi ment Colonel Moses Hazen s recruited largely from residents or refugees from New York, then found in Canada. He resigned in 1779. His later years were clouded by misfortune, he and his wife becoming subjects for the Society s benevolent provision. He left no issue. JOHN CAPE Lieutenant ist New Jersey Regiment. He was from the loth of January, 1776, a Lieutenant in Captain Matthew Freeman s Company of the ist Regiment of Minute Men, Militia Infantry, of Middlesex County, N. J. Colonel Nathaniel Heard s until the 4th of June, could I write to you ? How divine your residence ? Never again harbor for a moment a surmise that derogates from my sincerity. My health is nearly established. I have not enough to despise the blessing, but enough to relish every enjoyment of life. Adieu, my friend, may that cheerfulness of which you have been robbed return, and be as permanent as your merit or my affection." To this Major Alden replied from Fairfield, 28th of February, 1781 : " Your letter of the i5th pleases me. You have a heart that feels ; a heart susceptible to tender friendship. Life has not a single charm to compare with such sensations. You know too well how to excite such emotions. Happy for us. These expel the keenest pangs. There is no such thing as real happiness. At best it is but a delusion. We make our own pleasures as we do our troubles. Friendship will heighten the one and moderate the other. " I have been tortured with the anxiety of suspense. It has given me the most poignant distress. It disordered my mind ; at times almost drove me to despair. Some of my friends saw the effect but could not conjec ture the cause. You alone could penetrate the feelings of my heart ; you alone are in possession of that evidence which will convict me of my weakness ; of my want of fortitude. I dare entrust you. I feel the influence of your friendship. To a heart like yours, this will prove the sincerity and affection of mine. " I bid adieu to camp, having completed my business, with the thanks of our worthy Commander-in-Chief icr his attention to my character. The discharge he gave me equalled my wiehes and exceeded my expectations. I have enjoyed the most rational satisfaction for three days past. I have commenced student. Dr. Johnson has given me my plan of studies, and free access to his library. My ambition is not great, nor my views unbounded. I shall proportion the means to the object. If I persevere with attention, I have something more than wishes to build upon. Nothing within the compass of my ambition, that is justifiable, will be left untried, to gratify my reasonable desires. I know that your request proceeded entirely from your friendship for me, and that you felt happy that it was in your power to oblige me. I feel the force of your kindness, but must deny myself the pleasure of spending some months with my friend. My time is short ; age presses upon me. Four years have been devoted to my country, for which I have received no compensation. It gives me pleasure to hear that your health is such that you can be thankful for the blessing, and are in a situation to enjoy yourself in your studies. My heart is sin cerely interested in your happiness. Let me know your feelings that I may know how to refine mine. _ Your friend ship and letters add a continual charm to my life and will always please the heart and secure the affection of " Yours with sincerity, R. ALDEN." I7O THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 1776. Under the act of the General Assembly of that State, 27th of November, 1776, raising four regiments of volunteers for United States service, he was incorporated with Freeman s Company, in Colonel Charles Read s Regiment, New Jersey State Infantry. Honorably mustered out by expiration of its service ist of April, 1777. Under subsequent acts of that Assembly, he served again as a Lieutenant in Colonel Asher Holmes Regiment of Infantry, from the pth of October to the 2oth of December, 1779, and from the 7th of June, 1780, until he resigned, after three and one-half years service His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll as Lieutenant in New Jersey. NEHEMIAH CARPENTER Ensign 2.d New York Regiment. He was an Associate*/- for Independence, signing at Newburgh, Orange County, on the 6th of July, 1775, and named in the Report of the Enlisting Committee to the Provincial Congress, now filed among the State archives, the following being a portion of it : " We lament gentlemen, that it is our unhappiness that there is such a number not signing who are the most daring presumptuous villians, often threatening life property and individuals, damning Congress and Committees, declaring they will join our enemies if opportunity presents, and by the general spirit they discover, we consider ourselves exposed to their bloody principles, unless some method can be fallen upon for preventing them in carrying into execution their wicked designs, which we submit to your wisdom, conceiving ourselves safe under your wise pro tection." Appointed 5th of January, 1776, Quartermaster of Colonel Isaac Nichols Regiment of Minute Men, organized at Goshen. In the Committee of Arrange ments, 1 8th of December preceding, General James Clinton recommends him, as the Quartermaster of his late regiment, the 2d New York Continental Infantry to which Carpenter had been transferred - to be on the reorganiza tion appointed in a new regiment in place of the one named, saying : " He will accept, and in his opinion is much better qualified." The Line having been reduced by the resignation of many valuable officers who refused to be super seded, he was consequently transferred, with the same rank, dating from the 2ist of November, 1776, to the 5th Regiment of New York Continental Infantry Colonel Lewis Du Bois. He was in the assault on Fort Montgomery on the 6th of October, 1777, and having been captured, was not exchanged until the 25th of October, 1780, when he was appointed Ensign on the 2d New York Regiment. On the ist of Jan uary, 1781, he was transferred, on the consolidation of the New York Line, to THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. the 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt with which he served until placed on waiting orders, June, 1783. Honorably discharged with his regiment on the 3d of November following. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll with the rank of Lieutenant. JAMES CHRYSTIE Captain $d Pennsylvania Regiment. Born 1 3th of January, 1750. Died in June, 1807. He was the eldest son of John Chrystie and Janet Clarkson, his wife, and born at Hales Quarry, near Edinburgh, Scotland. After completing his studies he came to America, landing at Philadelphia early in the year 1775. There he enlisted in the Pennsylvania Regiment under his friend Lieutenant- Colonel Thomas Craig, and with it, under Morgan, followed Arnold in his expedition through the northern wilderness to join Montgomery. Appointed First Lieutenant in the 2d Regiment Pennsylvania Continental Infantry Colonel Arthur St. Clair on the 5th of January, 1776, and promoted to Captain in the same on the tith of November, 1776 while under Wayne at Ticonderoga to rank from the gth of August, 1776. This regiment, after July of that year, being designated as the 3d Regiment Pennsylvania Conti nental Infantry Colonel Thomas Craig. He was transferred on the ist of January, 1783, to the 2d Regiment Penn sylvania Continental Infantry Colonel Richard Hampton on the consolidation of the Pennsylvania Line. He was appointed Major, by brevet, in the United States Army on the 3oth of September, 1783, and honorably discharged with his regiment, being then its senior Captain^ on the 3d of November, 1783. On the detection of Arnold s plot at West Point, Washington sent for Chrystie, and told him he had selected him for the speedy performance of the very important service of proceeding with all possible expedition to West Point, examining the state of that garrison in every respect, and visiting all the intermediate posts for the same purpose, making his business known only to their commanding officers, enjoining their entire secrecy, and committing nothing^ to writing. Here Washington paused, when Chrystie inquired if he had any further orders. He replied, " Yes, one, and a very serious one ; that is, Captain Chrystie, that you are not to let me hear of your being taken prisoner do you understand me ?" " Perfectly well, sir. You shall not hear of that event," replied the Captain ; and conscious of the trust, mounted and set out at once, and accomplished it in so short a time that Washington, in returning to headquarters, supposed he had been interrupted ; but his report in detail soon relieved his anxious mind. He married Mary, the daughter of the Reverend John Albert Wygandt in 1781. After the declaration of peace, with Lietitenant Abijah Hammond, he established a real estate business in New" York City, but from which he shortly 1^2 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. withdrew, joining Wayne s Expedition against the Indians, and served in the campaign and in the battle of the River Miami on the 2oth of August, 1794. Subsequently he established himself in the china ware business at 33 Maiden Lane. He was elected Vice-President of the St. Andrew s Society. Before his death he revisited his mother in Scotland, with his eldest son Thomas, leaving him with her to be educated. Dying in New York, he was interred in a vault in the Wall Street Presby terian Church with military honors. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll.* THOMAS CHRYSTIE (Major}, his eldest son, was admitted in his right in 1807. He died unmarried on the 1 8th of October, 1815. JAMES CHRYSTIE (Rev.), his second son, was admitted in 1819. He died November, 1863, without having subscribed his name to the Roll. THOMAS WITTER CHRYSTIE, the eldest son of the last, was admitted in 1867, and served for many years on the Standing Committee and as a dele gate to the triennal meetings of this Society. * The following article was published in the New York Times, I2th of July, 1879, under the " Story of Stony Point," as CAPTAIN CHRYSTIE S TASK. Every day is now bringing nearer the centennial celebration of the capture of Stony Point. The hour-hand of the clock will soon again point to " 2 o clock A. M., i6th of July," when, 100 years before, General Wayne stood within the bravely won fortress and wrote to General Wash ington these words : "The fort and garrison with Colonel Johnson are ours. Our officers and men behaved like men who are determined to be free." It is difficult at this day to appreciate fully the value of the achievement, but without doubt as its centennial draws nigh the public interest increases, and an account of some of the prelimi nary and more secret, but not the less important, movements, which ended in securing this brilliant victory to our troops, made as they were under private and confidential instructions and military orders from Washington, Hamilton and Wayne, becomes specially interesting as showing the masterly skill and military preparation with which this famous attack was planned, and also in bringing to light persons and events which so far seem to have escaped the historians of the times. These documents are perfectly authentic, having been among the private papers of their recipient at the time of his decease, are now in the possession of his descendants, and have never before been published. It must be borne in mind that when Sir Henry Clinton, on the jst of June, 1779, accom plished the capture by the British troops of Vetplanck and Stony Points, that event, equally unexpected and startling, carried no small alarm and anxiety to our Commander-in-Chief. Says Lossing : " The loss of these forts was greatly lamented by Washington." Not only W r est Point but all the adjacent posts and garrisons in the Highlands were suddenly in jeopardy, and separated as they were from each other by almost impassable roads, through a country abounding in swamps, crags and precipices, unless immediately put on their guard, might very easily be captured in detail by their bold and vigorous foe. And so it happened that to watch the enemy in his new acquisition to ascertain by actual inspection his strength, the nature and shape of his works at Stony Point, to learn as far as possible his plans and intentions, and, above all, to give MATTHEW CLARK S ON . THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 173 MATTHEW CLARKSON Major and Aidc-de-Camp. The following sketch furnished by Mr. Clarkson. Born in New York i7th of October, 1758. Died 25th of April, 1825. His father and grandfather both held responsible public positions with approved fidelity and ability. His great-grandfather, Matthew Clarkson, was for thirteen years Secretary of the Province, in which he arrived so commis- notice at once to our posts in the thickets and fastnesses of the Highlands became an object of paramount importance. Requiring as it did no small amount of coolness and sagacity, coupled with military skill and experience, any trustworthy officer possessing those qualifications suddenly became much in request at the headquarters of the Commander-in-Chief, which at this time were at or near Smith s Clove, in the rear of Haverstraw. It did not take long to find such a one in the command of Wayne, then in the Highlands. Captain James Chrystie, of the 3d Regiment, Pennsylvania Line, had, early in 1775, become a Lieutenant in that regiment, and almost immediately joined the detachment of Pennsylvanians and Virginians who, under Daniel Morgan, followed Arnold in his wintry expedition from Cam bridge, up the Kennebec River, to join in General Montgomery s attack on Quebec. With Arnold, Morgan and Lamb he had climbed, on the memorable night of December 3ist, 1775, the frozen ramparts of that city, and stood with them in its streets only to learn that Montgomery had just a moment before gloriously met a soldier s death. He had taken part in the movements of our troops at Isle aux Noix, the Sorel and St. John, and had won his Captaincy at Ticonderoga. Under Wayne s eye he had fought at Brandywine, Germantown and Monmouth ; had been with him in the dark and bloody night of Paoli, and with him had passed through that Winter that tried men s souls at Valley Forge. Quiet and unobtrusive, yet thorough when on routine duty, he had always proved himself in time of action a brave, vigorous, faithful and sagacious Captain, and had ever shown himself equal to any emergency that the warfare of the times put in his way. And now his General, who had seen and known him often tried " and never found wanting, well knew him also to be the very man for the important and secret service so urgently called for. And so it came to pass that on the evening of the fourth day after Stony Point had fallen into Sir Henry Clinton s hands, while Captain Chrystie was on duty at an outpost in the Highlands, there was put into his hands the following order : " THURSDAY EVENING, June 4th, 1779. SIR: General St. Clair orders me to inform you that his Excellency General Washington has occasion for you immediately. You will, therefore, report yourself at headquarters, and on your way call at General St. Clair s. I am your obedient, ISAAC BUTLER, Aid. To Captain JAMES CHRYSTIE, 3d Pennsylvania Regiment." On the same evening Captain Chrystie received the following, in General Hamilton s hand writing, with the autograph signature of Washington : " Captain Chrystie is sent by me to give information and make inquiries. The fullest confidence is to be reposed in him. G. WASHINGTON, PoMi TON, June 4th, 1779." And under the same date, and on the same occasion, the following in General Hamilton s handwriting : " Captain Chrystie, dispatched by his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, on very important business, is hereby authorized to impress horses by the way. By his Excellency s command. HEADQUARTERS, POMPTON, June 4 th, 1779. ALEX. HAMILTON, Aide-de-Camp.^ How Captain Chrystie sped on his journey can only be gathered from the military writings of that date, though the result of his silent and arduous duties afterwards speak for themselves. He had, no doubt, learned at Ticonderoga and Quebec, from Arnold, the 174 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. sioned, on the 28th of January, 1691, and was the son of an English non-con formist divine, of a family long resident in Yorkshire. Early in the Autumn of 1775, when not yet seventeen, he entered upon his military career as a private in a corps of American Fusileers, under the com mand of Rudolph Ritzema. The following, addressed to Major John Vander- bilt, of Kings County, then a member of the Provincial Congress, displays his spirit as a youth: " SIR : Ambitious of serving my country in a military capacity, shou d be glad of an appoint ment to a commission in the Battalion to be raised in this province. I am, Sir, your very humble Servant, NEW YORK, 1 2th February, 1776. MATTHEW CLARKSON." In that year he served for a time when probably waiting for the position so sought in Colonel Josiah Smith s Regiment of Minute Men, of Suffolk County, raised for the purpose of protecting Long Island from invasion and ravage, and with its cooperation with the forces under Generals Putnam and Sullivan, in the battle there. In the next year, joining the Northern Army favorite maxim of that yet unsullied soldier, and one he was often fond of repeating, that in war expedition was equivalent to strength, for on the next morning after his leaving Pomp- ton, N. J.. General Washington received a brief and hasty report from Colonel Malcolm, then on duty in the Highlands, dated " On the Road from Fort Montgomery to the Furnace, ii A. M., June 5th, 1779," stating that "Captain Chrystie has been here on his business," and the celerity of his movements here show the urgency of his mission, as well as his conviction that no time was to be lost. Eighteen days after this, and on the 23d of June, 1779, Washington, evidently acting under important information acquired during that interval, removed his headquarters to New Windsor, on the west bank of the Hudson, at the Ellison mansion, at that time standing on the brick-yard property now owned by David Carsen, and near him and about fifteen minutes walk north, also on the river side, on the site of the mansion at Windsor Hill, late the residence of Thomas W. Chrystie, was the home and headquarters of General George Clinton, whose knowledge and experience of the forts and various places in the High lands was as valuable as it had been to him costly. It may be said in passing that, without doubt, it was while in New Windsor that the attack on Stony Point by Wayne was planned and matured by Washington. Various changes were at once made in commands and positions in the Highlands, and in particular, General Wayne, on the first of July, is put in command of the Light Infantry and encamped at the Uunderberg, near Fort Montgomery. On the gth of July following, Washington writes from New Windsor to Wayne, expressing his anxiety for the immediate retaking of Stony Point, in his letter giving a close and accurate description of that fortress in all its details and surroundings, as much so as if he had himself been there. Nothing appears to have escaped the eye or eluded the observation. Wayne s immediate reply betokens his anxiety to follow out at once the designs of his commander, for on the next day (the loth) Washington, in reply to Wayne s "of that date just>rece d," tells him he has ordered the Quartermaster to furnish him " the Espontoons," and then gives him the details of how the attack is to be made, corresponding in almost every respect with Wayne s carrying out of the plan. And now the ball begins to open, and the men of Stony Point are beginning to take their places and to play their parts, and the following order is given, issued by the gallant Colonel Richard Butler, who was to lead the left wing in the coming assault, dated the day after Wash ington s last to Wayne : " SIR : You will proceed, in company with the party from Colonel Febiger s Regiment, to the south side of the Dunderberg, in as secret a manner as possible. You will be put over the creek at Fort Montgomery by the look out boat, will pass by Doodletown with caution, and go on beyond the mountain to the rid^e between Parr s houss THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 175 operating to repel the advance of Burgoyne, he was wounded in the engage ment at Fort Edward, while attempting to rally the fugitives of General St. Glair s retreating force. At Saratoga he volunteered effective service to Colonel Morgan, and in acting as Aide-de-Camp to General Arnold, in the hottest of the battle of Saratoga. Was present at the surrender of General Burgoyne. Appointed, in 1779, Aide-de-Camp to General Lincoln, then commanding the and King s Ferry, taking great care to keep an advance and small flank parties for the preservation of your com mand. When you rise the hill (which is but small) beyond Parr s, you will post proper sentries and wait for further orders, leaving a subaltern and Sergeant and 12 men in the Dunderberg, with orders to wait to convey any person or party to join you. I am, Sir, your most obedient, humble servant, RICHARD BUTLER, Colonel. nth JULY, 1779. To Captain CHRVSTIE." Three days after this (on the i-jth) Washington writes to Wayne that he has "reflected on the advantages and disadvantages of delaying the proposed attempt," and says, "you may, therefore, carry it into execution to-morrow night, unless something new," c. The historians of these times lay great stress upon the fact that on the evening of the assault General Wayne, by posting guards at proper places, had cut off all access to and egress from the garrison at Stony Point, who were thus kept in complete ignorance of what was impending. But the historians in no case make mention by whom or under whose superintendence this duty, so important to success, was performed. The last mentioned order, private and confidential in its nature, suffi ciently indicates that Captain Chrystie was the officer sent in advance of further movements again to explore the surroundings of the fort, and so to select the foothold whereon his comrades might stand when collecting themselves for the final blow. But the blank in the story of that memor able day is amply filled by the following order, given in Wayne s own handwriting, over his own signature, on the very next day after he receives Washington s consent for immediate action, and is probably the written order given by Wayne on that day : " FORT MONT Y, isth July, 1779. SIR : You will march by the Doodletown route, and approach to as near the enemy s lines as convenient before night, so as not to be discovered. You will fix upon the proper place to post your sentries from the river towards the old mill near the causeway, so as to prevent any person from going into or coming out from the enemy but what you secure. You are to take and keep all the male inhabitants in the vicinity of the enemy s lines until further orders, particularly the person you had in charge the other day. You ll hear from me this evening. I am, Sir, your hum. servt., ANT- WAYNE. Capt. CHRVSTIE." How well and how faithfully this most important duty was performed, history and tradition both inform us. Late in that afternoon every household in the vicinity of the fort was shut up and guarded within its own doors. Every dog whose bark might raise an echo of alarm in those secluded mountains was effectually quieted. No lip of any sort was found to utter a whisper of the concourse of heroes soon secretly to muster in those solitudes, and when, in the early shadows of the evening, Wayne, with his reconnoitring party of officers, arrived at the post of Captain Chrystie, and his line of " sentries from the river to the old mill near the causeway," he found that welcome he looked for in a silence and stillness equal to that of midnight. If there is any thing in words that go through one like the sound of a trumpet, these few soldier-like syllables of Wayne s last order have it. So they rang in the ears of the brave and faithful soldier who had the honor to receive them, and who was well fitted to take them in and hold them : " You ll hear from me this evening." That evening Captain Chrystie heard from him. That night, when the spell of silence was broken, the British garrison heard from him. And now, after the lapse of a century of time, the echoes of that night still ring throughout a wide-spread, grateful and admir ing nation. It is needless to continue the story of that night, or to tell how Captain Chrystie and his party fell into line with Colonel Butler s regiment, and shared with their comrades the perils and glories of that brilliant assault, but when, on the i6th of July, 1879, the roll of honor is called before this great nation in memory of tho^e who, one hundred years ago, mustered in the dark ness and silence of Stony Point, his name should not be forgotten. 176 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Southern Department, he participated in the Siege of Savannah in that year and in the defence of Charleston in 1780. In the latter he was assigned to the com mand as Major of Light Infantry, and became a prisoner upon the surrender. In 1781, after his release, he returned to his position as Aide to General Lincoln, and was with him at the Surrender of Cornwallis, thus being present at the two principal capitulations of the war. When Lincoln was transferred to the post of Secretary of War, he acted as his assistant. He had also a share of naval experience in the expedition fitted out by Commodore Whipple, while he was on duty in Charleston in 1780, and later in the " Jason," when sailing for the Chesapeake. In 1783, on the conclusion of the war, he received the commission of Lien- tenant Colonel, by brevet. Few officers of his rank saw as much active service in notable events, often voluntarily and without fixed positions or compensa tion. He married first Mary Rutherfurd, by whom he had one child (Mrs. Peter Augustus Jay). His second wife was Sarah Cornell, by whom he had three sons and four daughters. He served in both Houses of the State Legislature ; as a candidate of the Federal Party for the United States Senate, receiving a majority of the votes of the Upper House, but failing on joint ballot ; Major-General in the State Service, by which title in later life he was known ; and was President of the Bank of New York for twenty-one years. In all his varied duties his course was marked with the same devotion as to the cause of his country. His name is also associated with the foundation of nearly all the early philanthropic societies of New York ; one of the first promoters of our free school system ; for forty- one years one of the Regents of the University ; for thirty years Governor of the New York Hospital, twenty-three years of which he served as its President ; and one of the Vice-Presidents and founders of the American Bible Society. Profoundly convinced of the equality of man, he took a warm interest in the slavery question, and was bitterly hostile to every attempt to enlarge the area then open to human bondage. As early as 1789 he introduced a bill in the Assembly for its gradual abolition in this State. De Witt Clinton, in a memorial address, said : " Wherever a charitable or public spirited institution was about to be established, Clarkson s presence was considered essential. His sanction became a passport to public approbation." " His portrait," said Chancellor Kent, " presents an elevation of moral grandeur, above all Greek, above all Roman fame. It belongs to Christianity alone to form and to animate such a character." His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. MATTHEW CLARKSON, his grandson, was admitted in 1879, and is a member of the Standing Committee. 7 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 177 ALEXANDER CLINTON Lieutenant New York Artillery. Born at Deer Park, Orange County, in 1765. He was drowned in crossing the Hudson at Bull s Ferry on the i5th of March, 1787. Was the eldest son of General James Clinton. Appointed on the 2gth of September, 1780, while a boy, an Ensign in the ist Regiment of Continental Infantry. At the request of his uncle, Governor George Clinton, he was trans ferred and appointed, on the 2pth of June, 1781, Lieutenant in the 2d Regiment of the Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s. By a regimental order, dated 28th .of June, 1781, at West Point although scarcely sixteen years of age he was assigned to Captain Joseph Thomas Company. He also served as Private Secretary to his uncle the Governor. Honorably discharged with his regiment, 3d of November, 1783. Lost at the age of twenty-two, he had already contributed his honorable record to those of a patriotic and useful family. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. DE WITT CLINTON,* Governor of New York, the distinguished states man and scholar, succeeded, as a collateral, his brother Alexander in 1813. CHARLES ALEXANDER CLINTON, the eldest son of Governor De Witt Clinton, and the nephew of Lieutenant Alexander Clinton, was admitted in the succession in 1829. He died 2ist of November, 1862. GEORGE CLINTON Brigadier-General and Governor of New York. Born in Ulster County, N. Y., 26th of July, 1739. Died at Washington, D. C., zoth of April, 1812, while in the discharge of his official duties as Vice- President of the United States, the last of many to which his life was devoted. His earliest service was as a Lieutenant of a privateer in the expedition against Fort Frontenac, accompanied by his brother James. He subsequently read law with William Smith, the Chief-Justice and historian, but returned to his native county, where Admiral George Clinton of the Lincoln family then Governor of New York, under the Crown, conferred upon him a clerkship. * The limitation to original members prevents the notice here which his name and often recorded merit suggests. 178 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. He practiced law successfully, and, as a member of the Assembly, early opposed the arbitrary measures of the British Government. He took his seat in Con gress i5th of May, 1775, vigorously espoused and voted for independence; but the invasion of his State, calling him to her defence being a Brigadier-General he lost the opportunity of signing the Declaration. In 1776 he was a Deputy in the New York Provincial Congress, which gave to the State its earliest Constitution. Having been active in protecting his State, he was selected as a Brigadier-General by Congress on the 25th of March, 1777. In the following month he was chosen the first Governor of the State of New York, and as such stoutly defended Forts Clinton and Mont gomery in the Highlands, when, on the 6th of October, they were attacked by the forces of Sir Henry Clinton. The appreciation of his services to the State was evidenced by his continuous elections as its Executive from that time to 1795. He was principally instrumental in defeating the British plan for dividing the hardy New Englanders from the rest of the Union, by establishing a chain of military posts controlling the valleys of the Hudson and Lake Champlain, from New York to the St. Lawrence. In June, 1788, he presided over the Constitutional Convention, but opposed that important instrument from an apprehension that it trammelled too much the prerogative of his State. When, in 1792, Washington was elected Presi dent, Clinton received fifty electoral votes for Vice- President. He was after wards elevated to that dignity from 1804 to 1812. In the meanwhile he had again been selected as Governor, from 1801 to 1804. In 1811 his casting vote, as President of the United States Senate, negatived the renewal of the charter of the United States Bank. He married Cornelia Tappan, of Ulster County. His career forms one of the proudest pages in the history of his State and country. As soldier and statesman, he equally developed the best elements attributed to those of Rome in her early purity. His virtues and valor were the ornament and defence of his people. Wise in council, brave in action and pure in administration. His tomb in the Congressional Burying Ground should be an object of interest to all, especially to New Yorkers visiting the Capitol. > GEORGE WILLIAM CLINTON, his only grandson in the male line, was admitted in 1833, and died without issue. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 179 JAMES CLINTON Brigadier- General. The following sketch furnished by Mr. Clinton. Born at New Windsor, Orange County. N. Y., on the pth of August, 1736, and died there on the 22d of December, 1812. He was the third son of Charles Clinton, a man of education and influence, who came from Longford, Ireland, where his family had found refuge from political troubles, and in 1729, settling in Ulster County, N. Y., became the Lieutenant-Colonel of one of the battalions of Colonel Oliver de Lancey s Regi ment. He was appointed by Admiral Sir Charles Hardy then Governor of New York an Ensign in (his father s) the 2d Ulster Militia. In 1756, during the French War, he distinguished himself at the capture of Fort Frontenac as a Captain under Colonel John Bradstreet, capturing a sloop- of-war on Lake Ontario. The command of four companies, levied for the protection of the western frontiers of the Counties of Ulster and Orange, a position then involving untiring vigilance and great responsibility, was given him. He married Maria De Witt on the i8th of February, 1765. On the 3oth of June, 1775, he was appointed Colonel of the 3d New York Regiment, and followed General Montgomery to Canada. Promoted to be Brigadier-General on the gth of August, 1776. He commanded, at Forts Clinton and Montgomery, in October, 1777, and defended them against three thousand British veterans under Sir Henry Clinton, and held the works until they were carried by storm and he severely wounded. In 1779 he joined General Sullivan s expedition to the Indian Territory by the way of the Mohawk, with sixteen hundred men. In the engagement at Newtown, N. Y. now Elmira the Indians were defeated with heavy loss, and took refuge under the British Fortress at Niagara. At Albany he was stationed in command for some time, and it is recorded there as an instance of his ability, that one of the Massachusetts Regiments refusing to march to the aid of Schuyler, he threatened to have the officers and ringleaders shot unless they instantly obeyed, which had the desired effect. His presence at Yorktown was a fitting conclusion of his valuable services. Subsequently he was appointed a Commissioner to adjust the boundary between New York and Pennsylvania, a member of the Legislature and the Convention which adopted the Constitution of this State. l8o THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. He married secondly Mary Little, the -widow of Alexander Gray, on the ist of May, 1797. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. ALEXANDER CLINTON, M.D., his eldest grandson, was admitted in 1846. He was the only son of Charles Clinton, the second son of General James whose eldest son, Lieutenant Alexander, died unmarried. He was the Physician of the New York State Society, until his decease in 1878. ALEXANDER JAMES CLINTON, eldest son of Dr. Alexander, was admitted in 1878, and holds the office of Treasurer of the New York State Society. JOHN COCHRAN Director of Military Hospitals. The following sketch furnished by General Cochrane. Born at Sadsbury, Penn., on the ist of September, 1730. Died at his country seat at Palatine, Montgomery County, N. Y., on the 6th of April, 1807. His family clansmen and kin of the house of Dundonald, from which the Admiral of that name, once connected with South American warfare, derived his title, passed from Paisley, in Scotland, to the North of Ireland in 1570. Three of the descendants, seeking greater freedom in the New World, secured a considerable patent from the sons of William Penn in 1745, and divided it into farms, which still retain the name of Cochranville. He was educated at the grammar school of Dr. Francis Allison, and, in the profession which made his life most useful, by Dr. Thompson. At the outbreak of the French and Indian War he was qualified for the position of Surgeon s Mate in the Northern Army. In 1758 he marched with General John Bradstreet against Fort Frontenac. He was the founder, in 1766, of the Medical Society of New Jersey, and in November, 1769, succeeded Dr. Burnett as its President. The Revolution taking form, he offered his services in the Medical Depart ment. Washington, in a letter to Congress in 1777, Eluding to his services as a volunteer, and as having served in the French War, recommended his appointment. On the 7th of April, in that year Congress, considered and accepted a plan submitted by him and Dr. William Shippen, which was approved by Washing ton, for hospitals on the English model. On the loth, again on Washington s recommendation, he was appointed Physician and Surgeon-General of the Army ]D ? J-D PI N C t! C 33 R THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. l8l of the Middle Department. In this position he deeply deplored the defective equipment and inefficiency which characterized the new service, in which he found himself at times responsible without means for relief. In a letter to Dr. Jonathan Potts, the Purveyor General, at Morristown, iSth of March, 1780, he says : " I received your favor by Dr. Bond, and am extremely sorry for the present situation of the Hospital Finances. Our stores have all been expended for two weeks past, and not less than six hundred regimental sick and lame, most of whom require some assistance, it being withheld, are languishing and must suffer. I flatter myself you have no blame in this matter, but curse on him or them, by whom this evil is produced. The vengeance of an offended Diety must overtake the miscreants sooner or later. It grieves my soul to see the poor, worthy, brave fellows, pine away for want of a few comforts, which they have dearly earned. I shall wait on his excellency, the Commander-in-Chief , and represent our situation, but I am persuaded it can have but little effect, for what can he do ? He may refer the matter to Congress, they to the Medical Com mittee, who will probably pow-wow over it awhile and no more be heard of it. The f e\y stores sent on by Dr. Bond, in your absence, are not yet arrived, I suppose owing to the badness of the roads. If they come, they will give us some relief for a few weeks." This is one of the many manly protests of a witness of the effects of delay, often doubtless attributed to himself by the sufferers. They appear to have been wrung from his generous nature by the often recurring results of either the negligence, delay or want of means of those who carry on the sanitary department of warfare, by a bureau or executive, too remote for intelligent operations. In January, 1781, when Dr. Shippen resigned the position of Director-General, Congress immediately, without solicitation, conferred the post upon Dr. Cochran, which he acknowledged from New Windsor, Conn., on the 3d of February in a letter to the President of Congress : " I received your Excellence s favor of the i8th of January yesterday enclosing an Act of Congress, appointing me Director of the Medical Hospitals. I thank Congress for this additional mark of honor conferred on me, and you Sir, for the polite and obliging manner in which you are pleased to communicate the same. If my past conduct in the station of Physician and Surgeon- General to the Army, which I have filled for near four years, has been acceptable to that honorable body, I hope my future endeavors to perform the duties of my new office, will be no less so. As far as my abilities will enable me to execute the Trust, they shall be most faithfully exercised and whatever errors may fall to my lot, they will proceed from a want of judgment and not of intention." In this broader field Dr. Cochran did not remit vigilance in minor details, and his letters abound in suggestions, appeals and protests, in seeking for necessary supplies and facilities. In one from New Windsor, in February, 1781, to Abraham Clark (the Signer), then Chairman of the Medical Committee, he says : " Though we have few deaths, yet the poor fellows suffer for want of necessary supplies, which I hope will soon be afforded them, otherwise there will be little occasion for Physicians and Surgeons." To Purveyor Thomas Bond he writes on the following 25th of March : " I am sorry to inform you that I found the Hospital at Albany entirely destitute of all kinds of stores, except a little vinegar, which was good for nothing, and frequently without Bread 182 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. or Beef for many days, so that the Doctor under these circumstances was obliged to permit such of the patients as could walk into town to beg provisions amongst the inhabitants." Again, on the 26. of April : " Neither myself nor any of the gentlemen who have served with me, have received a shilling from the Public in twenty three months, which has, as you may reasonably suppose, reduced me to some difficulties." In another to Abraham Clark, on the 3oth : " I have from all quarters the most melancholy complaints, of the sufferings of the sick in the Hospitals for want of stores and necessaries, that you can conceive ; and unless some speedy remedy is applied the consequences must be very fatal. As soon as my strength will enable me, I propose setting out for Philadelphia. On the 5th instant I was taken sick with a Pleurisy, which has confined me until yesterday, and has left me very weak." He was going to plead at the door of Congress for relief from the distress which surrounded his duties, and these evidences of an eye-witness seem worthy here, as showing the sufferings out of which our nationality arose. While in camp in July, he begs Dr. Bond to send aid, suggesting : " Could you not by advertizement be able to procure a quantity of old linen from the good ladies of your city ? I was obliged after the last skirmish, when fifty men were wounded, to give every shirt I had in the world but two, to make lint. * I dread the thought of an action, when we have it not in our power to relieve the distress of the unfortunate." Dr. Cochran s correspondence shows many duties, outside of his special field, well performed. He appears to have anticipated emergencies, allayed jealousies, protected his subordinates from wrong, and to have aided them, when unqualified, even in the performance of their duties. He tabulated returns for the information of the Commander-in-Chief, and appears to have displayed at all times subordination of self, cheerfulness in adversity and courage amidst danger. When retired from such service, the same characteristics made him a useful and honored citizen, and well fitted to enjoy and protect what he had suffered to win. Good men appreciated his services and sought his friendship. Of these, Lafayette, Wayne and Paul Jones may be recalled. Washington gave him his camp equipage, Lafayette sent him a gold watch, and " Mad Anthony" Wayne his sword. Lafayette says in a letter written from France in 1779 : " As during my fit of illness the watch I had then was of great use to you in feeling my pulse, I thought such an one might be convenient, which I have entrusted to the Chevalier de la Luzerne, and beg leave to present you with it. I did fancy that adorning it with my heroic friend s picture would make it acceptable. Be so kind, my dear Sir, as to present my best respects to your lady, and my best compliments to your brother Doctors and my brother officers of the Army. Tell them how sincerely I love them, how much I desire to join them again." In 1790, on the adoption of the new Constitution, Washington selected him to use his own words " a cheerful recollection of his past services," and " reposing special confidence in him " as the Commissioner of Loans for the THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 183 State of New York, but a stroke of paralysis warned him to surrender this and other trusts. Retiring to his country home, he died, and with his wife, Ger trude, the only sister of General Schuyler, who survived him until March, 1813, lies buried in Forest Hill Cemetery, Utica, N. Y. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll as Director-General. JAMES COCHRAN, his eldest son, was admitted in 1817. He married Catharine Van Renssalaer, the youngest daughter of General Schuyler, and died without issue. JOHN COCHRANE, Brigadier-General, U. S. A., his eldest grandson (son of Walter Livingston Cochran, the only brother of the foregoing), was admitted in 1858. He was a member of Congress from 1856 to 1862, and Attorney-General of New York in 1865, Chairman of the Standing Committee and a delegate to the triennial meetings of this Society. ROBERT COCHRAN Lieutenant-Colonel 2d New York Regiment. The following sketch furnished by Major Asa Bird Gardiner. Died at Sandy Hill, N. Y., 3 d of July, 1812. He was one of those pioneer settlers of the New Hampshire Grants (now Vermont), holding under the title of the Governor of that Colony, but claimed by New York. Although this controversy confused the cooperation of the Territory in the ensuing struggle for freedom, he was not one of those who were alienated by it from the common cause. As a Captain in the " Green Mountain Boys," associated with Colonel Ethan Allen and others prominent in the resistance to New York, he had been declared guilty of felony, and sent enced to death by the Act of the Legislature of the gth of March, 1774. He, with six others, had hurled back a counter charge at Bennington on the 26th of the ensuing April ; but they soon buried the recollection of the local contro versy, and stood side by side with their recent opponents in resisting a common oppressor. He was residing with his family opposite Gilliland s Creek, on Lake Champlain, when the war broke out, and as a Provisional Captain, under Ethan Allen, was with him at the capture of u Ticonderoga " and "Crown Point." On the 5th of July, 1775, he was commissioned by the Provincial Congress of New York a Captain in Colonel Ethan Allen s " Green Mountain Boys," con sisting of seven companies. 184 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. In December, 1775, he became Senior Captain in Colonel Samuel Ellmore s Regiment of Infantry in the Continental service, and on the 2Qth of July, 1776, was promoted to be its Major, and stationed successively at Fort Dayton and Fort Schuyler (formerly Stanwix). On the reorganization of the New York Line for the war he was particularly recommended for a commission, and was, on the 2ist of November, 1776, appointed Major of the 3d Regiment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel Gansevoort. He was with General Schuyler during the Burgoyne campaign, and was sent to the Vermont Council of Safety at Bennington, urging militia reinforce ments. Was present at the Battle of Saratoga and at Burgoyne s surrender. On the 1 8th of May, 1779, he appears, in the New York Calender of Historical Manuscripts, as at Albany petitioning Governor Clinton as a free holder and inhabitant of the State, having a wife and six children with whom he lived on Lake Champlain on some of his lands there, until the operation of the war to the northward rendered it necessary for him to leave his habitation and retire with his family into the more interior parts of the country; that being convinced of the just rights of this country in its contest with Great Britain, and of the justice as well as expediency of opposing, by force of arms, their tyrannical usurpations, he was one of the first in this State who stood forth and entered into the service of his country ; presumes it is not in the power of man to allege anything against his character as an officer, a gentleman or a soldier ; and after reciting his services and rank as a Major, the resolution of Congress granting lands according to rank, and that he is so entitled to four hundred acres, asks for a grant of that area at Crown Point, part of which has been heretofore reserved by the Crown of Britain for the use of a garrison there in time of war, under such conditions, restrictions and limitations as his Excellency may deem necessary and expedient. He served with his regiment in General Sullivan s expedition against the Six Nations, participating in the defeat of Sir John Johnson and Brant at Newtown. Promoted to be Lieutenant-Colonel of his regiment on 22d of December, 1779. On the ist of January, 1781, on the incorporation of the Line, he was transferred as Lieutenant-Colonel to the 2d New York Regiment Van Cort- landt s. He served at Yorktown, and was honorably discharged 3d of Novem ber, 1783. His remains rest at Fort Edward, near those of Jane McCrea, whose tragic fate is a thrilling Revolutionary incident. It is related in his career he once attested a woman s fidelity and his own presence of mind, when, in 1778, he was sent to Canada on secret service, his presence suspected, a tempting reward was offered for his head. While lying THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 185 sick and hungry, concealed in a brush heap, he heard three men and a woman one being her husband discussing and planning his capture. The men departing in pursuit of him, he threw himself upon the mercy of the woman, who agreed to save him. Before their return, leading him to a safe place of refuge, she ministered to his wants, until he had recovered sufficiently to escape. He died leaving only one daughter, Janet. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. CHRISTOPHER CODWISE Lieutenant 2d New York Regiment. Appointed Lieutenant 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt on the 2ist of November, 1776. Major James Abeel, of Colonel Lasher s Regiment, wrote, from the camp at White Plains on the 27th of October, 1776, to the members of the State Con vention, then sitting, the following : "I have taken the liberty to recommend Mr. Christopher Codwise to you as a person properly qualified to bear the commission of Captain in the Army of the States, he being a resolute, prudent officer, and has shown his willingness, before he was in the service of the States, to go as a volunteer on every expedition, and has always behaved himself well, and since his having been an officer, has always discharged his duty in, his station to the satisfaction of his superior officers." The Committee appointed him on the 2ist of November, 1776, Second Lieutenant in the Seventh Company of the 2d New York Regiment. In June, 1777, he was appointed First Lieutenant of the same company. He served until deranged by Act of Congress in January, 1781. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. WILLIAM COLBRATH Lieutenant and Quartermaster 2d New York Regiment. Appointed on the 2ist of November, 1776, Ensign in the 3d Regiment, New York Continental Infantry, on recommendation of Colonel Gansevoort. In a certificate signed by Colonel Frederick Weissenfels at Quebec, on the i5th of April. 1775, and approved by General Wooster, then Commander-in- Chief of the Continental Forces before Quebec, he is mentioned with officers of his then Colonel Nicholson s Regiment as a Second Lieutenant. Transferred to the 2d Regiment, Continental Infantry Colonel Van Cort- landt s on the ist of January, 1781, and appointed Regimental Quartermaster, 1 86 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Captain (by brevet) on the 3oth of September, 1783. Honorably discharged with his regiment on the 3d of November, following. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. Lieutenant 2il New York Regiment. He was residing at, and became an Associator in, Kingston, Ulster County, in May, 1775. On the 2ist of November, 1776, he was appointed First Lieutenant of Captain Bevier s Company, 5th Regiment, New York Continental Regiment Colonel Du Bois. In July, 1778, he was on detached duty at New Windsor as Regimental Paymaster, but on the ist. of January, 1781, was transferred to the 2d Regi ment, New York Continental Infantry Van Cortlandt s. Under the Act of Congress, 3oth of September, 1783, he was breveted a Captain, and honorably discharged the service on the 3d of November following. In all official trusts it is claimed that he markedly possessed the confidence of the officers and soldiers with whom he served, and that his final returns, filed with the Secretary of State of New York, and his certificates, on any question affecting the position or accounts of others, were considered conclusive. He is reported to have been frequently consulted by Governor George Clinton and the other Commissioners of the Land Office of the State, while military land warrants were being located, as to their validity. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. JOHN CONWAY Lieutenant-Colonel ist New Jersey Regiment. He was appointed Captain of the First Battalion, First Establishment, on the 2ist of November, 1775, and of the First Battalion, Second Establishment, on the 29th of November, 1776, and Major of the Fourth Battalion, Second Establishment, on the spth of October, 1777. Appointed Major of the 3d Regiment, New Jersey Continental Infantry Colonel Elias Dayton, on the 2pth of October, 1777. Promoted to be Lieutenant- Colonel of the ist Regiment, New Jersey Continental Infantry, on the 5*h of July, 1779. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 187 He was wounded at the battle of Germantown. Resigned the service on the ist of February, 1781, after serving five years and three months. Subsequently he became the Sheriff of Middlesex County, N. J. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. CONWAY HILLYER ARNOLD, his great grandson, Lieutenant United States Navy, was admitted in his right by the New Jersey State Society on the 4th of July, 1882. SAMUEL COOPER Lieutenant and Adjutant of the $d Regiment of Artillery (Massachusetts]. Born in 1757. He was one of the memorable " Tea Party," the original boycotters of America in 1773. Appointed Second Lieiitenant of the 3d Regiment, Continental Corps of Artillery Captain John Crane ist of February, 1777. Appointed Regimental Quartermaster i4th of May, 1778, and acting Regimental Adjutant nth of June, 1783- He was continued in the service on the reduction of his regiment on the 1 2th of June, 1783, and honorably discharged with his company on the ist of January, 1784. He was an original member of the Massachusetts State Society, but was, upon his removal to New York City, on the 3d of July, 1804, transferred to the New York State Society. He held the office of Inspector of Pot and Pearl Ashes, from 1808 to 1830, until he removed to Georgetown, D. C., where he died at an advanced age. His names appears on the Half-Pay Roll. ANDREW CRAIGIE Apothecary- General. Born at Boston 7th of June, 1743. He died on the igth of September, 1819, at Cambridge, Mass. Appointed Apothecary-General in the Continental Service on the ist of Jan uary, 1777, on General Washington s recommendation, under the resolution of Congress reorganizing the Medical Department, adopted 3oth of September, 1780. l88 THE SOCIE TY OF THE CINCINNATI. After faithful service, most of the time in Philadelphia, he was honorably discharged on the 3d of November, 1783. His residence was the Vassel Place at Cambridge, Mass., well known both as Washington s Headquarters and the home of the Poet Longfellow, for which he paid ,3,750, a large sum, especially for a veteran at that day. A bridge from Boston to Lechmere Point, of which he was the projector, recalls his name. He appears upon the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN BUTTON CRIMSHEIR Lieutenant and Paymaster New York Artillery. Appointed Paymaster 2d Regiment, Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s on the ist of July, 1777. Honorably discharged, after three years service, on the i4th of September, 1779, by act of Congress, 2pth of July, 1779. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. EBENEZER CROSBY Surgeon. His Excellency s Guard* The following sketch furnished by Mr. Ernest H. Crosby. Born 3oth of September, 1753. Died i6th of July, 1788. He was the son of Judge Joseph Crosby, of Braintree (now Quincy), Mass., his birth-place. Graduated at Harvard College in 1767. The degree of A.M. was conferred upon him both by Harvard and Yale in 1782. He left his native town at an early age, joined the army before Boston as a Surgeon, and served his country as such faithfully for seven years. He graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Pennsyl vania in the Class of 1780, taking the degree of Bachelor of Medicine, and when located in New York City, after the war, was elected, in 1785, Professor of Obsterics in Columbia College, and became, in 1787, by the action of the Legislature, one of its trustees. By his marriage with Catharine Bedlow, daughter of William Bedlow the owner of Bedlow s Island in New York Harbor and niece of Colonel Henry Rutgers, he became connected with several of the leading families of New * The bodyguard of General Washington. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 189 York. A large portion of the Rutgers estate passed to his son, William Bedlow Crosby, whose merit is found often recorded. In the Fall of 1787, Dr. Crosby s health failing, he sought relief in a voyage to St. Vincent s and the climate of the tropics. He died at the residence of his father-in-law in Wall Street in the next year. His practice was approved by the physicians of his period, and his college lectures were marked for their ability. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. WILLIAM BEDLOW CROSBY, his second son, was admitted in 1810 the eldest son, John Player Crosby, dying without issue. WILLIAM HENRY CROSBY, his grandson, son of the last, was admitted in 1865. He was elected Treasurer in 1881, and is a member of the Standing Committee and Delegate to the triennial meetings of the Society. HENRY CUNNINGHAM Lieutenant New York Artillery. He enlisted, June, 1776, in Captain Sebastian Bauman s Company of Colonel Knox s Regiment of Continental Artillery. Transferred with his company, ist of January, 1777, to the 2d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s. Appointed Sergeant-Major, and honorably discharged as such by the expiration of his enlistment in June, 1779. Appointed Second Lieutenant of his late regiment i2th of September, 1779, and Regimental Quartermaster 28th of July, 1780. Promoted to be First Lieutenant of the same 8th of April, 1782, but resigned as Regimental Quartermaster ist of January, 1783. Honorably discharged with a portion of his regiment ist of January, 1784. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JAMES DAVIDSON Commissary of Stores, General Hospital. The following communication to the Standing Committee of this Society, dated New York, 26th of June, 1810, gives the best material attainable : " GENTLEMEN: Some years ago sundry of my friends belonging to the Cincinnati Society proposed that I should offer myself a candidate as an Honorary Member (of that Society) not igo THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. doubting, but on proper application I should be admitted, for altho I was not in the department of fighting, yet as a Staff Officer, I had to the best of my abilities done my duty. " However, time past along and owing to a combination of circumstances the application was not made, but yet never entirely lost sight of by me. I therefore at this late date offer a statement of a few facts which may have some weight with the honorable Members of an Honor able Board. " I joined the General Hospital Department under the direction of Doctor Morgan at New York in 1776, as Commissary of Stores, providing not only for the said Gen 1 Hospital but for upwards of 20 Regimental Hospitals, until our evacuation of that City, and owing to a consider able quantity of Stores on hand, belonging to that Department I thought it my duty to continue by them to the last moment, endeavoring to transport them to Paulus Hook, which I did having sundry boats under my direction, in which from daylight to 3 o clock P M on Sunday, a con siderable quantity was saved, at which time the Enemy had advanced so near to the City, it was thought advisable to decamp : and so near were we to being taken that General Knox and Dr. Eustis s retreat was cut off on the Island, and who were saved (in the last boat) from imprison ment, the British flag being displayed on our Battery before we had half crossed the River. " I was afterward stationed for a time at Newark, Hackensack and Bethlehem, and finally was ordered on with that part of the G. H. fixed at Danbury in Connecticut at which place, the sudden descent of a part of the enemy under the command of Gen. Agnew, left us but a narrow chance of escape, as on a former occasion I thought it my duty to transport as many of the stores as I could to a place of safety. However after an absence of part of a day and night, they in their turn made as precipitate a retreat. " I continued in the Army till the year 1780 leaving the Department (I have the vanity to think,) in the best possible regulation. I have the Honor, Gentlemen, to be " Your very humble Servant, "JAS. DAVIDSON." His application for membership was presented to the meeting of the Stand ing Committee on the a6th of June, 1805, but was not acted upon until the 4th of July, 1811, when "in conformity to the report of the Committee of Enquiry, Doctor James Davidson was admitted a member, and took his seat accord ingly." His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll as Commissary of New York. HENRY DEMLER Lieutenant New York Artillery. He served as an Assistant to the Quartermaster-General Colonel Timothy Pickering from ist of October, 1780, until appointed Second Lieutenant, 2d Regiment, Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s on the 2ist of December, 1781. ^ Was then assigned to duty as Assistant Quartermaster in the main army, and after the discharge of most of the Continental troops, at West Point, on the ist of January, 1784, was ordered to Philadelphia to settle his own accounts and assist in settling those in the Quartermaster s Department. He was finally honorably discharged ist of June, 1784. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll with rank of Lieutenant. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. IQI DANIEL DENISTON Lieutenant id New York Regiment. Died 3d of February, 1824. Appointed Ensign 4th Regiment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel Henry B. Livingston s gth of November, 1777. Transferred to the 2d Regi ment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel Van Cortlandt s on the reduc tion of the army, rst of January, 1781. Honorably discharged the service with his regiment, 3d of November, 1783, with the rank of Lieutenant. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. GEORGE I. DENNISTON Lieutenant $d New York Regiment. Died June, 1812. He was recommended by General James Clinton on 6th of December, 1776, as an Ensign, and was appointed in the Sixth Company of the 3d Regiment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel Gansevoort with rank dating from the 2ist of November, 1776. Promoted, in 1780, to be a Lieutenant in his regiment, until becoming super numerary by juniority, ist of January, 1781, on the incorporation and reduction of the New York Line, he was honorably retired on that date. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. PIERRE REGNIER DE ROUSSY Lieutenant-Colonel 2d New York Regiment. He served in the armies of Europe, when, coming to this country, he joined in 1776 the Continental Army in Canada. His commission as Sub- Inspector, with rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, was conferred on the 2ist of November, 1776. On the 1 7th of March, 1777, a letter from General Washington, dated 2oth of February, was read to the Committee of Arrangements in favor of Lieutenant- Colonel Regnier by which name he often appears and on the 26th they appointed him Lieutenant-Colonel in the New York Continental Infantry, with rank dating from the i2th of the January preceding. In 1778 he was detailed to duty as an Inspector under the Inspector-General, Baron Steuben, and in January, 1779, was transferred to the 2d Regiment, 192 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. New York Continental Infantry Colonel Van Cortlandt but continued on detached duty. On the 3ist of March, 1780, he was honorably discharged the service at his own request. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. SIMEON DE WITT Geographer to the Continental Army. The following sketch furnished by Mr. De Witt. Born in Ulster County, N. Y., on Christmas, 1756. Died on the 3d of December, 1834, at Ithaca, N. Y. His father, Dr. Andrew De Witt, belonged to that branch of the family which settled in Ulster County during Governor Stuyvesant s administration, and is said to have been connected with Captain Jan de Witt, who, while in the service of Holland, explored the coasts of New York and New England, and also with the settler of the same name who soon afterward erected a mill on Manhattan Island. He, with fourteen others of his name, signed the Articles of Association at Rochester, Ulster County, 6th of July, 1775, his father being chairman. While at Queen s College, New Brunswick, he enrolled in a company composed of its students, and when it was broken up by the capture, he went to reside with his uncle, General James Clinton. He joined the line of the Continental Army as a volunteer, and was present at the surrender of Burgoyne. Washington selected him as Assistant Geographer of the army from 1778 to 1780, when he was appointed by Congress, 4th of December. 1780. its Geographer. He continued in that capacity and as Chief of Topographical Engineers in the place of Colonel Erskin, who resigned and returned to Europe until the close of the war. He was present at Yorktown, giving effective service both there and on the march. His military surveys and maps were of great assistance to Washington. Honorably discharged the service on the 3d of November, 1783. The next year he was appointed Surveyor-General of New York, and served as such until his decease. He surveyed public lands in that State a work of great labor and importance and compiled them in 1804 in his valuable State map. It is claimed that he did not avail himself of his knowledge of these lands by the purchase of an acre when they were sold. He also superintended the survey of the Erie Canal. Was one of the Commissioners to settle the position of the State line between New York and Pennsylvania. He was Regent of the THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. IQ3 University from 1798, Vice-Chancellor from 1817 and Chancellor from 1829. The "Elements of Perspective," published in Albany in 1813, was one of his many useful and ingenious essays. He was accepted to be what Dr. T. Romeyn Beck, his eulogist, described him, "A patriot, a soldier and a Christian. 1 1 He married a sister of Colonel Richard Varick. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll as Geographer. RICHARD VARICK DE WITT, his eldest son, was admitted in 1836. He died 7th of February, 1868. RICHARD VARICK DE WITT, his grandson and eldest son of the last, was admitted on the 4th of July, 1868, and is a member of the Standing Com mittee. SAMUEL DODGE" Ensign zd New York Regiment. Appointed an Ensign in Colonel Weissenfels 4th Regiment, New York Con tinental Infantry, in 1779. Transferred on the ist of January, 1781, to Colonel Van Cortlandt s 26. New York Regiment, and was with Lieutenant Samuel Dodge in the Fourth Company. Honorably discharged on the 30! of November, 1783. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. SAMUEL DODGE Lieutenant 2d New York Regiment. Died 27th of October, 1795. He was appointed Second Lieutenant 2d Regiment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel James Clinton s 27th of February, 1776, and served through the year. On the reorganization of the New York Continental Line for the war he was, on the 2ist of November, 1776, assigned to the 5th Regiment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel Du Bois . On the ist of October, * He and his namesake, Lieutenant Samuel Dodge, were Associators for Independence, one signing at Marbletovvn, Ulster County, N. Y., on the 2gth of May. 1775, and the other in Armenia Precinct, Dutchess County, N. Y., on the 8th of June of the same year. 194 THF - SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 1777, he was appointed First Lieutenant, and five days after was taken prisoner on the assault on Forts Clinton and Montgomery, and was not exchanged until the 25th of October, 1780. On the ist of January, 1781, he was transferred to the 2d Regiment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel Van Cortlandt with which he served until the Regiment went on waiting orders, 8th June, 1783. Captain, by brevet, on the 3oth of September, 1783, when he was honorably discharged the service on the 3d of November following. From the time of his transfer to the 2d Regiment to the close of the war, he commanded its fourth company in the absence of Captain Benjamin Walker, who was serving on detached duty as an Aid to Baron Steuben and General Washington, successively. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. HENRY S. DODGE (Colonel), his only son, was admitted in 1806, and elected Secretary in 1813. He was a Colonel in the War of 1812, married Jane Varick, and died in 1826. JOHN VARICK DODGE (Rev.), his grandson and son of the last, was elected to membership in 1856. JOHN DOUGHTY Captain New York Artillery. Born in New York, 1754. Died, unmarried, on the i6th of September, 1826. He was the son of Thomas Doughty a merchant of New York City of Scottish descent, and Gertrude Le Roux. Graduated at Columbia College in mo- Appointed Captain- Lie if tenant of the Eastern Artillery Company of New Jersey Captain Daniel Neil s on the Continental Establishment, pth of May, 1776. Promoted to be Captain, by order of General Washington, dated at Morris- town on the ist of January, 1777, in the 2d Regiment, Continental Corps of Artillery - -Colonel Lamb s and assigned ist of March, 1777, to command the New York State Company of Artillery in that regimemylate Captain Alexander Hamilton s. Promoted, with rank of Colonel, Aide-de-Camp to General Schuyler. He commanded his company continuously throughout the war, and was retained with it after the declaration of peace. After many vicissitudes of incorpora tion, it is still in the service of the United States, being now Battery F, 4th Regiment, United States Artillery. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 195 An extract from a report made by him to Colonel Lamb of the achievement of a brother officer at the time he was temporarily commanding his regiment, and now in the Historical Society s Collection, displays a generous spirit in appreciating the merit of the service of another : " We have no news at present, and have remained in peace and quietness, except a small alarm we had a few days ago, which I dare say you have heard of before this ; but lest you should not, as it is a credit to our arms, I will trespass upon your patience in informing you of it. On the igth instant the whole of the enemy s horse, supposed to be about two hundred, after a circuitous march on the preceding night, attempted to surprize at day break, a party of our horse under the command of Captain Lee, which forms our most advanced post, but unhappily for these bravadoes, this truly good officer observing their intentions, his retreat being dangerous, betook himself with the small party then with him, consisting of a Lieutenant, Sergeant, Corporal, and six men, to a large store house, and there by his superior address and bravery withstood the repeated attacks of so superior a number ; and after supporting the conflict for some time, made these gentry relinquish their plan, and retreat with disgrace and confusion, leaving six dead on the field. Captain Lee s loss was trifling, none but his Lieutenant being wounded. I assure you nothing can reflect more honor on the character of a soldier than Captain Lee s behaviour on this occasion, and when added to his former services entitle him to the esteem of every other soldier, while at the same time, it teaches us young soldiers that it is not numbers that ensure us success, and that a few good determined fellows will execute what a thousand dastardly wret^jies would tremble at attempting. " My best wishes for your health and happiness, that they may always attend you. I beg you will make my best respects to Colonel Oswald. 1 And believe me with the greatest respect " Park of Artillery 2yth January 1778. " Your most Obedt. Servt. " Colonel JOHN LAMB. "JOHN DOUGHTY." After the war he was appointed Major, by brevet, on the 3oth of Septem ber, 1783, and was retained in the United States service with his company, commanding the garrison at West Point from the 2oth of June, 1784, to the 2oth of July, 1785, with the rank of Major, by special resolution of Congress, nth of November, 1784. Promoted on the 2oth of October, 1786, to be Major of the ist United States Infantry, New York Quota, to rank from 7th of August, 1786. Trans ferred on the same day, with rank of Major, in the United States Artillery Bat talion, and credited on the New Jersey^s Quota. Appointed Colonel of Militia of the Northwest Territory, ipth September, 1790. Promoted to be Lieutenant-Colonel, 2d United States Infantry, 4th of March, 1791, as a reward for his long and faithful services. This appointment he declined, resigning after nearly fifteen years continuous service. At President Washington s request, he again served on Special Inspection duty on the Northern Frontier from the iyth of September to the 26th of October, 1791. Appointed Brigadier-General of the 2d Division of the New Jersey Militia on the 5th of June, 1793. 196 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the 2d Regiment of Artillerists and Engi neers on the ist of June, 1798. On the 26th of May, 1800, he resigned and was honorably discharged. He had taken part at Trenton, Assumpsink, Princeton ; led his company at Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, Springfield and Yorktown. In 1785 he commenced the erection of the first fort built in Ohio, which he named " Fort Harmer," after his old commander ; he also located and built " Fort Washington," which was subsequently changed by Governor St. Clair to " Cincinnati." On the 4th of July, 1793, he associated, upon his removal to Morristown, with the New Jersey State Society of the Cincinnati, and represented that district in the New Jersey Legislature ; was the Judge of Morris County, and President of the Academy. He was also prominent in the reception of La Fayette at that place in 1825. His homestead on the Basking Ridge road, in which he died, his grave and that of his father in the neighboring cemetery, recall to many his services as well as his soldierly and genial presence. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN DOUGHTY OGDEN, of New York, his godson, whose grand mother was a sister of Captain Doughty s mother, has submitted the following : " On the conclusion of peace he was ordered to our western territory to establish forts or blockhouses on the Ohio River and elsewhere, and to select sites for our future cities. It is melancholy to find that in these early days of the Republic there existed corrupt and designing men who dared to insult a public officer by offering money and other inducements to select their lands for these sites. The integrity and sagacity of Major Doughty has been fully proved by subsequent events, and particularly by the location of the City of Cincinnati, where he established a fort and a garrison. Many years ago I met in Virginia an enthusiastic citizen of that city, who assured me that the name of John Doughty was still remembered and venerated in that great capital. " In the course of this western expedition, Major Doughty had occasion to survey the Tennessee River, and while in a barge manned by sixteen United States soldiers, he was surrounded and attacked by a large force of Indians in canoes. Seated in the stern of his boat he kept up a constant fire against the enemy, the muskets or rifles being reloaded and handed to him by his men. When eleven out of the sixteen soldiers had been killed or disabled, matters began to look serious, and the Major thought the only thing to be done was to put an end to the Indian Chief. Standing up, he took an aim, to use his own words, as cool and deliberate as if he had been shooting a robin. The shot happily was successful^ the Chief tan fell and the Indians fled. With his diminished crew it was impossible to make any headway against the current of the rivers, and he floated down the Tennessee and Mississippi until he reached the Spanish post in Louisiana. " He threw himself upon the hospitality of the commandant of the garrison, by whom he was kindly entertained and furnished with an escort to his own country. " His protracted absence had caused the greatest anxiety to his relatives and friends, as well as the Government. A letter addressed to him by General Knox, Secretary of War, congratulating him on his safe and unexpected return, attests the high estimation in which he was held by that THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. IQ7 Department. A short time after, he was appointed by General Washington, Colonel of a new regiment of Infantry to consist of three Battalions, in consideration, as General Knox writes, of his long and valuable services. " HENRY DU BOIS Captain 2d Neia> York Regiment. Born 26th July, 1755. Died on the 25th of May, 1794. He was the youngest son of Elias Du Boisf and Susannah Vandenburgh, of Ulster County, and married Nellie Ter Bush on the 24th of June, 1780. Appointed, i4th of December, 1776, Adjutant of the 5th Regiment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel Lewis Du Bois with rank of Lieutenant from 2ist of November, 1776. On the ist of September, 1778, he was promoted to be Captain- Lieutenant in the same. Transferred, ist of January, 1781, to the 2d Regiment, New York Continer. al Infantry Colonel Van Cortlandt and soon after promoted to Captain in the same. Was honorably discharged, at his own request, 4th of November, 1782. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. * This position he did not long hold, preferring, when peace was attained, like Cincinnatus, to retire to his own country home. The remaining portion of his life was spent in agricultural pursuits, in the cultivation of literature, and in the exercise of a generous hospitality. His younger brother Bartholomew had many years before been lost at sea. Two other brothers were officers in the British Army. They never met upon the field, but after the peace he performed many kind offices for the unfortunate Loyalists. They embarked for Nova Scotia, but perished by ship wreck at Halifax. A maiden sister survived him six years, when his family became extinct. The property of General Doughty consisted of about four hundred acres of land lying on the east side of the Basking Ridge road, beginning at Morristown and extending nearly a mile to the southwest. He left by will a house and land to each of his three slaves, whom he had previously manumitted. Many years before his death he gave to the town an avenue or street on the eastern boundary of his estate, extending from Basking Ridge road to and beyond the top of the hill, now known as McCullough Avenue. \ Governor Clinton writes as follows of the men of this family : " PEEKSKILL, igth November, 1876. James Du Bois, son of Matthew Du Bois of New Windsor was named as a Second Lieutenant in Du Bois Regiment. He had a brother another Lewis Du Bois a Captain in the service last year who behaved well and is since dead. I believe it would answer to appoint him. The men who were with his brother would incline to enlist with him. Many other young fellows in the country may be found who will answer and incline to serve, but I don t at present recollect their names. The officer referred to as dead was in Colonel James Clinton s Regiment. James Du Bois received the com mission applied for as Second Lieutenant in Colonel Gansevoort s Regiment. David Du Bois became First Captain in Colonel Du Bois Regiment, and another, Major Lewis Du Bois, appears in service in 177, all from Ulster County. 198 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. EDWARD DUNSCOMB Captain ^th New York Regiment. Born in New York City, 23d of May, 1754. Died i3th of November, 1814. He was the son of Daniel Dunscomb, a member of the Provincial Congress of New York, and graduated at Kings College in 1774. Residing in New York City at the beginning of the Revolution, he became a member of an independent uniform militia company, known as the " Fusileers." On the 29th of January, 1775, he volunteered his services with his com pany, which, with other independent uniformed militia organizations, was formed into a regiment, known as the ist Battalion of the Independent Com panies, under the command of Colonel John Lasher. Appointed Lieutenant, in February, 1776, when his regiment was mustered into the Continental Service. His regiment was first stationed at Bayard s Hill, a commanding site in the City of New York, west of the Bowery, where Grand and Mulberry Streets intersect, and where they began the erection of a redoubt on the ist of March, 1776, and continued in its occupation until relieved on the i6th of May follow ing, with thanks for their masterly execution of that work by the Commander- in-Chief. On the 22d of August of that year the regiment crossed the East River to Brooklyn Heights, and on the evening of the 26th, Lieutenant Dunscomb was one of a party of five officers, sent by Major-General Sullivan, to patrol the Jamaica Pass, which duty was performed so incautiously in the face of an enemy, that all were taken prisoners by the advance of Sir Henry Clinton s flanking column. Having been taken before Sir Henry Clinton, Lieutenant Dunscomb was so closely interrogated as to cause him to indignantly resent the effort " as offensive to an officer." He was confined in a prison ship, where he fell sick, and was paroled to Flatbush, L. I., where many American officers were confined, and remained for twenty-two months. Meanwhile, on the 2ist of November, 1776, on the petition of his brother officers, then in camp at White Plains, who had not forgotten him, he was appointed a First Lieutenant in the 4th Regiment of the New York Continental Infantry Colonel H. B. Livingston. Promoted to Captain- Lieutenant, 23d of April, 1778, and to Captain in 1780, and on the reduction, by concentration, of the New York Line, ist of January, 1781, he was rendered Supernumerary by jilniority, and honorably retired. After the adoption of the United States Constitution, he became Clerk of the United States District Court, and an Examiner in Chancery. He was also a Vestryman of Trinity Church, New York, a Trustee of Columbia College Lieut. JAMES FAIRLIE : THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 199 from 1795 to 1814, and in 1810 he was elected Sheriff of New York City. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. DANIEL E. DUNSCOMB, his eldest son, was admitted in 1815, elected Secretary of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati in 1816, and died on the 3d of December, 1850. JOHN ELLIOTT Surgeon s Mate \st New York Regiment. He was recommended by Surgeon Hunloke Woodruff on the 2oth of April, 1777, in a communication dated at Fort Constitution, as qualified to act as Surgeons Mate to the 3d Regiment, New York Continental Infantry, which was endorsed by its Lieutenant-Colonel, Marinus Willett, in a letter to the Com mittee of Arrangements. He was so appointed, and on the ist of January, 1781, transferred to the ist Regiment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel Van Schaick. Honorably discharged the service on the 3d of November, 1783. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. ANDREW ENGLIS Captain- Lieutenant \st Massachusetts Regiment. Appointed a Lieutenant in the i2th Regiment, Massachusetts Continental Infantry, on the ist of January, 1777. Promoted to be Captain- Lieutenant in 1780, and transferred to the ist Regiment, Massachusetts Continental Infantry Colonel Joseph Vose s on the ist of January, 1781. Honorably retired ist of January, 1783. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. JAMES FAIRLIE Lieutenant zd New York Regiment and Aide-de-Camp. The following sketch furnished by Mr. Robert Tyler. Born in New York City in 1757. Died loth of October, 1830. His father, James Fairlie, was a Havana merchant captain and the son of a Scotch m-idshipman who settled in America early in the last century. His mother, Phoebe Mitchell, was a Quaker lady of Long Island. 2OO THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. In 1776, at nineteen, he was commissioned an Ensign in Colonel McDougall s Regiment, and on that officer s recommendation, on the reorganization of the army, was retained as a Second Lieutenant in Colonel Van Cortlandt s, serving with it at Saratoga. Baron Steuben, in 1778, selected him as one of his Aides, and he was with him at Monmouth on the 28th of June, afterward accompany ing him to Virginia.* The following is from Saffell s Records of the Revolutionary War : " CHESTERFIELD COURT HOUSE May 3 1781. " SIR : You will take under your charge five wagons, Containing four hundred, Stand of Arms, Complete with bayonets &c., two hundred leather cartridges, two hundred tin canisters, and two thousand flints, and you will proceed immediately to Suffolk. Immediately on your arrival, you will acquaint General Muhlenburgh of it. You will not be any means deliver any of the above articles without General Muhlenburgh s particular order. You will set out from this place this evening, or tomorrow morning very early, so that you may arrive at Suffolk by the 8th instant. " By order of Major-Genera I Steuben " WM. PORTER, C. M. Stores. "JAMES FAIRLIE, Aide de Camp" When the war ended he was relieved from the attendant distress which followed many officers without means of maintenance. The kind-hearted Baron offered it, in opening a home to him and employ ing his pen in his palace of logs, styled " The Louvre, " erected on his granted lands in Western New York. There, with Walker, North and other visiting veterans, he participated in that hospitable " Bachelor s Hall " until new duties successively sought him. He was appointed the Claim Agent for the State of New York, and a member of its Legislature in 1798 and 1808 ; a Presidential Elector in 1804 and 1816 ; an Alderman of New York City, and one of the Delegates to the memorable State Constitutional Convention of 1821, and served for many years as Clerk of the Supreme Court of this State. Jefferson conferred upon him the honorary position of Commissioner in Bankruptcy, and Madison offered him the position of Adjutant-General in the War of 1812. W r hen he died, at 41 Cortlandt Street. New York City, his loss was con sidered a public one, and his funeral was attended by the New York Cincinnati Society, he having acted as its Secretary in 1784. Irving records how Washington fell back in a boat on the Hudson when enjoying one of his pleasantries. Count Pulaski, speaking of him with others, in a letter to Franklin in 1778, says : " But there is a younger class, who are principally on the staff, of an equal cast of mind, and of superior education, having generally just left their institutions of learning, or the early course * The Baron s manuscript correspondence in the Collections of the New York Historical Society shows how Virginia was, in 1781, little affected by the war, until invaded by Arnold with twelve hundred men. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 2OI of professional life, to join the army. There are some elegant young men amongst these. Major Fairlie, I would mention as one of them. He is quite young he was then twenty-one but for sagacity, wit, and knowledge of his profession, he has no superior. Playful and satirical or instructive, as he varies from one subject to another. I have taken much delight in his society, and think he has given me more instruction in pronouncing the English language, than any other officer I have met with. This is probably owing to my enjoying his Society so much." Baron Steuben, when he divided his estate in Oneida amongst his Aides, discovered that Fairlie had prematurely exchanged his share with North for a set of Sevres, which had attracted his fancy, the stormy veteran thereupon withdrew his affection and cut him off. By his marriage with Maria, daughter of Chief- Justice Yates, he had two sons, who died unmarried. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN TYLER COOPER, his great grandson, and son of Thomas Cooper, the tragedian, was admitted on the 4th of July, 1879, in his right. EPHRAIM FENNO Captain- Lieutenant New York Artillery. Appointed Second Lieutenant in the 2d Regiment, Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s on the ist of January, 1777. Promoted to be First Lieutenant of the same on the i3th of September. 1778, and Captain-Lieutenant on the aoth of September, 1779. Honorably discharged, with a portion of his regiment, ist of January, 1784, having served throughout the war. He died unmarried. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll as Lieutenant and Quartermaster of Massachusetts. NICHOLAS FISH Major and Brigade Inspector zd New York Regiment. Born in New York City on the a8th of August, 1758. Died there on the 2oth of June, 1833. At the age of sixteen he entered the College of New Jersey, but soon left it to study law in the office of John Morin Scott. Appointed Second Lieutenant in the Fusileers, an independent uniformed company of New York City Militia in 1775, consolidated into Colonel John Lasher s Regiment as the ist New York Independent Battalion of Volunteers 202 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. On Monday, the 2gth of January, 1776, they voted to volunteer in the United States Service as Minute Men, and early in February were placed on duty on Bayard s Hill. During the Spring of 1776 he was appointed Aide-de-Camp to Brigadier- General John Morin Scott, and on the following 2ist of June, Major of Brigade. He was present at the Battle of Long Island, in the engagement at Harlem Heights and at the Battle of White Plains. Brigadier-General Scott, on the 5th of November, 1776, addressed a com munication to the New York Convention, presenting Major Fish s name for appointment. " I can honestly recommend him as well qualified for that rank. This I am sure of, there is not a better brigade Major in the army. Indeed I have not seen one who can do the duties of the grand parade so well as he, except Major Henley, and I think he does not exceed him. In other departments of his present appointment he gives me great satisfaction " This recommendation was supplemented by one from Colonel H. B. Living ston of the 4th Regiment, New York Continental Infantry dated at Peekskill, 24th of November, 1776 asking that he be appointed Major in his regiment. He was, however, appointed Major of the 2d Regiment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel Van Cortlandt to date from 2ist of November, 1776. He was with his regiment in the battles of Bemis Heights and Schuyler- ville, and pursuant to General Washington s orders dated Army Headquarters, Valley Forge, 2gth March, 1778 was detailed as the Brigade Inspector of Brigadier-General Enoch Poor s command, and in 1778 Division-Inspector under Baron Steuben. At the Battle of Monmouth he commanded a corps of light infantry, and subsequently accompanied General Sullivan s campaign against the Six Nations, and by his order dated Tioga, 23d of August, 1779 was detailed as the Brigade Inspector. Under La Fayette he served in the light infantry during the campaign of 1780, marching with his regiment to Virginia, and taking an active part with Hamilton s corps in the engagements which resulted in the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown on the igth of October, 1781. In 1782 he was with the main army, under General Washington at Ver- planck s Point, West Point, and at the Cantonments near New Windsor, until the close of the war. He possessed, in a high degree, the confidence of Washington, Schuyler, La Fayette and Hamilton, and with the army the character of an excellent disciplinarian and a gallant soldier. Appointed Adjutant- General of the State of New York in April, 1786. When our relations with France threatened a collision, Washington, again placed at the head of the army, was overwhelmed with applications from old THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 203 officers for positions, and writing to Knox (then Secretary of War), on the 1 9th of August, 1792 : " Not having thought of any character more eligible for Adjutant-General than Major Fish, I request that he may be sounded or even directly applied to. Should he be indisposed to the office some other must be appointed without delay." In 1794 he received an additional evidence of Washington s appreciation, the supervision of the revenue. In New York he was elected an Alderman from 1806 to 1817, and was elected the President of the Cincinnati Society of New York in the years 1797 and 1805. He married Elizabeth Stuyvesant, by whom he had five children. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. HAMILTON FISH* (Honorable], his eldest son, was admitted in 1834. He was born in the City of New York, 3d August, 1808. Graduated at Colum bia College in 1827. After reading law in the office of Peter Augustus Jay, he was, in 1830, admitted to the bar. Elected to the State Legislature in 1837, and a Member of Congress from 1843 to 1845 > Lieutenant-Governor of New York from 1847 to ^49, and Governor from 1849 to 1851 ; United States Senator from 1851 to 1857, and Secretary of State, March nth, 1869, to 1877. He also held other offices of trust: President of the Union Defence Committee, and the Joint High Commission to adjust the Alabama, Fisheries and Boundary Claims with Great Britain, and Plenipotentiary to sign the treaty in 1871 ; President of the New York Historical Society, one of the Trustees of Columbia College, the Astor and Lenox Libraries, the Peabody Fund, and since 1854 the President-General and since 1855 the President of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati. Received from Columbia in 1850, from Union in 1870 and from Harvard in 1871, the honorary degree of LL.D. GEORGE FLEMING Captain New York Artillery. Died 2d of October, 1822. Appointed First Lieutenant in Captain Sebastian Bauman s Company of the New York Artillery on the i6th of April, 1776, and on the i9th altached to Colonel Henry Knox s Regiment. *Mr. Stuyvesant Le Roy and Mr. John Neilson, grandsons, were admitted in 1860 as life members under the resolution of 1857. 204 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Promoted to be Captain- Lieutenant \ ist of January, 1777, upon the transfer of his company to the 2d Regiment, Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s and after the discharge of the remainder, by expiration of enlistment, was appointed Captain in that regiment on the pth of November, 1778, vice Bauman promoted. His company was mounted as light artillery and assigned to the 2d Brigade of the Light Infantry Division as a light battery, and in August, 1780, to the division under La Fayette. He rejoined the Artillery Park, near New Windsor, on the ist of December, 1780, and was again assigned with his command to the Light Infantry Division, in February, 1781. La Fayette presented him on the ist of September, 1780, while in camp at Dobbs Ferry, with a pair of epaulettes a cockade and sword, as a testimony of appreciation of his services. In July, 1779, he was sent with a flag of truce to Stony Point, then in possession of the British. Appointed Major, by brevet, on the 3oth of September, 1783, and honorably discharged with his regiment on the 3d of November following. Appointed Military Storekeeper at West Point on the 22d of March, 1787. He remained in the service until 1812. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. DOUW T. FONDEY* Ensign \st New York Regiment. Died at Ballstown, N. Y. Appointed Ensign of the Light Infantry Company of the ist New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s and the Adjutant of Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Hamilton s Light Infantry Corps on the 5th of August, 1781. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN FONDEYt j > Ensign ist New York Regiment. Was an Ensign in the Third Company of the ist New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. * The family name is Fonda. Probably the son of Isaac D. Fonda and Susanna De Forest, baptized 6th of August, 1759. f Probably a brother of the last, baptized 6th of April, 1761, and married to Cornelia Hunn. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 205 JOHN FONDEY (M.D.), grandson, was elected to membership in 1859, but failed to qualify by signing the Institution. He had an elder brother, William Hunn Fondey, who married Harriet Wilson. JOSEPH FOOT Lieutenant ist Massachusetts Regiment. Appointed an Ensign in the i2th Massachusetts Regiment Colonel Ebenezer Sprout s. Promoted to be Lieutenant of the ist Massachusetts Regiment on the 6th of March, 1779. He was buried by the Society in 1807. THEODOSIUS FOWLER Captain zd New York Regiment. Born at East Chester, Westchester County, N. Y., on the nth of May, 1753. Died on the i2th of October, 1841. The following was written by him for the New York State Society of the Cincinnati, of which he was Treasurer in 1794 and from 1820 until his decease: " I was appointed the eldest Ensign in the New York Line, either in February or March, 1776, in the ist New York Regiment, commanded by General Alexander McDougall ; was pro moted to a Second Lieutenantcy in the same regiment on the loth of August, 1776 ; to be First Lieutenant on the 2ist of November, 1776, in the Fourth Battalion of the New York forces of Continental Troops ; and was promoted to be a Captain in the said regiment on the 28th of June, 1778, my commission bearing date April 23d, 1778. " In the latter end of the year 1780, or beginning of 1781, I was transferred to the 2d New York Regiment, where I was continued to the end of the War of the Revolution with the rank of Captain. " During the whole period of my service I was not absent fifty days from the army, either in Summer or Winter. " In 1776, while in the ist New York Regiment, I was at the Battle of Long Island, and our regiment was one of the last which retreated from the Island. In the next campaign I was in the army of Gates, and attached to the brigade of General Poor, in the left wing of the army, which was under the immediate command of General Arnold, and was in both battles previous to the capture of Burgoyne. " After this our brigade was ordered to join General Washington, at White Marsh, where the army went into Winter quarters at Valley Forge ; what it there suffered is too well known to need any description from my pen. "The next campaign the British left Philadelphia. I was attached to the light infantry regiment commanded by Colonel Cilley, and acted as Adjutant during our pursuit of the enemy in their retreat through Jersey, until we overtook them at Monmouth. " In that battle our regiment encountered the 42d Highlanders and 2d Battalion of British Guards ; making but two fires we went through their line with the bayonet, and made tremendous slaughter. Colonels Dearborn and Willett, if alive, can testify to this fact. 206 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. "After this the army moved on to White Plains, where I was attached to a regiment of light infantry, commanded by Colonel Richard Butler. During this period we had a little affair with a Hessian corps of horse and foot, at Uobb s Ferry, where we surprised them early in the morning. It was so arranged that my company or platoon was stationed below thirty or forty of the enemy, whom I completely stopped by charging bayonets, and killed and took prisoners more than my command. I was highly complimented by Colonel Butler on this occasion. The ensuing Winter the New York troops were chiefly ordered up on the Mohawk River ; the 4th New York Regiment, to which I belonged, was stationed at Canajoharie. " Early in the Spring I, then commanding a company of light infantry, was ordered to join a corps at Fort Schuyler, which was then commanded by Colonels Van Schaick and Willett, for the purpose of pursuing an expedition against the Onondaga Nation. We completely surprised them, killed many and took upward of thirty prisoners. This was as severe service as any I encountered during the war, for the number of days ; it was the middle of April, 1779, the Winter was just breaking up, and the snow still covered the ground. On our return to quarters at Canajoharie our regiment, together with several other regi ments which joined us at that place, was put under the command of General James Clinton. This army, consisting of about two thousand five hundred men, left the Mohawk with two hundred bateaux, and conveyed them across the country to Otsego Lake. The outlet of this lake we dammed, and remained there about six weeks. This country was then an entire wilderness. " From this place we proceeded down the Susquehanna River with our two hundred boats, loaded with men and provisions, with the exception of the light infantry and rifle corps, which, under the command of Colonel William Butler, acted as a guard to the boats. I was with the light infantry, which marched on the right flank, until we arrived at Tioga River, a branch of the Susquehanna ; here we met with General Sullivan with an army equal to our own, who took the command of the whole. From this we proceeded through the Indian country, after a battle fought at Newtown, where we defeated the whole of the Six Nations, with some British troops. " After this battle there was a report from the Commissary that the provisions were short to complete the expedition, in consequence of which the army agreed unanimously to live on short allowance, which we did for forty days, by which means the campaign was completed by destroy ing the Indian country to Seneca town, beyond the Genesee River. " During this expedition the army suffered very much. When we returned to the Susque hanna my First Lieutenant, who was left there, and with whom I had served three campaigns before, did not recognize me, so much was I reduced. " The Winter of 1779-80 the army under General Washington cantoned back of Morristown, New Jersey, and suffered much from the want of provisions. In the campaign of 1780 I commanded a light infantry company, and served under General La Fayette. In this year the New York Line of five regiments was reduced to two, the first commanded by Colonel Van Schaick, and the second by General Van Courtlandt ; to the latter of which I was attached, and served in it the residue of the war. " During the Winter of 1780-81 our regiment was stationed at Fort Schuyler. In the September of 1781 the two New York regiments were ordered down to Virginia, and aided at Yorktown in capturing the British Army under C ornwallis. The New York troops escorted the last of the British troops to Fredericksburg ; from thence we proceeded to New Jersey, and it was not until January, 1782, that we arrived at our ground for cantonment, on the Highlands or mountains back of Pompton, for Winter quarters. This was a very severe Winter until February. " The ensuing campaign the army under General Washington remained chiefly at Verplanck s Point, and late in the Fall the whole army went into Winter quarters, and cantoned back of New Windsor and Newburgh. There the army was disbanded, and I with the rest, in the Summer of 1783- THEOD. FOWLER." His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. THEODOSIUS OLIVER FOWLER, his only son, was admitted in 1843, and died in 1861, having been Assistant Treasurer in 1850. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 207 THEODOSIUS AUGUSTUS FOWLER, grandson and son of the last was admitted in 1862. He died without male issue in 1882. DE GRASSE BOSTWICK FOWLER, grandson and brother of the last, was admitted in 1885. JOSEPH FR1LICK Lieutenant 2d New York Regiment. Appointed Lieutenant of the Seventh Company 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt s. Honorably discharged the service, with his regiment, on the 3d of Novem ber, 1783. His name appears on the Half Pay Roll. JOHN FURMAN Lieutenant \st New York Regiment. He appears to have been prominent as an early patriot in Dutchess County, being a signer, and one of those selected to procure signatures to " the Asso ciation," to prepare for the contest through which he served. Was commissioned as Second Lieutenant of the Third Company of the 5th New York Regiment Colonel Lewis Du Bois on the 2ist of November, 1776. Taken prisoner at Fort Montgomery on the 6th of October, 1777, being then a Lieutenant of the Fifth Company of the ist New York Regiment Van Schaick s. He served through the war, and at its close was honorably discharged the service, with his regiment, on the 3d of November, 1783. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. DANIEL GANO Captain- Lieutenant New York Artillery. Born in North Carolina on the nth of November, 1758. He was the second son of the Reverend John Gano, the Brigade Chaplain, Appointed Second Lieutenant of the ist Regiment New York Continental Infantry Colonel McDougall s on the 28th of June, 1775, and served in the 20 8 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Canada Campaign \Kjth it. Recommended to the New York Convention by Captain Richard Varick on the 28th of October, 1776, for continuance in the army on its reorganization. Lieutenant Pelton, in his report, alludes to him as follows : " AT POINT LEVI. Battery began to play 3d April, four 12 pounders, now three, a Bomb Battery on Heights of Abraham, snow seven feet deep. Mott well. Hughes with him. Gano well. Goforth very fat, at Three Rivers, not more than a Company there in the Regiment, Goforth more respected and feared than any man there. Heard at Camp that Troops left Boston I4th April Canadians expect vessels from 4th to loth May, this year soth May. That General Schuyler is driving with great spirit, has seen nothing like him. Nicholson at Quebec when he came away Arnold recruiting, Clinton well. Must storm, 350 in all, winter Blockade Carleton 12 or 14. Met General Thomas 22d April between Ticonderoga and Crown Pt. General Wooster paid hard money at Montreal. Yorkers paid in paper before Quebec, that they are very cautious how recommendations (for promotion) are given to New York officers. Nicholson appointed Lieutenant Colonel of the Canada Regiment. Passed Romans at Stillwater, Captain Sloan last thursday week, left about 400 there, about 600 at Ticonderoga nothing new at Crown Point. Captain Tew lent his boat to bring Colonel Arnold to Ticonderoga Captain Tew was sent to Crown Point and remains on board of Sloop Enterprize, under command of Halsey a lawyer, and Commodore Matthews in the Schooner Atkinson, who is now with Sloan, has been 12 or 13 years at the Lake." Appointed Second Lieutenant 5th Regiment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel Lewis Du Bois on the 26th of June, 1776, but resigned, with Lieu tenants Aorson, Platt, Pearse and Van Wagenen, in July, 1776, on finding that they would be ranked by juniors.* Reappointed Second Lieutenant Colonel Henry Knox s Regiment of Conti nental Artillery i4th of September, 1776. Honorably discharged, with his regiment, by expiration of service, 3ist of December, 1776. He was subsequently appointed Captain-Lieutenant 2d Regiment Conti nental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb ist of January, 1777, and again honorably discharged at his own request. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN GANO Brigade Chaplain Neiv York Brigade. Bom at Hopewell, N. J., 22d of July, 1727. Died at Frankfort, Kentucky, roth of August, 1804. His ancestors, Francois Ganeaux and son Stephen, French Huguenots, emigrated from Guernsey, and settled at New Rochelle, N. Y., where the name * See the biographical sketch of Aorson, THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 2OQ became Anglicized. Daniel, the son of Stephen, was the father of the Chaplain. He commenced his career in Virginia, and continued his calling in New Jersey and the Carolinas. In December, 1760, he was called to the Baptist Church in Philadelphia, and in 1761 collected the first Baptist Congregation together in New York City, and became their pastor. On the breaking out of the Revolution he was appointed the Chaplain of the 7th Connecticut Continental Infantry Colonel Charles Webb on the ist of January, 1776. This regiment, at the request of Washington, volunteered for six weeks additional service, when he was offered by its Colonel and officers and those willing to serve again an appointment in the new regiment in which they were seeking to enlist; but having been tendered the Chaplaincy of Colonel Lewis Du Bois 5th New York Continental Infantry, already completed and stationed at Fort Montgomery, he accepted it, and was commissioned on the 2ist of November, 1776. The following from Leake s Memoirs of Colonel Lamb shows his ability as a soldier as well as a Chaplain : " Colonel Lamb, after the investment of the Fort, was ordered by Governor Clinton to the water batteries where a heavy attack had begun, sustained by a part of the enemies flotilla which had approached within striking distance. While busily engaged in the defence a drummer boy afterward General Godwin, of Paterson, N. J. finding his vocation of little use accosted Colonel Lamb and begged that he might have a musket. On account of his youth, and presumed inex perience, he was at first refused, but the little fellow cried so with vexation and disappointment that Colonel Lamb ordered him to be supplied with arms, and side by side, with the Reverend Mr. Gano the Chaplain, he waited the advance of the storming party . * * * * The defenders of the Fort were much scattered, and part of the parapet on the opposite side had been scaled and in possession of the enemy. The Reverend and valiant Chaplain having ascertained this, and that the defences, on Lamb s side, would soon be assailed in the rear, advised him of the fact : r orders were given to cut their way through the enemy. This was done and rushing down the outside of the parapet a part of the garrison, Lamb sword in hand at their head, escaped." Promoted on the i8th of August, 1778, Chaplain of General James Clinton s New York Continental Brigade, and marched with it, cooperating with General Sullivan in his expedition to rebuke the ravages of Brant and Butler s followers in the victory of Newtown. He prepared a narrative in 1790 of his own career, which was published by his son, the Reverend Stephen Gano, an honorary member of this Society, from which Mr. Henry T. Drowne has furnished me the following : " Dr. Gano was delayed from terminating his military services at the surrender of Vorktown, tarrying on the way, by General Clinton s orders, to minister to a sick Aide-de-Camp." When peace was agreed upon by Congress on the nth of April, 1783, General Washington, on the 2ist, through Colonel David Humphrey, announced 2IO THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. its general proclamation to Sir Guy Carleton, the British commander, but General Heath, in his Memoirs, says : " It was settled exactly eight years after the battle of Lexington, and its announcement, before the army, on the igth April, at noon. The proclamation of Congress for a cessation of hostilities was read at the door of the New Building followed by three huzzas, a prayer by the Reverend Mr. Gano, and an anthem sung and performed by vocal as well as instrumental music." Honorably discharged November 3d, [783, with his brigade. In 1784 he was elected a member of the Standing Committee of this State Society. He subsequently became a Regent of the New York University and a Trustee of Columbia College. In the year 1778, removing to Kentucky, he labored for the Lord until he was called away by his Maker. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. PETER GANSEVOORT Colonel $d New York Regiment. Born at Albany, N. Y., i7th of July, 1749. Died 2d of July, 1812. He was one of the many officers of the New York I ine who could recall the patriotism and achievements of their forefathers in the Low Countries in its defence against the invasions of the Spaniards, Austrians, Italians and the sea. Appointed by Congress on the igth of July, 1775, Major of the 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s and immediately joined in the brilliant campaign of Montgomery to Canada. Promoted to be Lieutenant-Colonel of his regiment on the ipth of March, 1776, and on the 3oth of the following July appears, from a letter addressed to the Convention in New York, as in command at Fort George at the mouth of the Niagara River, supervising the falling back of our troops. On the 22d of October, 1776, he was one of the Committee of Safety, where at the Saratoga Headquarters (Schuyler s house), rearranging the New York Line, it was agreed " that General Schuyler should pay one thousand dollars into the hands of Colonel Gansevoort, to be repaid by the Committee ; the Colonel to pay the money out in one hundred dollars at a payment to the recruiting Captain." Promoted to be Colonel of the 3d New York Regiment on the 2ist of November, 1776. In April, 1777, he took command of Fort Schuyler (which was built by Colonel Dayton in June, 1776, by orders of General Schuyler, near the remains of the old fort built in 1758, by Brigadier-General John Stanwix, to protect that important Oneida carrying place), and gallantly defended it THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 211 against the British and Indians under Colonel Barry St. Leger, who arrived on the 3d of August, 1777. On the morning of the 6th inst. Brigadier-General Nicholas Herkimer, with the Tryon County Militia hastening to his relief, was unfortunately wounded and his forces defeated in the engagement in the swamp at Oriskany, and on the same day, in order to effect a division in his favor, Lieutenant-Colonel Marinus Willett made his successful sally from the fort, destroying the camp of the enemy and capturing all his stores and baggage. On the roth inst. General Schuyler sent Colonel Gansevoort the following letter from Albany : " DEAR COLONEL: A body of troop left yesterday and others are following to raise the siege of Fort Schuyler. Every body here believes you will defend it to the last, and I strictly enjoin you so to do. General Burgoyne is at Fort Edward, our army at Stillwater, great re-enforcements coming from the Eastward, and we trust, all will be well and that the enemy will be repulsed." On the gth inst. Colonel Gansevoort sent the following reply to St. Leger s demand to surrender the fort : " SIR : In answer to your letter of this days date, I have only to say that it is my deter mined resolution, with the forces under my command to defend this Fort at every hazard to the last extremity, in behalf of the United American States who have placed me here to defend it against all their enemies I have the honor to be Sir " Your most obedient and humble Servant " PETER GANSEVOORT, " Colonel Commanding, &c." When General Arnold arrived on the 24th inst., St. Leger and his savages fled in confusion, thus preventing their marching in triumph, and recruiting all the way down the Mohawk Valley as was anticipated by the British, and cooperating with Burgoyne before Albany, in the enemy s attempt to open the Hudson River. Colonel Gansevoort in thus holding the fort, contrib uted essentially to the embarrassment and defeat of the latter, and received the thanks of Congress. In the Spring of 1779 he was ordered to join General Sullivan in the Western Expedition, where he distinguished himself by surprising the Lower Mohawk Castle and capturing the Indians in their stronghold. In 1781 the State of New York appointed him a Brigadier-General, entrust ing him with the responsible duties as Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the fortifying the frontiers. Colonel Gansevoort married Catharina Van Schaick, by whom he had five sons and one daughter, Maria Mrs. Melville. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. 212 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. HERMAN GANSEVOORT, his eldest son, was admitted in 1813, dying in March, 1862, at his residence in Saratoga County, without issue.* BENJAMIN GILBERT Lieutenant isf New York Regiment. Appointed Ensign in the ist New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s 2ist of November, 1776, for which he was recommended by Colonel John Lasher, then commanding the ist New York Battalion. Promoted to be Lieutenant of the Sixth Company in the same regiment. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. AQUILA GILES Staff rank of Major, Aide- de- Camp. The following sketch contributed by Mr. T. Bailey Myers. > Died 8th of April, 1822. While little is now accessible as to the early life of this once prominent character, and no record to define even his military career, more than ordinary research has been amply rewarded in collecting chips of intelligence washed ashore in the flow of his later useful life, sufficient even now to make it articulate. Mr. William Kilby, of the New York Historical Society, states that one Captain Arthur Helme, commanding the private armed cruiser "Ranger," sailed, in 1746, in the old French war, against the uncomfortably near enemy of the British Colonies. That marrying Jane Appleby, their second child, Frances, in May, 1759, became the wife of Samuel Giles, and that their two sons, Aquila and James, were the subjects of notice here. That their mother, when a widow, married Garret Roorback, who, in June, 1776, was Barrack- Master in New York, and perhaps influenced their military career. This, as to Major Giles, cannot be traced by regimental records, and it is evident that as his manhood and the culmination of the long-pending differences between the Home Government and her Colonies chanced to mature at the same time, he sought service at once, as is often usual with * Peter Gansevoort, youngest brother of Herman, was admitted as a life member in 1858, under the resolution of 1857. He died in 1876. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 213 gentlemen, in staff duty and under appointment in orders. He is early found as Aide-de-Camp to Major-General Arthur St. Clair " An English officer serving in the French war in America, of the Caithness family in Scot land, and a grandson of the Earl of Roslyn, but who had found a stronger influence to remain in America and assume her cause by marrying the daughter of Belshazza Bayard and Mary Bowdoin of Boston, half sister of the Governor. " St. Clair came with Boscowan s fleet in 1758, and after serving with Amherst and Wolfe, settled in Pennsylvania, surrounded by the comforts his fortune and position afforded. He entered the service at the outbreak of the Revolution, rose rapidly to Major- Genera I, and served with varied fortune but reputation." The selection by him of Giles as one of his military family, evidenced his culture and the promise which the young aspirant later fulfilled. Giles rank in the army, or staff position, was not such as to command much notice in cotemporary history, and was naturally included in that of his chief. There are doubtless details of his service scattered in private collections of manuscripts, those quiet conservators of material for future printed detail which constantly supply them and make history reliable, when consulted in an age more generally intent on its present than upon details of its growth and existence. His early presence at the depot of prisoners at Flatbush, L. I., is an evidence of service in the field and disaster ; but whether taken at the battle of Long Island, its sequence, the capture of Fort Washington, or detached duty, is not found. In General J. Watson Webb s memorial of his father, Colonel Samuel B. Webb, originally of the Connecticut State Society, may be found allusion to the manner in which an unfortunately collected group of gallant young soldiers passed their enforced leisure there, intent on finding pleasure even in disaster. As an example, Webb s friend and Adjtitant Hopkins, writing him on the 7th of March, 1779, while absent on a brief visit to his home, and giving local details, such as is enjoyable to youth, says : " Major Giles will be able to inform you respecting the half-way house (probably Colonel William Axtell s mansion), and Limboshire, a pseudonym for their place of bondage." One of these was doubtless the detail of the attraction he was finding at " Melrose Hall," the stately and extended mansion of Axtell, the local magnate who had married the daughter of Colonel Abraham De Peyster (then still a great power of the State), at times as President of the Council, Acting Governor, Chief-Justice of the Colony, Mayor of the City, and from estate and family influence occupying as many actual positions as those now delineated by the fictive and evanescent " Mikado." Colonel Axtell was also a member of the Provincial Council, 1773-5. Com manded a regiment in the British service, and was so entrusted with the custody of those prisoners located on or about the Georgian mansion, and finely culti- 214 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. vated estate, where he resided with his family, surrounded by the evidences of prosperity. Included in this was Miss Eliza Shipton, the attractive niece, who became so interested in Major Giles, the prepossessing young rebel, again cap tured by her charms, as to cause his exclusion from the mansion. But love again "laughed at the locksmith," and on the 3oth of October, 1780 ten days before his exchange they were privately married. Other losses followed her uncle. On the 22d of October, 1779, tne Legislature of the Colony, under the new Government, had passed an " Act of attainder," levelled at the property of the adherents of the old. In it is a list of fifty-nine loyalists, with Lord Dunmore and General Tryon, recent royal Governors, at the head, and " Sir Henry Clinton, Knight of the Bath," at the foot, as owners of property in the State, and the others all prominent in its early history. Colonel William Axtell is found in the eighth place. It was a harsh use of power, falling upon many with whom loyalty to the flag under which they were born, even when upheld to cover some oppressions, was a sentiment, and has not been a precedent when in later warfare the position was changed. This Colonel Axtell did not go to the block as did his ancestor, with opposite convictions, on the restoration of Charles the II., but passed into exile. When the Commissioners of Forfeiture sold his estate, on the 2ist of October, 1784, by a turn of the weather-cock of life, Colonel Giles became the purchaser of the once occluded mansion, and resided in luxury upon the scene of his captivity, until June, 1809, as an important rural citizen. The exhuma tion of most of these facts is due to the labors of the indefatigable Stiles in his interesting " Kings County and Brooklyn." By a coincidence, General St. Clair was at Amboy on the gth of March, 1780, negotiating the cartel, in which his Aide-de-Camp was included. Whether he was with his chief when one of Major Andre s judges in the same autumn, or in the next year in suppressing the mutiny of the Pennsylvania Line, suffer ing from delayed pay at Yorktown, or in the South cooperating with General Greene, as is probable, private sources do not disclose. History, in its neces sary condensation, like the astrologer in tracing the comet, overlooks the astroloids. Nor can the period be fixed at which, as is claimed, he acted temporarily as Aide-de-Camp to Washington. Such temporary service of many officers is admittedly omitted in the printed lists. He is recalled as an efficient officer, a man of intelligence, and of attractive presence and manner, all valued with other elements by an experienced com mander in the selection of his staff, verifying the adage, " Show me the man and I will tell you the company he keeps." He held many positions incident to these qualifications, representing Queens County in the Legislature from 1788 to 92 ; was trustee of the old St. Anne s Church in Brooklyn after the THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 215 reorganization in 1787, and vestryman in 1797 ; a trustee of Erasmus Hall in Flatbush from 1787 ; an active patron of the Kings County Agricultural Society ; and Marshal of the United States Court (a position of great honor) from 4th of May, 1792, to 22d of December, 1800 ; Lieutenant- Colonel of Kings County Militia, 1795 ; a special trustee for preserving peace in New York, 28th of February, 1810 ; Major-General of Cavalry there from 2d of March, 1814. He was Vice-President in 1797 and from 1810 to 1821, a mem ber of the Standing Committee of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati. The following is the notice of his funeral from the "Commercial Adver- tizer " : " GENERAL ORDER. NEW YORK, gth April, 1822. " The members of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati are requested to attend the funeral of Major A qui la Giles, from his late residence, No. 70 Varick St., this afternoon at 4 o clock. The usual badge of mourning will be worn for 30 days. Afajor Giles was a highly meritorious officer during our Revolutionary war, and had the honor of an appointment as Aide- de-Camp to Major-General St. Clair. By order of "D. E. DUNSCOMB, Secretary. RICHARD VARICK, President. " N. B. The officers of the United States Army, the officers of the Cavalry in uniform, of which he was formerly the Major- General, are particularly requested to attend his remains to the grave, as likewise those of the artillery and infantry generally. " Major- Generals Mapes and Laight of the 2d and 3d Divisions request their officers to unite, and Major-General Morton and Brigadier-General Stevens order their artillery commands to direct details for Major-General Giles obsequies." His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll.* JAMES GILES Lieutenant Neiv York Artillery. Died in August, 1825. Resided in New York City. He entered the service, in 1778, as a Commis sary of Military Stores to the Artillery. Appointed Second Lieutenant in the 2d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s on the 2ist of July, 1779, serving in Captain George Fleming s Company, and as Adjutant of the same on the 2ist of August, 1782. He associated with the New Jersey State Society of the Cincinnati on the 4th of July, 1789, upon his removal to that State after the war, and became a Brigadier-General of the Militia and the Clerk of the County of Cumberland. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. * William Ogden Giles, his youngest grandson, represents him in the Society, having been admitted in 1860 as a life member under the resolution of 1857. 2l6 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. JAMES GILLILAND Captain Sappers and Miners. Expelled from the Society on the 8th of July, 1790.* He came from the vicinity of Lake Champlain. Appointed Lieutenant in the New York Provincial Artillery Company Captain Alexander Hamilton i4th of March, 1776. Promoted to be Captain- Lieutenant of the same on the 26th of December, 1776, and on the same day General Washington, in General Orders from Headquarters at Moore s house, West Point, ordered him to report for duty to Brigadier-General (the Chevalier] Du Pcrtail, Chief of the Corps of Engineers. He is said to have been present at the affair at New York with the British ship "Asia," the battles of Long Island, Harlem Heights, White Plains, the retreat through the Jerseys, the surprise of the Hessians at Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth and Yorktown, and at White Marsh from the 5th to the 8th of December, 1777, and in camp at Valley Forge from ipth of December, 1777, to i8th of June, 1778. The following General Order from General Washington was dated from Headquarters, gth of June, 1778 : " Three Captains and Nine Lieutenants are wanted to officer the Company of Sappers. As this Corps will be a School of Engineering, it opens a prospect to such gentlemen as enter it, and will pursue the necessary studies with diligence, of becoming Engineers, and rising to the important employment attached to that profession, such as the direction of fortified places, &c. The qualifications required of the Candidates are, that they be natives, and have a knowledge of the mathematics and drawing, and are disposed to apply themselves to these studies. They will give in their names at head quarters." This appears to have been the origin of the Military School at West Point, and James Gilliland was transferred to it with the rank of Captain on the ad of August, 1779, as we ll as Captains Jonathan Lawrence and Peter Taulman. The following is a letter from the Paymaster-General : " NEW YORK, 2d August, 1785. " SIR: The Commissioners for settling the army accounts, to whom was referred the petition of James Gilliland, late a Captain in the Corps of Sappers and Miners, beg leave to report, That notwithstanding Captain Gilliland has stated in his petition that he served in the army to the end of the war, it appears by the returns of the Corps and by the records of the War Office, that he resigned his commission on the gth of October, 1782, which resignation, in the opinion of your Commissioners, debars him of the benefits of the Resolution of Congress of the i6th of September, 1776, granting lands, and of 2ist October, 1780, granting Half-pay for life to such officers as shall continue in service to the end of the war : that there is still due to James Gilliland some arrears of pay and Subsistence, Certificates for which will be issued to him on his application. " I have the honor to be your obedient servant, JOHN PIERCE." " President of Congress." * See ante, page 96. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 217 CHARLES GRAHAM Captain $d New York Regiment. Died in 1797, unmarried. He was the son of James Graham and Arabella Morris, and prominent in the organization for Independence in Dutchess County, N. Y. On the 5th of July, 1775, he and Henry Sherburne were the Sub-Committee who presented the names of the Associators, and signed for the North East Precinct. Appointed First Lieutenant in the 4th Regiment New York Continental Infantry Colonel James Holmes on the 28th of June, 1775. Resigned his commission as Lieutenant in Captain Smith s company in August, 1776. In the minutes of the Committee of Arrangements, ist of January, 1777, is the following : " Timothy Smith, Ensign, told the Chairman that he declined serving, and Joshua Hubbard, a good looking young fellow, desires to be put in his room. Said Hubbard was a Corporal in Captain Charles Graham s Company, and from Suffolk County." Appointed Captain of the Third Company of the 2d Regiment Continental Infantry Colonel Van Cortlandt s under the new arrangement by the State Convention, 2ist of November, 1776, and subsequently transferred to the 3d Regiment. He continued for six years in the service, until deranged in 1780 by act of Congress. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. CHARLES GRAHAM,* his nephew, and eldest son of John Graham who was an Aide de-Camp to Governor Clinton, and the younger brother of Captain Charles, was admitted in 1819. He married Sarah M. Hunter, and died on the 1 2th of February, 1838. He was the Secretary of this Society for many years. JOHN HUNTER GRAHAM, eldest son of the last, was admitted in 1842, and died without issue in 1854. CHARLES GRAHAM, the next eldest, brother of John Hunter Graham and the great-nephew of Captain Charles, was admitted, in the succession, in i8 5 6.f * See ante, page 103. f William Irving Graham, a younger brother of Charles Graham and for several years Secre tary of this Society, was admitted in 1860 as a life member under the resolution of 1857. He died in 1871. 2l8 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. JOHN GRAHAM Major \st New York Regiment. Died yth of May, 1832. He appears in the State Records as an active patriot and Associator in Orange County, First Lieutenant of the Ulster County Militia in Colonel Levi Pawling s Regiment, serving with Brigadier-General George Clinton in March, 1777, and recommended by him, as a Captain for a position in the standing army. He had served as such in the Canada campaign, in the 2d Regiment of the New York Continental Infantry Colonel Van Schaick s from 27th of June, 1775, and was appointed its Major, in orders of General James Clinton, camp at Canajoharie Creek, i9th of June, 1779. His commission is claimed to be ante-dated from the 26th of March, 1779. He led the advance of Colonel Van Schaick s Regiment in the expedition against the Onondagas. From Albany General James Clinton writes to his brother the Governor, on the i5th of June, 1779 : " I have ordered Colonel Van Schaick to repair to this place to take command, in order to prevent the difficulties which may arise in this particular during my absence : this I was more inclined to do as Captain John Graham is appointed Major of said Regiment." His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. STEPHEN GRAHAM Surgeon s Mate. He was stationed at the Hospital huts at New Windsor. In the proceedings of the Provincial Congress of New York, on the 26th of November, 1778, is the following: " Whereas the Convention are informed that about 100 Soldiers belonging to Colonel Brad- ley s Regiment from Connecticut, under the care of Lieutenant -3 , are come to this place (Fishkill), without orders, some of whom are said to be sick, and application being made to the Committee to provide a Physician for them : Resolved, That Doctor Graham be authorized to visit and take care of said sick soldiers for three days. That a letter be immediately despatched to General Heath, informing him of the above circumstances, and that he will give his directions for disposing of such of the men of the said Regiment now at this place, as are in health, and for taking care of the sick." His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 2IQ SILAS GRAY Captain $th New York Regiment. Died i Qth of January, 1820. The following is from the State Records : "On the 20th of December, 1775, in the Committee of Arrangements at Fishkill, Mr. Gansevoort recommends Silas Gray (then an Ensign serving in 1775) as a good officer, and is worthy the notice of the Committee, that Colonel Gansevoort would be happy in having him appointed a Second Lieutenant in his 3d Battalion. " He was so commissioned on the 2oth of January, 1776, but was transferred in 1777 to the 4th Battalion Colonel James Holmes. Promoted to be Lieutenant in the 4th New York Regiment Colonel Henry B. Livingston on the i3th of March, 1777. Afterward promoted to be Captain in the same. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roil.* JOHN WHEELWRIGHT GREATON Ensign $d Massachusetts Regiment. Born Boston, 1761. Died at New York in February, 1815, unmarried. His father, Reverend James Greaton, was the Rector of Christ s Church, Boston, in 1759. Appointed Ensign in Colonel John Greaton s 3d Massachusetts Regiment i6th of July, 1782. He was an original member of the Massachusetts State Society, but trans ferred in 1796 to New York, "so long as he lived in the State." His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN WHEELWRIGHT GREATON, his nephew, was admitted to represent him in 1860. He served on the Standing Committee as Assistant Treasurer and as a delegate to the triennial meetings of the Society for many years. JOHN GREEN Captain United States Navy. He was commissioned on the loth of October, 1776, and promoted to be Captain in the Continental Navy on the nth of February. 1778. Was honorably discharged nth of April, 1783, having served to the end of the war. * John Franklin Gray, M.D. , for many years Physician of this Society, was admitted in 1860 as a life member under the resolution of 1857. He died in 1882. 220 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. JAMES GREGG Captain ist New York Regiment. Was appointed Second Lieutenant 3d Regiment New York Continental Infantry Colonel Clinton s 26. of August, 1775. Served in Canada, and was with that rank at times connected with the regiments of both Colonels Van Schaick and Du Bois, until promoted to be Captain in the former s ist New York Regiment on the 2ist of November, 1776. An incident of his subsequent extended service in that command is recorded in " Dr. Thatcher s Military Journal " : "Before Fort Schuyler was invested by St. Leger, the Indians in small parties annoyed the garrison, and frequently attacked individuals when away from their dwellings. On one occasion they fired upon three little girls who were out gathering blackberries : two were killed and scalped, but the third escaped. The remarkable adventure of Captain Gregg is worthy of notice. He was on duty in the garrison and went out to shoot pigeons, with two of his soldiers and a boy named Wilson, who became an Ensign in the army at the age of eighteen and conducted the surrender of the British standards at Yorktown. Fearing the Indians the boy was sent back. They had not proceeded far before some savages in ambush shot all three down, scalped them and made off. The Captain, though badly wounded, was not killed. His two soldiers, however, were lifeless, and laying his bleeding head upon the body of one of them, he expected soon to die. His dog had accompanied him, and in great agitation, whined, licked his wounds and otherwise manifested his grief and attachment. He told the dog to go for help, and the animal, as if endowed with reason, at once obeyed. He ran about a mile and found two men fishing. By piteous moans he induced them to follow him to his wounded master. The Captain was carried to the Fort, and after suffering much was restored to health. The writer says, He was a most frightful spectacle. 1 he whole of his scalp was removed, in two places on the fore part of his head the tomahawk had penetrated the skull, there was a wound on his back with the same instrument, besides a wound in his side, and another through his arm with a musket ball. " His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JAMES GRIER Lieutenant-Colonel $d Pennsylvania Regiment. > He was an original member of the Pennsylvania State Society pf the Cin cinnati, but affiliated with the New York State Society in 1787. Appointed First Lieutenant in Colonel William Thompson s Battalion of Pennsylvania Riflemen, in June z 1775, and promoted to be Captain of the same in March, 1776, it being subsequently known as the ist Regiment Pennsylvania Continental Infantry Colonel Edward Hand his commission dating from 25th of October, 1775. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 221 Promoted to be Major of the loth Regiment Pennsylvania Continental Infantry Colonel Richard Humpton 23d of October, 1777. Transferred to the 6th Regiment Pennsylvania Continental Infantry, with his Colonel, on incorporation and reduction of the Pennsylvania Line, i7th of January, 1781. Transferred again, on a further reduction and incorporation, to the 3d Regiment Pennsylvania Continental Infantry Colonel Richard Butler ist of January, 1783- Appointed Lieutenant-Colonel (by brevet) on the 3oth of September, 1783. Honorably discharged the service, with his regiment, 3d of November, 1783, having been wounded at the Battle of Brandywine on the nth of September, 1777. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN GRIER Lieutenant 6th Pennsylvania -Regiment. Appointed First Lieutenant 6th Regiment Pennsylvania Continental Infantry Colonel William Irvine gth of January, 1776, and was assigned to Captain Samuel Hay s Company, and was taken prisoner, with a number of his com pany, on the 24th of July, 1776, at Grand Isle, Canada. Having been rendered supernumerary by reason of his capture on the northern frontier, he was, on exchange, placed on leave of absence, and honor ably discharged the service about the ist of June, 1779. He was enrolled in the New York State Society of the Cincinnati in 1786. ISAAC GUION Captain-Lieutenant New York Artillery. Born at New Rochelle, N. Y. Died at Natchez, Mississippi, February, 1825. He was a member of Captain John Bedell s Company of Minute Men, in Roundout Precinct, Dutchess County, on the i2th of September, 1775. The action of that company on that day appears worthy of mention as one of the indices of the regard for traditional usages and of the division in senti ment that existed when the coming Revolution demanded radical changes. " At a meeting of the Militia, under the command of Captain John Bedell, the persons here- under named were chosen as Military Officers, out of the said Company by Eighteen persons, who are the number in the said Company that have Signed the Association. The remainder of the Company including officers, being against the measures recommended by Congress for regulating the Militia, voted unanimously for old officers who held their commissions under Government, 222 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. (the names of whom you have also hereunto annexed,) Captain, Andrew Hill ; First Lieutenant, Cornelius Brinckerhoff ; Second Lieutenant, Francis Wayman ; Ensign, Abraham La Doux. * Signed, HENRY SCHENCK, WILLIAM VAN WYCK, Persons who presided at the election." This appears in the State Records, signed by Isaac Guion with seventy- eight other malcontent members of the company. He served as a volunteer in Canada, but was there, on the i3th of April, 1776, appointed, by Brigadier- General David Wooster, Second Lieutenant of Captain Derrick Hansen s Company of Colonel John Nicholson s Regiment, New York Continental Infantry. He served until honorably discharged, with his regiment, on the i5th of October, 1776. Appointed Second Lieutenant 2d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s ist of January, 1777, in which he served until the ist of January, 1781. Having in the meanwhile been promoted, on the 2 ist of August, 1780, to be Captain- Lieutenant, he was transferred to Captain John Doughty s Company of Artillery. Honorably discharged the service, with a portion of his regiment, on the ist of January, 1784, and then returned to his home at New Rochelle, N. Y. Appointed Captain 3d Regiment United States Infantry on the i6th of March, 1792 ; transferred to the 3d Sub-Legion on the 20* of September follow ing, and then rearranged in the 3d United States Infantry in reforming the regiment on the ist of November, 1796. Appointed Brigade-Inspector on the ist of November, 1799, an ^ served to the ist of October, 1801. Promoted to be Major 3d United States Infantry on the i5thT>f February, 1801. Honorably discharged the service on reduction of the army on the ist of June, 1802, and settled in Natchez, Miss. Appointed United States Surveyor and Inspector of Revenue, at that place, in March, 1821, which office he held until his decease. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. HOYSTEED HACKER Captain United States Navy. Died July, 1814. He was commissioned a Lieutenant in the navy by Congress on the 22d of December, 1775, and on the loth of October, 1776, as a Captain. In the destruction attending the fire at the British occupation of Wash ington many records were lost. An application to the recently organized THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 223 Office of Naval Intelligence in the Navy Department fails to open any further facts than that he commanded, in 1776, the United States Schooner " Fly " (8 guns), and afterwards the United States Brig " Providence" (12 guns). He was admitted to the Society in 1790*, and received assistance from the fund until his death. MORDECAI HALE Surgeon s Mate. Died 9th of December, 1832. He was admitted by the New York State Society on the 4th day of July, 1819, upon condition of his paying one month s pay into the fund and subscrib ing his name to the Institution, in accordance with his request, addressed to Colonel Richard Varick, then President, as follows : " SIR : I have always entertained the highest respect and veneration for the character and patriotism of my Brother Officers of the Revolutionary Army and I was much pleased when it was proposed that they should form a Society, by the name of Cincinnati. It was then my intention to have joined it immediately, and for that purpose I gave a friend of mine an order on the Regimental Agent for one month s pay and requested him to subscribe my name and deposit the month s pay agreeably to the constitution, the latter of which he neglected to do. It has always been my intention however to apply for admittance, but residing in the country and seldom having the amount of one month s pay to spare, I neglected making application until the last year and then not in writing, agreeably to the By -Laws of the Society and of course the subject was not taken into consideration. I now therefor very respectfully solicit you to lay my application before the Society and I confidently hope I shall hereafter not only have the pleasure of associating with them as Brother Officers of the Revolution but also as a Member of the Cincinnati Society. I am Sir very respectfully your obt Serv c - NEW YORK July 4th 1819. M. HALE." On the ist of December following the Society appropriated forty dollars to pay his expenses from New York to Albany and back. JONATHAN HALLETT Captain 2d New York Regiment. He appears to have entered the service in the ist New York Regiment Colonel McDougall in 1775. In the next year he was promoted to be First Lieutenant and Adjutant of the 3d New York Regiment Colonel Ritzema. The field officers recommending him as " A very excellent officer, is Adjutant of the regiment, and will make a very good Captain to which office we recommend him. " * See anie, page 96. 224 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Commissioned Captain of the Third Company 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt s on the 2ist of November, 1776, and appears in the returns of 1779 and 1780 as commanding the Seventh Company. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. LUTHER HALSEY Lieutenant 2d New Jersey Regiment. Died in 1830. He was an original member of the New Jersey State Society of the Cincin nati, but affiliated with the New York in 1801. Sergeant 2d Battalion, First Establishment ; Adjutant 2d Battalion, Second Establishment, 28th of November, 1776 ; Lieutenant and Adjutant in the ad New Jersey Regiment Colonel Israel Shreve pth of November, 1777. Dis charged at the close of the war. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. LUTHER HALSEY, his son, succeeded him in the New Jersey State Society in 1835. ALEXANDER HAMILTON Lieutenant-Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. The following sketch furnished by Alexander Hamilton, Jr. Born on the nth of January, 1757, in the Island of Nevis, West Indies. Died in New York on the i2th of July, 1804.* His father was James Hamilton, fourth son of Alexander Hamilton, of Grange and Cambus-Keith, one of the oldest cadet branches of the Scotch family of Hamilton. His mother was a daughter of a French Huguenot named Faucette. The only surviving child of his parents, his abilities attracted the notice of Mr. Cruger and some generous friends, who sent him to this country to improve his education, and leaving the West Indies he landed in Boston in October, 1772, when he was fifteen years of age. He proceeded to New York, and soon entered a school at Elizabethtown, where he remained about a year, preparing himself for college, and in the Winter of 1774 entered Kings, now Columbia College. * See Aaron Burr. From the original by J. TRUMBULL in possession of CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, N Y. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 225 Before he could complete his collegiate course the troubles preceding the Revolution began, and though only seventeen years of age, he took an active part on the side of opposition to the Crown by pamphlets and speeches to prepare the Colonies for open and armed resistance. He began by study and .drill to qualify himself as a soldier for the conflict, and on the ist of March, 1776. he was appointed Captain of a New York Company of Provincial Artillery. In command of this company he took part in the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, Princeton and the crossing of the Raritan, until March ist, 1777, when he accepted the position of Lieutenant-Colonel and Aide- de-Camp on the staff of General Washington. He served in that capacity until the month of February, 1781, when he resigned the position. His connection with the Army of the Revolution was not closed, however, as he retained his commission, and at the head of a regiment of Light Infantry, with his old friend Nicholas Fish as Major, carried, at the point of the bayonet and in a few minutes, one of the British redoubts at Yorktown, on the i4th of October, 1781. The surrender of Cornwallis virtually ended the military struggle, and Colonel Hamilton, when all chance of further conflict was over, resigned his commission and commenced the practice of the law. His connection with the Army of the United States was not, however, at an end. In 1798, when the conduct of France drove the United States to the verge of hostility, both by sea and land, a large army was authorized, with Washington as General-in-Chief. As one of his conditions, Mr. Hamilton was appointed second in command as Inspector-General, with the rank of Major- General, another of Washington s conditions being that he should not take command personally until the army was called into the field. Upon General Hamilton fell the main duty and labor of organizing this army, a duty which he performed with his usual zeal and intelligence. Upon Washington s death, in 1799, General Hamilton succeeded to the chief command ; but the difficulty with France being settled amicably, the army was soon after disbanded. Colonel Hamilton was one of the earliest members of the Society of the Cincinnati, having signed the roll of the New York State Society as Lieutenant- Colonel and Aide-de-Camp. He was an active member, and took much interest in the Society, acting on committees and preparing reports. The only offices he held in the Society were those of Vice-President of the New York State Society from 1788 to 1793, and of President-General on the death of Washing ton in 1799, which he held until his own. The Cincinnati Society showed their affection for him and regard to his memory by taking charge of his funeral and erecting a marble tablet (see ante, page 102) in Trinity Church, New York, with an inscription, much admired, 226 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. from the pen of the Reverend Doctor John M. Mason. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll.* ALEXANDER HAMILTON, his eldest surviving son,f was admitted by the New York State Society in 1806. He married Eliza Knox, and died at New Brunswick, N. J., on the 2d of August, 1875, without issue. ALEXANDER HAMILTON. Jr., son of James A. Hamilton who was the next surviving son of General Hamilton, was admitted by the New York, State Society as a life member in 1860, under the resolution of 1857. Subse quently, in 1876, at his father s death, he became the hereditary member in the succession of his grandfather. He was chosen Treasurer in 1874, Treasurer General in 1875, and elected, on the 4th of July, 1885, Vice-President of the New York State Society. ABIJAH HAMMOND Lieutenant $(1 Artillery, Massachusetts. Born at Cambridge, Mass., 22d of February, 1757. Died 3oth of December, 1832. In 1776, at the age of nineteen, he joined the Continental Army as a mem ber of Captain Frothingham s Company of Artillery, which had been attached to Colonel John Crane s Regiment formerly Knox s and in the following year, 1777, he was commissioned as a Lieutenant and served as such with his regiment. He was attached to the Adjutant-General s Department under Colonel Scammel, toward the close of the war. * His widow, Elizabeth, the daughter of General Schuyler, survived him over half a century, dying at Washington on the gth of November, 1854, at the age of ninety-seven years and three months. The following reply to this Society s letter to her, addressed to Lieutenant-Colonel William Stephens Smith, then the President, is recorded in the minutes : " ALBANY, August nth, 1804. " SIR : To the distress of a heart so deeply afflicted as mine, from the irreparable loss of a most amiable and affectionate husband, I trust the respectable Society over which you preside will correctly impute the delay of an acknowledgement for their consolatory letter, couched in terms that evince that jheir sympathy emanates from the heart. " Although great mitigation of that affliction, with which I am so severely depressed, can only be hoped from the mercies of the Divine Being, in whose dispensations it is the duty of His creatures humbly and devoutly to acquiesce ; yet the wounded heart derives a degree of consolation from the tenderness with which its lot is bewailed by the virtuous, the wise and the humane, and also from that high honor and respect with which the memory of the dear deceased has been commemorated by them, and those contemplated in the Resolutions of the Society of the Cincinnati, transmitted by you, and for which, you Sir, will be pleased to convey my warmest thanks to that respectable body. I reciprocate with sensibility your and their recommendation of me to the Divine care and protection. May they ever enjoy it and without alloy. " I am, Sir, with great respect, your obedient servant, &c." t General Hamilton s eldest son Philip was killed in a duel with Acker in 1802. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 227 Was present at the battles of Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth and Yorktown, and is said to have been in Fort Schuyler during the siege. At Monmouth he was wounded, once by a sabre cut and again by a musket ball, and at Valley Forge endured the hardships of the Winter of 1777-78. When the army, after the war, was reorganized, Washington tendered him the command of an artillery regiment, which he declined, preferring to pass the remainder of his life at his beautiful and attractive residence on Throgg s Neck, where he died in his seventy-fifth year, universally beloved and esteemed by all who knew him, having served his country well as a brave and intelligent officer. He married Catharine Ogden, and died, leaving three sons and two daughters. This Society elected him their Treasurer in 1793. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. CHARLES HENRY HAMMOND, his eldest son, was admitted in 1843, and died in 1849, unmarried. OGDEN HAMMOND, his second son, was in 1850 admitted by the South Carolina State Society. He died leaving issue a daughter, Mrs. Trenholm Inwood of Charleston, S. C. ALEXANDER HAMILTON HAMMOND, his youngest son, succeeded him in the direct male line, and was admitted by the New York State Society in 1875. He presented the Society, in 1876, with an oil painting of his father in full uniform. See ante, page 130. JOHN FRANCIS HAMTRAMCK Captain 2cl New York Regiment. Born in Canada in 1757. Died at Detroit, Mich., nth of April, 1803. He was Captain of the Light Infantry Company of the 2d New York Regi ment Colonel Van Cortlandt. On the i7th of March, 1777, the Committee of Arrangements, on the recommendation of Colonels Livingston and Gansevoort, appointed him Captain in Colonel Lewis Du Bois Regiment. After the war he was appointed Major of Infantry on the 2gth of Septem ber, 1789; Lieutenant-Colonel Commanding the First Sub-Legion, on the i8th of February, 1793, and Colonel on the ist of April, 1802. He commanded the left wing under Wayne, and on the 2oth of August, 1794, distinguished himself in the victory on the Miami. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. 228 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. FRANCIS HANMOR Lieutenant $th New York Regiment. He was an Associator at Newburgh en the 6th of July, 1775. Appointed Ensign in the 5th New York Regiment Colonel Lewis Du Bois on the 2ist of November, 1776, and subsequently promoted to be a Lieutenant in the same. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. ABRAHAM HARDENBERGH Lieutenant ist New York Regiment. Died in 1795. He was an Associator for Independence at Marbletown, Ulster County, in June, 1775, and served as an Ensign in the ist New York Battalion in that year and until appointed Lieiitenant of the .First Company of the ist New York Regiment on the 2ist of November, 1776. With many other valuable officers he resigned in consequence of the precedence secured by Colonel Du Bois for his own officers over those who had served in Canada. Appointed Deputy Muster-Master to the ist Battalion of the New York forces in the service of the United States in March, 1780. Lossing records the following incident of his services : " At the time of this expedition there were about forty Oneida warriors at Fort Schuyler. These were sent, with a party of regulars under Lieut nants McLellan and Hardenbergh, north ward to attack the Fort at Oswegatchie. This expedition was unsuccessful in its ostensible object, the garrison having been apprised of their approach. It is supposed that the employment of the Oneidas, so far away that they could not notify their kinsman the Onondagas of the invasion, was the principle object of this northern movement and in that it was successful. The Oneidas were really friendly to the patriots, but to their credit it was said, by General Clinton in a letter to General Sullivan, Their attachment to one another is too strong to admit of their being of any service when employed against their fellows. " His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. JOSEPH HARDY > Captain of Marines, United States Navy. He was, on the 25th of June, 1776, appointed Captain of a company in the Marine Corps of the United States Navy, with which he served until honorably discharged the service at the end of the war. In 1790 he made an application to the New York State Society to be admitted to membership, and on the 4th of July of that year he was so elected. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 229 He served from 1805 until 1810 as Secretary. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll as Captain of New York. JOSEPH L. C. HARDY, his son, was in 1820 admitted in the succession, and died in November, 1853. SAMUEL HAY Lieutenant -Colonel (by brevet] Irvine s Pennsylvania Regiment. Died December, 1803. He was commissioned on the gth of January, 1776, a Captain in Colonel William Irvine s Pennsylvania Regiment. Promoted on the 3ist of July, 1777, to be Major of the same, and Lieutenant-Colonel (by brevet] at the termination of the war, after five years service. His residence was in New York ; but upon removing, in 1796, to New Jersey, he met with the Society there. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. PHILIP COURTLAND HAY (Reverend], his son, born in Newark in 1793. succeeded him in the New Jersey State Society, having been admitted in 1826, and elected its Secretary in 1829. He died in 1860. NATHANIEL HENRY Lieutenant 2d New York Regiment. He served in the Canadian expedition in 1776, and was appointed in head quarters, orders before Quebec, on the i5th of April of that year, Second Lieutenant of the Second Company of Colonel John Nicholson s Canada Regi ment. Colonel Van Schaick, writing on the ist of January, 1777,10 Robert Yates, recommends him as follows : " I also recommend Lieutenant Nathaniel Henry, and have by the General s approbation appointed him Lieutenant, and advanced him money. He has already nearly enlisted his com plement of men and is with them on service at Fort George, so that the Committee I hope will not fail to appoint him." He was so commissioned on the 2ist of November, 1776, probably ante dated, for in 1777 he is recorded as a Second Lieutenant in Captain John H. Wendell s Company of Colonel Van Schaick s Regiment. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. 230 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. BENJAMIN HERRING Ensign jst New York Regiment. Died in January, 1809. He was Ensign of the Second Company ist New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll.* ABEL HOLDEN Captain 6th Massachusetts Regiment. Born at Sudbury, Mass., in 1751. Died in New York City on the 2d of August, 1818. He was a member of the Massachusetts State Society, but was transferred to the New York State Society in 1809. Appointed Adjutant of Nixon s Regiment on the i.gth of April, 1775. He served at Bunker Hill, and was at the Siege of Boston, and commissioned Captain in the 6th Massachusetts Regiment Colonel Thomas Nixon s on the ist of January, 1777, serving with it through the war. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll.f BAXTER HOWE Captain- Lieutenant New York Artillery. Died in the service on the march to Yorktown, on the 3d of September, 1781, at Burrell s Ferry, James River, Va., while serving under Lafayette. He was appointed on the ist of January, 1776, Second Lieutenant in Captain Josiah Fay s Company of Colonel Jonathan Ward s Regiment of Connecticut Infantry the 2 ist Continental Foot and promoted to be its First Lieutenant on the 1 2th of July, 1776, vice Ebenezer Cleveland, promoted. Subsequently appointed a First Lieutenant in the 2d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s on the ist of January, 1777, and promoted to be Captain- Lieutenant of the same on the 9th of November, 1778, and attached to the Light Artillery (Sixth Company) under Captain George Fleming. * His remains were buried at the Society s expense, and his widow and offspring for many years received aid from the fund. t He was buried at the Society s expense, and his widow for many years received aid from the fund. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 331 He served at the Siege of Boston, Harlem Heights, and in the battles of Brandywine, Germantown and Monmouth. BRIGHAM HOWE, his son, was admitted by the New York State Society on the 4th of July, 1804, under the provision of the Institution giving to the offspring of those officers who have died in the service succession. BEZALEEL HOWE Lieutenant \$t New Hampshire Regiment. Died 3d of September, 1825. He was admitted in 1800 by the New York State Society. Appointed Second Lieutenant in the Third Company of the ist New Hamp shire Regiment Colonel Joseph Cilley and was recommissioned on the 8th of November, 1776. Served with his regiment at Ticonderoga in July, 1777, at Bemis Heights, the storming of Stony Point, the Battle of Monmouth, and was in Sullivan s Expedition against the Indians in 1779. Afterwards, in 1793, he was under Wayne in the Miami Campaign GEORGE COOPER HOWE, his eldest son, was admitted in his right in 1826, and died on the 4th of December, 1841. GEORGE BEZALEEL HOWE, eldest son of the last, was admitted in 1886. ISAAC HUBBELL Captain- Lieutenant and Paymaster New York Artillery. He was appointed Second Lieutenant of the 3d Regiment New York Conti nental Infantry Colonel James Clinton s ist of September, 1775, and pro moted to be First Lieutenant of the Sixth Company on the i5th of April, 1776. Transferred to Colonel John Nicholson s Regiment New York Continental Infantry, before Quebec. Assigned as First Lieutenant to the 2d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s on the ist of January, 1777. Appointed Adjutant of his regiment on the 2d of April, 1779, and promoted to be Captain- Lieutenant on the gth of November, 1778, and Deputy Adjutant-General 232 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. and Sub-Inspector of the troops in the Middle Department, in General Orders from Headquarters at the Robinson House, dated 5th of September, 1780. Appointed Paymaster to his regiment on the ist of January, 1781, and served with it until honorably discharged on the 3d of November, 1783. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. JAMES MILES HUGHES Captain in Malcoms Regiment and Aide-de-Camp. Born on the 24th of March, 1756. Died on the i8th of December, 1802. He was the second son of Colonel Hugh Hughes,* whose eldest son Peter, was an Aide on Arnold s staff at Stillwater in 1777. Appointed Second Lieutenant in the ist New York Regiment Continental Infantry McDougall s on the 22d of July, 1775, and commissioned to be First Lieutenant of the Third Company of the same, dated the 24th of Feb ruary, 1776. When the sixteen additional Regiments to the Continental Line were ordered by Congress, in 1777, he was appointed a Captain in Colonel William * Colonel Hugh Hughes descended from the Hughes family of Wales, a branch of which settled early in Pennsylvania. He was born in 1727 and died on the isth of March, 1802. He came to New York in 1765, and being a man of excellent education, but in moderate circumstances, gave instruction in the consistory room of the old Huguenot Church, " du Sainte Esprit," which stood then in Pine Street, near Nassau. His ardent patriotism associated him, in 1767, with other early movers as a " Son of Liberty, and led to his appointment by the Provisional Convention of this State, on the i6th of February, 1776, as Commissary of Military Stores, and soon after as Continental Deputy Qiurtennaster-General. In this capacity, when the greater portion of the army were cut off after the defeat on Long Island, he materially contributed to their rescue by collecting all the available boats around Manhattan Island, and transporting them over on the ensuing night. The State archives describes the hardship of this hasty action in the complaint of Stephen Hogeboom, Captain of the sloop "Halifax," to the Convention at Fishkill, on the 2d of February of the next year, as follows : " That in August last hearing that the Ships of War, had Sailed out of Hudson River, brought his Sloop back to New York with a design to proceed with her to Claverack. but was prevented from proceeding by Colonel Wadsworth and Commissary Hughes, who ordered your Memorialist over, with the Sloop to Long Island Ferry, where she was used to carry off the troops and stores after the unfortunate retj^at on the 28th, and seeing no prospect of bringing said Sloop to a place of safety quitted her. That the said Sloop was afterward carried up with stores to the army, through the Sound, to Kingsbridge, where she was used as a store vessel for the Continental army, until the retreat from the Island, when she fell into the hands of the enemy." General Heath, at the "Highlands," in General Orders, returned " hearty thanks for his attention and discharge of the several duties of his office while in service under innumerable embarrassments," one of which was laying the chain cable across the Hudson River between the Highlands, in February, 1778, and placing obstructions in the river near West Point, under the superintendence of Captain Thomas Machin, of the 2d New York Regiment. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 233 Malcom s, and *vas an Aide to General Gates at the end of the Burgoyne Campaign. The following letter from Headquarters, Saratoga, dated i5th of October, 1777, addressed to Mrs. Charity Hughes, his mother, at West Windsor, Conn., is interesting : " HONORED MOTHER : I have just time to inform you of the inexpressible pleasure I shall have of seeing the famous Lt. General Burgoyne and his Army march out of his Intrenchments to-morrow morning and surrender himself and Army prisoners of war. He Capitulated this day, how changed the scene, a few weeks ago all was gloomy and seemed like the glimmering of twilight, but now the cloud is dispelled and the rays of conquest beams high in this Department. The occasion of his precipitate retreat was this, On the 7th inst. about two o clock in the after noon our Army was alarmed that the enemy was advancing on our lines. After making the necessary disposition of our troops, our scouts informed us that they were only a foraging party and meant no more, on which the Geneial ordered three regiments to attack them, which they did, when a very heavy fire commenced, both sides re-inforced with equal avidity but the ardor of our men and determination to conquer forced the British troops to give way and pursued them in their Works, took the Camp of their flying Army, General Burgoyne s Aid-de-Camp. the Quarter Master General, the Commanding Officers of their Artillery and Grenadiers, a Hessian Colonel, with many other Officers and about two hundred privates with eight brass pieces of Artillery. Unfortunately in the action of the day, the brave and gallant General Arnold had his leg fractured by a musket ball. The Enemy the same night retired to their intrenched Camp on their left. General Lincoln s Division being nearest them, he unfortunately re-connoitering received the like accident, but they are both in a fair way of doing well, tho they are much wanting in this Army. "Consider the stroke to the British Nation, will they not be convinced that Americans fighting for their freedom are invincible and that the longer the War continues, we make further advances in military disciplin, that added to our determined resolution to repel every hostile invasion of our rights will make us formidable to our foes. " We pay our next attention to Mr. Clinton on the river, should he not walk off in time worse consequences may ensue to him than has to his friend Burgoyne. " I have not time to say more, what more would you have, how are the mighty fallen. " God bless you, my sincere love to sisters Sally, Chany, Susy, Ruthy, Caty. God love you all. Compliments to all friends. I remain dear Mother your affectionate son "JAMES M. HUGHES. " Brother Peter is here and desires to be remembered to you." Leaving the service he practiced law in New York, sent to the Assembly in 1795, an d was Secretary of this State Society in 1793, taking an active part in the commemorative ceremonies at Washington s death. He married Mary, the daughter of Captain John Bailey, and died leaving two daughters, who died unmarried. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. DIXON GEDNEY HUGHES, great-grandson of his brother, Captain Peter Hughes, was admitted as his collateral representative in 1875. 234 THF - SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. EPHRAIM HUNT - Lieutenant /\th Massachusetts Regiment. Born at Watertown, Mass., on the 5th of November, 1758. Died at Albany on the 1 6th of October. 1805. He was a descendant of Enoch Hunt, one of the original Massachusetts settlers of Weymouth, and died, leaving a widow, Catharine, and three children, in Albany, N. Y.* Commissioned Lieutenant of the Qth Massachusetts Regiment Colonel Henry Jackson on the Qth of August, 1781. On the subsequent reduction of the army. 3oth of October, 1782, it became the 4th Regiment, and he served with it to the close of the war. He was an original member of the Massachusetts State Society, and in 1785, residing in this State, affiliated with the New York Society and signed its roll. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. THOMAS HUNT Lieutenant ^th New York Regiment. Died in December, 1796, in Charleston, S. C.f He was the eldest son of Jesse Hunt, the Sheriff of Westchester County, N. Y., under the Crown, and a descendant of Thomas Hunt, of Shrewsbury, England, High Sheriff of Shropshire in 1656, who emigrated to America, and obtained a patent for the " Grove Farm " from the first English Colonial Governor, Richard Nicolls, dated the 4th of December, 1667, and at his decease willed to his grandson one hundred acres on the " Great Planting Neck," now known as Hunt s Point, N. Y. City. He resided on Hunter s Island, at Pelham, Westchester County, N. Y., and enlisted from New Rochelle. Commissioned Lieutenant in the 4th New York Regiment Colonel Henry B. Livingston s he saw much service, including the Canada Campaign. His commission is dated the pth of November, 1777, but his name appears, a year earlier, on a list of officers of the four New York Battalions, now in the office of the Secretary of State, as a Second Lieutenant of the Seventh Company of the same, on the 2ist of November, 1776, and again, in 1777, he is referred to as holding that rank in 1775. This error is explained by a rank roll of his regiment, adjusted under an order from Headquarters, Morristown, dated 2oth * He and his widow received aid from the fund. t Removing to Charleston he met with the South Carolina Society, and at his wife s request the New York Society paid her fifty dollars on the i3th of December, 1796, to defray her expenses to get to him. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 235 of May, 1777, noting as to him and two other Second Lieutenants, " no former Continental commission, therefor left as arranged by Convention." His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. CHRISTOPHER HUTTON Lieutenant and Adjutant 2d New York Regiment. The following sketch furnished by the Reverend M. S. Hutton. Born in New York City on the 26th of April, 1756. Died on the i5th of February, 1843. At the age of twenty he enlisted as a volunteer, and was appointed Ensign in the 3d New York Regiment on the 2ist of November, 1776. Promoted to be Lieutenant in the same on the 6th of February, 1779. Transferred to the 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt and served as its Adjutant. He also served in the Northern Department attached to General Clinton s Division, and at Fort Schuyler volunteered, going through the enemy s lines to solicit aid from General Schuyler. He, at the close of the war, with his brother, Captain Timothy Hutton (who also had served as an Adjutant], settled on the Hudson River, about seven miles above Albany, where they formed a partnership, erected a large ware house, and then became the leading dealers and shippers of grain and produce of that section of the State. Shortly afterwards, the residents assembling to determine some name for the growing settlement, unconscious that it might in time become a city, he suggested that it be named u Troy," and as there were two hills, that the one on the north be called " Mount Olympus," and that on the south " Mount Ida. This was approved and adopted, and ever since have been retained. Being very highly esteemed by his fellow citizens, in 1794 he was elected one of its original trustees, and subsequently also of its library, a director in the first bank, and from there elected a member of the Legislature. He was remarkable for his frankness, sturdy honesty and patriotic devotion ; tall and finely proportioned, and carried himself with military exactness. Lieutenant- Colonel Marinus Willett presented him with his sword. He died much respected, leaving no issue. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. MANCIUS SMEDES HUTTON (Reverend), his nephew and eldest son of his brother, Captain Timothy Hutton, was admitted in 1856. He was the Chaplain of the Society until his decease in 1880. .MANCIUS HOLMES HUTTON (Reverend}, son of the last, was admitted in 1881, and chosen Chaplain in his father s place. 236 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. ABRAHAM HYATT Lieutenant ^th New York Regiment. He signed as an Associator for Liberty in Beekman Precinct, Dutchess County, in 1775. In 1776 he appears as Second Lieutenant of the Minute Men of Colonel Jacobus Swartwout s Regiment in General James Clinton s Brigade, and as recommended by him for the Standing Army. Appointed Second Lieutenant of the Eighth Company of the 4th New York Regiment Colonel Henry B. Livingston s on the 9th of November, 1776, and arranged, with that rank, on the 2ist of that month, by the Committee of the Convention. He was one of the two officers mentioned in the foregoing notice of Lieutenant Hunt. Promoted Lieutenant on the pth of November, 1777. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. THOMAS FREDERICK JACKSON Lieutenant 2d Light Dagroons and Aide-de-Camp. He was commissioned Cornet in the 2d Regiment Continental Light Dra goons Colonel Elisha Sheldon s on the 23d of November, 1778, and promoted to be a Lieutenant in the same on the i5th of November, 1779, an d Regimental Adjutant on the i8th of December, 1779. He was an Aide-de-Camp in 1781 to Major-General William Alexander Lord Stirling. Honorably discharged the service, with his regiment, on the 3d of Novem ber, 1783. He resided in New York City in 1794. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll as from Connecticut. CORNELIUS T. JANSEN Captain \st JVew York Regiment. ^ He was a resident of Ulster County. Appointed Second Lieutenant in the 2d Regiment New York Continental Infantry Colonel Van Schaick s on the 28th of June, 1775, and on the 3oth of the same month First Lieutenant in the Seventh Company of the 3d or Ulster Regiment Colonel James Clinton. Lewis Du Bois, the Captain of the Fifth Company, on the 26th of June, 1776, was promoted by Congress to the command of a regiment, which was the cause of much confusion and dissatisfaction of himself and his officers. Jansen THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 237 appears to have served in it, commissioned as a Captain, in command of its Eighth Company, until the 2ist of November, 1776. From that date, with the same rank, he was transferred again to the 3d Regiment then Colonel Ganse- voort s and subsequently to the ist New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s with which he appears to have served until the end of the war. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JAMES JOHNSTON Lieutenant 2d New York Regiment. He enlisted in the 5th New York Regiment, as Sergeant Major on the 28th of December, 1776, and was commissioned Ensign on the 25th of June, 1777; Quartermaster 23d of December, 1779 ; Adjutant i4th of July following ; and after the consolidation, Lieutenant of the Eighth Company of the 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt s and served with it to the end of the war. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. ROBERT JOHNSTON Physician and Surgeon, General Hospital. By resolution of Congress he was sent to the Southern Department on duty in South Carolina as a Physician in the General Hospital. He made two voyages to China, in after life, recording meteorological observations, having married Eleanor Pawling, but died without leaving issue. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. JOHN KEESE Assistant Deputy Quartermaster. Born at Flushing, L. I., in 1755. Died at Philadelphia in June, 1809. He was the only son of William Keese and Mary Bowne, of Flushing, L. I., where he was reared in the principles of the Society of Friends, but which he abandoned, and later in life became a Presbyterian. At the commencement of the Revolution he was studying law in New Yrok with Lindley Murray, the grammarian, but subsequently enlisted and succeeded in getting a position in the service as Assistant Deputy-Quartermaster. 238 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. While stationed at Fishkill he married Rhoda Appleby, by whom he had a large family of children. After peace was declared he came to New York and began practicing law. Admitted by the New York State Society in 1800 to membership, and in 1807 was elected Assistant Treasurer. His remains repose in Woodlawn Cemetery, N. Y. City. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. WILLIAM KEESE, his eldest son, was admitted in 1810, and having married a daughter of the Reverend William Linn, he died in March, 1819, leaving two sons Reverend William Linn * and John. WILLIAM LINN KEESE, his great grandson, was admitted in 1877. He was the eldest surviving son of John Keese. DANIEL KEMPER Deputy Clothier- General. Born at New Brunswick, N. J., in 1749. Died there on the 6th of August, 1847. He with his father removed to New York City in 1759. He was descended from Jacob Kemper, of Bacharack, a fortified town on the Rhine, and who came to this country in 1741. The following sketch of his life is taken from his own manuscript, now in the possession of the family : " I engaged in the service of my country at the earliest commencement of the Revolution in Colonel Jasper s Regiment and General Scott s Brigade, which engaged to serve for six months. I was at the Battle of White Plains, and our army then crossed the North River into New Jersey as far as Newark. " While there I obtained leave to move my family from Elizabeth Town, N. J. where I had removed them from. New York to Newark. I removed my wife and three children without delay, but my property could not be removed for want of teams. The Hessians entered Elizabeth town by the dawn of day the next morning after we left ; and although my father, Jacob Kemper, was there, the Hessians would not allow him to take anything out of the house. My loss on that occasion, at the lowest estimate, could not have be,en less than five thousand dollars, as I left a considerable store of goods and a house well furnished. I then purchased a small place in Morristown, N. J., for my family, and there they remained until the close of the Revolution. "After my six months service of enlistment had expired I did duty on the lines as a volunteer, and was at times with General Maxwell. Towards Spring information was brought to * Dr. Hobart Keese, the only surviving son of the Reverend William Linn Keese, of New Haven, Conn., was elected to membership in 1860, but failed to subscribe his name to the Institution, and died without issue. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 239 the General that the British were leaving Elizabethtown, and myself and three officers obtained permission to go and reconnoitre the place. On entering we found it evacuated by the British. Information was given me that a schooner belonging to a notorious character lay aground a mile below, laden with a valuable cargo, but she was full of troops. I obtained some volunteers from General Dayton, and proceeded with them to the place where the vessel lay. I placed my men under the cover of a small knoll, and taking a flag, went to the beach and demanded of the commanding officer his surrender. He was Major McDollard, having a Captain, Lieutenant, Sergeant, sixty privates and sixteen women on board. The Major, after a little consultation, desired me to come on board the vessel, when he delivered me his sword. The soldiers and women were immediately landed, and sent off under guard. I then went with the Major and presented him to General Dayton, with the sword. The General returned the sword to me, desiring me to keep it as a trophy, and I still have it in my possession." Subsequently he received the position of Deputy Clothicr-Gerieral, and was stationed in New York. At the close of the war, like many other officers, he was nearly destitute, with a large family, but after the adoption of the Constitution, was given in 1792, an appointment in the New York Custom House, which position he retained for fourteen years. He was admitted by the New York State Society in 1802. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. SAMUEL RELF KEMPER, his grandson and son of the late Bishop David Jackson Kemper, of Wisconsin, was elected a member of this Society on the 4th of July, 1882, but has not yet signed the Institution. JACOB KEMPER Captain-Lieutenant $3 Artillery, Massachusetts. Born at New Brunswick, N. J. Died in 1800. He was a younger brother of Daniel Kemper, and volunteered on the i5th of September, 1775, at Brooklyn, in the Kings County Light Horse Captain Adolph Waldron as a company of Minute Men for service. Appointed Ensign of the ist Regiment New Jersey Continental Infantry Lord Stirling s on the ist of April, 1776. At Ticonderoga, on the gth of November, 1776, he was appointed First Lieutenant of the 3d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel John Crane s and assigned to Captain John Winslow s Company. Promoted to be Captain-Lieutenant on the 5th of November, 1778. Honorably discharged the service, with his regiment, on the 3d of Novem ber, 1783. He married and settled at Elizabethtown, N. J. Was a brother-in-law of the " little God of War," General Jacob Morton, who married his sister, Maria 240 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Sophia Kemper. Died, leaving one son, who went to South America, and one daughter, Sarah (Mrs. Abijah Ferguson). His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. JOHN LAMB Colonel New York Artillery. Born in New York on the ist of January, 1735. Died there on the 3ist of May, 1800. He followed his father s occupation, an optician and instrument maker, and when the Sons of Liberty met in opposition to the encroachments of the Ministry, he united with them, and being a clever writer and fluent speaker, soon became prominent. Appointed on the 3oth of June, 1775, Captain of the New York Provincial Artillery Company, which was ordered to Canada, and arrived at the camp near St. Johns, on the 2oth of September, participating in the siege and capture of that place. In the desperate assault before Quebec, on the 3ist of December, he was struck on the let t cheek by a fragment of a grape-shot, carrying away part of the bone, and was, with others, taken prisoner and carried to a convent used as an hospital. The minutes of the State Committee of Safety, in April, 1776, record the following : " One of Lamb s men escaped, went into the Bombproof in the yard, jumped over the wall and over the city wall. Said he had heard of Lamb, that he had lost his left eye well otherwise. 2,500 troops there. Snow deep, when he came away." While a prisoner, on the gth of January, 1776, he was promoted by the Continental Congress to the command, with the rank of Major, of the artillery in the Northern Department, a reward for his activity and spirited conduct. Having been, on the 30! of August, 1776, paroled by Sir Guy Carleton, he arrived in a cartel at Elizabethtown, N. J., on the 2oth of September, and was soon afterward exchanged, as Major of Colonel Henry Knox s Regiment of Artillery. On the ist of January, 1777, he was appointed by Washington, under the authority of Congress on the 27th of December, 1776, Colonel of the 2d Regi ment Continental Corps of Artillery, under General Knox. In the action at Campo Hill, 28th of April, 1777, he was again struck by a grape-shot and severely wounded. On the 6th of March, 1779, he was appointed Surveyor of Ordnance. . He commanded his regiment at the Siege THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 24! of Yorktown, where the extraordinary skill and accuracy of the American artillery surprised the French allies. On the 3oth of September, 1783, he was appointed Brigadier-General (by brevet), and on the 3d of November, 1783, was honorably discharged the service with his regiment. He was elected, in 1784, a member of the New York Legislature, and appointed by it Collector of Customs for the Port of New York, and retained this position until his death. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. ANTHONY LAMB, his only son, was admitted in 1800, and died on the i3th of May, 1855, having been elected by this Society Treasurer in 1842, Vice- President in 1844 and President in 1848. JOHN LAMB, eldest son of the last, was admitted in 1857, and died at New -Haven on the i6th of October, 1883. GARRET LANSING* Ensign \st New York Regiment. Appointed Ensign of the 3d New York Regiment Colonel Gansevoort s on the 6th of February, 1779 ; and subsequently, under the consolidation of the New York Line, was on the ist of January, 1781, transferred to the Fifth Company of the ist New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s and mus tered to January, 1782. William F. Lansing, of Little Falls, N. Y., writes the following: " I have for the past ten years, from time to time, gathered what facts I could in regard to the subject of your inquiry. I have that his name in full was Gerrit G. Lansing. He was born in Albany on the nth of December, 1760, married Mannette, the daughter of Colonel Edward Antill, and died at Oriskany, N. Y., on the 27th of May, 1831. He was the fourth son of Gerrit I. Lansing, and a younger brother of John Lansing, the Chancellor. He enlisted in the ist New York Regiment as Ensign, and served from the beginning to the close of the war. Was present in many engagements, and at Yorktown under Colonel Hamilton led the Forlorn Hope as Lieutenant." His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll as Garret G. Lansing, Lieutenant, of New York. RICHARD RAY LANSING, his eldest son, was admitted in 1832, and died en the 29th of September, 1855. EDWARD ANTILL LANSING, eldest son of last, was admitted in 1856, and died on the i2th of June, 1868, at Detroit. * The signature to the Institution is, " G. Lansing: Ensign ist N. Y. Regiment, 1 and the question has been raised whether the Ensign Garret Lansing and Lieutenant Gerrit G. Lansing were identical. 242 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. JOHN LAURANCE Judge- Advocate- General. Born at Cornwall, England, in 1750. Died in New York on the nth of November, 1810. He came to New York in 1767, and was admitted to the bar in 1772. Appointed Second Lieutenant of the 4th Regiment New York Continental Infantry Colonel James Holmes on the ist of August, 1775. Aidc-dc-Camp to his father-in-law, General McDougall, and in 1777 he was on the staff of General Washington. At the trial of Major Andre he was the Ji^lge Advocate. In 1783, resuming his profession, the practice of the law at the Bar of New York, he became a Member of Congress and also of the Board of Regents of the University ; a trustee of Columbia College ; a State Senator in 1789, and again a Member of Congress in 1789-1793 ; Judge of the United States District Court of New York, 1794-1796, and United States Senator from New York, 1796-1800, presiding in 1798. Drake speaks of him as follows : " He was a zealous and able defender of the administration of Washington. Upon the questions of neutrality, currency, finance and especially the commercial interests of the country, he evinced great comprehensiveness and foresight." His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll as Judge- Advocate-General. JONATHAN LAWRENCE Captain Sappers and Miners. Died on the 27th of April, 1802. He appears to have been elected at Jamaica, on the 22d of May, 1775, a delegate from Queens County in the Provincial Congress, and on the 26th as signing its association and declaration of rights. On the i5th of December following he, with John Grennell, Samuel Bayard and William Bedlow (com mittee), were directed to provide barracks and subsistence for one thousand men on the Hudson River ; and on the 9th of May, 1777, he was appointed one of the commissioners to superintend the manufacture of gun flints, sulphur, lead and salt, and " That they have power to expend upon such manufactures a Sum not exceeding three thousand Pounds, and to draw upon the Treasury of this State for that Sum; and that they be further allowed the Sum of fifty Pounds each, for the- trouble and expense in the service aforesaid. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 243 " Resolved, That the Sum of forty Shillings be allowed as a Bounty for every hundred weight of good lead made from the ore within this State by any private adventurer on or before the ist of May 1778 That the Sum of sixteen Shillings be allowed as a Bounty for every hundred weight of good Sulphur so manufactured as aforesaid within this State, before the said ist of May 1778. That the Sum of ten Shillings be allowed for each Bushel of good Salt manu factured as aforesaid within this State from Salt Springs or Mines, on or before the first day of December next. And that the Sum of two Shillings be allowed for every hundred good gun flints, made within this State, on or before the first day of May 1778, and that the Said several bounties be paid as follows, to wit : The party claiming the Said bounty shall make proof before one of the Said Commissioners, that he is entitled to Such Bounty, and thereupon such Commis sioner Shall make a Certificate in his favor of his being entitled to the Bounty, which Shall be a warrant to the Treasurer for paying the Same. " Resolved, That this State have the pre-emption of the Several articles above mentioned upon which Such Bounty Shall be given as aforesaid." The Committee of New Windsor Precinct, on the 3ist of May, 1776, reports to the Provincial Congress as follows : " It gives us pain to find any Person Counteracting the orders of Congress, and then goes on to report that a relative of Captain Jonathan Lawrence, who is a Commissioner of Congress at Fort Constitution, and his Son, a clerk there, both in the pay of the Continent * * * early in this Spring Settled in the Precinct and opened a Shop here, then Knowlingly, contrary to the desire of Congress, has retailed Bohea tea at 8 Shillings per Ib and to evade the Resolve in that respect pretend to sell tea at 6 Shillings per Ib but will not let the purchaser have the tea, unless they take a paper bag to put it in, at 2 Shillings, and so in proportion for a greater or less quantity. It proceeds warmly to Show that this has disgusted the inhabitants, as they conceive it as a Kind of insult to have that Fortress made an Asylum for that useless herb, and the illegal venders of it." He married, first, Janette Neal, of Burlington, N. J., by whom he had several children. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. CHARLES C. LAWRENCE, his eldest son, was admitted in 1825, and died in 1854. NATHANIEL LAWRENCE Lieutenant 2d North Carolina Regiment. His name appears on the roll of members of the New York State Society returned to the General Society in May, 1788, as a member of the North Carolina State Society.* Appointed Ensign in the 2d North Carolina Regiment Colonel John Patten on the 4th of September, 1778, and subsequently promoted to be a Lieutenant in the same. He or one of his name appear in the records as an Associator for liberty in Orange Town, Orange County, on the i7th of July, 1775, and in the next year * See ante, page 84. 244 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. to have been attached to the armed schooner " General Putnam," and mak ing a complaint against her captain (Cregier) for inefficiency and violence, and asking that he be cashiered. On the 5th of September of the same year he also appears as a member of a military company in West Farms, Westchester County, N. Y. Whether these are or either of them the officer in question is uncertain. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. GEORGE LEAYCRAFT Lieutenant New York Artillery. Born in New York City. Died there in April, 1811. Appointed Second Lieutenant 2d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s on the ist of January, 1777. Assigned from Captain Andrew Moodie s to Captain Gershom Mott s company on the 23d of November, 1779. Promoted to be First Lieutenant of the same on the 2ist of August, 1780. Honorably discharged, with his regiment, on the 3d of November, 1783. His widow received aid from the fund. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. WILLIAM LEAYCRAFT Lieutenant New York Artillery. Born on the 26th of October, 1757, at Demerara. Died on the 7th of June, 1827. Appointed Lieutenant in the 2d Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s on the 28th of June, 1/81, and assigned to Captain Savage s com pany. Honorably discharged the service, with his regiment, on the 3d of November, 1783. He married Eleanor, daughter of Jacobus Bogert, and left two sons and two daughters. His name appears on the Half -Pay Roll. WILLIAM HENDERSON LEAYCRAFT, his second son, was admitted in 1827, his elder brother, Viner Leaycraft, having died in the service in the war of 1812, at Sacket s Harbor, leaving issue only a daughter, who, in 1830, married the Portuguese wine merchant Paul Joachim Figueira. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 245 BENJAMIN LEDYARD Major \st New York Regiment. The following sketch is compiled from John Austin Steven s paper. Born March 5th, 1753, at Groton, Conn. Died November gth, 1803, at Aurora, N. Y. He was the son of Youngs Ledyard, and was brought up in the family of his grandfather, John Ledyard, at Hartford, with his brother Isaac and his cousin John, later known as "the Traveler." Afterwards he was in the store of Peter Vandervoort, Of New York, who was the husband of his aunt, Sarah Ledyard. Mr. Vandervoort was engaged in the hardware business and as an importer of this class of merchandise before the Revolution, and his nephew had been admitted to partnership about that time. On the outbreak of hostilities, Benjamin Ledyard although recently mar ried to Catharine, daughter of Samuel Forman, of Middletown, Perm., on the 22d of January, 1775 at once enlisted, and raised a company, which, accord ing to a tradition in the family, was known as the " Hairy Caps." They were enrolled in the ist Regiment New York Continental Infantry Colonel Alexander McDougall commanding in which Benjamin Ledyard was com missioned Captain on the 28th of June, 1775. McDougall s regiment went to Quebec in the Winter, but apparently Captain Ledyard was left behind, as he appears issuing warrants to a recruiting officer of the Third Company New York Continentals in February, 1776. In the arrangement of the New York Line, by a Committee of the New York Convention, November 2ist, 1776, he was promoted to Major, Henry B. Livingston being made Colonel in the place of McDougall, who was already serving as Brigadier-General. General McDougall wrote to the Committee, recommending Ledyard s promotion as the second in the regiment, and "the man the corps have their eye on for major," and added he thought him by far the best qualified for it. There seemed to have been some uncertainty about his acceptance, probably on account of his health, which, never strong, soon broke down entirely. He was engaged at the battle of White Plains in 1776. He was at the Battle of Monmouth either with his command or while at home on a furlough, his regiment being stationed at West Point with the forces posted there for the protection of the Hudson Highlands. At Monmouth his horse was shot under him. There is a tradition that after this battle a British armed vessel, driven ashore, was captured by the militia, and that Major Ledyard prepared the articles of capitulation, parolling the officers. His health failing him, he found himself unable to perform field duty, and on the 26th of March, 1779, as appears from 246 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. the petition of his son for his father s share of the lands allotted Revolutionary soldiers, he resigned his commission and withdrew from active service. He continued, however, to render effectual assistance as a volunteer with the militia in cases of invasion until the close of the war. The army was in sore need of salt, and the Government urged its manu facture. Major Ledyard became superintendent of a company engaged in this business at Barnegat. At the peace he returned to New York, and renewed his commercial pur suits, forming a partnership with Colonel Walker, the Aide of Baron Steuben. This partnership was dissolved April 2oth, 1785, after which he continued his mercantile pursuits with his brother, Dr. Isaac Ledyard, for a time. He finally withdrew to Middletown and opened a country store. In 1793 the military bounty lands of New York were allotted in Onondaga County, and Major Ledyard, receiving the appointment of the Clerk of the County, removed to the village of Aurora, and there established his office and built a cottage, in which he resided with his family, and which was standing in 1843. Here he was visited by his fellow soldiers, some of whom, among others Aaron Burr, bought lands in the neighborhood. The fever for speculation in western lands was high at the close of the last century, and the fertile valleys of New York were the favorite field. The town was first named Scipio, but later was divided. The new town set aside embraced the village of Aurora, in which he had his home, and received the name of Ledyard in his honor. By his first wife, Catharine Forman, he had ten children. BENJAMIN LEDYARD, his eldest son, was admitted in 1804, elected Secretary in 1810, and died in New York on the 26th of October, 1812, having married Susan F., the daughter of Colonel Henry Brockholst Livingston, on the 3d of April, 1811. HENRY LEDYARD, only son of the last, was elected to membership in his grandfather s right in 1852. He died in 1880 at Paris, having married Matilda, the daughter of General Lewis Cass. HENRY BROCKHOLST LEDYARD, eldest son of the last, was admitted in 1882. j ISAAC LEDYARD Surgeon s Mate. Born at Groton, Conn., on the 5th of November, 1754. Died on Staten Island, N. Y., on the 28th of August, 1803. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 247 He was the youngest brother of Major Benjamin Ledyard. Came to New York and studied medicine with Dr. John Bard. Appointed Surgeon s Mate of the ist New York Continental Infantry Colonel McDougall by commission dated 2oth of March, 1776, and subse quently assigned as Assistant Medical Purveyor at Fishkill, N. Y., and it is stated that he served as Hospital Surgeon to the close of the war. He resided at the house of Colonel Roger Morris, on the Harlem River, which successively was used as headquarters by both armies. On the i3th of March, 1785. he married Ann Me Arthur, and immediately resumed the practice of his profession in New York City. In 1795 he removed to a farm of two hundred acres near Newtown, L. I., which was carefully cultivated, having extensive outbuildings and large herds of cattle. There he had Governor De Witt Clinton for a neighbor, and attended him in his duel in August, 1799, in which he wounded his adversary, John Swartwout. He was a man of literary ability, a writer in the heated contro versy of that period in opposition to the Federal Party ; a Presidential Elector in 1800, casting his vote for Jefferson. At the time of his death he was serving as Health Officer of the Port of New York at Staten Island. Thompson, the historian of Long Island, speaks of him : " He was a gentleman of polished manners, affable and of wonderful conversational powers. His reading was expressive, his observations acute, and his information on most subjects large and accurate. The death of such a man was not only a great calamity to his family but to the public." He was admitted by the New York State Society in 1786. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. ABRAHAM LEGGETT Lieutenant $th New York Regiment. Born on the 3d of January, 1754, at West Farms, Westchester County, N. Y. Died on the i6th of January, 1842. He was the great grandson of Gabriel Leggett, who came from Essex County, England, in 1661, and acquired a large estate on "Great Planting Neck," since known as " Leggett s Point," and whose son became Mayor of the Borough of Westchester in 1734. In a petition to the Provincial Congress, on the 5th of September, 1775, he asked with others for a separate district for "the militia of the Manor of Fordham and West Farms, claiming that the rendezvous at the Borough Town of Westchester was too remote. On the 25th of October he was chosen, with Thomas Hunt, the Committee of Inspec- 248 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. tion at the election of the officers of this new company, and subsequently a member of the County Committee. In July, 1776, he entered a volunteer corps that was formed at Poughkeepsie under Colonel Bernardus Swartwout, and joined the army on Long Island the day after the Battle of Flatbush. His company was at first on the left, but afterwards the rear guard. He took part in the engagements at Harlem Heights and White Plains, and shared in the sufferings of the army in the Winter of 1777 in New Jersey. In January he received a commission in the standing army, unexpected but eagerly accepted. He was appointed Ensign in the 5th New York Regiment Colonel Du Bois ranking from the 2ist of November, 1776, serving in the Seventh Company, and was afterward promoted to Lieutenant of the same. Employed as a recruiting officer at Bedford, Westchester County, he was ordered to Fort Montgomery, where he became a prisoner of war, when it was taken, and suffered great privations and cruelties, until paroled on Long Island. In 1838 he was chosen the Vice-President of this Society. By his first wife, Rebecca Morgan, he had but one daughter, Mrs. James Breath, but left a large family by his second, Catharine Wyly. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. ABRAHAM ALSOP LEGGETT, his eldest son, was admitted in 1842, and died in March, 1869. WILLIAM HENRY LEGGETT, son of the last, was admitted in 1870, and died, unmarried, on the nth of April, 1882. PAUL ERNEST TIEMANN, M.D., his great-greatgrandson, through the eldest female, Mrs. James Breath, was admitted in the succession in 1885, the direct male line having become extinct. MORGAN LEWIS Staff rank of Colonel ami Quartermasters-General. Born in New York City on the i6th of October, 1754, and died there on the 7th of April, 1844. He was the second son of Francis Lewis, "the signer," who emigrated to this country from Wales, England. He went to a school in Elizabeth, N. J.; entered and graduated with honor from Princeton, and studied law in the office of John Jay. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 249 In June, 1775, ne joined the army at Cambridge as a volunteer, and was in August of that year appointed Captain of a rifle company in New York, and on the 6th of October of the same year Major of the 2d Regiment of New York Militia. In June, 1776, he was an Aide to Gates with staff rank of Colonel, and on the following 23d of August, by act of Congress, appointed Quartermaster- General oi the Northern Department, with headquarters at Ticonderoga. After Burgoyne s surrender, he was detailed to take charge of the British troops. He accompaned Governor Clinton in the expedition up the Mohawk, and again in 1780 to Crown Point to intercept a second invasion. Having married Gertrude, the daughter of Robert Livingston, the Judge, of Clermont, he practiced law, after the peace, in Dutchess County, and was successively Attorney-General of the State, Judge of the Supreme Court, and in 1801 Chief-Justice ; Governor of New York State in 1804, and a member of the Legislature from 1808 to 1811. In the War of 1812 he served with the rank of Brigadier-General, Quarter master and Major-General, and in 1814 was in command at New York City. President of the New York Historical Society in 1835, having delivered the centennial address in honor of Washington in 1832, being President of this Society at that time, and in 1839 President General, both of which positions he held until his decease. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll.* MORGAN LEWIS LIVINGSTON, his eldest grandson (by his only child, Margaret, who married Maturin Livingston), was admitted in 1854, in accord ance with the resolution passed by the General Society in 1829.! SAMUEL LEWIS Lieutenant is/ New York Regiment. Died 25th of August, 1822. Appointed Ensign of the 3d New York Regiment on the 2ist of Novem ber, 1776 Colonel Gansevoort s and promoted to be Lieutenant in the same on the ist of May, 1780. Transferred to Bleecker s Company in the ist New York Regiment ColonelN?j\ Schaick s after the Consolidation, ist of Janu ary, 1781, and mustered to 1782. He resided at Northumberland, N. Y., and married Sarah Van Volkenburg, of Albany, by whom he had seven sons and one daughter. Professor Tayler Lewis, of the New York University and Union College, remarkable for his thorough knowledge of the Greek dialect, * Mrs. Julia Delafield, his granddaughter, in 1877 published a very interesting memorial of him. t See ante, page 48. 250 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. was his fourth son, and served on the last committee to revise the Bible, but died before its completion. Samuel Lewis was a member of the New State Legislature, from Saratoga County, from 1804 to 1810. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. BROCK HOLST LIVINGSTON* Staff rank of Lieutenant-Colonel^ Aide-de-Camp. Born in New York on the 25th of November, 1757. Died at Washington, D. C., on the i7th of March, 1823. His father, William Livingston (one of the most distinguished members of that family, which contributed so many representative men), settled in New Jersey in 1773, served in the first Continental Congress in 1774, and as the Governor of New Jersey in 1776. He left college in New Jersey (Princeton) at the age of 19; was on the staff of General Schuyler in the Northern Department, with St. Clair at the fall of Ticonderoga, and subsequently an Aide to Arnold in the Battle of Saratoga, and at Burgoyne s surrender with staff rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. In 1779 he accompanied, as secretary, his brother-in-law, John Jay, then Minister to Spain. Returning in 1782, was captured by a British cruiser, and imprisoned in New York, but released when Sir Guy Carleton assumed com mand. A member of the New York Legislature in 1788 and 1800, and a trustee of Columbia College. He practiced law, and was chosen one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of New York in 1802, and in November, 1806, one of the Judges of the United States Court, which he retained until his death. The selection of him as a Regent of the New York University in 1784, and the degree of LL.D. from Harvard in 1818, were among the tributes accorded to his talents. He married three times, and left a large family of children. His name appears upon the Half-Pay Roll as Lieutenant-Colonel Brockholst Livingston. > CARROLL LIVINGSTON, his eldest surviving son, was admitted in 1854, and died in 1867. CHARLES CARROLL LIVINGSTON, his grandson, only surviving son of the last, was admitted in 1868. * His name was Henry Brockholst Livingston, but he omitted his first name, the more readily to be distinguished from his relative, Colonel Henry Beekman Livingston. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 251 HENRY BEEKMAN LIVINGSTON Aide-de-Camp and Colonel th New York Regiment. Born at the Manor on the Qth of November, 1750. Died at his country seat, in Dutchess County, on the 5th of November, 1831. He was a son of Judge Robert R. Livingston, of Clermont, and Margaret, the daughter of Colonel Henry Beekman. In August, 1775, he raised a company, and joined his brother-in-law, General Richard Montgomery, on his expedition to Montreal, and was with him when he fell before Quebec. Appointed by General Philip Schuyler in February, 1776, one of his Aides, and in May following attained the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. In accordance with the act of Congress passed on the i6th of September, 1776, regulating the quotas to be furnished by the different States in the Continental Establish ment, he was on the 2ist of November, 1776, commissioned Colonel of the 4th New York Battalion or Regiment. On the i3th of January, 1779, he resigned from the service, it is claimed, on account of Lieutenant-Colonel Philip Van Cortlandt desiring the command. At the Battle of Brandywine he was severely wounded, leading an assault, and in the engagement at Quaker Hill, R. I., was especially distinguished. Congress in December, 1775, presented him, in accordance with a resolution to that effect, with a sword for services rendered in the capture of Chambly. After the war he was appointed Attorney-General, and subsequently one of the Chief-Justices of the State of New York. When the second war for inde pendence broke out, in 1812, he again gave himself to arms for his country s defence, attaining the rank of Major-General. In March, 1781, he married Miss Ann Horn Shippen, of Philadelphia, by whom he had but one child, Margaret, who died unmarried. His elder brother, Robert R., was known as "the Chancellor," and his youngest, Edward, was the Statesman and Minister to France. He was also a distant relative of Colonel James Livingston.* * Colonel James Livingston appears to have been unaccountably neglected in history. He was born in Canada in 1747, and died in Saratoga, N. Y., on the 2Oth of November, 1832. He was connected with many of the founders ot the Cincinnati Society, and eminently fitted to have been one. His father, John Livingston, of Stillwater, N. Y., was the youngest son of Robert Livingston, nephew and namesake of the first proprietor of the Livingston Manor. His mother was Catharine, the daughter of General Abraham Ten Broeck, who had settled in Canada. He and his two brothers joined General Montgomery their kinsman by marriage on his arrival 252 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. The following account of his meeting with La Fayette is interesting : "In 1824 the Marquis made his triumphal journey through the United States. A steam boat was taken off the line and placed at his disposition in New York, and he and his suite proceeded immediately up the Hudson, and paid General Lewis a visit at Staatsburgh. A colla tion was ready for them, and after remaining with us a few hours he returned to the steamboat, which was in waiting at the General s private dock, and we were all invited to join his party and accompany him to Clermont. " When we arrived abreast of the Rhinebeck landing, the steamboat was hailed by a row- boat. The Captain stopped, and Colonel Henry Beekman Livingston, who had been the Colonel there, and all became officers ; he a Colonel, Richard a Lieutenant-Colonel, and Abraham a Captain. When the expedition failed, the troops returned home, and he, cut off from further recruiting in Canada, appears by a letter dated from New York and now among the State archives, addressed to John Jay, then in the Provincial Congress, as occupied in filling up his command in that city : " DEAR SIR : I am just now informed by Captain Wright that he can raise a company of men in this town and suburbs. Should take it a particular favor if you d mention the matter to the Gentlemen of the Provincial Congress, and if approved beg you ll furnish him the money for that purpose. He is a good recruiting officer, and I believe he ll soon raise a company. I shall settle the matter respecting the rank of the officers with General Schuyler, agreeable to the order from Congress, as soon as these two companies Wright s and Stewarts are filled, General Washington will order them to the northward where I propose going to-morrow or next day, at furtherest, if not wanted here. The enemy are at Flatbush, their numbers not known, though we every moment expect an attack, I shall wait your answer this evening, and am with respect Yours &c "NEW YORK 2 4 th August 1776. JAMES LIVINGSTON." When Colonel James Livingston s Regiment, with the main army, was stationed on., the Hudson, a letter from Washington to Arnold, dated Peekskill, 3d of August, 1780, attests the great attention he was devoting to the security of the passes of that river, protecting King s Ferry and strengthening West Point. After minute details, in which all his orders abound, he directs "Colonel James Livingston s Regiment to garrison the redoubts at Stony and Ver Planck s Points." This fixes that officer s presence there. Arnold s object in assuming command of West Point (the key to the concerted disruption of the Colonies), the value of which was appreciated by the enemy, and which he intended finally to turn over to them, is thus given by Sparks in his " Washington s Writings" : " Although there had been various intimations to the Commander-in-Chief that Arnold wished the command at West Point, yet he had delayed conferring it, probably because he considered the services of so efficient an officer much more important in the main army. In the arrangements of the army therefore, published in General Orders, on the ist of August (two days before) the command of the left wing was assigned to Arnold. When it was found that he was disappointed and dissatisfied and complained that his wound would not allow him to act in the field, Washington complied with his request to be stationed at West Point." Arnold s attractive wife, the daughter of Chief- Justice Shippen, was socially cultivated by British officers, and had, it is recorded, Major Andre as a correspondent and commissionaire in New York. When the General Order, and her husband was not to control West Point, was announced at the dinner table of Colonel Robert Morris , at Springatesbury, near Philadelphia (although it was for a position as honorable) she swooned. After tire denouement and Arnold s escape, she repeatedly apparently fainted, and was frantic until she had obtained a passport from Washington to follow her husband to within the British lines. It is also recorded that she told an English lady " she was heartily sick of the theatrics she was exhibiting." When the sloop-of-war " Vulture," protected by a flag of truce, on the i8th of September, 1780, anchored off Teller s Point, a few miles below King s Ferry (a position singularly incon venient both to land and cover Major Andre during his meeting with Arnold at Smith s house at the Clove), where they were consummating their treason, the frustration of which has been attributed to Colonel Henry Beekman Livingston, which is not correct, as he then for nearly eighteen months had been out of the service. Investigation clearly shows that the credit was due THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 253 of one of La Fayette s Regiments, was assisted up the side of the steamer. La Fayette received him as he put his foot on the deck ; the old men fell into each others arms, and there was not a dry eye in the crowd. " At Clermont a fete to the tenantry, a ball and fireworks were in preparation to celebrate his arrival. A rainy afternoon interfered with the out-door amusements, but the dance was a success. Before any one was allowed to take the floor, the band played, and La Fayette gave his arm to Mrs. Montgomery. They opened the ball by walking twice around the room. The dancing then commenced. "The supper table was set under the orange trees in the green-house ; my seat was next to George Washington La Fayette. He was a grave, middle-aged man, and looked more like a German than a Frenchman. "In the evening we were a little disturbed by a delegation from Hudson, requiring that La Fayette should be given up to them, as if he had become a State prisoner. They wanted their share of the guest of the nation. General Lewis, who was a member of the Committee who had him under their protection, was steady in his refusal, and secured for the veteran a quiet sleep, which he greatly needed." His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. to the vigilance and prompt and independent action of Colonel James Livingston. Commanding at Verplanck s Point, he had watched passing events with suspicion, and questioned the propriety and motive of this flag of truce with his General s headquarters . With a seemingly providential instinct he applied directly to Major John Lamb for some ammunition for the only gun a four- pounder which Arnold had forgotten and left him. Lamb s answer to his request is interesting, and is as follows : "WEST POINT, 2oth September, 1780. " SIR: I have sent you the ammunition you requested, but at the same time I wish there may not be a wanton waste of it, as we have very little to spare. " Firing at a ship with a four-pounder is in my opinion a waste of powder, as the damage she will sustain is not equal to the expense. Whenever applications are made for ammunition they must be made through the com manding officer of the artillery at the post where it is wanted. " I am, Sir, yours, &c., &c., " Colonel LIVINGSTON. " JOHN LAMB " A strong tide and the distance at which the " Vulture" lay prevented Andre s return to her on the 2ist after the plot was consummated, and on the next day Colonel James Livingston, with remarkable self-reliance, verging on insubordination to his adjacent superiors, and indifferent at Lamb s economical caution, tested the capacity of his little gun, and at the first shot, so skillfully as to strike the "Vulture" between wind and water, causing her to slip her anchor and drop down to Tarrytown. The reverberation of its report amongst the surrounding Highlands sounded an era in American History. Deserted by its effect, Major Andre traveled by land to his unhappy destiny, while the traitor Arnold escaped in the "Vulture" as a fugitive to New York, in his place. " Washington, returning from his visit to Count Rochambeau at Hartford, reached Arnold s headquarters at the Robinson House on the 25th, and being informed of Arnold s flight, desirous of detail and consultation, and doubtful who then to trust, wrote to Colonel Lamb as follows : " SIR : It is my wish to see Colonel James Livingston to-night, and I write him by you on this occasion. In his absence you will take command of the posts of Stony and Ver Planck s points till further orders. " I am Sir with great respect and esteem " HEAD QUARTERS, Robinson s House in the " Your most obedt. servt. " Highlands. " GO. WASHINGTON." " 25th September 1780." He was a member of the New York Legislature from 1784 to 1791, and married Elizabeth Simpson, of Montreal. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. 254 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. SAMUEL LOGAN Major $th New York Regiment. Died in 1824. He was a Corporal in the 8oth Regiment of the British Army in the French and Indian war, 1755-59, receiving as a bounty a tract of two hundred acres in the present town of Charlotte, Vermont. He settled at New Windsor, N. Y., prior to the Revolution, and was elected on the 23d of September, 1775, Captain of a company of Minute Men, serving in Colonel Pawling s Regiment of General George Clinton s Brigade. He was selected on the 3ist of March, 1777, as Major of that regiment, and was on duty in a detachment of the militia of Westchester, Dutchess, Ulster and Orange, defending the Highlands. In Ulster County, on the i6th of May of that year, having performed his duty satisfactorily, he appears as one of the only two field officers in the five regiments as an excellent disciplinarian, and recommended for the Standing Army, and which appears to have been soon complied with, and he was com missioned from the 2ist of November, 1776, a Major in Colonel Du Bois Regiment. In October, 1777, he was taken prisoner at Fort Montgomery, and not released until after three years captivity on the 2ist of December, 1780 when he returned to and joined his regiment, then the 5th New York, and served with it until deranged by the Consolidation. His occupation was that of a hatter at New Windsor. He married Abigail Clark, of Cornwall, N. Y., by whom he had several children. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. JAMES JARED LOGAN, his great grandson, was admitted in 1878. LEBBEUS LOOMIS Lieutenant \st Connecticut Regiment. Born at Colchester, Conn., in 1756. Died at Cherry Valley, N. Y., on the loth of January, 1836. When seventeen years of age he, as a volunteer, was in the Battle of Bunker Hill, and entered the Continental Army soon afterwards as an Ensign in Colonel Swift s Connecticut Regiment. Subsequently he was appointed Adjutant of his regiment, with the rank of Lieutenant, serving until the close of the war. Was in the battles of Brandywine, Germantown and Monmouth, and was THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 255 actively engaged in the organization of the Militia, which has since replaced the Continental Line. He was later in life appointed Major and then Colonel of one of the New York City Regiments of Artillery, and died with the esteem of his associates and the respect of the public. He was an original member of the late Connecticut State Society, but removing to New York City, met with the New York State Society, where he became a prominent member of its Standing Committee. In 1828 he removed to Cherry Valley, Otsego County, where he left surviv ing him one son and three daughters, by his wife, Eliza Kellogg, all of whom died in childhood. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. HENRY EMANUEL LUTTERLOH Colonel and Deputy Quartermaster -General. He had served, prior to the War of the Revolution, as a Major in Germany. Appointed Deputy Quartermaster-General, with the rank of Colonel, in the Con tinental Army, by a special order signed by Washington, 3oth of June, 1777. He served until rendered supernumerary by a reorganization and reduction of that Department, when he was honorably discharged. By General Orders at Orangetown, 3oth of September, 1780, he was appointed Commissary of Forage, in which position he served until his resig nation, ist of May, 1783. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll with the rank of Colonel. THOMAS MACHIN Captain New York Artillery. Born in 1744. Died 3d of April, 1816. Appointed Second Lieutenant in Colonel Henry Knox s Regiment of Conti nental Artillery, at the Siege of Boston, on the ist of January, 1776. On the loth of June, 1776, Washington, from headquarters in New York, directed Major-General Artemus Ward, then in command at Boston, to send Lieutenant Machin immediately to him. He sent him to Fort Montgomery on the 2ist of July, 1776, writing to Colonel James Clinton, then in command, as follows : " The bearer, Lieutenant Machin, I have sent to act as an Engineer in the posts under your command and at such other places as may be thought necessary. He is an ingenious man and has given great satisfaction as an Engineer at Boston, from which he has just returned." 256 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Appointed Captain- Lieutenant of the 20! Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s on the ist of January, 1777, and promoted Captain on the 2tst of August, 1780, and honorably discharged the service on the 3d of November, 1783. The chevaux-de-frize and other obstructions, extending from the flats, below Murderer s Creek to Pollopel s Island, in the Summer of 1778, were constructed under his superintendence. West Point was then considered the strongest military post in America. In addition to the batteries upon the heights, a very heavy chain spanned and obstructed the passage of the Hudson River. It was wrought of ore taken from the Sterling Mines in Orange County, Machin superintending the work. Governor Clinton, writing to him on the subject of erecting works for the defense of Kingston, says : " I do not conceive it necessary to enclose the town, as the houses are stone, and will form if the windows are properly secured good lines of defence." In 1784 he built a grist, saw, and subsequently a coinage mill at Quassaick Creek, the outlet of Orange Lake, near Newburgh, N. Y., and gave it the name of New Grange. In 1787 he formed a partnership with a company, chartered by the State of Vermont, for coining copper, with a capital of ^300, under general privileges then allowed by Congress and the States, and subsequently united with another firm, consisting of Reuben Harman and Israel Van Voris, a goldsmith of New York City, for the limited term of eight years. Only a thousand pounds of copper appear to have been coined at Machines Mills, and in 1790 they were discontinued. He married Susan Van Nostrand, and died in his seventy-second year at Charleston, Schoharie County, N. Y. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. THOMAS MACHIN, his only son, was admitted in 1858, and died on the 1 8th of May, 1875, at the age of eighty-nine. EBENEZER MACOMBER j Captain 2d Rhode Island Regiment. Died on the 5th of April, 1829. He was an original member of the Rhode Island Society, but was trans ferred to the New York upon his removal to that State in 1827. Appointed Lieutenant in the 2d Rhode Island Regiment Colonel Israel Angel on the i2th of June, 1777. Subsequently promoted to be Captain, THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 257 when it was commanded by Colonel Jeremiah Olney. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. EDWARD MACOMBER, his second son, was admitted to the succession by the New York Society in 1849, being a resident of Brooklyn, and his elder brother declared " non compos mentis." PETER MAGEE Lieutenant \st New York Regiment. In a letter from his brother, James Magee, dated Fishkill, 2Qth of Novem ber, 1776, he speaks of him as a Second Lieutenant in the army stationed at Fort Constitution, and urging that he be retained as an officer under the new arrangement of the New York Line. Commissioned Ensign in the 3d New York Regiment Colonel Gansevoort s on the 2ist of November, 1776. Promoted to be Lieutenant in De Witt s Company on the ibth of May, 1779, and subsequently transferred to the ist New York Regiment, Continental Infantry Colonel Van Schaick s and served with it to the end of the war. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. SAMUEL MANSFIELD Captain New York Artillery. Died 5th of February, 1810. Appointed Captain 2d Regiment, Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s ist of January, 1777. Honorably discharged the service at his own request on the 8th of November, 1778. He was admitted to membership by the New York State Society in 1804. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN MARSH Ensign ist New York Regiment. Died in New York in 1798. He was appointed Sergeant of Hicks Company, ist New York Regiment, on the 1 5th of December, 1776, Sergeant- Major of the Colonel s Company on 258 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. the 22d of January, 1780, and on the 2pth of September following Ensign of the Sixth Company of the ist New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s and served with it until honorably discharged the service at the termination of the war. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. ELIHU MARSHALL Captain 2(1 New York Regiment. Died on the icth of April, 1806. In a certificate, without date, among the State historical manuscripts signed by Colonel Ritzema and the other field officers of the 3d New York Continental Regiment, he is mentioned as "a good officer, will make a good Adjutant ;" and in another, signed by General John Morin Scott, which is also without date, mentions him as being the Adjutant of it. Appointed Lieutenant in the 2d New York Regiment, Continental Infantry Colonel Van Cortlandt s on the 2ist of November, 1776 Subsequently promoted to be Captain, and deranged under the Act of Congress in 1780. Honorably discharged, after serving his country for five years. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll.* ALEXANDER McDOUGALL Major- General. Born on the Island of Islay. Scotland, in 1731. Died in New York on the 8th of June, 1786. His father brought him over, in 1755, to New York City, settled on a farm on its outskirts, where he commenced life as a printer ; then a captain of one of the coasting vessels of that day, and subsequently became commander of the privateer "Tiger," in 1758. When the Assembly, in 1769, considered the obnoxious bill for the New York City troops to overawe its inhabitants, he issued a n address, entitled " A Son of Liberty to the Betrayed Inhabitants of the Colony," for which he was imprisoned, and when indicted for libel, was defended by Governor George Clinton. After his release he became an active Son of Liberty in 1765. In 1774, July 6th, he presided at the meeting which selected delegates to the first * The Society assisted him during the later years of his life, and at his decease defrayed the expenses of his burial. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 259 Continental Congress from New York, and in the following year was elected to the Provincial Convention. He entered the service as Colonel in 1775, in command of the first four regiments of patriots. of New York who took up arms in opposition to the oppression of the Colonists by the Crown. Appointed Colonel of the ist New York Continental Infantry on the 3oth of June, 1776, under the Act of Congress passed on the 24th of March of that year. Promoted to be Brigadier-General on the Qth of August, 1776, and Major-General on the 2oth of October, 1777. He held the rear and superintended the debarkation of the American troops on the evening of the 2gth of August, 1776, after their repulse on Long Island. His brigade, composed of the ist and 3d New York ; 7th Connecticut, Colonel Charles Webb s ; ist Maryland, Colonel William Smalhvood s ; 4th Rhode Island, Colonel Christopher Lippett s ; and Captain Alexander Hamilton s Company of New York Artillery, served in the Battle of White Plains on the 28th of October, 1776, taking an important part in the action at Chatter- ton s Hill. In Washington s General Order, dated at Harlem Heights, on the i5th of that month, it was assigned to General Charles Lee s Division, which delayed so long to follow in the retreat through the Jersies. It covered the passage of the troops across the Hudson River at Peekskill, on the 23d of March, 1777. It also served at the Battle of Germantown, and subsequently at White Marsh, and then went into Winter quarters at Valley Forge. On the i6th of March, 1778, he was in command constructing the forts in the Highlands, as planned and located by THADDEUS KOSCIUSZKO, Colonel of Engineers, and after succeeding General Israel Putnam, was, on the 22d of June, 1781, in command at West Point after Arnold s escape. This position he held until a question having arisen between him and a senior officer in January, 1782, he was tried by court-martial for using disrespectful language on the occasion of an invasion of his authority, as he supposed. By its direc tion General Washington, with the approval of Congress, censured him ; not withstanding, he did not lose their respect for him. At the end of the war he was chosen chairman of the committee from New- burgh which carried the grievances of the army to Congress in the Winter of 1783- In 1784, on the gth of June, he was elected the first President of the Bank of New York, and served until the gth of May, 1785, when he resigned the position. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from New York in September, 1780, and in February, 1784, under the Articles. A State Senator from 1784 until his death. The first President of the New York State Society 2 6o THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. of the Cincinnati. Having married, he died, leaving an only daughter surviv ing him, the wife of Judge-Advocate General John Laurance, also a member of the Cincinnati Society. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN McDOUGALL LAURANCE, his only grandson, was the first hereditary member admitted by the New York State Society in 1798. He died on the 22d of May, 1835, at French Creek, Jefferson Co., N. Y. RANALD STEPHEN McDOUGALL Staff rank of Major, Aide-de-Camp. Appointed Second Lieutenant ist Regiment New York Continental Infantry Colonel McDougall s on the 28th of June, 1775. Served in the Canada Campaign as Second Lieutenant of Captain Goforth s- Company. In Captain Richard Varick s list, dated 28th of March, 1776, of officers not provided for, he is mentioned as "a brave officer," and again in another as "a prisoner." He was subsequently Aide-dc-Camp to General McDougall, with the rank of Major. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. CHARLES MCKNIGHT Senior Surgeon of the Flying Hospital. Born at Cranberry, N. J., on the loth of October, 1750. Died on the loth of November, "1791. He came from a family who crossed from Scotland over to Ireland early in the 1 7th Century. His great-grandfather lost an arm in 1790 at the Battle of the Boyne. His grandfather became a Presbyterian preacher of the gospel in the Emerald Isle, but emigrating to America in 1740, settled in New Jersey. His father followed "the calling," and from his sermons, opposing the oppres sion of the Crown, made enemies of the Tories, who retaliated by burning, in 1777, his church at Middletown Point. They then arrested and threw him in prison, and from their unchristianlike treatment and cruelties he died in Jan uary, 1778. His elder brother, Captain Richard McKnight, who underwent the same torture in one of the British prison-ships at the Wallabout, died also for the cause. Appointed Senior Surgeon of the Flying Hospital of the Middle Depart ment of the Continental Army on the nth of April, 1777. At one time, it is THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. z6l claimed, he acted as the Chief Physician and Surgeon-General in command of the Huts or Hospital at the Cantonments on the Hudson River, near New Windsor. It is recorded of him : " That in the discharge of the important and arduous duties of his station, his talents and indefatigable zeal were equally conspicuous, and that he was preeminently faithful in their per formance. " At the close of the war he was chosen Professor of Surgery and Anatomy in Columbia College (also a trustee), delivering celebrated lectures to a numer ous class on his specialties, with such ability as won for him extended approba tion. His life was one of constant activity as a practitioner and teacher, until his forty-first year, when, from a protracted illness, the result of an injury received in the war, he was compelled to terminate his useful career. President Duer said of him : " Doctor McKnight, though very eminent as a physician, was particularly distinguished as a practical surgeon, and at the time of his death was without a rival in this branch of his profes sion. Gifted by nature with talents peculiarly calculated for the exercise of the important duties of a surgeon, his education in an especial manner enabled him to attain the highest reputation " He married Mary, the only daughter of General John Morin Scott, by whom he had one son and four daughters. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN MORIN SCOTT McKNIGHT, M.D., his only son, was admitted in 1806, and died on the 8th of May, 1848. CHARLES SCOTT McKNIGHT, only son of the last, was admitted in 1853, and served on the Standing Committee many years. DANIEL McLANE Lieutenant $d Artillery, Massachusetts. Appointed Second Lieutenant of the 3d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel John Crane on the pth of November, 1776. Wounded at the Battle of Rhode Island on the 2pth of August, 1778, but was again on duty at Springfield, Mass., in January, 1779. He was at one time the Judge-Advocate of a court martial held in Provi dence, R. I., on the 7th of September, 1779. On the 3oth of September, 1783, he was honorably discharged. Reap- pointed Lieutenant of the United States Battalion of Artillery Captain John 2 62 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Doughty s on the 4th of March, 1791, and promoted to be Captain of the same on the 4th of November, 1791. Honorably discharged the service at his own request on the 2d of April, 1793. When at Charleston, S. C., he associated with the Society in that State. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. DANIEL MENEMA Surgeon 2d New York Regiment. Appointed Surgeon s Mate of the 3d Regiment New York Continental Infantry Colonel Rudolph Ritzema on the 27th of April, 1776. Promoted on the ist of August, 1778, Surgeon of the 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt s and mustered to January, 1782. He was a resident and the Sheriff of Queens County, L. I., in 1792. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. ANDREW MOODIE Captain New York Artillery. Died on the i8th of September, 1787. He was a resident of and enlisted from Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Appointed by General Montgomery, on the 6th of December, 1775, Lieutenant in the New York Provincial Company of Artillery Captain John Lamb s. In the daring assault on Quebec, on the 3tst of December, 1775, while serving as Adjutant, he was taken prisoner with most of his company. Kept in close confinement until paroled on the 3d of August, 1776, and then sent in a cartel to Elizabethtown, N. J., arriving there on the 2oth of September, 1776, and exchanged on the i8th of April, 1777. It appears by the State Records of 1775, "That the treasurer was ordered to pay ^5 monthly to the wife of Andrew Moodie, an Adjutant, who went to Canada, and was taken prisoner on the 3ist oPDecember. " Appointed Captain of the 2d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s on the ist of January, 1777. On the 3oth of September, 1783, he was promoted Major (by brevet), and continued in the service until honor ably discharged, with a portion of his regiment, on the ist of January, 1784. On the 1 7th of April following he was appointed Commissary-General of New York. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 263 JOSEPH MORRELL* Ensign \st New York Regiment. He entered the service as Sergeant of Davis Company of the 4th New York Regiment Colonel^.. B. Livingston s on the loth of December, 1776, and Sergeant-Major on the ist of March, 1779. Appointed Ensign in the same on the ist of June, 1779, and on the consolidation of the New York Line was transferred to the ist New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s and served in Aorson s Company until honorably discharged. Was a member of the New York Legislature from Orange County in 1810. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. WILLIAM WALTON MORRIS Lieutenant New York Artillery. Born in 1758. Died on the 5th of April, 1832. He was the second son of Lewis Morris (the Signer], and several of his family opposed the Crown. Lewis was an Aide-de Camp to General Greene, Staats to General \Nayne and Jacob to General Charles Lee, while the youngest, Richard Valentine, subsequently became a Commodore in the United States Navy. He derived the name of Walton from his mother s family, of the Walton House in Pearl Street, New York City, lately pulled down, and where British officers were once feted on account of their victories in Canada at the time of the French War. On the 3d of July, 1777, the General Assembly appointed him Quarter master of the ist Regiment of State Volunteer Infantry Colonel Peter Enos raised for sea coast and frontier defense, and in the Middle Department it was detailed under General Israel Putnam for the defense of the Highlands along the Hudson. When this regiment was mustered out on the ist of January, 1778, he con tinued in service under the reorganization of the New York Line with the same rank, until again discharged on the ist of March, 1779. Reappointed on the 2 ist of December, 1781, Second Lieutenant of the 2d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s and became its Quartermaster on the fol lowing ist of January, 1783, and was once more mustered out, with a part of * He subscribed his name to the New York Roll as J. Morrell, and subsequently it appears again subscribed as Joseph Morrell, but in the handwriting of the Secretary. 264 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. his regiment, on the 3d of November following, upon the reduction caused by the recent treaty of peace. On the 20th of October, 1786, he reentered the service as a Lieutenants. the 3d Regiment of the United States Infantry, commanded by Lieutenant- Colonel David Humphrey, and raised for special service in the West, but the emergency passing, he was again honorably discharged, with his regiment, on the 2ist of April, 1787, so terminating his military career. In 1787 he was, with Abraham Hardenburgh, one of the Commissioners to determine the boundary line between New York and Pennsylvania. After the war was over he sold his interest in Morrisania, and removed to Ballston Spa, Saratoga County, devoting himself to breeding Merino sheep, then just intro duced by Chancellor Livingston as promising valuable results. He married Sarah Carpender, by whom he had a large family of sons and daughters. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. LEWIS MORRIS, his eldest son. was elected to membership in 1855, but died without leaving issue or subscribing his name to the Institution. WILLIAM GOUVERNEUR MORRIS (Major U. S. A.), his grandson, eldest son of his second son, General William Morris, was admitted in the succession in 1870, and died at Sitka, Alaska, on the 3ist of January, 1884, without male issue. PETER NESTELL Captain- Lieutenant New York Artillery. Died in 1817. He resided in and enlisted from New York City as a Matross in the New York Provincial Artillery Company Captain Lamb s in June, 1775. In the assault on Quebec, on the 3ist of December, 1775, he was taken prisoner with many others of his company, and enlisted in the British service on the 6th of January, 1776. Soon afterward, escarping to Montreal, he rejoined the remainder of his company, then under Captain-Lieutenant Isaiah Wool, receiving a severe reprimand from Captain Lamb. The following is from Leake s Biography of John Lamb : " The faithful fellow was only practicing a ruse in order to escape and join the company at Montreal, which he did, and served with fidelity and zeal until he was discharged, Nor had Colonel Lamb any cause to blush for the officers of his selection, for all performed good service to the country." THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 265 At the end of his year s enlistment he was appointed Second Lieutenant in Colonel Lamb s Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery, dating from January, 1777. Promoted to be Lieutenant on the Qth of November, 1778, in Captain George Fleming s Company, and to Captain-Lieutenant, while on the march to Yorktown, on the 3d of September, 1781. Honorably discharged with his regiment. He is recorded attending a meeting of the Virginia State Society on the i4th of December, 1808. His names appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JAMES NICHOLSON Captain United States Navy. Born in Chestertown, Md., in 1737. Died in New York City on the 26. of September, 1804. He appears to have subscribed his name to the roll of the Pennsylvania State Society, and in 1788 associated with and signed also the roll in New York.* Captain Samuel Nicholson, an original member of the Massachusetts State Society, was his brother, and another brother, John, was also a Captain in the Navy. After the capture of Havanna, in 1762, he resided in New York, and entered the Royal Navy. Subsequently in 1775 ne commanded a Maryland vessel, the " Defence," in which, in the following year, he appears to have been on the American side, and successfully recapturing several vessels which had been taken by the British. Appointed in June, 1776, to the command of the twenty-eight gun ship, the " Virginia," and in the following January succeeded Commodore Ezekiel Hop kins, the Commander-in-Chief of the American Navy. His vessel being blockaded in the Chesapeake, he and his crew joined the land forces and took part in the Battle of Trenton. When subsequently attempting to run the blockade, she was captured, but they all managed to escape, and Congress afterwards acquitted him from any blame. Having taken command of the frigate " Trumbull," carrying thirty-eight guns, he, on the 2d of June, 1780, brought her into action with the British ship " Wyatt," where he lost thirty of his men, and off the coast of Delaware she was subsequently captured by the enemy s ships, the " Iris " and the " General Monk," and dismantled. * See ante, page 95. 2 66 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. After the war he made New York City his residence, and in 1801 was appointed a delegate to the State Convention, and in 1804 United States Commissioner of Loans. He married Frances Witter, by whom he left surviving him a son and five daughters. CHARLES NICHOLSON, his great-grandson, was admitted to the succes sion by the Pennsylvania State Society in 1883. Captain Sappers and Miners. Born in 1742 in Scotland. Died on the 2oth of November, 1809, at New- burgh, N. Y. He came to New York in 1770 from the west coast of Scotland, where he married Jane Wallace, a descendant of the Regent, William Wallace. In the State archives he appears to have applied for a Captain s commission on the i Qth of February, 1776, stating that "he could raise a company from among his acquaintances." General Washington, appreciating his determined character, appointed him Lieutenant in a corps of engineers, and he was stationed with it on duty along the Hudson, assisting in the construction of the forts on the Highlands and laying the chain cable across the river. Promoted to be Captain of a Corps of Sappers and Miners on the 25th of April, 1779. He was stationed at West Point when Arnold fled. After the war he settled on a farm about two miles west of Newburgh, where he became the Justice of the Peace, arresting and fining not only General James Clinton (his neighbor), and Colonel Morgan Lewis (afterwards Governor of New York), but even his own son, for. violating the Sabbath by driving or traveling through the town. He represented New York City in the State Legislature in 1788, when Colonel Varick was the Speaker, at Poughkeepsie. In the graveyard at Newburgh the following inscription, by the Reverend John M. Mason, D.D., marks his tomb : ^/ " Under this stone, reposes in hope the flesh of Daniel Niven Esq. Strong sense, unaided by early cultivation, but united with tried integrity, recommend him to respect and confidence devoted with unostentatious zeal to the best interests of society, he approved himself as a private Christian, unassuming and exemplary as a Soldier in the Army, alert and gallant as a Civil Magistrate, a terror to evil doers, enforcing wholesome laws without fear, favor, or affection as an officer in the church of God, disinterested vigilant public spirited, faithful, and having passed through an active and varied life, honored by the esteem of good and the fears of bad men, he finished his course in the consolations of that gospel which he had loved." His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 267 WILLIAM NORTH Captain \6th Massachusetts Regiment, Aide-de-Camp. Born at Fort Frederick, Pemaquid, Maine, in 1755. Died in New York City on the 3d of January, 1836. He was the son of Captain John North, of Thomaston, Maine, and was prepared by early education and associations to fill the positions he -secured in after life. In 1777 he was commissioned Captain in Colonel Henry Jackson s Massa chusetts Regiment. In 1778 he was appointed an Aide to Baron Steuben, with the rank of Major, soon became a favorite, and occupied in training the troops under his system of military instruction. Accompanying Steuben to Virginia, he was at the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. Steuben left him the bulk of the property which he divided among his military companions. When the war was over he was appointed Adjutant and Inspector-General of the Army, with the rank of Brigadier-General. He served for several terms in the New York Legislature, and once as the Speaker of the House. He was one of the Board of Canal Commissioners, and in 1798 chosen -one of New York s Senators in Congress. In 1812 he was appointed Adjutant- General of the Army, but declined to act. By his marriage with Mary, daughter "of the Honorable James Duane, he became connected and identified with many prominent families in the early history of New York, where he long held the position of an esteemed and useful citizen. He signed the roll of the Massachusetts Society with his regiment at New Windsor, and his one month s pay was paid by the Paymaster-General, John Pierce, to their fund. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roil. WILLIAM AUGUSTUS STEUBEN NORTH, his only surviving son, was admitted in 1837, and died in 1845. NATHANIEL NORTON Captain ^th New York Regiment. Born in 1743. Died on the 7th of October, 1837. He was admitted a member of the New York Society in 1823. The following General Order was published on the gth of October* 1837 : "The President of the Society with deep regret announces to its members that Captain Nathaniel Norton, one of their respected companions in the War of the Revolution and the most aged member of the New York State Society, departed this life in the ninety-fifth year of his age. 268 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. " Captain Norton entered the service of his country as a private in the Provincial Corps in the French War of 1756, was a Corporal in the forces commanded by General Bradstreet in the year 1760, and was stationed for some time at Oswego, N. Y. On the 2ist of November, 1776, he was appointed and commissioned as a Lieu/enant in the 4th New York (Continental) Regiment Colonel Henry B. Livingston promoted \.o-Captain on the 23d of April, 1778, and continued in it until 1781, when the five New York Regiments, by a resolution of Congress, were con solidated to two, and although he was appointed in them, yet such was the estimate of his services and usefulness, that his pay and appointments were continued until the close of the war. " He was appointed by Governor Clinton a Commissioner to procure loans of money from the inhabitants of Long Island in aid of the war, and the better to conceal this object and fulfill its duties, was appointed Captain of a small Government vessel called the Suffolk, then cruising in the Sound between Connecticut and Long Island. " Captain Norton did duty with the corps de reserve at the Battle of Monmouth, on the the 28th of June, 1778, and was engaged with the artillery in that action. He afterwards accompanied General Sullivan in the expedition against the Six Nations of Indians, then occupy ing the western part of this State. Sickness prevented his taking part with his regiment in the action of Bemis Heights and Stiilwatei, which led to the capture or surrender of the British Army, commanded by General Burgoyne. "After the close of the War of Independence he retired to a farm on Long Island until 1790, when he became the Pastor of a Baptist church in Connecticut, and subsequently at Herki- mer in this State, until 1805, when his age and infirmities rendered it expedient for him to retire and pass the rest of his life, respected by all who knew him, in New York City. " The members of the Society are invited to attend the funeral of their deceased companion on Tuesday next, the zoth inst. , precisely at four o clock in the afternoon, from No. 192 Varick Street, two doors above King Street ; and they are requested to wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days in honor of the deceased. By order of Major-General MORGAN LEWIS, President. "CHARLES GRAHAM, Secretary." His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. CHARLES NUKERK Captain-Lieutenant zd New York Regiment. Died in 1822. He was an Associator for liberty at Kingston, Ulster County, N. Y., in June, 1775. Appointed in August, 1776, Second Lieutenant in the 3d New York Regiment Colonel Rudolph Ritzema. In a report of General John Morin Scott and the field officers, they certify to his being " a good officer and recom mend him for promotion." On the 2ist of November, 1776, he was promoted to be Lieutenant of the Eighth Company of the 2d New York Regiment Continental Infantry Colonel Van Cortlandt s. In October, 1778, he was chosen Captain- Lieutenant, and Adjutant in Jan uary, 1780, serving as such until deranged by the act of Congress consolidating the New York Line on t-he ist of January, 1781. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 269 At the end of the war he settled in Albany, and after the death of Pieter Schuyler, Jr., the eldest grandson of the first Mayor of that place, married his widow, Gertrude Lansing,* but died, leaving no issue surviving him. He adopted an only nephew called after him, whom he made his heir. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. DANIEL PARKER, JR. Captain- Lieutenant $d Artillery, Massachusetts. Born at Boston in 1761. Died in May, 1796, at Salem, Mass. Appointed Second Lieutenant in Gridley s Regiment of Massachusetts Con tinental Artillery, on the igth of May, 1775, and fought in it at the Battle of Bunker Hill with his brother, Elias (who was afterwards commissioned a Lieutenant in Colonel Crane s Artillery, and became an original member of the Massachusetts State Society). After it was incorporated under the command of Colonel Henry Knox he continued in it until its reorganization for the war, on the ist of January, 1777, as the 3d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel John Crane when he was promoted Lieutenant of Captain Sargent s Company, and stationed on Quaker Hill. Subsequently he was appointed the Captain- Lieutenant of it, and served as such until the 25th of October, 1778. He resigned in 1779, after four years service, and, having graduated at Harvard in 1773, taught a Latin grammar school in Salem until he died. His widow Catherine, residing at Newark, N. J., received aid from the New York Society s fund until January, 1802. His eldest surviving brother, Edward Parker, made an application to be admitted in the succession, dated from Jamaica, L. I., on the 28th of Septem ber, 1812, but which does not appear to have been entertained. CHARLES PARSONS Captain \st New York Regiment. Born at Northampton, Mass, i7th of September, 1742. Died at Williams- town, Mass., on the 8th of March, 1814. He entered the service in 1776 as an Orderly Sergeant in the ist New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s. * Pieter Schuyler, Jr., her first husband, having made his will, leaving everything to her, the wealth of this branch of the Schuyler family was switched off, as it were, from the main track. Mrs. Gertrude Lansing Miller, a daughter of the nephew, now possesses the diamond necklace presented by Queen Anne in 1710 to Colonel Pieter Schuyler for his wife, when attending her Court with the Chiefs of the Six Nations. 2JO THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Appointed Lieutenant of the Fourth Company on the yth of October, 1776, and chosen, on the ist of September, 1778, as its Captain- Lieutenant. Pro moted Captain of the Sixth Company on the 26th of March, 1779, and served as such until mustered out of service in 1782. He was stationed with his company at Ticonderoga, and up the Mohawk at Fort Schuyler, during the Summer of 1780; participated in the sufferings of the troops at Valley Forge ; wounded in the Battle of Monmouth, and finally present at the Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown. He married Lucy Baldwin, by whom he had six sons and one daughter (Mrs. John Anderson). His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. HENRY PAWLING Captain 2d New York Regiment. Died in August, 1825. He was an Associator in Marbletown, Ulster County, and commissioned Second Lieutenant of the Fifth Company of the 2d Regiment, New York Conti nental Infantry Colonel James Clinton on the 26th of February, 1776. Appointed Lieutenant, on the 2ist of November, 1776, in the 5th New York Regiment Colonel Du Bois. Taken prisoner, at the capture of Fort Montgomery, on the 6th of October, 1777. Promoted, after his exchange, Captain the regiment being then com manded by Colonel Van Cortlandt on the 23d of June, 1778., and remained in its service until honorably discharged in 1782. In 1798 he represented Montgomery County in the New York State Legis lature. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. SAMUEL TREDWELL PELL Captain id New York Regiment. Born on the 26th of July, 1755, at the Manor of Pelham. Died there, > unmarried, on the 29th of December, 1786. It is claimed that the first proprietor of that large estate purchased from the Indians, known as the Manor of Pelham, was a "gentleman of the bedchamber and a favorite of Charles I.," and foreseeing the coming political complications in the old country, invested in lands in the New World as early as 1654. Sending his nephew, John Pell, to settle thereon, who, losing his life by drown ing in Long Island Sound, off City Island, was succeeded by his son Thomas THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 271 Pell, who married the Indian squaw " Anna." Their son Philip had a son Philip, who was the father of Captain Samuel T. Pell, and the patriot Deputy Judge- Advocate Philip Pell, Jr.* At the age of twenty he applied for a commission in the army, and on the 28th of June, 1775, was appointed a Second Lieutenant in the 4th Regiment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel James Holmes. His commission was handed him on the i3th of July by Gouverneur Morris, and on the nth of August another was forwarded to him with rank as Lieutenant, both of which are now preserved among the State papers. Appointed on the 2ist of November, 1776, Captain in the 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt s he served with it, after the reduction of the New York Quota, until finally honorably discharged the service in 1782. After the war he settled on his portion of the Manor of Pelham, devoting himself to his farm and the raising of blooded stock, until his decease, caused by injuries sustained by the fall of his horse. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. ROBERT PEMBERTON Captain, Spencer s Regiment, New Jersey. Died in 1788. Appointed Lieutenant in Colonel Oliver Spencer s New Jersey Regiment on the i4th of June, 1777, and Adjutant on the loth of October following. Pro moted to be Captain in the same on the ist of January, 1778, and serving until the close of the war. He appears to have paid one month s pay into the fund of the New Jersey Society. On the 5th of July, 1785, he was elected Secretary of the New York State Society, which office he held during the inauguration of the first honorary members, on the 4th of July, 1786, and until his decease. f His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. NATHANIEL PENDLETON Staff rank of Captain, Aide-de-Camp, Born in Virginia. Died in New York on the 2ist of October, 1821. He was an original member of the Virginia State Society. In 1796 he * He prosecuted the charges for insubordination made by General McDougall against CofanefHenry Beekman Livingston, in regard to the burning of Esopus on the ist of June, 1777. t See ante, page 89. 2 y 2 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. moved to New York City, meeting with the Society in this State in 1798, and becoming an active member of its Standing Committee in the following year. Entering the army in 1775 from Virginia, he served until appointed Lieu tenant in Colonel Moses Rawling s Maryland Regiment, which, after the Battle of Long Island, retreated to Fort Washington, where it engaged Sir William Howe s forces on the i6th of November, 1776, and, with a three-gun battery, kept in check the column of General Knyphausen s Hessians, until compelled to fall back, when he was taken prisoner. Exchanged at Elizabeth, N. J., on the 1 8th of October, 1780. Upon his release he was appointed Aide- de-Camp on the staff of General Greene, with rank of Captain, and accompanied him in the Southern Campaign. He received the thanks of Congress for gallantry at Eutaw Springs on the 8th of September, 1781. He married Susan Bard, by whom he had four sons and one daughter (Mrs. Archibald Rogers). After the war he settled in New York, where he became a prominent lawyer, a judge, and subsequently, in 1816-17, represented Dutchess County where his country seat was in the New York Legislature. While stationed at Charleston he met with the State Society of South Carolina. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. EDMUND H. PENDLETON, his eldest son, was elected a member by the New York State Society in 1823, but never signed the Institution. He married Fanny Jones, of New York, dying without issue. GEORGE HUNT PENDLETON, his eldest grandson, and son of the statesman and soldier of the second war for independence (Colonel Nathaniel Greene Pendleton, of Ohio), was elected to membership by this State Society on the 5th of July, 1886. He was appointed, by President Cleveland, United States Minister to Germany, residing at the Court of Berlin. WILLIAM PETERS Ensign zd New York Regiment. Appointed, on the 2 gth of June, 1781, Ensign of the Eighth Company of the 2 d New York Regiment, Continental Infantry Colonel Van Cortlandt and served until finally discharged, with his regiment, in 1782. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 273 RICHARD PLATT Staff rank of Major, Aide-de- Camp. Born in 1754. Died on the 3d of March, 1830. His great-grandfather, Epenetus Platt, settled at Huntington, L. I., in 1672, and was imprisoned for resistance to the oppression of Sir Edmund Andros in 1681. He represented Suffolk County in the Colonial General Assembly from 1723 to 1737. Some of his descendants went to Dutchess County, and subsequently to their patent of twenty thousand acres of land on Lake Champlain, now Plattsburgh, N. Y. Jonas Platt, who died in 1775, at the age of forty-four, left his son Richard to act for himself in those troubled times. His mother, Temperance, was the granddaughter of Richard Smith, known as "Bull Smith." At twenty-one years of age he was settled on his farm at Smithfield, L. I., and when the British aggressions alarmed the Colonists into organizing for mutual protection or resistance, he signed one of the earlier declarations as an Associator for Suffolk County on the 8th of May, 1775. On the 28th of June following he was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in Colonel McDougall s Regiment, and accompanied the army which in that year invaded Canada, under the command of General Schuyler. He was at the capture of St. Johns, Montreal, and gallantly fought with General Montgomery in the unfortunate attack on Quebec, and, acting as Adjutant-General, was entrusted with the preparations for storming the city. Promoted Lieutenant in Colonel Van Schaick s Regiment,* and on the 2ist of November, 1776, Captain of the Fifth Company of the 2d New York Regi ment Colonel Van Cortlandt s. General McDougall subsequently appointed him one of his Aides, with the rank of Major, and as such he rendered important assistance in the retreat of the troops from Long Island and in their march to White Plains. Appointed Deputy Quartermaster-General of the Main Army by General Orders, dated Totowa, 24th of October, 1780, and accompanied the expedition to Virginia, being present at the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown on the 2ist of October, 1781. He continued in the army until the close of the war. President Duer, of Columbia College, in his " Reminiscences of an Old New Yorker," gives the following account of the celebration of the adoption of the new Constitution of the State : " A day for the purpose having been more than once fixed upon, and postponed, in the hope that the Convention of the State then in session at Poughkeepsie would accede to the Union, * See ante, page 156. 274 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. the Committee of Arrangements, of whom Colonel Richard Platt was Chairman, found it impos sible any longer to oppose the patriotic ardor of their constituents, and accordingly appointed the 23d of July, 1788, for the celebration. The ratification of the new Constitution by New York, though considered eventually certain, was not, from the opposition it encountered in the State Convention, then thought to be immediate, and the accession to it by that body within three days after the celebration was in a measure ascribed to the universal enthusiasm in its favor manifested on that occasion." This was one of New York s most brilliant pageants, and in it the original " Cincinnati " were everywhere prominent. Major Platt rode ahead as the Grand Marshal of the day. Colonel Morgan Lewis, Major Nicholas Fish, Aquila Giles, James Fairlie, William Popham and Abijah Hammond were his Aides, and Colonel Anthony Walton White, in his effective uniform of the Con tinental Cavalry, on a white charger, attended by two Oriental grooms, carrying the arms of the United States. Major L Enfant, who conceived the design of the National Capitol at Washington, planned the decorations for the occasion. Major Platt was elected Treasurer of the New York State Society in 1788, and appointed Commissary-General "by the State during the War of 1812. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. WILLIAM POPHAM Staff rank of Captain, Aide-de-Camp. Born on the i9th of September, 1752, in County Cork, Ireland. Died in New York in September, 1847. At nine years of age his parents brought him to this country, and having settled at Newark, New Jersey, educated him for the ministry, but current events soon changed this intended career for him. At the commencement of the Revolution he entered the service as a Lieu tenant of a company of Minute Men in a New York regiment before the formal organization of the regiments for the war which it is claimed he had raised. In the Battle of Long Island he captured, with a detachment of troops under his command, eighteen of the British, including a Captain Rugg, and > brought them into headquarters in New York City with the retreat, for which he was complimented by " His Excellency," General Washington, at the time. General James Clinton appointed him on his Staff, as one of his Aides while stationed in the Highlands of the Hudson in 1777, and afterwards, in 1779, he accompanied him on Sullivan s Expedition. Subsequently he was transferred to the Staff of Baron Steuben, with the rank of Captain. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 275 He continued in the service to the end of the war, having participated in the action at White Plains and the Battle of Brandywine. He married Mary, the daughter of Judge Richard Morris, and his wife s farm at Scarsdale, Westchester County, N. Y., became his residence in 1787, where he lived to be ninety-five years of age, respected and beloved by all who knew him. For many years he held an important civil office connected with our Courts of Justice, and on the 4th of July, 1844,* was elected the President of this Society, which position he held until his decease. At a triennial meeting in the same year, held in Philadelphia, he was chosen President-General. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. WILLIAM SHERBROOK POPHAM, his eldest surviving son, succeeded him in the Society in 1848. Chosen Secretary in 1860, and Vice-President in 1862, which office he retained until his decease, on the i8th of June, 1885, in his ninety-third year.f JOHN PRAY Captain 1 2th Massachusetts Regiment. Born at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Died in New York City in Septem ber, 1812. He was an original member of the Massachusetts Society, and was trans ferred, on the 4th of July, 1799, to the New York, upon the payment of one month s pay (forty dollars). He first joined the army at Lexington, and was commissioned Ensign in Colonel Phinney s Regiment on the ist of April, 1776. Appointed, on the i2th of September, 1778, a Lieutenant in Colonel Bigelow s i5th Massachusetts Regiment, and served with it in General Sullivan s Rhode Island Campaign. Commissioned Captain, on the 5th of July, 1779, in the i2th Massachusetts Regiment Colonel Ebenezer Sprout. He was in charge of the Block House at Dobb s Ferry, N. Y., on the nth of March, 1781, as the Water Guard. Present at the Battle of White Plains, and with the army while encamping for the Winter at Valley Forge. He married Jane Mesier, by whom he had one son and two daughters Mrs. John D. Stagg and Mrs. Allen C. Lee. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll.J * See ante, page 116. t See ante, page 146. $ His grandson, William Pray Lee, was admitted in 1860, under the resolution of 1857, as a life member, and died without male issue in 1872. 276 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. THEODORE STAGG, his grandson, was elected in 1858, but failed to sign the Roll. WILLIAM PRICE Lieutenant ^d Artillery, Massachusetts. Died at West Point in July, 1790. Appointed Second Lieutenant in Colonel Henry Knox s Regiment of Conti nental Artillery, on the ist of May, 1776, and continued with it on its reorgani zation for the war as the 3d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel John Crane s on the ist of January, 1777. Promoted to be Lieutenant in the same on the i2th of September, 1778. Retained in the service on the reduc tion of his regiment, in Captain Thomas Vose s Company, on the i2th of June, 1783, pursuant to the orders of his Excellency, General Washington, promul gated at Army Headquarters, Newburgh, N. Y., dated 2d of June, 1783. Appointed Deputy-Commissary of Ordinance and Military Stores at West Point on the ist of January, 1784, upon the discharge of the remainder of his regiment, and continued in this position until relieved by Captain George Fleming, on the 22d of March, 1787. He signed the Massachusetts Roll, with his regiment at the Cantonments on the Hudson, and his one month s pay was paid over to that fund by the Paymaster-General. Residing in this State, he met with and signed the roll of the New York Society. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. Surg eon s Mate zd New York Regiment. Appointed Surgeons Mate of the 4th Regiment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel Henry B. Livingston s and transferred to the 2d Regiment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel Van Cortlandt s on the ist of Janu ary, 1881. Honorably discharged the service on the 3d of November, 1783. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll.* * On the Half-Pay Roll appears another Abner Prior, Major of Connecticut Regiment. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 277 THOMAS RANDALL Captain $d Artillery, Massaclmsetts. Died in New York in January, 1811. He was an original member of the Massachusetts Society, but on the 4th of July, 1803, met with the New York State Society and subscribed his name to its Roll. At the outbreak of the war he entered the service, on the 24th of April, 1775, m tne artillery, at the Siege of Boston, where he resided. Commissioned Lieutenant, in Knox s Artillery, on the ist of January, 1776, and promoted to be Captain- Lieutenant of it in the same year. Resigned on the ist of May, 1779, from his regiment, with the rank of Captain, it being then the 3d Artillery Colonel Crane s. He was in the Battle of Long Island on the 27th of August, 1776. Taken prisoner on the 22d of September, 1777, at Paoli, while endeavoring to bring off his guns, when Wayne was surprised by General Gray. Wounded and left for dead on the field at Germantovvn. After the war he became Captain of a New York merchant ship, and the partner of Major Samuel Shaw, of Boston, in the Canton trade. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JACOB REED, JR. Captain New York Artillery. Born in New York City on the 23d of April, 1755. I^ied on the 3 ist of May, 1838, unmarried. He was the eldest son of Jacob Reed, of Switzerland, and Jane Ellsworth, widow of John Minthorne and great-granddaughter of Wolfert Webber, who owned the Collect in New York City in 1649, by grant from Governor Peter Stuyvesant. With his nephews, Captain John and Daniel Waldron, he assisted Lieutenant- Colonel Marinus Willett in removing the royal arms from the New York City Hall. The State archives mention him as follows : " Jacob Reed, Jr., is desirous of entering the service of his country. Would be particularly obliged to Colonel Brasher in interesting for him, as he thinks himself capable. Would wish for a Lieutenancy, but rather than fail would accept a Second. 6th February, 1776." 278 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Under this application he was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in Captain Bauman s Artillery Company, on the i6th of April, 1776, and was attached to Colonel Knox s Artillery Regiment. On the ist of February, 1777, he was promoted to Captain- Lieutenant in Walker s Company in Colonel Lamb s 2d New York Regiment, Continental Corps of Artillery, and promoted, on the 23d of March, 1781, to be Captain in the same. He resigned from the service on the 22d of March, 1782. He visited Europe a few years after peace was declared, and after his return lived in New York City in retirement, respected and beloved by all who knew him. He lies buried in Trinity Cemetery in New York City. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. JOHN REED Lieutenant New York Artillery. Born on the pth of August, 1759. Died unmarried, in September, 1797. He appears to have been an Associator in Beekman s Precinct, Dutchess County, in July, 1775, an< ^ to have enlisted as a private in Captain Van Zandt s Company of Colonel Lasher s Regiment, on the 5th of November, 1776. His brother, Captain Jacob Reed, Jr., applied for a vacant Lieutenancy in his own regiment for him, by a communication dated Artillery Park, near New Windsor, on the 1 7th of December, 1780. Appointed Lieutenant of the 2d Regiment, Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s on the 28th of June, 1781. Honorably discharged the service with a portion of his regiment, on the ist of January, 1784 His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN R. B. RODGERS Surgeon $d Pennsylvania Regiment. j Born in 1758. Died on the .?9th of January, 1833. He was a member of the Pennsylvania Society, and was transferred to New York in 1801. Appointed, on the ist of October, 1779, Surgeon of the ist Regiment, Penn sylvania Continental Infantry Colonel James Chambers and subsequently to Colonel Daniel Broadhead s. Transferred, on the ist of January, 1783, to the 3d Regiment, Pennsylvania Continental Infantry Colonel Richard Butler s THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 279 on the reduction of the Pennsylvania Line. He was on duty both as a Gar rison Surgeon and in the General Hospital. Honorably discharged the service, with his regiment, on the 3d of Novem ber, 1783. He died at his residence in New York City in the seventy-fifth year of his age, beloved and esteemed in the army for his talents and humanity, and after wards as an active and useful member of society. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN KEARNEY RODGERS, his eldest son, was admitted by the New York State Society in 1833, and died in November, 1851. JOHN KEARNEY RODGERS, his grandson, eldest son of the last, was admitted in 1852. JEDEDIAH ROGERS Captain 2il Dragoons, Connecticut. Originally he was a member of the Connecticut Society and resided at Norwalk, but in 1797 he associated with the New York State Society. He appears to have been appointed Lieutenant of the 5th Connecticut Regi ment on the 1 2th of July, 1777 Colonel Philip Bradley s and subsequently transferred to the 2d Dragoons (of Connecticut) Colonel Elisha Sheldon s and promoted at the end of the war to be Captain, under the act of Congress. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. WILHELMUS RYCKMAN Lieutenant \st New York Regiment. Appointed Ensign of Captain Benjamin Hicks Fifth Company in the ist New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s on the 2ist of November, 1776, and also served with that rank in Captain Nicholas Van Rensselaer s Company in 1780. Promoted to be Lieutenant of Captain Ten Broeck s Company on the 5th of April, 1781, and served until honorably discharged the service in 1782. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. 280 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. JOHN SANTFORD Captain, Spencer s (Additional} Regiment, New Jersey. Died in 1808. He was admitted by the New York Society in 1787. On the ist of August, 1775, he headed the list of Associates for Inde pendence of Southampton, Suffolk County, and on the i3th of the next month was appointed Captain of the Ninth Company of the 2d Battalion of the Suffolk County Minute Men, under Colonel David Mulford, and was chosen, on the 6th of June following, Adjutant of Colonel William Malcom s Regiment, in Brigadier-General John Morin Scott s Brigade. Upon the recommendation of his Colonel, on the 5th of November, he applied for a commission in the Con tinental Line, and was commissioned a Captain in Colonel Oliver Spencer s (additional) Continental Regiment, with which he served until honorably dis charged. He married Susan Weller, and died, leaving but one child, Elizabeth, who became the wife of William A. Davis, of New York City, who was a Lieutenant in the War of 1812. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. DIRCK SCHUYLER Ensign 2d New York Regiment. Born on the 29th of November, 1761, at Albany. Died unmarried. He was the third son of Sheriff Harmanus Schuyler, and a grandson of Nicholas Schuyler, who resided up the Mohawk Valley. His elder brother Nicholas was the Surgeon of Colonel Moses Hazen s 2d Canadian Regiment, and signed with it, the Institution written on parchment, which is now in the possession of the General Society. Appointed, on the 2ist of November, 1776, Ensign of the Seventh Company of the 2d New York Regiment, Continental Infantry Colonel Van Cortlandt s upon the establishment of the New York quota, and served until honorably discharged. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. > PHILIP SCHUYLER Major-General, Commanding the Department of the North. Born at Albany on the 22d of November, 1733. Died there on the i8th of November, 1804. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 281 " Among the patriots of the American Revolution who asserted the rights of their country in council, and equally vindicated its cause in the field, the name of Philip Schuyler stands preeminent. In acuteness of intellect, pro found thought, indefatigable activity, exhaustless energy, pure patriotism, and persevering and intrepid public efforts, he had no superior ; and it is to be regretted that the limits assigned to each portion of biography in the present work, will permit only a rapid sketch of his distinguished services." These are Chancellor Kent s opening words in the sketch of Philip Schuyler he so care fully prepared, with the most abundant material, for the " National Portrait Gallery of Distin guished Americans," and which is condensed and introduced here as most suitably adapted to impartially portray the character and merits of one so largely identified with the creation and early history of the United States. The Saratoga Estate, of which Burgoyne s army in 1777 made .such sad havoc, the General inherited from his grandfather, Captain Johannes Schuyler, a son of Philip Pieterse Van Schuyler, who in 1650, at twenty years of age, came to America from Amsterdam, and married Margaretta, the daughter of Brant Arentse Van Slechtenhorst, the Director General of the Manor of Rensselaer- wyck. Deprived of his father while young, he was indebted to his mother, Cornelia Van Cortlandt, a lady of strong and cultivated mind, for his early education, and those habits of business and that unshaken probity which never forsook him. At the age of sixteen he was a martyr to an hereditary gout, which, although confining him, while at school at New Rochelle, to his room for nearly a year, he was still able to prosecute his studies and acquire the French language. His favorite studies were mathematics and the other exact sciences, which enabled him in after life to display unusual skill as a civil and military engineer. He entered the army when the French war broke out in 1755, an( ^ com - manded a company in the New York levies, which attended Sir William Johnson to Fort Edward and Lake George. In 1758, his talents and activity attracted the attention of Lord Viscount Howe, who, commanding at Albany the First Division of the British Army (of four thousand men), then preparing for an expedition to Canada, had the discernment to select young Schuyler for the Commissary Department. When it was suggested to him that he was confiding in too young a man for so important a service, he declared that "Ac relied on the practical knowledge and activity of Schuyler, and was convinced that he would be enabled to surmount all obstacles." The army, under the command of General Abercrombie, arrived at the north end of Lake George early in July, and when Lord Howe fell, in a conflict 282 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. with the French advanced guard, Schuyler was directed to cause the body of that lamented young nobleman to be conveyed to Albany and buried there, with appropriate honors. He was one of the Commissioners appointed by the General Assembly in 1764 to manage the controversy on the part of New York, respecting the New Hampshire Grants. In 1768 he was elected a member of the General Assem bly of Albany, and until the Colonial Legislature, in April, 1775, terminated its existence forever. ******* The great scenes of the Revolution were now unfolding, and the eyes of his fellow-citizens were constantly turned to him, as one in whom their highest hopes were placed. He was elected a delegate to the Continental Congress which assembled in May, 1775, and had scarcely taken his seat in that assembly when he was appointed, on the ipth of June, one of the three Major-Generals of the Continental Army. On the 25th of June he was charged by Washington with the command of the army in the Province of New York, and in his fast general orders enjoined the troops, that "In contending for liberty, they abhor licentiousness ; in resisting the misrule of tyrants, they will support government honestly administered." He was directed by Congress, on the ist of July, 1775, to repair the forts at Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and make preparations to secure the command of the lake, and, if practicable and expedient, to take possession of St. Johns, Montreal and Quebec. In August, with four regiments under the command of Brigadier-General Richard Montgomery, he moved down the lake from Ticonderoga. When he was taken down with a fever, and carried in a bateau to the Isle Au Noix, where he established his headquarters on the 8th of September, but was obliged, after ten days, to return and leave the expedition in the command of Mont gomery. ******* Supplying the Canadian army with recruits, provisions, clothing, arms and money was beyond his power. He applied for leave to retire. His application was not listened to, but on the 3oth of November Congress resolved " That his conduct, attention and perseverance merited the thanks of the united Colonies. That he should not insist on a measure which would deprive America of his zeal and abilities, and rob him of the honor of completing the glorious work which he had so happily and successfully begun." Washington, who maintained a constant correspondence with him, expressed the same regret in his letters of the 5th and 24th of December, 1775, desiring both him and Montgomery THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 283 " To lay aside all such thoughts of retirement, alike injurious to themselves and excessively so to the country. They had not a difficulty to contend with that he had not in an eminent degree experienced." General Schuyler determined to continue in the service, and especially, as he said After the fall of his friend Montgomery, who had given him so many proofs of the good ness of his heart, and who, as he greatly fell in his country s cause, was more to be envied than lamented." The distressed condition of the Northern Army in the Spring of 1776 was unparalleled in the history of the Revolution. He was required to cause the St. Lawrence, above and below Quebec, to be explored; to fill up blank commissions for the Canada regiments, in his discretion ; to establish an accountability for the waste of the public supplies, and to put Ticonderoga in a defensible condition. After the death of Mont gomery the command devolved on Brigadier-General David Wooster. The most alarming, and next to the want of provisions the most distressing defi ciency, was in muskets, ammunition and cannon. The call was so incessant for specie that General Schuyler was obliged to pay out, on his own personal security, ,2,100 in gold and silver for the service. Nothing shows more strikingly the want they endured in the army than the fact that even Wash ington, in his camp at Cambridge, applied to Schuyler for assistance : " Your letters and mine seem echoes to each other, enumerating our mutual difficulties." Great apprehension was entertained for the disaffected inhabitants up the Mohawk, under the influence of Sir John Johnson, and Congress directed him " To cause the Tories in that quarter to be disarmed, and their leaders secured." He accordingly marched, in the month of January, and executed the service with such discretion as to receive the special approbation of Congress. On the 1 7th of February, 1776, Major-General Charles Lee was appointed to the command of the Northern Army, and Schuyler was to take his place at New York. This alteration was made (as the President of Congress assured him) from the conviction that his health was not equal to a Winter s campaign in the severe climate of Canada. But the wants of the Northern Department were so urgent, that he was obliged to continue his headquarters at Albany, and which was so established by resolution of Congress, on the 6th of March, 1776. ******* General Lee being sent to the South, Major-General John Thomas was, on the 6th of March, appointed to the command in Canada, with a reliance, as Congress declared " On the efforts of General Schuyler for perfecting the work so conspicuously begun and so well directed, under his orders, the last campaign." 284 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Between the i8th of April and the nth of July, General Schuyler was at Fort George, Ticonderoga and Crown Point, active in directing and stimulat ing efforts to relieve them. On the 2d of June, after the death* of General Thomas, Brigadier-General John Sullivan succeeded to. the command, when the distress and disorganiza tion of the army had arrived at the utmost height. All hopes of Canada were gone, and no alternative was left but to make the safest and most expeditious retreat. General Sullivan left with only two thousand five hundred and thirty- three men, and on the ist of July reached Crown Point, where he met General Horatio Gates, who, though a junior officer, was appointed to the command, and Sullivan retired from the Department in disgust. The expedition to Canada having thus terminated, the next object of Schuyler s attention was to secure the forts on the lakes. On the i4th of June he had been required by Congress " To hold a treaty with the Six Nations of Indians ; to fortify Fort Stanwix ; to open a military road from Fort Edward ; to clear Wood Creek ; to establish a canal lock at Skeens- borough ; to equip a flotilia on Lake Champlain, and to fortify Crown Point or Mount Inde pendence, at his discretion. Crown Point was abandoned by the unanimous advice of a council of his officers as not tenable with their present force. The act was at first inconsid erately censured, but his reasons for the measure satisfied the mind of Wash ington. A flotilla of sixteen vessels was equipped for service on the lake by the latter end of August, and he assigned the command of it to General Benedict Arnold, which was, on the r6th of October, by a much superior and better manned English squadron, after a brave and unavailing resistance, totally destroyed. This put an end to the campaign, and the garrison at Ticonderoga, consisting of nine thousand men, was left by General Schuyler in the command of Gates. In August he made the treaty, on the Upper Mohawk, with the Six Indian Nations, which was of the utmost importance the maintenance of one thousand eight hundred savages. The Indians were induced to promise neutrality, and Congress afterwards gave their approbation to the transaction. On the 1 4th of September, 1776, he tendered once more to Congress his commission, when they Resolved that they could not consent to accept his resignation in the then situation of affairs, and they assured him that they bore their willing testimony to his services, and that no aspersions on his character had any influence on their minds." He submitted to Congress a plan of operations for the ensuing year, both at the North and on the Hudson, and informed General Washington, on the * At Chambli, 301)1 of May, 1776, of small-pox. MAJ GEN. ARTHUR ST CLAIR. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 285 3oth of January, 1777, that the ensuing campaign would require at Ticon- deroga ten thousand men, besides two thousand men for the several points of communication, and Fort Schuyler on the Mohawk. ******* He now took his seat in Congress as a delegate from New York, and at his request a committee of inquiry was instituted to examine into his military conduct. The satisfaction afforded was prompt and complete, and by the resolution of Congress of the 22d of May he was directed " To resume the command of the Northern Department of New York, consisting of Albany, Ticonderoga, Fort Stanwix, and their dependencies." During the interval of the two months that he was in Philadelphia, he was in active command on the Delaware, directing fortifications and forwarding troops and provisions to the Commander-in-Chief. But the storm that was gathering on the frontiers of his native State soon engrossed all his attention, and he resumed his command with ardor and vigor. ******* General Schuyler left St. Clair in command at Ticonderoga, directed him to fortify Mount Independence, and informed Congress, on the i4th of June " That considering the extensiveness of the works of Ticonderoga, the smallness of the garrison was alarming and incompetent to maintain it, and that he found the Department in the greatest confusion." Application was made to the Eastern States to hasten on their troops, as the garrison at Ticonderoga did not then exceed two thousand two hundred men, sick included. On the 28th of June he communicated to Washington, to the Governor of Connecticut, to the President of Mass;ichu setts, to the Committee of Berkshire and to the Committee of Safety of New York, his apprehensions for the safety of the garrison of Ticonderoga, from the inadequacy of the means of defence. On the 28th and 3oth of June he encouraged St. Clair " That he should move up with the Continental troops and militia as soon as he could possibly set them in motion, and hoped to have the pleasure of seeing him in possession of his post." So again on the 5th of July he assured him " The troops from Peekskill and the militia were in motion, and he hoped to see him in a day or two." On the 7th he informed Washington, by letter, that he was up as far as Saratoga, with about seven hundred Continental troops and about one thousand four hundred militia. There he met the news that St. Clair had abandoned Ticonderoga and Mount Independence on the 6th, with the loss of all his military equipments, upon the advice of a council of officers, founded on the 2 86 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. extreme weakness of the garrison, the extensiveness of the works, and an insufficiency of provisions. General Schuyler had given no order for its evacuation ; it was as much a surprise to him as to the country, for he expected in a few days to have joined St. Clair with a very considerable body of troops. He says, in his letter of the uth of July to Chief- Justice John Jay " That if Ticonderoga was not sufficiently fortified and supplied with provisions, it was not his fault ; if there was a want of men, he was not to blame." Every quarter of his Department was replete with difficulty and danger ; the Mohawk Valley was menaced by an army of one thousand six hundred regulars and Indians, under Lieutenant-Colonel Barry St. Leger. He addressed the civil and military authorities in every direction with the most forcible exhortations : " Every militia man ought to turn out without delay, in a crisis the most alarming since the contest began." He directed that the inhabitants retire before the enemy, and every article brought off or destroyed that was calculated to assist them ; that the roads, causeways and Wood Creek be rendered impassible. He issued a proclama tion to encourage the country and counteract Burgoyne s. He assured Wash- ington, on the i2th of July, that he should retard the enemy s advance by all possible means : " If my countrymen will support me with vigor and dexterity, and do not meanly despond, we shall be able to prevent the enemy from penetrating much further into the country." St. Clair had not above three thousand five hundred men when he evacuated Ticonderoga, and joined Schuyler with only one thousand five hundred, the militia, almost to a man, having deserted and gone home. Nixon s and Glover s Brigades had been ordered by Washington from Peekskill to reinforce Schuyler, and on the i4th of July, when they arrived, they only amounted to five hundred and seventy five men, so that Schuyler s whole strength did not then exceed four thousand five hundred men, including regulars and militia. The enemy, whose triumphant progress he had to check, amounted to upwards of six thousand regular troops, with the best equipments in arms and artillery. Fort George was abandoned on the i4th of July, for it was utterly indefensible, being only part of an unfinished bastion. On the 24th of July he retired with his army to Moses Creek, four miles below Fort Edward, as the latter was only a heap of ruins, and commanded by the neighboring hills. The enemy kept pressing upon his advanced posts, but, in the midst of unpar alleled difficulties, his retreat was slow and safe, and every inch of ground disputed. The distress of the army, in want of artillery and every other military and comfortable equipment, was aggravated by despondency, sickness l 7 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 287 and the insubordination of the militia. Almost all the Eastern militia had left the army. He writes to Washington as follows : " I shall go on in doing my duty, and in endeavors to deserve your esteem." He renewed his call on the Eastern States for assistance, and told Governor Trumbull, of Connecticut, that If the Eastern militia did not turn out with spirit, and behave better, we should be ruined."* By the beginning of August he was preparing to act on the offensive, and by his orders of the joth of July and i3th of August, 1777, General Benjamin Lincoln was directed To move with a body of troops to the north of Cambridge, towards Skeensborough, and take command of the troops under General John Stark and Colonel Seth Warner, who had orders to join him, and if he should have force enough, to fall on the enemy in that quarter. " As Burgoyne advanced down the Hudson, Schuyler retreated, slowly and in good order, to Saratoga and Stillwater. During this distressing period the western branch of his military district was in the utmost consternation and peril. The army under St. Leger had besieged Fort Schuyler, and General Herkimer, with eight hundred of the militia, marching to the relief of the fortress, was attacked by a detachment of the enemy under Sir John Johnson, and defeated at Oriskany, on the 6th of August. On the i6th Schuyler despatched Arnold, with three regiments, amounting in the whole only to five hundred and fifty men, to take charge of the military operations on the Mohawk. But the period of his eminent services was drawing to a close. Congress suspended his command, and on the iQth of August, 17 77, Gates arrived in camp. " I am sensible," said this great man, in his letter to Congress, " of the indignity of being ordered from the command of the army, at a time when an engagement must soon take place." Though he was directed, by the order of Congress of the ist of August, to repair to headquarters, he was afterwards allowed by the resolution of the i4th of November to attend to his private affairs, "as they had greatly suffered by the barbarous ravages of the British Army," until the Committee of Inquiry were ready to act. As President of the Board of Commissioners for Indian Affairs, he now gave specific advice respecting the conduct of the Six Nations, and recommended preparations to carry the war into their territories, and which eventually terminated in the expedition under General Sullivan in 1779. * In General Washington s letter of July, 1777,10 General Benjamin Lincoln, ordering him to join the Northern Army under General Schuyler, then opposing General Burgoyne, he says : " My principal view in sending you there, is to take command of the Eastern Militia, over whom, I am informed, you have influence and who place confidence in you. I have this day received two letters from General Schuyler, in such a style as convinces me, that it is absolutely necessary, to send a determined officer. 288 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. After long delays he was gratified to have his military conduct tested before a court-martial, in October, 1778. He was tried and acquitted, with the highest honor, of every charge preferred against him. Congress, his friends and Washington were desirous that he should resume the command of the Northern Department. After repeated applications, Congress, in April, 1779, accepted his resignation, and Schuyler withdrew from the army. He was continued a delegate from New York to the Provincial Congress in 1778 and 1779, on account of his talents, activity and devotion to his country. On the 3oth of March, 1781, he was appointed by the New York Legislature the first Surveyor -General of the State, and one of the Commis sioners, in 1784 and 1787, to settle the boundary line between New York and Massachusetts. In 1781, and for several years thereafter, he was a member of the New York State Senate, and took a zealous part in promoting the adoption of the Constitution of the United States, and in 1789 was elected the first mem ber of the first United States Senate under that Constitution. He drafted the acts for incorporating the Western and Northern inland lock navigation com panies, and planned and constructed the locks at Little Falls on the Mohawk, which finally led to the opening of the Erie Canal. In 1797 he was again elected a Senator in Congress, and when he took final leave of the Senate of his native State, in an affecting address, it was ordered to be inserted on their journal. On the 4th of July, 1786, he was elected Vice-President of the New York Society, officiating, at the installation of the honorary members, with Baron Steuben on that day.* On two occasions he sat for Trumbull, once in uniform (which is now in the Trumbull Gallery), and the other when a Senator, in civil ian s dress. The last few years of his life he spent in retirement at his house in Albany in Winter, and the Summer at Schuylerville, where Burgoyne surrendered. Domestic afflictions followed his military disappointments. His eldest son, John Bradstreet Schuyler, died at 30 years of age, from a fever contracted while up the Mohawk Valley, and his daughter Margaret (Mrs. Stephen Van Rensselaer), in 1801. In 1803 he lost the wife of his youth, Catharine, a daughter of Jeremiah Van Rensselaer, and in the next year his son-in-law, General Alexander Hamilton. At his decease he was buried in the family vault in the old Dutch Church at Albany ; but, upon its demolition, his remains were removed to the cemetery on the West Troy road, and a suitable shaft erected by his granddaughter (Mrs. Starr Miller) marking the spot. In one of his letters occurs the following : " Consolation was to be sought, where it can only be truly and effectually found, in an humble acquiescence with the Divine will." * See ante, page 8g, r and errata. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 289 PHILIP SCHUYLER, his eldest grandson, was admitted in 1811. He was the only child of John Bradstreet Schuyler and Elizabeth Van Rensselaer, daughter of the Patroon. He was a member of the Standing Committee until he went to England, in 1840, as American Consul to the port of Liverpool. He married Grace, daughter of Robert Hunter, of New York, and died at his residence at Pelham Bridge the i2th of February, 1865, in the 77th year of his age. (See ante, page 128). JOHN SCHUYLER, his great grandson, only son of the last, was admitted in 1865, elected Secretary in 1879, ar >d Treasurer-General in 1884. WILLIAM SCUDDER* Lieutenant isf New York Regiment. Died in 1800. He was admitted by the New York Society in 1793. Became an Associator on the 8th of May, 1775, at Huntington, Suffolk County. He appears to have first served in Canada as an Ensign in the 3d New York Continental Line, and is mentioned as such in a list made up by General Schuyler on the 7th of October, 1776. Appointed Second Lieutenant in the ist New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s on the 2ist of November, 1776, was in McKean s Company, and subsequently promoted to be Lieutenant in January, 1779. He was taken prisoner on the 23d of July, 1779, and after his exchange rejoined his regiment, serving with it until mustered out at the end of the war. Elias Dayton and others, in April, 1776, certified "That the bearer, Mr. William Scudder, is of very reputable parentage, of considerable property in this Town, and we have no reason to believe that his conduct has been such as to render himself in any way disrespectful, but on the contrary believe him to be a deserving young Gentleman and strongly attached to the common cause." From the following letter to the Committee of Safety he appears to have been an Ensign in a company of Minute Men : " I would inform your Honors that I received a warrant to enlist men for your Province, Henry O Hara, being Captain, for which I have listed and have in Billet, in New Jersey, about thirty-five. They have been there about six weeks on my expense, the Captain went to Albany seven weeks ago recruiting, and was to have returned in three weeks. I have had no intelligence from him since. I know not what to do with the men, as they call on me daily for money or they * His widow received aid for many years from the Society s fund. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. will desert. Likewise the Jersey people are vexed that their Militia is called away, while they are under pay and doing nothing. " I beg Gentlemen that you ll take some method for my relief WILLIAM SCUDDER." His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll as Lieutenant. ASA SCUDDER, his eldest son, was admitted in 1802. JOHN SHAW Lieutenant New York Artillery. Died on the i4th of July, 1826. Appointed Lieutenant in Moodie s Company, 2d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s on the isth of January, 1782, from Albany, N. Y. In a communication dated at Poughkeepsie, i5th January, 1782, Governor George Clinton said : " I am not personally acquainted with this youg gentleman, but both as a citizen and an officer of the Levies of this State he sustains a good character. " Honorably discharged, with a portion of his regiment, on the ist of Jan uary, 1784. He married Isabella Denniston,* by whom he had a large family of children. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN HUGH SHAW, his eldest grandson, was admitted in 1845, and died in 1879, leaving no male issue. ISAAC SMITH Lieutenant New York Artillery. ^ Appointed Lieutenant in Bliss" Company, 2d Regiment Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s on the 2ist of December, 1781. Honorably discharged the service, with a portion of his regiment, on the 3d of November, 1783. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. * She received aid from the Society s fund for many years. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 2QI ISRAEL SMITH Paymaster and Captain 2d New York Regiment. Died at Poughkeepsie. Appointed First Lieutenant 2(1 Regiment New York Continental Infantry Colonel James Clinton s on the 24th of February, 1776, and Regimental Pay master on the 1 5th of May following. Appointed Captain of the Tenth Com pany of the 4th New York Regiment Colonel H. B. Livingston s on the 2ist of November, 1776, and transferred to the Fifth Company of the 2d New York Colonel Van Cortlandt s upon the consolidation of the New York Line into two regiments. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN SMITH Lieutenant Neiv York Artillery. Died on the i5th of June, 1811, unmarried. He is said to have been appointed on the loth of May, 1777, an Ensign in Colonel William s R. Lee s Regiment (additional) Massachusetts Continental Infantry, but resigned en the 8th of April, 1779. Subsequently, in the follow ing November, he was appointed a Lieutenant of Marines on the United States Frigate " Boston," and taken prisoner at the surrender of Charleston, S. C, on the 2d of May, 1780, but exchanged in the same year. Appointed Lieutenant in the 2d Regiment, Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s on the 28th of June, 1781, and honorably discharged, with his regiment, on the 3d of November, 1783. Transferred to Captain John Doughty s Artillery Company on the peace establishment, i2th of April, 1785. Promoted to Captain in the ist Regiment of United States Infantry on the 2oth of October, 1786. Promoted to be Major of the 2d Regiment United States Infantry on the 28th of December, 1791, and placed in the 2d Sub-Legion on the 2d of September, 1792. Resigned on the ist of October, 1793, and settled in South Carolina. Appointed Lieutenant-Colonel (Commandant) of the 5th Regiment United States Infantry in July, 1799. Honorably discharged the service, with his regiment on the i5th of June, 1800. Appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the 3d Regimen United States Infantry on the gth of January, 1809, which position he held until his decease. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. 292 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. WILLIAM STEUBEN SMITH, his nephew, the eldest son of Lieutenant- Colonel William Stephens Smith, was admitted in 1815 as the collateral, his father being a member. He was Secretary of Legation at the Court of St. Petersburgh, married Catherine Johnson, and died without issue, on the i2th of May, 1850. WILLIAM STEPHENS SMITH Lieutenant-Colonel i^th Massachusetts Regiment and Aide-de-Camp. Born in New York City in 1755. Died on the loth of June, 1816, at Lebanon, N. Y. He graduated at the College of New Jersey. Studied law with Samuel Jones, until the Revolution broke out, when he joined the army as a volunteer. The estate of his father, Captain John Smith, was soon after confiscated. Appointed in 1776 an Aide-de-Camp to General John Sullivan, with the rank of Lieutenant, and was taken prisoner with him in the Battle of Long Island; but escaping the same day, he is said to have left the island in a barge with the Commander-in-Chief. Subsequently he brought a garrison across Hell Gate under the fire of the enemy, and on the next day was wounded at Harlem Heights, while acting as Aide to General Greene. When the British landed in October at Throgg s Neck, he, with a corporal and six men, destroyed the bridge con necting it with the main land at the Village of Westchester, thereby compelling the enemy to retreat, and reembarking, they landed further up Long Island Sound the next day at Pell s Neck, where, after a sharp engagement with Sullivan s division, they filed off to New Rochelle and so to White Plains. He then rejoined General Sullivan who had been exchanged and proceeded with him to White Plains, covering the removal of the stores. The British, having taken both Fort Washington and Fort Lee, went into Winter quarters on Manhattan Island, with Lord Cornwallis over in New Jersey. Washington now crossed the Hudson further up, with General Greene in the advance, leaving General Charles Lee and General Sullivan to protect the rear and follow on to the Delaware. General Lee now sent him with a flag and important dispatches to Lord Howe at New York, and arriving at the enemy s advanced post at King s Bridge, he forwarded them. After several days delay, receiving the answer, he returned and joined Lee, who had crossed the Hudson, following up the main army. After Lee was taken by the British, in his slippers and night-cap, in a farm house three miles away from his command, Lieutenant Smith rejoined General Sullivan at headquarters at Newton, N. J. - LIEUT. COL. WILLIAM STEPHENS SMITH. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 293 Washington crossed the Delaware on the night of the 25th of December, 1776, and surprised the Hessians under General Rhal at Trenton, where Lieu tenant Smith, with the advance corps of Sullivan s division, took possession-of Millbridge and captured the officer in command. Washington sent him to the enemy s advanced post at Princeton with a flag and money for the prisoner, General Charles Lee, who was at New Brunswick. When the army was marching through New Jersey in 1777, the roads being in a horrible condition, the advanced corps halted, and La Fayette sent Lieu tenant Smith to ascertain the cause, and when informed the forward camp wagon was stuck in the mud, declared " that the quartermaster deserved to be hung." Smith replied, "If you will execute the warrant, sir, it shall be instantly executed." In June, 1778, when the British evacuated Philadelphia, Arnold was sent ahead to Allentown, where, overtaking them, he attacked their rear all the way to Monmouth, when General Charles Lee who had lately been exchanged coming up with three thousand picked troops, Arnold took possession of a commanding position in the enemy s front, until ordered to retreat by General Lee, just at the critical moment when they, in all probability, would have been obliged to surrender, instead of pursuing their march to Middleton Point and embarking from Sandy Hook in the British ships to Ne w York. This may account for his motive in sending important dispatches to the enemy by Lieu tenant Smith. At all events, Washington meeting him while retreating, found he was not the right man in the right place, and arrested him. When General Sullivan was ordered to the Siege of Newport, the i3th Massachusetts Regiment was in his division, and Lieutenant Smith was pro moted to be its Lieutenant-Colonel, and went into Winter quarters at Providence. He accompanied General Sullivan, in the following year, in his expedition against the Indians in the West, and took command of the batteaux with the stores on the Susquehanna, and after defeating the Indians returned to Morris- town, N. J., for the Winter. When the Light Infantry, of three thousand men, were placed under La Fayette, he was appointed the Adjutant and Sub-Inspector on the Staff of Baron Steuben. In the campaign against Yorktown he was appointed an Aide to General Washington by Congress, and served as such at the surrender, when it is claimed he presented Lord Cornwallis to the Commander-in-Chief. After spending the Winter in Philadelphia as one of Washington s family, he was sent to Dobb s Ferry, N. Y., as Commissary of Prisoners, and while arranging the exchanges, is said to have visited New York City, receiving marked civilities from Sir Guy Carlton. He was afterward one of the Com- 294 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. missioners to arrange for the final evacuation of New York City by the British on the 25th of November, 1783. After the war he was appointed Secretary of Legation under John Adams, the Minister to Great Britain, and while there married his only daughter, Abigail. When he returned, Washington, then President of the United States, appointed him the Marshal of the District of New York, on the 26th of Sep tember, i 789. He revisited Europe, but soon afterwards returned, and held the office cf Surveyor and Inspector of the Customs of the Port of New York. In 1790 he was elected Secretary of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati and President in 1795. . In 1808 he retired to private life on his farm at Lebanon, Madison County, N. Y., where he was elected to Congress in 1813. It is related of him that the spy, Major John Andre, had requested by his will, which was filed at Tappan, that his gold watch should be given to a relative in England ; and after his execution, on October 2d, 1780, it was sold for thirty guineas to Lieutenant- Colonel Smith, who sent it to General Robertson, to be forwarded as requested, but for some reason it failed to be so disposed of, and having been sent back to New York was again sold, it is said, for five hundred guineas. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. WILLIAM STEUBEN SMITH, his eldest son, was admitted in 1815 by the Society, while his father was alive and a member, as the collateral successor of his uncle, Lieutenant John Smith, but died, without leaving issue, on the i2th of May, 1850. EPHRAIM SNOW Lieutenant \st New York Regiment. Appointed in 1775 an Ensign in the 2d New York Continental Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s and served with it in Canada. Promoted to be Second Lieutenant of the Eighth Company of the ist New York Regiment Colonel McDougall s on the 24th of March, 1776, and of the Colonel s Company on consolidation of the New York Line, on the 2ist of November, 1776. Pro moted to be Lieutenant in the Eourth Company on the 26th of March, 1779, and served as the recruiting officer of the regiment until mustered out. In 1806 he appears to have been elected Sheriff of Herkimer County, N. Y. He married Chloe Williams,* by whom he had one son only. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. ! She received aid from the Society s fund for many years. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 295 EPHRAIM SNOW, his only son, was admitted in 1809, having married Lucy Lester, and died without male issue. JOHN STAGG, JR. Lieutenant, Spencer s (additional} Regiment, New Jersey. Born in 1758. Died on the s8th of December, 1803, in New York City. His father was an Associator in Haverstraw Precinct in May, 1775, and through him he was appointed a Captain of Minute Men. Commissioned Lieutenant in Colonel Oliver Spencer s (additional) Con tinental Regiment on the 4th of March, 1778, and acted for a while as its paymaster. At Valley Forge, it is claimed, he was Secretary to General Washington. Upon the establishment of the War Office, Washington, then President, had him appointed one of its clerks, which office he held for eight years. In 1801 he was elected Sheriff of New York, and died of yellow fever while in office. He married, first, Phebe Wood, by whom he had only one child, Harriet (Mrs. William W. Van Wyck) ; and, secondly, Margaret, the daughter of William de Peyster, by whom he had a large family. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN LIVINGSTON STAGG, his eldest son, was admitted in 1813, and died unmarried. JOHN STAKE Lieutenant Light Dragoons. He appears in the " Balloting Book " of the State of New York as a Cornet of Cavalry, and awarded eleven hundred and fifty acres of land for his services, having served to the end of the war, with rank of Lieutenant in Colonel Von Heer s* Light Dragoons. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. * The following letter of his is interesting, and shows how he battled with the English language as well as for the cause: " RAEDING Decemper 24. 1783. " DEER SIR " I schould Dack it as a graet faver, you wold be so kint as to Ender my Name and Ca.pt Jacob Mytinger of my Troop in the Boock of Sociedy of Sencinates for whech we have Laft a Monts Pay whet the Pay Master Generale of the arMy. and hafe encloset a Certificat from the Pay Master Generale, wheih mentionet that the Money 296 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. JEHOSHAPHAT STARR Ensign $d Connecticut Regiment. He was admitted at a meeting of the New York State Society, held on the 1 2th of August, 1786, signing the roll as Ensign of Colonel S. B. Webb s, late Connecticut Regiment; but does not appear to have deposited his one month s pay in the Society s fund. He does not appear either, to have been entitled to the benefits of the officers who served in accordance with the Act of Congress, entitling them to half-pay for life and land warrants at the termination of the war. GERARD STEDDIFORD Lieutenant ^th Pennsylvania Regiment. Born in 1752. Died on the 3d of April, 1820. He was admitted by the New York Society in 1789. Appointed Regimental Quartermaster of the 3d Regiment, Pennsylvania Continental Infantry John Shee s on the 9th of February, 1776, and Ensign on the 23d of March following. In the capture of Fort Washington, on the i6th of November, 1776, he was taken prisoner, and not exchanged until 1778. In the meanwhile, on the reorganization of the Pennsylvania Continental Line for the war, he was arranged in the 4th Pennsylvania Regiment, Continental Infantry Colonel Lambert Cadwallader s and on the i2th of October, 1777, promoted to be Lieutenant. Upon his release he joined his regiment, and served with it until honorably discharged, at his own request, on the 23d of May, 1781. He resided in New York City after the war, and married Jane Bicker, by whom he had one son and four daughters. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. HENRY BICKER STEDDIFORD, his only son, was admitted in 1820, and died unmarried. May be Trowen as Sun the order is Broeduset. I schall be Blaesed to you, you will Rid me a lader and Mentionet what Money must be send for Endrens, if der is any oder Expendes, you will be so kint as to lad us know. My seff and Capt Mytenges will comply whit whet you schalle sin proper. " Sir, I Remin whet the Gradest Estim "Your Efectiont frend and M. H. S. " Col HARMER, at Mrs Shrunks Tavern, " BARTHEW VON HEER " Second Street, Philadelphia. " Major Light Dragoons." THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 297 STEUBEN Major- General. Frederick William Augustus {Baron) Von Steuben was born in Magdeburg, Prussia, on the i5th of November, 1730, and died at Steubenville, N. Y., on the 28th of November, 1795, unmarried. He was educated at the Jesuit Colleges of Neisse and Breslau, a Cadet in an Infantry Regiment in 1747, and served us a volunteer with his father, under Frederick the Great, at the Siege of Prague. In 1758 he was an Adjutant- General at Kunnersdorf, where he was wounded, and in 1762, with several other young officers, served at the Siege of Schneidnitz. In 1764, he was appointed Grand-Marshal of the Prince s Guard. He was a Knight of the Order of Fidelity. Coming to America in November, 1777, he offered his services to Genera, Washington as a volunteer, and going to York, Penn., where Congress was sitting, he was instructed to report to the Commander-in-Chief at Valley Forge, where he was astonished at the want and suffering of the troops, declaring "that under them no European army could be kept together." On the 29th of March, 1778, he was appointed by Congress Inspector-General, with the rank of Major- General. In 1779 Congress adopted his "Manual," inaugurating a system of police, which was of infinite .value, saving waste of tents, arms, accoutrements and ammunition, and long before the conclusion of the war the army arrived under it at the highest standard of discipline. Prominent men and officers were his selected associates, yet others of inferior rank also enjoyed the hospitality of his table. "Poor fellows," he said, "they have field-officers stomachs, without their pay and rations." In October, 1780, he was one of the court-martial that condemned the unfortunate spy, Major John Andre, and immediately afterwards, when General Greene surperseded Gates, after his defeat, Steuben accompanied him in the Southern Campaign. Most of his imported camp equipage he sold in order that he might return the hospitalities of the French officers, saying, " I can stand it no longer ; I will give one grand dinner to our allies, should I eat my soup with a wooden spoon forever after." Returning to the north, after the surrender at Yorktown, he continued with the army until peace was proclaimed. Rising at three o clock in the morning, 298 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. while his valet dressed his hair, he would smoke his pipe, drink his cup of coffee, jump on his horse, and with his staff was at parade at sunrise. It is told of him that upon his being presented to the attractive sister of the British General Sheaffe, he informed her that he had been cautioned in his early youth "to be on his guard against Miss S/ica/e" (mischief). An annuity for life of $2,500 was granted him by Congress, and several of the States passed resolutions acknowledging his services, presenting him with grants of land. New Jersey gave him a small farm, and New York sixteen thousand acres of land in Oneida County, where, in a cabin, which he called the "Palace of Logs" he settled down, cultivating only about sixty acres, and passing the later years of his life, like the Roman General, Cincin- natus. The books he had collected appear to have been his only companions, when his Aides, Walker, North and Fairlie, were absent. A stroke of apoplexy finally called him away from life, and wrapped in his military cloak, in a pine coffin, as he had directed,* he was buried at his home in the wilderness. A highway subsequently being located over his grave, f Major Walker had his body removed to another and more secluded position, and as the Baron had requested, no stone was placed to indicate the spot. A mural tablet was erected in the German Reformed Church, which stood in Nassau Street, between Maiden Lane and John, which reads as follows : * The people of the State of New York by the grace of God, free and independent. To all ivhom these presents shall concern or may come, send greeting : Know ye that in the registry of our Court of Probate there are registered certain letters testamentary in the words following, to wit : I, FREDERICK WILLIAM, BARON DE STEUBEN, of the City and State of New York, do make this my last will and testament, sufficient reasons having determined me to exclude my relations in Europe from any participation in my estate in America and to adopt my friends and former aides-de-camp, Benjamin Walker and William North as my children, and make them sole devisees of all my estates, as herein afterward is otherwise disposed of. In consequence thereof I bequeath the said Benjamin Walker the sum of $3,000 and the gold-hilted sword given me by Congress. To the said William North I bequeath my silver-hilled sword and the gold box given me by the City of New York. To John J. Mulligan I bequeath the whole of my library, maps and charts, and the sum of $2,500 to complete it. And to each of my sen-ants living with me at the time of my decease, one year s wages ; and besides this, to my valet de chambre, all my wearing apparel ; but I do hereby declare that these legacies to my servants are on the -following conditions: That on my decease they do not permit any person to touch my body, not even to change the shirt in which I shall die, but that they wrap me up in my old military cloak, and in twenty-four hours after my decease bury me in such spot as I shall before my decease point out to them, and that they never acquaint any person with the place where I shall be buried. And lastly, I do give, devise and bequeath all the rest and residue of my estate, real and personal, after the payment of my debts and legacies aforesaid, to the said Benjamin Walker and William North, to hold to them, their heirs, executors and adminis trators, share and share alike, hereby appointing the said Benjamin Walker and William North executors of this my last will and testament, and revoking all former Wills by me heretofore made. ^ NEW YORK, February 12, 1794. [SEAL] STEUJ5EN. [SEAL] Signed, sealed and declared as the last will and testament of the above testator in the presence of and attested by us in his presence, CHARLES WILLIAMSON, CHARLES ADAMS, W. H. ROBINSON, City of New York. The above will was offered and admitted to probate February 2, 1795, by William H. Robinson and is attested by Peter Beekman, Clerk of Probate Court, New York City. t See ante, page 100. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 299 Sacred to the Memory of FRED. WILL. AUG. BARON STEUBEN. A German. Knight of the order of Fidelity : Aide de Camp to Frederick the Great, King of Prussia : Major General and Inspector General In the Revolutionary War. Esteemed, respected, and supported by Washington, He gave Military Skill and discipline To the Citizen-Soldiers : Who Fulfilling the decrees of Heaven, Achieved the Independence of the United States. The highly polished manners of the Baron Were graced By the most noble feelings of the heart : His hand, Open as day for melting charity, Closed only in the strong grasp of death. This Memorial is inscribed By an American Who had the honor to be his Aide-de-Camp The happiness to be his Friend.* Ob. 1795. He was elected Vice-President of the New York State Society of the Cin cinnati in 1785, and President, presiding at the inauguration of the first honorary members, on the 4th of July, 1786. At the Centennial Celebration of the Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, several of the descendants of a collateral branch of Steuben s family came over from Germany, at the invitation of the United States, to assist on the occasion. When in the French service, he was known as baron de Steuben, but in America, he dropped this title of nobility and signed himself Steuben. EBENEZER STEVENS Lieutenant-Colonel New York Artillery. Born in Boston on the nth of August, 1751. Died at Rockaway, L. I., on the 2d of September, 1823. He was the son of Ebenezer Stevens, of Roxbury, Mass., and Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. Thomas Weld, a non-conformist clergyman. In Decem ber, 1773, he was one of the "Tea Party," and afterwards became a merchant at Providence. * Supposed to have been Major William North. 3CO THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Commissioned by the Assembly a Lieutenant on the 8th of May, 1775, and raised two companies of artillery for the expedition against Quebec. Appointed Captain in Henry Knox s Artillery on the ist of January, 1776, and promoted to be its Major on the pth of November following. Adjutant-General Wilkinson says, in his report from Saratoga, on the xoth of October, 1777 : " The commanding officer of artillery, Major Stevens, gallant, vigilant and ready to improve every advantage, ran a couple of light field pieces down the plain, near the river, and opened a battery upon the batteaux and watering party at the landing, which soon dispersed it, but this drew the fire of the enemy s whole post upon him from the heights, obliging him to retire, after the loss of a tumbril, which was blown up by the enemy and caused a shout from the whole British army." Congress on the 3oth of April, 1778 " Resolved, That Major Ebenezer Stevens, in consideration of his services and the strict attention with which he discharged his duty, as commanding officer of artillery in the Northern Department, durmg two campaigns, take rank (by brevet) as a Lieutenant-Colonel of Foot, and that he be commissioned accordingly. Also, on the 24th of November, [778 " Resolved, That Lieutenant-Colonel Stevens of the Artillery, now holding that rank by brevet, be appointed a Lieutenant-Colonel of Artillery, and that his commission bear date from that of his brevet, and that he be entitled to take command of the first vacancy that may fall in the artillery." On the 1 7th of December, 1778, he was accordingly assigned to the 26. Regiment, Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel John Lamb s vice Lieu tenant-Colonel Eleazer Oswald, resigned. Receiving his orders at West Point and joining the regiment at White Plains, he marched with it into Winter quarters in 1778. To a Committee of Congress, after the war, he made the following report of the expedition from Head of Elk to Annapolis : " In the Spring of 1781 I commanded the artillery on an expedition to Portsmouth, Virginia, under the Marquis de la Fayette. The division halted in the City of Annapolis. The British, hearing of our being there, sent two twenty-gun ships, and blockaded the harbor. We remained there six weeks, several councils of war were held, after the Commander-in Chief had ordered us back to headquarters, and it was thought impracticable to retreat by water. A majority were for returning by land, and officers were sent out to procure teams, to remove the artillery and stores. They were out ten days, but returned without being able to procure any. Another council was held, and I proposed to return by water to th* Head of Elk by removing those ships out of the Bay. My plans were thought impracticable by Governor Lee, my friend, who told the Marquis if the vessels that I took were lost he must pay for them. The Marquis then told me to go on and he would assist me. I fitted up two sloops of about sixty tons burthen with ten eight-pounders each, and a travelling forge in their holds, and raised an awning upon their decks. The whole was done in three days, and manning each with two hundred volunteers, sent them out about ten o clock in the morning, and drove the enemy s ships from their moor ings, and thus opened the passage for our own detachment, which arrived at the Head of Elk by water that night. I do not know what would have been the consequence had we returned by land and left our little fleet and siege artillery behind, but it was thought by Governor Lee that THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 301 our vessels would have fallen into their hands, and the defenceless city been plundered and burned. If Congress had known of it they might have honored me with a mark of their approba tion. The Marquis wrote the Commander-in Chief respecting my conduct. This I had by letter from General Knox."* Upon his return to Philadelphia, General Knox wrote to him as follows : I lament your being disappointed of an opportunity of exhibiting, before the French and Mr. Arnold especially, after the great exertions you have made, of which the Marquis has written in the handsomest terms to the Commander-in-Chief." He rendered efficient service with his Park at Yorktown, which was acknowl edged by the Commander-in-Chief, in general orders, as follows : " The skill so conspicuously manifested in the management and direction of the cannon and mortars, have convinced our noble allies, and brought home to the feelings of our enemies, that the officers of the American artillery, have acquired a respectable knowledge in their profession. In January, 1782, he was at Burlington recruiting, and was again stationed at West Point, until mustered out of the service. In July, 1783, he was commissioned by General Benjamin Lincoln, then Secretary of War, to erect an arsenal to replace the old State Magazine, burned by the enemy. On the evacuation of New York City by the British, when the Army of the Revolution entered, he was at the head of his command. When it was afterward proposed to divide the United States into four Military Departments, Washington offered him the command of one of them, but he declined further military service. After the peace he became a very successful merchant in New York City, building up an extensive foreign connection, especially with France ; was a member of the New York State Legislature in 1800 ; Alderman of the Third Ward, New York City, in 1802 ; Major-General of the State Artillery; one of the founders of the Tammany Society or Columbian Order, instituted in 1789 ; one of the founders and President of the New England Society, organized in 1805; and one of the three Commissioners in 1812 charged with the construc tion of the defences of the City of New York.f Colonel Stevens personal appearance has been admirably perpetuated by Trumbull in his celebrated picture, in the Rotunda of the Capitol at Washing ton, of the " Surrender of Burgoyne," representing him leaning upon a cannon ; * Washington, writing from New Windsor, gives La Fayette the credit. t In another letter, after the war, written on the isth of August, 1798, to the Secretary of the Navy, in answer to an inquiry for his opinion as to the defence of New York harbor, then proposed to be by galleys or gunboats, he advises : " That, he was confident they never could be managed in that harbor on account of the velocity of the tides. I fitted out several galleys in the Northern Department in 76 and *77t and they were lost as fast as they were equipped. I have seen floating batteries which mounted twenty twenty-four-pounders. It is next to impossible to move them, and should the enemy gain ground, and the men desert them, they would be made use of against our selves. I conclude that bodies that are easily managed are preferable to those which are unwieldy, though of superior force." 302 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. and in the " Surrender of Cornwallis " he is in the background at the head of the artillery. From his residence in Warren Street, New York City, he was followed to the grave by the members of the Cincinnati Society, honored as one of the braves who helped to secure the liberty of America. He was elected Vice- President of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati from 1804 to 1823. His first wife was Rebecca Hodgdon, by whom he had two sons and one daughter (Mrs. John P. Schermerhorn). His second wife was Lucretia, the widow of Richardson Sands, and daughter of Judge John Ledyard, of Hart ford, Conn., by whom he had a large family of children. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. HORATIO GATES STEVENS, his eldest son, was admitted in 1824. Born in Stamford, Conn., on the ipth of September, 1778. Married Eliza Rhinelander of New York, and died in that city on the i6th of June, 1873. He was elected Vice-President from 1848 to 1854. JOHN RHINELANDER STEVENS, his grandson, eldest son of the last, was admitted in 1874, and elected a member of the Standing Committee in 1886. JAMES STEWART Captain ^th New York Regiment. He was a resident of New York City, and appears to have been engaged in recruiting for the Northern Department, by a letter to John Jay, in the State Records, from Colonel James Livingston, dated New York, 24th of August, 1776: " DEAR SIR, I am now informed by Captain Wright, he can raise a Company of Men in this Town and suburbs. Should take it as a particular favor, you d mention the matter to the Gentlemen of the Provincial Congress and if approved of, beg you l furnish him with money for that purpose. He is a good recruiting officer, and believes he l soon raise his company, I shall settle the matter respecting the Rank of the officer, with General Schuyler, agreeable to orders from Congress. As soon as these two companies, Wright s and Stewart s, are filled, General Washington will order them to the Northward, where I propose going- to-morrow or next day at furtherest, if not wanted here. The enemy are at Flatbush, their numbers not known, though, we every moment expect an attack. I shall wait your answer this evening, and am with Respect, Yours, JAS. LIVINGSTON." Appointed Captain of the 5th New York Regiment Colonel Lewis Du Bois on the 2ist of November, 1776. By the act of Congress he was deranged in January, 1781, after serving his country faithfully for five years. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. THE SOCIETV OF THE CINCINNATI. 303 EBENEZER STOKER Lieutenant zd Massachusetts Regiment. Born at Wells, Me , on the pth of July, 1758. Died on the 2oth of January, 1846, at Gorham, Me. He was an original member of the Massachusetts Society, but in 1827 met with the New York, and signed its roll as Lieutenant and Quartermaster of the 2d Massachusetts Regiment. His father, John Storer, married Mary, the sister of Governor John Langdon, of New Hampshire. He enlisted in Phinney s Regiment, on the i7th of April, 1776, as a Corporal, and was promoted, on the ist of August following, to be a Sergeant. Appointed Ensign, in Samuel Brewer s Regiment, on the i3th of November, 1776, and promoted to Lieutenant, in Sprout s Regiment, on the 5th of July, 1779, and served as its Paymaster and Clothier until mustered out of the service in 1783. He was in the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, Saratoga and Monmouth. After the war he settled in Portland, Me ; engaged in mercantile pursuits, until removing to New York, where he died a recipient of the benefits of the Order. He married twice and left three sons. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. WILLIAM STRACHAN Lieutenant New York Artillery. Appointed Second Lieutenant of the 2d Regiment, Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s on the ist of February, 1777; Commissary to the Brigade on the i5th of May, 1779; promoted to be Lieutenant in his regiment on the i4th of April, 1781, and assigned, on the 29th of June, 1781, to Captain Joseph Thomas Company. Honorably discharged, with a portion of his regiment, on the 3d of Novem ber, 1783. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. WILLIAM STRACHAN, his eldest son, was admitted in 1812. WILLIAM STUART Lieutenant, Hazen s Regiment. Died on the 5th of February, 1831. He was an original member of the Pennsylvania Society, but was trans ferred, upon his removal to New York, in 1826. 304 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Appointed Second Lieutenant and Adjutant of the 2d Regiment, Canadian Continental Infantry Colonel Moses Hazen in February, 1777. In the Battle of Brandywine he was wounded. Honorably discharged the service, with his regiment, on the 3d of November, 1783. He married Elizabeth Clinton, by whom he had three sons and three daughters. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. WILLIAM STUART, his eldest surviving son, was admitted as his suc cessor by the New York State Society in 1854. He married Elizabeth Backus, and died on the 2oth of June, 1878, at his residence at Binghamton, N. Y., without issue. CALEB SWAN Ensign 8tA Massachusetts Regiment. Born in Maine on the 2d of July, 1758. Died at Washington, D. C., on the 2oth of November, 1809. He was originally enrolled as a member of the Massachusetts Society, hav ing signed the Institution, with his regiment, at New Windsor, but, being stationed at West Point in 1783, he met with and signed the Roll of the New York Society at the time of its organization. He enlisted in the Massachusetts Line in 1777, serving as Corporal and Sergeant successively. Promoted to be Ensign in the qth Massachusetts Regi ment Colonel James Wesson s on the 26th of November, 1779. Transferred to the 8th Regiment, Massachusetts Continental Infantry Colonel Michael Jackson s on the ist of January, 1783. On the disbandment of the army, after the war, he was in Colonel Henry Jackson s Regiment, and stationed at West Point, until his regiment was disbanded, on the 2oth of June, 1784. He entered the " Pay Office " of the United States as an assistant to Pay master-General ]Q\U\ Pierce, on the ist of January, 1785. Was transferred to the War Department, under General Knox, on the loth of April, 1789, and appointed Paymaster in the United States Army, with the rank of Major, on the 8th of May, 1792, but resigned on account of his health, on the 3oth of June, 1808. He served in the Battles of Monmouth, Springfield and at Yorktown, with the Light Infantry under La Fayette. In 1798 he published "An Account of the Northwestern Lakes of America." He married, on the i8th of August, 1800, Maria Henrietta, the daughter of John Abert, of Frederickstown, Me. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 305 BERNARDUS SWARTWOUT Ensign zd New York Regiment. Died in 1824 in Westchester County, N. Y. Appointed Ensign in the 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt s on the ist of September, 1778, and served until discharged, with his regi ment in 1782. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. CORNELIUS SWARTWOUT Captain- Lieutenant New York Artillery. He was a resident of New York City, and enlisted in Captain Sebastian Bauman s Company of New York Artillery, on the i6th of April, 1776, which was then attached to Colonel Henry Knox s Regiment. Appointed Second Lieutenant of his company on the ist of July, 1776, and promoted to be Lieutenant of the same, on the ist of January, 1777, when his company was transferred to the 2d Regiment, Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel -Lamb s and the remainder of his regiment discharged, by expiration of enlistment. Promoted to be Captain- Lieutenant of his regiment, on the 2d of September, 1778, and was in Captain Andrew Mocdie s Company, until the 29th of June, 1781, when he was transferred to that of Captain Thomas T. Bliss. He was taken prisoner in 1779, and exchanged on the i7th of December, 1780. Honorably discharged the service, with a portion of his regiment, on the 3d of November, 1783. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. CALEB SWEET Surgeon \st New York Regiment. Appointed Surgeons Mate of the ist New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s on the ist of May, 1777, and promoted to be Surgeon of the same on the xoth of October, 1779, and served until the end of the war. He married Garritje Nieukirk, by whom he had six sons and three daughters. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. 306 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. GEORGE SYTEZ Captain \st New York Regiment. Died on the Susquehanna in 1819. Appointed Second Lieutenant in the 2d New York Regiment, Continental Infantry ColonelNzn. Schaick s in 1775, and went with it through the Canada Campaign, but does not appear to have been included in the consolidation of the Line at Quebec, made by Brigadier-General David Wooster, on the isth of April, 1776, who was then in command after the death of Montgomery. Hav ing been mentioned in a report of General Schuyler s " as a very good Adjutant" he was appointed Lieutenant and Adjutant of the 3d New York Regiment Colonel Gansevoort s on the 2ist of November, 1776. Omitted as Adjutant on the roster, May, 1778. Promoted Captain on the 7th of January, 1780, and transferred to the ist New York Regiment, where he served until mustered out. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll as Major. SILAS TALBOT Lieutenant-Colonel and Captain United States Navy. Born in Rhode Island on the nth of January, 1751. Died on the 3oth of June, 1813, in New York City. In accordance with a resolution passed by the New York State Society of the Cincinnati, on the 4th of July, 1795*, ^ e was admitted to membership upon condition of his depositing one month s pay in the fund, and subscribing his name to the Institution, but the record shows that he did not subscribe his name to the Roll until 1808. At the outbreaking of the Revolution he entered the service in a Conti nental Rhode Island regiment as a Captain, and served as such at the Siege of Boston. In 1776 he accompanied the army to New York, where, for services rendered in skillful operations against the vessels of the^ British, in the harbor, he was commissioned Major. In November, 1777, at Fort Mifflin, although wounded, he continued in the action until it was evacuated. In 1778 he is found again in Rhode Island, assisting General Sullivan in the transportation of the troops, and in October of that year captured the " Pigot," a floating battery of 22 guns, belonging to the enemy, while at anchor in the roadstead * See ante, page 97. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 307 of Newport Harbor. Having overhauled and equipped her, and with the " Argo," a sloop-of-war of 10 guns, he cruised off the New England coast, capturing the British ships "Lively," "King George" and "Dragon." He was commissioned by Congress a Lieutenant-Colonel on the i4th of November, 1778, and on the i7th of September, 1779, a Captain in the Navy. Subsequently, in 1780, his flag-ship was captured, and he taken prisoner and confined in the Jersey prison ship, until sent to England, where he remained until exchanged in December, 1781. After the war he purchased the estate of Sir William Johnson on the Mohawk, where he was elected for several terms to the New York Legislature, and to Congress in 1793. When the Government reorganized the Navy, in 1794, he was ordered to superintend the construction of that famous frigate the " Constitution," or as she was called "Old Ironsides," in which, becoming his flag-ship in 1799, he cruised to and around the West Indies. In September, 1801, he resigned from the service, and retired to domestic life, living in New York City until his decease, when he was buried in Trinity Church-yard. He married, first, Anna, the daughter of Colonel Barzillai Richmond, of Pro vidence, R. I., by whom he. had a large family of children. By his two other wives, Rebecca Morris, and Eliza, the widow Pintard, he left no issue. His eldest son, Cyrus, died, leaving only female issue. WILLIAM RICHMOND TALBOT, his eldest great grandson, in the direct male line, was admitted by the New York State Society in the succession on the 4th of July, 1881. SAMUEL TALLMADGE Lieutenant 2d New York Regiment. Residing at Brookhaven, Suffolk County, L. I., he became an Associator, signing on the 8th of June, 1775. He was commissioned Sergeant in Sackett s Company of the 4th New York Regiment, on the 2ist of November, 1776; promoted to be Ensign on the ist of March, 1779; Adjutant on the nth of April, 1780, and appointed Lieutenant in the same on the 27th of October, 1781. Transferred subsequently to the 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt s with which he served until mustered out. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. 308 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. WILLIAM TAPP Lieutenant $d New York Regiment. Born in London, England, on the 22(1 of December, 1750. Died in 1796 in New York City. At the age of sixteen he came to America, and enlisted when the Revolution broke out. Appointed Ensign, on the 24th of February, 1775, recruiting the Fifth Company of the ist New York Continental Regiment Colonel McDou- gall s and promoted, on the T3th of June following, to Second Lieutenant, and on the 5th of July of the same year Quartermaster. In the Canada Campaign he was in Colonel Nicholson s Regiment, and by an order of General Wooster, then commanding the Continental forces before Quebec, dated i5th of April, 1776, he appears to have been acting as Second Lieutenant. In the list of the four battalions arranged by the committee he is named as the Second Lieutenant of the Second Company of the 2d Battalion Colonel Van Cortlandt s. Promoted to be Lieutenant of De Witt s Company, 3d New York Regiment, on the 2ist of November, 1776. It is recorded in the minutes of the Committee of Arrangements of the Continental Line in 1776, that " he was a good officer and fit for a second lieutenant." In 1777 he married, at Fishkill, Mary Smith,* of Jamaica, L. L, a great- granddaughter of Jonathan Townsend, of Oyster Bay. When St. Leger laid siege to Fort Schuyler, having accompanied her husband there, she rendered important service to the garrison, where she was delivered of her first-born, a son, who, while a youth, was afterwards lost at sea. After serving four years and eight months, he resigned, on the 2oth of March, 1780, and settled in New York City, where he became a bookkeeper in the Bank of New York, the first bank of that city, organized in 1784 by General Hamilton, with General McDougall its first president. His name appears, in the first New York City Directory, published in 1786, as an accountant. He was buried in Trinity Church-yard. His name Appears on the Half- Pay Roll. EDWARD WILLIAM TAPP, his eldest grandson, eldest son of his second son, Edward Tapp, was admitted in 1858. He served on the Standing Com mittee, and for many years acted as Assistant Treasurer. * She for many yeats received aid from the Society s fund. EDWARD WILLIAM TAPP. December 1 0, 1822 - February 3, 1888. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 309 PETER TAULMAN Captain Sappers and Miners. Born in 1765. Died on the i6th of December, 1835 His first military service appears to have been as a non-commissioned officer in the ist New York Battalion Colonel John Lasher organized on the 1 4th of September, 1776, and composed of the several companies of troop known as the "Prussian Blues," " Swego Rangers," "Rangers," " Fusileers," " Hearts of Oak," " Grenadiers," " Light Infantry," " Sportsmen," " German Fusileers," "Light Horse," and "Artillery." In 1776 he joined the New York Continental Artillery as a Sergeant in Colonel Lamb s New York Artillery, and was a valuable officer, exhibiting zeal and courage, particularly in the eventful campaign of 1777, and at Monmouth, where he was wounded. He served as Adjutant of Colonel Oliver Spencer s (additional) Regiment of New York and New Jersey, Continental Infantry, and was in General Sullivan s Expedition in 1779. Upon the organization of the Corps of Sappers and Miners he was appointed a Lieutenant in it, and subsequently its Captain- Lieutenant. He also participated in the final campaign which substantially ended the war, the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown. After the war he represented Orange County in the New York State Legis latures of 1787-8. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. PETER HARMANUS TAULMAN, his eldest son, was admitted in 1843, and died on the 2oth of February, 1874, seventy-six years of age. WILLIAM WALLACE TAULMAN, his grandson, eldest son of the last, was admitted in 1876. ADAM TEN BROECK Ensign \st New York Regiment. Appointed Ensign of the Eighth Company of the ist New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s on the zgth of June, 1781, and continued in the service until mustered out. 3>0 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. JOHN C. TEN BROECK Captain ist New York Regiment. Died on the loth of August, 1835, in Columbia County, N. Y. Appointed Second Lieutenant, in the ist New York Regiment, on the ist of March, 17/6. Arranged by the Committee of Convention, on the 2 ist of November, 1776, as Lieutenant of McKean s Company of the ist New York Regiment. Promoted to be Captain of the Eighth Company of the same on the 5th of April, 1781, and served as such until mustered out. He left three daughters surviving him Maria, Mrs. Joseph Ketchum ; Anna, Mrs. Thomas Hillhouse, and Catharine, the wife of the Rev. Maurice D wight. His name appears on the Half -Pay Roll. WILLIAM SWETLAND KETCHUM, his eldest great-grandson, was admitted to the succession in 1886. ALEXANDER THOMPSON Lieutenant New York Artillery. Born in 1759. Died at West Point on the 28th of September, 1809. He was Commissary of Military Stores in 1778. Appointed, on the 3 ist of May, 1779, Second Lieutenant of the 2d Regiment, Continental Corps of Artil lery Colonel Lamb s and was in Captain John Doughty s Company. Sub sequently at West Point, by Artillery Brigade orders, issued on the 7th of November, 1780, he was its Adjutant, and served as such until mustered out. After the war he was appointed Captain-Lieutenant of Sebastian Bau man s New York Militia Regiment of Artillery, on the 4th of October. 1786, and promoted to be Captain on the ist of October, 1787, and Major on the gth of October, 1793. Appointed Captain in the ist Regiment, United States Artillery, on the 2d of June, 1794, and served until honorably discharged the service on the ist of June, 1802, when he was appointed Military Storekeeper at West Point, which office he held until his decease. He married Amelia de Hart,* of Morristown, N. J., by whom he had a large family of children. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. * She for many years received aid from the Society. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 311 ALEXANDER BALDWIN THOMPSON, his eldest grandson, was admitted in 1842, and served as Secretary from 1855 until his decease, on the 8th of May, 1859, at 47 years of age. ALEXANDER RAMSAY THOMPSON, his great grandson, eldest sur viving son of the last, was elected to membership in 1876. HENRY TIEBOUT Captain \st New York Regiment. Died in February, 1826. Appointed Second Lieutenant Colonel John Lasher s Regiment of New York Volunteers on the i4th of September, 1775. On the 2ist of September, 1775, the Committee of Safety were petitioned as follows by the officers of the Battalion, the officers belonging to the com panies of Artillery, Light Horse, Hussars and sundry officers belonging to the different Beats in the City of New York : " That in the present Critical Situation of the Publick affairs of the Colonies with the Mother Country, They conceive it to be a matter of the utmost consequence to the Liberties of America, that every member of the community capable of bearing arms should acquaint himself with Military Discipline, in order (if possible) to avert the distresses which are now hanging over them. And being convinced that the Safety of a Nation would be longer preserved by every Citizen being a Soldier, than by particular persons solicited for that purpose. They proceed to critizize a Regulation, fixing times of assembling the Beats as too far distant from each other, and ask that it be weekly, for the three months ensuing, with a monthly field day for each Battalion, as necessary to effectually answer the intention of thjir being embodied: other ways they fear it will be in a great measure defeated." Amongst the sixty-three signatures, headed by Coljnel Lasher, were those of Major Sebastian Bauman, Captain Henry Tiebout and Lieutenant Francis Lewis, Jr. At a meeting of officers held on the 2pth of January, 1776, the question was submitted " Whether the officers present are willing, that the Battalion to which they belong, engage as a Battalion in the cause of this country, on the terms and conditions offered by the Committee of Safety for the Province of New York, in answer, to certain questions proposed to them by a committee of officers from the said meeting." Thirty votes were" equally divided. Bauman and Tiebout voting with the Colonel, carried it in the affirmative. Promoted to be Captain of the 3d New York Regiment Colonel Gansevoort s on the 2ist of November, 1776, and subsequently transferred to the ist New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s serving until mustered out. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. 312 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. THOMAS TILLOTSON Surgeon General of the Northern Department. Born in 1751. Died on the 5th of May, 1832. At the time of his decease the Society issued the following General Order : NEW YORK, May nth, 1832. The acting President, with deep regret, announces to the member of the Society, the death of another of their venerable compatriots and friends, Dr. Thomas Tillotson. He died at his country seat near Rhinebeck, Dutchess County, on Sunday last, in the 8ist year of his age. Dr. Tillotson was an able and zealous advocate of the American Revolution ; highly gifted by nature and improved by education, he devoted his talents and himself to the promotion of our National Independence. He was appointed by Congress, Physician and Surgeon- General of the Northern Hospital Department of the Army, and served in that capacity until the close of the Revolutionary War. After the peace of 1783, he was several times elected to the Legisla ture, and was in the year 1801, and again in 1808, appointed Secretary of this State. Always of a delicate constitution, he was, in 1808, compelled to decline public employment, and passed the remainder of his life in the bosom of his family. He enjoyed (to him and to us) the heartfelt satisfaction, of living to see the United States prosparous and happy, beyond his most sanguine expectations. " The members of the Society are requested to wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days, in memory of their deceased companion, by order of Major-General. " CHARLES GRAHAM, Secretary, MORGAN LEWIS, Acting President" He married on the 22d of February, 1779, Margaret, daughter of Judge Robert R. Livingston, of Clermont, a sister of Colonel Henry Beekman Living ston. In 1790 he purchased lot No. i in the Schuyler patent, at Rhinebeck, where he lived, and in the same year represented Dutchess County in the New York State Assembly and his district in the State Senate from 1790 until 1800, when he was chosen Secretary of State. In the year 1801 he was elected as a Repre sentative to Congress, but his duties at Albany requiring his presence, he did not attend. He served as Secretary of State until 1807, when he retired from public life. His youngest son Howard enlisted in the Navy during the War of 1812, and was killed at the age of seventeen. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. ^ ROBERT LIVINGSTON TILLOTSON, his eldest son, was admitted in 1871, and died at his residence, near Rhinebeck, in 1878. HOWARD TILLOTSON, eldest son of the last, was admitted in 1879. THOMAS TILLOTSON. SURGEON GENERAL OF THE NORTHERN DEPARTMENT THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 313 WILLIAM TORREY* Lieutenant Hazerfs Regiment. Died on the 8th of October, 1831, in New York City. He was an original member of the Massachusetts Society, having signed its Roll apparently in duplicate. He appears to have met with the New York Society on the 4th of July, 1803, and from 1804 to 1814 was chosen a member of the Standing Committee. At his decease the following general order was issued : " NEW YORK, Oct. isth, 1831. The Vice- President, with sincere regret, announces to the members of the Society that William Torrey, an aged and respected member of the Society, has departed this life. He died, on the 8th inst., of a lingering and painful illness. Mr. Torrey was, during the Revolutionary War, a Lieutenant in Colonel Hazen s regiment, and in all his conduct evinced great bravery and attention to his duties ; and although from his situation, he had not the honor of any particular distinction, yet he had the merit and great it was in those times of having devoted himself to his country s cause, and by his services promoted the great event of our emancipation from a foreign dominion, and of the establishment of a free and independent government in these United States. " From shortness of notice, the members are debarred from attending the funeral of their deceased brother and companion, yet they can pay, and are requested to pay to him, the usual honor of wearing the badge of mourning for thirty days. By order of " CHARLES GRAHAM, Secretary. Afajor-General MORGAN LEWIS, Vice-President" His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll as Lieutenant of Massachusetts. ROBERT TROUP Staff rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, Aide-de-Camp. Born in New York City in 1756. Died there on the i4th of January, 1832. When the war broke out he was studying law in the office of John Jay, having graduated at Kings College in 1774. He entered the service as an Aide-de-Camp to Brigadier-General Nathaniel Woodhull, with rank of Lieu tenant. In the Battle of Long Island he was taken prisoner on the 27th of August, 1776, and confined in the Jersey prison-ship at Wallabout and after ward in the Prevost Prison in New York City. In the Spring of 1777 he was exchanged, and joined the American Army in New Jersey. In the following August, Gates appointed him on his Staff as one of his Aides, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and as such he served in the battles of Saratoga and the final surrender of Burgoyne at Schuylerville, on the i7th of October, 1777. * Succession in the Massachusetts Society. 314 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. In February, 1778, he was appointed by Congress, Secretary to the Board of War, which sat at the seat of Government until dissolved in the following year, when he retired from the service and continued his study of the law with Judge William Patterson, afterward the Governor of New Jersey. After peace was declared, he was appointed Judge of the District Court of the United States for New York, and in 1786 he was elected a member of the State Legislature. He was a trustee of Columbia College from 1811 until 1817. In 1822 he published several important papers as to the policy of the State with the canals, and also in regard to the claims respecting Trinity Church. For many years he resided at Geneva, N. Y., having married Janet, the daughter of Peter Goelet, by whom he had two sons, who died unmarried, and two daughters, Louisa, and Charlotte (Mrs. James L. Brinckcr- hoff}. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN TRUMBULL Staff- rank of Colonel and Deputy Adjutant-General. Born at Lebanon, Conn., on the 6th of June, 1756. Died on the loth of November, 1843, at 15 Amity Street, New York City. He was the youngest son of the first Governor, Jonathan Trumbull, and Faith Robinson. Entered the junior class at Harvard and graduated in 1773. The artist Copley being in Boston, Trumbull, on his first visit, found him entertaining some friends, arrayed in a crimson velvet suit with gold buttons, which so impressed him, that he determined to take up the palette as his profes sion in life. The pending war with Great Britain now attracting his attention, he joined the ist Connecticut, Continental Regiment, then stationed at Roxbury, as its Adjutant. Here his talent for drawing became of service, furnishing General Washington with a sketch of the enemy s works around Boston, which he had procured by cautiously observing the British lines, noting the position of their guns, and a deserter coming into camp, giving him the information necessary for its completion. In August, 1775, he was appointed an Aide-de-Camp by General Washington, with the rank of- Major. Appointed Deputy Adjutant- General of the Northern Department, on the 28th of June, 1776, with the staff rank of Colonel, and stationed at Ticonderoga, where he reconnoitered Mount Defiance Sugar Loaf Hill with General Wayne, who reported that it commanded the Post, and, suggesting the neces- THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 315 sity of its occupation. Subsequently, when the enemy did arrive, St. Clair found, when too late, that they could not only observe from it all his move ments, but actually commenced throwing hot shot into the Post, which caused him to abandon it and seek safety in that well-conducted retreat with the troops which became the nucleus of the army that shortly afterward prostrated the British power. The enemy having landed at Newport, R. I., General Arnold was ordered there to oppose them and assume command of the militia, Trumbull to accom pany him as his Adjutant-General, with headquarters fixed at Providence, and while there he received his commission, dated from September, instead of the previous June. He returned it, declining its acceptance, unless dated from the actual time of service, which Congress refusing, resulted in his retiring from the army on the 22d of February, 1777, and the termination of his brief but honorable military career. After a visit to his home at Lebanon, he went to Boston to study the works of Copley. In May, 1780, visiting Paris and reaching London in August, he placed himself as a pupil under Benjamin West, until November, when he heard of the execution of Major Andre. Lodging in the same house with an American officer, for whom a warrant had been issued, instructions were given to arrest Trumbull at the same time and secure his papers, and he was com mitted to prison. Well knowing that Trumbull had many enemies, West hastened to the palace, and obtaining an audience, explained to the King that the presence of Colonel Trumbull in London was merely professional as his pupil, George III. replied : " West, I have known you long, and I don t know that I ever received any incorrect infor mation from you on any subject, I therefore fully believe all that you have said on the present occasion, and sincerely regret the situation of the young man, but I cannot do anything to assist him, as he is in the power of the law, and I cannot interfere. Are his parents living ? Mr. West answered that his father was. " Then I sincerely pity him. Go immediately to Mr. Trumbull and give him my assurance that in the worst possible event of the law, his life will be safe." While in prison ho copied the "St. Jerome of Correggio," which is now in the Trumbull Gallery* The British Government, after eight months, admitted him to bail, by special order of the King, on condition of his leaving the king dom within thirty days, his sureties being West and Copley. Crossing over to Amsterdam, he embarked for home, where he did not arrive until January, 1782. * The Trumbull Gallery he presented to Yale College, in consideration of an annuity of $1,000 during his life, and the receipts from their exhibition after his decease applied to the education of students in need. 316 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. He revisited England in 1783, renewing his studies under West, and painted in 1785, " Priam carrying back to his palace the body of Hector." In 1786 he began painting his Scenes of the Revolution, the "Battle of Bunker Hill" and the " Death of Montgomery" He painted the portrait of Mr. Adams in London, and Mr. Jefferson in Paris, and the " Sortie of the Garrison of Gibraltar" he sold to Sir Francis Baring for five hundred guineas, a copy of which is now in the Boston Athenreum. The first session of Congress, to be held in New York City in December, 1789, called him home to paint the Signers who were to be present there. Washington sat for him at Trenton and Princeton, for full-length portraits for the Cities of New York, Charleston, S. C., and tor the Connecticut Cincin nati Society, which was subsequently presented by them to Yale College. He also painted several officers of the Revolution, traveling from New Hampshire to South Carolina. In 1794 he went abroad again as the private secretary of John Jay, then Envoy Extraordinary to Great Britain, visited Paris, but in 1796 returned to England upon his being chosen one of the Commissioners to adjust the disputed points of the treaty. In June 1804 he returned home, resuming his profession in New York City, but the embarrassment of commerce so affected his profession he was again compelled to go abroad. The second War for Independence caused his return to New York, when, in 1816, commissioned by the United States Government, he painted those four historical pictures six by nine feet now in the Rotunda of the Capitol at Washington : " Declaration of Independence, " Capture of Burgoyne at Schuylerville," " Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown," " Resignation of Washington at Annapolis." The history of his country he recorded with his sword, pen and pencil. He was an original member of the Connecticut Society, but met with the New York, on the 4th of July, 1804, serving on the Standing Committee after 1820, and elected, in 1833, Vice-President. He presented the Society with a portrait of their old Sergeant at-Arms Bryan Rossiter now in the gallery of the New York Historical Society. The following general order was issued at his death : " NEW YORK, November I3th, 1843. The President, with deep regret, announces to the members of the Society the death of their venerable friend, Colonel John Trumbull, an original member, who departed this life on Friday morning, the tenth inst., after a protracted illness, in the eighty-seventh year of his age, at the residence of Mrs. Lentner, 15 Amity Street. Colonel THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 3.1 7 Trumbull, at an early period of our Revolutionary struggle, entered the army, and was attached to the military family of General Washington, whose warm regard he maintained to the close of the war. His military life is so familiar to most of our citizens that it would be superfluous to recapitulate, suffice it to say that in all his capacities he was a distinguished and meritorious man as well as an exemplary Christian. " The Society will be debarred the melancholy satisfaction of attending his respected remains to the grave, they having, at his request, been removed to New Haven, but they will wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days. By order of EDWARD P. MARCEL.LIX, Secretary, Major-General MORGAN LEWIS, President." His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. THOMAS TURNER Captain ith Massachusetts Regiment. He was an original member of the Massachusetts Society. Met with the New York after 1787, until he removed to Charleston, S. C., where he met with the South Carolina Society until his decease. On the 8th of May, 1776, he entered the service in the i4th Continental Regiment Colonel Gamaliel Bradford. Appointed Captain in Henry Jackson s i6th Regiment on the 24th of April, 1779. Transferred to the gth and subse quently to Brook s Regiment, the yth Massachusetts, in 1783, serving with it to the end of the war. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN FRANCIS VACHER Surgeon \th New York Regiment. Born in France. Died on the 4th of December, 1807, at New York. He graduated as a physician, at the College of Chirurgie de Montpellier, in 1769. Came to America, and when the War for Independence commenced, offered his services to the Committee of Arrangements at Fishkill, who, on the 7th of February, 1777, appointed him Surgeon of the 4th Batallion, at that time commanded by Colonel Henry B. Livingston. In the next Winter he took the following oath of allegiance. " I, John F. Vacher, Surgeon 4th N. Y. Reg., do acknowledge the United States oj Anurica to be free, Independent and Foreign States, and declare that the people thereof, owe no allegience or obedience to George the Third, A ing of Great Britain : and I renounce, refuse and abjure any allegience or obedience to him ; and I do swear that I will, to the utmost of my power, support, maintain, and defend the said United States against the said George the Third, 318 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. his heirs and successors, and his or their abbetors, assistants and adherents, and will serve the United States in the office of Surgeon, which I now hold, with fidelity, according to the best of my skill and understanding, JOHN F. VAC HER, Surgeon. " Sworn before me, in Camp Valley Forge, " May 26th, 1778. ENOCH POOR, B. General." In the Indian Campaign of 1779 he accompanied General Sullivan, and the following is taken from the report of Dr. Stephen McCrea, Surgeon in com mand : " Doctor John F. Vacher was Surgeon of tfee 4th New York Regiment, and such was the state of our Hospital that I employed the Doctor to do the duty of Physician and Surgeon in it under my immediate command, from the beginning of June to the beginning of November." Brigadier-General James Clinton certifies he served " Until the Reduction of the Army, in 1781, during which time he behaved himself as a Gentleman, and attentive to his duty as Surgeon, and that he applied to me to be continued in the service, the two Standing Colonels (Van Schaick and Van Cortlandt) having made choice of their former Surgeons, by that means left no vacancy for him." Under the Act of Congress of the 2ist of October, 1780, he was deranged, after serving his country faithfully for five years in her time of need. He became a naturalized citizen on the 27th of July, 1785, under a special act of the New York State Legislature, passed in May, 1784. The Council of Appointment, over which Governor George Clinton presided in 1787, appointed him Surgeon of Colonel Stoutenburgh s Regiment of State Troops. The following letter to him from {Baron} Steuben is dated March, 1791 : " MY DEAR FRIEND. The sentiments which you express in your obliging letter, are very flattering to me, not to assure you of my great thankfulness, I should be very mortified if there was an instant, that you could have any doubt of my attachment and esteem for you. I have for a long time, tried not to familiarize myself with the foibles and passions of the human race. I know mine, and require that my friends should look upon them with indulgence. Justice demands the reciprocity. Such men as have more virtues than weakness, are estimible beings in my eyes. This is the Religion which I profess. Can you after this, doubt for a moment my friendship for you. " I thank you for your charming langedoicean Song. It is a refound treasure, that I have lost for more than twenty-four years. I thought to have need of an introduction, but my memory was more fruitful than I thought, and it is only the word ousefas, and that Anas, which T ask you to explain. " Here is the small abridged Dictionary of the fable, more useful to the son of Apollo, than to a graduate of the school of Mars. I beg you to accept it as an offering of friendship, from one who is very sincerely, your affectionate friend and servant, STEUBEN." He resided in Fulton Street, New York City, practising his profession, until his decease, when he was buried in St. Paul s Church-yard, having married Sarah, the daughter of Joseph Potter, of Madison, N. J. He met with the New Jersey State Society on the 4th of July, 1802. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 319 His only son, Francis, died unmarried, his three daughters, Sarah (Mrs. Van Vorst), Eliza (Mrs. Francis True), and Fannie (Mrs. Robert Gilchrist), surviving him. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. JOHN VAN VORST, his eldest grandson, was admitted by the New York State Society in 1849. PHILIP VAN CORTLANDT Colonel 2d New York Regiment. Born on the ist of September, 1749, in Stone Street, near the Battery, in New York City. Died unmarried, on the 5th of November, 1831, at the Manor House. He was the eldest son of Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Van Cortlandt and his wife, Johanna, daughter of Gilbert Livingston, and a great grandson of Stephanus Van Cortlandt, who married Gertrude, the daughter of Philip Pieterse Van Schuyler. His grandfather, Philip Van Cortlandt, upon his decease, entailed the Manor to his eldest male descendant ; but his eldest grandson, Philip, whose father sided with the Crown, became a Colonel in the British service, and so was unable to substantiate his claim after the war. At the age of fifteen he was placed at the Coldenham Academy, under the care of Professor Adams, until, at the completion of his studies, when he became proficient in the profession of a land surveyor. Governor Tryon com missioned him Major of Colonel James Ver Planck s Regiment, raised on the Manor, before the Revolutionary War broke out. When it did, he threw his commission in the fire, and, notwithstanding the urgent requests of his family s loyal relations, took issue with his father and espoused the cause of the oppo nents of the Crown. Governor Tryon and his wife visited the Manor House in hopes of persuading the family to remain loyal ; but finding it useless, left, . when young Philip offered his services to and was recommended by the Mili tary Committee, and on the i8th of June, 1775, was commissioned by Congress Lieutenant-Colonel of the 4th Batallion of the New York Continental Infantry, marching with it to Ticonderoga. Having procured a leave of absence, and meeting Washington at the house of his relative James Van Cortlandt, in Westchester County, he appointed him at Kingsbridge on his Staff. General McDougall wrote to the Military Committee : " As Lieutenant Colonel Cortlandt is the oldest of that rank, I take it for granted, as he is a young gentleman of family and spirit, he will be appointed to the command of my old regiment." 320 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Washington now filled up a commission for him as Colonel, dated the 3oth of November, 1776, assigning him to the command of the 2d New York Regi ment, in place of Colonel Ritzema. He reached his new command at Trenton the morning after the battle, when it was ordered to Fishkill, where it assisted in the protection of the passes of the Hudson, until ordered to the relief of Fort Schuyler, up the Mohawk Valley. When St. Leger was defeated, it was ordered back, and 1 joined General Poor s Brigade, opposing the advance of Burgoyne in Saratoga, until his surrender, on the i7th of October, 1777, when it moved down the river to Kingston, which Sir Henry Clinton had burned, just before his hasty retreat to New York, and joined Washington at White Marsh, going into Winter quarters at Valley Forge. At the request of Washington he remained in command of the post at Radner s Meeting House, while his regiment, in pursuit of the British retreating from Philadelphia, was engaged without him in the action at Monmouth. He rejoined it at Poughkeepsie, and resumed the command during the Winter in the contonments on the Hudson at New Windsor. In the Spring of the next year, 1779, his regiment, consisting of six hundred men, was ordered to join General Sullivan at Fort Penn. Defeating the Indian chief Brant, in a skirmish on the way, he reached Wilkesbarre, marching thirty miles through the Wilderness in thirty days, and took part" in the defeat and total rout of Butler s Tories and Brant s Indians, laying their country waste all the way to Tioga. He then brought his regiment to Morristown, going into Winter quarters there, and sitting on Arnold s Court Martial at Philadelphia in January. In the Spring of 1780 he brought his regiment again to the defence of the Hudson, with his camp at West Point, when he was selected to command one of the regiments of light infantry, of the two brigades under La Fayette contem plated for a secret expedition, but which was temporarily abandoned. La Fayette then went to Virginia, joining General Greene in the Southern Campaign. On the 2ist of October, 1780, Congress passed the act consolidating the regiments of the different States, and New York s Quota was reduced to two, as follows : The ist and 3d under Colonel Van Schaick, the 2d 4th, 5th and what was left of Colonel James Livingston s, and the New York portion of Colonel Spencer s (additional) Regiment, under Colonel Van Cortlandt, taking effect by the general order of the ist of January, 1781. In the following Fall he was ordered by Washington to proceed with his regiment as the rear guard of the army, on the way to Yorktown. There he joined La Fayette and Steuben, and during the siege commanded the New York Brigade in the trenches until Cornwallis surrendered, when he took charge of the British prisoners in their march to Fredericksburgh, and finally went into Winter quarters at Pompton, N. J. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 321 In the Summer of 1782, his command encamped at Ver Planck s Point, on the Hudson, near his home, and in the following Winter went into huts at New Windsor. He was present there at the meeting called by the Com- mander-in-Chief to consider the disaffection that had arisen among the troops. Upon the disbandment of the Army, he presented the colors of the 2d New York Regiment, to Gwernor George Clinton, at Poughkeepsie, and retired to his home. In 1783, Congress gave him the rank of Brigadier -General for his services and gallant conduct at the Siege of Yorktown. He served as a member in the New York Assembly and State Senate for several sessions, and held his seat in Congress from 1793 to 1809. When La Fayette visited the United States in 1824, he entertained and accompanied him on his tour. For many years he served as Treasurer of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati. He died at his residence in the eighty-second year of his age ; and this great and distinguished veteran s remains now lie mouldering in the private burying-ground of the family, near the old Manor House, overlooking the most picturesque and romantic portion of the Hudson. The following General Order was issued by the Society on the 9th of Novem ber, 1831 : " The Vice- President, in the discharge of his official duty, announces to the members of the Society that their venerable and respected friend and companion, General Philip Van Cortlandt, departed this life, at his residence in Westchester County, on Saturday, the 5th inst , in the eighty-second year of his age. Afflicting as this dispensation of Providence must be to the members of the Society, with whom the deceased was so long associated, it is to be remembered that he died full of years, and possessed, to the last, the esteem and confidence of his fellow citizens. " G enera/Van Cortlandt was, at the time of his death, the oldest surviving officer of his rank in the New York Line of the Continental Army. He was a Major of the Colonial Militia previous to the Revolution ; and in the year 1775 he was commissioned to the same rank in the Revolutionary Army ; was appointed Lieutenant- Colonel in February, 1776, and Colonel of the 2d New York Regiment in the month of November of the same year, and at the close of the war he was commissioned as a Brigadier-General. He was in the Battle of Monmouth Court-house, New Jersey, and in the actions of Stillwater and Bemis Heights in September and October, 1 777, and had the honor to be present at the surrender of the British armies, commanded by General Burgoyne and Lord Cornwaliis. " General Van Cortlandt s regiment was, upon several occasions, complimented for its disci pline and appearance in the orders of the Commander-in Chief. " In the year 1793 General Van Cortlandt was elected a member of Congress, and continued a member of that body until about the year 1809, when he declined public employment, and retired to his farm, near Croton, upon the North River. " The members of the Society are requested to wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days, in memory of their deceased friend. MORGAN LEWIS, Vice-President. "CHARLES GRAHAM, Secretary." 322 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. PIERRE VAN CORTLANDT, Lieutenant-Governor, his brother, was in 1832 admitted in the succession. He married, first, Catherine Clinton, but had no issue by her, and, secondly, Ann Stevenson. He died on the i3th of June, 1848, at the Manor House at Croton Landing. PIERRE VAN CORTLANDT, his nephew, only son of the last, was admitted in 1853. He married Catherine Beck, and died on the nth of July, 1884, at the Manor House at Croton Landing, having served for many years as one of the Standing Committee. JAMES STEVENSON VAN CORTLANDT, only surviving son of the last, was admitted in 1885. BARTHOLOMEW VANDERBURGH Ensign 2d New York Regiment. Having entered the service, he was, on the ist of May, 1778, appointed an Ensign in the 5th New York Regiment Colonel Lewis Du Bois. After the consolidation of the New York Line, on the ist of January, 1781, he appears to have been arranged in the 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt s and serving until mustered out on the ist of January, 1782. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll as Lieutenant. Captain 2ci New York Regiment. Born at Troy, N. Y., in 1760. Died on the i2th of April, 1812, at Vin- cennes, Ind., leaving three sons and six daughters. At the age of sixteen he enlisted in the 5th New York Regiment, and after the Continental Establishment of the Quota for the State of New York, on the 2ist of November, 1776, was appointed Lieutenant of Rosecrans Company of the 5th New York Regiment, his commission having been signed by John Jay, then President of the Continental Congress, at Philadelphia, and under the reorganization it appears he received another, dated on the 2oth of June, 1779, and signed by John Hancock. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 3 2 3 Promoted Captain on the 3oth of March, 1/80, and subsequently transferred to the 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt and served with it until mustered out. Some years after the war was over, he settled in the Territory of Indiana. The following is from the Evansville Enquirer : " The exact time of his coming to the then Territory of Indiana is not known, but most probably in 1788, as it is known that in February, 1790, he was married in Vincennes, Knox County (at which place he resided until his death in 1812), to Frances Cornoyer, the daughter of Pierre Cornoyer, one of the most respected of the ancient inhabitants of Post Vincennes, then largely engaged in the Indian trade. His wife still survives him, and is now a resident of Vin cennes. In 1791 he was appointed by Arthur Saint Clair, then Commander-in-Chief and Governor of the Territory of the United States northwest of the River Ohio, Justice of the Peace and Judge of Probate of Knox County. In 1799 he was one of the Legislative Council of the Northwest Territory, which held its session at Cincinnati, and was elected President of that body. In 1800 he was appointed Judge of the Indian Territory by President Adams. His circuit comprehended within its boundaries what now constitute the four States of Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, and during his term he actually held court the same year in three of the above-named States, to wit : at Vincennes, Indiana ; Kaskaski, Illinois, and Detroit, Michigan. All these places being embraced in his Judicial Circuit as Judge of the Indian Terri tory. His journeyings were on horseback, carrying his own provisions, through a wilderness occupied solely by the Indian and the wild beast of the forest, and the face of the white man unseen, except at places where Court was held and their immediate vicinity, and even there the population was very scarce. Full in years and full in honors, Judge Vanderburgh departed this life at Vincennes. April 12. 1812, beloved and respected both in public and private life by all who knew him. Vanderburgh County may well be proud of her lineage. One of his granddaughters, Cora Le Roy, married General William North Belknap, Secretary of War, in 1861. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. CORNELIUS VAN DYCK Lieutenant-Colonel isf New York Regiment. He resided at Albany, and when the hostilities commenced between the Colonies and the Crown joined the Continental Army, and on the 28th of June, 1775, was appointed a Captain in the 2d New York Regiment. Upon the Establishment of New York s Quota, on the 2ist of November, 1776, he was promoted to be the Lieutenant-Colonel of the ist New York Regi ment ColonclVzn. Schaick s and served with it until mustered out at the close of the war. In 1788 he represented Albany County in the New York State Legislature. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. 324 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. JOHN VAN DYK Captain- Lieutenant New York Artillery. Born in New York City in 1753. Died on the 28th of February, 1840. Admitted to the Society in 1798.* When the British ship-of-war "Asia" fired on the City of New York, he assisted in removing the guns from the Battery. He enlisted in the ist Regiment of Minute Men or Volunteer Infantry Colonel John Lasher s on the 1 4th of September, 1775, and was one of the non-commissioned officers of it. Appointed Lieutenant of Artillery, by the Provincial Congress of New Jersey on the 24th of March, 1776, and in the following November, he was commis sioned a First Lieutenant in the regular service, by the Continental Congress. It is claimed that subsequently, he was Captain- Lieutenant in Colonel John Lamb s 2d Regiment of Artillery, and at the conclusion of the war, by the Act of Congress, attained the rank of Major. He participated in the Battles of Long Island, the skirmish along the Harlem Heights, White Plains, Monmouth, Trenton, and was at the Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown. During the war, on a voyage for his health, he was captured by an English frigate, and underwent the horrors and suffer ings of a confinement in the Jersey prison-ship. After the war he engaged in business in New York City, until appointed a clerk in the Custom House, which office he retained until his death. He married twice ; by his first wife, Sarah C. Clark, he left no male issue. His second wife was Ann Center, by whom he had several sons.t FRANCIS VAN DYK, his eldest son, was admitted in 1842, and died in 1878 at his residence in Brooklyn, N. Y. JAMES VAN DYK, his grandson, eldest son of the last, was admitted in 1880. * At the Anniversary Meeting, on the 4th of July, 1798, a certificate was produced from the War Office stating that Philip Van Cortlandt, Esq., had received thirty-three and one third-dollars, being for one month s pay of Captain-Lieutenant John Van Dyke, whereupon Resolved, that on Mr. Van Dyke s signing the original Institu tion of the Cincinnati, he will henceforward be considered a member thereof. t The Society cashed his note for two hundred dollars in 1837, which he failed to pay before his decease. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 325 RUDOLPH VAN HOEVENBARGH Lieutenant 2d Neiv York Regiment. Died in 1826. He was appointed Ensign of the 4th New York Regiment on the 2ist of November, 1776, and promoted to be Lieutenant of the same on the Qth of January, 1778. After the Consolidation of the New York Line, he was arranged in the 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt s serving with it until mustered out. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. DAVID VAN HORNE Captain <\th Massachusetts Regiment. Born in 1755. Died on the i2th of May, 1801. He was the only son of David Van Home, a resident of New York, and when the first War for Independence broke out entered the service, and was commissioned a Captain in Henry Jackson s Regiment. In the year 1788 he married Sarah Coventry Miller, by whom he had only one child, Augusta, the wife of Dr. Samuel Floyd, of New York City. On the occasion of the ceremonies connected with the death of Washington at Albany, on Thursday, the pth of January, 1800, he, with General Schuyler, Colonel Gansevoort, Captains John C. Ten Broeck, John H. Wendell and Stephen Lush, were the pall-bearers in the funeral procession. He held the office of Adjutant-General of the State of New York until the 27th of January, 1801. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. DAVID VAN HORNE FLOYD, his eldest grandson, was admitted in 1842. He married Elizabeth F. Kermit, and died in 1878, leaving only one child surviving him, Sarah (Mrs. George Vingut). JEREMIAH VAN RENSSELAER Lieutenant and Paymaster \st New York Regiment. Born in 1740. Died on the 22d of February, 1810, at Albany, N. Y. He was a descendant of Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, the first Patroon of the Manor of Rensselaerwyck ; was the second son of Johannes Van Renssaelaer and Gertrude Van Cortlandt, and a brother of Catharine, General Schuyler s 326 THK SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. wife. After graduating in 1758, at the College of New Jersey, he married Judith Bayard in 1761, by whom he had one son, John. When the War for Independence broke out he entered the service, and was, on the 28th of May, 1776, appointed Ensign in Bleecker s Company of the 3d New York Regiment, and Paymaster on the following 2ist of November. After the Consolidation he was arranged, with the same rank, in the ist New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s and subsequently promoted to be Lieutenant, serving until mustered out with his regiment. He was elected in 1788 a member of the New York Assembly, held a seat in Congress, from 1789 to 1791, and appointed by the Legislature, on the 6th of November, 1800, one of the Presidential Electors, and on the 28th of April, 1801, elected the Lieutenant-Governor of the State. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. NICHOLAS VAN RENSSELAER Captain ist New York Regiment. Born at Greenbush in 1754. Died on the 29th of March, 1848. He was admitted by the Society on the 4th of July, 1826, mine pro tune. He was a descendant of Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, the first Patroon of the Manor of Rensselaerwyck, and was the third son of Kiliaen Van Rensselaer and Ariantje Schuyler. His grandfather, Hendrick, received from his elder and only brother, Kiliaen, the lower Manor of Claverack and fifteen hundred acres of the upper Manor at Greenbush, including the island in the Hudson River. When the Revolution broke out he enlisted in the service, and was appointed Second Lieutenant of the 2d Regiment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel Van Schaick s on the 28th of June, 1775, an d was with General Montgomery in the Canada Campaign, where, at the storming of Quebec, he and Colonel James Livingston were within a few feet of him when he and his Aide-de-Camp, Captain John McPherson, fell. In the Continental Establishment of the New York Quota he was, on the 2 ist of November, 1776, appointed First Lieutenant of Captain Graham s Company of the ist New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s and promoted to Captain in the same on the ist of September, 1778, serving until deranged, in 1781, by the Act of Congress. He was appointed an Aide on the staff of General Schuyler, and was with St. Clair in his retreat from Ticonderoga, disputing the advance of Burgoyne s THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 327 Army all the way down to Stillwater and Bemis Heights. After the surrender he was selected to convey the intelligence to the terrified citizens of Albany. Mrs. Catherine Van Rensselaer Bonney, in her " Historical Gleanings," describes the scene of his arrival there on horseback, as follows : " Flying through the city, while the brave officer cried aloud the cheering words, Burgoyne is taken and we are victorious. The scene was an enthusiastic one ; the people flocking in throngs, almost drawing him from his horse s back, eager to hear a confirmation of the glorious news ; it diffused joy and gladness not only there, but throughout the Union. In Albany the event was celebrated with much display, an ox was roasted whole, for the occasion, a pole passing through it and resting on crutches, served as a spit, while a pair of cart-wheels, at the ends of the pole, were used to turn it. A hole was dug in the ground, in which, beneath the ox, a fire was made. While cooking, several pails of salt water were applied with swabs, to keep the meat from burning. When roasted it was drawn through the principal streets, and the patriotic secured a good slice. A constant roar of artillery was kept up during the day. In the evening, almost every house in the city was illuminated. A large pyramid of pine fagots, in the centre of which stood a liberty pole, supporting on its top a barrel of tar, was set on fire on Pinkster Hill, where now stands the State Capitol, early in the evening. The capture of Burgoyne and his army inspired Americans with confidence as to their final triumph." When the remains of Montgomery were brought down from Canada in July, 1818, he was one of the pall-bearers in the funeral obsequies at Albany. The following letter to his brother Philip, dated from Montreal, November 2ist, 1775, is interesting : " I embrace this opportunity to inform you, that I am in good health and hope this may find you and your family the same. In the first place, I must give you joy with your young daughter. In the next place, I will inform you how we have carried our siege against our enemies. We lay at St. Johns six weeks and four days before they surrendered, the first of this instant, they gave up, the 1 3th of this instant, our General (Montgomery) marched in this Town without firing a gun. General Carleton ran off with twelve vessels, well loaded with provisions and ammunition, and ran down about forty miles below this place, where we had a battery of eight guns, in the very narrowest place in the whole River, where they could not pats without being taken. " They made an attempt once to go by, but they received such hoot fire that they were forced to go back and our Royalty followed them up very close and kept firing on them, till they sent a flag and made capitulation. There was one Schooner, loaded with powder that they threw all overboard. We took the twelve vessels, and the Brigadier General, one Lieutenant Colonel, three Majors, five Captains, six Lieutenants and one hundred and thirteen privates, besides the Sailors, that had a vast sight of provisions which we have all took. The officers of our Battallion, are all resolved to stay till next May and we are now enlisting our men over again to stay till that time, so you need not expect me home till then, and if the service requires, I shall stay longer. I expect we shall within three days, march to Quebec, to take that. The General is going off to-morrow. " I shall now rest and remain your loving brother, "NICHOLAS VAN RENSSELAER." In 1781 he married Elsie Van Buren, by whom he had two sons, Kiliaen and Cornelius, and two daughters, Magdelene (Mrs. Peter Douw Beeckman) and Harriet Schuyler (Mrs. A. Herbert Witbeck). His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. 328 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. GOOSE VAN SCHAICK Colonel \st New York Regiment. Born at Albany on the 5th of September, 1736. Died there on the 4th of July, 1789. He was the second son of Sybrant G. Van Schaick, Mayor of Albany from 1756 to 1761. At the age of nineteen he joined the expedition against Crown Point as a Lieutenant, when the French and Indians were defeated in Septem ber, 1755, by Sir William Johnson, and was, in the following May, promoted to Captain. In the expeditions against Fort Frontenac and Niagara he was promoted to be \hzMajor of Sir William Johnson s Regiment in 1759 and Lieutenant-Colonel of the ist New York Regiment on the 2oth of March, 1762. When the Revolutionary War commenced he had acquired a thorough military education, bearing the mark in his cheek of a musket ball which had struck him at Ticonderoga, and from the effects of which he afterwards died. On the 3oth of June, 1775, he succeeded Colonel Myndert Roseboom in com mand of the 2d New York Regiment. Under the Act of Congress, 24th of March, 1776, the five regiments furnished by New York were organized for the war, and he was appointed Colonel of the 5th New York, but by the subsequent Act of Congress, on the :6th of September following, he was arranged under the Continental Establishment of the State s Quota, on the 2ist of November, 1776, the Colonel of the ist New York Regiment, which position he retained during the rest of the contest or until the regiment was mustered out of the service. The following letter, dated from Saratoga, 29th of October, 1776, is copied from the State Papers : "GENTLEMEN. I am honored with your favor of yesterday s date as I found that the Militia moved with the greatest reluctance from Fort Edward, I resolved to let Colonel Dayton of the Jersey line prosecute his march to Ticonderaga and let about 400 of the Militia from Fort Edward march to Tryon County and gave orders accordingly early yesterday morning. Colonel Dayton has already passed this and I momentarily expect the Militia here " Altho I am quite in sentiment with you, on B. Huston s information, yet it is very possible that General Carlton may detach, or has already detached a part of his Force (especially his Indians, Tories & Canadians, who would be of very little service in an attack on our Lines) to the Mohawk River. I shall therefore order the Militia whom I expect from Fort Edward, to pro ceed without delay to Tryon County, and to put themselves under the command of General Herkimer or Colonel Van Schaick, whom I have ordered into that Quarter, and referred to you for instructions. " I do not apprehend that an attack will be made by the way of Fort Stanwix, and as the Garrison at that place is sufficiently numerous I would not advise the sending any more men there. I do not think it would be proper to strip the City altogether of Troops and you will THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 329 therefore please to cause some of the Militia to remain and desire Colonel Van Schaick to take the two Companies of his Regiment up with him. " I am Gentlemen, Respectfully, Your Most Obdt Humb Servant " Committee of Convention. PH. SCHUYLER." In February, 1779, leaving his command at Fort Schuyler, he joined -Brigadier-General James Clinton, who was marching to "expel the enemy s invasion of the Mohawk, and on the 2oth of the following April, with Colonel Peter Gansevoort and five hundred men, surprised and destroyed the Onondaga Settlements, returning to his command on the 24th, For this service he received the thanks of Congress on the 8th of June, 1779, and the following notice from General Washington in General Orders, dated May 8th, 1779 : " The good conduct, secrecy, spirit and despatch, with which the enterprize was executed, does the highest honor to Colonel Van Schaick and the officers and men under his command, and merits the thanks of the Commander-in-Chief." On the i4th of November, 1770, he married Maria Ten Broeck, by whom he had five sons and one daughter. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. GARRET VAN WAGENEN* Surgeon %th Pennsylvania Regiment. Born at Kingston, N. Y., on the i5th of March, 1756. Died on the i2th of April, 1792, at Newark, N. J. He was the eldest son of Jacob Van Wagenen and his wife, Neltje Visscher, and having been educated practically as a physician, enlisted in the cause of the Colony, and was appointed Surgeon of the 8th Pennsylvania Regiment, with which he continued until honorably discharged the service at the close of the war. He married Miss Todd, a Virginia lady, who died soon afterwards without issue. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN ISAAC PLUME (Colonel U. S. A), -his nephew (the eldest son of his only sister, Annatje, the wife of Isaac Plume), was admitted in 1824.! He served during the War of 1812 in Colonel Schuyler s Regiment, at Niagara and along the frontier, until peace was declared on the i4th of February, 1815. Residing in New Jersey, he met with the Society there on the 4th of July, 1827, and was in 1830 elected its Secretary. At his decease, in March, 1854, the * See ante, page 156. The Lieutenant Garret H. Van Wagener, who signed the remonstrance with Captain Aaron Aorson and others, was his first cousin. t See ante, page 106. 330 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. New York State Society issued a general order to wear the usual badge of mourning for him, for thirty days. JOHN VISSCHER PLUME, only son of the last, was admitted by the New York Society in 1857. He died without issue on the 26th of April, 1884, at San Francisco. TUNIS VAN WAGENEN Lieutenant 2d New York Regiment. Appointed on the 2ist of November, 1776, Ensign in the 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt s and promoted to be a Lieutenant on the loth of October following. In August, 1778, he was appointed Brigade Quartermaster, and served as such until deranged, January ist, 1781, by Act of Congress. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roil. HENRY VAN WOERT Lieutenant and Quartermaster ist New York Regiment. Born on the 2pth of March, 1747. Died on the 5th of February, 1813. He entered the service as Quartermaster of the 2d Regiment, New York Continental Infantry Colonel Van Schaick s on the 3oth of June, 1775. Appointed, upon the Continental Establishment of New York s Quota, under Colonel Van Schaick, Ensign of the ist New York Regiment on the aist of November, 1776, and Quartermaster in January, 1779. Promoted to be a Lieutenant on the 2gth of September, 1780, and served until mustered out with his regiment. General Schuyler, on a list in 1776, noted him, when he was Quartermaster, " as a good officer." He appears on another list in the State Records as "Adjutant and as having resigned that position in or before 1777." His tombstone, in the Reformed Protestant Dutch burial ground at Albany, bears the following inscription : " In Memory of Henry Van Woert, an old Revolutionary Officer, who died on the 5th of February, 1813. Aged 65 years and 10 months." He married Catharina Eights, by whom he had three sons and four daughters. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 331 RICHARD VARICK Lieutenant-Colonel and Deputy Mustermaster-General, Born on the 25th of March, 1753. Died on the 3oth of July, 1831. At the time of his birth his parents were living at Hackensack, N. J. When the Revolution broke out, he having been practising his profession, the law, in New York City, joined the army in 1775, and was appointed a Captain in the ist New York Continental Infantry, under Colonel McDougall. On the roth of April, 1777, being at that time the Military Secretary of General Schuyler, Congress conferred upon him the position of Deputy Muster master-General of the Northern Department, with the rank of Lieutenant- Colonel, and he was on duty organizing and keeping up the quotas as far as possible to their full standard, and preparing the requirements necessary to impede the advance of General John Burgoyne, who had already made such a formidable entrance to the State by way of Lake Champlain. He was present at his final total defeat and surrender at General Schuyler s head quarters at the confluence of the Fish-Creek and the Hudson, near where the Aqueduct of the Champlain Canal now stands. In the following year the office he held having been abolished, he acted as Inspector- General at West Point on the staff of General Arnold, until after the discovery of his meditated treason, when Washington took him into his " military family " as Recording Secretary of his official and private correspondence, which position he held during the war. The following letters from Washington to him, express his Excellency s sentiments in regard to his ability and method : " ROCKY HILL, Oct. 2<d, 1783. " DEAR SIR : Enclosed are my private Letters for registering " As fast as they are entered, return them to me by the weekly mail ; for we have occasion for frequent references do the same thing with the Public Letters. " As the letters which are handed to you now, contain sentiments upon undecided points, it is, more than ever, necessary that there should be the strictest guard over them, and the most perfect silence with respect to their contents. Mr. Taylers prudence will, I persuade myself induce him to pay particular attention to both. " I am Dr. Sir Yr most obed Servt GO. WASHINGTON." " MOUNT VERNON, January gth, 1784. " DEAR SIR From the moment 1 left the City of New York until my arrival at this place, I have been so much occupied by a variety of concerns, that I could not find a moments leisure to acknowledge the receipt of your favors of the 4th and yth ultimo. " The public and other Papers which were committed to your charge, and the Books in which they have been recorded under your inspection, having come safe to hand, I take this first opportunity of signifying, my entire approbation of the manner in which you have executed the important duties of recording Secretary ; and the satisfaction 1 feel in having my Papers so properly arranged, & so correctly recorded and beg you will accept my thanks for the care and 332 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. attention which you have given to this business I am fully convinced that neither the present age nor posterity will consider the time and labour which has been employed in accomplishing it, unprofitably spent. " I pray you will be persuaded, that I shall take a pleasure in asserting on every occasion the sense I entertain of the fidelity, skill and indefatigable industry manifested by you in the perform ance of your public duties, and of the sincere regard & esteem with which " I am Dr Sir Yr most obed fc afft Servt GO. WASHINGTON." In the Fall of 1780 he wrote General Schuyler that a Court of Inquiry was about to convene respecting his having been conversant with Arnold s plot to surrender West Point to the British, desiring him to attend, whereupon he sent the following letter to the Court, addressed to Colonel Van Schaick, its presid ing officer : " SARATOGA, October 15th, 1780. " SIR : Yesterday I received a letter from Colonel Varick, informing me that he had intreated an Inquiry into his conduct, and that it would probably soon take place, and requesting me to attend to give my testimony. As he has long resided with me, nothing but a very ill state of health prevents my attending. I consider it however a duty incumbent on me to inform you Sir, and thro, you the Court, that in the year 1775, Richard Varick Esq. was appointed a Captain in one of the New York Battallions ; that when the command of the Northern Department was conferred on me, I appointed him my Secretary ; that he served in that office until the Autumn of 1776, when he was appointed Deputy Muster Master General and had the rank of Lieutenant Colonel conferred on him, in which office he remained until the Muster Master Department was abolished. That I reflect with satisfaction on the propriety of that Gentlemans conduct in every point of view ; that I had such entire confidence in his attachment to the Glorious Cause we are engaged in, that I concealed nothing from him, and never once had reason to repent that I reposed so much trust in him ; that I am so far from believing him capable of betraying his Country, that if even testimony on oath was given against him, it would gain little credit with me, unless the persons giving it were of fair and unblemished characters. Upon the whole as I have always found him to be a man of strict Honor, probity & virtue, so I do still believe him to be, -I am Sir, Your most obedient Humble Servant, PH: SCHUYLER. " President of the Court for Enquiring into the Conduct of Lt. Colo: Varick." The Court unanimously reported their opinion " That Lieutenant Colonel Varick s conduct, with respect to the base peculations and treas onable practices of the late General Arnold, is not only unimpeachable but we, think him entitled through every part of his conduct to a degree of merit, that does him great honor as an officer and particularly, distinguishes him as a sincere friend of his Country." Which was approved as follows : " HEAD QUARTERS, CAMP TOTOWA, THURSDAY November i6th, 1780. " The Commander in chief, is pleased to accept and approve the following report of a Court of Enquiry, held at West Point, the 2d instant, to examine into the conduct of Lieutenant Colonel Varick, in his connexion with the late Major General Arnold, during his command at West-Point and relative to his desertion to the Enemy. " ALEXANDER- SCAMMELL, Adjutant General. " Co to net Van Schaick, President ; Lieutenant Colonels Cobb and Dearborn, Major Reid and Captain Cox, Members." THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 333 Arnold s letter, dated from the Vulture," acquits him of all knowledge of his intentions. The following letter to him from General Schuyler has never been pub lished, and shows the intimacy existing between them : " SARATOGA May 3d 1778. " DR COLONEL. I thank you for your favor by Mr Fonda & for the intelligence you have given me I had a hint some time ago, that Gates would take the command in the highlands as soon as all was prepared, he has the luck of reaping harvests sown by others. " I hope to be down on Wednesday. My Compliments to Mr & Mrs Rensselaer. Adieu I am Sir Sincerely Yours &c &c " Col. VARICK PH. SCHUYLER." He accepted the office of Recorder of the City of New York in 1783, and in the next year was elected a member of the State Legislature, when, with Samuel Jones, he was appointed to revise the Statutes of the State, issued in 1789. He presided as Speaker of the Assembly in 1787 and 1788. Appointed Attorney-General in May, 1789, and the following September elected Mayor of New York, which office he retained until Edward Livingston succeeded him in 1 80 1. He was President of the New York Society of the Cincinnati from 1806 until his decease, which occurred at his residence in Jersey City, upon which occasion the Society issued the general order to attend his funeral from the Dutch Church, corner of Cedar and Nassau Streets, wearing the usual badge of mourning for thirty days, at the same time expressing the following senti ments : " That his courtesy and kindness to the members, his liberality to such of the descendants of deceased members as needed it, and his attachment to this Institution, can never be forgotten." He married Maria, daughter of Isaac Roosevelt, but died without issue surviving him. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JOHN VREDENBURGH VARICK, his nephew (a twin*), son of his eldest brother, Abraham Varick and Truentia Vredenburgh, was admitted to the succession in 1832. He died on the i8th of May, 1835, at his residence in Jersey City. RICHARD ABRAHAM VARICK, eldest son of the last, was admitted in 1855. He died in 1872. JOHN BARNES VARICK, eldest son of the last, was admitted in 1872. * The other twin, Abraham Varick, married Anna Floyd (widow of George W. Clinton, the only son of Governor George Clinton), daughter of General William Floyd, of Long Island, and died, leaving two daughters, Antoinette and Julia. 334 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. PETER VOSBUROUGH Captain <\th New York Regiment. He was a resident of Ulster County, N. Y., and soon after the Revolution broke out was appointed, in 1776, a Lieutenant in Colonel Van Schaick s ist New York Regiment. On the ist of February, 1777, he was transferred to the 4th New York Regiment Colonel Henry B. Livingston s with the same rank. Appointed Quartermasters the 7th of September, 1778. Promoted to be a Captain in his regiment on the 6th of January, 1779, and served as such until mustered out of the service at the close of the war. His name appears on the Half -Pay Roll. JOHN WALDRON Captain- Lieutenant New York Artillery. Born in New York City on the 2gth of February, 1756. Died unmarried. He was the eldest son of William Waldron and Helligant Minthorne (the half-sister of Captain Jacob and Lieutenant John Reed), and a descendant of Resolved Waldron, of Amsterdam, Holland, whose son, Joseph, emigrated to America in 1752. With Lieutenant-Colonel Marinus Willett and others* he removed the King s Arms from the old New York City Hall, in Broad Street. At the beginning of the war he enlisted as a private in Captain Abraham Van Dyck s Company of Grenadiers, ist New York Regiment of Volunteer Infantry or Minute Men, under Colonel John Lasher, on the i4th of September, 1775. In a report to the Committee of Arrangement, made to them by the officers of his regiment and dated 2gth of January, 1776, he was mentioned " As one of the regiment willing to enter into the service of his country, and who could be depended on." His regiment was retained in the service until after the Battles of Long Island and White Plains, when, in November, 1776, it was disbanded. Having been recommended by Colonel Lasher for a commission in the Regular Army, he was, on the ist of January, 1777, appointed Second Lieti- tenant of the 2d Regiment, Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s and on the i^th of September, 1778, promoted to be First Lieutenant of * See ante, page 277. , THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 335 Gershom Mott s and afterward of Captain John Doughty s Company. On the 23d of March, 1781, he was elected its Captain- Lieutenant. On the following 23d of June he was transferred to Captain Andrew Moodie s Company, in which he served until he was, at his own request, honorably discharged on the 8th of April, 1782, after faithfully serving his country for six years. BENJAMIN WALKER Captain 2d New York Regiment, Aide -de -Camp. Born in England in 1753. Died on the i3th of January, 1818, at Utica, N. Y. He joined the army as a Lieutenant on the 24th of February, 1776, in the ist Regiment of Continental Infantry Colonel McDougall s and was pro moted, on the Establishment of the New York Quota on the following 2ist of November, to be Captain in Colonel Henry B. Livingston s 4th New York Regiment, and on the consolidation was transferred to the 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt s as Captain of the First Company. The opportunity for the opening of his future career is shown in the follow ing extract from a letter from Colonel Alexander Scammell to General Sullivan, dated Valley Forge, April 8th, 1778, when Baron Steuben had assumed the duty of General-Inspector, and was instructing recruits in tactics : " At the first parade, the troops neither understanding the command, nor how to follow in a movement, to which they had not been accustomed, even with th^ir instructor at their head, were getting fast into confusion. At this moment Captain Benjami i Walker, then of the 2d New York Regiment, advanced from his platoon, offered his assistance to translate the order to the troops. If, said the Baron, I had seen an angel from Heaven, I should not have been more rejoiced. " His knowledge of language was the cause of his being attached to the Baron s Staff as an Aide-de-Camp in September, 1778, and afterwards as his companion and heir in his home in the Wilderness, " the Palace of Logs " He was Steuben s intelligent medium at Headquarters, with Congress, in the Department and in personal complications. His correspondence shows that, like his young associates in the service, he owed his advancement to his cultivated mind. Captain Peter S. Duponceau, who served with him on the Baron s Staff, has described him " Not with a brilliant, but a solid education, he was master of the French language, and gifted by nature with a clear head and sound judgment. He was brave, intelligent, honest and 336 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. true. I enjoyed his friendship to the time of his death. He was beloved and respected by all who knew him." On the 25th of February, 1782, he was transferred to Washington s Staff as one of his Aides. Copy of a letter, endorsed " Captn. B. Walker. General Washington and his lady are to visit me at Pompton." " To Brigadier-General Clinton or officer commanding the New- York Brigade . " MOKKISTOWN, March 27th/S2. " SIR, The Commander-in-Chief proposes leaving this place to morrow morning so as to arrive in the vicinity of your Cantonment in the evening, and the next morning early will review the Troops, and proceed the same day as far as Ringwood, as it is rather dangerous remaining all night in the Clove, you will please to send a Captain s Guard from your Brigade, to remain at Ringwood the night the General stays there. You will also please to order your Quarter Master, to provide sufficient quarters in your vicinity for the General & his family, which consists of Mrs. Washington and four Gentlemen, with nineteen horses, inclusive of the escort of an officer, Sergt. and twelve Dragoons. " I am Sir, yr very humble servant " BEN. WALKER, Aide dc Camp" After the peace he was chosen the Private Secretary of Governor George Clinton, and as a subsequent token of his appreciation, Washington appointed him Naval Officer of the Port of New York. In 1797 he was given the entire charge of the Pultney Estate by the Earl of Bute, at Utica, N. Y., and subse quently was sent from there to Congress in 1801. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. JEDEDIAH WATERMAN Ensign %th Massachusetts Regiment. Died on the 25th of September, 1828. He was admitted by the New York State Society in 1800. When the Revolutionary War commenced he entered the service as an Ensign in the 8th Massachusetts Regiment Colonel Michael Jackson s and served with it during the war and until honorably discharged the service, with his regiment. At his death the Society issued the following general order : " NEW YORK, September 25th, 1828. The President informs the members that Jedediah Waterman, Esq , an original member of the Society, died this morning, after a long and painful illness. Mr. Waterman was an Ensign in the 8th Massachusetts Regiment of the Continental Army, was a brave and intelligent officer, and served until the close of the Revolutionary War. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 337 " The members of the Society are requested to attend the funeral of the deceased from his late residence, No. 199 Cherry Street, on Friday (to-morrow) afternoon, at half-past four o clock, and to wear the usual badge of mourning for a deceased member. By order of " CHARLES GRAHAM, Secretary. Colonel RICHARD VARICK, President." He married Elizabeth Plummer, by whom he had one son, George, who died without issue, and one daughter, Eliza, who became the wife of the Reverend Thomas De Witt and the mother of Mary E. (Mrs. Theodore Cuyler, D.D.), and Maria (Mrs. Morris K. Jesup). He was for many years a promi nent member of the Standing Committee. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. THOMAS DE WITT CUYLER, his eldest grandson, was admitted in 1878. JAMES WATSON Captain Connecticut Continental Line. Under a resolution, passed by the Connecticut branch of the Cincinnati Society on the 7th of July, 1784, admitting officers residing in the State who had served with the Continental troops raised for the defence of any of the United States, he was on that day, with eighteen others, admitted to member ship. By a resolution passed at the meeting held at Hartford, on the 4th of July, 1787, it was voted " That the monies which are remaining in the hands of Captain Watson, in New York, arising from the sales of the interest on our funds, shall be applied towards the debts due, as aforesaid mentioned, so far as they may be necessary." At a meeting of the New York State Society, held at the " Coffee House," on the isth of July, 1786, a letter was read from him, claiming the right to be a member of the Society, which was referred to the Committee on Admissions, who, at the next meeting of the Society, on the iath of August, reported in his favor, and he appears to have been present and subscribed his name to the New York Roll, but without rank. He was elected Vice-President of the New York State Society on the 4th of July, 1793. JAMES TALCOTT WATSON, his son, was admitted, in his succession in 1806. 338 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. SAMUEL BLACHLEY WEBB Colonel $d Connecuticut Regiment. Born at Wethersfield, Conn., in 1753. Died at Claverack, N. Y., on the 3d of December, 1807. He was an original member of the Connecticut Society, but, in 1785, removed to New York and met with the Society there.* His ancestor, Richard Webb, of England, emigrated to America, and became a freeholder of Boston in 1632. Subsequently settled on a grant of land in Connecticut, near Hartford, and from there removed to Stamford, where he died in 1676. His fathei, Joseph Webb, founded the homestead called " Hospitality Hall," at Wethersfield, Conn. Upon the intelligence of the Battle of Lexington reaching him, he volunteered as a private in Captain Chester s Light Infantry Company, and was soon after appointed a Lieutenant, and marched with it to Bunker Hill, where he was wounded in the arm, and where he held the angle in "the stone fence," for which he was thanked in General Orders afterwards. In a letter, dated Camp at Cambridge, July nth, 1775, addressed to the Hon. Silas Deane, he says : " General Putnam is a man highly esteemed by us. He has done me the honor to appoint me his first Aide-dc-Caip, since which I have had the offer of being a Biigade Major from {Adjutant General} Gates. They are both honorable and agreeable posts. I shall for the present however remain with General Putnam. This post will cause me to continue with the best company in camp, by which I hope to improve. Our Commander-in Chief, together with other gentlemen from the southward, are highly esteemed in every class. They will be a means of disciplining the Army, which was much wanted. Your friend, Mr. Mifflin, is a gentleman, my station will call me to be much with him." He was entrusted to conduct the prisoners to Hartford, and when Putnam assumed command at New York, with his headquarters in the old Schuyler house, No. i Broadway, he accompanied him as his Aide, submitting a plan to cut off the furnishing of supplies to the British ships, by a water patrol of whale boats between Amboy and Sandy Hook, and which was approved of by the Committee of Safety. On the 2ist of June, 1776, Washington appointed him, in General Orders, his Aidc-de-Camp, with rank of Major. At the Battle of White Plains he was wounded, and had his horse shot under him while carrying orders. Desiring more active service, he assisted, in 1778, recruiting, and after wards obtained the command of a regiment, the gth, subsequently known as * See ante, page 88. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 33Q the 3d Connecticut, and joined the brigade of Brigadier-General Samuel Holden Parsons,* then stationed on the Hudson. In December, 1779, a detachment from Webb s and Colonel Roger Enos regiments crossed over Long Island Sound, in a sloop and two schooners, to capture the enemy s stores at Setauket and some lumber vessels at Southhold, when unfortunately they met the British frigate " Faulkland " on her way to Newport, R. I. The two schooners ran in on the Connecticut shore with most of the troops, who escaped to New London, and from there they were ordered to Peekskill, where they remained with the army in the Highlands until consolidated with the Connecticut Line, in January, 1781. The sloop, containing ten officers, fifty men and both the Colonels, grounded on " Old Man s Shoal," and was captured, when they were all carried to Newport, where, after a short confinement, Colonel Webb was paroled to Wethersfield and so to Flatbush, until exchanged in January, 1782, when he succeeded Steuben to the command of the Light Infantry. He was engaged in the Battle of Brandywine and wounded at Trenton. After the war he resided in Pearl Street, New York, having married, first, Eliza Bancker, who died without issue, and then Catherine Hogeboom, of Claverack, N. Y., by whom he had four sons and five daughters. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. HENRY LIVINGSTON WEBB,f his eldest son, was admitted in 1851 by the New York Society. He married, in 1816, Mary Ann Edwards, by whom he had nine children, and died at New Orleans on the 5th of December, 1876. CHARLES FREDERICK WEISSENFELS Lieutenant 2d New York Regiment. He entered the service at the commencement of the War for Independence, and appears to have served in the Canada Campaign with his relative, Colonel Frederick (Baron] Von Weissenfels. Under the order of Brigadier -General Wooster, dated April isth, 1776, before Quebec, consolidating those of the four New York Regiments, who had not returned home, into one regiment under Colonel John Nicholson, he was appointed an Ensign of the First Company. * He was drowned in the Ohio River, near Pittsburgh, on the i;th of November, 1789. t Under the resolution of 1857 the following descendants of Colonel Webb were admitted as Life Members : Stephen Hogeboom Webb, Walter Wimple Webb and General James Watson Webb (sons); also, Robert Stewart Webb, Watson Webb, General Alexander Stewart Webb, General George Webb Morell and James Watson Averell ( grandsons;. 34 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. When the 3d New York Regiment was organized, under the Act of Con gress, on the 24th of March, 1776, the field officers, in a report made by them, state : " We shall be happy to have him removed to this regiment. On the 2ist of November, 1776, he was appointed a Second Lieutenant in the 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt s and on the ist of September, 1777, promoted to Lieutenant in the same, until October, 1779, when he was appointed Quartermaster, until mustered out at the end of the war. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. FREDERICK WEISSENFELS Lieutenant-Colonel Commanding $d New York Regiment. Frederick (Baron] Von Weissenfels was born at Ebling, Prussia, in 1728. Died at New Orleans on the i4th of May, 1806. Although trained as a Cadet under Frederick the Great, he entered the British service as a Lieutenant, and came to America in 1756. He was at the taking of Havana, and served under General Abercrombie at the siege of Ticonderoga, in 1758, and on the Plains of Abraham, at Quebec, when General Wolfe fell at the moment of victory. He was, in 1759, a store-keeper at Rye, Westchester County, N. Y., running also a ferry to Oyster Bay, L. I. Drake places him as residing in Dutchess County in 1763. He appears in the "Journal of the Provincial Congress of New York," with Marinus Willett and Gershom Mott, offering their services, in a letter dated June 6th, 1775, as follows : " GENTLEMEN As we have been ever heartily attached to the cause of our Country, so we are now ready to engage in the defence of her rights; and as we understand troops are soon to be raised in this Province, we think it a duty incumbent on us to offer our services." On the 25th of June, 1775, they appointed him a Captain, and he was com missioned on the 28th in the ist New York Continental Infantry Colonel McDougall s serving with it in the Canada Campaign, and for a time as Senior Captain of Colonel Van Schaick s, until appointed at Quebec, on the i5th of April, 1776, the Lieutenant-Colonel Q{ Colonel Nicholson s Regiment. This was a provisional organization formed by General Wooster from the remnant of the four New York regiments. In November, 1776, he was entrusted with .3,000 bounty money for disbursement. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 341 A letter in the " American Archives " states " That Colonel Weissenfels was in 1775, in command at New York, and went to Canada to repel Governor Carleton, who was coming to New York to punish the rebels. He was at Quebec with General Montgomery, and ranked as Brigade Major." In the ensuing campaign, while stationed at Westchester, on the lines, acting as Lieutenant-Colonel of the 3d New York Regiment, as reorganized in March, 1776, under Colonel Rudolph Ritzema who, after frequent absence, during which it was claimed he was in New York, deserted to the enemy he was placed in command of that regiment by General Washington, on the 8th of March, 1776, and led the regiment in the battle at White Plains, and subse quently across the Hudson, through New Jersey and Pennsylvania. On the 2ist of November, 1776, upon the establishment of the New York quotas, he was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt s and went into Winter quarters at New Windsor, taking part the next Summer in the Burgoyne Campaign. On the i3th of January, 1777, he was transferred to the 4th New York Regiment. Colonel Henry B. Livingston having resigned, he was, on the 26th of April, 1779, appointed its Colonel Commandant. When Congress subsequently passed the Act reducing the quotas of New York from five to two regiments, his regiment was consolidated with the 2d New York Colonel Van Cortlandt s and he became deranged, until Governor George Clinton tendered the two additional regiments from the State, which Congress accepted; and Lieutenant-Colonel Weissenfels and Lieutenant-Colonel Marinus Willett were, on the 28th of April, 1781, appointed to their command, and until the termination of the war, with rank dating from September i8th, 1780. Colonel Van Cortlandt, in 1831, wrote as follows : " My old and much esteemed friend, Colonel Frederick Weissenfels, together with myself, entered the Army in the Commencement of the War, and served to the end thereof, and he hopes that the Government still retains some remembrance of the Old Soldier s ardent Services. * * A good Soldier, and faithful in the interest of the United States: He was highly esteemed by General Washington and all his brother Officers, all which, to me, was well known. He retained his rank in the Army as long as he lived, and after the Peace, he was in the Service of trie State of New York on several Commands." General William Colfax, another veteran, writing from Pompton, N. J., on March i5th, 1838, says : " It gives me pleasure, great pleasure, to render my tribute to the Services of my brother officer, who was engaged in the great Struggle for American Liberty and Independence. I well remember Colonel Weissenfels, when Commanding the Life Guard of General Washington, who gave me the hospitalities of his table in that Situation I became acquainted with the Officers of the Army very generally. It was the practice of the General, in Winter Quarters, to give written invitations, to a Certain number of Officers of different grades, to dine with him, until all 342 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. had had their turn. Frequently, very frequently, Colonel Weissenfels dined with the Commander- in-Chief. General Washington esteemed Colonel Weissenfels, a brave, intelligent, efficient Officer, punctual in duty, and always at his post." Although really requiring it, in his old age he could not be induced to claim the pension or half-pay for life awarded by the Act of Congress. The State of New York, however, recognized his services on the 9th of July, 1790, by a grant to him of three thousand acres of land.* In 1777 he married Elizabeth Bogart, Colonel Philip Van Cortlandt acting as groomsman. His only son, Frederick, died at Alexandria, Va., of yellow fever, in 1798. His two daughters, Eliza (Mrs. Rigal) and Harriet (Mrs. John Martin Baker), survived him. JACOB HENRY WENDELL Lieutenant and Adjutant \st New York Regiment. Born on the 2ist of October, 1754. Died on the 23d of March, 1826. He was a descendant of Evert Jansen Wendell, of Albany, N. Y., and son of Harmanus Wendell and Catharine Van Vechten. Appointed, on the 2istof November, 1776, Ensign of Van Ness s Company of the ist New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s. Promoted to be Lieu tenant January, 1779, and Adjutant of the same on the 2gth of September, 1780. He served until honorably discharged with his regiment at the close of the war. In 1785 he married Gertrude, the daughter of Peter Lansing, of Albany, by whom he had one son (Dr. Peter Wendell) and two daughters, who died unmarried. He represented Albany County in the New York State Legisla ture for three sessions 17 9 6- 7- 8 of the House of Assembly. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. HARMAN WENDELL, M.D., his grandson, eldest son of Dr. Peter Wendell, was admitted in 1851. He died on the 22 d of February, 1881, unmarried. > BENJAMIN RUSH WENDELL, the next eldest brother of the last, was admitted in 1881. He died on the 2 4 th of October, 1884, at his residence in Cazenovia, N. Y., having married Margaret Ten Eyck Burr. BURR WENDELL, eldest surviving son of the last, was admitted in 1885. From I794 until his decease the society donated him from the fund about seven hundred dollars. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 343 JOHN HARMANUS WENDELL Captain \ st New York Regiment. Born at Albany, N. Y., in 1744. Died there on the roth of July, 1832. He was the elder brother of Lieutenant Jacob Henry Wendell, and was practicing law when the Revolutionary War commenced. On the 3oth of June, 1775, he was appointed Lieutenant and Quartermaster of the 2d Battalion, under Colonel Myndert Roseboom, and served with it in the Canada Campaign when commanded by Colonel Goose Van Schaick as the 2d New York, and on the ist of March, 1776, appears to have been promoted Captain of the Seventh Company. After the establishment of the New York Quota he was, on the 2TSt of November, 1776, arranged as a Captain of the ist New York Regi ment Colonel Van Schaick s and served as such until he resigned on the 5th of April, 1781. He was in the Battle of Monmouth and in the Northern Army at the sur render of Burgoyne. After the war he was made Brigadier-General of the Militia, under the State organization, and elected from Albany County a member of the State Legislature from 1796 to 1798, and Surrogate of the same in 1812. At his decease the following was issued : " General Order. NEW YORK, July I2th, 1832. " The President, with deep regret, announces to the members of the Society the decease of their respected friend and companion-in-arms, General John H. Wendell. He died at the City of Albany, on Monday last, in the 88th year of his age. "At the commencement of the Revolutionary contest General A endell abandoned the practice of the law, in which he was then engaged, and was appointed a Captain in the rst New York Regiment, commanded by the late O loncl Van Schaick. II j distinguished himself at the celebrated Battle of Monmouth, in the State of New Jersey, and served in the Northern Army, commanded by the late Major-General Gates, until and after the surrender of Burgoyne s army. "After the peace General Wendell accepted a command in the militia, and continued attached to it until he was promoted to the rank of General. " The members of the Society are requested to wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days in memory of their departed friend and brother soldier. By order of " Major- General MORGAN LEWIS, President. "CHARLES GRAHAM, Secretary. He married Cathalina Van Benthuysen, of Albany, by whom he had one son, Harmanus, who died unmarried, and one daughter, Rachel, who married Herman Knickerbacker. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. GRIFFITH PRITCHARD GRIFFITH, his great-grandson, eldest son of John M. Griffith and Catalina Knickerbacker, was admitted, in 1880, in the succession. 344 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. MICHAEL WETZELL Lieutenant New York Artillery. He was, upon the recommendation of Captain Sebastian Bauman, appointed, on the 2Qth of June, 1781, Lieutenant of Fleming s Company, in the 2d Regi ment, Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s and on the i2th of June, 1783, Regimental Quartermaster. Honorably mustered out of the service, with a portion of his regiment, on the ist of January, 1784. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. ANDREW WHITE Lieutenant id New York Regiment. Died in March, 1805. He appears to have been an Associator for liberty, in Ulster County, on the 6th of July, 1775. Appointed, on the 2ist of November, 1776, Ensign of the Fourth Company of the 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt s and subsequently promoted to be Lieutenant. He resigned on the 5th of April, 1780. In a letter from Colonel Gansevoort to Governor George Clinton, dated Camp Orange Town, i6th of August, 1780, he is mentioned as " having resigned from the service." In 1796 he represented Washington County in the New York State Legislature. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. Colonel \st Regiment Light Dragoons. Compiled from Anna M. W. Woodhull s memoir. j Born near New Brunswick, N. J., on the 7th of July, 1750. Died on the roth of February, 1803. He was a descendant of Captain John White, of England, who, in 1587, was sent by Sir Walter Raleigh to Virginia, as the Governor of that colony. He was the only son of Lieutenant-Colonel Anthony White, of New Brunswick, and Eliza beth, the daughter of Lewis Morris, then Governor of New Jersey. His great grandfather, Captain Leonard White, of the Royal Navy, was the eldest son of THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 345 Lieutenant-Colonel Anthony White, who served under William of Orange in the Battle of Boyne, became a member of the King s Council, and Chief Justice of the Bermudas, whose father, Anthony White, was a zealous officer in the civil wars during the reign of Charles I., and who, on his way to Virginia, landing at the Bermudas, became a resident there, and subsequently became connected with its government. His grandfather, Anthony White, came to New York in 1715, where, in the following year, he married Joanna, one of those six cele brated and beautiful daughters of Doctor Samuel Staats and his wife, the East Indian Princess, or " Begum." He received his middle name from his relative and godfather William Walton, of New York. Appointed an Aide-de-Camp on the staff of Washington, with the rank of Major, in October, 1775, and on the following pth of February he was com missioned by Congress Lieutenant-Colonel of the 3d Battalion of New Jersey (first establishment}. On the i3th of February, 1777, he was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the 4th Regiment of Light Dragoons, and accompanied his command, under Wash ington s order, to the Southern Department, where it achieved such a national reputation. On the loth December, 1779, he was appointed Lieutenant- Colonel (Com mandant] of the ist Regiment of Light Dragoons; and on the i6th of the following February was promoted to be its Colonel, and procured on his own personal credit the funds necessary to uniform and equip it. He was ordered to the relief of Major-General Horatio Gates, just before his defeat at Camden, but did not arrive in time for the battle of the i6th of August. Early in 1781, he was ordered back to Virginia, under the Marquis cle La Fayette, and was there engaged in various successful skirmishes with his old antagonist, Colonel Sir Banastre Tarleton. In the movement of Brigadier-General Anthony Wayne at Savannah, on the 2ist of May, 1782, he contributed much to its success by his bold cavalry charge, and after the evacuation of the city by the British, he brought his command up to Charleston, where his generosity was again displayed by becoming security for the required necessaries of life for his officers and men. The proceeds of that year s tobacco crop was pledged to him, but which, proving of no avail, most of his property in the North was subsequently obliged to be sacrificed. He married in 1783 the beautiful and attractive heiress Margaret Ellis, of South Carolina, whose mother was a sister of Elias Vanderhorst, the American Consul at Bristol, England, in 1780, and who was a descendant of (Baron} Vanderhorst, of Holland. Mrs. Martha J. Lamb, in her "History of the City of New York," 1881, gives an account of the grand procession three days before the adoption of the 346 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Federal Constitution by New York, July 23d, 1788 (the State Convention did not adopt it until July 26th): " Mounted on a fine gray horse, elegantly caparisoned, and led by two colored men in white Oriental dresses and turbans, Anthony Walton White bore the Arms of the United States in sculpture, preceding the Society of the Cincinnati/ in full military uniform." After the establishment of peace, he returned with his family from the South to New York, and in 1793 removed to New Brunswick, N. J., his native town, where he lived until the close of his life. In 1794, at the request of Washington, he took the command of the Cavalry, under General Lee, against the insurgents in the West, and, upon the return of the expedition, took charge of the prisoners on their march to Philadelphia. In vain he petitioned Congress to be reimbursed for the moneys paid by him in the settlements of the accounts in the South incurred for the cause. KOSCIUSZKO made Colonel White s house, " Sans Souci" his home for one Winter during a severe sickness, where he received the kind attentions of Mrs. White and her daughter, which afterward he so gratefully acknowledged in his letters to them.* When, in 1797, revisiting America, he and Colonel White exchanged their gold eagles of the Order of the Cincinnati. Colonel White s monument in the burying-ground of Christ s Church, New Brunswick, N. J., bears the following inscription: " J1 rig. -Gen. ANTHONY WALTON WHITE, Who departed this life on the roth of February, 1803, In the 53d year of his age, Rests beneath this monumental stone. He was an affectionate husband, a tender parent, a sincere and generous friend, a zealous and inflexible patriot, and a faithful, active and gallant officer in the Army of the United States during the Revolutionary War." In the provisional Army of the United States in 1798, he was appointed a -Brigadier- General, and subsequently elected Adjutant-General of the State of New Jersey. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. > ANTHONY WALTON WHITE EVANS, his eldest grandson, was admitted in 1842, and died in New York City on the 28th of November, 1886, the Society attending his funeral at Woodlawn Cemetery. For many years he had been an active member of the Standing Committee. * It was then he made the sketch of himself reclining on a sofa; the badge of the Cincinnati was added by Mrs. Evans in 1883. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 347 MARINUS WILLETT Lieiiitnant Colonel (Commandant} ^th New York Regiment. Compiled from his son William M. Willett s " Narrative." Born on the 3ist of July, 1740, at Jamacia, L. I. Died on the 22d of August, 1830.* He was the youngest so n of Edward Willett, a respectable Quaker, residing on a farm near Jamaica until he moved to the country seat on the East River, called Cedar Grove, now in New York City, and known, until quite lately, as Colonel Willett s place, and where his grandfather, Samuel Willett, foimerly the Sheriff of Queens County, died, at ninety-three years of age. Elbert Willett, who died a few years since, at ninety years of age, at his residence in Albany, was his only surviving brother. While George II. was reigning over the Colonies, the contemplated invasion of Canada inspirited young Willett to join it, and in 1758 he obtained a com mission as Second Lieutenant in the Long Island Company of Colonel Oliver DeLancey s Regiment, in General James Abercrombie s Expedition to Ticon- deroga and Crown Point. After the repulse and death of the first Lord Howe, a detachment of three thousand men, including Lieutenant Willett, was sent under Colonel John Bradstreet to Oswego, and across Lake Ontario to Canada, against Fort Frontenac (now Kingston). The troops, after experiencing many obstacles and much suffering, both by land and sea, destroyed the fort on the 27th of August, and returned with the spoils to the Oneida carrying place (Fort Stanwix), with only one-half the command left and fit for duty. The many exposures he experienced in this expedition brought on a fever, which compelled him to return home and relinquish military life for awhile. The experience he had gained of warfare in a rough country proved subse quently of much value to him. When the British in New York City, about embarking for Boston, under took to carry off several cases of arms, a small party, with Lieutenant Willett at their head, arrested one of the wagons at the lead of the train containing them. Notwithstanding he was expostulated with, not only by the Mayor, David Mathews, but by several others, and even Gouverneur Morris, he pre vented their taking them away by his determination and nerve, and shortly afterward they came in play to equip the ist New York Continental Regiment for service at home. It is also related of him, that, with the assistance of a few others, he took down the King s Arms f from the old New York City Hall, then in Broad Street. * See ante, page 109. t See ante, page 277. 548 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. The Revolutionary War now having broken out, he offered his services against the Crown, and on the 28th of June, 1775, was appointed a Captain in Colonel McDougalFs ist New York Regiment, Continental Infantry, and pro ceeded with it to join General Richard Montgomery in the Expedition to Canada. After the capture of Ticonderoga, in May, by Colonel Ethan Allen, his regi ment was stationed there until it moved on to St. Johns, where, after escorting the prisoners taken at Chambli to Ticonderoga, it remained until the expiration of its enlistment, in January, 1776. Upon the Continental Establishment of the New York Quota he was, on the 2ist of November, 1776, appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the 3d New York Regiment Colonel Peter Gansevoort s and stationed at Fort Constitution, until the iSth of May, 1777, when it marched up the Mohawk to the Oneida carrying place (Fort Stanwix), where he had already been stationed under Gen eral John Stanwix during the French War, arriving there on the 2Qth inst. The fort having now gone to ruin, they rebuilt it, and named it after General Schuyler. A large supply of ammunition, supplies and an additional force of two hundred troops, arriving on the 2d of August, had scarcely come into it, when Sir John Johnson and Colonel Barry St. Leger, with the British troops and savages, arrived. The garrison, consisting of about seven hundred and fifty men, prepared themselves to maintain the post, so important to the safety of Albany and the Northern Army, under General Schuyler, then disputing the advance of the British invasion from Canada, under General John Burgoyne. On the 4th of August, St. Leger opened fire en the fort, which continued for two days, when two messengers came in with the intelligence that Genera! Herkimer was hurrying up with the Tryon County Militia to raise the siege. St. Leger going to intercept them, Lieutenant-Colonel Willett, with two hundred and fifty men, was sent out by Colonel Gansevoort to reconnoitre. He sallied forth, spoiled the enemy s camp, and brought back into the fort five British flags and most of their stores, camp equipage and baggage, without the loss of a man. In commemoration of which the following was adopted in Congress, on the 4th of October, 1777 : > " A eso/7 ed, That Congress have a just sense of the distinguished merit of Lieutenant- Colonel Willett for a repeated instance of his bravery and conduct in his late successful sally on the enemy investing Fort Schuyler; and that the Commissary-General of Military Stores be directed to procure an elegant sword, and present the same to Lieutenant-Colonel Willett in the name of these United States. By order of Congress. "JOHN HANCOCK, President: General Herkimer s army, too rash in their desire to relieve Colonel Ganse voort, were attacked in ambush by Sir John Johnson and his savages, while THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 349 crossing a low, swampy piece of ground covered with trees and underbrush. Here the fenrful battle- of Oriskany was fought and lost, and the brave Gen eral Herkim^r laid down for his country his life. The siege of the fort was now resumed, and St. Leger demanded, in vain, its surrender. Colonel Ganse- voort now desiring to get word to General Schuyler to send up some assistance, Lieutenant-Colonel Willett and Lieutenant Stockwell courageously volunteered to pass through the enemy s line. They crossed the Mohawk River on the night of the loth of August, with only a few crackers and a canteen of rum in their pocket, and after escaping the vigilant eye of the red man, arrived at daybreak, on their second day out, at the German Flats, where they were informed that Arnold s Brigade were hurrying up to Colonel Gansevoort s relief. The savages under Sir John Johnson learning this from Hans Yost Schuyler the spy forsook St. Leger, who, unable to make Colonel Ganse- voort surrender, abandoned the siege, and the whole posse of his elegant troops and savages fled back to Canada. Colonel Gansevoort going to Albany, Lieutenant-Colonel Willett was now left in command of the fort until the following September, when he went to visit his family, who were at Fish Kill, and afterward General Washington at White Marsh, here he remained until January, 1778, when he returned to his command. In the following June, he was sent with dispatches to the Commander in- Chief at Philadelphia. The British having just evacuated that city, he joined General John Morin Scott s Staff as an Aide, and went in pursuit of them, participating in the battle of Monmouth on the 28th. He there on the battle field overheard General Charles Lee say, while ordering the retrograde move ment, " the enemy have too much Cavalry for us" After the battle he marched with the troops to New Brunswick and so to King s ferry, crossing the Hudson to Peekskill, where he remained, until he accompanied General John Sullivan on his Western expedition against the tories and Indians, taking part in the bloody engagement of Chemung on the 2pth of August, 1779. In the follow ing Winter, while the army lay in huts at Valley Forge, he was ordered with five hundred men and one field piece, to cross over to Staten Island and seize the stores the British had there under the charge of Colonel Van Bushkirk. This he accomplished, returning with seventeen loads of spoils. Washington wrote to him from Headquarters, dated the 24th of October, 1780, as follows : " SIR : Congress have it in contemplation to reduce the number of regiments; but the mode or terms on which the deranged officers are to go out are not yet fixed. It will give me great pleasure to see an officer of your merit retained in service ; but your determination to submit cheerfully to any regulations which may be deemed necessary for the public good, is very laudable and the surest mark of a disinterested, worthy citizen. I have not heard anything of the formation of a Legion. Colonel Ilazen s Regiment is the only one of the independent Corps of Infantry which Congress propose keeping up." 350 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Governor George Clinton, after the reduction of the New York Quota to two regiments, offered two additional regiments of levies to the Government to protect the northwestern frontiers of the State of New York, which Congress accepted. One of them was placed, on the 28th of April, 1781, under the com mand of Lieutenant-Colonel Marinus Willett (Commandant), and called the 5th New York Regiment. Relieving Colonel Philip Van Cortlandt, in July of that year, he made his headquarters at Fort Rensselaer, defeating Joseph Brant * and the Tories in the engagements of Corey s Town and Johnstown, and at Canada Creek, where that scourge of the frontier, Colonel Walter Butler, fell with a bulletin his brain. For these services, Albany, on the i9th of July, 1781, extended to him the " Freedom of the City." Retiring from the army after the peace, he was elected, in 1784, Sheriff of the City and County of New York, which office he held for four years. At the request of Washington he undertook that perilous jor.rney to adjust the existing difficulties with the Creek Indians, about the tract of land on the Oconee, which the State of Georgia claimed. With a servant and two horses he embarked in a sloop from New York, on the i5th of March, 1790, for Charleston, S. C., where he arrived after a rough voyage of fourteen days. From there he traveled on horseback, with his servant and baggage in a sulky, and after many adventures through the wilds of Georgia and upper Florida, arrived at " Hickory Ground," the residence of their principal Chief, Colonel M Gillivray, on the 4th of May. Remaining there and partaking of their "Mack drink," after delivering his big talk at their Council, from the Great Father, General George Washington, he on the ist of June set out for home, accompanied by Colonel M Gillivray, his nephew, two servants and eight " braves" ; on the 2ist of July, arriving at the " Coffee House " in New York City, they were received by the Tammany Society, in full regalia, and escorted to see General Washington, then President of the United States. After visiting Governor Clinton, they repaired to the " City Tavern," where an elegant entertainment awaited them. Colonel Willett declined a position with rank of Brigadier-General, proffered him by the Secretary of War in 1792, to fight against the Indians in the Northwest. In 1807 he was elected the Mayor of New York City. The Society at his decease issued the following : " General Order. " NEW YORK, August 23, 1830. " The President, with deep and sincere regret, announces to the members of the Society the death of their venerable and esteemed friend and brother, Colonel Marinus Willett, who departed this life last evening. Colonel Willett commenced his military career in the Colonial service of * This Mohawk chief s name was Thayandanega. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 351 the British Government, in the reign of George the 2d, was actively engaged ia the northern and western frontiers of this State in the French \\.ir (of 1756), and was present at the battle of Lake George, where the first Lord Howe was killed. Upon the breaking out of the War of the Revo lution, 6 <?/<;^/Willlet joined the standard and entered the service of his country, in which it was his good fortune to be highly distinguished and useful. He was a volunteer at the battle of Mon- mouth. on the 2Sth June, 1778, when the British forces under General^ Henry Clinton were defeated; he was eminently distinguished in the siege of Fort Stanwix, and also at the battle of Johnstown (Montgomery County), on the 25th of October, 1781, in both of which he commanded. " Colonel Willed continued in the Revolutionary Army until the close of the War of Indepen dence, commanding at that time the 5th Regiment ; he was remarkable for personal bravery, military enterprize, and energy of character. " In private life Colonel Willelt was one of the most amiable of men, and after the war held several civil offices, the last of which was the Mayoralty of the City. " The members of the Society are directed to wear the usual badge of mourning in honor of Colonel Willett for thirty days. They are also respectfully invited to attend the funeral of their deceased companion to morrow (Tuesday) afternoon, at half-past four o clock, from his late residence, No. 58 Broome Street, between Cannon and Lewis Streets. By order of " CHARLES GRAHAM, Colonel RICHARD VARICK, " Secretary. President. " By his first wife he had but one child, Marinus, who became a surgeon in the United States service, but died unmarried. His second wife was Mary Pease ; by her he had no issue. After her decease he married Margaretta Bancker, by whom he had four sons and one daughter, Margaretta (Mrs. James H. Ray). His name appears in the Half-pay Roll. Colonel Willett was buried in Trinity Church-yard, New York City, with military honors, and ninety guns in commemoration of the years of his life were fired on the Battery; Colonels Robert Troup, Nicholas Fish, John Trum- bull, Aaron Ogden, Major James Fairlie, Jacob Morton, John Pintard and Mr. Dominick, acting as the pall-bearers. MARINUS WILLETT, M.D., his eldest son, was admitted in 1831. He married Caroline Bronson, and died on the zyth of June, 1840, leaving two sons and two daughters. MARINUS WILLETT ( Rn <ere/n/), eldest son of the last, was admitted in 1842, served as Secretary of this Society for several years, and in 1880 was elected its Chaplain. He married Elizabeth A. C ittendon, of New York, resided at Byrum Point, Conn., and died at Saratoga Springs on the 23d of February, 1881, leaving two sons and one daughter. ROBERT WILSON Ensign isf New York Regiment. Born in New York State. Died in 1811. He was early trained to a border life, with his relation, Captain James Gregg, whose name is familiar in the regions of the Mohawk Valley. After 352 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. the New York Regiments were organized for the war, under the Act of Con gress, on the 24th of March, 1776, he enlisted in Gregg s Company, of the 3d New York, on the 2gth of January, 1777, as a fifer, and on the 26th of November, 1780, he was elected its Sergeant. Appointed Ensign of the Fourth Company of the ist New York Regiment Colonel Van Schaick s on the 2pth of June, 1781. On the i Qth of October following, he was selected at the surrender of Lord Cornwallis, at Yorktown, to receive the British colors, as the following record shows : "The delivery of the colors of the several Regiments, twenty-eight in number, was next performed. For this purpose twenty-eight British Captains, each bearing a flag in a case, were drawn up in line. Opposite to them, at a distance of six paces, twenty eight American Sergeants were placed in line to receive the colors. Ensign Wilson, of Clinton s Brigade, the youngest commissioned officer in the Army being only eighteen years of age was appointed by Colonel Hamilton, the officer of the day, to conduct this interesting ceremony. When Wilson gave the order for the British Captains to advance two paces, to deliver up their colors, and the American Sergeants to advance two paces, to receive them, the former hesitated, and gave as a reason that they were unwilling to surrender their flags to non-commissioned officers. Colonel Hamilton, who was at a distance, observed this hesitation, and rode up to inquire the cause. On being informed, he willingly spared the feelings of the British Captains, and ordered Ensign Wilson to receive them himself, and hand them to the American Sergeants." After having been mustered out of the service, he settled in the central part of the State of New York, then a wilderness, and subsequently became the Postmaster of the Town of Manlius, Onondaga County, N. Y. He married Amelia Dunham, by whom he had two sons, George Stuart and James Gregg, and two daughters, Jane, who died unmarried, and Ann (Mrs. Caleb McKeelJ. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. ROBERT PRESTON WILSON, his grandson, of Buffalo, N. Y., was admitted in 1876. JACOB WRIGHT Captain zd New York Regiment. j He was a resident of Jamaica, L. I., chosen First Lieutenant of the Company of Minute Men raised in 1775, in Queens County, for the defence of the liberties of the American Colonies, and, soon afterwards, he is found serving as a Captain in Colonel Lasher s Regiment. Colonel James Livingston, having returned from the Canada Campaign, wrote to John Jay, Chairman of the Committee, on the 24th of August, 1776 recommending him, and "as prepared to raise a Company." THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 353 On the ist of July, 1776, General John Morin Scott endorsed him, "as an excellent officer for a Captain in the new arrangement " as follows : " Captain Wright, late of Lasher s Regiment, in my Brigade, has distinguished himself, as much by his cool, intrepid spirit, as by his zealous attachment to the American cause, and his modest, discreet and prudent behavior. I strongly recommend him as a man who will do honor to his Country." Appointed, upon the Continental Establishment of the Quotas, for the service, on the 2ist of November, 1776, Captain of the 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt s in which he continued until honorably mustered out in 1782. During his life he served as a member of the Standing Committee, and his widow, Margaret, for many years after his decease, received aid from the fund. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. EPHRAIM WOODRUFF Lieutenant zd New York Regiment. Died on the pth of July, 1820. He entered the service as a Sergeant in Walker s Company, of the 4th New York Regiment Colonel H. B. Livingston s on the ist of January, 1777. Appointed an Ensign in the same on the gth of November, 1777, and promoted, after the consolidation of the New York Regiments, to Litutenant in the 2d New York Regiment Colonel Van Cortlandt s on the ist of November, 1781, and served as such until honorably mustered out of the service with his regiment. After the war he appears to have been a resident of Sussex County, New Jersey. His name appears on the Half-Pay Roll. PETER WOODWARD Lieutenant New York Artillery. He was an original member of the Connecticut Society, and having, at the Anniversary Meeting of the New York State Society, held on the 5th of July, 1802, produced satisfactory evidence of his membership, was accordingly admitted. Appointed on the ist of February, 1777, a Second^ Lieutenant of the 2d Regi ment, Continental Corps of Artillery Colonel Lamb s and assigned to Ger- 354 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. shorn Mott s Company. Promoted to be First Lieutenant of the same, on the 23d of March, 1781, and on the 29th of June following, he was assigned to Thomas Machin s Company. Honorably discharged the service with a portion of his regiment on the 3d of November, 17^3. The archives of the Connecticut State Society, deposited in the Historical Society at Hartford, record him as a resident of New Haven. His name appears on the Half- Pay Roll. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 355 DESCENDANTS OF ORIGINAL MEMBERS OF THE CINCINNATI SOCIETY IN FRANCE AND THE OTHER STATES, WHO HAVE BEEN ADMITTED BY THE NEW YORK STATE SOCIETY. JOHN CROPPER, great-grandson of Lieutenant-Colonel John Cropper, late President of the Virginia Society, was admitted by the New York State Society in 1874. JEAN BAPTISTE AUGUSTS D AURIER, the eldest son of (Baron) d Aurier, was elected by the New York State Society in 1836 a member; he failed to qualify by signing the Institution. His father was in 1825 admitted as an honorary member, at the request of La Fayette, he having accompanied the Allied Forces to America, and served under Rochambeau at the surrender of Lord Cornwallis. ELIAS BOUDTNOT DAYTON was transferred to the New York Society in 1827, having been admitted in 1808, in the succession of his father, Briga dier-General Elias Dayton, by the New Jersey Society. He died in 1846. (Succession in the New Jersey Society.} FRANCIS AMEDE DE PAU was elected a member of the New York State Society on the 4th of July, 1849, claiming to be the eldest maternal grandson of Count Francis Joseph Paul de Grasse, the Admiral of the Allied French Fleet. He died, without issue, on the 3d July, 1854, never having perfected his membership by signing the Roll of the Institution. EARL DOUGLAS was admitted by the New York Staie Society in 1856, in right of his father, Captain Richard Douglas, an original member of the Connecticut Society. He died in 1861. ALFRED DOUGLAS, JR., his eldest son, succeeded him in 1860, and died in 1877. PEDRO CLAUDIO DU QUESNE made an application in 1850 to the New York State Society to be admitted in right of his father, the Marquis Du Quesne, who, he claimed, was one of the Captains in the Allied French 356 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Fleet. It was considered and favorably entertained, but he neglected to avail himself of the honor or comply with the terms before his decease at Havana, Cuba, on the 4th of July, 1880. DANIEL MACKAY FRYE was admitted by the New York State Society in 1836, in right of his father, Ensign Frederick Frye, an original member of the Massachusetts Society. He died on the 8th of February, 1859. FREDERICK FRYE, his eldest son, succeeded him on the 4th of July, 1859. and died on the 22d of June, 1881, at New Orleans, without issue. THEODORE GENTIL was admitted by the New York State Society in 1854, claiming to be the eldest male descendant of his maternal grandfather, Major Stephen Rochefontaine, who signed the parchment Roll of the Institu tion with Major-General Duportail s Engineer Corps at West Point, and which is now in the possession of the General Society. He died in Paris on the 3d of April, 1880, without issue. WILLIAM JONES HOPPIN was admitted by the New York State Society in 1875, in right of his maternal grandfather, Captain William Jones, an original member of the Rhode Island State Society. He served for several years as a diplomatic representative of the United States, acting as Secretary of Legation at the Court of St. James, London, England. FREDERICK JABEZ HUNTINGTON was admitted to the New York State Society in 1880, in right of his great-grandfather, Brigadier- General Jedediah Huntington, an original member and first President of the Connecticut Society. CHARLES LAWTON,* the eldest son of Doctor William Lawton who was stationed at West Point in 1790 was admitted by the New York State Society in 1816. His application having been referred to a Committee, who reported favorably upon his claim without having, as was required under the By-laws of the Society, procured a proper certificate from the Secretary of the Massachusetts Society, stating that he was entitled to membership. The Society appears to have admitted him upon the supposition that he was the son of William Laughton, the Surgeon s Mate, of Colonel Vosels ist Massachusetts Regiment, an original Member of the Massachusetts State Society. * The Lawton family of New Rochelle, it is claimed, changed their name originally from Davenport. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 357 In 1878, the New York State Society refused to entertain the application for admission of his eldest son, Alfred Lawton, as the rightful representative of Surgeon s Mate William Laughton, of the Massachusetts Society, their names not being identical. EDWARD PREBLE MARCELLIN, M.D., was admitted by the New York State Society in 1827, in right of his father, Lieutenant Claude Antoine Villet de Marcellin, an original member of the Pennsylvania Society. Doctor Marcellin acted as the Secretary of the New York Society for several years, and died at Spottiswood, N. J., on the 25th of October, 1862, the Society attending his funeral at Trinity Church, New York. HARRY MANIGAULT MORRIS, the eldest surviving son of Lewis Morris, Jr., was admitted by the New York State Society in 1875, in right of his grand-father, Lieutenant-Colonel Lewis Morris,* of the South Carolina Society. DAVID WASHINGTON CINCINNATUS OLYPHANT was admitted by the New York State Society in 1811, in right of his father, David Olyphant, Director of the Military Hospitals of the South, and an original member of the South Carolina Society. DAVID OLYPHANT, his eldest son, was elected to the succession in 1856, but he did not sign the Roll until 1865. He died in June, 1887. SAMUEL HOLDEN PARSONS was admitted by the New York State Society in 1858, in right of his father, Brigadier-General Samuel Holden Parsons, late President of the Connecticut Society. NATHAN PAYSON RICE, M D., an hereditary member of the Massa chusetts Society, was admitted by the New York State Society on the 4th of July, 1860, upon producing a certificate from the Secretary of that Society, stating that he was a member of it, representing in succession his grandfather, Major Nathan Rice, an original member, and evidence that he was now a resident of this State. HENRY FLOYD TALLMADGE was admitted by the New York State Society in 1850, in right of his father, Major Benjamin Tallmadge, an original member of the Connecticut Society. BENJAMIN H. TALLMADGE, his son, succeeded him in 1858, and died in 1863. * The eldest son of the Signer. 358 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. WILLIAM B. THOMAS was admitted by the New York State Society in 1825, in right of his father, Doctor John Thomas, who, he claimed, was an original member of the Massachusetts Society, but whose name does not appear upon the original Roll of that State. HENRY LIVINGSTON THOMAS, his son, was admitted in the succession in 1885, at the request of Mr. Fish, without the terms required by section 5 of By-Law IX. JOHN TORREY, M.D., made application to be admitted and associated with the New York State Society since the year 1823, but does not appear to have subscribed his name to its Roll until 1854. He claimed the right of admission through his uncle, Joseph Torrey, Lieutenant-Colonel (by brevet) of Hazen s Regiment, and who signed the parchment Roll of the Institution with that regiment, and which is now in the possession of the General Society. He acted as the Treasurer of the New York Society until his decease on the icth of March, 1873. HERBERT GRAY TORREY, his eldest son, succeeded him in 1873. HENRY WARD was admitted by the New York State Society in 1833, in right of his father, Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Ward, an original member of the Rhode Island Society. He died in 1842. HENRY HALL WARD, his eldest son, succeeded him in 1842, and served as the Treasurer of this Society from 1855 until his decease, which occurred at Saratoga Springs on the 27th of August, 1872. He died unmarried. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 359 DESCENDANTS OF OFFICERS OF THE REVOLUTIONARY ARMY, ADMITTED FOR LIFE BY THE NEW YORK STATE SOCIETY UNDER THE RESOLUTION OK THE 4 r rn OF JULY, 1857.* JAMES WATSON AVERELL, grandson of Colonel Samuel B. Webb, an original member of the Connecticut Society, was admited in 1857. Died in 1876. ALFRED DOUGLAS, son of Captain Richard Douglas, an original mem ber of the Connecticut Society, was admitted in 1860. Died in 1869. SAMUEL C. ELLIS, M.D., grandson of Captain William Willcocks an Aide-de Camp on the Staff of Lord Stirling but not a member of the Society of the Cincinnnati, was admitted in 1859. Died in 1874. PETER GANSEVOORT, youngest son of Colonel Peter Gansevoort, an original member of the New York Society, was admitted in 1858. Died in 1874. WILLIAM OGDEN GILES, grandson of Lieutenant-Colonel Aquila Giles, an original member of the New York Society, was admitted in 1860. WILLIAM IRVING GRAHAM, great-nephew of Captain Charles Graham, an original member of the New York Society, was admitted in 1860, and served for several years as Secretary. Died in 1871. JOHN FRANKLIN GRAY, M.D., great-nephew of Captain Silas Gray, an original member of the New York Society, was admitted in 1860, and served for many years as the New York State Society s Physician. Died in 1882. ALEXANDER HAMILTON, JR., grandson of General Alexander Ham ilton, an original member of the New York Society, was admitted in 1860. Upon the decease of his father in 1876, he became the eldest in the succession. * See ante, page 123. 360 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. WILLIAM PRAY LEE, grandson of Captain John Pray, an original member of the Massachusetts Society, was admitted in 1860. Died in 1872. STUYVESANT LE ROY, grandson of Major Nicholas Fish, an original member of the New York Society, was admitted in 1860. GEORGE WEBB MORELL (Major-General], grandson of Colonel Samuel B. Webb, an original member of the Connecticut Society, was admitted in 1858. Died in 1883. JOHN NEILSON, grandson of Major Nicholas Fish, an original member of the New York Society, was admitted in 1860. CHARLES HENRY WARD, grandson of Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Ward, an original member of the Rhode Island Society, was admitted in 1860. WILLIAM GREENE WARD (Brigadier-General, N. G , S. N. Y.), grand son of Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Ward, an original member of the Rhode Island Society, was admitted in 1860. ALEXANDER STEWART WEBB (late Brevet Major- General, U. S. A.), grandson of Colonel Samuel B. Webb, an original member of the Connecticut Society, was admitted in 1860. JAMES WATSON WEBB (Hon.), youngest son of Colonel Samuel B. Webb, an original member of the Connecticut Society, was admitted in 1858. Died in 1884. ROBERT STEWART WEBB, grandson of Colonel Samuel B. Webb, an original member of the Connecticut Society, was admitted in 1860. STEPHEN HOGEBOOM WEBB, second son of Colonel Samuel B. Webb, an original member of the Connecticut Society, was admitted in 1860. Died in 1873. * WALTER WIMPLE WEBB, third son of Colonel Samuel B. Webb, an original member of the Connecticut Society, was admitted in 1858. Died in 1876. WATSON WEBB, grandson of Colonel Samuel B. Webb, an original mem ber of the Connecticut Society, was admitted in 1860. Died in 1876. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 3 6l OFFICERS NEW YORK STATE SOCIETY CINCINNATI. ELECTED JULY 5x11, 1886. President^ . Vice-President^ Secretary, Treasurer, . . . Assistant Treasurer, Chaplain, Hon. HAMILTON FISH. ALEXANDER HAMILTON. . . JOHN SCHUYLER. ALEXANDER JAMES CLINTON. EDWARD WILLIAM TAPP. Rev. MANCIUS HOLMES HUTTON. Standing Committee. Hon. JOHN COCHRANE, MATTHEW CLARKSON, THOMAS WITTER CHRYSTIE, WILLIAM HENRY CROSBY, ANTHONY WALTON WHITE EVANS, RICHARD VARICK DE WITT, CHARLES SCOTT MCKNIGHT, JOHN RHINELANDER STEVENS. Delegates to the General Society. Hon. HAMILTON FISH, JOHN SCHUYLER, Hon. JOHN COCHRANE, ALEXANDER HAMILTON, ALEXANDER JAMES CLINTON. Alternates. THOMAS WITTER CHRYSTIE, WILLIAM HENRY CROSBY. 362 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. LIST OF MEMBERS NEW YORK STATE SOCIETY, JULY, 1886. Eldest Male Descendants of Original Members of the New York State Society. ADMITTED. RESIDENCE. 1834 HAMILTON FISH (President and President-General}, 251 East.iyth Street. 1842 ANTHONY WALTON WHITE EVANS, . . . New Rochelle, N. Y. 1849 JOHN VAN VORST, ... ... Jersey City, N. J. 1853 CHARLES SCOTT MCKNIGHT, .... Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 1856 CHARLES GRAHAM, . . . . . . Hoboken, N. J. 1858 JOHN COCHRANE (Late Brigadier General U. S. Vols.], 7 East 626 Street. 1858 EDWARD WILLIAM TAPP (Assistant Treasurer], . . Brooklyn, N. Y. 1860 GEORGE STEWART BELKNAP, Grove Qity, Minn. 1865 JOHN SCHUYLER (Secretary and Treasurer-General], 63 William Street. 1865 WILLIAM HKNRY CROSBY 1867 THOMAS WITTER CHRYSTIE, . . . . 1868 RICHARD VARICK DE WITT, 1868 CARROLL LIVINGSTON, .... 1872 JOHN BARNES VARICK, .... 1874 JOHN RHINKLANDER STEVENS, 1875 ALEXANDER HAMMOND, .... 1875 DIXON GEDNF.Y HUGHES, .... 1876 WILLIAM WALLACE TAULMAN, 1876 ALEXANDER HAMILTON (Vice- President), . 1876 ROBERT PRESTON WILSON, . . . 1877 WILLIAM LINN KEESE, 1878 ALEXANDER JAMES CLINTON (Treasurer), 1878 THOMAS DE WITT CUYLER, 1878 JAMES JARED LOGAN, . 1879 MATTHEW CLARKSON, .... 1879 JOHN TYLER COOPER, . 1879 HOWARD TILLOTSON, lX 79 JOHN BEEKMAN WESTBROOK, 1880 JAMES VAN DYK, . . . . 1880 GRIFFITH PRITCHARD GRIFFITH, . 1881 MANCIUS HOLMES HUTTON, D.D. (Chaplain], 1881 WILLIAM RICHMOND TALBOT, 1882 JOHN VARICK DODGE (Rev.), 1882 HENRY BROCKHOLST LEDYARD, 1884 HENRY KIERSTED BICKER, Elizabeth, N. J. Newburgh, N. Y. . Albany, N. Y. New York City. Manchester, N. H. 20 West 39th Street. Islip, N. Y . Jersey City, N. J. . Nyack, N. Y. Irvington, N. Y, . Buffalo, N. Y. Flatbush, N. Y. . 71 Wall Street. Philadelphia, Pa. Newburgh, N. Y. 15 West 45th Street. Atlanta, Ga. . Rhinebeck, N. Y. ^ Peekskill, N. Y. . Lead City, Dakota. Cincinnati, Ohio. New Brunswick, N. J. Providence, R. I. Evansville, Ind. Detroit, Mich. Montclair, N. J. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 3 6 3 1885 JAMES STEVENSON VAN CORTLANDT, 1885 BURR WENDELL, . . . 1885 PAUL ERNEST TIEMANN, M.D., . 1885 DE GRASSK BOSTWICK FOWLER, 1886 ROBERT BURNET, . 1886 GEORGE BEZALEEL HOWE, 1886 WILLIAM SWETLAND KETCH UM, 1886 GEORGE HUNT PEXDLETON, Van Cortlandt Manor. Cazenovia, N. Y. St. Luke s Hospital. Baltimore, Md. West Coldenham, N. Y. 208 West 1 23d Street. Pittsburgh, N. Y. United States Minister to Germany. Eldest Male Descendants of Original tJieir respecti 1852 JOHN KEARNEY RODGERS, . 1857 WICKHAM HOFFMAN, 1860 JOHN WHEELWRIGHT GREATOX, . 1860 NATHAN PAYSON RICE, M.D , 1865 DAVID OLYPHANT, ; . 1873 HERBERT GRAY TORREY, 1874 JOHN CROPPER, . . . . 1875 WILLIAM JONES HOPPIN, . 1875 HARRY MANIGAULT MORRIS, 1880 FREDERICK JABEZ HUXTINGTON, 1884 ROBERT PERCY ALDEN, 1885 HENRY LIVINGSTON THOMAS, Members of the State Societies opposite re Names. Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Massach u setts. South Carolina, Virginia, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Connecticut, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Ontonagon, Mich. 60 Wall Street. Brooklyn, N. Y. 59 Liberty Street. 28W. 1 7th Street. Brooklyn, N. Y. 3 East 38th Street. 61 Pine Street. 49 W. 38th Street. Norwich, Conn. Cornwall, Penn. Washington, D. C. Life Members Admitted under the Rule of 1857. 1860 ALEXANDER STEWART WEBB (Major General], . 15 Lexington Avenue. 1860 ROBERT STEWART WEBB, .... 1860 CHARLES HENRY WARD, . . . . 1860 WILLIAM GREENE WARD (Brigadier-General], 1860 JOHN NEILSON, ...... 1860 STUYVESANT LE ROY, : 1860 WILLIAM OGDEN GILES, 43 Lafayette Place. 165 Broadway. Staten Island, N. Y. New Brunswick, N. J. Newport, R. I. Kingsbridge, N. Y. City. Honorary Member. 1879 WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN (General U. S. A.], New York City. 364 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. INSTITUTION SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. Now in the possession of the General Society and written on parchment: * An asterisk denotes having signed twice. Go. Washington. William Heath, Major-General. Benjamin Lincoln, Robert Howe, Nathanael Greene, " Alexan r Me Doug-all, " Steuben, Henry Knox, " *Duportail, Mordecai Gist, Brigadier-General. Armancl, Marquis de la Rouerie, Brigadier-General. John Paterson, Brigadier -General. Edward Hand, " and Adjutant. John Greaton, " Rufus Putnam, Elias Dayton, Jedediah Huntington, " Timothy Pickering, Colonel and Quartermaster-General. Heman Swift, Colonel 2d Connecticut Regiment. Philip Van Cortlandt, Colonel zJ New York Regiment. Henry Jackson, Colonel \th Massachusetts Regiment. Samuel Shaw, Captain Massachusetts Artillery. William Hull, Lieutenant-Colonel 6th Massachusetts Regiment. Joseph Pettengill, Major \st Massachusetts Regiment. Samuel Whitwell, Surgeon yl Massachusetts Regiment. Moses Knap, Major $th " " John Whiting, Lieutenant id " " Cornelius Van Dyck, Lieutenant-Colonel. *Gouvion. Colonel of the Corps of Engineers. Ebenezer Huntington, Lieutenant-Colonel \st Connecticut Regiment. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 365 Samuel B. Webb, Colonel $d Connecticut Regiment. Peter Woodward, Lieutenant New York Artillery. Lewis Nicola, Colonel (invalid). John Brooks, Lieutenant-Colonel (commanding] "jt/t Massachusetts Regiment. Hugh Maxwell, Lieutenant-Colonel &th Massachusetts Regiment. Walter Stewart, Colonel, Inspector Northern Army. Officers of Engineers, signed to Counterpart of the Institution. * I ) LI p o r t ai 1 , Major- General. *Gouvion, Colonel. Laumoy, Kosciuszko, " , Villefranche, Lieutenant-Colonel. Wuibert, Lieutenant-Colonel of the Continental Corps of Engineers. Murnan, Major of Engineers. Rochefontaine, Major. L Enfant, " HAZEN S REGIMENT. William Stuart, Lieutenant. James Anderson, Lieutenant. Nicholas Schuyler, Surgeon. Palmer Cady, Lieutenant. Germain Diony, Lieutenant. Benjamin Mooers, Lieutenant and Adjutant. Edward Chirm, Lieutenant and Paymaster. William Torrey, Lieutenant. Edward Bugbee, Lieutenant. Zaccheus Peaslee, Lieutenant. Lewis Gosselin, Lieutenant. Thomas Thompson, Lieutenant and Quartermaster. Antoine Paulient, Captain. Franois Monty, Lieutenant. The above names were probably signed after the following: Moses Hazen, Brigadier-General. Edward Antill, Lieutenant-Colonel (commanding). Joseph Torrey, Lieutenant-Colonel. Lawrence Olivier, Major (by brevet). William Satterlee, Captain. William Mtinson, Captain. Richard Lloyd, Captain. 366 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. James Duncan, Captain. Thomas Pry, Captain. Clement Gosselin, Captain. Anthony Selin, Captain. Francis Gilmart, Lieutenant. Amable Boileau, Lieutenant. Andrew Lee, Lieutenant. Noah Lee, Captain. Murdock McPherson, Lieutenant. The last two names are attached to this list on a separate piece of paper. OFFICERS OF GENERAL ARMAND S CORPS. *Armand, Marquis de la Rouerie. J. Ternan, Lieutenant-Colonel. George Schaffner, Major. Henry Bedken, Captain. Le Brun De Bellecour, Captain. De Bert De Majon, Captain. John Sharp, Captain. Augustus Brissault, Captain. Baptiste Verdier, Lieutenant. De Fontevrieux, Lieutenant. Godfried Swartz, Lieutenant. Henry Riedell, Lieutenant. William Gitling, Cornet. Jervuturas, Lieutenant. Richard Head, Lieutenant. P. B. B. Rassaneau, Cornet. William Murdock, Cornet. Cas. Schaffner, Cornet. James McDougall, Cornet. John Morris, Surgeon. Charles Greer, Surgeon s Mate. > Joseph Smith, Cornet. Lewis De Pontiere, Captain of Horse, Aidc-de-Camf> to Steuben. Date of commission, i8th of February, 1778. Entered by the Secretary Ganeral on the list of Foreign Officers in the book of minutes. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 367 LlSTE DE L ORDRE AMERICAIN DE CINCINNATUS EN FRANCE.* S. E. Le Chevalier de la Luzerne, Ministre Plcnipotentiaire. S. E. Le Seigneur Gerard, dernier Ministre Plenipotentiaire. Amiraux et Commandants de la Marine. L. E. Le Comte ^"Estaing. L. E. Le Comte de Grasse. L. E. Le Comte de B arras. L. E. Le Chevalier Destouches. Marechaux de Camp. FRANCS. Le Comte de Rochambeau, Commandant-en-Chef 6,000 Le Baron de Viomenil, Lieutenant- General 3> 000 Le Chevalier de Chastellux 2,000 Le Comte de Viomenil 2,000 Le Comte de Saint-Simon 2,000 De Choisy 2,000 De Beville. Brigadiers en Amerique. Le Comte de Custines 2,000 Le Due de Lauzun 2,000 Le Due dc Laval 2,000 Le Comte t/ Antichamps. Le Marquis de Rostaing 2,000 Desaudroitines. D Aboville 1,500 La Vallette 1,500 Tous servi en Amerique avec le grade de Colonel. Marquis de Saint Maime 1,000 Comte Chretien, des Deux Fonts. Comte de Pondens 1,000 Vicomte </ Arrot , i ,000 Vicomte de Rochambeau . 1,000 Comte Guillaume, d es Deux Fonts. Vicomte de Noailles 1,000 * Taken from liaron CHrardot s book. 368 THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. FRANCS. Comtc de Charlus 1,000 Comte Flechin. Robert Dillon 1,000 Querenet, de la Combe, des Ingenieurs. Cointe de Segur i ,000 Cointe de Fersen. Prince de Broglie 1,000 Scheldon. Comte de Damas. 1,000 Cointe ilc Vauban 1,000 Marquis de Champcenets 1,000 PARIS, LK 7 JANVIER, 1784. (Signed} LE C TE DE ROCHAMBEAU. Tous ceux dont les sommes sont en blanc etaient absents, mais probablement adhe reront a lameme deliberation. Liste des officers dans le cas d etre proposes pour etre admis dans 1 association des Cincin- natus, d apres le reglement de la Societe Generate du 15 May, 1784. Le Baron de 1 Estrade. Le Chevalier de Lameth. M. de Tarle. M. de Menouville. Le Baron de Saint Simon. Le Chevalier de Mirabeau. M. He Montesquieu. Le Viconite Dosmond M. de MacMahon. Le Chevalier de Tarle. Le Cointe de Loncenil. Le Comte de Chabannes. Le Baron ^/ Esebeck. M. f/ Anselme. M. de Ricey. M. Lynch. Le Vicomte de Vandreuil. Lc Vicomte de Fleury. Supplement de deux officers du 15 Aoust, 1784. proposee pour le ordre Cincinnatus. Goulet, de la Tour. Marquis de Montmort. (Signed} C TE DE ROCHAMBEAU. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 369 Capitains et Commandants de Vaisseaux. Resolu. dans 1 assemblee generate de la Societx- de Cincinnati. du lundy 17 May, 1784. M. de Tarle. Le Chevalier de Lameth {Colonel par brevet). Lc Comte de Sonneville. Lc Comte de la Touche. Le Comte dc Kergariou. Le Chevalier de 1 Eguille. Le Chevalier du Quesne. Le Comte de Travalais. Le Chevalier Maulevrier. Le Chevalier de Vallongne. Le Comte de Capellis. Le Chevalier de la Perouse. (Signed) G. WASHINGTON, Prcs. Lieutenant-Colonel de Bouchet was admitted by the General Society May 1 7th, 1784. Le Marquis ae Bouille was admitted by the General Society May i8th, 1787. FOURTEEN DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. . Sfr^gyP ^ T$^> N10 INTER-LIBRARY LOAN >fcPT. JUL 1 3 LD 21-100m-2, 55 (B139s22)476 General Library University of California Berkeley YE 07084 U. C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES Ml5<3961 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY