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 .y/iv/^.v: ^/v//-v/^'
 
 AN 
 
 ©rtflinal J|i0torj 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CITY OF GLOUCESTER, 
 
 ALMOST WHOLLY 
 
 COMPILED FROM NEW MATERIALS; 
 
 SUPPLYING THE NUMEROUS DEFICIENCIES, 
 
 AND 
 
 CORRECTING THE ERRORS, OF PRECEDING ACCOUNTS; 
 
 INCLUDING ALSO 
 
 Cfje (J^rigtttal J^apers 
 
 OF "THE LATE 
 
 RALPH BIGLAND, Esg. 
 
 GARTER PRINCIPAL KING AT ARMS. 
 
 By THE Rev. THOMAS DUDLEY FOSBROOKE, M. A. F. A. S. 
 
 AUTHOR OF THE HISTORY OF THE COUNTY, BRITISH MONACHISM, 4c. Ac 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 printed by and for JOHN NICHOLS AND SON, RED-LION-PASSAOE, 
 
 fleet-street; and -zb, parliament-street: 
 sold also by mr. hough, and messrs. vvashbourne and son, gloucester. 
 
 1819.
 
 iJ'
 
 
 TO 
 
 ROBERT BRANSBY COOPER, and EDWARD WEBB, Esqrs. 
 
 REPRESENTATIVES IN PARLIAMENT FOR THE CITY OF GLOUCESTER, 
 
 CJifi ^USaorfe 
 
 IS, BV PERMISSION, 
 
 VERY RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED. 

 
 PREFACE. 
 
 In undertaking a new work, where one preceding exists, it is a matter of 
 course, that deficiencies should be the leading object. Accordingly, when the 
 Author compiled the County History, his attention was directed to Record, 
 because the work of Sir R- Atkins was, in that point, a mere posthumous 
 tissue of undigested memoranda. With respect to the City, the case is ex- 
 actly otherwise. Archdeacon Furney made a catalogue raisonn^e, not a his- 
 tory, and in such a view he has great merit; but, when it appears that the 
 whole work of Archdeacon Furney, including Catalogues of County-parishes, 
 Monastic estates. Members of Parliament, Mayors, &c. and other lists, con- 
 tains only 126 folio pages, and this work, in the General History alone, 
 nearly as much, througli a smaller type; it will be seen, that justice had never 
 been done to the City in matters of History, no more than it had been done to 
 the County in matters of Record. 
 
 When Messrs. Nichols, therefore, proposed to the Author the continuation 
 of Mr. Bigland's Work, he suggested the quantity of latent materials concern- 
 ing the City, and determined to avoid what is styled by Authors scissors and 
 paste writivg, making books from books, literary cannibalism. It mattered 
 not that there had been an original work, and transcripts. The Members of 
 the Society of Antiquaries pursue their studies independently, under the Royal 
 charter, without consideration of preceding works, or intentions of opposition. 
 
 Topographical works consisting of matters of reading, and matters of refe- 
 rence, and being heavy, from a commixture as absurd as would be making a 
 contiimous narrative of the paragraphs and advertisements of a newspaper, the 
 Author determined to throw all unmanageable details (in the manner of Adver- 
 tisements and Epitaphs) into an Appendix, at the end of the Chapter. Anti- 
 (juarian Science can only be made a subject of general interest, by removing 
 such incumbrances ; nor does it so well avail to pick out Topography with the 
 History of England, as with Archaeological Dissertation, always curious, and to 
 philosophers always important. Besides, such a History -qf-England con- 
 struction
 
 vi PREFACE. 
 
 struction is much like depriving an old portrait of the beard and costume ; its 
 leading features of interest to posterity. A local History is not a machine, 
 carriage, or engine, of which the merit depends upon a particular mode of 
 action, but a Museum, or Cabinet; and accordingly, the ancient quotations 
 and extracts are given in their native form. 
 
 The Biographical Notices are also written on a plan, studiously adapted to 
 effect. Changes of situation are concisely detailed ; and character and pecu- 
 liarities made prominent, because the former belongs to Genealogy, the latter 
 to Biography. The former displays the worldly situations of the man ; the 
 latter the features of his character. 
 
 By this means, the work, it is hoped, will be all through a readable book, 
 not one of mere reference, or dipping. 
 
 One difficulty was considerable. The Epitaphs, collected by Mr. Bigland, 
 form a MS octavo volume, in a neat small hand, written on both sides, J'our 
 inches thick! Genealogy was his study; and pedigrees are title-deeds, which, 
 if it were a general custom, as among Jews (and Arabians, in reference to 
 horses), to preserve in families, the suitors In chancery would be diminished 
 one half. To have given all the Epitaphs in full, would have ruined the book, 
 by excess of heavy matter, or enormous price. No person, reasonable or ho- 
 nourable, will therefore condemn a measure purely adopted that all (so far 
 as concerned Mr. Bigland's Collections) might be Included, viz. the measure of 
 abbreviation. The plan therefore adopted has been, to give the names, ages, 
 titles, offices, families, obits, every thing of title-deed bearing ; omitting the 
 endless repetition of Here lies the body of, &c. &c. but proceeding at once to 
 the name, and converting departed this life, with a long paper-kite tall of 
 dates in large letters, to plain "died," and Arabic numerals. Eulogies, no 
 longer of interest, because the parties are forgotten, are sometimes suppressed ; 
 but those within the memory of the existing generation are retained, as are 
 those relating to persons of rank, fit to head a pedigree with eclat. Persons 
 who are not recorded to have filled offices in the state or city are tabled ; l)ut 
 in no case has any genealogical or biographical incident been omitted. Of 
 course, every purpose of utility has been preserved. Books are written for the 
 publlck, and, If Individuals desire to embalm the eulogies of their ancestors, 
 they should have blank leaves In their Family Bibles on purpose for the Epi- 
 taphs. As to those given, they are truly valuable, because they relate to that 
 period when the mutilation of them is considered legitimate, by sextons, work- 
 men, and school-boys : and they guide the attorney to that useful record, the 
 Parochial Register. 
 
 The
 
 PREFACE. vii 
 
 The Author has to record acts of kindness, which confer real honour upon 
 the parties named. The Lord Bishop condescendingly offered any Informa- 
 tion concerning the See, fit for publication. The Very Reverend The Dean 
 most amiably assisted the Author in reference to the Chapter MSS. ; as did the 
 Rev. Dr. Hall, Prebendary, vvho added valuable communications from the 
 Queen's College iManuscript. Ralph Fletcher, Esq. the Mayor, and the 
 Mess. Wilton acted in the most gentlemanly form respecting the Corpora- 
 tion Papers. The Rev. Mr. MuTLOW kindly contributed every assistance 
 which was solicited. 
 
 Of one gentleman, in particular, the Author has to say, that the generous 
 and truly noble spirit of chivalry may obtain in literature as in arms. Denon, 
 in his Sicily, speaks in proper language concerning the tenaciousness with 
 which the proprietors of valuable documents withhold them from the publick, 
 but George Worrall Counsell, Esq. permitted his most rare and valu- 
 able tracts to be reprinted. Thus they are preserved to the publick. No man 
 is equally versed in the Antiquities of the City, and it is no small benefit to this 
 work, that it received his valuable assistance. As the memorial in print is 
 much more permanent than that of marble, the Author, for the future gratifi- 
 cation of his posterity, subjoins a short pedigree. 
 
 Joshua Counsell, of Wells,=^Anne, daughter of Jacob Worrall *, 
 CO. Somerset, Esq. | of Wells, surgeon, &c. 
 
 Joshua Counsel, of Gloucester, surgeon, &c.=pAnne, daughter of David Gardner, of Stroud, clothier. 
 
 r -" 
 
 George Worrall Counsel, P^sq. ba|)tized=pAnne, only surviving daughter of James Trimnell, late 
 at Gloucester July 6, 17r)S, living of the Island of Jamaica, deceased, married at Glou- 
 there 1819. | cester Feb. 22, 1811. 
 
 , ^ , -, 
 
 Beata Maria. Anne. Juliet Albma. 
 
 The Author has an indulgence to request concerning his work, viz. forgive- 
 ness of such trivial errors as are unavoidable in every book of extent originally 
 written. Two points, It is hoped, will be duly appreciated ; that the materials 
 are, with very rare exceptions of unavoidable coincidences, as dates and names, 
 wholly new ; and that infinite pains has been taken to render the work one of 
 interest all through ; these two points being especial objects of the Author. 
 It is also presumed, that by the aid of archaeology, a luminous illustration is 
 presented of the real pretensions of Gloucester, of which there was no exhibl« 
 tion in preceding works. 
 
 Sept. 1, 1819. T. D. F. 
 
 * Of the same family as the Worrals, Town-Clerks; «ec Cathedral Epitaphs. 
 
 MEMO-
 
 ( viii ) 
 
 MEMORANDA. 
 
 After the first sheets of this work were printed off, 
 the Author receiveil the following illustration of the 
 Roman and British roads about Gloucester, from the 
 Rev. Thomas Leman, of the Royal Crescent, Bath, 
 F. A.S. &c. &c. 
 
 " The British Trackway, bearing the name of Er- 
 min-street, afterwards adopted by the Romans, never 
 approached nearer this county than Herts, or Cam- 
 bridgeshire. 
 
 " I think, I may say, that there were the following 
 British Trackways and Roman Roads around your 
 station at Gloucester. 
 
 " British Trackways. — There was only one great 
 one, which passed inmiediately through Gloucester, 
 which was the communication from Exeter, along 
 the Eastern borders of Wales, through Gloucester, 
 and which led Northerly to Worcester, Warrington, 
 and Carlisle, although there are several smaller ones 
 connecting Glevum, or, as it ought to be written, 
 Glev (for that was probably the Celtic name, the ter- 
 mination being added afterwards, euphoniiE gratid, 
 by their more polished conquerors), to Corin", Ciren- 
 cester; to Aquae Sul', Bath ; to Uxell', near Bridge- 
 water; toVent' (Silurum),Caerwent; to Aricon', Bury 
 Hill, near Ross; to Goban', Abergavenny; to Magn', 
 Kenchester; to Brannogen', Worcester; andtoAlaun', 
 Alcester. 
 
 Roman Roads, made most of them nearly in the 
 traces of the British Trackways, connected Glevum 
 with Coriniuin (Cirencester), Aiiuoc Sulis (Bath), 
 Abone 3.1 Sea Mills, f'enta Siluriim (Caerwent), Bles- 
 tium (Monmouth), Ariconiutn (Bury Hill), Magna 
 (Kenchester), Branogena (Worcester), Ad Antonam 
 (a lost station on the Avon), I'ertis (Bourton on the 
 Watei), and possibly with many other of the smaller 
 posts in the neigboiuhood." 
 
 Concerning tlic road from Glevum to Blestium 
 (Monmoiitli) vid Stanton, the Author received from 
 natives the following line of a still existing Bridle- 
 road, as probably the one in question, because used 
 for one or two centuries back. From Bury Hill to 
 Coverham, near Colford ; from Covcrhani, down by 
 Boarts, to Borned Hedge; fromBorned Hedge to Brier- 
 lond J fi-om Biicrlond, along the present turnpike- 
 road, to Xailb; idge ; from Nailbridge to the left of the 
 
 Wilderness. — Part of this road was raised in a cause- 
 way, at least all the way from Nailbridge to the Wil- 
 derness, and the causeway turns to the right from 
 the Wilderness, down to .Scutt's Kilns. The present 
 turnpike-road has not been made more than thirty 
 years. — The remainder of the road must remain in 
 the uncertainty specified under p. 10, note §. 
 
 In January the Author made a visit to Ariconium 
 (Bollatree), on purpose to ascertain the road from 
 hence to Gloucester. It was in process of being 
 thrown into the field, called Lydiat Meadow, and ran 
 close to the Eastern hedge. It is said to have pro- 
 ceeded on to Castle End ; and so by Linton-point, 
 Aston Ingham, and Tibberton, to Gloucester. A 
 branch from Castle End went Southward to Frami- 
 lode passage. 
 
 Another road from Glevum ran, as Mr. Leman was 
 informed, through Dymock, Preston, Little Marcle, 
 PLxley, and Asperton, joining at Stretton Gran- 
 son the great road from Kenchester to Worcester. 
 
 The road to Rlagna, Kenchester, appears to have 
 gone direct to Ariconium, and from thence through 
 Rudhall to Over Ross. Its probable progress, after 
 crossing the Wye, the Author cannot even conjecture. 
 
 Plan of Ancient Gloucester. — After the Author had 
 formed a Diagram, mentioned in the Chapter of An- 
 cient Gloucester, p. 127, his attention was accidentally 
 directed to Speed's Map of Gloucestershire, pubUshed 
 in 1610. In one corner is a jtlan of the City. The 
 interior is rude, evidently inaccurate and imper- 
 fect ; but, being prior to the siege, it exhibits the 
 Southern walls, with two demi-bastions* Eastward of 
 the South Gate, the Butts (where archery was prac- 
 tised), the Windmill at the East corner, Maribon 
 Park (now the Castle garden), the two Hare Lanes 
 (formerly one wide street), the Watering Stede, whh 
 a row of houses running from the London road, 
 round to St. Catherine's, destroyed at the Siege, and 
 St. Owen's Church. A modern map (so cheap and 
 ci>mmon are they) was considered unnecessai y. 
 
 As the Author has been personally attacked for his 
 opinions, as delivered in his County History, con- 
 cerning the .^ntient Painting mentioned in p. "2^9, 
 
 * These arc erroneonslv s<juar^J in the ]<riiit. 
 
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 MEMORANDA. 
 
 IX 
 
 the fallacy of the opinion upon which the attack is 
 founded io well exhibited in a masterly and excellent 
 work : " The windows of King's College Chapel were 
 executed long after the Pointed arch was in use in 
 every country of Europe ; the Chapel itself is one of 
 the mo5t brilliant efforts of tlie Pointed style, hut 
 though the windows were painted expressly for the Cha- 
 pel, they contain not a single Gothic arch, but innu- 
 merable round ones, together with a system of deco- 
 rations, neither analogous to their subject. Scripture 
 History, nor to the architectural ornaments of the 
 building." 
 
 Haggit's Letters on Gothic Architecture, p. 14. 
 
 The following communications from Mr. Counsel 
 came too late for insertion in the body of the 
 Work : — 
 
 Dear Sir, Gloucester, May 8, 1819. 
 
 1 have sent you extracts of letters from Robert 
 Lord Spencer to his Lady Dorothy, daughter of Ro- 
 bert Earl of Leicester, most of it in cypher, and de- 
 cyphered, relating to the Siege of Gloucester. 
 1 amj dear Sir, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 G. W. Counsel. 
 
 (Copy.) 
 My dearest heart. 
 The King's sudden resolution of going before 
 Gloucester hath extremely disappointed me ; for 
 when I went from Bristol on Monday morning he 
 was resolved to come hither this day, and to that pur- 
 pose sent liis troop before. Upon this, I, and two or 
 three gentlemen, agreed to meet his Majesty here 
 this day, and to take the Bath in our way, which we 
 did accordingly ; by which means we missed his Ma- 
 jesty, being gone this morning towards Gloucester ; 
 and to-morrow morning he will be before it, where 
 I intend to wait upon him. Tlie King's going to 
 Gloucester is in the opinion of most very unadvised. 
 I find the Queen is unsatisfied with it ; so is all the 
 people of (juality. 1 am not able to give you any ac- 
 count upon what grounds the King took this resolu- 
 tion. 
 'August 9lh, at sunset, IG-13. 
 
 (Copy.) 
 My dearest heart. 
 Just as I was coming out of the trenches on Wed- 
 nesday 1 received your letter of the 20th of this in- 
 
 stant, which gave me so much satisfaction that it put 
 all the inconveniencies of this Siege out of my 
 thoughts. At that instant, if I had followed my own 
 inclinations, I had returned an answer to yours i 
 writing to you and liearing from you being the 
 most pleasant entertainment that I am capable of in 
 any place ; but especially here, where, but when I 
 am in the trenches (which place is seldom without 
 my company) I am more solitary than ever I was in 
 my life; this country being full of little private cottages, 
 in one of which I am quartered, where my Lord Falk- 
 land did me the honour last night to sup. Mr. Chil- 
 lingworthf is now here with me, in Sir Nicholas Sel- 
 win's place, who has been this week at Oxford ; our 
 little engineer comes not hither so much out of kind- 
 ness to me as for his own conveniency, my quarter 
 being three or four miles nearer the leaguer than my 
 Lord of Devonshire's, with whom he stayed till he 
 was commanded to make ready his engines with all 
 jKissible speed. It is not to be imagined with what 
 diligence and satisfaction (I mean to himself) he 
 executes this command ; for my part, I think it not 
 unwisely done of him to change his profession, and 
 I think you would have been of my mind if you had 
 heard him dispute last night with my Lord Falkland 
 in favour of Sotinianism ; wherein he was by his 
 Lordship so often confounded that really it appears 
 he has much more reascm for his engine than his opi- 
 nion. ] put off my writing till last night, out of 
 hopes that something here would have happened 
 worthy your knowledge more than what I wrote to 
 you the day before ; and you see what good company 
 made me defer it last night, at which time I was 
 newly come from our leaguer, whither I thought to 
 have gone this morning; but I have got such an an- 
 gry pimple, or rather a kind of a small bile, in such a 
 place, that as I cannot ride without pain, so I cannot 
 with modesty make a more particular description. 
 
 find that we had only an alarm, 
 
 which they gave to hinder our working, not daring 
 to sally any more, being so well beaten the last time ; 
 the night before they otforcd to make a sally, forty 
 or fifty of them being without their sally port, >)ut 
 we instantly beat them back. Our gallery will be 
 finished within this day or two, and then we shall 
 soon dispatch our mine, and them with it. Many of 
 the soldiers are confident that we .shall, have the 
 town within this four days, which I extremely long 
 for, not that I am we.ary of the siege ; for really, 
 though we sulfer many inconveniences, yet I am not 
 
 * A famous Divine. 
 b 
 
 ill
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 ill pleased at this variety, so directly opposite to one 
 another, as the being in the trenches with so much 
 good company, together with the noise and tinta- 
 marre of guns and drums, the horrid spectacles and 
 hideous cries of dead and hurt men, is to the solitari- 
 ness of my quarter. 
 
 yiug. ^bth, from before Gloucester. 
 
 The same to the same, four days before the fight of 
 Newberry, where he was slain. 
 Since I wrote you from Sulbey, we had some 
 hopes one day to fight with my Lord of Essex's army, 
 we receiving certain intelligence of his being in a 
 field convenient enougli, called Ripple Field, towards 
 which we advanced with all possible speed ; upon 
 which he retiied with the body of his army to Tewkes- 
 bury, where, by the advantage of the bridge, he was 
 able to make good his quarter, with fi\e hundred 
 men, against twenty thousand. So that though we 
 were at so near a distance, as we could have been 
 with him in two hours, his quarter being so strong. 
 
 it was resolved on Thursday, that, seeing for the 
 present he would not fight with us, we should en. 
 deavour to force him to it by cutting off his provi- 
 sions ; for which purpose, the best way was, for the 
 body of our army to go back to Evesholme, and for 
 our horse to distress him. Upon which I, and many 
 others, resohcd to come for a few days hither, there 
 being no probability of fighting very suddenly, were 
 we arrived late on Thursday night. I am afraid our 
 sitting down before Gloucester has hindered us from 
 making an end of the war this year, which nothing 
 could keep us from doing, if we had a month's more 
 time, which we lost there, for we never were in a 
 more prosperous condition ; and yet the divisions do 
 
 not at all diminish, especially betwixt and 
 
 , by which we recei\e prejudice. I never 
 
 saw use any body with more neglect than 
 
 , and we say he is not used much better by 
 
 the Queen. 
 
 Oxford, September the \6th, 1643. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 General History page 1 
 
 Ancient Gloucester 124 
 
 The Castle 143 
 
 Abbey of St. Peter 156 
 
 Bishops 185 
 
 Abbatial Residences 198 
 
 Episcopal Officers, Archdeacons, 
 
 &c 203 
 
 Deans 210 
 
 Prebendaries 219 
 
 College School 230 
 
 Song School 232 
 
 The Cathedral 233 
 
 Prioiy of St. Oswald 287 
 
 Priory of Lanthony 290 
 
 Black Friers 294 
 
 Grey Friers 296 
 
 VVliite Friers 299 
 
 Grammar-Schools, Crypt School, 
 
 &c 301 
 
 Epitaphs in St. Margaret's and 
 
 St. Magdalen's 307 
 
 Parishes — St. Aldate's 309 
 
 All Saints, or AUhallows 311 
 
 St. John Baptist 312 
 
 St. Catherine's, alias St. 
 
 Oswald 320 
 
 St. Mary de Crypt 322 
 
 St. Mary de Grace 339 
 
 St. Mary de Lode 341 
 
 St. Michael 349 
 
 St. Nicholas 360 
 
 St. Owen's 374 
 
 Holy Trinity 378 
 
 Dissenting Meeting Houses. . . . 3S0 
 
 Population of the City 384 
 
 Charitable Donations 386 
 
 Civil Government ; including 
 Historical Events connected 
 with the Corporation, and Lists 
 of Members of Parliament, 
 Bailiffs, Mayors, Sheriffs, High 
 Stewards, Recorders, andTown 
 
 Clerks 393 
 
 Trade of Gloucester — Severn — 
 
 BerkleyCanal,Mint,Coins, &c. 423 
 Eminent Natives, or Inhabitants 427 
 ModernGloucester, Public Build- 
 ings, &c 43 1 
 
 Suburbs of Gloucester 440 
 
 Corbet's " Historical Relation of 
 the Military Government of 
 
 Gloucester" 445 
 
 Index 468
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 In classical history, it is generally deemed, that when fable and mythology cease, 
 authenticity commences ; but the narrative of the middle age excludes confidence 
 through the prevalence of principles incompatible with the veracity which ought ever 
 to accompany the relation of actual events. In all nations the first chroniclers have 
 been the rhapsodists, bards, or family historians ; and the early materials of history 
 either include their fictitious embellishments, or are absolute inventions, intended to 
 supply that splendor and ancientry, with which it was deemed indispensable to de- 
 corate every important subject. The bards, from theiv employment and situation as 
 domestics and laureats, laboured under an absolute necessity of praising and contriving; 
 and some apology was found in the usual aberrations of poetical license, especially 
 in the satisfactory form of flattery, and the political prudence of thus encouraging 
 gallant and noble actions ; but no plea can vindicate the separation of truth from 
 history, an absurdity as gross as would be a court of justice where the evidence given 
 was at the option of the witness. It is, notwithstanding, true, that in disregard of 
 the solemn duty of veracity, panegyrick and embellishment were either copied in 
 ignorance or unconcern, or were leading jjrinciples common to our early historians, 
 together with their archetypes the bards. To this was added the singular plagiarism 
 of transferring accounts from one nation to another, with the simple alteration only 
 of names and places. To confer glory upon Cambridge, Lydgate makes Anaxiniander 
 and Anaxagoras to have studied there; Hector Boethius transcribes the British history 
 
 B of
 
 2 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 of Caractacus, makes him King of Scotland, and places all his cainpaigns in that 
 country * ; and upon the same principles, because the Roman history commences with 
 the fugitive Trojans, Brute, the descendant of ^neas, is brought to this island ; and 
 when Christianity was promulgated, the pedigrees of the British kings were deduced 
 from Adam and Noah, in imitation of the jjenealosries of Matthew and Luke. 
 
 The grand exemplar of this corrupt mode of writing has been long presumed to be 
 Jeffrey of Monmouth ; but it is now finally decided -J- that his work is merely a viti- 
 ated translation of the History of the British Kings, written by Tyssilio, or S. Taliau, 
 Bishop of St. Asaph, in the seventh century. Giraldus Cambrensis attests also that 
 the materials were derived from the bards. 
 
 The following account of Gloucester, best given in the venerable statement of the 
 copious Holinshed, may therefore be considered as the history of that city which was 
 reported by these ancient poets. But it is not to be rejected as wholly fictitious, for 
 circumstantial evidence and fair presumptions will be hereafter exhibited, tending to 
 shew that Kingsholm was the British city (antecedent to the foundation of the colony 
 at Glevum) and residence of the kings; by which hypothesis the various Chroniclers 
 are in the main reconciled. 
 
 " Arviragus, the youngest son of Kymbeline, and brother to Guinderius (because 
 the same Guinderius left no issue to succeed him), was admitted King of Britaine in 
 the yeere of our Lord 45, or rather 46. 
 
 " This Arviragus, otherwise called by the Britons Meuricus, or Manus; of Tacitus, 
 Prasutagus, is also named Armiger in the English Chronicle, by which Chronicle (as 
 appeareth) he bare himselfe right mant'ullie against Claudius and his Romans in the 
 war which they made against him, in so much that when Claudius had renewed his 
 force, and woone Porchester, and after came to besiege Winchester, (in the which 
 Arviragus as then was inclosed), Arviiagus assembling his power, was readie to come 
 foorth and give Claudius battel I : whereupon Claudius doubting the sequele of the 
 thing, sent messengers unto Arviragus to treat of concord ; and so by composition 
 the matter was taken up, with condition, that Claudius should give his daughter 
 Genissa in marriage unto Arviragus, and Arviragus should acknowledge to hold his 
 kingdom of the Romans." 
 
 " Some write that Claudius, in favour of the valiant prowesse which he saw and 
 found in Arviragus, honoured not only him with the marriage of his daughter the 
 said Genissa, but also to the end to make the towne more famous where this marriage 
 was solemnized, he therefore called it Claudiocestria, after his name, the which in 
 the British toong was called before that daie Caerleon, and after Glovernia, of a duke 
 that ruled in Demetia that hight Glunie, but now it is called Glocester." 
 
 * Holinshed, 4to, vol. V. p. G2. Tlie story of the three corpses of Teliaus in the Anglia Sacnij is 
 transferred to Valdred, a Scotch Saint, in Holinshed, vol. V. p. 169. 
 
 t .See Jeffreys article in Chalmers's Biographical Dictionary, vol. XVHI. pp. 490, 491. 
 
 " Other
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 3 
 
 " Other there be that write, how Claudius being vanquished in battel by Arviragus, 
 was compelled by the said Arviragus to give unto him his said daughter to wife, with 
 condition, as before is mentioned ; and that then Arviragus was crowned King of 
 Britaine *." 
 
 Arviragus is affirmed to have died A. D. 73, and to have been buried at Glou- 
 cester "f-. 
 
 To this account there are interesting additions. 
 
 Arviragus is stated to have divorced Voada (the famous Boadicea) who is sister of 
 Caractacus, and, to acquire the favour of Auhis Plautius, to have married this Ge- 
 nissa, a Roman lady. As there was issue by Voada, the Britons rose in rebellion, 
 but by the Roman aid he subdued them. Upon a temporary success of Caractacus 
 over the Romans, Arviragus revolted from the latter, which occasioned the death of 
 his wife Genissa, then })rfgnant, through the shock introducing premature labour. 
 Vespasian, however, overthrowing the Britons, Arviragus submitted, and made his 
 peace :}:. 
 
 Of the existence of Arviragus, and of his resistance to the Roman arms, there can 
 be no doubt, for Juvenal flatters Domitian with the prospect of subduing him § ; 
 and it is equally certain, that Vespasian, first under Claudius, and afterwards Aulus 
 Plautius, was thirti/ times engaged with the Britons ||. Of the marriage, there is no 
 evidence in classical history: and not only the Romanity of the appellation Genissa, 
 but her very existence, is doubted. When Claudius sent Aulus Plautius with the army 
 of Gaul into Britain, he successively defeated Caractacus and Togodumnus. This 
 victory produced the submission of the Dobuni, or Boduni, (of which Gloucester- 
 shire, East of the Severn, was part,) and they received a garrison %. As they were 
 before subject to the Cattieuchlani (or inhabitants of Buckingham, Hertford, and 
 Bedford shires), the change was perhajjs desirable, because from the vicinity of the 
 powerful and pugnacious Silures their country wouJd be the chief seat of war, and 
 protection much to be regarded. Claudius, however, thinking it sufficient security 
 only to disarm the Britons, and not confiscate the property of their principal men, 
 the Britons from his clemency erected temples and altars to him, and worshipped 
 him as a god **. A writer of high name-^-f~ says, " that the Britons called Gloucester 
 Air-chalu, and quotes Seneca, as saying " that the barbarians in Britain worshipped 
 Claudius as a god, and built a city there in his honour," and from that city the whole 
 country was called the Vale of Gloucester. Seneca, however, simi)ly states tiie apotheosis 
 of Claudius, the other matter being an addition of the Historian of Malmesbury :{:|'. 
 
 * Holinslicd, vol. I. p. 485. t Idem. p. 4SG. 
 
 * Idem. vol. V. \>.Gi, seq. 
 
 § " Re (enione Britanno 
 
 Excidct Arviragus." Jvivcnal, L. 1. Sat, 4. p. 1S8. Ed. Lubin. 
 
 ■ II Suetonius, p. 509. Ed. Babelon. ^ Sammes's Dritannia, p. C09. 
 
 ** Idem. p. 10. if Will. IMalmesb. Scriptores post Bedain, f. IGI. a. 
 
 J J Knowing that William often misquotes, the author desired Mr. J. G. Joue.s, of Wadham College, 
 
 O.xford, to search Seneca for the passage. His answer is as follows : 
 
 " .Agreeably
 
 4 HISTORY OF CiLOUCIiTSTER. 
 
 Upon the authority of Tacitus, Hohnshed says, that to restrain the Silures, " Osto- 
 rius (successor of Aulus Plautius) peopled a towne ncere to their borders called 
 Camelodunum, with certaine bands of old souldiers, there to inhabit with their wives 
 and children, according to such nianer as was used in like cases of jilacing natural 
 Romans in anie towne or citie, for the more suertie and defense of the same. Here 
 was also a temple builded in the honor of Claudius the emperor, where were two 
 images erected, one of the goddesse Victoria, and another of Claudius himselfe*." 
 
 Here the town is stiled Camelodunum, generally thought to be Colchester or Maldon; 
 but if so, tliere is a great geographical error, for a distant part of Essex cannot be 
 upon the borders of the Silures. Holinshed on this account, from sin)ilarity of appel- 
 lation, presumes that the Camelodunum here meant, is Camalet, in Somersetshire 
 (the Colomeoe of Ravennas), upon the edge of Dorsetshire; but this does not lie be- 
 tween the Bristol Avon and the Severn, where Ostorius placed his line of fortresses. 
 Every circumstance connected with history and situation ivould lead to the opinion 
 of a misnomer in Tacitus, as being a foreigner, and that not Camelodunum, or 
 Colchester, but Glebon, or Gloucester, was the spot in question. The evidence in 
 favour of Colchester is however in all the moderns general ; and the only way to 
 escape the difficulty is by taking the account of Richard of Cirencester, and rejecting 
 the passage which places Camelodunum near the borders of the Silures ; for the foun- 
 dation of the Essex colony, is in Richard, though a contemporary yet a distinct inci- 
 dent from the Silurian war. That monk says, " a Roman colony, which Claudius 
 Caesar drew out, occupied Glevum, situate in the extreme part of the kingdom of the 
 Dobuni, as the writers concerning those times aj^rm." -^ 
 
 " In the year of the world 4047 the Romans occupied Bath and Glebon." 
 
 " Anno Mundi 4050, Ostorius conquered Characticus, king of the Silures, after 
 nine vears war; a great part of Britain was formed into a province, and the foun- 
 dations of a colony placed at Camalodunum." | 
 
 In this account there are inconsistencies. Claudius, according to Richard's own 
 account, was in Britain for six months in the year of the world 4044, and then 
 occupied Glevum ; whereas this event did not ensue till three years after in the next 
 account § ; nor is Stukeley's affirmation, that Richard quotes writers of the sera, 
 correct; for his words are merely " as the writers concerning these times affirm." To 
 add to the confusion, Higden, or his authority, probably one of the writers to whom 
 
 " Agreeably to your request^ I referred to Seneca's works. Among them I found a tract entitled ' Liidus 
 A. Seneca; de morte Claudii Csesaris.' Tliis I read, and discovered that William of Malmesbury has quoted 
 the passage in question erroneously. Seneca writes ' Parum est, quod templum in Britannia habet, quod 
 nunc (alii hunc) Barbari colunt, et ut deum orant.' This is the only reference in the work to Britain, 
 and there is no mention whatever of a city having been built in honour of hira. You will remember 
 Tacitus (Annal. L. XIV. c. 31.) writing of Claudius's transactions in Britain, simply says, ' Ad hwc tem- 
 l)luni D. Claudio con=titutum, quasi arx aetemfs dominationis adspiciebatur,' &c. without giving the least 
 hint of the building of any city." 
 
 * Holinshed, I. 488. Ed. 4to. f Stukeley's Itinerary, II. 90. 
 
 , i Idem. p. 104. § Sec Stukeley, II. 104. 
 
 Richard
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 5 
 
 Richard alludes, says, that Claudius Caesar built Gloucestria or Glovernia, from Glora, 
 or Glovus, Duke of Demetia, wliom Claudius is said to have begotten there*. Nen- 
 nius mentions one Glovus, a petty king of the country -j-. However, this does away 
 the foundation hy Arviragiis through marriage with Genissa. In a MS. sheet :{: intitled 
 " An Encoiniastich Description of the Citif of Gloucester, with the several names 
 thereof, presented Jirst hij Robert Dihdale anno Domini one thousand six hundred 
 twenti/ and two ; and now re-described in the year of our Lord God one thousand six 
 hundred Jifty and one, according to the computation of the Church of England,'^ 
 Gloucester is called by the Romans, Cilevum and Clevem (Clevum) ; by the lirit- 
 taiies, CaerGlowe; by the Saxons, Gleauster ; and by the Latines, Glovernia; which 
 names are derived from the British names. The word, Caer Glowe, signifieth the 
 fair city, (iloucester was built in the time of the Romans by Claudius Caesar, in the 
 year of our redemption forty seaven. It was enljrged in the time of the Brittanes by 
 Duke Glovus, great grandfather to King Vortigern. Thus, at the expence of the 
 preceding writers, the interference of (ilovus, as being onhf concerned in enlarging 
 and improring the city, long after its foundation, is rationally explained. Of British 
 or other additions to the Roman city there can be no question. 
 
 Such is the British account of Gloucester, which Archdeacon Furney wholly rejects: 
 and, certainly, of the jjositive evidence little can be j)ronounced authentick ; but 
 Kingsholm is incontrovertibly antient, and yet from position and subjection to inun- 
 dation, could not possibly be of Roman origin. In situation and character it is as 
 decidedly British and agricultural, as Gloucester is Roman and military; one being 
 the town, the other the garrison. There is further strong circumstantial evidence 
 in favour of the British existence of a city at Gloucester. This circumstance is, the 
 vicinity of the Forest of Dean, for to all our ancient cities forests were annexed. The 
 Celtick Britons esteemed cities most honourable which had the broadest wastes about 
 them ; and which, hy grievous contributions and frequent parties, had made the 
 greatest spoil and havock of their neighbours. It was a peculiar sign of manhood, 
 that the Borderers were obliged to keep oflT and yield up their possessions, and that 
 none durst adventure to inhabit near them. Thus Sanmies i^, from Caesar, who adds, 
 " that such an annexation was deemed essential to safety, because it removed the fear 
 of sudden incursion, when the state was engaged in war, either offensive or de- 
 fensive ||." It was a natural result of the Status Belli being very much in vogue, 
 for an enemy could thus tind nothing adapted to subsistence or plunder, and of 
 course, without magazines, could not form a siege: and the subsequent Roman occu- 
 pation of Gloucester shews that it was much annoyed by the neighbouring Silures. 
 Engaged too, as the Britons were, in pasturage, it is improbable that the fertile 
 banks of the Severn were unoccupied, more esj)ecially if .Mr. Gough's ^| derivation of 
 
 * XV Scriptores, \)\>. 1!)/, 193. t Mem. p. 1 12. 
 
 I Conimuiiicatcil by Air. Counsel. § 13iiUiniii:i, \>. 11. 
 
 II Ue llcU. Gall. L. VI. ^ t.'amdm, I. 'J,Jl». Ed. 17 SO'. 
 
 the
 
 6 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTEH. 
 
 the term Bodunni or Dobuni be correct. He thinks that the name was derived from 
 the British Daff'en, because they inhabited for the most part places which lav low 
 and were sunk under hisis: and Bodo, or Bndun, according to Pliny, signifies deep, 
 in the ancient Gaulish language, the same as the British. Whatever then Gloucester 
 might be in the British sera (of which under Kingsholm), there is no room to dis- 
 pute its Roman History. When Aulus Plautius received upon terms the greatest part 
 of those wlio had been subject to the Cattieuchlani, and placed garrisons among them 
 about the year 45, a colony was settled at Gloucester in order to awe the Si lures *. 
 Horsley is inclined to think that what Tacitus says of the incursions of the enemv 
 into the territory of the Roman allies at the beginning of Ostorius's propraetorship, 
 may refer to some inroad of the Silures into the country of the Bodunni. For it 
 immediately follows that Ostorius, having destroyed some and disarmed others, built 
 forts and posted his forces upon the rivers Avon and Severn -j~. 
 
 To shew the military importance of Gloucester, not only in this, but in the subse- 
 quent aera, especially that of the Civil War, it will be most satisfactory to give at 
 large the leading rules as to the proper situations for fortified towns ; for by this means 
 alone can the great military strength of Gloucester be properly understood, the sub- 
 ject being professional. 
 
 " Before the fortifying of any place (says Captain Cruso) consideration must be had 
 of its situation ; for if it be on a mountain, which is all a rock, and that the place 
 comprehendeth all the top, it will be difficult to approach, the flanks will be secured, 
 it will be free from mines and command, it will easily discover round about, it will 
 do horrible execution, and will be wholesome both for the inhabitants and for the 
 munitions. But such a place hath usually these discommodities, want of water and 
 earth, hard to be retrenched, easie to be quickly blocked up, and the passages and 
 advenues for the releeving of it, easie to be cut ofF. 
 
 " If it be on a mountain, which is not a rock, it will be subject to mining, the 
 trenches of approach will be easilie undermined, and it will have almost all the dis- 
 commodities of the place above said ; but it will also have the advantage of store of 
 earth, and by that means it may easily be retrenched. 
 
 " If the place be seated on a mountain, which hath one or more advetiues which 
 command it, such place will be easie to be assailed and battered from those advenues. 
 
 " If the place be moorish, the approaches are difficult, but the discommodities are 
 great for them within it ; for they are soon shut up, their sallies are difficult and dan- 
 gerous, the place is unwholesome for the inhabitants, the munitions are soon cor- 
 rupted, and it is hard to be releeved. 
 
 " If the place be on a plain, but commanded by one or more hills, it will have an 
 infinite number of discommodities, and almost no conveniences. 
 
 " If it be in a plain which is sandy, the works which there shall be made will hardly 
 be worth any thing. 
 
 * Gough, I. 259. 261. f Horsley 's Britannia Roraana, I. 34. 
 
 " But
 
 (, ENERAL HISTORY. 7 
 
 " But if it be on a plain chumpain, and levell on all sides, the earth being fat and 
 Mrong, it will be easie there to fnrtijie, and to prevent the discommodities, having 
 very advantageous conveniences* ." 
 
 It is plain tliat the last rule applies closely to Gloucester. It is secured on one side 
 by the Severn, stands on a gentle elevation, and is nowhere commanded. The Ro- 
 mans too, from a sense of superior convenience, did not repair to hills and fortresses, 
 except as temporary resorts ■\-. Their favourite stations were gentle knolls, com- 
 manding the adjacent {)lain, surrounded at a good distance by heights, by which they 
 received communications, and the earliest intelligence. One of these exploratory 
 posts, connected with the colony at Gloucester, against irruptions from the Dobuni, 
 was Painswick Hill. Another, more southward, was Uley Bury. In advance against 
 the Silures, they li;id Bury Hill in Bollatree, the real Ariconium, Lidney presumed 
 to be Abone, and perhaps others ; but these more particularly seem to be disposed 
 for prevention of surprize, in reference to the station at (iloucester, and giving time to 
 collect reinforcements from Cirencester, and other posts in the rear and on the flanks. 
 
 Since it seldom or ever ensues that the victors and the conquered unite in cordial 
 agreement, no measure appeared to the Romans more prudent than the establishment 
 of colonies, as so many garrisons to keep the nations in subjection, train them m 
 laws and arts, and observe the motions of a neighbouring enemy;}:. It appears from 
 Tacitus §, that it was much in vogue during the reign of Claudius, to form these 
 colonies, by which great relief was aftbrded to the fatigued empire. In laying them 
 out, a bull and a cow, presumed among the Etruscans to be symbolic of a fertile 
 soil, were yoked to a plough ; a man, with his head partly covered, and his toga 
 tucked up in the Gabine fashion, held the plough handle, and drew a furrow, to mark 
 out the positions of the walls, in such a manner that the turfs fell inwards ||. This 
 ceremony was probably used, because the form of Gloucester is decidedly Romaa. 
 The ancients constantly endeavoured to make their roads in a straight line, as far as 
 circumstances would admit, and equally took pains that the Vicinal ways should cross 
 them at right angles. Tliis, when they built a city, they could easily effect with 
 respect to its streets and lanes. Two principal streets crossed each other, and ter- 
 minated at four gates, the aspect of which was directed to the chief points of the 
 compass. The camps resembled these cities, with this difference, that the forum was 
 situated at the intersection of the two principal streets. Antinoe was thus formed. 
 I'he cross-streets were also wide (the chief being nearly forty-live feet broad), ran pa- 
 rallel to each other, and were so disposed as to afford commodious outlets to the 
 houses. Covered porticoes (a fashion remaining at Chester, &c.) five or six feet 
 broad, made as long as the streets, defended passengers from the sun and rain ^. 
 
 * Ciuso's All IMilitaiie, p. 31, 32, 8vo, 1634. f Hyginus ilc Castr. Homanor. 
 
 * Otto (ie ^(lilib. p: 3, 4. 
 
 § Annal. L. XI. c. 24. Coins of Claudius were found \viili tlie pavement at the Blue Scliool. 
 II Otto, ub. supr. ^f Miss Kniglit'a Latiuui, p. '29,30, 31. 
 
 Aldborough 
 
 O
 
 S HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Aldboiough (the hiirium Brigantum) is an oblong square, where the princijjal streets 
 cross each other at right angles ; and near the central junction is an artificial emi- 
 nence, called Borough Hill*, the capitol, (from the Greek Acropolis) where, even 
 in later times, the inhabitants assembled on public business. When long and severe 
 Avars perpetuated military duty, so that permanent positions were necessary, in order 
 that the enemy might have no time to respire, form designs, or collect forces, then 
 these positions were fortified with great care externally, and buildings erected inter- 
 nally. Those especially which were seated upon the borders of ferocious nations, in 
 an unsettled state, had the construction and order of camps, but in other respects 
 resembled towns -j-. The protection of a river was a site peculiarly eligible for a 
 position. " The Trojans," says Virgil, " erected walls on the left side, for the right 
 was protected by a river ;}:." 
 
 To apply these premises to the illustration of Roman Gloucester. 
 Stukeley has given a plan of Glevum §, but so mixed with modern and winding 
 ways, as to have nothing Roman in it but the straight line of the Westgate and East- 
 gate streets. Roman streets were parallel, and intersected each other at right angles. 
 If Stukeley had studied Hyginus and Polybius, he might easily have traced Roman 
 Gloucester in its principal points. 
 
 In laying out a street or station, a Groma (a thing like a turnstile) was placed, 
 pointing to the four principal ways and gates. This was evidently at Gloucester the 
 spot where the High Cross afterwards stood, and from this Groma (a land-surveyor's 
 instrument) were drawn the four streets, the Via Proetoria being the modern West- 
 gate street, and part of the Eastgate street. On July 19, l8o(), a tesselated pave- 
 ment, jiarallel with the street from East to West thirty feet, and from North to South 
 twenty feet, was discovered in digging the foundation of the New Bhie-coat Hospital, 
 but it was immediately broken to pieces. According to all the plans of camps and 
 stations, it marks the site of the Prceforltmi : but, arguing from the same plans, the 
 Roman city terminated where each of these four streets begins to turn out of a straight 
 direction. 'I'he Roman town was thus a parallelogram, with a cross in the centre, 
 from which on both sides branched vicinal ways to the neighbouring villages or 
 country, such ways being straight, and from the commencement of obliquity in them, 
 may be traced the parts where subsequent additions (whether begun by Glovus or not) 
 of the British or later aeras were made, in continuation of the old Roman street. Of 
 course this suggestion is not given as infallible, but it is certainly most probable, 
 crooked streets not being of Roman origin ; even at Old Sarum (Sorbiodunum), a 
 circular British town, they crossed the centre with straight streets, at right angles. 
 
 There certainly were Roitchts, or petty British Kings, who governed provinces 
 under subjection to the Romans ; nor is any other thing objectionable to the story 
 
 * History of Knaresborough, p. 315. f Hyginus tie Castris Romanorum, p. U3. 
 
 X " i^ncadae diiii niurorum in parte sinistrfi 
 
 Opposuere aciem, nam dextera cingitur anini." 
 k Itiner. vol. II. pi. 12. 
 
 of
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. .9 
 
 of Glovus, than his descent from Claudius. The additions to the town, not of Roman 
 fashion, are considerable : and from one of these the old Soutligate was removed more 
 into the country. In the upper portion of the city, that is, above North and South- 
 gate streets, there remains much of the antient Roman form, in the disposition ot 
 the cross streets, and the nearly equal size of their intervals, and areas: but the 
 Prcetentura, or whole part of the station which lay between the Ha Principalis 
 (North and South-gate street), and the Porta Prcetoria (somewhere about St. 
 Nicholas's church), is almost entirely altered, especially on the North side. The 
 area between Bear-lane and Bolt-lane being a regular parallelogram, is apparently 
 the unchanged site of one of the ancient divisions ; for it is to be remembered, that 
 the interior of Roman fortifications, like this, was laid out in regular parallelograms, 
 and the greater the deviation from this arrangement, the more considerable the 
 alterations. 
 
 Galen, in his account of the Roman Roads repaired by Trajan, says, that " if they 
 ran through forests, wastes, and deserts, he drew them from thence through mha- 
 bited places*." The plan was begun by Agricola, and the Britons were employed in 
 making these roads. The measure occasioned the decay of many ancient British 
 places, the Romans by these stations laying the seminaries of various great towns f. 
 But in the accounts of Roman Roads, it is ever to be remembered, that the existing 
 statements are exceedingly imperfect; that, according to the judicious distinction of 
 the Bishop of Cloyne, Roman Roads and British Trackways, though often con- 
 founded, are ways, though of parallel direction, separate and different in kind, the 
 former being causeways, the latter hollow, and that, lastly, the Itineraries only con- 
 tain the grand high roads, if even that character is due to them. Nothing can 
 plainly be more unsatisfactory than the Itineraries, unless it be no account at all : at 
 the best, it is only lantern travelling, not day-light, or even moon. 
 
 One rule may be laid down, which, though subject to numerous exceptions, is as 
 true as any upon the subject can possibly be. It is, that roads, running for miles in 
 a straiirht line, or nearly so, are either antient Roman roads, or of contemporary 
 character, unless there have been recent inclosures or alterations. Such roads demon- 
 strate a military government, when the claims of private properly were not so sacredly 
 regarded as in the present day j. Under the necessities of such arbitrary rule, these 
 privileges, as in foreign countries, must be superseded, except from the intervention 
 of mar'shes and hills, or local obstructions, there existed an unavoidable deviation 
 from the rectilinear direction. If various books of roads be now published, they 
 cannot vary without ruin of character, in the names of towns, and the admeasure- 
 ments of distances; but, as the antient Itineraries do not coincide, the imperfection 
 is manifest, and therefore, admitting the truth of them, either all traces of the towns 
 upon the route must be lost, which is only partially the case, or the line of road is not 
 accurately known. 
 
 * L. 9. C. 8. (iun(cd by Samnics, p. i:-,] . f Weni. 251, 252, 253. 
 
 1 See Paul's Letters. _,, 
 
 r. The
 
 Ig.^ 
 
 Jt \~%y X ^'j III 1 J*-0 
 
 ■ u 
 
 lAVA 1. 
 
 Ll<w t 
 
 ="-"&"- 
 
 I. 
 
 Burrium - 
 
 - 
 
 M. 
 
 P. 
 
 IX. 
 
 2. 
 
 Blestium - 
 
 - 
 
 M. 
 
 P. 
 
 XI. 
 
 .S- 
 
 Ariconium 
 
 - 
 
 M. 
 
 P. 
 
 XI. 
 
 4. 
 
 Clcvum 
 
 - 
 
 M. 
 
 P. 
 
 XV. 
 
 r,. 
 
 Durocornovium 
 
 M. 
 
 P. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 6. 
 
 Spinas - - 
 
 - 
 
 M. 
 
 P. 
 
 XV. 
 
 1 ' 
 
 Calleva 
 
 - 
 
 M. 
 
 P. 
 
 XV. 
 
 \o HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 The present enquiry turns upon two presumptions; one, that before the Silures' 
 were subdued by Julius Frontinus, after a nine years' war, the Roman March was 
 along the Severn, on the Eastern bank, to the passage at Aust ; and tliat, after the 
 Conquest, the Causeway at Over was thrown up, and a line of road established on 
 that side. These presumptions are founded upon the paucity of information in the 
 latter view, and the copiousness of the other; for after passing Over Causeway, we 
 know of stations, but of no road to them, in that line. 
 
 The first Road in the Itinerary of Antoninus is from Isca (Usk) to Calleva, called 
 Wallingford, lOg miles: and the stages as follows : 
 
 - Usk. Caerphilly. Richard. 
 
 - Old-Town. Herefordshire. 
 Kenchester. 
 Gloitcester. 
 
 - Cirencester. 
 Speen. 
 
 - Wallingford. 
 
 Concerning this Iter, it is fully sufficient to point out b}' the figures the impro- 
 bability of this line of road, when it is examined by the maps, even admitting that 
 for purposes of business the Itinerary did not take the nearest roads. The direction 
 is nearly thus : 
 
 3. Kenchester *. 
 2. Old Town. 
 1. Usk. 4. Gloucester. 
 
 Now if Blesthim be placed at Monmouth, as it is by Horsley, and Ariconium at 
 Bollatree, in Weston under Penyard, where the station Burij-Hill is still pointed 
 out, and abundant remains have been excavated, the distances and line of road are 
 sufficiently coincident; for from Monmouth to Bury Hill, fording the Wye, is not 
 more than eleven miles, nor is the latter more than fifteen from Gloucester. Gen- 
 tlemen fond of antiquities in the vicinity have long noticed this improvement -|~, and 
 accordingly have placed Magnis or Magna at Kenchester : and that this is the proper 
 Roman appellation of Kenchester appears from a preceding Iter, where it is stated to 
 lie on the line of road from Abergavenny (Gobannium) to Worcester; and from Sir 
 R. C. Hoare^.. 
 
 . It is further necessary to note, respecting the Roads which passed Over Causeway, 
 that a Roman way from Gloucester to Monmouth is stated to have gone through' 
 Stanton ^, though no such line of travelling occurs in any Itinerary. 
 
 * Mr. Gough sajs, " It is improbable that a Roman way had gone from Gloucester to Kenchester." 
 Camden, \o\. II. p. 468. 
 
 t The .\utbor is indebted for this suggestion to W. Hooper, Esq. Solicitor, Ross. 
 
 * GirEildus, ii. .'367- 
 
 § This road leaves Monmouth for the Kymin, passes under the Ruckstone (or Drui:Iical Roikingstone) 
 to Stanton, from whence (by the term Bwy-WiW^ it seems to have proceeded to that E))ot ; and, according 
 to the straight line, went on through Abbenhall and Blaisdon to Highnani, in order to reach the Causeway 
 
 at
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. n 
 
 The Author has endeavoured to track this road by Gun's Mills in Abbenhall, to 
 Gloucester, presuming tliat tliis was the direction, because the College Tower appears 
 in a right hne from hence, but this is very uncertain, nor can he give any satis- 
 factory account of the other road to Ariconium (Bollatree) and Magna, Kenchester. 
 
 The next Roman Road which passed through Gloucester is in the tenth Iter of 
 Richard. It went from Inverness to Exeter. The stages were from Worcester to 
 Gloucester, and from thence to Cirencester, and so on to Rath *. 
 
 The fourteenth Iter of Richard refers to the road w/a Gloucester -f- from Caerleon 
 to Lincoln, through Ariconium to Gloucester, and from thence to Evesham. If this 
 last be the Jd Aniunum, the road must have gone somewhere by Cheltenham and 
 Winchcombe. 
 
 The Hermen Street must be particularly noticed. Stukeley says, " In the reign 
 of Nero they (the Romans) in all probability made the Hermen Street, as now called 
 by a Saxon word, equivalent to the Latin Fia Mititarlis. That this was the first, 
 seems intimated by the name, in that it has retained, xar s^oyjiv, what is but a com- 
 mon appellative of such roads. This noble work, taking in the whole of it, was 
 intended to be a meridian line, running from the Southern Ocean through London 
 to the utmost bounds of Scotland. This may be inferred from the main of it, which 
 runs directly North and South. This was the Old Hermen Street; but as it carried 
 them through a low country, where it would perpetually need repairs, they struck 
 out a new Hirmin Street, more westerly, that should run altogether on better 
 ground. This new road, Stukeley thinks, was made by Lollius Urbicus, lieutenant 
 under Antoninus Pius|. Higden's account of tliis road is, " that it is one of the 
 great Highways made by Dunwallo Molmutius, and runs from West Wales to South- 
 ampton ^." These accounts must be received with great diffidence ; for a good illus- 
 tration of Roman Roads is only to be found in the Bishop of Cloyne's communica- 
 tions to Messrs. Lysons. The Irmin Street, coming from Cricklade through Preston 
 to Cirencester, proceeds from thence, forming the turnpike road to Gloucester, be- 
 tween Brimsfield and Cowley, through Brockworth and Barnwood. Upon this road 
 the Author saw still in use a Roman cart, similar to those on the Antonine Column \\. 
 It was a cart with a pole, the wheels solid, and drawn by a yoke of oxen. It is 
 further singular, that it should appear on the High Military Road, where it was for- 
 merly used for carrying the shields and darts. It is now adapted to the humbler use 
 of conveying dung, nor has the Author seen a cart similar to it in any part of 
 (iloucestershirc, or the kingdom, though it mav not be so rare as he supposes. How- 
 ever the Roman origin of it is clear, and the coincidence of its appearance on one 
 of their high roads, as if it had descended with it as a heir-loom, is striking. 
 
 at Over. The judges are said anciently to have gone tliis way to Monmouth before the present road through 
 Ross was used. By enquiry of ancient persons, it appears that they went through Michel-dean, which is 
 too much to the North of Stanton. 
 
 * Stukcley's Itinerary, II. 13'2. f Idom. 134. * Idem. I. p. 6, 7- 
 
 § XV Scripfores, 196. || Engr^^vcd in Montfaucon, vol. IV. P. ii. B. i. C. 7. 
 
 It
 
 lii IIJSIOUY OF (.LOUC ESTER. 
 
 It is stated in the campaigns of Severus that he occupied the marshes with bridges 
 and causeways, on purpose that his soldiers might stand in a safe place, easily run 
 along them, and Hght on hard ground*. It is of course unnecessary to observe, that 
 this principle of tactics did not originate with him, and that it cannot thence be 
 understood he was the founder, in preference, of Over Causeway, All that is in- 
 tended, implies, that before the Silures were held an easily conquerable enemy, the 
 strong barrier of the Isle of Olney and the Severn would be deemed a defence not 
 to be weakened ; and that a passage would not be made until posts were established on 
 the opposite side for the sake of security. If such steps are prudent, it is sufficient to 
 say, with respect to the Romans, that they are probable ; for skill, pride, and sub- 
 tlety, explain the causes of Roman success. By art and practice they established 
 discipline; by pride they elevated the mind to invincible valour; and by subtlety 
 they acquired depth in intellectual calculation. They fought, as in our battles in 
 India, men not trained like themselves ; ami their victories icere in consequence 
 easy. The tactics of barbarians, like those of the Cossacks, are fitted, at the utmost, 
 only to impede, not to conquer regular troops. No Roman Ways were made in Britain 
 till after Claudius's conquest -|". The Ikenild Street, leading to the passage at Aust, 
 was a British Road; and from the paucity of Roman remains on the Northern banks 
 of the Severn, compared with Oldbury, Lidney, Caerwent, Caerleon, and numerous 
 subordinate posts on the Southern and Western sides, it is not, according to the cir- 
 cumstantial existing evidence, probable that when the Silures was a neighbouring 
 enemy, a pass was made over the Isle of Olney, or that it was desirable, till security 
 was established. Archdeacon Furney only says, " 'twas made us it now is, in the 
 reign of Henry VIII." But, were there no other evidence, the distances in the 
 Roman Itineraries between Glevum and the opposite stations on the other side of the 
 Severn, would lead to conclusions concerning the ancient existence of a Bridge and 
 Causeway, not to be controverted. A few years ago, upon cutting through the 
 Causeway, for the purpose of completing the Hereford Canal, at a very considerable 
 depth below the present surface were found immense stones of a reddish tinge laid 
 upon transverse beams, and some few pieces of oak timber, sound, but quite black. 
 Some of the stones may be now seen in the pier of the bridge. This is supposed to 
 have been the surface of the antient Causeway. Any one acquainted with the local 
 character of the Quarries in the vicinity must know that stones of a reddish tinge 
 belong to the forest side of the Severn, and that they could scarcely be brought from 
 thence till the country was secured. Over Causeway may therefore, upon the evi- 
 dence of Roman habits and existing circumstances, be pronounced, in foundation 
 and purpose at least, a work of that nation. 
 
 The site of the Tolsey is also that (according to the plans of Roman towns) of the 
 antient Forum or Capitol ; and though no remains exist, the appropriation of such a 
 spot to forensic purposes is sufficient. All Saints Church was only an addition ;}:. 
 
 * Histor. August. Scripfor. iii. 536. Ed. Sylburg. t Borlasc, p. '277. 
 
 X See Furney in Rudder, p. S9, note i|. 
 
 Small
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. J3 
 
 Small the Forum certainly was, and so are they elsewhere, as also the areas of stations, 
 without number. 
 
 The parts around the Praetorium (presumed to have been where the Blue-coat 
 school now is) were occupied, of course, by the principal officers: the tribunal, or 
 hustings, whence orders were issued, being on one side the Prsetorium, and the 
 auguratory and altars on the other. 
 
 This appropriation may appear to be hypothetical ; but, that there might be no 
 confusion, and that the soldier might have every thing fully known to him, the order 
 observed in the disposition of camps and stations was every where the same, nor was 
 the nature of the ground permitted to vary it *. In camps of an equal square on 
 every side, the positions of the Praetorium and Ouaestorium alone varied ; but the 
 oblong square, situate upon a river, or in a safe position, was, if possible, always pre- 
 ferred, the length exceeding the breadth by one third. Vegetius indeed, leaning to 
 a Greek fashion, speaks with indifi'erence of the form ; but Leo Africanus condemns 
 round camps, because so the enemy could attack them in an united body, whereas 
 the angles of the square form compelled a division of the assaulting forces into four 
 bodies; and thus the power of the aggression was weakened -|-. Whoever, therefore, 
 reads the following description of Hyginus, will see its immediate application to 
 Gloucester. " Now for the choice of ground in laying out a camp. Those situations 
 have the first place, which rise from the plain in a gentle eminence, in which position 
 the Decuman gate should be placed on the highest spot, that the country below may 
 lie under the camp. The Praetorian gate ought always to face the enemy. There 
 ought to be a river or spring in some part of the position. Those defects, which 
 our ancestors called Novercce (mothers in law), ought always to be avoided; such 
 as a hill, commanding the camp, by which the enemy can descend in attack, or sec 
 what is done in the camp; or a wood, where the enemy can lie in ambush; or 
 ravines or vallies, by which they can steal unawares on the camp ; or such a situ- 
 ation of the camp that it could be suddenly flooded from theriver|." Under the 
 authority of these leading rules, it may not be presumptuous to exhibit the plan in 
 Hyginus, applied to Gloucester, as in the main, at least, accurate. 
 
 As the plan was evidently a parallelogram, the din)ensions of the station may be 
 easily ascertained by the usual rule adopted in such tertiata castru (as they were 
 called) of the length exceeding the breadth by one third. The town-ditch on the 
 East side appears to have been formed from the Roman foss, and Constitution Walk 
 and King Street to have been on the line of the Vallum, though altered in subse- 
 quent periods. The J hi Priticipa/is, or Arm of the Cross, reached from the site of 
 the North gate, a little below St. John's Church, to somewhat beyond the Black 
 Friars in the South-gate Street, the South-gate itself (as latterly erected) being no part 
 of the original station, no more than the late West-gate at the foot of the Bridge. 
 
 * Prolegomena tie Castris Hygini ct Polybii, not paged. f Notes in Hyginunij p. 82. 
 
 I Hyginus in fine.
 
 14 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 
 ^•i' .-SO . 
 
 Porta Prae- 
 toria. 
 
 w. 
 
 GLEVUM. 
 
 Praetoriuni. 
 
 Porta Decu- 
 raana. 
 
 E. 
 
 * Qu. Caer-seon : a very common British appellation of places where there was worsliip. (Davles's 
 Druids.) — To save room, Kingsholm, &c. are placed nearer Gloucester than they are in reality. 
 
 Now
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 15 
 
 Now for the illustration of this plan, by an adaptation of that in Hyginus to the 
 existing streets, &c. on the Roman hne. Robert of Gloucester, hereafter quoted, 
 proves its correctness. 
 
 The Porta Decumaita was on or very near the site of the East gate. 
 
 The Porta principalis dextra was on or very near the site of the North-gate, 
 a httle below St. John's Church. 
 
 The Porta Praetoria was on or about the site of St. Nicholas's Church. 
 
 The Porta principalis sinistra stood a little beyond the Black-friars, in the South- 
 gate Street, where the turn of the road begins. Every street at Pompeii is straight *. 
 
 The Eastern side of the station was from Langet, or the Bowling-green, along 
 Constitution-walk, and Kins:-street. 
 
 The Northern side of the station was down St. Aldate's Street to the North-gate, 
 and thence in a line to the church-yard of St. Mary de Lode. 
 
 The Western side reached from the site of the Castle, or thereabouts, to. St. 
 Mary de Lode's church-yard. 
 
 The Southern side extended from about the Black-friars to the Castle. 
 
 The Via Pra^toria was the West and East-gate Streets. 
 
 The Fia Primipalis was the North and South-gate Streets. This was the Roman 
 promenade. 
 
 The Fia Sagiilaivs extended from Bellman's Lane down Bolt Lane, and terminated 
 at Bare Land. 
 
 As for the tradition that Cript Alley stands upon the Irmin Street which crossed 
 tlie South-gate Street, and so jjroceeded to the Severn, it appears to be a confusion of 
 that eminent military way with the narrow path which ran beside the residence of the 
 Duo Lesuti, or Seconds in command. 
 
 Hare-lone, Ilcre-lone, i. e. Army Lane, was a road which passed in an angular 
 direction to Kiniisliolm, and was the line of communication between the Station. and 
 the residence of the civil authorities, the first British city, as presumed. 
 
 With respect to Military Ways, ij' they led to a colunij, it was deemed safest that 
 they slioidd not proceed in a straight line to the gate, but diverge to the right or left 
 in order to pass near the walls, and especially under the Propugnacula Murorum'Y- 
 Roman Ways, as is observable at Pompeii, turn off in obtuse angles, not sections of a 
 circle ; and from the fork formed by Hare Lane and the Lower Aort/igate Street 
 (once perhaps, as at Pompeii, lined with tombs,) the preceding rules corroborate the 
 opinion that both these are original roads to the Station. But there is another 
 important fact : Hack Hare Lane runs parallel with its fellow street of the same 
 name. Both lead to the burying-place at Kingsholm. Now at Pompeii, the road 
 from Ilerculanenm and the Via Puhlica run in nearl)' a similar manner. The 
 
 * GcU's P()iii|)(>i;ina, pi. I. 
 
 I Sin aiilcm crit ciilonia .Tiit niipidum, liitisiimus picstal/it aditus, si non cxpeilil6 in portam lectabit ; 
 ^c^l in dcxirani aut sinistrain propc nixnia ac prcM-i tim sni) ipsis inurorum jjropugnaculis ditlucotur. Leon. 
 Bapt. Albeit, de re acdificatoria, 4to. Par. 1512. f. LVI. a. 
 
 sj)ace
 
 16 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 space between them Sir W. Gell supposes the Ustrinum *, or spot devoted to 
 burning the dead. 
 
 It is evident from the Island, that the Station must have terminated on or about 
 the site presumed, because before the Gates was a semicircular rampart called Titulus 
 or Tutulus'\-, existing in fine preservation at Uley Bury, Old Sarum, and other 
 Stations. 
 
 The Praetorium is presumed to have been the site of the Blue School. The follow- 
 ing is the account, drawn up by Mr. Counsel, when the tesselated pavement was dis- 
 covered in 1806 : 
 
 " On Saturday last, as the workmen were employed in digging the foundation for 
 the New Blue-coat Hospital, in this city, they discovered, about six feet below the 
 surface of the earth, the remains of a very curious tesselated Roman pavement, 
 running in a parallel direction with the street, and extending from East to West 
 thirty feet, and from North to South twenty feet. It is divided into compartments, 
 enriched with a great variety of scrolls, frets, and other architectural ornaments, 
 having a wreathed or braided border, together with different figures of fish. The 
 colours are white, red, blueish grey, and pale and dark brown. The tesserce are 
 mostly cubes of different sizes, from one-half to three-quarters of an inch ; some are 
 triangular, and of various other shapes. The cement on which the pavement is laid 
 is about an inch thick, and appears to be composed of sand, pounded brick, and 
 lime, forming together a very hard substance. The interstices are filled up with 
 cement, so hard, that it is even more difficult to break than the tesserce themselves. 
 The white and pale brown tesserce appear to be of a hard calcareous stone, and bear 
 a good polish ; the red are of a fine sort of brick; the blueish grey are of a hard, 
 argillaceous stone, found in many parts of Gloucestershire, and called blue lijas ; and 
 the dark brown appear to be of the granite found at St. Vincent's Rocks, near Bristol. 
 A drawing has been made of a part of this curious and interesting piece of antiquity, 
 which has probably existed for upwards of seventeen centuries; but we much regret, 
 that proper directions were not given for the whole to be carefully taken up and pre- 
 served, as no mean record of the historical importance of the place. The remains 
 of the pattern exhibit fishes and serpents in a ring; the guilloclte, always occurring in 
 these pavements, and the customary fret J. 
 
 " Several coins of the Ernjjeror Claudius have been found. 
 
 " A considerable relict of tesselated pavement exists in what is at present the cellar 
 of the house attached to Saint Mary de Crypt School : its depth from the surface of 
 the street is about the same as that found in the East-gate Street. 
 
 " The discovery of these pavements must place beyond a shadow of doubt the 
 disputed fact of Gloucester having been a considerable Roman station. When the 
 Romans had conquered a great part of this island in their second expedition, by 
 Aulus Plautius the Praetor, under the Emperor Claudius, about the forty-fifth year 
 
 * Pompeiana, PI. II. and p. 111. f IJyginus, p. 122. 
 
 J Of these remains more further on. 
 
 of
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 17 
 
 of the Christian ?era, they stationed a colony at Gloucester, as the most convenient 
 situation for curbing the Silures. It was called Colonia Glevum, as appears by an 
 ancient inscription to be seen on a stone near the North-gate, at Bath. The town 
 was, at ditierent times, enlarged by the Roman Emperors, as they had occasion to 
 employ more forces. It is said to have been large and pojjulous, when the Consul of 
 it was summoned, together with other great persons, to attend King Arthur's Court, 
 to solemnize his coronation. 
 
 " Tesselated Pavement. Pav'imentum Tesselatum. A rich pavement of Mosaic 
 work, made of curious small square marbles, bricks, or tiles, called tesserae, from 
 the form of dies. Tesselated pavements were much used in the tents of the Roman 
 Generals. Tessera, in Roman antiquity, denoted, in its primary sense, a cube or 
 dye, so called from the Greek word tessera, four, respect being had to its number 
 of sides, distinct from its two horizontal planes above and below. The church of St. 
 Mark, at Venice, is entirely floored with Mosaic work. l"he mortar of the antients 
 was of such prodigious hardness that, Vitruvius tells us, the pieces of plaster falling 
 from old walls served to make tables." 
 
 The Old Market House, in Kip's plate, standing in the East-gate Street, occupies, 
 according to the plans, the site of the Qua'storium, which though not always in one 
 position, was in strictness to be placed behind the Prictorium near the Decuman 
 Gate *. 
 
 The spot, where part of a pavement remains, in the house attached to the Crypt 
 School, marks, according to the plans, the residence of the Duo Legati. 
 The Forum, or Capitol, was on the site of the Tolsey. 
 
 It being the rule, as before observed, not to include land subject to inundation 
 within a Station, the part between the Severn and St. Nicholas's Church was excluded. 
 Besides, it would have broken the parallelogram, and Polybius says, " There was 
 always one simple plan of castrametation among the Romans, which they used in 
 every time and place." -|- 
 
 The Garrison of Glevum consisted of the Legio Claudia, " The Legio Claudia" 
 says Stukeley, " quartered at Gloucester, was the vnth Aug. Tliis legion came 
 over into Britain with Julius Caesar; he calls it veterrima legio; it was named 
 Claudia, from the Emperor, and called pia Jidelis by the Roman Senate. Hence 
 Gloucester was called Claudio-cestria, from its residence here ; and that it resided 
 here, we learn from our author, who says, he " has it from writers of most antient 
 Roman times. It remained here in Garausius's time." % Under circumstances of per- 
 manent residence, the soldiers resided in barracks. Those of the Romans were called 
 Castra. At Tivoli and Otricoli they consist of long ranges of rooms, divided into 
 many stories, ascended t)y a wooden staircase. There were no windows, nor comnm- 
 nications between the chambers, but all the doors opened upon a common gallery. 
 
 * Hyginus, p. \.G~. 
 
 Hyginum, p. 145. t Stukeley 's Itinerary, vol.11, pp 118, 119- 
 
 n The
 
 l8 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 The barracks of Hadrian's villa were covered with very solid arches ; those of Otricoli 
 (of which there is a plan in Guattani's " Monumenti Antichi,") only with planks. 
 Similar barracks occur at Rome in the baths of Antoninus Caracalla, and opposite the 
 Campidoglio, near M. Palatine*; but those of Pompeia are composed of a court sur- 
 rounded with porticoes, resembling a civic exchange, the porticoes being divided into 
 cells or compartments, each opening into the area-^. That there were such accom- 
 modations at Gloucester, is almost matter of course; and, according to the custom of 
 other cities, were probably situated not far from one of the gates, of which the most 
 likely is the Porta Prcetoria ; and the Booth-all being public ground, it was probably 
 on or about that spot. 
 
 There is a tradition, that King Lucius was buried in the church of St. Mary de 
 Lode. It is utterly improbable, that so grand a Colonial Station as that of Glevum 
 was without a temple; and as Christian churches were erected upon the sites of 
 heathen places of worship ;{: (as St. Paul's, Westminster Abbey, and many others,) 
 the above tradition leads to a suspicion of this ancient church having a similar origin. 
 
 The ancient Tolsey consisted of a wooden piazza below, with antic figures over 
 the capitals, an overhanging story, with immense sashes, and a ballustrade above. 
 It receded in two sides of a triangle from the High Cross §. It formerly consisted 
 only of the council chamber and the room under it (which were erected in 1002, upon 
 the demolition of the former edifice made in I565,) till 1648, when the North wall 
 of All Saints Church was taken away, and the whole church converted into a court 
 for the sheriffs and other public uses||. It has been before shewn, that it was the 
 custom in Roman towns for the houses to have covered porticoes the whole length of 
 the streets, to defend passengers from the sun and rain. Stukeley says of Marlbo- 
 rough, an undoubted Roman station, " This town consists chiefly of one broad and 
 straight street, and for the most part upon the original ground plot ; nor does it seem 
 unlikely that the narrow piazza, continued all along the sides of the houses, is in 
 imitation of them ^, (the Romans). The irooden Piazza of the Tolsey certainly 
 leads to the inference that the habitations, at least in the four great streets, were, 
 from the Roman period downwards, of the fashion still prevailing at Chester and Marl- 
 borough ; at all events, that such was the facing of the houses in the Roman period. 
 
 The senators and principal inhabitants of Rome had not only their grand villas, 
 situate in the most delicious parts of Italy, but, on account of inability, through busi- 
 ness, to be long absent from Rome, they had their suburbana, or inferior rural man- 
 sions, answering to our citizens' boxes just upon the outskirts of the city, and these 
 they called their gardens**. " Anciently," says Furney, " the town extended north- 
 wards and southwards, with few buildings on the eastern and western sides. The 
 more noble part of it stood where now the Kingsholm house is. King's street led 
 
 * Encyclopedie des Antiquitfes. f .\rch8eologia, vol. IV. p. 160. 
 
 J According to the instructions of Pope Mcllitus. 
 
 § Vctusta Monument;!, vol. II. pi. 8. II Furney. 
 
 ^ ItlncrariumCuriosuin, vol.1, p. 63. ** Encycloped. des Antiquit. v. Suburbaiium. 
 
 from
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. . \{) 
 
 from A'r/J^-^-holm to Gloucester. Kings-holm has produced an immense portion of 
 Roman remains; leaden coffins, lamps, and pottery in abundance, and stateree, 
 described hereafter. 
 
 Before proceeding to the account of the Kings-holm excavations in detail, an in- 
 ference certainly arises from the presumptive evidence before-mentioned, whatever 
 may be its value, that here stood the city pretended to have been built by the Britons, 
 the settlement of the Colony in the Station being a distinct affair; and that Kings- 
 holm was therefore the Coer^eo/?, as Fabian and other Chroniclers stile it*, which 
 was antecedent to the time of Claudius and Glevum. Kist-vaens have been found 
 there, denoting the early Celtick modes of sepulture; and the irregularity of the place 
 is another evidence of British ancientry, for the Britons did not build in streets. As 
 their houses consisted of mere wattled work, remains are not to be expected. Hig- 
 den -f, preserving a very curious old poem of the manners of the Welsh, says, 
 Domos demissas incolunt They inhabit low houses. 
 
 Ex virgulis qua.s constrnunt. Which they construct of twigs, 
 
 Distant ibus limit ibns At distant limits, 
 
 \on prope ut in urbihus. Not near together, as in cities. 
 
 Nor did they adopt Roman fashions till the time of Agricola. Their settlements too 
 were upon the sides of woods \, and they could easily pass to the opposite forest of 
 Dean by means of their coracles. Afterwards both Britons and Romans were amal- 
 gamated together here ; the latter more especially making it a burial-place. Attention 
 is presumed to have been paid to a dry substratum in places of interment §; and 
 the spot where most of the remains are found is the Gravel Pits, so called from 
 abundance of that earth. 
 
 The excavations are important, and lead to various inferences concerning the ancient 
 history of this interesting spot. The Rev. Mr. Douglas having exhibited to Lieu- 
 tenant General Melville a legionary Roman sword, the General made enquiry of Mr. 
 Douglas where it was found. This produced two letters, one from Mr. Douglas, 
 the other from Mr. Mutlow. Of the first letter, the following is a copy, so far as the 
 matter is particular. 
 
 " At a spot of ground called Kings-holm, near Gloucester, some time in the course 
 of last year (1784), a leaden coffin was found, which contained a skeleton ; the coffin 
 was in the form of the drawing in Mr. Mutlow's letter; near it were found two 
 fibulae, some coins, a blade of a sword, a ring with three brass braces, connected with 
 a girdle, which served to secure the sword to the side, a brass pendant fixed to a hook 
 of the same metal, into which leather appears to have been inserted, and which seems 
 to have been appropriated for a private stamp ; and a small sepulchral vessel, which 
 contained perfumes, or some kind of liquor, which the Romans are known to have 
 deposited with their dead. 
 
 * Lei. Collect. III. 427. f XV Scriptores, 188, confirmed by Diodorus Siculus. 
 
 + Giraldus Cambrcnsis, p. 800. cd. Frankf. § Archxologia, XIV. 74. 
 
 "It
 
 20 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 " It is not unusual for the Romans to bury in leaden coffins. See accounts of this 
 natufe in Roma Suhferranea ; and leaden urns, which have contained their ashes. 
 In confirmation of which, I have now in my possession a manuscript, which I re- 
 ceived of Mr. White, of Newgate-street, of a late Earl of Winchelsea, which contains 
 a catalogue of the antiquities which were sold at Mr. Kemp's sale at the Phoenix 
 Tavern, the lower end of the Haymarket, from the 23rd to the 27th of March, 
 1721 ; wherein is mentioned. Lot 244, an urn of lead, containing ashes, and which 
 sold for ten shillings and six pence. It is further to be observed, that at Bath, within 
 these few years, stone coffins have been dug up with bones, lachrymal vessels, and 
 Roman denarii in them. At Kingsholm, also, within these few years, stone coffins 
 were found ; nor are we to conclude because tradition has handed down to us an 
 account of the palace of a Mercian king being situated near this spot, that these are 
 Saxon remains. When relics bear such evident marks of their owners, we are not 
 permitted to flatter our speculation by ascribing to one nation what common sense 
 prefixes to another. 
 
 " Those who have had opportunities of viewing the many specimens of Sarcophagi 
 that have been discovered in Italy, must know, that the Romans buried and burned 
 their dead at the same aera ; and that the former custom was not adopted from the 
 introduction of Christianity only, but was equally prevalent in their pagan institutes. 
 
 " P. S. It is remarkable, that the blade seems to have been broken off intentionally 
 from the handle; the old fracture is obvious, and where the wrench was made, the 
 edge takes a bend. I cannot at this instant charge my memory with it ; but I have 
 read in some Classic, that the sword was not deposited entire, but the blade broken 
 off, in token that no violation or injury was offered to the ?nanes. At least the pas- 
 sage conveys this meaning." 
 
 Mr. Mutlow, in his letter to Mr. Douglas, says : 
 
 " In the first place, I have to inform you, that the coffin was found within about 
 fifty yards of the Roman way called Ermin-street, which went from St. David's in 
 Wales to Southampton, and about eighteen miles from Gloucester crosses the Roman 
 foss-way ; but, notwithstanding this circumstance, I am of opinion, that the coffin 
 in question did not belong to a Roman, but to a Saxon, in support of which I have 
 to say, that in the Heptarchy Gloucestershire being a part of the Mercian kingdom, 
 the Roman way went by a palace of the kings of Mercia*, which was situate in a 
 field adjoining to that in which the coffin, &c. was found (the foundation of which I 
 have seen), and to this day is called the Kingsholm ; and a few years since there were 
 two stone coffins (those generally supposed Roman) found close to the Ermin-street, 
 one of which was about six feet and a half in length, and nearly in the form of a 
 cistern ; and I believe, upon consideration, you will be of opinion, that the Romans 
 never interred their dead in lead-}-. The sword sent was not found in the coffin, but 
 
 * Of this hereafter. 
 
 t A mistake. See Cough's Sepulchral Monuments, Introduction, vol. I. p. 39. 
 
 five
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. iV 
 
 five or six feet distant, exactly as it was sent. There was a complete skeleton in the 
 coffin, and the bones but little decayed, most of which now lie scattered among 
 many others found near the same spot. The man says, that he is certain there was a 
 coffin of wood, in which the leaden one was inclosed, as the nails supposed to have 
 fastened it lay in a regular position round the place where the leaden one was found, 
 though there was not the least vestige of the wood remaining. There was nothing in 
 the coffin besides the skeleton. There have been a great number of coins, both 
 Roman and Saxon, found in the field at different times, chiefly of Tiberius, Nero, 
 and Claudius, and a few of several of the early emperors. There was found more than 
 half a peck of Saxon coins in a heap between some stones *." 
 
 In 1789 Mr. S. Lysons communicated to the Society of Antiquaries, drawings of 
 urns, fragments of an amphora, an iron hatchet, a small brass lamp, a brass patera, 
 a bulla, an ornamental bell of brass, a small pi/xis, or perhaps measure of brass, a 
 pair of brass compasses, one of the legs of which is broken off, that which remains 
 has a slit at the end of it-|-; fibular, a circular ornament of brass, having a mask 
 well executed in alto relievo on the centre, extremely well preserved (from the rivets 
 on the back it appears to iiave been fastened on leather, probably a belt) ; brass beads ; 
 blue ones, of the kind commonly called Druid's beads : lastly, 
 
 A Statera, or Roman steelyard, of brass. 
 
 " It is," says Mr. Lysons, " I believe, the first which has been discovered in the 
 kingdom, and is very well preserved, no part of it being lost, except the hook or chain 
 by which the weight was suspended, 
 
 " One side of the beam is divided into six parts, each of which is subdivided into 
 twelve ; the only number marked on this side is V. the other side has the numbers 
 V. X. XV. XX. inscribed on it. 
 
 " As the Roman pound consisted of twelve ounces, each of which contained six 
 sextulae and twelve dimidice sextulce, I had little doubt that the six parts in the first 
 graduation were ounces, each of which were subdivided into twelve dimldiw sextulce, 
 and that the second graduation began at five ounces, and proceeded on to twenty- 
 four, or two pounds. An experiment I afterwards made with the Roman weights at 
 the British Museum confirmed me in this opinion ; for they tallied as nearly as could 
 be expected, when the loss which the statera might be supposed to have sustained 
 in weight was considered. All the Roman steel-yards which I have had an oppor- 
 tunity of examining are graduated in the same maimer, making the highest number 
 on one side, the lowest on the other, and proceeding upwards by Jives, either of 
 pounds or ounces. The fine specimen preserved in the British Museum which was 
 found at Herculaneum, is graduated on one side of the beam for five pounds, and on 
 the other proceeds from five to twenty-five. 
 
 " Montfaucon confounds the statera with the trutina or scales, and makes them 
 synonimous;}: ; but afterwards describes the former under the name of caw;;a»«. It 
 
 * Extracted from the Arclijeologia, vol. VII. p. 374 — 3S1. 
 
 t One nearly similar in C. Caylus's Antiq. pi. 85, fig. 5. Mr. Lysons, 
 
 X L'Amiq. cxpliq. T. III. L. IV. p. 109. should
 
 39 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 should seem from the following passage in Cicero ' De Oratore' *, Ad ea probanda 
 qucv non aurificis statera sed quadam popular! trutina examinantur, that the former 
 was chiefly used by the goldsmiths for weighing jewels and things of value, and 
 that the latter was employed for the common purposes of life; though it is rather sur- 
 prising that this should have been the case, as the steel-yard is extremely liable to 
 error, and far less to be depended on than the scales. 
 
 " Most of the ancient staterce have a scale or bason suspended by chains at the 
 end of the beam : this specimen has only a double hook -^." 
 
 [Thus Mr. Lysons. Though butchers sold meat by the trvtinaX, and Trimal- 
 chion, in Petronius \, to prove the weight of a bracelet, orders a statera to be 
 brought ; yet these appear to have had different weights (if the words have this 
 meaning " stateram jussit afferri, et singulanitn ufferri pondus") to correct errors. It 
 is too certain tlwt scales have been found at Herculaneum so small as to be fit only 
 for the precious metals. F.] 
 
 The spot at Kingsholm where these antiquities abound being gravel-pits, and 
 exceedingly barren, the gravel has been for years carrying off, and a better soil sup- 
 plied. Through this circumstance the whole is likely to be in the end explored. 
 
 Accordingly, in the year 1815, Mr. Counsel, of this city, kindly furnished the fol- 
 lowing very interesting account of the antiquities discovered at the King's-holm, ia 
 that and preceding years. 
 
 " Last week as some workmen were employed in digging a cellar at Mr. Simms's, 
 at King's-holm, near this city, they discovered, at about six feet below the surface of 
 the earth, a stone coffin of large dimensions, and weighing about three tons. On 
 removing the lid (ten inches in thickness) they found inclosed therein a leaden coffin, 
 not soldered, but hammered into its present form, containing a complete skeleton, 
 with the arms folded across the breast, and the head placed towards the east : on 
 examining the skull, it appeared that a violent blow had been given to the deceased 
 with the point of a spear or other sharp instrument, which had pierced through the 
 OS frontis, or forehead, and which probably occasioned his death. 
 
 " Many coffins of the same kind, as well as others, composed of rough stones set 
 edgeways at the sides, and covered with one or more flat stones, (the kistvaen, or 
 early altar monument of the British,) more than a thousand skeletons, also urns 
 filled with ashes, paterae, spears, daggers, battle-axes, and other ancient military 
 weapons, gold rings, Roman steelyards or balances, great abundance of gold, silver, 
 and copper coins of the latter empire, and various other antiques, have within a few 
 years been excavated there. 
 
 " It is certain that the Romans used stone coffins for interment, as well as for 
 cenotaphs; such coffins contained skeletons firm and entire, and laid in lime; they 
 
 * 11. 3S. t Archseologia, X. 133—136, pi. is. x. xi. xii. 
 
 X Casaubon, in Theophrastum, p. 30. § I. 344. Ed. Nodot. 
 
 also
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 25 
 
 also buried in lead. We find two kinds of burial mentioned in the I'heodosian Code ; 
 one, the burying of whole bodies in coffins; the other, the burying the bones and 
 ashes in urns. The Romans in Britain buried their warriors near the via strata, or 
 military way, to put their bodies out of danger of insult: and to prevent the scat- 
 tering of their ashes, the whole army cast on them grassy turfs, which is the origin 
 of many of the tumuli still found among us. As it was the greatest dishonour to 
 lie unburied, it was most glorious to be covered with a large tumulus, which was 
 probably one reason for the Romans burying their generals near public ways, that 
 passengers might be continually adding to the heap, which it was judged a work of 
 piety to do. The ancient Saxons laid the bodies of those who were slain in the field 
 on the surface of the ground, and covered them with clods of earth, which were 
 raised in proportion to their dignity : they also used stone coffins as early as the year 
 695, and they may be traced from the ninth century to the reign of Henry HI. and 
 in some cases to that of Henry VHI. The Danes buried the bodies with the faces 
 downward, and the heads towards the East, and inclosed between fiat stones set on 
 edge; a distinction perhaps of Danes from Christians. 
 
 " It is well known that Antonine placed his colony, which was called Colonia 
 Glevum, at Gloucester, and that the Claudian Legion was quartered there, from 
 which circumstance it obtaineil the Latin appellation Claudlo-cestria ; and it is 
 generally understood, that a principal part of the city was situated at King's-holm 
 at that time, Klngeslium, or Khigsholm-street, occurs in antient records (1213). 
 King's-holm, therefore, now altered in its mode of spelling, may mean nothing 
 more than the King's Homestead. A traditionary account prevails, that in the 
 King's-holm Close once stood the jialace of a Saxon King. Several of the old inha- 
 bitants remember the remains of this building. 
 
 " When Gloucester was besieged by Charles I. there was a street extending from 
 the city to King's-holm, but which was by order of Massey, the Governor, burnt 
 down. The writer of this article has in his possession the title-deeds of an estate at 
 King's-holm, wherein this circumstance is mentioned. It appears by a presentment 
 of the Grand Inquest for the body of the county of the city of Gloucester, delivered 
 to the Judges of the Assizes holden for the city of Gloucester in the year 1646, and 
 by them presented ' to the Honourable the Parliament of England,' a copy of which 
 is also in the possession of the writer, that the value of the houses destroyed at King's- 
 holm during the siege, (the exact valuation of each house, with the names of the re- 
 spective proprietors, being therein separately specified,) amounted to the sum of two 
 thousand three hundred and ten pounds. This antient document expresses, that the 
 purpose for which this grant was sought, was to remunerate the parties for losses 
 sustained in consequence of measures of defence necessarily adopted, ' for the securing 
 of the city, and the garrison therein kept by the Parliament, against the enemy of 
 our religion and liberties.' Dorney, the town clerk, in his speech addressed to the 
 corporation of the city of Gloucester, October 5th, 16"46, on the election of Lawrence 
 Singleton, Esq. to the office of mayor, alludes to this circumstance in the following 
 
 terms :
 
 54 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 terms: ' Some change hath been made since these troubles, by the burning of the 
 suburbs : so that it is as a garment without skirts, \vhich we were vvilhng to part 
 withall, lest our enemies should */V upon them." 
 
 One of the stone coffins is a water-trough at the Crown Inn, Newport, near 
 Berkeley. That described by Mr. Mutlow is in form a truncated pyramid. 
 
 It is affirmed by Mr. Mutlow, that Kingsholm stood upon the Irmin Street, which 
 other accounts make to cross the Southgate Street, and so go directly to the Severn. 
 Were Mr. Lysons's Britannia published, the difficulty concerning this and the other 
 roads would possibly be resolved, but till then opinions ought not to be hazarded. 
 Hare Lane (Army Lane) certainly was an antient military road to Kingsholm, but 
 the Author did not perceive its further extent. 
 
 Mr. Mutlow also mentions a Mercian Palace here, before presumed to have been 
 that of the British Reguli. It stood in Kingsholm Close, on the opposite side of the 
 road to the Gravel Pits, and is an exceedingly pleasing spot. From the ground-plan 
 it appears to have been a square building, about a hundred and twenty yards each 
 way, with offices. Ruined walls were standing in the memory of Mr, Counsel ; but 
 the whole was removed for repairing the Tewkesbury road. A mineral spring called 
 the Holy Well stood near it. As no remains of building are found in the Gravel Pits, 
 it is very probable that the Roman and Roman-British materials at Kingsholm, and 
 on this spot, were worked up in this stone palace; and it is presumed to have 
 been severally denominated the Old Castle, the King's Hall, and the Castle of' 
 Croydon. 
 
 It was not built upon a mount because plainly never intended for a place of de- 
 fence, that being Glevum. In stages of society almost purely agricultural, towns 
 were only deemed fortifications, whither upon danger rustics always drove their 
 cattle *, and this palace has every characteristic of occupying the site of one origi- 
 nally British, their usual situations, according to Diodorus Siculus and Strutt, being 
 on the banks of rivers, near good pastures for the cattle. By the assignment in lease 
 of the manor of Kingsbarton to St. Peter's Abbey, before 1226, it appears to have 
 been no longer used as a royal residence at that period. 
 
 As the evidence is obscure, it shall be stated, because the identity is only pre- 
 sumed, from utter inability in Mr. Counsel and the Author to find any other site. 
 
 It is certain that the Anglo-Saxons distinguished a town and fortress ; for the 
 Chronicle of Tinmouth says, " In the year 917 King Edward built a borough and 
 fortress (burgum et arcem) at Maldon •\-. Ethelward mentions an Arx Gleauces- 
 irice :}: ; but Domesday proves that a street of houses occupied the site of the Norman 
 Castle. Among the alienations made by St. Peter's Abbey are conveyances to Philip 
 Clothier, William Baillie, and Robert and Peter de Valle, at the Old Castle. We 
 also find that Peter of the Kings Hall gave a croft without the wall of Gloucester 
 
 * Qulnctilian, Declam. ccliii. f Leland's Collect, i. 325. 
 
 J Scriptor. p. Bed. f. AWi. b. Perhaps he simply means Gltvum, as being a fortified town. 
 
 next
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 25 
 
 next the High way, yielding 4y. 4^/. to the Priory of Latithony, and lands towards 
 the King's Hall, between the ditch of the King's Garden and the way towards Long- 
 ford under 4.V. 4d. res. rent to the IViory of Lanthony. Gilbert Carpenter also gave 
 all his land in the suburb of Gloucester towards the Kind's Hall*. Archdeacon 
 Furney says, from the Abbey Registers or Chronicles, as presumed, " Without the 
 Upper North-gate, on the West side, was the Castle of' Croi/ don, standing in Hare- 
 lane."-)- Dun assuredly means an elevated Tump ; and Crui/, according to Ingulphus, 
 in his etymology of C/w/-Iand, signifies Cruda et ccennsa terra, moist, stiff ground :{:. 
 The misfortune is, that there is neither tump, mound, or foss, upon the spot, onlv 
 the plot of a building; but it might be deemed eligible to fill up the ditches, that 
 water and weeds might not collect: or the earth of the tump might be carried off in 
 the civil wars to form the works between Kingsholm and the Oxlease, marked out 
 in Hall and Pinnel's map. 
 
 It is too, plain, that Kingsholm, the Roman place of sepulture, continued to be 
 such in the civil wars, for the workmen found a body in boots, spurs, and a buff 
 coat with buttons §. " In the reign of King James I." says Grose, " no great alterations 
 were made in the article of defensive armour, except that the buff coat or jerkin 
 which was originally worn under the cuirass now became frequently a substitute for it, 
 it having been found that a good buff leather would of itself resist the stroke of a 
 sword : this, however, only occasionally took place among the light armed cavalry and 
 infantry ; complete suits of armour being still worn by the heavy horse. Buff coats 
 continued to be worn by the city trained bands till within the memory of persons now 
 living, so that defensive armour may in some measure be said to have terminated in 
 the same materials with which it began, that is, the skin of animals or leather." || 
 To return from this digression. 
 
 Of the Civil Government of Roman Gloucester we have evidence from an antient 
 inscription often published, taken from a stone at Hath. It is mutilated, and the 
 remainder merely records the decease of a Dl'X'. COLON[rjE GI^E\'. a decurion 
 of the colony of Gloucester, who (Bath and (iloucester being simultaneous occupations 
 of the Romans) is supposed to have gone there for the sake of health. The Romans, 
 from an opinion that similar habits promoted union between the victors and con- 
 quered, formed the colonics on a pattern of civil government similar to the parent 
 city. Instead of the consuls two duumvirs were a|)pointed ^j, who however v/^ire not 
 allowed to have the /rt.sxv.v, only staves of office**, and, in lieu of the senate, a body 
 of decurions, answering in situation and rank to aldermen -{"}-. Down to the reign 
 of the third Richard the duumvirs continued under the name of provosts or bailids : 
 and the decurions from being the heads of decuries or tribes, resembled the officers of 
 corporations, just named, as the decuries did the modern wards. In Panvinius and 
 
 * Regist. Ahb. Glouc. 870". SSO. lOlS. &c. &e. iMSS. Piinn. f Apu'l Rudder, p. '205. 
 
 % Gibson, Chron. Sax. Loc. Noni. Kxplic. p. 'i'2. § Inform. VV. IFooprr, Kscj. of Iloss. 
 
 II Treatise on Ancient Armour. Mililaiy Anliqiiilie.*, II. 323. cd. IbOI. See too PI. 39. 
 % On.) de .EdiliLi. p. 30. ** .\udot in IVtrun. i. Hy. ft Otto dc /Hdil. p. 33. 
 
 E Fab ret ti
 
 26* > HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Fabretti we have the " Decuriones et Plebs Colonhv Anconitanorum," and the " De- 
 curion. populusque Colonice Pneuestin." * As tlie Roman citizens were divided into 
 patricians and plebeians, so the inhabitants of the colonies were separated into decu- 
 rions and people -j~. Out of these decurions all the officers of civil note were elected ;};, 
 and certain orders of men were prohibited from attaining the rank and situation of 
 decurion '^. Of the duties, qualifications, and offices of decurions, the digests of the 
 Roman laws contain volumes ; and there were decurions, commanders of' a troop of 
 cavalry ; and decurions, assistants to the priests ; but the annexation of Colonice Glev. 
 proves the deceased to have been a civil officer of tlie corporation. It is sufficient to 
 observe, therefore, that the decurions were persons obliged to have for qualification a 
 certain quota of property, who conducted all the public affairs of the colony; but 
 from responsibility for the taxes, and obligation to bear the expence of the public 
 spectacles (now converted into dinners), Synesius says, it was an onerous dignity, 
 which all persons endeavoured to shun ||. 
 
 That the account here given is no exaggerated estimate of the probable magnificence 
 of Glevum, will appear from a review of the particulars recorded by Archdeacon 
 Rudge. He says that *' The pavement found in the Eastgate Street was 30 feet East 
 and West, 20 North and South. On the South side was a circular excavation about 
 two feet diameter, which, from the remains of ashes still there, and the burnt bricks, 
 had evidently been used for a hearth or fire-place. From this a communication had 
 been made in several directions by pipes of earthenware, apparently intended to 
 convey heat under the pavement to different parts of the building. The pavement 
 seemed to extend much farther to the West, and is still concealed under the adjoining 
 house; and in the wall of the house on the East was a window of Roman construc- 
 tion." That this pavement formed the floor of the Triclinium, or eating-hall, appears 
 from the size, all other Roman rooms being small. As the Romans burned wood, 
 prepared with oil, that there might be no smoke, chimneys were at least rare ; indeed 
 the existence of them at all has been disputed ^, but Scamozzi ** affirms that square 
 chimneys with pyramidal funnels ending in a point have been found at Baice and 
 Civita f^ecchia. Winckelman also notes, " that at Naples and Rome persons of dis- 
 tinction who wish to preserve their health inhabit rooms without chimneys, and do 
 not use charcoal." As coins of Claudius were found here, it not only corroborates 
 the antient account of the origin of the city, but shews the residence of the Iwperator, 
 or commander in chief, when at Glevum. 
 
 " In the four principal streets," continues the Archdeacon, " some remains have 
 been discovered of Roman houses and buildings. In the cellar belonging to the 
 master's house of Crypt School, is a piece of tesselatcd pavement, but whether it was 
 
 * Otlode.*:diUb. p. 115, 116. f Id- 115. J Id. 119. 
 
 § Id. p. 130. II Encycloped. des Antiquit. v.Decurion. 
 
 ^ The writers for and against chimnies are enumerated by Fabricius, Biblioth. Antiq. See also Beck- 
 man's Inventions. 
 
 ** Archit. L. 3. c.^1. 
 
 there
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 27 
 
 there first discovered, or removed to it from some other place, is not known ; but 
 that such kind of flooring does exist in the Southgate Street, is proved by the disco- 
 very lately made of some in a house adjoining to the Ram Inn, in the digging of a well. 
 From the situation, it should denote the residence of some great officer of the cavalry 
 or allies, or the tribunes. 
 
 " On the South side of the Westgate Street, at a house then in the occupation 
 of Mr. Parker, surgeon, in opening the ground for the same purpose as the preceding, 
 stone steps were found, as if leading from fi^e ground floor to an upper apartment, 
 with part of the shaft of a broken Doric column unquestionably Roman." Where 
 shafts of columns are found, they are usually presumed to denote the site of a temple, 
 and upon good grounds. Steps leading from the outer to the inner temple, (the 
 Adytum, Peuetrale, Sacrarium, or modern chancel,) occur at the Maison Quarrees 
 and other temples. 
 
 " In the Northgate Street, three or four years since, when improvements were 
 making in the house of T. Mee, Esq. formerly called the Black Spread-Eagle, a tes- 
 selated pavement was dug up, formed of dies in the usual way, but destroyed by the 
 ignorance of the workmen. 
 
 " To these evidences it may be added, that, within the last six years, in the North- 
 gate and Southgate Streets, foot pavements running parallel with the houses, have 
 been found at about the distance of seven or eight feet under ground (which is also the 
 genera! depth of the tesselated floors). These were supported by timber piles, and 
 about four or five feet wide." 
 
 These extracts shew, especially the last, that the appropriation of the Fia Prin- 
 cipalis, as in the plan, upon the authority of Hyginus, is perfectly correct; and that 
 it went upon the same line as the present North and Southgate Streets. That there 
 are not so many remains in the Westgate Street is because it lay along the J'ia PrcE- 
 tnria, which lower division did not contain the great offices or principal residences of 
 the leading commanders, because for convenience they were not to be too distant 
 from the I'raetorium. Only towards the bottom were the Veterinarium and maniv- 
 factory of arms. 
 
 The next mention of Gloucester previous to the Anglo-Saxon sera is the history of 
 Lucius. Of the conversion of Lucius, an account is given, whether strictly veracious 
 or not, is less easy to say, than to state the plausible form in which it is arrayed. 
 It appears, according to Cassiodorus, that under the earlier Roman emperors the 
 Christians were permitted to live in the distant provinces ; and that many therefore 
 to avoid persecution emigrated to this island, among whom was Pudens, who is men- 
 tioned in St. Paul's Epistles, and allowed by Martial to have stopped, at least for 
 a time, in these northern parts of the world. By the help of these emigrants, and 
 tiie settlers at (ilastonbury, and more especially by the fame of the miracles done by 
 the primitive Christians, Lucius was rather inclined to Christianity. The abhorrence 
 of polytheism by the Druids, who ninintained the unity of Deitj', was a favourable 
 circumstance. According to Brde, lie therefore, in th« year 15(7, sent an embas!*y 
 
 E 2 to
 
 28 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 to Eleutheriiis, tlie Roman Pontiff, requesting liin:i to take the requisite measure for 
 initiating' him in the Christian disciphne. Accordingly the Pontiff sent over Damian 
 and Fugatius, in some accounts; Elvan and Medvin, in others; who baptized the 
 king and his whole family. There is some difficulty in reconciling these accounts, 
 because Medvin is affirmed to have been a Belgian, and Elvan one of the Glastonbury 
 colonists. The result is stated to be the abolition of Druidism and the estaljlishment 
 of Christianity, till the persecution of Dioclesian under tlie government of three arch- 
 bishops, London, York, and Caerleon, and twenty-five subordinate prelates. This 
 story of Lucius is however rejected in toto, principally upon the ground that the 
 Romans being the supreme potentates, there was no king of Britain. That the 
 Romans permitted Roitelrfs, or petty kings, reigning under their power, is well 
 known ; and it is equally certain, that Britain was governed by these provincial chief- 
 tains; and that there was no prince with sole authority, unless by election in times 
 of peril. That Christianity, however, was contemporary with Lucius, is proved upon 
 the authority of 'I'ertullian, who lived at the same sera, and affirms that " parts of 
 Britain, inaccessible to the Romans, were subject to Christ." However this be, it 
 is said that Lucius, after building many churches, died at Gloucester, in the fourth, 
 tenth, or fourteenth year after his conversion *. 
 
 To determine this question at the present aera upon a solid historical foundation 
 is impossible. It cannot, however, be entirely rejected as a fabrication. The histo- 
 rians of the day were professedly falsifiers, from the ideas of the utility of pious frauds, 
 and the legality of embellishment. Some facts however disprove the idea of mere 
 invention. It is established upon the authentic testimony of the Fathers and Gildas, 
 that Christianity was contemporary with Lucius in this island; and it is more than 
 probable that the political and civil power, united with the ecclesiastical, among the 
 Druids, would naturally prompt a Prince (as it did Henry the Eighth to shake off the 
 Pope) to suppress this formidable hierarchy, by the introduction of a new religion not 
 claiming such extravagant privileges. The Epistle ascribed to Lucius, even admitting 
 the forgery, has the air of allusion to an historical fi\ct, his desire of the Roman laws, 
 plainly with the intention of superseding Druidical tyranny; but the objection that 
 the story could not be true, because the missionaries, not understanding the British 
 language, could not effect a conversion-}-, is absurd, because they would of course 
 ordain natives for this purpose. However, it is more than sufficient to observe, that 
 the Bishop of St. David's makes St. Paul himself to have been the author of Chris- 
 tianity in this island. 
 
 The British history states that, after the death of Arviragus, who died and was 
 buried at (iloucester, his son Marius (by some made the Cogidunus of Tacitus) suc- 
 ceeded ; and he, dying in 132, was father of Coyl, father of Lucius, who died without 
 issue. By .Matthew of Westminster he is affirmed to have died at (iloucester in the 
 year 201, and to have been interred in the principal church. After his death, because 
 
 * Richardson's Godwin, p. 14 — ^5. f \h\i\. ubi supra, 'iG. 
 
 he
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 29 
 
 he had 110 issue, discords arose among the Britons, the Roman power being weak ; 
 and this island remained in an insurrectionary state till the coming of Severus, who 
 restored the Roman ascendancy*. That much legendary matter has been annexed 
 to the story of Lucius is beyond doubt ; nor in iiis aera was sepultiu'e in churches usual ; 
 but the certain antiquity of Kingsholm ; the term King-street, which led from thence 
 to Gloucester ; the existence of a palace, or of a castle or citadel, older than the 
 Norman ; the tradition of the interment of Lucius in St. Mary de Lode's church, in 
 which parish Kingsholm lies; certainly lead to the habitation of subordinate Kings at 
 Gloucester, whose place of residence was out of the station, and most probably on the 
 site of the Mercian palace. 
 
 Gloucester is affirmed to have been made an episcopal see by Lucius; and one 
 Theon, the first Bishop, to have been transferred to the archiepiscopal see of London -|-. 
 This story has been treated with much contempt, but certahil)^ without justifiable 
 cause. Britain, in the later periods of the Roman residence, was divided into thirty- 
 three civitates, of which Gloucester was one. These civitates were arranged under 
 five provinces, of which foreigners only were permitted to have the administration. 
 On the other hand, the municipal officers seem to have been natives. In Gaul, and 
 therefore most probably in Britain, every Civitas had a Bls/iop, and every province 
 had a superior Bishop, answerable to our Metropolitans, though not distinguished 
 with the title of Archbishop ;|:. The Flamens and Arch-Flamens of Geoffi-ey of 
 Monmouth, though manifestly terms very injudiciously applied to Prelates, are not 
 therefore, in relation to a question of fact, to be deemed mere fabrications. 
 
 Upon the independence assumed by the Britons, in the time of Honorius and Con- 
 stantius, the imperial magistrates (supposed to have been the Vicarius, the Consulares, 
 and the Pnesides") were deposed. Instead of the Vicarius, a supreme chief, called a 
 Penteytn or Utnben, was elected by the elders of the different states, to whom they 
 did homage, by paying the medtjrnged, or tribute of the delegate prince. Indepen- 
 dent Britain, accordingly, after the year 410, seems to have been divided into thirty 
 independent republics, or civitates, each of which was governed by chief magistrates, 
 or Duumviri, a senate, subordinate officers called decurinns, an inferior senate called 
 Curia, with other necessary officers. The ecclesiastical concerns were managed by 
 a Bishop in each, wliose power sometimes extended into lay concerns. After this 
 period, constant discords, as may be supposed, ensued, which produced a cluster of 
 regal chiefs, and ended at the catastrophe of the Saxon Invasion, indebted partly for 
 its success to these discords, in the jiredominancy of one tyrant, Guorthigern §. 
 
 It is not therefore legend only to adduce from the British history that the Consul 
 of Gloucester was summoned, with other great persons, to attend King Arthur's Court 
 to solemnize his coronation ||, or that Edel was Earl of Gloucester, Eldad Bishop, 
 
 * Samraes, pp. ^38, 25G, IGd. 1 Ibid. <364. Lelands Collect, iii. 38. 
 
 X Turner's Anglo-Saxons, i. pp. 13.5, ISd, cd. 8vo. Godwin (cd. Richardson) pp. 16y, 1/0, places 
 Tlieon's translation to London in 5,53 ; if .so, he could not be contemporary «iih Lucius. 
 § Turner, i/ 6 j ji/pra, and pp. 140, 190,214, 217, 254. || Furney. 
 
 and
 
 30 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 and Eklo chief Governor, in the year 489. We are further told that, when Aurelius 
 Ambrosias, King of the Britons, had overcome Hengist, in a great battle at Masebell 
 beyond the Huniber, in Yorkshire, he brought him to Gloucester, and dehvered him 
 to Eldo the Mayor, by whom he was led out of the city, and decapitated. This 
 decollation is justly deemed to be a British fabrication. To exhibit the legend — 
 admitting that Eldol was in his day a brave Briton, it is enough to say that the story 
 of Eldol is this : At a public meeting of the Britons and Saxons at Stonehenge, the 
 latter treacherously murdered about four hundred and sixty native noblemen. Among 
 these was present Eldol Earl of Gloucester, who, seeing the treason, seized a hedge- 
 stake, and did not leave the place till he had killed seventy of his enemies and worn 
 out the stake. At a subsequent battle between Aurelius Ambrosius and Hengist, Eldol 
 dragged Hengist out of a body of his troops by the nasal of his helmet; and, by 
 the advice of his brother Eldad Bishop of Gloucester, took a sword and cut off his 
 head*. This story is plainly a clums}- legend, founded upon a well-known part of 
 the history of Samson, the jaw-bone of the ass suggesting the hedge-stake; and as to 
 helmets with nasals, they were not used by the Anglo-Saxons; they were Norman; 
 and Geffrey finding them of his own aera, did not know the anachronism. Mr. Davies 
 speaks thus of Eldol: "To these incidents of the massacre, many old writers add 
 the exploit of Eidiol, or Eidol, a British Prince, who had the good fortune to escape. 
 His character is recognized by English antiquaries, who call him Eldol or Edol, and 
 say that he was Earl of Gloucester in the year 461. Earl must be here regarded as a 
 mere translation of his British title. 
 
 " The Triads speak of this Ediol's having killed an incredible number of the Saxons, 
 on the day of Hengist's plot, with a quick-beam truncheon. The Welsh Chronicles 
 of Tyssilio and GeotFry, which in this sera may be allowed to blend some true history 
 with their fable, limit the number which he slew to seventy men. But these annalists, 
 finding that Eidiol was both a temporal prince and a bishop, have thought proper 
 to give us two brothers of that name, styling one of them Earl and the other Bishojr 
 of Gloucester. This must be a mistake. The two characters were united in one 
 person; and I conjecture that this person was no other than Emrys, or Ambrosiusj 
 who, immediately after the massacre, was elevated to the British throne. The very 
 same actions are ascribed to Eidiol and to Emrys, such as burying the British nobles, 
 erecting their monument at Ambresbury, taking Hengist prisoner at Caer-Gynan, or 
 Conisborow, and causing him to be beheaded. If this Eidiol was not Ambrosius, we 
 must consider him as the great agent and counsellor of that Prince, to whom his 
 actions were consequently ascribed -j~." 
 
 Of this Eddiol, or Ambrosius, Mr. Davies says further : " Eppa, a Saxon phy- 
 sician, treacherously poisoned him, by the instigation of Pascens, the son of V^orti- 
 gern :}:." Further on, we find, from the Gododdin, an ancient British Poem, that 
 Eidiol was chief minister of the feast at Stone-hen<rc, and a much better Druid than 
 
 * Ldand'b Collect, iii. 30. Mtiliuesbury (Script, p. Bed, L. i. p. 4) tells the real history of this massacre, 
 t Mythology of the Dniids, pp. 308, 309. X P. 344, n. *. 
 
 Christian
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 31 
 
 Christian, though he held ^he rank of Bishop in the apostate Church of the Bri- 
 tons *." He is represented as seated upon a horse, when Seneschall of the feast -j-. 
 
 During the reigns of Cerdic and Kenric, grandfather of Ceaulin, the Britons pre- 
 served themselves by pretended submission, and the occupation of walled towns J ; but, 
 in the year 577, Ceaulin defeated them at the fatal battle of Dirham or Bath, and 
 took three of their cities, of which one was Gloucester. Afier this they fled into the 
 fastnesses of Wales, which their descendants still occupy §. Gloucester, at the time 
 of the capture, was denominated one of the most eminent British cities || ; but this 
 must have been said in a military view only ; for, just before the battle, the province 
 was governed by no single monarch, but various noblemen, whose contentions were 
 highly injurious to the habitancy and agriculture of the country % ; and, in the legend 
 of Kenelme, it is said that, when Kenulphe founded the abbey of Winchcombe, " that 
 town was the best of the countre **." Gloucester, as a military position, was con- 
 stantly subject to injury ; and that it was much damaged is reasonably inferred from 
 the repair of it in 679 by Wulphere son of King Penda -f--^. 
 
 Gloucester was then called Gleawecesore, and was given to Osrick by Ethelred 
 King of Mercia, with three hundred of his tributaries; and, upon request of the 
 above Osrick, the same King gave him his license to erect a monastery in this city 
 in the year G71. " I make no doubt," says Mr. Prinn, " of Gloucester having been 
 a corporation before the year 67 1, being then called Civitas, which takes in the whole 
 region, whose inhabitants use (are governed by) the same laws till the year IO72I:}:." 
 
 In 804, a synod was held here '}-}-. 
 
 In 87S, the Danes devastated Mercia, expelling the free inhabitants; and took up 
 their quarters in this city, from whence they removed to Chippenham §§. 
 
 In S96, was held here a great meeting of the Mercian men, when Werefrid Bishop 
 of Worcester recovered several laws 'j^-f-. 
 
 In 918, this city was very instrumental in routing and destroying the Danish 
 arniy -{—}-. 
 
 In 941, King Athelstan died here]||l. 
 
 In 964, King Edgar resided for a short time in the town ; and one of his battles 
 against the Danes was fought here^H^. 
 
 In 978, the city was for the third time ravaged by the Danes, and almost consumed 
 
 by fire 4- 
 
 In lOlf) was fought (as affirmed) the famous battle in the Isle of Olney, between 
 Edmund Ironside and Canute. The former, after the battle of Ashdon, had retreated 
 to this great distance, under the hopes of recruiting his forces, and avoiding pursuit 
 from his rival; but in this he was mistaken. As the fullest account of this affair is 
 given by Ethelred abbot of Rievesby, that Chronicler shall supply the detail : 
 
 * Mythology of the Druids, pp. 351, 354. 1 U^ P- 3G0. 
 
 X Malmesb. Scriptor. p. Bed. fol, 5. § Ibid. || Id. 475. 
 
 % Holinshed, i. 574. ** Golden Legend, f. cxii. 1 f Furney. 
 
 XX Glouc. Abb. Reg. A. p. 9. MSS. Prinn. §§ Scriptor. p. Bed. f. 4S0. 
 
 nil XV Scriptorcs, ?63. ^^ Furnev. This fact is disputed. lid. 
 
 " Both
 
 ^2 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 " Both Kings often meeting in battle with large armies, either Edmund conquered, 
 or no one. For sometimes fighting from morning to evening, since Cnnth excelled 
 in numbers, Edmund in strength, at the arrival of night each retired, vast numbers 
 being slain, without victory; about to renew the combat, on the next day, with the 
 same result. At length both armies being wearied out, because they saw Edmund 
 daily increasing in strength, and Canute in foreign reinforcements, because fearing 
 for himself he had craftily made this arrangement, compel the two chieftains to a con- 
 ference. Among these, one older than the other arose, and, demanding silence, spoke 
 thus: [This speaker is in other historians the perfidious Edric, if not the assassin of 
 Edmund, as affirmed, at least the instrument of his ruin.] 
 
 " ' I desire, brave men, to offer my advice in these our dangers ; for though I am 
 inferior to you in wisdom, yet these wrinkles and grey hairs attest that I am superior 
 in atre; and, perhaps, what ingenuity is deficient in, practice has taught, and expe- 
 rience bestowed what knowledge has denied. Assuredly, we have seen and known 
 many things; our fathers besides have related many things ; and we require a hearing 
 deservedly, when we advance an opinion not doubtful concerning sure and plain 
 matters. A very hazardous affair is agitated ; we suffer bad things, we see worse, and 
 fear the worst. Every day we fight, but are neither conquered or conquerors ; nay, 
 we are conquered, and no one conquers. For how are tee not conquered, who are 
 wounded, who are oppressed, who are wearied, who are destitute of strength, who are 
 deprived of arms? Neither do we fly, when there is no one striking us, or strike when 
 valour fails on both sides. What will be the end of these wonderful things? When 
 will there be rest from this labour, tranquillity from this tempest, security from this 
 fear? Edmund is certainly invincible from his admirable bravery; Cmd is also 
 invincible from the favour of fortune. We are bruised; we are killed; we are dis- 
 persed ; we lose our sweet pledges; we expose our dearest connections to death. 
 But of this toil what fruit, what end, what reward, what emolument, I ask, will there 
 be, unless that, the armies being destroyed on both sides, the generals, compelled 
 by necessity, will either make peace, or fight alone vvitho\it troops ? Why do not they 
 do so then now? Surely, whilst we are alive, whilst we breathe, this would be done 
 more usefully, honourably, and safely. I ask, what is this insolence, nay violence, 
 nay madness ? England once was subject to many kings, and flourished in glory, and 
 abounded in riches. O ambition ! how, always blind, do you lose the whole by de- 
 siring the whole ! Why, I demand, does not that satisfy two kings, which formerly 
 was enough for five ? But if there is such a lust of tyrannizing, that Edmund disdains 
 an equal, Cnuth a superior, let them, I say, only fight who desire to rule alone; let 
 them only contend for the crown who wish only to be distinguished by it. Let the 
 generals themselves encounter the danger of the combat, that thus one may be con- 
 quered ; least, if the armies fight too often, all the soldiers being killed, there may be 
 none to command, none to defend the kingdom against foreigners.' 
 
 " While he was preparing to say more, all the people at once interrupted him, 
 shouting ' Either let them fight, or make peace,' The determination of the great men 
 
 was
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 33 
 
 was brought to the kings, and approved by them. Both therefore meeting with 
 their armies on the banks of the Severn, Edmund sat down with his men on the 
 western sliore, Cniitli on the eastern. But there is an island situate in the midst of 
 the river, which is railed " Holenghege," to which the kings being carried, protected 
 with the most splendid arms, enter upon the single combat, both nations behold- 
 ing. But when the strength of their spears failed, both from the valour of those 
 who pushed them, as well as the resistance of their very strong shields, they assail 
 each other hand to hand with drawn swords. They fought stoutly, Valour assisting 
 Edmund, Fortune Cnuth ; the swords rattle around their helmet-protected heads; 
 sparks fly out from the collision of the metals; but when anger, as is usual from 
 the very emotion of war, inflamed the most robust bosom of EdmuntI, he becomes 
 more powerful by his blood warming him ; he raises his right hand, brandishes his 
 sword, and iterates his blows upon the head of his enemy with such vehemence that 
 he seemed to the spectators not so much to strike as to thunder. For the fire bursting 
 out between the sword and helmet at every blow, seemed not only to appear, but 
 even to blaze. Cuutli however perceiving by his shorter breathing that his strength 
 was failing him, thought of addressing the youth upon the subject of peace; but, as 
 he was crafty, fearing lest, if his failure should appear to the youth, he would not 
 hear even a word of peace, collecting all his spirit within him, and straining what 
 strength he had left to the utmost, with admirable valour he rushes in one attack 
 upon Edmund ; and by and by withdrawing himself a little, begs the young man to 
 halt a moment, and give a hearing to what he wished to say. 
 
 " He, as he was of a good-natured temper, letting down the lower part of his shield 
 to the ground, leaned upon the upper, and sloping his sword in his right hand, at- 
 tended to the words of the speaker. Then C'imth says, ' Hitherto I have been 
 desirous of your kingdom — now, bravest of men, I am more desirous of you yourself, 
 whom I see proper to be set over, 1 do not say the kingdom of England, but as it were 
 the whole world. Denmark has yielded to me — Norway has succumbed to me — 
 the King of Sweden has held out his hand to me — and your admirable valour has 
 yet more than once eluded the force of my attack, which 1 believed no man living 
 was able to sustain. Wherefore, although Fortune may have promised me to be 
 victorious every where, yet your wonderful probity has so aflfected me in your fa- 
 vour, that I desire you above measure for a friend, and wish you to be a partner of 
 the kingdom. I wish that you may have an equal regard for me, that as 1 may reign 
 with you in England, you may reign with mc in Denmark. Surely if your valour 
 should be added to my good luck, Norway will fear — Sweden will tremble — and 
 Gaul itself, accustomed to wars, will be in trepidation.' What further? Edmund 
 assents — and Cnuth agrees concerning the division of the kingdom. For he yielded 
 to words, who had not submitted to suortis; and he is bent by eloquence, whom arms 
 could not turn. Therefore laying aside their arms, they rush into an embrace — both 
 armies exulting, the clergy also resounding 7'e Dcum with a loud voice. Afterwards, 
 in token of the agreement, they change their garment and arms, and returning to tiieir 
 
 F ])cople,
 
 34 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 people, dictate the form of the treaty, and so every man returns joyfully to his 
 home*." 
 
 How, according to this account, Edmund was duped by Canute, is obvious. Ca- 
 nute was a man of mean stature, and much overmatched. It is, however, asserted 
 by some Chroniclers, that Edmund offered single combat, whicli Canute refused on 
 account of personal inferiority. Others say, with more probability, that after the de- 
 feat at Ashdon, Edmund sent to Canute, to otier peace and divide half the kingdom 
 with him ; to which Canute assented, because Edmund, being in his own country, 
 could repair his loss of men before the Danes could do the same-|~. The meeting be- 
 tween the two sovereigns was therefore held at Olney, from the numbers on both sides 
 requiring room, though there might have been no single combat. It is certain that 
 Edmund came here to recruit, Malmsbury says, almost ahne\. 
 
 "Not long after, Edmund," says Knighton, " being in the fifth year of his reign, 
 at this city, because his barons suspected him to be a traitor and subverter of the 
 common weal of the realm, inasmuch as he was too much inclined to the Danes, 
 and preferred their counsel to that of his own faithful liegemen, incurred tiie death 
 below written. Of his death there are many opinions, but one may suffice for all, 
 since he was killed by the treachery of Edric. This Edric invited Edmund to 
 dinner, and after dinner, when he entered a chamber, he saw a loft or projection, 
 with an image in the likeness of an archer, holding a bow in his hand, extended with 
 an arrow. The king admiring it, approached nearer, and when he had touched the 
 image with his hand, it immediately discharged the arrow and killed the king. For 
 the traitor Edric devised by witchcraft in this form to kill his lord, that thus he 
 might render himself dearer to Canute. Some say, that Edmund having retired to 
 the necessities of nature, Edric concealed himself, and pierced the king in the pudenda. 
 Others affirm, that he bribed Edmund's chamberlains to assassinate him in his bed. 
 Whatever was the manner of his death, he plainly perished by the treason of Edric §." 
 
 In 1048 Edward the Confessor sent to all his Thanes, and ordered them to assemble 
 here a little after the feast of the Virgin Mary, the Welsh having committed aggres- 
 sions in Herefordshire ||. 
 
 Here it is fit to make an explanatory observation. The kings of England changed 
 their places of residence so frequently, partly on account of not burthening their sub- 
 jects, through procurations, by too long stay in one place, and partly to be on spots 
 most convenient for business, according to local occurrences. Thus palace meant a 
 place of short residence, fronj palor to wander^; and Gloucester being a strong place 
 by nature, and secured by the Severn, was a favourite point of rendezvous when expe- 
 ditions against the South-Welsh were necessary. 
 
 * Decern Scriptores, col. 3C4, 3ti:>. f Holinshed, I. 7'26. 
 
 i Scriptor. p. Bed. fol. 40. The Saxon Chronicle, (p. l.'SO,) does not mention the duel ; only a ire.ity, 
 made by a meeting at Olney. 
 
 § Decern Scriptores, col. ^3 16,' 23 17. 1| Chron. Sax. 163. If Ducange. 
 
 (c 
 
 In
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 3T> 
 
 " In the year 1051," says Holinshed, " Eustace, Earl of Bologne, tliat was father 
 mito the vaHant Godfrey of Bnllongue, and Baldwin, both afterwards kings of Hieru- 
 salem, came over into England in the month of September to visit his brother-in- 
 law king Edward, whose sister, named Goda, he had married, she then being the wi- 
 dow of Gualter de Maunt, He found the king (Edward the Confessor) at Gloucester, 
 and being there ioifullie received, after he had once dispatched such matters for the 
 whiche he chieflie came, he took leave and returned homeward. But at Canturburie 
 one of his herbingers dealing roughlie with one of the citizens about a lodging which 
 he sought to have, rather by force than by intreatance, occasioned his owne death. 
 Whereof, when the erie was advertised, he hasted thither to revenge the slaughter 
 of his servant, and slue both that citizen which had killed his man, and eighteene 
 others. 
 
 "The citizens herewith, in a great furie, got them to armor, and set upon the earle 
 and his retinue, of whom they slue twentie persons out of hand, and wounded a great 
 number of the residue, so that the earle might scarse escape with one or two of his 
 men from the fraie, and with all speed returned back to the king, presenting grievous 
 information against them of Canturburie for their cruell using of him, not only in 
 sleaing of his servants, but also in putting him in danger of his life. The king 
 crediting the earle was highlie offended against the citizens, and with all speed sending 
 for Earle Goodwine, declared unto him in greevous wise the rebellious act of them of 
 Canturburie, which were under his jurisdiction. 
 
 " The earle, who was a man of a bold courage and quicke wit, did perceive that 
 the matter was made a great deale woorse at the first in the beginning than of like- 
 lihood it would proove in the end, thought it reason therefore that first the answere 
 of tlie Kentishmen should be heard before anie sentence were given against them. 
 Hereuj)on. although the king commanded him foorthwith to go with an armie into 
 Kent, and to punish them of Canturburie in most rigorous maner; yet he would not 
 be too hastie, but refused to execute the king's commandment, both for that he bare 
 a peece of grudge in his mind that the king should favour strangers so highlie as he 
 did; and againe because heereby he should seem to do pleasure to his countriemen 
 in taking upon him to defend their cause against the rough accusations of such as 
 had accused them. Wherefore he declared to the king, that it should be convenient 
 to have the supposed offenders first called afore him, and if they were able to excuse 
 themselves, then to be suffered to depart without further vexation: and if they were 
 found faultie, then to be put to their fine, both as well in satisfieng the king, whose 
 peace they had broken, as also the earle, whom they had indamaged. 
 
 "Earle Goodwine departed thus from the king, leaving him in a great furie: 
 howbeit he passed litle thereof, supposing it would ilot long continue. But the king 
 called a great assemblie of his lords togither at Ciloccster, that the matter might be 
 more deepelie considered. Siward, Earle of Northuniborland, and Leofrike, Earle 
 of Chester, with Hafe, Earle of Herofortl, the king's neijhuc by his sister Goda, 
 and all other the noble men of the realine, onlie earle Goodwine and liis sonnes ment 
 i . not
 
 36 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 not to come there, except they might bring with them a great power of armed men. 
 and so remained at Beverstone, with such bands as they had leavied, under a colour 
 to resist the Welshmen, whome they bruted abroad to be readie to invade the marches 
 about Hereford. But the Welshmen preventing that slander, signified to the king 
 that no such matter was ment on their parties, but that Earle Goodwine and his 
 sonnes with their complices went about to moove a commotion against him. Heere- 
 upon a rumor was raised in the court that the king's power should shortlie march 
 foorth to assaile Earle Goodwine in that place, where he was lodged. Whereupon 
 the same earle prepared himselfe, and sent to his friends, willing to sticke to this 
 quarrel!, and if the king should go about to force them, then to withstand him, 
 rather than to yeeld and suffer themselves to be troden under foot by strangers. 
 Goodwine in this meane time had got togithcr a great power of his countries of Kent, 
 Southerie, and other of the West parts. Svvaine likewise had assembled much people 
 out of his countries of Barkeshire, Oxfordshire, Summersetshire, Herefordshire, and 
 Glocestershire. And Harold was also come to them with a great multitude which 
 he had levied in Essex, Norflblke, Sutfold (sic), Cambridgeshire, and Huntington- 
 shire. 
 
 "On the other part, the earles that were with the king, Leofrike, Siward, and 
 Rafe, raised all the power which they might make, and the same approching to Glo- 
 cester, the king thought himself in more suertie than before, in so much that whereas 
 Earle Goodwine (who lay with his armie at Langton [Longtree] there not farre off in 
 Glocestershire), had sent unto the king, requiring that the Earle of Bullongue, with 
 the other Frenchmen, and also the Normans, which held the castell of Dover, might 
 be delivered unto him. The king, though at the first he stood in great doubt what 
 to doo, yet hearing now that an armie of his friends was comming, made answer to 
 the messengers which Goodwine had sent, that he would not deliver a man of those 
 whome Goodwine required ; and heerewith the said messengers being departed, the 
 king's armie entered into Glocester, and such readie good wils appeered in them all to 
 fight with the adversaries, that if the king would have permitted they would foorth- 
 with have gone out and given battell to the eninjies. 
 
 " Thus the matter was at point to have put the realme in hazard, not onelie of a 
 field, but of utter ruine, that might thereof have insued ; for what on the one part 
 and the other, there were assembleil the chiefest lords and most able personages of 
 the land. But by the wisedome and good advise of Earl Leofrike and others, the 
 matter was pacified for a time, and order taken that they should come to a parlia- 
 ment, or communication at London*;" [but (iodwin came no further than South- 
 wark, and his men deserting, he fled.] 
 
 This is an important historical incident, for it shews, in this early periotl, tiie old 
 English spirit of liberty, and tluir dislike of foreigners. The king, who had acted 
 unjustly from the influence of Norman ministers, was obliged the next year to dismiss, 
 and even outlaw them. 
 
 * Holinshed, vol. I. p. 742, 743, 744. 
 
 In
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 37 
 
 In 1053, Hoes, brother of Griffin, King of the South Welsh, on account of his 
 frequent predatory ravages in the place called Bulendun, was put to death by order of 
 Edward, and his head brought to him at Gloucester on the vigil of the Epiphany*. 
 
 In 10,")5, the Welsh having invaded Herefordshire, an army was assembled here 
 under the command of Harold to subdue them -|~. 
 
 In 106'3, Harold, by order of Edward the Confessor, set out with a few cavalry from 
 this place, where the King was then stopping, to punish Griffin the Welsh king for 
 his incursions;}:. 
 
 Tramlutinn of the Domesday Survey. 
 
 " In King Edward's time, the city of Gloucester paid thirty-six pounds in money, 
 twelve sextaries [^gallons'] of honey, according to the measure of the burgh ; thirty-six 
 dicres of iron [each of (en bars'] ; a hundred iron rods drawn out for the nails of the 
 King's ships [Blount says (Jocular Tenures, p. 33), iron rods, icroiight into a fit size 
 for making nails]; and some other small customs in the King's hall and chamber. 
 Now this city pays the King sixty pounds, twenty in ora; and of money the King 
 hath twenty." 
 
 [(iirakius Cambrensis says, that the Severn flows through Gloucester, '' ferream 
 atqne fabrilem," i.e. famous for iron works and smithery. Smythe ssiys f Lives uj 
 the lierhieijs, MS. p. 856), iron ore was anciently brought from the forest of Dean, 
 and worked at Rerkeley and other places, down to the time of James I. by purchasers 
 of timber; but the custom was given up, because it did not pay; i. e. men used to 
 purchase woods in ditl'erent parts of the country, and then fetch iron ore to work 
 it up.] 
 
 " In the demesne lands of the King, Rogerius de Berchelai holds one house, and 
 one fishery in the vill, and it is out of the Kings hands. Balduinus held it in King 
 Edward's time. 
 
 " Osbernus Episcojjus [Exow] holds the land and mansions which Edmarus held. 
 They pay ten shillings, with other custom. 
 
 " Gaufridus de Manneville holds six mansions. In King Edward's time, these paid 
 six shillings and eight j)ence, with other custom. 
 
 " Willielmus Baderon, two mansions, of thirty pence. 
 
 " Willielmus Scriba holds one mansion, of fifty-one pence. 
 
 " Rogerius de Laci, one mansion, of twenty-six ])enco. 
 
 " Osbernus Episcoi)us, one mansion, of forty-one pence. 
 
 " Bernerus, one mansion, of fourteen pence. 
 
 " Willielmus Calvus, one mansion, of twelve pence. 
 
 " Dnrandus the Sheriff, two mansions, of fourteen pence. The same Dnrandu.- 
 holds one mansion, of twenty-six pence, and another mansion, which pays no 
 custom. 
 
 * Hovedcn, S<r. ii. Red. ITA. Aiigl. Sacr. 1. 2.3'). 
 
 t Hovedcn, Scr. i>. Hed. 'Z'^i. b. X Hovedcn. Scrip, p. Dcd. f. 355. 
 
 " Hade-
 
 .S8 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 " Hadewinus holds one mansion which pays gabel, but witholds other custom. 
 
 " Gosbertus, one mansion; Dunning, one mansion; Widardus, one mansion; 
 Arnulfus the priest, one mansion, which pays gabel, and witholds other custom. 
 
 " All these mansions paid royal custom in the time of King Edward. Now 
 King William hath nothing thence, nor Rotbertus his minister. 
 
 " These mansions were in the farm of King Edward when he was alive, and after 
 his death ; but now they are taken away from the farm and custom of the King. In 
 King Edward's time there was demesne of the King in the city, all his entertainment 
 and clothing. When Earl William was received to farm, he was likewise clothed. 
 
 " There were sixteen houses, where the castle stands, which are now wanting [de- 
 molished], and in the burgh of the city fourteen that are waste." 
 
 " The number (says Archdeacon Furnev) of burgages and houses, with the names 
 of the owners, specified in the above account, are twenty-three, besides sixteen which 
 were demolished for the building of the castle, fourteen that were waste, and some 
 that belonged to Osbernus that are not numbered ; but they yielded the yearly rent 
 of ten shillings, which at five pence or six pence a house, the usual rate of houses in 
 Gloucester at that time, will produce twenty in number. Besides these, are men- 
 tioned in the same Survey, under the titles of several owners of lands, as Terra S'ti 
 Dyonisii, &c. about eighty-two in all. Under the title Terra S. Petri de Glouec", it is 
 said, " In King Edward's time. Saint Feter in Glooccestre had from its burgages 
 XIX sol. and v den. and xvi salmons; now it hath the same number of salmons and 
 1. so/." In this instance also the number of burgages is not mentioned ; but, 
 according to the above calculation, we may well suppose them to be a hundred. 
 Admitting then this calculation, the total of burgages and houses taken notice of in 
 Domesday are about two hundred and fifty-five." 
 
 Before proceeding to the next articles, it is necessary to observe that our Kings 
 were anciently crowned more than once, as at different festivals ; but the custom 
 was abolished from inconvenience. Accordingly the Archdeacon observes, 
 
 " King William the Conqueror, every year, when his affairs vvonhl permit him, 
 kept his Christmas here; and to render this assembly more grand, magnificent, and 
 sumptuous, and that the ambassadors of foreign nations might admire the appearance 
 of the company, he by his royal edicts was attended by all the Archbishops, Bishops, 
 Abbots, Earls, Thanes, and Knights. He wore his crown, and made a grand and 
 delicate fare. The great men appeared in golden or very splendid robes, which were 
 caWed festiva indumenta; and the town found much of his entertainment and clothing, 
 as it did for his successors when at this place. He was at no time more courteous, 
 gentle, and kind, than at such assemblies, so that those who came might see that his 
 bounty equalled his riches." 
 
 Brompton observes, that it was the custom of the Conqueror to keep his Christmas 
 here*; and Mr. Lysons presumes that he held his Parliaments m the Chapter-house 
 of the Abbey, now the Library of the Cathedral ; and it was probably also the place 
 
 * Decern Scriptore*, 979. 
 
 of
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 39 
 
 in which in IO76 Lanfranc Archbishop of Canterbury, after consecrating Peter Bishop 
 of Lichfield in the church, held a synod, in which he deposed Wulfretul Abbot of 
 CroylancI *. 
 
 In lOS,-,, William held a parliament here for five days, and the Archbishop and 
 Clergy a synod of three days. The King then gave Bishopricks to three of his chap- 
 lains ; and in this Parliament he ratified the common law of England, which obtained 
 in preceding times -|-. 
 
 In 1087, the King (William I.) is recorded for having held here his Christmas 
 Court, as at other times:};. 
 
 In 1093 (or, according to others, in IO95), William de Owe, or Auco, with his 
 Welsh confederates, in an insurrection to depose William Rufus, assaulted and greatly 
 damaged the town and neighbourhood. He took up arms in behalf of Robert Court- 
 hose, brother of William. 
 
 From the perpetual removals of the Court, of which the custom has been men- 
 tioned before, and their want of maintenance, except from their demesnes and pro- 
 curations (i. e. impressment of provisions), William Rufus, being taken seriously ill 
 at the roval town of Alvestan, hastened to Gloucester, and there lay ill during the 
 whole of Lent. He then promised various reforms in his conduct; and some pre- 
 lates, taking advantage of his situation, caused Malcolm King of Scots to come to 
 Gloucester, that a firm peace might be made; but William, from pride and power, 
 disdained to speak with him, or even to see him ^. 
 
 Malcolm and William Rufus, says Knighton, departed without agreement, be- 
 cause William demanded homage of the King of Scots in any Court in England, 
 wherever the former should be; but Malcolm refused, except in the confines of both 
 kingdoms, as was usual]'. Malcolm came to solicit peace of William upon equal 
 conditions; but animosity and disdain prevented his success any further than permis- 
 sion to return home in safety^. 
 
 In 1101, the city, with its principal monasterv, was burnt**; and in 112^ it 
 suffered a similar calamity '|-j-'. 
 
 At his Court held here the next year, great complaints and menaces were sent to 
 the King by his brother Robert's ambassadors, concerning the King's misbehaviour 
 towards him; and at Christmas he held another great Council |:}:. In 1100 he held 
 his Court here; this was the year of his death §§. The Christmas feast was very 
 splendid |li|. 
 
 In 1123, while King Henry I. was holding his Court here, upon the Purification of 
 the Virgin Mary, a great Council was held concerning the election of an archbishoj) of 
 Canterbury ^[^. 
 
 Upon the arrival of the Enij)ress Maud in 1 140, " liir brother earle Robert, leaving 
 his sister in the castle of Arundell, rode with all speed unto Gloucester thorough his 
 
 * Decern Scrij)torcs, 1664. f Chron. Saxon. Sciiptor. p. Bed. '263, 342. t ^^ Paris, p. 10. 
 
 ^ Scrii)tor. p. Bed. 265. II Dec. Scriptor. col. 2365. 1[ Script, p. Bod. f. 268. 
 
 ** Leland's Collect, iii. 31S. In 1 102. .Angl. Sacr. i. 297- ft Angl. Sacr. i. 298. J J Furney. 
 
 §§ Cliron. Sax. p. 207- II II M- I'aris, p. 4-1. HH Decern Scriptons, 2S0. 
 
 enimies
 
 40 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 enimies countrie, not taking with him past la men of armes, and as manie arcliers on 
 horsebacke, that, upon his coming thither, he might leviean armie with so much speed 
 as was possible. Now when he came to Glocester, though the citie was kept with a 
 garrison of soldiours placed there by King Stephen, yet the townesmen, after they 
 lieard that their earle was approched to the gates, they drove out the garrison, and 
 received him into the towne, where he remained a time, partHe to assemble an armie, 
 and partlieto practise with other townes and CAst\est/iereabonfsto revolt unto his sister*." 
 
 Thus the whole country, down to the extremities of Wales, partly by force, partly 
 by good-will, came into the Empress's party. At this period Stephen-^, when captive, 
 was conducted here to the Empress ; and she herself, in one of her hair-breadth escapes, 
 was brought to this town, in a horse-litter, like a corpse |. 
 
 The unfortunate captivity of Robert earl of Gloucester ruined the aflairs of the Em- 
 press Maud ^. 
 
 In 1172, says archdeacon Furney, from the Welsh history, Jorworth, Lord of Caer- 
 leon upon Uske, gathered all his friends and forces together, and without mercy de- 
 stroyed all the country with fire and sword, even to the gates of Hereford and Gloucester. 
 
 In 1175, Henry II. and his son Henry, on the festival of Peter and Paul, held a 
 great Council here, together with Rees ap Griffin and other petty kings of Wales, 
 when the King ordered his Welsh, English, and French homagers to stand by him 
 firmly against the Welsh, if the latter made any incursions upon the King's territories; 
 and to this he had the Earl of Gloucester and other peers sworn ||. 
 
 In 1189, William the Legate, Protector of the Kingdom, in the absence of Richard 
 the First, held a synod here *^. 
 
 In 1210, such a hard frost began on the vigil of the Circumcision, that the Severn 
 and the other rivers were frozen to four miles above Gloucester, so that it was passable 
 for men and horses, and lasted to Valentine's day **. 
 
 In 1216, when the Barons in arms against King John had brought over Lewis, son 
 of the French King, Gualo the Pope's Legate hastened to the King, '•' then sojourning 
 in this city;" and immediately after excommunicated Lewis and his party -|"|'. 
 
 Henry III. was enabled to be crowned at Gloucester, because he was supported by 
 William Marshall earl of Pembroke, who had the command of the whole country from 
 
 Ross to Chepstow :{::}:. 
 
 In 1216 (says Holinshed), "immediately after the death of King John, M^illiani 
 Marshall earle of Pembroke, generall of his father's armie, brought this yoong prince 
 [Henry III.], with his brother and sisters, unto Glocester, and there called a councell 
 of all such lords as had taken part with King John. 
 
 " Anon, after it was once openlie knovvne that the sonnes and daughters of the late 
 e deceassed prince were brought into a place of safetie, a great number of the lords 
 and chiefe barons of the realme hasted thither (I meane not onelie such as had holden 
 
 * Holinshed, i. 97- f Script, p. Bed. fol. 104. JGervasCant. Brompton. Dec. Scriptor. col. 1030. 
 I) Richardson's Godwin, p. 215. || Decern Script. 1102. ^ Decern Scriptores, 520. 
 
 ** Angl.Sacr. i. 4S0, 4S1. tt Holinshed, ii. p. 112. ij Decern Scriptores, C429. 
 
 with
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 41 
 
 with King John, but also diverse other, which upon certeine knowledge had of his 
 death were newlie revolted from Lewis), in purpose to aid yoong King Henrie, to 
 whome of right the crowne did appertaine." 
 
 " Thitlier also came V'allo, or Guallo, the Pope's Legat (an earnest defender of the 
 King's cause), with Peter Bishop of Winchester, and Jocelin Bishop of Bath; also 
 Ranulph earle of Chester, William Ferrers earle of Derbie, John Marshall, and Philip 
 de Albenie, with diverse other lords and peeres of the relme, and a great number of 
 abbats and priors, who b}' and by fell to councell togither what waie should be best to 
 take for the good order of things now, in so doubtful! and perilous a time as this. 
 The peeres of the realme being thus assembled, William earle of Pembroke, bringing 
 the yoong King into their presence, and setting him before them, spake these words 
 following: 
 
 " The Earle of Pemhrolis short and sweet Oration, as it is borrowed out of Maister 
 
 Fox. 
 
 " ' Behold, Right honourable and well-beloved, although we have persecuted the 
 father of this yoong prince for his evill demeanor, and worthiiie, yet this yoong child 
 whome heere you see before you, as he is in years tender, so is he pure and innocent 
 from those his father's dooings. Wherefore, in so much as everie man lies charged 
 onelie with the burthen of his owne works and transgressions, neither shall the child (as 
 the Scripture teacheth us) beare the iniquitie of his father; we ought therefore of 
 dutie and conscience to pardon this yoong and tender prince, and take compassion of his 
 age as ye see. And now, for so much as he is the King's naturall and eldest sonne, and 
 must he our sovereigne King, and successour in this kingdome, come and let us ap- 
 point him our King and governour; let us remove from us this Lewis the French king's 
 Sonne, and suppresse his people, which are a confusion and shame to our nation ; and 
 the yoke of their servitude let us cast fron) ott'our shoulders.' 
 
 " When the barons had heard this carle's words, after some silence and conference 
 had, they allowed of hissaiengs; and immediatlie, with one consent, proclaimed the 
 yoong gentleman King of England, whome the Bishops of Winchester and Bath did 
 crowne and annoint, with all due solemnities, at Glocester, upon the day of the Feast of 
 the Apostles Simon and .lude, in presence of the Legat *." 
 
 In 1233, the King prohibited the Clergy about to convene here from doing any thing 
 prejudicial to the King or Kingdom-}-. It was in allusion to the Pope; for, instances 
 appear, in Wilkins's Councils, of the King's wholly prohibiting their session on this 
 very account; and he had a j)roctor for this purpose, who attended all their synods. 
 
 In 1233, Richard Earl Marshal, and other barons in confederacy against Henry III. 
 not attending the Parliament at Westminster for fear of apprehension, the King, by 
 the advice of his Ministers, appointed a general meeting here of the military tenants 
 on the Sunday before the .Assumption of the Virgin Mary ; and the rebellious barons 
 declining to come, he proscribed them, and confiscated their estates |. 
 
 * Holinshcd, II. 3J0, 341. 1 Pat. IS lien. III. | M. Paris, 326. 
 
 G On
 
 42 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 On the morrow of the Virgin Mary, numerous armed foreigners landed at Dover, 
 and came to the King here. Upon the accession of this and other mihtary aid, Henry 
 advanced his numerous army to Hereford *. Tlie Earl Marshal having taken a castle 
 in Wales, Henry HI. in 1233, ordered another meeting of the military tenants in arms 
 upon the morrow of All Saints; and having thus again collected a large army, marched 
 from hence to Hereford. Not staying long, he entered Wales to devastate the lands of 
 the Earl Marshal, but could not proceed for want of provisions beyond Grosmount-^. 
 
 In the same year, Henry HI. receiving much loss on his Welsh expedition, returned 
 i)ere, where he continued till the next year;};. 
 
 In 1234, Henry, finding it necessary to make peace, dismissed his obnoxious minis- 
 ter and other foreigners, as well as sent the Archbishop of Canterbury and other Pre- 
 lates to Lewellin Prince of Wales, and the Earl Marshal, to negociate a Treaty. The 
 King came after Easter to this place, and, from the advice of his ambassadors, appointed 
 a parliament to be held here (4 Cal. Jan.), for the reconciliation of all differences ^. 
 
 In 1234, the King at Christmas held his Court here, but with a very small com- 
 pany, because many great men, who had been surprized a little before at Grosmount 
 by the Earl Marshal, and stripped of all their equipage, had deserted Henry ||. 
 
 In 1234, and following years, Thomas Lord Berkeley was employed by the King's 
 Commission of Oyer and Terminer, as well for the delivery of the gaol of Gloucester, 
 upon trial of the prisoners before him, as to hear and determine divers writs of assize 
 of novel disseisin, and other actions between party and party ^. 
 
 In the beginning of 1235, the King was staying at Gloucester with the Bishop of 
 Winchester in a weak condition, because he had no military forces with which he 
 dared to meet his enemies **. 
 
 David having imprisoned Griffin his brother, son of Lewellin Prince of Wales, the 
 father promised Henry the subjugation of W^ales, if he would effect his liberation. 
 Allured by this offer, the King, intending to enter Wales in a hostile form, ordered 
 all those who held of him to meet him here with horses and arms in the beeinnins of 
 the autumn of 124I ■jf-\-. 
 
 In 1258, upon the vigil of St. John the Baptist, an immense inundation ensued 
 through heavy rains ; and all the shores of the Severn, from Shrewsbury to Bristol, 
 were so flooded, that several adults, innumerable children and animals, were drowned :}:|. 
 
 The important events of the year 1 264- 1 265, are given in the History of the Castle. 
 In 1264, there was a battle here between the men of Lyme and Dartmouth. The King 
 was also here ^'^. 
 
 In 1270, Thomas Lord Berkeley was fined ^.20, for joining Roger Clifford in 
 rebellion, before the Justices Itinerant then sitting here ||||. 
 
 In 1278, King Edward I. held a Parliament here (Furney says) in the long work- 
 house of the abbey, on which spot is built the house now extending from that belong- 
 
 * M. Paris, 326. f Id. 3'i8. 1 Holinshed, II. 375. 376. § M. Paris, 340. 
 
 II Ibid. 332. ^ Pat. 16, 17, 25 Hen. III. ** M. Paris, 382. ft Ibid. 506. 
 
 J J Ibid. 632. §§ Pat. 49 Hen. III. |l|| Claus. 55 Hen. III.
 
 (iENERAL IIISTOKY. 43 
 
 ing (o the deanery on the East to the gate leading to the Miller's (ireen on the West; 
 and summoned to it all persons, to shew by what authority and titles they held their 
 lands, or claimed their privileges, according to statute of Qku Jrurranto; and, to pre- 
 vent the great mischiefs, damages, and disherisons, which the people had before suf- 
 fered through, the default of the laws. Several laws were then enacted, which have 
 ever since gone by the name of the Statutes of Gloucester. 
 
 In 1287, the Justices Itinerant sat from the Festival of the close of Easter to that 
 of St. John the Baptist *. 
 
 In 12S5), the townsmen complained that the powerful persons of the place often 
 tallaged them in a short time without a cause; and supplicated the King [Edward I.] 
 to institute an enquiry into the cause of these tallages, the quantity of the same, what 
 became of the money, and to what use it was applied. Giles de Berkeley and the 
 sheriti' were accordingly assigned to investigate the matter, and to certify the King and 
 Council upon it-|-. " . 
 
 In 1312, Maurice [third] Lord Berkeley was made sole Conservator of the Peace at 
 this place, and Governor of the town; and hoard and determined such complaints in 
 criminal causes as were committed in that town and the liberty thereof |'. 
 
 The King [Edward II.] being here, thought himself scarcely safe, through assemblies 
 in the Marches of Wales, and wrote to Thomas Lord Berkeley and Maurice his son, 
 saying that divers malcontents went up and down the kingdom, sowing lies, and raising 
 scandal against him. He also ordered a Parliament to meet here. This was in 1320 ^. 
 
 In 1321, Thomas Earl of Lancaster, and other Barons in arms against the Despen- 
 sers, occupied Gloucester; but the King was then here, and, marching to Shrewsbury, 
 where he gained a victory over the Mortimers, returned from thence to this place j|. 
 
 Holinshed thus describes the same event : In 1321, when the Barons rose against 
 the Spencers, the Earl of Hereford, Lord Roger Mortimer of Chirke, and Lord Roger 
 Mortimer of Wigmore, took this city ; the castle being also surrendered unto them by 
 the Constable. The Earl staid here for some time; but, leaving it to join the Earl of 
 Lancaster at Pomfret, the King (Edward II.) recovered the city, and, coming here, 
 condemed the slierifi' of Hereford to be hanged, because he had taken part against 
 him with the Barons. Maurice Lord Berkeley also came to the King, during his 
 stay here, submitting himself to the royal pleasure^}. 
 
 In 1321, through a temporary success of Edward the Second, John (iiffbrd and 
 Roger de Elmesbridge, traitors in rebellion, were hanged at Gloucester **. 
 
 In 1322, when the King (Edward II.) proclaimed an amnesty to all the rebels who 
 would submit themselves, those who had been at the capture of this city were ex- 
 cepted -|"|-. 
 
 * Angl. Sacr. I. 508. 1 Pari. 18 Ed. I. t Pa'- G Ed. 11. 
 
 § Claus. and Pail. 14 Ed, II. 1| Decern Scrip. 2539. ^ Holinshed, II. 564, scq. 
 
 ** Dec. Script. 'iSiib. ft Holinshed, II. 565. 
 
 When
 
 44 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 When the " she-wolf of France," Isable queen of Edward II. was in arms against 
 her king, in the year 1326, and was arrived at Oxford, " she went straight unto Glo- 
 cester, and sent before hir unto Bristow the Earle of Kent, the King's brother, Sir 
 John of Hennegew, with other, to take the Earle of Winchester [Despenser, left in 
 custody of Bristol]. In the mean time there came to the queen at this place, the Lord 
 Percie, the Lord Wake, and diverse other, as well from the North parts, as foorth of 
 the inarches of Wales, so that hir armie hugehe increased*." 
 
 Li 13!)6, Edward III. grants a fair yearly, to endure for seven days, viz. the eve and 
 day of John the Baptist, and five succeeding days; which King Richard II. confirmed f 
 in 1377 and in 139S. Mr. Smythe notes the eminence of the fairs held here about this 
 time Even noblemen used to attend them to buy among other things agricultural 
 implements; so that the ancient celebrity of the place in the iron trade then probablv 
 much flourished. 
 
 In 1378, 2 Rich. II. " about the feast of St. Luke, a parlement was holden at Glo- 
 cester for the displeasure (as was thought) which some of the councell had conceived 
 against the Londoners, or rather (as some tooke it) for feare of them, least if any thing 
 were doone contrarie to their minds, they should be about to hinder it, if the Parlement 
 had beene kept neere them; for manie things (as some judged) were meant to have 
 beene put foorth and concluded in this Parlement. albeit few in effect came to passe 
 of those matters that were surmised, saving that it was inacted that the King should 
 have a marke of the merchants for everie sacke of their woolles, and some other 
 taxes |." This is a curious historical incident, because it betrays the motives why 
 Parliaments were not held anciently in stated places. As the Art of Printing and Post 
 Offices did not then exist, secrecv must have been much aided by holding the assem- 
 blies in distant parts. But it seems that in those days the Londoners were so dis- 
 posed to insurrections, that removal of the Parliaments was necessary 1^. In this 
 Parliament, the people of this town and other cities made complaint that, as they 
 were used to travel in the parts of Wales to victual their town, and carry on trade 
 to gain a subsistence, they vAcre hindered by distresses, taken where they were not 
 debtors or trespassers, nor could recover their debts ; so that they dared not travel in 
 those parts, nor trade there j]. Archdeacon Furney adds that, in this Parliament, 
 there were great bickerings between the temporal Lords and the Bishops, each com- 
 plaining of the others incroachments. It continued twenty-eight days, and much busi- 
 ness was dispatched therein. On the day of the rising of this Parliament, November I6, 
 Simon de Sudbury Archbishop of Canterbury held a provincial council in a chamber 
 within the abbey, and made a decree concerning the stipends of priests. 
 
 Archdeacon Furney notes, that in the year I407, Henry IV. held a parliament here, 
 wherein several laws were enacted ; it continued forty-four or fifty-four days, and Mr. 
 Prynne affirms, that the members of it husbanded well their time for the King's 
 
 * Holinshed, II. 58'2. f Corporation Papers, MSS. Piinn. + Holinshed, II. 721. 
 
 § Id. II. 734. II Pailiani. Rolls, 2 Ric. 11. 
 
 and
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 45 
 
 and kingdom's advantage. Thus they: but Hohnshed says, in 1407, g Henry IV. 
 Oct. 20, a parHament was begun to be held in this city, but soon after removed to 
 London *. 
 
 In 1420, February 15th, says Archdeacon Furney, King Henry V. held a parlia- 
 ment here, which was adjourned to Westminster in about a fortnight. 
 
 The patent rolls of the second of Henry VL shew that a parliament was held here 
 by Humphry Duke of Gloucester, in order to the denization of his Dutchess. 
 
 The parliament rolls of the eighth of this King shew the complaints of the cities 
 of Gloucester, Worcester, and Bristol, that the Welsh of the Marches, and other pri- 
 vileged places, where the King's writ did not run, seized their dregs and floats, in or- 
 der to compel the hiring of their own trows, to carry their goods, and give them what 
 they pleased to ask f. 
 
 The parliament rolls of the year following complain of divers gallies lying in wait on 
 the Severn, in order to seize the boats of the people of Glouecester and Worcester. 
 
 In 14f)2, one Brooke was lying in wait, says Stowe, for Richard Duke of York at 
 this place. 
 
 In 146'!, the Earl of March (afterwards King Edward IV.) was lying at this city, 
 when he received the news of the loss of the battle of Wakefield, and decollation of 
 his father Richard Duke of York. He was wonderfully amazed at the news; but the 
 people on the Northern Marches of Wales, being strongly attached to the line of Mor- 
 timer, consoled him, and he removed to Shrewsbury, in order to raise forces:};. 
 
 In 1471, just before the battle of Tewkesbury, while Edward the Fourth was en- 
 camped at Sodbury, Hohnshed says, " About three of the clocke after midnight, he 
 [the King] was advertised, that his eniuiics had taken their waie by Berkelie, towards 
 Glocester. Hereupon, taking advise of his councell, what was best to doo, he was 
 counselled to send some of his servants with all speed unto Glocester to Richard Beau- 
 champe, sonne and heire to the Lord Beimchampe of Powike, to whome he had (before 
 this present) committed the rule and custodie of the towne and castell of Glocester. 
 
 " The King sent therefore with all speed unto him, commanding him to doo his 
 best to defend the towne and castell against his enimies, if they came to assaile the 
 same, as it was supposed they intended ; and, if they so did, he promised to come 
 with his whole armie presently to the rescue. The messengers did their diligence, and 
 so being ioifullie received into Glocester, the towne and castell, by the vigilant regard 
 of the said Richard Beauchampe, was put in safe keeping. And this message was 
 done in good time, for true it is, there were diverse in the towne that could have been 
 well contented that the queene, and the lords with hir, should have beene received 
 there, and would have adventured to have brought it to passe, li they had not beene 
 thus prevented. 
 
 " Againe, the queene, and the lords with her, had good intelligence with diverse in 
 the towne, so as they were j)ut in great hope to have ent red the same ; whereupon 
 
 * llolinshcd, III. 44. 
 
 i This was a chronic grievance; in IIS'2, llic Welsh killed Ramilf Pocr, Sherifl of the County. Stowe. 
 
 ; Holinshed, III. 209. they
 
 46 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 they travelled their people right sore all that night and morning, comining before the 
 towne of Glocester upon the Fridaie about ten of the clocke. And when they perceived 
 that they were disappointed of their purpose, and their entrie flatly denied, they were 
 highlie therewith displeased ; for they knew verie well, that diverse within the towne 
 bare their good vvilles towards them : but after they had used certeine menacing bra- 
 veries, and made a shew as if they had meant to assalt the gates and walles, and so to 
 have entred by force, they departed of their waies, marching with all speed possible 
 towards Tewkesburie. 
 
 " It might be marveilled at, whie they attemj)ted not the winning of Glocester in- 
 deed, considering the friends which they knew they had within it. But the cause 
 which mooved them chieflie to forbeare was, for that as well they without, as the other 
 within * the towne, knew that King Edward approached at hand, and was readie to set 
 upon them on the backes, if they had once begun to have assaulted the towne; and 
 so neither they within the towne that were the King's friends doubted the enimie's 
 forces, nor the enimie indeed durst attempt anie such enterprise against them-j-." So 
 they removed to Tewkesbury. 
 
 " In 1483, King Richard [III.] taking his waie to Glocester to visit (in his new 
 honour) the towne of which he bare the name of his old, devised (as he rode) to ful- 
 fill the thing, which he before had intended";}; [tlie murder of his nephews.] Hert 
 met him the infamous Duke of Buckingham, and they parted in apparent friendship: 
 but, though historians do not accurately know the particulars §, it is certain, that from 
 that interview the duke commenced his plan of insurrection, which ended so fatally 
 to him. It is certain, that though a powerful man he was weak, and unprincipled, 
 and duped by his crafty rival. He forgot that success is disgusted with presumption, 
 unless there is sufficient craft to excite fear; and that by villains men are valued no 
 longer than they are tools. The qualities necessary to make a successful villain are 
 almost impossible. Cromwell was the most able man in this respect which history 
 ever recorded. It implies a character, entirely formed upon art, whose life is played, 
 like a game, and the smallest oversight is ruin. The duke's folly was conspicuous; 
 he raised an army of Welshmen " whom (says Holinshed) he (being a man of great 
 courage and sharpe speech) in maner against their vvilles had rather thereto inforced 
 and compelled by lordlie and streict commandement, than by liberall wages and 
 gentle demeanour, which thing was the verie occasion why they left him desolate, 
 and cowardlie forsooke him." Besides this he marched through the forest, intending 
 to have passed the river at Gloucester, " when it rose so high that it overflowed all the 
 countrie adjoining, insomuch that men were drowned in their beds, and houses with 
 the extreame violence were overturned, children were caried about the fields, swim- 
 ming in cradels, beasts were drowned on hilles ; which rage of water lasted continually 
 
 * Vol. III. p. 317. t Id. III. p. 318. t Id. III. 401. 
 
 § From tlie duke's speeches there is reason to lliink that his journey to Gloucester was to wiu tiie duke 
 over to the murder ; at ^vhich he re\ olted ; and Uicliard was ofi'ended. 
 
 ten
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 47 
 
 ten dales, insomuch tliat in tlie countrie adjoining they call it to this daie The Great 
 Water, or the Duke of Buckingham's Great Water *." — This is an interesting inci- 
 dent ; because perhaps the sea walls have possibly prevented such consequences of 
 inundations (as are here stated) from happening in subsequent aeras ; but this opinion 
 is dubious. 
 
 In 148.3, the King sent the following writ : " Richard, &c. to the maire, shiriffs, 
 and aldermen of the towne of Gloucestre, that now be, or that hereafter for the time 
 shall be, greting — Forasmuche as we well understand^', that by meane of reteynors, 
 and receaving and wearing of lyveries of clothing, baieux, and other signes contrary 
 to the effect of the statute of our noble progenytour, heretofore ordayned and esta- 
 blished in that behalfe, gret and many divisions and inconveniences have risen and 
 growen in diverse places within this our realme, to the gret troubles and noyaunce of 
 our subjects of the same, and specialli now of late amongst you, within the said 
 towne, by evil disposed gentlemen, Jaymes Gyse, John Burdett, Edward Brugge, 
 and other, as making assault upon our officer, a constable of our said towne, not 
 only beting and grevously maymed, but also thereby in dispaire of his lyflf", as it is 
 to be shewed to our full gret displeasur: Wherefore wc vvoU and charge you, that yf 
 ye have committed them or any of them to prison, ye do suerely kepe them there 
 without baill or mainprise, to suche tyme as ye shall understande of our ferther pleasur 
 in that behalfe; and over yis that ye in no wise from hensfurth suffre any persone 
 dwellinge among you in our saide towne or fraunchis, for to use or were lyverey of 
 clothing, baieux, signe, or other conisaunce of the yefte of any maner person, of 
 what estate, degree, or condition soever he be, but onl}' oures, and that upon the payne 
 of forfaitur of your libc rties and fraunchises. And if ye shall knowe any presuming 
 or attempting soe to doc, that ye further without delaye, remytte hym in like wise 
 to sure prison, and soo to remayne as above: fail ye not to accomplish thus at your 
 uttermost perill. Geven, &c. at London, the vith day of December, ao. primof." 
 
 " On Whitsen even, 1 II. VII." says Leland, in his Collectanea:};, " the King roode 
 [from Worcester] and remeved to (iloucester, when 3 nivles wilhoutc the towne, the 
 Mair with his Brethern and Sheriff's in scarlet Gownes, and other people in grete nom- 
 ber in rede Gownes and al on Horsebaks welcomed the King withoute the Gate; be- 
 twyxte both bridges, the procession of the Frires and also the procession of the towne, 
 of al the parishe chirches, receyvede the King; and in that towne there was no pageant 
 nor s])eeche ordeynede. Th' Abbot and his Monks rcceyved the King with procession 
 at th' Abbey Chirche Doore, wher the King abode Satirday and Sonday al day, whiche 
 was the Trinitye Sonday ; and th' Abbot mitred song the Highe Masse and in jMoces- 
 sion. The Bishop of Worcester prechede, shewing the Pope's Bulls touching as afor ; 
 and on Monday the King remeved." 
 
 The parliament rolls of the nineteenth of this King shew that ^.88. 105. 8<i. was 
 granted for aid from this town for making Prince Arthur a knight. 
 
 In 1535 King Henry the Eighth came here in progress |{. 
 
 * Holinshcd, IIJ. 417. f Flail. !\ISS. N'o. 433. } IV. 19S. II Holinshcd. III. 705. 
 
 'I'he
 
 48 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 The wise reifii of Elizabeth introduced into England the chief manufactory of this 
 city, that of pins. Tacitus (De morihus Germamnim) says, the Sagumis a covering 
 to all of them, fastened by & fibula, or, if that be wanting, a thorn; and from spina 
 c&me spimtla*, and the French " espingle' for a pin. Furney says, that the poor 
 women in Wales used for pins the prickles of thorns^ curiously scraped, trimmed, and 
 dried -f-. John de Meun, a French poet of the thirteenth century, mentions the gorget 
 of the ladies as fastened with a great quantity of pins ^ ; the friars, in Chaucer and 
 Barclay, carry them about for presents; and in a computus of the year 1318 we have 
 " pro espinglis et bellis" for pins and needles^, but they were not made in England 
 till the year 1543. 
 
 The pins found in tombs must not be confounded with those now in use, for fhei/ 
 are to be found in barrows; are called sfyli, and refer to the head-dress || ; fhey conti- 
 nued till later seras, for Thorotovi's Nottinghamshire, under the parish of Bingham, as 
 edited by Throsby, mentions the discovery of a stone coffin, wherein were the bones 
 of a full-grown person, probably a female of distinction, with an infant child. With 
 these were several large silver pins, which, as they were found in difierent parts of 
 the coffin, very likely had been used for pinning down the winding-sheet. 
 
 The following interesting particulars relative to this manufactory, are communicated 
 by Mr. Counsel, of Gloucester : Pins are now altogether made of brass wire blanched ; 
 formerly they were likewise made of iron wire^ which being blanched like the others, 
 passed for brass; but the ill effects of these pins have quite discarded their use. The 
 French, however, could not be prevented from using them without several arrettes 
 of parliament. By a sentence of the lieutenant de police, July 1695, the seizure of 
 some millions of those pins was confirmed, and the pins condemned to be burnt by 
 the common executioner. The perfection of pins consists in the stiffiiess of the wire 
 and its blanching, in the heads being well turned, and the points filed. The English 
 methods of pointing and blanching are in most repute, because their pinners in point- 
 ing use two steel mills, the first of which forms the point, and the other takes ofT 
 all irregularities, rendering them smooth and as it were polished. In the blanching 
 they use black tin granulated ; whereas in other parts they use a mixture of tin, lead, 
 and quicksilver, which not only blanches worse than the former, but is also dangerous 
 from the ill quality of that mixture, which renders a puncture with a pin thus blanched 
 very difficult to be cured. It has been erroneously stated, in several publications, that 
 tiventy-five workmen are successively employed on each pin, between the drawing of 
 the wire and the sticking of the pin in the paper: but I find that only fivelve workmen 
 are so employed. 
 
 The manufactory of pins was introduced into Gloucester by John Tilsby, in the year 
 1626. 
 
 The first mention of pins that occurs in the English statute book is found in a sta- 
 tute 3 Edward IV. cap. 4, A. D. 14G3, wherein certain merchandises, amongst which 
 are pins^ are prohibited being brought into this kingdom ready wrought. 
 
 * DuCange, v. Spinula. f Ap. Rudflcr, p. l'i-1. * Strutt's Dresses, vol. II. p. \GT. 
 
 § Du Cange, V. fie^/a. || Cough's Sepulcliral IMouunients, Introduction, vol. II. p. 54. The
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 4.0 
 
 The next statute, which in the margin refers to the ahove act, is 1 Richard 111. cap. 
 12, A. D. 14S3, wherein it is shewn by certain artificers, pin-makers, pinners, &«. 
 that they are greatly impoverished by means of merchant- strangers being suffered to 
 bring into the reahn of England foreign merchandises, among which are pins; and 
 which merchandises are prohibited to be introduced ready wrought into this realm for 
 sale, under penalty of forfeiting the same. 
 
 The next statute relative to this manufacture is in the 34th and 35th of Henry VIII. 
 cap. 6, A. D. 1543, by which it is enacted, that no person shall put to sale any 
 pins except such as shall be " double-headed, and have the heads soldered fast to the 
 shank of the pin, well smoothed, the shank well shaven, point well and round filed, 
 cauted, and sharpened." This act was however repealed, 37 Henry VIII. cap. 13, 
 in consequence of the present more ingenious and expeditious method of making pins 
 having been discovered; and since this no other act for regulating the w;a?7?//ac^«re 
 has been passed. 
 
 By the 27th of Elizabeth, cap. il, pins are allowed to be imported into this 
 kingdom. 
 
 Ill loTO) Feb. 25, between four and six o'clock in the afternoon, great earthquakes 
 happened in the cities of " Yorke, Worcester, Gloucester, Bristow, Hereford, and in 
 the countries about, which caused the people to runne out of their houses for feare 
 they should have fallen on their heads*." 
 
 Mr. Counsel extracted the following from the corporation minutes, p. 58. 
 
 20th Eliz. An act for the good of the city in the time of the plague. 
 
 22d Eliz. Customs granted by letters patent. 
 
 23d Eliz. Custom-house erected. 
 
 After this port was thus erected by Oueen Elizabeth, the following petition was 
 presented against it by the inhabitants of Bristol. As it contains much curious matter 
 respecting the trade of Gloucester, it is transcribed verbatim : — 
 
 " Brystowe is scytuated in an angle betweene the counties of Somerset and Glou- 
 cester, maynteyned only by the trade of merchandizes, and making and ventinge of 
 collored clothes for the sea, made in Bristowe and in Somersetshire, wherewith many 
 thousands of handy-craftsmen have been set awoorke and maynteyned, and they have 
 also great store of ledde out of Somersetshire, with which their trade of merchandizes 
 they have alwaies sufficiently furnished all the counties adjoining to the said river, as 
 also all towns and counties lyingc uj)on and near aboute the river of Severn, and tJie 
 creeks oF the same, as furre inwartle towards the lande as to the town of Shrewsbury. 
 
 " There is belonging to Bristowe, between Somerset and Gloucestershires, a suffi- 
 cient port for shippes of all burdens to ryde and fleete in, wherein hathe bynne buildyd 
 and maynteyn'd from time to time as many great serviceable shij)pes as in any jioorte 
 in this her Majesty's dominion (London excepted), and there have been broughte and 
 
 * Holiiuhcd, IV. 3W. 
 
 II trayned
 
 50 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 trayned uppe as many and skilful maryners as to suche shippinge should belong, 
 and more which serve in divers other places. 
 
 " There have been belonging to the sayde citye and poorte of Bristovve, tyme owte 
 of mynde (as the records of the Exchequer doe prove and shewe, and for th' advoyd- 
 inge of dyversitye of accomptes so confirmed) all the creeke upon the river of Severn 
 inwards towards the land, as Barkeley, Gatcombe, Nevvenham, Gloucesteer, Tewkes- 
 burye, and all otlier the creeks and pills extendinge as furre upward as Wygorn, bye 
 and thoroughe which creeks the sayd city had their chefest vente for all manner of 
 forren merchandizes as farre as Shrewesburye, and from the same creeke also the sayde 
 citye and citizens have had their cheifest provision of graine and other victualles. 
 
 " Out of the said city, by reason of their trades, portes, and creekes, the Oueen's 
 Majesty receavethe yerely, for fee-farms, fifteenes, customs, subsidies, impostes, and 
 other duties, great somes of money; and the shippes of the sayde city and citizens 
 have had their chiefest provisions of graine and other victualles, 
 
 " But so yt is, right honourable, that all the said creekes (uppon an uutrevv sug- 
 gestion) byn by her Majesty's letters patent of late taken from the said city and port of 
 Bristoll, and are become a poorte of themselves to the imynente ruin of the said city, 
 impoverishinge of the said artificers, arraye of the shippinge and mariners, hindrance 
 of the Queen's Majesty's customs, duties and profits, bringinge and raisinge of dearthe 
 and scarsetye, encouraging and encreasinge of pyrotts, and other greater inconve- 
 niences. 
 
 " The Parliament House, anno 34 Hen. VHI. was enformed and well understood 
 how grayne was convayed over the seas by the small barkes of the river of Severn, and 
 the rode for shippes greatlie hurte by castenge oute ballaste and taking in of corne 
 which came out of the creekes; and therefore for the better searche and restraynte 
 appoynted the same to be broughte and measured at Bristoll, before it should be 
 transported. 
 
 "Gloucester is no place for trade or merchandize, because they have no lawfull wares 
 meete to be transported in shippes serviceable or defensible to transporte and retorne 
 merchandize if they had any. 
 
 " Gloucester standeth upon other good trades and concourse of people, whereby they 
 have been well maynteyned ; but yf they adventure any thing at sea, the same is in 
 small barkes with corne and prohibited wares, wherewith they make more profitable 
 retournes then Bristoll wythe their great shippinge and lawful wares can doe. 
 
 " Gloucester standethe between Bristoll and Wigorn, Warr' fi. e. Warwick), Co- 
 ventry, and Shrewsburie, and all other places upp Severn, where the merchants of 
 Bristoll did usually make their vente of such commodities as they bringe from beyond 
 seas; but yf tiie same continues a poorte, they doe not only serve themselves, but also 
 those other counties and towns aboute them ; and so the trade of Bristoll, and their 
 great shippes, when the vente of their commodyties is taken from them, must conse- 
 quentlye decaye. 
 
 "The
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 51 
 
 " The more tradingc or discharginge places, the greater coiiceahneute and stelthe 
 of her Majesty's customes, and conveyinge awaie of prohibyted wares in small barks ; 
 and therefore was yt provided for in the statute and decree, that nothing should be 
 laden or discharged upon Severn, but only at Bristow and certain small places whereof 
 the officers of Bristol! had sjjecial charge, as by the same more at large doth appere. 
 
 " The chefest place of ladingeand discharging for Gloucester was a place called Gat- 
 combe, which is 16 miles dovvnewardes the sea, before the officers of Gloucester, and 
 within little as near to the porte of Bristowe, which is between them and the sea ; and 
 this hath not dejuh of water but for a ship of fiftie tonnes, which cannot come thither 
 laden but at highe springe tydes in fayre wether with a good pylott, and cannot conti- 
 nue ther many yers without spoyle and ruin, and no officer dwelling nigher than Glou- 
 cester, neither is it anie town or popelous village, to descrie or understand howe hir 
 Majesty is deceaved, and the county spoyled of grayne. 
 
 " It is more conveniente that the creeek upp Severn do belong to the port of Bri,s- 
 toll, and it be under their controllment, then to Gloucester, or be a port of themselves, 
 because Bristoll standeth in neede of the grayne and victualls, which Gloucester and 
 the counties upon Severne do abound in and can spare. 
 
 " When the deputies of Gloucester delivered their books to the officers of Bristoll, 
 they were then able to find their Orforders (.sic) and to reforme them, mete with them, 
 and staye their passage, which now they cannot do. 
 
 " The barkes upp Severne be so small, that they pay no tonnage to the peere of Do- 
 ver, according to the statute, as appeareth by their books, and their owners be corn- 
 merchants and fermers ; and these small barkes will shippe awaye, come and goe at 
 every meane tyde, and so may deceave as much as they will, yf the officer of Brystovve 
 have not authoiitye to meet and searche them. 
 
 " The city of Brystowe, which in time past had the most part of their grayne from 
 upp Severne, have not had, within three yeres after the erection of the Custom-house 
 at Gloucester, ten quarters of wheat from them, and have been restrayned of grayne 
 to come to Bristoll ; so as when they have occasion, they must nowe travell to Glou- 
 cester for a cockctt, and there put in sureties; and yf they obtnyne it, the same is not 
 without great dificulty, which is a great overthrowe and chaunge to the said city of 
 Bristol. 
 
 " Irishe men also with their barkes have found a directe trade to Gloucester, and all 
 to shippe away corn, and soe we lose the benefit of their comodyties and the utteringe 
 of our owne, another great decaie to us. 
 
 " The serviceable shippes of Bristoll have and must serve her Majestie upon all oc- 
 casions, to their great hindrance and charges, and in the meane time the same barkes 
 of Severne are free, and do spoyle the countrie of grayne anil victualls, for they are 
 oute of the controllment of Bristoll, which do lack the same corn and grayne. 
 
 " When the creek of Severn belonged to Bristowe, then corn, grayne, and victualls 
 came from thence by cocket from Bristoll, ordinarylie taken out by the trowmen upp 
 
 Severne,
 
 52 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Severne, and then was her iMajestie for the victualUnge of Ireland, and for other ser- 
 vices, redely and well jjrovided at Bristol!, but now her charges upp Severne to provide 
 together the same is great, as by the book of the purveior for their service appereth; and 
 great exsaccons been at Gloucester for cockett and other fees, for where before the 
 <harge of cockett and certificate was but 2*. 8d. yt is now 5*. bd. besides fee, and the 
 countrie upp Severne will be as well in everie respecte eased by a deputation at Glou- 
 cester, as by the Custome-House, and for less charges by 2s. Scl. in a cocket, of which 
 exaction the trowmen uppe Severne have often complayned and exhibited supplications 
 to the Mayor of Bristoll. 
 
 " The trade and shippinge of Bristoll is already so decayed by reason of the pre- 
 misses, that they have done avvaye and must do avvaye their great shippinge, and have 
 offered the same to be sold, to their great losse ; for althoughe the great shippes be 
 more worthier and serviceable, yet are the small sort more profitable for the merchants, 
 and better chepe to be fraghyted, and will turne and winde in narrower places, &c. 
 
 " In tender consideration whereoff, and forasmuch as the erectinge of the newe porta 
 doth and is lyke to decaye the sayd city of Bristoll, and stop the vente of our Eng- 
 lish lawful merchandizes, decrease and demenishe the great sheppynge of Bristowe, 
 and the maryners to them belonging ; stope and chooke the vente and utteraunce 
 which the said city hath had uppe Severn with their forrene merchandizes, demenishe 
 her highness customes, and profits, and raise a dearth and scarsetye in this comon- 
 wealthe, and of the other side no profit or benefit comparable to the last of these — 
 Maye it please your honnors, of your accustomed regarde in suche urgente distresses, 
 to be a meane to her Majestie, that the said letters patent may be repealed, and the 
 sayd city and port of Bristowe be restored to their auncyent estate, for yn the begyn- 
 ninge of these decayes we thinke it not our part to be silent *." 
 
 According to Sir Robert Atkins, this complaint has no foundation, for he says, that 
 the port of Gloucester had very little foreign trade, through the contiguity of Bristol. 
 The completion of the Berkeley Canal will, it is presumed, augment the foreign com- 
 merce. 
 
 The imports consist of wines principally, and some foreign fruit. But the chief use 
 of the port is for landing goods, shipped from abroad to Bristol. Two small vessels 
 are constantly employed, which bring copper chiefly, from whence it is conveyed to 
 Birmingham. Vast quantities of coal are brought from Staffordshire and Shropshire. 
 
 The exports consist princii)ally of corn, cyder, perry, hoops, timber, bark, and 
 of matters which almost entirely relate to the coasting trade. 
 
 The Custom-House, as a building, is beneath notice. 
 
 Gloucester. — King James, Aug. 13, in the first year of his reign, in 1603, made 
 Henry Lord Berkeley lieutenant of the county of Gloucester, whose deputies were Sir 
 Richard Berkeley, knt. and William Dutton, of Sherborne: no more. In the execu- 
 
 * Hail. MS. No. 3CS. 
 
 tion
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 53 
 
 tion of this office his lordship's sohcitor for his better dispatches kept certain books, 
 wherein all letters from the King, the privy council, or any others, and his answers, 
 were entered ; and also how each particular gentleman, and other inhabitants of the 
 countv and coutifj/ of the cifi/, as well of the clergy as laity, were charged with arms, 
 foot or horse, and of what age, stature, or ability, each one in that county was of*. 
 
 Spunging-houses are ancient. In the reign of James I. Sarah Tilladam was arrested 
 at Berkeley, and conveyed to the house of one of the under-sheriff's men in Gloucester f . 
 
 Jtn 1 jS3) 30 Eliz. a letter was received from the queen and council, about furnishing 
 a ship against the Spanish invasion :[. 
 
 In 1592, 3,^ Eliz. was a taxation in the time of the jilague^. 
 
 In IG04, 2 Jac. the plague was at Gloucester. Alderman John Tayler was fined 
 ag.lOO, on account of keeping his servant, having the plague [J. 
 
 In 1G36 appeared the first demonstration of the conspicuous jjart which the county 
 and city afterwards took in the Civil War. It was in a case of ship-money, thus 
 recorded in the newspapers of the day ^ : 
 
 July 1G41. Among the articles of impeachment exhibited against Sir Humphrey 
 Davenport, knight, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, one of the charges is, " That 
 whereas an action of battery was brought by one Richard Legge against Robert Hob- 
 lins, to which the said Hoblins pleaded justification de son assault de inisme, and the 
 said cause came to tryall at the assizes holden for the county of (Gloucester in summer, 
 an. 1^36, before the said Sir Humphrey Davenport, then one of the Justices of Assize 
 and Nisi Priiis for that county." At tlie said tryall the said Robert Hoblins did begin 
 to make proof of his said justification, and produced one Robert Tilly, a witnesse in 
 the cause, who proved, upon o;ith, that the said Richard Legge did make the first as- 
 sault upon the said Robert Iloblius, and that the occasion thereof was, that the said 
 Richard Legge and others came upon the lands then in possession of the said Hoblins, 
 and (lid take and drive away eighteen cowes of the said Hoblins, pretending they had 
 a warrant from the sherifll" to distrain the same, for forty shillings assessed upon the 
 said Hoblins, for ship-money: and when the said Hoblins (being present) endeavoured 
 to hinder the said Legge and others from taking away his said cattell, the said Legge 
 strook the said Hoblins with a staH', wlio after defended himself: that upon the opening 
 of this matter the said Sir Humphrey Davenport would not sufier the said Hoblins to 
 produce any more witnesses on his behalf (though the said Hoblins desired that other of 
 his witnesses then present, and sworn, might be heard), nor his councell to speak for 
 him ; but beir)g informed that the said Hoblins (when ship-money was demanded of 
 ?iim) answered, that he would not ])ay the same, because it was not granted by Par- 
 liament, the said Sir Huwphreii Davenport did then (openly, in the hearing of a 
 great number of his INLijestie's lici^e people then assembled, and attending the court) 
 in great passion reprove the said Hoblins, and told him that the King was not to call 
 
 * Smytlif's MSS. 903, 901. f Il^iJ 970. + Corpor.ition Minutes. Mr. Counsel. 
 
 § Ibid. II Ibid, ^ Perfect Journal, 1041, pp. SJ'Zl, 2'i^. 
 
 a Par-
 
 54 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 a Parliament to give liini satisfaction ; and did then and there also falsely and of pur- 
 pose, to prevent his Majesties loving subjects from the due and ordinary course of 
 law, and contrary to his oath and the laws of the realm, publish, declare, and atfiruj, 
 that it was adjudged by all the Judges of England that ship-money was due to the 
 King, and directed the jury sworn in that cause to finde a verdict for the said Richard 
 Legge; and the said jury did accordingly, and gave him twenty pound damages. And 
 the said Hianphrci/ Davenport did then also, without any cause, imprison the said 
 Robert Hohl'tns, and bound him to the good behaviour." 
 
 " On the breaking out of the Civil War," says Sir Robert Atkins *, " the inhabitants 
 repaired and fortified their walls; procured great guns from London and Bristol; 
 raised a company of volunteers from among themselves, and called in the trained bands 
 to their assistance." 
 
 As the successful resistance of this city first turned the scale in favour of the Par- 
 liament, and the exertions of the garrison were surprizing, during the whole Civil 
 War, a regular diary shall he given of the paragraphs in the newspapers. 
 
 Jan. 11, 1640-I. It was declared in the House that \Q souldiers were come out of 
 the army to Gloucester ; and it is feared many others will depart voluntarily, unless 
 speedy course be taken ; for which purpose a select committee is chosen, and is in hand 
 with it. Perfect Journal, vol, I. 
 
 Feb. 12, 1640-1. There was also a petition preferred by Glocester men, that there 
 were eight parishes, and never a constant preacher ; and of a reverend preacher exa- 
 mined upon his te.\t, for teaching that we ought to serve God in spirit and in truth. 
 And of another, that for repetition of this sermon was kept close prisoner six weeks 
 by the Archbishop Wren. Perfect Journal. 
 
 The committee-men named in the act for publishing scandalous clergymen and 
 others, to take place from March 10, 164I, were, for this city and count}' of it, the 
 Mayor for the time being, William Lenthall, Speaker of the House of Commons, 
 and recorder of the city, William Capell, Thomas Pury, John Nelmes, Anthony 
 Edwards, William Guise, George Bridgman, Silvanus Wood, John Brewster, James 
 Powell, Thomas Hill. Husband's Ordinances. 
 
 June 4, 1641. There was also a re])ort, that there were two loads of armour stayed 
 near Glocester, which were going to a Papist's house. Perfect Journal. 
 
 1642. There was (sic) instructions drawn up by both Houses, to be sent to Gloucester 
 to the Deputy-lieutenants of the Militia to make search in all suspected places for arms, 
 and to disarm all Papists and ill-affected clergy; and to raise what fortifications for the 
 preservation of the town, or any other part of the country should be thought fit. 
 Certain Special Passages, .'iug. 15 — 23, 1642. 
 
 Sept. 1. Mr. Hill, the under-sheriff of Gloucester, with ten more, set upon Sir 
 Ralph Dutton, with ten cavaliers, who were raising men against the Parliament m 
 
 * P. 66. 
 
 this
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 55 
 
 this couiitv, forced Sir Ralph to swim the river of Severn, and two of ihe cavaliers, 
 and brought them to the Parliament. Perfect Dhtrnal, from Aug. 29 to Sept. 5. 
 
 Ciloucester. — Sept. 14. The House of Commons fell into consideration of the 
 better safety and security of the city of Gloucester, and of other places in the king- 
 dom. Perfect Diurnal, from Sept. 12 — 19, 1642. 
 
 Gloucester. — Fyncs, with above 1000 dragoons, intending to besiege Worcester, 
 says, that he has sent to the trained-bands of Gloucestershire to come and assist him, 
 which county are so firm to the Parliament there is no doubt of their compliance. 
 Continuation of Special Passages, 8^c. J'rom PFednesday Sept. 21 — 24, l6'42. 
 
 Gloucester. — In Gloucester are seized seven good horses of the Earl of Worcester, 
 who were going into Wales to be emploj'ed against the Parliament. Perfect Relation, 
 or Summarie, from Sept. 14 — 29, 1642. 
 
 Tewksbury. — Thursday, Sept. 29. Mr. John Fines, who was missing after the 
 late skirmish near Worcester, is since found at Tewksbury, some ten miles from 
 thence; but his brother. Colonel Fines, resolutely slew the Lord John Stuart, a 
 younger brother to the Duke of Richmond. Memorahle Occidents, from Sept. 26 
 to Oct. s, 1642. 
 
 Gloucester. 1 — Sept. 27. We have had great troubles in our county lately by means 
 
 Tewksbury. J of the Papists, rebellious, and other their adherents. Gloucester and 
 Tewkesbury are in very great danger. The latest remarhahle Truths, S§c. printed 
 Oct. 4, 1642. 
 
 Oct. 1 — 6, 1642. Likewise there were letters read from Gloucester, that the malig- 
 nant party have suppressed that towne, and are fortifying the same for his Majesty 
 against the Parliament, desiring present ayd may be sent into that county to stij)prcsse 
 the malignants before they have made themselves any stronger, the House j)roniising 
 to take tiie same into speedy consideration. Certain Special and Remarhahle Pas- 
 sages, S^-c. Oct. 1 — G, 164-2. 
 
 Gloucester. — Oct. 4. We had letters from Gloucester declaring that town, with the 
 whole county, is in great danger of being utterly ruinated and destroyed by the ma- 
 lignants and cavaliers, if not speeddy prevented ; the Lord (Jrandison, with about 
 2000 soldiers, having placed themselves at Gloucester, and daily made excursions into 
 the country, plundering and s])oiIing the same ; that garrisons by the said lord are 
 planted in divers other towns in the country, of cavaliers, &c. Perfect Diurnal, 
 from Oct. 3 — 10, 1G42. 
 
 Gloucester. — Friday, Oct. 14. The city of Gloucester have gotten here six great 
 peaces of brass ordnance, which are now carying thither, wherewith they intend to 
 defend themselves as well atrainst the Kins's cavaliers as acaiust the Lord Herbert, 
 who hath gotten a small army in Monmouthshire, which is the next adjacent county 
 nnto them, if he should happen to assail them. Memorable Accidents, from Oct. 
 10—17, 1C42. 
 
 Gloucester. — Oct. 19. Letltrs came from the Earl of Essex, showing that the 
 
 .^40,000
 
 56 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 ^40,000 whicli the Parliament lately sent down to pay the army was safely conducted 
 unto Gloucester. Prince Robert, it seems, had vowed to have this money, but the 
 countries came in so bravely well armed, that it was guarded to Gloucester with about 
 10,000 men. Perfect Diurnal, from Oct. 17 — 24, l642. 
 
 Gloucester. — Oct. 19. There was a report that 100 or more of dragoons came out 
 of Gloucester on Monday last, and marched through the skirts of Devonshire by the 
 sea-side, where no considerable force is able to oppose them, and they have robbed 
 many houses between Dunstar Castle in Somersetshire and Pensants in Cornwall, and 
 among the crew there was (sic) only three taken, who are in Exeter goale. Perfect 
 Diurnal, from Oct. 24 — 31, lft42. 
 
 [To understand the preceding paragraphs clearly, it is fit to note, that after the 
 battle at Edgehill Colonel Thomas Essex marched with two regiments of foot, and 
 quartered at Gloucester, and commanded in chief; whereas before it was governed 
 only by the De])uty-lieutenants. Colonel Essex removed to Bristol, and the gentry " 
 endeavoured to recover the j)lace for the King; but Colonel Essex having notice of it 
 returned with his regiments, and surprized the city. The colonel again quitted 
 the city; and September the 9th, 1642, the Earl of Stamford marched from Hereford, 
 with two troops of horse and a regiment of foot, to Gloucester. The Earl of Stamford 
 was commanded into the West, and left Colonel Massie governour of the place. Thus 
 Sir Robert Atkins (p. 86), who lived near the period.] 
 
 Anno 1642-0 *■ — Parliamentary Newspapers, from January l to August 10. 
 Wednesday, Feb. 8. It was ordered, that all marchants and other well-affected per- 
 sons of the city of London, who will do any thing for the defence and safety of the 
 West Country, and especially of Bristol and Gloucester, should come to the committee 
 of Haberdasher's Hall, London, on Thursday next, at five of the clock in the afternoon, 
 who are appointed to consider of this business. Perfrct Diurnal, Feb. 6 — 13, 1G42-3. 
 [N. B. Gloucester was thrown into danger by Prince Rupert's taking advantage of 
 the absence of the Cicester men, for the attack of Sudeley Castle, to surprize Cicester. 
 Sudeley Castle stopped the commerce of Gloucester vid Warwickshire. 
 Berkeley Castle had the same effect by the Severn on one direction, and Tewksbury 
 on the other. 
 
 Cirencester obstructed the intercourse with the Cotswold.] 
 
 Prince Rupert, as it is informed by letters from Gloucestershire, hath made a cruel 
 progress over the greatest part of that county, and sent at least 200 cart load of plun- 
 der ; which he hath robbed the county of, to Oxford, and hath compelled divers vil- 
 lages and towns to a monthly collection, but they bravely resisted his summons, and 
 stood upon their guard, which he perceiving, left them, without any further attempt. 
 Perfrct Diurnal, Feb. 13 — 20, N" 36. 
 
 * Properly 1043 ; Ijut the legal year not commencing till March 25, the iiitenening period from Jan. 1 
 was thus distinguished. 
 
 Gloucester.
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 57 
 
 Gloucester. — By letters from Gloucestershire it is informed, that the cavaliers still 
 remain in that county, going up and down to force the county to their weekly con- 
 tributions, and coming to a small town called Padsworth, not far from Gloucester, 
 the townsmen had drawn unto them about 300 men, out of the neighbouring villages, 
 with such weapons as they could get, and when the enemy came upon them, and 
 nearly beset the town, the said forces sallied out, and gave them a very fierce assault, 
 kept them in play for a whole afternoon, killed many of them, and forced the rest 
 to retreat, there being above 100 of the cavaliers found dead on the ground, and divers 
 of them men of good worth, whereof it is said the Duke of Lenox younger brother is 
 one. The cavaliers, being much enraged with this loss, withdrawed some of their 
 forces, and called a council of warre to consider what was fitting to be done, con- 
 ceiving, that the said town was suplied with some forces from Gloucester ; however 
 they resolved to make another attempt the next morning, but the townsmen having 
 notice of their design did, not knowing how they might strengthen their forces the 
 next day, take the advantage of the night, and loaded all their provisions and goods, 
 and carried the same, with their wives and children, to Gloucester, and left the town to 
 the cavaliers, who the next day came and entered the same, but found nothing but old 
 lumber, not worth their carrying away. 
 
 But by some other relations from thence, it is said, that Sir William Waller drew 
 some of his forces from Gilford to Padsworth, and assisted the townsmen against the 
 cavaliers ; and thus they have driven them from thence, and still keep the town : but 
 the truth of this I cannot aftirm ; however the certainty of them that were slaine is 
 still confirmed to be above 100, but of the townsmen but one man. 
 
 Saturday 25th. By letters from Gloucestershire it is informed, that the cavaliers 
 since the defeat at Potsworth, have left Gloucestershire and gone into Wiltshire. Per- 
 fect Diurnal, Feb. 20 — 27, 1642-3. 
 
 Gloucester. — It was this day reported, that Sir William Waller is with some consi- 
 derable force of horse and foot in Gloucestershire, and was assaulted by some of the 
 King's forces at a town called Potsworth, and found himself too weak to encounter 
 with the enemy in an ordinary way of skirmishing, placed his men in battalia in 
 such a manner that they all gave fire together upon the enemy, and by this unexpected 
 volley of shot the enemy was forced to retreat; and before they came on again, Sir Wil- 
 liam Waller's men had charged anew, and gave them the like entertainment as before, 
 vvhereii|)on the enemy was put to flight. Perfect Diurnal, Feb. 20 — 27, No. 37, 1642-3. 
 
 Gloucester. — It was recommended by the Earl of Essex during a cessation of arms, 
 that the King's forces in Gloucestershire should be quartered at Cicester and Malmes- 
 bury, and the Parliament's at Bristol, Gloucester, and Berkeley. Continuation of cer- 
 tain special and remarkable Passages from both Houses of Parliament. 
 
 This recommendation was agreed to, as appears from a Perfect Diurnal from Feb. 
 27 to March 6, 1642-3. 
 
 Gloucester. — This day his Majesty caused a letter to be written to the High Sheriff 
 and Justices of the Peace in the county of Gloucester, in which his Majesty taking 
 
 I notice
 
 58 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 notice how deeply that county had engaged itself in the rebellion raised against him; 
 and that notwithstanding his gracious offers of pardon they had so obstinately stood 
 out against his authority, that he was forced to send a considerable part of his army 
 to reduce them to obedience, doth further, for the reparation of himself and the secu- 
 rity and protection of his good subjects there, require the said sherifTand justices of the 
 peace to call together the people of that county at such convenient times and seasons 
 as to them seemed best, and to demand (besides the monthly contribution, which was 
 imposed on all proportionably), their free and voluntary assistance for the support of 
 his estate and their own preservation, wherein his Majesty expected that such as had 
 been most active in maintaining the former troubles should (for the better testifica- 
 tion of their good affection for the future) be the most forward in the furtherance and 
 advancement of the present aid, and that all monies so collected, or subscribed for, 
 should be brought in to the high sheriff, by him to be accompted for unto his Majesty. 
 His Majesty further did command in the said letters, that all such persons as stood 
 charged with armes should bring in all the armes they stood charged withall unto his 
 magazine at Cirencester, and that all such as had any hand in executing the militia 
 against his command should forthwith bring to the said magazine all the arms they 
 had, whether charged antiently upon them by the lords lieutenants of the county, 
 or preserved still by themselves the better to maintain their own ill-doings, with in- 
 timation that it should be no excuse to any of them to pretend, or say, that they had 
 sent their arms to (iloucester, or otherwise disposed of them by the appointment and 
 command of the two Houses of Parliament, except it could be made apparent, that 
 their said arms were taken from them by force and violence ; and finally, that whereas 
 the city of Gloucester had obstinately refused his gracious pardon, which he had sent 
 to the inhabitants thereof (since the reduction of Cirencester) and continued still in 
 wilful rebellion against him, his Majesty was pleased to give command, that none of 
 his other subjects of this county should have any trade, traffick, or commerce with 
 them until they should return to their former duty. This was the substance of that 
 letter, which on the Tuesday after came out in print, with order to be published in 
 all the churches of this county by the parsons, vicars, and curates of the several pa- 
 rishes. Mercurius Aulicus, Feb. 12, 1642-3. 
 
 Gloucester. — This day his excellency the Earl of Essex sent a letter to the Parlia- 
 ment, signifying that he had received certain intelligence that Prince Rupert, with 
 above fiooo horse and foot, was advancing from Oxford towards Gloucester and Bris- 
 tol, and although the town of Gloucester was well fortified with men and ammunition, 
 having about 4000 men in it, and a sufficient number of ordnance, yet his excellency 
 intended to send some forces from about Windsor, or to advance himself with them 
 in person for the relief of these places. Perfect Diurnal, March 6— 13, No. 39. 
 1642. 
 
 It is informed out of Gloucestershire that the Welsh forces lately come from Here- 
 ford and thereabouts, made an attempt against Gloucester, whereby they received a 
 shameful defeat. Ihld. 
 
 Marc
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 59 
 
 March 10. ft is informed for a truth that Mr. WiUiam Waller marched down to 
 Gloucestershire with his forces, caused warrants to be issued out to give the people 
 notice, that stood affected to the King, that Prince Rupert did require them to bring in 
 their horses and other provision to such a place by a day certain, at which time his 
 highnesse will be there, &c. which the malignants of the county obeyed with cheer- 
 fulness ; by which policy Sir William Waller got some of their best horses. Perfect 
 Diurnal, March 6 — 1.3, No. S9, 1642. 
 
 Gloucester. — By letters from Gloucester, it is informed, that the Lord Herbert with 
 his Welsh papists hath laid siege against Gloucester, and is assisted by Prince Maurice 
 and the cavaliers in Cicester, and that they have made some attempt to assault the 
 town, and have had some slight skirmishes, but the Gloucester forces have bravely de- 
 fended themselves and repulst the enemy ; it being desired, that some supplies from 
 the Lord General might be timely sent unto them, lest they be overprest by the ene- 
 my's supplies if Prince Rupert also come against them, as is expected. Perfect 
 Diunial, March (1 — 13, 1642-3. 
 
 Saturdaif the llth. By letters from Gloucestershire, it was also informed, that the 
 Gloucester forces have quitted themselves bravely, and given the Lord Herbert's forces 
 a great defeat, to the loss of above 500 of his Welsh cavaliers. Ibid. 
 
 Gloucester. — A letter came to town to this effect; viz. that after Prince Rupert re- 
 turned from Bristol he came with his forces before Gloucester, there being laid the like 
 plot between him and some in the town, as there was at Bristol, for by this letter it is 
 specified, that the King's forces had wrought with some of the gunners on the parlia- 
 ment side to betray the town unto them ; and when they came near upon their work 
 those ordnance that were in the town were to play over the enemy, that they should do 
 them no hurt : but it seems this plot wrought worse on Piince Rupert's side than did 
 that at Bristol ; for the gunners making the same known to the town, when the ord- 
 nance first begun to play they on purpose shot over the enemy, whereupon thinking 
 the town had been their own, they waxed bold, and came upon the causey up to the 
 town, where in a place of good advantage the townsmen had placed divers pieces ot 
 their best ordnance, which made such execution upon the enemy, that it is informed 
 they lost a great many men, with the loss of never a man in the Parliament's forces ; 
 and when they saw the ordnance make such hot work amongst them, those that could, 
 fied away ; so that the cavaliers had but an ill bout of this plotting and treacherous 
 match. I forbear to aHinn the certain truth till the next post. Strange Discoveries, 
 or Continuation of certain special and remarkable Passages, S^c. A^o. 36. 
 
 Gloucester. — Saturday the iSfh. It was informed by letters from Gloucestershire, 
 that the forces there are still in action against Prince Maurice, and his associated ca- 
 valiers, and that the}' have lately had divers slight skirmishes ; but the town holds out 
 bravely, foyling the enemy in all their attempts against them, it being also for certain^ 
 confirmed, that the Earl of Carnarvan was slain there in his attempts against the town, 
 Perfect Diurnal, March 13 — 20, 1 64 2-3, No. 40. 
 
 The cavaliers plundered Gloucestershire no less than three times. Jbid. March 15. 
 
 Gloucester
 
 60 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Gloucester. ") By letters out of Gloucestershire it is informed, that Sir William Wal- 
 
 Tewksbury. J ler slew (as hath formerly been related) about 500 Welchmen, and 
 took at least lOOO prisoners, 1600 arms, and 4 peeces of ordnance, there being about 
 100 officers with great store of horses, and other provisions for war; the Lord Herbert's 
 own troop being taken, which consisted of 100 brave horse, many of them having been 
 long providing by the Earl of Worcester, the Lord Herbert's father, divers of them 
 being valued at a hundred pound a horse. Sir William marched to Tewkesbury, 
 which the King's troops evacuated at his approach, and went to Worcester. Continu- 
 ation of special Passages, c^t. No. 36. 
 
 Tewksbury. — Sir William Waller had gone to attack Ragland, but vvas ordered 
 to return. Upon his return he was laid wait for by Prince Maurice's forces, and having 
 certain notice thereof marched somewhat aside the contrary way, but suddenly wheeled 
 about and came by the side of the said forces, had some skirmish with them, and near 
 upon 40 men killed on both sides; but forced his passage through them, and being 
 passed, forced the enemy and cleared his forlorn hope, and forthwith marched towards 
 Gloucester, and on his march cut off all the bridges as he passed, whereby Prince Mau- 
 rice pursuing of him could not pass; which course if Prince Maurice had taken before 
 him. Sir William might have been kept in Wales against his will, but, through this 
 destroying of the bridges. Sir William regained divers towns possessed by the cavalier, 
 but especially Tewksbury, which he entered with small difficulty, took divers pri- 
 soners, great store of arms, Prince Maurice having placed ail his stores and magazines 
 there, and other rich prize ; that done he placed a garrison in Teuxsbury, and so 
 himself came to Gloucester. Perfect Diurnal, April \Q — 17, iVo. 44, 1643. 
 
 Tewksbury. — It is informed from Gloucester, that some of Sir William W^aller's 
 forces had lately another skirmish with Prince Maurice, about Upton Bridge, near 
 Tewksbury, and that Sir William Waller went on very victoriously. Perfect Diur- 
 nal, April 17 — 24. 
 
 Gloucester. — Most part of the garrison soldiers in Bristol and Gloucester being old 
 soldiers, and fit for service, were removed when he advanced to Oxford, and young 
 soldiers put in their places. Perfect Diurnal, from April 24 to May 1. 
 
 Tewksbury. "I It is also certified for a truth, that Prince Maurice is marched forth 
 
 Gloucester. J towards Cirencester, and so towards Teuxbury again, to attend Sir 
 William Waller's remove, who, as it is certified, is come with his forces to the city of 
 Gloucester, Prince Maurice being about 4OOO strong; with these he was scouting 
 about in Gloucestershire and the parts adjacent. Perfect Diurnal, May 8 — 15, 1643; 
 so also the Continuation, 8§c. 
 
 Gloucester. — News came that Prince Maurice had received a small defeat by some 
 of Sir William Waller's forces at a new passage in Gloucestershire, where he had lost 
 above 100 men. Perfect Diurnal, May 15 — 22. 
 
 Gloucester. — From Gloucester the House received letters dated the 29th of July 
 to this effect ; that since the surrender of Bristol their fears are very great, well know- 
 ing the next attempts of the enemy will be against them, and that they may expect 
 
 to
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 6i 
 
 to be besieged daily ; but, blessed be God, they are at present in very good condition 
 in this town, and desire there may be specially sent to them but one regiment ot" 
 horse, and the ,^.1000 promised to them, and they doubt not but to give a good ac- 
 count of this place, notwithstanding the potency of their enemy, for they are resolved 
 to stand it out to the last man of them : whic'h desire of theirs the House having taken 
 into consideration, and took order that they should be relieved both with money and 
 horse according to their desire. The Lord General, 'tis informed, having already 
 sent a considerable party to their relief. Perfect Diurnal, from July $\ to August 
 7, 1643- 
 
 [All these being ea?jBar#e statements, it is thought fit to give the royal accounts, 
 during such time as the Mercurius Aulicus, the court paper published at Oxford 
 by authority under the Editorship of the famous Peter Hei/lyn, subsisted. The 
 exertions and sufferings of the city and vicinity during the year 1643, can only thus 
 be properly appreciated.] 
 
 Anno 1642-3, I643. Court Newspapers from Jan. 1 to Aug. 10. 
 
 Gloucester. — Prince Rupert having assured himselfe of Cyrencester, and sent away 
 his prisoners towards Oxford, had caused the gentlemen of Cotswold and most other 
 parts of Glocester.s/iire to come before him, that he might take some course with them 
 for the preservation of the county in his INIajestie's obedience, and themselves from the 
 spoyle and rapine of the rebels; and that the gentry had agreed upon the raising of 
 ^.4000 monethly to be so iniployed. By meanes whereof, and the reduction of 
 Malmesbury to his Majestie's service (newes whereof had been brought the weeke 
 before), the association betwixt the counties of Glocester, Somerset, and Wilts, which 
 had been brought about with such art and industry, was quite broke in sunder to the 
 great advantage of his Majesty, and the promoting of his service. Mercurius Aulicus, 
 Feb. 6, 1642-3. 
 
 Gloucester. — Newes also came this day, that the Lord Herbert, eldest sonne to 
 the Marquesse of Worcester, having the weeke before made himself master of an ad- 
 vantageous passe over the river, had brought his army neare to Gloucester, which he 
 intended to besiege on that side the Severne; and that Prince Maurice, with some 
 forces out of Cyrencester, and other places of Cotswold, was by him expected to come 
 downe the hils, and fall ujjon the hither side thereof, and so girt it round. 3Iercurius 
 Aulicus, Feb. 21, 164 2-3. 
 
 Monday, March \^, 1 642-3. This day came ont \n ^r\nt a proclamation from bis 
 Majesty (which had beene signed the third of this present inoneth) for the better govern- 
 ment of the county of Glocester, and the security of his Majcstie's good subjects there. 
 In which his Majestie, premising that bee had granted a cf^////«/.v.s7rtM to diverse persons of 
 honour, quality, and integrity in that county to manage the affaires thereof, doth strictly 
 charge, that from henceforward no soldier or officer of any of his Majestie's^'-arr/.vo?/*- in 
 that county shall presume to send any warrant for contribution, or any money whatso- 
 ever ; but that the said commissioners, being first informed of the proportion necessary 
 
 for
 
 6-2 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 for the weekly payment and support of the said garrisons, shall take care that the same 
 be orderly collected and paid unto the governours and officers thereof at the times and 
 places agreed upon; and that if any extraordinary accident shall fall out either by the 
 refractor! nesse of any persons, or by reason of the rebels being possessed of any 
 places in that county, whereby the sums to be collected come not in accordingly, that 
 in such cases by warrant and direction of the said commissioners, the governours of the 
 garrisons shall assist in the said collection : his Majesty finally charging and requiring, 
 that all the ojfficers and soldiers of his army do punctually obey his commands herein ; 
 and that none of them do presume, on any pretences whatsoever, to offer violence 
 to any of his loving subjects of that county, or to take away their horses, or to do 
 them any other wrong or damage, as they will answer the contrary at their utmost 
 perils. Mercurius Aulicus, March 13, 1642-3. 
 
 Gloucester. — There was a report in London (how true you may judge) that his 
 Majesty was scarce able to maintain his quarters about Oxon ; and some were so hardy 
 as to say his Majesty had quite left Oxford ; both which are as true as that Prince 
 Maurice and the Lord Herbert lost 1500 men at Glocester ; and by this you may be 
 able to tell, whether or no they deserve that whetstone which lately was sent to Mr. 
 Pym in a large packet of white paper. Mercurius Aulicus, 3Iarch 18, 1642-3. 
 
 Gloucester. — Saturday, March 2^^. This day it was confirmed for certaine, as 
 before doubtfully reported, that Sir William Waller had left Malmesbury, and was 
 gone to Gloucester. Mercurius Aulicus, March 25, 1642-3. 
 
 Gloucester. — Tuesday. March 2S. This day was taken up in scanning and exa- 
 mining the reports, which came from Gloucester, touching a blow said to be given by 
 Waller to the Lord Herbert's forces neare that city, which being first noised to be a 
 total overthrow of that little army, and after confidently affirmed to be nothing so, but 
 rather that they had the better, and repulsed the enemy, ended at last in this relation: 
 That the Lord Herbert had intrenched his forces at a place called Hincham, on the 
 further side of Gloucester, beyond the Severne, expecting forces to come downe from 
 the hither side, and so block it up. That Waller perceiving the co-operation of the 
 King's other forces with those at Hincham would be a great danger to the towne, 
 passed over the Severne secretly at a place called iVeivnliam about Friday, and fell 
 upon the back of the Lord Herberfs quarters, who then was at the court, but met 
 with such resistance there that he lost 400 of his men ; and so gave over for that time. 
 Finding the next day that the King's forces were willing to admit of parley, he hearkened 
 to it, and entertained a treaty with them, having lost so many of his men in the for- 
 mer onfalls. But while they were upon debate of the conditions, and almost come to 
 a conclusion, some of his men perceiving one of the outworkes to be but meanly 
 manned (most of the souldiers being withdrawne in confidence of some faire end by 
 the present parley) gave on upon the same, and wonue it, and from thence set upon 
 the rest ; that the horse, both troopers and dragoons, seeing how little hopes there was 
 of safety, if they should abide it, went fairly off', and saved themselves for better times; 
 leaving about 300 of their foot behinde them, who were had prisoners into Gloucester, 
 
 besides
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 63 
 
 besides 30O or thereabouts, which were killed in the defence of the workes. This 
 is the sum me of the intelligence, as neare as possibly I could collect it. Mercuriiis 
 Aulkus, March 28, 1 642-3. 
 
 Tewksbury. — fVednesdai/, Maivh 2g. Newes also came this day, that Sir Wil- 
 liam Waller having by his perfidiousnesse and treachery beaten up the Lord Herbert's 
 quarters, as before was said, had marched to Tewkesbury, which he tooke and pil- 
 laged : his Majestie's forces there (which were but few) withdrawing themselves from 
 thence by a timely providence, as soone as they heard of his approach : but that he 
 presently retired to (iloucester, not daring to adventure farther into the country, for 
 feare of Prince Maurice, and his troupes, who was come to Cyrencester, and joyned 
 with those other forces, which were before sent thither under the Lord Grandison. 
 Mercuriiis JtiUcns, March 29, lf)42-3. 
 
 Gloucester. — The first newes of this day, being Easter day, had somewhat in it of 
 a Resurrection, it being advertised in the morning, that captaine Walker and other 
 of the chiefe commanders, which were taken by Sir William Waller at Malmesbury 
 and thence carried prisoners into Gloucester, had made an escape out of that towne 
 and were come safe to Malmesbury again: captain Walker with the other three officers 
 having gotten thither on Saturday in the afternoone, hemg Easter-eve. Mercurius 
 Aulicus, April 2 — 9, 1<543. 
 
 Tewksbury. — It was also certified, by the said messenger, that after Waller had 
 left Tewkesbury, which his souldiers quitted in such hast upon the noise of Prince 
 Maurice his coming, that some of them ranne into the Severn to avoid the danger ; 
 the King's forces entred the same againe; and that, besides the companies which were 
 there before, there are 300 commanded men put into it also, all of them being well 
 armed and furnished with ammunition, which before was wanting; and for the want 
 of which tht!y had before withdrawne themselves at the approach of the enemy. 
 Mercurius Aulicus, April 2 — 9, l6'43. 
 
 Gloucester. — Friduij, April 7. This day it was advertised from Tewheshury, that 
 Sir William Waller lay at Rosse, within eight miles of //erp/o/v/, upon Sunday night; 
 and that on Tuesday morning he marched to Goodrich Castle, from thence intending 
 to goe for Monmouth or Ragland Castle, the chiefe seat of the Marquesse of Wor- 
 cester ; that his whole forces u ere not above 2000 men and foure pieces of ordinance, 
 and yet that hee had left no more men in Gloucester than hee found there at his 
 comming thither; which clearly shewes at how great rates he bought his victory of the 
 Lord llerberfs forces, and two daies possession onely of the town of Malmesbury; 
 and finally, that lice had caused hisjlat-boats to be drawne from Glocester downe by 
 the Severne, to provide for !iis passage over the river, in case Prince Maurice follow 
 after him. And of the Prince it was advertised, that uj)on Wednesday morning 
 last hee marched to Lidl)\iry, a towne of Herefordshire, intending the next day to be 
 at Rosse, and to follow Waller at the heeles, and either stop his passage over the Se- 
 verne, or give him battaile. It is afi^rmed also, that the Lord Herbert's forces are much 
 increased, and greater farre tiian they were before; the Pf'elchmen comming in unto 
 
 him
 
 64 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 him with great courage and readinesse, in hope to be revenged of Waller for his perfi- 
 diousnesse and treachery, shewed to their countrimen at Hincham. Mercurius Auli- 
 cus, April 2 — 9, 1643. 
 
 Newnham. — It was advertised this day also that upon Munday last Sir William 
 Waller with all his forces came from Chepstow, and marching all that night came 
 upon Tuesday morning by six of the clocke as farre as Little Deane (a village in 
 the forest of Deane) with an intention to assault and surprize Prince Maurice his 
 quarters, as he had done the Lord Herbert's not long before : but that the Prince 
 retreated out of Little Deane, where and in the villages about it he had been quartered, 
 and drew his forces to an hill, not far off, without losse at all. That Waller being on 
 another hill, within sight of them, possessed himselfe of Little Deane, which the 
 Prince had quitted, and made it good about two houres, till by the Prince they were 
 beaten out with the losse of about 60 of their foot ; and that the rest (of the foot) being 
 totally routed and defeated, and throwing downe their armes, fled away in haste unto 
 the woods and hills adjoining, so that it could not be conjectured how many of them 
 had been slaine in the execution : that Waller, being thus put to it, marched againe 
 towards Chepstow, Prince Maurice following close upon him with his conquering 
 army, and the Lord Herbert being before him with his Welsh forces, so that it was 
 believed he could not easily escape. What became of him afterwards you shall 
 shortly heare. 
 
 Tewkesbury. — But it was certified withall (though by later messengers) what ill 
 success this fortunate successe produced. For those of his Majestie's forces, which 
 were left in Tewksbury, upon receipt of this good news, grew so secure, if not so care- 
 lesse of themselves, that they neglected to keep their watches, and so became an easy 
 prey unto the enemy, who coming up the water in boats from Gloucester, to the num- 
 ber of 400 or thereabouts, made themselves masters of the towne, ere they were disco- 
 vered, seized on the officers and souldiers as they were asleep, carried their armes 
 and horses away to Gloucester, took prisoners most of the commanders and some 
 common souldiers, and so returned againe without any losse. So that comparing 
 this with some former accidents, a man may easily observe, that his Majestie hath 
 lost more by the negligence of his owne men than the power and valour of his ene- 
 mies. Mercurius Aulicits, Aprils — 16, 1643. 
 
 Gloucester. ") Friday, April 14. This day there came relation of a second fight 
 
 Tewksbury. J betwixt the forces of Prince Maurice and Sir William Waller: it 
 being related, that after the defeate at Little Deane, Waller retiring with his horse, 
 had by by-pathes and unsuspected waies got in safe to Gloucester, and from thence 
 taking with him some commanded men out of the garrison there, had entered Tewkes- 
 bury, being made ready to his hands (as before was noted) intending to have kept 
 the Prince beyond the Severne; but that the Prince hearing how he had stolen away, 
 and warily suspecting what his plot might be, had sent 500 horse before to gain Upton 
 Bridge, which was done accordingly, that the Prince, having crossed the Severne, 
 drew towards Tewkesbury, where Waller tarried to expect him, and for his entertain- 
 ment
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 65 
 
 ment had lined the hedges thereabouts with good musketeers, with an intent to brave 
 the Prince, with some troopes of horse ; and so by that bravado to intice his army 
 within the reach and compasse of his ambuscado ; that the Prince, knowing whome 
 he was to deale witii, having repulsed the horse so sent out to brave him, pursued no 
 further then the countrie was free and open ; and then commanded some of his 
 choicest foote, to scour the hedges ; which being done he fell so unexpectedly upon 
 them, with the maine body of his forces, that he made them flie, killing about So 
 in the place, besides as many more (as it is conceived), who, flying from the sword, 
 fell into the river, and were there drowned, there being but two only killed of his 
 owne souldiers ; that IValler upon this second beating had recovered * Tewkesbury, 
 which he began to fortifie for his best defence ; and that the Prince was got betwixt 
 him and Gloucester, intending to prevent him from returning thither. What hath 
 beene done since then is not yet made knowne. Mercurius Aiilicus, Apiil Q — \6, 
 
 1643- 
 
 Saturday, April 15. A false report is contradicted, " that Sir William Waller, 
 when he came first to Tewkesbury (after his beating up of the Lord Herbert's quar- 
 ters), tooke 25 of his Majestie's horse, with their pistols, carbines, and other arms, 
 and ^.16,000, in money." Ibid. 
 
 Tewksbury. — JVednesday, April 19, 1643. There came this day some more par- 
 ticular information of the fight at Ripley-Jield, near Teiokesbury, mention whereof 
 was made on Friday April 14, in the last weeke of this Mercurius, viz. that one of 
 Waller's troopes of horse, was by themselves confessed to be cut off by the Prince 
 Maurice's forces ; and that another, which was thought to have saved themselves by 
 running away, was not yet returned unto their fellowes ; his foot being so extreamly 
 routed, that it was thought impossible they should be rallied; so that in the two 
 late fights betwixt Prince Maurice and him it is conceived he hath lost above 500 of 
 his men : as also, that Sir William Waller himselfe, being by accident thrown of his 
 horse in the heate and furie of the battaile, was troden under foote, and so sorely 
 bruised, that it was thought hee could not easily recover, insomuch that it was af- 
 firmed in London, as is advertised by some letters thence, that he was killed, and all 
 his men slaine, except those that fled ; and it was signified, withall, that since the 
 fight Prince Maurice was marched towards Evesham to comfort and refresh his 
 wearied troopes after so long travell, and that on his removeall thither, Waller was 
 safely got to Gloucester, where he still abideth. Mercurius Aulicus, April \6 — 23, 
 
 1643. 
 
 Gloucester. ") — Thursday, April 20, 16"43. It was this day advertised from 
 
 Tewkesbury. J London also, that Sir Arthur Haselrigg, who had accompanied Sir 
 
 fVilliam IValler in his late journey into GlouccstersJiire with a troop of horse, came 
 
 into towne on Tuesday night with no more then 20 of his horse, his troope consisting 
 
 ' i. e. retired to. 
 
 K at
 
 66 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 at the first of "0 ; which made some of their owne suspect that all things did not goe 
 so prosperously with Sir IFilliam IValler, as his letters intimated, when as the 
 troope of such an eminent person as Sir Arthur Haselrig (one knowne sufficiently 
 to be no very ventrous fighter) was so shrewdly lessened. Merciirius AuUcus, April 
 16—23, 1643. 
 
 On Saturdai/, April 22. By his Majestie's especiall command, Prince Maurice, 
 with all his forces, came hack from Gloucestershire. Ibid. 
 
 Gloucester. — Tuesday, May [). It was this day certified, that Sir William Wal- 
 ler, either upon intelligence of Prince Maurice coming that way, or not being able 
 to spare so many of his souldiers as of necessity must be left there in garrison, had 
 quitted Hereford, without much spoyle or hurt done to it, and was retreated back 
 again unto his starting-hole at Gloucester. Mercurius Aulicus, week 19, May 7 — 14. 
 
 Gloucester. — Waller having made an assault [upon Worcester], and being valiantly 
 repulsed, with the losse of I40 of his men, left the enterprize, and retreated back 
 againe to his hold atGlocester. Mercurius Aulicus, May 30, tceek 21. 
 
 On August 10, 1643, commenced the famous siege, of which the best account is 
 here given from a tract (which is extremely scarce), kindly communicated by Mr. 
 Counsel, whose liberality in thus preserving it will be properly appreciated by all 
 friends to History and Literature : — 
 
 '■ A briefe and exact Relation of the most materiall and remarkeable Passages that 
 hapned in the late well-formed (and as valiently defended) Siege laid before the 
 City of Glocester. Collected by John Dorney, Esquire, Towne-clarke of the 
 said City, who was there resident the whole Siege, and applied himselfe wholy 
 to this Businesse. Published by Authority, and entred into the Stationers' Hall- 
 booke, according to Order. London : printed for T/iomas Underhill, at the Signe 
 of the Bible, in Wood-streete, m.dc.xliii. 
 
 " A briefe and exact Diurnall, containing the most materiall and remarkeable Passages 
 that happened in the late well-formed Siege laid before the City of Gloiicester. 
 
 " After the unexpected surrender of Bristoll, the city of Gloucester was assaulted 
 with severall letters, messages, and such verball solicitations, by divers in the King's 
 army of no meane quality, thereby pretending our good, and expressions of their love 
 and care of us, but really intending their own sinister ends, and our destruction. 
 Amongst the rest, there came a letter on Friday, August 4, dated August 3, from 
 a captaine of a troope of horse in the King's army, to Mr. Alderman Pury, one of 
 the burgesses of the Parliament for this city, full of perswasive oratory for the yeelding 
 uj) of this city, with great promises as heretofore of preferment, and braggs of the 
 greatnesse of the army, that was then on their march coming against us, viz. all 
 
 Prince
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 67 
 
 Prince Rupert's forces from BristoU, with addition of 150O armed Welch, and 2000 
 club-men'' out of Wales, and armes sufficient to arme them, from Brlstoll ; 800 
 foote, with a regimenent (sic) of horse, from Ji'orcester ; and 5000 foote, with a 
 brigado of horse of the Queene's forces, from Oxford; and, if he would send an 
 answer, it must be by the Sunday night following, or not at all : but Mr. Alderman 
 Purl) (whose fidelity is sufficiently known to be so firme to the Parliament, that it is 
 not to be shaken by promises or threats) thinking it not worthy of, so accordingly- 
 sent no answer. 
 
 " Saturday, August 5. We received intelligence, that about 2000 horse from Bris- 
 toU were advanced within 10 mile of this city, whereupon severall messengers were 
 dispatched to the Parliament. 
 
 " Sunday, August 6. Generall Garret faced this city with a brigado of horse in 
 Tredworth Field, and sent a trumpeter to the governour for 4 horses of his, formerly 
 taken by a party of ours in Cotswold, for which he offered others in exchange for 
 them, or any other satisfaction. In the after-noone a small party of horse and foote, 
 commanded by Captaine Blunt, and assisted by Lieutenant-collonel Matthewes, 
 Captaine IVhite, Captaine Pury the younger, and Captaine-lieutenant Harcus, 
 issued forth of the North-gate, and at fVotton tooke about 10 prisoners, and sending 
 home the foote, the said captaines, with the few horse they had, went along to Upton 
 St. Leonard's, and thence to the foote of Painsicicke's-YliW, on the top of which 
 they discovered a party of the enemie's horse, and so going round about by Matsov, 
 they retreated without the losse or hurt of any. This day we wrought hard in the 
 amending and repairing of our bulvvarkes. 
 
 " Munday, August 7. Newes came to Captaine Pury, the younger, to Gloucester, 
 that the enemy was plundering at Tujjieigh, about a mile and halfe from Gloucester, 
 newly assigned for his quarters for the billeting of his souldiers, who thereupon 
 acquainted Captaine Evans therewith, resolving to take what men of theirs they could 
 on the suddaine get to surprize the enemy ; but being come thither, assisted with 
 Lieutenant Pierce, they understood that they were gone away with their plunder to 
 Mr. flood's house at Brockthroppe, about a mile and a halfe further. They there- 
 upon (having not above 40 foote, and some few of Captaine Backhouse's horse) left 
 some few foote to secure their retreat, and with the rest marched forward to meet 
 with the enemy, skirmished with them, compelled them to take refuge in the house, 
 killed one in the orchard, and hurt or killed others in the house, and tooke one pri- 
 soner and 7 horses : but perceiving a party of horse, that looked-on on the hill all 
 the while to make towards them, they were forced to retreat without any losse, onl}' 
 one, through his own indiscretion, taken prisoner. As they were just at the towne's- 
 end they met with the governor and a party of musketteers coming to their rescue, 
 newes being brought into towne that they were in danger of being cut off. 
 
 '' The meaning of this word may be got at from the following passage in Holinshed : " making their 
 assemblie, not generallie, of all that were able to beare a club." Vol. VI. p. 64. F. 
 
 " Tuesday,
 
 68 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 " Tuesday, August 8. We understood that the King, with all the foote from Bris- 
 toll, and carriages, were come to Berkeley, and that they intended to speede their 
 march towards us. 
 
 " Wednesday, August g. We had intelligence, that provision was made for the 
 entertainement of his Majesty at Prbicknedge, in the Lady Bridgemans house, 
 about 3 miles off the city, and that the foote and carriages would be there that night; 
 we likewise received intelligence that the Lord Chandos that day dined at Brockworth, 
 at the Lady Guise's there ; whereupon a party went out of the North-gate towards 
 Baruewood, skirmished with the enemy, and did some execution upon them, and 
 amongst the rest, a little boy of Captaine Nelme's company, having shot away all his 
 bullets, charged his musket with a pebble stone, and killed a commander therewith. 
 We retreated without any losse at all. 
 
 "Thursday, August 10. His Majesty, with about 6000 horse and foote, as we 
 conceived, the If'elch and If'orcester forces coming after, faced us in I'redieorth 
 Field, at the foote of Robinhnod''s-h'i\\, about a quarter of a mile off' the towne, and 
 about 2000 horse more faced us in If'alham, within cannon-shot, at randome, of our 
 workes. Towards the afternoone his Majesty sent a message by 2 Heraulds at Armes, 
 whereof the one being Somerset Herald, read the message at the Tolsey, as fol- 
 loweth : — 
 
 " Out of our tender compassion to our city of Glocester, and that it may not 
 receive prejudice by our army, ichich we^ cannot prevent, if we be compelled to 
 assault it ; tve are personally come before it to require the same, and are gratiously 
 pleased to let all the inhabitants of, and all other persons within that city, as ivell 
 souldiers as others, know, that if they shall immediately submit themselves, and de- 
 liver this our city to us, we are contented freely and absolutely to pardon every one 
 of them without exception, and doe assure them, in the word of a King, that they 
 nor any of them shall receive the least damage or prejudice by our army in their 
 persons or estates : but that we ivill appoint such a governour, and a moderate 
 garison to reside there, as shall be both J'or the ease and security of that city, and 
 that whole county. But if they shall neglect this offer of grace and favour, and 
 compell us by the power of our army to reduce that place (which by the helpe of God 
 we doubt not ive shall easily and shortly be able to doe J, they must thanke them- 
 selves for all the calamities and miseries that must befall them. To this message ive 
 expect a cleere and positive answer within 2 houres after the publishing hereof; and 
 by these presents doe give leave to any persons safely to repaire to and returne from 
 lis, tvhotii that city shall desire to imploy unto us in that businesse. And doe require 
 all the officers and souldiers of our army, quietly to suffer them to passe accordingly. 
 
 " The herald mentioned the publishing of this message openly in the streete; but 
 his Majesty by his message not requiring the same, the governour would no wayes 
 permit it. But the heralds being withdrawne, after some debate in satisfying Mr. 
 Major s(;riiples touching his oatli of niajoraltv, an answer was drawne, and unani- 
 mously agreed unto, both by citizens and souldiers, in these words following : — 
 
 " fVe
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 69 
 
 " IVe the inhahitnnts, magistrates, officers and souldlers within this garrison of 
 Gloucester, unto his lUaJestie's gracious 7nessage rcturne this humble ansuer. — 
 That we doe heipe this city according to our oathes and allegiance to andj'or the use 
 of' his Majesty and his royull posterity, and doe accordingly conceive ourselves tvholy 
 hound to obey the cornmands of his Majesty, signified by both Houses of Parliament, 
 and are resolved by God's helpe to keepe this city accordingly. 
 
 " This answer was immediately sent to his Majesty (who was by that time come to 
 Tredivorth-iiek], attended by Prince Charles, the Duke of Yorke, Prince Rupert, 
 Lord Generall Ruthen, &.c.) by Serjeant-major Pudsey, and a citizen, who accord- 
 ingly presented the same, and so returned. Thereupon his Majestie's forces advanced 
 forward into our suburbs, chieflie on the East part into Barton-streete, where we 
 killed a commander from the East gate ; but the houses proved too hot for such in- 
 habitants, for we had after the returne of our messengers, fired all our suburbs on 
 the North, East, and South parts, as being those that could and would have done us 
 most harme: yet one Issold's house in Barton-streete (by reason of a garden betwixt 
 that and the next above) tooke not fire, so that the enemy played from thence with 
 musket-shot against us, till we by 5 or 6 canon- shot from the walles, forced them to 
 quit that place. Our canon likewise from the pen upon the West gate discharged 
 upon the body of horse in IFalham, and doing some small execution there, made 
 them goe seeke better quarters. Our women and maides wrought all this after-noone 
 in the little meade out of our workes in the very faces of those horses, in fetching in 
 turfe for the repairing of our workes; we were forced now through want of men for 
 the guarding of the city itselfe (we being not above I400 at most) to quit our out- 
 guards of the wine-yard, and the two sconces we had formerly made at each corner of 
 the Isle of Alney, for the securing thereof and the river of Seaverne. 
 
 " Friday, August 11. — Upon breake of day we discovered that the enemy had 
 the night before begun their entrenchments in Gawdy-Greene, on the South part of 
 the city, and about Issold's house on the East part, both within lesse then musket- 
 shot of our walls. They had likewise cut the pipes that conveied our water from 
 Robinhood's hill to our conduits, and diverted the course of water that drove our corn- 
 mills, so that we were forced to content ourselves with pumpe and Seaverne water, 
 and to grind our come with horse-mills. Tlieir ])ioneers j)lied their workes in their 
 trenches, the musketteeres on both sides playing hard ; we lost only a boy and a girl 
 through their indiscretion gazing over the walles. The Jf^elsh forces under S'' Wil- 
 liam Vavasor advanced to the wine-yard, where after 2 houres solemnity they with 
 great valour tooke it, nobody being there to make a shot against them. Yet upon 
 their entry of the outward worke, when they saw another within, they according to 
 their knowne prowesse, immediately ran out; yet taking hearte againe, they at last 
 to their eternall glory tooke it. Upon their drawing up on the side of the hill, our 
 demiculverin" discharged from the pen, fell amongst them, and did good execution ; 
 
 ' There were three sorts of dcmi-culverins, 9, 11 , and 13 pounders nearly. Old Military Dictionary. 
 
 we
 
 70 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 we discovered them through our prospectives carrying away their dead or maimed, 
 and afterwards divers gazing where the bullet grazed that durst adventure so farre to 
 kille her nowne cozens and countrymen. Among this crew had that treacherous 
 Adams, once a lieutenant colonell under Sir JVilliam JValler, placed himselfe. They 
 about 2 dayes afterwards, leaving a sufficient guard at the wine-yard, and the sconse 
 by Maysemore, made a bridge of boats there, and joyned with the forces that had 
 now newly come from IJ'orcester and quartered on the north-west side of the city, at 
 Longford and the Khigsholnie, where they made their leagure in two fields there 
 about, lesse than halfe a mile oiF us. The Lord Generall Ruthen had placed his 
 leagure at some grounds behind Lanfhony, within a quarter of a mile of the towne, it 
 being somewhat sheltered from our shot by a rising ground that lay betweene, yet our 
 shot hapned sometime amongst them, and did some execution. There their Lord 
 Generall pitched his tent, and ^7/- Jacob A.sliley quartered at Mr. Wood's house in 
 Barton-siveeie. Captaine Lieutenant Harcus, assisted by Colonell Stevens" ensigne, 
 at midnight issued forth of the South port, with a small party, beat the enemy from 
 their trenches, and brought away many of their shovels and pickaxes. The same 
 night the enemy making an approach in ^rtr/on-street, our canon from the east gate 
 killed G of them, whereof one was a lieutenant-colonell, and another a captaine of the 
 Queene's black regiment under Colonell Blnckwell ; Sir Jacob Ashley was then shot 
 in the arme. The enemy likewise advancing somewhat from Lanthony towards the 
 Barbican, our guards there fired upon them and killed and wounded many of them, 
 as we have received information by divers confessions. 
 
 " August 12, Saterday. In the forenoon a party commanded by Captaine Leive- 
 tenant (sic) Harms, sallied forth through a door we made for that purpose in a 
 brick-house adjoyning to the towne wall on the South-east part over against Rignall 
 stile (making a bridge of ladders over the moat) and fell into the enemies trenches in 
 Gawdy Green, beat them out, gained some working tooles, arms, and prisoners, and 
 retreated without losse of any, onely two wounded. This was a hot skirmish for the 
 space of halfe an houre. In the afternoon a party of about 150 musketteers com- 
 manded by Captain Gray sallied forth over the works at the little mead, and fell upon 
 the enemies quarters at the Kingsholme, marched up to their main-guard, there killed 
 Captain Rumney and about 8 or 9 common souldiers, took 5 prisoners and divers 
 armes, burnt their main-guard, and houses they quartered in, and retreated without 
 the losse of any. These were the Worcester forces, with whom the Welsh had not 
 yet joyned. The same afternoon, after our retreat the enemie had planted two great 
 culverins of between 15 and 16 pound bullet at the East side out of musket shot 
 point blanke, with which they made some store of shot, intending to batter the town- 
 wall, but did no harm, although many fell into the town, i hey then likewise began 
 the making of a redoubt in a field near Lanthony towards Severn, making a breast- 
 work from it to Lanthony wall crosse the causey. And we perceiving by their canon 
 baskets they placed in their square redoubt in Gawdy Green, that they intended a 
 
 battery
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 71 
 
 battery there, began the lininge of our townc wall from the South to the East gate, 
 which we shortly after perfected ; that night the enemy shot severall great granadoes 
 out of their morter pieces ; they all brake, but did no harme ; we have since received 
 intelligence from some that were the whole leaguer in the King's army, that their biggest 
 morter-piece brake at the first discharging of it ; they say the biggest in England. 
 
 " Sunday, August 13. The enemy having planted three pieces of ordnance on their 
 battery at Gawdy Green of 15 and 23 lb. bullet weight, began to batter the wall and 
 brick house over against Rignall stile, killed one of our men (no souldier) in the said 
 brick house, as he was peeping there, but did no other harm. This day we began 
 the blocking up of the South port, making a damme of earth against the draw bridge, 
 and a breast-work canon proofe against the wall, reaching from the draw bridge to 
 the gate, and lining the houses on each side, and the almes-house between the gate 
 and draw-bridge with earth. 
 
 " Munday, August 14. We had some suspition and kind of intelligence, that 
 they were drawing ordnance to the Kingshome, and that it lay in some grounds 
 undiscovered between the North gate and the Margarets ; whereupon a party of about 
 150 musketteers commanded by Captaine Mallery sallied forth of the North port to 
 surprize it, but not finding any, retreated, without losse, but killed four of the 
 enemies, and took two prisoners, and fired some of their quarters at the Margarets. 
 This day the enemy played with their ordnance from Gawdy Green, and battered the 
 town wall on the South side of the Fryers Orchard, but we quickly made up the 
 breach with wool-sackes and canon-baskets. By this time they had drawn their 
 trench in Gawdy Green near the moat at Rignall stile, where they made a kind of 
 mine to drain the moat, which much sunk the water of the moat, between the South 
 and East ports. 
 
 " Tuesday, I5 August. The enemy removed their tents and carriages to their 
 leaguer near Lanthony. And in the afternoon valiant James Harcus, Captaine- 
 lievetenant to the Earl oi Stamford, was slaine in the Fryars Orchard, who was too 
 venterously looking what execution a granado had done, which he then threw into 
 the enemies trenches. 
 
 " Wednesday, 16 August. About 1,50 musketteers commanded by Captaine Crispe 
 sallied out at the North port, and fell upon the enemies trenches upon the East side 
 of the Friars Orclvard, killed above 100 men (as is confessed by some of the enemies 
 themselves) wounded many, beat tliem out of their trenches, took some spades, shovels, 
 and arms, and retreated without the losse of any, only two wounded, after an exceeding 
 hot skirmish for the space of halfe an hour or more, the canon and muskets on both 
 sides playing most furiously. Amongst others a serjeant and corporall of Captaine 
 Nebnes com|)any were observed to behave themselves very bravely. The eneniie be- 
 gan this day to intrench betweene Barton-street and the Fryars Barne, within nuisket 
 shot of the walls. And we imployed some time in lining of the house adjoining to 
 the North gate with earth, dnd in amending and strengthening the works about the 
 Fryars Barne. 
 
 " Thursday,
 
 72 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 " Thursday. 17 August. The enemy shot divers granadoes out of their battery in 
 Gawdy Green into the towne; whereof about four fell upon some houses, and brake 
 into them, but (by God's providence) did no harm, and one fell into the street near 
 the South gate, but a woman coming by with a ])ayle of water, threw the water 
 thereon, and extinguished the phuse thereof, so that it did not break, but was taken 
 up whole: it weighed Go j^ound weight. This night the enemy made divers alarmes 
 about the city, and our ordnance and. muskettiers })laied hard against them. They 
 then likewise brought fagots and the like to the moate by the Fryars Orchard, but 
 were beaten off by our musketteers from the wals. This day a printed paper con- 
 teyning the King's message, and our answer thereunto, was sent out of the King's 
 army unto Mr. Alderman Pury with a perswasive letter for the surrendering up of the 
 citie, the close of which printed paper runs thus : — Let the iiorld now judge, if Ids 
 3IaJestie could have sent a more gratious message to his most loyall subjects, and 
 whether these desperate relets deserve any mercy, tvho aj'ter so many offers do still 
 refuse a pardon. ; hut since their returning this rebellious answer they have set their 
 own suburbs onjire; lohich surely is not to keep the city either for King or Parlia- 
 ment. Printed at Oxford, &c. — At the same time there was also sent unto him cer- 
 tain specious considerations and reasons subtilly composed to satisfie conscience'' in 
 the delivering up of the citie notwithstanding the late oath and protestation, where- 
 withall the said Capt. Pury being not convinced, did not divulge the same till after 
 the siege was raised. 
 
 "Friday, 18 August. The enemy played with their ordnance at Gawdy Green 
 upon the wall on the South side of the Fryars Orchard, but did small hurt thereunto. 
 They having likewise (after the conjunction of the l-Felsh with the Worcester forces) 
 drawn 4 pieces of ordnance to the Kingsholme, one whereof they planted against the 
 Awnyate, and the sconces thereunto adjoyning. A partie of about 400 muskettiers 
 commanded by Major PMrf.vey and Captain Gro?/, assisted by Captain Fa?</^;zer and 
 Captain IMussie, sallied forth of the North gate, being led by one fFeaver, a stout fel- 
 low of Captain Pu7-y the younger's company, as their guide, and having sent Lieu- 
 tenant Pincoche with about 50 musketteers over the workes at the little meade to give 
 them an alarme, who advancing up to their canon (that made but one shot against 
 them) in the mean while they got behind their canon and brest-work there, and fell 
 upon their maine-guard, killed divers of their officers, and two carroneers, with about 
 100 common souldiers, mortally wounded Captain Basset with divers others, took 
 Lieutenant Tipper and about 4 others prisoners, nailed their canon, and retreated 
 without other losse than 2 killed, and about 4 taken prisoners. 
 
 " Saturday, August 19. The enemy having planted 3 peeces of ordinance at Gawdy 
 Greene, as aforesaid, and now 3 more on the East side of the Fryars Orchard neare 
 
 ^ Here is an allusion to customs of the ajje. In the papers of the day are advertisements from persons to 
 resolve cases of conscience. F. from memory. 
 
 Rignall
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 73 
 
 Rignalt style, within lesse than pistoll-shot of the town-wall, and two more in another 
 battery neare the East gate. They began a most furious battery upon both sides of the 
 corner of the wall neare the Rignnll stile, making above I50 great shot thereupon, 
 wherewith they shrewdly battered the wall, but our earth-workes stood firme ; by all 
 this shot there was only a man and a maide hurt ; and a canon-bullet, its force being 
 almost spent, running along the ground struck down a pigge, which our souldiers eat, 
 and afterwards well jeered the enemy therewith. Upon this battery of the wall, he 
 began a brest work from the wall on the South side of the Fryars Orchard, all along 
 the middle of the said orchard, and so making up all passages into the towne between 
 that and the East gate. This day (as hath beene confessed by some of the king's army) 
 we killed three of their principall canoneers. This day and the night following the 
 enemy shot divers granadoes into the town, whereof one fell in at the top of Mr. 
 Hathivayes house, into his chamber over his kitchen, and thence obliquely descending 
 through the end of the chamber took that with it, and brake in his court. One piece 
 fell in the kitchin chimney, where three women were sitting by the fire, but by God's 
 blessing hurt neither of them. The rest did no other hurt then to houses, and that 
 not much neither. We expected that the enemy would have fallen on this night, 
 whereupon we beate up an alarme with our drummes round about the city. The 
 enemy attempted to make a passage over the moat at the place they had battered, but 
 being descried by our sentinels, they were beaten ofl" with some losse by our mus- 
 ketteers. 
 
 " Sunday, 20 August. This morning that rogue Hatton, one of our canoneers, ran 
 away to the enemy. The enemy followed hard their trench-work and carrying of 
 fagots. And some of ours, whilst other went to church, as at other times, to implore 
 Divine assistance, wrought likewise at our works within the city. 
 
 " Munday, ^w^»Ai 21. Two severall parties were designed for the nailing of the 
 enemies canon. The one being about 200 musketteers, commanded by Captaine Ste- 
 venson, and assisted by Captaine Moore, sallied forth at the North gate to have fallen 
 upon their trenches at the East gate, but their guide foolishly mistaking the way, 
 brought them round about to .S'. Jacob Ashless quarters at the Barton, where about 
 40 muskettiers encountred with five colours of the enemy, and having slaine divers of 
 them and taken Lievetenant Anderson, and Lievetenant Truppes, prisoners, forced 
 them to a retreat; then marching through the Burton Court, they faced and fired at 
 eight coulors more, and so retreated. In the retreat two troops of the enemies horse 
 came upon the reere, but ensigne Matthewes facing about, charged them and forcing 
 them to retyre, made good our retreat. In this skirmish were two killed, three hurt, 
 and a Serjeant of Captain IVelmes taken prisoner. This party was all of Colonel 
 Stephens regiment, and some few of Colonell Decereux men. The other was of the 
 Lord Stamford's regiment commanded by Captain Blunt, assisted by Captain William 
 IVliite, who sallied forth by boat downe Severne, and marched up to the enemies 
 ouarters at Severne Street, beat the enemy out of their redoubt there (our canon the 
 
 L mean
 
 74 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 mean while playing from the Barbican upon the houses there) killed Serjeant Major 
 IVels, captain of the watch, and some common souldiers, took one prisoner, and ad- 
 vanced up to the turnpike at the upper end of Severn Street. But the designe failing 
 through the misguidance of the other party, they were called off, and by the help of 
 our ordnance from the Barbican made a fair retreat, without losse of any, only two 
 wounded. 
 
 " Wednesday, August 23. About 15 musketeers sallied out of the North gate, and 
 gave the enemies an alarme, and so retreated. This day the enemy received supply 
 of prvision (sic) and ammunition by water from Bristol!. We employed ourselves in 
 Ivning the Friar's Barne on the outside with earth, for the preservation of our canon 
 there, and in strengthening of our brestworks there, conceiving the enemy had in- 
 tended a battery against it. In the evening, the enemy shot some few granadoes into 
 the town, which did no harme. And about 9 of the clocke at night two of ours out 
 of a company (all the other sallies being in like manner commanded men out of both 
 regiments) sallied out of the North gate, and giving the enemy an allarme retreated. 
 The enemy thereupon after our retreate spent good store of powder and shot. 
 
 " Thursday, August 24. This day there was a conference with Mr. Bell of Sanct- 
 hurst and M. Hilh of Tewxbury, within the draw-bridge at the North gate, upon 
 their desire thereof by a letter sent that morning, intimating thereby, that they had 
 something to impart unto us for our good by word of mouth, which could not be 
 done by letter or otherwise. The effect of their speech was to perswade the yeelding 
 up of the citie in regard of the great power, and terrible threats of the enemy, and 
 the small hopes, and in a manner impossibility of relief, withall adding the heavy 
 Inirthens under which the countrey groaned, which they said were likely to j)rove 
 heavier, if we yeelded not. To this speech they received a resolute negative answer, 
 and so departed. The enemy made divers shot this day with two pieces of ordnance 
 they had newly planted at Lanthnuy, but did little hurt, killed none. One bullet of 
 about 20 pound weight came through a chamber of the inne called the Crown, carried 
 a boulster before it into the window, and there slept in it. This night came the only 
 rain that happened during the whole siege, which much annoyed the enemy in their 
 trenches. This night we discovered a fire upon Wainloades-hill, which gave us some 
 encouragement, because we had appointed a man, we had formerly sent out, if he 
 heard of any relief and could not come to tell us thereof to make a fire there, which 
 he now did accordingly. But the -enemy not willing the countrey should take notice 
 of it, or their souldiers be discouraged thereby, endeavoured to perswade them it was 
 their stratageme, purposely made to deceive us, and to draw us into some ambuscadoes 
 they pretended to have laid. 
 
 " Friday, August 25. Some few muskettiers of ours this morning sallied forth of 
 the North port and gave the enemy an alarm, who through the suddennesse of the 
 
 e See some curious verses hereafter about Bell and Hill in reference to this negociation. 
 
 alarm.
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 75 
 
 alarm, and hurly burly thereupon, had a barrell of powder blovvne up. In the after- 
 noone their ordnance playd from Gawdie-greene, and they hkewise from thence shot 
 many granadoes ; two fell into the South-gate Streete, whereof one mortally wounded 
 a woman, but did no other harme; some others fell upon severall houses in the citie, 
 and shrewdly battered them, but did no other hurt: one fell downe upon the enemies 
 workes. They shot likewise great fire-balls, which did no harme. They also shot 
 great stones out of their morter-pieces, which did little hurt and killed none. In the 
 evening and night following, they shot from their battery at Lanthonif above twenty 
 fiery melting hot iron bullets, some iS pound, others 22 pound waight. In the night 
 wee perceived them flying in the ayre, like a starre shooting ; most of them fell into 
 houses and stables where hay was, but by God's great providence did no hurt at all. 
 One came through three houses and fell into a chamber of Mr. ComeUnes the apo- 
 thecary, and being perceived, many payles of water were cast upon it to quench the 
 same, but that little avayling, it was cast into a cowle of water, where after a good 
 space it cooled. This night (it being suspected that false rumours of our being taken 
 might be spread abroad to hinder our reliefe) it was ordered that some lights should 
 be set up on the Colledge-Tower, to give notice abroad of our holding out; the per- 
 formance whereof was committed to the care of Captain Pwri/ junior, who jjerformed 
 it accordingly. The enemy vexed thereat levelled some shot at the Tower, one whereof 
 came close by the said Captain Purii as he was looking towards Lanthony, whence 
 their fiery bullets came, who for all that continued the burning of his linkes till the 
 moone was fully risen. 
 
 " Saturday, Jiigust 2(). The enemy wrought hard in filling up the moate (at the 
 place they had battered) with fagotts and earth, making a gallery over the head of their 
 trench, to save themselves from our shot: at night they made some shot from their 
 Battery at Gawdi/ Greene upon the Town-wall on the South side of the Fryars Or- 
 chard, but did no harm, onely two or three hurt a little by the flying of the stones of 
 the wall. Divers times during this siege some of our men would go forth over the 
 works, and fetch hay out of IValham, which to prevent the enemy this day, as often 
 before, set some of the cockes on fire, which some by reason of our shot, I beleeve 
 dearely repented. 
 
 " Sunday, August 27. The enemy wrought hard in casting earth into the moate, 
 and making divers trenches elsewhere. They also this day made about twenty great 
 shot upon the house over the East gate. 
 
 " Monday, August 28. Wee conceived that the enemy had sunke a mine under 
 the East gate, whereupon we began to countermine in two severall places there, but 
 finding springs we left off", conceiving the enemy would be forced to doe the like for 
 the same reason. 
 
 " Tuesday, August 29. We began to undermine on the East side of the Fryars 
 Orchard to make a place to put forth a piece of ordnance at the bottome of the wall, 
 to batter the flanke of the enemies gallery ; there we likewise made some great shot 
 
 upon
 
 76 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 upon the enemies trenches at the East gate from the Fryers Barn. This night two 
 intelligencers we had sent forth on Saturday night last, returned from IVarwicke with 
 newes of speedy reliefe from his Excellency and Sir William Waller. 
 
 "Wednesday, Aitgtist ^0. Being the pubjique fast-day, there were two sermons 
 preached at St. Nicholas without any disturbance, onely a musket-bullet fell into the 
 church, but did no harme. This day we turned out our cattle to graze in the little 
 meade, and so continued them afterwards, guarded by some muskettiers, taking them 
 in at night: wee made a bridge of ladders, and thereby put them in over the workes. 
 This day and the day before, the enemy shot out of their canon long loggetts of wood, 
 which did no harme. 
 
 " Thursday, August 31. Wee againe turned out most of our cattle into the little 
 meade, guarded by some few muskettiers; the enemy, fretting thereat, sent out some 
 horse and straggling muskettiers, upon whom wee did some small execution ; wee 
 should have done more, durst the enemy have adventured against us, but they kept 
 themselves still almost musket shot at randome of us. At the Barbican three of the 
 company of Sergeant Major Ferrer (Major of the Towne, who for his indefatigable 
 paines, and extraordinary care and faithfulnesse to us, hath exceedingly deserved of us 
 and the whole kingdome) crept along Seavern-Bank, and gave the enemy an alarm, 
 holding them play almost an houre: upon the alarm about an hundred of the enemies 
 had gathered themselves under a wall at Lanthoni/, upon whom wee discharged a 
 demi-culvering, shot from the Barbican, which lighted in the midst of them, made 
 the stones of the wall fly about their eares, and could not but doe good execution. 
 
 " Fryday, September 1. About three a clock in the morning, a sergeant and foure 
 more of Captaine ffliite\s company, with one John Barnewood of Captain Pury the 
 elder's company (who went forth in all the other salies with granadoes), crept forth of 
 a hole made in the dungeon at the East gate, and came very softly to the mouth of the 
 enemies mine there. The said Barnewood, after he had taken aside the board that 
 covered it, and a pretty while viewed them, fired and cast a granadoe in amongst them, 
 our foure muskettiers playing at them as they ran out of it, and so retreated without 
 harme. Wee killed foure and hurt others. This put the enemy into a great fright, 
 they crying nothing, but arme, arme, for a good while after. 
 
 " Saturday, September 2. Our mine in the Fryar's Orchard was early this morning 
 perfected, and a sacre [either a 5, 6, or 7 pounder was so called] placed there. Five 
 out of a company were drawne out upon the walles, and some granadoes provided 
 ready. About eight a clock in the morning we playd thence with our great gunne 
 upon their gallery, our muskettiers sending plenty of shot into their trenches, and cast 
 <iivers granadoes thereinto. The enemy played with their ordnance upon the top of 
 our wall, with which hitting one of our blinds, they killed one of our men, as he was 
 discharging his musket against them. They played likewise with their canon in 
 Gawdy-Greene upon the South gate to little purpose. Wee battered their gallery 
 with our bolt shot; but towards the evening the enemy had sunke a peice against the 
 
 port-hole
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 77 
 
 port-hole of our mine, so that we were forced to withdraw our sacre thence. About 
 night they shot some granadoes into the towne, whereof one fell upon a stable in the 
 East-gate Street, neer vvhereunto stood many horses, but hurt none of them. Our 
 men skirmished this day, with some straggling men in Walham, where they killed a 
 corporall, that refused quarter. We discovered that the enemy, for all the springs, 
 went on with their mine at the East gate, whereupon wee renewed our countermine 
 there. The Welshmen at the Wine yard had likewise now at last gotten the heart to 
 advance as far as the Towne Ham, where placing themselves in a ditch, they played 
 upon our maides and workmen that were fetching turffes out of the little meade; but 
 our great gunne at the pen speaking some harsh language to them, frighted them away, 
 bereaving some of their owne native language. 
 
 " Sunday, September 2,- In the forenoone the congregation assembled at the church 
 to performe holy duties, but the minister being informed of our great danger conceived 
 at the East gate, the enemy having planted store of canon-baskets there, within lesse 
 then halfe musket shot, intending a battery there, as we conceived, upon the springing 
 of their mine, dismissed the congregation without any sermon. Whereupon we began 
 the lining of the houses over the East gate, and the making of a very strong brestworke 
 crosse the East-gate Streete, with a large trench before it, filled by some springs there, 
 intending to raise it up to the eaves of the houses, and to plant some canon there. 
 Wee also this day finished the sconce we began September i. upon the mount in the 
 garden by the Fryars Orchard, where we could plant foure pieces of canon to scoure 
 the Fryars Orchard, and all along the East gate. The enemy with some stragling horse 
 and foote vapoured this day in the ffalliam, but durst not come within the reach of 
 our musquetiers. Upon the retreate of the horse a peece of ordnance, from Captain 
 Purif the elder's sconce, fired and fell in the midst of them ; a white horse was scene 
 to fall. In the afternoone a paper was shot upon an arrow into the towne, the contents 
 whereof was this: These are to let you understand your god Waller hath forsaken 
 you, and hath retired himselfe to the Tower 0/ London. Essex is beaten like a dog; 
 yeelde to the Kings mercie in time, otherwise, if we enter perforce, no quarter, for 
 such obstinate traiterly rogues. From a icell wisher. 
 
 " To which presently upon another arrow was returned this answer: 
 Waller's no god of ours, base rogues, ye lie. 
 Our God survives from all eternity; . 
 Though Essex beaten be, as you dne say, 
 Rome's yoke we are resole d nere to obey : 
 But for our cabages which ye have eaten 
 Be sure ere long ye shall be soundly beaten. 
 Quarter we ask you none; if we fall doivne. 
 King CHARLES will lose true subjects with the towne. 
 
 So saith your best friend, if you make timely use of him, 
 
 Nicholas Cudgel you well. 
 
 " Munday,
 
 78 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 " Monday, September 4. We perceived divers carts loden with sick and maimed 
 souldiers going from Lanthony to the water-side at Sudmeade, where some boats at- 
 tended to carry them to Bristol. The enemy had taken up all their horse about the 
 towne, so we had some hopes of their rasing the siege. This morning earlv our 
 miners had gotten as far as the outward part of the East gate, where by the working 
 of the enemies we perceived their mine to bee sunk a great deale lower then ours, so 
 that we were above them, whereupon we set workemen upon the making of great 
 borers, with which wee intended to bore through our mine into theirs, and so to 
 drowne the enemies mine. We understood likewise that the enemy had by the direc- 
 tion of that jesuitticall Doctor Chillingworfh provided great store of engines after the 
 manner of the Romane Testudines cian Plutels, with which they intended to have 
 assaulted the parts of the city betweene the South and West gates. These engines ran 
 upon cart wheeles with a blind of plankes musket proofe, and holes for foure mus- 
 quetiers to play out of, placed upon the axeltree to defend the musquetiers and those 
 that thrust it forward, and carrying a bridge before it ; the wheeles were to fall into 
 the ditch, and the end of the bridge to rest upon our brest-workes, so making severall 
 compleat bridges to enter the city. To prevent this we intended to have made an- 
 other ditch out of our workes, so that the wheeles falling therein the bridge would 
 have fallen to short of our brestworkes into our wet moat, and so frustrated their inten- 
 tions. After the rasing of the siege, we tooke all these engins, and brought them into 
 the towne. This night we discerned two fires upon Wayiiload-HiW^, made by two 
 messengers we had the night before sent out to give us intelligence if reliefe was 
 coming: we answered them again with lights in the Colledge Tower. The enemie 
 made about six great shot from Lanthony barn, whereof one of 25/fe. bullet weight 
 came through some houses into Muster John Huljord's kitchin, where his children 
 were a little before, but did no hurt. We now perfected the lining of the houses over 
 and by the East gate. 
 
 " Tuesday, September 5, was appointed for a publique fast to be kept within this 
 citty by such as might be spared from labour. In the space between the sermons we 
 discovered their carriages from Lanthony making up Tredworth field ; and afterwards 
 we perceived their foote and horse marching after, yet we were not assured of their 
 raysing of their seige, or that our reliefe was so nere at hand, till we perceived their 
 rere guard to fire their butts, and their men to be drawn out of their trenches ; which 
 we perceiving, some of our men ventured foroth (sic) into their trenches and fired their 
 gallery and canon baskets. And presently after an honest countryman came running 
 into the towne, and told us that his Excellencie had beaten P. Rupert about Stow, 
 and that the rest of the army rose to succour him. We thereupon perceived that God 
 had delivered us, and that we were now freed from the hands of those that had so long 
 thirsted after our blood. To him therefore be the honour and glory. Amen. 
 
 f Bredoii-HiU, in the Letter from Warwick Castle to Sir Sara. Luke, 4to, 1643, p. 6.
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 79 
 
 " It was admirable to observe, 
 
 " l.The constancie of resolution in citizens and souldiers amidst so many tempta- 
 tions by reason of promises, threats, delay of succour, and want of intelligence even to 
 the very end, although we had not in the whole town above 50 single barrels of powder 
 at the beginning of the siege, and not above three or foure at the raising thereof. We 
 kept two powder-mills going, and with them made three barrels a week. 
 
 " 2. The viffilant care and unwearied endeavours of our valiant Governor and most 
 worthy Serjeant Major, and the Officers and Souldiers of both Regiments, in keeping 
 the guards day and night without any reliefe, and the courage and good successe they 
 had in their many sallies against the enemy. 
 
 " 3. The checrfull readinesse of yong and old of both sexes, as well of the better as 
 inferiour sort of people, by day and night, to labour in the further fortification of our 
 citie. Nay, our maids and others wrought daily without the works in the little mead, 
 in fetching in turfe in the very faces of our enemies. 
 
 " 4. The little hurt done by the enemy with their cannon, muskets and mortar 
 peeces, that sent so many terrible messengers amongst us. All that we lost (either 
 taken or slain) amounted not to the number of above 50 men; yet we killed of the 
 enemy (although they never durst venture an assault against us) above a thousand 
 men, as hath been confessed by some prisoners and renegadoes, and is generally 
 confirmed by the voice of the whole countrey, that continually heard the muttering of 
 their souldiers at their return to their quarters; some say 1500, some more: we killed 
 likewise most of their canoniers, so that they were forced to send to BristoU for more, 
 five whereof the King valued before 500 men. 
 
 " 5. I he libertie we had in this strait siege for holy duties, though wee were conti- 
 nually necessitated to bodily labour, and that the siege was raised upon a day of solemne 
 humiliation. 
 
 " 6. How opportunely his Excellencie came with reliefe unto us, through the great 
 care of the Parliament and Citie of London, even then when the enemy thought them- 
 selves ready to devour us : for they had made many strong works and batteries within 
 lesse then pistoll shot of our walls, undermined our gate, and wrought themselves 
 quite over our moat, and provided their engines and bridges in readinesse. In all these 
 they shewed and used extraordinary skill and industry. 
 
 " 7. The plenty and store of provision we had in the town of all sorts, so that we 
 turned out even to the very last houre they staied before us above 200 head of cattell 
 over our workes to graze in the very noses of them, beside others we kept in the town 
 upon hay. 
 
 " S. How confident our enemies were of prevailing, and how often they vainly pro- 
 mised to themselves victory : yet though they conceived mischeife, they brought forth 
 a lie, their designes were blasted, and we, contrary to their expectation, delivered. 
 
 "Which gracious acts of Divine Providence do deeply engage us to praise the Lord 
 of Hosts, with our hearts, lips and lives, who hath gone out with our hosts, whose eye 
 
 hath
 
 So 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 hath watched over us, and whose strong hand was with us. He made us a citie of 
 refuge to others, and hath now been a refuge to us in the time of our distresse. What 
 hath been done by us in our just defence against unlawfull violence hath not proceeded 
 from any disloyalty to our Soveraigne Lord the King (whom God preserve), but out of 
 our endevoiirs to defend true religion and justice, the main pillars of the King's throne: 
 And therefore we far lesse deserve to be stiled desperate rebels then those that pretend 
 themselves good subjects, and are nothing lesse, their practices wholly tending to the 
 subversion of the Protestant Religion, and the destruction of the Common-wealth. 
 
 " Our cause wee commit to Him, that judgeth righteously, upon whom we only 
 depend for our protection, and to whom we daily pray, that He would be reconciled 
 to prince and people, and reconcile each to other, that there may be no more shed- 
 ding of innocent blood, nor bitter complaining heard in our streets. — Laus Deo in 
 crterman. 
 
 " Since the siege September 12 we received intelligence that there was some ammu- 
 nition come from Brisioll in a bark to Newnam (about ten miles from Glocester) for 
 Hereford; whereupon we sent out a party of about 45 foot, and a troop of horse, to 
 seize upon it for the use of our garrison, who according seized upon the same, being 
 two tun of match, and some store of wine, and such other merchandize, and brought 
 it in wains to Glocester. Sir John ff'inter sent out some horse to prevent us, but 
 they durst not come within a mile of us. 
 
 " The Names of' the super iour Officers of both Regiments 
 
 that now lye in Garrison in the Citie of 
 
 GLOCESTER. 
 
 Henry Earle of Stamford, Colonel. 
 Edward Massie, Lientenant Colonel, 
 
 and Governour of Glocester. 
 Constance Ferrer, Major of the Town, 
 and Serjeant Major to this Regiment. 
 Edward Grey, 
 Charles Blunt, 
 Peter Crisp, 
 
 Edward Cotton, )»Captaines. 
 IVilliam White, 
 Robert Malery, 
 George Massie, 
 John Read, Captain Lieutenant. 
 
 Henry Stephens, Colonel. 
 
 Humph. Matthewes, Lieutenant Colonel. 
 
 Isaac Dobson, Serjeant Major. 
 
 William Singletoti, 
 
 Thomas Piiry, senior, 
 
 Luke Nurse, 
 
 John Nelme, 
 
 John Evans, 
 
 Thomas Pury, junior. 
 
 )>Captaines. 
 
 Robert Stevenson, Capt. Lieutenant. 
 
 " There was likewise a broken regiment of dragoones of about 100 men under the 
 command of Col. Forbes, that upon the taking of Bristoll came from Berkeley Castle 
 hither. But the other two regiments do properly belong to this garrison. 
 
 EDWARD
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 8l 
 
 EDWARD MASS IE, Governor. 
 
 Anagram. 
 
 Never miss a good Reward. 
 
 He that doth stand so well upon his guard 
 I hope shall Never miss a good Reward. 
 
 " The Copie of' the Letter metitloned to he sent to Master Aldennan Pury, 
 
 Sept. 4^. 
 " SIR, 
 
 " The affection which I bear you in particular, and the Citie in generall (and no sinis- 
 ter end I call God to record) extorteth these lines from me ; for should I be silent when 
 the desolation of that place (I so dearly affect, and where I have bin so dearly beloved) 
 is at hand ; I co'ceive the very stones of that citie being ruined will rise up against 
 me for ingratitude : But if my advice be not taken, and misery befall both the place 
 and its neighbourhood, the fault shal then rest on you and the now inhabitants, and 
 my conscience cleared. You well know, or at least may have heard, that the citie 
 of Bristoll is taken, twelve ships at sea yeelded, two ships of ammunition from Rachel 
 newly come into the harbour seized on, one ship with great artillery and ammunition 
 coming from the Parliament for reliefe of that citie taken. And this I know, that 
 there are great preparations made for the taking of your citie: All Prince Rupert's 
 forces from Bristoll, with addition of 1500 armed Welsh, and 2000 club men out of 
 Wales, and arms sufficient for to arm them from Bristoll, 800 foot from Worcester, 
 with a regiment of horse, 5000 foot with a brigade of horse of the Oueens from 
 Oxon. But I much fear that this will hardly sinke into the beliefe of some amongst 
 you, yet when you shall hear of the particular randevouzes, and your town surrounded, 
 nay, your houses fired over your eares ; then, when it is too late, I much fear, will be 
 the time of repentance. Wherefore I desire you, as you love God and the good of your 
 citie for which you serve, and the which is committed to your charge and protection, 
 to take into consideration your sad condition, if the citie be taken by force (most of the 
 army being set against you very bitterly). And if it be not taken, in what condition 
 of poverty and misery both your citie and countrey will f^ill into. Is not your provi- 
 sion of corne out oi Herefordshire, your commerce (wherein most of your livelihoods 
 and being subsisted) both up and down the river, taken quite away ? And if you will 
 not consider your own good, yet in conscience think on your neighbours in the coun- 
 try, who have alwayes bin aiding and assisting to you for your protection, who must 
 
 S Read Aug. 3. [F. see p. i.] 
 
 M expect
 
 82 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 expect nothing but ruine, if by no other way, yet by the very lying of so mighty an 
 army amongst them; and if they be ruined, whence can you expect future supplyes? 
 and the very laying of a siege before your town must necessarily produce a destruction 
 to your corn and provision of cattell ; and who will be losers thereby but yourselves I 
 know not. But this I further know, that your ammunition is not over much, your 
 places of supply no where, your enemy continually at your doore, and able to retire to 
 his own home at pleasure, and your friends farre, and utterly unable, or at least not 
 capable to send you present reliefe. I know you to be a conscientious honest man, 
 and one whose aimes (as I have thought) have tended to the publick good, and now is 
 the greatest time and opportunity to demonstrate your affections by using some course 
 for an accommodation between your Citie and his Majesty (who is now here at Bris- 
 tollj, and from whom I dare boldly affirme by some great friends I have neer him at 
 court, I can procure any favour, either for the citie in generall, or yourselfe in parti- 
 cular: and of this you may be confident; but if once the forces come against it, you 
 must expect no manner of mercie, but present ruine: wherefore if you intend any 
 thing, let it be done with speed, and send to my quarter at Charvild, where you may 
 send any one to me without suspition. I beseech you seriously to weigh these things 
 in your breast, and to weigh them as coming from one that dearly loves you and your 
 citie. And God give you all grace to doe that which may most tend to your good, 
 are the prayers of Your reall loving Friend. 
 
 FINIS." 
 
 In a letter from Mr. Bridges to Sir Samuel Luke'' is this paragraph : — " Sir, I finde 
 the Kings Foot there are few, and those in very ill condition, so that whensoever the 
 town makes a sally, the quarter they fall upon runs without striking a blow. The town 
 hath not lost above ten persons, of men, women, and children slain." 
 
 In another penny pamphlet', entitled "A true Relation of the severall Passages 
 which have hapened to our Army since it advanced towards Glocester, with the Man- 
 ner of the Reliefe of the same," &c. &c. printed vSept. 14, 1643, vve have, p. 4, " The 
 enemie having raised his siege on Tuesday in the afternoon and gone the way that 
 leads to Bristol, ivee rested the Thursday [_at Cheltenham] : the next day, being Fry- 
 day, his Excellency inarched into Gloucester, ivith so many of his army as it could 
 containe, and the rest of the armie quartered in the adjacent Parishes." Then follows 
 
 " An Abstract of severall remarkable Passages which happened at Gloucester during 
 the Siege, collected by an Eye-witnesse thereof." 
 
 "The close siege began the tenth of August I643, and was raised the fifth of Septem- 
 ber, during which time there were between three and foure hundred great shot, and 
 above 20 granado's, and as many fiery bullets ; which granado's and fiery bullets did 
 no execution, save only that one woman was killed, and about three others with the 
 
 h 4to, Sept. i. 1643, p. 6, penfes Mr. Counsel. ' Penfes Mr. Counsel. 
 
 great
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 83 
 
 great shot ; neither were there any maimed, but some few lightly hurt. Most that 
 were killed with their musket shot was by looking over the wall at Friars Orchard, to see 
 their workes. The whole number that was killed on our part in the city we cannot 
 guesse to be above fourty ; the losse on their parts we cannot exactly set downe, but by 
 their owne relation there was a list'' of 900 and odde sicke and maimed souldiers, beside 
 those that were killed, which (by the report of the countrey, that saw them carried away) 
 were many, some thousands. Many likewise ran away, and more would, if the horse 
 had not kept them in. These relations are within compasse." 
 
 [hTen follow passages, similar to matters before described by Dorney, except that 
 the answer to the " Arrow letter" is not " Nicholas Cudgel you well;" but "So saith 
 your best friend, if you make timely use of' him."'\ 
 
 In p. 6, are some humourous verses, as follows : — " An Epigram upon two Lawyers, 
 Bell and Hill, who were sent into Glocester to perswade them to yeeld." ' 
 
 Two pettifogging lawyers came of late 
 In love to tell us of our present state. 
 And seemed to be affected with our streights. 
 Thinking to worke us out with their deceits. 
 One speakes as if he had been soundly feed 
 By the Pope's agents ; and tells us in our need 
 No hope of help ; all passages were block'd, 
 We must deliver, or be soundly knock'd. 
 The other sayes. Armies of strength appeare, 
 Yet for his life he could not tell us where ; 
 Storme us they would ; and that in severall places, 
 Although as yet they dare not shew their faces. 
 If storming would not doe, then famine shall. 
 We having beefe, they eating cabidge all : 
 If none of these will perfect their desire. 
 Then without question they'll get all by fire, 
 Being sure to doe it by some grand granado, 
 As erst the Spaniard did with his Armado. 
 The verdict past, amongst the cursed crew. 
 Men, women, children, they must taste of rew. 
 If we refuse to give them enterance 
 Then all alike after their pipe must dance. 
 This was the message : th' answere thus in short — 
 Neighbours, as for your love, we thanke you for't, 
 
 '' One that dwelt in the suburbs saw the list and made report. 
 ' See Dorney before, under August '24. 
 
 But
 
 84 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 But for your bug-beare threats so huge and big, 
 If seven score cannons can but kill one pig, 
 We then have cause to fear nothing but sin 
 Can make a breach to let such Rebels in ; 
 We trust in God, whose power can make you 
 
 quaile, 
 Although you make so sure for to prevaile. 
 Come when you will, and enter where you can, 
 Be sure wee'll fight it out to the last man, 
 And if for to prevaile it be your fate, 
 You'll find we sold our lives at a deare rate. 
 
 Bell. 
 
 All knowjull well, 
 
 21iat every Bell 
 
 Is iiselesse till't be hanged ; 
 
 And none I hope. 
 
 Denies a rope 
 
 To have his sides well hanged. 
 
 Hill. 
 
 This Hill was seen 
 
 In summer green, 
 
 Fresh, f aire andjiourishing ; 
 
 Ahw, Proteus-like, 
 
 'Tis altered quite, 
 
 'Tis Jading, perishing. 
 
 On September 20th was fought the battle of Newbery, and the reason why the Par- 
 liamentarians were permitted to raise the siege, without an action, is thus given in " A 
 True and Impartiall Relation of the Battaile," &c. of Newbery. Oxford, 1643™, — 
 " Your lordship (it says) may be pleased to understand that the Earl of Essex having 
 descended with his army into the vale of Gloucester, before the King could well draw 
 his from the siege up to the hills to fight with him, it was not thought fit to follow him 
 into the inclosed country, where the King should loose the great advantage bee had 
 above him in strength of horse, but raher to make choise of such a place to incamp 
 his army, as might be aptest for these three ends : to accommodate his quarters ; to 
 strengthen him in provisions ; and equally to intercept his flight in a faire country ; 
 whether bee should take it by the way of Worcester towards Warwick, or by the way 
 of Cirencester towards Reading, and to these purposes the towne of Wnchcombe 
 and Sudely Castle were made choyse of as the most appropriate." 
 
 Sir R. Atkins observes, that the attack was made upon the strongest parts of the city ; 
 and it is plain, from the letter before quoted, that the King's troops were not sufficiently 
 disciplined to permit a reliance upon them, in case a breach had been effected, to ad- 
 venture a storm. It appears therefore to have been all along intended to take the city 
 if possible, by investing it, till the provision and ammunition were expended. 
 
 To proceed with the newspapers on both sides. 
 
 " Penfes Mr. Counsel. 
 
 An 
 
 no
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 85 
 
 Anno 1643, from Aug. 10 to Dec. 31. Parliament Newspapers. 
 
 " Aug. 2.9. From near Gloucester there came another messenger to town this day. 
 This reports, they were very well and in a good condition on Saturday last, that the 
 enemy made some assaults against the town on the Wednesday and Thursday, but was 
 bravely repulsed, and (as it is said) the Governor by a sally cutofFsoO of their men : 
 the said messenger also reports of a discovery of a late treachery of the mace- bearer, 
 and 3 or 4 other malignants of the town. They had conveyed themselves into an 
 upper part of the church-steeple with muskets, powder and shot, intending to kill the 
 governor and some others of the chief officers, and in pursuance of their treacherous 
 purpose discharged a musket with much secresie against Captain Gray as he marched 
 with his soldiers by the church-wall, the bullet very nearly escaping him, which he 
 presently after declared to the governor, and upon diligent search made in the church, 
 they were apprehended, and the chief of them presently hanged ; and the mace- 
 bearer's fingers on both hands (as it is said) were cut oft'." Perfect Diurnal, from 
 Aug. 28 to Sept. 4th, 1643. 
 
 Gloucester. — " From Oxford by a private hand it is certified, that the business of 
 Gloucester much discontents them there. The queen is very angry that her counsel 
 was no better hearkened unto in this business : that to speak of the loss the king's 
 forces have received at (Gloucester is as bad at Oxford as treason, and they are sure 
 to be questioned for it by a council of war : that his Majesty came to Oxford with near 
 2000 horse on Sunday last, but intended not to make any stay there, but return to 
 Gloucester within a day or two, and take with him what further supply of footmen 
 could be procured there." Perfect Diurnal, ut supra. 
 
 " From the army the news this day was, that his Excellency [the Earl of Essex] 
 came to Ailesbury on Monday, but part of his forces were on their march with Sargeant 
 Major Skipper further towards Gloucester." Ibid. 
 
 " Thursday, Jug. si- From Gloucester this day the certainty of the town's holding 
 out was again confirmed till Tuesday last ; that there were some assaults made on Sa- 
 turday and Sunday, and the enemy made some breach in the outworks, but it was 
 again made up, and they bravely expelled ; further certifying, that his Majesty had 
 drawn all his forces from Exeter and all the western parts to the siege at Gloucester, 
 and (saith the Oxford Intelligence) intended to make their last adventure by storming 
 the town on Friday next, and make no doubt to win it ; but it may be their confidence 
 will deceive them as it hath done much at least for any time these three weeks ; 
 they have made sundry boasts of their taking of Gloucester, and nothing so, and thus 
 much I hear credibly informed, that the besiegers were in so great amaze what to do 
 since the drawing of the forces from the west, that a council of war was this week 
 called about Standley seven miles from Gloucester to consult with his Majesty, 
 whether were more safe to make an onslaught on the town, or to raise the siege and 
 to retreat into garrison, and they scarce know what to resolve on. However thus much, 
 if they proceed in this attempt there is no doubt, but that the town will be able to 
 
 endure
 
 86 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 endure another assault ; and if they hold out till Saturday next, the Earl of Essex will 
 be upon the back of them, by that time, if not before ; for by a messenger, that 
 brought letters this day to the Parliament from his Excellency it is certified, that he 
 advanced from Ailesbury on Wednesday morning, and appointed to muster on Brack- 
 ley Heath on Thursday, where the Lord Gray from Leicestershire, and Colonel Harvey 
 and the rest, with near 4000 horse and foot from Surrey, Sussex and Kent were to 
 join with him and march to Gloucester." Perfect Diurnal, from Aug. 2S to Sept. 4, 
 
 1643. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Saturday, Sept. 2. From Gloucester we have again information 
 this day by a messenger, that came thence on Wednesday last, and reporteth, that 
 the enemy by a very desperate assault against part of the outworks on Tuesday made a 
 great breach in the breast work, and drew up three peeces of ordnance into the 
 breach, and went about to cast up a half-moon. But the governor sallying forth of 
 the town beat them back from all their advantages, made good the breach, took 
 their three peeces of ordnance, and forced them to leave a fourth behind them in the 
 field, which they afterwards twice assayed to fetch back ; and the garrison again sallied 
 out and made a great slaughter amongst them ; the said messenger reporting, that as 
 near as can be imagined the enemy lost above 5OO men in this day's service, and the 
 town but 16, where one was an officer of note, but he gives us this assured report, 
 that Gloucester will be able to hold out till they may be relieved." Perfect Diurnal, 
 from Aug. 28 to Sept. 4, 1643. 
 
 Gloucester. — " This day being the wonted day for posts to have recourse, divers 
 have been very inquisitive to know the certainty of Gloucester and other afflicted parts 
 in the west ; and whereas a false rumour was spread thatjGloucester was taken, these 
 newsmongers will be better informed at my Lord General's return, for on purpose he is 
 gone to give them an accompt, and certain it is he is this day on his march towards it, 
 who no doubt but ere long will send them the certainty. In the interim to satisfy 
 their curiosity there was lately a hot skirmish between the city and the cavaliers of 
 the king's army, whereof lords, knights, esquires, officers, and private soldiers to the 
 number of 200 will hardly ever hawk, hunt, fowle, or whore." JVeekly Accompt, from 
 Monday, Aug. 28, to fJedtiesday the 6th Sept. 1643. 
 
 Gloucester. — "There was a letter read in the Commons House coming from the 
 army, and dated at Chipping Norton, within 25 miles of Gloucester, the Sunday before, 
 signifying that the Lord General at this time was at Chipping Norton, but intended 
 with his army to be that night at Stow in the Wold, within about 16 miles of Glou- 
 cester. That the reason of his slow march (contrary to the expectation of some) is in 
 that he was constrained to move in a fighting posture, with his whole army near 
 together, being pressed by the Lord Wilmot at near distance with about 2,500 horse 
 from Oxford, lying in watch to fall upon his quarters in the night time. That the 
 Lord Wilmot with the said 2500 horse once forced a party of the Lord General's 
 army, and they had a small skirmish, wherein the enemy lost 12 men, and but 1 man 
 of our's hurt. That the King's forces made a very fair assault against Gloucester on 
 
 Friday
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 87 
 
 Friday last, but were bravely repulsed with the loss of many men ; and they had cer- 
 tain notice in the army, that Gloucester remained yet in a very good condition, and 
 full of courage; and that the Lord General had then not full 2 miles march before 
 he intended to be at their relief. And it was then also further certified, " that the 
 Cavaliers at Gloucester understanding that the Earl of Essex with his armies was 
 near at hand, according to their usual dissimulation sent a trumpeter with some pro- 
 positions from his Majesty to treat ivith his Excellency, before he should advance no 
 further near Gloucester ;' but his Excellency who had been too well verst in their 
 deceit that way further to trust them, returned speedy answer that he had no commis- 
 sion to treat, but to relieve Gloucester, which he was resolved to do, or lose his life 
 there ; and the soldiers, understanding a trumpet was come with propositions to treat, 
 with a unanimous acclamation, cryed out for a long time together, " No Proposi- 
 tions ! No Propositions !" and with a loud echo sent the trumpeter back to the King's 
 army." Perfect Diurnal, from Sept. 4 — 11, 1643. 
 
 " From Oxford by a special messenger it was informed, that at the beginning of the 
 week the news was there, that his Majesty had gathered all his forces out of his garri- 
 son towns to the siege of Gloucester, and intended to fight with the Earl of Essex." 
 Ibid. 
 
 Sept. 7. " Whilst the Committee sat at Guildhall this night there came a messen- 
 ger unto them from Gloucester, that reports of the relieving and raising the siege there. 
 The first messenger saith, that his Majesty understanding the Lord General with a 
 very potent army was near unto them, found the soldiers out of heart, or rather so 
 cowardly they would not fight, as was intended, and thereupon on Sunday or Mon- 
 day last made all the preparation they could to draw away their carriages and remove 
 the siege, and on Tuesday morning went totally over Severn the way to Bristol. That 
 the Lord ^General on his march not attaining near Gloucester before Tuesday in after- 
 noon, the siege was raised before lie came ; and he sent some regiments to relieve the 
 town, who marched in and found not the least opposition ; and since a second messen- 
 ger in effect confirmed all that the former had reported, further adding that he came 
 out of Gloucester on Wednesday morning last ; and the siege was quite raised and a 
 part of the Lord General's forces entered the town on Tuesday night, and his Excel- 
 lency with the residue on Wednesday ; and that his Excellency doubting, that the 
 King's army on their march from Gloucester might fall into quarters and pillage the 
 country, he hath sent about 3000 horse to attend upon their march and force them 
 to keep in body together, or else fight with them. But in respect these relations are 
 not yet informed by any letters as yet come from thence to the Parliament, I shall 
 refer you to further reports. 
 
 " One thing of note I had almost forgot, which was then also certified, viz. that Cap- 
 tain Leg and some others being dangerously hurt at the siege of Gloucester were sent 
 in the King's own coach to Oxford, and upon return of the coach to Gloucester the 
 Lord General intercepted it and six gallant horses, which as yet he keeps in custody." 
 Perfect Diurnal, Sept. 4 — 11, 16'43. 
 
 Gloucester.
 
 88 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Gloucester. — This relief of Gloucester gave occasion to the publication of "Good 
 Newes from all quarters of the kingdom, particularly from Gloucester, &c. published 
 for the comfort of all the godly in all the quarters of the world, by special licence 
 from their court-book, Sept. 12, 1643-" This silly farrago well exhibits the de- 
 gradation of the intellect, produced by fanaticisrti. " That our entrance (it says) into 
 this may be clear I will set up a light in the porch. I have in the title-page before 
 and following (for had not this lien under hand longer than was expected yet know we 
 no loss ; you had had but one sheet) given thee fair hopes, nay assured confidence, to 
 hear good news from all quarters, from Gloucester especially ; and truly when I give 
 this assurance, the adversary at that very time was storming that city. And yet I under- 
 stood by a word, from whence one jot or one tittle shall not pass, and by a letter very 
 anciently dated, as was said, that we should hear good news from Gloucester. The 
 word is, ' God resisteth the proud.' The letter was dated in King Hezekiah's days, 
 and sent unto him by Mercurius Aulicus, as pure a beast almost as he is in Oxford. 
 Therein the church was assured, what would fall out at Gloucester." No doubt this 
 writer thought that the incorporation of nonsense with religion did not deteriorate the 
 glory of God, as if Reason was not his gift to man. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Sept. 13. From Gloucester we have not had the happiness, as yet, to 
 receive any letters from the Lord General or Colonel Massey since the relieving thereof : 
 but by sundry private letters and messengers this week from these parts we have the 
 matter confirmed for certain truth, and further certified, that there hath been, as yet, 
 no considerable enterprize atchieved by either army ; that in their march to Gloucester 
 the enemy faced them oft with a great body of horse, but would never stand to 
 fight, though Colonel Middleton (who had gained much honour in the service) with 
 not above two regiments of horse, pursued and skirmished with them for a whole 
 day together, did some execution upon them, and took some prisoners : that the 
 enemy on Tuesday the 5th of September, in the forenoon, raised their siege from before 
 Gloucester, and went the way towards Bristol. His Excellency sending in a party 
 to relieve them that night, but went not himself into the town till Friday, and staid 
 there that day and the next to refresh his soldiers and get in provisions for the town ; 
 but on Sunday hearing that the King's forces were on their march towards Worcester, 
 and his Majesty himself at Shudeley Castle, and his chief quarters about the vale of 
 Easome, the General on Sunday advanced towards Teuxbury, 8 miles from Gloucester, 
 and 12 miles from Worcester, some part of the quarters of both armies being very near 
 together ; but of any action since done there is no certainty. I have heard it further 
 reported, that his Excellency hath left Colonel Manwaring with the London trained 
 bands in Gloucester, and hath taken forth the old garirson and Colonel Massey to 
 march along with him." Perfect Diurnal, Sept. 11 — iS, 1643. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Sept. 15. There came letters to the Parliament this day from the 
 Earl of Essex, dated at Teuxbury, the 1 1th present, and directed to the Speaker of the 
 House of Commons, giving them a brief account of the relieving of Gloucester to 
 this effect: — That they met with little opposition on their march by King's forces, 
 
 only
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 89 
 
 only that about on the hill they faced them with a great body of horse, and Colonel 
 Middleton with two regiments skirmished with them, and put them to a retreat with- 
 out any considerable loss. That after this they faced them again about Sioiv the old 
 (sic), but did not stand to fight with them, and on Saturday, as is affirmed, quite 
 raised their siege at Gloucester and went away; but when the Lord General sent him- 
 self into Gloucester, the Governor had not above 2 or 3 barrels of powder of all his 
 store left to supply that garrison, and that his Excellency was necessitated to stay some 
 time at Gloucester to supply the garrison with provisions, whereof he had great want, 
 but at the time of writing this letter was with his army 4 or 5 miles oft' the King, de- 
 siring the Parliament that Sir William Waller may be hastened into those parts, and 
 that some provision of money may be sent unto him ; for that being engaged with 
 his army in the enemies country, unless he can bring them the sooner to fight, there 
 will be no possibility to procure victuals without ready money ; and further he also 
 desired that the Parliament would consult of a speedy way to supply the garrison of 
 Gloucester with about 8 or 10,000/. whereby they may not only have satisfaction of the 
 arrears due to them, but be in some measure enabled to supply themselves with provi- 
 sions for the ensuing winter ; and with this there came also another letter from Colonel 
 Massey, dated at Gloucester the lOth present, to desire the Parliament's consideration 
 of the garrison there, much in effect as in the Lord General's letter, that he may have 
 an additional supply of 1000 foot, 2 troops of horse, 100 case of pistols, and about 60 
 carbines, and the arrears paid the garrison soldiers there. Upon consultation of these 
 letters by the Commons, publick thanks were ordered in the Churches, and thanks of 
 both Houses to the Earl of Essex, the governor, and garrison. The governor was pre- 
 sented with ^.1000, additional forces, and arms ordered for the garrison ; and 
 ^.4000 more in money to be sent ; and every man to have a month's \y,\y gratis, over 
 and above his arrears." Perfect Diurnal, Sept. 11 — 18, 1643. 
 
 Gloucester. "| — " The news from the Lord General goes thus, that his Excellency 
 Tewksbury. J after two days' respite in Gloucester, and leaving a sufficient number 
 in the garrison, he having intelligence that his Majesty's forces were marching towards 
 Worcester, his Excellency closely following them, came that night, being the 8tli of 
 September, to Teuxbury, the half-way from Gloucester to Worcester. The cavaliers 
 perceiving the Lord General was upon a march, they left straggling and pillaging, and 
 kept together without any great spoil done to the country, and now we hear they have 
 taken up their quarters about the vale of Easome, and his Majesty at Chudley Castle, 
 at or near the great Papist Sir Basil Brooke, where we hear nothing to the contrary 
 but that his Majesty is there at present, and the Lord General at Tewksbury. There 
 is not any certainty of what hath been done between either side, though a false rumour 
 was spread abroad of 2 days' fight, in which action on both parts many thousands 
 were slain, wounded, and taken prisoners." Weekly Account, Sept. 13 — 20, l6"43. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Friday. We hear that the country about Gloucester by reason of 
 the long siege was not able to supply the city, either with horse or man's meat." 
 Weekly Account, Sept. I3 — 20, 1643. 
 
 N Teuxbury
 
 90 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Teuxbury. — " Saturday. The Lord General removed from Teuxbury towards 
 Cicester." We ehlij Account, Sept. 13 — 20, 1643. 
 
 Gloucester. — " The City [of London] trained bands were the forces, that went with 
 the Lord General to the relief of Gloucester, and they behaved well, not only there, but 
 in the battle of Newbury." Special and Remarkable Passages, from Sept. 21 to Sept. 
 
 29, 1642- 
 
 Gloucester. — "A letter was read in the Commons House from Colonel Massey, go- 
 vernor of Gloucester, intimating that they have not yet received the least prejudice, 
 or been otherwise disturbed by the enemy's forces in any parts near Gloucester since 
 the raising of the siege there, but that lately he hath received intelligence, that a 
 great part of the King's forces are upon a design to gain winter quarters in these parts, 
 which will be of great prejudice to the country, if not timely prevented, and therefore 
 desires the Parliament, he may have some different supplies with expedition sent 
 him, and he doubted not, maugre this fury of all their enemies, to give the Parlia- 
 ment a good account of these parts, and force the enemy from their intended winter- 
 quarters at Mamsbury and parts thereabouts. Supplies were accordingly sent." Per- 
 fect Diurnal, from Oct. 9 to 16, 1643. 
 
 Gloucester. ") — " From Gloucestershire the House having received intelligence, 
 
 Tewksbury. J that a party of the King's forces coming to Teuxbury began to fortify 
 the same for a winter garrison, and the very renowned governor of Gloucester, Colonel 
 Massie, having notice thereof drew forth a considerable party of horse and foot from 
 Gloucester, and marched towards Teuxbury, where he fell upon the enemy, killed 
 about 300 of them, took many prisoners, with above 500 arms, and put the rest to 
 flight." Perfect Diurnal,from Nov. 6 — 13, 1643. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Some Irish having been sent over on the King's side, they turned 
 traitors, part went from Bath to Colonel Massey at Gloucester ; and other part of them 
 to Teuxbury, where they began to fortify, and have a commission from the Lord Gene- 
 ral to this purpose ; and a considerable sum of money sent from the city for their better 
 encouragement." Perfect Diurnal, from Nov. 6 — 13, 1643. 
 
 Gloucester. — " The ammunition and other supplies, some weeks since, sent from 
 the Parliament towards Gloucester is as yet detained at Northampton until a further 
 convoy may be spared them by reason the enemy hath drawn out some parties towards 
 Teuxbury and Easom in Worcestershire, lying in wait to intercept the same." Perfect 
 Diurnal, from Dec. 25 to Jan. 1, 1 643-4. 
 
 Anno 1643, Aug. 10 to Dec. 31.. Court Newspapers. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Friday, August 1 1, 1643. This day we received an expresse, that 
 his Majesty yesterday sate downe before Gloucester, and sent in a most gracious 
 summons to the city, in these very words : ' Out of our tender compassion to our 
 city of Gloucester,' &c. [as before printed in Dorney.] And now let the world judge 
 if his Majestie could have sent a more gracious message to his most loyall subjects, 
 and whether these desperate rebels deserve any mercy, who after so many offers do 
 
 still
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 91 
 
 still refuse a pardon. But since their returning this rebellious answer, they have set 
 their ovvne suburbs on fire, which surely is not to keepe the city either for the KING 
 or Parliament. Yet his Majestie's forces quenched the fire, and in spite of the rebells 
 entered the suburbs, where they still are, and have already raised mounts, and digged 
 trenches so near the city wall, that I dare promise you (God willing) a very speedy 
 account of the siege of Gloucester.''' Mercur. Aulic. Week 32, Sund. Aug. 6. 
 
 " A letter from London intercepted by the Earl of Northampton says, ' Gloucester 
 cannot be relieved.''" Ibid. 
 
 " Wednesday, Aug. IG. This day his Majestic accompanied by Prince Rupert, and 
 many of his lords and officers, came into Oxford about noon ; and the same day to- 
 wards six in the evening Prince Rupert returned back again to the siege of Glouces- 
 ter ; his Majestie staying behind at Oxford to refresh himselfe for a day or two." Mer- 
 cur ius Atdicus, Aug. 13, Week 33. 
 
 " Friday, August 18. This morning his Majestie returned towards Gloucester, the 
 garrison whereof had made sallie out of the towne, but were suddenly repulsed againe 
 (as it was not likely to be otherwise). His Majestie's forces having approached so 
 neare, that they have battered the workes in many places with their ordnance, so that 
 it cannot possibly be long before the towne be generally assaulted, which (with God's 
 blessing) will put an end unto that businesse." 
 
 The next paragraph, speaking of some events at Northampton says, " This shewes 
 clearely, that they are not in a resolution of standing obstinately out against his Majes- 
 tie, as doe they of Gloucester." 
 
 An intercepted letter says, " Gloucester must be thought on suddenly. A letter 
 was writ to our Committee in Coventry about it from Sir William Waller and Master 
 Stephens, but to no purpose. Committees spoyle all businesse in most places ; they 
 are many, and of different opinions, and spend that time in debate, which should be 
 for execution. When you would have this Committee to doe any thing, you must 
 write byway of peremptory command, with intimation that accompt shall be taken of 
 what is done. I hope necessity hath put your house to thinke of some way for the 
 better ordering ihe warre." 
 
 Then follow the reports of the opposite prints, with remarks, as follow : — " The 
 King [hasj lost 2000 before Gloucester already. (Take thy bill, and write three 
 score, which are more than wee have yet lost.) The Glocestrians have slaine 2 oj the 
 King's colonels, 5 lieutenant-colonels, 12 captaines, S^x: (Lieutenant-Colonel Ed- 
 wards was slaine at the first approach, name one other officer, and wee'le beg thy par- 
 don). The King hath raised his siege there, and is come away (he hath razed the 
 wall in several places, and will make thee eate thy words)." Mercurius Aulicus, Week 
 33, Aug. 13—20, 16-43. 
 
 " Sunday, August 20. It was advertised from Gloucester, that his Majestie's great 
 ordnance had made foule worke upon that citie the day before, battering the walls in 
 sundry places, beating down divers of the houses, and killing very many men both 
 in the works and about the streets ; some of the houses being fired with granadoes 
 
 also.
 
 93 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 also, which lasting almost all the day, did so tire the soldiers in the towne that they 
 were hardly able to hold it out : insomuch that one of their best canoneers next morn- 
 ing at the breake of day leaped over the walls into the Severne, and did swimme the 
 river, and came safely to his Majestie's camp, informing them of the astonishment and 
 affright which the town was in, that the soldiers were so tired with continuall duties, 
 that they were not able to stand out long, and that the hope of reliefe from Waller 
 (whose comming they as earnestly expect as the Turkes doe Mahomet) wherewith Mas- 
 sey ever and anon befooled them, had made them run this desperate hazard of their 
 lives and fortunes." 
 
 " But whatsoever hopes they may have of PValler, IValler hath little of himselfe ; 
 the difference betvveene him and the Earle of Essex, being not yet made up, and no com- 
 mission granted to him to pursue the action. For howsoever Master Pym, Alderman 
 Ftilhe, and others of the two committees from the pretended House of Commons, and 
 the Common Councell, (for now they are of equall power) had prevailed so farre upon 
 h\s Excellencie, whom they inclined unto their party by promising large sums (which 
 they will pay upon the birth-day of his next child), that he promised ff^aller a commis- 
 sion to be generall of the citie forces, as you heard in the last weeke of this Mercurius ; 
 yet he did after-clog that promise with such hard and difficult conditions, as made it 
 utterly ineffectual. For it was certified that day, that he hath set up such a reso- 
 lution with himselfe to provide for his owne honour in the first place, that no importu- 
 nity can prevaile with him to grant out any such commission till his owne army be made 
 up to the full number of 10,000 foot and 30OO horse, and all those too well clothed 
 and paid, as was often promised him : which (alas !) will be a worke of longer time than 
 Sir IVilliam's patience can admit, or the affaires of Gloucester suffer." 
 
 " And for the forces which Sir William is conceived to have in readinesse (in 
 hope his Excellencie's hard heart may be one day mollified) they that say most, write 
 of 1000 foote and 500 horse, (for others say his army rather is decreased then in- 
 creased since became to London), with which he were not able to doe much if he had 
 commission; and being they are yet invisible, will effect just nothing when he hath it. 
 And therefore they are fallen on an easier course to keepe up the crejpit of the cause, 
 which is by scattering fine new fictions up and downe the city (for so it hath been sig- 
 nified by letters dated Friday last) that the King had lost before Glocester 1700 men, 
 that there were no fewer than 80O dangerously wounded, insomuch that his Majestic 
 had sent for all his chirurgeons from Oxon to come thither to him ; and on the neck of 
 this a confident assurance taken from the mouth of the next fresh post, that the King 
 had raised his seige, and with his scattered forces was gone towards IVestchester to re- 
 lieve the Lord Cupel, who was beseiged there very straitly by Sir William Brereton." 
 Mercur. AuUcus, IVeeh 34. 
 
 " Wednesday, Avg. 23. Waller is not likely to have his commission soone enough 
 to raise the siege of Gloucester. 
 
 " Thursday, Aug. 24. This day in the morning it was advertised, that on Tuesday 
 night the distressed rebels in Gloucester had made two sallies, the one upon the Lord 
 
 General's
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 
 
 93 
 
 General's quarters, the other on Sir Jacob Astleys ; but were soone beaten back againe 
 (as who could expect otherwise) with the losse of many of their men. And (which is 
 worth your notice) those rebels, which were taken prisoners at both these sallies, were 
 most purely drunke. The faction in the city having (for the cause as they call it) 
 filled the poor souldiers full of strong drinke, as the only meanes to make them stand, 
 that is, .to poure out their owne bloud in the act of rebellion." Ibid. 
 
 " Saturdaif, Aug. 26. You heard before how it was ordered in the House of Com- 
 mons upon Monday last, that a certain number of the trained bands and new au.t- 
 iliaries in the city of London should be sent unto the Earl of Essex for the re-enforcino- 
 of his army. But the Committee for the militia of the city, thought not this suffici- 
 ent, and therefore issued out an order (for every minister of the houses may send 
 out orders now which must bind the subject) bearing date the same day, August 21, of 
 a larger latitude ; commanding all persons whatsoever within the city of London and 
 the suburbs, and whatsoever is incompassed within the new intrenchments, to shut up 
 their s/iops, and to continue them so shut up till either Gloucester be relieved, (which 
 will be when Sat/ and Pj/ni become good Christians) or further order shall be taken by 
 both Houses of Parliament, or by the said Committee, for defence of the city, Parlia- 
 ment, and kingdome. 
 
 " But his Excellency (that able gentleman) this weeke is advancing towards Oxford, 
 which hath made the London newesmen stretch divers truth beyond the line of com- 
 munication. They say, (I.) That the King himself never cameu)itliin two miles of 
 Gloucester, (that is, he came almost within musket shot). (2.) That the Earle of 
 Essex ivill send 2000 of his horse to relieve Glocester, and leave 7nuch horse remain- 
 ing, (take 2 out of 2, and there remaines, Essex). (3.) That the souldiers in Glou- 
 cester have killed 1500 of his Majestie's army, (you are either a lecturer, or a close 
 committee-man, for you lye but 1400 in ir)00). (4.) That the Earle of Craford, 
 Lo/'r/ Grandison, Lord Herbert, Lord Beauchamp, Lord Wilmot, Lord Rich, blaster 
 Russel, brother to the Earl of Bedford, Sir John Byron, Sir William Russel, &c. 
 were all sluine on Sunday last at tilocester (not one of these but are confident they 
 shall live to see thee hanged). (5.) That Colonel Massey enticed 8 ivhole troopes 
 of the King's horse into Glocester, and then let downe the percullis, and tooke them 
 all prisoners, (a very pretty story; 'tis pitty it is a lie)." Mercurius Aulicus, f-P'eek 
 
 34, yiug. 20—27, lC'43- 
 
 " Tuesday, Aug. 29. It was this day certified from Gloucester, that the gallerie in- 
 tended for the safer assaulting of the towne was almost finished, though from the 
 towne they had cast many granadoes on it, in an hope to fire it; but with such ill suc- 
 cesse, that his Majestic had lost only one man in it, and but one man hurt : as also that 
 his Majestie's forces there had received from Bristol a good supply of powder, which 
 came very opportunely for that service." Mercurius Aulicus, IVeek^^, Aug. 27, 1643- 
 
 "Among the false reports it is noticed, that Sir Jacob Astley and some other chiefe 
 commanders were lately slainc at Gloucester. (Were they slaine with a musket or a 
 cannon bullet? 5Vr Ji/coi himself desires to know.)" Ibid. 
 
 " Soon
 
 94 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 " Soon after was another report, that the recorder of Gloucester was hanged in that 
 citie for being an incendiary ; (it was the governour set the suburbs on fire)." Mercur. 
 AuUc. Week '^6, Sept. 3— 10, l643- 
 
 " Notwithstanding that his Majesty hath used all possible means, both by treaty and 
 open battle, to put a period to this rebellion, they still decline both these waies to 
 peace, which is most manifest in this businesse of Gloucester, where his Majesty raised 
 his siege on purpose to meete with the rebels' army and fight with them, his Majesty 
 having been in pursuit of them now full two dales, and contrary to his first intention, 
 hath left the hills and engaged himselfe in the vale for that purpose; but, on the 
 contrary, the rebels still avoid him by the advantage of the close country, skulking 
 away (more like a theefe than an open rebel) through woods and enclosed grounds, re- 
 solving, if possible, to steale privately away." Mercurius Aulicus, Week^-j, Sept. 10 — 
 
 17, 1643. 
 
 " Satia^day, Sept. 23. The London men in print say, * That at Gloucester the 
 King's forces did ' runne away from his Excellencie.' (Give us a new lie ; this you have 
 printed twice already.)" Mercur. Aulicus, IVeek 38, Sept. 17 — 24. 
 
 " The Parliament papers affirmed, that ' his Majestie's army before Gloucester was 
 most miserably defeated by their forces, himselfe compelled to fie unto Berkeley Castle, 
 not without some wou7ids ; and that Prince Rupert's thigh was shot of by a peece of 
 cannon ; all which have been beene so confidently reported in the streets of London (as 
 was this day certified), so credulously swallowed and chearefully received amongst them 
 (which shevves their deare affection to his sacred Majestic), that a Common Counsell 
 being called for raising a great summe of money, were so overjoyed, that they dissolved 
 their meeting and went home, each man to feast and make merry with their friends and 
 partizans for such happy tidings .... [but] a letter sent from Colonel Massie informs 
 them of the distresses their good towne of Gloucester is still in (notwithstanding that 
 his Majestie had raised the siege of purpose to give the Rebels battaile), and of an old 
 arrear of ^.8ooO due unto the garrison." Mercurius Aulicus, Sept. ig, Week 37, 
 1642-3. 
 
 " Thursday, October 17. Master Massey their [the close-committee's] faithful ser- 
 vant in the city of Gloucester, hath beene constrained to send 8 several times for one 
 summe ; a letter coming from him on Saturday last, which tells them in plaine English, 
 that unlesse he have money, men, and provision, and that speedily, he must open the 
 gates 0/ Gloucester ; for (saith he) the country is now groivne so malignant against 
 us, that we can get no provisions ; which is a pittiful thing, that Master Massey, who 
 caused two armies to eate up that county, who burned all the suburbs, and part of the 
 city of Gloucester, should now want any thing that the country can afford." Mercurius 
 Aulicus, Week 41, Oct.S — 15, 1643. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Sunday, Nov. 1 2. Serjeant .Major Farror is upon going to that noble 
 champion Collonell Massey with a 100 barrells of powder and other ammunition for 
 the supply of Glocester, lest the enemy should fall upon them unawares, and so well 
 
 an
 
 £. 
 
 5. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 95 
 
 an approved garison may not be without supply." The Kingdomes Weekly Post, N** 
 2. Nov. 9—15, 1643- 
 
 Anno 1644 — January. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Wednesday, Jan. 3, 1643-4. But Master Massey's jurisdiction is 
 within a narrow circuit, which is extreame sensible of his good government. For we 
 had this day certaine intelligence, that all the inhabitants of Gloucester and those other 
 few neighbours to the city are universally taxed, even to their wearing apparell, every 
 private housekeeper paying to this good gentleman, 
 
 For every bushell of mault ------- 
 
 Inkeepers for every hogshead of beere ----- 
 
 For every joint of roasted meat which cost xiirf. - - - - 
 
 For every man and woman, that are hous keepers for safety of each 
 of their persons, weekly ------- 
 
 For children and servants for safety of each of their persons weekly 
 For every swine that's killed, and every one that kils a swine paies 
 a whole fletch, the like ratable quantity for all sorts of corne and 
 graine - - - - - - - - - -001 
 
 "Thus Master Massey husbands his Excise, gleaning up contribution both while 'tis 
 mault, and when 'tis drinke. for the calfe, and the roasted veale besides ; and next for 
 the men and women, masters and servants, for allowing them to live, and affording 
 them freedome to breath a little longer in Gloucester at their owne homes, which his 
 worship hath made houses of bondage both to his friends, and those wonderful few 
 honest soules that reside in that garrison." jMercurius Aulicus, Week 1, 1643-4- 
 
 [What the sufferings were from the soldiery may be imagined from the following 
 paragraph : — 
 
 " I shall heere set you down a bill of fare as it was given to a colonel by the hoste of 
 an inn in Oxfordshire : — ' Item for lodging ^1. 13*'. Item for horse-meat, ^5. 10*. 
 Item for man's meat, ^9. 13*'. Gd. Item for wine and beere, ,^14. 7*- 6^- Item for 
 dressing pigs, turkies, geese, hens and chicken and mutton, ^2. ■■2s. Item for joynt- 
 stools, blankets, sheets and.chaires burnt; and glasses, and glasse-windows broken 
 upon drinking of healths, ^6. 4s. 4(/.' Are not these fine guests, think you ? The 
 collonel went away silent, and then they set their landlord under the pump, for making 
 such a bill : a very great recompence." The Spie, Feb. 5 — 13, 1644-] 
 
 Gloucester. — "An order was agreed upon by the Commons for ^.2000 for the re- 
 lief of Gloucester, and to be raised out of the profits of the Excise for the city and 
 county ot Gloucester." PerJ'ect Diurnal, from Jan. 8 — 15, l6'43-4. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Yesterday also a letter was read in the House of Commons from 
 Colonel Massey, the governour of Glocester, wherein hee mentions former letters sent 
 for supplyes, but had as yet received none ; and that if hee had not now present helpes 
 
 sent
 
 96 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 sent him, his distresse was such, that hee should be forced to deliver up that citie to 
 the enemie." Mercurius f'eridicus, Jan. 17 — 24, l6'43-4. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Jan. 25. This day we are informed of a treacherous attempt against 
 the town of Gloucester by one Bacchus (Backhouse), a malignant attorney of Glouces- 
 ter, who wrote a letter to the enemy's forces about Worcester, that Colonel Massie had 
 drawn out most of the garrison upon a design, as far as Wells, and that if they did but 
 bring any considerable strength before the town by such a time it would be surrendered 
 unto them ; but the letter being by accident intercepted, was carried to Colonel Massie, 
 who hath put the said Bacchus unto safe custody, and sent unto the Lord General a 
 commission to try him by a councel of war, who will doubtless receive the just reward 
 of treachery. 
 
 "The garrison of Gloucester cannot be in that distress the malignants would per- 
 suade us it is in ; and for the provision many weeks since designed bv the Parliament 
 for the relief thereof, we are assured by letters this week, that the garrisons of North- 
 ampton, Leicester, Warwick, and Coventry, have made up a very considerable convoy 
 to guard the same to Gloucester." Perfect Diurnal, Jan. 22 — 29, 1 643-4. 
 
 Anno 1644 — February. 
 
 [The royalists having failed in the siege, proceeded to hem in the garrison, by occu- 
 pation of places in the vicinity. The distress thus occasioned produced the following 
 efforts of Massey.] 
 
 " From Gloucester there is also certaine intelligence brought to the Parliament the 
 same day, that Colonel Massie had issued out with a part of his garrison, and fallen 
 upon Sir Henry Talbot's forces at Chopstow (sic) where he surprized the colonel, 3 
 captains, 3 lieutenants, 3 Irish reformadoes, Sargeant Major Thorn, besides 60 com- 
 mon soldiers, with much arms and ammunition : that he had also taken a barge of the 
 enemy's upon the river of Severne laden with sacke, tobacco, and ammunition going 
 from Worcester : and that further the gallant colonel sends out parties daily, which 
 do much terrify the enemy and bring in provisions to Gloucester, by all which you 
 may see, that Gloucester is not in that straitened condition the malignants of late 
 have with much confidence boasted of." Perfect Diurnal, from Jan. 29 to Feb. 5, 
 1643-4. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Fridai/, Feb. 2. We told you a little before of Colonel Massie's gal- 
 lant exploits with his garrison soldiers at Gloucester, since which, by report of Sir 
 Edward Dering, and since, we are further informed^ that he buth al^o taken the town 
 of Malmsbury in Wiltshire ; that he, the lieutenant-colonel, the governor being at 
 Oxford, entered the town, took 300 officers and common soldiers with their arms, 
 the rest escaping, and hath put a garrison there, and fortifies the same. Perfect 
 Diurnal, from Jan. 29 to Feb. 5, 16*43. 
 
 Gloucester. — " By letters from Gloucester it is informed to the House of Commons 
 this day of the intolerable oppressions of the Duke of Plunderland [Prince Rupert] 
 
 and
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 97 
 
 and his plundering cavaliers, lately canne into those parts about Tewksbury, and that 
 he sends about his cruell warrants, threatening fire and sword to all those that shall 
 carry or cause to be carried any victuals or any provisions to the garrison at Glouces- 
 ter, whereby that garrison is somewhat straightened, and for want of those supplies a 
 long time since designed them, they are not able to free the country of the incursions 
 of the enemy, as otherwise they would do. 
 
 " Which business the House taking into consideration, have resolved not only to 
 hasten the supplies formerly designed them, but have determined of an ordinance 
 thereby tolerating the importation of currants formerly prohibited ; that it shall be 
 lawful for any merchants within 6 months after the publishing of this ordinance to 
 import currants into the kingdom, paying the excise of 6.s: to the cwt. for all currants 
 so imported, besides custom : and that part of the moneys advanced upon this ordi- 
 nance shall be disposed of for the further reliePof the garrison of Gloucester." 
 
 " The malignants, whose art it hath ever been to make a mole-hill seem a mountain 
 against the Parliament, hath begun their phantasies this week upon the supposition of 
 a great victory obtained by Prince Rupert against the garrison of Gloucester, which is 
 as true as their report the week before, that Gloucester was yielded, the sum of which 
 defeat for your better satisfaction being no more than this. — Colonel Massie, by the 
 false or rather treacherous intelligence of one of his scouts, that there was a small party 
 of the enemy quartered within seven miles of Gloucester, sent out a party of about 120 
 horse, with his brother Captain Massie, a valiant young man, to beat up their quar- 
 ters, which he did with much gallantry, but soon found he was engaged against the 
 main body of the enemy ; but notwithstanding all disadvantages, he valiantly forced 
 his passage through them, and retreated back to Gloucester with the loss only of 17 
 men, himself and about six others wounded, and some few taken prisoners." Ibid. 
 
 " Thursday, Feb. 8, 1643-4. Master Massey peeped out of Gloucester on Monday 
 morning to Painswick (three or four miles thence, where Colonel Mynne was quar- 
 tered,) but suddenly retreated; in the afternoone he came againe with a stronger party, 
 whereupon the Colonel drew out part of his forces, beat up Massey's ambushes, killed 
 80 of his men, tooke betwixt 20 and 30 prisoners, whereof two lieutenants, without the 
 losse of any one man; besides 1^0 very good fire-armes. A noble gentleman was there 
 who got so neare that he called out to Massey's horsemen to slack the reines a little, 
 and abate somewhat of their speed, but Master Massey and his men went upon earnest 
 businesse, and could not possibly be entreated to staye." Jlerciir. Auiic. IFeekQ, Feb. 
 3—10, 1G4.3-4. 
 
 " February ~. Lieutenant-Colonel Wintour with a part of his brother's regiment, 
 marched secretly out of Ncwnham (a place which the noble ov.ner hath for a long time 
 fortified at his own charges for his Majestie's use) and surprized a garrison of the riibells 
 called Ilinitley-liouse, 4 miles from Gloucester, not a rebell escaping, but all taken pri- 
 soners with their armes and ammunition. This attcnipt succeeding so happily, he drew 
 instantly downe toWestbury (another garrison of the rebells,) whereof also after small 
 opposition he became master, they within being strangely disheartened with the sud- 
 
 o dennesse
 
 98 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 dennesse of his approach. In these two garrisons he tooke 129 rebells prisoners, with 
 a great surplusage of armes, and some ammunition. 
 
 "This action was performed with much courage and discretion, for the gallant lieu- 
 tenant-colonel with lesse numbers assaulted the rebels in theire owne holds, and used 
 such secresie and dispatch in the performance, that notwithstanding the nearnesse of 
 the place, they who were last assaulted had not any intelligence of what had passed in 
 the former surprizal. But that which is most considerable to his Majestie's service, is 
 the free passage he hath opened by this means to the PVineyard, and consequently to 
 the perfect blocking up of Gloucester." Mercurius Aulicus, Feb. 3 — 10, 1 643-4. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Thursday, Feb. 15. We have since further intimation, that Prince 
 Rupert's advance into these parts [Chester] was chiefly to join with those Irish rebels 
 [mentioned before,] but by the way would gladly gain Gloucester, in regard it hinders 
 the passage to Wales and Cheshire. 
 
 " They had also debate about sequestrating the goods and estate of Sir Francis Wil- 
 loughby, a malignant, and appointed an ordinance to be drawn up for this purpose, 
 and that the monies raised upon his goods and estate shall be disposed of for the gar- 
 rison of Gloucester." Perfect Diurnal, from Feb. \2 to 19, I643-4. 
 
 " Ensigne Smith, the Bishop of Glocester's sonne, was taken as a spye on Friday last, 
 and sent to Newgate by order from the committees for examinations, where was found 
 about him a petition to the King's most excellent Majesty, shewing that he had spent 
 so many hundreds of pounds in his Majesty's service, besides so much land sold to 
 supply his Majesty with money, by reason whereof he had run himselfe out of all, -and 
 never could receive any pay, and therefore desired his Majesty to consider of a way to 
 relieve him ; to which petition it was subscribed, that there should be a way found to 
 relieve him." Mercur. Feridic. Feb. 13 — 20, ).644. 
 
 Westbury. — "Among the weekly lies of the Parliamentarians is, That the governour 
 ofWestbury and Huntley did betray those two garrisons to Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Wintour. (Just as Nat. Fiennes betrayed Bristol.)" Mercurius Aulicus, Feb. 17 — 
 
 24, 1643-4. 
 
 Painswick. — "Among the weekly lies of the Parliamentarians is, That Colonel 
 Massey Jell lately upon Colonell Mynne's quarters, and retreated backe with the losse 
 0/20 men, having killed some of the enemies, but how many we cannot tell. (Master 
 Massey will hang you for deriding him, when he is routed and sore beaten.)" Mer- 
 curius Aulicus, Feb. 17 — 24, 1643-4. 
 
 Westbury. — " That Lieutenant- Colonel Hlntour went to Westbury and Huntley, 
 and brought away the country people, that did not meddle on any side." Upon this 
 Parliamentary report, the Mercurius Aulicus say, "Then your garrisons consist of 
 such souldiers as do not meddle on any side." Mercurius Aulicus, Feb. I7 — 24, 
 1643-4. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Monday, Feb. 19. There is a gentleman come from Gloucester : he 
 assures us, that the town is in very good condition, and not so much straitened as the 
 malignants boast of; only one small hold is by treachery surrendered to the enemy ; 
 
 that
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 99 
 
 that Colonel Massie is upon occasion able to raise a party of 3 or 4000 men, but wants 
 arms." Perfect Diurnal, Feb. 19 — 26, 1 643-4. 
 
 Tewksbury. — " Prince Rupert Duke of Plunderland continues with his forces, about 
 Worcester and Teuxbury, expecting some additional supplies from Wales, and the 
 landing of the Irish rebels." Perfect Diurnal, Feb. 19 — 26, 1643-4. 
 
 Gloucester. — " The second plot was upon Gloucester, the cavaliers having conspired 
 with some officers there, to send out a troope of horse, which should have beene seem- 
 ingly set upon by the cavaliers' horse, who should have entred the city with them by 
 way of chase. A letter and <^.150 was brought for this purpose into Gloucester by a 
 woman, both which Colonel Massey intercepted, and so he hath gotten well for his 
 vigilancy. But the letter was without any direction, insomuch that none of the conspi- 
 rators were discovered when the party that brought this relation came from thence; yet 
 no doubt Colonel Massey hath inforced the woman ere this to discover to whom she 
 brought the letter and the money." Militan/ Scribe, Feb. 20 — 27, 1 643-4. 
 
 Gloucester. — " By a scout from (iloucester it was yesterday certified, that there was a 
 great deliverance from a bloody and cruel plot, intended to betray Glocester into the 
 hands of our blood-thirsty enemies. 
 
 " The Messenger's relation. 
 
 ''One Brotherton, a brewer in Glocester, went to Captain Bacchus, one of the cap- 
 taines of the towne, under the command of Colonel Massey, and moved him tojoyne 
 with him in a designe which he was upon, and it would be very advantageous to them 
 both ; the captaine entertained further discourse with him about it, promising to com- 
 ply with him. 
 
 " Brotherton told Captaine Bacchus that that night, which was Thursday was seventh 
 night last, the King's forces would be before Glocester, and that they would expect to 
 be let in at the west gate, which Brotherton had promised him should be opened for 
 him, and that he had received two hundred pounds in hand, and that they should be 
 advanced to great favour by the King, and receive a great reward. 
 
 "This Captaine Bacchus made it knowne to the governour. Colonel Massey, who 
 referring it to a counsell of warre sent a party of horse and foot to meet the enemy, 
 who were so great in number that they were forced to retreat back into the town with 
 some losse; but kept the enemie from the towne, and through God's mercy the plot 
 was prevented. 
 
 "Glocester would be in a good condition were there supply of men and mony come 
 to them, for with that which is est (sic) they have made the enemy remove. 
 
 " This teas the report of Master Withers, a scout from thence. 
 
 "It is since certified by letters that the ammunition so long expected at Glocester 
 was on Thursday last at Chipping Norton, and intended for (ilocester by Friday night; 
 it was no doubt welcomly received; the convoy was a party from the Earle of Man- 
 chester's forces and others." Mercur. Veridic. Feb. 20 — 27, 1644. 
 
 Gloucester. — ''Saturday, Feb. 24. Among the weekly lies is this. Col. Massey 
 hath taken Malmsbury, killed the Lieut. Colonel, taken 3OO prisoners, uith all the 
 
 amies
 
 100 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 amies in the town. (The knight that told you that newes will tell more, as fast as he 
 can make it.)" 3Iercur. ^uUc. Feb. 17 — 24, 1 6^43-4. 
 
 Tewksbury. — "The Parliament Papers say, 'Prince Rupert continues tvith his 
 forces, and stirs not from Worcester awrf Tewkesbury.' f fforcester and Tewkesbury 
 are both the same parish.)" Mercur. Aulic. Febr. 25 — March 2, 1643-4. 
 
 Anno 1644 — March. 
 
 " The cavaliers are drawne out of Banbury and other places, and marched into 
 Gloucestershire, to watch for the ammunition and provisions that are to be conveyed 
 to Colonel Massey at Gloucester, for whose safe conduct his Excellency the Lord Ge- 
 neral!, the Earle of Manchester, the Garrisons at Norhampton, Lecester, Coventrey, 
 and Warwick, will joyne such of their forces as ihey can spare, that the cavaliers may 
 not intercept or surprise them upon the way ; and no doubt but Colonel 31assei/ will 
 meet them to aide the convoy ; so that in all probability there will be some stickling 
 between the opposite parties in the keeping and gaining of those provisions, and un- 
 lesse a strong convoy be sent to guard them the cavaliers intend to ingage the greatest 
 part of their stren<ith for the obtaining of them, which, if they should effect, the city 
 of Gloucester would soon be reduced to the same predicament it was in the last sum- 
 mer." The Mitilary Scribe, N° 2, Feb. 2] to Mar. 5, 1644. 
 
 "Colonel Massie, the Governour of Gloucester, hath been wonderfully rescued out 
 of the hands of his enemies in this manner: he wente out with a partie of horse to 
 beat up one of the cavaliers quarters neere the city, and comming upon them the bit 
 of his horse's bridle brake, and his horse carried him violently upon the enemy, 
 whereat they cryed, 'The Governour! the Governour!' and took him prisoner; but his 
 troope of horse advancing after him, one of his troopers who had been little noted for 
 valour or activity, made up to him, fired his pistol upon the cavalier that kept him 
 prisoner, slew him and brought the Colonell safe off againe, to the great joy of all his 
 men." Military Scribe, N° 3, Mar. 5—12, 1644. 
 
 "The Irish troops so disturbed the citizens of Bristol by riotous conduct that they 
 were sent out of the c\ty to quarter in fflltshire and Gloucestershire, in which coun- 
 ties they are so outragious that they take whatsoever they can lay hands on, and rob 
 people of their monies, so that no man or woman dares carry any money about them 
 for feare of being bereft of it." Military Scribe, N° 3, Mar. 5 — 12, I644. 
 
 Gloucester. — '^ Tuesday, March ^. We had certain intelligence this day that the 
 Earl of Manchester had designed a considerable party under Colonel Cromwell to join 
 with the forces at Warwick to guard the ammunition to Gloucester, which as yet lies 
 at Warwick." Perfect Diurnal, from March 4 toW, 1643-4. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Wednesday, March 13. The ammunition for Gloucester is not, as 
 
 yet, further than Warwick, Prince Rupert, we hear, having drawn all the forces he 
 
 can from Shrewsbury to intercept their passage, which makes the convoy more cautious 
 
 to adventure till they have that additional supply, as is expected." Perfect Diurnal, 
 
 from 11 /o 18 March, 1643-4. 
 
 " Gloucester.
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. loi 
 
 Gloucester. — " There is a report about the town, and they say there are letters come 
 to avoucli it, that the ammunition desin;ned for Glocester in the absence of Prince 
 Rupert is safely arrived ; for my owne part I should be very glad to heare the report 
 confirmed unto a truth." Mercurius Feridicus, March 19 — 26, l644. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Maixli 2^. There are letters come signifying that the ammunition 
 for Gloucester went from thence [Warwick] on Thursday morning last; and there is 
 no doubt it is at Gloucester ere this." Perfect Diurnal, from March 18 to 25, 1644. 
 
 Worster. — "Prince Rupert is retreated towards Glocestershire to intercept the pro- 
 visions that are conveying to the city of Gloucester, which went from Warwick on the 
 sixth of this moneth, so that some action is to be expected between those parties." 
 Milifari/ Scribe, N"3, March ^ — 12, 1 644. 
 
 " The five thousand designed to conduct Colonell Masseyes ammunition from War- 
 wick to Glocester, I heare, are met at Warwick, and by this time it is hoped in action, 
 but Prince Rupert I heare lies quartered between Oxford and Worster; some say there 
 lies five thousand to stop the passage of our ammunition, and if they can to sease upon 
 it ; but I hope Sir Thomas Fairfax will assist the convoy. Prince Rupert raiseth what 
 strength he can, presseth all that are able to bear arms, and setteth such cruell taxes 
 upon the country people in that county, that he hath made it a most miserable county, 
 and utterly mined the inhabitants thereof." Mercurius Feridicus, March ^ — 12, l644- 
 
 Anno 1644 — April. 
 
 " It is reported that Sir William Waller hath taken some more of the enemies troops, 
 and is now upon a designe to relieve Glocester." Mercur. Veridic. Mar. 28 to Apr. 4, 
 1644. 
 
 "Since Collonel Massey received his ammunition from Gloster the country have 
 come in much to him, and dissert Master Uutton and the rest of the Commissioners of 
 Aray to serve the King and Parliament, and have taken the covenant." Mercur. Ve- 
 ridic. Apr. 2 — 9, 1644. 
 
 Gloucester. — " There came a serjant of Colonel Massye's, Governor of Gloucester, 
 to the Parliament that day, by whom we have certain intelligence that the monies for- 
 merly assigned by the Parliament for this garrison, and part of the ammunition (the 
 rest remaining still at Warwick) is arrived safe at Gloucester, whereby that garrison is 
 now settled in so good a condition, Col Massy will adventure abroad, and be in action 
 suddenly, believe it." Perfect Diurnal, from Apr. 1 to 8, 1C44. 
 
 Gloucester. — "There is a report that Colonel Massy setting out with a party from 
 Gloucester hath lately performed some noble exploit about Tcuxbury. The ammu- 
 nition is for certain come safe to Gloucester, and we may rest assured in this, that the 
 noble Colonel will not be out of action, as there shall be occasion; but of the former 
 report we will not be too confident till we hear further," Perfect Diurnal, from Apr. 
 8 #0 15, 1644. 
 
 Gloucester. — "April 22. This day the Committee for Gloucestershire produced a 
 petition from Colonel Massie, the Governor of Gloucester, with a representation of 
 
 their
 
 102 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 their estate and condition ; and how and in what manner their neighbour enemies lay, 
 who were somewhat augmented by the King's drawing up all his forces to their general 
 rendezvous at Marlborough." Perfect Diurnal, from Apr. 22 to 29, 1644. 
 
 Gloucester. — "April 2". About 100 men, that were taken prisoners about 6 weeks 
 since 4 miles from Gloucester, and carried prisoners to Oxford, were exchanged for 
 100 that were taken by the Parliament's forces, and this day came to London, and 
 order was given by his Excellency for the provision of quarters and other necessaries 
 for them." Perfect Diurnal, from May 6 to 13, 1644. 
 
 Anno 1644 — May. 
 
 Gloucester. — "An order for the 12 tunne of bullets sent to Gloucester to be payd 
 out of Haberdashers Hall." Perfect Diurnal, from May 6 to 13, 1644. 
 
 Gloucester. — "It was ordered, that Mr. Stephen Eastwicke, one of the Commissioners 
 of the Customs, should provide and prepare 1400 coats, shoes, sirts (sic), and knap- 
 sacks, to be sent to the garrison of Gloucester." Perfect Diurnal, May 13 — 20, 1644. 
 
 Gloucester. — "iJ/a?/25. Colonel Massie took Beverstone Castle. It was surrendered 
 with no other condition than quarter for their lives. He took about 60 prisoners." 
 Diary, May 24 ^0 31, 1644. 
 
 He also took Malmesbury, and for this service the House of Commons voted, 
 
 1st. That the Committee of Gloucester should prepare an ordinance, and bring it 
 into the House with all convenient speed, to settle such lands on Colonel Massey as 
 shall be worth ^.1000 a year, to be taken out of the estate of Sir John Winter, a 
 great recusant, or out of the estate of some other delinquents now in arms against the 
 Parliament. 
 
 2d. That the Western Counties be desired from both Houses of Parliament to raise 
 so many horse for Colonel Massey as conveniently they can spare to make him up a 
 considerable brigade. 
 
 3d. That Colonel Massey's foot regiments shall be recruited out of the monies that 
 are coming in upon the ordinance for Gloucester ; which monies (as in the said ordi- 
 nance is specified) is to be raised by the subscription of all such persons as will volunta- 
 rily contribute, either in plate, horses, or arms, for the advancement of the said service, 
 
 " It is said, further, that great sums from so many sources may justly be expected 
 for the recruiting and maintaining of horse and foot for the garrison of Gloucester." 
 Diary, May 24 — 31, 1644. 
 
 Anno 1644 — June. 
 
 Gloucester. — " June 7. Colonel Massey hath had good success : since supply of 
 ammunition came, he hath been scouring Gloucestershire of the viperous broods of 
 cavaliers that swarmed about him, not only at the West side of Severn, towards the 
 Welsh counties, but he hath prospered as well in his Southward march, and hath 
 seased on all the garrisons between him and Bristol, where he marched up so near to 
 the enemy's quarters, that he gave them an alarm to the purpose, and took a lieutenant 
 and captain and a priest, and sent them all prisoners to Gloucester. 
 
 " This
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 103 
 
 "This news was soon brought to the King's army, and struck the royal quarters into 
 an amazement ; there was no small store of cursing and swearing to hear of Colonel 
 Massey being there ; the courtiers thought surely some familiar had carried him under 
 ground. But I observe that this brave Colonel never sends abroad, or engages himself, 
 but he succeeds honorably. It was pity he was so long without relief, for he loves to 
 be in action, and is now trying experiments every day, and his soldiers do exceedingly 
 rejoice in his actings and exposings, and abundance of influence falls from him upon 
 his arms, resulting to their great encouragement ; and besides the County comes in 
 very freely to him: he is 3000 strong of horse and foot, or very near upon the matter." 
 Perfect Occurrences, from May ^\ to June 7, 1644. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Colonel Massey, it is hoped, hath strength enough to secure Glou- 
 cester." Perfect Occurrences, June 7 to 14, l644. 
 
 Gloucester. — " The King marching from Evesham to Tewkesbury, pursued by Sir 
 William Waller, Colonel Massey prepared what strength he could in Gloucestershire." 
 Perfect Occurrences, June l^ to 21, l644. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Sir William Waller marched last Saturday from Mr. Bel's near Glou- 
 cester to Stow on the Old ; from whence he went to Bicester.' Perfect Occurrences, 
 June 21 to 28, 1C44. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Sir William Waller left his greatest ordnance at Gloucester, and 
 marched by Stow on the Wold to overtake the King." Perfect Diurnal, from June 
 24 to July 1, 1644. 
 
 Anno 1644 — July. 
 
 Gloucester. — Tewksbury. — " July 9. By letters it was certified to the Committee, 
 that the King had faced Tewksbury, and was gone towards Gloucester, supposed for 
 Bristol." 
 
 Gloucester. — "July 10. Colonel Massey having his horse at this time with Sir Wil- 
 liam Waller, and no forces but what are for his garrisons, and the trained bands of the 
 country, is resolved to make all good at home by the best means he can ; but we can- 
 not expect him to do any thing abroad till his horse return ; yet he keeps in Sir John 
 Winter, that arch Papist, from plundering, which a party from Sir John lately at- 
 tempted, but were beaten back again by Colonel Massey, and kept still in the Forest, 
 the fittest place for such wild spirits." Perfect Occurrences, July 5 to 12, 1644. 
 
 Gloucester. — "This day we also received intelligence that his Majesty with the 
 Prince on the last Lord's day marched from Deane in the county of Gloucester to 
 Bath, with about 7000 horse, foot, and dragoons." 
 
 "July 20. Letters from Colonel Massey, certifying the King's- marching from 
 Shudeley westwards, and that his 5000 horse, and 6000 foot so reported to be, as he 
 guessed them, are 4000 of horse, and 3000 foot at most ; that he had sent post letters, 
 both to the Lord General and Sir William Waller, of his knowledge thereof; and that 
 himself followed the rear with three troops, and so kept them from plunder; that he 
 took Co prisoners ; but the King was then at Bath ; and if he had with his three 
 troops on Monday but 1000 horse, and as many dragoons, the King's number had 
 
 been
 
 104 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 been lessened 2000 before he came to Bath ; for he marched away very heavy and unfit 
 to fight; that he perceived their intentions were to join with Prince Maurice and 
 Hopton, and he desires his horse again, formerly sent to Sir William Waller." Per- 
 fect Diurnal, from July l% to 25, l644. 
 
 Gloucester. — "We were also informed that Sir William Waller had fallen upon 
 some of the King's troops in their passage near Gloucester, where he surprized above 
 6*0 horse, and took many prisoners." Diary, July ]g to 25, l644. 
 
 Gloucester. — "July 20. This day it was certified that Colonel Massey hearing of a 
 
 party of horse, that were scouting up and down to plunder in Gloucestershire from Sir 
 
 John Winter, and were come over the river, he sent scouts, who discovered them, 
 
 and Colonel Massey ambuscadoed them, and took a whole troop with all their oflicers 
 
 prisoners, and he took all their horses and 50 and odd arms." Perfect Occurrences, 
 
 from July IQ to 26, 1644- 
 
 Anno 1644 — August. 
 
 Gloucester. — " It was ordered, that the half custom on currants, formerly allotted 
 for Gloucester, should be transferred to Plymouth, other care being taken for the sup- 
 ply of the garrison of Gloucester." Perfect Diurnal, Aug. ^ to 12, 1644. 
 
 "Aug.". — This day letters w^re read in the House, under Colonel Massey's own 
 hand, signifying that having drawn out his forces against Berkeley Castle, the enemy's 
 forces from Hereford, Lempster, Ludlow, &c. joined together, and advanced towards 
 Gloucester with a purpose to destroy the country, and, as some of their own men have 
 confessed, burn up the corn, and thereby to straighten the city ; thereupon they sent 
 out a great party under the command of Colonel JNIynn, Governor of Hereford, and 
 other commanders, who entered into Gloucestershire, and began to spoil ; whereupon 
 Colonel Massey, having intelligence, wheeled about towards them, fought with them, 
 and gave them the rout, slew Colonel Mynn on the place, and about 100 of his 
 men, &c. 
 
 "After the reading of this letter, the ordinance for the better relief and supply of 
 the garrison of Gloucester was called for and past the House, and sent to the Lords for 
 their concurrence." Perfect Diurnal, from Aug. 5 to 12, 1644. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Aug. 24- Massey in London waiting the orders of Parliament; 
 highly honoured — important orders under decision for the Committee at Gloucester." 
 Perfect Diurnal. 
 
 Gloucester. — " We met with Collonel Massey on the last Saturday night so late, and 
 the night so darke, that wee knew him only by the lustre of his valour, which ho- 
 noured and overcame the darknesse. He was then returning to his government of 
 (iloucester, and made haste by the priviledge of night to get a day upon his enemies." 
 London Post, N° 3, Aug. 27, 1644. 
 
 Anno 1644 — September. 
 Gloucester. — "An ordinance passed the Commons House for ^.10,000 a month 
 to be raised in the county of Gloucester for the relief of the garrison soldiers." Perfect 
 Diurnal, Sept. 1 (0 7, 1644. 
 
 " Wickwar.
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 105 
 
 Wickwar. — " Letters also were brought from Col. Massey, dated Aug. 7, signifying 
 that he had faced Bathe but with a 100 horse; that from thence he was retired towards 
 Wickwar and Malmesbury; that hee had now received an addition of four hundred 
 horse more from Glocestershire ; and that the County of Wiltshire were ready to give 
 an increase to his army of 500 horse and 500 foot." London Post, N° 5, Sept. 10, 1644. 
 
 "Col. Massie is at Bath with 1500 men to prevent Prince Rupert recruiting, who 
 had only 300 horse." Le Mercure Anglois, N^ 12, Sept. 5 — 12, 1644. 
 
 " Col. Massie is ready to charge the rear-guard of a small royal army thought to be 
 intended for Oxford." Le Mercure Anglois, Sept. 12 — ig, 1644. 
 
 Gloucester. — ''Sept. 7, 1644. Massey advanced from Gloucester to Bath to hover 
 on the King's rear." Perfect Diurnal. 
 
 " Sept. 14, 1644. — Massey upon the drawing together of so brave an army again of 
 the Parliament's forces in Devonshire is marched back into Gloucestershire, and so 
 being towards Banbury to be a reserve to the besiegers there." Perfect Diurnal. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Out of Gloucestershire it was this day certified that Lieutenant Co- 
 lonel Winter (a kinsman of Sir John Winter, the great Papist, and stickler for the 
 King; but this Lieutenant Colonel Winter is a gallant man, and cordial for the Par- 
 liament, a man of a publick spirit), the said Lieutenant Colonel Winter having disco- 
 vered a party of Rupert's scattered forces, he ambuscadoed some hedges, which they 
 were to pass, and as they passed by, the ambuscadoes rose and fell upon them, killed 
 upon the place a serjeant major and some 4 or 5 men, wounded many more, and scat- 
 tered the rest; and this he did with a very small party. 
 
 "There came likewise this day intelligence that Colonel Massey hath sent a parcel 
 of horse to scour out after the scattered horse that fled from the battle of Montgo- 
 mery. Were all our commanders of this readiness to assist each other in the pursuit 
 of our victories and other advantages it were not possible but more would be done." 
 Perfect Occurrences, from Sept. 20 to 27, 1644. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Letters from Colonel Massey came to the Parliament, complaining 
 of want of horses and men." Perfect Occurrences, from Sept. 27 to Octoh. 4. 
 
 Gloucester. — " There was a flying report, that the heroick and noble Ciovernour 
 Colonell Massey had fallen upon Prince Rupert's body of horse ; and that he had 
 taken Prince Rupert prisoner. And the malignants (who to shew their malice will 
 imploy their active tongues in any untruth) have raised another report cleane crosse to 
 this concerning Colonell Massey. The truth is, that a messenger belonging to the Com- 
 mittee of both Kingdomes came from Colonell Massey on the last Friday to the Par- 
 liament, certifying them that he had advanced against the said forces, and though he 
 was farre iesse in number, he had encountred with them, having taken them at some 
 advantage; and that he was then in the pursuite of them, and was resolved not to 
 returne unto his government of Glocester until he had absolutely destroyed them." 
 London Post, N° 5, Sept. 24, 1644. 
 
 " The siege is raised for certain before Plymouth ; this town and that of Gloucester 
 
 are two 'funestes places' for the armies of the King." Le Mercure Anglois, N' 14> 
 
 Sept. 19—26, 1644. 
 
 p " Anno
 
 106 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Anno 1644 — October. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Massey busy in Somersetshire and Monmouthshire." Perfect Occur- 
 rences, Oct. 4 toll. 
 
 Gloucester. — "A girl from 16 to 17 years old, disguised as a boy, offered herself as 
 a recruit for the guard at Hyde Park. She was a native of Gloucestershire, and was 
 put to a master, as an apprentice, for six weeks upon trial, but fled upon the ieve of the 
 day when she was to be bound. She was taken up and thought by some to be a spy, 
 to discover the state of London. But her age and her sex seemed to destroy this opi- 
 nion. Neanmoins la malice du sexe fominin est Men grand; elle va hien souvent an 
 dela de Vage. Nevertheless the malice of the female sex is very great, it often goes 
 beyond age." Le Mercure Anglois, N° 16, Oct. 3 — 10, lf)44. 
 
 " Massey active in Wales." Le Mercure Anglois, N" 17, Oct. 10 — 17, IG44. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Col. Massey obtained some advantage over Lord Herbert's forces near 
 Monmouth. This newes coming to Prince Rupert at Bristoll, he would have forced 
 five hundred men to goe out of that city to help the Lord Herbert, but they refused to 
 goe ; at length by fair promises he got three hundred foot to march out into Glouces- 
 tershire (for through Monmouthshire they durst not go, because Colonel Massey had 
 the command of all the garrisons thereabouts) ; yet the Prince suspecting the fidelity 
 of those men sent twenty horsemen to guide and have an eye upon them ; but they 
 watching their opportunity seized upon fifteen of those horsemen, and carried them 
 into Gloucester, where they have submitted themselves to the Parliament, and are now 
 under Colonell Massey's command. Colonell Massey writeth that he desireth but an 
 addition of a thousand foot and five hundred horse to conquer all South Wales." 
 London Post, N°9, Oct. 16, 1644. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Bysome that came out of Gloucestershire it was reported that Colonel 
 Massey, according to an order from the Committee of both Kingdoms, had furthered 
 a party to pursue the King, and that Colonel Gerrard was come out of Wales to the 
 King, and also that Colonel Massey was with the 4OOO horse and foot in the rear. 
 The King's army were so distracted at the hearing thereof, that they knew not whither 
 to go, nor what to do ; and that the King himself, who by this vigilant and active 
 Colonel Massey is now pursued, was fearful to lodge in any town or garrison, but hath 
 lyen several nights in the field. 
 
 "Thus have we one report; but afterwards it is said, 'Colonel Massey hath no 
 strength of thousands, as we heard it reported; he desires but 1500: I would he had 
 these, for his strength is so small, and his artillery so great, that whilst he took 60O 
 horse from Gerard's rear, Sir John Winter hath taken Monmouth from him.' N. B. 
 Monmouth was not taken ; only a house Massey had fortified 5 miles from Mon- 
 mouth." Perfect Occurrences, Oct. 25, 1644. 
 
 Anno 1644 — November — none. 
 
 Anno 1G44 — December. 
 Gloucester. — "Col. Massey has taken some carriages coming from Bristol, and in 
 them ^.8000 sterling." Le Mercure Anglois, Dec. 26 to Jan. 2, 1644-5. 
 
 " From
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 107 
 
 "From the North we will now lead you into the West, and acquaint you with the 
 affaires of our forces there, and what successe it hath pleased God of late to give unto 
 some troops belonging unto Colonell Massey, and the enemies designe to straighten 
 Glocester, as you shall find it in this letter represented : , 
 
 " Loving Sir, 
 
 "For news in those parts we have this, that the Worcestershire Committee are come 
 safe to our towne of Tewkesbury with two hundred and forty horse and men well ap- 
 pointed; and Colonell Rowse is raising a regiment of foote, I hope to good purpose, 
 which with those horse belonging to our governour Colonell Massey may doe well, for 
 hee is still abroad and in action. We have a foule quarter hereabouts with the enemy 
 by reason of the losse of Monmouth ; the Welsh are still hearkening for our gover- 
 nour's absence, and then on the Forrest of Deane's side we never want constant 
 alarmes, especially when he is towards Stroud, or Cicester, so that we have a hellish 
 life, unlesse we could divide our forces, and that cannot be till these horse doe joyne 
 with us. Sir, I can informe you of a successful passage of late, that was acted by Cap- 
 taine Gainesford, who keeps one of our garrisons on the Forrest side : he had intelli- 
 gence that Sir John Winter's forces were gone abroad to plunder the countrey ; and 
 taking about forty men with him, he met with the plunderers, killed one and twenty 
 of them, and took fourteene of them prisoners, together with foure waynes and the 
 drivers of them, and sixteene oxen; it was a brave defence I will assure you. I could 
 certifie you of some other passages, but it would be too tedious ; one is of our gover- 
 nour's captaine lieutenant, who with a party met with a party of the king's horse, killed 
 twelve of them, tooke foure prisoners, and one captaine of great note, and a scarfe 
 worth ten pound at the least. Captaine Robert Massey was at the same time neere 
 taking in his quarters, but his trumpet sounding unto horse, the enemy fled, though 
 they were within a stone's cast of him. I think we could fright them with ram's 
 homes. 
 
 " There was lately a mutinie at Sudley Castle by the base abuse of unruly souldiers, 
 being but one day behinde of their pay. Captaine George Massey, the governour 
 thereof, was gone to borrow money to pay them accordingly, and hearing of it came 
 home, and demanding who was the mutiners, one of them answered, that what was 
 done was done but in jest; but he understanding that he who made the answer was the 
 chiefest stickler, he did pricke him in the thigh with his sword, whereof he died. But 
 all is well againe in that castle, which is of great consequence; some unruly knaves will 
 be, doe what a man can. We have now three brothers, all honest men ; viz. our Go- 
 vernour Massey, Captaine George Massey, and Capt. Robert Massey of London, who 
 is comming on with a good troope of horse. He is a valiant man, as well as the rest. 
 Other slight businesses have been done, but tliose I omit till further proceedings be to 
 satisfie you at large. To conclude : if some of your great forces doe not come forward 
 to suppresse the enemies sallying out so neere us, here will be no resting in quiet, they 
 doe so follow us on three or four sides. Thus for this time I take leave, and rest 
 
 Vour Friend, &c." 
 
 Tewkesbury, Decemh. l6, l644. London Post, N" iS, Jan. 7, 1644-.';. 
 
 Anno
 
 loS HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Anno 1645. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Colonel Massey's garrisons in Gloucestershire are so much straitened 
 that they have very little elbow roome to stirre out upon any occasion. And, amongst 
 others, Sir Jacob Asheley's garrison at Cirencester is no little hindrance to them." 
 London Post, N" 22, Fehr. 4, 1 644-5. 
 
 "We understand from Gloucestershire that some of Sir Jacob Asheley's troops have 
 been plundering within three miles of Gloucester, and have driven away all the cattle 
 from thence; but Sir William Waller being now on his advance into the West, there 
 no doubt will care be taken for the clearing of the enemy from those parts, where they 
 are most infesting." London Post, N° 23, Feb. 1 644-5. 
 
 "We heare that Colonel Massey hath met with Sir John Winter and his men, and 
 fought with him, and have slaine bothe him and thirty of his men. The next day he 
 encountered another party of his, and slewe twenty-nine of them, and routed the rest, 
 who did fly for protection into a strong fortifyed house. In these two fights Colonel 
 Massey took fifty prisoners, killed fifty-nine of the enemy, in which number were Sir 
 John Winter, two majors and a cornet." London Post, N° 23, Feb. 1 644-5. 
 
 Gloucester. — "We understand that Colonel Massey hath defeated and routed a regi- 
 ment of the enemy that were going from Bristol to Prince Rupert." London Post, N" 
 28, B'larch 1644-5. 
 
 Gloucester. — " March 18, 1 644-5- Massey at Ledbury and Ross." 
 
 Gloucester. — "Now for the account of Gloucester we have great cause to bless God 
 that ever Colonel Massey was made governor of the garrison of Gloucester; and he now 
 impedes the passage between 0.\ford and Bristol that way, as Sir William Waller doth 
 by the way of Wiltshire. He hath cleared all Cheltenham Hundred on the one side, 
 and almost all Botloe on the other. Some garrisons the enemy keeps still in the forest 
 of Dean (but Sir John Winter himself is at Bristol), and the county forces raised by 
 the Committee are acting to stop provisions from them ; though there be some jarres 
 between the Committee and Colonel Massey, yet their designs go on against the com- 
 mon enemy; but it is pity they will such times as these (when every man's eyes are 
 upon Colonel Massey, a tried gallant commander) quarrel. There is nothing more 
 admired in the city of London than to hear that the Committee of Gloucester should 
 make any opposition against him, of whom is grown a common proverb — 'Brave 
 Colonel Massey, that faithful and gallant man.' 
 
 " But this county of Gloucester doth so border upon Warwickshire and Oxfordshire 
 that if Rupert do retreat further to Oxford to the West, the skirts of this county must 
 expect to suffer under their cruelty again for the Parliament ; but Colonel Massey is in 
 the field, and strengthens himself what he can." General Account, March 31, 1645- 
 
 " We next hear of Massey being at Pershore, where he burned the abbey to the 
 ground, the enemy intending to fortify it." London Post, Apr. 1, 1645, N"29. 
 
 " Colonel Harlow and Major Harlow his brother departed this day out of London 
 towards Gloucester to the assistance of Colonell Massey, whose brave atchievement for 
 the service of the state deserveth all incouragement." London Post, N°30, Apr. 1 to 
 S, 1645. 
 
 Winchcombe.
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 109 
 
 Winchcombe. — Sudley. — "A party from Campden marched from thence to Winch- 
 combe, and on this day sevennight plundered the whole town, drove away many cattle, 
 and left the poor people not so much as a clean shirt for Easter day. Had we any 
 horse at Sudley Castle, which is not above 2 miles from it, we should have haply made 
 them to repent and return their plundering"; but we hear this day that Colonel Massey 
 is advanced from Gloucester with 1000 horse and foot to bring these plunderers on his 
 way, being upon some other great design, unto deserved punishment. This was in- 
 formed from very good hands, that Sir John Winter's house at Lidney hath been be- 
 sieged these ten days and more, and suddenly they intended to storm it." London 
 Post, Monday, April 7, 1645. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Massey sends for reinforcements, because Herefordshire is in the 
 King's hands, and Gloucestershire thus in danger." Perfect Occurrences, April 4 — 
 
 11,1645. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Prince Rupert and Maurice now in Gloucestershire." IVeehly Post- 
 master, April 8 — 15, 1645. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Colonel Massey's letter is our Imprimis from Gloucester : — 
 
 " Sir, — In continuation of my duty, you may be pleased to receive this accompt of 
 the Prince's army. On Friday last their army marched into the forest of Deane out of 
 Herefordshire, where they relieved Sir John Winter's house, which 1 had blockt up, 
 but I drew my men off without losse, I praise God. They destroyed the country where 
 they came, and plundered all parts, and fired some. The lower parts towards Severne 
 side, I endeavoured to preserve, and did it, but by reason of the great number of horse 
 the enemy had there, I am not able to shew myself in the forrest above hill. Their 
 strength was Sir JNIarmaduke Langdale's brigade of horse, consisting of 150O, and some 
 of Prince Rujiert's horse, about 500 more. Major-general Askley's foot, three troopes, 
 and the rest of the Lord Harbert's forces. I had not, neither could I make, above 200 
 horse and foot, I marched eighty shot, enough to have grappled with their infantry, 
 besides the assistance of the countrey men, now resolved (since all is gone) to make the 
 warre their living. I writ to Sir William Brereton and Sir William Waller for assist- 
 ance of a 1000 horse, but no relief. The Lord grant that for the future things may be 
 redressed. I humbly take my leave, and rest 
 
 " Your humble and reall servant, Ed. Massev. 
 
 " Postscript. — Sir Marmaduke Langdale was shot at Nash garrison, a petty garrison 
 of cur's in the forrest, and lyeth very ill of the same, now at Monmouth, and the 
 enemy is retreated into Herefordshire." Mercur. Feridic. N" 1, April 12 — 19, l645- 
 
 Gloucester. — " Colonel Cooke is advancing towards Gloucester with Coo horse as- 
 signed by ihe committee of both kingdoms to join with Colonel Massey." Petfect 
 Passages, April 16 — 23, 1645. 
 
 Gloucester. — " It appears, that Massey had as much horse sent to him, as amounted 
 to 1500." Perfect Occurrences, April 18 — 25, 1C43. 
 
 Gloucester. — "The last letters from Colonel Massey do certify, that the enemy 
 have of late exercised much tyranny and done much plundering and other mischief in 
 these parts." Perfect Declaration, April 26, 1645. 
 
 Gloucester.
 
 no HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Letters from Gloucester of April 22 say, Prince Rupert with his 
 other great commanders and soldiers came again into the forest, being I500 horse, and 
 about 500 or 600 foot, where he burnt in two or three parishes all the houses, which 
 were little better than cottages, and might be of the least advantage for any soldier to 
 shelter in, plundered all exceedingly, burnt some of the iron mills. Upon Tuesday 
 last Colonel Massey, with about 200 horse, faced their whole body, which stood upon 
 a hill, opposite to Huntley-hill, where he was, and durst not send out a party to him, 
 but supposing that he had horse and foot covertly near him retreated to places of their 
 best advantage, and are since gone through Rosse towards Hereford. 'Tis thought they 
 will go again into Cheshire, having some ordnance and other artillery with them. Sir 
 John Winter's house, some say, is to be pulled down : they have taken the lead off the 
 house, and goods on the way. Others say. Prince Rupert sent word to Lieutenant- 
 colonel Winter to keep it. There are come to Shudeley (most say) 600 horse for this 
 purpose from Warwick, Northampton, and Coventry ; if they be so many I believe 
 something will suddenly be done. We exceedingly want horse here, the few we have 
 being wearied out." — Gloucester, April 22, I645. — Petted Declaration, April 19 — 
 26, 1645. 
 
 Gloucester. — " The lord mayor, aldermen, and common council of the city of 
 London came to the door of the House of Commons ; and (inter alia), desired the 
 House, that special care be had of the city of Gloucester, which hath performed such 
 unparalleled services for the state at their last siege." Perfect Diurnal, April 21 — 28, 
 1645. 
 
 "A letter was this day read, that came from Gloucester, informing them of the cala- 
 mities of these parts by reason of the potency and cruelty of the enemy there ; and 
 after debate thereupon it was ordered, that an ordinance should be brought on Mon- 
 day next for the raising and maintaining a considerable strength in the county of Glou- 
 cester ; and that it should be referred to a committee to consider how these monies 
 may be raised." Perfect Diurnal, April 21 — 28, 1645. 
 
 Gloucester. — "The Lord Herbert's forces and some of Prince Rupert's are drawn 
 towards Newnham to prevent Collonel Massey 's comming on that side the river of 
 Severne, and Collonel Massey hath drawn what strength he can to that town to main- 
 tain the bridge and keep the enemy from making any near approach that way towards 
 Gloucester ; and by this time the twelve troops of horse sent to him being joined, we 
 doubt not but to hear in a short time, that he will not only keep other parts of the 
 country from being plundered, but do some notable exploit against the enemy." 
 Merciir. Feridic. N° 2, April ig — 26, 1645. 
 
 Gloucester. — " An ordinance was made that the estates of Papists and delinquents, 
 not yet discovered in the county of Gloucester, should be disposed of for the supply of 
 the forces in that county." True Informer for the IVeek ending May 3, 1645. 
 
 April 25, 1645. " Massey ordered by Parliament to have ^.1000 per annum during 
 life; and ^.200 for his gallantry in the fight at Ledbury with Prince Rupert's troops." 
 Ibid. 
 
 " A few
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. HI 
 
 "A few days after Massey was made a Major-General," Perfect Passages, Jpril^o 
 to May 7. 
 
 Gloucester. — "The county of Gloucester hearing that the committee of the west 
 Jesire to make Colonel Massey major-general of the west, are much discontent to hear 
 it, being very loath to part with that gallant gentleman, by whose valour they have 
 (through God's blessing) been so defended against the continual fear of the eneniy, and 
 the inhabitants of the county are joining together hands and hearts to petition for his 
 continuance at Gloucester still." Perfect Passages, from April 30 to May 7, 1645. 
 
 Gloucester. — "May 12. From Gloucester we received intelligence this day that 
 Colonel Massey was at Chedley, about 8 miles from Gloucester, and had sent back the 
 forces, that came to him to join with those who attended the King's motions ; so 
 careful is this gallant gentleman for to have the publick service done above his own 
 particular." Perfect Passages. 
 
 " The malice of the destroying enemy hath always been extended in an extream 
 manner against this country. In the midst therefore of all our sorrows this is our 
 hopes, that they intend now to take their ultimum vale ; for surely if they did not, 
 they would deal more sparingly with us, for betweene Glocester and Cirencester, they 
 have scarce left either goods or cattle. The letters also say, that the Prince's forces 
 have burnt divers houses and barnes full of corne." 3Iercurius f^eridic. N" 4, May^ — 
 10, 1645- 
 
 Gloucester. — " Rejiort was made in Collonel Massey's businesse ; the committee of 
 the west would have his command inlarged within their association, and Glocester have 
 petitioned for his stay with them; what will be done in it, few dayes will produce. 
 
 "This day we had also certaine information, that Collonel Massey with twelve or 
 fourteen hundred horse and foot, marched over the plaines within four miles of Camp- 
 den-house, and sending forth a partie gave the enemy an allarm ; he also lighted on 
 two of their scouts, and sending a partie towards Burford they took ten of the Prince's 
 horse, and as many prisoners." Alercur'nis I^eridic. N" 4, May ^ — 10, 1G45. [The 
 King's troops burned Campden-house, and all things in it, that were combustible. The 
 Parliamenfs Post, May 6 — 13, 1 645-] 
 
 "The last week I told you that Collonel Massey was abroad with a partie upon the 
 Downes ; we are now to certifie you further, that upon the motion of his Majestie's 
 whole armie that way, he returned againe to Gloucester, and is since gone out againe 
 on another designe, of which you will hear more very suddainly." Mercur. l^eridic. 
 May 10 — IG, 16'45. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Colonel Massey is marching with his foot towards Tewksbury to 
 scoure that part of the county, in case that any of the King's forces should wlieele 
 about from Worcestershire and break that way into the country. This valiant and 
 vigilant commander is to be commander now in chief of the forces in the west under 
 Sir Thomas Fairfax." Parliamenfs Post, N" 2, May I3— 20, 1C45. 
 
 " We understand that Colonell Lloyd, one of the governours of the new-modelktl 
 army, is made governour of Gloucester in the roome of CoUonell Massey." Parlia- 
 ment's Post, N°3, May 20 — 27, 1645- 
 
 " Colonel
 
 112 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 " Colonel Massey is gone from Glocester," Mercurius Feridkus, N" 9, June 7 — . 
 
 14, 1645. 
 
 " Colonel Massey and Colonel Harlow came to London on Tuesday last, and 
 Thursday about noon, Colonel Massey posted out of London towards his western 
 command ; and Collonel Harlowe returnes tomorrow towards Gloucester.'' Mercurius 
 Ver'idicus, N° 10, June 14 — 21, 1645. 
 
 " In the enumeration of Parliament towns, Glocester is styled ' La ville renommc^e 
 de Glocester'." [The renowned town of Glocester.] Le Mercure Anglois, N° 43, Jan. 
 19—26, 1G45. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Gen. Fairfax endeavours to occupy the passages of the Severn to 
 hinder the King's troops from repassing; and by this means they will be obliged to 
 stay in Wales, or the west." Le Mercure Anglois, N° 43, Ju7ie 19 — 26, I645. 
 
 " Sir Thomas Fairfax marched from Campden towards Gloucester, to the intent, if 
 it were possible, either to get before the King, and prevent his going to Bath, and for 
 the west, or to keep him on the other side Severn, and assist Collonel Massey in the 
 relief of Taunton." Mercurius Feridlcus, N" 11, June 21 — 28, 16'45. 
 
 " We are advertised, that many in Herefordshire, who were imprested for his Ma- 
 jestie's service, are run away, and some of them are fled into Glocester, and are so 
 weary of the war, and of the condition of those who are with the King, that they did 
 swimme over the river Wye, to flie at once from their country and from them, rather 
 than they would be found to be in a warre against the Parliament." Parliament's 
 Post, N° 11, Juhf 15—23, 1645. 
 
 "Major-General Massey's sister is in London, and lately came from Gloucester, in 
 which place she left behind her many admirable examples of piety and discretion, and 
 in that county (made wilde and desolate by war) she appeared like another nature, and 
 was as great a housewife as the eartli itselfe, which turneth all things into nourishment 
 and beauty." Parliaments Post, N" 11, July 15 — 23, 1645. 
 
 Gloucester. — "From the leaguer before Bristol we heard thus much : that the club- 
 men of Gloucester and Somersetshire have expressed much aflfection to Sir Thomas 
 Fairfax's army, and are raising a gallant party to assist him in the taking of Bristol." 
 Perfect Diurnal, Sept. 1 — 8, 1645. 
 
 Gloucester, Sept. 6. " Major-General Poyntz, Col. Rossiter, and the rest are in 
 pursuit of the King, as far as Gloucester." Perfect Diurnal, Sept. 1 — 8, I645. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Burgesses expelled the House for deserting the Parliament and going 
 to the King : — " Gloucester City — M. Henr. Bret. 
 
 " County — John Dutton. 
 " Tewksbury — M.John Craven. 
 " Cirencester — Sir Theob. Gorge, John Gorge." 
 
 Perfect Passages, Sept.S — 10, 1645. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Sept. 9. Major-General Poyntz is quartered about Gloucester: his 
 forces are about 2000, and 1000 more are marching up to him, who, were they come 
 up, he would engage with the King, but in the mean time he kept between the King 
 
 and
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 113 
 
 and Bristol, and is joined with Colonel Morgan and the Gloucestershire horse." Per- 
 fect Passages, Sept. 3 — 10, l645- 
 
 Gloucester. — "A letter from Tewksbury : — On Wednesday, the 3d Sept. 1645, 
 the Scots marched to Nevvent, where they quartered that night; on Thursday the 4th 
 to Isingham, 2 miles short of Gloucester ; on Friday they marched all through Glou- 
 cestershire, and quartered at Oxendon 4 miles on this side Gloucester ; on Saturday 
 to Cleave ; on the Lord's Day they all rested ; and this night they entered their quarters 
 at Werkenford 3 miles from Evesham, and so onward to the north. At this very in- 
 stant Major-General Poyntz is here with the commissioners, and his horse are now 
 passing over Severn in botes on Worcestershire side, and so onwards, intending to be 
 observant of the King's motions, especially if he look towards Bristol." Perfect Oc- 
 currences, Sept. 5 — 12, 16"4,T. 
 
 Gloucester. — "From Gloucester by letters this day it was certified, that the 
 Scottish army had certainly raised their siege from Hereford, and were marched this 
 way ; that on Thursday last the whole army had their quarters at Highnam, within 
 2 miles of Gloucester, and on Friday marched through Gloucester, intending to quar- 
 ter that night at Cheltenham ; so towards Warwick and thence homewards. Major- 
 General Poyntz with between 3 and 4000 horse was then within 6 miles of Gloucester, 
 and was making a bridge near Teuxbury over Severn to attend the King's motion, 
 who is now about Monmouth and Hereford." Perfect Diurnal, Sept. 8 — 15, 1645. 
 
 Gloucester. — " By letters from Gloucester it was certified that Major-General 
 Poyntz was quartered not far from the city with about 4000 horse ; and that he was 
 then making a bridge over the river of Severn to be more near unto the forces of the 
 King, and it was also certified, that he had received the addition of 400 horse, which 
 being sent from Sir John Gell, did safely antl hap|)ily arrive as a welcome recruit unto 
 him, under the command of Major Sanders." Diary, Sept. 11 — iS, l64;)- 
 
 Gloucester. — "This day the House of Commons took into consideration the several 
 good services done by Major-general Massey in Gloucestershire, and since from time 
 to time ; and debating concerning the same, ordered that Mnjor-general Massey in con- 
 sideration of his good and faithful service, which he hath dune for the kingdom, shall 
 have allowed him the estate of Sir John Winter (who is a delinquent to the Parlia- 
 ment) in the forest of Dean ; all his iron mills, and the woods, timber trees only ex- 
 cepted, not to be felled, with all the profits belonging to them, and ordered, that an or- 
 dinance sliould be brought into the house to this ])urpose." Pe/fcct Occurrences, 
 Sept. 26 to Oct. 3, 1G45. 
 
 " Major-general Massey, ivho J'rum the beginning hath done the state such excel- 
 lent service when he held the Kinu, at (iloucester, and "are the Parliamenfs forces 
 leave to recruite when they were in the lunest condition as ever they were since the 
 war began, hath fur that good service and many others since performed, the estate 
 of Sir John Winter at Lydney, in the forest of Deane, assigned to him." Parlia- 
 menfs Post, N° 21, Sept. 30 to Oct. 7, 16'4",. 
 
 a Letter
 
 114 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Letter from Col. Morgan and others, out of Gloucester : — 
 
 Gloucester,"! — "Sir, — On Saturday the 8th of this instant November, 1645, Colo- 
 
 Stroud,&c. / nel Morgan being returned from the relief of Cannon Froome and other 
 public services in these parts, quartered at Stroud that night, and there staid that night 
 and the Lord's day, and all that night: on Monday the 10th he advanced to Cissiter, 
 where he quartered that night : on Tuesday the 11th, he, with Colonel Blunt advanced 
 towards Malmesbury, who are to make a conjunction with Colonel Morgan against 
 Rediot-house, and Saturday being the 13th they joined not far from Rediot-house, 
 and at a council of war it was resolved, that in case they found that garrison not feasi- 
 ble to take in, then to erect a earrison of our's close bv it to straiten them, and to leave 
 a party of horse there to straiten Farrindon ; also to secure the villages hereabouts 
 from the violence and outrages of the enemy from these two garrisons. 
 Glocester, the \^th of November, 1645." Perfect Occurrences, Nov. 14 — 21, 1645- 
 
 Gloucester. — "A petition was then read in the House from the officers and soldiers 
 of the garrison of Gloucester, setting forth the great arrears due to the officers and sol- 
 diers in that garrison, and the great necessity they are at present reduced unto for want 
 of monies; which petition was referred to a committee, who are likewise to consider 
 of a way to recompense the county of Gloucester for the extraordinary charge they 
 have been at a long time." Perfect Diurnal, Monday, Nov. 17 — 24, 1645. 
 
 " The Gloucester forces under Colonel Morgan employed in reducing Cannon 
 Froom, &c. in Herefordshire." Perfect Passages, Nov. y — 2j, l64.5- 
 
 " Colonel Morgan, Governor of Gloucester, had 1100 horse and foot, and with other 
 aid took Hereford. He marched in one day and night from Gloucester to Hereford." 
 Perfect Diurnal. Dec. 15 — 22, 1645. 
 
 "The House had then likewise debate of settling a godly and able ministry in the 
 city of Hereford, a work pious and necessary : and an ordinance was appointed to be 
 brought in for that purpose. The like care was then taken for the city of Gloucester, 
 and an ordinance twice read and committed for the uniting of several churches in the 
 city of Gloucester into one congregation, and allowed ,^.300 per annum, which is to be 
 paid to the respective ministers out of the revenues of the dean and chapter of that 
 city, and the disposal of them to be in the power of the mayor, aldermen and com- 
 mon council of that city, and the vacant meeting places to be set apart for a library or 
 English school, a magazine for arms and other jniblick uses for the honor of that city." 
 Perfect Diurnal, Dec. 22 — 26, 1645. 
 
 "There was also care for the sending of lf7oo suits, snapsacks, shoes and stockings, 
 unto the common soldiers of the garrison of Gloucester ; they have had so great a hand 
 in the performance of that good service in the taking of Hereford." Perfect Diurnal, 
 Dec. 22—26, 1645. 
 
 Anno 1646. 
 
 Gloucester. — " A letter of Col. Morgan, governor, says. The enemy perceiving 
 that I was marched out of Gloucestershire, made several inroads into Cos-lane (Corse-
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 115 
 
 lawn) and burned some few houses." The Cities f^Feehly Post, N° 11, Feb. 24 to 
 March s, 1645-6. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Westminster, Mai^ch 6, 1645-6. Major-general Massey's businesse 
 to be heard tomorrow; we can never forget his exemplary service for tlie state (remem- 
 ber the condition once of this kingdome) and how Gloucester turned the scene."' 
 Mercnr. Feridic. Feb. 2S to March 7, 1 645-6. 
 
 Gloucester. — " In the House of Commons an ordinance was read charging the sum 
 of ^.6000 upon tlie receipts of excise in course, with interest after the rate of ^.8 
 percent, at every 6 months' end, for the same to be paid to several members of the 
 House of Commons, who are to pay the said sum to the officers of the too regiments 
 of foot in the city of Gloucester, who have performed gallant services, both at home 
 and abroad, and been long without pay." Perfect Diurnal, March 23 — 30, 1646. 
 
 Gloucester. — " A Report was made to the House, that there are 1600 prisoners at 
 Gloucester, desiring to know the pleasure of the House, whether 40O of them might 
 be transported : ordered that it be referred to the committee of Gloucester, and the 
 committee for prisoners, to consider what course to be taken with them." Perfect 
 Occurrences for the fVceh ending April 3, 1646. 
 
 Gloucester. — " The House being informed, tliat there were many prisoners remain- 
 ing in the city of Gloucester, who were a great burthen unto them, they thereupon 
 ordered that the committee of the said city should dispose of the said prisoners." 
 Perfect Diurnal, March SO to April 6, 1646. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Gloucester forces have taken Stapslovv (a garrison of the enemies) 
 with the armes and ammunition, which will be of great advantage to those parts." 
 Mercur. Feridic. July 16 — 23, 1646. 
 
 Gloucester. — " From Gloucester letters tell us, there hath been an assize, and that 13 
 were condemned to be hanged for murder and stealing of horses, but Colonel Morgan 
 writing in the behalf of one who was only accessary to a murder, and usually a civil 
 man and of good repute, he was reprieved, and the other 12 were all hanged." Per- 
 fect Occurrences for the Week ending Aug. 7, 1646. 
 
 Gloucester. — " The House was this day informed that there was a great contention 
 between tl>e forces of Bristol and Gloucester concerning the levying of monies on six 
 hundreds in the county of Gloucester, which is assigned for the payment of the forces 
 of Bristol. The House, for further prevention of blood to be shed in this business, 
 ordered that the said garrisons of Bristol and Gloucester should retreat with peace to 
 their several garrisons, and forbear levying of money on these hundreds, and that this 
 matter of difference should be referred to a committee to compose the difference, if it 
 may be, between the said forces, or else to rejiort the whole business to the house." 
 Perfect Diurnal, Aug. 17 — 24, 1646. 
 
 Anno
 
 116 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Ordered by the Commons, that Gloucester city be continued a 
 garrison, and 600 men kept in it, and no other garrison in that county." Perfect 
 Diurnal, March 1 — 8, 1646-7. 
 
 " Col. Morgan to continue governor of Gloucester." Perfect Diurnal, March 13, 
 1646-7. 
 
 " Mr. Cooke, of Gloucester, his case of sequestration was this day referred from 
 the committee of Lords and Commons for sequestration, who found no cause for se- 
 questrating of the said estate, whereupon it was ordered, that the sequestration should 
 be taken off." Perfect Diurnal, March 13, 1 646-7. 
 
 " The Governor of Gloucester to have 12s. a-day as governor, and %s. a-day as 
 captain." Perfect Diurnal, April 12 — 19, 1647. 
 
 Gloucester. — " Some officers falsely charged with holding a council at Broadway 
 to surprise Gloucester." Perfect Diurnal, Feb. 28 to March 6, 1 647-8. 
 
 The transaction alluded to is thus mentioned in the Perfect Occurrences, from Jan. 
 21 — 28, 1647:— 
 
 " There was a council held at Broadway in Worcestershire the greatest part of last 
 week, by about 80 officers of Colonel Kempson's, Col. Ayre's, Col. Herbert's, and 
 another regiment of foot, and of Col. Cook's regiment of horse. Their debate was upon 
 their descents for the surprizal of Gloucester, it being alledged, there were 300 barrels 
 of powder there, and they knew where to come at it, and that the works being bad, 
 they could easily surprize the town by night. Hartlebury castle they concluded will 
 be delivered them by Lieutenant-col. Turton. If not, they held that easily to be sur- 
 prized too. They had some discourse at Ludlow, Shrewsbury, and Hereford ; and an 
 assurance, that Langborne would join with them, and tliat they could have 2000 cap- 
 men from Bewdley ; and also that the discontented citizens of London would furnish 
 them with present monies. To these debates there were about 20 dissenters ; so that 
 Saturday last they broke up their council. But it is thought that the rest that were at 
 it will meet again, or have met sometime the bcginnins; of this week. 
 
 " / am assured by this gentleman, that the General is acquainted herewith by some 
 of the dissenters. The Governor and the officers are acquainted herewith, and I find 
 nothing but all fair, and well with them ; that being now willing to admit of the Gene- 
 ral's forces is upon the payment of common soldiers there 2 mouths, which weshall pro- 
 vide, although we have scarce ^.300 (now) in out of the assessment. Captain Baytie's 
 horse was forgotten in the establishment ; the commissioners sent up for ^.2000, so 
 that to the end we may have orders for money enough, we shall desire for another 
 order for the issuing out of ^.1000 more out of the assessment. Capt. Baytie's horse 
 hath done good service here, and therefore 1 shall desire that they may have their 
 two months' pay (according to the establishment) but of this we wait for directions 
 from you ; and hope that they shall find your favour. I have sent a messenger away 
 
 to
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 117 
 
 to my brother with the former intelligence, to the intent they may look to Hereford, 
 Shrewsbury, and Ludlow ; the messenger staies for this, so that I must end, resting .... 
 " Gloucester, the igth of Jan. 1647-8. Signed by a person of Note." 
 
 "The House upon debate hereof ordered to refer the business to the committee ot 
 the kingdom at Derby-house, and the letters to be communicated. 
 
 " Sir William Constable's regiment marched into Gloucester on Thursday last, and 
 Colonel Morgan the governor and his officers marched out. There was showed loving 
 respect on both sides, and Colonel Morgan's forces are now quartered about Stow the 
 Old." Perfect Diurnal, Jan. 24 — 31, l6"47-8. 
 
 [In all free countries there will of course be factions, whose success will almost en- 
 tirely depend upon misrule in the government. All that the wisdom of Elizabeth had 
 contrived was destroyed by the folly of James ; and Charles endeavoured to repair the 
 mischief by violent measures, which excited disgust and alarm. This feeling occa- 
 sioned the cruel constructions " placed upon his actions by the parliamentary de- 
 magogues to find a reception : and, in the end, he was artfully compelled to have re- 
 course to arms, as the only means of avoiding disgraceful subjection at least, perhaps 
 deposition and death. As anarchy however cannot be endured, power was necessarily 
 entrusted to the militar}', who, as is usual, retained what they had acquired. Crom- 
 well, being the favourite general, became supreme of course, and from high talents, 
 acting under favourable circumstances, easily preserved his station. The nation how- 
 ever found in the end, that they had forgotten some important points. Governments 
 are not simple abstract things, as projectors suppose. In general, they are immensely 
 complex machines, in the formation of which plain scientifick rules do not form the 
 basis, but the subsidence of various discordant interests in one place. The interests 
 of the nobility, gentry, clergy, commercial persons, the army, navy, and others, are 
 of a various kind; yet, from convenience, like people who croud a street, and know 
 that they cannot proceed on their business if they mob, jostle, or quarrel, they adjust 
 some plan of peaceable travelling. In the same manner government is considered by 
 each as a plan for acconmiodating their several interests, in their various directions ; 
 or else, theoretical perfection is no recommendation. In the Commonwealth all was 
 sacrificed to the single interests of the army alone. I'lie nobility and gentry were de- 
 graded and reduced ; the clergv were ruined ; and the address of the county of 
 Devon mentions " General decay of [foreign] trade since his Majesty's most unfortu- 
 nate abscision "" The death of Cromwell, who merely ruled by military usurpation, 
 was accordingly soon followed by a clamour for a " Free Parliament," the term under 
 which the desire for reviving the ancient constitution was prudently disguised. Offi- 
 cers high in command are taught wisdom and secresy by the necessities of their sta- 
 tion, for error is ruin ; and Monk, who could not have obtained the throne for himself, 
 ambition being the passion of military men, succeeded by masterly policy in bringing 
 
 " See Bates's Elenclius, passim. 
 " MercuTius Publkus, N" 3<2, Aw^. '2—9, IGGO. 
 
 into
 
 118 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 into action the general wish of the nation, and securing his own highest possible ele- 
 vation. A republick promises only to a successful general jealousy and retirement. 
 
 After the murder of the King, a deed truly infamous, because he was always a man 
 of virtue, and latterly contended only for existence, the military consequence of Glou- 
 cester was not an object of regard, and the incidents recorded of it, down to the Re- 
 storation are few. The very able and celebrated Massey, disgusted with the issue of 
 events was in 1648, with several other members, expelled the House for inviting 
 the Scots to invade the kingdom ; but going to resume his seat, he and they were 
 apprehended in their way to the Parliament, and " kept in Hell that night," through 
 the General Council of Officers demanding their trial p. It was the opinion of the 
 famous Admiral William Fitzwilliam, Earl of Southampton, that none fought well but 
 those who did so for a fortune ; and high and just as is Massey's reputation for ability, 
 his claims to principle are much too dubious not to allow a suspicion, that disappoint- 
 ment or offence was at the bottom of his conversion to the Royal cause. Contriving 
 to escape, he joined Prince Charles in Holland ; but the military character being ab- 
 horrent of rest and inaction, he returned, and formed a design of surprizing Glouces- 
 ter, which began and terminated in a manner hereafter related. 
 
 He was succeeded upon going to take his command in the west, by Colonel Tho- 
 mas Moro-an, who was in his turn followed as Governor of Gloucester by Sir William 
 
 Constable. 
 
 It was only after the death of Cromwell, and the accession of his son Richard to the 
 Protectorate, that Massey formed his design of surprizing Gloucester, which, says 
 Archdeacon Furney, coming to the knowledge of the Corporation, the keys of the 
 city were ordered to be delivered out of the possession of Captain Hill to the mayor. 
 Of these events, and such as ensued, down to the Restoration, the following is a diary 
 from the newspapers of the day.] 
 
 From the Year 1658-9 to 1664. 
 
 " Members for the City, — Parliament 165S-9 : — 
 
 " .James Stephens, Esq. Alderman. 
 
 " Laurence Singleton, Esq. Alderman." Puhl'ick IiiteU'igencer, Jan. 24— 3 1, 1659- 
 
 [It is to be observed that the pretended Parliament was fully aware of its hazardous 
 situation, and took all precautionary measures, to which the paragraphs now com- 
 mencino- allude. Had it not been for Monk's influence with the army, the measures 
 would have succeeded.] 
 
 " Order is taken about the preservation of the peace in the forest of Dean, and for 
 preservation of the woods there." Publick Lifelligoicer, July 9, 1^59. 
 
 "July 21. The Committee for the forest of Dean is revived." Publick Intelli- 
 gencer, Julif 2\, l6^(). 
 
 '« To secure the peace the principal cavaliers are taken into custody in most counties. 
 In Gloucestershire Mr. How is secured, as also Sir Hugh Middleton, who went lately 
 from London ; and inquiry being made at his house, it was found that he had carried 
 P Declaration from the Journals, Dec. 6 — 13, 1648. 
 
 down
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. llfl 
 
 down six pair of pistols and holsters, a suit of arms, and six saddles, for service." 
 Publick Intelligencer-, July 27, 1659. 
 
 A general insurrection in behalf of Charles II. being intended, the Publick Intelli- 
 gencer of t/«/j/ 31, 1659, says, " Massey is in Glostershire with intent to head another 
 party." Another paper under Aug. 1, adds, " It was further assured, that Massey was 
 in the county of Glocester, to make and head a party, but withall, that the city of 
 Gloucester out of their good aflection had put themselves into a posture to secure their 
 city against the attempts of all rebels to the peace and government of the Common- 
 wealth." 
 
 " Aug. 3. An account was brought concerning Massey, who being in Gloucester- 
 shire, a troop of our horse having notice of tlie place 1 where he was, went and appre- 
 hended him. This was done in the night of the last Lord's day ; and mounting .Massey 
 upon a horse, they for the better securing of him set a trooper up behind him ; but as 
 they passed dovvne a hill [Nvmphsfield Hill] nere tlie side of a wood [the Buckholt 
 Wood,] it being very dark, and an extream windy night, the horse stumbled and fell, 
 and brought them both to the ground ; whereupon Massy getting nimbly upon his 
 legs took the opj)ortunity to slip into the wood, and there, notwithstanding all their 
 endeavour to catch him again, he by the benefit of the night, made a shift to get away '. 
 This is at least the fourth escape that he hath strangely made." Mercurius Politicus, 
 .lull/ 28 to Aug. 4, 1639, N" 581. 
 
 The Publick Intelligencer of' Aug. 1 to S says, "We had several confirmations of 
 the manner of Massey's escape, but no news which way he is gone. His man is in 
 custody, and his papers are brought up, among which, one is a declaration of hisowne, 
 ivith his name to it, made up of the like stuff with that of Sir George Booth's, to 
 draw men into the snare; but he was happily prevented in those places where he 
 supposed he might have found an interest. But as it was but little there, so he hath 
 less in any other part of the Nation." [This plot is explained further on.] 
 
 Gloucester. — Aug. 8. " There was a most horrid and bloody designe set on foote in 
 this city, as intending there to have murthered al one time all the independents and ana- 
 baptists, and others whom they call sectaries ; and the better to effect this most damna- 
 ble plot, there was a list secretly taken of the names of all the independents and ana- 
 baptists in the city, and the time appointed for the execution of this bloody action, 
 and such as should be the executioners had their places and persons appointed whom 
 to massacre in this manner. But it pleased God that the very day before the night 
 came, in which this work of darkness should have been done, some of those vile 
 wretches fell out among themselves; whereujjon the thing was discovered by some ot 
 themselves, and many innocent persons preserved from the hands of cruel murderers." 
 Mercurius Politicus, Aug. 4 /o 1 1, l6'59. 
 
 [It is the strongest recommendation of rational piety, that fanaticism urges not 
 only persecution but assassination. The Irish and French massacres of Protestaiits 
 
 Q A small house near Simons-hall. — Furney. 
 ' The troopers were made drunk before his departure. — Furney. 
 
 prove
 
 120 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 prove this ; and the following ' Proceedings at the Assizes Jor the County of Gloces- 
 ter, holden the 27 of July 1659, Baron Hill sitting upon Life and Death,' show that 
 even in this age of pretended godliness the fair sex dabbled in blood with more fre- 
 quency than now, and that other vices were no less common.] 
 
 '■'Ann Boston, widdow, three of her daughters, two of her sons, two of her sons-in- 
 law, condemned for several burglaries, they being eight of the same family. 
 
 " Richard Parker, a notorious thief, which having been many times and in many 
 places heretofore imprisoned, and now condemned for a burglary. 
 
 "John Morgan, heretofore a notorious thief, condemned for oxen, horses, &c. 
 "Lucy Kendrich, condemned for killing her bastard child. 
 "Fortune Porch, condemned for killing her bastard child. 
 " Walter JVolf, Nathaniel Davis, John Price, for burglary, condemned. 
 " John Averice, condemned for horse-stealing. [Several advertisements show that 
 this was the most common crime in vogue, and that horses were often stolen by means 
 of knocking off the riders. Probably the immense requisitions of these animals in the 
 civil war had occasioned a great scarcity of them.] 
 " In the whole, sixteen condemned. 
 " Ann fVilson, acquitted for killing her bastard child. 
 " Ann Floyd, acquitted for killing her dame. 
 " Seventeen for great offences, burnt in the hand. 
 " Eight to be whip'd. 
 
 " Several others acquitted for petty crimes. 
 
 " This is the true relation of what was done at the Assizes at Gloucester ; the Judges 
 were afraid to go to Monmouth, but they adventured to go to Hereford on Wednesday 
 last." Ibid. 
 
 [Thus we see how little effect had been operated upon morals by the criminations 
 and cant of the godly Republicans, even in crimes unconnected with the civil war, as 
 infanticide, &c. And how little also had been done in police by the Reformers appears 
 from the following paragraphs :] 
 
 "A letter from the Lord Chief Baron Wilde and Mr. Serjeant Hill, the Judges of 
 Assize from Glocester, dated Aug. a, was read." 
 
 " It is ordered, that a Commission for the said Judges to keep an Assize at Mon- 
 moutli be forthwith prepared and sealed.'' 
 
 " It is left to the Judges of Assize to proceed or forbear to go with the Assizes for the 
 rest of the counties they are designed unto, as they finde it safe and secure." 
 
 " The letters from the said Judges at (ilocester is referred to the Council of State." 
 Ibid. 
 
 The commissioner for the militia appointed by Parliament was 
 " Col. Okey for Glocester, Bristol, and county of the city of Glocester, and Wilts." 
 Ibid. 
 
 Aug. 5. " By a gentleman that came this evening out of Cheshire a relation was 
 brought of the proceedings of the rebels in those parts of England; that Sir George 
 
 Booth
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. I2i 
 
 Booth commands in chief over them with the title of lieutenant-general; and this 
 command, it was said, that he should retaine till the comming of Massey, who, 
 they expected, would be able to bring them great forces ; and accordingly they pub- 
 lished every where, to encourage the people to come in to them, that Massey had 
 8,000 men, with which he had defeated the Parliament's forces, and was marchino- 
 with all speed to joyn the insurgents at Chester." Ihid. [This explains the plot of 
 Massey before-mentioned.] 
 
 Gloucester. — " Pf'estminster, Thursd. Aug. 12, 1659. The House this day approved 
 of the officers of the forces raised by the commissioners for the militia for the city and 
 county of the city of Gloucester." Mercuiius Politicus, Ao. 583. 
 From Glocester, Aug. 15, 1659. (To the Speaker). 
 " Sir, 
 
 " There was a late passage printed as matter of news at London, pretending that there 
 was a most horrid and bloody design on foot here, for murtiiering those they call inde- 
 pendents, anabaptists, and others in this city ; and that a list of their names was taken 
 to this purpose,^ but that the matter was strangely discovered by the actors falling out 
 among themselves. This we look on, as a black aspersion cast upon this our faithful 
 city from some malignant pen, which we have reason deeply to resent, it being a most 
 false report, and are assured none can justify the same. 
 
 Robert Ti/ther, Maior, 
 IVillwm Singleton, 
 James Stephens." 
 Publick Intelligencer, No. \Q0, Aug. 15 — 22, iGSfl. 
 
 "A regiment belonging to Sir Brice Cockram was transported to Dunkirk, under a 
 new Colonel, because Sir Brice plaid Rex at Glocester." Publick Intelligencer, 
 N" 214, Jan. 30 to Feb. 6, 166O-I. 
 
 Gloucester. — '■^ Mar. 5, 1659. The House agreed upon the militia for the countv, 
 and city and county of the city of Gloucester." Mercurius Politicus, N" 6 10, Mar. 
 1—8, 166'0-1. 
 
 " The members elected for the city in \660 were — Major-general Massey and Mr. 
 Stevens." Publick Intelligencer, N°22r), April 2 — 9. 
 
 " The officers of the militia approved by the Council of State April 5, 1660, were — 
 For a regiment of foot in the city of Gloucester, Thomas Jordan, Col.; William 
 Selwin, Lieut. Col. ; Henry Guise, Major ; James Stevens, Ihomas Pierce, John 
 Madocks, Captains." Mercurius Politicus, N" 615. 
 
 Gloucester. — Swell, Lower. — "There have been several meetings of sundry disaf- 
 fected persons at Captain John Croft's, of Neather-swell ; whereupon the said captain 
 and several other suspected people are apprehended." Mercurius Publicus, N° 1 7, 
 April 19 — 26, 16'6'0. 
 
 Gloucester. — " April 28. Several persons in this county have been secured for 
 agitating who have spoken unhandsome words of his Excellency [Monck], much in 
 favour to Lambert's faction. The five companies of Col. Twisleton's regiment that lie 
 
 R in
 
 W2 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 in these parts are very utianimous to serve his Excellency to the last drop of blood, as 
 they have cheerfully expressed in this time of defection. The militia forces of this 
 county have brought in five troopers, viz, John Hill, John Snell, Edward Robinson, 
 and James Earje, who say, that they were repairing to their own habitations, being 
 dismissed out of Capt. Noel Holder's troop, because they refused to make the declara- 
 tion and acknowledgment required of them, upon which account they would have taken' 
 their arms from them ; they are delivered here, as suspicious persons, till further order,' 
 Mercurlus Puhlicus, N° l8, April 26 to May 3, 1660. 
 
 Gloucester. — "At Glocester the Major ordered 10 drums to be beaten, to give no- 
 tice to the country, that his Majesty [Ch. H.] would be proclaimed there on Tuesday 
 the 15, that the country might come in to shew their affections." Mercurius Puhli- 
 cus, N" 20, May 10—17, l^^O- 
 
 May 16,1660. — "Resolved (in the Commons' House) that Major General Massey 
 shall have the debt due to him with interest." Mercur. Public. May 10 — 17, 1660. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Upon Mr. Mayor's summons the Common Council appeared in 
 scarlet at eight of the clock in the morning at the Tolsey, as also all masters of compa- 
 nies with the streamers, and all officers belonging to the city; from whence they 
 went to the Colledge, where Mr. Bartholomew of Campden preached before them ' ; 
 thence they went to dinner, and after dinner to the Tolsey again in their gowns ; 
 from whence the mayor, common council, and the two sheriffs with white staves, ac- 
 companied with several gentlemen of quality, went to a stage erected at the North end 
 of the Wheat-market. Upon the stage was a chair placed for Mr. Mayor, with the king's 
 arms over his head; and six fair gentlewomen, each of them holding a garland in their 
 hands. Some pause being made, a regiment of foot, three troops of horse, and the 
 army foot, came as neer to the place as the crowd of the people would permit them. 
 The younger sheriff read, and the other sheriff proclaimed his Majesty ; after 
 which followed the acclamations of the people, in sounding of trumpets, beating of 
 drums, firing of guns, &c. All the three conduits ran with wine for many hours. 
 At night there was a line from the Tolsey to the South end of the Wheat-market, upon 
 which were variety of fire-works." Mercur. Public. N° 20, May JO — 17, 1660. 
 
 "Maj. Gen. Sir Edw. Massey is now colonel of that regiment that was lately Col. 
 Geo. Twisleton's." Parliamentary Intelligencer, July 9 — 16, 1660. 
 
 Gloucester. — "Tuesday, Oct. Q, 1660. Col. Massey's regiment of foot was that 
 day ordered to be disbanded at Glocester and Bristol, in which, through mistake of 
 the quarter-master, there hath been a little delay, as to two or three companies, the 
 rest being disbanded." Parliamentary Intelligencer, N° 42, Oct. 8 — 15, 1660. 
 
 " In our former intelligence we acquainted you that the county of Glocester had ad- 
 vanced but .^.77 on the Poll-bill ; but since that time we are advertised that the 
 
 s Among the publications oa the Restoration of Royalty appeared " The strong Man ejected by a stronger 
 then he, in a SeiTOon preached at Gloucester the 15th of May 1660, being the Day his Royal Majesty King 
 I'HARLES the Second was proclaimed." Parliamentary Intelligencer, No 34, ^ug. 13—30, 1660. 
 
 receiver
 
 GENERAL HISTORY. 1^2.3 
 
 receiver of that county hath paid several assignations, in order to the disbanding of 
 forces in those parts, amounting to the sum of ^.5854. 4*. 3^" Parliamentary hitel- 
 ligencer, N° 4f), Nov. f, — 12, 1660. 
 
 "The Members elected for (iiocester City in the ParHament of lG6\ were. Sir 
 Edward Massey, Knight; Evan Seys, Serjeant at Law." The Kingdomes Intelli- 
 gencer, N° 14, Apr. 1—8, \G6\. 
 
 Gloucester. — " JFestmhist. Jan. 2J. A Bill for dividing the Two Hundreds of 
 Dudston and King's Barton from the City of Gloucester, having been formerly twice 
 read, and committed, and now engrossed, was this day passed in the House of Com- 
 mons." Mercur. PubUcus, N" 4, Jan. 23 — 30, lC6'l-2. 
 
 " Gl.ocester, Decemb. 21, l66'4. — Here was this day chosen hn'ight of our shire Sir 
 BaynJiam Throckmorton, in the place of his father deceas'd, to the general satisfac- 
 tion of our country : which, let me tell you, is no small matter, considering the divi- 
 sions we have formerly had among us. There was no opposition at all in the case. 
 Our Noble Lord Lieutenant only declaring himself for the worthy Person now chosen, 
 and the whole Company resting withall satisfied that they could not make a better 
 choyce. So that you may see the ivorld is well alter'd with us since the beginning of 
 the late war. You may be confident that upon occasion to serve his Majesty, this 
 Country will be found as ready, and in as good order to do their duties, as any other." 
 The Newes, N" 100, Dec. -22, 1664. 
 
 In l6Sf) King James H. made a progress to Gloucester, "about two miles from 
 which the Bishop [Frampton], attended by many of the Clergy, waited for him, and 
 upon his approach drew near, in his own and Clergy's name, to gratulate his coming 
 into that his city ; but before he could do more then pay his respects, the King, without 
 hearing him, says, " My Lord, it will be better for you to withdraw to your Clergy ;" 
 and so rode on for Gloster, where indeed he shewed him more respect by giving him 
 free admission to his presence, but mortified him at the same time, by appointing Fa- 
 ther Warner, as he was called, to say grace, which the good Bishop would not hear, 
 and so withdrew'." The chamber over the Sheriff's Court was made into a chapel, 
 where the King attended divine service according to the Romish Church, sitting upon 
 a throne erected for him at the expence of the city. The King lodged at the Deanery, 
 and is said to have touched for the Evil ; a practice affirmed to have originated with 
 Edward the Confessor, but it is an old superstition derived from Egypt ". Charles 
 the Second used to decline it in hot weather, as then " neither safe nor fit"," and was 
 teazed by patients coming twice, on account of the pecuniary accompaniments. 
 
 On July -24, 1788, King George HL Queen Charlotte, and four of the Prin- 
 cesses, visited Bishop Hallifax at the Palace, and received, first, the Dean, Chapter, 
 and Clergy in the vicinity, then the Mayor and Corporation, attended by the Town 
 Clerk, who addressed his Majesty in the name of the Body. After these ceremonies 
 
 * Life of Bishop Fiaui])ion, MS. p. 154, penes Wr. Counsel. 
 
 " Sucton. Vespas. c. vii. cum Not. Delphin. p. 514, not. (>») (o (m). 
 
 » Kingdom's Intelligencer, N" 18. y Ibid. N" . . . 
 
 the
 
 J24 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 the Royal Party visited the pin manufactory of Mess. Weaver and Co., the infirmary, 
 and the county gaol then building. On July 27 their Majesties attended divine ser- 
 vice at the cathedral ; and on the -2gtb honoured G. A. Selwyn, Esq. with a visit at 
 Matson. Thus Rudge, who, speaking of the Address of the Clergy, says, " Every one 
 was presented individually to the King first, and afterwards to the Queen ; and it 
 was remarkable that his Majesty had some observations to make to each, applicable 
 to his situation or connections." It has been remarked in high life, that his Majesty 
 rarely forgot the names or persons of those who had been once presented to him ; and 
 many amusing anecdotes are related of the King's good-natured mode of expressing his 
 knowledge of the private history of persons, who never thought of being honoured with 
 the attention of Royalty. 
 
 October 5, 1 S07. — The Prince of Wales graciously accepted the freedom of the 
 city, and honoured the Corporation with his royal company to dinner. 
 
 On August 6, 1816, his Grace the Duke of Wellington was pleased to accept the 
 freedom of the city in a superb oak-box, lined with gold, and dine with the Corpora- 
 tion. His Grace very condescendingly shook hands with the populace, who pressed 
 upon him in crowds, with their rude but honest English homage; and with some 
 difficulty he prevailed upon them not to take the horses from his carriage. His Grace, 
 when he was called upon after dinner for a toast, gave " Blue her ;" a simple incident 
 to record, were it not connected, in the philosophical mind, with a world of ideas 
 relating to the history of the times, and strongly indicative of the deep habitual reflec- 
 tion of a real general, and the laconic apothegms of a great man. 
 
 ANCIENT GLOUCESTER. 
 
 THE Ancient City appears, as a fortified town, to have undergone three succes- 
 sive alterations in external form ; works of no difficulty, for artificers were anciently 
 impressed by thousands, under military discipline,', to effect a work by a given time : 
 
 I. The foundation of the Colony, in or about the time of Claudius; of which the 
 existing line is still retained, from the South, Eastward along Constitution Walk and 
 King Street, and down St. Aldate's Street. However extraordinary it may seem, the 
 whole Station was probably not the work of an hour; for ten feet were given to a hun- 
 dred men ; and the Nervil, with their swords only, in less than three hours, raised 
 a vallum 11 feet high, and a foss 15 feet deep, of 15 miles in circumference^. But 
 the Gaulish sword was the Highland claymore, not the Roman of 18 inches. 
 
 * Hygin. 119—121.
 
 ANCIENT GLOUCESTER. 125 
 
 II. The addition of an Arx, or Citadel, after the departure of the Romans, by the 
 Britons, the site of which was retained by the Normans, under the name and use of 
 The Barbican ; for the existence of such a fortress is beyond dispute, because Ethel- 
 werd, who hved before the Conquest, mentions an Arx Gloucestrioe, or Citadel of 
 Gloucester; and the Abbey Registers speak of the Old Castle; which terms were 
 clearly not used without foundation. All beyond must of course rest upon presumptive 
 grounds. 
 
 When the first sheets of this work were printed, the Barbican was not then in pro- 
 cess of removal, and the author conceived it merely to be one of those mounts not 
 unusual in Norman castles, and in this instance, as in many others, formed by the 
 earth taken out of the ditch. It was also supposed that the Old Castle might imply 
 the King's Hall, or the Palace at Kingsholm ; but now there is some evidence obtained 
 of a more satisfactory kind. Passing by such subjects as Acrnpoles and Capitols, which 
 do not precisely apply in the present case, the use of little hillocks of this kind among 
 the classical ancients is not so clear. First, as to the Greeks. The Western part of 
 the walls of Agrigentum is of an irregular form, and follows the windings of the river. 
 With this part of the walls rose a little hillock called La Meta, supposed to have been 
 used from gymnastic games having been there celebrated''. In the Station Isurium, 
 or Aldborough, just by the Praetorium, rises an artificial hillock called Borough Hill, 
 where the inhabitants used to assemble for publick business ''; and it is certain that 
 the Tinwald in the Isle of Man, a terrassed hillock, was a court of judicature, of pure 
 Celtick character, the king, as in the British fortresses, occupying the summit, and 
 the other parties the shelves of the terrace, according to rank, the inferior being 
 lowest <^. Of such hillocks in Roman camps nothing more is known to the author 
 than the occurrence of them, under the general appropriation of Watch-Towers ''. The 
 following interesting anecdote, connected with the battle which ended the liberty of 
 Rome, may jjoint out one Roman use made of such a hillock. Florus (after insinu- 
 ating, by the way, that the famous ghost of Philippi, the evil genius of Brutus, was 
 only an African negro, purposely sent for a bad omen) says (in literal translation) that 
 the battle was even, and each party's camp taken by the adversary. Cassius, after 
 his own wing was routed, when the camp of Caesar having been taken he saw the horse 
 coming on full speed, thinking to fly, escaped to the hillock (ad tumulum) ; from 
 thence the dust and noise and night approaching, taking away perception of the 
 state of the field, and a speculator (or aid-de-cujup) sent for the purpose not return- 
 ing in time, he offered his head to one of the nearest to be carried off*." Thus a tu- 
 mulus was used by the general for reconnoissance; but at Gloucester there is no reason 
 
 a Denon's Sicily, p. 223. 
 
 l* History of Knaiesborough, p. 315. This Station e.xactly resembles tilouccster in form. 
 
 ' See Grose. So Trer Caeri and other British Castles. See Rees, v. Castle. 
 
 ^ The use of elevated spots for reconnoissance is distinctly marked by Virgil, who calls them specula. 
 Vid. Eel. VIII. 59, ^En. iii. 239, iv. 586, vii. 511, x. 4.54, xi. 526. Spcculatur e lumulo occwn IEn.\\. Sb^. 
 Specula as a watch-tower, Mn. xi. 877. 
 
 « L. jv. c. 6. Histor. August. Scriptor. torn. I. p. 421, ed. Sylburg. 
 
 to
 
 126 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 to think that the Barbican Hill formed part of the original Station, because it contained 
 coins of far subsequent date. " The firm and lofty work (says Mr. Counsel '^) men- 
 tioned by Corbett could not be an earthwork thrown up in front of the wall ; perhaps 
 it might be Barbican Hill, which certainly commanded the high ground in the 
 suburbs; and Dorney says that cannon was placed on it during the siege. It is now 
 being removed. The workmen have found several Roman coins; one of them, a Va- 
 Icns, is in my possession." The sera of Valens is only a very few years before the final 
 evacuation of Britain by the Romans, when it is known that they recommended secu- 
 rity to be sought by fortresses?; and the situation certainly accords with those Roman 
 plans which the Britons followed. "A citadel (says an author who admirably con- 
 denses all the Roman plans) shall be neither within the city nor without the city; 
 it should rather be behind the city, on every side, and most excellently fortified *•, It 
 should be the top of all the works, and the knot of the city. It should be threatening, 
 steep, rugged, invincible, better small than large, because safer; for in the former 
 case we shall want only the fidelity of a few ; in the latter, the assistance of many." ' 
 Formerly the Barbican Hill was much larger than now, as appears by Kip's plan, 
 taken before 1712, and commanded a very extensive view. That such hillocks were 
 also of a Celtick character is plain. Circular forts, supposed to have been used for 
 watch-towers, are seen from Dunkeld to Glenorchy in Scotland, a course of seventy 
 miles. British keeps were also erected upon such hillocks, as will hereafter appear. 
 That it was the .7/m' Gloiiccstricv of Ethelwerd appears probable from its conformity 
 to Anglo-Saxon forts, and it.s having icater running at f he foot of it. The forts 
 built by Elfleda, Ladv of the Mercians, are of similar character; and Alfred's cele- 
 brated fort in the Isle of Athelney (which the author has personally surveyed) is an 
 artificial hill, cut into terraces, with a river beneath ; for unless water was near, it wa? 
 not deemed tenable). We have moreover written presumptive evidence, from the 
 Abbey Registers, of its situation here, because the alienations in fee of St. Peter's Abbey 
 in Castle Street and at the Old Castle occur together''. Lanceston and other keeps in 
 Cornwall, allowed to be British (because the English did not settle in that county till 
 long after the Conquest, and ]\Ir. King observes, from Lanceston keep, that structures 
 exist in this island unlike anything Roman, Saxon, or Danish'), stand upon such hil- 
 
 f Letter to tlie autlior. S VV. Malmesb. c. i. p. 1. 
 
 '> He is sjieakiiig lieie of the Greek and Roman favourite situations for cities, plains commanded by 
 high ground beliind, wheie stood tiie Acropolis, Capitol, or C!itadel. Gloucester has no such ground behind. 
 
 I " Neque intra urbem erit arx, neque adeo extra urbeni. Quod si quis arcem volet brevissimfe describere, 
 fortassis non errabit si earn dixerit postremam esse urbis omni ex parte egregife munitissimam ; sed sit ea 
 quidem uti volunt npeium suprennis vertex et urbis nodus ; minax, aspera rigidaque sit oporlet ; pervicax, 
 iuvicta, pusilla quam anipla erit tutior ; nam hie paucorura fide, illic multorum officio indigebimus." Alberli 
 de Re Edilicat. fol. Ixiiii. Gloucester having no natural elevation for such a fortress, the site was of course 
 artificial. 
 
 j .^sser Menevensis, in Camdeni Scriptores, p. 10. 
 
 I' The items are, " To Hugh Gvvynn, lands in Castle Street ; to Philip Clothier, lands at the Old Castle; 
 to Will. Baillie, at the Old Castle." MSS. Prinn. ' Munim. Antiq. ii. 10. 
 
 locks ;
 
 ANCIENT GLOUCESTER. 127 
 
 locks ; as do some, presumed to be Anglo-Saxon ; but they only appear occasionally, 
 in accompaniment with Norman castles. It may therefore be inferred that such castles 
 often occupy the site of preceding British keeps, used by the Anglo-Saxons. Dunjo, 
 whence Dungeon, signifies a small rastle, built in dunum, or a mount ; and Eadmer 
 says, " In the town the king has a certain castle, but above the castle a dungeon" 
 [t. e. keep on a mount]. Ducange thinks that the termination don or dun, so common 
 in the names of places, was derived from such fortified hillocks"'. 
 
 III. That the line of the Roman Station did not extend Southward beyond the Grey 
 Friers is plain ; because the South arm of the Cross is there the same length as that of 
 the North ; and the vacant spots of Mary-bone Park and Bare-land indicate Pomeria, 
 or Suburbs, for the residence, among other purposes, of strangers ; to which might 
 be owing the extra-parochiality of the Castle, as to its first origin. Of course, accord- 
 ing to the uniformity usually observed by the Romans, the wall of the Station extended 
 from thence on the South side, within the Black Friers, in a line to the Castle Garden, 
 whence it turned to the North. William the Conqueror " is said, however, to have 
 newly fortified the town, and built a strong wall on the South and North-east sides, as 
 well as to have added gates. It was then probably that the South Gate was placed 
 further in the country, and that the late wall and ditch were formed, the materials of 
 the Station-wall being newly worked up. All these presumptions will appear plainer 
 by the annexed Diagram. 
 
 Every liberal construction is due to this Diagram; for it is merely a rough sketch 
 by the author, formed in illustration only ; and as the fortifications may be seen in 
 perfection in Hall and Pinnel's admirable Plan, they are only given here because im- 
 merged in obscurity, through the dark shades of that chart. 
 
 It proves, however, one thing, that no garrison so small as that of Gloucester could 
 have defended such enormous lines if they had been battered in breach, in feint, and 
 troops advanced in storm, and scaled elsewhere, while the attention of the garrison 
 was directed to the breach. But the soldiers of Charles would not stand. It was 
 bribery, acting against that natural hostility to their superiors, which interest only can 
 overcome in the lower orders: besides, they were mostly pressed men. 
 
 For the purpose of insuring the correctness of this diagram, the author laid it be- 
 fore Mr. Counsel, and received from him the following valuable illustrations of it : — 
 
 " The county-gaol stands on the site of the old castle. Before the present building 
 was erected the town-ditch extended from the south-gate to an arm of the river Severn, 
 which surrounded a small island called the Naight or Eight. The island was in front 
 of the castle; the arm of the river was filled up at the time the bason of the Berkeley 
 Canal was made, and the island now forms that part of the land which is between 
 the bason and the river. A great jjart of the line of the ditch, which is converted into 
 gardens, may now be seen ; and was considerably to the South of the castle. The 
 river extended from the Naight to the West-gate ; consequently there could be no oc- 
 
 '" V. Dunjo. n Furney, from the City Papeis. 
 
 casion
 
 128 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 casion for a ditch, although there might have been a wall between the castle and the 
 workhouse, [the line of the station]. 
 
 " The remains of the South gate, which include apart of the wall, are still visible, 
 as well as the continuation of the wall and ditch from thence by the Grey Friars to the 
 East-gate. The walk called Constitution-walk, as well as part of the bowling-green, 
 are n})on the wall, and the low garden in front of it, called the Langet, are the remains 
 of the ditch. The South-gate has been taken down within my remembrance ; it 
 stood near the City-prison, and adjoining to the Alms-house, founded by Sir Thomas 
 Bell .... I apprehend there was no wall which ran outside of the castle to within the 
 city-gaol, except the town-wall, mentioned by Corbett. Your plan of the city appears 
 to be correct." 
 
 The only important difficulty on the subject was, whether the late wall did not fol- 
 low the line of the Roman wall, by the south-wall of the Cript Church-yard, in manner 
 
 thus: — 
 
 East 
 
 P3 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 a 
 
 ~> 
 
 S. Gate 
 
 o 
 
 Naight 
 
 If so, it must have gone from thence ohliqnely to the Naight ; but every -plan, with- 
 out exception, exhibits the line, round the coi-ner from the South-gate to the East- 
 gate, i. e. from the City-prison by the Green Dragon Inn. Of course, the Norman 
 wall was carried round the south-east corner, and joined on to the Roman ; and such a 
 junction appears by a break of the mound in Kip's Plan, south of the Langet. From 
 this coincidence ofthe charts, the line of the Norman wall is formed in the diagram. 
 
 It is said, that the walls are mentioned in Merlin's Prophecies ; and it is certain, that 
 Ciildas describes the walls of British cities as towered and embattled ; but these walls 
 could have no further tokens of their mode of fortification, which was to encompass 
 a hill with stone-hoops, and place a commanding tower for the prince at top°. As to 
 the assertion, that Cissa, king of the South-Saxons, walled this town, notwithstand- 
 ing such a statement may appear in ancient documents it must he erroneous; for 
 Gloucester remained in the possession of the Britons till the fatal battle of Dirham or 
 Bath, in 577, and the aera of Cissa was a whole century earlier?. He was contempo- 
 rary with Hengist, and the account is a mere confusion with hypothetical presump- 
 tions concerning Chichester and Cissbury. That the Eastern and North-eastern part 
 of these ancient walls belonged, in foundation at least, to the station, can scarcely be 
 doubted. The town walls of the middle ages, as remaining at Winchester, Chepstow, 
 
 Thus Dinas Emrys, Trer Caeri, &c. P Chron. Saxon, p. 14, 15. 
 
 Oxford
 
 ANCIENT GLOUCESTER. 129 
 
 Oxford (in New College Garden), and other places, are simply high walls embattled 
 with demi-bastions, and a ledge about a yard wide, just below the battlements, running 
 round the whole. Without, is a foss ; within, plain natural ground, not a raised ter- 
 race 1. But the breadth of the East line of wall at Gloucester (King and Oueen Street) 
 has more of a Roman character than of any other age, for Corbett says " it was lined 
 with earth." The Romans had an inner and an outer wall ; the former to over[)ower 
 the citizens, the latter the external enemy. Cross-walls and towers, /. e. towers stand- 
 ing on the ivalls, not projecting, were placed between the two, separating them into 
 spaces, in order that if any part had been destroyed by the engines, or occupied by the 
 enemy, their possession might extend no further than the interval between the cross- 
 walls or towers, from which they might be assailed by missiles. A small archway 
 ran through these cross-walls or towers for the convenience of thoroughfare, and the 
 terrace between was wide enough for the soldiers to pass without confusion. Such is 
 the form of the walls at Cnidus and Pompeii ■■, which coincide precisely with the 
 'ancient descriptions ^ Add to this that the walls of London, Verulam, and those of 
 Caervvent (which the author has examined) were terraces faced vvitli stone or brick, on 
 both sides, not simple walls ; though more narrow, where internal enemies were not 
 to be feared. That the Britons, who derived the custom of ivalled touns from the 
 Romans, afterwards kept them up, is plain from the account of Gildas; and it is also 
 clear, that the Roman outline of them was preserved (except on the South) from there 
 being no walls, according to the Virgilian description already quoted, where the river 
 and marshy ground formed a defence. Indeed, British towns were, according to Fordun, 
 fortified with stone-walls and a ditch in the time of Claudius*, which must mean 
 Roman additions, and is strongly corroborative of that origin of Gloucester, where the 
 defence of British towns, described by C?esar, viz. woods and marshes, sufficiently 
 abounded. It is still more certain, that attention to walling towns was peculiarly im- 
 pressed upon the decline of the empire, especially among the Britons, who were directed 
 to build a wall where there ivas not a fortification of tvater'^. This ancient Roman 
 custom sufficiently explains the want of wall upon the side of the Severn and the 
 marshes. When Wulpher repaired the city, the walls were not probably neglected ; 
 at least it is certain, that in the time of Alfred cities were strongly walled and towered 
 to defend them from the Danes ". As towns without walls were not deemed safe places 
 for the lodging of an armyy, it is not singular that William the Conqueror, besides 
 instigating the erection of the Castle, should fortify the North-cast and South sides with 
 a strong embattled wall and gates >=. Kings, nobles, and all their followers, were ex- 
 
 1 It is not affirmed, tliat such a terrace does not occur in tlie walls of the middle age, for it does at 
 Southampton and elsewhere ; only that it was not universal, as among the Romans, and foimed tlie load 
 
 between the double wall. ■" ( larke's Trav. iii. '27G. Gell. PI. 16. 
 
 s Alberti de re Eililicatoria, fol. liii. Ixx. * XV. Scriptor. 60'Z. 
 
 " Indicentes Britannis, ut sujier vallum Scteri murum constituerent, quatenus ubi munilio aqua; deeral 
 ]ir;esidium valli adesset. Script, j). Bed. f. 1/7. a. » Ingulph, in Id. p. 495 b. 
 
 .V Id. -I'il b. ^ Furney. 
 
 s pec ted
 
 130 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 pected personally to work at the reparation of walls in times of danger ". The Roman 
 Equites did the same ''. In the murage of London, in the fifteenth century, the difierent 
 trading companies took each a share of the expence'^. Several writs of murage were issued 
 during the reigns of the third Henry and the two first Edwards'". In that of the third 
 Edward a well-fortified town had a castle and keep, a towered-wall, and double ditch « ; 
 and in this aera Thomas de Bradston, constable of the castle, who died in 1360, was 
 the "special meanes for wallinge of Gloucester town."f The tolls or fee-farm-rent 
 were then and subsequently applied to murage ; and in the sixteenth century the walls 
 are noted by Leland to be strong, and so continued till the demolition of them in 
 1662, with castles and other fortifications, on account of the mischief experienced 
 from them during the civil war. The mode of defending towns under a siege or attack 
 was powerful. Chains and beams were drawn across the streets. Empty casks were 
 rolled along the pavements to frighten the horses, if any cavalry had entered. Heavy 
 stones were thrown from the walls ; and the entrances secured by locks and bars, to 
 prevent the ingress of any persons, especially horsemen s. 
 
 Before 1377 elms and ashes were growing in the town-ditch by the wall of the Friers 
 Preachers, and then cut down ^. 
 
 Gates. At the end of bridges there were guard-houses for soldiers'. Of these gates 
 the chief was the 
 
 fJest-Gafe, handsomely rebuilt in the reign of Henry VIII. It was assigned to 
 the porter of the senior sherifi^, and pulled down to make way for the New Bridge, 
 about 1809. See the Plate. 
 
 East-Gate, in ancient deeds called the Neiv East-Gate, was used as a school in 1262, 
 and afterwards as a house of correction. 
 
 The North-Gate was used for the city-prison, before the new city-gaol was erected 
 in 17S6. The gaoler's house adjoined. 
 
 South-Gate fell down from injury received during the siege. In the same year it 
 was rebuilt, with this motto round the arch, in capitals, on one side, " A CITY AS- 
 SAULTED BY MAN BUT SAVED BY GOD." On the other side next the city, 
 "EVER REMEMBER THE FIFTH OF SEPTEMBER, 1643. GIVE GOD 
 THE GLORY." After the Restoration the royal arms were put up. Part of the city 
 wall, though reduced in height, runs East and West of this gate. 
 
 The East, North and South gates were standing in 1776', but pulled down not long 
 after, under the Act for improvement of the city. 
 
 Sir Thomas Bell lived at the Black Friers ; and a small gate, called by the name of 
 his lady, fell down about sixty years ago. The Postern-Gate, between the East and 
 North Gates, the Blind-Gate, or St. Oswald's Gate, leading to the Priory ; the Alvin- 
 Gate (much admired for the beauty of its architecture.) and Lower North-Gate in the 
 
 • Decern Sciiptoi-es, 1242. ^ Sigon. Fasti, 117- *^ Rous, p. 211. 
 
 <i Pat. 16. 19. 34. 49. Hen. 111.; 26. 30. Ed. I.; 6. Ed. II. « Dec. Scriptor. 2622. 
 
 i Smythe's Berkeleys' MS. 340. 5 M. Paris, 682, 856. 
 
 t> Furney. i Froissart, II. 135, 149. 
 
 suburbs
 
 ^ 
 
 
 I
 
 ANCIENT GLOUCESTER. 1,31 
 
 suburbs — these are all removed, as nuisances and obstructions ; and so indeed they 
 were. With neither reason or taste, because ornamental to the city, and no nuisance, 
 was lately taken down, in order to open a view from the street (of passengers, shops 
 and brick-houses,) the gate of Edward III. (the finest aera of Gothic architecture,) re- 
 paired by Abbot Parker, and leading into the College Church-yard. It was a fashion, 
 formerly, to make a sheltered entry at church-yard gates, where the bearers and 
 mourners might place the corpse till the minister arrived to perform the service ; and 
 from an Anglo-Saxon word, this covered gateway was called lich-gate, /. e. corpse-gate. 
 The side-walls remaining still preserve a memorial of its beautiful architecture, and 
 the care of the original designer, by a very finely pointed arch, not to obstruct the 
 sight of the south porch of the cathedral. 
 
 Bridges. A doubt has arisen whether the artificial channel, called Little Severn, was 
 not the original course of the Severn ; but the term Little implies comparison with 
 another stream ; but whether this was the Over branch, or the present under the West- 
 Gate Bridge, is matter of doubt. It is to be observed, that the Over branch is almost 
 straight, and the West-Gate rival, jagged and circuitous, exactly in the river style of 
 nature when it follows the declination of the ground. A vast volume of water, under 
 the influence of tides, will produce unexpected results in reference to the channels which 
 it may ultimately adopt ; but it requires investigation by mathematical instruments in a 
 philosophical mode to decide, whether one or either of these channels is artificial, it 
 either be so. According to the course on the map, the original channel was by Over; 
 but that not being sufficient for the occasional bulk of the stream, it forced another 
 passage sideways down to the city, upon the principle of a weir to a mill-dam, long 
 before the date of history, and then returned to the parent course by the lower ground. 
 Leiand, however, mentions Foreign Bridge, consisting of seven great arches, several 
 now built upon, as the chief arm of the river, and yet it was denominated Little 
 Severn, and is now exsiccated. That the Romans would have any thing to do with 
 the island, in the way of occupation as a military concern, is out of the question. It 
 formed a narrow front of easy defence, before the station could be attained : and a 
 canal rendered it still more secure, as well as formed a useful wharf for business. It is 
 not likely that the channel would have become dry if it had been natural. The waters 
 would have required the same vent now as before. To return. The West-Gate 
 Bridge was built by Richard Walred, in the reign of Henry II., but lately destroyed 
 to make room for a new one. In id'Jl water-works were erected here to supply the 
 city ; but a better method is now adopted, through pipes from Hobinswood-hill, the 
 proprietor of that estate repairing, and the inhabitants paying an assessment, accord- 
 ing to the quantity furnished. Cole-Bridge, a little below Bartholomew's IIosj)ital, 
 now destroyed, crossed a cut to drain the meads and convey coals to the hospital. 
 Of Over-causeway mention has already been made. It leads to the Commons, another 
 Romanity. The origin of these is not generally known. When a colony was esta- 
 blished, certain lands to be held in common were severed from the particular grants to 
 the veterans, and called by Aggenus LTrbicus Communalia, the Etrurian appellation : 
 
 by
 
 132 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 by Frontinus, Commiinia, the Italian origin of our term '', Anciently the only in- 
 closed land was arable ; and Coke, as well as our oldest lawyers say, that as the 
 feoffee or tenant could not plough the land without cattle, nor cattle be sustained 
 without pasture, so common in the waste and land of the lord was a matter of ne- 
 cessary consequence, under a system of tillage'. Such was the prevalence of that sys- 
 tem, in the ideas of our ancestors, that the people in the reign of Henry VII. rose 
 against inclosures for grazing purposes, lest a scarcity of grain should ensue. 
 
 The principal public structure in point of ornament was (of a minor kind) the 
 High Cross, situated in the centre of the four principal streets. 
 
 As there were several crosses in this city, it is worth while to give some account of 
 the motives for erecting them. 
 
 The first origin of them was marking the Druid-stones with crosses, in order to 
 change the worship without breaking the prejudice™. They may be classed under 
 various heads : — Boundary Crosses — Sanctuary Crosses — Memorial Crosses, of bat- 
 tles or other great events — Praying Crosses — Preaching Crosses — Proclamation 
 Crosses — Parochial Crosses, in the way leading to parish-churches, in order to inspire 
 reverence for the mysteries, at which the people were about to be present — i Preaching 
 Crosses, such as that of Hereford — and Market Crosses". This High Cross par- 
 took of the Memorial and Market Cross; for before the reign of John several stalls 
 stood near it, which the burgesses by paying a fine to the king in I5JO4 removed °. 
 On the high road crosses were placed to call the thoughts of the passengers to a sense of 
 religion, and to restrain the predatory incursions of robbers p. In the inarket-place the 
 Cross was a signal for upright intention and fairness of dealing, and in every place 
 crosses were designed as a check upon a worldly spirit 1. " Owersoever (says an ancient 
 MS.) a cross standeth, ther is a forgiveness of payne." "■ The corj)se, when conveyed 
 to church, was set down at crosses, that all the people attending might pray for the 
 soul of the deceased. Mendicants there stationed themselves to bes alms in the name 
 of Jesus ; and penances were often finished at them, with weeping and other marks 
 of contrition*. Previous to the erection of this cross there was a conduit, supplied by 
 water from Robinswood-hill ; and from Leland one would think, that here, and in other 
 places, the base of the cross served for the purpose mentioned ; but this does not ap- 
 pear : on the contrary, in the plans it is further South. The Cross was 34^ feet high, 
 of an octangular shape, divided into two compartments, with an embattled top; on the 
 summit a globe and cross. In eight niches on the second story stood as many royal sta- 
 tues. On the west, John and Edward III.; on the east, Henry III. and Queen 
 Eleanor ; on the north, Elizabeth and Charles I.; on the south, Richard II. and HI. 
 Sir R. Atkins says, that King John was placed because he was Earl of Gloucester, 
 and made it a borough-town: King Henry HI. because he was crowned here, and 
 
 k Dii Cange, v. Communia. 1 C'owell, v. Common. 
 
 •n Biitton's Architect. Antiq. I. p. 3. n Britton's Architect. Antiq. 
 
 o Fiirney. P Essay on Stone Crosses. '' Id. p. 30. 
 
 ' VVarlon's Engl. Poetr. I. •il-i. s ArchiEologia, XIII. p. 215, seq. 
 
 made
 
 ANCIENT GLOUCESTER. 133 
 
 made it a corporation by his charter : Oueen Eleanor, because she founded Bartholo- 
 mew's Hospital: King Edward III. because he was a renowned warrior [and bene- 
 factor: P.] : King Richard II. because he resided here for some time, and held a 
 parliament in this city : King Richard III. because he was Duke of Gloucester, and 
 annexed the hundreds of Dudston and King's Barton to the city-jurisdiction : Oueen Eli- 
 zabeth, because she established the Protestant religion ; and King Charles I. to shew 
 detestation of former disloyalty. The Vetusta Monumenta contains an east view of 
 this cross, and says it is not certain when it was built, but it has been thought as an- 
 cient at least as the time of King Richard III., who was himself Duke of Gloucester, 
 and a great benefactor to the city ; and as his statue was one of the eight ', it is scarcely 
 probable that it should have been placed there after his death, under any reign of the 
 Tudor family. For as to the statues of Oueen Elizabeth and King Charles I. they 
 were erected for particular reasons in later times, and verv probably in the room of 
 others, which were either decayed or removed to make way for them. As the top of 
 the cross was decorated with towers and vanes (with a ball and double cross at the head 
 of all), it is a certain mark of the architecture of the fifteenth century ". It was taken 
 down in 174.'), through an Act obtained for improvement of the city. 
 
 Tulsey. This was the place where the lord of the vnanor received his dues. It 
 was anciently employed for the publick affairs of the city. In 1665 a new building 
 was erected, consisting of a council-chamber and room under it. In l6'02 it was 
 rebuilt ; and in 1C48 enlarged, by the conversion of All Saints Church adjacent, into 
 a court for the sheriffs and publick purposes. The staircase was built on the site of the 
 chancel, leading to a room over it, and to the council-chamber. The place was en- 
 larged by the purchase of some land between the church and the street. This Tolsey 
 consisted of a wooden piazza below, with grotesque figures over the capitals, an over- 
 hanging story with immense sashes, and a balustrade above. The building has been 
 much improved by removing the piazza, and it consists now of a brick building, with 
 stone ornaments and large sashes. Below is the lobby and court of quarter-sessions; 
 and, above, the council-chamber. Here are two portraits ; the one of Sir Thomas 
 Rich ; the other of Charles late Duke of Norfolk, a full-length of the size of life, pre- 
 sented by [Lord] H. Molyneux Howard, long M. P. for the city. 
 
 Booth-ltall. This was the ancient Guild-hall, or place like an exchange, where 
 merchants ex])osed their wares ; and at what time it was converted into an Assize- 
 court for the County and City does not appear. It was rebuilt in 1606", and is a very 
 lofty lath and plaster building, full of windows. The inside is barn-Iikc and uncomfort- 
 able. During part of the reign of James I. it was used as a prison for offending bur- 
 gesses. In this ancient hall was transacted a scene perhaps unique in judicial his- 
 tory, viz. a female sitting as judge. During the quarrels between Anne Lady Berkeley 
 and her relatives, she fled, says Mr. Smyth, " to her old master, King Henry VIII. 
 
 ' It is to be regretted that tliis statue was lost, for being of the age of Richard- it might have been use- 
 ful in reference to the disputed |)oint, his presumed deformity. 
 " Vol. II. PI. 8. Re-engraved in Britton's Architect. ,\ntiq. 
 
 who
 
 134 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 who granted her a speciall comission under the great seal, to enquire, heare, and de- 
 termine these riots and other misdemeanors, and made her one of the commissioners 
 and of the quorum ; whereupon she came to Gloucester, and there sate on the bench 
 in the publique sessions-hall, impanelled a jury, received evidence, found Sir Nich. 
 Poynz and Maurice Berkeley and their fellows guilty of divers riots and disorders, and 
 fined them. Hence it is, that the common people in these parts of Yate and Mangots- 
 field will, with some stiffness of opinion, to this day, to the honour of this lady, as they 
 suppose, maintaine that she was a justice of peace, and in the commission of the peace, 
 and sat with them upon the bench." ^ 
 
 Holy Trinity Church. This church stood in the middle of the West-gate Street, 
 nearly opposite to the Upper College Court, and consisted of one aisle, with a beauti- 
 ful tower at the West end. From the ruinous state of the church in 169S it was taken 
 down, and only a part of the West end preserved for an engine-house, and the beau- 
 tiful tower. Under this a conduit was erected in 170-2 ; but by the Act of 23 Geo. H. 
 from obstruction of the street it was taken down, together with a middle row of build- 
 ings up to the Cross. The materials, instead of being employed in some other publick 
 religious building on the spot, were shamefully sold to rebuild the parish church of 
 Upton-on-Severn y. 
 
 Sir R. Atkins says, " that a convenient clock was put up in the tower, and that the 
 site of the church was turned into a market, but so well regulated, as to give no dis- 
 turbance to the many worthy magistrates of the city interred beneath."^ 
 
 King's Board. Stukeley says, " Here are several market- houses, supported with 
 pillars ; among the rest, a very old one of stone, Gothic architecture, uncommon 
 and ancient, now turned into a cistern for water."" Martin, who wrote in 1759, 
 describes it as a small market-house, over which was a cistern of Severn water ''. Over 
 the arches, and on the sides and ends of it, were carvings of Scriptural histories. At 
 each corner was a large statue, and on the upper part a cross upon a pyramid, be- 
 tween four effigies, and it had battlements round it. It was formerly assigned to the 
 sale of butter and cheese, and was built or repaired by King Richard H. In 1572 the 
 upper part was repaired, and about I69I was taken down, that a large cistern might 
 l>e erected as a reservoir of Severn water from the west gate. 
 
 Dunning' s Place. " Without the Upper North-gate, on the West side, was the 
 castle of Croydon, standing in Hair Lane, otherwise Herlon, Hare Lane, and Bound 
 Lane, where the Countess of Stafford had lands ; and where was a house called Dun- 
 ning's Place, belonging to the abbey." Thus Archdeacon Furney. It is certain, that 
 the fee of the Earls of Gloucester lay in the suburbs, and that David Dunning occurs 
 as holding 20s. rent in Eli Street '^. This is mentioned because, annexed to the house 
 belonging to Mr. Counsel, in Hare Lane, is an interesting relick of antiquity, remains 
 
 X Lives of the Berkeleys, MS. 711, 712. y MSS. Snell. ^ P. 195. edit. 1712. 
 
 " Itin. I. C9. b Nat. Hist, of Engl. p. 354. 
 
 c Reg. Abb. Glouc. B. N" 600. 744. MSS. Prlnn. See too Doomsday. 
 
 of
 
 ANCIENT GLOUCESTER. 135 
 
 of a tenement, with windows of the fourteenth century, which, Mr. Counsel is of opi- 
 nion, was Dunning's Place. 
 
 In the East-gate Street, formerly called Jeivn/ Street, on the North side, is an an- 
 cient huilding, used as a cellar, built with pointed arches, and supposed to have been 
 a synagogue of tiie Jews'*. This appropriation is rejected by Mr. Counsel, and vaults 
 do not necessarily imply a religious appropriation''. It is certain that the Jews car- 
 ried on the trade of usury f, because it was prohibited to Christians under the Romish 
 religion. 
 
 In 1169 one Jace, a very wealthy Jew of this place?, was fined 100*. for furnish- 
 ing the rebels in Ireland with great sums of money*'. In 1217 King Henry III. 
 being informed by his Council, what great profit would arise from the Jews, if kindly 
 dealt with, issued a writ to the sheriff and other officers of tliis place, commanding 
 them to elect twenty-four burgesses to watch carefully over the Jews, and guard them 
 particularly against the insults of Jerusalem pilgrims ; and to complete their security, 
 that none might do them hurt upon pretence of not knowing them, he ordered that 
 they should, by way of distinction, wear upon the fore-part of their upper garment two 
 broad stripes of white linen and parchment'. In 1260 the king sent officers here to 
 take fresh inventories of their effects of every kind ''. There were good reasons for 
 this. The king wanted money ; and the Jews by coining, forging seals, blasphemies, 
 and even murders, had highly irritated the nation. Some protection they derived 
 from placing themselves under the livery of some great nobleman, and passing by the 
 name of his Jews. But in the end, jjublic dislike, their wealth, and the desire of their 
 numerous debtors to liberate themselves, effected their banishment'. Accordingly in 
 1289 a writ passed to the sheriffs, commanding him to make proclamation, that no 
 
 d The author cannot now refer to Tovey's AngHa Judaica, for the existence of synagogues ; but he recol- 
 lects, that tlie famous Abehinl, being interrogated by a Jew, why the hglitning, which destroyed church- 
 spires, never touched their synagogues, answered, " Did you ever know lightning hurt a privy ?" It is 
 most certain, tiiat the Jews in England were not allowed cemeteries in towns till 1177. and then only outside 
 of the walls. See Du Cange (v. Judai,) who observes also that they had synagogues, but were not allowed to 
 sing aloud ; but (under coirection of Tovey) the author docs not believe that synagogues were tolerated 
 within the walls. The modern synagogue is in the suburbs. 
 
 *" See more of this Remain, under the parish of St. Michael's. 
 
 f Gilb. Carpenter gave all his lands in the suburb of Gloucester towards the King's Hall, which he held of 
 the Abbey of Gloucester at 12(/. per annum, for 20s. to pay his debts in the Judaism of Gloucester. — Glow. 
 Abb. Reg. H. n. 10 IS. 
 
 g Du Cange says, that the Jews were tolerated by Christian princes, on account of their attention to usury, 
 and collection of the public taxes. They were therefore very useful ; and they and tiieir property formerly 
 belonged to the barons, in wliose domains tliey lived, and were accounted slaves. On these accounts they 
 became subject to heavy taxes whenever the princes and barons wanted money. They had their own judges 
 and courts, and also seals. Besides distinctions of dress, the jjolicy of the Roman Catholic religion pro- 
 vided.with its usual infringements on the liberty of private life, that no Christian nurse should suckle a 
 Jew boy ; and if a Christian had an afl'-iir with a Jewess, he should be burnt, because it was bestiality. Thus 
 Du Cange, v. Judai. So much for barbarous states of society, where human beings are objects of traffick. 
 
 »» Rot. Pip. 16 H. II. ap. Madox. i Rolls 2 Hen. III. ap. Tovey's Anglia Judaica. 
 
 k Pat. 4,-i Hen. HI. 1 M. Paris, p. 674. 
 
 one
 
 1S6 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 one should presume to hurt the Jews, or take from them those goods, which the 
 king had allowed them to keep ; but on the contrary furnish them with a guard pro- 
 vided they would pay for it, which might secure their passage to London, in order to 
 transportation ; provided also, that before their removal they returned all their pawns 
 or pledges to such as were willing to redeem them ™. 
 
 The Church of St. Catharine, destroyed in the civil wars, has fine remains, chiefly 
 in the style antecedent to the 13th century. 
 
 The Church of St. Mary de Grace consisted of a single aisle, with a spire steeple, 
 and stood on the site of the herb and fish market. It was made a powder-magazine 
 in 1648, and entirely taken down in 1653. 
 
 The Church of St. Oiveii's, a little westward, without the South gate, was destroyed 
 with the suburbs at the siege. 
 
 The Church of All Saints was incorporated with the Tolsey, as before. 
 The Church of St. Aldates was a low spired church, covered with shingles, and 
 stood not far from the upper North gate. 
 
 The several Relisious Houses have their own distinct articles elsewhere : as have 
 also the Hospitals. 
 
 Hermitage. There was one at Sendbridge, in the parish of St. Mary de Lode. 
 In Graunt's Lane, or Ross Lane, or New Inn Lane, was a great Inn for Pilgrims ". 
 In the West-gate Street, on the South side, stood a good Statue of King George 
 I. in a Roman habit, crowned with laurel °. Furney places this statue in the East- 
 gate Street. 
 
 r Charles II., a very bad one. 
 Statues of I ^^^^^ Anne — both in the South-gate Street. 
 
 Inferior Market-houses. 1. The Barley- market, in the East-gate Street, built 
 about 1655 or 6, from the materials of an older market-house, nearer the East gate, 
 and the remains of the churches of St. Catharine and St. Mary de Grace. 2. The 
 Wheat-market, in the South-gate Street, built in 1606. Being much damaged at the 
 siege, another, with the above statue of Charles II. was erected in \66o and 1661 p. 
 3. The Meal-market, adjoining the East end of St. John's Church. It was repaired in 
 1619, converted into a dwelling-house in 1657, and entirely demolished as incom- 
 modious, upon rebuilding St. John's Church, in I733 or 4. 
 
 Conduits and Aqueducts. That no urgent scarcity of water formerly obtained in 
 this city is exhibited by the following entry in the Abbey Registers : — " John Meys 
 gave license to the abbot and his successors to fix a gutter, as well to his house as to 
 another in Ebrugg Street, between a tenement of the abbey on one side, and a tene- 
 ment of the abbey belonging to the ojpce o( the town-magistrate on the other side, so 
 that water distilling from this gutter might descend into his pond or yard without let 
 of him, or his heirs." 1 Thus rain-water was not hoarded. "In the South-gate 
 
 m Claus. 18 Ed. I. ap. Tovey. » Furney. « Martins Nat. Hist. Engl. 1759, I. 351. 
 
 P Ibid. •> Reg. B. n. 1077. 
 
 Street,"
 
 ANCIENT GLOUCESTER. 137 
 
 Street," says Martin, who wrote in 1759, " stands an old conduit, with a small but 
 not inelegant building over it, in the Gothic taste. This conduit, with one at the 
 Cross, both supplied with water from a spring at Robin Hood's Hill, were, till lately, 
 almost the only jilaces from whence the inhabitants of this part of the town could 
 be supplied with good spring water."' Furney says it was of an octangular form, and 
 built by Alderman John Scriven, in 1636. There were other conduits and wells, of 
 which no vestiges remain. 
 
 Exchequer. I'he king had an office, where the tenants who owed service paid their 
 rents towards the farm of the town."* 
 
 B'lsJiop of H^orcester's Penitentiary*-. It is uncertain whether this was a distinct 
 erection from the Abbey Prison, used on such occasions. Besides these, there was a 
 
 Permanent PiUort/ and Stocks. The former used to be large and various ; and 
 sometimes humanely roofed over, that the sufferer might not be wet through, or 
 the wood be rotted. Probably the latter was the motive ; but they were very conspi- 
 cuous objects in terrorem ". At the end of Barton Street was the 
 
 fVorlds End. These were inns generally the last in the neighbourhood, brothels. 
 The sign was commonly a man and woman walking together, with the following distich, 
 " I'll go with my friend to the World's End," a kind of intimation what sort of com- 
 pany was most welcome there. One of the signs of a house so called, near London, 
 was " The Globe of the World in a state of conflagration," an indecent absurdity, as 
 gross as would be a sign of " The Resurrection.' * 
 
 Semiramis paved highways ; but the Carthaginians first applied the practice to 
 streets, and were followed by the Romans. Several cities had paved streets before the 
 Christian aera ; but those, which are at present the ornament of Europe, Rome ex- 
 cepted, were destitute of this convenience, till almost the twelfth or thirteenth century y. 
 From the year I326 several writs" order pavage for this city ; but the Parliament Roll 
 of 1454* is most declaratory on the subject. It says, — " If any person or persons being 
 so seased of any burgage, meas, land, or tenement within the said towne and sub- 
 urbes of the same, after such proclamation made, make not the said pavement [before 
 their houses] sufficiently within the tyme above limited [a year after the proclamation 
 made] that then the bailiff of the said towne for the time being have full power and 
 authorite by this acte to doo make the seid pavement sufficiently atte costes and ex- 
 penses of every persone or persones so beynge in defaulte of pavyng. Persons havinge 
 rentes from burgages were also to contribute to the same." The same rolls of the years 
 1472 and 1473 '^ observe, that the pavement of the town was very bad : only a quarter 
 of a year's notice was to be allowed. This pavement only extended to the four princi- 
 
 f Martin's Nat. Hist. It is seen in Kip's Plan, a little northward of Bell Lane. 
 
 ' Inq. ad (juod. darnpnum 7 E. III. NoCS. • Reg. Parv. de VVinchcombc, p. '2*. 
 
 " See various Wood-cuts in Deuce's Shakespeare. * Hawkins's Musick, V. 359. 
 
 y Bcckmann's Inventions, II. 21, 22. 
 
 '■ Pat. 1.4. 9. Edw. III. Pat. 2. 4. 7- Uic. II. Pat. 7. 14. Hen. IV. Pat. 7- 8. Hen. V. Pat. 7. S. 13. Hen. VI. 
 
 a Pari. 33 Hen. VI. i" Id. 12, 13. Edw. IV. 
 
 T pal
 
 13S 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 pal streets: and the first record says, " that the town was but feebly paved before." 
 These renewals of acts are not singular : when it is considered that in 1490 three Iiun- 
 tlred houses were in ruin<^, but the Act of 27 Henry VHI. enforced much rebuilding'. 
 
 ' Petition of the Corporation to Henry VII. for abatement of the fee-farm. MSS. Prinn. '• Furney. 
 
 ANCIENT GLOUCESTER. A" 1535 ^ 
 
 A Rent-Roil made 1535. — The Names of the Streets and Lanes in the 
 
 Town of Gloucester. 
 
 Severne Street — Extending from the Cross at Se- 
 verne side by the Perse unto the house of tlie far- 
 mer, where now Jn° Austin our servt liveth. [Out- 
 side the AV'estgate-street on the South.] 
 
 Smnll Lane — Extenileth frcm a little well in Se- 
 verne Street unto S. Owen's ch. yard. 
 
 Sudbrook Street. From the East end of Sememe 
 Street unto the Orchard Wall of Lanthony by Bris- 
 Tow Highway. 
 
 Snuthgate Street is from the East end of Severne 
 unto the High Cross, saving it is called Within the 
 (iate and Without the Gate. 
 
 .S'. Owen's Lane is going out of S. Owen's ch. yard 
 into the Broad Street without the Gate. 
 
 Skip Lane is anent S. Kirabross in the other side 
 of the Street, and extendeth along the Grey fryers 
 Wall. 
 
 Old Smith Street*, or the School House Lane, is 
 on the West side of the Soiith-jjate Street : extending 
 from thence down to the bare land. 
 
 Safer Lane goeth out of Old Smitli Street, where 
 now the Lady Cook hath a back-dore unto the 
 Black fryers Wall, ^vhich now is stojiped up. 
 
 Travell Lane* is on the E. side of S. Gate Street, 
 anent old Smith Street, and extendeth unto the 
 Town Wall. 
 
 .S. Man/ Lane * extendeth from the E. end of the 
 N. side of Chrbt Cluncli yard by the Grey Fliers 
 Wall unto the Town Wall. 
 
 St. Ebrug Lane extendeth from the West side of 
 Southgate Street anent the Pillory unto Gore 
 Lane. 
 
 Gore Lane* extendeth from Trinity unto Old 
 Smith Street, and lieih from North to South. 
 
 Broad Smith Street lieth North and South, and 
 
 extendeth from the Bare Land unto the West Street 
 anent St. Edward's Lane in Trinity Pai-ish. 
 
 Castle Lane * is strait from the Castle unto the 
 West Street, anent the Abbey Lane, and lieth North 
 and South. 
 
 Key Lane, or Walker's Lane, is beneath S. Nicho- 
 las's Church on the South side of the street, by the sign 
 of the George. 
 
 Abheij Lane is the next above Saint Nicholas's 
 Church on the same side, and extendeth to the .Ab- 
 bey Gate next S. Mary's Church. 
 
 (yoft Lane is on the North side of the street over 
 against Trinity Porch to the Abbey Gate. 
 
 Grace Lane* is on the same side by Grace Church, 
 and extendeth unto S. John's Church. 
 
 The Mercery is from Croft Lane unto Grace Lane. 
 
 The Cenlery is uilhin the same space. 
 
 The Cojffery is fiom Grace Lane to the Cross. 
 
 Grant Lane is from the New Inn on the same side. 
 
 Oxbody Lane * is the next beneath on the same 
 side. This Lane has been called Oxbody Lane for 
 about 100 years past. [Mistake.] 
 
 Hare Lane* is without the Inner North Gate on 
 the West side of the Street, and extending from 
 the North Gate unto the Old Gate going to Longford 
 by Munk Leighton. 
 
 Item in Hare Lane is another Lane, save it yts 
 called the middle next on to the first. 
 
 Bryd Lane* is the next lying in length as the 
 other two Lane of Hare doth. 
 
 Watring stede* is the Street from Saint Oswald's, 
 extending from thence unto the Gate going to 
 iMonkleyton and Alvin Gate. 
 
 Tulwell'is a little well beyond S.Thomas's Chappell 
 \\ilhout Blindgate going to Kingsholme. 
 
 c From a MS. comniunicatccl by Mr. Counsel. 
 
 • These streets are mentioned in the Abbey Registers quoted hereafter. 
 
 Streets
 
 ANCIENT GLOUCESTER. 
 
 139 
 
 Streets mentioned in certain Abbey Registers not included in tlie above. 
 
 Alne-gale Ditch. Reg. Abb. Ciienc. II. 157. MSS. 
 Prinn. Query Atcin-gate in tlie suburbs. 
 
 Arch-deacon Street. Glouc. Abb. Reg. B. n. 29. See 
 Archdeacons, now Leatlier Bottle Lane, from an ale- 
 house sign. 
 
 Abbot's Barton. Id. Xo. 6'27. In Barton Street. 
 
 Aldesfeld Bridge. Id. \o. 620. In Barton Abbots. 
 
 Abbey Lane. Id. No. S61. now Three-Cocks Lane. 
 
 Brok-street*. Id. n. G34. Just without the Pos- 
 tern-gate to Morin's Mill. 
 
 Barton Street. Id. n. 605. 
 
 Bridcskesmill. Reg. A. n. 7. 
 
 Butchery. Id. Reg. B. No. 1105. [S. side of Upper 
 VVestgate Street.] 
 
 Carmelites Garden. Id. Reg. B. n. 1037. 
 
 Church-yard Gate of St. Peter's Abbey. Id. n. 44S. 
 
 Ei/les Gate. Id. n. 12. [The East gate.] 
 
 Ebruge Street. Id. No. 1077. [Westgate Street.] 
 
 Ennend Brook. Id. 448. 
 
 Fete -) , Reg. Abb. Cirenc. II. 157. Had 
 
 f Lane 
 I'ele J ' formerly good houses. It stood N. 
 
 of the White Friers. 
 
 Great Street. (Sec below.) Id. p. 159. 
 
 Garden of St. Peter's Abbey. Reg. Glouc. B. 574. 
 
 Garden of St. Osivald's Priory without Alnegate. 
 Id. n. 1014. 
 
 Great Smith Street. Id. n. 1105. 
 
 Great Street towards the great Gate nf the Abbey. 
 Id. n. 1 142. 
 
 Great Street towards the South Gate. Id. n. 44S. 
 
 Gosethrote Lane. Reg. A. 468. 
 
 Ilcnneride — Henrideway. Reg. B. 1055. 1040. 
 
 Inner North Gate. Id. n. 1020. 
 
 Judaism. Reg. B. n. I07G. [East Gate Street.] 
 
 King's Ditch. Id. n. 593. [North of Barton Street.] 
 
 King's Barton. Id. n. 621. [In Barton Street, op- 
 posite to this Barton, was a street. Id. n. 622.] 
 
 King's Lane. Id. 1121. 
 
 Lich Gate. Id. 673, 674. [Edward the Third's 
 Gale, of which before. 
 
 Lciiliscroft. Reg. B. 448. [Very ncai- Feat L;ine. 
 
 Lich Lane. Id. n. 21. [Now College Lane.] 
 
 Mercery. Id. n. 20. [North side of the West Gate 
 Street.] 
 
 Morin's Mill. [Under (he N. Gate.] 
 
 Market Place near St. Mari/'s Church. Id. n. 
 
 }" 
 
 est side of the S. Gate. 
 
 Kewland. Id. n. 787. [All the land on bothsides 
 the lower North Gate.] 
 
 North gates, two. Id. n. 573. 
 
 New Drapery. Id. n. 1105. 
 
 Otland Field. Id. n. 448. 
 
 Oxhodij Lane. Id. 1068. 
 
 Puck Lane. Id. 448. 
 
 Sandfurlong. Id. n. 1035. 
 
 St. Mary's Lane. Id. n. 448. [Cript Alley.] 
 
 Strude Lane. Id. n. 448. 
 
 Tanners Street. Id. p. 158. 
 
 Thurd Lane. Id. n. 448. 
 
 Tostane's Mead. Id. n 448. 
 
 Zonary. Id. n. 1062. [The Mercer's Row.] 
 
 Streets, Ssc destroyed in the Siege, or now unknown. 
 From Fitrney. 
 
 A street from South Gate to Rignor's Stile. 
 
 Lower Southgale, and Sudbrook Street, without 
 South Gate. 
 
 St. Owen's Lane. ' 
 
 Severn Street. 
 
 Alvin Gale. 
 
 Kingsholm Street. 
 
 St. Thomas's Chapel. Chapel House built on the 
 site of it. The Chapel occurs 1273 ; rebuilt 1454. 
 
 Le Hurst, probably a wood about the time of the 
 Conquest, extended from Hare Lane to Bride Lane, 
 called also Farther Hare Lane, and reached to the East 
 corner of Wood Garden, and near Hangman's Pits, 
 opposite to the wall of the Cathedral next the Or- 
 chard belonging to the Prebendary of the third stall. 
 
 ll'ateriiig Street. 
 
 Water Street, commonly called Katherine Street, 
 was from St. Oswald's Street, which was directly op- 
 ]>osite to the church of that name. 
 
 Feat Lane. Destroyed at the Siege. 
 
 King Street. Led from Kingsholm to Gloucester. 
 
 Milk Street. 
 
 Chepster's Lane. I'roin the Southgate Street to 
 ihc moat of the Castle, lUlerly destroyed before or 
 near the reign of Hen. III. 
 
 Glover's Row. 30 Ed. HI. 
 
 Small Lane, near Brooks Street, 34 Edw. III. 
 
 Brook Street. Destroyed at the Siege ; partially 
 rebuilt. 
 
 Houses
 
 140 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Houses formerly stood without the West Gate. 
 
 Queen Street. 
 
 
 Silver Street. >Towards Longford. 
 
 King Street. J 
 
 Castle Street, which led from the Old Bear to 
 the Castle. 
 
 Sheep Lane. From the South Gate Street to the 
 walls of the Grey Friers. 
 
 An Alley, from Love Alley, which led from the 
 South Gate Street. 
 
 St. Bride's Street. Decaved in Leland's time. 
 
 Silver Girdle Street. Do. 
 
 IVhite Street gave entrance into the town from the 
 London Road through Pedmark's Field. 
 
 Lawdaij Ditch, intended, perhaps, to separate the 
 Liberties of the Town from the Country. 
 
 Jews' Synagogue, in or near St. Kimbro's Chapel. 
 
 Fishmonger's Row, 8 Hen. IV. 
 
 Mary Bone Park. Between the South Gate and 
 the Castle; not inclosed till 1633, nor built upon 
 till 1644. 
 
 Presentation of the Grand Jury, concerning Houses destroyed in the Siege 
 "■ Julii decimo octavo. Anno Dom. 1646. 
 " Delivered to the Judges. 
 
 " A true Collection made by divers of the sufficient 
 Inhabitants of the City of Glou"" of the perfect 
 value of all the losses sustained by firing and pull- 
 ing down of Houses in the Suburbs of the North, 
 East, and South Wards of the same City, also 
 Kings Holm (at the late Siege there) for the pre- 
 servation of the said City and Garrison, with the 
 goods in the said houses there, being also con- 
 sumed by fire. 
 
 " We the Grand Inquest for the body of the 
 County of the City of Gloucr being very sensible of 
 the greivous losses that have been sustained by the 
 owners and tennants of houses and lands in the sub- 
 urbs of the City of Glouc'' with the destroying of tlie 
 meads thereto adjacent (for the securing of that 
 City and the Garison therein kept by the Parliament 
 against the enemy of our Religion and Liberties) 
 by means whereof many of them have been ex- 
 treamly impoverished, and the rest very much dis- 
 abled to contribute to the publick charges of that 
 City and County, have thought good to inform this 
 honourable House that upon an accorapt taken it 
 doth appear unto us y' there were to the number of 
 two hundred forty and one houses (wherein so many 
 several families inhabited) in the suburbs of the 
 said City ruined, whereof some were pulled down, 
 but the greatest part thereof fired the same evening 
 that the City was beleagurcd by yc enemy, being 
 upon the tenth day of August 1643; and many of y"> 
 were very fair dwelling-houses, besides many barnes, 
 stables, out houses, gardens, orchards, which were 
 also destroyed for the necessary safety of the said 
 City, which the inhabitants of the said City wil- 
 lingly consented unto, and without which the City 
 
 could not have been preserved (in humane juiig- 
 ment) ; and we do humbly desire, that the suffer- 
 ings of the several persons thereby for the publick 
 (amounting in the whole, as it is conceived, to the 
 value of twenty-eight thousand seven hundred and 
 twenty pounds at the least (which will appear by the 
 several particulars underneath set down) may be 
 taken into serious consideration, and represented 
 unto the Honourable Parliment of England to the end 
 all and every y^ owners of the said houses and lands 
 may have reparations of their damages according to 
 the former declaration made by the Parliment for the 
 incouragement of the well affected; and the rather in 
 regard the greatest part of the persons that have so 
 suffered have demonstrated their good affection in 
 ye assistance towards the fortifying of the said City 
 before the Seige and ever since, and in regard the 
 preservation of that City hath been of so great con- 
 cernment to the whole Nation. 
 
 SOUTH WARD. 
 
 *ffifty dwelling-houses, besides gardens and-, 
 stables, of Mr. Tho' Dennis and his mother >3500 
 
 under tenants J 
 
 *John Gelding, one house 150 
 
 *Mr. Henry Ellis, six dwelling-houses 300 
 
 *Mr. William Angel, two dwelling-houses .... 300 
 
 * William Cooper, one house 100 
 
 Mr. Atkinson, seven houses 50O 
 
 John Cleves, widower, one house 150 
 
 *Mr. Thomas Whitcombe, one house 150 
 
 *Executours of Aiders" Powell, one house 340 
 
 *Bryel Gray, five houses 700 
 
 Carried over 6190 
 
 John
 
 ANCIENT GLOUCESTER. 
 
 141 
 
 Brought up 6190 
 
 John Surman, one house 150 
 
 Tho» Whitingham, two houses 140 
 
 *Mr. John Cook, two houses 150 
 
 ♦Will" Allen, two houses 150 
 
 *\Vill"' Smith, two houses 150 
 
 *Mr. Herbert, one house lOO 
 
 John Niblet, one house 80 
 
 »W"" Adams, one house 50 
 
 *Mr. Scrivens, one house 50 
 
 *The goods in all those houses then consumed, -» 
 with the houses, were worth J 
 
 S-ZIO 
 
 EAST WARD. 
 
 *iMr. Throne, four houses 350 
 
 *Mr. Clent, one house 160 
 
 ♦Mr. Rich<l Deighton, 5 houses 900 
 
 »Mr. Tho» Whitcombe, four houses 550 
 
 *Mr. Rich* Smith, three houses 140 
 
 *Francis Burch, one house 50 
 
 HVill" Skillam, one house 60 
 
 *Mr. Henry Fletcher, three houses 1'20 
 
 ♦Rich'' Howx, two houses 60 
 
 Mr. Alderman Webb, two houses 70 
 
 John Theyer, 1 house 60 
 
 John Hart, '2 houses 140 
 
 *Mr. John Scriven, G houses 400 
 
 *WiHra Cowdell, 7 houses 520 
 
 *Mr. Rich'' Howard, two houses 100 
 
 Anne Theyer, widow, two houses 60 
 
 *Mr. Miles Keene, 2 houses 60 
 
 *Mr. Will"> Angel, four houses 150 
 
 *Thomas Drinkwater, one house 80 
 
 *Mr. Walter Lane, three houses 140 
 
 *Mrs. Woodruff, widow, one house 250 
 
 ♦Margaret Craker, widow, 7 houses 150 
 
 *Mr. Rich'' Smith, one house 40 
 
 *Mrs. Dennis, widow, 3 houses 'JO 
 
 *TheBarstow, houses, and barnes, belonging ■> 
 
 to the Mayor and Burgesses J 
 
 ♦The goods in all those houses then con- -» 
 
 sumcd, with the houses / 
 
 S470 
 
 NORTH WARD. 
 
 £. 
 
 *Mr. EdwJ Mitchell, one house 500 
 
 ♦Tho^ Terrett, one house -00 
 
 ♦Mr. Evans, 7 houses 1500 
 
 ♦Mr. Brown, one house 40 
 
 ♦Mr. Smith, one house 30 
 
 ♦Rob'^ Porter, one house 30 
 
 ♦Henry Mercer, one house 200 
 
 ♦Anthony Tolson, one house 30 
 
 ♦Francis Yeates, two houses 50 
 
 ♦Mo5 Hayward, two houses 1^0 
 
 ♦Rich'' Jones, one house 40 
 
 *John Hunt, one house 30 
 
 *Mr. Tarne, two houses 60 
 
 ♦Mr. Thos Cooke, one house 300 
 
 Mr. Butt, one house 140 
 
 ♦Walker Harris, one house 200 
 
 ♦Thos Terret, one other house 20 
 
 Rich'' TuUy, one house 150 
 
 ♦Mrs. Price, widow, one house 30 
 
 ♦Thos Terret, one other house 30 
 
 George Stephens, 3 houses 300 
 
 ♦Mrs. Hayward, one other house 10 
 
 ♦Rob' Hill, two houses 150 
 
 ♦Henry Pulewent, 4 houses 120 
 
 ♦Mr. Anthy Edwards, 2 houses 280 
 
 Edward Clements, 5 houses 200 
 
 ♦WiUiam Games, 3 houses 120 
 
 ♦John Hunt, two houses 80 
 
 ♦Mr. Lane, two houses 50 
 
 ♦John Pearce, one house 100 
 
 Twelve houses in Brook-street 500 
 
 ♦Mr. Farrie, one house 150 
 
 The goods in all these liouses then consumed, -i^ 
 with the houses / ' 
 
 7750 
 
 KINGS HOLM. 
 
 ♦Mrs. Robinson, one house 100 
 
 ♦Widow Davis, two houses 150 
 
 ♦Widow Richmond, one house 60 
 
 ♦Widow May, one house 60 
 
 ♦Mrs. Hayward, one house 120 
 
 ♦Rob' Porter, one house 50 
 
 Joyce Cowcher, one house 40 
 
 Carried over 5So 
 
 •Giles
 
 14^ 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Brought up 5S0 
 
 *Giles Pierce, one house _ 50 
 
 *tt'illiam Angel, one house 150 
 
 *Mr. Palmer, one house 30 
 
 Mr. Clutterbuck, one barne 50 
 
 Tully Court, 4 houses, barnes, and stables 500 
 
 *Ongate, 1 houses, \v"> barnes and stables, -> 
 
 with orchard and trees cut down J ^^*^ 
 
 Corne and goods at the Kings Holm, then-. 
 
 also burnt / 500 
 
 James Cecil, one barne 150 
 
 The little mead and mean hand, and other n 
 
 grounds, beingdrown'd from the beginning V2000 
 
 of the wars, and so remainetth J 
 
 4310 
 
 Houses 88 in the South Ward 8210 
 
 D» 67 East \Vaid 8470 
 
 Do 69 North Uard 7750 
 
 Do 17 Kings Holm 4310 
 
 Total. .24 1 Total 28720 
 
 [Total by this account 28740] 
 
 THE GRAND INQUEST. 
 
 Mr. James Stephens. 
 Mr. George Gwinnett. 
 Mi-. Henry Ellis. 
 Mr. Rob"^ Paine. 
 Mr. Richd Undrill. 
 Mr. Giles Hayward. 
 M'illiam Lodge. 
 Law Allen. 
 Mr. Rich'' Messinger. 
 John Webley. 
 
 John Gythings. 
 Mr. Rob' Tayler. 
 Mr. Step" Clutterbuck. 
 Miles Huntley. 
 
 N. B. Those marked *, 'tis supposed, received the 
 suras against their names. 
 
 Not marked ^.6670 
 
 Remains 22050 
 
 And tliis Grand Jury doth likewise humbly pray 
 that your Lordships will be pleased, w" a convenient 
 opportunity may be offered, to present unto the con- 
 sideration of the Parliament of England the great 
 charge this City, and County of this City, have been 
 at, by way of contribution, subscription, and other 
 extraordinary charge for the defence of the Common 
 Wealth, as it doth appear by the several accompts 
 put in to ye Committee of Accompts for y"^ City and 
 the County by Ordinance of Parliament, y' they may 
 receiv e some recompence when the Parliament may 
 think fit ; and they shall pray for your Lordships, 
 and this City and the County thereof will rest firm 
 to the State in their affections, &c. &c.; and, lastly, 
 the Grand Jury doth furthei' humbly pray, y' when 
 it shall please the Parliment of England to make 
 a search and true enquirey of the particular losses 
 mentioned in this certificate, that they shall rather 
 find them to be undervalued than overvalued ; ye 
 truth of all which we humblv certify. 
 
 [One third of the City was thus destroyed ; the 
 houses joined on both sides almost the whole 
 way to St. Margaret's Hospital ; and among 
 the buiklings destroyed was the beautiful Alvin 
 Gate and St. Thomas's Chapel.] 
 
 Mr. Dorney says of these changes of the city, " It hath been multiforinh. It hath 
 had many changes in buildings; for Camhden saith, that it was ' Fo7'tuito igne quater 
 pene ahsianptcC [four times ahnost destroyed by casual fire] ; and some change hath 
 been since these troubles, by the burning of the suhurhs, so that it is as a garment 
 without shirts, which we were willing to part with all, least our enemies should sit 
 upon them. And now in stead of the old suburbs without this city (where there are 
 ruinarum vestigia) [traces of ruins] there is a new street building within the city f." 
 
 f Speeches, p. 21. 
 
 From
 
 ANCIENT GLOUCESTER. 143 
 
 From the fee annexed to the castle the boundaries of the city were anciently limited. 
 The following is a copy of the perambulation taken in the year 137O: — Begin from the 
 West Gate at the Cross in the middle of the West Bridge, the meadow and pastures 
 of the abbot and convent of St. Peter's excepted ; from thence from the flowing of Se- 
 vern within the little moate, going eastward between the meadow of the archdeacon 
 and garden of St. Bartholomew, to Little Severn — so going from Little Severn to Tul- 
 well Brook [by Chapel House], upon which stands a bridge with iron bars; so going 
 along the highway to the gate of the monks" garden, with the street called Fete Lane, 
 unto \ewland, the limits and bounds, as it appears there at stones fixed ; from thence, 
 from the South Gate unto the limits there in the same street, the hospital with the 
 houses and lands opposite by view of lawful men excepted ; from thence within Rigley 
 stile to a tenement of St. Peter of Gloucester ; from thence to the lane called Severn 
 Street to the key of Severn in the end of the same lane upon Severn ; the castle of 
 the King reserved, &c.s The outline is exhibited in the Diagram ; it makes the city 
 of the form of a pear, the West Gate Bridge being the stalk. 
 
 THE CASTLE. — INTRODUCTION. 
 
 This fortress was the original seat of the Earldom of Gloucester, which honour, 
 froui this circumstance, has been presumed to apply to the city, whereas it originally 
 apj)eitained to the county, being similar to the lord-lieutenancy. 
 
 An account of the Earls and Dukes being given in the County Histories, it is not 
 necessary to reprint it; but a few jiarticulars,- of general interest shall be added. 
 
 In the thirteenth century the Chroniclers affirm that (iilbert de Clare, Earl of Glou- 
 cester, was next to the King "in opere et sermone," in action and speech '\ Ailred 
 Abbot of Rievesby, says, that the Ladies of the Earls of Gloucester were considered 
 as little less than Oueens '. 
 
 "Some thinke," says HolinshedJ, " that the name and title of Glocester hath been 
 unluckic to diverse, which fir their honours have been erected by creation of princes 
 to tliat stile and dignitie ; as Hugli Spenser, Thomas of Woodstock sonne to King 
 Edward the Third, and this Duke Ilumfrie; which three persons by miserable death 
 finished their dales; and after lliem King Richard th(! Third, also Duke of Glocester, in 
 civill warre slaine. So that this name, Duke of Glocester, is taken for an unhappie stile, 
 as the proverb speakcth of Sejan s horse, whose rider was ever unhorsed, and whose 
 possessor was ever brought to miserie." 
 
 g Reg. Lanthon. f. MSS. Prinn. 1' Lcl. Collect. 1. 1G0. 
 
 i Decern Scrijitores, 409. J HI. '211. 
 
 The
 
 144 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 The Earls of Gloucester by right were to be present at the inthronization of the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, and from thence to receive the gifts belonging to the office''. 
 
 The Court of the Honour of Gloucester used to be held from four weeks to four 
 weeks in the church of St. Mary in the South of Gloucester '. 
 
 THE CASTLE. 
 
 " That torrent of barbarians," says Denon "', '' who ravaged Europe, unable to 
 occupy the country which they had despoiled, and perpetually in a state of war, were 
 obliged to build fortresses in haste, and wanting numbers to leave in them strong 
 garrisons, placed their castles so as to be capable of being defended by a few men, and 
 give them the command of the country, which they could retain in subjection only 
 by the fear of sudden descents, and the terror of unexpected sallies." The Normans 
 acted upon the same principles to secure their recent conquests; and how powerful 
 were the inducements, and how trifling the expence (comparatively speaking) of erect- 
 ing castles, will appear from the following anecdote: — Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester, 
 having been assessed a fine of ^.100, was recommended to offer the king, in commu- 
 tation, the erection of a castle, for that would only cost forty pounds. Notwithstanding 
 the pecuniary difference, the king accepted the terms, though the building actually 
 amounted to sixty pounds". Gloucester being the key to South Wales, such a for- 
 tress was necessary; and the demolition of sixteen houses to make room for it" was a 
 small evil, compared with the existing necessity of a garrison being kept in the city. 
 
 No castle ever did or does belong to any Corporation p ; the constable, assimilating 
 the governor in foreign settlements, representing the king, and having military com- 
 mand. 
 
 The circumstance of Elystan Gloderidd being earl of Hereford and governor of Glou- 
 cester in the reign of Athelstan i is so far important as to show (because the first con- 
 stable of the castle after the Conquest held the same earldom, and with it the forest of 
 Dean) an extensive military government in theie early aeras, afterwards suppressed, 
 from wise political motives, as implying too great extent of power. 
 
 We know, from the Abbey Registers, that there was a spot called "The Old Cas- 
 tle;" and, from the presumptive evidence adduced in the preceding article, it has been 
 said that this Old Castle was a British and Anglo-Saxon fortress, of which the site at 
 
 'to' 
 
 l< Leland's Collect. I. '^72. 1 Esc. 12 Ric. II. N" 177. 
 
 "> Sicily, p. 92, Engl, translation. u Angl. Sacr. 1. 338. 
 
 ° Domesday. It further shews that the presumed British and Anglo-Saxon Fortress, which we suppose 
 to have occupied the Barbican Hill, was not, under admission of the fact, deemed large enough. 
 P Morant's Colchester, p. 10. i Pedigree of Price of Newtown in CoUins's Baronetage. 
 
 least
 
 THE CASTLE. 145 
 
 least was afterwards devoted to a Barbican for the Norman work, of which we are now 
 to speak. A protection from Welsh incursions was indispensable in places where was 
 a ro\al residence, frequently resorted to ; for in those ages, through the system of pro- 
 curations (i. e. obtaining food by impressment without pay) the Court could not pos- 
 sibly continue long in one place. Walter, Constable of England, therefore erected 
 this Castle in the reign of the Conqueror, upon, as is said, his oivn ground ■■ ; by which 
 can onlv be understood his own by office. This aj)pears to be the simple fact, though 
 some confusion has ensued by the Domesday Record mixing up the Castle of Striguil, 
 or Chepstow, with the account of Gloucester*. 
 
 As the Castle is also said to have been built by the second Walter' [grandson of the 
 founder], it is probable that the first building, like that of Robert Fitzharding's at 
 Berkeley, was only the Keep, and that the second Walter added the Castellum, or 
 surrounding fabricks ; for that such was the custom of the day appears from the in- 
 stance quoted, and many others. 
 
 Knighton, describing an ancient siege, says, " The Castle being taken, the garri- 
 son fled into the Toiver"." From hence it ajipears, that although the word castle sig- 
 nified a fortress with a keep, it had also a distinctive application from that of keep, or 
 turris, and could be extended to fortresses which, like Wilton, had no keep, properly 
 so called, but was a mere square, with four towers at the corners. Gloucester, how- 
 ever, had both keep and castle, for they are both named together in the foundation 
 charter of Lanthony". The form, therefore, is clearly understood as consisting of a 
 commanding Norman keep, encircled with high walls, jirobably of the form, upon a 
 seal of one of the Gelds, published by Rudge. It was surrounded with a wet ditch, full 
 of fishy. In the castle was a chapel^, and under the castle an orchards 
 
 Whether the presumed British and Anglo-Saxon ylrx Gloucestrice of Ethelwerd 
 and Old Castle of the Abbey Registers was in part retained in the Barbican annexed 
 to this Norman work, or the Barbican was wholly built anew, and the old materials 
 worked up, the author has found no means of ascertaining. Barbican is an Arabick 
 word, and it means an advanced work, sometimes beyond the ditch, covering the 
 head of the draw-bridge. In towns and large fortresses the Barbicans were large and 
 strong, frequently having a ditch and draw-bridge of their own**. Du Cange says, that 
 the Barbican and the Gate, in order to screen the castle, fronted the easiest access'^. 
 Barbican, and the Anglo-Saxon Burghe-kening, from similarity of sound, have been 
 
 f Qui [VValterus] quidem Constabul. Angl. fieri fecit diet. Castell. Glocestr. sup. propr. solum. MS. Cott. 
 Cleop. c. III. 
 
 » This is not unusual, through the carelessness of scribes ; for even notaries tlid not execute always 
 the deeds which they attested. " Aliunde vero niultiplicitcr occupatus per alium scribi feci." MS. Cotl. 
 Tit. c. IX. fol. 1. In the Black Book of the Exchequer, published by Hearne, we have Godiich Castle in 
 Herefordshire, and military tenures of Will. Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, classified under the return of the 
 Abbot of Winchcombe. See vol. I. j). 160. • Sec Holiiislicd, further on. 
 
 " Decern Scriptores, col. 2623. * Turris et Castelli. Dugd. Monast. II. 70. 
 
 y Dugd. Monast. II. 70. ^ Reg. Lanthon. f. 1—6. MSS. Prinn. 
 
 a Dugd. ubi supra. b Grose's Milit. Antiq. II. 2. c V. Barbacanus. 
 
 u pronounced
 
 14G 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 j)ronounced synonimous; but this is certainly not so, nor were they always of similar 
 cliaracter. " Burgh-kening," says honest Stowe, " commonly called to this day the 
 Barbicane, because in olde time the same had been a Burge-kening, or Watch- 
 tower." •* It appears that this of Gloucester was both a Burgh-kening and a Barbican ; 
 that is, both a watch-tower and a defence to the entrance of the castle. 
 
 Godric, Abbot of Winchcombc, was imprisoned by William the Conqueror in this 
 castle^. 
 
 Hugh de Munford, a Baron, who sided with the King of France against Henry I. 
 in the year 1124, during the war in Normandy, being taken prisoner, was brought to 
 England, and confined closely in this fortress, as being a Royal Castle f. 
 
 Milo (says Holinshed), son of Walter, Constable of England in the reign of Wil- 
 liam the Conqueror, was rewarded by the Empress Maud (6 Steph. II40) with the 
 castle of St. Briavel's and forest of Dean. He left issue, 1. Roger, who died without 
 issue; 2. Walter, who built in the time of Henry the First the Casties of Glocester, 
 Bristow, and Rochester, with the Tower of London [a mistake]. He died without 
 issue, and was succeeded seriatim by his brothers, Henry, William, and Mahahell, none 
 of whom left children. Their heir was Margery, wife of Humphrey de Bohuns. As 
 this statement seems to controvert history, it requires explanation. Milo was consta- 
 ble before the death of Henry I. and part of the first year of Stephen. The latter de- 
 prived him, and gave the office to Walter Beauchamp. But Milo siding with the Em- 
 press Maud, she restored him at the period mentioned''. 
 
 It seems that in the year II3S, being the early part of the rebellion against Ste- 
 phen, the King had seized this castle'. Robert Earl of Gloucester, irritated at this 
 step, invited over his sister the Empress Maud ''. Accordingly, in October II39, she 
 came to this city, and the report of her arrival being spread all over the kingdom, Milo, 
 who held the castle, as constable and sheriff, under the Earl (a term then official, 
 and synonimous with the modern lord-lieutenant), and many other nobles, with a 
 strong band of soldiers, revolted from Stephen'. Thus the whole Country, down to 
 the extremities of Wales, partly by obligation, partly by good will to the cause, came 
 in to the Empress's party, during the remaining months of the year 11 39 ■". The 
 Empress, in gratitude, further created Milo Earl of Hereford". Her brother Robert 
 brought her here, because it was the seat of his influence, and he could recruit from 
 Wales. The next paragraph shows the revolt to have been more general. 
 
 In October, 1 139, the Empress Maud came to Gloucester ; and the report of her ar- 
 rival being spread all over the kingdom, Milo, the king's constable, and many other 
 nobles, with a strong band of soldiers, revolted from Stephen". 
 
 The Londoners, preparing to appreliend the Empress Maud, she hastened to Glou- 
 
 "1 Annals, p. 233, ed. Howes. 
 i Holinshed, IH. 664, 665. 
 k Decern Scriptores, col. 23S5. 
 n Leiand's Collect. HI. 87. 
 
 e Dugd. Monast. I. 190. f Chron. Saxon, p. 227. 
 
 h Holinshed, HI. 1057. ' Id. I. S5. 
 
 1 Id. 349. m Scriptor. p. Bed. fol. 104. 
 
 o Decern Scriptores, 349. 
 
 cester
 
 THE CASTLE. I47 
 
 cester with the utmost speed, and having held counsel there with Earl Milo, returned 
 with him to Oxford P. 
 
 In 1142 Robert Earl of Gloucester marched from here to Lincoln with alargearmy, 
 and having taken the King [Stephen] brought him back to the Empress at Gloucester, 
 whence he was removed to Bristol 1. 
 
 After the capture of Robert Earl of Gloucester at Stonebridge, Milo very narrowly 
 escaped, and fled with life only to this place "■. 
 
 In 1155 Henry II. having just acceded to the throne, called a Parliament, and de- 
 termined to take measures with those who still detained the royal garrisons, in order 
 that he might extirpate all seeds of rebellion, and remove the causes of suspicion. The 
 King's intention being known, Roger, Earl of Hereford, son of the great Milo, came 
 with the utmost haste to this place, and acting under bad advice, determined to risk all 
 the dangers and inconveniences of rebellion, sooner than give up to the King's disposal 
 the tower of Gloucester and the castle of Hereford. Accordingly he stored these and 
 other his fortresses with arms, provisions, and a Welch garrison, his mother being 
 descended from that nation. Several traitors, of whom the chief was Hugh de Mor- 
 timer, had set him on to this step ; but Gilbert Foliot, Bishop of Hereford, a relation 
 of Roger, persuaded him to resign the fortresses to Henry ^ From this period, the 
 crown held the city and castle in its own hands '. 
 
 In 1230, 15 Henry III. the custody of the castle was granted to William Putort". 
 
 In the following and some succeeding years, Thomas Lord Berkeley was employed 
 by the king's commission of oyer, " as well for delivery of the gaole of Gloster upon 
 tryall of the prisoners before him, as to hear and determine divers writs of assize of 
 novel disseisin, and other actions between party and party."" It is to be observed, that 
 though the privilege of infangentheofF was used by the possessors, even to execute cri- 
 minals in their castles; yet felons, taken by indictment, at the view of frankpledge, he 
 [Thomas Lord Berkeley] only sent by his bailiffs to the king's common gaol of the 
 county y. 
 
 In 1262, 47 Hen. HI. Thomas Lord Berkeley was required to see divers men at 
 arms and foot, safely conducted to the castle of Gloucester, where they were going ^. 
 
 In 1263 the constablewick was granted to Roger de Clifford ". 
 
 In the same year, and the two following, events of the highest historical import- 
 ance ensued. The Barons' wars had commenced. The narrative of Robert of Glou- 
 cester is generally followed, as the best account ; and so it certainly is ; but the other 
 historians so far vary from him, as to render further relations necessary. In works 
 professedly intended to enter into particulars, it is necessary to be strictly chrono- 
 logical. 
 
 P Decern Scriptores, 1355. <1 Malmesb. Hist. Novell. L. II. fol. 106. 
 
 f Decern Scriplores, 1356'. " Decern Scriptores, 1377, 137fi. 
 
 « Dugdaies Baronage, 1.139,573. Hoiinshetl, II. p. 11'2. " Hot. Pip. 
 
 » Pat. IG, 17, '<!.■> Hen. III. y Sraytiie, MS. '202. » Cluus. 
 
 a Pat. 48 Hen. IH. 
 
 Anno
 
 148 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Anno 1263. Prince Edward, by stratagem, took Gloucester, together with the castle, 
 and, from hatred to the Barons, compelled them to redeem the town at the expence 
 of a thousand pounds^ In the same year, according to Trivet, Simon Montfort, the 
 commander in chief of the Barons, advanced his army towards Gloucester. The castle 
 had been committed to the care^ of Matthias de Besilles, a knight, in whose fidelity 
 the King placed the most perfect confidence. The Barons having got possession of the 
 town, made an attack upon the first gate towards the city, and broke it. Matthias 
 released the prisoners, under the hopes of their assisting his men. They, by. their 
 treachery, opening an entrance upon another part of the castle, Matthias was driven 
 to the keep. The soldiers of Simon pursuing, broke the gates, rushed in, and taking 
 Matthias prisoner, put him in chains ". The siege lasted four days ''. 
 
 Matthias, says Robert hereafter, was sent into the Marches of Wales ; to Erdesley 
 castle, according to Furney. He was committed to the custody of the bishop ^. 
 
 Sir Roger de Clifford, who was reinstated by the Barons, after the expulsion of Mat- 
 thias, in the situation of governor, resigned both castle and town to Prince Edward. 
 Sir John GifFord, of Brimpsfield, and Sir John de Balun, recovered the town in the 
 manner hereafter stated by Robert. But they did not take the castle. Therefore in 
 the same year (I264) Edward, having repaired the bridge over the Severn, which the 
 Barons had broken down, entered the castle. On the morrow, by the mediation of 
 Walter, bishop of Worcester, a truce was made between the Prince and the Lords. 
 During this truce the latter retired, and the burgesses surrendered themselves at dis- 
 cretion to Edward f; who, according to other accounts, were then fined by him in the 
 ransom of one thousand pounds e. 
 
 In 1265, Symon Montfort having gained the battle of Lewes, took Henry and Ed- 
 ward, through the results, prisoners. Gilbert, Earl of Gloucester, demanded of Symon, 
 certain noblemen whom he had taken in that battle, to which the haughty chieftain 
 insolently replied, " that it was fully sufficient that he had saved his lands for him in 
 that battle." The indignant Earl immediately took measures with Roger de Mor- 
 timer, a stedfast partizan of Edward. He cflTected his release from Hereford ; and 
 the Barons joining the Prince at Ludlow, they broke the bridges behind them, to 
 prevent pursuit, and advanced to Gloucester. They attacked and took the city, which 
 Earl Symon had excellently fortified, the garrison retreating to the castle. This was 
 surrendered in fifteen days, upon condition, that they should not in future bear arms 
 against Edward"^. 
 
 The details which now follow from Robert of Gloucester, refer only to the events 
 of the years 1263 and 1264. Not only the antiquary, but the philologist may derive 
 much gratification, from the extract, as not only exhibiting the barbarous military vio- 
 lence of manners, among our ancestors, but the English language, without the pre- 
 sent inflections of various verbs, as come for came, and other peculiarities, not within 
 
 b Contin. M. Paris, p. S51. o Triveti Annales, p. 212. <^ Contin. M. Paris, p. 851. 
 
 « Ibid. f Trivet, p. 214, 215. g Holinshed, II. 4(;o. 
 
 !' Trivet. 223, Knighton, Col. 2451. Hoiinshed, II. 460. Contin. M. Paris, S55. 
 
 the
 
 THE CASTLE. 
 
 149 
 
 the plan of this work to notice. He uniformly calls the city Gloucetre, then pro- 
 nounced most probably, as two syllables, only Glouce-tre, softened afterwards into 
 Gloster. 
 
 " A Freinss knigt was at Gloucetre, the Sserreve thorn ' the king, 
 
 Sir Maci de Besile, and constable al so. 
 
 The Barons it bespeke that it was'' nozt wel ido 
 
 A caze the pouiveance, vor hii ' nolde ™ Frenssinan non ; 
 
 Anotlier Sserreve" hii made, thorn commun conseil ech on 
 
 A knizt of the contreie, Sir William Traci, 
 
 And of thulke poer ciene jjulte out Sir Maci. 
 
 Ac Sir William Ssire puld in a Monenday 
 
 Sir Maci com iarmed, as mani man isay, 
 
 With poer isend from the court iarmed wel inou, 
 
 And even as the Ssire sat to the toune's end him drou. 
 
 Hii" alizte with dravve suerd, with matisP mani on 
 
 And with mani an hard stroc rumede hor wey anon, 
 
 Vort hii come up to the deisi, and the Sserreve vaste 
 
 Bi the top ■■ hii hente' onon, and to the grounde him caste ; 
 
 And hurlede him vorth villiche with mani stroc among, 
 
 In a foul plodde in the stret sutthe* me" him flong, 
 
 And orne=' on him mid^ hor hors and defoulede him vaste ; 
 
 And behinde a squier suthe villiche hii him caste 
 
 And to the castell him ladde thoru out the town 
 
 That ruthe it was vor to see, and caste him in prison. 
 
 Tho the tithinge^ her of come to the boronie 
 
 Hii thozte in time amendi suich vilenie. 
 
 So that Sir Roger de Clifford and Sir Jon GifFord nome* 
 
 Gret poer in somer and to Gloucetre come ; 
 
 Hii sende to Sir Maci, that he thur castell zolde 
 
 To horn and to the baronie, other hii him nime"* wolde. 
 
 Sir Maci hom sende agen, that the king him took bivore 
 
 Thun castell him to loke, mid new oth iswore 
 
 Ne that he nolde traiteur be, ne then castell never zelde 
 
 Bote the king other his sone the wulde he him mizte welde, 
 
 He adde within lute <= folk thun castell to defende 
 
 Ar blastes sone and ginnes withoute me bende. 
 
 And ssote inward vaste inou, atte laste hii sende 
 
 Al the brut'' aske'^ withoute, and the bruggc brende 
 
 ' From. 
 
 " Sheriff. 
 
 * Seized. 
 
 ^ VVhen the tidings. 
 
 ^ Was not. 
 They, 
 t (Quick, 
 a Took. 
 
 1 They. '" VVoukI not. 
 
 P Maces. 'i Higlj Table. '' Head. 
 
 " Men. X Run. >' With. 
 
 '' Take. « Few. ^ Rough. '" .^shes. 
 
 Vor
 
 150 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Vor he was al of tre ^, and Sir Maci and his 
 
 Flow in to the tour an hey, tho' hii seye this, 
 
 And defendede hom vaste, the wule bii mizte iwis 
 
 Ac vor defaute of helpe, niani man issend is, 
 
 With a quarrell s on withinne an squire then oute slou. 
 
 Sir John GifFard nor his death made deol inou ; 
 
 And tho Sir Maci was inome, and hii withinne come 
 
 An carpenter, that hii sede that ssett the ssutte"* hii nome 
 
 And ladde him upe the tour an hei, and made him huppe the grounde 
 
 He hupte and debrusede and diede in an stounde. 
 
 And Sir Roger of Clifford tho the castell in warde hadde 
 
 And hii nome Sir Maci and into marc him ladde'. 
 
 Robert next proceeds to inform us, that Sir Roger Clifford took the custody of the 
 castle upon himself, and sent Maci into the Marches. He then continues thus '' : — 
 
 Tho was the castell of Gloucetre and the toun al so 
 Thorn Sir Roger of Clifford in the kings bond ido. 
 And he astorede the castell with poer anou ; 
 And to is castell of Brumsfcld Sir John Giffard vaste drou, 
 And astorede him well inou, and joinde adde is route 
 To drive and to gader thuder god of vieizebores aboute ; 
 The stalwardest' men that me fonde to him vaste he drou 
 Andof porchas of neizebores ssipede him wel inou ; 
 Bitwene the castel of Gloucetre and Brumefeld al so 
 Ther was ofte biker gret, and much harm ido ; 
 Ac the constable of Gloucetre, as mid the king's poer 
 Held ofte in the king's name courtes ver and ner ; 
 So that at Ouedesle, withoute the town to mile 
 He let some ni an hundred, and ther he hente an gile. 
 Vor as he held this hundred, mid gret folk and onour 
 And Adam of Arderne was is chief countour ™ 
 Hii clupede Sir John Giffard, that siwte shold ther to 
 To come other he ssolde in the merci be ido. 
 He com bi a sothne, vor is men inowe, 
 Com out of Brumsfeld, and iarmed to hom drowe. 
 And assoynede" hor loverd, and to ground slowe. 
 Glad he was that might sle, as that suerd his neck gnowe" 
 
 Wood. g Xhe arrow used from cross-bows. '' Shot. 
 
 ' Marches. Committed to the custody of the bishop. Coutin M. Paris, S.-.l. 
 ^ P- 538. ' 1 The stoutest. 
 
 '» This is a count in Kelham's Norman Dictionary. Here, perhaps, steward, but v. Tit. Honor, p. ii. 
 c. V. § 4. " Excused. " Cut. 
 
 Manie
 
 THE CASTLE. 15* 
 
 Manie flewe to churche, and the constable unnethe 
 
 Atarnde alive and manie were ibrozte to dethe. 
 
 This luther bailifs, that povere men to gret wo doth sloine 
 
 Suich Giffardes asoyne icholde horn ofte come. 
 
 Wei a zer and a half thus it ferde aboute, 
 
 That ech hie man dude is fon same mid is route ; 
 
 Atte laste tho winter towarde ende drou, 
 
 At Candelmasse ech of horn gret ost nom inou ; 
 
 And Sir Roger of Clifford Gloucetre wuste al so, 
 
 And at ech zat of the town god warde let do, 
 
 Sir Jon GifFord com aday and Sir Jon de Balun there 
 
 Ride up tueye wolpakes, chapmen as hii were, 
 
 To the west zate over the brugge, and the porters bede 
 
 To late in tueie wolmongers, hor chaflfare in to lede ; 
 
 Biweved hii were bothe mid Welsse mantles tueie 
 
 Tho the zates were undo, hii hupte adovvn beye 
 
 Of hor hors, and caste hor mantles awei anon 
 
 And tho' stode hii iarmed from heved to the ton 
 
 Tho were the porters agrise sore of thulke sizte 
 
 And caste hom the keyen vawe that hii mizte 
 
 Poer ther was inou atte brugge ende. 
 
 Tho the zates were undo, hii goune thuder wende 
 
 Sir Simonde's son de Monfort, Sir Henri the hende 
 
 And mani god bodi els, as God thuder sende. 
 
 Tho the Barons adde the town, and the castell the kinge 
 
 Ther was oft betwene hom gret bikering". 
 
 He next gives this account of the recovery of the town : — 
 
 Sir Edward " toward Lente, towarde the Marche gan wende 
 
 So that an Axwednesdei al bi the west ende, 
 
 To Gloucetre he wende mid gret poer inou. 
 
 And al over the brigge to the west zate he droii ; 
 
 And assailed then town, ac the barons withinne 
 
 Defendede hom so well, that he mizte hom winne. 
 
 So that of the castell withinne com a route 
 
 Towarde the gat to helpe Sir Edwarde withoute. 
 
 Ac Grimbald Pauncefot azen hom sone com. 
 
 And mid poer hom turnde agen, and some of hom nom p. 
 
 Sir Edwarde turnde into the med, tho he ne sei other cas, 
 
 And a slipi of Tewkesburi that the Abbode's was 
 
 » p. 540. " The Prince. P Took. 'i Ship. 
 
 Bi
 
 15a HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Bi Severne wende ther, sone he it nom, 
 
 And ther inne bi the water in to the castell com. 
 
 Anon so he was withinne, upe the tour an hey 
 
 He arerde his baner, that me wide isey ■■ 
 
 Tho the baruns that isei sori hii were ech on. 
 
 In the toun half thun castell hii asailede anon, 
 
 And hii withinne casten out mid hor ginnes vaste 
 
 So that bitwene hom the biker longe ilaste. 
 
 Sir Jon GifFard from Brumesfeld thuder sone com 
 
 To the castel mede without toun thun wei sone he nom. 
 
 And the castel brugge out of the mede he barnde from then ende 
 
 To the Tu brugge* along vor me* ne ssolde out wende. 
 
 Manie was the vair" biker, and the vair asaut al so, 
 
 That bitwene the castel and the toune oft was ido. 
 
 Sir Edward and is poer ofte were withinne 
 
 Upe the pointe to smiten out, bataile to beginne. 
 
 Ac the bissop Water of Wurcetre ofte bitwene wende 
 
 And the Abbot Reinaud of Gloucetre, as God hem grace sende ; 
 
 And destourbede the bataile, ac non accord ther nas 
 
 Ac biker and slazt and ssetinge bitwene hom ofte was. 
 
 So that Sir Edward a day and is men hom lete arme 
 
 To wende out and bataille do, al mest go grete harme. 
 
 Tho seie hii out of the toun the erl Roberd of Ferers 
 
 Atte tounes ende come with noble men and fers. 
 
 Ac from warde Teuskesburi iarmed wel ech on 
 
 Hors and men al preste", bataille to do anon. 
 
 Tho Sir Edward this isey, nothing was he glad 
 
 Vor me sede that he nas of no man so sore adrad ; 
 
 Un iarmed out he wende to the barons well stille 
 
 And anon made accord and graunted al hor wille ; 
 
 And made fourm so inou, and suor is well to holde 
 
 Tho hii adde al hor wil, the barons were well bolde, 
 
 The erl Roberd of Ferrers, tho he thuder com 
 
 He was nei vor wrathe wod y that me eni accord nom. 
 
 He smot stede with the spore, and al is compainie 
 
 And wende him vor wraththe agen so quic so he migte liie, 
 
 Ech bar ^ him eke amorwe out of toun drou, 
 
 And of the fourme that hii made wende be siker * inou '^ 
 
 ' P. 542. Men could see it afar. 
 » Ready. y Mad. 
 
 s Town-br 
 
 idge. 
 
 t Men. 
 
 " Fair. 
 
 z Baron. 
 
 
 a Secure—sure. 
 
 l> P. 543. 
 
 Tho
 
 THE CASTLE. 153 
 
 Tho Sir Edward and his folc were all maistres ther, 
 
 Vor the burgeis of toun lete in baruns er, 
 
 He let die into al the toun, that bourgeis that wolde 
 
 In the castell come to is peis, god pais habbe he ssolde. 
 
 Gladdore nere the burgeis nevere in hore live 
 
 Than vor this gude worde hie hiede thuder blive. 
 
 Tho hii were all come, the zates me made vaste, 
 
 And brouzte him bivore Sir Edward tho hii were sore agaste : 
 
 Me acoupede^ hom harde inou, and suhtlie atte laste 
 
 As theves and traitors in strong prison me hom caste. 
 
 Withoute mete and drinke there hii laie longe 
 
 In sorwe and care and loked wan hii were an honge. 
 
 Sir Roger of Clifford the porters vaste nom, 
 
 That porters were atte zate, tho Jon Giffard is com. 
 
 As Hobekin of Lodelowe and is felawes also 
 
 And let hom upe the west gate an honge both to. 
 
 Evere lokede this burgeis, wan hii were forth idrive 
 
 Prestles^ hom was wel wo, that hii nere issrive''. 
 
 Robert of Caumpedene, that hosebond "^ was on 
 
 Vor he was a lute'' clerc, he shrof hom ech on. 
 
 Atte last Sir Edward of hom gret raunsoun 
 
 Nom, and let hom go alive, and destrued al then town*. 
 
 Ac the fourme that he made aze the barons bivore 
 
 He bel^vede as dene, thei the oth were iswore 
 
 To Oxenford he wende vorth, &c. 
 
 This surrender was attended by the following writ from the crown, in favour of the 
 Barons : — King Henry III. (say the close rolls of the fiftieth of this king^ ) wrote to 
 Lord Berkeley, reciting, that whereas Geffry de Lucy and his knights did render up 
 the castle of Gloucester to his son, Prince Edward, upon condition and his son's pro- 
 mises, that they should go free from danger, and enjoy their lands and estates without 
 forfeiture, provided they afterwards continued faithful, which they had done ; and 
 whereas he had granted to this Lord Berkeley their lands in fee simple, contrary to 
 that agreement; — he by this writ requires this lord to deliver back their lands to 
 them, notwithstanding his said grant, which if he neglected to do, he commands his 
 sheriffs of the counties where the lands lay, to enter upon these lands, and grant them 
 seisin. The above Geffrey, after the defeat of the Barons at Evesham, escaped to 
 Gloucester, and took possession of the castle '. 
 
 '^ Accostetl. » Without priests. 
 
 '■ Confess. To die without confession was deemed very disgraceful. « Housekeeper. 
 
 d Little. c P. 544. f MS. Smythe. 5 MS. Snell. 
 
 X The
 
 154 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 The same rolls of the fifty-fifth of this reign, as of the sixth of his son Edward, par- 
 don Roger Clifibrd for his rebellion. 
 
 Thomas Lord Berkeley was however fined ^.20 for joining Roger Clifford in this 
 rebellion, before the Justices itinerant at Gloucester •». 
 
 In the 25 Ed. I. the castle was ordered to be safely kejjt, on account of the private 
 conventicles, and plots of certain noblemen '. 
 
 Two years after, in 1299, during the absence of the keeper of the castle, all the 
 Scots prisoners here escaped, and carried ofl" much armour, which they had found''. 
 It seems, that in the reign of Henry IV. Lord Berkeley bought of Henry Talbot 
 twenty-four Scottish prisoners taken by him ; so that it was a custom to buy prisoners 
 of war upon speculation, on account of the ransom '. 
 
 Lord Berkeley, 6 Ed. II. built anew one of the gate-houses of his castle of Berkeley, 
 during which time (all the winter and spring) he withdrew to this castle, of which he 
 had the keeping, and there kept house with his provisions from Berkeley, thus saving 
 as much as the building cost "\ 
 
 This same year Maurice, [3d] Lord Berkeley, was made sole conservator of the 
 peace here, and governour of the town, and heard and determined such corpplaints in 
 criminal causes as were committed in that town and the liberty thereof" ; for the con- 
 stables of castles were judges of life and property, which often occasioned violent quar- 
 rels between the inhabitants of cities or towns, and the garrisons. At Bristol the citizens 
 once erected forts against the castle °. 
 
 Gilbert Talbot was appointed constable p. 
 
 The patent rolls of the next year give the office to R. Damorie. Whether he enjoyed 
 the office or not I cannot tell, for the patent rolls of the sixteenth of the same king'' 
 appoint Hugh Despencer governor of the castle and barton there, and command Gilbert 
 Talbot to surrender that trust to him. 1 Ed. III. Thomas Earl of Lancaster seized 
 the town and castle, but deserted both upon hearing of the king's approach "■. 
 
 The same rolls of the 2d Edward III. says Mr. Smythe, record, that the King, then 
 at Gloucester, by the assent of Isabel his mother, committed to Maurice Berkeley the 
 custody of the castle and town of Gloucester, to hold at pleasure, with a mandate to all 
 officers " to be ayding to him therein, as need should be." 
 
 Thomas de Bradston, say the patent rolls of the thirty-third of Edward III. was 
 appointed to this office, and the inquisitions p. mart, of the thirty-fourth of this King* 
 say, that he held for his life the castle of Gloucester, and a meadow called Castelmede, 
 and Tyne, called Castel-coale, from the grant of the King. 
 
 •' Claus. 55 Hen. III. i Close-rolls, Ryley's Placita Parliamentaria, 473. 
 
 1; Angl. Sacr. I. 524. 1 Sinythe's Berkeleys, MS. 435. 
 
 "> Sinythe's Lives, ]). 180. IMS. Veel. n Pat. G Ed. II. " Smythe, 045. 
 
 P Fin. 10 Ed. II. 
 
 1 lloger Damorie was arrested for treason this year, (Pat. 16. Ed. II.) so that Gilbert Talbot might 
 havebeena temporary constable. r Rot. Pari. 1 Ed. III. * N'>6'1. 
 
 'i'he
 
 THE CASTLE. 155 
 
 The inquisitions p. mart, of the forty-fifth of this King say, tlvat James son of 
 James de Audele, held of the grant of the King the constablewick for life, with the 
 same lands as Thomas de Bradston is said to have held in the preceding record. The 
 patent rolls of the fiftieth of this King grant the office to John de Beaucharnp for 
 life. He was most unjustly attainted in the next reign, and the patent rolls of the 
 sixteenth of the weak Richard appoint Sir William Beaucharnp to the office. 
 
 In 1386, King Richard II. committed to different prisons for safe custody various 
 suspected lords; among others Robert Tresylian, the chief justiciary (the prime mi- 
 nister in those days) was destined to this castle'. 
 
 It has been usually supposed, that clerks were not amenable to the civil power ; but 
 an instance (as do others) connected with this castle shows the contrary. 12 Richard 
 II. Tho. Lord Berkeley " was commaunded to proclayme the keepinge of the King's 
 peace at Whitendon and other places adjoyninge, according to the statute of North- 
 ampton, for not doing whereof proces went against him for that omission and contempt. 
 But upon oath, taken in Chancery, that hee received not the commission, nor heard 
 thereof, the proces by the King's comaund doth cease ; howbeit this soe awaked him, 
 that within one month after hee sent divers, both priests and laymen, to the comon 
 gaole of Glouc' as theyr supplicavits for their bayles, body for body, doe declare."" 
 
 Sir William Beauchamp was succeeded by Thomas Lord Le Despencer ; and the 
 Trinitatis Recorda of the second of Henry IV. order Constance his lady to account for 
 the profits of it. 
 
 The PaschcE Recorda of the next year order William Maunchestre to account for 
 ^6. 135. 4d. of the issues of this castle. 
 
 Humphrey Duke of Gloucester held it ; (for it seems to have been a kind of courtesy, 
 for some time, to have conferred the office upon the Dukes, or heirs of the Earldom 
 of Gloucester) ; and the patent rolls of the twenty-fourth of Henry VI. grant the con- 
 stablewick to John Beauchamp, of Powys, Knt. with a certain meadow, called Castyl- 
 mede, with the Barbican, and a certain profit, called Castlecovel, after the death of 
 the above Humphrey, with the right of appointing the subconstables, porters, and 
 other servants. 
 
 This grant was to him and his heirs, but they did not enjoy it ; for the patent rolls 
 of the first of Edward IV. say, that it was granted to Richard Duke of Gloucester. 
 
 During the great Berkeley law suit, the Countess of Shrewsbury, through the m- 
 fiuence of her husband, the great Talbot, came here, and had the lady of James Lord 
 Berkeley imprisoned, and so she died in this castle of ill treatment, in 1452 J^. 
 
 Here terminate all memorials of its grandeur ; for Archdeacon Furney observes, that 
 by statute of the nineteenth Henry VII. the greater part of it was settled in the sheriff"; 
 but that some part of the buildings were held b}' private persons by lease from the 
 crown, which persons are ai>pointed constables in consequence, as appears by the pa- 
 
 t Decern Scriptores, c. ^'05. " Smytlie's IJerkeleys, A5S, p. 473. 
 
 » Bill in Cane. 4 Ed. IV. Smythe, 503. 
 
 tent
 
 156 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 tent rolls of the third of Henry VHI. which nominate Richard Compton to this office. 
 — John Philpotts, Esq. is the present constable. 
 
 A part was used as the county-jail, till 17S4. Martin, who wrote in 1759, saysy, 
 " The County Goal [read Gaol], which is the remains of the castle, built by Fitz- 
 Osborn, Earl of Hereford, stands on the outside of the town, near the Severn, and is 
 remarkably large and airy." What a wretched poor remain it was, is shown in the Old 
 Plan of the City. 
 
 Of the New Prison, see under Modern Gloucester. 
 
 ABBEY OF ST. PETER. 
 
 THE early history of this Abbey, as derived from its Chronicles and Registers, is a 
 singular instance of monastick embellishment. 
 
 Osrick, Viceroy of Mercia, under King Ethelred, is stated to have founded a Nun- 
 nery here in 671 ^, by the advice of Bosel, Bishop of Worcester. Osrick then consti- 
 tuted his sister Kyneburgh Queen of the Mercians, the first Abbess, who died and was 
 buried here in 7 10. The second Abbess is said to be Edburga, Queen of Wulfer, also 
 interred here ; and the third, Eva, wife either of Wulfer, or of his brother Ethelred. 
 
 As to Osrick, also said to have been buried here, he was a traitor and regicide, who 
 came to an untimely end, on or about the period of his death mentioned in the Abbey 
 Chronicles*; but his interment here is very questionable, from the silence of the old 
 historians. 
 
 Kyneburgh was daughter of Penda, King of Mercia'', and Osrick son of Aldfrid. 
 King of Northumberlflnd '^. She was not therefore his sister. She was foundress of 
 Castor in Northamptonshire, where she was buried, beyond doubt '•. Her concern 
 with Gloucester can only be explained by a custom of the age; her brother Ethelred 
 placed his niece Werburga, as Abbess, over three several monasteries, and she died at 
 one, and was buried at another'^; and in this view, Kyneburgh might have been Ab- 
 bess of Gloucester, for she had a concern with that house. 
 
 Edburga was not the widow of Wulpher, but Ermenilda, who became a nun of 
 Ely f. As to the third Abbess, 
 
 y Nat. Hist. England, i. 356. 
 
 « So Glouc. Abb. Keg. A. p. 9. MSS. Prinn. correct to 6'81, as XV. Scriptor. p. 241 ; soon after whicli 
 the church was consecrated. a Scriptor. p. Bed. f. 10. b. Ed. 1596. 
 
 I" XV. Scriptor. 2'29. c Praef. Sim. Dunelm, (not paged), in Decern Scriptores. 
 
 <1 Lei. Collect. I. 48. Chron. Saxon, p. 34. « XV. Scriptor. p. 240. 
 
 f XV Scriptor. 240. X Scriptor. 773. 
 
 Ev.
 
 ABBEY OF ST. PETER. 157 
 
 Eva, queen of Wulpher or Ethelred, she could not have been the first, and the 
 name of the latter's consort was Ostrith s. 
 
 Tradition from the British history places the presumed temple of Claudius, built by 
 Arviragus, near the north aile of the cathedral, but the monks would have recorded the 
 discovery of remains, as those of Westminster did the temple of Apollo on the site of 
 the abbey. The British historians are mere king's evidences, not to be accredited with- 
 out collateral testimony. 
 
 The real history of the first foundation seems to be this. Furney mentions a British 
 monastery here, whither several scholars fled, upon the interdict made against the Pela- 
 gians for heresy. In the reign of Wulpher, Mercia was infested with the most invete- 
 rate heathenism ; but his Queen, Ermenilda, allowed him no rest till she had filled the 
 kingdom with churches ''. It was also the rule with the early Anglo-Saxon Christian 
 Kings, to devote anew to religious purposes the consecrated places deserted by the 
 British clergy '. William of Malmesbury states, that Kyneburgh received the habit of 
 a nun in a monastery which her brothers Wulpher and Ethelred had builtj. Thus 
 the national historian supports the affirmation of the Abbey Chronicle, that Wulpher, 
 fixing, as jjresumed, upon a sj)ot, sanctified in the British aera, began a Nunnery, (be- 
 cause there were male religious at St. Oswald's), which nunnery was continued by his 
 brother and successor Ethelred, and completed under his sanction, and by means of 
 his bounty by his Viceroy Osrick. 
 
 That there might be abbesses of the respective names of Kyneburgh, Eadburgh, and 
 Eva, is certainly possible, and they might, and probably were, persons of rank, from 
 the customs of the times ; but the whole account of the Abbey historians cannot be 
 received, because it is flatly disproved by the national annalists. 
 
 After the death of Eva, the Abbey Chronicle jiroceeds to state, that the monastery 
 remained without an abbess or any government for the space of fifty years : because the 
 wars of the Kings under the Heptarchy had expelled the nuns ''. They are said to have 
 continued for eighty-six years'. This expulsion Abbot Malvern ascribes to the wars of 
 Egbert : 
 
 Through war of King Egberte, the year or season 
 Of our Lord seven hundred threescore and seven. 
 And the nuns then ravished from hence were driven "'. 
 
 The Abbey Chronicle pretends that the nuns fled in various directions to avoid the 
 war, and sin, but in this age monasteries were very corrupt. As to the wars of Egbert, 
 they are long posterior to the flight of the nuns", and the Chronicle simply states 
 the desertion of the house, and the discord and confusion which obtained through 
 
 K Chron. Saxon, 44, 49. h Dei:em. Scriptor. 772. 
 
 ' Eddius Vit. Wilfrid, c. 16. XV. Scriptor. p. CO. j Scriptor. p. Bed. ]). 14. 
 
 k MS. Cott. Domit. A. VIII. ' Vita Abbat. S. Pctr. dc Glouc. MS. Queen's Coll. Libr. Oxoii. F. 
 
 '" Robert of Gloucester, II. 5S0. " Chron. Saxon, p. 70. 
 
 the
 
 158 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 the quarrels of the kings, till the accession of Egbert to the sole power, in order to 
 secure peace to the nation at large. 
 
 The compendious Memorial, printed by Dugdale", says, that after the Monastery 
 had remained in a deserted and desolate state for fifty years, Bernulph, King of the 
 Mercians, rebuilt it, and changed its form. He introduced Secular Canons, who were 
 preachers and clerks, many of them married men, and little differing from laymen in 
 their dress and habits. However, he placed them, as far as he was able, under a rule, 
 and re-annexed to the house the estates originally given to the Nuns. 
 
 Abbot Malvern says, 
 
 " The right-redoubtcd Bernulphe King of the Marches, 
 Moved with pity of his most bounteous grace, 
 With great lands and liberties this house did increase, 
 And settled here secular Canons."? 
 
 This new foundation took place in the year 821 ; and two years after, Bernulph "i, 
 through having, says Holinshed'', ^a^ soldiers, not nimhle and lean men, like those of 
 Egbert, was defeated at Ellendon, and killed by the East Angles. 
 
 Of these Canons very little is recorded, except a contention between them and the 
 religious of Worcester, concerning the remains of the Saxon saint, Kenelm*, son of 
 Cenwulf, King of Mercia, who died in 8 If) : Kenelm had been basely murdered by his 
 sister Quendred, and according to the ancient custom alluded to by S. Paul*, miracles 
 were pretended to have been wrought about his body. The acquisition of this corpse 
 was therefore a profitable speculation in those days ; and the dispute, says the Golden 
 Legend, was settled in this extraordinary manner : — " Whan the body was above the 
 erthe, there fylle a stryfe bytwene theym of Worcettershyre and Glocetreshyre, who 
 sholde have this body. And thenne a full good man was there amonge them gave con- 
 seylle yt all the peple sholde lye downe, and slepe and reste theym. For the weder 
 was thenne ryght bote. And wyche of the two shyres that God wolde shold fyrst 
 awake, they to take this body and goo theyr waye. And all the peple aggreed thereto, 
 and layd them downe to slepe. And it happed yt the Abbot of Wynchecombe and all 
 his men awoke fyrst. And they toke up the holy body, and bare it forthe towarde 
 Wynchecombe." " 
 
 We hear no more of this Abbey, till 86-2, (as Archdeacon Furney), when Burghred, 
 King of the Mercians, confirmed to them various estates, which had been given by 
 preceding sovereigns. 
 
 Malmesbury " and Dugdale have most strangely mixed up the history of St. Oswald's 
 with that of St. Peter's Abbey, about this period. 
 
 This society of Clerks continued for two hundred and fiftv-five years, but there 
 were perpetual contentions till the accession of Edgar >. 
 
 " Monast. I. 993, 99-J. p Robert of Gloucester, ubi svpra. 1 Chion. Sax. p. 70. 
 
 ' I. 657. s Lei. Collect. 1.315. t Whitby's Cominent. 1. Tim. c. iv. v. 1. 
 
 " Golden Legend, fol. cxii. « Script, p. Bed. 161. b. copied into the Monasticon. 
 
 y Queens Coll. MS. MS. Cott. Domit. A. VIll. 
 
 In
 
 ABBEY OF ST. PETER. 159 
 
 In the year 1022, King Canute changed the Clerks, according to Leland, to Secular 
 Canons^; others say, to Benedictine Monks; but the Abbey Chronicle only says, 
 that Wulstan, Bishop of Worcester, by assent of King Canute, placed the Clerks un- 
 der the protection of God, and the Apostles Peter and Paul, and the rule of Benedict, 
 bv which we are merely to infer, that then they received a stated monastick form of 
 living, founded upon the rule mentioned '': for Leland further observes, that Monks 
 were introduced by William the Conqueror. 
 
 The Compendiary Memorial, compiled since the dissolution, says, that Canute 
 ejected these Clerks and Preachers, and introduced regular Monks of the Benedictine 
 Order, which so offended the governor and inhabitants of Gloucester, that they in their 
 turn expelled the monks, of whom seven were killed by a certain Wulphin Le Rue, 
 then governor of the town, between Churcham and Gloucester. In punishment of 
 his offence, he was compelled to maintain seven Monks there, at his own expence. 
 It is probable, that in order to instruct the Clerks who chose to remain in the Bene- 
 dictine Rule, a certain number of Monks was introduced, and as many of the former 
 religious expelled, who were related, or otherwise allied, to the townsmen. By this 
 supposition we reconcile the conflicting statements; for Formarii or Pattern-monks, 
 drill-serjeants in their profession, were usual in abbeys ; and it was common to expel 
 for non-conformity. An end was soon put to the new establishment by fire'', the 
 probable work of some irritated incendiary, or general dislike. 
 
 As the history of the Abbey from this period proceeds regularly, we shall go on in 
 series according to the Abbots. 
 
 EURIC. — The first Abbot was one Edric, who sold certain estates to redeem the rest 
 from the severe tax of Hcregild, then imposed over the whole nation. In witness of 
 this deed, is " the whole congregation of the Old Monaster)/, and Anna, Abbot, (not 
 Ahhess, as Archdeacon Furney), of St. Oswald's," He stiles hiniself Abbot in Ealdan- 
 hame<=, vvhich the Archdeacon presumes to refer to the Old Monastery, in distinction 
 from the New Minster, built by Aldred, whereas it alludes to St. Oswald's, recently 
 built by Elfrida: for Aldred's Church was not then in existence. The passage how- 
 ever shows the high antiquity of the existing Abbey at the time: but it not only sus- 
 tained this loss, by Edric, but others in the contentions of Canute and Edmund Iron- 
 side''. Edric quitted the place before his death, and was buried elsewhere*. 
 
 WULS TAN. — The fire having nearly destroyed the whole Abbey, Aldred Bishop of 
 Worcester began the foundation of a new Church, a little more remote from the old 
 one, and more contiguous to the city "^ ; converting the remains of the old fabrick 
 into the Infirmary. The form of the old Church on Osrick's Monument, is so 
 much in the stile of Stukeley, and other very ancient churches, as probably to be a 
 
 » CoUoct. I. 83. 
 
 " Tin; Quoen's College MS. says, that Wolstan, Bishop of Worcester, unilcr Canute in Wl'i, i)laced the 
 Clerks rcgularhi in the Church. Dr. Hall. So that they only adopted a rule. 
 
 •' Memorial in Dugdale, I. 994. « ^"^^"'s Coll. MS. F. •' Diigd. I. 994, 
 
 « Queen's Coll. MS.— Dr. llall. f Queen's Coll. MS.— Dr. Hull. 
 
 resemblance
 
 l6o HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 resemblance of its actual form ; a cross with a stumpy tower. That this opinion is 
 well-founded, appears from the old Church being in existence in the time of Leland, 
 who says that he saw the remains^. It has been said, that no part of the present 
 Church is the work of Aldred, but that it stood in what is now called the Grove. 
 Of this opinion elsewhere. The Abbey Chronicle states, that Aldred built the Church 
 anew from its foundations, and dedicated it to St. Peter. The Annals of Worcester 
 confirm this account, observing that it was the principal church in Gloucester''. It 
 was finished on October 7th, in the ninth year of the reign of Edward the Confessor, 
 says the Compendiary Memorial ; but all others, in the seventeenth, that is, in IO58'. 
 He also restored the Monks, who were but few, because he had sequestrated some of 
 the abbatial estates, on account, as he pretended, of the expences of the building; but, 
 according to the Abbey Chronicle, for the means of extending his hospitality : and in 
 truth, he carried off by fraud some of the manors of the See of Worcester besides J. 
 He appointed one Wulstan, a Monk of Worcester, Abbot, who died on a pilgrimage 
 to Jerusalem, in IO72. Furney adds, that he was buried under the yew tree in the 
 middle of the plot of the Cloisters, on account of wasting the possessions of the Mo- 
 nastery. Aldred set out on the same expedition '', and dying, was buried on the South 
 side of the choir. The Royal Confessor was, no doubt, chiefly concerned in this new 
 fabric, for, besides considerable benefactions, he often staid at Gloucester, and held 
 a parliament in the long workshop of the Abbey'. 
 
 SERLO. — William the Conqueror, who often resided here, was a considerable 
 benefactor to this Abbey, for he gave to it some estates which Harold had taken from 
 the Church of Wells™. He placed Serlo his chaplain in the Abbey when it became 
 vacant in IO72, by the recommendation of Osmund his chancellor. Such was the de- 
 cay of the house, that upon his accession to the office he found only two adult monks 
 and eight youths". " How much," says Malmesbury, "the grace of God, conspiring 
 with his industry, elevated the place, what eloquence can sufficiently explain ? The 
 management of the Abbey in spirituals is what the weak may look up to, and the 
 strong not despise. This was effected by the discijjline of Serlo, a man humble to the 
 good, menacing and terrible to the proud °." In 1077 he obtained the assistance of 
 Odo, who becoming cellarer, was very instrumental in increasing the estates of the 
 Abbey. He recovered Frocester, Coin Alvvins, and other manors, which had been 
 alienated; and first obtained 1000 days of pardon for the Church P. Ten years after, 
 
 e Collect. IV. 159. li AngliaSacr. I. 474. ' Anglia Sacr. I. 474, and Scriptor. post Bed. p. 255. 
 
 j Anglia Sacr. I. 474. 
 
 k He was the first English Bishop who made that tour. " Aldrediis posinioduni mare transiit ; per 
 Hungarian! profectus est Hierosolyniam ; tpiod nullus Episcopiis vel .'Vrchiepiscopus Anglise eatenus dinosci- 
 tur fecisse." (Queen's Coll. MS. — Dr. Hull. ' Dugdale, I. 994. m Angl Sacr. I. 550. 
 
 n Queen's Coll. MS. Duos ibi tunc jierfectse tetatis, et circiler S ju\enes pueros invcniens. — Dr. Hall. 
 
 " Script, post Bed. f. IGl. b. 
 
 P " Sed et Froucestre cum Culna Sti Elwini qua; alicnata fucrant cum aliis maneriis . . . . impetraxit. 
 Hie idem primus ad(iuisivit liuic Ecclesia; mille dies relaxationis, A.D. 1077. suscei)it liabitum religionis 
 sub. dom. Seilone Abbate venerabilis Odo prius Celaiii functus officio." Queen's Coll. MS. — Dr. Hall. 
 
 according
 
 ABBEY OF ST. PETER. i6i 
 
 according to Archdeacon Fiirney, the Abbey was burnt down. It is to be observed 
 that the Archdeacon quotes for this fire in 1087 the Monasticon, which only mentions 
 that in 11021. 
 
 At the dedication of the new Church, Wulstan Bishop of Worcester preached a 
 sermon, strongly recommending peace. Some of the auditors, who indulged the most 
 violent enmities, were affected by it, and reproached each other, or rather were ofiended, 
 and offered mutual insults. One, in particular, could not be induced by any advice or 
 persuasion to pardon his enemy the murder of his brother. He was brought before the 
 Bishop, but continued inflexible. The Prelate then spoke thus: "Our Lord said in the 
 Gospel, 'Blessed are the peaceful, for they shall be called the sons of God.' It is there- 
 fore evident that if the peace-makers are blessed, and the sons of God, the quarrelsome 
 are miserable, and sons of the Devil. I commend you therefore to him whose son you 
 are, and deliver you to Satan, for the destruction of the flesh, according to the precept 
 of the Ajjostle, that your soul may be saved in the day of the Lord." The saint had 
 scarcely finished his speech when the wretch began to gnash with his teeth, to foam 
 at the mouth, and his hair to twirl about: at last he rolled raving mad on the ground. 
 Wulstan, being requested to take pity on him, hesitated; but at length, being pressed 
 and overcome by the tears of the spectators, ordered the devil to dejjart. He went 
 away with the same ease as he came; and the man, returning to his senses, and being 
 warned to repent of his crime, with wonderful assurance refused. He was therefore 
 subjected to a second ])unishment, and second cure, but still was hardened. A third 
 time the trial was made, and when entirely deprived of the use of his limbs by the 
 devil, and had almost expired, he consented to be reconciled, and remained safe and 
 sound to the day of his death ■■. * No doubt of it can be entertained, because the trick 
 of hiring this fellow for the purj)ose is plain. 
 
 William the Conqueror, in the last year of his reign, repaired and enlarged the 
 Monastery, which was in a state of decfiy. Serlo augmented the number of monks to 
 one hundred, and recovered the estates which had been pledged to the Archbishop of 
 York. Thus the Abbey Chronicle, as printed inDugdale; but the fhial concord did 
 not ensue till the time of Abbot Hameline, as will appear hereafter. According to the 
 manners of the times, in the year 10^5 Thomas Archbishop of York is affirmed to have 
 made this restitution in the Chaj)ter-house, with the stage-trick of kneeling and beating 
 his breast, and grievously lamenting'' ; without any compunction for the Canons of St. 
 Oswald, who claimed the lands'. 
 
 In 1102 the Church was burned with the City. The Annals of Winchester confirm 
 this statement of the Abbey Chronicle'. Churches are commonly insulated, and con- 
 
 1 As does the Queen's Coll. MS. hereafter quoted. 
 
 r W. Malmesb. ile Vita Wulstani. Aiigl. Saer. II. 258, cojiiccl into liis oilier work, Dc Gest. Pontif. 1. IV 
 Script, p. Bed. f. IGO. s Abbey Chronicle. 
 
 t Tliere is good rea.'.on to think that the Canons of St. Oswald were nnich injured by the Monks of St. 
 Peter's; for in 12IS the co.-itcniion wa-, adjusted, mentioned under that Priory; whieh contention infers that 
 the Monks of St. Peter's ab=(dutely built upon ground belonging to the Priory. * Angl- ■'^'•cr. I. 297. 
 
 Y tain
 
 162 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 tain few combustible articles, so that the damage was probably small. Serlo died in 
 1 104, leaving behind him a very high character, founded upon merit". According to 
 the superstition of the times, he and Girald Abbot of Tewkesbury visited Wulstan Bi- 
 shoj) of Worcester, then lying upon his death-bed, and received from him absolution". 
 Godfrey Prior of Winchester was a great friend of Abbot Serlo, and favoured him with 
 this distich by way of epitaph y : 
 
 Ecclesue miirus cecidit, Serlone cadente, 
 Virtutis gladhis, buccina Justit'ue. 
 The wall of the Church has fallen, Serlo falling, 
 The sword of Virtue, the clarion of Justice. 
 
 In the Abbey Registers more verses of the same puerile kind are tacked on to this 
 distich, and printed by Furney. The Archdeacon adds, that he translated hither the 
 relicks of St. Arild, a virgin martyred at Thornbury. Of Serlo it may be truly said, 
 that he was the founder of all the subsequent greatness of the Monastery, because he 
 was a favourite of the Conqueror, and thus had much influence. He was buried under 
 a marble tomb on the South side of the Presbytery. 
 
 PETER. — In 1104 Peter Prior of the Abbey succeeded Serlo. He enriched the 
 Convent with a valuable collection of books^. The Annals of Winchester say, that he 
 received the Abbey (meaning the ceremony of benediction, which confirmed his au- 
 thority) in 1107. He died in III3, and was succeeded by 
 
 WILLIAM'' GODEMON, or GODEMOK, a mere appellation from his character, 
 the Chroniclers calling him only "William a Monk of the House''." He rec^ved the 
 benediction in the Cathedral Church of Worcester. The Sacrist obtained his rich cope 
 and vestment for a fee; and he handsomely feasted the Convent^. 
 
 During his abbacy, on the 8 id. March, 1122, while the Monks were singing Mass, 
 and the Deacon had begun the Gospel, " Jesus passing %," lightning set fire to the 
 steeple, and the whole Monastery and all its treasures were burnt, except a few books 
 and three sacerdotal robes '^. Here we have a trait of the superstition of the times, in 
 noting the coincidence of the fire with the recitation of the above passage in the Gospel. 
 But in other accounts the damage is smaller. The Lives of the Abbots at Queen's 
 College only say, that the City with a part of the Monastery was burnt ^. 
 
 •J " A. D. 1 101 Henricus Cleiicus Rex Angl. Jedit Manerium de Maysmore, et silvam et planum cam omn. 
 pert. Et an. 1 102 Eccles. igne cremata est cum Civitate. Post quod Serlo teiras multas et pecunias adqui- 
 sierat, viz. Ledene, Lynkeholt, Dontesborne, et molendinum in Stonhouse, Glasebury, Sotteshore, Nym- 
 desfelde, Cleynoie, Lytlclton, Aspeilone, Clyffovd, et Eccles. S. Petri Hereford — Seldenam in Devone- 
 schire. Carne solutus est Serlo A. D. 1 104, relinquens post se centum Monachos in Conventu." Queen's 
 Coll. MS.— Dr. Hall. 
 
 X Will Malmesb. de Vita VVulstani. Angl. Sacr. 11.267. V Leland de Scriptoribus, p. 159. 
 
 z " Petius secundus Abbas post Conquestum — Claustrum copia librorum ditavit." Queen's Coll. MS. — 
 Dr. Hall. a Anglia Sacra, I. '297, 475. 
 
 b Annal. Winton. Anna!. Wigorn. c Angl. Sacr. I. 475. <^ Chron. Sax. 223. 
 
 e "A. D. 112'2 Civ. Glouc. cum parte Monas^'^ S id. Mar. (Feb. 4) dcnuo conflngravit inccndio an. reg. 
 Anglor. Henr. 22." Queen's Coll. MS.— Dr. Hall. 
 
 Here
 
 ABBEY OF ST. PETER. 163 
 
 Here it is worth while to pause, because some light is thus thrown upon the then 
 existing form of the Abbey. In the drawings h-oni contemporary illuminations, faith- 
 fully taken by Strutt f, the spires (or steeples, as they are still called) are composed of 
 shingles, or wooden tiles, a most ancient kind of roofing?. Such, to the present day, 
 is the spire of Childerditch in Essex, the interior being mere timber-beams placed 
 endways, and terminating conically in a point. It was also a custom to enter upper 
 chambers by a rude wooden stair-case without, sheltered by a ])entice **. By these 
 means alone could lightning set fire to the buildings of this age; and through the 
 small extent of the damage thus done we can alone explain the speedy resuscitation 
 of these fabricks. One of these wooden spires then, jilainly, (as in other places) was 
 either the summit of, or substitute for, a high and large tower. However, to make the 
 fire of the Abbey as extensive as affirmed, it is necessary to consider the offices of the 
 Abbey as mostly composed of timber and frame- work, the usual method of building 
 houses, still to be seen. Parapet-walls of brick or stone check the progress of fire; 
 and the mere conflagration of the church and steeple could not otherwise have had 
 the effect described. 
 
 During his abbacy the Lives record an instance of ignorance and indelicacy amount- 
 ing to blasphemy. In the time of this Abbot began first to be celebrated among us in 
 England the solemnity of the Conception of the Firgin 3Jart/\ 
 
 In the year II30 William [Godcmon] is said to have resigned, and to have had a 
 license to appoint his successor, who was 
 
 WALTER DE LACY, a man of high family, being of the blood royal. He was 
 chaplain to Abbot Godemon, who was probably induced by influence to resign in his 
 favour. 
 
 During his abbacy King Henry I., not much grieving, says M. Paris, at the suicide 
 of Robert Duke of Normandy, ordered his body to be reverently interred at the Con- 
 ventual Church of Gloucester l'. Robert was a man of enthusiasm and bravery, whose 
 head was in subjection to his heart; and he was, of course, easily supplanted by his 
 brother, a man of common sense and calculation. It is said, but denied by Sir Robert 
 Atkins, that his brother the King basely first put out his eyes, and that, sending him 
 a garment accidentally torn, Robert took it as an insult, and pined to death. Havmg 
 been a benefactor to this House, and charity having full operation where interest is not 
 concerned, his corpse was interred in this Abbey; but no attempt at miracles and 
 canonization was made concerning him, because it would have injured the po])ulanty 
 of his reigning brother. Yet, as a Crusader, he better deserved the honour than such a 
 mere weak man of luxury and folly as was the second Edward. 
 
 In 1139 died this Abbot Walter de Lacy', and was succeeded by an eminent and 
 learned, but singular and not amiable man, 
 
 f Dresses, plates 2, 10, &c. S Warlon's English Poetry, 1. 0. 
 
 1» From various remains and cng;ra\ini;s. 
 
 J '• Istius tempore cepit primiun celebrari apud nos in Anglii solemnitas Concepcionis bealac genetricia 
 Mariae." .Queens Coll. MS.— Dr. //a//. k IM. Pari?, p. (jl. I Angl. Sacr. I. 479. 
 
 GILBERT
 
 164 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 GILBERT FOLIOT". According to John of Salisbury, he had a practice of 
 always annoying his superiors. When he was a Monk he used to attack the Priors ; 
 when Prior, the Abbots ; when Abbot, the Bisho])s ". He owed this abbacy to the 
 interest of Milo, Earl of Hereford, Constable of Gloucester, to whom he was related. 
 He was first Abbot of Leicester, and Archdeacon of Oxford ; and by the interest of 
 Bccket, who had been his pupil, and afterwards his patron, was promoted to the See 
 of Hereford in 1147; and at last translated to London, being, as is said, the first 
 Bishop in this kingdom who was removed from one see to another". In consistency 
 with his principle of systematic opposition, he became the great enemy of his patron 
 Becket, and, according to the Chroniclers, was the author of his murder in II70P. 
 
 In his time flourished here a Monk named Osborn, the most elegant Latinist, ac- 
 cording to Leland, of his age, and a good Commentator. He was a great favourite of 
 Abbot Hameline, and enriched the Conventual Library with several excellent divinity 
 works, removed by order of Henry VIII. to his own Royal Library. Mis Pa)iormia, 
 like a Vocabulary, inscribed to Abbot Hameline, was the only work lefti. Reginald, 
 another eminent Monk of this House, about the same aera, was elected Abbot of 
 Evesham ■■. 
 
 In II4S, HAMELINE, the Sub-prior, was elected Abbot. By his attesting the 
 Foundation-charter of Kcvnesham Abbey, he aj)pears to have been of the suite or very 
 intimate with William and Robert, Earls of Gloucester^. After a journey to Rome, 
 and infinite trouble, he settled the dispute with the Archbishop of York, who claimed 
 the Manors of Lech, (Oddington, as Funui/,) Standish, and Barton ; though not 
 without the sacrifice of Oddington, Condicote, Shurdington, and certain lands*. In 
 1150, Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, sent Walter, the deposed Prior of his 
 Cathedral, to Gloucester, with injunctions to the Abbot that he .should not permit him 
 to move from thence; and so the deposed Prior remained there in imprisonment till 
 the Archbishop's decease". In I168, the bodvof one llarakl, pretended to have been 
 stolen by the Jews, was found behind some altars". These incidents, which are nu- 
 merous, are now justly thought to be mere stratagems to load the Jews with obloquy. 
 Between the years 11 63 and 11 79, Roger Bishop of Worcester was celebrating Mass, 
 before the high altar of the Abbey, when the large and high tower of the Church, by 
 a defect of the foundation, fell down suddenly just as he was concluding. And though 
 the crash and shock of the earth was so terrible as was never before seen or heard, 
 so that scarcely a very few of the Monks remained in the choir, scarcely the ministers 
 
 "' Angl. Sacr. I. 475 " Richardson's Godwin, p. 178. 
 
 " Lei. de Scriptor. p. '215. p Fabric. Biblioth. Med. ^v. II. S'ZS. 
 
 •1 l.el. dc .Scriptor. j). 1S3. Coll. IV. 159. '• Willis. = Lcl. Collect. I. 30. 
 
 ' " Temijore cujus [Hamelini] vetus querela inter Eccl'iam Ebor. ct Eccl'iain S. Petri Glouc". sujjcr 
 alienationc maneriorum Lech, Standish, Bertone, post varias altercationes hinc inde tam in Curia Uomanfi 
 quam in sinodis provincialibus, ipso turn Hamelino causani suam placitante et sequcnte, in hiinc nioiiuiu 
 conquievit ; vid' quod Monachi concesserunt Archiepo Ebor', qui tunc fuit, ista, vid' Edynton, Condicote, 
 Schurdington. Upon which the Archbishop quit-claimed all right to the first-named lands." Queen's Coll. 
 MS. — Fosbrooke. u Decern ScriptoreSj col. 1313. » Queen's Coll. MS. — Fosbronk.'. 
 
 stood
 
 ABBEY OF ST. PETER. 165 
 
 stood at the altar, nearly all flying, seeking hiding places, and expecting nothing but 
 the certain ruin of the whole church, the Bishop, intense at his devotion, and looking 
 upwards, remained unmoved at the high altar. Such a dust flew from the mortar and 
 broken stones that no one could see, or scarcely open their eyes. This was accounted 
 for a miracle, that though such a multitude of people of both sexes were collected to 
 hear the Bishop's Mass, not one of them was hurt. For though the tower stood at the 
 end and western part of the church, all at that hour, both men and women, had 
 crowded towards the high altar on account of the principal benediction, as if it had 
 been provided by the pious disposition of the Saviour y. About this time Henry, Prior 
 of the House, was elected Abbot of Evesham '. 
 
 Abbot Hameline dying in 1179, WILLIAM CARBONE, [Thomas Carboiiel, ot 
 Carbonach, Prior of St. Guthlac's, near Hereford, according to Furney,] was conse- 
 crated at Worcester on the day of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. The Sacrist of 
 Worcester had his cope with a vestment, and he sent to the convent by his chaplain 
 for a pittance 60s.*- In II95 Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Justiciary of all 
 England (/. e. Prime Minister), deposed Robert Abbot of Tournay, and kept him 
 here for eighteen months in prison and fettered''. This Abbot Carbone died in July 
 1205, the year after the Abbey had been again burned. It is worth while to stop here 
 a little, and shew the manifest improbability of such a recurrence of fires. The con- 
 flagrations are successively enumerated thus: 
 
 1. Anno loSS; 2. 1102; 3. 1122, by lightning; 4. llC4; 5- 1204, by lightning; 
 6. 1214, by lightning; 7. 1223, by lightning. 
 
 It is gravely stated, that the Monastery was consumed by lightning three times in 
 nineteen years. As to the other conflagrations, they were but partial. The inference 
 is, that, according to the custom of the day, such measures were probably adopted in 
 order to raise money by way of brief for repairs ; an abuse so common as to be a sub- 
 ject of satires The Lives of the Abbots hint this, when they say " after which (the 
 fire of 1122,) Serlo raised much money," &c. 
 
 In 120;,, HENRY BLOND, or BLUNT, Prior of the Abbey, succeeded, and was 
 consecrated at Worcester on Michaelmas Day^'. On the morrow of St. Mark, in 121 7, 
 two suns were seen at supper time, by John, a Monk of the House, and his fellows ^ 
 During his abbacy. King John extorted from the Abbey an enormous quantity of 
 waggons of eight horses for carrying baggage, and tlie chalices were obliged to be sold^ 
 The incumbrances of our ancient armies in the article of baggage were amazing^. 
 
 In 1224 this Abbot Henry died, and was succeeded by THOMAS DE BREDON, 
 the Prior, who received the benediction at Worcester on St. Maurice's day. The Sa- 
 crist had his cope with a vestment of Samese, and he treated the Convent handsomely 
 with a pittance''. A conveyance of this date in the Abbey Register shows that nuncu- 
 
 y Girald. Cambiens. Angl. Sacr. II. 4^8. == Willis. •'' Angl. Sacr. I. 477- 
 
 b Scii|)tor. J). Bed. 4,30. 1). c nritish Monachisni. <' Ani;l. Sacr. 1. ■l/K. 
 
 f Annal. VVigorn. Angl. Sacr. 1. 483. f MS. Cott. Doniit. A. VII [. 
 
 S Grose's Milit. Antiq. II. 311. ** Angl. Sacr. 1. 4SC. 
 
 pative
 
 166 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 pative wills carried freehold estates '. In 1227 Ralph de Wylenton finished the Cha- 
 pel of St. Mary in the Abbey of St. Peter's, and gave a revenue for the support of two 
 priests perpetually celebrating there ''. The deeds connected with the endowment 
 mention a curious trait of antient villenage — a regular exchange of one vassal with his 
 family and property, for another, and the same accomjjaniments '. According to Fur- 
 ney, it was in this century that the appointment of particular Priests to officiate at the 
 Virgin's Chapel began to take place in England. The further settlement of this foun- 
 dation will appear under the next Abbacy. 
 
 Upon the death of Thomas, in 1228, succeeded HENRY FOLIOT, or FOLETH, 
 Prior of the Cell at Bromfield. An adjustment of the agreement with Ralph deWil- 
 lington and Olympias his wife then ensued, from which it ajjpears that Parish Clerks 
 were boarded and gave attendance on the Priests like servants; that eighteen pence a 
 year (equivalent, averaging corn at 6d. the bushel™, to three bushels of wheat, or two 
 guineas modern money) was deemed sufficient for cheese and candle ; that one sort 
 of meat was not good enough for flesh-days, and that Lady-chapels had a Warden, 
 such Wardens being then referees upon abuse ". 
 
 > The nuncupative will of Edith Noithwick, a femme cove' t, pio\c(l by the Sub-almoner by witnesses 
 anno 12'27, her husband i)resent, carried her messuage after her husband's death to that oflicer. Reg. B. 
 No 543, 544. 
 
 1< Angl. Sacr, I. 487. 
 
 ' Ralph de Willington gave 5i acres and 2 feet of land in Ryi.igltgh field, and Walter Onye his naif with 
 his sequele and chattels and all land which he held of him, in exchange for so much land of the Abbey next 
 his land in Pyrksham, and a windmill, and in exchange for Martin of \^'alesworth, w ith his sequele and 
 chattels and all land which the said Martin held of the Abbey in Walesworth. Reg. Abb. Glouc. n. 1112. 
 MSS. Prinn. 
 
 I" About this time, from seasons, the price varied excessively. Fleetwood, p. TG, ed. Svo. 
 
 n At the request of Ralph de Willington and Olympias his wife, Henry Ffolet and the Abbot and Convent 
 of St. Peter's oblige themselves and successors to lind two foreign Cliajjlains yearly for ever who shall say 
 mass for the dead, &c. &c. in the Chapel of St. IMary, which the said Ralph and Olympias at their own costs 
 have built; and these Chaplains shall swear that none other service, if any, they shall undertake or do, 
 whilst to this they shall be assigned, but only for the souls of the above, said daily, especially shall celebrate, 
 and constantly, and it shall not be done by a Monk. These Cha])lains shall have a Clerk attendant on 
 them, and receive for themselves and their Clerk 9.^ marks per annum salary, to be jiaid quarterly; and shall 
 have for cheese and candle ISrf. a year ; a corrody of from the cellar, '2 monks loaves, a knight's loaf, 
 
 3 galons of the beer of the Convent, and a 4th gallon of the 2d beer, if their Clerk will come for it at the 
 hour appointed ; from the kitchen they shall have 3 dishes of tlie better broth of the Convent ; on Hesh days, 
 they shall have 2 messes of flesh ; one of one sort, and the other of another. These Chaplains shall abide 
 within the Abbey, in the lodging built by the said Ral])h at his charge, the Abbey to repair these lodgings 
 at their charge, as also the chapel. These Chaplains shall have vessels from the bake-house; if any thing 
 of their corrody be withholden, the Cha])lains may complain to the U'arden of the Chapel, and amends 
 shall be made by the Prior. Reg. Abb. GIouc. N. 1113. MSS. Prinn. — As to the apparent small stipend 
 of the Clerks, it is to be observed that, at this period (see Fleetwood, p. 131) five marks a yeai'was deemed 
 sufficient maintenance for even a Vicar ; and tiiis was the stipend of a Curate in 130S. (Idem. 134). As 
 Priests could not anciently marry, a sufficiency fur a Batchelor only was acted upon in the Monastick ap- 
 propriations, and in the depredations of Henry the Eighth. The same principle, founded upon the original 
 presumption of Celibacy, has regulated the legal allowance for Stipendiary Cuiates ever since, till the 
 recent act. 
 
 In
 
 ABBEY OF ST. PETER. 167 
 
 In 1239 the Bishop of Worcester visited tlie Convent of Gloucester, and a question 
 having arisen concerning this singular visitation, it was acknowledged by the Convent 
 in chapter, before Seculars, that the Bishop might from office make this singular 
 inquisition". Circumstances no doubt called for it; as in 1242 the Bishop again visited 
 the Convent, and having made a particular examination, corrected what was necessary, 
 and the Prior and some others were removed p. It appears that this Abbot impro- 
 priated a church, in 123O, in order to supply the Convent with French wine and vvastel 
 bread 1. It is said, in the Lives, that he was elected Abbot by the unanimous assent 
 of the whole Convent' ; possibly from his laxity of discipline : and there still exists a 
 very severe satire upon the nocturnal potations of an Abbot and Prior of Gloucester % 
 who probably were this Henry Foliot, and the officer removed by the Bishoj). The 
 satire is a song in vile Latin rhythms, on purpose. 
 
 The following is a translation of a few of the stanzas : 
 
 The Abbot and Prior of Gloucester and suite 
 Were lately invited to share a good treat ; 
 The first seat took the Abbot, the Prior hard by ; 
 With the rascally rabble below was poor I. 
 [For] wine [for the Abbot and Prior they call] 
 To us poor devils nothing, but to the rich all. 
 The blustering Abbot drinks health to the Prior, 
 Give wine to my lordship, who am of rank higher; 
 If people below us but wisely behave. 
 They are sure from so doing advantage to have. 
 We'll have all ; and leave nought for our brothers to take. 
 For which shocking complaints in the chapter they'll make. 
 Says the Prior, " My lord, let's be jogging away 
 And to keep up appearances now go and pray." 
 " You're a man of good habits and give good advice," 
 The Abbot replies — they returned in a trice, 
 '. And then without flinching stuck to it amain 
 
 Till out of their eyes ran the liquor again. F. 
 
 The last stanza is illustrated by Piers Plowman : 
 
 " If I tell any tales, they taken hem together. 
 And do me fast Fridayes on bred and on water." 
 
 The whole poem is here added ; but the Author gives it as it exists in the MS., 
 and is kindly communicated by Henry Ellis, Esq. F. l\. and Sec. A. S. for this work, 
 because he cannot satisfactorily elucidate more than is printed. From the words 
 Rumor venit, &c. it seems plainly to allude to the aera presumed in the Abbatial 
 History. 
 
 " Ang. Sacr. i. 491. P Ang. Sacr. i. 491. i Furncy. r Queen's Coll. MS. 
 
 s Printed in Fosbrooke's British Monachism, p. 153, new Edit, from llarl. MSS. N'o013, fol. 8— lo. 
 
 QiiontlAm
 
 168 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Quondam fuit fcs fesi^ 
 Et uocai^ ad comest^ 
 Abbas p'or de Glowcestrus 
 
 Cu tol^familia. 
 
 Abbas ire sede sursum 
 Et p'oris iuxta ipm 
 Ego semp staui dorsum 
 
 111? rascalilia. 
 Vinu ueit sang'natis 
 Ad p'oris & abbatis 
 Nichil nob pauptatis 
 
 Sed ad diues omnia. 
 Abbas bibit ad p'oris 
 Date uinii ad maioris 
 p^sit ee de mioris 
 
 Si se ht gfa. 
 No e bonu sic potare 
 Et couei^ nich dare 
 q, uolut nos clamare 
 
 Dux i capitula. 
 
 Surge cito recedam^ 
 Hostes nros relinq''m^ 
 Et c'rino ia pcam^ 
 
 Ibim^ in clausl'a. 
 P^ copletii redeam^ 
 Et c'rinG cobibam^ 
 Atq, simt coletam^ 
 
 In tat couiuia. 
 Est ne a'd i currino 
 imo c'te plenu uino 
 Ego t' nc poino 
 
 De bona concordia. 
 Dixit abbas ad p'oris 
 Tti es ho boni nioris 
 Q3 semp i amoris 
 
 ]M' das cosilia. 
 
 Post copletu rediere 
 Et currinij cobibere 
 Potau'unt US5 Here 
 
 pp pol^ ptima. 
 P'or dixit ad abbis 
 ipi hnt uinu satis 
 vultis dare pauptatis 
 
 nr poi^ oniia. 
 
 Q}" nos sp'^tat pauptatis 
 ht par} ht satis 
 jj^q^ ueit no uocatis 
 
 Ad nost' couiuia. 
 Si nui'tu eet bn 
 N' ad cib* n"" ad cene 
 ueissj p marcis dene 
 
 n' p p'caria. 
 Ht tin de hie potus 
 q., coiicl^ bibit tot^ 
 & co"'t® & icrnotus 
 
 de eg's s'uisia. 
 Abbas vomit & pioris 
 Vomis cadit sup floris 
 Ego paup steti foris 
 
 & no su leticia. 
 Rumor ueit ad antistis 
 q abbatis fecit istis 
 Totu mostrat ad mist's 
 
 q fecit conuiuia. 
 Hoc e meu ^sulatis 
 q ut^q, deponatis 
 & p'oris & abbatis 
 
 Ad sua piloria. 
 p h erit castigatis 
 01s nf sb iugatis 
 p'or cler^ & abbatis 
 
 ne pl^ potet minua. 
 Absit dicit alt' cler^ 
 qr bibit pu merus 
 q pHii'^ tam seuerus 
 
 per nost' consortia. 
 
 Ess^. n. b riotus 
 q p stuli^ ho^ pot' 
 S^tineret clei® toi' 
 
 pudor & scandalia. 
 
 VolGt OS quidem iura 
 q p meu forfeclura 
 all' ntts fen lesura 
 
 S} p sua vicia. 
 
 S3 sic instat i p'uatis 
 bis sex marcas det abbis 
 P'or denis & c satis 
 
 Ut no sit ilauiia. 
 
 Piac-,
 
 ABBEY OF ST. PETER. 
 
 169 
 
 Plac) h iul nos a'tistis 
 Det ad p'ses numos istis 
 S} si pota ut audistis 
 
 nuq' ht siipa. 
 Dixit abbas ad p'oris 
 Date m' de liq"ris 
 Stat^ erit melioris 
 
 Si h'ebit gratia. 
 
 Dixit p'oi" ad abbis 
 Habes m° bibe satis 
 No est bonu ebriatis 
 
 Ire p in claust'a. 
 
 Un^ monacum de maiox 
 
 bon^ Icor & cantoi 
 irascat^ ad p'os 
 
 Dixit ista folia. 
 
 P'or uos 116 iiitedatis 
 q"ntu sum^ iaboratis 
 i cantare & legatis 
 
 p ista festalia. 
 O abbatis & p'ore 
 Niciiil datis de liq're 
 No C uot^ de pudore 
 
 tu es Avaricia. 
 Nos n"^ nobis nichil datis 
 N' abbate pm'tatis 
 Facit nost' sociatis 
 
 Sua c''ialia. 
 Q' Stat videt ne cadatis 
 mttos. n. de p'iatis 
 St' deorsu depoiialis 
 
 pp avaricia. 
 pp cord' st'ccitatis 
 St' superbi desctdatis 
 & sic pp puitatis 
 
 pdere mag'lia. 
 Rogo de^ maiestatis 
 Qui vos fecit & creatis 
 Ut h uiiiu q bibatis 
 
 p'.sit nos sl'ngulia. 
 Atl h u'bu p'or curs' 
 Furabatur sic' urs' 
 Una uice at) rurs^ 
 
 Tande dixit ad * 
 
 . . s' uit garcone 
 Q^nd discus de ptmone 
 
 fuit t' gaudia. 
 Nijc tu es canoicai^ 
 & de nich eleuatis 
 Sic rege uis pascat^ 
 
 & i maior copia. 
 Hes iustu & inichea 
 & s'uisia fruiTitea' 
 vn regis p'ss ea 
 
 bibit cii leticia. 
 NullQ carnes comedetis 
 n3 pisces pfruatis 
 lacte q°3 denegatis 
 
 sic te facit sobria. 
 
 Nuilu ti sit tabellu 
 03 t' sit scabellum 
 mesa t' sit patellum 
 
 N5 habes mappalia. 
 Sup t'ram sic sedebis 
 n' abinde removebis 
 uet not sic manebis 
 
 In h refectoria. 
 Post h dies accedatis 
 Ad p'oris & abbis 
 disciplinas assumatis 
 
 fac flectam gena. 
 S' deuote pst'natis 
 Ac deinde iac'matis 
 Dorsum nudu extedatis 
 
 Car) te leticia. 
 Ibi paiam cofiteris 
 q tu male deiinqris 
 & sic pdone 'sequeris 
 
 In nra capitula. 
 Tuc pinde tu cauebis 
 malu loq' sic tacebis 
 p'latores no spnebis 
 
 ^' tuu regula. 
 
 Momordau' labia. 
 * An erasure here. A later hand has written " Monache" above. 
 
 In
 
 170 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 In 1242, one Thomas, an eminent Monk of this house, was elected Abbot of Eve- 
 sham ''. 
 
 This Abbot died in 1243, to whom succeeded Wilham, Prior of the house, [Wal- 
 ter de St. Jolin, in the Lives at Oueen's College], but he died upon the day on which 
 he was to be installed. To him therefore succeeded 
 
 JOHN [de FELDA] the Precentor. The Sacrist of Worcester received an alb and 
 a cope, as well for William not installed, as for John. The Convent too was satisfied 
 concerning procurations". In 125 1 the Convent was in debt to the amount of 30OO 
 marks ; and the Bishop of Worcester, to whom they applied for relief, retrenched the 
 hospitality of the Abbey, and excluded the reception of strangers ". This Abbot dying 
 in 1263, was succeeded by his chaplain, 
 
 REGINALD DE HOMME, or Hamme, who was installed the same year. He 
 found the Abbey 1500 marks in debt^; and was obliged to apply to King Edward I, 
 for protection and assistance, in 1272, who appointed a commissioner to take care for 
 observance of his grant, and secure the Abbey from damage'^. In 12/4 he was sum- 
 moned to the Council of Leyden*. He was the first Abbot summoned to Parliament, 
 49 Henry III''. In 1283, John Gifford, Baron of Brimsfield, provided a place at 
 Oxford, witiiin the walls, for the support of twelve Monks, which he chose from this 
 Convent, wishing his soul, and that of Matilda de Longespey, formerly his wife, to be 
 perpetually remembered by the professors of St. Benedict <^. It is altered now into 
 Worcester College. The church of Chipping Norton, co. Oxon, was appropriated for 
 the maintenance of these students. This Abbot made the following ordinance of the 
 obits of his Monks : — "It is resolved by the ordination and will of our Lord Abbot, 
 and the petition of the whole convent, that when any professed brother died, the bre- 
 via (or notices of his death) should be immediately written and delivered to the inte- 
 rior almoner, who by means of proper persons, shall immediately transmit the same 
 to all our priories and neighbouring houses of religion, of whatsoever order, and espe- 
 cially to those with whom we are connected by charters of confederation ; and since 
 this cannot be done without expence, it is resolved, that the undersigned Obedien- 
 tiaries shall make a small contribution ; viz. the Cellarers and Almoner 12c?. each ; the 
 Sacrist, Chamberlain, and Sub-almoner, 6d. each ; the Precentor and Infirmarer, 3r/. ; 
 which money shall without any excuse or delay, be paid upon the day of such Monk's 
 burial, under penalty of forfeiting twice the sum, payment of which shall be inforced 
 by the Chapter. This money shall be paid to the Sub-almoners, who shall manage 
 the business."'' In 12S4 this Abbot died, to whom succeeded "that most noble 
 man, (as the Annals of Worcester call him), in the elegance of his manners and 
 splendour of his birth, 
 
 JOHN DE GAMAGES, Prior of Hereford. He received the benediction the same 
 
 'Willis. " Annal.Wigorn. Angl. Sacr. i. 49'2. « Furney. 
 
 ;■ Sir R.Atkins, p. 127. cd. 1*1^. « Furney. 
 
 • MS. Cott. Doniit. A. VIU. f. 135. b MS. .Snell. <= Ang. Sacr. 1. 507. 
 
 •1 .Queen's Coll. I\IS. — FoihrooUe. 
 
 year.
 
 ABBEY OF ST. PETER. 171 
 
 year, and the Sacrist had his cope of bandekia with a vestment, and he sent to the 
 Convent a pittance of lOO*."^ In 1292, miracles having commenced on the day of the 
 Holy Trinity, at the tomb of Adam, a Monk of the house, it excited the devotion of 
 the faithful, in honour of the name of Christ. " Let the bad interpreters, the Preachers 
 and Minors, beware, lest in this fact they be justly called Antichrists."'' In I298, on 
 the Nones of June, William Beor, a Monk of the house, commenced in theology, and 
 made known the talent delivered to hitn by God. " He took his degree with the pa- 
 rade then usual, and is said to have been the first Benedictine Monk of England who 
 took the degree of Doctor in it. There was some policy in this ; for other orders hav- 
 ing excelled in learning, it is upon the occasion said in the Annals of Worcester, 
 " Divine learning is suitably committed to those who wear the habit of St. Augus- 
 tine, who, with his fellow monks, was the first preacher of the Christian faith.'" s 
 In 1300 the cloister, belfr}', great chamber, and buildings adjoining, were burned 
 down**. In 1301, Laurence, a Monk of the house, took tlie degree of D. D. ' and in 
 the same year John Prior of Worcester came to visit this house, and those of Tewkes- 
 bury, Winchcombe, and Cirencester ; but they shut their gates against him, alleging 
 that they had been visited in the same year twice before J. In 1303, Robert Archbishop 
 of Canterbury, by the sentence of the Judges of the Court of Arches, condemned the 
 Abbots of Gloucester and Tewkesbury for contumacy in resisting the above visitation K 
 In 1304 this Abbot gave a great feast in his hall to the Justices of Traylbaston ', and 
 many of the high clergy and provincial laity. In 1303, the year before, he had began 
 a new Dormitory ™. This Abbot was so good a manager, that he brought the Con- 
 vent out of debt, and increased their stock of sheep to the number of 10,000°. The 
 price of each at that sera, taking a high ratio, was ^s. in money of the day, but more 
 than three bushels of wheat °. Such indeed was his high character, that the Annals of 
 Worcester say, " In 1307 died .lohn de Gamages, Abbot of St. Peter of Gloucester, and 
 was a man of excellent religion ; and on the Sunday on which is sung Mlsericordia 
 Domini in the morning, passed to the Lord, and the Dominical letter was B. He 
 had been a Monk in the same church sixty-two years, and was buried on Wednesday, 
 by Will, de Geynesburke, Bishop of Worcester, and many Abbots in the same church, 
 with great honor, near the gate of the Cloister, whose face appeared so joyful and red, 
 as if no infirmity had touched him." p To whom succeeded 
 
 Lord JOHN CHOKY [orTokey], Sub-prior of the same place, and was conse- 
 crated at Hartelbury, on Thursday in Easter week. "Our Sacrist had his cope of 
 baudekin, with the vestment, according to the ancient custom of the church, and he 
 
 « Angl. Sacr. I. 007. f Angl. Sacr. 1. .513. S Angl. Sacr. I. .5^'2. 
 
 '' Furncy. i Angl. Sacr. I. 526. J Angl. Sacr. I. .52?. 
 
 k Angl. Sacr. I. 528. ' Queen's Coll. MS. m MS. Cott. Domit. a. Vlll. foLIS". 
 
 " ^ir li- Atkins, p. 127. o Flcelwoocl, p. 85. 
 
 f Wlicn the workmen were building Bishop Benson's screen, about 1741, they found a stone coffin, with 
 a sword, a jiewter chalice, a staff and two sculls in it, implying removal since the first interment. The cha- 
 lice and staff denoted an ecclesiastick ; the sword, a knight ; so that Abljot Gamage's bones, and those of 
 his brother Nicholas, might, as supposed, have been buried here. Cough's Sepulchr. Monum. Introd. 1. 85. 
 
 was
 
 172 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 was installed on the day of the apostles St. Peter and Paul."i In 1318, upon an 
 inquisition it was found, that several messuages of the Abbey, in the villages adjacent to 
 Gloucester, were let at 3*. per annum, a mill at 10*., arable-land at 4c?. an acre, and 
 meadow-land at l8rf. : 36 acres paying ^2. 12*. 6d. a-year "■. Such at this period 
 was the fluctuation in the corn price, that in 1317 wheat sold at Leicester for 44*. the 
 quarter, and yet fetched only 14*. the next week: in I336 it was as low as 2*. per 
 quarter. So that it is impracticable to form an average here of the rent from the corn- 
 price, though 36?. an acre for arable, \d. for pasture, and 4d. and lOd. for meadow, were 
 usual rents at this period ^. The wisest act of this Abbot was his reception of the corpse 
 of Edward the Second for interment. Dr. Hall justly thinks it highly honourable to 
 the loyalty and independent spirit of this Abbot and his Monks. If Knighton's ac- 
 count be true, an extraordinary circumstance attended this affair. He says that the 
 King was murdered 10 Cal. Octob. 1327, and not buried at Gloucester till the 13th 
 of the Calends of January, the people exhibiting no sorrow on account of his charac- 
 ter'. Thus the singular circumstance of an interval of three months occurred between 
 the death of the King and his interment. That he was opened and embalmed, appears 
 from the vase for containing his heart being mentioned ; and the body, while it re- 
 mained at Berkeley, produced Lord Berkeley five pounds a-day. The diet of a labourer 
 was then 2c?. a-day, and the King's board amounted to that of 600 men : which at the 
 mess-rate of a soldier, S(/. a-day, makes ^.20 per diem in modern money. Mr. 
 Smyth gives the following narrative of the funeral ceremony : — " After the death of 
 the said King, his venerable body, (which the next monasteryes of S. Augustine of 
 Bristoll, St. Mary of Kingswood, and St. Aldelme of Malmsbury, for dread of Roger 
 de Mortimer and Oueene Isable, and their complices, feared to receive), was by John 
 Toky, then Abbot of this Church of blessed St. Peter of Gloucester, with his chariot 
 honorably adorned with the armes of the said church, brousxht from the castle of 
 Berkeley to the church of the said Monastery of Gloucester, and bv the whole Con- 
 vent solemnly attired, was, with a procession of the whole citv honourably received; 
 and in the north part of the Church tiiere, next to the great altar, buryed. This 
 Abbot Toky myne author succeeded, then a Monkc there, and present at his funerall " ; 
 of which Abbot, then a very old man, and of the benefit he received from the sunne, 
 for this honor done to his father's body, the marginal 1 record declareth."" 
 
 " And the accompt of this said lord's receiver for the ycare followinge, 2 Edw. III. 
 sheweth, what he payd for dyinge of the white canvas into black for coveringe of the 
 chariot, wherein the body of the Kinge was carryed from Berkeley Castle to Glou- 
 cester; what the cords, the horse-collars, the traces and other necessaries particularly 
 cost, used about the chariott, and convey inge of his bodv thence to Glouc' in itno vase 
 
 1 Angl. Sacr. I. 529. r Keg. 15. n. 741. MSS. Prinn. s Fleetwood, pp. 92, 93. seq. Ed. 8vo. 
 
 t Decern Scriptores, 2553. » Walt, of Froucester. 
 
 ' Pat. 2. Ed. III. prs 2. m. 2. It allows an easy composition with the King for possession of the Abbey 
 during vacancy. 
 
 ^ argenfeo
 
 ABBEY OF ST. PETER. 173 
 
 argenteo pro corde dicti dni regis patris reponendo xxxvii*. \\\\d. [for a silver vessel to 
 put the Kings heart in, 37.S. 8rf.] In oblations at several tymes in the chappie of the 
 castle of Berkeley, for the King's soul, xxif/. In expenses of the Lord Berkeleye's 
 family going with the King's body from Berkeley unto Glouc' xviii.v. \\d. And many 
 the like perticularities, vvherto add these records here margined, more then evincinge 
 the truth of this matter, wherby this lord is allowed five pounds by the day for the 
 King's expenses, whilest he was in his keepinge at Berkeley, and for soe long tyme as 
 his body remayned at Berkeley after his death." ^ 
 
 The mere interment of the Kinjr at Gloucester would have been attended with 
 little profit to the Abbey, if it had not been accompanied with the customary re- 
 sults — the occurrence of miracles, and the consequent erection of a magnificent shrine. 
 Harding says ^ 
 
 '■' At Gloucester entombed faire and buried, 
 Where some sav, God shewed for him great grace. 
 Sith that time, with miracles laudified 
 Oft times in diverse many case, 
 As is written there, in that same place. 
 For which King Richard, called the Second, 
 To translate him was purposed whole and sound.'' 
 
 Thus it appears, that a shew-board or inscription, containing an account of these 
 miracles, was placed, according to custom, near the shrine". That the latter should 
 be magnificent, was also in course of custom. This Abbot was excommunicated in 
 1313 for resisting the Prior of Worcester's visitation, but the year following absolved 
 by order of the Bishop of Worcester *•. As in the year 1315, or thereabouts, a Walter 
 Tokey conveyed a messuage in the suburbs of Gloucester to the Abbe)' '^, this Abbot 
 was probably a native of the city. He soon after died. The same year, by Tokey's 
 interest, 
 
 JOHN WYCnMORE, or WYGMOR, was elected Abbot. He was well skilled in 
 mechanics and other arts ; indeed, seems to have passed his w hole abbacy in building and 
 improvements. According to Furney, he gave a rich embroidered cope to be worn at 
 Pentecost, jjrobably of his own workmanship ; for embroidery was an art usually prac- 
 ti.scd in the great Abbeys. The Oueen's College Lives suy, " He was much delighted 
 with different arts, in which he very often worked himself; and had also other excellent 
 artificers in various arts, both in mechanical works and embroidery*'." 1 he dormitory, 
 commenced in 1303 and finished in 1313 according to Archdeacon Furney, is in other 
 accounts to be ascribed to this Abbot*". He also imparked eighty acres of land in the 
 
 > Lives of the Berkelcys, AIS. p. 3 18. Of tlie preceding events, to tlie King'.-, dealii, see llic liiitoiy uf 
 Ueikelcy. » IJnouA by Fuller, th. lli=t. Cent. XIV. p. HO. 
 
 » See British Monachisni. '' Furney. ^ eg. A. n.o5. MSS. Prinn. 
 
 *' Divcrsis aitibus niulluni clclictabatur ; ipse SK])issiinfc opcnibiitur, et iiuilto.'s divei.-ios operarios 
 liabuit in divcrsis artibus pra-cellentcs, tam in opere nicchanico, quani in texturft. JJueen's Coll. MS. — Dr. 
 Hall. c MS. Colt. Doniit. A. VIII. f. 137. 
 
 two
 
 174 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 two several estates of Churcliam and Copledonf, from which it should seem, that eighty 
 acres of land was tlien the usual portion allotted for parks. The assassination of Ed- 
 ward the Second produced a superstitious idea, that the only method of averting the 
 divine vengeance on the nation was by devotion at his shrine?. Accordingly, during 
 this abbacy began the offerings of the faithful and devout at the shrine of Edward; so 
 that in a few years there was such a crowd of visitors from all parts of England, that 
 the city could scarcely contain themK He died in 1337, 11 Edward 111. On new 
 paving the nave of the Cathedral in 17S7, the workmen uncovered a stone cofHn, 
 which lay so near the surface, that it had no other covering but the old pavement. It 
 contained a body in a robe, or gown, as of serge, and leathern boots ; the leather still 
 retaining a degree of firmness, nor had it totally lost its elastic quality. The robe was 
 decayed, and though- it had in some places the appearance of folds, on touching, it 
 turned to dust. The bones were not injured. In the hand of the deceased was a crosier 
 neatly adorned with silver, which had been gilt and burnished. It was chiefly of wood, 
 and the staff perfectly hard and sound. The cavity of the coffin, which was of one 
 stone, measured six feet six inches in length. It had been opened in 1741, but re- 
 placed by Bishop Benson. This is generally supposed to have been the body of John 
 Wigmore, who was buried on the South side near the entrance of the choir, which he 
 mclosed''; i. e. according to Furney, he was buried on the South side near the en- 
 trance of the choir, which he built, with a square stone pulpit over the West door, 
 and which in I718 was demolished to make room for the organ. This Abbot was suc- 
 ceeded by 
 
 ADAM DE STAUNTON, the Prior'. 
 
 In 1343 the Abbey was made the receiving house for the King's money; and, two 
 years after, he borrowed 200 marks from the Abbey as he was going abroad™. 
 
 King Edward the Third, Oueen Philippa, the Black Prince, and many Nobles, 
 visited Edward's shrine. The royal oiferings consisted of ships of gold, and a cross 
 of the same metal, with a ])iece of the real cross in it, and a ruby. The Archdeacon 
 adds, that the Prior and Convent requested the Royal Family to redeem their golden 
 ships at the price of ^. 100. To understand this, it is necessary to observe that the gifts 
 of citizens, to recommend their manufactures, were generally of wrought goods, and, 
 at this same sra, a present so made to the French ^ueen consisted of a model of the 
 ship in gold ". We have long accounts of new-years'-presents to Sovereigns ", and the 
 King and Royal Family made their offerings in the easiest way to themselves, that of 
 bestowing on the Convent presents which they had received. The Abbot's conduct in 
 
 f Pat. 7. Ed. IK. s MS. of the late John Carter, Architect, F. A. S. &c. 
 
 '' Oblaiio fideliuni et deivotorum nunc erga Regem Edoardum in ecclesi& tunuilatiim ; ita ut intra paucos 
 annos tanta eiat plebis fieqiientatio, ut civitas Glouc' vix exciiieret multitudinem populorum ex diversis civi- 
 tatibus Angliaj villis et %icis illuc confluenliuni. Queen's College MS. Dr. Hall. 
 
 k dough's Sepulchral Monuments, Int. Vol. II. p. Ixvii. ' Willis. 
 
 'n Claus. 18 and '20 Edw. III. n Froi:ssart, IX. 367. 
 
 o Nichols's Progresses of Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 asking
 
 ABBEY OF ST. Pf:TER. 175 
 
 asking for money was, according to contemporary ideas, mean ; fur Froissart says, 
 " with regard to the florins, we cannot receive them ; hut as to the rest, we accept them 
 with great pleasure. The florins were therefore returned, and the horses and mules 
 kept P." We hear little more of this Abbot, except that he presided jointly over a 
 Benedictine Chapter at Northampton; left 1000 marks in the Treasury, his brother 
 repairing an altar, near which he was buried in 135 1 ; the moveables and immove- 
 ables of the Convent being then valued at s£:28] iSs. jd. and the members of the 
 Convent thirty-six, or ^.7 iSs. \0^d. per head''. Now by Parliament it was regu- 
 lated, in this year I351, that workmen should take their wages in wheat at ten pence 
 the bushel, or 6s. Sd. the quarter ■■ ; wherefore, the property of the Convent was, in 
 modern money, at the ratio of 14s. a bushel, 690O bushels, or ^.4830 ; and this, 
 no doubt, an assessment far under value. 
 
 In 1351 THOiMAS HORTON, the Sacrist, was elected Abbot. This Abbot pro- 
 vided plate for the Convent in the refectory ; four silver basons for the high altar, viz. 
 two large for the Abbot's service, and two small for the celebrating Priests ; two silver 
 candlesticks for the same altar, a chalice of gold ; and other things. He built the 
 great hall in the court [the Guest Hall] where the Parliament was holden in 1378^" 
 The King and his Court were then lodged in the Abbey ; the common hall was de- 
 voted to the Lords ; the Chapter House to the Commons, and the great Guest-cham- 
 bers to the Privy Council ; for in all the great Abbeys there was a rich chamber for 
 noble visitors*. This is an important fact ; for it shows, that the Mercian Palace or 
 King's Hall, was not then in a state fit for royal habitancy. This Abbot died in 
 1377, '^"^^ according to the custom of the day, was buried in a part of the transept, 
 the North side, because he had rebuilt if". 
 
 Thomas Horton was succeeded in the same year by JOHN BOYFIELD, the Pre- 
 centor. He is only said to have obtained the pontificals for himself and successors from 
 the Pope. His abbacy was unpleasant, the Convent being reduced to 1700 marks per 
 (inmtm, through inundations, pestilences, and excessive hos[)itality, with an esta- 
 blishment of fifty- four Monks, besides the Abbot and 200 officers or servants ; not 
 seven marks a head, less than the earnings of mechanics, who, without diet, gained 
 from four pence to seven ])ence a day, according to their trades. 'J'he Archdeacon 
 says, that it required the appropriation of the Church of St. Mary de Lode to defray 
 these expences ; either an error or loose way of writing, for that church was improjjri- 
 ated in 1314 for rci)airs of the Lady Chapel, and support of divine worship in if. 
 
 Upon the death of John Boyfield, in 13S1, succeeded WALTER FROUCESTICR, 
 the Chamberlain, an eminent man, u ho wrote a Clirouicle of the Abbey down to 
 
 P Froissart, IX. 34. <; Funny. "■ Flietwood, 158, ed. S\(). 
 
 * Vasa argcntta Conventui in IlcfLctoiio iiij |)(.lves argenteas pro niagno altaic, viz. duas niagnas 
 
 ad ministerium Abbati.s et alias duas ])arvas pro sacerdole ibidem celehrante. Item ij candelabra argcntea 
 
 pro codeni allari. Item calicem unuiii dc auro il)ideni Magnam aulam in curifl nhi pobtinodo Rex 
 
 jiarliamcntum suura tcnuit troxit. (J, Coll. .MS. Ih. Hall. ' Finney. 
 
 ' \Villis. V Reg. U. No. 1 114. MSS. I'rinn. 
 
 the
 
 176 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 the 20 Edward III. long in the possession of the Dean and Chapter, but now lost, 
 or lent out, and not returned. This Abbot procured from the Pope the mitre, and 
 other episcopal privileges. He obtained for the Convent a dispensation for eating meat 
 from Septuagesima to Ouinquagesima Sundays. [On the first of these Sundays absti- 
 nence from meat usually commenced".] This Abbot died in 1412, and was buried 
 
 " Brit. Monacli. p. 83, new edit. Various licences for eating flesh Iiave been published, and tliere 
 was an office in St. Paul's Church-yard on purpose for granting them ; but as it is not generally known 
 that the Lent and other fasts were matters of high state consideration, it is amusing to give a proclamation 
 of Charles the Second on the subject, as containing much illustration of the habits and opinions of our 
 ancestors : — 
 
 " Proclamation against eating Meat in Lent. 
 "Charles R. — VVhereas divers good Laws and Statutes have heretofore with great care and (irovidence been 
 made and enacted for the due observation of Lent, and other dayes appointed for fish-dayes, as well for the 
 sparing and increase of flesh victuals, as for the maintenance of the navy and shipping of this Realm, by 
 the encouragement of fishermen and mariners to goe to the seas for the taking of fish, which laws and poli- 
 tick constitutions have heretofore been quickned by sundry proclamations, and other acts and ordinances of 
 state in the times of our royal predecessors, and by several proclamations set forth by us. And whereas, 
 notwithstanding so many good provisions heretofore had and made in that kind, all sorts of people have 
 for many years last past, taken upon them to kill, dress, and eat flesh in the Lent season, and on other 
 dayes and times prohibited, as now it is become so inveterate an evil, that it will require more than ordi- 
 nary care to redress the same ; we, therefore, much affecting the reformation of so great and growing an evil, 
 which is so great an enemy to the plenty of this our Kingdom, have thought fit thus timely (the better to 
 take away all pretence of excuse) to express our self anil oiu' royal conmiandment in this behalf ; whereof we 
 shall expect and do require from all our loving subjects that due notice be taken, and that a strict and con- 
 tinued obedience and conformity be yielded thereunto, both for the present and in all succeeding times. And 
 therefore we do strictly charge and command all and every person and persons whatsoever, to whom it may 
 appertain, carefully to provide and see, tliat these orders following may be didy observed and put in execu- 
 tion, upon pain of om- high displeasure, and such penalties as by the laws of this our Realm may be in- 
 flicted upon the offenders for their contempt and neglect of us and our laws, whereof we shall shew ourself 
 most sensible. We being absolutely resolved not only to ha\e fasting dayes, but the Lent season to be 
 strictlier and better observed and kept than others have been heretofore, the common good of our Realm 
 requiring it, and particularly for the advancement of the fishery of this Nation. And further, our will and 
 j)leasure is, that the Lord Mayor of our City of London, and the Justices of the Peace of our Cities of 
 Westminster, and tlie Liberties thereof, shall hereafter yearly, every year before Lent, or at the beginning 
 thereof, cause all innholders, keepers of ordinary tables, cooks, butchers, poulterers, victuallers, ale-house 
 keepers, and taverners, within tlie said City and Liberties thereof, to appear before them, and shall take re- 
 cognizances with two sufficient sureties of every one of them fviz.) the principal in one hundred pounds, 
 and their sureties in forty pounds a piece to our use; that the butchers and poulterers shall not kill or put 
 to sale any flesh in Lent, and that the inholders and other persons before mentioned shall not dress or suffer 
 any flesh to be eaten in their houses in the Lent-time, or at any time prohibited contrary to law. And to the 
 I'lid that fishermen may imploy themselves at sea, with better encomagcmcnt than heretofore, and that the 
 fishmongers may furnish themselves with such store fiom time to time hereafter as shall be expedient, as 
 well for the provision of the City as for selling the same at reasonable rates, we will that they take notice of 
 ilii« our commandment and constant resolution for observance of Lent and fish dayes, both now and here- 
 after as by law is required : And forasmuch as the use and libeity now taken is so 
 I'riday, tar declined from tlie abstinence and moderation of former times, as instead of fast- 
 
 how sacred. ing and forbearing suppers upon Fridayes, and other times, which was heretofore 
 
 duly observed, there is now nothing more usual than to make speciall choice of 
 Friday nights for suppers and entertainments ; and to mark out those days and nights for riot and excess, 
 
 to
 
 ABBEY OF ST. PETER. 
 
 •; I 
 
 iu a chapel at the South-west part of the choir, under the arch of the tower, where. 
 says the Archdeacon, his gravestone now remains, the brasses being torn off. An 
 anniversary, accompanied with the distribution of cloth gowns, and some other chari- 
 table memorials, was kept for him in the church of Chipping Norton, co. Oxon, and 
 of St. Mary de Lode, and of Trinity in Gloucester. In his time there was an Abbot, 
 forty-five Monks, and two hundred officers or servants, the income being as before, 
 1700 marks a year^. 
 
 In the year of his death he was succeeded by HUGH DE MORTON, a most ob- 
 scure Abbot, who died in 1420^. 
 
 To him succeeded JOHN MORWENT, or MAREWENT, who new-built the 
 West front, made the South porch, and erected two pillars, one on each side of the 
 body of the church, intending, if he had lived, to have made the whole body of like 
 work^. Henry the Sixth, when a child, was brought to the Abbey in 1430, and 
 made an oblation ; an important incident, because it betrays an intention on the part of 
 his guardians, in order that they might govern him, to give him that superstitious bias 
 which subsequently cost him the throne. 
 
 Upon the death of Morwent in 1437, succeeded REGINALD BOULERS, or 
 BUTLER, successively Bishop of Hereford and Lichfield '\ This Abbot was quite 
 a political character ; for he went Ambassador to Rome in ^449, and the Convent al- 
 lowed him ^.400 a year, from which we may form a conjecture of the then income ot 
 the Abbot. From 1440 to 1460, wheat, says Bishop Fleetwood', was never above Ss. 
 
 to the great offence and scandal of our Government ; for the avoiding whereof, as we think it fit that every 
 man should be a lule of order and abstintnce in his own house, as well in respect of tlie publick, as of hU 
 private ease and benefit; so we straitly charge and command all innliolders, keepers of ordinary tables, 
 victuallers, cooks, alehouse-keepers, and taverners, not to make any suppers for any person or persons what- 
 ever upon Friday-nights, either in Lent or out of Lent, nor suffer any meat to be then dressed, uttered, sold, 
 or eaten in their houses, upon i)ain of such punishment, as is due to those that shall contemn our royal 
 pleasure and commandment, and as by due course of law may be inflicted. And forasmuch, as upon further 
 advice and consideration had of this inconveniency, which too mucli liberty hath occasioned, we conceive 
 that the restraint of killing and dressing of flesh is no sufficient remedy alone for these mischiefs, imless there 
 be better care taken to suppress the unlawful and inordinate eating of tlesh in the time of Lent, and on 
 other dayes and times prohibited, wherewith our subjects have for se\eral years past accustomed themselves 
 rather for delicacy than for necessity, it is therefore our royall will and pleasure, and accorduigly we do 
 hereby straitly prohibit and forbid all our subjects, of what degree or cpiality whatsoever, within this Realm, 
 to eat any manner of flesh in the time of Lent, or on other dayes now usually observed as fish-daycs, without 
 a speciall license first had or obtained from the Bishop of the Dioces?, or sucli other as by the law have 
 power to give license in that behalf, according to our laws in that case provided, whicli we will and com- 
 mand shall be sparingly granted." 
 
 The proclamation then proceeds to name the jienaltics, and says, that innliolders, butchers, i^vc. "shall 
 forfeit their recognizances by killing, dressing, and putting to -sale of flesh, or suffering it to be eaten 
 in their houses upon Fiiday or Saturday [the Scotch j)ri>claniation adds Wednesday] or the En ibring dayes, 
 and other days connnoidy called Vigils, or in any day in Lent, or ujjon other days conmionly reputed 
 fish-days." The last clause impowers Magistrates to impose a maximum upon the price ol hj-li, ifthetibn- 
 mongers raised it too high. — Kingdom's Intelligencer, Jan. 19 — 26, 1662. 
 
 y Furncv. ^ Willis. a Willis. ^ Angl. Sacr. I. 453. "^ P. 103. cd. Svo. 
 
 A A *'"^
 
 178 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 the quarter. The income then was the value of SOOO bushels, which at the modern 
 price amounts to an enormous sum ; but a corn valuation is not a standard. However, 
 the Abbot's income must have been large. " After Michaelmas" [1450] says Stowe, 
 " Richard Duke of Yorke, comming out of Ireland, tooke Joh. Sutton Baron of Dud- 
 ley, and Reginald Abbot of St. Peter's of Glocester, and shortly after he tooke Joh. 
 Gargrave, Keeper of the King's Bench at London, and sente them to the Castle of 
 LudloW^." The Hony soit, &c. of Edvv. HL is presumed to have given birth to 
 mottoes annexed to arms^; and about the year 1460, during the Neapolitan wars, the 
 use of coat-armour was relinquished in a great measure by the Italian chiefs, and 
 symbolical devices were painted on their shields, with classical allusions and quota- 
 tions '^. In conformity to these new fashions, Abbot Boulers assumed a motto, as did 
 his successors. Fuller thus speaks of this matter : " We will close all with the prophe- 
 ticall mottoes (at leastwise as men since have expounded them) of the three last 
 successive Abbots of Glocester, because much of modenty, and something of piety, 
 contained therein. 
 
 " 1. Abbot Boulers. Memento, memento, that is (as some will have it) Remember, 
 remember, this Abbey must be dissolved. 
 
 " 2. Abbot Sebruck. Fiat voluntas Doinini, that is, if it must be dissolved, the 
 will of the Lord be done. 
 
 " 3. Abbot Muuborn. Mersos reatu suscita. Raise up those which are droivned 
 in guiltiness, which some say was accomplished when this Abbey found that favour 
 from King Henry the Eighth, to be raised into a Bishoprick. But, I like the text 
 better than the comment, and there is more humility in their mottoes, than solidity 
 in the interpretations &." 
 
 Fuller is correct; for the first motto seems to allude to, Remember, you must die; the 
 second to submission to fate; and the third to Resurrection. This Reginald Boulars 
 devised his books to the Abbey library''. 
 
 Upon the promotion of Boulars to the see of Hereford, in 1450, THOMAS 
 SEBROKE succeeded, who pulled down the old tower, and began the present fine 
 one (elegant light towers then coming into vogue), the execution of which was com- 
 mitted to the care of Robert Tully, a Monk of the house ', consecrated Bishop of St. 
 David's in 14^0, and buried at Tenby in 1484'^. He also paved the choir, where on 
 the bricks appear his name and arms; Ermine, a cinquej'oil Sable. He died in 1457, 
 and was buried in a chapel at the South-west end of the choir, where remains his efiSgy 
 in his robes ', 
 
 At this time architecture appears to have been much studied in the Abbey; for 
 John Tvvynning, a Monk, built, according to tradition, for the reception of pilgrims, 
 a great inn, called the New Inn, in the Upper North (iate Street ■". The intention 
 
 '1 Annals, 392, ed. Howes, e Hcarne's Anfiq. Discours. I. 1 1'>. f Dallaway's Heraldick Inquiries, p. 391. 
 S Cliuich Hisl. b. VI. p. 334. li Willis and Furney. ' Willis, 
 
 k Richardson's Godwin, p. 584. ' Furney. m Furnoy. 
 
 was.
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ,:? 
 
 w 
 
 o 
 
 p; 
 < 
 
 H 
 O 
 
 3 
 
 i
 
 ABBEY OF ST. PETER. 17.9 
 
 was, no doubt, to draw visitors to Edward's shrine ; but the Abbey appears to have 
 been remarkable for providing gratuitously the most minute necessities of their visi- 
 tors. Certain small estates were devoted to shoeing the horses of the guests ". 
 
 In 1457 succeeded RICHARD HANLEY, or HAULEY, noted only for begin- 
 ning to rebuild the Lady Chapel. 
 
 Dying in 1472, WILLIAM FERLEY, or FARLEY, was elected Abbot. He 
 finished the Lady Chapel °. 
 
 His successor in 149S was JOHN MALVERNE, or MULVERNE, who died in 
 1500 P. During the vacancy, such disturbances ensued about the election of anew 
 Abbot, that a royal mandate was issued to the Prior to preserve order. 
 
 THOMAS BRANCH, a Monk, was elected in I500, and died in 1510, upon which 
 another royal mandate was issued upon the same subject as the last. 
 
 JOHN NEWTON, alias BROWNE, I). D. was elected in 1410, after a very 
 violent opposition, when there were forty-eight Monks in the Abbey, and sixteen in 
 the cell. John Huntley, the Cellarer, with sixteen Monks, appealed to the Bishop of 
 Worcester, but in vain ; probably because he was the King's Chaplain. Though 
 Prior of St. Cuthlack's, near Hereford, it appears, that he was not bred in the house, 
 but only became a Monk in 14781. Clergymen were thus in the habits of entering 
 the house ; but they were not considered on a par with the nutrlti, or regular Monks 
 bred in the Abbey from infancy. The Registers say, " Walter of Longford, clerk, 
 entered himself a Monk of the Abbey, and gave certain lands, for which the Abbey 
 granted him every week, from their almonry, for a corrody, two loaves of standish and 
 a cook's loaf, and a Monk's loaf, and beer, and companage (bread and cheese) as to 
 other free servants'^. In 1 5 12 and 151 3 the townsmen made a riotous attack iipon 
 the Abbey servants concerning right of common, which was with difficulty compro- 
 mised. Similar events had ensued at Cirencester, and elsewhere, between the towns- 
 men and religious, who were always tenacious of property: and could gain advantages 
 by bribing the Crown. This Abbot Newton dying Jan. 15, in I513; a very eminent 
 person, 
 
 WILLIAM MALVERNE, alias PARKER, B. D. was elected in 1514; soon 
 after which, as is now usual, upon receiving certain dignities, he took the further de- 
 gree of D. D. That he was an exemplary character, appears from his entering into 
 his Register the following statutes, which point out existing abuses: 
 
 Statula Capiluli f^etieralis apiiil Coventriam celebrat' Statutes of (lie General Chapter held at Coventry, in 
 anno D'ni millesimo quinlesimo sexto decimo. the yoar one thousand five Inindied and sixteen. 
 
 Imprimis, statuimus et ordinamusq'd f resomncs, First, we appoint and ordain that all the brethren, 
 
 tani seniores ([uam juniores, qui coni])letorii inter- as well seniors and juniors, who are present at the 
 
 sunt oflicio, ainodo ct deinceps, postquani in dormi- office of completoiv, from henceforth and in future, 
 
 toiium se receperunt adfabidas et potationes omnino after they have withdrawn to the Dormitory, do not 
 
 non descendunt. come down again to gossiping and potations. 
 
 " Keg. A. n. 409. MSS. Prinn. " Willis. P Id. 
 
 <l Willis and Furney. r Reg. B. No. 5G1, 2, 3. MSS. Prinn. 
 
 Preteiea
 
 i8o 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Preterea statuinuis q'd non licet cuiquam mona- 
 chorum, nisi prius supprioris intra monasterium 
 existentis licentiil petitA et obtenti, aliquam (sic) 
 iutroducere in infiiniitorium, seu in aliqua loca in 
 eodem contenta, nee q'd quisquam fratnim aliquas 
 ib'm potaciones inordinatas quoquo pacto exercere 
 praesumat. 
 
 Preterea statuinius et ordinamus quod nullus fra- 
 ter die quo in refectorio se refecerit prandio et cena 
 carnem manducare aliquatenus, nisi in prjesentia bui 
 praelati, ex ejus preccpto et licencia special i pre- 
 suinat. 
 
 Preterea statuinms et ordinamus ut cuiquam mo- 
 nachorum non liceret victus duplicatam ])ictanc)am 
 liabenti earn vel cjusdcra aliquam porcionem ven- 
 dere, nee earn liberfe dare, su|)prioris licentiil in hoc 
 niinimfe obtentfi. 
 
 Preterea statuimus et ordinamus q'd in mensa 
 fr'm temp'e prandii et cena;, sive in miiericurdia, 
 sive in locis j)er monasterium deputatis sese reficien- 
 tium, lectio semper habeatur, cui attentfe auditum 
 praebeant, et q'd ib'm submis^a voce automnino La- 
 tinfe loquanlur. 
 
 Preterea statuinms et ordinamus q'd in diebus pis- 
 cium nullus extra refectorium se reficiat, illis dun- 
 taxat exceptis cum quibas eorundem pra;lati propter 
 seriam debilitatem aut aliquam rationabilem causam 
 duxeri't dispensare. 
 
 Preterea cum in Viennensi concilio per Clementem 
 quintum sit monacliis interdict' q'd venationibus seu 
 aucupacionibus aliquatenus indulgeant, non novam 
 constitutionem facientes sed veterem mentibus homi- 
 num firmius infigentes volumus et precipimus, q'd 
 monachi n'ri ordinis et cap li venacionibus et aucu- 
 liacionibus onmino abstineant, se'd'm formam con- 
 stitucionis pr'd'cle, venaticos canes seu aves pradales 
 per se vel alios intra sojjta monasterii non tcneant 
 nee foveant, jjenas in d'cto consilio si contrafecerint 
 attentius formidantcs ; in suis actem recreationibus 
 honestfe et religiosfe sese pruhibeant, scandalum reli- 
 gionis omnino pra;caventes. 
 
 Ejusdem religionis cultores decet unius moris esse 
 preter et uniformes ; praeterea slaluimus et ordina- 
 mus q'd monachi n'ri capituli vcstimentis cultioribus 
 aut multum nitidis non utantm , sed solum tunicis al- 
 muciis, manicis, et pcUibus nigris extrinsecus vcsti- 
 antur, prout patres nostri antiqui lieri decreverunt. 
 
 Preterea sub obtestationedivini judicii precipimus 
 ut in singulis n're ordinis et cap'li locis illud Bene- 
 dict! duodecimi cap'luni 23"" qd intitulatur de li- 
 
 cenciis 
 
 Besides, we order that no monk, without previous 
 licence from the sub-prior, introduce any woman 
 into the infirmary, or any places contained in it, and 
 that none of the brethren by any means presume 
 to use immoderate drinking there. 
 
 Moreover we appoint and ordain, that no brothei', 
 upon a day on which he has dined and supped in 
 the refectory, presume to eat meat elsewhere, unless 
 in the presence of his officer, by his direction and 
 especial license. 
 
 Moreover we direct and ordain, that no monk 
 who has a double pittance of food, be allowed to 
 sell or give away the whole, or any part of it, with- 
 out license from the sub-prior. 
 
 Furthermore we appoint and ordain, that at the 
 table of the brethren, in time of dinner or sapper, 
 whether in the misericord, or places appointed in 
 the house for refreshment, there be always reading, 
 to which the brethren shall give attentive hearing, 
 and not speak there but in a low voice, or in Latin. 
 
 Besides we direct and ordain, that on fish-days no 
 one shall take refreshment out of the refectory, 
 those persons only excepted to whom the officers, on 
 account of the weakness of age, or any reasonable 
 cause, shall grant dispensation. 
 
 Besides, since in the Council of Vienna, held by 
 Clem. V. it is forbidden to Monks to indulge by any 
 means in hunting and hawking, we, not making a 
 new constitution, but more firndy impressing an old 
 one, will and order, that monks of our order and 
 chapter, wholly abstain from hunting and hawking, 
 according to the form of the aforesaid constitution, 
 and that they do not keep or cherish by themselves 
 or others, hunting dogs, or birds of prey, within the 
 ])iecincts of the mona^tii y, more attentively dreading 
 the penalties named in the said counsel ; but that 
 they restrain themselves decorously and religiously 
 in their recreations, wholly avoiding any scandal to 
 religion. 
 
 Besides, as it becomes professors of the same reli- 
 gion to be uniform and of one habit, we further 
 direct and ordain, that no monks of our chapter shall 
 use finer or more showy dresses, but only black 
 tnnicks, hoods, sleeves, and i)ilehes e.\ternally, as 
 our ancient fathers have decreed. 
 
 Moreover, under an appeal to the divine ven- 
 geance we order, that in ercry place of our order 
 and chapter, the 23d chapter of the Constitutions of 
 
 Benedict
 
 ABBEY OF ST. PETER. l8l 
 
 cenciis eundi et extra monasterium diligentius et Benedict XII. entitled " Concerning leave of absence 
 
 itrictius observatur, et ut de ignorancia ejusdem from the house," be more diligently and strictly ob- 
 
 nemo se excusatum habeat, a prselatis vel a quibus served j and that no one may hold himself excused 
 
 ipse miserit dicta constitutio exponatur. from ignorance, the above constitution be exjjlained 
 
 by the prelates, or persons deputed by them. 
 Cum enim frustra sit diffi'ones seu statuta condere But since it is vain to make orders and statutes, 
 
 et ea minimi executioni mandare, irrefragabiliter and not commit them to execution, we irrefragably 
 
 ordinamus et precipimus ut sing'li patres in hoc ca- ordain and direct, that every Abbot present in this 
 
 pitulo presentes et absenfum procuratores ibi has chapter, and the proctors of the absent, cause, upon 
 
 n'ras dirfi'ones transcribi, et cum ad monasterium re- their return to the monastery, these our statutes to 
 
 dierint easdem coram toto fratrum conventu perlegi be transcribed, and read before the whole convent, 
 
 faciant et districtius observaii. and to be more strictly observed. 
 Registr. Malcern, pen. Dec. et Capit.fol. Ixv. vi. 
 
 This excellent Abbot in the same year made other constitutions, with respect to a 
 more correct disposition of the alms of the house. As they show a curious fashion of 
 the day, that of writing English in a law Latin style and idiom, they are given below 
 verbatim ■■. 
 
 r Abbot Malvern's Ordinances for the Peter's Men. 
 
 After a general religious preface, the deed proceeds thus ; — 
 
 " Hyt hath pleased the fhathers and governors. Abbots of this holy Monastery, with consent of their 
 bretlierne, as the world hath required for the time and sesons to order, decre, alter and dispose, as they have 
 supposed expedient, and for the time most convenient. As the almes of the holy house to be distributed 
 by the hands of the aumer of the yssues of the manor of Standish in corn, which in conmion years amounteth 
 to the sum of a^.xvi ; also with other petty almes for xiii fryers gowns by the hands of the town monke, and 
 2s. in money to every of xiii pore men yerely to be paid by the hands of the celerer, byside the Abbot's 
 alms-dishe, which amounteth to the sum of Sd. by the week ; and forasmuch for times past the said almes 
 of Standisiie to the sum aforesaid hath been di^tributed liist in money, and then after in brede, and now 
 last in corn, within the said monastery, the customable resort uhcrcof hatli caused many inconveniences 
 and inordinate beha\iour, as brawlynge, swearing, blasphemy, and lighting, with infective resort of the 
 sycke and unthrifty persons to the gi-eat disquietness of tlie said monastery, and noyfuU disturbance to the 
 odicers and inhabitants of the same, in remedyousc consideration whereof, and forasmuch hyt is left and 
 standeth at ande in the disposition and pleasure of the Abl)ot for the lime being, with consent of his bre- 
 therne, to make alteration and reformation as aforesaid, hyt hath pleased Willm, Ijy God's permisiion. Abbot 
 of the said monastery, by hole assent and consent of the convent thereof, the year of our Lord God mcccccxvi, 
 the eiglith yere of tiie reignc of King Henry the Eight, the grace of the holy gooste lirst invoked and 
 desired to the lauding of God, and for redemption of the founilatours' soules, with other benefaetois, bre- 
 tlierne and sisterne, and both quick and dead, to ordain, affirm anil atablish a certain fraternity in the honor 
 of the holy crosse of xiii pore men, conunonly to be called Peter's Men, devoutly to pray dayly for the fun- 
 datours and benefactors bretheine and sisterne of the said nionastei v, and to be founded and maintained 
 of the said mysordered issues, altered from corn to money, uitli further ayde and help tliereto added by |)ro- 
 vision of the said Abbot and Convent by reasonable statutes and discrete ordinances compiled and 
 auctoiysede for the inviolable observance of the same, and c\cr to be observed, in form and manner as after 
 fuUoweth : — 
 
 In Dei nuie amen. Forasnmch as e\ery thing without disciete order nray not long continue nor endure, 
 we order, decree, and autoryse, by this present ordinance and statute, xiii poie men honest to be assigned 
 and elect by the Abbot for the time being, fathers and brethren of his Convent first and jjiincipally to be 
 l)referred to the same ; secondly, servants, who by continuance of long time have spent well their youth in 
 the service of this Monastery; thirdly, tenants of the said Monastery not able to continue and maintain thrir 
 tenures, and namely of the lordship of Standish, and not without cause reasonable ; and after them f^ene- 
 
 rally
 
 iSa HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Cardinal Wolsey having been empowered by the Pope " to visit all persons and all 
 places, exempt and not exempt'," he exercised by his Commissary, in 15 25, a legan- 
 
 rally of the town and country nigh about, in default of other as aforesaid j of the which one of the dis- 
 creetest and honestest shall be by the Abbot assigned Prior of them, and to be preferred by them in all 
 jilaces, and for a distinction from them continually shall wear a scaplary of black cloth ; on the Saterday 
 afternoon weekly shall receive with the other 7d., Sit. the peece, and good money by the hands of the Sup- 
 pryor for the time being, whom we the Abbot and Convent as aforesaid enjoyne the charge, oversight, 
 governance, rewle, and pajments, receits, corrections, as pertaineth by these presents, for ever to endure; 
 who in part of his recompence of his charitable labours shall enjoy and annually receve half of all man- 
 ner of forisfactures, amerciaments, paynes, taxyd by these presents, upon a true accompt made unto the 
 Abbot of the said Monastery for the time being at the feast of Michaelmas ; the other part of the said foris- 
 factures to be delivered to the hands of the Chaunter by the said Abbot, to be employed for the reparacion 
 of bokes of the quere. Fuithermore we ordaine and assigne the Town Monk for the time being to pre- 
 jiare and ordain for the said brothers against the feast of St. John Baptist yearly xiii gownes and one 
 scaplary of black cloth, not under the price of xxd. the brode yard, every man receving for his gown and 
 hode iii brode yerdys in the least, or more if their stature shall require ; beside the scaplary and closse afore- 
 said, wering a large hode about their neckys continually, with a grete peyre of bedys ; likewise at all sesons 
 they be actually praying with the arms of the Monastery brodered and affixed on their right shoulders, the 
 value of each vi(/., and a crosse of redde and blew on their brests patent ; and so for all other, as aforesaid, 
 with which the said Towne Monke for the time being stands charged : provided always that their uttermost 
 vesture and hood be always black and honest, and to remain, if they defect for them, that shall succeed in 
 the said Monastery ; and the hode and bedys of every of them at their first entering to be consecrate at the 
 rowde auter by the Supprior or one for him, ther saying mass at the holy cross ; the poor may there kneel 
 in his gown during the mass, and after mass, with his hode and his bedys endued, immediately brought 
 down into their place by the said Sujjpryor, and there to be sworn to observe the secrets of the INIonastery, 
 and at his first entre to sit lowest of all his company, and so to continue at all sesons till another enterj 
 and at his first beginning to enter with his company at the long pecle of prime standing without their stalls, 
 their facys to the Prior, intending to the names of the foundeis, redde by him, conteyned in a table there 
 and for them, especially the poor, after this entering in to their stalls, and there kneeling in their order, 
 with their bedys in their hands, devoutly praying the time of prayer ; which done shall follow ther Pryor 2 
 and 2 up to the hygh auter, and ther to kneel in the lower gres, the Pryor in the middes, likewise praying 
 devoutly during the mass performed for the fundators ; and so come down to the stalls, and there to say a 
 prayer with ^he and Credo; and then do dej)art and go at their liberty till the high mass, commonly the last 
 mass, the comen prayers excepted ; and furthermore to be in the beginning of all masses of requiem for the 
 fundatours, contained and noted in their table ; and for all abbots of the Monastery, as at the high mass 
 of that day, and in their stalls, as aforesaid, to continue till the said mass be ended, saving the time of the 
 elevations of the blessed sacrament at the hygthe auter, and the auters in the body of the Church ; pro- 
 vided alwa}s the Chaunter or hys Dejwte, at every solemn masse of requiem and dyrige as is aforesaid, at 
 the beginning thereof, come down to their stalls, expressing to the Pryor of them the name or names of them 
 for whom the said dyrge and mass be sung ; and the masses, as aforesaid, ended, so depart till the first peele 
 of evensong, and then to come into the Prater, and there silting on the bench on the lowest end in their 
 order, and tliere to drink every day in the somer dayes till Michaelmas from the first Sunday in Lent and 
 other sesons of the ycre, but once receving eveiy day an holyer by the deliverance of the panter ; and 
 after they have drunk qiiyckely to depart, and prepare themselves in llieir stalls at the first beginning of 
 evensong or dirige, the seson of Magnificat standing up ; and so, e^ensonge ended, to depart ; as also they 
 do, from the feast of Michaelmas to the first Sunday in Lent, and other days in the year, to be at coniplvn ; 
 jirovided always that they enter their stalls aforesaiil the beginning of prime, mass, evensong, dirige, and 
 comi)lyn, as aforesaid: furthermore, in all processions about the Chuich, Cloisters, or other ways, we wi!' 
 they go two and two in order behind all other men, the Prior preceding them, and so return into their 
 
 » Piddes's Wolsey, p. 297. 
 
 stalls '
 
 ABBEY OF ST. PETER. 1S3 
 
 tine visitationof this Abbey, at which time their yearly revenues were ^.102-2. 15.V. l^d. 
 The average price of wheat was then taken between landlord and tenant at 8*. the quar- 
 ter*. The rent was therefore 20,456 bushels of wheat, which, at lOv. per bushel, is, in 
 modern money, ^.10,228. This Abbot beautified the South or King Edward's Gate; 
 repaired the abbatial lodgings, and the house at Prinknash ; built the tower at Barn- 
 wood, the vestry in the North transept, and a chapel on the North of the choir for his 
 burial-place. There his effigy lies prostrate on an altar monument. He is mitred, and 
 in pontificals. There were also his arms", placed upon his tomb, and the buildings 
 which he made or beautified*'. Like other Abbots, just before the Dissolution, he 
 granted long leases of the Conventual property, for sixty-one years, and other such pe- 
 riods". " He continued," says Willis, "Abbot till the Dissolution, when the Abbey 
 was surrendered up by the Prior, and not by Malverne; which perhaps may be the 
 reason why he had no pension allowed him, the King being not willing to oblige one 
 whom he found so stiff" in maintaining the rights of the Abbey." He is said to have 
 been a younger brother of the Parkers of Hasfield, whither he retired, and there died ". 
 
 stalls 5 and at all sesons, when they walk, as in the Church, Cloister, Fratry, and Dorter, and in other or- 
 dinary places, quietly to proceed, and in discreet silence, sadly, without laughing, or calling at any seson ; 
 provided always that there be no fynes ne further bondage required of I he said poor men by any of our bre- 
 therne, or any of us, otherwise than is assigned and enacted by these presents, les the Abbot for the time 
 being, with the consent of his brethren, shall suppose necessary. Furthermore, on our seven principal feasts 
 to be served first, and grace to be said by the Abbot in his hall, yefe he be present, and there to receve 
 every of them Id. by the hands of the said Abbot ; and if it shall fortune any of the said poor men, by rea- 
 son of natural sickness, to be absent any week or days, for the time so being to receve and take but half 
 their wages ; and ever more that thei ne depart, ne go out of the town, without license axede and obtained 
 of the said Abbot or Prior of the Monastery in his absence; and during the time of his absence nether to 
 receve ne to be paid wages ; and, furthermore, for every prime, mass, diiigc, evensong, complin, procession, 
 as aforesaid, yeffthey be absent from the hole of any of them, for every time to lose Is. 'id.; and for their 
 absence from j)art of the said hours, otherwise than afoiesaid, being without urgent necessity, as making 
 of water, or such other cause necessary, every time to lose Id. ; for not wearing the said abbyt, hood, or 
 beads, as aforesaid assigned, for every time spyede so transgressing to loese \d. : and that the Pryor of 
 them make dew report and accomj)! on the following day to the Paymaster of all and singidar of the trans- 
 gressions and forisfaetures, on payne of losing iiiirf. : and, to the further performance of the same, and 
 charges aforesaid, the Celercr for to pay in recompence of his brede, ale, and money, with other of his 
 charges, shall pay yearly, at the feast of the Annunciation of our Lady, and Saint Michael the Archangel, 
 vi/. 3s. 4d. by equal porcions, to the hands of the Aumer : and the residew, with all other charges necessary 
 as aforesaid, to be borne by the Aumer of his yssues of the Manor of Standish, devoted and paid to the said 
 Supprior and Paymaster at all times a moneth aforehande, without any delay or excuse to the conti~.uy, in 
 good money, to whom the charge of this, truly to be observed, is committed ; and to read and declare 
 the said ordinance to them at the end of every quarter in the year, jjlainly, so that they shall pretend no 
 ignorance therein, without any further addition, subtraction, or interruption of the same. Reg. Malverne, 
 fol. 99, seq. t Fleetwood, p. 121. 
 
 » Sable, on a bordure engrailed Or 8 jielleta, a buck passant between 3 pheons of the '2il. 
 
 V Furney. w Reg. D. n. 315, &e. MSS. Prinn. 
 
 ^ Furney. In his time Osberne the cellarer made a square tower North-west of the church-yard, jjart 
 of which is the gate leading to the Church of St. Maiy de Lode; and he repaired the Old Ram, in the 
 Upper Northgate Street ; over the door of which were the following lines, cut in wood : 
 En ruinosa dora' quOd.'i qua tufc renovavit 
 Monachus urban' Osburne John rite vocatus. Furney, Stukeley, &c. At
 
 lS4 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 At the dissolution of the Abbey, 31 Henry VHI., the number of Monks was thirty- 
 four, and the yearly income ^.1946. 5s. gd. (Dugdale), and ^.1550. 4*. 5^. (Speed). 
 Other accounts make the clear yearly sum .^.1430. 4*. 3^. exclusive of the cells. 
 Though there was much caprice in the earlier summonses of Abbots to Parliament, 
 yet in the reign of Edward HI. somewhat like a settled number of Houses became Par- 
 liamentary Abbies, and this was always oney. 1'he arms, according to some accounts> 
 (iules, two keys in saltire Or, (but, as others say, with the addition of a sword in pale 
 Argent,) were taken from the dedication to St. Peter. 
 
 Chartered Endowment of the See. — 
 
 RuDGE, 229. 
 
 TVlAwnns 
 
 County of Hereford. 
 
 County of Hereford. 
 
 IrX A Dl U n 3 > 
 
 Dewchurch, 
 
 Ash. 
 
 County of Gloucester. 
 
 Kilpeck, 
 
 Leominster, 
 
 Maisemore, 
 
 Glasbury, 
 
 Perm, 
 
 Brockthrop, 
 
 Devennocke, 
 
 Barn, 
 
 Harescomb, 
 
 Cowern, 
 
 Bunches, 
 
 Preston, 
 
 Ewias Harold. 
 
 St rood, 
 
 Longford, 
 
 County of Monmouth. 
 
 Lake. 
 
 Droiscorte, 
 
 Newport. 
 
 
 Rudge, and 
 
 
 Pensions. 
 
 Farley. 
 
 All Tithes or other 
 
 Vicar of Kempsford, 63s. 4d 
 
 County of Hereford. 
 
 Profits issuing from 
 
 Rector of Teynton, 26*. 8d. 
 
 Hope Maleshall, 
 
 County of Gloucester. 
 
 Rector of Rendcomb, 9s. 
 
 Dewchurch, 
 
 Standish, 
 
 Rector of Nymphsfield, 20.1.8 
 
 Kilpeck. 
 
 Coldrup, 
 Hardwick, 
 
 Vicar of Newport, 2f>s. 8</. 
 
 Estates. 
 
 Over Oxlinch, 
 
 Vicarages. — Patronagb 
 
 County of Gloucester. 
 
 Little llunwicke, 
 
 County of Gloucester. 
 
 Part of the Manor of Lassing- 
 
 Harsefield, 
 
 Hartpury, 
 
 ton, Vineyard, Mansion, and 
 
 Nether Oxlinch, 
 
 Maisemore, 
 
 Park. 
 
 Saul, 
 
 Upton Leonard's, 
 
 Portham Meadow, first shoot. 
 
 Putley, 
 
 Cam, 
 
 Moiety of a Wood called Wool- 
 
 Failey, 
 
 Northleacb, 
 
 ridge (500 acres), and the 
 
 Holyrood, 
 
 Kempsford , 
 
 Moiety of another Wood, called 
 
 Amney. 
 
 1 ' 
 South Cerney, 
 
 the Perch (16 acres). 
 
 County of Hereford. 
 
 Standish. 
 
 Rectories. 
 
 Devennock, 
 
 County of Hereford. 
 
 County of Gloucester. 
 
 Went worth, 
 
 Dewchurch, 
 
 Hartpury, 
 
 Talgarth. 
 
 Kilpeck, 
 
 Maisemore, 
 
 Cert.^in Portions of 
 
 Glasbury, 
 
 Upton Leonard, 
 
 Tithes. 
 
 Devennock, 
 
 Kenipsford, with its 
 
 County of Gloucester. 
 
 Cowern, 
 
 Hamlet Welford, 
 
 Aldesworth, 
 
 Ewias Harold. 
 
 South Cerney, 
 
 Linton, 
 
 County of Monmouth . 
 
 Standish. 
 
 Shipton Spiers. 
 
 Newport. 
 
 y Fuller's Church History, b. VL p.29'2. 
 
 Presen-
 
 BISHOPS. 
 
 185 
 
 Pkesentations to thksk 
 
 CHArELKIEj. 
 
 County of Gluucester. 
 Maiscmorc, 
 Cain, 
 
 Stinchcomb. 
 County of Hereford. 
 Piperton. 
 
 Reserved Rent to tlie Crown I 
 ^.33. 6s. 4(1. 
 
 " On an average of twenty 
 years the Revenues have never 
 exceeded ^.1200." 
 
 Rudge, 232. 
 
 Tlie best Preferments in the 
 Bishop's gift are, the 
 
 Archdeaconry of Gloucester, & 
 Vicarage of Standish. 
 
 King Henry the Eiglitli, by Charter dated Sept. 3, 1544, converted this Abbey into 
 a Bishoprick and Chapter. 
 
 JOHN WAKEMAN, the King's Chaplain, and last Abbot of Tewkesbury, was 
 made the first Bishop, and consecrated in 1541. He was the second son of Wilham 
 
 Wakeman, of Drayton, CO. Worcester, by heiress of Godespayne ; and 
 
 whereas an alias Uick or Wyth is tacked on to his name, the pedigree^ makes him 
 Rector of Wyth in the county of Gloucester, probably alluding to Withington. He 
 was appointed to inspect part of the Translation of the New Testament; and dying in 
 1549, was buried at Worthington (Wood thinks Forthampton), where he had a house 
 and private chapel *. 
 
 In 1550 the famous Hooper was made Bishop of Gloucester ; but the endowment 
 being deemed too scanty (or rather, perhaps, lands of the See of Worcester being 
 wanted by some Courtiers, which could not well be obtained by any other means,) 
 Worcester, upon the deprivation of Dr. Heath, was united to Gloucester, the latter 
 being at first converted into an Archdeaconry, but afterwards made a joint See. This 
 union, however, commenced and ended with the reign of Edward VI.'' 
 
 HOOPER, JOHN, was born in 1495, in Somersetshire; and entered, in 1514, of 
 Merton College, Oxford, where his uncle, John Hooper, was tutor. In 1 51 8 he took 
 the degree of B. A., and is supposed to have become a Cistercian Monk ; but disliking 
 the profession, returned to Oxford, where the writings of some of the Reformers con- 
 verted him to Protestantism. In 1539 the Statute of the Six Articles compelled him 
 to leave Oxford ; and he became Chaplain and Steward to Sir Thomas Arundel of 
 
 z Harl. MS. 6185. 
 
 a Atiien. Oxon. I. C*7. If the pedigree be correct, one would suppose Wythington, not Forlliampton, to 
 be meant; but other accounts make If'ytli an error for the Mythe near Tewkesbury, as a family residence. 
 
 1" Mr. Prinn, from the Patents, gives the following account of these transactions: — " This Bishoprick was 
 surrendered by Bishop Hooper to King Edward VI. anno 1.55'2 ; and all endowments annexed to the Bi- 
 shoprick by King Henry Vlll. surrendered by name and confirmed; rather, notified by the Dean and 
 Chapter of Gloucester. — Bishoprick of Gloucester dissolved by King Edward VI.; but the rights of the 
 (,'athedral are saved to the Dean and Clui])ter. The Bishop of Worcester and successors are impowered to 
 make Archdeacons of Worcester and Gloucester, and Prebendaries tolies quoties in botii Cathedrals. — What 
 lands and hereditaments, parcel of the Bishoprick, were surrendered to the King by Bishop Hooper, dotli 
 not appear ; nor whether they were parcel of the ancient .See of Worcester, whilst the Bishoprick of Glou- 
 cester stood severed from it ; but very probably they were parcel of the ancient See." MSS. Prinn. — If 
 SO; the motive was evident for the union. 
 
 B B Devonshire.
 
 ]86 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Devonshire. This gentleman, upon discovering his principles, discarded him, and he 
 was obliged to fly into France, where he continued until his dislike of some proceedings 
 there of the Reformed occasioned him to return to England. Being again in danger, he 
 escaped, in the disguise of a sailor, to Ireland, and from thence to Holland and Swit- 
 zerland. At Zurich he met with Bullinger, who gave him a friendly reception ; and 
 during his residence here he married a Burgundian lady. On the accession of King 
 Edward VI. he returned to London, where he frequently preached the reformed doc- 
 trines. The foreign notions which he had imbibed concerning Church government and 
 vestments, however, prevented that cordial co-operation with Cranmer and Ridley 
 which the times required. In doctrinal matters he nevertheless proved an able assistant, 
 and a good philosopher and critic. As he was one of the principal accusers for the 
 deprivation of Bonner, he was of course marked out in the next reign for a sacrifice. 
 By the interest of the Earl of Warwick he was made Bishop of Gloucester in 1550, 
 but refused consecration until he had obtained a royal dispensation for not wearing the 
 canonical habit. This defect of judgment (for assuredly every station which ought to 
 command publick veneration should, as essential to influence, be assisted by suitable 
 habiliments,) was his only fault. In frequent preaching, visitations, hospitality to the 
 poor, and other episcopal functions, his conduct was exemplary. Whether his holding 
 the See of Worcester iti commendam ought not to have been an objection from prin- 
 ciple, as much as surplices and rochets, must be resolved by the opinions of those 
 times, not of our own, which do not admit this improper kind of plurality. However, 
 he refused to recant when Mary ascended the throne, and died, with admirable fortitude, 
 Feb. 9, 1554 ''. He was undoubtedly a man of principle, according to the error of the 
 age, /. e. that virtue consisted in austerity, not probity and public good ; for he does 
 not seem to have known that Christianity lent no support to doctrines not of public 
 bearing. 
 
 Hooper was appointed to be burnt at Gloucester, because he had been most active 
 in that county against the Papists. After a journey from Newgate, of three days, 
 attended by six of the Queen's guards, he was brought to this city, and lodged in 
 the house of one Robert Ingram, opposite St. Nicholas's church. Jenkins and Bond, 
 the SherifTs, would have put him into the North-gate Prison, but were" dissuaded from 
 it by the Queen's guards. He had one day's interval ; and on Saturday the 9th of 
 February, being market-day, was led by the SheriflTs, attended by the Mayor, Lord 
 Chandois, Sir Edmund Bridges, Sir Anthony Kingston, and others, from Ingram's 
 house to a place near the Elm Tree, without the gate, on the North-west side of the 
 lower Church-yard ; where, not being permitted to speak to the people, who were 
 about 7000, as he was going, nor at the place of execution, and refusing all offers of 
 pardon, they chained him to a stake, and burnt him with three successive fires made 
 of green wood. He supported it for above three quarters of an hour. The Queen sent 
 an order that persons of reputation in the county should be called to assist the Mayor 
 
 c Chalmers, xVlII. 151, 153. 
 
 and
 
 BISHOPS. 187 
 
 and Sheriffs on this occasion ; and after the execution a dinner was provided at the 
 expence of the Corporation for those who were ordered to attend at it''. 
 
 JAMES BROOKES, D. D. some time Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 
 and afterwards Master of Baliol College, was elected in March 1553-4, and died either 
 September 7, 1558, or February 1559. He was a zealous Papist; but for the sake of 
 liis own comfort spent his fury mostly out of his diocese. This bigot was buried near 
 Abbot Parker's monument, without any inscription ^ 
 
 "About this time [1556J Brookes Bishop of Glocester was by the Cardinal! [Pole] 
 sent downe, as Commissioner from the Pope, to Oxford, there to sit upon the exami- 
 nation of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterburie, in such things as should be 
 laid to his charge by John Storie and Thomas Martin, Doctors in the Lawes, sent spe- 
 ciallie in commission from the Queene. At which time the said Archbishop, making 
 low obeisance to them that sat in the Oueene's name, shewed no token of reverence to 
 the Bishop that was the Pope's commissioner, who neverthelesse proceeded against him 
 as judge, and convicted him of heresie." ^ 
 
 Upon Brookes's death, JOHN BOWISHER, last Abbot of Leicester, had the 
 custody of the Temporals s, and was nominated Bishop, but prevented by the Queen's 
 death. A vacancy ensued for more than three years ^. 
 
 RICHARD CHEINEY, B.D. Fellow of Pembroke Hall, and afterwards of Christ's, 
 Cambridge, Archdeacon of Hereford, Rector of Maydesnorton, and of Bishop's Hamp- 
 ton, Vicar of Painswick, Prebendary of Westminster and of this Church, was elected 
 Bishop, March 9th, 1561-a, and held the See of Bristol in commendam. He died in 
 1579) and was buried under Abbot Parker's monument, without any inscription. He 
 was an opposer of the Papists'; excommunicated for contumacy April 20, I57I, but 
 absolved on the 12th of May following J. 
 
 The See was then vacant for nearly three years, that the Queen might satisfy herself 
 for ^.500, owing for the tenths of the Clergy. 
 
 JOHN BULLINGHAM, of Magdalen College, Oxford, Archdeacon of Hunting- 
 don, Prebendary of Worcester and Lincoln, Rector of Boxwell and Withington, was 
 consecrated to this See Sept. 3, 1581. He held the Vicarage of Painswick and Bishop- 
 rick of Bristol in commendam till 1589, when Dr. Fletcher succeeded to that See; and 
 in 1596 he obtained instead the Rectory of Kilmington, or Culmington, in Somerset- 
 shire. He died at Kensington about May 20, I59S, and was buried in this Cathedral, 
 without any memorial''. He was succeeded in 159S by 
 
 GODFREY GOLDSBOROUGH, a native of Cambridge, Fellow of Trinity Col- 
 lege in that University, Archdeacon of Worcester, Rector of Stockton, Archdeacon of 
 Salop, in the Church of Lichfield, Prebendary of London, Hereford, and Worcester, 
 
 >* Furney. e Richardson's Godwin, 55'2. f Holinshcd, IV. S3. 
 
 S Richardson's Godwin, SS'i. '' Furney. 
 
 i This Bishop's history is a strong proof how little reliance is to be placed on the biography of the times ; 
 first, he was posted as a Lutheran ; then said to die a Pajjist. Fuller's Church History, b. IX. n. 111. 
 j Richardson's Godwin, 5.V,'. *; Richardson's Godwin, 553, and Furney. 
 
 the
 
 188 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 the last of which he held in commendam with this See. He died in May 1 604, and 
 was buried in a httle chapel on the North side of the Lady's, on an altar-tomb, with a 
 painted effigy of him in his episcopal habit •. 
 
 THOMAS RAVIS, born at Maiden in Surrey, Chaplain to Archbishop Bancroft, 
 Rector of Bredon, and Dean of Christ Church, Oxford, where he had been Student, 
 was elected Bishop in 1604, and translated to London in 1607"". Whilst he was 
 Bishop he was at considerable expence in repairing his palace here, made several water- 
 courses, and repaired the Vineyard-house". His successor, July 12, 1607, was 
 
 HENRY PARRY, D. D. 'formerly Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 
 Rector of Bredon in Worcestershire, which he held /// commendam with the Deanery 
 of Chester. He was translated to Worcester in 1610°. This Bishop made the 
 pulpit in the body of the Cathedral at his own charge; and was very charitable to the 
 poor P. 
 
 GILES THOMPSON (or Tomson, as Richardson), D. D. of University College, 
 Oxford, Fellow of All Souls, Reader of Divinity in Magdalen College, Oxford^, Rector 
 of Pembridge, Canon of Hereford, and Dean of Windsor, (one of James's Translators 
 of the New Testament), was elected Bishop in 1611-12, but died in the June fol- 
 lowing, aged 59, and was buried at Windsor, where is an epitaph, copied byFurney, 
 which states him to have been a native of London. 
 
 MILES SMITH, a man of most extraordinary knowledge, one of the Translators 
 of the Bible, and a remarkable Orientalist, was born in the city of Hereford about 
 1568, and was first a Member of Corpus Christi College, then of Brazenose ; and, 
 when he took orders, Chaplain of Christ Church. At length he became Canon Resi- 
 dentiary of Hereford ; and, in l6l2, Bishop of this Diocese. He held with it, in com- 
 mendam, the Prebend of Hinton in the Church of Hereford, the Rectories of Upton 
 on Severn and Hartlebury in Worcestershire, and the first portion of Ledbur\-, called 
 Overhall. He died in l6'24, and was buried in his Cathedral. Bishop Smith was the 
 author of the Preface extant in the Church Bible; and used to say of himself, " he 
 was covetous of nothing but books."' Furney adds to this account, that he had been 
 Prebendary of Exeter; and translated the four major and the twelve minor Prophets. 
 He was very charitable; but Bishop Godwin annexes to the account of him the fol- 
 lowing memorial of erroneous bigotry : — " It is not to be passed over, that this man, 
 excessively addicted to the dogmas of Calvin, favoured beyond measure the Puritanical 
 Party; of which he gave a very culpable proof in the year \6\6. By order of his su- 
 periors, the altar-table was removed from the middle of the church to the Eastern end, 
 within the rails. This regulation, than which nothing could be more proper in the 
 view of piety or decency, this warm partizan of Calvinistic discipline took so ill, that, 
 for the remainder of his days, he never again set foot in his Cathedral Church."' 
 Upon his death Dr. John Preston was offered the Bishoprick, but waved it on ac- 
 
 1 Richardson's Godwin, 553, and Furney. "^ Richardson's Godwin, 194, 553. 
 
 n Furney. o Richardson's Godwin, 553. P Furney. 1 Richardson and Furney. 
 
 r Chalmers, XXVIII. p. Ill, \1%. s Richardson's Godwin, p. 554. 
 
 count
 
 BISHOPS. 189 
 
 count of his Lecture, which he preferred to it'. A very unworthy person next 
 occurs, one 
 
 GODFREY GOODMAN, D. D. of Trinity College, Cambridge, Prebendary of 
 Westminster, Rector of West Ildesley in Berkshire, and of Kemmerton in this Diocese 
 (the advowson of which he gave to the Corporation of Gloucester), Canon of Windsor, 
 and Dean of Rochester, was consecrated Bishop in 1624. He held in commendam 
 with it the Canonry of Windsor and Rectory of West Ildesley. Being inclined to 
 Popery, he sedulously opposed the Canons sanctioned by the Convocation in 1C4O, 
 and, at the request of that Synod, having given general offence, was suspended from 
 his office and benefit, his See being sequestrated, and himself committed to a Pursui- 
 vant, afterwards to the Gate-house. During the rage of the civil war he was persecuted 
 with the other Bishops, and sent mean petitions to Cromwell, as if such a man had 
 any feelings unconnected with popularity, or valued any but his partizans. He died 
 Jan. ig, 1655, and, as far as can be conjectured from passages in his will, a Papist". 
 Furney states it as an actual fact. A vacancy ensued till after the Restoration ; when, 
 upon the declination of Dr. Hacket to accept the See, 
 
 WILLIAM NICHOLSON, D. D. Archdeacon of Brecknock, Canon Residentiary 
 of St. David's, Vicar of Llandilovawr (Caermarthenshire), and Rector of Bishop's 
 Cleeve, was consecrated Jan. 13", 1660. He died in 167I, and was buried in the 
 Cathedral, with a memorial, written by Bishop Bull. It recites that he was a man of 
 episcopal gravity, charitable to the poor, and very courteous to his clergy and literati. 
 He was, it adds, born in Suffolk, and educated at Magdalen College, Oxford-^. He 
 published "A plain but full Exposition of the Catechism of the Church of England. 
 Enjoyned to be learned of every Childe before he be brought to be confirmed by the 
 Bishop. Collected out of the best Catechists, by the Right Reverend Father in God 
 William Lord Bishop of Gloucester." Mercurius Publkus, N"4, Jan- 23 — 30, 1661-2. 
 He was succeeded by 
 
 JOHN PRICKET, son of Waiter Pricket, of Cowley Hall, Middlesex, Esq. He 
 was of Oueen's College, Oxon, Vicar of St. (Giles's, Cripplegate, Rector of Harling- 
 ton, CO. Middlesex, Prebendary of St. Paul's, and, according to his epitaph, having 
 been Chaplain to Alice Countess of Derby, and removed from the Living of St. Andrew 
 Undershaft in London, through loj^alty and integrity, was promoted to this See in 
 \()12. He died Jan. 1, 16"S(), and was buried, says Richardson, at Harefield, in 
 Middlesex ' ; where is a monument for him. His successor, 
 
 ROBERT FRAMPTON, was the son of a farmer at Pimpern in Dorsetshire, and 
 educated at Blandford, and removed from thence to Corpus Christi College in Oxford, 
 which he left for Christ Church. After taking the degree of B. A. he set up a semi- 
 nary at Turnham, and, though a layman, was elected soon after Master of the Free- 
 school at Ciillingham. Not long after he was admitted into holy orders. On account 
 
 ' Furney. " Uiclianlson's Godwin, p. 554. ^ ia.n. 6, 1'lirney. 
 
 y Richardson's Godwin, p. 554, and Furney. ^ Richardson, ubi sup. and Furney. 
 
 of
 
 190 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 of his political opinions he was obhged to take refuge in the family of the Earl of 
 Elgin ; which he left in 1655 for the Chaplainship of the Factory at Aleppo. Upon 
 the voyage a curious phaenomenon ensued. The ship on a sudden gave a mighty surge, 
 as if her back was broke ; and the greatest distress prevailed, from the general opinion 
 that she had struck upon a rock, and would sink. No leak or other damage could be 
 discovered, nor was the vessel in soundings. It proved to be the result of an earth- 
 quake^. During a journey of Mr. Frampton's to Constantinople, a Quaker had taken 
 it into his head to travel all that way, in order to convert the Grand Seignior. For 
 this purpose he wrote a letter, beginning, " To thee, Mahometan, by men of earth 
 commonly called Emperour of the Turks." Mr. Frampton, knowing that such an 
 attempt might cost the poor fellow either renunciation of his religion, or loss of life, 
 acquainted the English Ambassador, who sent for, and remonstrated with, the devotee. 
 All was in vain : till the Ambassador, in order to save the man, and prevent danger to 
 his fellow-countrymen, ordered the administration of the bastinado to the soles of his 
 feet. The experiment succeeded, and the humbled zealot returned to England, where 
 he set up a shop at Deal ; and many years after returned thanks to the Bishop for 
 saving his life^^. Mr. Frampton travelled all over the Holy Land and Egypt, where, 
 in confutation of the assertion that it never rained in that country, he saw a shower 
 fall, but in great drops, very distant from one another*^. In I666 Mr. Frampton re- 
 turned to England*^, and soon after preached before the King. In l66j he married 
 Mrs. Mary Caning (who lies buried in the Lady Chapel of the Cathedral), and again 
 returned to Aleppo, leaving his wife in England. In 1C70, having petitioned the 
 Company to appoint a successor, he returned to England ; where he soon after became 
 Preacher at the Rolls Chapel, and Prebendary of Gloucester and Salisbury; in 1673, 
 Dean of the former. Soon after he was presented to the livings of Fontmell and Oak- 
 ford Fitzpain, in Dorsetshire. In I680 he was promoted to this See. He afterwards 
 resigned his Dorsetshire livings, and took those of Avening and Standish, 
 
 About this period an incident occurred, which shows the apostolical zeal of the good 
 Bishop; and is interesting from its reference to a public character too well known, the 
 infamous Judge Jeffries. 
 
 " The Lord Chancellor Jefferys's fate and usage at the revolution is well known, 
 who making his escape in a sea-habit, was apprehended, and with much disgrace and 
 insult committed to the Tower, and there he lay sick with the gout, and disconsolate 
 enough, not one soul of the many he had preferred and befriended, when in power, 
 giving him a visit; when the Bishop of Gloster, scarcely acquainted with him, and 
 never obliged by him, gave him a friendly" visit, and found him sitting in a low chair, 
 with a long beard on, and a small pot of water by him, and weeping with himself; his 
 tears were, as the Bishop observed, very great ones. He accosts him in a Christian 
 
 a Life of Bishop Frampton, MS. pentjs Mr. Counsell, p. 2S. This Life was either written by the Bishop 
 himself, or some one to whom he dictated it ; for it is too minute in particulars to have been composed in 
 any other form. 
 
 i> Id. p. 74. c Id. p. 100. <^ Id. p. 105. 
 
 stile,
 
 BISHOPS. 101 
 
 stile, and says, ' My lord, I see you are disconsolate; I find you weeping; if, my lord, 
 either of them be upon the score of the hardships you labour under at present, e'en 
 cast away the one, and dry up the other as unworthy either a man or a Christian; but 
 if they are from the reflection you make upon your past life, in which something must 
 needs be done amiss, for no man liveth and sinneth not, weep on, and spare not ; 
 these tears of yours are more precious than diamonds.' There was then some part of 
 his family with him ; and to this his lordship rcplyed, ' My lord, all the disgraces I 
 have suffered hitherto I can bear, and by God's grace will submit to what evermore 
 shall befall me, since I see so much of the goodness of God in sending you to me; 
 you, that I never in the least deserved any thing from, for you to visit me, when 
 others who had their all from me desert me ; it can be no other than the motion of 
 God's Spirit in you. I thank you for fatherly advice, and desire your prayers that I 
 may be able to follow it, and beg that you would add to this the friendship of another 
 visit, at what time I would (sa^^s he) receive the sacrament;' which he did with great 
 devotion, with his wife and children, at the Bishop's hands, and in a few days dyed in 
 peace of mind."^ 
 
 The following extraordinary account is given of James's Abdication : — " King James 
 the Second, though professedly a Papist, had refused the Pope to entertain an alliance 
 then forming against France, for no other end but to restore his Holyness to his exor- 
 bitant pretences in that kingdom, from whence he was well nigh banished: and had 
 not a war ensued, in all probability would soon have had no more authority there than 
 Henry the Eighth allowed him in England; but upon King James's refusal, the old 
 Pope Innocent the Eleventh resolves to depose him, and since the old way would not 
 do, he looks about for a successor, and fit tools to work with, and soon found both an 
 ambitious son and crafty Jesuitical statesmen ; so that whatever satisfaction that King 
 might have in the church of Rome, he had little thanks to pay the head of it ; then 
 every thing that was odious the King must be drawn into, contrary to his own incli- 
 nations, and the advice of his best friends, that his ruine might be the more inevita- 
 ble ; but the greatest obstacle was his eldest daughter, who must be drawn from her 
 filial affection, which was great', and abhorrent of what ensued ; this was a task im- 
 posed upon a Scottish fugitive priest, a true blew Protestant, and in three years he 
 prevailed upon her to consent to her father's deposition to support the Protestant reli- 
 gion, contrary to the Protestant doctrine ; and upon this view an alliance was formed, 
 the first article of which was, that a war be declared with France, and no peace to be 
 made with Lewis the XIV. till he had made reparacions to the Holy See, and annulled 
 his infamous proceedings against our holy ftither Pope Innocent the Eleventh : this 
 was signed by Protestant Princes, and the Prince of Orange was at least so far recon- 
 ciled to Rome, and by her apostolical benediction sent to possess himself of the king- 
 dom of England. Of all the preparations and design King James was apjirized by 
 the French King, who offered to enter into a strict alliance with him, but that proposal 
 
 e MS. Life, pp. ig-i, VJi. ^ P. 1/8. 
 
 was
 
 192 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 was rejected, and too great a dependance upon his own subjects trusted to ; the then 
 Dutch Ambassadour, Van Cettars, denyd his master's designs, being never trusted with 
 the secret; at length the Armada landed in the West." s James abdicated, &c. [It is 
 certain, that the Pope had no faith in James's project of reviving Popery.] 
 
 Though the good Bishop strenuously opposed James's efforts to introduce Popery, 
 yet he conceived his oath of allegiance to be indissoluble. From events, connected 
 with this conscientiousness, we derive the following anecdotes of King William and 
 Queen Mary : 
 
 " The Prince of Orange possest himself of the King's houses, and out of respect to 
 the bloud royal, many of the first quality poured upon him, as having of the one side 
 the same bloud in his veins; among these, the Bishop of Gloster was one, and became 
 a suiter for him, whom no man appeared for beside; for in his address of respect to 
 the Prince, he besought him to take care of his lawful and injured Sovereign, and had 
 this sour answer — ' I will take care of the Church.''' 
 
 " The Prince of Orange, till the Convention met, diverted himself at Hampton 
 Court, and there the Bishop of Gloster was desired to preach before him, as he did 
 upon those words of the Prophet to the hospitable Shunamite, 2 Kings, 4, I3, ' Since 
 thou hast been careful for us, with all this care, what shall be done for thee,' &c. and 
 she said, ' I dwell among my own people ;' from which he spake of the generosity of 
 relieving the distressed, and the gratitude due for the same, and concluded with the 
 words of the famous Cneas to his ambitious master Phyrrus (sic), ' What hinders but 
 that you may set bounds to your ambition, and be happy with your own.' This the 
 Prince took special notice of, and said to some gentlemen about him, ' I perceive' the 
 Bishop of Gloster don't expect a translation'."'' 
 
 Soon after, the Bishop was deprived for refusing the new oaths ; and after experi- 
 encing a variety of petty persecutions, retired to his living of Standish, where he 
 passed the remainder of his days in acts of devotion and charity. Here he was in 
 narrow circumstances, "and when the case was represented to the King, he was pleased 
 to say, ' that he always took the Bishop of Gloster for an honest man ; he preached 
 before me,' says he, 'at Hampton Court, when I came over first, and shall never forget 
 his sermon ;' and then enquired of his circumstances, and being told they were strait, 
 he said, ' he deserves a better maintenance.' " ' 
 
 In a conversation between Bishop Frampton and the then Prelate of Lichfield and 
 Coventry, the following account is given of Oueen Mary : — " He [the latter Bishop] 
 began to commend the new governours, and spake much of the piety and charity of 
 the Queen ; to which was asked, ' Did she ever send one farthing to her own father, 
 who she sent to beg his bread ; my lord, you are her almoner, and in the place of her 
 confessor, and God expects that you deal faithfully with her soul.' To which he, after 
 a little pause, said, ' You know, my lord, in whose hands he is.' ' Who,' saith the 
 
 s Id. p. 179. I' Id. p. 180. ' P. isi. 
 
 k P. 182. I MS. Life, p. 197- 
 
 Bishop
 
 BISHOPS. 193 
 
 Bishop of Gloster, ' drave him thither, restitution when in our power is a necessary 
 article in our repentance, I will not add what the consequence of the want of it may 
 be.' Says the Bishop of Lichfield, ' I can assure you, she never speaks of her father 
 but with tears in her eyes.' Says the Bishop again, ' Did you, my lord, never read of a 
 creature that is said to shed tears when it devours : I am excluded, but you have the 
 opportunity of dealing with all, as your office requires ; but I will not press this any 
 further;' and so that discourse ended.""" 
 
 It seems, that her Majesty had such a value for Bishops Kenn and Frampton, that 
 she would have been glad to have had them at any rate, and when she saw they would 
 not comply, she said " she knew they affected martyrdome, and could doubtlesse bear 
 it, but she would disappoint them both."" 
 
 The fact is, that his loyalty was a principle, which both William and Mary highly 
 respected, though they could not approve its subject. 
 
 In those days the Quakers were as insane and outrageous, as they are now wise and 
 benevolent, being in point of fact, under another religious creed, the ancient Philoso- 
 phers of the Classical Age; wearing a peculiar garb, and acting individually and in a 
 body upon one particular code of abstract dogmas. Another adventure with one of 
 this sect, shows Bishop Frampton to have been a man of humour : — The Bishop 
 stepped into a little parlour, expecting nobody there, but finding one man, he saluted 
 him by taking off his hat ; the other answered him by a nod, which the Bishop taking 
 notice of, turned about and went off, saying, " Art thou one of the cattle they call 
 Quakers?" The man followed him out, and says, " Friend, thy terms are gross, why 
 cattle ?" to which the Bishop replys, " If it displease thee, let it be creatures." ° 
 
 The good Bishop, occasionally persecuted for exercising episcopal functions by his 
 little-minded successor?, died and was buried at Standish, in 1708, 
 
 FOWLER, (EDWARD), a learned writer, was born in 1632 at Westerleigh, of 
 which place his father was minister, but ejected for Non-conformity after the Restora- 
 tion. He was educated at the College School, under William Russell, who had mar- 
 ried his sister. In the beginning of 1650 he became Clerk of Corpus Christi College, 
 Oxford; and because, says Wood, " he was tvell endowed with the spirit, and gifted 
 with extemporary prayer,"'' became Chaplain. Removing to Cambridge he there took 
 his second degree in lCr,6 ; and about the same time was presented by Arabella Dow- 
 ager Countess of Kent to the rectory of Northill, in Bedfordshire. His excellent moral 
 writings so recommended him to Archbishop Sheldon, that in order to introduce him 
 into the metropolis, he collated him in 1673 to Allhallows, Bread Street. In 1675-6 
 he was made Prebendary of Gloucester ; and in 1681 became Vicar of Giles's Cripple- 
 gate, upon which he resigned the living of Allhallows. During the struggle between 
 Protestantism and Popery, his defence of the former occasioned him in ifJSs to be 
 prosecuted, among otlier packed offences, for Whiggism. After a trial at Doctors' 
 
 '" MS. Life, p. ■200. ■> Id. p. ]'J9. " Id- P- 216. 
 
 P In the Brit. Mus. MSS. are some i>apers of Bishop Fc.wler on ihis head. See N" '226'2, Ayscough's 
 Catalogue. 
 
 c c Commons,
 
 J94 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Commons, he was suspended upon pretence of having infringed the Canons. At thfe 
 Revolution he was rewarded for his integrity, being in 16'91 preferred to the See of 
 Gloucester, and continued there till his death at Chelsea, in I714. In 1671 he pub- 
 lished a work, called the " Design of Christianity," which was attacked by the cele- 
 brated John Bunyan. This produced from Dr. Fowler a pamphlet with the following 
 extraordinary title, highly indicative of the manners of the age, " Dirt wiped out ; or, 
 a Manifest Discovery of the gross Ignorance, Erroneousness, and most Unchristian 
 Spirit of one John Bunyan, Lay Preacher in Bedford," &c. 1672, 4to. Poor Bunyan, 
 who is destined to immortal fame, little deserved these accusations ; for, setting aside 
 the interest of the " Pilgrim's Progress," his curious work, the strong bias of his power- 
 ful genius to divinity is shown by the book being the best known system of Calvinism 1. 
 
 His successor was RICHARD WILLIS, a native of Bewdley in Worcestershire, 
 Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, who was made King's Chaplain, and Chaplain- 
 General to the Army, because he was able to preach extempore, or recite his sermons 
 from memory''. He was afterwards Sub-preceptor to the Duke of Gloucester, Pre* 
 bendary of Westminster, and Dean of Lincoln. In January 1714 he was consecrated 
 to this See; translated to Salisbury in 1721, and in I725 to Winchester, where he 
 was buried '. 
 
 The next Bishop, 
 
 Dr. JOSEPH WILCOCKS, was born at Bristol in l6-[S ; became a Demy and 
 Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, from merit, and while young went out Chaplain 
 to the English Factory at Lisbon, where he acquired much respect by attending patients 
 under the small-pox, though he had never had it. On his return to England he was 
 appointed Chaplain to George I. and Preceptor to his royal grand-daughters the chil- 
 dren of George II. He had also a Prebend of Westminster; and in 1721 was made 
 Bishop of this See, the episcopal palace of which he repaired. It had for a consi- 
 derable time before stood uninhabited. In 173I he was translated to Rochester, with 
 the Deanery of Westminster annexed. All higher preferment he refused, saying with 
 his predecessor, Fisher, "Though this my wife be poor. I must not think of changing 
 her for one more opulent." He died March 9, I756, leaving an only son, author of 
 the " Roman Conversations." Bishop Wilcocks was remarkable for promoting publick 
 works. The fine West-front of Westminster Abbey was built during his Deanship *. 
 
 ELIAS SYDALL, born at Norwich, Fellow of Ben'et College, Cambridge, Chap- 
 lain to the Archbishop of Canterbury, Prebendary and afterwards Dean of that Church, 
 was translated to this See from St. David's, in I73I, and held the Bishoprick, with 
 the Deanery above mentioned, till his death, in 1733". 
 
 A considerable dispute now ensued, concerning this ])referment. Dr. Bundle was 
 Domestic Chaplain to Bishop Talbot [of Durham], and when that prelate died, in 
 
 q Chalmers, XV. p Iff. r Richardson's Godwin, p. 245. 
 
 s Richardson's Godwin, p. 245, and Furney. The Author has been informed, that a grandson of this 
 Bishop is now a linen-draper at Stroud. 
 
 t Chalmers, XXXII. 47, 4S. Richardson, 555. u Richardson's Godwin, 556. , 
 
 1730,
 
 BISHOPS. 195 
 
 1730, his son, the Lord Chancellor, particularly distinguished Dr. Rundle as his friend, 
 and entertained him on the same terms as his father had done. The first effort, how- 
 ever, which his lord<hip made for his advancement was attended with very extraordi- 
 nary consequences, and formed the basis of a controversy of considerable warmth, 
 althouf^h not of long duration. In December 1733 this See becoming vacant, by the 
 death of Dr. Sydall, the Lord Chancellor solicited that preferment for his friend Dr. 
 Rundle, but was refused. Dr. Edmund Gibson, Bishop of London, had at this time 
 the greatest weight in ecclesiastical appointments, and had long entertained doubts of 
 Dr. Bundle's principles. This could not have arisen from his former intimacy with 
 Whiston, and his forbearance of Chubb, the jjrofessed foes of modern episcopacy, 
 but is said to have proceeded from information given him by Mr. Vens, minister of St. 
 Antholin's, who reported an improper conversation held by Dr. Rundle in his presence, 
 which Dr. Bundle afterwards declared he never had held, and that the obnoxious words 
 must have been used by some other person in company. Dr. Gibson, however, pe- 
 remptorily declared against the admission of a suspected Deist to the sacred bench, and 
 Lord Talbot, we are told, after ably asserting the injustice of the charge, and detecting 
 means that were made use of to support it, withdrew his petition with disdain. 
 
 All this could not be known without exciting considerable interest in the public mind. 
 In a few weeks a pamphlet appeared, entitled " Reasons alledged against Dr. Rundle's 
 Promotion to the See of Gloucester ;" and this was written by Dr. Sykes, and followed 
 by several other pamphlets, of which Dr. Disney, in his " Life of Sykes," has given a 
 list of ten. Even Whiston vindicated his old friend in a very candid manner. Per- 
 haps the best vindication is in a Letter to Mr. Duncombe, originally published in 
 " Hughes's Correspondence," which Dr. Rundle wrote in the confidence of friendship, 
 and in which he appears to use no disguise. As to Dr. Sykes's pamphlets, they were 
 evidently written more with a view to raise a clamour against Dr. Gibson, than to serve 
 the interest of Dr. Rundle. The issue of this matter however was, that the Bishop of 
 London proposed Dr. Benson, the friend of Dr. Rundle, for the vacant See of Glouces- 
 ter, and Dr. Rundle was soon after promoted to the lucrative Bishoprick of Derry, 
 in Ireland, to which he was consecrated February 1734-,') "• 
 
 MARTIN BENSON, D. D. of Cambridge, but some time student of Christ Church, 
 Oxford, Archdeacon of Berks, and Prebendary of Durluun. (See Epitaphs.) 
 
 Upon his death, WILLIAM JOHNSON, D. D. (before Student of Christ Church, 
 Second Master of Westminster School, King's Chaplain, Canon of St. Paul's,) suc- 
 ceeded, and being translated to Worcester, November 9, 1759j was followed by the 
 celebrated Warburton. 
 
 WILLIAM WARBURTON was eldest son of George Warburton, solicitor, town- 
 clerk of Newark-upon-Trcnt, and born December 24, iC'yS. He was successively edu- 
 cated under a Mr. Tvvells, a Mr. Wright, and his cousin William Warburton, Head 
 Master of Newark School. He was not at school any way distinguished. After 
 
 » Chalmers, XXVI, 4(i4, 4Gr,. 
 
 servine
 
 196 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 serving a clerkship at East Markham, in Nottinghamshire, he entered into the law, 
 which he practised at his native place for some years. Want of encouragement is as- 
 signed as the cause of his alteration of profession ; and in 17^23 he received Deacon's 
 orders, and in 1726 those of Priest's, when, by the interest of his early patron, Sir 
 Robert Sutton, he was preferred to the small vicarage of Gryesley, in Nottinghamshire. 
 In 1728 Sir Robert presented him to the rectory of Burnt or Brand Broughton, in the 
 neighbourhood of Newark, where he fixed himself, accompanied by his mother and 
 sisters, to whom he was ever a most affectionate relative. Here he pursued his studies 
 with the most intense application. The first volume of the " Divine Legation of Moses" 
 was published in 1 737-8, and attracting the notice of the Prince of Wales, he became 
 Chaplain to his Royal Highness. In March I739 he had nearly lost his life by a 
 fever. His reputation continued rising, and a Defence of Pope's Essay on Man 
 against the attacks of Crousaz, procured him the friendship of that celebrated poet. 
 Pope introduced him to Ralph Allen, Esq. of Prior Park, and in 1745 he married 
 that gentleman's niece, Miss Tucker, who survived him. In 1747 he was unanimously 
 called by the Society of Lincoln's Inn to be their preacher. In September I754 he was 
 appointed one of his Majesty's Chaplains in Ordinary ; in 1755 Prebendary of Dur- 
 ham ; in 1757, Dean of Bristol; and in I760 Bishop of this See. Like Marlbo- 
 rough and Swift, he fell in the decline of years into a melancholy habit, aggravated by 
 the loss of his only son, and died June 7, 1779? in the 8 1st j'ear of his age. He was 
 buried in the cathedral. Johnson's character of this great genius has been often 
 copied ; and it is therefore more novel to give the fine and able character of him by a 
 recent periodical critick : " Warburton's whole constitution, bodily as well as mental, 
 seemed to indicate that he was born to be an extraordinary man : with a large and 
 athletic person he prevented the necessity of such bodily exercises as strong consti- 
 tutions usually require, by rigid and undeviating abstinence. The time thus saved 
 was uniformly devoted to study, of which no measure or continuance ever exhausted 
 his understanding, or checked the natural and lively flow of his spirits. A change in the 
 object of his pursuit was his onlv relaxation ; and he could pass and repass from fathers 
 and philosophers to Don Quixote in the original, with perfect ease and pleasure. His 
 master-faculty was reason, and his master science was theology ; the very outline of 
 which last, as marked out by this great man for the direction of young students, sur- 
 passes the attainments of many who have the reputation of considerable divines. One 
 deficiency of his education he had carefully corrected by cultivating logic with great 
 diligence. The great error of his character was the manner in which he treated his 
 opponents, or even those who diflered from him in opinion. He had the cruel and 
 anatomical faculty of dissecting the characters of his antagonists, and laying bare with 
 professional indifierence the quivering fibres of an agonized victim. The mangled limbs 
 of the unfortunate enemy were held up with savage derision to the scorn or commisera- 
 tion of mankind. His places of execution, as has been wittily observed, were his pre- 
 faces and notes. His ' Divine Legation' is one of the few theological, and still fewer 
 controversial works, which scholars perfectly indifferent to such subjects will ever read 
 
 with
 
 BISHOPS. 
 
 197 
 
 with delight. The novelty of the hypothesis, the masterly conduct of the argument, 
 the hard blows which this champion of orthodoxy is ever dealing about him against 
 the enemies of both, the scorn with which he represses shallow petulance, and the in- 
 imitable acuteness with which he exposes dishonest sophistry, the compass of litera- 
 ture which he displays, his widely extended views of ancient polity and religion, but, 
 above all, that irradiation of unfailing and indefectible genius, which like the rich sun- 
 shine of an Italian landscape, illuminates the whole — all these excellencies will rivet 
 alike the attention of taste, and reason, and erudition, as long as English literature 
 shall exist ; while many a standard work, perhaps equally learned and more con- 
 vincing, is permitted to repose upon the shelf. But it is in his episodes and digres- 
 sions that Warburton's powers of reason and brilliancy of fancy are most conspicuous. 
 They resemble the wanton movements of some powerful and half-broken quadruped, 
 who disdaining to pace along the highway under a burden, which would subdue every 
 other animal of his species, starts aside at every turn to exercise the native elasticity of 
 his muscles, and throw off the waste exuberance of his strength and spirits." y 
 
 Many interesting particulars of Bishop Warburton and his friends may be found 
 in Mr. Nichols's " Literary Anecdotes" and " Literary Illustrations." Mrs. Warbur- 
 ton, his widow, remarried in J781, the Rev. John Stafford Smith, who, in her right, 
 became owner of Prior Park. 
 
 To Warburton succeeded the Hon. JAMES YORKE, LL.D. translated to this See 
 from St. David's, in 1779, and removed to Ely in July 1781. He frequently resided 
 at Forthampton, having acquired the manor and seat by marriage with the only 
 daughter and heir of Dr. Isaac Madox, Bishop of Worcester. He died Aug. 26, 1808, 
 and was buried at Forthampton. " During his episcopacy (says Archdeacon Rudge), 
 the Isle of Ely was much improved in morals, in social order, and general felicity." 
 
 His successor was 
 
 SAMUEL HALLIFAX, born at Mansfield, in Derbyshire, in 1733. He was the 
 eldest son of Mr. Samuel Hallifax, apothecary, by Hannah, daughter of Mr. Jebb, of 
 Mansfield ; by which alliance our Author became first cousin of the late Sir Richard 
 and Dr. John Jebb. He was of Jesus College, Cambridge, was in the list of wranglers, 
 obtained the Chancellor's gold medal for classical learning, and some prize dissertations. 
 He afterwards removed to Trinity Hall, where are only two fellowships in Divinity. 
 In 1 7G5 lie became rector of Chadington, Bucks ; in 1 768 Professor of Arabick in Cam- 
 bridge ; resigned in 177O for the Regius Professorship of Civil Law ; in 1770 Master 
 of the Faculties of Doctors Commons ; in I774 Chaplain in Ordinary to the King ; in 
 1778 rector of Worsop in Nottinghamshire, on the presentation of Mrs. Galley, relict 
 of Dr. Galley, one of the Prebendaries of this cathedral, without solicitation ; in 1781 
 Bishop of Gloucester, from whence he was translated to St. Asaph in I787, being the 
 first English prelate who was translated to that See. He died of the stone, March 4, 
 1 7yo, when only 57 years of age, and was buried at Worsop. He published his lectures 
 
 y .Quarterly Review. Chalmers, XXXI. p. 100 seq. 
 
 on'
 
 198 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 on civil law and some theological works ; being an excellent civilian, and a very acute 
 and elegant publick speaker^. 
 
 RICHARD BEADON, D. D. was elected in 1789. He was Master of Jesus Col- 
 lege, Cambridge, Archdeacon of London, Chancellor of St. David's, and Rector of Orsett 
 and Stanford Rivers in Essex. On his lordship's translation to Bath and Wells in 
 1802, 
 
 GEORGE ISAAC HUN TINGFORD, D. D. Warden of Winchester College, was 
 elected : and being translated in 1815 to Hereford, was succeeded by the 
 
 Hon. HENRY RYDER, Dean of Wells, the present Bishop, brother of the Earl of 
 Harrowby. His lordship's first preferments were the livings of Lutterworth (once 
 held by WicklifFe) and Claybrook, in Leicestershire. In 1808 he was preferred to a 
 Canonry of Windsor, exchanged in l8l2for the Deanery of Wells. In August 1815, 
 his lordship was consecrated Bishop of this See, upon which he resigned his two liv- 
 ings, but retained his Deanery in co?Hwe/?cfa/H. In 1802 he married Sophia, second 
 daughter of Thomas March Phillipps, Esq. of Garendon Park, in Leicestershire, and 
 sister to the present Member for that county, by whom his lordship has issue ten 
 children ^ 
 
 ABBATIAL RESIDENCES; one the Bishop's Palace.— 
 VINEYARD.— PRINKNASH. 
 
 THE Abbots at first used to reside in the Monastery, and sleep in the Dormi- 
 tory, nor was it till after the early Norman aeras that they had separate habitations. 
 
 At what time this building was first erected for the Abbot, does not appear. The 
 first notice is a memorable anecdote. About the year 1318 K.ing Edward II. made 
 a visit to (iloucester, and was honourably received by the Abbot and Convent. The 
 King sitting at table in the Abbots' Hall, and seeing there the figures of tlie Kings his 
 predecessors painted [in fresco on the walls], enquired jocosely of the Abbot, whether 
 he had him painted among them or not. To this the Abbot replied more prophetically, 
 than in conversation, that he hoped to have him in a much more honourable place than 
 that : and so it proved, by his interment in the church •>. 
 
 2 Chalmers, XVII. 79. a Inform. Hon. and Rt. Rev. the Lord Bishop of Gloucester. 
 
 h " Tempore istiusAbbatis [Tokey] circiter A.D. 131S, Edwanlus Rex, lil. Reg. Edw. I. veniens in Glouc. 
 Abbas et conventus eum honorilicfe suscepit ; qui sedens ad mcnsam in Aula Abbatis, et ibidem vidcns de- 
 pictas figuras Regum predecessorum suorum, jocosfe sciscitabatur ab Abbate, utrum haberet eum depictum 
 inter ipsos an non ? Cui resjiondit magis prophetando quam fabulando, quod speraret seipsum habituruni 
 in honestiore loco quam ibi. Quod ita evenit ; nam post mortem ejus, vcnerabile ejus corpus quaedani 
 Yicina monasteria, viz. Sc' Augustini de Bristol, Scse Mariae de K!ngeswode,Sc' Aldelmi de Malmesbury, ob 
 
 teiioreni
 
 ABBATIAL RESIDENCES. 199 
 
 The Abbot's Lodging was then in the main a new fabric, for John Wigmor, 
 afterwards Abbot, while he was Prior, built the Abbot's chamber, near the garden of 
 the Infirmary. This was between the years I.307 and 1337 ; i. e. during the two Ab- 
 bacies of Tokey and Wigmore. 
 
 Thomas Horton, Abbot from 135I to 1377) enlarged the Abbot's Chapel towards 
 the Infirmary garden; and here was then probably set up the picture provided by 
 Abbot Wigmore '^. 
 
 Whoever is acquainted with the stone dwelling-houses, not castellated mansions, be- 
 longing to the age of Edward 111. such as is God's house at Southampton, will see 
 strong traces of the original building in the general lowness of the Episcopal Palace, 
 as viewed from the North. Abbot Malvern, early in the l6th century, is stated to 
 have rebuilt or repaired a great part of it, and certainly the projecting stone bow- 
 windows, in the same Northern side, are characteristick of his age. 
 
 At the dissolution the account shows how much it had been enlarged with of- 
 fices. The account given in the Charter of Foundation of the then existing state of 
 this edifice is a curious picture of the style of houses in that day. 
 
 The first thing mentioned is a hall, covered with lead, to which adjoined a pantry, 
 buttery, kitchen, two small larders, and a certain lobby, called a hall, at the East end 
 of which was a cistern or stew for keeping fish, supplied with fresh water ; and at the 
 West end, a large servants' bed-chamber, where the said servants used also to eat. On 
 the South of the lobby was a way to another pantry, buttery, and cellar. 
 
 The hall, covered with lead, seems to have been the present Great Hall, with its re- 
 quisite accompaniments belonging to the cooks' and butlers' offices, as usual in all the 
 great halls. The fishpool was necessary on account of the fast-days. The lobby was 
 a sort of servants' hail, where they could wait without interfering with the cook's or 
 butler's offices, the entrances of which were guarded by hatch-doors, from whence, 
 not being allowed to go further, they received the viands and drink. Even within 
 the present century the visitors at the Baths of Buxton used to sleep all in one large 
 room '^ ; and the butteries and pantries were necessary, when the custom was to deal 
 out provisions by weekly or other rations, to each class of servants. On the North 
 part of this large servants' bed-room, was another square one, and three others built 
 over it. This ])ortion of the house appears to have been devoted to publick company 
 and the menial part of the establishment. 
 
 The Abbot's peculiar residence is described to have been one large bed-chamber, 
 
 tenorem Rogeri tie Mortiio Mali, ct Is:ibcila: Regina; alioruiiKiue Compliciuin, acciperc timuerunt ; istc 
 turn Abbas suo curiu lionoiificfc ornato cum aimis cjusd. cctlftiie di-piclis cum a Cajiello de Dci keley ad- 
 duxit," &c. as before. Queen's Coll. MS. — Dr. Hall. 
 
 <= Duni Prior [Job. Wigmor] ejusdem Monasterii Camcram Abl)alis juxta Gardinum construxit, aliam 
 
 tabulam, qua nunc est in Capclla Abbatis, dc eodeni opere coinposuit [Tlioniasde Horton] in edificiis 
 
 tani extra quam inira inultimi ampliavit, ut Capellani Abbatis versus ortum Infirmarioe. Queen's Coll. MS. 
 — Dr. Hull. Tbis MS. concludes with Abbot Fioucestcr. 
 
 »MAhitaker's Manchester, II. 34. 
 
 where
 
 200 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 where he used to eat, provided also with a pantry, buttery and cellar. More bed-cham- 
 bers, two galleries, and a chapel occur, together with the Abbot's own apartment « at 
 the North end of the great bed-chamber. To understand this arrangement, it is to 
 be recollected that the Abbot never lived or slept alone, but always attended by his 
 chaplains, and that he rose at night and the other canonical hours to attend service in 
 the Chapel. The adjoining room, called his own, was the withdrawing-chamber of 
 the Barons, the Study or Oratory of the Clergy. The Great Hall first described, was 
 for company, but he could not by rule at all times mix with them, and therefore this 
 part of the house seems to have been devoted to himself, his chaplains, and domesticks 
 attached to his person. 
 
 The third compartment of the house consisted of another hall, with an appropriate 
 pantry, buttery, and kitchen, the usual appendages to all ancient halls, or common 
 eating and sitting rooms. This part appears to have been arranged for visitors. 
 
 Thus it seems, that the Abbot could conveniently live with decorum, according to 
 the monastick ordinances, without interruption from the establishment or visitors. 
 
 Adjacent to these apartments was a flower-garden. Here it was customary for our 
 ancestors to take exercise after mass, or after dinner. The gallery was for the same 
 purpose in bad weather. 
 
 There was also another garden, probably for medical herbs, our ancestors having 
 few or no culinary vegetables, those in modern general use being subsequent introduc- 
 tions from abroad. We meet with a wood- barton for the firing, three stables, two 
 slaughter-houses, and a dog-kennel. It was the custom to salt down large quantities 
 of provision about Martinmas for the winter ; and as to the dog-kennel. Abbots 
 used often to sport, and never rode out without greyhounds ^ 
 
 Bishop Ravis, who was translated to London in 1607, was at considerable expence 
 in repairing this palaces. Afterwards it fell into ruin and decay, for in the life of 
 Bishop Frampton the " Vineyard is stiled the sole mansion of the See;"'' and in the 
 Life of Bishop Wilcocks, it is said, that " he repaired the Episcopal Palace, which for 
 a considerable time before had been uninhabited." He succeeded to the See in I721. 
 Bishop Benson, with more goodness than judgment, made various alterations ; and suc- 
 ceeding prelates have followed his steps. Henry should have placed the Bishop at 
 Prinknash ; and as it is, an Act ought to pass, allowing him to dispose of the present 
 habitation, which being city-land, would bring a good price, and perhaps build or pro- 
 cure a suitable residence in the vicinity. Some rebuses and devices still existing were 
 shown to the Author by Mr. Carter, when making his drawings of the Cathedral for the 
 Society of Antiquaries. 
 
 Vineyard. — The other rural residence of the Abbots, which devolved to the Bishops, 
 was the \"ineyard, at Over. 
 
 e Bishops used to live chiefly in a private Chamber. Dec. Scriptor. 1722. 
 
 f The Authorities are not quoted in detail, because they are already given in the Author's British Mona- 
 chism. Wye Tour, &c. g Furney. '> MS. Life, p. 133. 
 
 The
 
 ABB A TIAL RESIDENCES. 201 
 
 The excellent Emperor Probns, from the services rendered to him by the barbarous 
 nations, whom he much benefited by introducing agricultural improvements, " per- 
 mitted all the Gauls, Spaniards, and Britons, to have vines, and make wine."' Mr. 
 Pegge thinks, that there were few great Monasteries in England which had not vine- 
 yards'', and without entering into the discussion how far wine was or was not made 
 in England, a point which has been disputed, it is sufficient for the present purpose 
 to say, that William of Malmesbury, who wrote in the 12th century, attests the exist- 
 ence of vineyards in the neighbourhood of Gloucester. At first ^/i/* Vineyard simply 
 consisted of a piece of ground cultivated with fruits and vines ; but it was not made a 
 place of habitation till the time of Abbot Staunton. He built a camera there, by 
 which is meant a temporary country residence for pleasurable purposes, and surrounded 
 it with a wall, which his successor completed, with the addition of a locutory, or 
 parlour." ' 
 
 Under Walter Froucester, the place received the addition of several offices, besides 
 the Abbot's chamber, parlour, and gates ; and he moated it round at great expence : he 
 also built a stone house above the Common at Over"*. Early in the seventeenth cen- 
 tury, before the Civil War, Bishop Ravis repaired the Vinevard House ; but it was 
 exceedingly injured in the Civil War. " Bishop Frampton (says his Life") endea- 
 voured to contrive the reparation of that large old building, the sole mansion of the 
 See, the famous pallace of the V^ineyard, corruptly Winyard, built by the Abbot of 
 Gloster, being burnt by the rebells in detestation of Bishop Goodman, lying a mile 
 out of the town W^cstward, and never rebuilt since the Restoration ; this house hath 
 a large old hall, which he caused to be paved with handsome white stone, and much 
 repaired the other parts, especially the Chapel, which he raised in the floor, new wains- 
 cotted and seated, as now [1708 at earliest] it stands, and then procured a commission 
 from the Archbishop to view, and a faculty to jHill downe and erect a better house upon 
 one part, and possibly, in time, would have rebuilt the whole : however to go on with 
 his present design ; he prepared materials, when he was overtaken by the Revolution, 
 and being driven from the houses, the design fell, and the materials he left there con- 
 verted to the profit of the after-possessor, who had once a design to sue him for dila- 
 pidations, in whose hands it never decay'd ; but diverted from that purpose, he set 
 himself upon altering, I cannot say repairing, the house by pulling down three cham- 
 bers in a floor, and selling the old as well as new materials to make him a recom- 
 pence that was never one peny out of purse; the sale of those woods the three 
 
 ' Vopiscus in vita. Hist. August. Scriptotcs, II. 294. Ed. Sylburg. •* Archa-ologia, I. ^19. 
 
 ' Ejus tempore [Ad. de Staunton] cepit priuio inhabitari Vinea, ipiai antea fuit culta frugibus et diversar' 
 arbor' fructibus, et vineis. Sod ct construxit Camerani Abb'is ibidem, et earn itiuro circumvallavit, nee to- 
 taliter, sed Successor suus opera complevit. 
 
 Apud Vineam locutorium [The. de Horton] construxit, et muruin ejusdem VinetB circumcinct', quod 
 praedecessor suus imperfectum reliquerat, usque ad finem perduxit. Queen's Coll. MS. — Dr. Hall. 
 
 n> Construxit apud Vineam omnes domos ibidem existentcs, praeter Cameram Abbatis, Locutoiiuiti et 
 Januas, et Stagno illas circumcinxit expensis sumptuosis, sed etiam supra commimam . . . ap. Overe domum 
 lapideam. Queen's Coll. MS. — Dr. Hall. n MS. p. 133. pen. Mr.Counsell. 
 
 D D Bishops
 
 202 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Bishops from the Restoration had preserved making the then administrator a consider- 
 able crainer." " It had a paddock or park of about fifteen acres p. 
 
 Prinknash. — ^This is the finest remain of the Abbatial residences, and in high pre- 
 servation. Abbot Malvern is said to have rebuilt or repaired the house ; but the great 
 Hall is of the time of Edward IV. having in the centre of one of the beams a large 
 falcon and fetterlock open, a device of that King ; the opening of the lock, denoting 
 that the obstruction of the House of York to the throne was removed. Henry VIII. 
 and Q. Jane Seymour slept here, and according to custom, their arms were placed 
 in stained glass in the windows of the Great Chamber, as are also several other coats 
 of proprietors of the mansion. The Chapel is preserved. After the dissolution the 
 manor was granted to Edmund Bridges and Dorothy Braye, and from this grant i it also 
 appears, that there was a Vineyard at this Abbatial residence. 
 
 The other places mentioned by Archdeacon Furney, as Abbatial Residences, were no 
 more than Cells or Granges. 
 
 o MS. p. 134. pen. Mr. Counsel!. P Chart, of Endowment of the See. 
 
 4 Pat. 36. H. 8. May 14. 
 
 EPISCOPAL
 
 ARCHDEACONS. 
 
 203 
 
 EPISCOPAL OFFICERS. — ARCHDEACONS OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 BEFORE the foundation of the See of Gloucester by Henry VHI. this Archdeaconry 
 was part of the Diocese of Worcester, but has at some unknown periods been con- 
 tracted ■■. The revenues arise from the visitation fees% and the rectory of Dursley, 
 given by the Abbey of Gloucester about 1475 in exchange for a house in Leatherbottle 
 Lane, and the first herbage of.a meadow, called Archdeacon's Meadow. 
 
 Archdeacons of Gloucester, while it remained part of the 
 
 See of Worcester. 
 
 1122. Thurstinus. Green's Worcester . 
 
 1134. Robert. In IIS^ he was one of the Justices 
 Itinerant. Id. 
 
 1140. Will.Commin. 
 
 1155. Gervase. 
 
 1177- Matthew, died. Angl. Sacr. I. 476. 
 
 1177. VVill. de Norhale, Canon of London, elected 
 Bishop of Worcester in 1 186. Id. 477. De- 
 cern. Scriptor. 631. 
 
 11S7. Rob.de Engelh, or Englishe. Green. 
 
 1197. Richard. Id. 
 
 1198. John de Grey, afterwards Bishop of Norwich. 
 
 m. 
 
 1200. Will.de Verdun, .^ngl. Sacr. 1. 47S. 
 
 1210. Maurice Arundel. Green says he was de- 
 prived ; died 1246, and was buried in the 
 Priory of St. Oswald's, in this city. Q\i. if 
 he has not confounded him with 
 
 r The Forest Deanery, as in the Diocese of Hereford, was never part of it ; but in 1291 it included in 
 Bristol Deanery St. Stephen's, St. Michael's, S. Wesburgh, S. Nicholas, Trinity, St. James, Horfield, Fillon, 
 Compton and Weston Chapels, Westbury, and Henbury. — There were but 49 Churches in the County before 
 the Conquest, viz. as taken from the mention of Priests in Domesday. 
 
 Alveston, 
 
 Amney Crucis, 
 
 Amney Mary, 
 
 Badminton Gr. 
 
 Barrington, 
 
 Berkeley, 
 
 Bibury, 
 
 Bisley, [Water, 
 
 Bourton-on-the- 
 
 Brimpsfield, 
 
 Broadwell, 
 
 Brockworth, 
 
 Cerney, South, 
 Cheltenham, [ter, 
 
 Oakley [in Cirences- 
 Cirencester, 
 Cleeve Bishops, 
 Clifford Chambers, 
 Dimmock, 
 Down Amney, 
 Driffield, 
 Guitings (both), 
 Hampnet, 
 Hani|)ton, 
 
 Hasleton, 
 
 Lasborough, 
 
 Marshfiold, 
 
 Meysey Hampton, 
 
 Miserden, 
 
 Olveston, 
 
 Painswick, 
 
 Pnstbiiry, 
 
 Quenington, 
 
 Ro(lniar(<)n, 
 
 Salperlon, 
 
 Shipinns (both). 
 
 Siddingtons (both). 
 
 Side, 
 
 Southrop, 
 
 Stoke-GifFard, 
 
 Stratton, 
 
 Sweell Upper, 
 
 Tetbury, 
 
 Tormarton, 
 
 Weston-on-Avon, 
 
 Wlieatenhurst, 
 
 Willersey, 
 
 Withington. 
 
 Bishop's Cleeve, Bibury, and Withington peculiars were never within his jurisdiction, because parcel 
 of the See of Worcester. He visits the peculiars of Dcerhurst and thildswickliam, but neither of these were 
 Episcopal Estates. The Bristol Churches were sepaiatcd from his jurisdiction, some from belonging to the 
 See of Worcester ; others by the foundation of that of Bristol. 
 
 * Among the Charters in the British Museum, (43. A. 36.) is the Bull for prohibiting the Archdeacon of 
 Gloucester from troubling the Nuns of Anncslowe for the grievous procurations and .^rchidiaconal burdens 
 he had imposed on the Church of Stanley. The fees, therefore, were perhaps considerable in old times. 
 
 1222.
 
 204 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 1222. 
 
 1245. 
 
 124S. 
 1256. 
 12S4. 
 
 128S. 
 
 1295, 
 130S 
 1318, 
 1318 
 
 132S 
 1331 
 
 Michael, who was sent to Rome on business. 1331. 
 
 Id. I. 486, and deprived in 1245, Id. 4i)2. 1348. 
 
 Will. Lupus, afterwards Archdeacon of Lin- 1364. 
 
 coin. Green and -^ngl. Sacr. 1369. 
 
 Thomas, Rector of Stoke, ob.l253. W. I. 494. 1369. 
 
 Hugh Cantelupe. Green. 1400. 
 
 Rob. de Fangef. ob. 1287 : bur. Wore. Ca- 1406. 
 
 thedr. 1428. 
 Joh. de Ebroicis. On the 14 Cal. Oct. Bishop 
 
 Godfrey celebrating holy orders at Westbury, 1461. 
 
 Tho. de. Wych, Chauntor of the Church of 1468. 
 
 Worcester, according to ancient custom, 1482. 
 
 called those who were to be called. But this 
 
 Archdeacon John, nephew of the Bishop, 1487. 
 
 claimed the office as belonging to him, and 1488. 
 
 succeeded by his uncle's connivance. The 1488. 
 
 Chauntor appealed on behalf of the Church 
 
 of Worcester. ^n^Z. Sacr. L 509. 1497. 
 Walt, de Burdun. /J. L 517. 
 
 Will, de Byrston, orCherton. Green. 1503. 
 
 Nich. de Hugate, resigned. Id. 1511. 
 
 Hugh de Stratherne, exchanged it in 1328, 1518. 
 
 for the Precentorship of St. Paul's, London, 1539. 
 
 with 
 , Joceus de Kinebarton. 
 , John de Uske. 
 
 Rog. de Breinton. 
 
 Rich, de Ledbury. 
 
 Tho. Stratford. 
 
 Rog. Peres. 
 
 Will. Thrysford. 
 
 Rich. Wynchecombe. 
 
 Nich. Herbury. 
 
 Phil. Potton, LL.D. ob. 1461, and was buried 
 in the Chapel of All Souls' Coll. 0.\on. 
 
 John Kingscote. 
 
 Joh. Sigdon, D.D. 
 
 Rob. Moreton, LL. B. afterwards Bishop of 
 Worcester. 
 
 John Dunniorde, LL.B. 
 
 Sim. Clemens. 
 
 Joh. de Gegles, LL. D. afterwards Bishop of 
 Worcester. 
 
 Jeffr. BIyth, B. D. afterwards Bish. of Lich- 
 field. 
 
 Tho. Rowthall, afterwards Bishop of Durham. 
 
 Peter Carmelian. 
 
 John Bell, afterwards Bishop of Worcester. 
 
 Nich. Wotton, the last Archdeacon while 
 Gloucester remained part of Worcester Dio- 
 cese; and the first afterwards. Green's Wore. 
 Jpp.CXXXlX. 
 
 Archdeacons after the foundation of the See of Glouce.ster. 
 
 1541. Nich. Wotton. 
 
 1554. John Williams, LL.D. (a Prebendary). 
 
 1559. Guy Eaton, also Prebendary, resigned 1574. 
 
 1574. Geo. Savage, LL.D. 
 
 1602. Rob. Hill, presumed Rector of St. Marg. Mo- 
 ses, London, res. 1607. 
 
 1607. Sam. Burton, A. M. Rec. of Dry Marston, 
 where he died and was buried 1634. 
 
 1634. Hugh Robinson. 
 
 Usurpation. 
 1660, John Middleton, supposed Rector of Hanwell, 
 
 CO. Mid.ob. an. 1661. 
 1662. Edw. Pope, Rect. of Walton-on-the-Hill, co. 
 
 Surrey,where he died and was buried inl671. 
 1671. John Gregory, Rector of Hempsted, where he 
 
 died and was bur. in 1678. 
 1678. Tho. Hyde. 
 1702. Rob. Parsons, Rector of Oddington, where he 
 
 died and was buried in 1714. 
 
 1714. Nath. Lye, D.D. a Prebendary and Rector of 
 Kcmmerton. He died 1737, and was buried 
 in S. Mich. Church. 
 
 1737. Will. Geekie, D.D. Prebendary of Canterbury 
 andof Alhallovvs, Barking, London : dying, 
 
 1767. Rich. Hurd. 
 
 1774. James Webster, LL. B. At different periods 
 he held the livings of Devynock, co. Brecon., 
 Northleach and Stroud, co. Glouc, andCo- 
 warne Magna, co. Hereford. He died pos- 
 sessed of the two last, with the Archdeacon- 
 ry, June 2, 1804, leaving one daughter and 
 heir, lady of the Rev. Richard Huntley, of 
 Box well Court. 
 
 1804. Timothy Stonehouse Vigor — resigning, 
 
 1814. Tho. Rudge, B.D. Rector of St. Mich, and 
 Hareslield, co. Glouc. and Chancellor of 
 Hereford, the present Archdeacon. 
 
 Of these Archdeacons the following have been men of high eminence or rank : 
 JOHN KINGSCOTE, LL.D. of the ancient family of that name (for Leland says
 
 ARCHDEACONS. 205 
 
 he was a native of Gloucestershire), was of the University of Cambridge. He was 
 the King's Confessor; and, by the Pope's presentation, was consecrated Bishop of 
 Carhsle in 14fi-2. He died intestate Nov. 5, 1463 '. 
 
 ROBERT MORION, LL.D. was nephew of Archbishop Morton, and Archdea- 
 con of Winchester. In 1479 he was, according to Wharton", made Master of the 
 Rolls ; but this office, according to higher authority, was held by his uncle John '■'. In 
 1487 he was consecrated Bishop of Worcester"'. 
 
 JOHN GIGLIS, or DE LILIIS, LL.D. was a native of Lucca, and the Pope's Col- 
 lector in England, and admitted in 147S Canon of Wells. In 1497 he obtained the 
 See of Worcester by Papal Bull, and died the year following". 
 
 GEFFREY BLYTH, an eminent Diplomatick, having been sent by Henry VII. 
 Embassador to Hungary, was of King's College, Cambridge, Archdeacon of Cleve- 
 land, and successively Prebendary and Dean of York ; and upon his return from abroad 
 was made, in 1503, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, which See he held together 
 with his Mastership of King's. He presided, for twenty years together, over the 
 Marches of Wales. He built the Chapel of Norton in Derbyshire, and made there 
 an alabaster tomb for his jjarents^. 
 
 THOMAS ROWTHALL, Bishop of Durham, was a man of such talent in busi- 
 ness as to be in the most intimate confidence of Henry VII. and VIII. The See was 
 a mere provision for him, as he was constantly at Court. He was reputed the richest 
 subject in England ; and, according to William de Chambre, died in 1522, of a broken 
 heart, through the following mistake^: — "The King, knowing his competency, or- 
 dered him to write a book 'of the state of all his realm.' The Bishop did so; and 
 also wrote another concerning his own affairs. Both books were of the same size, and 
 bound exactly alike. Cardinal Wolsey was commanded by the King to go to the 
 Bishop, and fetch the [' national'] book. The Bishop ordered his servant to go to 
 his Miisetim (sic) and bring the book, bound in white vellum. The servant did so, 
 but brought the Bishop's private work. That Prelate took it, and without inspection 
 gave it to the Cardinal. The latter, upon finding its contents, was secretly rejoiced, and 
 taking the book to the King, acquainted him that he need not go further for money 
 than to Bishop Rowthall, who, by the tenor of his own book, was worth ^.100,000." 
 
 JOHN BELL, another of the King's Chaplains and Privy Counsellors, a Worces- 
 tershire man, was educated at Baliol College, Oxford, where he founded two scholar- 
 ships. He was Rector of Weston sub Edge, Prebendary of Lincoln and Lichfield, 
 Warden of the Collegiate Church of Stratford on .Avon, and Vicar General of the Bishop 
 of Worcester from IjlS to l')2G. Upon his recommendation to King Henry VIII. he 
 made him an Envoy to foreign Princes, and one of his Council ; and, as a reward for his 
 
 ■ Lei. Collect. I. 347. Richardson's Godwin, 7C9. Uym. Foed. II. 52G. " Angl. Sacr. I. 538. 
 
 * Chronica Juridicialia, p. 139. " Angl. Sacr. ub. supr. 
 " Angl, Sacr. I. 539. y Id. 1. 45.5. 
 
 * Id. 780. The Bishop was a Cirencester man, educated at both Universities, Dean of Salisbury, Chan- 
 cellor of Cambridge in 1503, Secretary to Henry VII. and Lord Privy Seal. Athen. Oxou. I. C6I. 
 
 singular
 
 206 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 singular service in defence of his divorce from Queen Catharine, he gave him the See 
 of Worcester in 1539, which, from some unknown cause, he resigned in I543, and 
 died in private Hfe in 1556, at Clerkenwell, London, where he was buried*. 
 
 NICHOLAS WOTTON, an eminent Statesman and Diplomatick, was the son of 
 Sir Robert Wotton, and born about 1497. He was educated at Oxford, where he 
 studied the Civil and Canon Law, his skill in which recommended him to Tunstall, 
 Bishop of London. He became successively the Bishop's Official, Rector of Joycluirch 
 in Kent (resigned in I555), Commissary of the Faculties (1538), Archdeacon of Glou- 
 cester (1539), upon the promotion of Bell to the See of Worcester, Dean of Canter- 
 bury in 1541, in addition to which he obtained (in 1544) the Deanery of York, being 
 the only person who ever possessed at the same time the Deaneries of the two Metro- 
 politan Churches. In 1545 he was presented to the Prebend of Osbaldwick in York 
 Cathedral. In 1553 'i^ resigned the Archdeaconry of Gloucester ; and in 1557 was 
 presented to the Treasuryship of Exeter, relinquished the succeeding year. He refused 
 the mitre, and died in 1^66. He was buried in Trinity Chapel, Canterbury Ca- 
 thedral, where is a beautiful and much-admired monument, part if not the whole of 
 which was executed at Rome. He is represented kneeling at his devotions ; the head 
 is said to have been carved by his own order, while living. Holinshed and Camden 
 attest his high character. When he was departing on an embassy Henry VIH. said, 
 " Sir, I have sent a head by Cromwell, a purse by Wolsey, a sword by Brandon ; 
 I must now send the laiv by you."'' 
 
 As the civil affairs of the Kingdom were conducted by Ecclesiasticks, so also were 
 those of the Nobility. Among other instances one occurs in Archdeacon Savage, also 
 Incumbent of Saintbury in this county, and Segrave in Leicestershire. He was Stew- 
 ard of the Household to Henry Lord Berkeley"^. 
 
 HUGH ROBINSON, D. D. an eminent Linguist, was born at Anglesea, and edu- 
 cated at Winchester, where he became at last Head Master. He was successively 
 Fellow of New College, Canon of Wells, and Archdeacon of Winchester and this 
 Cathedral. Having sided with the party who were reducing the Church to the Pres- 
 byterian form, he lost his Canonry and Archdeaconry, but obtained the Rectory of 
 Hinton near Winchester, in room of an ejected Loyalist. He died in 1655. His 
 " Phraseologia" has been recently re-edited ''. 
 
 THOMAS HYDE, a truly illustrious scholar, author of an excellent work on a most 
 abstruse subject, the ancient Religion of the Persians, was the son of Ralph Hyde, Mini- 
 ster of Billingsley, near Bridgenorth, in Shropshire, and born there in 1636. The Ori- 
 ental languages he first studied under his father, and afterwards at King's College, 
 Cambridge. He assisted Walton, afterwards Bishop of Chester, in the Polyglot Bible. 
 In 1658 he became Hebrew Reader at Queen's College, Oxford; and soon after Under 
 and then Head Keeper of the Bodleian Library, Prebendary of Salisbury (in 1666), 
 Archdeacon of Gloucester (in IG/S), Arabick Professor in iGgi, Interpreter and Secre- 
 
 a Green's Worcester, 201. Angl. Sacr. 1. 540. ^ Chalmers, XXXII. 301, seq. 
 
 c Smyth's MSS. p. 896. <1 Chalmers, XXVI. 289. 
 
 tary
 
 ARCHDEACONS. 207 
 
 tary in the Oriental Languages during the reigns of James II. Charles II. and William 
 III., and Regius Professor of Hebrew and Canon of Christ Church in l6gj. He died 
 Feb. iS, 1703, at Oxford. The literary labours of Dr. Hyde were enormous; indeed, 
 for depth and abstruseness they are singular ^. 
 
 RICHARD HURD was the son of a considerable farmer at Penkrich in Stafford- 
 shire, and born in 1720. His family removing to Penfort near Brewood, he was sent 
 to the Grammar-school of this last place. From thence, in 1734, he went to Emanuel 
 College, Cambridge, of which he became Fellow in 1742. A compliment paid to the 
 celebrated Warburton, in his Commentary upon the Ars Poetica of Horace, brought 
 on an acquaintance with that eminent Prelate, by whose recommendation, in 1750, 
 he became a Whitehall Preacher. As senior Fellow of Emanuel he was instituted, in 
 1757, to the Rectory of Thurcaston. In 1762, by the influence of Mr. Allen of Prior 
 Park, Lord Chancellor Northington gave him the sinecure Rectory of Folkton, York- 
 shire. In 1765, on the recommendation of Bishop Warburton and Mr. Charles Yorke, 
 he was chosen Preacher of Lincoln's Inn; and collated in 1767, by his old Episcopal 
 Patron, to the Archdeaconry of Gloucester. In 1775 Lord Mansfield procured him 
 the See of Lichfield and Coventry, probably as introductory to his appointment, next 
 year, of Preceptor to their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales and Duke of York, 
 In 1781 he was translated to Worcester, and appointed Clerk of the Closet. In 17S3 
 he declined the Archbishoprick of Canterbury, graciously offered him by the King 
 himself; and in 1808 died at Hartlebury, aged 88 f. 
 
 *:i^* By charter the Archdeacon of Gloucester ranks next to the Dean ; and Arch- 
 deacon Lye made a bustle about the proper stall belonging to his office (MSS. Coun- 
 sel) ; but by an Act of Chapter in 1S04 he is appointed to sit immediately on the left 
 hand of the Bishop. — During the years of Episcopal Visitation his archidiaconal 
 power and induction of clerks is suspended; but during the years of his Visitation 
 he holds Courts in the Parish Church of St. Mary de Lode, but has no cognizance of 
 matters which do not come before him by presentment of Churchwardens or his own 
 view; i. e. " he cannot issue original processes ad Instaritiam partis." It is also part 
 of his office to prove wills, and grant administrations on his Visitation, — The cere- 
 mony of his installation is this ; and it may be doubted whether the procession-part, 
 as a relick of Pojiish trumpery, is not iirfra dignitatem, so far as concerns the mem- 
 bers of the lay-order following. After the first lesson, the Dean, Sub-dean, Reading 
 Canon, [Layclerks, Singing-boys, Sextons, Vergers, and Beads-men,] repair to the 
 Chapter-room, where the Archdeacon is in waiting. They then return in the follow- 
 ing order: — two Vergers, Dean, Sub-dean, and Archdeacon between them. Chap- 
 ter-clerk, Canon, [Lay-clerks, Organist, Singing-boys, Sextons, and Beads-men]. 
 They stop in the middle of the choir, while the Chapter-clerk reads the mandate 
 of induction from the Bishop. Then the Dean, taking the Archdeacon by the hand, 
 
 e Chalmers, XVIII. p. 404, seq. f Chalmers, art. Ilunl. 
 
 leads
 
 208 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 leads him to his stall, and reads the form of induction or installation, and then re- 
 turn to their seats, and the service proceeds. Rudge. — Query, if it would not be 
 more dignified to exclude the members of the procession bracketed above? 
 
 According to Mr. Prinn's MSS. the Rectory of Dursiey belonged to the Priory of 
 Lanthony before St. Peter's Abbey had it. 
 
 A /^/ce-Archdeacon occurs in the Great Register of Winchcombe Abbey, penes 
 Lord Sherborne, p. 4^2. 
 
 Chancellors, or Vicars-General, and Principal Registrars. 
 
 I jointly 
 
 John Williams. ^ j^.^^,^ ^^^^ 
 
 Richard Brown, 
 
 Hugh VVhittington, over part of the Diocese . . 1545 
 
 Dr. Powel 
 
 John Lowth, LL.B 1562 
 
 Thomas Powell, LL.D. Archdeacon "> ,-^„^ ,^»„ 
 ' > ltj65 to 1570 
 
 ot Worcester J 
 
 Richard Green, LL. B. Fellow of All Souls, 
 
 Oxford, removed in 15*6 
 
 Dr. Powell restored — Vicar of Great Bar- 
 rington, and Rector of Kemnierton — in 
 1579 he was suspended and excommuni- 
 cated. 
 
 William Blackleach, LL.B 1581 
 
 Gilbert Borne, LL.B 1588 
 
 Blackleach restored 1590 
 
 John Seaman, LL.D 1600 
 
 Thomas Edwards, LL.D. jointly with Seaman . 1608 
 
 William Sutton, D.D 1623 
 
 Deprived. 
 
 Francis Baber, LL.D 1631 
 
 John Nicholson, LL.D 1669 
 
 Richard Parsons, LL.D Fellow of New Col- 
 lege, Oxford, Vicar of Dryfield 1677 
 
 Henry Penrice, LL.D. afterwards knighted, 
 
 and Judge of the Admiralty 1*11 
 
 James Benson, LL D. Vicar of Standish, In- 
 cumbent of the two Siddingtons, and Pre- 
 bendary of the Cathedral 1752 
 
 Edward Cooke, A. M 1785 
 
 PRINCIPAL REGISTRARS. 
 
 John Taylor, alias Barker, occurs soon after 
 the foundation and 1569 
 
 riel >joij 
 I Brigstock | jointly 1660 
 
 Richard Hands 1570 
 
 John Jones, Alderman, &c. Registrar to eight 
 
 several Bishops, died 1630 
 
 See Epitaplis in the Cathedral. 
 Henry Jones, 
 Edward alias Gabriel ^jointly . 
 
 Goodman, 
 
 Owen 
 
 William 
 
 Edward Fowler, LL.B. the Bishop's son 1698 
 
 Thomas "i o^ , 
 > Steph( 
 Edward -' 
 
 William Mount 1736 
 
 John Benson, A.M. jointly with Mount 1759 
 
 Ralph Warburton Allen, son of the Bishop, 
 
 joint Patentee on Mount's death 1770 
 
 Robert Fitz Hallitax, 
 
 Mr. Benson, 
 
 {jointly 
 
 ]• jointly 
 
 1712 
 
 Of tliese persons John Williams is stated to have 
 been an infamous character. First he is represented 
 to have been zealous, temp. Henry VIII., for the Six 
 Articles ; then, in the next reign, to have turned 
 Protestant ; and in Queen Mary's to have deprived 
 Clergymen of their livings for marriage ; and in 
 1555 to have condemned H. Hicks of this city to 
 carry a faggot ; and to have delivered to the Secular 
 Power a bricklayer and a blind boy, who were both 
 burnt. It is said, too, that he declared that lie would 
 never meet the Queen's Commissioners, and died the 
 same day. — All this is very dubious; for Fuller, 
 speaking of Mary's martyrs, says, there was " no fire 
 and very little smoke in Gloucestershire." 
 
 Church History, c. XVI. p. 19. 
 
 Chartered
 
 DEANS. 
 
 209 
 
 Chartered 
 
 Manohs. 
 County of Gloucester. 
 Tuffley, 
 Ablode, 
 Sainthurst, 
 Barnwood, 
 Cranliam, 
 Matson, 
 
 Wotton (near Gloucest ) 
 Churcham, 
 Rudford, 
 Coin Rogers, 
 Ablington, 
 ' Coin Alvvyns, 
 Easlleach, 
 Marlyn, alias 
 
 Burthroppe, 
 Cotes, 
 Tyberton, 
 Taynton, 
 Bulley. 
 County nf Hereford. 
 Willingswick, 
 Monkhyde. 
 County nf Glamorgan. 
 Tregosse, 
 Pennox. 
 
 Estates. 
 County of Gloucester. 
 All the Houses, Tolls, Markets, 
 Fairs, &c. belonging to St. 
 Peter's Abbey in the City of 
 Gloucester and Suburbs. 
 First Herbage of Portham, 39 
 
 acres; and 
 Archdeacon's Meadow, 16 acres. 
 Moiety of Woolridge Wood, 500 
 
 acres ; and of 
 Le Perch, 16 acres. 
 Barnwood Grove, 10 acres. 
 Buckholt Wood, 200 acres. 
 Byrd Wood, 'iOO acres. 
 
 London. 
 White Hart Inn in Holborn, 
 with a Rent of 8s. issuing 
 therefrom. 
 
 Rectories. 
 Coujity of Gloucester. 
 Barnwood, 
 
 Endowment of the Dean and 
 
 Brokethrop, 
 
 Churcham, 
 Coin Alwyn, 
 Fairford, 
 East Leach, 
 Marlyn. 
 City of Gloucester. 
 St. Mary de Lode, 
 Rectoiy and Church of 
 Grace Lane. 
 County of Wilts. 
 Sherston, 
 Aldrington. 
 County of Bucks. 
 Great Marton. 
 County of Oxford. 
 
 Chipping Norton. 
 County ef Glamorgan. 
 Lancarvan, 
 Lanlwit, 
 Lambethian, 
 Lantrissant, 
 Penmarke, 
 Cardiff, 
 St. Donafs Chapel. 
 
 PoHTioNs OF Tithes. 
 
 County of Gloucester. 
 
 Barton Abbots, 
 
 Senebrug, 
 
 Fairford, 
 
 Upleaden, 
 
 Hynt'leaden, 
 
 Ablode, 
 
 Sainthurst, 
 
 Wotton, 
 
 Eurendyefield, 
 
 King's Furlong, 
 
 Innyworth. 
 County of Wilts. 
 
 Helmerton. 
 County of Bucks. 
 
 Okeborne. 
 
 Pensions prom Rectories. 
 
 City of Gloucester. 
 
 St. John Baptist, 20s. 
 
 St. Nicholas, 13s. 4rf. 
 
 County of Gloucester. 
 
 Mattisden, 10s. 
 
 E E 
 
 Chapter. 
 
 County of Wilts. 
 Alcanynge, 53s. 4d. 
 Lydiard Tregoze, 20«. 
 City of Norwich. 
 St. Peter de Mancroft, 41. 
 
 City of London. 
 
 St. Martin in Vintry, 40s. 
 
 City of Oxford. 
 
 Brazenose College, lOs. 
 
 Advowson and Patronaoe 
 OF the Rectories. 
 County of Gloucester. 
 
 Matlisdon, 
 
 Rudford, 
 
 Coin Rogers, 
 
 Ablyngton, 
 
 Taynton. 
 
 Vicarages. 
 County of Gloucester. 
 Fairford, 
 Brookthrop, 
 Churcham. 
 Lyneham, 
 Coin Alwyns. 
 
 County of Wilts. 
 Sherston, 
 Aldrington. 
 
 County of Bucks. 
 Great Marlow. 
 
 County of Glamorgan. 
 Lantwit, 
 Lamblethian, 
 Lantrissant, 
 Peninark, 
 Cardiff, 
 St. Donat's Chapel. 
 
 County of Oxford. 
 Chipping Norton. 
 
 Fee-farm to the Crown, 
 ^90. 14s. 0\d. 
 
 Other small annual Payments, 
 ^.44. 16s. 7d. 
 
 Lynkynholt, Littleton, Wallop, 
 Manors, co. Hants, resumed 
 by the Crown, 
 
 Arms.
 
 210 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Arms. Azure a fess Or, charged with tliree crosses forme fitch^ of the 1st. In chief 
 a canton Gules, charged with a demi-rose, with beams of the 3d between two demi- 
 fleurs-de-iis of the 1st. Granted by Barker, Garter, 1542. 
 
 DEANS. 
 
 The estabhshment of a Dean and six Prebendaries commenced, hke the See, with 
 King Henry the Eiglith's reign, in 1541. The first Dean was, 
 
 WILLIAM JENNINGS, B. D. King's Chaplain, and last Prior of St. Oswald's. 
 He was incumbent of no less than five livings?; and dying Nov. 4, 1565, was buried 
 before the choir-door. 
 
 JOHN MAN, another Royal servant, Keeper of St. Bartholomew's Hospital in this 
 city, Warden of Merton College, Oxford, and Prebendary of Lincoln, was presented 
 to this Deanery in I565. He died in 1568, and was buried at St. Anne's, Aldersgate, 
 London. To him succeeded 
 
 THOMAS COWTER, D. D. installed in 1569. He was removed to the See of 
 Lincoln 157O, and thence to Winchester in 15S4. He was author of the Dictionary 
 called by his name. His successor was 
 
 LAURENCE HUMPHREY. He was born at Newport Pagnell in Buckingham- 
 shire about 1527, and had his school education at Cambridge; after which he became 
 first a Demy, then a Fellow, of Magdalen College, Oxford. He took the degree of 
 M. A. in 15.i2; and about that time was made Greek Reader of his College, and en- 
 tered into orders. In June 1555 he had leave from his College to travel, and went to 
 Zurich, where he joined the English Reformers, who had been obliged to emigrate. 
 After the death of Queen Mary he was, upon returning to England, restored to his 
 fellowship. The conditions of his permission to travel were, to return within a year, 
 and refrain fifom all heretical company. In 1560 he was made the Queen's Professor 
 of Divinity, and elected President of his College. In 1562 he took both the divinity 
 degrees; and in I570 was made Dean of Gloucester. In IjjSo he was removed to the 
 Deanery of Winchester, and would probably have been a Bishop, had he not brought 
 from abroad such Calvinistical opinions as to be at best only a moderate and conscien- 
 tious Nonconformist. He died in 1590, leaving a wife and ten children. He was a 
 
 g Rudge. " Formerly, while the Laity were either wholly unlettered, or given to a military life, the 
 King made use of the service of Clergymen in all the offices of the Chanceiy, Privy Seal, Secretary in all 
 Courts of Justice and of Embassies; and if Clergymen had not then been ]}Ci-mitted to seive the King 
 herein, none of these offices could have been duly executed. The service of these Clergymen the King re- 
 warded with benefices and ecclesiastical preferments ; and for the reward of the Masters and Clerks in 
 Chancery, fixed many advowsons in the gift of the Lord Chancellor or Keeper for the time being ; which 
 still continue, although the reason of it tiath long since ceased." Defence of Pluralities, p. 140. One Adam 
 de Siratton held twenty-three benefices. Id. p. 143. Jennings, as King's Chaplain, was probably sworn of his 
 Council, which allowed extraordinary dispensation. 
 
 great
 
 DEANS. 211 
 
 great and general scholar, an able linguist, and deep divine, at least in his day, when 
 only himself and the Dean of Christ Church were capable of preaching the public 
 sermons before the University •*. 
 
 In 1;)84 Laurence Humphrey was succeeded by 
 
 ANTHONY KUDD, a native of Yorkshire, Vicar of Judychamps 1579 (resigned 
 the same year for the I'ectory of Stathern, co. Leicester), Fellow of Trinity College, 
 Cambridge, who held this Deanery nine years, and in 1594 was promoted to the See 
 of St. David's. He died in iGu'. 
 
 Upon the succession of Dr. lUuld to the See of St. David's, 
 
 LEWIS GRIFFITH, D. D. Rector of Kingsland, and a Dignitary of Gloucester, 
 Worcester, Hereford, and Westminster, was installed in 1584. Upon his death, in 
 1607, succeeded 
 
 THOMAS MORTON, descended from Cardinal Morton. He was the son of 
 Richard Morton, mercer, of York, and born there in 1.564. He was educated at York 
 and Hallifax; and in 158-2 sent to St. John's College, Cambridge, of which Society he 
 was elected Fellow by pure merit against eight competitors in 1502. His subsequent 
 preferments were, the Rectory of Long Marston, Yorkshire — a Prebend of York — the 
 Deanery of this Cathedral, June 22, I607 — ■ that of Winchester in 1609 — Rectory of 
 Aylesford — the See of Chester in 1615 — that of Lichfield and Coventry in 1618 — 
 from whence he was translated to Durham in 1632. Being expelled by the Oliverians, 
 after several removals he took up his abode with Sir Henry Yelverton at Easton Mau- 
 duit in Northamptonshire, where he died Sept. 22, 1659, in his yjth year. — While 
 he was Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry he educated and ordained, and presented to 
 a living, a Mr. George Canner, who was born blind. Mr. Canner was a very good 
 preacher; repeated the whole Common Prayer-book by heart, and committed the 
 Lessons perfectly to memory upon his uncles twice reading them over to him. — Bp. 
 Morton's only blemish was countenancing Sunday sports, upon the absurd qualifica- 
 tion of previously attending church J. 
 
 The following anecdote is related of Dr. Morton, when Dean of Gloucester : — The 
 day after he was made Dean, conceiving that preferment sufficient for his maintenance, 
 he sent for Dr. Donne, and offered to resign a living of equal value with the deanery 
 to him, upon a condition very characteristic of the manners of his age. "You shall 
 not," he says, " return me a present answer, but forbear three days, and bestow some 
 part of that time in flisting and prayer; and after a serious consideration of what I shall 
 propose, then return to me with your answer." This transaction happened in 1607. 
 Donne declined the offer ''. The successor to Dean Morton was 
 
 RICHARD FIELD. When James conceived that questions in religion and poli- 
 ticks could be settled by disputation (which only exasperates), this Dr. Field was called 
 in, as one of the advocates for conformity, there being only four Dissenters against 
 sixteen Bishops, thirteen Deans, and the King, the Moderator ; so that, in point of 
 
 h Chalmers, XVIII. 308, 309. ' Richardson's Godwin, p. 5S6. , 
 
 J Chahners, XXII. 441, seq. k Chalmers, XII. 251. 
 
 fact
 
 212 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 fact, though the meeting was intended as a reprimand to the Dissidents, the people 
 would judge it as a persecution, and the result be of course opposite to the royal 
 intention'. Field was a powerful Polemick, knew the times and his interest; was 
 Chaplain to Elizabeth and James, Canon of Windsor, Rector of Borough-Clere in 
 Hants, and promoted to this Deanery in 1609 ; soon after which he was made one of 
 the new Fellows of Chelsea College™, an institution for drawing up Creeds, which 
 fortunately failed, owing to the national attention being occupied in the repairs of St. 
 Paul's Cathedral". He died Nov. 21, 1616, and was buried at Windsor". His suc- 
 cessor was the famous Bishop 
 
 W^ILLIAM LAUD, who was the son of an opulent Clothier of Reading, and born 
 there in 1573. From the Free School of that town he received a Fellowship of St. 
 John's, Oxford. He was remarkable for having filled every office in the University or 
 Church, having been a Scholar, Fellow, President of his College, Proctor, Vice-chan- 
 cellor, and Chancellor. He was Vicar of Stamford in Northamptonshire, North Kil- 
 worth in Leicestershire (which he exchanged for West Tilbury in Essex), Cuckstone 
 in Kent, Prebend of Bugden in the Cathedral of Lincoln, Archdeacon of Hunting- 
 don, Dean of Gloucester in 1616, Rector of Ibstock, Leicestershire, Prebendary of 
 Westminster, Bishop of St. David's, Rector of Creeke in Northamptonshire, Bishop 
 of Bath and Wells, then of London, Dean of the Chapel Royal, and at last Archbi- 
 shop of Canterbury. Such were the preferments of a man who, as a Clergyman, 
 preached opinions verging upon heresies, and, as a Statesman, acted only upon violent 
 principles. The consequence was, as might be expected, enormous injury to his Roval 
 Patron, and his own decapitation in 1644-5. An excellent contrast has been drawn 
 between him and Cranmer, as follows: "It is probable that if Henry [VIII.] had 
 chosen such an instrument as Laud, he would have miscarried in his point; while 
 Charles, with such a Primate as Cranmer [a man remarkably meek, cautious, and ami- 
 able], would either have been successful in his schemes, or at least have avoided the 
 fatal consequences that ensued." But whatever were the faults of Laud, it is certain 
 that he was condemned to death by an ordinance of Parliament, in defiance of the 
 statutes of treasons, of the law of the land, and by a stretch of prerogative greater 
 than any one of the Sovereign whom that Parliament opposed p. Of the munificence 
 of this Prelate too much cannot be said to his honour; but he was a better patron of 
 genius and learning than a professor, his works being few, and not of value. The 
 Archbishop's successor, in 16"21, was 
 
 RICHARD SENHOUSE, D. D. some time Fellow of St. John's College, Cam- 
 bridge, and Chaplain to Prince Charles; consecrated Bishop of Carlisle in 1624. He 
 died by a fall from his horse, May 6, 1626, and was buried in his Cathedral 1. In 
 1624 followed 
 
 1 Fuller's Church Historj', b. IX, p. 7. nj Id. b. X. p. 5'2. " Lysons's Environs, 11. 151. 
 
 o His Epitaph there says that he died in 1616, aged 55; married Elizabeth Harris, and left issue six sons 
 and one daughter. She died in 1G14, aged 41. 
 
 r Chalmers, XX. p. 50, seq. q Richardson's Godwin, p. 772. 
 
 THOMAS
 
 DEANS. 213 
 
 THOMAS WINNIFFE, a Dorsetshire man, and Student of Exeter College, Ox- 
 ford, Prince's and King's Chaplain, successively Dean of this Cathedral and St. Paul's. 
 In 16141 he was consecrated Bishop of Lincoln ; but being deprived in the rebellion, 
 he retired to his patrimonial estate, and died there in 16'54. He was a man of much 
 learning, piety, and integrity '. 
 
 Upon the removal of Dr. Winniffe to the Deanery of Si. Paul's, in 1631, 
 
 GEORGE WARBURTON succeeded. He was installed in June; and in August 
 following promoted to the Deanery of Wells ; whereupon became Dean another King's 
 Chaplain, viz. 
 
 ACCEPTED FREWEN. He was President of Magdalen College, Oxford, while 
 Dean ; and Oxford being besieged by the Rebels, was in l644 consecrated Bishop of 
 Lichfield and Coventry in the Chapel of his College. He enjoyed only the title ; but 
 at the Restoration was translated to York'. 
 
 In 1644 William Brough was nominated by the King; but the civil war having 
 commenced, never enjoyed the situation. 
 
 At this period a person, who under the wise administration of Elizabeth would pro- 
 bably have been a sycophant, took advantage of the times to recommend seizure of the 
 Chapter propert\', that tenants who held their estates under leases nearly equal to free- 
 hold might be turned into rack-renters, and highways might be kept in repair by per- 
 sons who never used a road, for the benefit of those who did. It is not a shadow of 
 difference to the publick whether a clergyman or a layman is landlord of an estate ; 
 but in all ages there are men who substitute regular habits and austere deportment for 
 honour and sentiment, who, were they in the army, would for knavery be broke in a 
 week. We know Joseph Surface and Biifil ; and this person, of the name of Pury, 
 made a fortune by the rebellion, being Signior Manuel Ordonnez in Le Sage, who 
 never walked out without downcast eyes, and counting his beads, and gained a good 
 estate by managing the concerns of the poor. His project was simply this : that divine 
 service might consist chiefly in preaching; the singing-men be in holy orders; and 
 twenty pounds per anmnn be laid out in a table for the poor*; the very worst form of 
 charity, because it is only the resort of the idle, who leave their wives and families at 
 home to starve; in fact, is only keeping an alehouse, without pay for the fare. Such 
 was the plan of a man who was raised by faction to the rank of a Senator, and yet did 
 not know the first principle of legislation, the sacredness of property, whether con- 
 cerning life or goods. It is needless to observe that these remarks allude to the Speech 
 of Maxter Thomas Piiry, which, as merely seditious, is not here printed. 
 
 One would also suppose that men of liberal education, such as was Mr. Dorney, 
 would have preferred a band of regularly-educated musicians to an itinerant fiildler, a 
 well-informed ministry to any ign(jrant person similar to Obadiah Sedgevvick, Presby- 
 
 r Richardson's Codwin, p. 303. s Perfect Journal, vol. I. pp. I4G, MS, 149. 
 
 ' Taken from liis speech in the Perfect Journal^ vol. I. pp. 14C, 148, 149, of which the Author has a copy, 
 n) far as concerns Gloucester. 
 
 ter
 
 214 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 ter of Bread Street, who in the pulpit in hot weather used to unbutton his doublet ". 
 Mr. Uorney thus explains the alleged preference: "Instead of Episcopacy (which 
 seems to lie in the dust) a Presbytery is expected, and Preachers instead of Readers, 
 and a spiritual instead of a formal and pompous service."" Though this pretence of 
 spiritualitv was, in point of fact, nonsense, yet the folly of the regular Clergy paved the 
 way to their own downfall. On Saturday January 29, 1640, a petition was read in the 
 House of Commons against a Minister, that said all Puritans were damned rogues, 
 because thej' refused the last oatli, and drank a health to the King and confusion of the 
 Scots, saj'ing he hoped they would all hang in Hell, and wished himself in Hell to be 
 their hangman; and taught in the pulpit we ought to learn to dance; if we could not 
 dance we were damned". Among the charges against Bishop Wren is this. The 
 Bishop would allow only a set form of prayer. A butcher was gored in the belly by 
 an ox. The wound was cured, and the party desired public thanksgiving in the 
 congregation. The Minister, finding no form for that purpose, read the Service for 
 Churching of Women ". Though this is no apology for reformation in bad taste, yet 
 it somewhat extenuates the new establishment of the Rebels, though mostly mere 
 Pharisees, in their sapient substitution of vulgarity for indecorum. Mr. Dorney, 
 speaking of Nicholas Webb when Mayor, says, " Particulars I need not expresse, being 
 so well known, otherwise I might begin at Mr. IMaiors house, and tell you of his 
 hospitality ; and thence go to the churches, and tell you of his devotion, and how he 
 had a chief hand to the inviting and calling to us of a worthy Minister [Mr. Jackson] 
 to supply the room of the Bishop, Dean, and Chapter in the College."'' Some few 
 years after [165-2] he again observes, in a manner which strongly shows the real prin- 
 ciples of mob reformation, as follows*: " Let me commend one thing further to )'ou : 
 I hope none will account it a matter of superstition, although perhaps some may a 
 work oj" supererogation [a palpable confession of the low taste of the times, and their 
 subjection to prejudice] ; and that is, that you would (together with others) joyn your 
 shoulders to hold up the stately fabrick of the Colledge-Church (the great ornament of 
 this City), which some do say is now in danger of falling."* According to Furney it 
 had been greatly neglected, till 1616, when Archbishop Laud procured an Act of 
 Chapter allowing ^.6o per annum towards its reparation. It seems too, from the 
 same author, that it was in danger of total destruction, from the plots of some per- 
 sons, who had agreed upon their proportions of the plunder. 
 
 V Mercur. Aulic. Week 43, Oct. 22, 1642, p. 599. " Speeches, p. 22. 
 
 ' Diurnal Occurrences. 
 
 " Id. July 1641, p. 295. y Speeches, p. 19. 
 
 z All this is said from pure philosophical regard to History. The early Books of Livy, and several of the 
 Speeches of Sallust, might be quoted in support of the natural warfare from the meanest of motives, Knvy, 
 between indigence and property. The vulgar always substitute external deportment for principle or great 
 qualities ; bribery for real integrity. Cato was a man of principle and temper ; but Caesar and Cromwell 
 had an army of veterans ; and, when once recourse is had to arms, the most successful General dupes all. 
 
 a Speeches, p. 82. 
 
 When
 
 DEANS. 215 
 
 When this miserable period terminated, 
 
 THOMAS VYNER, D. D. a man of family, Prebendary of this Cathedral, and 
 Canon of Windsor, was installed in 1671 ; but dying in 1673, was buried in this 
 Church. To whom succeeded, in the same year, 
 
 ROBERT FRAMPTON. Upon his becoming Bishop in 1681, the new Dean was 
 
 THOMAS MARSHALL, an eminent Linguist in the Saxon and Oriental lan- 
 guages, who was born and educated at Barkby in Leicestershire. He became a Mem- 
 ber of Lincoln College, Oxford, and was chosen in 166S Fellow, without his know- 
 ledge, and in l6j2 Rector of that Society. He was also Chaplain in Ordinary to his 
 Majesty, Rector of Bladon near Woodstock in 1680, and installed Dean of this Cathe- 
 dral April 30, 1681. He resigned Bladon in l682; and died at Lincoln College in 
 1685. From hearing Archbishop Usher preach he conceived such an opinion of him 
 as to make him the pattern of his life; and he was admitted to the degree of B. A. 
 without fees in 1645, because he bore arms for the King, as part of the garrison of 
 Oxford, at his own charge. Upon the approach of the Parliamentary Visitors, who 
 usurped the whole power of the L^niversity, he went abroad, and became Preacher to 
 the Company of English Merchants at Rotterdam and Dort. Here it was that he pub- 
 lished his Observations upon the Gothic and Anglo-Saxon Versions of the Gospels ''. 
 
 In 16S5 was installed WILLIAM JANE, D. D. Regius Professor of Divinity at 
 Oxford, Canon of Christ Church, and Prebendary of Exeter •". Upon his death suc- 
 ceeded 
 
 KNIGHTLY CHETWOOD, born in 1652, at Coventry. Being educated at 
 Eton, he became Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, in 16S3. He contributed the 
 Life of Lycurgus to the translation of Plutarch's Lives, published in that year. He 
 was intimately connected with Wentworth Earl of Roscommon, whose Life, written 
 by him, is preserved in the Public Library of Cambridge, among Baker's MS. Col- 
 lections, and furnished Fenton with some of the anecdotes concerning that Nobleman, 
 which are found among his Notes on Waller's Poems. The Life of Virgil, and the 
 Preface to the Pastorals, prefixed to Dryden's Virgil, were written by Dr. Chetwood, 
 for whom Dryden had a great regard; a circumstance very necessary to be mentioned, 
 as that Life has always been ascribed to Dryden himself. He was Chaplain to Lord 
 Dartmouth, the Princess of Denmark, and King James II.; Prebendary of Wells, 
 Rector of Broad Risington, Gloucestershire, and Archdeacon of York. By the fiivour 
 probably of the Earl of Dartmouth he was nominated by James II. to the See of Bris- 
 tol ; but soon after his nomination the King abdicated. In ifiSg he went out Chaplain 
 to all the English Forces sent into Holland under the Earl of Marlborough; com- 
 menced D. D. lG<)l ; and in April 1707 was installed Dean of Gloucester. This pre- 
 ferment he enjoyed till his decease, April 11, I720, at Teinpsford in Bedfordshire, 
 where he had an estate and was buried. He married a daughter of the celebrated Sa- 
 muel Shute, Esq. Sheriff of London in the time of Charles II., by whom he left a son, 
 John, who was Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and died in I735. Jacob mentions 
 
 *> Chalmers. c Furney. 
 
 that
 
 216 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 that Dr. Clietvvood had a claim to an ancient English Barony, which was fruitlessly 
 prosecuted by his son, and which accounts for his being styled "a person of honour" 
 in a translation, which he published, of some pieces of St. Evremond. He wrote seve- 
 ral poems (some of which are preserved in Dryden's Miscellany and Mr. Nichols's 
 Collection ; and published three sermons, and a " Speech to the Convocation of 
 
 1715."'' 
 To Dean Chetwood succeeded, August 4, 1720, 
 
 JOHN WAUGH, D.D. some time Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford, Rector of 
 St. Feter's, Cornhiil, London, and Prebendary of Lincoln. LTpon his promotion to the 
 See of Carlisle, Oct. 3, 1723% 
 
 JOHN FRANKLAND, D.D. Rector of St. Stephen's, Bristol, was appointed to 
 succeed ; but left this Deanery for that of Ely and the Mastership of Sidney College, 
 Cambritlge. The next Dean, 
 
 PETER ALIX, D. D. Rector of Castle-Camps in Cambridgeshire, succeeded in 
 172,0 ; but in the year following, being removed to the Deanery of Ely, 
 
 DANIEL NEWCOMBE, D.D. Rector of Whimple, Devonshire, succeeded; and 
 dying in I758, was here interred. In tlie same year the situation was filled by a very 
 popular and worthy character. Dean Tucker, of whom it is proper to give an ample 
 account. It is said that his present Majesty [George III.] after hearing him preach, 
 commended the sermon. A Nobleman observed that it was "good old-fashioned 
 Divinity." "Old-fashioned Divinity I" replied the King; "what then is new-fashioned 
 Divinity ?" 
 
 JOSIAH TUCKER was born at Laugharn in Carmarthenshire in 1712. His father 
 was a farmer, and having a small estate left him near Aberystwith in Cardiganshire, 
 he removed thither : and perceiving that his son had a turn for learning, he sent him 
 to Ruthin School in Denbighshire, where he made so great a progress in the Classicks 
 that he obtained an Exhibition at St. John's College, Oxford. The journey from his 
 native place to the University was long, and at that time very tedious, on account of 
 the badness of the roads. He travelled, therefore, for some time, on foot; until old 
 Mr. Tucker, feeling for his son's reputation, as well as for his ease, gave him his own 
 horse. But upon his return, young Josiah, with true filial affection, considered that 
 it was better for him to walk to Oxford than for his father to repair on foot to the 
 neighbouring markets and fairs, which had been the case, owing to this new regula- 
 tion. The horse was accordingly' returned ; and our student, for the remainder of the 
 time he continued at the University, travelled on foot backwards and forwards, with 
 his baggage at his back. [Of the dutiful principles of Dean Tucker there can be no 
 doubt, nor that there may be some temporary journey to Oxford on horseback ; but 
 the support of a horse at Oxford was utterly incompatible with the then circumstances 
 of the student ; and the story must be in the main erroneous.] 
 
 At the age of twenty-three he entered into holy orders, and served a curacy for some 
 time in Gloucestershire. About 1737 he became Curate of St. Stephen's in Bristol, 
 
 d Gialmers, IX. 246. e Richardson's Godwin, 774. August 1733, Furney. 
 
 and
 
 DEANS. 217 
 
 and Minor Canon of the Cathedral. Here he attracted the notice of Dr. Joseph 
 Butler, then Bishop of Bristol, and afterwards of Durham, who appointed Mr. Tucker 
 his Domestic Chaplain. By the interest of this Prelate Mr. Tucker obtained a 
 Prebendal Stall in the Cathedral of Bristol ; and on the death of Mr. Catcott, well 
 known by his Treatise on the Deluj^e, he became Rector of St. Stephen's. The 
 inhabitants of that parish consist chiefly of merchants and tradesmen; a circumstance 
 which greatly aided his natural inclination for commercial and political studies. When 
 the famous Bill was brought into the House of Commons for the Naturalization of 
 the Jews, Mr. Tucker took a decided part in favour of the measure, and was, indeed, 
 its most able advocate ; but, either for this or, according to Seward, for an Essay in 
 support of the Hessians (who came to settle in England), he was most severely at- 
 tacked in pamphlets, newspapers, and magazines; and the people of Bristol burnt his 
 effigy, dressed in canonicals, together with his letters on behalf of naturalization. In 
 1755 he published an able pamphlet on the " Turkey Trade;" in which he demon- 
 strates the evils that result to trade in general from chartered companies. At this period 
 Lord Clare (afterwards Earl Nugent) was returned to Parliament for Bristol ; which 
 honour he obtained chiefly through the strenuous exertions of Mr. Tucker, whose in- 
 fluence in his large and wealthy parish was almost decisive on such an occasion. In 
 return for this favour the Earl procured for him the Deanery of Gloucester in 1758, at 
 which time he took his degree of D. D, So great was his reputation for commercial 
 knowledge that Dr. Thomas Hayter, afterwards Bishop of London, who was the tutor 
 to his present Majesty, applied to Dr. 'I'ucker to draw up a Dissertation on this sub- 
 ject, for the perusal of his Royal Pupil. It was accordingly done, and gave great satis- 
 faction. The work, under the title of "The Elements of Commerce," was printed in 
 quarto, but never published. Dr. Warburton, however, who, after having been mem- 
 ber of the same Chapter with the Dean, at Bristol, became Bishop of Gloucester, 
 thought very difTerently from the rest of mankind in respect to his talents and favourite 
 pursuits ; and said once, in his own manner, that " his Dean's trade was religion, 
 and religion his trade." The Dean, on being once asked concerning the coolness 
 which subsisted between him and Warburton, answered to the following purpose: 
 "The Bishop affects to consider me with contempt; to which I say nothing. He 
 has sometimes spoken coarsely of me; to which I replied nothing. He has said that 
 religion is my trade, and trade is my religion. Commerce and its connections have, it 
 is true, been favourite objects of ni}' attention ; and where is the crime ? And as for 
 religion, I have attended carefully to the duties of my parish ; nor have I neglected 
 my cathedral. The world knows something of me as a writer on religious siilijects; 
 and I will add, which the world does not know, that I have written near three hundred 
 sermons, and jireached them all again and again. My heart is at ease on that score ; 
 and my conscience, thank («od, does not accuse nic." The fact is, that although there 
 is no possible connection between the business of commerce and the duties of a clergy- 
 man, he had studied theology in all its branches scientifically ; and his various pub- 
 lications on moral and religious subjects shew hirn to be deeply versed in theology. 
 
 F F 1"
 
 2i8 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 In 1771, when a strong attempt was made to procure an abolition of subscription to 
 the Thirty-nine Articles, Dr. Tucker came forward as an able advocate of the Church of 
 England, yet admitted that some reformation of the Liturgy was wanted, and instanced, 
 particularly, the Athanasian Creed, which he considered as too scholastic and refined 
 for a popular confession of faith. [Any alteration of the Liturgy has always been 
 deemed objectionable, because likely to excite fresh divisions.] — About this time he 
 published " Directions for Travellers;" in which he lays down excellent rules, by which 
 gentlemen who visit foreign countries may not only improve their own minds, but turn 
 their observations to the benefit of their native country. This has become extremely 
 scarce; but there is a part of it reprinted in Berchtold's " Essay to direct the Enqui- 
 ries of Travellers," an excellent work, published in 17S9, 2 vols. 
 
 In 1772 the Dean printed a small volume of Sermons, in which he explains the doc- 
 trines of election and justification, in reference to a very violent dispute then carried on 
 between the Calvinistic and Arminian Methodists ; the former headed by Messieurs 
 Toplady and Hill, and the latter by the Messieurs Wesleys and Fletcher. The year 
 following he published " Letters to the Rev. Dr. Kippis, wherein the Claim of the 
 Church of England to an Authority in Matters of Faith, and to a Power of decreeing 
 Rites and Ceremonies, is discussed and ascertained." 
 
 When the dispute arose between Great Britain and the American Colonies, the Dean 
 was an attentive observer of the contest, examining the affair with a very different eye 
 from that of a party man, or an interested merchant; and discovered, as he conceived, 
 that both sides would be benefited by an absolute separation. The more he thought 
 on the subject, the more he was persuaded that extensive colonies were an evil rather 
 than an advantage to any commercial nation. On this principle, therefore, he pub- 
 lished his " Thoughts upon the Dispute between the Mother Country and America." 
 He demonstrated that the latter could not be conquered, and that, if it could, the pur- 
 chase would be dearly bought. He warned this Country against commencing a war 
 with the Colonies, and advised that they should be left to themselves. For a time he 
 was considered as a madman and a political quack ; but time proved the error of his 
 opponents, who ought to have known that, from the distance, it was ever impos- 
 sible to send force sufficient for the subjugation of so extensive a territory. — When the 
 terrors of invasion were prevalent in 1779, the Dean exposed the difficulties, perhaps 
 actual folly, of such an attempt in various periodical publications. These were re- 
 printed, with good effect, during the late war. In 1781 he published, what he had 
 printed long before, " A Treatise on Civil Government ;" in which his principal de- 
 sign is to counteract the doctrines of the celebrated Locke and his followers. This 
 book made a considerable noise, and was attacked by several of the best writers^ on 
 the democratic side of the question. The year following he closed his political career 
 with a pamphlet intituled "CuiBono?" in which he balances the profit and loss of 
 each of the Belligerent Powers, and recapitulates all his former positions on the sub- 
 ject of war and colonial possessions. His publications after that period consisted of 
 some tracts on the commercial regulations of Ireland, on the exportations of woollens, 
 
 and
 
 DEANS. 219 
 
 and on the iron trade. In I790, though he had no paternal estate, and only the 
 deanery of Gloucester, besides his living, he solicited the Chancellor for leave to re- 
 sign it in favour of his Curate, a most deserving man with a large family. By the aid 
 of the Parishioners he finally succeeded in this generous purpose. After this he re- 
 sided mostly in Gloucester, where he died Nov. 4, 1799, and was buried in his 
 Cathedral f. 
 
 It is not generally known, that Dean Tucker was the principal agent for sending 
 the famous John Henderson to Pembroke College, Oxford. 
 
 To Dean Tucker, in 1800, succeeded 
 
 JOHN LUXMORE, D. D. Rector of St. Andrew's, Holborn, and Prebendary of 
 Canterbury, which he resigned upon promotion to this Deanery. In 1807 he was ad- 
 vanced to the See of Bristol, and in 1808 to that of Hereford ; and again in IS15 to 
 that of St. Asaph e. 
 
 Upon the promotion of Dr. Luxmore to Bristol, JOHN PLUMTREE, D. D. suc- 
 ceeded. He is descended from an ancient family at Mansfield, in Nottinghamshire ; 
 was educated at Eton, and became Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, in 1775 ; in 
 1778 Vicar of Stone in Worcestershire ; in 1787 Prebendary of Worcester; and in 
 1808 Dean of this Cathedral, which he still holds*". 
 
 PREBENDARIES. 
 
 Collegiate Churches being by their institution to have daily prayers said in them, at 
 hours appointed by the statutes of their foundations, certain rents or services were ap- 
 propriated for the maintenance of particular persons, who were to attend those prayers 
 and hours, out of which each of those persons had a portion assigned him, which was 
 therefore called a Prebend. Deans of Cathedrals occur after the Conquest. The 
 division of Cathedral Lands into Prebends occurs in 1090'. 
 
 Before the Restoration the Prebendaries were classified according to stalls ; but 
 though this distinction ceased at the time mentioned in all other respects than the ap- 
 propriation of their houses according to this now nominal distinction, the Junior Pre- 
 bendary being installed in the lowest stall, the old form is preserved, in designating 
 their respective Prebends''. There are six Prebends, five in the gilt of the King; the 
 other, by Statute 12 Anne, annexed to the mastership of Pembroke College, Oxford. 
 
 From these Prebendaries are annually chosen, on Nov. 3O5 a Subdean, Receiver, and 
 Treasurer. The fixed stipend is ^.20 ; but the fines for renewals of leases render the 
 value much greater. 
 
 * Chalmers, XXX. 59, scq. 
 
 S In Ross Church is an insciiption to the memoi y of Thomas West jihaling, Esf). written by this Bishop ; a 
 ijiecimen of very elegant Latinity. 
 
 '' Information of the very Reverend tlie Dean of Gloucester. ' Willis's Cathedrals, I. |i. 64. 199. se(|. 
 
 1' Furney. L;iynien were excluded from jiicbcnds by the Act of Uniformity. For further information, 
 see Burn. 
 
 First
 
 220 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 First Stall. 
 
 1. Richard Browne, LL. B. King's Chaplain, Rector of Great Risington; appointed 
 Prebend 1541, deprived 1554 for marriage. 
 
 2. Robert Morwent, President of Christ Church College, Oxford; died I558. 
 
 3. John Woodward, B. D. ; installed 1558; resigned 1571. 
 
 4. Thomas Perry, or PuRY, M. A. Rector of Beverstone ; installed 157I; resigned 
 about 1610 (as Furney) ; but died in l6l2, possessed both of Beverstone and the pre- 
 bend (as Radge). 
 
 5. Thomas Prior, M. A. Rector of Cowley and Seisincote; installed l6l2 ; died 
 1632. 
 
 6. George Palmer, B. D. Vicar of Northall, Middlesex; installed 1632; seques- 
 trated 1642 ; buried at Hays, Middlesex, Sept. 28, 1658. 
 
 The Usurpation. 
 
 7. Walter Blandford, D. D. ; installed 1660 ; made Bishop of Oxford, 1665. 
 Whereupon succeeded ' 
 
 8. Henry Savage, author of Ballio-Fergus, or History of Baliol College, Oxford ; 
 was born about 1604, at Eldsfield, in Worcestershire. In 162S he was made Fellow of 
 Baliol ; but on the commencement of the Rebellion he travelled into France with Wil- 
 liam Lord Sandys, whose sister, Lady Mary, he afterwards married. In 165O, upon 
 his return, he became Master of his College ; and on the Restoration, Chaplain in 
 Ordinary to his Majesty, Prebendary of this Cathedral in 1665, and Rector of Bladon, 
 near Woodstock. He died at Baliol in ]672. Dr. Savage was noted for a singular 
 kind of pedantry, an endeavour to appear great in trifles. He treats with great gravity 
 the origin, derivation, &c. of the name Katharine, whether it should be spelt with a K 
 or a C, at what time the letter k was introduced, and the double / in Balliol™. 
 
 9. Robert Frampton, (1672.) See B'ts/iops. 
 
 10. Nath. Hodges, M. A. ; installed 1673 ; Student of Christ Church, Oxford, Pro- 
 fessor of Moral Philosophy, and Prebend of Norwich ; died 1700 ; there buried. 
 
 11. Benjamin King, D.D. Vicar of All Saints in Northampton, and of St. Maryde 
 Lode in this city (where buried) ; installed 1700 ; died 1 72S. 
 
 12. Henry Galley, D. D. ; installed 1728; Prebendary of Norwich. 
 
 13. Edward Wilson, A. M. ; installed 1769 ; died 1805 ; and was succeeded by 
 
 14. Henry Ridley, D. D. the present Prebendary. 
 
 Second Stall. 
 
 1. Henry Willis, B. D.; installed 1541 ; Rector of Uly, Vicar of Sherburn ; de- 
 prived for marriage 1544. 
 
 2. William Collynge, B.D.; installed 1554. 
 
 3. John Tomson, 1554; deprived, says Rudge, in 1559, by Queen Elizabeth, for 
 his religion. 
 
 I Furney. m Chalmers, XXVII ISG. 
 
 4. John
 
 PREBENDARIES. 221 
 
 4. John Smith, LL.D. 1559; returned 1561, as not hospitable and non-resident, 
 but living at Landaff, where he was Archdeacon ; died 1 563-4. 
 
 5. Robert Jones, 1564; resigned 1573. 
 
 6. Richard (Philip as Rudge) Shippard, or Shippar (as Furney) ; Vicar of Want- 
 age, Berks ; instituted 1573 ; died about 159S. 
 
 7. Elias Wrench, M. A.; installed I59S ; Rector of Lassington and Rudford, 
 Gloucestershire ; died 1643, ^^d was buried in the Cathedral. 
 
 8. John English, D. D. ; Rector of Rudford; installed 1633. He was buried at 
 Cheltenham in 1643. He was imprisoned eighteen months, which caused the death 
 of his lady, Jane, daughter of Elizabeth Saudis, Baroness de la Vine, and Mary his se- 
 cond daughter ". 
 
 The Usurpation. 
 
 9. Thomas Warmistree, D. D. ; Rector of Minchin-Hampton, and Dean of Wor- 
 cester ; installed 1660 ; died 1GC5. 
 
 10. Thomas Viner. See Deans. 
 
 11. Abraham Gregory, D. D. ; King's Chaplain, Rector of Cowley, Vicar of 
 Churcham, and Precentor of LandafF; installed I67I ; died 1690, and was buried in 
 the Cloisters. 
 
 12. John Newton ; installed 1690 ; Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge, Vicar of St. 
 Martin's, Leicester, and Rector of Taynton, Gloucestershire; died I711, and was 
 buried at St. Nicholas Church, Gloucester. 
 
 13. Richard Blechindon, LL.D. first Provost of Worcester College, Oxford; 
 installed 1711 ; died 
 
 14. Joseph Atwell, D.D. ; Rector of Exeter College, Oxford, Prebendary of York 
 and South well, Chancellor of Norwich, Rector of Oddington, and Vicar of Fair- 
 ford, CJIoucester ; installed 1736; died 17G8. 
 
 15. George Smythe, A.M., 1768 ; resigned. 
 
 iG. John Sleech, M. A., 1769. On his death succeeded, in 1788, 
 17. Joseph White, an eminent Orientalist, and author of the celebrated Bampton 
 Lectures, was born in 1746, of low parents, in Gloucester, [Qu. Stonehouse ?] where 
 his father was a journeyman weaver, and brought his son up to the same business. A 
 trifling education at an eleemosynary school, excited a thirst for greater acquisitions in 
 the lad, who employed all the time he could spare in the study of such books as fell in 
 his way. His attainments at length attracted the notice of a neighbduring gentleman 
 of fortune, who sent him to Wadham College, Oxford. Upon taking his Master's de- 
 gree in 17733 '1^ applied himself, by the recommendation of Dr. Moore, afterwards 
 Archbishop, to the Oriental Languages. In 1774 he was elected Fellow of his College, 
 and in 1775 Laudian Professor of Arabick. His Bampton Lectures, in 1783, so raised 
 his re])utation, that Lord Thurlovv, without any solicitation, gave him a prebend in this 
 Cathedral. In 179O he vacated his fellowship by marriage, and took a College living, 
 
 n Epit. at Cheltenham. 
 
 the
 
 222 ' HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 the rectory of Melton, in Suffolk. Upon the death of Dr. Blaney he resigned his stall, 
 and received in stead the Regius Professorship of Hebrew, and a Canonry of Christ 
 Church, Oxford : where he died May 22, l&H. Dr. White met with a singular attack. 
 When appointed Bampton Lecturer, he called in to his aid Mr. Badcock and Dr. Parr, 
 but omitted in his preface to acknowledge the obligation. This produced a contro- 
 versy, in which the Doctor was not treated with common fairness. The Bampton 
 Lectures hold the highest character for elegant composition. One characteristick 
 anecdote, by no means common, does high honour to the Professor. To his parents 
 after his promotion he was a most dutiful son ; and it is yet remembered at Gloucester, 
 with what eagerness he left his dignified friends on the day he was installed Prebendary, 
 to embrace his aged father, who stood looking on among the crowd °. 
 
 18. Upon the resignation of Dr. White, succeeded Matthew Surtees, A. M. l802. 
 On his removal to Canterbury, 
 
 19. John Morgan, D. D. was admitted in 1803, and in 18 . ., was succeeded by 
 
 20. James Griffith, D. D. the present Prebendary. 
 
 Third Stall. 
 
 1. John Rodlev, B.D. 154I ; was removed, or died. 
 
 2. Richard Ramsey, A. M. Rector of Shennington, about 1548, as Rudge ; but 
 according to Furney, Thomas Kingswood, a Monk of the Abbey ; buried here in 1559i 
 being then Vicar of Churcham, and Rector of Taynton, as Furney ; but, according to 
 Rudge, deprived in the above year. 
 
 3. Richard Cheiney, 1559. See Bishops. 
 
 4. Robert Johnson, A.M.; installed 1562; Vicar of Churcham; died the same 
 year. 
 
 5. Arthur Sawle, A. M. Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, Vicar of Berkeley, 
 Rector of Weinton, Prebendary of Bristol and Salisbury ; installed 1562 ; died 1585, 
 and was buried in Bristol Cathedral. 
 
 6. Lawrence Bridger, M.A. ; installed 1586, and was buried October 1 8, I630, 
 at Slimbridge, where he was Rector. Resigning five years before his death, he was 
 succeeded by 
 
 7. John Wood, B. D. ; installed 1625 ; died l6'39. 
 
 8. Gilbert Osborne, B. D. Rector of Withington ; installed 1639 ; deprived or 
 resigned in 1643, and was buried at Withington in 1656. 
 
 The Usurpation. 
 
 9. Thomas Washborne, D. D. first regularly installed in Ib'Co. He was born at 
 Wychenford, in Worcestershire ; was of Baliol College, Oxford ; Rector of Dumble- 
 ton, and author of some religious poems and sermonsP, He died 1687, and was buried 
 in the Lady Chapel. 
 
 o Chalmers, XXXI. 400, seq. p .Mhon. Oxon. II. 806. 
 
 10. Like
 
 PREBENDARIES 223 
 
 10. Luke Beaulieu, B. D. ; installed 1687 ; Rector of Whitchurch, Oxford, Pre- 
 bend of St. Paul's ; died 1 723, buried at Whitchurch. 
 
 1 1 . Nathaniel Lye, D. D. Archdeacon of Gloucester, Prebendary of Bristol, which 
 he exchanged for this ; Rector also of Kemmerton and Dursley ; died 1737, and was 
 buried in St. Michael's Church, Gloucester. 
 
 12. Dr. Henry Salter, one of the writers in the Athenian Letters, and a very ac- 
 curate Greek scholar, was the eldest son of Dr. Samuel Salter, Prebendary of Norwich, 
 and educated in the Free School of that city, from whence he was removed to the 
 Charter House. Afterwards he was admitted of Ben'et College, Cambridge, and in 
 1733 chosen Fellow. Becoming tutor to the sons of Lord Chief Justice Yorke, af- 
 terwards Lord Chancellor, he obtained a Prebend of this Cathedral in I737, which he 
 afterwards exchanged for one in that of Norwich. His subsequent preferments were 
 the Rectory of Burton Coggles, Lincolnshire ; Great Yarmouth ; St. Bartholomew's, 
 London ; and the Mastership of the Charter House, where he died May 2, 1778. His 
 memory was surprising, and though he preached extempore, a sermon delivered here 
 on account of a musick-meeting was printed ; but his most extraordinary production 
 was the first " loC lines of the First Book of the Iliad, nearly as written in Homer's 
 time and country," since copied into Dawes's Miscellanea Critical. 
 
 13. Samuel WooLLEY ; installed 1747; dying, 
 
 14. Charles Bertie succeeded in 1764 ; and upon his death, 
 
 15. Samuel Horsley^ the famous Bishop of St. Asaph, who exchanged for a Pre- 
 bend in the sixth stall. He was the son of the Rev. John Horsley, A, M. many years 
 Clerk in Orders at St. Martin's in the Fields, London, and afterwards Rector of Thor- 
 ley in Bedfordshire, and Newington Butts in Surrey. Where his son was first educated 
 is not certain ; but he was a member of Trinity Hall in Cambridge, where he took 
 the degree of LL.B, in 17;')8, and became Curate at Newington to his father, whom 
 he succeeded in the living by resignation. In 1768, he went to Christ Church, Ox- 
 ford, as private tutor to Heneage, Earl of Aylesbury, then Lord Guernsey, by whom he 
 was, in I774, presented to the rectory of Aldbury in Surrey. His talents and learning 
 having attracted the attention of Bishop Lowth, that prelate, in 1777, made him his 
 Domestick Chaplain, and collated him to a prebend in St. Paul's Cathedral. By the 
 same interest he succeeded his father as Clerk in Orders at St. Martin's in the Fields. 
 In 1779, he resigned Aldbury ; and in 1780 Bishop Lowth presented him to the living 
 of Thorley, which he held by dispensation with Newington, but resigned the former 
 on being appointed Archdeacon of Essex, and in 1782 Vicar of St. Weald in that 
 county, both which he owed to the same episcopal patron. In 17S2 commenced his 
 grand controversy with Priestley, upon which his name began to be generally known. 
 The reputation thus acquired recommended him to Lord Chancellor Thurlow, who 
 presented him to a prebend of this Church, and made him in 17SS Bishop of St. 
 David's. In 1793 he was translated to the See of Rochester, with the Deanery of 
 Westminster united, which in l802 he resigned for the See of St. Asaph. He died 
 
 4 ChalntiLTS, XXVII. 83. See Anecdotes of Bowyer. •^ 
 
 Oct.
 
 224 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Oct. 4, 1806, aged 73''. [As a Polemic, his acuteness and subtlety excite very high 
 admiration, for no man ever wrote with so little common place, or idea more latent. 
 His conduct, as Bishop and Dean was highly laudable ; but, in his parliamentary 
 manner, he appeared much too officious and warm (whatever were his good intentions) 
 for the temper and calmness of the episcopal cliaracter. Had he, however, been a tem- 
 poral peer, he must have been a cabinet minister, or leader of opposition.] 
 
 16. Thomas Eyre, LL.D.; installed 1788. On his promotion to a Canonry of 
 Wells, 
 
 17. John Mitchell, D.D, 1798, who is the present Prebendary. 
 
 Fourth Stall. 
 
 1. James Vaughan, M. A.; installed 1541 ; dying 1546, 
 
 2. John Williams, LL.D., Chancellor ; died 1558. 
 
 3. Christopher Yaxley, 1559 ; Rector of Whitechapel. Resigned three years 
 before his death to 
 
 4. Griffith Williams ; installed 1567 ; died 1573- 
 
 5. William Shingleton, A.M. Vicar of Thornbury; installed 1573; occurs, 
 1594 ; as does, 
 
 6. John Robinson. 
 
 7. Edward Muns, M. A., of Peter House, Cambridge ; 1597; resigned. 
 
 8. Edmund Bracegirdle, A. B. of Brazenose College, Oxford ; Rector of Stowel, 
 and Vicar of Chedworth ; installed I60O ; died 160I-2. 
 
 9. Peter Cocks, M. A. of Magdalen College, Oxford, Rector of Cleeve : installed 
 1603 ; died l6l2, and was buried at Cleeve. 
 
 10. Thomas Anian, D. D., President of Christ Church College, Oxford ; installed 
 1612 ; Rector of Deinton, which he resigned in 1613 ; Prebendary of Canterbury, 
 where buried in 1632. 
 
 11. Gilbert Sheldon ; was installed 1632-3. He was the youngest son of Roger 
 Sheldon, one of the household of Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury, and born July I9, 1598. 
 In 1613 he was admitted of Trinity College, Oxford, and 1622, elected Fellow of All 
 Souls. Becoming Domestic Chaplain to Lord Keeper Coventry, he obtained this stall. 
 His subsequent preferments were the rectories of Ickford in Bucks, and Newington ; 
 the Vicarage of Hackney, the Wardenship of All Souls, a Chaplainship in Ordinary, 
 and Clerkship of the Closet. From his wardenship he was ejected by the Parliament 
 visitors, but recovered it upon tlie prospect of the Restoration. This change of afi'airs 
 brought him the Deanery of the Chapel Royal, the See of London, with the Mas- 
 tership of the Savoy annexed, the Archbishoprick of Canterbury in 1663, and in 
 1667 he was elected Chancellor of the University of Oxford. Sheldon was more of 
 a politician than a divine, in which character his conduct was not sufficiently cor- 
 rect. His great munificence is his leading eulogiunl^ 
 
 r Chalmers, XVIII. 180, seq. s Chalmers, XXVII. 443. Richardson, p. 1G3. 
 
 12.
 
 PREBENDARIES. 225 
 
 12. Richard Harwood, D. D., a native of Gloucester, Rector of Wick Risington 
 and Rudford ; installed l6'6'0; died l66g ; buried at St. Michael's Church. 
 
 13. William Washborne, M.A., Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford; installed 16'6"9; 
 died 1675 ; buried in the Lady Chapel. 
 
 14. Dr. Henry More, the second son of Alexander More, esfj. He was born at 
 Grantham in Lincolnshire, October 12, 1614, and after passinjj three years at Eton, 
 he was admitted of Christ's College in Cambridge. He declined even a Bishoprick, 
 and resigned a rectory which his father had purchased, accepting a stall in this Cathe- 
 dral, only that he might transfer it to Dr. Edward Fowler, afterwards Bishop. He was 
 entirely devoted to a studious life, and was buried in the chapel of his college in Sep- 
 tember 1687, in his 73d year. He was a very popular divine, full of Calvinism and 
 Platonick philosophy. For twenty years together, after the return of Charles H. his 
 " Mystery of Godliness" ruled all the booksellers in London. Dr. Outrara considered 
 him as the holiest person on the face of the earth. He was subject to fits of extacy, 
 during which he seemed so entirely swallowed up in joy and happiness, that Mr. Norris 
 styles him the " Intellectual Epicure." Blair notices his " Divine Dialogues" as ani- 
 mated by variety of character and sprightliness *. 
 
 15. Edward Fowler, 1675. See Bis/iops. 
 
 16. Benjamin Barnet, M.A. 169I \ Vicar of Plumsted in Kent, where buried; 
 died 1707. 
 
 17. Robert Cook, A.M.; instituted 1707; Rector of Little Wittenham, Berks; 
 Archdeacon of Oxford ; died 1724; buried in Highnam Chapel. To him succeeded 
 an eminent man in his day : 
 
 18. Anthony Ellys, born in 1693, his parentage and place of birth being un- 
 known. He took his degrees at Clare Hall, Cambridge, of which house he was proba- 
 bly Fellow. After ordination he became Vicar of St. Olave Jewry, with the united 
 rectory of St. Martin Iremonger, in 1 724 ; and in I72.5 was presented by Lord Chan- 
 cellor Macclesfield, whose Chaplain he is said to have been, to a prebendal stall in this 
 Cathedral. In 1728, when King George II. visited Cambridge, he was made D. D. 
 In 17.')2 he was promoted to the See of St. David's, with which he held his stall, his 
 city living, and, besides other preferments, the vicarage of (ireat Marlovv, Bucks. He 
 died at (iloucester, January 17, 1761, and was buried in the South Isle of the Cathe- 
 dral. Bishop Ellys was a very able and learned controversialist, especially against the 
 Ilomanists ; but his principal work did not appear till after his death. It is entitled 
 " Tracts on the Liberty, Spiritual and Temporal, of Protestants in England." Part I. ; 
 and "of Subjects," Part II. The specific character of Bishoj) Ellys's work is, that it 
 is a copious defence of Constitutional Whiggism. All controversy he treated with 
 gentle, charitable, and Christian liberty, because " lie always thought a person, though 
 on the right side of the question, with principles of persecution, to be a worse man 
 than he that was in the wrong.'' But though he vindicated toleration, he denied the 
 
 t Chalmers. XX. 352. seq. 
 
 G G necessity
 
 226 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 necessity of adjoining to it civil power, because he did not think it a question of 
 right ". 
 
 18. Alexander Malet, A. M. ; installed 1761. 
 
 19. James Benson, LL.D., Rector of Siddington, Vicar of Standish, Chancellor of 
 (iloucester; installed 17/5; died I785. 
 
 26. Hon. and Rev. Edward Venables Vernon ; installed 1785 ; Canon of Christ 
 Church, Bishop of Carlisle, now Archbishop of York. 
 
 27. Hon. and Rev. Daniel Finch, Fellow of All Souls, Oxford ; installed 1792, the 
 present Prebendary. 
 
 Fifth Stall. 
 
 1. Edward Bennet, Monk and Receiver of the Abbey, Vicar of Badgworth ; in- 
 stalled 1541 ; died 1546. 
 
 2. Richard Mounslow, King's Chaplain, last Abbot of Winchcomb ; installed 
 1546; buried here 1558. 
 
 3. Walter Jones, M.A. Prebendary of Westminster, Precentor of Hereford, Arch- 
 deacon of Brecknock, Rector of St. John's, Gloucester, Vicar of Painswick ; installed 
 1559 ; died 1573 ; buried in Hereford Cathedral, 
 
 6. Thomas Philips ; installed 1573 ; occurs in 1 579, and was succeeded by 
 
 7. Roger Green, Rector of Dovvdesvveil ; he occurs in 1585. Resigned. 
 
 8. Samuel Proctor, A.M.; installed 1586; Vicar of Islington, near London, 
 Resigned l602. 
 
 9. William Loe, D. D. installed l602; King's Chaplain; Vicar of Churcham ; 
 <lied 1648. 
 
 The Usurpation. 
 
 10. Hugh Naish, D. D., Rector of Harlaxton, Lincolnshire, where supposed to be 
 buried; installed 1660 ; died 1675. 
 
 11. Asahel King, M. A. Rector of Deinton, Gloucestershire; installed 1676; died 
 1G78. 
 
 12. Ralph Cudvvorth was son of Dr. Ralph Cudvvorth, Rector of Aller in Somer- 
 setshire ; and born there in 1617. His father dying when he was only seven years old, 
 and his mother marrying again, his education was superintended by his father-in-law, 
 Dr. Stoughton. In 1630 he was admitted pensioner of Emanuel College, Cambridge, 
 where, after taking the two first degrees, he was chosen Fellow. He became tutor, and 
 among his pupils was the celebrated Sir William Temple. In 1644 he took the degree 
 of B. D. and the same year was appointed Master of Clare Hall in Cambridge, in the 
 room of Dr. Paske, who had been ejected by the Parliamentary visitor*. The year 
 after. Dr. Metcalf having resigned the Regius Professorship of Hebrew, Cudworth was 
 unanimously nominated by the seven electors to succeed him. In 165 I he took the 
 degree of D. D., and in 1654 was cho.sc^n Master of Christ's College in Cambridge, in 
 
 u hi. XIU. 150. 1.-S4. 
 
 whicli
 
 PREBENDARIES. 227 
 
 which year also he married. In 1662 he was presented by Sheldon, then Bishop of 
 London, to the vicarage of Asluvell in Hertfordshire, and in 1678 installed a Pre- 
 bendary of Gloucester. He died at Cambridge, June 26, 1688, and was interred in tht 
 Chapel of Christ's College *. 
 
 13. Richard Duke, M. A. Rector of Whitney, Oxford, Chaplain to Queen Anne; 
 installed 1688; died 1710. 
 
 14. Christopher Baynes, M. A. Rector of Farmington, where he was buried; in- 
 stalled 1711 ; died I718. 
 
 An Act of Parliament, made in I714, settled the next Stall which should be vacant 
 on the Mastership of Pembroke College, Oxford. The Stall proving to he this, 
 
 15. Matthew Panting, D. D. Rector of Coin Rogers, Master of Pembroke College ; 
 installed 1718. Upon his death succeeded, as Master of Pembroke College, 
 
 16. John Ratcliff, D. D.; installed I738 ; died 1775 ; and was buried at St. Mary 
 de Cript's Church. 
 
 17. William Adams was born at Shrewsbury in I707, of a Shropshire family, and 
 at the early age of thirteen was entered at Pembroke College, where he took his Mas- 
 ter's degree April 18, 1727, and obtained a Fellowship. In 1732 he was presented to 
 the Curacy, or, as usually called, the Vicarage of St. Chad, in Shrewsbury; and on this 
 occasion quitted the College. In 1756 he took the degrees of B. and D. D. ; and then 
 returned to Shrewsbury, where he discharged his clerical duties in an exemplary form, 
 and was very active in promoting the foundation and success of the Salop Infirmary. 
 The 3'ear before he went last to Oxford he was presented to the Rectory of Counde in 
 Shropshire, which he held during life. In 177.5, the principal Tutor not being suffi- 
 ciently old to succeed to the vacant Mastership of Pembroke College, Dr. Adams was 
 elected, and became, inconsequence. Prebendary of Gloucester. During his Master- 
 ship the College was filled with respectable independent members, chiefly from his 
 own county. Upon his new appointment he resigned the living of St. Chad, where he 
 was inuch respected, and was soon after made Archdeacon of Llandaff". He died iit 
 his Prebendal House in Gloucester, Jan. 13, 17SJ), aged 82, leaving an only daughter, 
 lady of B. Hyett, Esq. by whom she had no issue *. 
 
 The chief work of Dr. Adams was a " Reply to Hume's Essay on Miracles ;" acute, 
 elegant, and undcgradcd by abuse. He also published some occasional Sermons. Bos- 
 well and Dr. Johnson visited him at Oxford, the latter having been a contemporary 
 fellow-collegian. The rej)resentatives of Dr. Adams are nephews of the same name ; of 
 whom one (William), some time Tutor of Pembroke, was held by the College in very 
 particular estimation. 
 
 18. William Cox Sergrove, installed 1789; a n;itive of London; educated at St, 
 Paul's School ; Fellow of Pembroke College, as founder's kin ; Master afterwards. 
 Dying suddenly of apoplexy, he was succeeded by 
 
 19. Jo:iN Smyth, D. D. a man of considerable learning, knowledge of the world, 
 and a great traveller; a kind friend, and instructive companion; died in 1809. 
 
 ^ w Id. XI. 10}. 864. « Chalmers, I. 143, H4. 
 
 ^ 20.
 
 2^8 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 no. George William Hall, D. D. the present Prebendary. He was born at Chel- 
 sea, and educated at St. Paul's School, from whence he removed temporarily to Abing- 
 don School, in order to take a Wightwick Scholarship of Pembroke College, Oxford, 
 in 1788. He took the degree of B. A. in I792, and of Master in I795. In 1796 he 
 was admitted Fellow of the College; in iSoS took the degree of B. D. ; and Nov. 2, 
 1809, succeeded Dr. Smyth in the Mastership of Pembroke College and this Stall. In 
 the same year he took the degree of D.D. — Dr. Hall is also Rector of Tainton, Glou- 
 cestershire; and has been Annual Examiner at St. Paul's School for seven years last past. 
 
 Sixth Stall. 
 
 1. John Huntley, last Prior of Tanridge, co. Surrey; installed 1541. 
 
 2. Thomas Kingswood, a former Monk of the Abbey, held it 1549; died 1559; 
 buried in the Cathedral. Rudge. 
 
 [3. Richard Ramsey, alias Hawling, M. A. Rector of Shenington, co. Gloucester; 
 installed 1558; deprived in 1559. Thus Furney ; but Rudge omits him.] 
 
 4. Guy Eaton, B. D. an exile to Strasburgh during Mary's reignX; Rector of Hor- 
 ton, Vicar of Great Barrington, and St. Leonard Shoreditch, Archdeacon of Gloucester; 
 installed I559; resigned I57I. 
 
 5. John Angel, A.M. Vicar of Wroughton, Wilts ; installed 1571 ; died 1577- 
 
 6. Anthony Higgins ; installed 1577 ; Rector of Sutton under Brayles, Kempsford, 
 and Leckhampton, Vicar of Painswick and Campden ; died 1578- 
 
 [7. Thomas Cook, M. A.; installed 1578, as Furney ; but uncertain, for] 
 S. Robert Alfield, or Awfield, A. M. Rector of Barnsley and Bourton on the 
 Water (said to be installed Feb. iS, 1579, on Hig^ins's death J ; died 1583. 
 
 9. Ralph Cook, alias Eaton, occurs 1585 ; Rector of Kemmerton and Wick 
 Risington; died I5S7. 
 
 10. William Wingfield, Rector of Buckland, CO. Gloucester; installed 15S7. 
 
 11. Adrian < ^ ' ,! , r< installed 1591 ; resigned for a Prebend of 
 
 (. Savaria, nudge J 
 
 Canterbury. 
 
 12. Henry Aisgill, M. A. Vicar of Down Hatherley, Chancellor of St. David's; 
 installed 1599; buried at Down Hatherley lfi22. 
 
 13. Thomas Isles, D.D. Rector of Todenham and Lasborough, Canon of Christ 
 Church, Oxford ; installed l622; buried at Christ Church l649- 
 
 The Usurpation. 
 14- Robert Harris, M. A. ; installed 16C0. 
 
 15. Francis Jacob ; installed 1662. 
 
 16. Anthony Andrews, M. A.; installed l6'fi5; Vicar of Standish and Haresfield, 
 where buried 1678. 
 
 y Bale, vo:. II. -A'l, c<l. Ujx)rin.
 
 PREBENDARIES. 229 
 
 17. Tlie famous Bishop Bull; installed 1678. — " George Bull, Bishop of St. 
 David's, was born March 25, 1634, at Wells in Somersetshire. He was descended 
 from an ancient and genteel family, seated at Shapwick in that county. His father 
 destined him from the font to the Church, but died when he was only four years old, 
 leaving him an estate of ^.200 per anmim. He was first educated at Wells, from 
 whence he was soon removed to Tiverton ; and becoming qualified for the University 
 at fourteen years of age, was entered a Commoner of Exeter College, Oxford, July 10, 
 1648. In January l6'49, through refusal to take the oaths to the Commonwealth, he 
 retired with his tutor, Mr. Ackland, to North Cadbury in Somersetshire, where he 
 continued till nineteen; and from thence removed to a Puritan Divine's at Ubley in 
 the same county. When only twenty-one years old, he was, on account of the pressure 
 of the times, ordained Deacon and Priest by Dr. Skinner, the ejected Bishop of Oxford, 
 on the same day. His ])referments were, successively, the Livings of St. George, Bris- 
 tol, the two Siddingtons, a Prebendal Stall at Gloucester, the Rectory of Avening, the 
 Archdeaconry of Llandaff", and, in I705, the See of St. David's. He died Sept. 17, 
 1709, and was buried at Brecknock, leaving only two children out of eleven. His lite- 
 rary fame rests chiefly upon his able defence of the doctrine of the Trinity; but his 
 memory will ever be honoured as an exemplar of an excellent Parish Priest. An 
 amusing anecdote is related of him. Being called upon to baptise the child of a Dis- 
 senter, the prayers, which he used extemporaneously, extremely affected the father and 
 the whole company. After the ceremony, the father of the child returned him many 
 thanks, intimating, at the same time, with how much greater edification those prayed 
 who cntirejy depended upon the spirit of God for his assistance in their extempore 
 effusions, than they did who tied themselves up to premeditated forms. Mr. Bull, who 
 had got the service by heart, then shewed them the office he had used in the Liturgy ; 
 and, by adding other warm recommendations of the Common Prayer, converted the 
 whole family to the Church." ' 
 
 18. Robert Bull, A. B. son of the Bishop, admitted on resignation of the latter, 
 1705, Rector of Tortworth, and Vicar of Churcharn. 
 
 19. Nathaniel Templeman, M. A. ; installed 1729, Ftirney ; died 1J29, Rudge, 
 more correctly. 
 
 20. William Warburton, 1753; resigned 17.')5, on promotion to a Prebend of 
 Durham. 
 
 21. Thomas Burton, D. D. 1755. 
 
 22. John Warren, D. D. Rector of Ripple, co. Worcester ; installed 176"l ; died 
 1787. 
 
 23. The famous Bishop HoRSLEY ; of whom before ; resigned 1793- 
 
 24 Joseph Atwell Small, D. D. King's Chaplain, Incumbent of St. PauPs, Bris- 
 tol, Prebendary of Bristol ; installed 1 794 ; died 18 . . ; whereupon was installed 
 25. Rev. TowNSHEND Selwvn, A. M. the present Prebendary. 
 
 « Chalmers, Vil. "263— 269. 
 
 Tf»e
 
 230 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 The Patent of King Henry the Eighth appointed six Minor Canons ; reduced at the 
 Restoration to four (out of whom are chosen the Precentor, Sacrist, Deacon, and Sub- 
 deacon) ; a chief School-master and Usher ; each of whom has a house and stipend. 
 They are also presented to small livings, rejected by the Prebendaries, in the patronage 
 of the Chapter. An Organist, or Master of the Choristers ; six Lay-clerks, or Singing- 
 men; eight Choristers; four Alms-men; two Sextons, or Vergers; an Auditor, Chap- 
 ter-clerk, and two Sub-sacrists. 
 
 The present Minor Canons are, 
 Edward Jones, A. M. 
 W. G. Hornidge, a. M.» 
 
 Robert Clifton, A. M. 
 W. W. MuTLow, A.M. 
 
 Mr. Jones is the present Precentor. He is an officer elected yearly, and may be 
 chosen from among the Prebendaries. His duties are, to bury and baptize; and he has 
 likewise the direction of the Services and Anthems. 
 
 SCHOOL, called THE COLLEGE SCHOOL. 
 
 A School was anciently kept in the Abbey. About the year I447 (irammar 
 Learning was so low that several Clergymen of London petitioned Parliament for 
 leave to set up Schools in their respective Churches, in order to check smaller semi- 
 naries conducted by illiterate men; and Eton originated on the same principle. To 
 prevent the growth of ^^ icklivism it had been made penal for any persons to put their 
 children to private teachers. Some hundreds were thus compelled to go to the same 
 school ; where, to use the words of the Records, " the masters iiaxed rich in nionei/, 
 and learners poor in cunning." By the advice of the Ordinary or Archbishop of Can- 
 terbury, Licences were therefore granted to the above Petitioners, and thus com- 
 menced Grammar Schools, properly' so called ''. Upon the foundation of the Chapter, 
 the Abbey Library was converted into a School, and repaired and made more conve- 
 nient for the purpose by Elizabeth Wiltshire, widow, in 1587. 
 
 1558. Robert AuFiELD. 
 1576. Tobias Sandfokd. 
 1580. Thomas Wastell, or 
 Wastal. 
 
 MASTERS. 
 
 158S. Ei.ias Wrench. 
 .... William Loe. 
 1605. Thomas Potter. 
 1612. John Clark. 
 
 a Died since this was written — April 1919. 
 
 b Maitlands London, 1. 193—197. Fuller's Ch. Hist. Cent. XV. pi>. \7'2, 183. 
 
 IGI7.
 
 MASTERS. — USHERS. 
 
 231 
 
 1617. John Lang ley. 
 
 1640. Thomas Widdowes. 
 
 .... William Russel, died I659. 
 
 1659. Benjamin Master. 
 
 1660. John Gregory. 
 1673. Oliver Gregory. 
 
 1684. Maurice Wheeler ''. 
 .... Benjamin Nevvton. 
 1718. William Alexander •*. 
 .... Edward Sparkes. 
 .... Charles Bishop. 
 .... A. B. Evans. 
 
 USHERS. 
 
 1563. John Lightfoot. 
 
 1576. Francis Peerson. 
 
 1594. Francis Arnold. 
 
 1605. Thomas Wood. 
 
 1607. Thomas Lovd*. 
 
 1612. Christopher Prichard. 
 
 1618. Daniel Williams. 
 
 1621. Thomas Daniel. 
 
 1628. Giles Workman. 
 
 1635. Thomas Widdowes. 
 
 1635. Christopher Prior. 
 
 163 .. John Graile. 
 
 1637. Richard Lovel. 
 
 163S. William Collins. 
 
 1639. William Elbridge f. 
 
 Batten, resigned. 
 
 1659. Bays. 
 
 1661. Abraham Gregory. 
 1671. Nathaniel Lye. 
 1674. Thomas Treppet. 
 .... John Hilton s. 
 1707. Henry Abbot"*. 
 1718. Jeremiah Butt'. 
 1727. Joseph Gegg. 
 1739. Edward Sparkes. 
 1742. John Palmer. 
 17 . . Charles Bishop. 
 .... g. w. hornidge. 
 
 Of these, several have been eminent men ; viz. 
 
 1. Elias Wrench, supposed son of Elias Wrench the Prebendary, was Scholar and 
 Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and Rector of Trent in Somersetshire, 
 where he died in 1680. He wrote a poetical Paraphrase on the Book of Job''. 
 
 2. Thomas Widdowes, born at Mickleton, was first of Gloucester Hall, afterwards 
 a Demy of Magdalen College, Oxford. He was successively Master of the Schools at 
 Gloucester, Woodstock, and Northleech; and was buried at Northlecch in l6'").> He 
 wrote some curious works respecting Woodstock '. 
 
 3. William Russel was born at Wickwar, and educated at Wotton Underedge. 
 He was afterwards a Graduate of Lincoln College. He died in iG^i), leaving some 
 ingenious sons. Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford '". 
 
 ' Prebendary of Lincoln, ;'.nil Rector of Fhorp Mandevil!, co. N'orthan)j)ton ; died 1727, and buried at 
 Warpenhaii), where he had been Rector. 
 
 '' Rector of Colcsbourn, and Vicar of Haitjiury ; died 174'2. 
 
 « Rector of Harescoinb and Pitchcomb. f Rector of Winston. 
 
 ; Vicar of istonclioii.sp. ^ Vicar of I..ongney. ' Vicar of Sheraton, Wihs, 
 
 k Athcn.Ox.I. p. U. >Id.p.J93. >''ld.p.M5. 
 
 4. John
 
 2.S2 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 4. John Gregory, born at Woodstock, educated in Cambridge, Rector of Hemp- 
 *ted, and Archdeacon of Gloucester ; he published a sermon. According to Wood, 
 j^e died in December 1678". 
 
 5. Giles Workman, son of William, was born at Bagpath ; in 1623, of Magdalen 
 Hall. He was Vicar of Walford in Herefordshire; made by Judge Hale Rector of 
 Alderley, where lie was buried in 1655°. 
 
 6. John Graile was son of John Graile, Priest of Stone. He was of Magdalen 
 Hall in 1632; afterwards Master of the Free School at Guildford, and Rector of 
 Tidworth, Wilts. He died in 1654. He was a famous Puritan, and wrote several 
 sermons P. 
 
 The latest Usher was the Rev. G. W. Hornidge, A. M. But since his resignation 
 the upper and under Masterships are united in the Rev. A. B. Evans, A. M. 
 
 SONG SCHOOL. 
 
 "The Choristers of the Cathedral have a right of admission and instruction in the 
 King's Grammar School, and very frequently are of the numbers which are included 
 in it. They are eight in number, so appointed by the Statutes of the Cathedral ; and 
 are usually admitted about the age of eight or nine, according as their voices recom- 
 mend them, and their fitness for the musical parts of our Cathedral Service. They are 
 chosen by the Dean and Prebendaries in Chapter assembled ; and are generally 
 removed when they cease to be useful to the Choir by their voices becoming too 
 manly, or by their want of proficiency in the science of Musick, wherein they are 
 prepared and taught regularly and daily, commonly by the Organist or by his 
 Deputy. 
 
 " The parents of the boys often find it suit their purposes best to request leave to 
 have their children confined more to the learning of writing and arithmetick in other 
 schools of the City, which permission is granted them, provided their attendance at 
 the Cathedral is regularly observed, whiclj it is, much to the credit of the Church, 
 where the duty is performed equally well with that of any Cathedral which stands the 
 foremost in this praise. 
 
 "After their departure from the Choir, having had the benefits, if their parents 
 please, of an education, or much assistance towards it, in Latin, Greek, Writing, 
 Arithmetick, and Musick, nothing hinders their going to the University; and in 
 many Cathedrals this is a common practice; whence they frequently come back again 
 in the capacity of Minor Canons, of which many very respectable instances may be 
 adduced. The sons of Clergymen are thus very often put in training for the Church, 
 and become in time useful members and ornaments of it. 
 
 n Athen.Ox. II.p.883. old. I. p. 197. p Id. I. p. 177- 
 
 " In
 
 ,■<? 
 
 '-■^ 
 
 
 ^-
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 233 
 
 " In this Church there are no Exhibitions to either of the Universities "i." 
 According to Arciideacon Rudge, the whole of the Service, till the time of the late 
 Dean, Dr. Luxmore (Bishop of St. Asaph), did not use to be chaunted. Equal pains 
 was not taken of course; and according to the following anecdote ■■, which has crept 
 into numerous periodical journals, the service of this Cathedral was years ago, not of 
 its present musical excellence. About the year IJ-iS, in the Lent season, a minor 
 canon [probably a lay-clerk] from this Cathedral, ottered his service as a Singer to 
 Handel. His offer was accepted, and he was employed in the Choruses. Not satis- 
 fied with this department, he requested leave to sing a solo-air, that his voice might 
 appear to more advantage. This request also was granted ; but he executed his solo so 
 little to the satisfaction of the audience, that he was, to his great mortification, vio- 
 lently hissed. When the performance was over, Handel, by way of consolation, made 
 him the following speech : — "I am sorry, very sorry indeed for you, n)y dear Sir, but 
 go back to your church in de country ; God will forgive you for your bad singing; 
 dese wicked people in London, dey will not forgive you.'' 
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 
 
 " THE most detailed description of Architectural Ruins must Jail to convey to 
 the mind so clear and correct an impression, as the graphical representation of the 
 objects themselves does to the ei/e ; and the more laboured the attempt to describe in 
 words the position, the arrangement, thej'onn, and magnitude of the several partSr 
 the more the picture becomes confused, and the less likely to answer the purpose,'" 
 
 Quarterly Review, N° 37, p. 179. 
 
 This motto is adopted in order to vindicate accounts of this Cathedral, in which tech- 
 nical terms are avoided. Every body knows the meaning of the pointed CJothic style, 
 and they who may not see the splendid Plans and Elevations published by the Society 
 of Antiquaries, (the work iiere used), may be cheaply gratified by the plates of Bon- 
 ner, who has high merit for the taste and eflfect with which he has displayed his sub- 
 jects. 
 
 Before entering upon the account of the present Cathedral, it is to be remembered, 
 that the Nunnery ascribed to Osric, was a distinct fabrick from that of the present 
 Cathedral ; for so Leland makes it, who knew better than we possibly can. The little 
 
 q Miss Hackett, in Gentleman's Magazine, June 1818, p. 488. » Related by Dr. Miller. 
 
 H H Cloisters
 
 234 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Cloisters subsequent!)' belonged to it; and the Old Church, in some modern autho- 
 rities, is said to have stood Eastward in the Grove, and the Deanery to have formed part 
 of it. It was the rule to place cloisters on the South of the church, and the plan en- 
 graved by the Society of Antiquaries shows, that the Infirmary and its adjuncts have an 
 area (a parallelogram) of very thick walls, standing due East and West; and this, in the 
 opinion of the Author, as it was Forney's also, was the first Conventual Church. The 
 outline below is taken from the Plan mentioned, as being the best authority ; and the 
 Author is led to this idea by the existence of this old Church in Leland's time; the 
 position East and West ; the oblong form, and some vestiges of columns and arches, 
 
 S. 
 
 
 
 - ■■■ -- ■ — 1 
 
 S3 
 
 
 * 
 
 SO. 
 
 ss 
 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 . 
 
 1 
 
 E. 
 
 Little 
 Cloisters. 
 
 W. 
 
 N. 
 
 Infirmary 
 Chapel. 
 
 at the parts marked *. According therefore to the Author's presumption, the Old 
 Convent formed the Infirmary of Aldred's Benedictine Abbey. The Little Cloisters 
 are presumed to have been part of this first Monastery ; but there was no such mo- 
 nastick fabrick, before the ninth century, as Cloisters any where. Of course they can- 
 not be coeval with the other parts. 
 
 The second Abbey, or Aldred's foundation, as it is called by Leland, in distinction 
 from Osrick's^, is the fabrick of which we are now to treat : and it is to be recollected, 
 that the present building is styled by Malmsbury and Leland, not Serlo's, but Aldred's 
 foundation. 
 
 It is fit to premise the following table, as comprising in one view the various dates of 
 the fabrick, particularized and published under the authority of the Society of Anti- 
 quaries. 
 
 Aldred, 1058 Crypt and Aisles round the Choir. 
 
 c 1 r 1 una. jNave, all but the Vaulting and ancient part of 
 
 (. Transepts. 
 
 John Thokey, 1329 South Aisle and Vault of the Nave. 
 
 t Tiiese traces of a Western Porticus prove the Anglo-Saxon antiquity of this building; and that it was 
 a Church, according to Mr. Wilkins, Archaeologia, XIII. 290, scq. 
 
 s Collectanea, I. '2G. 83, 41G. Furney (ap. Rudder, 132), allows that the Old Church stood near the 
 Infirmary. From comparing his account with Leland, it appears, that Aldred pulled down part of the Old 
 Church for materials of the New, and converted the remainder into the Infirmary of his new foundation. 
 
 Thomas
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 235 
 
 Thomas Horton, 1377 West-end of the Church. 
 
 John Boy field, 138I Choir. 
 
 Walter Froucester, 1412 . . . Great Cloisters. 
 
 Thomas Seabroke, 14.17 • • • • Central Toiver. 
 
 William Farleigh, 14^9 .... Lady Chapel. 
 Upon the two first statements, (though the ground-plan of the Choir is curved and 
 Anglo-Saxon), a controversy has arisen, viz. whether the fabrick of Aklred was not a 
 church, which stood North of the present ; and the existing building the work of 
 Serlo only. The last hypothesis cannot be admitted, as it is confuted by the Chroni- 
 clers, who wrote before the Reformation, and appears to have been founded upon the 
 confused account of the Abbey Registers, and want of recollection that the word Ec- 
 clesia, not only signified the Church, but the whole Monastery *. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Hall, the Prebendary, and Master of Pembroke College, Oxford, has 
 amiably furnished the Author with the accounts of this and other parts of the building, 
 from the Manuscript Lives of the Abbots in (2ueen's College Library. 
 
 Anno D'ni 105S, de licencia Regis Ed- A. D. 105S, by licence of King Edward 
 wardi Confi', ipse Aldredus Ecclesiam the Confessor, this Aldred built the Ec- 
 illam a fundamentis construxit de novo, c/e.sm anew, and honourably consecrated it 
 et in honore Principis Apostolorum Petri in honour of Peter, Prince of the Apostles, 
 honorifice dedicavit. 
 
 A. D. 1079, in die festivitatis Ap'" Petri A.D. 107,9, on the day of the festival of 
 
 et Pauli, hoc anno Glouc' ecclesiaB locata the Apostles Peter and Paul, in this year, 
 sunt fundamenta, venerabili Viro Rob'to were laid the foundations of the Ecclesia 
 Herefordensis Episc" primum lapidem in of Gloucester, the venerable man, Robert 
 eo ponente, agente D'no Serlone Abbe. Bishop of Hereford, laying the first stone, 
 
 by the agency of Lord Serlo, Abbot. 
 
 These extracts, by udrn'm^ foundations in both passages, prove no more than distinc- 
 tions between the works of Aldred and Serlo ; and by taking the word Evclesta wrongly, 
 the passages have been made to refer to two difierent 11th century Churches, in the 
 modern and limited sense of the word Clutrch ; whereas the idea is flatly disproved 
 by direct authority : for what the Lives call the Ecclesia, William of Malmsbury terms 
 the Monastery. 
 
 William was living in 1143, not forty years after the death of Serlo, and therefore 
 well knew the Abbey of Gloucester personally, while in its Norman infancy. " There 
 is," he says, " in this city of Ciloucester, the Momtsterj/ of St. Peter, which I have 
 more than once said that Archbishop Aldred began."" He speaks, by using the 
 word began, in distinction (as is plain from Leland), to Osrick's foundation, which 
 before existed. It is therefore plain, that Aldred began the existing Abbey, and Serlo 
 
 t Sec tliis loose meaning exemplified in the Extract quoted in § Cloisters. 
 
 u '• Est ergo in i|)sa civitate Gloucestiia; sancti Petri Monaslerium, quod ibi Aldreduni Arcliiepiscopuin 
 incepissenon semcldixi." Scriptor. p. Bed. f. ICl. b. 
 
 proceeded
 
 236 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 proceeded in the work. Leland satv the remains of the Old Church " yet remaining in 
 his time ; and it had altars and tombs in it, which the Abbey Chronicle states to 
 be long antecedent to the days of Aldredx. How could Aldred begin what previously 
 existed ? 
 
 The best accounts given of this Cathedral are certainly those of the Society of Anti- 
 quaries, and of Mr. Dallaway. To commence with the first, 
 
 " The Committee appointed by the Society of Antiquaries for the publication of the 
 Ecclesiastical Antiquities of England, have selected the Cathedra], anciently the Con- 
 ventual Church of St. Peter at Gloucester, for the subject of their present investigation ; 
 not only on account of its general magnificence, and that the dates of its several parts 
 are remarkably well ascertained, but because that in the different styles of our archi- 
 tecture which it exhibits, singularities are to be found, not met with in any other 
 church in this country, and perhaps not in any on the Continent. 
 
 " The Church of (iloucester is moreover extremely interesting, as being one of the 
 very few conventual edifices of the highest class, which escaped the havoc of the Dis- 
 solution. Its rulers appear to have been perpetually attentive to the repair or decora- 
 tion of their church, and to have employed artists of singular skill and abilities at 
 every period. Hence it happens not only that specimens of almost every variety of 
 style are to be found in this Church, but that these specimens are very perfect of their 
 kind ; and that the assemblage of the whole, though successively erected during a 
 period of four hundred years, is grand and harmonious. From this general good effect, 
 produced by many dissimilar parts, we may be led to consider those men, who wish 
 to reduce our ancient churches to one uniform plan, and who, in consequence, would 
 destroy those parts, hosvever beautiful^, or however curious, which do not accord with 
 this preconceived idea of uniformity, as acting on principles not less adverse to archi- 
 tectural effect, than destructive of the most precious remains of national antiquity. 
 
 *' The disposition of the conventual edifice of Gloucester differs in a very essential 
 point from almost every other in this kingdom. The Cloisters and Claustral buildings 
 were generally placed on the South side of the Church for the obvious advantage both of 
 shelter and sunshine. At Gloucester the whole of them are now, and appear always to 
 have been, on the North of the Church. The cause of this singular variation does 
 not appear*. At York and Lincoln, it is true, that the Chapter Houses are placed on 
 the North-eastern side ; but these churches never were conventual. 
 
 " It is certain, that the Cathedral of St. Peter was first built by Aldred, Bishop of 
 Worcester, and by him finished and consecrated in the year 105S. This Church is 
 said to have been entirely burnt down in IO88, and rebuilt by Abbot Serlo. There is 
 
 I Osricus dux scpultus Glocestrise, qui cccnobium virginum construxit, ubi nunc sunt Monachi. Part 
 magna veleris ecclesice etiamnum restat. (Collect. III. 159). He also, as before quoted, always discriminates 
 Osrick's and Aldred's foundations, as distinct things. 
 
 y See Dugd. Monast. I. 109. z See the quotation fi-om Martin further on. 
 
 a Why ? when Aldred laid the foundations of the New Church further Southward, the Cloisters fell 
 back into the North of course.
 
 .iui/inft Jit^^' 
 
 'A>/.f ,./'///, /"'.,///, y>„/,.^v//.., 
 
 '/■/:i//- /■.
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 23: 
 
 strono; reason, however, to believe that this account is exaggerated. The crypt under 
 the choir, and the remaining original part of the choir itself, bear marks of high anti- 
 quity ; and the Nave, which is stated to have been rebuilt at the same time, and which 
 does not appear to have been by any subsequent Abbot re-edified, is of a style very dif- 
 ferent from that of the choir. [Stt/le. — Massy round Columns, with staple-headed 
 arches, and mouldings billeted ; distinguishing characteristick, column very high, and 
 arch very small ; in the centre a grotesque head. Over each arch four small cylindrical 
 arches, in compartments of two each, under two arched canopies. See Fig. 1. F.] It 
 therefore seems most probable, that the Crypt, and the Saxon part of its superstructure, 
 are of the original Church built by Aldred ; and they are of a design extremely beau- 
 tiful as well as singular. [Sti/le. — Very low massy round columns, with very lofty 
 arches, of much wider span than the arches of the Nave. See Fig. 2. F.] 
 
 " The Eastern termination of the choir is of a curved form'', which was universally 
 adopted in the most ancient churches, and is continued even to the present day in every 
 part of Europe, excepting in England. In this country it was deviated from, in se- 
 veral instances, soon after the Norman Conquest ; and was, within little more than a 
 century afterwards, almost entirely disused. The cause of this very remarkable na- 
 tional variation from the ancient and general form of churches, it would probably 
 be now impossible to ascertain. 
 
 " The East end of the Choir of Gloucester is however rather semi-elliptical than 
 semi-circular, which is uncommon. Three small chapels project from the curved part. 
 The two lateral ones remain in their original form, both within and without. The 
 central chapel has been destroyed to the ground, and the entry to the present Lady 
 Chapel covers its site; but it remains in the Crypt, as the plan of that part of the 
 Church shows. 
 
 " The aisle surrounding the choir has nothing uncommon in its form or disposition 
 below, but above this aisle the great peculiarity of this Church occurs. The side aisles 
 and eastern chapels are, in fact, including the crypts, three stories high, and all vaulted, 
 and the ujjper range of chapels surrounding the choir, is perhaps not to be met with 
 in any other church in Europe. The architectural effect of this upper tier of well 
 lighted chapels from the choir, into which they opened by noble semi-circular arches, 
 must have been so rich, the light and shade so varied, and the perspective so full with- 
 out confusion, that splendid and elaborate as the tracery is, which now, to use Mr. 
 Warton's expressive words, " is thrown over them like a web of embroidery," we may 
 perhaps be allowed still to regret the majestic simplicity of the original Saxon design : 
 and that the expanse of the magnificent double arcades of the original structure is 
 shut uj) and reduced to the choir-like form the chapel now wears. Of this more 
 modern part of the Choir we shall speak more fully hereafter in its order of time. 
 
 " The nave, up to the vaulting, is next in antiquity to the Saxon choir, and may 
 fairly be ascribed to Serlo. 
 
 •• Undoubted Anglo-Saxon style. 
 
 "In
 
 238 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 " In this part the uniform and lofty range of columns is remarkable, and is scarcely 
 to be found in any other church in this country, except the conventual one of Tewks- 
 bury. 
 
 " The side aisles are by this unusual elevation of the columns, much higher than is 
 common in Saxon or Norman churches ; and the space between the arches, turned over 
 the columns, and the windows of the nave, commonly called the Triforium, is much 
 less than usual. The roof of the side aisles is of course very flat, and must from the first 
 have been covered with lead. It may be doubted, whether this ordonnance is so agree- 
 able to the eye, as the usual distributions of the parts of the Norman churches. 
 
 " The upper part of the nave of Gloucester certainly at present wants lightness and 
 elevation ; but when covered with its original timber cieling, it would not have had 
 quite so heavy an effect as the more modern vaulting now gives it.. This vaulting was 
 probably the work of Abbot Thokey, who rebuilt the Southern aisle about the year 
 1320. Of this aisle the external elevation cannot be surpassed in lightness and rich- 
 ness of decoration. The buttresses, with the canopies and pedestals for statues, are 
 peculiarly beautiful; and the form of the windows, and design of their tracery and en- 
 richments, render this part of the building a model of the purest style of the pointed 
 architecture. 
 
 " A very great and sudden change of style in our national architecture took place 
 in the reign of Edward III. <= The added part at the West end of the Church, pro- 
 bably the work of Abbot Horton about the year 136*0, affords a striking example of 
 this change of style. 
 
 " The renovation of the choir appears to have been begun about this time, or perhaps 
 rather earlier ; but so great a work could not be completed in a short period ; and the 
 whole style of the building seems of a later date than the West end of the Church, and 
 more nearly resemb"!ing that of the Cloisters, which are known to have been erected by 
 Abbot Froiicester about the 3'ear 1400. IMr. Dallavvay, in his ingenious essay on this 
 Cathedral, (see his Observations on.English Architecture, pp. 62, et seq.) is of opinion, 
 
 ^ It may not be presumptuous to call it rather a deterioration than aa improvement. The small columns, 
 which so beautifully adorned the pillars of the nave, and the flanks of the windows and doors, the round 
 mouldings and deep under-cut cavettoes, which gave peculiar elegance of light and shade to the imposts, 
 the rose-buds and quaterfolls which enriched them, were totally discontinued. 
 
 " The high-pitched arches, formed generally on an equilateral triangle, were flattened ; the tracery, quit- 
 ting the circular forms which had hitherto been principally affected, assumed an angular character ; and this 
 ))revalence of angular forms ])crvadcd every part of the building ; the arches were struck from centres, be- 
 low their spring, so that they formed an angle with the pier at their rise *. The mouldings of the great 
 pillars were generally squares and shallow cavettoes ; and the same may be said of those of the mullions 
 and tracery of the windows, and other decorative parts." 
 
 * " This sppcies of arch is to be found in the military architecture of F'ngland, at a much earlier period ; but in this de- 
 scription of building, it was evidently adiipted from motives of convenience: an acutely pointed arch wouhl either have 
 rendered the whole aperture of the Gateway inconveniently higli, or the flanks of the arch, if iis spring was placed low, 
 would have impeded the clear headway, necessary where bulky loads were often to pass. No such reason existed for its 
 introduction into ecclesiastical architecture." 
 
 that
 
 ^ 
 
 V
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 239 
 
 that it was finished by Abbot Boyfield, about the year 1380 ; and the internal evidence 
 of the building itself confirms this supposition. The great elevation of the vault, the 
 richness of its design, the elaborate tracery which covers the walls, and the vast ex- 
 panse of its Eastern window, renders this choir an almost unrivalled specimen of the 
 florid style of architecture. Still, like the chapel of King's College, Cambridge, it is 
 merely a hall. The beautiful light and shade of the side aisles is in a great degree 
 lost ; and the magical effect of columns (be their order what it may) is ill exchanged 
 for the flatness of walls, however their surface may be embroidered with tracery, or 
 other sculpture. 
 
 " The design of the Eastern window is perhaps quite singular, and was probably 
 owing to the necessity or convenience of founding the new work on the solid basis of 
 the old Saxon substructions. Of this the architect has however made a most ingenious 
 use. The fan-like expansion of the two Eastern compartments of t!ie side walls, and 
 the bowed form of the East window itself, are extremely beautiful, and give a peculiar 
 air of lightness and space to the termination of the Church. 
 
 " The design of the tracery of this window partakes of the general defects of this 
 style of architecture. It is divided into regular stories, all similar, all square, unlike 
 the simply graceful shafts of the earlier windows ; and the head, instead of the art- 
 ful interweavings of circular segments, has only a few heavy divisions, which seem an. 
 overweight for the mullions which support them. If the remaining parts of the great 
 Eastern and Western windows of Tintern Abbey, or the exquisite East window of Mer- 
 ton College Chapel, be compared with the windows of the periods now treated of, the 
 earlier windows cannot but strike every observer '^. 
 
 " Abbot Seabroke's magnificent Tower is next in point of date, and so similar in 
 style to the choir, that any further observations upon it are scarcely necessary. But, 
 perhaps, the noble external appearance is dearly bought at the expence of blocking uj) 
 the transept within, by the thick walls necessary for its support. Great skill is however 
 manifested in the construction of these walls, and the great exterior arphes, which bear 
 the weight of the tower. The squareness of form in the pinnacles, when compared to 
 those which crown the towers of an earlier date, is a further proof of the decay of taste ; 
 and perhaps the open work in them, and the battlements, has rather a meagre than a 
 light eflfect^ The stone is wrought almost to the slenderness of iron-railing, the per- 
 forated pinnacles not a little resembling bird-cages, and such a termination ill accords 
 with the solidity of the tower itself f. Perhaps the pinnacles of the Western Towers 
 of York Minster, and the clustering pinnacles from amidst which the spire of St. 
 Mary's Church at Oxford rises, may be considered as perfect specimens of the due 
 
 ■* The criticisms upon tliis window arc certainly just. It owes its celebrity to dimension, and not to plan. 
 
 '■ All writers on subjects of this kind are more or less Mannerists. Here is a prejudice, probably founded 
 upon a close aspect, upon the leads of the tower, where the Author recollects the eflect to be bad ; but, ui 
 his opinion, from the light style and rich decoration of the tower, there is a very appropriate airiness and 
 elegance in tlie pinnacles. 
 
 f This is scene-painting when viewed close. 
 
 union
 
 240 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 union of airy lightness with solidity, which form the character of the best period of 
 our ancient architecture. 
 
 " The Lady Chapel, built by Abbot Farleigh, about the year 1490, is the latest part 
 of the Church in date. In style it very nearly resembles the choir, both in its beau- 
 ties and its defects. Extreme ingenuity is displayed in the union of the Chapel with 
 the Chnrch. The light of the great Eastern window is scarcely at all obscured by the 
 building, though so close to it; and the line of junction, which is in one of its trans- 
 verse mullions, is almost imperceptible from within the choir. [In the simple view 
 of ingenuity, this is the most marvellous thing in the whole Cliurch ; indeed is exqui- 
 sitely clever.] A gallery of communication is also most artfully managed above, which 
 connects the upper side aisles of the choir, passing between the great East window, and 
 the Western window of the Chapel without touching either. This passage, which is a 
 narrow stone gallery, 75 feet long, about 3 feet broad, and 8 feet high within, is com- 
 monly known by the name of the ffliispering Gallery, and has the property of trans- 
 mitting sound along its walls to a very extraordinary degree. The lowest whisper, 
 if the mouth be applied close to the wall, the lightest scratch with a pin on the stone, 
 is distinctly heard from one end of the gallery to the other?. \_For the Plan of the 
 fVhlspering Gallery, &c. (htterior section) see Fig. 3.] 
 
 " The first portion of building attached to the North side of the West Front, [see 
 Fig. 4,] exhibits a curious instance of the mixed style of our architecture, when the 
 pointed had not entirely superseded the semi-circular arch ; and when the ornaments 
 of the Norman architecture were still applied to the decoration of the newly intro- 
 duced forms. Such instances as these abundantly disprove the system of those who 
 would derive the pointed style of the 13th century from a Saracenic source. 
 
 "The other building (of which a sketch is given in Fig. 3,) which is called the 
 Monks' Treasury on no very good authority, has been introduced, both as a very beau- 
 tiful specimen of the enriched style of early pointed architecture, and as having some 
 peculiarities rarely met with. The foliage, which fills up the spandrils (corners) of 
 the arches inclosing the windows, may perhaps be considered as more beautiful than 
 the tracery, which in the succeeding centuries, would have occupied that place; and 
 the feathery leaves, which adorn the capitals of the columns of this building, and most 
 others of the same period, were ill exchanged for the heavier forms, and angular shapes, 
 of the capitals of a later date. The windows over the door are extremely rare. Some 
 thing of the same sort, though plainer, is still to be found in a door-way in the Cloister 
 Court of Netley Abbey, in Hampshire ; and perhaps it would not be easy to point out 
 another instance." 
 
 Such are the masterly remarks of the Committee of the Society of Antiquaries, as- 
 sisted by the professional observations of the late eminent John Carter, F.A.S. who, 
 when making his drawings, went round the building with the Author. But the latter 
 
 g The celebrated Ear of Dionysius, and the numerous contrivances of ancient oracles : of which the 
 former is, according to Denon, an ancient fiction, are proofs of the antiquity of these deceptions ; easily 
 explained, as Rudge observes, upon acoustic principles. 
 
 thinks
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 241 
 
 thinks that the Committee speaks too unfavourahly, from not discriminating two lead- 
 ing distinct principles in Grecian and Gothic architecture, in respect to one point, 
 effect. Tlie Greek idea was to impress by a colonnade, the Gothic by an arcade. In 
 the first to display the column, the frieze and cornice, the top finish ; in the other the 
 column was sacrificed to the perspective of the arch. By the former the eye was car- 
 ried along a horizontal line ; by the latter the vaulting was a continuation of the arcade 
 plan. Nothing, however, can be more plain, than that an arcade between Grecian 
 columns is far inferior in effect to the cornice. To give the best effect to an arcade 
 the pointed form and light column is certainly necessary ; and therefore the author 
 does not see why throwing the old Saxon arches into the background is entitled to such 
 severe remark, as occurs in the preceding statement. It seems only to be just where 
 the subject is Grecian : for certainly the Saxon arch has a very cellar-like, common- 
 sewer aspect. 
 
 In a printed sheet concerning this Church, written in an elegant style, by Mr. J. C. 
 Buckler, to accompany his View of it, there are these original remarks. It says, '- The 
 Saxon arches and columns are peculiar on account of their loftiness and proportional 
 narrowness ; and when compared with those of St. David's, or the remains of Tutbury 
 and Radford Churches, appear very remarkable. This unusual height reduces that of 
 the triforium or gallery story which is low ; each division having two small Saxon 
 openings." It further observes generally, " The architecture of the several parts of 
 the church is of the most pure and elegant kind, forming a just mixture of simplicity 
 and richness." 
 
 I shall now proceed with the " Extracts from the Lives of the Abbots, communi- 
 cated by Dr. Hall." 
 
 Petrus, secundus Abbas post conques- Peter, second Abbot after the Conquest, 
 
 turn, eccles. S'ti Petri Gloucestr. Abb'iam surrounded the Abbey Church of Glou- 
 
 muro lapideo insigni vallavit. cester with a fine stone wall. 
 
 A. D. 1222, magna turris Gloucestr. A.D. 1222, the great tower of the church 
 
 ecclesiae, auxiliante Helia Sacrista, est of Gloucester was erected by the aid of 
 
 erecta. Helias tlie Sacrist. 
 
 A.D. 1237, Helias de Liford [the Sa- In 1237, died Helias de Liford, who 
 
 crist before mentioned] mortuus est, qui built the tower of the Abbey. He also 
 
 turrem Abb'ise Glouc. erexit. Stalla Mo- built the ancient stalls of the Monks, 
 nachorum antiquaconstruxit. 
 
 An. D'ni I2'i2, completa est nova volta In the year 1242 was completed the 
 
 in navi ecclesiae, non auxilio fabrorum ut new vault in the nave of the church, not 
 
 primiim, sed animosavirtute Monachorum by the aid of workmen, as first, but by 
 
 tunc in ipso loco existentium *". Et eodem the spirited virtue of the Monks in the 
 
 •> Even Bishops used to carry mortar and stones in basketti, while Cathedrals were building. VI V^xis, 
 171. See too, XV. Scriptores, 292. 
 
 I I anno
 
 242 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 anno incepta est nova turris versus Occi- place. And in the same year was begun 
 dentem in parte Austral! ejusdem ecclesiae the new tower towards the West in the 
 k Walterd de Sancto Johanne, tunc Priore South part of the same Church bj' Walter 
 ejusdem loci. de St. John, then Prior of the same place. 
 
 Johannes de Ffelda successit omnium John de Feld succeeded by election of 
 fratrum electione. Istius tempore Occiden- all the bretliren. In his time [l243 to 
 talis turris a parte Australi perfecta est. 1 263] the Western tower on the South side 
 
 was completed. 
 Successit Johannes Thoky. Eodem John Thoky succeeded. In the same 
 tempore constructa est ala australis in navi time [1307 to 1329] was built the South 
 ecclesiae, expensis multis et sumptuosis. ile in the nave of the church, with much 
 
 and heavy expence. 
 
 Johannes Wygmor, Prior hujus loci, in John Wigmore, Prior of this house. 
 
 Abbatem est electus, &c. Dum Prior was elected Abbot [in 1329]. Whilst 
 
 ejusdem Monasterii tabulam ad altare Pri- Prior of the same Monastery he orna- 
 
 oris cum imaginibus politisdeauratis sump- mented a picture at the Prior's altar with 
 
 tibus suis adornavit alam S. Andr8e polished gilt images at his own expence. 
 
 ut tunc dictam a fundamentis usque ad He brought the ile of St. Andrew (sup- 
 finem perduxit. In ingressu chori in parte posed the North transept) as it was then 
 Australi sepelitur, quam ipse construxit, called, from the foundations to a conclu- 
 cum pulpito ibidem. sion. He lies buried in the entrance of 
 
 the choir on the South side, which he 
 himself built, together with a pulpit there 
 [demolished 1718, to make room for the 
 organ. Furney]. 
 Cui [Joh. Wygmor] successit D'n's To whom [John Wigmore] succeeded 
 
 Adam de Stanton, Prior hujus loci, Ad. de Stanton, Prior of this place 
 
 quo tempore constructa est magna volta in which [whose] time was built the great 
 chori magnis et multis expensis et sump- vault of the choir at large and much and 
 tuosis, cum stallis ibidem ex parte Prioris heavy expence', together with the stalls 
 ex oblatione fidelium ad tumbam, &c. there on the Prior's side, out of the faithful 
 
 at the tomb [of Edward]. 
 Opere et industria ejusdem [Thomae de By the labour and industry of the same 
 Horton] magnum altare cum presbyterio, [Tho. de Horton] the high altar, with the 
 cum stallis ex parte Abbatis, fuerunt in- presbytery [the raised upper end of the 
 cepta et consummata. Sed et alam S'ti choir] together with the stalls on the Ab- 
 Pauli, quae incepta fuit in Monasterio bot's side, were begun and finished. Also 
 bt^ati Petri in crastino Epiphaniye D'ni an. S. Paul's ile, which was begun in S. Pe- 
 Kdvardi Tertii post couquestum, et in vi- ter's Abbey on the morrow of the Epiphany 
 
 i These grumbling words are probably inserted, because, as appears fri)m the Abbey Chronicle (MS 
 Cott. Domit. A. tiii.) it is said, that the richest offerings, good or bad, were sold to build anew this vaulting, 
 when the old one might have been repaired. 
 
 giliis
 
 T H E C A T H E D R A L. 243 
 
 giliis natali D'ni a" supradict pie- 20 Ed. III. was fully finished on the vigil 
 
 narie est consummata : cujus operis ex- of Christmas in the same year; the ex- 
 pensae, cum omnibus suis expensis, exten- penses of which, with all the other cost, 
 derunt se ad ']Sl f sic in mafginej libras. amounted to 781/. [This Abbot also] 
 . . . Construxit in ingressu chori in parte built on the North side of the entrance of 
 Boreali imagines cum tabernaculis ibid. the choir images with niches. 
 [These are all the matters relating to the church-building in the MS. which termi- 
 nates with Abbot FroucesterJ] 
 
 Such being the existing accounts, and the plunder of the archives of the Dean and 
 Chapter not permitting further reference to original sources, the remaining notices 
 must be taken from Archdeacon Furney : — 
 
 John IMorwent, Abbot from 1420 to son], had it not been thought that it 
 1437, made the West front, and erected would have weakened them too much." 
 the stately porch and two pillars, one on I'ho. Seabroke, Abbot from I450 to 
 each side of the body of the church, at the 1457, began the tower. 
 West end, intending, if he had lived, to The Lady Chapel was begun and corn- 
 have made tlie whole body of like work. pleted between the years 1457 and I498, 
 
 This was not the only danger to which /. e. during the Abbacies of Henley and 
 the pillars of the nave have been subjected. Farley. 
 
 Martin'' says, "The only blemish in the Will. Malvern, Abbot from 1514, built 
 church is the enormous size of the pillars the neat vestry at the North end of the 
 in the body of it, which are much too cross ile, and erected a handsome chapel 
 large in proportion to their height, and on the North side of the choir, just below 
 would have been reduced to a proper size, the tomb of King Edw. If. for the pur- 
 chiefly at the cost of the late Bishop [Ben- pose of being interred in it. 
 
 From these details of the dates of the building, we proceed to the excellent and ela- 
 borate account of this splendid fabrick by Mr. Dallaway. It is different in manner 
 to the preceding descriptions published by the Antiquarian Society, and includes other 
 objects. 
 
 " The area in which this sumptuous edifice is placed ' is spacious and neat. At very 
 distant periods it has been externally made conformable to a prevailing style of pure 
 
 It Nat. Hist. Engl. 1. 356. 
 
 ' " Dimensions of the Cathedral at Gloucester. 
 
 Total length and breadth 420 feet by 144 
 
 Of the Nave l/I — «4 
 
 Choir 140 
 
 Transept G6 
 
 Tower 22.5 feet high, including the pinnacles. 
 
 Our Lady's Chapel 90 feet by 30 
 
 Cloisters 141 — 130" 
 
 The architectural beauties of the Cathedral have been delineated by Samuel Lysons, Esq. !•'. II. S. F. S.A. 
 in a Series of Etchings in folio, of which the spirit, accuracy, and elegance, are seldom equalled by profes- 
 sional artists. J^',':^' 
 
 -^^ "Gotbick."
 
 244 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 " Gothick." A few years only before the suppression of the Abbey, the tower was 
 completed, under the direction of Robert Tulley (one of the Monks, and afterwards 
 Bishop of St. David's ") to whom that charge had been devised by Abbot Sebroke, 
 who died in 1457. The ornamental members, and perforated pinnacles, are of the 
 most delicate tabernacle work, very full, but preserving an air of chasteness and simpli- 
 city. Its peculiar perfection, which immediately strikes the eye, is an exact symmetry 
 of component parts, and the judicious distribution of ornaments. The shaft of the 
 tower is equally divided into two stories, correctly repeated in every particle, and the 
 open parapet and pinnacles, so richly clustered, are an example of Gothick, in its 
 most improved state. 
 
 " The extremely beautiful effect of large masses of architecture by moonlight may 
 be considered as a kind of optical deception, and nearly the same as that produced by 
 statuary when strongly illuminated. Thus seen, the tower of this Cathedral acquires 
 a degree of lightness, so superior to that which it shows under the meridian sun, that 
 it no longer appears to be of human construction. 
 
 " As to the parts nearer the ground, under the same circumstance, I avow my pre- 
 ference of the Grecian style, for a portico and colonnade, casting a broad shade from 
 multiplied columns, and catching alternately a striking light from their circular form, 
 become distinct ; and a grand whole results from parts so discriminated. The Gothic, 
 on the contrary, is merely solid and impervious, and owes all its effect to its mass and 
 height. 
 
 " The statues of tutelary saints and benefactors, which were dispersed in various 
 parts of the external view, have suffered much, even in their pedestals and canopies, 
 by the mutilation of fanatics. It is to be regretted, that some of the English Cathe- 
 drals which have escaped it, in a certain degree, should have been built with friable 
 stone, of which that of Lichfield is a lamentable specimen. For a collection of statues 
 in a perfect state, the western fronts of the Cathedrals of Wells and Lincoln are the 
 most worthy notice. At Sienna, the exterior of the great church is covered with mar- 
 ble, which retains the minutest ornament, in a complete state. Those who have not 
 visited the Continent can scarcely imagine how much we have lost in our best instances, 
 by the destruction of effigies and carvings, whilst the above-mentioned remain as en- 
 tire as when first erected. 
 
 " The vacant niche lessens the luxuriance of the rich Gothic in a degree proportioned 
 to a defaced entablature of the Corinthian order. 
 
 "> " Robert TuUy was consecrated Bishop of St. David's 1469 ; ob. 1482. Over the dividing arch of the 
 nave and choir is written in the Gothic chuacter, 
 
 " Hoc quod ilii^cstum speciilaris opusque polituni 
 TuUii ex onere Sebroke Abbate jubente." 
 [i. t. This work, which you see digested and polished, was made by Tully under the order of Abbot Se- 
 broke.] Thomas Sebroke, who was elected Abbot in 1453, died in 145" ; and it is a fair conjecture that 
 TuUey was appointed by him to superintend the execution of a plan he h;ul given for the choir. The same 
 R. Tulley laid the foundation-stone of Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1473. \. Wood." 
 
 " Few
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 245 
 
 " Few churches in England exhibit so complete a school of Gothic, in all its grada- 
 tions from the time of the conquest, as the Cathedral of Gloucester. 
 
 " The heavy Saxon style, with enormous circular pillars bearing round arches with 
 indented mouldings, distinguishes the nave, which is the chief part of the original 
 structure erected by Aldred Bishop of Worcester, in 10S9. The South aisle is Nor- 
 man, with windows of the obtuse lancet form, and finished with the nail head mould- 
 ing, which is always the same on both sides. In the Western front, and the additional 
 arcade, we must observe a much later style, as the nave was considerably lengthened 
 by Abbot Horton in the fourteenth century. 
 
 " It is hardly possible to enter the choir, which includes every perfection to which 
 the Gothic had attained during the fifteenth century, without feeling the influence of 
 veneration. In the nave 
 
 ' The arched and ponderous roof, 
 By its own weight made stedfast and immoveable. 
 Looking tranquillity,' (Congreve) 
 
 immediately engages the attention, and by its heavy simplicity renders the highly- 
 wrought ornaments of the choir more conspicuous and admirable. 
 
 " At the termination of the nave, under the tower, is the approach to the choir; and 
 above the great arch is a window between two vacant niches richly sculptured. 
 
 " On the North and South sides are the arches which support the vaulting of the 
 transepts. Both of these are intersected at the springing by a flying arch with open 
 spandrils, each spanning the space of the tower. The brackets are figures of angels 
 with escutcheons of the Abbey, Edward II. and the munificent Abbot Sebroke, the 
 founder. 
 
 " Upon the exact point of these intersecting arches is a pillar forming an impost of 
 the great vaulted roof, which is then divided into sharp lancet arcades, and has an air 
 of incredible lightness. From this part there are five more arcades divided by clusters 
 of semi-columns, which reach from the base to the roof, and the ribs are infinitely in- 
 tersected and variegated with the most elaborate trellis-work, composed of rosettes, 
 which, although they are so thickly studded, are not repeated in a single instance. 
 
 " Over the high altar are angels in full choir, with every instrument of music prac 
 tised in the fifteenth century. This is an extremely interesting specimen, if it be 
 remembered that we have no accurate knowledge of the musical instruments of the 
 Greeks and Romans but that which may be collected from their bas-reliefs and statues. 
 Of the same aera are figures of minstrels with their different instruments placed over 
 the pillars on either side of the nave of York Cathedral, and others of ruder work- 
 manship on the outside of the church of Cirencester, Gloucestershire. 
 
 •' It is probable that the old vaulted ceiling was at first painted of a deep azure co- 
 lour, with stars of gold, and the ribs or intersectors gilded, which were condemned 
 at the reformation, and concealed by a thick wash of lime. Such have been restored at 
 Westminster by Sir Christopher Wren.
 
 246 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 " At Orvietto, Sienna, and many of the Lombard churches, roofs, both of the 
 naves and choirs, so ornamented, are still perfect. That the architecture has been re- 
 stored to its native simplicity of colour, is a circumstance of truer taste ; indeed, the 
 incongruous and accumulated decorations of churches on the Continent disturb the 
 harmony of the design by crowding so many adscititious parts, and the repose of it, by 
 masses of raw colours and gilding. The coincidence of the purity of the protestant 
 worship, with the chasteness which pervades its temples (more especially in some 
 which have been lately renovated) is a certain criterion of national good sense. 
 
 " There are thirty-one stalls of rich tabernacle- work carved in oak in either side, 
 little inferior in point of execution to the episcopal throne at Exeter, or those at 
 Windsor, erected in the reign of Edward IV. and allowed to be some of the finest 
 pieces of (iothic carving in wood now remaining in England ". 
 
 " This choir was built in the grand sera of stained glass, when it was more frequent 
 and excellent than at any other period. It was indispensably necessary to architec- 
 tural effect, according to the prevailing style, which gave to windows a dispropor- 
 tionate space. But the sombre tints reflected from them modified the light, and con- 
 tributed to blend the whole into one mass of exquisite richness; for the general effect 
 was consulted by the Gothic as well as the Grecian artists. 
 
 "At present^ the naked transparent window destroys the intended harmony, and the 
 primary idea is sadly impoverished. How this incredibly light roof was constructed 
 may puzzle modern imitators as much as Sir Christopher Wren, when he examined 
 the vault of King's College Chapel. The analogy between these roofs must be con- 
 fined solely to construction, for each has a style of ornament essentially differing from 
 the other. Certain it is, that the cross-springers are of very solid stone, and the 
 vault which they support of the toph or stalactitical stone, specifically lighter, in a 
 great degree, than the other. Chalk was used, where easily procured, as at Chichester, 
 
 "The two farthest arcades dilate about a yard from the right line, instead of forming 
 a section of a hexagon, and are connected with the great East window, which is em- 
 bowed in a slight degree, and occupies the whole space of the end of the choir. It is 
 said to be of the largest dimensions in England P; for the arch has three chief divi- 
 sions, or mullions, terminating elliptically, the middle of which includes seven tiers of 
 stained glass, now so extremely decayed and mutilated as to appear like the tissue of 
 a carpet. 
 
 • " 1 observed, when in Rome at 1796, that the high altar of the church of St. John, Lateran, had a Go- 
 thic canopy composed of rich pediments and finials in the florid style of the fourteenth century, exactly 
 like those of that date in England. It is tlie only specimen of true Gothic now remaining in Rome." 
 
 o " Milton, who was educated at St. PauVs School, acquired a veneration for the Gothic style by constantly 
 frequenting the great Cathedral in his early youth. In his " li Penseroso" we have almost as exact a de- 
 scription of that majestic pile as that given by Sir William Dugdale. The cloisteis, " the high embowed 
 roof of the choir," the " massy proof pillars of the nave, which was in the Saxon style," and " the storied 
 windows richly dight," are particularized by both." 
 
 P " The glass occupies a space of 78 feet 10 inches by 35 feet 6 inches." 
 
 "Our
 
 AKMORJAI. PAVTEMEMT in l.he CATHjEjDRAL jut GLOUCESTER.
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 247 
 
 " Our Lady's Chapel beyond is more modern, but a continuation of the same plan. 
 The interior is uncommonly elegant, though it loses much effect by concealing the 
 altar of the finest tabernacle-work, which was covered over some years ago by a raw 
 white stucco, representing a radiation. The ancient reredoss and high altar did not 
 obstruct the view. Such a specimen of exuberant foliage anterior to the reign of Henry 
 VH. as these roofs display, is unique; particularly in contrast with the other parts of 
 the church. It is evident, that Bishop Aldred's fabric consisted of dimensions as ex- 
 tensive as the present, of which the vast substructions, still retaining many members of 
 Saxon ornament, afford a sufficient proof. The heavy tower ^ at the West end was 
 taken down in the reign of Edward HL when Abbot Horton's addition and accom- 
 niodation of the nave, in its whole roof, to theCiothic style, were made. The passages 
 and oratories by which the choir is surrounded are all of Saxon, or, at least, of early 
 Norman architecture. It is constructed within them ; the side walls and low circular 
 pillars having been reduced, and the whole lined with facings of elegant pannels. These 
 are placed within arcades of semi-mullions, resembling windows, which are open to 
 the choir from the galleries before-mentioned. During the grand ceremonies of the 
 church the females of superior rank surveyed them from above. 
 
 "In the pavement before the high altar, we may notice a singular curiosity, being 
 entirely composed of painted bricks, which were prepared for the kiln by the more in- 
 genious Monks, who have discovered accuracy in the penciling of the armorial bearings, 
 and fancy in the scrolls and rebuses, which are the usual subjects. Most of these re- 
 peat the devices of Edward II. of the Clares and De Spencers, Earls of Gloucester, 
 and Abbot Sebroko '. [.See Specbnens, in the Plates.^ 
 
 " Lord Bacon mentions the whispering gallery as remarkable. It is a narrow pas- 
 sage, formed by five parts of an octagon, and is twenty-five yards in extent. On the 
 outside it appears to have been a second thought for the purpose of communication. 
 
 " With the variety and magnificence of ancient decorations, as well architectural as 
 sepulchral, the antiquary will be much gratified. But the man of taste must regret, 
 that the good Bishop Benson, distinguished by Pope for his ' manners and candour,' 
 should have wasted his munificence upon ill-conceived and unappropriate ornaments, 
 upon works which are neither Ciothic nor Chinese*. Kent, who was praised in his 
 day for what he little understood, designed the screen." [It is to be removed. E.] 
 
 Taken altogether, the lover of Ecclesiastical Gothic will consider Windsor as " the 
 beauty of holiness;" and of sublimity will seek no more admirable specimen than the 
 " Choir of Ciloucester." 
 
 Bishop Nicolson has represented Abel Wantner, who made collections for the 
 county', as meddling " witli things beyond his sphere." This is undoubtedly true; 
 
 S " This Wcbtern toutr vmis rebuilt duiing the abbacy oF Jolin de Felda W>0, which liad fallen in 1116. 
 Florence, the liistorie Monk of Wdrccster, in his .Annals, gives the date of the building of ihe [nvseiit nave 
 1058, and of its dedication llOd." 
 
 . >■ '■ Carter (Anticnt Sculpture and Painting, vol. 1.) h:is given a coloured etching of this pavement." 
 • Originally published in Mr. Dallaway's " Heraldic Inquiries," 4to, 1*93. ' MS. in the Bodleian. 
 
 for
 
 248 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 for he places Ariconium at Gloucester, and the following description of the Cathedral 
 by him, in which he calls the tower Minster, and mentions a Tresagick roof, suffi- 
 ciently shows his unfitness for the task which he had undertaken. He does not know 
 the meaning: of the words which he uses : 
 
 " Now, although there are some Cathedrals in this kingdom more highly esteemed 
 than others in regard to the curiosities and rarities in them contained, viz. Salisbury 
 for doors, windows, and marble pillars ; York for antient monuments; and othersybr 
 their Mnsnich and Corinthian order of building! yet when all this is done there is no 
 one Cathedral in England (according to the profound judgments of several approved 
 artists who have travelled throughout this kingdom on purpose to make their inspec- 
 tions into such like matters) that can compare with Glocester Cathedral for ten things. 
 AsJ/'rst, For a library. / spake not of' books ! but for the variety of imagery and carved 
 work. Secondly^ For a noble quadrant or cloister. Thirdly, For a lofty quire and 
 tresagick roof Four f hit/, For a spacious and curious chappell. Fifthly, For an East 
 window-frame and glass. Sixthly, For a whispering place. Seventhly, For a magni- 
 ficent tower, or lyiinster. Eighthly, For eight sweet tunable bells and chime. Ninthly, 
 For a mighty great sermon-bell, which weigheth three tun and 500lb. whose noise have 
 been heard down the river of Severn as far as Lidney, which is near fifteen miles below 
 Gloucester. Tenthly, and lastly, For a sweet and costly organ, whose sound haih been 
 heard as far as the Vineyard Hill beyond Over's Bridge, which is above a mile." 
 
 Of this tasteless account nothing need be said : the ideas are those of a mere parish- 
 clerk. 
 
 PRINCIPAL MEMORABILIA. 
 
 Lady Chapel, and Transepts. — " On account of viewing the host," says Mr. 
 Green, " it became necessary, that in the largest and most frequented churches the high 
 altar should be placed in the centre of a cross ile ; so that at the elevation of the host, 
 the crowds in the transepts on each side, the women especially (who were excluded 
 from the choirs of the Monks), might have an opportunity to see and adore. This 
 conveniency was attained in some places by the addition of a new cross ile at the East 
 end of the choirs, and of a new chapel beyond it, as at Gloucester, Ely, St. Paul, &c. ■ 
 — The Lady Chapel was for the convenience of strangers and sick Monks attending 
 service"; and afterwards assigned to scholars of grammar schools. 
 
 Chapels. — Many of these are exceedingly elegant things of their kind, finely and 
 exquisitely finished in harmonious pattern. By these little additional cells the tombs 
 were displayed in fine effect, for without an altar or a tomb, tliey would look naked 
 and unfurnished. Indeed, they were intended to set off tombs. Abbot Sebroke's 
 monumental chapel is nearly perfect. 
 
 » Green's Worcester, I . .'i7. » Du Cange, v. Retrochorus. 
 
 Angels,
 
 T H E C A T H E D R A L. 249 
 
 Angels, with musical instruments, on the vault of the choir. — Tlie choir was in- 
 tended to represent the innermost heaven, and from the Apocalypse the idea of this 
 Seraphic concert was taken. But if the conceit of the artist, who restored an ancient 
 Apollo by placing an arm with a fiddle to his shoulder, was puerile, all that can be 
 said in defence of this, is, that the objects are so small as not to intrude upon the 
 general character. 
 
 PilgrinCs door (as denominated). — "This is an exceedingly elegant and singularly 
 constructed door -way (now stopped up) in the South transejjt. The arch of the open- 
 ing, in its head, has four turns concentered by a flower. Above the head is an ogee 
 architrave rising from small columns, which columns bend forward, on each hand, 
 forming open arms, or fences, on each side of the steps to the door-way. On these 
 arms recline statues (angels) acting as guardians to the door-way; the attitudes are well 
 conceived, and pleasingly varied, and the draperies such as were worn by the eccle- 
 siasticks of the time this performance was perfected." Thus the Antiquarian Society's 
 account : but it does not notice the high merit of these figures. It is rare for the sta- 
 tuary of the middle age to assimilate the grace and expression of classical sculpture : 
 yet Guido, the great painter of angels, would not have disdained the celestial ease 
 and sweetness of these fine figures. The countenances even breathe of divine aspira- 
 tion ; the contour is youthfully round, without muscle; and the drapery falls in the 
 most tasteful folds. It has been called the Door by which the Pilgrims entered to 
 the Shrine of Edward ; but it may have been the door by which penitents retired 
 after confession, for over such doors angels were efligiated. On each side of the com- 
 munion-table in the church of Crewkerne, co. Somerset, is a door leading into a small 
 room, which was formerly a confessional. The virtues and advantages of confession 
 are not improperly expressed by some figures over the doors, which lead into this 
 apartment. That by which the penitents entered has two swine carved over it, to sig- 
 nify their pollution ; over that by which they returned are two angels, to represent 
 their purity and innocence f. 
 
 Monstrous heads on the arches of the nave. — These were intended to represent the 
 mummeries of the Anglo-Saxon Cileemen. At Kilpeck church, in Herefordshire, is a 
 whole frieze of them, full as curious as that engraved by Grose. That this fashion 
 continued to a late period appears from the figures of the morris dance being sculp- 
 tured at Cirencester church. 
 
 Allars. — In the chapels near the whispering gallery are two very rare things, — an 
 altar complete, and anotiier nearly so. The table still retains three of the i\\c indented 
 crosses usual on such tables^. 
 
 Ancient Painting. — The Antiquarian Society's account says, — " There remains in 
 the South gallery of the choir a large and sumi)tuous picture of the Last Day, in a high 
 state of preservation, and painted in the style of the fifteenth century. It is supposed 
 
 f Collinsim's Somersetshire, II. 16^. » Antiquarian Society's account. 
 
 K K this
 
 250 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 this picture once made part of the decorations of the high altar, as the dimensions 
 agree with the original altar screen now remaining." Such are the words of Mr. Car- 
 ter, the leading author of the " Ancient Sculpture and Painting of England;" and this 
 passage, as well as the agreement in size, with an altar prior to the Reformation, is 
 more than sufficient to overthrow the strange opinion that it is of the age of Edward 
 VI. or Elizabeth, merely because the building, which seems to represent the New 
 Jerusalem, is of pretended Grecian architecture. The fact is, that it is not of Gre- 
 cian architecture. It has perforated battlements; that mixture of Grecian and Gothic, 
 adopted in Italy, which has so lately been exhibited in the Archaeologia, and origi- 
 nated in the revival of the arts during the Crusades, by the Pisans, trading to Greece, 
 and bringing back columns and other monuments of ancient Greece. From a suspi- 
 cion that it might be the offering of a Crusader at Edward's Shrine, and be brought 
 from the Holy Land, the Author desired Mr. Counsel to examine whether it accorded 
 with Dr. Clarke's description of these paintings, viz. yellow or golden ground, upon 
 sycamore wood. From Mr. Counsel's account it appears, that it was executed by an 
 Italian, in England, from the label being in the language of that country. Oil paint- 
 ing was then scarcely known here, and foreigners were our leading artists in the fif- 
 teenth century and long afterwards. " The picture of the Last Judgment (says Mr. 
 Counsel) in the whispering gallery is not painted on canvass, or on a golden or yel- 
 low ground. It is in two separate parts, or folding doors % joined in the middle, 
 each part consisting of six oak boards from ten to twelve inches wide, seven feet long, 
 and one inch thick. These boards are glued together and doicled (fastened to each 
 other by plugs, like the head of a cask), to prevent warping. That part of the picture 
 which represents the New Jerusalem has Grecian columns, supporting circular arches, 
 and surmounted with perforated battlements [i. e. the style which obtains in the Cathe- 
 dral of Pisa, and other mediaeval buildings of Italy]. Some of the angels are there 
 represented singing from a score, and others are playing on different instruments, par- 
 ticularly viols and lutes. At tlie entrance, which is through a circular arch, is stationed 
 St. Peter with a couple of keys in his hand ; in the upper part of the picture our 
 Saviour is represented in a scarlet mantle, embroidered with gold, sitting on a rainbow^ 
 with his feet resting on the globe of the earth, and having an olive branch (query 
 palm branch?) in his right hand, and a two-edged sword in his left. Underneath him 
 are two angels blowing trumpets, to which is attached a label with the following in- 
 scription in text letters, " Aryse, ye deade, and come to judgement." 
 
 Edward the Second's Monument. — '' The Monument of Edward the Second (says 
 the Account of the Antiquarian Society) has been given in detail, on account of the 
 extraordinary beauty and ingenuity of its design. It ranks among the very first of our 
 sepulchral monuments; and the delicacy of its execution is fully equal to the elegance 
 of its form. The effigy of the unfortunate monarch is, for the period, of uncommon 
 merit ; and when the splendour of the whole of this monumental edifice is considered 
 
 a So an ancient painting at Durham. 
 
 with
 
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 MFA^IIil., 'fl^Vii':aJ .|||.r-.^iM 
 
 yj*^»»l.Tr Jtrf. / vMl^ . 
 
 JEIBWAKH) THE SBCOIMFS MOKITMnHJ^X,.
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 251 
 
 with an impartial eye, it may, perhaps, be questioned, whetlier the present fashion of 
 excluding totally from our most costly tombs all architectural ornament, and making 
 them merely groups of sculpture, which have no effect at all, when viewed from a dis- 
 tance, and on a nearer approach have notliing appropriate to their sacred situation, pro- 
 duces an effect either so splendid or so characteristic as the combination of architecture 
 with sculpture, which the ancient monumental edifices, if they may be so called, pre- 
 sent." (p. 6.) 
 
 Under the plate, composing the elevation of the North side of the Monument, Mr. 
 Carter says, (p. 12), 
 
 " This exquisite monument, the work of the fourteenth century, the era when the 
 ancient arts of this kingdom h<id arrived at their zenith of perfection, is perhaps, both 
 in elegance of design, and delicacy of sculpture, the most perfect specimen remaining 
 of the monumental architecture of our ancestors. ^^See tJie Plate.^ 
 
 "The design consists of three principal stories. First, the basement or tomb part, 
 whereon the statue is laid. Second, the open screen, supporting the canopy over the 
 statue. Third, an upper open screen terminating with pinnacled canopies. In its 
 length the screen has three arches, separated by clusters of pillars and buttresses of 
 most elegant contrivance, which support the vault or canopy : and the design of the 
 ends of the monument is an exact repetition of one of the lateral compartments in every 
 particular. There is some difference in the work of the niches on each side of the 
 basement ; on the South side there are three niches, while on the North side there are 
 but two, the centre division being filled up by an octangular bracket, on the top of 
 which is an excavation, probably to receive the offerings made at this sacred memorial. 
 
 " When it is considered how many irreligious and anti-royal hours, fraught with 
 barbarity and savage despoliation, have passed since the erection of this noble tomb, 
 astonishment is excited that in our day it still exists so little havocked and so venerated *•. 
 
 " The sculpture of the statue is excellent, an<l probably equal to any thing of tJiat 
 period. The attitude is full of repose and dignity. In the right hand the sceptre, in 
 the left the mundus, or ball. On the head the crown supported by angels, at the feet 
 a lion. The dress is a plain tunic reaching to the feet, with an open mantle over it. 
 The statue has suffered little; the bottom of the sceptre is broken; the cross on the 
 mundus destroyed; the rays of the crown mutilated'^; and by the small cavities in the 
 
 •> Geometrical cunslnict'ion of the Monument. 
 
 First Story. At the four angles iire the triani^ular clusters of buttresses of the first ilcgree, and within 
 them are the buttresses of the second degree. The three niches on the South, and the two on the North 
 side, with the excavated bracket, appear. The diagonals of the groined \ault of the canopy do not run in 
 equal di\isions. The reason of this seeming irregularity is, that the space between each cluster of bullrcsses 
 is not twice as great as the brcailth oftlie cluster itself. 
 
 Second Story. In the area between the buttresses is laid the statue of the King. 
 
 Third Story. The buttresses still keep their general positions, though reduced in a certain degrep, with 
 an accumiilation of additional buttresses internally, forming together (juadrangular clusters, with a single 
 buttress, dctaclicd from tlicin at each angle, and each grand division of the sides. 
 
 <= These were probably the ra\ages committed in the Civil War, because applxctiblc to the insignia of 
 royalty. F. circlet
 
 252 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 circlet jewels must once have been stuck there. In the front view of the face we may 
 fancy, that indications of pain about the forehead are discernible. It was probably 
 copied from a cast (wax) of the deceased, after the countenance had been composed, 
 yet not so effectually as to do away all trace of the horrid torments he had endured. 
 The view of the profile of the head is beautiful ; in the lines benign and placid." p. 12. 
 
 [Thus Mr. Carter's account. Much assimilation of this monument in style to that 
 of Despencer at Tewksbury, has not been noticed ; however they may dift'tr in details, 
 both have fine Greek delicacy of manner. F.] 
 
 Mr. J. C. Buckler says, " that for beauty of design and execution, it has perhaps 
 only one rival, in the Percy monument at Beverley." This grand memorial of an un- 
 fortunate monarch was erected by Edward III. The effigy of the King attracted the 
 admiration of Rysbrack. The elegant canopy is modern, and not strictly copied from 
 the old one, which may be seen in Sandford's Genealogical History. The white stags 
 are the family badges, borne afterwards by Richard the Second •*. The representation 
 of them has given rise to a vulgar tradition, that the King was conveyed to interment 
 in a chariot drawn by stags ; which is disproved by Mr. Smyth's account, before 
 given. However, as there is always some ground for tradition, it does appear, that 
 the late Earl of Orford was not the first who used a carriage drawn by stags. In 
 Drayton's Second Nymphal, Cleon offers Lyrope a chariot, and adds, 
 
 " In which along the pleasant lawn. 
 With twelve white stags, fhou shall be drawn." 
 
 The following excellent account of this fine monument, though anonymous, is too 
 much in the style of Mr. Dallaway, not to be ascribed to him : 
 
 " [The royal Monumental Effigies] of bronze or latten gilt are in every respect su- 
 perior, as works of art, with the single exception of the recumbent statue of Edward 
 II. on his tomb at Gloucester, which was erected by his illustrious son, about the year 
 1334, the precise date of that of John of Eltham, in Westminster Abbey, which is 
 nearly similar in material and plan. Artists had been procured from Italy, by Ware, 
 Abbot of Westminster, in the reign of Edward I., to some of whom the two last men- 
 tioned may be fairly attributed. Pietro Cavallini was a painter, and it is improbable 
 that he established a school of sculpture in England. The canopy, composed of a series 
 of tabernacle work, rising to a pyramid, nearly resembles those of the monuments of 
 the Scaligeri, Lords of Verona, now remaining in an open street of that city, of the 
 same age. This canopy is similar to that erected for Charles V. of France, and Jane de 
 Bourbon, in the Cathedral of St. Dennis, about I380. Le Noir designates this kind of 
 ornament by the word " Couronnement."* 
 
 Effigy of Robert Curtkose, Duke of Normandt/. — He was originally interred in the 
 middle of the choir, opposite the high altar, with a stone over him, marked with a 
 cross. Above the stone was this effigy, the materials of which (Irish oak) bespeak its 
 
 <1 Cough's Sepulchr. Monuin. I. p. 92. « Gentleman's Magazine, Apr. 1818, p. 299. 
 
 f Sepulchral Monuments, I. 93. 
 
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 THE CATHEDRAL. 253 
 
 high antiquity. ^See the Plate.^ Mr. Gough thinks that it may be the second oldest 
 instance of the kind carved in wood '^. The coronet is composed of pearls, fleurs-de- 
 lis, and strawberry leaves alternately, which is a mixture of those of princes of the 
 blood in France, and ancient dukes s. There is no crest, shield, or helmet. The 
 surtout is Norman, as is the chainniail, and wheel spur. The buff' breeches outside 
 are anomalous, and probably intended to identify the figure, in allusion to the term 
 curt hose or short hose ; hose antiently signifying stockings and breeches united, mo- 
 dern pantaloons. Buff leather was sometimes an aid to, sometimes a substitute for, 
 iron armour. The sword belts, the hilt, and girdle, may be found in the Anglo- 
 Saxon aera. There is much expression in the figure, and spirit in the countenance; 
 but, as effigies on tombs were not portraits till after the thirteenth century, and 
 there is every reason to think that this is of the twelfth ••, possibly Vertue was mis- 
 taken when he copied this face as a likeness of the impetuous and unfortunate Prince. 
 The arms on the base have such a fantastical aspect, that the following account, by 
 Mr. Gough, is to be received with distrust. The escutcheons on the slab are, he says, 
 "The Confessor's arms: Gules, a lion rampant. Or; wings, Or; three birds flying, per 
 pale, Or; and a spread-eagle. Sable, beaked Gules; impaling Gules, three fleurs-de-lis. 
 Or. At the head an escarbuncle ; the shield at the feet broken off." Sandford says 
 this last was the arms of France and England, quarterly, which shews the escutcheon 
 to have been painted since the reign of Henry the Fourth'. In 1641 the Common- 
 wealth ruffians broke the figure to pieces. Sir Humphrey Tracy, of Stanway, bought 
 these, and at the Restoration repaired and beautified the tomb''. 
 
 The following monuments, though of less historical import, are of consequence 
 various according to the accounts annexed. 
 
 Bishop Goldsborough's Monument. — [^See the Plate.~\ The painted effigy '\s \n 
 bad taste, Adam Smith says', (though his argument is souYid only as to effect), " It 
 is not the want of colouring which hinders many things from pleasing in statuary 
 which please in painting; it is the want of that degree of disparity between the imi- 
 tating and the imitated object which is necessary, in order to render interesting the 
 imitation of an object which is itself not interesting. It is the impossibility of ma- 
 naging the light and shade according to life. Colouring, when added to statuary, so 
 far from increasing destroys almost entirely the pleasure which we receive from the 
 imitation, because it takes away the great source of that pleasure, the disparity between 
 the imitating and imitated object. That one soHd and coloured object should exactly 
 resemble another solid and coloured object, seems to be a matter of no great wonder 
 or admiration. A painted statue, however excellently done, seems to want some- 
 thing. Though it should seem to want scarce any thing but the life, we could not 
 
 g Seidell's Titles of Honour, p. ii. c. iii. sect. 2, 6. 
 
 h Godgh's Sepulchral Monuments, Introduction, vol. I. p. 97- ' ih'id. pp 19, 20. 
 
 k Sir R. Alkyns. The figure is engraved in Sandford. Of the arms, see Sect. Minor Details. 
 ' Essays, p. 140. On this tomb we see the scarlet rochet, afterwards superseded by one of black satin. 
 
 pardoa
 
 254 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 pardon it for thus wanting what it is altogether impossible it should have." The fact 
 is, that, through the strong relief of statues, the shades do not fall into the resem- 
 blance of life, as in paintings. 
 
 Mrs. Morleys Monument. — This is a fine specimen of modern sculpture, and is 
 justly admirefl. Sarah, the Lady of James Morley, Esq. of Bombay, and daughter 
 of James Richardson, Esq. of Newent, (where the family still exists in high respec- 
 tability) was the mother of seven children. Their health and education requiring 
 removal to England, she accompanied them; but, after sustaining labour pains at 
 sea, died soon after, in May I784, at the early age of 29. Whoever knows what a 
 refined elegant woman suffers in a long voyage, from the most distressing inconve- 
 niences, will feel more for Mrs. Morley's fate than persons who barely judge from 
 the event which probably medical aid would have averted, had she been in England. 
 The design is striking and impressive. She appears standing on the sea, with an infant 
 in her arms, while three angels are taking charge of her, in order to convey her and 
 her infant to heaven. The sculpture is in general good, but the figure wants the 
 Grecian roundness of contour to have the best effect. 
 
 Jones's Monument. — Among Mr. Bigland's papers is the following memorandum, 
 probably an extract from Wantner's MSS. in the Bodleian Library : " On the right 
 hand [of] the great West door, (at the lower end of the church,) stands the fair demi- 
 effigies monument of Mr. John Jones, who was three times mayor of this city, and 
 burgess of parliament for this city at the time of the gunpowder treason, and regis- 
 trar to eight succeeding bishops of this diocese, of whom this following discourse is 
 very credibly rej)orted : viz. That when his monument was almost finished, he came 
 to see it, when, finding some small fault with tiie over redness of his face, he desired 
 the workmen to alter it, whilst he took a turn or two in the body of the church, 
 which was soon done, and he was desired to come and see it, who told tlie workmen 
 that it was very well, and withal asked the master whether the monument was 
 finished, who acquainted him that it was; to which Mr. J(mes replied, and so have 
 I too almost; and thereupon gave the workmen some monies to drink, and desired 
 the master to goe along with him home and receive his monies for the monument, 
 which accordingly he did, which was upon the Saturday, and on the Monday follow- 
 ing he died." 
 
 The printed accounts suspect that his monument was executed during life, because 
 there is no date of his decease upon it; thougli it is on the gravestone on the floor. 
 \_See the Plate.'] 
 
 Gower's Monument. — On one side of the steps, going round to the choir, is a cu- 
 rious shelf-monument for John Gower, the workman who finished the Gothic work 
 of the church. The monument erected for him is an excellent piece of workman- 
 ship. The figure of the Old Man has a budget of masonry tools before him, whilst 
 he supports the monument, the top of which forn;s a mason's square. Under the top 
 is the figure of his son, shewing the different orders of the Gothic. Mr. Carter says, 
 Ihe figure of the father is below, as suj)porting, or having constructed, the base- 
 ment;
 
 
 
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 FP 
 
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 C 
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 ^^
 
 Arc'iiwuieni. la Glocetter Cathedral.
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 
 
 255 
 
 ment ; and above, is the figure of the son hanging to groin work, as being the 
 finisher or decorator of this part of the church "." 
 
 Osr'ick's Monument : date 6'00. — The present monument is in the style of the de- 
 corations of the choir (1457), ^"d was probably done at the same time as were the 
 screens that are before Edward H. and Abbot Parker's tomb". [.See the Title-page.^ 
 
 Bohiins Monument. — Ascribed to Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford ; but not 
 his". [See the Plate.] 
 
 BlackleacJis Monument. — In the Cathedral at Gloucester, (says the same elegant 
 writer? on Sculpture in England as applied to Tombs, before referred to,) is the tomb 
 of Alderman Blackleach and his wife, in white marble, upon a slab of touch-stone, 
 the figures of which are portraits, scrupulously copied from Vandyck, and very finely 
 finished. \_See t/ie Plate.] This author thinks this tomb to be either the work of 
 Le Sueur, well known for the equestrian statue of Charles I. at Charing Cross, or 
 Fanelli, a sculptor equally eminent. 
 
 MINOR DETAILS. 
 
 Choir. 
 
 Over the Bishop's seat is written, 
 EDEL DUX 
 ELDADVS EPS GLOUC. 
 ELDO MAIOR 
 A. : 490. 
 
 The Mayor's seat was formerly the Archdeacon's. 
 
 The East window was put up in tlie time of Ed- 
 ward III. and cost ^.139. 18s. at Is. tlie square foot. 
 Daltdwaij. — Among tlie figures in stained glass are 
 Edwards II. and III. [See Plate XXX!. of Mr. Ly- 
 sons's Etchings.] Abbots Serlo and Horton ; and 
 there are escutcheons of Edward II. Edward III. 
 France and England, De Brotherton, Berkeley, 
 Beauchamp, De Newburgh, De la Riviere, Brad- 
 stone, Clare, Do Bohun. Now, or not long since, 
 fiavs Kurney, the following arms remained in it, but 
 not appropriated : 
 
 1. Gules, a chevron linnine, between ten cr. pat. 
 Argent. Berkeley, nf Stoke. 
 
 2. Gules, a lion ramjiant Or. Berwash, Boone, 
 De Albany, h'urlh. Gray, Lincolric, De Meickiites, 
 and otlnrs. 
 
 3. Quarterly, 1 and 4, Gules, a bend Or and Ar- 
 gent ; 1 and 3, Azure, five diamonds Or. Query for 
 Percy 9 but the blazonry is imperfect, as it is not said 
 in pale, in fe=s, or bend, or what. 
 
 4. Gules, a chevron between ten cross crosslets 
 Or. Kyme, Holhroake. 
 
 5. Gules, 'a fess between six cross crosslets Or. 
 Beauchamp. 
 
 6. Azure, on a chief two mullets. Or. — ^Two mul- 
 lets on a chief are the arms of Lane ; pierced Or, St. 
 John ; with a label, Chaluner. 
 
 J. IMontacute. 
 
 8. Earl of Clare. 
 
 9. Eai 1 of 0.\ford. 
 
 10. Argent, six crosses fitchde on a chief between 
 U\\> nuillcts Or. Argent, six crosses fitchdc Sable, 
 on a chief Azure two mullets Or, belongs to the 
 Clintons, Earls of Lincoln, &c. 
 
 11. Mortimer. 
 
 12. I'diry Guh'S and Or. Ferrars, Belyre, Stc 
 
 13. Frctly, impaU'd ivith England for 
 
 Pretty is borne by Illamonster, &c. &c. 
 
 In a little chapel on the South side, on the bricks, 
 are these arms ; — 
 
 '" Plans, elevations, &c. published by the Antiquarian Society, p. S. 
 
 u Engraved also in Gough's Sejjulcliral Monuments, vol. I. PI. LXV. p. 195. 
 
 V Mr. Dallaway in Gent. Mag. June, 1818, p. 492. 
 
 •> Idem. 
 
 1. j1 chevron
 
 256 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 1. A chevron charged with a rose flower and two 
 lilies hettueen five trees, 1 and 3. 
 
 1. A Fret. It is ini])ossible to identify this coat 
 by such imperfect blazonry. A fret was borne by De 
 Montier, Blaiie, Blamester, Mandeville, &c. &c. &c. 
 
 3. Clare, Earl of Gloucester. 
 
 4. Within a bordure charged with two roundlets a 
 lion rampant. — I apprehend, that the proper bla- 
 zonry of this coat is, Argent, a Hon rampant Gules 
 within a bordure bezant<5e, Ptanlagenet. The same 
 Plantagenet, I presume, as the natural brother of 
 King Henry 111. But a lion ram])ant within a bor- 
 dure scmee of roundlets, belongs to f/ra/e;/ and other's. 
 
 5. A fess between six cross crosslets 3,2, 1. Beau- 
 champ. 
 
 This attempt to identify the several coats of arms 
 is made in order to shew the various contributors 
 to the erection of this window, &c. for otherwise 
 their arms would not have been there ; but that it 
 is very unsatisfactory is plain. Indeed, branches of 
 the same families so varied the tinctures, and altered 
 the subordinate ordinaries, and others so illicitly as- 
 sumed arms, that mere knowledge of the coats borne 
 by certain persons is insufficient for such ancient 
 enquiries, though generally adequate to escutcheons 
 on (he pannels of carriages, or modern seals. 
 
 Had these arms existed in Mr. Bigland's time, no 
 recourse would have been had to such imperfect 
 accounts. But his MSS. contained only the follow- 
 ing eight coats (unappropriated) in pen and ink 
 sketches : 
 
 1. Berkeley. 
 
 2. A fess wavy. 
 
 3. Azure, a lion rampant Or, debruised by a bend 
 compon. Argent and Gules. — A lion lanipant de- 
 bruised by a bend, were the arms of Branch (tinc- 
 tures being often assumed for difference) ; the above 
 coat seems to refer to Abbot Branche, though a similar 
 coat was borne by Anierne, Gerard, &c. Abbot 
 Branche, therefore, had probably a concern in new 
 glazing, or repairing this window. 
 
 4. Berkeley. 
 
 5. Ouarterly, 1 and 4 broken; 2 and 3, Gules, a 
 fret Or. AudUy. [E.irl of Gloucester.] 
 
 6. Broken below. — On a chief Azure two mullets 
 pierced Or. St. John. 
 
 7 3 lozenges in fess 
 
 8. Twice repeated. Quarterly, blank. On the 
 North side, even with the rails of the altar, is an 
 effigy (fanciful) of King Osric, crowned, the pre- 
 sumed founder ; and against the wall is written, 
 
 Osricus Rex, primus fundalor hujus Monastcrii, 681. 
 [i.e. KingOsi'ic, first founderof this Monastery, 681.] 
 
 On the South side is a sAe//" monument for Bishop 
 Aldred, with his effigy. 
 
 This shelf monument, according to Mr. Gough 
 (Sepulchral Monuments, Introduction, I. 88.) is 
 good authority for supposing him founder of the 
 church. 
 
 Edward the Second's Monument. 
 
 Mr. Bigland's MSS. have the following arms " on 
 the iron rails" tricked in pen and ink, but unappro- 
 priated : 
 
 1. Gules, three lions ))assantgardant Or. England. 
 
 2. Gules, England within a bordure engrailed 
 Argent, Holland, Earl of Kent; Thomas of Wood- 
 stock, Duke of Gloucester ; Humphrey, Duke of 
 Gloucester. 
 
 3. On a blank shield in the nombril point a heart, 
 Query the old arms of Douglas? 
 
 Hoc fundaloris monumentum , situ tetustatis defor- 
 vintum, inslaurari curaverunt Prcepos. et Soc. Coll. 
 Oriel, Oxon. A. D. 1737. 
 
 [This monument of their founder, damaged by 
 age, the Provost and Fellows of Oriel College, Ox- 
 foid, caused to be repaired A. D. 1/37] 
 
 In a winddw opposite to Edward's tomb are, or 
 were, the letters VV. P. A. [presumed to refer to 
 William Parker, Abbot, by the Author of this work] 
 in stained glass, repeated ; also remains of mitred 
 figures, with S. T. Cant, for Thomas ii Btcket, and 
 E. R. Edwardus Rex. 
 
 In the Chapel, where are the effigies of Robert 
 Curthose, Mr. Bigland's MSS. have the following 
 arms tricked, but unappropriated, as the rest : 
 
 1. Argent, a cross Gules. St. George, Patron 
 Saint of England. 
 
 2. Gules, 7 h)zenges Or pierced of the field. Guise 
 [From Hub. de Burgh.] 
 
 3. Quarterly, per fess indented Argent and Azure. 
 Acton, the ancient family of Iron Acton. [Laiigley 
 of Siddinglon, De la Mere of Minchin Hampton, 
 &c. &c. bore the same rirdinary with different tinc- 
 tures.] 
 
 4. Ari:!;ent, a stag's head cabossed Gules. Tryc. 
 
 5. Gules, a fess cheeky Or and Azure. H'hittington. 
 C. Sable, a cross flory Or, within aborder engrailed 
 
 of the second. Cooksey,s,lias,GreviUe, Lassels, Lye, &c. 
 
 7. Or,
 
 THE CATHEDHAL. 
 
 257 
 
 7. Or, between two bendlet-i Gules in the dexter 
 chief [Kjiiit an escutcheon Sable. Tracy. 
 
 8. Diagram of the Trinity, Argent. 
 
 i>. Or, a chevron Gules. Slnjfonl, Earl of SUiffurd, 
 temp. H. y. 
 
 10. Sable, a sword in pale, hilled, pommeled and 
 crowned Or, surmounted by two keys in saltire of 
 the last. Abbey of Gloucester. 
 
 11. Gules, two swords in raltire, points down- 
 wards, pommeled and hiked Or, bladed Argent. 
 
 12. Azure, three crowns Or. 
 
 13. jQuarteily, l and 3, England; 'Z and 4, Or, a 
 cross Azure for Bohuii. Shelton also bears Or, a 
 cross Azure. 
 
 14. Argent, three lozenges in fess Gules. Mon- 
 tacute Earl of Salisbury. 
 
 15. Azure, two bars within a border Argent. 
 
 16. Argent, a cross Gules. St. George, as before. 
 
 17. Gules, on a chevron three bars gem. [S.] 
 Throckmorton. 
 
 IS. ISerkeley, of Stoke. 
 
 19. Gules, a fess between six birds Ar- 
 gent. — If martlets, Beauchampe, Blomet, Blount, 
 Bruin, Croker, Fenweeke, Fitzwarren. 
 
 20. Quarterly, I and 4, Azure only ; 2 and 3, 
 Gules, fretty Or ; over all a bend Sable. Le Despenscr. 
 
 21. Quarterly, France and England. 
 
 22. Edward the Confessor. 
 
 23. Gules, three covered cup.s, Or. Bolder. 
 
 24. 1. Argent, on a chief Gules, a rose Or, im- 
 paling 2, blank. 
 
 25. Argent, a fess Sable, in chief three pellets. 
 Lan^ley. 
 
 26. England. 
 
 27. Argent, 3 fixen's heads caboshed Sable. ()x- 
 cliffe, JValilron, Walrond, La Vache, Jones. 
 
 2S. Azure, within a double trcssure flory coun- 
 terflory. Gules, an eagle dibi)layed Argent. 
 
 29. Azure, a chevron Gules between 3 griflRns' 
 heads erased Or. Case, Gardiner, &c. The figure 
 of the head is so imperfectly drawn, that it can only 
 be said, it most resembles a griffin"s. 
 
 30. Per fess indented Argent and Azure. See No 3. 
 
 31. Brydges [Lord Chandos] in canton a pome- 
 granate Gules. Query Brydges of I'rinknash '1 r 
 
 On the Eastern side of Robert Curthosc's monu- 
 ment is the following fanciful coat. Partie per pale 
 a cross fleury Or ; on the dexter side in chief one 
 
 1 The pomegranate, assumed from Katharine Queen o 
 Prink nash. 
 
 L L 
 
 spoke of an escaibuncle ; on the sinister a cresset 
 in flames proper. Perhaps this is punning heraldry ; 
 the cross referring to the Crusade ; the escarbuncle, 
 or sceptre, crowned with a fleur de lis, to the Duke- 
 dom of Normandy; and the cresset to the attempt 
 to excite insurrection in England. Perhajjs it is a 
 foreign coat, for it is quite unlike English heraldry. 
 
 The Presbytery or Chancel is entered by a flight 
 of steps, and the altar is raised three steps higher. 
 The pavement consists of painted bricks, orna- 
 mented with the arms of Edward II. France and 
 England, Clare, Biauchamp, Sebroke, and Bianch, 
 frequently repeated. Many others have been lately 
 brought from the chapels and different parts of the 
 ChHrch, and disposed in their present order by Sa- 
 muel Lysons, Esq. 
 
 The original Altar was painted in fresco, and re- 
 presented damask, with pedestals, upon which stood 
 the silver images. A discordant screen of Wood was 
 removed in ISO", and a neat stone altar substituted, 
 by means of Dr. Luxmore, then Dean, now Bishop 
 of St. Asaph. 
 
 On the South side of the Aliar are four Subsellia 
 (or stalls for the officiating ministers), the canopies 
 of which have a fine entablature of intagliated 
 tracery. Upon the aichitrave is carved a wand, 
 entwined with a riliaiid, and at each end T. O. [If 
 it had been I. O. the initials might be thought to 
 denote John Osborne, the Town Monk, who repaired 
 the Ram Inn, as the architect of this work.] Above 
 this the tabernacle work is continued with several 
 lancet apertures, through which the relicks were 
 formerly exhibited. — Dallaway. — [.Sec Plate LIII. 
 of Mr. Lysons' s i'.tchings.~\ 
 
 On both sides are thirty-one Stalls, lichly cano- 
 pied, with seats of grotesque sculpture, which move 
 up and dou 11 for sitting, oi' standing in an inclining 
 po.iition, according to the ancient constniction, 
 necessary for the religions duties of the Monks. 
 They are carved with various devices, among which 
 are ])arlicularized t«o knights playing at dice, a 
 knight ruiming a tilt, a forester killing a stag, and 
 a knight cutting off the head of a giant. [These 
 devices much resemble the ivory bas-reliefs, upon 
 subjects of Chivalry, imblished by Lcvcsqiic in the 
 
 f Henry VIII. occurs frequently in the stained glatt at 
 
 " Memoires
 
 258 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 "Memoires de TAcadem. des Insciipt." torn. XVIII. 
 They seem to be taken from j)opular romance. F.] 
 
 The Tower stands immediately over the middle of 
 the Choir, supported at the four angles by strong 
 pillars : and other architectural aids of high skill 
 and effect. In the centre of the Tower is ihe 
 Star-hole, for letting down the bells when they 
 need repairs ; but, as it is smaller than the Great 
 Bell, the sera of that is prior to the erection of the 
 Vault. 
 
 Over the Western Arch, which rises above the 
 roof of the Nave, is contrived a Window, which 
 enlightens the higher part of the Choir, and as the 
 sun declines after noon, throws a fine light over the 
 vault. It once contained the old picture of the Tri- 
 nity, viz. God the Father represented by an old man 
 with a very long grey beard, and a nimbus, or glory, 
 about his head ; holding a crucifix between his 
 knees for God the Son ; and having a dove with 
 expanded wings under his beard, for God the Holy 
 Ghost. 
 
 Under this window are the two monkish lines, 
 intended to record the name of Robert Tully, the 
 architect of the Tower (as before noticed). 
 
 Just below the ascent into the Choir, on each side 
 of it, was a fine stone Screen, erected by one of the 
 .•\bbots : and directly opposite to the entrance of the 
 Choir was a large door, and arch over it, vvhich had 
 a Chapel and a fine Altar upon it, supported bv two 
 pillars. This was unfortunately removed for Bishop 
 Benson's absurd screen ; but, it is said, is to be 
 restored. 
 
 Round about the Choir are 12 Chapels, which 
 were dedicated to the 1'2 Apostles. 
 
 A passage leads round the Clioir from the North, 
 to the South Transept, coeval with the old building. 
 
 On each side are two Chapels or Oratories. The 
 first, on the South side, whicii befoie Bishop Ben- 
 son's Monument was put up, had a window, or was 
 open into the South Tran.sept, is now converted 
 into a Vestry-room for the Minor Canons. The next 
 Chapel towards the East has the shrine destroyed; 
 but on the pavement are, or were, bricks with the 
 arms of Clare — King of the Romans — France und 
 England — Beauchamp — A Leopard — Abbot 
 Branch — Audley, Earl of Gloucester. 
 
 The next, properly Boteler's Chapel, is on the 
 North side of the entrance into the Lady Chapel. 
 It was so called from its founder or renovator Abbot 
 Boulers, or Boteler, about 1427. It is a semi-octa- 
 gon, separated from the aisle by a light screen. The 
 shrine was erected by Johan Baptista Tyron, a Monk 
 of the Abbey, as did appear from an inscription on a 
 painted brick at the West end of the Chajiel, Kuji! 
 iKtYiaoi an Fratr. Joh'is Tyron. It consists of three 
 large niches, each between six smaller ones above 
 the other, and oxer them two turrets, containing, 
 in arcades, small whole-leno-th figures. Thus the 
 printed accounts. John Baptist Tyron was no 
 doubt a foreign architect, and no monk of the 
 Abbey, but merely stiled brother, because he had 
 letters of fraternity. According to Rudder the fol- 
 lowing inscription was over the altar : — 
 
 " Hoc Baptista Tyron Gloucestre fecit lionore; 
 
 Fac liuiic ergo frui celi sine fine decore : 
 
 Hie eti.im cultor precibus meuiorare tuurum, 
 
 Et Rex celorum semper sit tutor eorum. 
 
 Hoc Pater et flanien concordat jugiter. Amen." 
 
 "The frize is ornamented with quatrefoils and 
 escocheons in two rows ; namely, St. George. 
 
 "Sable, within a bordure Argent, Brydges, Vele, 
 Bouler's or Boteler. Azure, 3 covered cups Or. 
 Azure, a chevron Gules, 3 griffins erased Or. — 
 .Azure, an eagle displayed within a double tressure. 
 Argent, Boleyne, Montacute. Brotherton quarterly. 
 Warren, Aziu'e, 3 crowns Or Two swords in sal- 
 tire, pommelloil Or. Sable, a cross saltire in base, 
 and in chief 2 keys in saltire, and mitre Or. Ed- 
 ward the Confessor, France and England. Le De- 
 spenser. Beanchamp oiFow'wk. Berkeley of Stoke. 
 Throckmorton. Tracy. Greville. M'hHlinglon. Bols- 
 ter, a Park. Paiincefute Argent, and in ch. 3 round- 
 lets Azure. Bradstune. Boleter, Abb. Glouc. Staf- 
 ford, Diagram of the Trinity, France and England. 
 Berkeley, witliin a bordure Argent. Mill, Ermine, a 
 mill, ink Sable. Guise. Acton. Three are destroyed- 
 On the pavement arms of Boulars." This paragraph 
 is literally copied from Rudge, 29-1, because there 
 is considerable variation from the preceding account 
 of these Arms in Mr. Bigland's MSS. 
 
 Opposite the North-side entrance to the Choir, 
 over an arched door-way, upon escochcona between 
 quatrefoils, is the letter O on one side, and C on 
 the othvjr : a passage leads to St. Andrew's Chapel, 
 which is open to the North Transept. The Shrine 
 or Altar contains three large and eight smaller 
 
 niches
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 
 
 259 
 
 niches quite perfect, and of fine workmanship. Over 
 the door-case leading to the Chapter Room are 
 escoclieons beset with foliage, cherubs holding a 
 scroll, the inscription defaced with white wash. — 
 Rudge. 
 
 Just as you go up the steps towards King Ed- 
 ward's Monument, were formerly several stairs down 
 into a place called '• I'urgatoTy," where (he coffins 
 with the bodies were placed, and after so many 
 msisses were sung, they were permitted to be buried." 
 Thus the New Gloucester Guide. There certainly 
 was in Abbies a room for corpses to be deposited, 
 between decease and interment, commonly called 
 "The Dead Man's Chamber, " but it mostly adjoined 
 the Infirmary. 
 
 In making the tomb for Abbot Parker was dis- 
 covered the body of Lady Strongbow, Countess of 
 Pembroke fsicj. Also, near the place was found a 
 cross wrapped in a bull's hide. Probably it was the 
 cross used for the sepulture of Christ, thus concealed 
 at the Keformation. If so, it seems to denote the 
 spot near w hich the Paschal or mock tomb of Chris^t 
 was erected. 
 
 North Transept. 
 
 It was built about 13*0, in the fine style of that 
 jera. The roof is minutely finished, and ornamented 
 with rosettes. The Eastern side is formed by a 
 slender wall, ])ierced with pointed windows, or ajier- 
 tures, which show at diflercnt points the circular 
 arches of the antitint building. On the North side 
 is the range of Closets which formed the Vestiary 
 for the Church robes in the Monastic a;ra, strangely 
 converted into prisons for Monks. At the East end 
 of this Transept, near the door leading to the 
 Choir, was some time ago a pedestal with a large 
 image on it, and the following inscription : Orate 
 pro anima Magiatri Johannis Schelton. 
 
 South Transept 
 is of early Norman architecture; and the Author 
 saw, on the outside of it, an inscription for William 
 Pipard, Sheriff of the County in 1163. It is now 
 said to be lost ; but in 1 796 it was shown to the 
 Author by the late John Carter, F. A. S. ; and being 
 carved on the original wall may have escaped notice. 
 His name, in such a place, shows that he was either 
 the builder of this ailc or a great benefactor to it. 
 The exterior coincides with this date, though it was 
 decorated within about 1330, by Abbot Wigmore. 
 
 In the South-west angle of this Transept is the 
 door which leads up to the Tower, and the Galleries 
 which surround the Choir. In the first Gallery is 
 the painting of the Last Judgment, before men- 
 tioned. The Whispering Gallery has also been 
 spoken of. On the right side, exactly in the middle, 
 a door leads into a small Chapel with an altar-table 
 of stone, where the Abbot and others are supposed 
 to have stood during the celebration of Mass in the 
 Lady Chapel ; an opinion without any kind of foun- 
 dation. On the op|)osite wall some pious Poet, in 
 the style of Sternhold, for the Monks would have 
 written in rhyming Leonines, has written these 
 verses : 
 
 Doubt not but God, who sits on high. 
 Thy sacred prayers can hear. 
 
 When a dead wall thus cunningly 
 Conveys soft whispers to the ear. 
 
 Great Bell, Ac. 
 
 On the first floor of the Tower, directly over the 
 centre of the Choir-vault, is the Great Bell, certainly 
 put up before the vaulting of the Choir. On the 
 outside is tliis inscription: me fecit fieri mun- 
 CUTUS NOMINE pETiu ; with the arms of the Ab- 
 bey, and a coronet of four fleurs de lis over them. 
 The printed accounts refer this coronet to the Dukes 
 of Gloucester, as donors of the Bell. As it n fieri 
 fecit, not simply fecit, it was a benefaction of one 
 Muncutus, a seeming corruption, for the sake of the 
 verse, of Mons /icutus, or Mountacute, a noble fa- 
 mily, known to be great benefactors to the Abbey. 
 The words nomine Petri refer to the baptism and 
 nomination of the Bell, a process then as usual as 
 christening children. Peter, from the dedication of 
 the Church, was very properly the name of the 
 Great Bell. The fifth and sixth Bells were baptized 
 John and Mary. The second and fourth Bells are 
 also old; I he second has Sancle Petre ora pro nobis 
 [St. Peter, pray for us] ; the fourth. Sit nomen Do- 
 mini henedktum [Blessed be the name of the Lord] ; 
 the fifth, /" multis annis resonet Canipana Johannis 
 [May the Bell of John resound for many years] ; 
 the sixth, Sum Rosa pulsata niundi, Maria vocata [I 
 am the beaten Rose of the world, called Mary] 
 The other Bells are modern; t. e. since the sixteenth 
 century. 
 
 The Nave. 
 
 A rich door-way led to the Cloisters, charged 
 with a rebus shield. On the dexter side a sword 
 pendant, piercing a heart, conjoined with the wing 
 
 of
 
 260 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 of a dove in the base ; on the sinister, a jjaim- 
 branch, joined to another wing. A palm-branch is 
 the usual bearing of Confessors Ci. e. Saints who 
 never suffered martyrdom). The pahii-fcranc/i leads 
 one to Abbot Branc/i; but the arch is not of his age, 
 nor is there any other clue to it. It might be the 
 benefaction of a Palmer, or perpetual Pilgrim. 
 
 A small Chapel is now nearly filled with the tomb 
 of Black-leach. 
 
 On the North side there were places for lamps in 
 the third and fourth pillars. 
 
 Crypt. 
 " The form of this exactly corresponds with the 
 building above, the pillars of which exactly rest on 
 the centre of the pillars below, and are supported 
 by them. There is also an equal number of cha- 
 pels; and the dimensions of the whole are similar, 
 except in the trifling variation produced by the 
 greater width of the exterior walls. On one of the 
 arches is a zig-zag moulding [see Plate LIF. of Mr. 
 Lysons's Etchin^i] ; in one of the chapels is a pis- 
 cina, and a colonnade resembling that vi'hich is seen 
 over the arches in the Nave of the Cathedral," 
 Thus Archdeacon Rudge, who is certainly correct in 
 supposing that they were places adopted by devo- 
 tees, who preferred anchoretical living to the routine 
 of monastick duties in publick. " The place in 
 which (says Eadmer) he was accustomed to pray 
 was a certain cript made of decent work in the 
 Western part of the Church, which place obtained 
 the name of The Confession." De Vit. Oswaldi. 
 Angl. Sacr. 11. p. 195. But there was certainly 
 :dso a memorial intended of the first Christians 
 there celebrating worship ; for under the Cathedral 
 of St. Paul is a Church of St. Faith, where service 
 was annually performed. The learned reader may 
 consult, inter alia, Du Cange, v. Cripla. 
 
 Tradition has ascribed to certain places here a 
 place of confinement, where people were starved to 
 death ; and a prison only to be entered by creeping 
 through a very low place on the hands and knees. 
 These are ideas, taken from the Monastick Prison, 
 and unfounded. 
 
 The following Arms occur in Mr. Bigland's MSS. 
 tricked as before, but unappropriated, with the 
 simple title "In the Cathedral Church of Gloucester, 
 from MS." 
 
 1 . Three covered cups. Boteler. 
 
 2. Or, a chief indented Azure. Butler. 
 
 3. The same, impaling Gules, a fess Or between 3 
 sails of the 2d. (Uncertain). 
 
 4. Ermine, a fess Gules between 3 stags' heads ca- 
 boslied Sable. 
 
 5. Paly of 6, Or and Vert, on a bend Gules 3 
 eagles displayed Argent. Langford. 
 
 6. Argent, a fess Gules, in chief 3 martlets, and 1 
 in base of 2d. These arms, without the one in base, 
 are borne by Denton. 
 
 7. Argent, two bendlets Gules and Vert. 
 
 S. Gules, an inescutcheon between 6 martlets Ar- 
 gent. Eynfield, Chadworlh, Radham. 
 
 9. Gules, 3 escallops Argent. Archard, Chidcroft, 
 Chynedon, Holden, Kecke. 
 
 10. Azure, a fess Or between 3 leopards' faces of 
 2d. Delapoole, Pole. 
 
 11. Argent, on a canton Gule^, a rose Or, barbed 
 proper. Bradston of VVinterbourne. 
 
 12. Argent, two chevronels Gules. Fettiplace, 
 Seymour. 
 
 13. Sable, a griffin Or. Griffin, Calchech, Grif- 
 fith. 
 
 14. Per pale Argent and Gules, a lion rampant 
 Sable. Roberts. [Mr. Bigland.] 
 
 15. The same, impaling Argent, a fleur de lis Sa- 
 ble. Gayer, Lee, Leveiisholme. 
 
 16. The same, impaling Azure, a fess embattled 
 Argent between 3 cocks' heads Gules. Jephson. 
 
 17. The same, impaling Argent, a fess between 3 
 uudlets Gules. Blesby, If'etmore, Totwell. 
 
 18. Argent, on a bend Gules 3 eagles displayed 
 Or ; in the dexter corner an annulet. Abington. 
 [Mr. Bigland,] 
 
 On one of the Chapels is St. Anthony with his pig 
 and bell. 
 
 Over the door leading into the Chapel near the 
 present Chapter-house, says Furncy, is T. C. [Tho- 
 mas Cantuariensis ; and near this door was an Ora- 
 tory, not long since demolished.] 
 
 " On a little Chapel are T. O. T. O. ; but the 
 ragged stafl^, which was also upon it, is much 
 defaced." 
 
 Thus Furney. The ragged staff was the cogni- 
 zance of Grey ; but the T. O. is possibly J. O. for 
 John 0=borne, the Town Monk, under whose ar- 
 chitectural direction Grey might be founder of, or 
 chief benefactor to, this Chapel. 
 
 Exterior
 
 ■ y,u/// ^^'A//// ,/ ///////,■>/)■/( t'///ti//,i/ .
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 
 
 261 
 
 Exterior of tite Cathedral. 
 On the spandrils of the great West Door is, quar- 
 terly, France and England on one side ; on the 
 other the Arms of the Abbey. 
 
 South Porch. 
 This is a very fine building; the cieling is exqui- 
 sitely fine. Among the figures discoverable are those 
 of Christ and the Virgin Mary. On each side of the 
 door were formerly the same arms as on the Western 
 entrance ; but the Royal Arms having decayed, the 
 shield, as Archdeacon Rudge pro])erly notes, was ig- 
 
 norantly restored, with England in the first quarter, 
 instead of France. F^dward III. first bore the shield 
 seme'e tie lis; but Henry V. altered them to three, 
 because Charles VI. had so reduced the bearing. 
 (Nisbet on Armories, p. 171.) 
 
 Of the Statues on the Buttresses two are distin- 
 guishable : one at the East end has a sceptre in the 
 left hand, a church in the right, and under it a 
 charter with three seals appendant to it on his 
 breast; the other a sceptre in the right hand, in the 
 left a church, resting on his breast. Qu. if Wulpher 
 and Osric ? 
 
 Cloisfers. 
 
 " The Cloisters and the whole of the Monastic buildings were situated on the North 
 side of the Church; a disposition of which there are several instances, but never 
 adopted except from necessity. The Cloisters, erected by Walter Frowcester, are 
 generally acknowledged to be the most elegant and perfect in England. The propor- 
 tions are extremely beautiful, and the ornaments superb^ In the South Walk are the 
 remains of the ancient carrols ; their number is twenty, two in each window. These 
 were small recesses, to which the religious retired to study, each having a small opening 
 to admit light. The Lavatory, entirely perfect, is the largest and most ornamented in 
 England. It occupies several divisions of arches, and has a double lavor with holes ; 
 opposite is the Sudatory, or recesses for the towels. Of the Monastic buildings ver)^ 
 little remains in its original character. The Refectory was attached to the North side 
 of the Cloisters, extending their whole length. The original Chapter-House, now the 
 Library, is entered by an enriched door from the Cloisters. It is a large elegant roon), 
 having on either side a range of arches, and a lofty, plain, pointed roof. To the more 
 ancient work has been attached an enriched portion, forming the East end, which is 
 finely ornamented with arches groined, and has a large window." 
 
 Thus the elegant general account of the Cathedral, by Mr. J. C. Buckler. 
 
 The account of the erection of these Cloisters is thus given in the Lives of the 
 Abbots, and was extracted by Dr. Hall : 
 
 " Walterus Ffroucestre [XX Abbas] Walter Froucestre [XX Abbot] much 
 Ecclesiam edificiis tam intra quam extra enlarged the Church with edifices, both 
 multum ampliavit; et edificavit,y/2:.CIaus- within and without; and he built, viz. the 
 trum Monasterii, quod fiiit inceptum tern- Cloister of the Monastery, which was be- 
 pore Thomae Horton Abb'is, et ad hos- gun in the time of Thomas Horton the 
 tium Capituli perducturn magnis expensis, Abbot, and carried as far as the door of 
 multis annis imperfectum. Ibidem relic- the Chaj)ter at great expence, and left for 
 turn magnis expensis et sumptuosis bono- many years imj)erfect. This he honoura- 
 rific^ construxit." Queen's Colt. MS. biy built at great and heavy expence. 
 
 r See a Specimen in Plate OX. of Mr. Lysons's Etchings. 
 
 Stukeley
 
 262 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Stukeley says, "The Cloisters in this Cathedral are beautiful beyond any thing I 
 ever saw, in the style of King's College Chapel, Cambridge. Nothing could ever have 
 made me so much in love with Gothic Architecture (as called) ; and I judge, for a 
 gallery, library, or the like, it is the best manner of building, because the idea of it is 
 taken from a walk of trees, whose branching heads are curiously imitated by the roof." ' 
 This is out of the question, for it is an ancient and Oriental fashion, like the Classical 
 Porticus and Crypto-Porticus usual in hot countries. It was the place of general resi- 
 dence for the Monks out of office, when not employed in any duty ; and so inconsist- 
 ently adopted in this climate, that a common house, or room, where a fire was kept, 
 became an indispensable adjunct. In truth, Gothic Architecture being properly a style 
 of building where gorgeous ornament and a rich manner prevailed, these Cloisters may 
 be said to exhibit the Jeivelleri/ of' Architecture in perfection. 
 
 To see the Cloisters in fine effect they should be viewed through the iron gate. 
 ''One side of the Square (says Mr. Dallaway) extending 148 feet, with a window of 
 stained glass at the termination, attracts the eye immediately upon entering the Cathe- 
 dral, as the very striking perspective is admitted through an iron grate." The place 
 now occupied by the window was formerly the gate leading to the Refectory, The 
 most beautiful part is the vaulting. The figure given in the Miscellaneous Plate is a 
 pattern of one of the squares, the rest being similar. See Fig. 6. 
 
 The principal objects within the Cloisters are the carrols or writing-desks, where the 
 Missals and other books were written; and the Lavatory and Sudatory, of which before. 
 
 Oliver Cromwell made a stable of the Cloisters when on a march. 
 
 In one of the windows was a draught of the old Church, and several verses, inti- 
 mating the original of the Convent; but these were all destroyed in the civil wars. 
 When one Richard Culmer, a fierce Iconoclast, infamous for destroying the stained 
 glass in Canterbury Cathedral, was asked why in one window [the picture of our 
 Saviour] he brake down Christ and left the Devil standing, he said he "had an order 
 to take down Christ, but had no order to take down the Devil."' Something of this 
 mistaken direction seems to have taken place here ; for while the historical pictures 
 were destroyed, the blasphemous representation of the Trinity in the Choir remained 
 unhurt. 
 
 In the East Cloister, in the wall at the South end, is an old mural monument, 
 without any inscription or arms, only a cross cut on it. Unless this was originally a 
 flat stone, removed from the pavement to this situation, it is a very singular thing. 
 
 Chapter- House. 
 
 The Chapter-House, now the Library, is a fine antique room, supposed by Mr. 
 Lysons to have been built by William the Conqueror, and where he held his Parlia- 
 ments. Carter, in the Antiquarian Society's Account, says, " The West front and 
 internal side, Saxon work ; the West door-way particularly rich ; the cieling of the 
 
 » Itinerary, 1. 68. t Mercur. Public. No 4, Jan. 24—31, 1661. 
 
 house
 
 THE CATHEDRAL. 263 
 
 house a plain pointed arched head ; the Eastern end, externally and internally, in the 
 same style as is seen in the interior of the North Transept, and built probably at the 
 same period." The carving of the modern wood-work is, in its way, worth notice, as 
 a respectable specimen of an art now obsolete. The room was converted into a Library 
 in 1648, by some revolutionary officers ; and in 1656 settled upon the Mayor and 
 Burgesses. There are some very valuable works ; a copious Collection of the Fathers, 
 and Digests; and in the manuscript department a copy of Lydgate's " Troy Boke ;" 
 but only one Abbey Register out of several, the contents of which have been translated 
 by Mr. Prinn, and still remain at Charlton King's ; together with similar transcripts 
 of those of Cirencester and Lanthony, also lost. Abbot Frocester's Chronicle of the 
 Abbey is missing; and it is to be hoped that the remaining Register of Abbot Mal- 
 verne will not meet with a similar fate; for, through its minute account of the estates 
 now vested in the See and Chapter, it may, under circumstances, be very useful. 
 
 According to Leland, the following Barons were buried in this room, and their 
 names inscribed in Latin on the wail ; viz. 
 
 Roger Earl of Hereford. 
 
 Richard Strongbowe, son of Gilbert Earl of Pembroke. 
 
 Walter de Lacy. 
 
 Philip de Foye, Knt. 
 
 Bernard de Newmarch [de Novo Mercato]. 
 
 Pain de Chaworth [Paganus de Cadurcis]. 
 
 This detail is so far an important memorandum as it leads to confirmation of the 
 presumed date of this building, and the fair inference that Serlo was much obliged to 
 these Noblemen for benefactions in the course of his improvements. They could not 
 have been buried in this room before it existed. 
 
 Roger Earl of Hereford, Bernard de Newmarch, and Walter de Lacy, were con- 
 temporary with the Conqueror ", and much about his person. Therefore, when the 
 subscription was collected at Court for the building, they probably behaved hand- 
 somely, with a j)eculiar reservation as to this part of it; for it was a rule of the 
 day, like the classical ancients with their mausolea, to Jomid places of interment. 
 Richard Strongbow died in the twelfth century ; Pain de Chaworth in the thirteenth ; 
 and of Philip de Foye the Author has made no enquiry. 
 
 There are no less than three places in this Abbey which have been converted into 
 prisons (because tradition attests the existence of such an apartment) ; viz. the Crypt, 
 Vestiary, and a room of which Archdeacon Rudge very properly speaks with diffi- 
 dence, as to its appropriation. It is a room near the Chapter, to which a flight of steps 
 leads; and because it has a subterraneous aspect it has been converted into the Abbey 
 Prison. Thus all the under-ground cellars in castles, though intended for stores only, 
 are converted into dungeons ; whereas the rule was to devote one tower for this parti- 
 cular purpose, in the various stories of which the prisoners were confined, according 
 
 V Dugd. Monast. 1.319. 
 
 to-
 
 264 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 to rank, circumstances, or personal dislike. As to the present case, it is sufficient to 
 observe, that an Abbei/ Prison was underneath the Lodge of the Master of the 
 hifirmai'y, or some part of that building, for he had the custody of it, and super- 
 vision of the prisoners ". There were rooms, called Trisant'uc, connected with the 
 Chapter-business, of which this appears to be one, as well as the passage or room with 
 arcades or recesses on each side; because the Monks sat thus opposite to each other, 
 upon certain occasions, after retiring from the Chapter ''"'. Carter, in the Antiquarian 
 Society's Account, calls the passage "a Saxon avenue with columns and a plain semi- 
 circular head-way." 
 
 A small door and stair-case led to the Abbey Library, now the College School. 
 When the Author visited this room he was ushered by Mr. Evans, the learned Master, 
 into a kind of stone closet, or recess, like a bar in a coffee-room. The same thing 
 occurs at Ford Abbey, adjoining the modern Saloon, and is called The Study. It 
 seems, that before the invention of printing, when books were few and exceedingly 
 valuable, the manuscripts were here kept in custody, and delivered out to the students, 
 who sat in the outer apartment; the above study belonging to the Librarian, as at the 
 Bodleian. 
 
 The Prior, like the Lieutenant-colonel of a regiment, or the first Lieutenant of a 
 ship of war, having all the weight of business in the house, a door led from the middle 
 of the West side to his lodgings, now the Deanery. This is a range of buildings of a 
 species of architecture between the two styles of the Saxon and the Pointed mode. 
 Much of this is curious, and that part immediately adjoining to the Church is parti- 
 cularly worthy of notice. The Deanery was erected between the tenth and thirteenth 
 centuries. There was a private door-way and grand avenue to the Cloisters. In certain 
 chambers much of the interior finishings of the buildings remain. 
 
 An opening, now a window, was the original door-way into the Refectory, of which 
 there are walls remaining". It extended from the South wall of the little Cloister to 
 the North wall of the great Cloister in breadth-^. 
 
 One of these large Abbies resembled a Town. There is a second set of gloomy small 
 Cloisters, North of the present Church, and, when the New were erected, were appa- 
 rently used for exercise by the patients in the Infirmary, for such annexations were 
 usual. 
 
 Of all the once famous buildings belonging to this Abbey it appears that there 
 remain known only the InfirnKiry, the site of which is worked into a Prebendal- 
 house, and one of the Cellars of which, if preserved, may be the real Abbey Prison ; 
 the Deanery; and the House in the College Green in the occupation of Robert Smith, 
 Esq. formerly the Abbey IVorhhouse (Domus Operaria), in which a Parliament was 
 holden temp. Edward I. when the Statutes of Gloucester were passed. The Hostrey, 
 the Parlours, the Misericord, &c. are not now to be traced, further than by the 
 Author's conjecture that they occupied the sites of the Prebendal-houses, into the 
 
 u British Monachism, p. 355, new edit. *' Id. 311. 
 
 Si Antiquary Society's Account, Plate H. description. 1 Ibid. 
 
 erection
 
 ^' 
 

 
 
 1^ 
 
 FQ
 
 EPITAPHS. 265 
 
 erection of which the materials were probably worked up, for the chartered endow- 
 ments of Henry imply no preceding destruction. To this may be added neglect and 
 injury in the civil war. 
 
 The Precincts of the Cathedral were formerly bounded by a passage or lane on every 
 side ; of which the lane under the South side was granted to the Corporation in 1429, 
 and has been in part since built upon. The Green was divided by a cross-wall into 
 the Upper and Lower Church-yard ; the former of which, set apart for interment, has 
 been recently secured from desecration by iron palisades^. Suitable gates were erected 
 at the entrances; and the whole Abbey, with the Church, towering above the sur- 
 rounding buildings, all in harmonizing style, must have been a sublime object, a 
 Gothick Balbeck or Palmyra, especially as it was exhibited in contrast with the low, 
 barn-shaped dwellings of our ancestors. 
 
 EPITAPHS IN THE CATHEDRAL, CLOISTERS, AND 
 
 ADJUNCTS. 
 
 *** Of the plan adopted in the abbreviation of the epitaphs, see the Preface. 
 
 In the Ladifs Chapel. 
 
 1. In a small Chapel on the South side of our Lady's, is a plain tomb erected to the 
 memory of Thomas Fitzwilliams, Esq. &c. On a board is depicted the figure of a 
 man kneeling in the habit of a lawyer, with this sentence: Misericordias Domini in 
 aeternum cantabo. And beneath, this inscription : Thomas F'itzwilliam, late of this 
 ■cytie, Esq^ dep'ted this life the 26"' of Nove'ber, an" Do' 1579, whos bodey lyeth 
 buried under this small monument of stone. Robert Wise, late of this citye, gent. 
 (now deceased,) married with Ellenor, one of the daughters of the said Thomas Fitz- 
 williams, by whom he had 3 sonns and 3 daughters, viz. Thomas, Urian, Dennis, 
 Alles, Jane, and Margrett ; and the said Robert Wise had also by a former wife 15 
 sonns and daughters more, which in all were in number 21 sons and daughters. The 
 said Dennis Wise, one of the Aldermen of this cytie, beinge the 20"' child of his said 
 father Robert Wise, and sole survivor at this time of all the rest of his said brethren 
 and sisters, did in an" Do' 1648 repayer and amend this ancient small monument to 
 the farther continucnce of the lawedable memory of the said Thomas Fitzwilliams his 
 grandfather ; and the rather for that, the nioimment of the said Robert Wise, and the 
 said Ellenor his wife, being defaced and ruinated by the dissolving and taking downe of 
 the parish chuerch of St. Ewens without the South gate of this cytie in the late unhap- 
 pey warres and divisions of this kingdom, in which parish chuerch both the said Robert 
 and Elenor, with many more of their children and children's children, lyeth buried. 
 
 <! This and other improvemeuts confer honour upon the present Dean and Chapter, who incditnte further 
 things in excellent taste, as removal of the organ, &c. May it be respectfully suggested that the genius and 
 taste of Mr. Sauiucl Lysons would cflcct these desirable objects con amore, and in superior style ? 
 
 M M 2.
 
 266 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 2. In this Chapel was also buried under a black marble stone, William Nicholson % 
 
 Bishop of this See, to whose memory, against the wall, is placed a very handsome 
 monument, with the two following inscriptions thereon. Arms: See of Gloucester ; 
 impaling Azure, two bars Ermine, in chief three suns in their splendour Or. ^ter- 
 nitati S. In spe beatse resurrectionis hie reverendas exuvias deposuit Theologus in- 
 signis, Episcopusver^ primitivus, Gulielmus Nicolson. In agro Suffolciano natus, apud 
 Magdalenes Oxon. educatus, ob fidem regi, et ecclesiae afflictae praestitam, ad Sedem 
 Gloucestriensem merito promotus l66o. In concionibus frequens, inscriptis nervosus, 
 legenda scribens, et faciens scribenda : gravitas episcopal is in fronte emicuit; omnes 
 tamen blande et humaniter excepit, pauperibus quotidiana charitate beneficus ; comitate 
 erga clerum et literatos admirandus. Gloriae ac dierum satur, in palatio suo, ut vixit, 
 pi^ decessit Feb. v. anno Domini mdclxxi. aetatis lxxxii. Elizabetha conjux praeivit, 
 
 in hoc sacello sepulta, April xx. An: Domini mdclxiii. 3. Arms : l and 3 quarterly 
 
 Sable and Or, four escallops counterchanged; 2 and 3 Argent, a chevron Sable between 
 three birds of the second. Owenus Brigstock, de Llechdonny, in comitatu Caermar- 
 then, Armiger, prasdictae Elizabethae nepos, hoc grati animi monumentum (executore 
 
 recusante) propriis sumptibus erexit mdclxxix. 4. On a gravestone : John, his 
 
 son, Sept. 17, 166"5, set. 6'. 5. Arms : Gules, a saltire Or, impaling quarterly, Sable 
 
 and Or, three escallops counterchanged. Bridget, the wife of John Langley, esq. died 
 
 April 23, 1688. 6". iNI. S. Philippi Langley, Arm: mariti hon'inae D'nae Franc. Joh: 
 
 D*ni Vicecom' Tracye filiae natu 2dae, qui expiravit Maii 20, mdclxiii. 7. Orna- 
 
 tissimae virginis, D'na Cathar Langley, filiae coru', quae febr' correpta piam animam 
 coelo maturam exhalavit Martis 4 die, anno salutis mdclxviii. aetatis suae vicesimo 
 
 anno. S. Arms : A bunch of grapes, impaling three bars, each charged with three 
 
 Ijirds. Johannes Viney, Arm', hospitio juris numicipal', quod Medium Templum 
 
 nuncupatur assessor, obiit Mar. xiii. 1718, set. 6''). William Viney, esq. son and 
 
 lieir of John, ob. April I3, 1744, set. 53. M. Viney, Feb. 1, 1760, set. 64. 9- 
 
 Arms: An eagle displayed. H. S. I. Hvmphridvs Smith, novem fere mensium in- 
 tuntulus, filius primogenitus Hvmphridi Smith, de Kidlington, in agro Oxon. Arm. 
 ex Maria uxore ejus, filia unicaJohannis Viney, de Medio Templo, Ar. ob. xv Jan: I703. 
 
 Et Maria Smith, 3 hebdom' inf. ob. 1 April 1704. 10. In the North Chapel. 
 
 Arms: Or, three chevronels Gules, impaling quarterly, 1 and 4 a cross flory, 2 and 
 3 as before. In obitvm reverendi Prsesvlis (iodfridi, qvondam Glocestriensis Episcopi, 
 qvi 26 Maij 1604 ex hacvita migravit. Memoriae sacrvm. 
 
 Avrevs, et fvlvo nomen sortitvs ab avro, 
 
 Hac Goldisbvrgvs nvnc reqviescit hvmo. 
 
 Scilicet orta solo pretiosa metalla parente, 
 
 In matrem redevnt inveterata svam. 
 
 Sedit annos sex. See the Plate. 
 
 a William Nicholson, S. T. P. was Archdeacon of Brecknock, Vicar of Llandilo Vaur, Rector of Bishop's 
 Cleve, and afterwards Bishop of Gloucester. Browne Willis, vol. II. p. 7'25. 
 
 11.
 
 •«^ 
 
 V 
 
 Hi .
 
 EPITAPHS. 267 
 
 11. In the Lady Chapel. Alabaster monument. Arms: Within a lozenge Or, 
 
 two chevronels Vert between three roses Gules, two in chief and one in base. Ermine, 
 a fess Sable. Elizabetha loqvitvr. 
 
 Conivgis effigiem scvlpsisti in marmore conivx ; 
 
 Sic me immortalem te statvisse pvtas ; 
 Sed Christvs fverat viventi spesqve fidesqve ; 
 Sic me mortalem non sinit esse Deus. 
 •Julii 4° a" D'ni 1622, pi& ac placide ad Dominum migravit Elizabetha Williams, 
 Joannis Williams, Armigeri, conjux amantissima, doctissimi reverendis'q' in Christo 
 patris, D. D. Milonis Gloucest' Episcopi, filia natu minima, annos nata IJ. \_See the 
 
 Plate.'] 12. Opposite to the last, against the South wall, is inscribed on black 
 
 marble: Memoriae sacrvm in obitum Margeriae Clent, Jacobi Clent generosi conjugis 
 charissimse, r'diq in Christo Patris ac D'ni. \_See the Plate.] D'ni Milonis Glouces- 
 triensis Ep'i filiarum alterius, quse cursum in terris pi^ & placid^ consummavit 8° die 
 Aprilis a" D'ni 1623, aetatis suae 21. 
 
 Obsequiosa viro fuit, officiosa parenti, 
 
 Et patuit niiseris dextera corque Deo. 
 Caetera continuos virtus rediviva per annos 
 
 Claruit, ad celsum subsequiturque polum. 
 Subsequiturque infans uteri sub nocte reluctans, 
 Nee potuit lucem visere, mors vetuit. 
 On the top, arms as before, in a lozenge a chevron cottised between 3 roses slipt Argent, 
 
 leaves Vert. I3. Near tlie last was formerly depicted on an atchievement this 
 
 inscription : Tabcllam banc, quasi pignus amoris, Brigitta, conjux Civlielmi Clent, 
 nuper de hac civitate Glevensi, generosi, posuit in memoriam ejus, qui ob: 10 Oct. 
 
 1655. 14. Arms: Argent, on a fess Gules 3 roses of the first between six 
 
 birds Gules, a mullet Sable for difference. Sacrum memori;e viri admodum Reve- 
 rend! Ciulielmi Washbourne, Art: M: Eccl: Cath: Glouc' dignissimi Prebendarij, Coll: 
 Orielensis, Oxon. Socij, et ornamenti, qui, post vitam, summa cum animi erga Deum 
 pietate, Ecclesiam Anglicanam Fidemq' Catholicam constantia, amicos fidelitate, egenos 
 mineme mendicantes charitate, omnes candore, transactatn precibus magis quam mor- 
 bis laborans, genibus flexis Deo spiritum emisit, Novemb. 28", anno salutis 1675, 
 
 aetatis 6"(). Ij. Arms: Washbourne, as before, impaling Or, two bars Sable, on 
 
 the first two crosses patee fitchee, on the second one for Fell. Charissimis Cnec non 
 fraternis) iinmiscet cineres (eheii!) Theologus ver^ Christiaiius, ver<^ primitivus, Tho- 
 mas Washbourne, S, T. P. Eccl' Cath' Glouc' per annos 44 Prebendarius. Suum hoc 
 humili titulo inscribcns monumentum, jirimus peccatorum, minimus Ministrorum 
 Dei, plenus dierum, liberorum, curarum, non ita (semper enim calcavit) divitiarum. 
 Anno salutis 1687, aetatis 80. Spiritum in manus Creatoris tradidit: gloriosam in 
 
 Christo expectans resurrectionem. Ob. ()° Maij. 16. Arms : Partie per pale 
 
 Azure and (iules, three lions rampant Argent. H.S. E. Johannes Powell, Eq. aurat', 
 generosa et antiqua gente oriundus ; quae cum sedem apud Herefordienses per plurimos 
 
 an'os
 
 268 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 an'os fixisset, inde ad Glocestrienses jam olim com'igravit ; nobilitatem quam a ma- 
 joribus accepit, ipse, vita summa cum laude transacta egregi^ honestavit. Legum pa- 
 triarum consultissimus, patronus diu, postea per xxii an'os continues Collegii Judicum 
 in Foro Londinensi triplicis sodalis, integritatis illibatae, industrise indefessae, probita- 
 tis, fortitudinisqiie, et in protegendis in'ocentibus, et in puniendis reis semper conspi- 
 cuse, nee promissis nee minis unquam dimovendse famam meruit, fv vir stlitibus fisci 
 judicandis nominatus sub Gul. Ill", cal. Nov. mdcxci. fv vir stiit. Banc' Com'un' 
 judicand' sub Gul. Ill", vii cal. Nov. mdcxcv. pv. vir stlit' Banco Reg' judicand' sub 
 Reg' Anna ix cal. Julii mdccii. Vix' ann' lxviii. dies xix. Obiit xvii cal. Jul. mdccxiii, 
 Johannes Snell, Arm. testamento ex asse haeres, gratitudinis, amoris, et officii sui, mo- 
 numentum hoc, avunculo optimo, optimeq' de se merito. P. C. Nisi utile est quod 
 facimus, stulta est gloria. Underneath, on a black marble grave-stone : H. S. I. Jo- 
 hannes Powell, Miles, qui obiit 14° Junij, anno D'ni 1713, annoq' setatis suae 69, in 
 
 cujus memoria monumentum prope aedificatum est. \_See the Plate.^ 17. De- 
 
 positum Jacobi Powell, gen: extincti 2G" Novemb: an" D'ni 1645, aetat. 3I". Hie 
 inhumatur. 18. Arms: Within a lozenge fretty on a chief three mullets, im- 
 paling Powell, as before. D. Maria Huntingdon, Johan' Powell, equ', aurati, et 
 in Banco Reg' Judicis, soror adm' rev' in Xto pat' Roberti Rapotens, in Hibern' 
 
 Episcopi, vidua, ob. Dec. xxviii. an. mdccix. aet. lv. 19. Arms: Within 
 
 a lozenge a chevron. Hie jacet Francisca, Jacobi Clent, ex hac civitate, gener : 
 
 conivx altera. [Then some Latin verses.] Obiit Julii 28, 163O5 set. 24. 20. 
 
 Arms: A saltire ingrailed, impaling a lion rampant. William Clent, the son of James 
 
 Clent, of this citty, gent, died Oct. 15, I()55. 21. Arms: Within a lozenge a 
 
 lion rampant regardant. Mary Pryse, eldest daughter of Water Pryse, late of Aber- 
 
 nantbychan, in the county of Cardigan, Esq. died May 23, I757. 22. Arms: A 
 
 saltire ingrailed between three garbs or gauntlets? [A Latin eulogy], tlien — Jacobus 
 
 Clent, gen: ob. Sept. 5, 1G45. 23. Arms: Quarterly, 1 and 4 a cross fleury, on 
 
 a chief three bezantes ; 2 and 3 a chevron between three escallops, impaling, on a 
 chief indented, a crescent. Martinus Carter, de Baling, in agro Essexiensi, Armiger, 
 
 obiit Aug. 8, 1720, aet. 57. Anna Carter, ob. Dec. 18, I741. 24. Arms: A 
 
 leopard's head erased between three crescents. Daniel Nevvcome, D. D. Dean of this 
 
 Church, died March 2, I758, set. 82. 25. Exuviae hie reponuntur Eliz: F: Fran: 
 
 Baber, LL. D'''% Biennis et Bimestris, quas anima deposuit 19 Mart. 164I. 2&. 
 
 Hie jacet in spe paene triennis, obiit ad Dominvm 3 Apr: 1639, Annae F: Fran: Baber, 
 
 LL. 13""'% corpvscvlvm. 27. Arms: Within a lozenge on a chevron three etoiles. 
 
 Elizabeth, a child of Abr. Clarke, of Flaxley, Esq. born the 23 of April 1677, and died 
 
 the 12*'' of Decemb'' following. 28. Arms : Partie per pale ; 1, a bend; 2, cheeky, 
 
 on a bend three escallops ; 3, on a pale a cross fleury. Hie conditur quod reliquum 
 est Hesterae Goldisborough. [Then a Latin eulogy.] Ob. anno 1G33, Octob: aet. 80. 
 29. Francis, second son of Francis Baber, LL. D. and Elizabeth his wife, de- 
 parted this life Sep. 3, 1640, aged 22 yeares and 5 months. 30. On a free-stone: 
 
 John Browne, late Alderman of the City of Gloc: died Dec. 7, 1593- [Then some 
 
 verses.]

 
 EPITAPHS. 269 
 
 verses.] Near to him lyeth his relict, married afterwards to Bishop Goldisborough. 
 
 31. Arms: A fess nebula between three mullets pierced of the field. Deposituin 
 
 jacet hk .^gidii Gilb}'. [Then a Latin eulogy.] Obiit 26 Septembris anno D'ni 
 
 1650, aetatis 29. 32. Arms: On a chevron a mullet between three talbots' 
 
 heads erased, impaling .... on a cross .... a rose. Dorothea, uxor charissima 
 Gulielmi Hall, ^ parochiii Sancti Petri Ecclesia in comitatu Hereford, Arm. ob. Dec. 
 
 12, 1676. 33. Arms: Two lions passant gardant debruised by a bend Ermine. 
 
 Mary, the daughter of Michael Straunge, Esq. first wife of Samuel Coxwell, gent, and 
 afterwards of James Kyrele, Esq. died Aug. 13, 1645. 34. Arms: Ermine, a che- 
 vron. Eiiz: JoneSj Johannis Jones, de Oldbury, in comitatu Glouc. generosi, filia. 
 
 [Then a Latin eulogy.] Ob. Junii 14, 1698, set. 27. 35. Arms : Partie per pale, 
 
 a chevron engrailed between three goats' heads erased, impaling a saltier, cottised, or 
 surmounted by another. Thomas Dobbes, Gent, unus Ciericorum de Banco Regis, ob. 
 
 Feb. 21, 1635. [Then some Latin verses.] 3G. Arms: in a lozenge abend cheeky. 
 
 Alice, the wife of John Woodington, of London, Gent, died Aug. 11, 165I. 37. 
 
 Arms : Gules, on a bend Argent three mullets Azure. Henricus Shaftow, Gen. natus 
 in vico Brainley, com. Surria3, Denatus Gloucestriae, sepultus April I3, 1658, aet. 28. 
 
 38. M. S. Foeminas inter optimas numerandae dominae Mariae Frampton, quse 
 
 vitam sancte actam, suavissima in X'° morte consummavit Oct. 11, iGSo*^. SQ. 
 
 Anne, the daughter of Edward Gibbes, Esq. by Elizabeth his wife, daughter to Sir 
 Edward Bathurst, Knight and Baronet; died Nov. 2, 1695, aged I6 years and a half. 
 Also, Francis, their son, died Nov. 6, 1674, aged 3 years. 40. Arms : three battle- 
 axes, impaling a lion rampant. Captain Henry Gibbes, of Hatherley, in this county, 
 son of Major Edward Gibbes of this city, who married Anne, the sole daughter and 
 heiress of William Jones, of Nass, in the parish of Lidney, in the said county, Esq. 
 
 died Dec. 8, 1700, aged 30 : Anne, his relict, died April 26, 1707, set. 23. 41. 
 
 Arms : three cross crosslets, on a chief a lion passant guardant. John Ready, died Dec. 
 
 18, 1768. 42. Arms: three crosses patee fitche, in the nombril point a leopard's 
 
 face. Roberti Filii Rich. Parsons, LL. Bacc, et Mariae conjugis dilectissimae, ob. March 
 6, 1676', set. 2. [Then a Latin eulogy.] Thomas, their third son, died July 8, IfJSy, 
 
 aged 4. 43- On a large blue marble stone. Arms: Parsons as above, impaling 
 
 6 leopards' faces, 3, 2, 1. Mary, the most beloved wife of Richard Parsons, Doctor of 
 Laws, and Chancellor of the Diocese of Gloucester, having led an eminently virtuous 
 life 49 years, died much lamented, Oct. 26", l6'90. 
 
 If Charity, Zeal, Friendship, Virtue dye. 
 
 Under this stone what mighty ruins lye ; 
 
 Or if peculiar privilege could save 
 
 The Good, Just, Prudent, Pious from the grave : 
 
 What need had been of this sad stone to tell 
 
 How she in all these graces did excell. 
 
 Who yet here equall'd to the vulgar lyes, 
 
 Equall she fell, but shall not equal rise. 
 
 b This was Dean Frampton's wife. He was afterwards Bishop of Gloucester. See Standisli Church. 
 
 Here
 
 270 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Here lyeth also, Richard Parsons, D. LL. once Fellow of New College, Oxford, Vicar 
 of Dryfield, and Chancellor of this Diocese, in which station he lived 34 years. Dili- 
 gent in the execution of his office, and eminent as well for hospitality to strangers as 
 charity to the poor, he died June 12, 1711, aged 68. Anne Parsons, Sept. 5, 1707, 
 aged 28 ; Mary, their eldest daughter, wife of William Bayly, of Frethorn Lodge, 
 
 Esq. Jan. 30, 1697, aged 25; Mrs. Honour Parsons, April 9, 1693, aged 16. 
 
 44- Arms : a saltier double cottised between 3 roses stalked and leaved. Gervasius 
 Smith, Art. Mag. et. Rev<" in Christo Patris Miloni Epi. nuper Glouc'. Filius natu 
 maximus. [Then some Latin verses.] Obiit 17 Januarii, 1625, aetatis suae 31. 
 
 45- Thomas Sutton, and William Sutton, Gentlemen, were here interred Aug. 
 
 21, 1656. [Then some English verses.] 46. On a plate of brass, Carolus Sutton, 
 
 infans 7 dierum, septimus filius Wilhelmi Sutton, Cancellarii Dioc. Gloucestr. ob. 
 
 June, 5, 1626. [Then some Latin verses.] 47. Arms : partieper pale, a chevron 
 
 between three roses, on a chief two escallops, impaling an inescutcheon between eight 
 mullets, 3, 2, 2, 1. Elizabetha, Edmundi Chamberlayne, de Church dpwne. Gen', 
 filia, D. Tho. Thache, A. M. Eccl. S. Mich, in hac Urbe Rect. conjux merito charis- 
 sima, [and then a long eulogy.] Mortalem, quam ipsa tenere non potuit, vitam cog- 
 nomini tradens filiae. In primis puerperii gaudiis leniter expiravit aeternis fruitura, 
 
 Octob. XVI. A. D. MDCXcii. letat. xxiii. 48. Arthur Brett, Esq. Groom of the 
 
 Bedchamber unto King James; died July 2, 1642. 49- Johannes Wagstaffe, 
 
 Armiger, obiit xx Mar. 1696, aet. 78. 50. On a blue marble grave-stone, now 
 
 covered by the Stalls. Arms : seven lozenges vaire countervaire, on a canton a mullet, 
 impaling a cross bottone fitche, between four fleurs de lis. Johannes Guise, Ar'. Ex 
 Hospitio medij Templo Juriscon' Arlinghamige natus, Glocestriae decessit Febru. 10, 
 1676, set. 43- Hie etiam reconduntur tres ejus liberi, Maria, nat. Oct. S, I668, obiit 
 Decern. 1, 1674 ; Elizabetha nat. Maii 18, 1675, obiit Octob. 1, 1677 ; Johannes, nat. 
 Nov. 28, 1676, obiit Decern. 10, 1676. 51. Arms : a chevron between three grif- 
 fins' heads erased. On a free-stone, for one William White, who died anno 1646, is the 
 following acrostick : 
 
 W hat man more valiant was than he that lies 
 
 I ntombed here after his victories. 
 
 L et such as his undaunted courage knew 
 
 L ive to report, and witness what is true : 
 
 I n famous Berkeley Castle he was known 
 
 A s Governour, though aged but twenty-one; 
 
 M aintaining still the cause with much renown, 
 
 W hich he at first for right and just did own. 
 
 H is name and house since conquering William's days, 
 
 I s regist'red his life, deserving praise, 
 
 T ill death at Ragland Castle, by a wound, 
 
 E nded his days, that so he might be crown'd. 
 52. Arms : a bend, on a chief two Cornish choughs, impaling six leopards' faces, 3, 2, 1. 
 On a marble stone: Venerabilis VirThomas Vyner, S. T.P. hujus Ecclesiae Decanus, 
 
 et
 
 EPITAPHS. 271 
 
 et Windsorianae Prebendarius. Illustris genere, pietate in Deum, venustate ingenii, 
 comitate morum, integritate vitae illi vale longe illustrior, qui sum'o amicoriim liictu et 
 
 nisrore decessit Apr. 11, l673,aet.44. 53- Against the North Wall was formerly a 
 
 fair monument to the memory of Major General Crawford, who was killed at the siege of 
 Hereford, being then a Commander in the Scots Army against King Charles I. with 
 this inscription from Le Neve : Laurentij CrafFordij, Gen. Mag. Scoto Brit. Quod 
 mortale fuit immortalitatem hie expectat. Filius fuit Hugonis CrafFordij JordanhiUi, 
 (ex nobili familia Kilbernia) nascendi ordine sextus : a prima pubertate causam Paliti- 
 natam amplexus annos XI. Gustavo & Xtianae Suecontm Regibus in Germania mili- 
 tavit Caroli Ludovici Elect. Palat. auspicijs, turmis aliquot equitum protribunus 
 triennio imperavit anno 1641, adversus Rebelles Hyhernenses missus biennio Tri- 
 bunes res magnas gessit pari fortitudine & fide commendatus. Anno 1643, a Par- 
 liament! Anglici ordinibus evocatus primum in Comitis Mancestriae, deinde in Sco- 
 torum exercitu legatus S"*"* seu Generalis Major, biennio fere rebus niaximis cum 
 summa fide et virtute gestis gloriam meritus immortalem. 17 Aug. 1(745, tlum Here- 
 fordiam acrius oppugnat plumbea trajectus occubuit bonis nimirum desideratus, aetat. 
 ann. 34. Natus est in arce paterna Jordankilla prope Glascuum in Scotia, Nov. Cal. 
 1611. 
 
 Quos tibi maturos mors invidisset honores 
 
 Cui titulos tantos prima juventa dedit : 
 
 Pelides sic ante diem, sic occidit Hector, 
 
 Quamlibet ignavi saecula lenta trahant. 
 
 To vindicate rights human and divine 
 The crown of Sweden, and Palsgrave of the Rhine; 
 And both the British senates having serv'd, 
 W'h honour gain'd, and faithfulness preserv'd, 
 The publick interest pleading with his sword, 
 He died before the walls of Hereford. 
 
 In the North Cross Isle or Transept. 
 
 54. Arms : Sable, a cross patee Argent. John Bower, had nyne sons and seven 
 daughters by his wife, Ann Bower — Richard, Ciuy, (iyles, Thomas, Thomas, King- 
 ston, Peter, John, Ann, Margat, Dorothy, Elizabeth, Nanfan, Katern, Joane, and 
 
 John. Ann Bower Dec. 1, \6l'^ ; John Bower Jan. 28, l6"15. 55. John Smith, 
 
 Alderman, and once Mayor of this city, died June 28, 1586". 56". Arms: a 
 
 cross between four birds, impaling a lion rampant. Mary, the wife of Richard Cosley, 
 of the city of Gloucester, Gent. [Then an eulogy.] Died Oct. 22, 1717, aged 44. 
 
 57- Richard Cosley, Alderman and Mayor of this city, died Aug. 29, 1742, 
 
 aged 77. Likewise, Catherine, the relict of Peter Wheeler, late Lieutenant and 
 Adjutant in a Regiment of Dragoons, and daughter of Richard and Marv Cosley ; 
 
 died March 24, 175C, aged 5y. ",8. Arms : paly of six on a bend, three mullets 
 
 for Elton. Here lyeth the body of Dorothy, the wife of Nicholas Addis, of this city, 
 
 Gent.
 
 272 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Gent, daughter of Anthony Elton, late of Ledbury, in the county of Hereford, esq. 
 
 deceased Dec. 24, 1623. 59. Arms: a chevron, in chief a label of three points. 
 
 Joseph Morwent, of Tetbury, in the county of Gloucester ; died 1704, aged 82. Hie 
 jacet Corpus Caroli Morwent, Art. Baccalaurij, filii Josephi Morwent de Tetbury, 
 Gen. qui obijt 25 Aug. 1675, set. 20. Also, Arms: a lion rampant, a chief indented. 
 Benjamin Hyett and Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Joseph Morwent ; he died 1711, 
 aged 62, she died I708, aged 55. Also their children : Sarah, died l6g2, aged 7; 
 William, d. 1706, a. 26; Mary, d. 1712, a. 23 ; John, d. l632, a. 4 ; Mary, d. l6'82, 
 a. 22 days ; Elizabeth, d. 1G83, a. 2 ; Robert, d. 16S3, a. 8 months ; Joseph, d. 1686, 
 a. 5- 60. Arms : a lion rampant, and chief indented, impaling a cross, in the dex- 
 ter quarter an eagle displayed. Charles Hyett, eldest son of Benjamin Hyett and Anna 
 his wife, daughter of Nicholas Webb, of this city ; he died 173S, aged 63; she died 
 1728, aged 58. Also, Benjamin, eldest son of Charles Hyett, died 1762, aged 53 ; 
 Charles, third son of Charles Hyett, d. I7I4, a. 9 months; Frances, only child of 
 Benjamin Hyett last mentioned, d. 1745, a. 9 months ; Edward James, d. I734, a. 45 ; 
 Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Benjamin and Elizabeth Hyett, d. 173,9, a. 5I ; Tho- 
 mas, their only son, d. 1731, a. 9. 61. Anne Gyttens, wife of John Guythens, 
 
 Alderman, died Oct. 3, 1C72. Also, Edborah (sic) their daughter, relict of Mr. 
 George Broad, mercer, died Dec. 9, 1714, aged 63 ; Stephen their son, woollen-dra- 
 per, d. Jan. 12, I728, a. 75 ; Anne their daughter, d. March ](?, 1737, a. 79 ; Hen- 
 rietta, relict of Stephen Gythyns, and daughter of Henry Fisher, of Liddington, co. 
 Wilts, Esq. d. March ij, I742, a. 81 ; Henrietta their daughter, d. Dec. 23, 1756, a. 
 65 ; Frances Gythens, woollen-draper, d. June 14, 1746, a. 35 ; Elizabeth his sister, 
 
 d. Aug. 14, 1745, a. 38. 62. Stephen Clutterbuck, of this city, woollen-draper, 
 
 died May 5, 1649. Anne, his relict, daughter of Nath. Fowler, of Stonehouse, Gent, 
 afterwards wife of John Gythens, Alderman of this city, died Oct. 3, 1672, aged 50. 
 
 63. In memory of Fabian <^ and Stephen Clutterbuck, grandfather and father of 
 
 John Clutterbuck, LL.D. and Fellow of All Souls' College in Oxon, who died Nov. 27, 
 1680, aged 40 ; and Sarah, the wife of Francis Singleton, Alderman of this city, who 
 
 died Oct. 30, 1724, aged 80. 64. Arms : within a lozenge a halberd, in chief two 
 
 bezants. Mrs. Susanna Morse, daughter of Richard Morse, Esq. of Badernwick, in the 
 county of Wilts, died Aug. 10, I729, aged 6l years. 65. Arms : Or, a fess be- 
 tween two chevronels Sable. Against the East wall, on a very handsome marble mo- 
 nument inclosed with iron rails, is this inscription: William Lisle, Gent, by his will 
 gave fifty pounds a-year for ever, in lands at Epney, in charity, to the parishes of St. 
 Nicholas in Gloucester, and St. Werburgh in Bristol. He died Dec. 2, 1723, aged 
 
 35. 66. Mary, daughter of George Ken, Esq. died May 22, l649, aged 9 days, 
 
 67. On a freestone, Anne, late wife to Isaac Bromwich, of Frampton, Esq. sole 
 
 daughter to Edward Trotman, of this city, Councillor at Law; died May 26, 1628, 
 aged 21. 68. Arms: three saltirels. Hie jacet corpus Gulielmi Lane, ex hac Civi- 
 
 c This Fabian Clutterbuck was of the parish of Eastington, in the county of Gloucester. He died Sept. 
 11, 1637, aged 73. 
 
 tate
 
 EPITAPHS. 273 
 
 tate, Arm. qui supremum obijt diem xi Mar. anno salutis 1620, aetatis 76. Here also 
 lyeth Ellen, the wife of William Lane, Esq. and afterwards wife of Christopher Caple 
 and William Price, both Aldermen of this city. She died Dec. 16, 1652. 
 
 In the South Cross Isle or Transept. 
 69. Against the South Wall is a monument supported by columns, with the figures 
 of a man kneeling, in the habit of a lawyer, with a child behind him, and of a 
 woman with three children behind her, and this inscription : Richardus Pates, Arm. 
 huic nuper civitati a memoria, qui vixit annos 73, et obijt 29 Octob. I588 ; sibi et 
 conjugi et natis suis posuit, [Then some Latin verses.J On the canopy over the 
 man's head are these Arms and Crest, Mihi vita Christus, Christus mea spes unica. 
 Argent, a chevron Sable between three pellets; on a chief of the 1st three crosses 
 
 pat^e fitche of the 2d. 70. On an old marble stone, with a cross on it, in old text, 
 
 Hie jacet Thomas Goold. 7I. Near this monument, on an old gravestone, with a 
 
 Cross on it, is inscribed. Hie est Magister Willmus Eldfield tumulatus. 72. On 
 
 Gravestones : Caruca Rosa cadit necnon redolentia grata, 
 
 Hie cadit Elizabeth Berkeley numerata ; 
 
 Stirpe gen'rosa fuit de qua successit ut haeres 
 
 Hanque Thomas ; genuit Seymour • — 
 
 petit hie jam carne relicta 
 
 Quod locus aeternus, et foveat paradisus. 
 73. On a marble stone, with the figure of a cross upon it: Orate p'o a'ie f'ris Joh'is 
 
 Lempster. 74. M. S. Hie requiescit Edvardus Jackson, hujus Ecclesiae Pra;centor, 
 
 et Rector de Rudford, qui obiit 3 Jan. 16*77, aetatis suae 33. In eodem sepulchro inhu- 
 
 mantur quatuor liberi. 75. Mary Stephens, relict of Thomas Stephens, of this city, 
 
 Esq. died March the 26th, 1738, aged 70. Hie jacet infans amabilis Elizabetha, 
 Thomae et Mariae Stephens, Gen. filia tertia, quatuor annos nata. [Then a Latin 
 eulogy.] Obiit 24° die Oct. 1703. Hie etiam jacet corpus charissimae suae filiae Su- 
 sannas, quam causa dira ab hac luce eripuit 15 Decembris 1720°, aetatis suae 22°. 
 
 76. On a marble stone: Joseph Atwell, D. D. Prebendary of this Cathedral, died July 
 7, 1768, aged 73. Susanna Atwell, April 1, 1752. Elizabeth Atwell, June 20, 1762, 
 
 aet. 44. 77. John Baylis, Esq. twice Mayor of this city, departed this life the 4th 
 
 day of January 1772, in the second year of his mayoralty, aged 66 years. 78. 
 
 Orate pro anima Thome quondam Seneschalli ville Glouc. uxoris 
 
 ejus quorum animabus propitietur Deus. 79. Mansio Wylliam Braunche. 80. 
 
 Orate pro anima Magistri Johannis Skelton. 81. On a marble stone was formerly 
 
 a brass plate fixed to it, with this inscription : Hie quod reliquum est de corpore Eiiae 
 Wrench, hujus Ecclesiae per annos 34 Prebendarii, Christum morte suscitaturum ex- 
 
 pectat. [Then some Latin verses.] Obiit aetatis 71, Oct. 4, an. salutis 1()33. 82. 
 
 On the South side of the Choir in Boteler's Chapel were the arms of that family; viz. 
 Azure, three covered cups Or ; and on a stone was inscribed, Kurie, Eleison fratris 
 Johannis Tyron; with the Latin epitaph noticed in the description of Boteler's 
 Chapel. 
 
 N N In
 
 274 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 In the Body or Nave of the Church ; comprehending also those in the North 
 
 and South Ailes, 8§c. 
 S3. (See the Plate.) John Jones, Alderman, thrice Mayor of this City, Burgesse 
 of the ParHament at the time of the Gun-powder Treason, Register to 8 several suc- 
 ceeding Bishops of this Diocese. Ob. June 1, 16'30. Over his head is this coat, with 
 quarterings : 1. Partie per fess; 1. Ermine a cross Gules; 2. Or, a lion rampant Sable ; 
 3. Argent, a lion rampant Sable, debruised by a bend Gules. Below, Partie per pale; 
 1 . Paly of six, Argent and Gules ; over all a lion rampant Sable ; 2. Paly of six, Gules 
 
 and Or. \_See a remark on this monument in a previous page.'\ 84. On the North 
 
 side of the great West door is a handsome marble monument [^see the Plate^, in- 
 scribed, Martin Benson, son of John Benson, Prebendary of Hereford, by Catharine 
 daughter of Benjamin Martin, of Oxfordshire, Esq. and grandson of George Benson, 
 Dean of Hereford, by Catharine daughter of Samuel Fell, Dean of Christ Church in 
 Oxford, was born at Cradley in Herefordshire April 23, 16S9 ; admitted Scholar at 
 the Charter-House Sept. 15, 1703; elected Student of Christ Church July 10, 1712; 
 ordained Deacon Feb. 21, 1713; Priest, March 13, I715 ; installed Prebendary of 
 Salisbury August 1, 1720 ; Archdeacon of Berkshire Jan. 13, 1720-I ; Prebendary of 
 Durham Feb. 5, 1723-4; appointed Chaplain to the King Oct, 3, 1727 ; instituted to 
 the Rectory of Bletchley in Buckinghamshire Jan. 4, 1727-8 ; created Doctor of Divi- 
 nity by the University of Cambridge June 26, 173I ; and being consecrated Bishop of 
 Glocester Jan. 19, 1734-j, declared his resolution of never removing to another See, 
 and died in the adjoining Palace August 30, I752. His character, which he forbad 
 his Executors to inscribe on the small memorial erected here by his order, this Diocese 
 and this Nation will long remember with reverence and love ; but his many nearer 
 Friends with peculiar veneration and tenderness, in proportion as each knew him more 
 intimately. And a worthy person, induced by esteem alone, hath taken care, in an- 
 other part of this Church, that ages to come shall be distinctly acquainted with it. — 
 Upon his grave-stone, fronting the great West door, is inscribed, H. I. Mart"^ Epis"*. 
 Gloc'"'^ — The inscription referred to on the East wall of the South Transept is as fol- 
 lows: Reader, be admonished by this marble to imitate Martin Benson, late Bishop 
 of this Diocese. A rational piety raised the views of this excellent man above the 
 world, and formed his whole temper into a truly Christian spirit of resignation. An 
 uncommon warmth of benevolence made it the business and pleasure of his life to 
 go about doing good, by instruction in righteousness, and by works of charity. He 
 watched the flock of Christ as a faithful shepherd, from a sense of his own duty, and 
 a disinterested concern for their common welfare; and he maintained the dignity of his 
 authority by the meekness with which he exercised it. He felt a deep compassion for 
 the vicious ; and shewed it even whilst he was exposing the folly and wretchedness of 
 vice with a strength and turn of language peculiar to himself. His reproofs, being dic- 
 tated by friendship, qualified by candour, and delivered with a natural delicacy of 
 manners, were sincere without roughness, and endearing without dissimulation. He 
 was by constitution liable to a depression of spirits; but innocence of heart enliven'd 
 
 his
 
 In till- A'ortJi yh.'U- o; tlic .Smc of Ohui:cjtcr Oahabu.
 
 In thr Wi^tii Aish ,^' aV yave .-/' o/^ujxjffr iVahr^^: 
 
 ^ 
 
 /(/W,///^. ij//,r ^///«/BAL?HBTGL.\ND Ksi(.NOKROY>.>%'^ a/ ^/r
 
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 EPITAPHS. 275 
 
 his mind and his conversation with a chearfuhiess that created a more affectionate 
 regard for his superior worth, by rendering it more famihar and amiable. Under the 
 most acute pains of bis last tedious illness he possessed his soul in patience; and, 
 with a firm trust in his Redeemer, calmly resigned his spirit to the Father of Mercies. 
 That such an example might be perpetuated, Gabriel Hanger, of Dryffield, erected 
 
 this monument in memory of his ever-honoured friend, I755. 85. Against the 
 
 wall in the North Aile, beginning at the West end, is a neat marble monument. 
 Arms: quarterly, 1. Sable, a cross Or, in fess a hand erased Sable; 2. Or, a chevron 
 Azure between 3 towers embattled Gules; 3. and 4. blank. The Rev. Benjamin King, 
 D. D. one of the Prebendaries of this Cathedral Church, departed this life May 3, 1728. 
 To fill up the measure of filial piety, and even after death to extend the testimony of 
 that reverence which he paid to his father's memory, John King, by his last will, 
 caused this monument to be erected ; who through a course of near forty years exe- 
 cuted the offices of Registrar and Vice-Treasurer of this Church, with reputation to 
 himself, and to the entire satisfaction of the Chapter. He lies buried near this place, 
 together with Elizabeth his wife. He died Nov. 26, 1756, aged 62 ; she died Dec. 6', 
 
 1745, aged 48. 86. Arms : in a lozenge Ermine, a lion rampant Sable, impaling a 
 
 chevron Ermine between 3 martlets. Near this place lies the body of Lucy Stokes, 
 relict of Thomas Stokes, Gen. and the daughter of Doct. Harwood, a Prebendary of 
 the Cathedral (who died anno 1669), by Isabella his beloved wife, youngest daughter 
 of Bray Aylworth, of Aylworth in the county of Gloucester, Esq. and grand-daughter 
 of Sir Paul Tracy, of Stanway in the said county, Bart. She was first married to 
 Timothy Nourse, Gent, first founder of the Workhouse in this city ; and who at her 
 death gave 25 pounds per amium for ever to the Poor of the Parish of St. John's 
 Bedwarden, near the city of Worcester, and 12/. 10*. per annum to the Parishes of 
 St. Mary de Load and St. Katharine's in this city; and 12/. 10*. per annum to the 
 Parish of Newent in the said county of Gloucester. [Then an eulogy.] She died Jan. 
 
 11, A. D. 1732, 0et. 73. 87. Against the wall near the Mayor's Chapel. Arms : 
 
 in an oval shield, Azure, 3 martlets Argent, within a tressure flory counter-flory, im- 
 paling Argent, on a bend double cottised Sable 3 roundlets Or ; all within a border 
 engrailed Gules. Non prossunt Domino que prossunt omnibus artes. M.S. Juxta 
 obdormiscit in Christo Edvardus Wright, Medicinae Doctor, vere Christianus. [Then 
 a long Latin eulogy.] Ob. July 24, an" D'ni I701, aetatis 36'. Conjux superstes me- 
 moriae viri optim^ meriti hoc qualecunq; monumentum amoris ergo lugens mcerensque 
 poni curavit. Et moriens eodem sepulchro ipsius cineres recondi voluit; vere fuit vidua 
 et bonis operibus omnium testimonio comprobata. Ob. Martii 18, anno Dom. 1722, 
 
 aet. 67. 88. In the Mayor's Chapel a fair monument, with the effigies of a man in 
 
 a scarlet gown, kneeling at a desk, with his wife opposite, and seven children under- 
 neath them. Arms: 1. the old City Arms; 2. Quarterly, (1.) a chevron engrailed 
 
 between 3 stalked leaves ; (2.) in a flower-pot a stalked and leaved. Thomas 
 
 Machen, Esq. late Alderman of this City of Gloucester, and thrice Maior of the same, 
 departed this life the iSth day of October 16"14, aged 74. Christian his wife, with 
 
 whome
 
 2j6 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 whome hee lived in the state of marriage 50 yeares, and had issue 7 sonnes and 6 
 
 daughters, died June 29, 1615, aged 70. \_See the Plate.'] 89. Against the East 
 
 wall in that Chapel called the Mayor's. Arms : Azure, 3 bars wavy Argent, impaling 
 Argent, on a bend double cottised Sable 3 annulets Or, within a border engrailed 
 Gules. Samuel Browning, e Familia de Coley, Generosi, obiit Feb. 3, 1676, aet. 27. 
 Liberi ejus tres, per dilectissimam uxorem Margaretam filiam Gulielmi Selwin, de 
 Matson, Armio-eri ; viz. Margaretta, Samuel, Anna. In tenerrima aetate mortui 
 
 omnes. 90. Near the last, against the same wall, a very elegant tomb, on which 
 
 lie the effigies of a man and his wife (already noticed in a preceding page). Arms: 
 1. Barry, impaling Gules, sem^e of crosslets Or between a saltire of 2d ; 2. Barry, im- 
 paling paly of 6, a bend charged with 3 mullets ; 3. Paly of 6, &c. as before, impaling 
 Or, a fess Sable, in chief 3 lozenges of 2d. To the happy memorie of Abraham Black- 
 leech, Gen. Sonne of William Blackleech, Esq. ; a man not only generally beloved in 
 his life, but deservedly endeared to posteritie by rare examples of seldome patterned 
 piety, expressed in his bounty to St. Paule's in London, to this Church, to the High- 
 wayes about, and the Poore in this Citie ; who, laying aside the vilenesse of mortality, 
 was admitted to the glory of eternity November the 30th, 1639. Gertrude his wife, 
 daughter of Ambrose Elton, Esq. and Anne sister to Walter Lord Aston, hath erected 
 
 this monument as a testimony of his fame and her observance. 9I. Against the 
 
 wall between the Choir-door and the entrance into the South Cross Aile, Arms: 
 Barry Or and Azure, over all a bend Gules, in chief a label of 3 points Sable ; im- 
 paling Azure, 3 lozenges Or. [An eulogy] ; then, Marmor hoc dicavit Gulielm. Pem- 
 bruge. Gen': mem. suavissimae conjugis Catharinae quae fato defuncta est Jun. 15, 
 
 1690, set. 24. 92. In Abbot Seabroke's Chapel. Arms : on a fess 3 griffins' heads 
 
 erased, impaling on a bend 3 lozenges. Hie situs est vir dum vixit venerabilis Fran- 
 ciscus Baber, Armigcr, natus ex antiqua familia Baberiensi in comitatu Somerset, 
 utriusque Juris D'. Cancellarius Dioceseos Gloucestriensis per triginta novem annos, 
 quod munus integr^ exccutus mira cum omniu' laude probatus fuit, tum litteris turn 
 moribus vixit suis charus, obiit omnibus desideratus Junii 17, 1669, aet. 69. Eliza- 
 betba conjux, filia Jo. Adderley, in com' Middlesex, Arm. ob. 14 Jan. 1673, aet, 63. 
 93. Against one of the South Pillars in the body of the Church, on a plain monu- 
 ment. Arms : Quarterly, 1. Gules, a swan Argent; 2, Argent, a lion passant Sable; 
 3. Argent, a chevron Gules between 3 birds Sable ; 4. Azure, fretty Or. Thomas 
 Batherne, the only sonne of Richard Batherne, late of Penhow in the county of Mon- 
 mouth, Gent, died Sept. 25, 1652, aet. 22, Mary wife of Richard, ob. March 29, 
 
 1665. 94. Against another Pillar in the Nave formerly hung an Achievement for 
 
 William Andrews, Gent, who died August 5, 1675. [Some English verses,] Arms : 
 
 a saltire surmounted by another, 95- On a neat marble monument, with a boy 
 
 weeping, and leaning on a medallion of the deceased, Sacred be this marble to the 
 memory of Dame Mary Strachan, wife of Sir William Strachan, Baronet, daughter 
 and sole heiress of Edward Popham, late of Tewkesbury Park in this county, Esq. 
 She died Oct. 23, I770. In her life gentleness of manners, firmness of affection, and 
 
 sincerity
 
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 EPITAPHS. 277 
 
 sincerity in religion, characteriz'd the Woman, the Friend, and the Christian. [5ee 
 
 the PlateJ] 96. Arms: Quarterly, 1. partie per cross a stag trippant; 2. 3. 3 
 
 pheons ; 4. as 1st, impaling Webb. John Lloyd, Esq. late of Wheatenhurst in the 
 county of Glocester, died 8 August 1761, aet. 85. Anne his wife, Sept. 24, 1751. 
 
 97. John Wodward, late Alderman and Mayor of this city, died March 21, I574. 
 
 98. Edmund Lewis, of Carnfloidd, Esq. sonne unto Sir Thomas Lewis, of Penmarke in 
 
 the county of Glamorgan, died Oct. 29, 1673. 99. On a brass plate affixed to a 
 
 grave-stone: Laurence Wilsire, Gent, some time Mayor of this city, died l6l2. 
 
 100. Arms: on a flaunch two geese or swans, query? Quod terrenum est Johannis 
 Futter, trimuli, (filii Henrici Futter, Gen. Londinensis) Decembr. 21, I665. Henry 
 son of Henry, ob. inf. Feb. 7, I679. His brother, of the same name, ob. inf. Sept. 9, 
 1685. 101. Arms: on a bend 3 cinquefoils, impaling a flaunch, charged as be- 
 fore, for Futter. M. S. In hoc Cem't'rio requiescunt, in hoc obdormiunt contubernio, 
 
 parens & infans . \ Carles > , ' uxor et filia Johannis Carles, Generosi, 
 ^ Anna (^ J proles, ' 
 
 mariti et patris moerentissimi. Haec hemerobia, ilia nondum nono-decimum complens 
 
 annum, cui •< .^^ 'tt^ 1 '' {• Londinenses, parentes charissimi, non minore tan- 
 ' ]_ Anna Hancocke, J ^ 
 
 dem Plausu, quam Pianctu omniu' exiit, quippe quod prima qua vitam dedit hora 
 carpsit, nee citius primo-genita quam morte gravida quam pia quam pacata, heu ! 
 quam praematura ingravescente puerperio obstetricante phthisi in limine setatis erravit 
 ad metam ac vernante juventute vidit autumnum glorij3e, Augusti mensis die 12™° anno 
 D'ni 1672°. Hie ossa sunt in eodem sarcophago recondita (non esca vermium sed) 
 
 vitam perennem praestolantia. 102. Arms: Futter as before, impaling Ermine, on 
 
 a chiefs battle-axes, for Sheppard of Hampton, as before. H. S. I. Cineres Rebeccae 
 Futter, Gul. Sheppard, de Hempsteed, Armig. et Aliciae, fil. [Then a long Latin eu- 
 logy.] Ob. Nov. 28, 16S7, aet. 38. Henricus Futter, Gen. charissimae conjugi mcerens 
 
 H. M. P. 103. Henry Futter, of Glouc', Gent, died Jan. 9, 1702, aet. Q\. Anne 
 
 wife of Henry Futter, of London, Merchant, ob. July 6', 1701, aet. 86. Robert son of 
 
 Henry Futter, of Gloucester, March 6, 1728, aet. 51. 104. Arms: Ermine, on a 
 
 fess 3 lozenges, for Aram, impaling a cross between 4 thistles .... for Fletcher. Siste 
 Viator. Conduntur enim sub hoc marmore cineres Thomae Aram, hujus civitatis Al- 
 dermanni. [Then a Latin eulogy.] Obiit Novembr. 21, 1679, aet. 51. Sub eodem 
 
 marmore Margareta ejusdem vidua jacet sepulta, ob. Maij 24°, 1691. 105. Arms: 
 
 Aram. Hie jacet Johannes Aram, juvenis benigne ac liberaliter educatus Cum 
 
 vix 26 aetat' annum explesset, lit cum patre in morte consociaretur, patrem e vivis 
 subsecutus est, Novembr. 4, 1680. Elizabeth daughter of Thomas Aram, Gent. ob. 
 
 Jan. 12, 1741, aet. 72. 106. Arms: a cross, as above. Thomas Fletcher, de Norton, 
 
 in comitatu Glouc', Generosi, obiit 4 id. Aug. I681, aet. 78. I07. Arms: a lion 
 
 passant guardant between 3 cross crosslets fitch^, impaling a chevron between 3 lions' 
 heads erased. Johannes Deighton, Cler. obiit Jan. 17, 1695, aet. 53. Anne his wife, 
 
 daughter of Francis Uriett, Esq. co. Hereford, ob. May 26, 1722, set. 78. 108. 
 
 Arms :
 
 278 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Arms: ... on a bend 3 lions passant guardant. Hie in eodem cum parentibus tumulo 
 conduntur reliquiae mortalesThomae Browne, Armigeri, qui Magistratus munus per 
 plurimos annos in hac civitate sustinuit et ornavit. [Then a Latin eulogy.] Coelebs 
 
 obiit die I7 Nov. 1730. I09. Arms: ...3 lozenges, impaling a bend charged 
 
 with a . . . Catharine the youngest daughter of Kemmet Freeman, of this city, Gent, 
 who died June I5, 169O. Kemmet Freeman, of this city, Gent, died April 13, 1674. 
 
 110. In the North Isle. Elizabeth Lloyd, daughter of George Lloyd, Esq. late of 
 
 Wheatenhurst, in this county, died the 17th day of May 1757- HI- The Rev. 
 
 John Gregory, M. A. late Vicar of Sandhurst, and Rector of Rudford, Prsecentor of 
 this Cathedral, and Surrogate to the Chancellor of the Diocese, which offices he for 
 many years discharged faithfully and reputably, died Dec. 13, and was buried here 
 Dec. 18th, A.D. 1752, aged 65. Alethea his wife, ob. April 20, I727, aet. 35. Sophia 
 
 Eckley, May 18, 1739. 112. Edmond Gregory, Alderman, who was twice Sheriff 
 
 and once Mayor of this city. [Then an eulogy.] Died Sept. 23, 1720, aet. 80. Sarah 
 his wife, May 13, I726, aet. 84. Susannah his daughter, June 27, 1743, set. 60. Su- 
 sannah his grand-daughter, August 7, 1747, aet. 25. Dorothy his daughter, March 15, 
 17.")9) set. 69. James Gregory, Gent. June 2, 1722, aet. 38. Judith his wife, February 
 
 17j 17195 set- 26. Charles their son, August 13, 1719- 113- Richard Gregory, 
 
 late of Shrewsbury, Alderman, died there the 9th, was buried here May 12, I743, aet. 
 
 71. 1 14. Anne wife of James Meredith, Rector of English-Bicknor, died February 
 
 8, 1758. 115. Arms in quarterings : (l.) 3 boars' heads; (2.) a lion rampant; 
 
 (3.) a chevron between 3 fleurs de lis; (4.) a chevron; (5.) as 2d; (6.) as 1 ; (7.) as 4; 
 (8.) as 3. Gloriae Fv'dame'tv' Labor. Peter Gongh, Gent, first Customer to the 
 Queen's Majesty's Port of Gloucester, deceased August the 25, I585 ; and Jane his 
 
 wife deceased February the 4 following. II6. Anne daughter unto Christopher 
 
 Westerdale, of Stone in the countye of Glouc', Gen. late wife unto Captaine Thomas 
 Coster, of BristoU, Esquier, departed this life Jan. 23, 1604. II7. William Black- 
 leech, late of Graies Inn in the countie of Middlesex, Gentleman, who at the age of 
 
 twenty and three years died, and was buried the twentieth day of Januarie 1603. 
 
 118. William Blackleech, Batchelor of the Civil Laws, Chancellor of this Diocese for 
 
 the space of 25 years, Esq. died March 24-, 16I6. II9. Mary late wife of William 
 
 Blackleech, Esq. died Jan. 27, 1G17. [See Plates.'] 120. Formerly on a brass 
 
 plate: Henry Machen, late Alderman of the city of Glostre, died March 5, 1568. 
 
 [Then two English lines.] 121. wife to Henry Machen, and first mar- 
 
 ryed to Peter Romny, and last wife unto Thomas Best, who died May 7, I587. 
 
 122. On grave-stone. Arms: A fess vaire counter-vaire between three pelicans' heads 
 erased vulning themselves; impaling three bendlets, over all a lion rampant. Edward 
 Machen, Esq. of this city, son of Edward Machen, of East-Batch Court, in the 
 county of Glocester, Esq. died Sept. 20, I740, aged 6\. Winifred his wife, March 
 
 25, 1755, aged 76. 115. Arms: Semee of crosslets a saltire, impaling a chevron 
 
 between three martlets. Alee Woodward, of London, widow, daughter to Thomas 
 Winsore. She was aged 80 odd years, and departed this life the S''' day of June, and 
 
 was
 
 EPITAPHS. 279 
 
 was buried the g*''^ day of the same month, an: D'ni 1593- H^- Anthony Elhs, 
 
 D. D. Minister of the united parishes of St. Olave's, Old Jewry, and St. Martin's", 
 Ironmonger-lane, in the city of London, 38 y" ; Prebendary in this Church 37 years ; 
 consecrated Bishop of St. David's 28 Feb: 1753; departed this hfe 17 Jan: 1761, aged 
 68 years. A person truly excellent ; learned, just, benevolent, pious; to whose rare 
 virtues and abilities Adulation cannot add. Envy cannot deservedly take from. He 
 married Anne, the eldest daughter of S'' Step: Anderson, of Ey worth, in the county of 
 Bedford, Bart, whom he left with one daughter to lament the common loss of one of 
 
 the best of mankind. II7. Arms: Or, a chevron Sable between three pellets, 
 
 impaling Gules, a chevron Ermine between three birds Argent. Mary, late wife of 
 
 Luke Singleton, Esq. [Then an eulogy.] She died March 3"^, 1761. 11 8. Arms: 
 
 within a lozenge a chevron ingrailed between three birds, impaling a chevron ingrailed 
 between three roses. Elizabeth Child, relict of John Child, late of Quihall, in the 
 
 county of Cambridge, Esq. dyed the 27*'' of April 1728, aged 79. 120. Arms: 
 
 Quarterly, 1. on a fess three roundlets ; 2, a bull's head caboshed ; 3, two bars charged 
 each with three birds ; 4, as 1. This coat was formerly upon each corner of Dean 
 Jenning's tomb, which stood in the middle of the choir. 
 
 Hie Gulielme jaces Jeni'ges que' sex quater annos 
 
 Edes Decanu' viderat ista suum ; 
 Mille'm a Christo quingenti bisq' triceni 
 
 Et quinti quarta luce Novembris obis. 
 Clams avo fueras, clarus patre, clarus et ipse, 
 
 Doctrina clarus, clarus et ingenio, 
 Non tam pane tuo q'm Christi pane replesti, 
 
 Christicolas ergo vivis, et astra tenes. 
 
 121. On the most Western pillar on the North side of the Nave is a neat marble 
 
 monument with this inscription: To the memory of William Warburton, D. D. for 
 more than xix years Bishop of this See. A Prelate of the most sublime genius and 
 exquisite learning. Both which talents he employed through a long life in the support 
 of what he firmly believed. The Christian Religion, and of what he esteemed the best 
 establishment of it, Tlie Church of England. He was born at Newark upon Trent 
 Dec. 24, 1^98 ; was consecrated Bishop of Gloucester January 20, 1760 ; died at his 
 
 Palace in this city June 7, 1779, and was buried near this place. 122. On the East 
 
 wall of the South Transept : Sacred to the memory of the Rev. Josiah Tucker. D. D. 
 Dean of this Cathedral, who in the long period of forty-two years, during which he 
 filled that station, was never once obli^erl by sickness, or induced by inclination, to 
 omit or abridge a single residence ; and the state of the fabric, at the lime of his death, 
 bore ample testimony to the conscientious and liberal interest which he always took in 
 the preservation and improvement of it. Distinguished by a vigorous, comprehensivcj 
 and independent mind, whilst his theological writings acquired him a high rank among 
 the ablest divines, he was eminently conspicuous for political discernment, on the 
 important subject of national commerce ; for the free spirit of which, unrestrained by 
 
 monopoly
 
 28o HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 monopoly and colonial preference, he firmly contended against prepossessions long and 
 generally entertained ; and he lived to see his opinions established on the sure basis of 
 experience. His publications were numerous, and of a nature not to be soon forgotten. 
 By them, " being dead, he yet speaketh," and will not speak in vain, as long as an 
 earnest but well-tempered zeal for the Established Church, an enlarged policy, the 
 true principles of commerce, and their alliance with the benign spirit of religion, shall 
 be understood, respected, and maintained. He died November the 4th, 1799, in the 
 Slst year of his age. On a small tablet below, I-:-T. S. T. P. H. Eccl. Inst. Decanus, 
 
 July 15, A. D. 175S. 123. At the East of the South Aile : Sacred to the memory 
 
 of William Adams, D. D. Master of Pembroke College, Oxford, Prebendary of this 
 Cathedral, and Archdeacon of Landaff. Ingenious, learned, eloquent, he ably defended 
 the truth of Christianity: pious, benevolent, and charitable, he successfully inculcated 
 its sacred precepts : pure and undeviating in his own conduct, he was tender and com- 
 passionate to the feelings of others, ever anxious for the welfare and happiness of man- 
 kind. He was on all occasions forward to encourage works of public utility, and ex- 
 tensive beneficence. In the government of tiie College over which he presided, his 
 vigilant attention was uniformly exerted to promote the important objects of the insti- 
 tution ; whilst the mild dignity of his deportment, his gentleness of disposition, and 
 urbanity of manners, inspired esteem, gratitude, and affection. Full of years, and ma- 
 tured in virtue, he died January 13th, 1789, aged 82. 124. In the third arch of 
 
 the Cloyster, on a beautiful marble monument, inclosed with iron rails: Sacred to the 
 memory of Sarah Morley, wife of James Morley, Esq. of Bombay, in the East Indies, 
 and daughter of Mr. James Richardson, of Newent, in this county. Impelled by a 
 tender and conscientious solicitude to discharge her parental duties in person, she em- 
 barked with her young family, when their health and education required their removal 
 to England, and having sustained the pains of childbirth at sea, she died a few days 
 after that event, on the 25th of May 1784, in the twenty-ninth year of her age. Of 
 seven children, the issue of her marriage, one son and three daughters survived to 
 lament the untimely loss of an invaluable mother. Her husband erected this monu- 
 ment, to testify his grateful and affectionate remembrance of a wife, whose exemplary 
 and amiable domestic qualities endeared her to him beyond all that language can ex- 
 press. \_See a remark on this 3Io?iument in a preceding page.^ 125. In the sixth 
 
 arch, towards the South, on an elegant marble monument: Sacred to the memory of 
 Sir John Guise, Bart, of Highnam Court, LL. D. Alderman in this corporation, and 
 formerly Lieut. Col. in the Glocester Militia, whose excellent disposition early attracted 
 the regard of this city and county, in which his conciliating manners, his judgment, 
 good sense, and principles of unsullied honour, gave him an ascendancy that was 
 retained with unceasing attachment to the period of his dissolution. His hospitality 
 was splendid without profusion, his friendship was active without profession, his mu- 
 nificence extensive without ostentation. With the affectionate solicitude that endeared 
 him as a father, were joined those endowments for domestic life, which render indelible 
 the sorrow of her who has erected this memorial of conjugal happiness. Ob. 3d May, 
 
 1794,
 
 EPITAPHS. 281 
 
 1794, -^t. 60. On the South side of the seventh pillar, on a neat marble monu- 
 ment: In memory of the Rev. Charles Bishop, M.A. Rector of Elkstone and Rudford, 
 and one of his Majesty's Justices of the Peace for this county, whose abilities as a 
 Divine, taste as a Scholar, and uprightness as a Magistrate, entitled him to that vene- 
 ration and respect, which he had not only the satisfaction to merit, but the pecu- 
 liar happiness to enjoy. His engagements in education through a long course of years 
 having necessarily extended his connections, such was the excellency of his heart, so 
 attractive his manners, that his friendships became as numerous as his acquaintance ; 
 such the undeviating steadiness of his nature, that every tie grew stronger by time, 
 while those who knew him longest loved hiin most. Ob. Mart. 29, I7S8, aet. 59. 
 
 Amicitiae sacrum. Against the fifth pillar, on a neat marble monument: Sacred 
 
 to the memory of Samuel Hay ward, of Walsworth Hall, near this city, Esq. many 
 years in the Commission of the Peace for this county. In his official department as 
 a Magistrate, he was active, upright, and vigilant : in private life a tender husband, a 
 sincere friend, and good Christian. He died March 2, 1790, aged 7() years, universally 
 regretted by all who knew him. Also of Samuel, his son, who died Feb. 26, 1764, 
 aged near 7 years. 126. On the seventh pillar, on a marble monument: Sa- 
 cred to the memory of James Wood, of this city, Esq. who departed this life Aug. 5, 
 1761, aged 67. He descended from the family of the Woods, of Brockrup-Court and 
 Cheltenham, in this county. Also of Dorothy his wife, daughter of Richard Weeksy, 
 A.M. Vicar of Sherstone, Wilts, who died December 16, 1762, aged 68. Also of 
 Richard Wood, Esq. Banker, of this city, their son, who departed this life March 6, 
 1792, in the 70th year of his age. Also of Elizabeth his wife, daughter and co-heiress 
 of John Agg, of Elmstone llardwick, Esq. who died June 10, 1803, aged 75. Each 
 of them, in every relation of life, afibrded a most striking pattern of goodness and 
 
 benevolence. I28. On the tenth pillar, on a handsome marble monument: In 
 
 memory of Jane Fendall, wife of William Fendall, Esq. and youngest daughter of the 
 late Rev. James Benson, LL. D. who departed this life December xxiv. mdccxcix. 
 
 aged XLi years, and lies interred in the neighbouring church of Matson. 129. On 
 
 the eleventh pillar, on a marble monument: M. S. Johannis Topham, Armigcri, iinius 
 it Magistris Banci Hospitii Grayensis, Regiae Societatis Socii, Antiquarioruin Societatis 
 Socii et Thesaurarii Archievorum publicorum, nuper (^ custodibus Archiepiscoj)i Can- 
 tuariensis Bibliothecarii, Corporatus Clericorum Filiorum Registrarii, Societatis pro 
 sublevandis Clericorum Orphanis Thesaurarii. His titulis perpensis, si quid ultra 
 qu2eras, lector, hosce singulos ex bonorum omnium consensu ilium fide et industria 
 meruisse ; nee minus optimis vit;c privata; officiis ad amussim perfimctum esse scias. 
 Abi, et provinciam quam nactus es orna. Natus in con)itatu Eboracensi Januar. 6', 
 
 1746". Obiit sine prole August 19, 1803. 130. On the twelfth pillar, on a neat 
 
 marble monument: Sacred to the memory of John Parker, Esquire, late of Hasfield 
 Court, in the county of (ilocesfer, who died the 22d of March, 1809, aged 52 years. 
 Whose remains are interred in this Cathedral near the tomb of his late ancestor. Abbot 
 
 Parker; and by his decease, the male descendants of that family are extinct. 
 
 o o 131.
 
 282 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 131. Against the sixth pillar, on an elegant marble monument: Sacred to the memory 
 of John Webb, Esq. LL. D. of Norton Court, in the county of Glocester, and one 
 of the representatives for this city in three successive Parliaments. He departed this 
 life Feb. the 4th, I795, aged 64 years. As a public character, his conduct in the 
 House of Commons was truly exemplary, ever voting according to the dictates of his 
 conscience, an high sense of honour, and an independent spirit. In private life, he 
 was an aflTectionate husband, a kind and good father, a real and sincere friend. He 
 was blessed with a benevolent and generous heart, which at all times afforded a refuge 
 to every distressed object within his power to assist. Few men have died more gene- 
 rally or more sincerely lamented. Also of John Webb, Esq. his eldest son, who de- 
 parted this life March 21st, I797, aged 28 years. To the memory of Arabella Webb, 
 widow of the above John Webb, Esq. who departed this life the 1 1th June, 180I, aged 
 
 59 years. 132. Against the seventh pillar, on a neat marble monument: In 
 
 memory of Mary Clarke, wife of Richard Clarke, of the precincts of Worcester Ca- 
 thedral, Gent. [Then an eulogy.] I32. On the East side of the same pillar: Sa- 
 cred to the memory of Richard Clarke, Barrister at Law, and Member of the Hon. 
 Society of the Inner Temple, son of Richard Clarke, of Worcester, Esq. and Mary his 
 wife. He departed this life Jan. 22, 1805, in the 34th year of his age. [Then an eu- 
 logy.] 132. On the South side of the same pillar is another, with the following : 
 
 Near this pillar (in the same grave with his wife) Richard Clarke, Esq. of the College 
 Precincts, Worcester, whose piety and charity were ever active, never ostentatiously 
 displayed. The relative duties of life he discharged with tender and prudent attention. 
 He was firm in his friendships, and distinguished for his liberal hospitality. He died 
 
 on the 4th of Nov. I796, in the gist year of his age. 133. Against the West 
 
 wall of the South transept, on a marble tablet: Sacred to the memory of Benjamin 
 Baylis, Esq. Alderman of this city, who died June 29, I777, aged 56 years. Also of 
 Elizabeth his wife, who died January 1, I798. Hester their daughter died Nov. 17th, 
 1765, aged 5 years. Benjamin, their son, died March 11th, 1783, aged 37 years. 
 
 Martha, their daughter, died March 29th, 1800. I34. Adjoining to this, on a 
 
 neat tablet of marble : Near this place are deposited the remains of Frances Gorges. 
 She was the eldest daughter of Thomas Fettiplace, of Swinbrooke, in the county 
 of Oxford, Esq. and widow of Richard Gorges, Esq. of Eye-court, in the county of 
 Hereford, Esq. some time representative in Parliament for the borough of Leominster, 
 
 She (lied on the 29th of May, 1800, aged 65 years. 135- At the East end of the 
 
 South aile, on a neat marble monument : M. S. Joannis Smyth, S. T. P. Collegiae 
 Pembrochiae, Oxon. Magistri, luijus Ecclesiae Praebendarii, et de Fairford in comitatu 
 Gloucestrise Vicarii, viri, si quibus grata sint doctrina, morum comitas, religio, specta- 
 tissimi ; Collegio, cui plusquam I3 annos praefuit, ob munificentiam carissimi ; depo- 
 sitae erant ejusdem reliquiae in Ecclesia Cathedrali Exoniae, in qua urbe mortuus est 
 jgrao (jig mensis Octobris, anno Domini 1809. ^tatis suae 66. 
 
 The
 
 EPITAPHS. 283 
 
 The Cloistei's. 
 
 136. Elizabeth, the beloved wife of Abraham Rudhall, of this city, bell-founder, 
 died Nov. 7, 1699, aged 4I. Abraham Rudhall, bell-founder, famed for his great 
 skill, beloved and esteemed for his singular good-nature and integrity, died Jan. 
 SS'*"} 1735-63 aged 78. Priscilla, daughter of Abraham, buried July 14, I741, aged 
 43 ; Isaac, son, April 22, 1697 ; Jacob Rudhall, Oct. 4, 1699 ; Joseph Rudhall, Oct. 
 11, 1701 ; William, son of Abraham, June 12, I709, aged ig ; Grizell, daughter, 
 
 April 28, 1G84, aged 2 ; Margaret, wife of Abraham, Feb. 21, 1717. 137- Arms : 
 
 A chevron Ermine, impaling Argent, a chevron Azure between three garlands Gules. 
 Elizabeth, the wife of Richard Millechamp, Rector of Rudford, daughter of John 
 Holmes, of Fanhope, in the county of Hereford, Esq. died June 5, 17OO, aged 30. 
 
 [Then some eulogistic verses.] 138. On gravestones in the Cloyster, on the East 
 
 side : William Lambe, Gent, once Mayor of this city, and Register of the Deane and 
 Chapter of this Church near forty years, died Oct. 21, I705, aged 82. Mary Sayer, 
 
 widow, his daughter, died Oct. 28, I725, aged 63. 139. Arms: Two bars, in 
 
 chief a lion passant. Hie ad terram reversum est quicquid terrestre fuit Abraham i 
 Gregory, S. T. P. qui Cathedralem banc Ecclesiam per 19 annos, Canonicus dignis- 
 simus, eru(litione summa ac moribus spectatissimis ornavit ; vir, eximia ac minrnie 
 fucata in Deum pietate, et invicta erga Ecclesiam Anglicanam (hinc illae lachrymse) 
 constantia: assiduam magis in pastorali munere diligentiam, propensiorem in egenos 
 animum, apertiorem manum, sinceriorem in colendis amicitiis fidem, in Collegii hu- 
 juscecommodis promovendis impensius studium, strictiorem erga omnes justitiam cha- 
 ritate melius temperatam, inter superstites vix reliquit : talis cum esset indigno hoc 
 saeculo, tarn immatura morte ereptum minus mirabere sed magls dolebis. Obiit Julii 
 
 29, anno Domini iGqo, a; tat. sua? 47. 140. Arms: Two lions passant, in chief 
 
 3 bezantes, impaling a lion crowned, Tho' Goodinge, late of Gray's Inn, London, 
 
 Gent, died June 27, I758, aged 46. 141. Hawkins, the son of Thomas Warner, 
 
 of Peackinhill, Esq. departed this life Sept. the 13"', 1706. 142. Edward Warner, 
 
 son of Thomas Warner, of Peackinhill, Esq. by Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Sir 
 Edward Fust, of Hill, Baronet, who departed this life the 14 of Dec. 1725, aged 12 
 
 years. 143. In memory of Thomas, the son of Thomas Davies, of this city, Esq. 
 
 by Mary his wife, who departed this life the 4th day of November 1745, aged 7 
 
 months and 14 days. 144. Arms : Three bars, in a chief three mullets, im])aling 
 
 Guise. James Pitt, late of this city, Esq. died Nov. 21, I752, aged 60. A. S. died 
 
 25 Feb. 1757, aged 57. 145. Arms: Chequy, a chief. Samuel Palmer, of this 
 
 city, Gent, died July the 28"', 1717, aged near 65 ; Hannah, his widow, Jan. 24, 1717> 
 
 aged G9. I4f). On the West side of the Cloister : Edward Sleech, youngest son of 
 
 the Rev. Mr. John Sleech, Archdeacon of Cornwall, and Prebendary of this Cathedral 
 Church, died Dec. 5, I77O, aged 10. 
 
 Lndij
 
 2S4 HISTORY OF 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Lady Chapel. 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Thos. Har- 
 vey, of Longford, Gent. ... 15 Dec. 1651 
 Elizabeth, their only daughter, 
 married 1st, to Jas. Powell, 
 Gent. ; 2d, to Edward Har- 
 vey, Esq Feb. 1662 
 
 Miles, 2d son of Miles Clent, 
 
 Gent 7 June, 165S 
 
 Frances, dau. of John Clent, 
 
 Gent 4 Apr. 1652 
 
 Elizabeth, 3d. dau. of Miles 
 Clent, Gent, and Dorothy his 
 
 wife, inf. 
 
 Ann, wid. of Arthur Massinger, 
 
 Gent 21 Oct. 1637 70 
 
 William Wait, jun. who mar- 
 ried their daughter, 26 May, 162S 21 
 
 Elizabeth, dau. of Arthur Mes- 
 senger, 5 July, 1665 73 
 
 Hester Thurston 22 Oct. 1 700 26 
 
 Hester Webley, spinster, .... 4 Apr. 1704 
 
 Giles Cox, Gent 17 Oct. 1620 56 
 
 Richard Tanner 22 May, 1769 33 
 
 John Chomley 29 Apr. 1635 
 
 Audleia, his wife, 
 
 Rebecca, wife of Christopher 
 
 Hodges, Gent 2 Mar. 1676 58 
 
 John Vaulx, Gent. (Registrar) 9 Dec. 1663 
 
 Bridget, his wife, 14 Feb. 1669 
 
 John MeiTO, (singing-man) . . 23 Mar. 1636 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife, 13 Nov. 1615 
 
 Samuel Bridges, Gent 21 July, 1650 
 
 North Transept. 
 
 Robert Stanford, once a ser- 
 vant of the Monastery 
 
 Thomas, son of William Baw- 
 
 tree, in Glamorganshire, .. 15 Oct. 1613 15 
 
 George Broad, mercer, 26 Sept. 1*34 85 
 
 .'Vnn Vaughan, his daughter, 26 July, 1726 
 
 Mary, another daughter, 6 Apr. 1738 
 
 John Chapman, Gent 17 Nov. 1712 66 
 
 Dorothy, his wife, 15 Jan. 1708 61 
 
 Hester, their daughter, 19 Mar. 1689 
 
 Thomas Varnam, Gent 24 Nov. 1634 
 
 Alice, his wife, 11 Apr. 1639 
 
 George Evans, Clerk, 22 Apr. 1684 
 
 Charles, his son, 13 Apr. 1677 
 
 GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Richard, son of Thomas and 
 
 Martha Thache, 11 July, 1703 
 
 Christo|)her Hayes, (singing- 
 man) 25 Jan. 1654 62 
 
 Joan, his wife, ■ 
 
 Elizabeth Fidkin, dau. of Ed- 
 ward Fidkin Clerk and Mar- 
 gar, his wife 30 July, 1727 57 
 
 Frances, another daughter, . . 24 Feb. 1670 
 
 Sarah, another daughter, .... 1675 inf. 
 
 Edward, son of Griffith Thomas 15 June, 1677 
 Eleanor, wife of George Wall, 
 Rector of Hempsted, before 
 wife of Rich. Marwood, Pre- 
 centor, 23 Dec. 1665 
 
 John, son of Oliver Gregory, 
 
 Masterof theCollegeSchool, 15 May, 1675 
 
 John Gardiner, a Lay-clerk,. . 1 Apr. 1746 41 
 
 Mary, his wife, 9 Dec. 1 735 33 
 
 Mary, their daughter, 17 Dec. 1*33 inf. 
 
 Charles, their son, 19 Dec. 1 733 2^ 
 
 Elizabeth, their daughter, .. 11 June, 1732 2 
 
 John Goodman, Gent 5 Feb. 1679 78 
 
 Ann, wife of Thomas Pugh,. . 28 Mar. 1705 34 
 
 Ann, her infant child, 
 
 John Painter, a Chorister, .. 7 Oct. 1696 41 
 
 Mary, wife of Zacha. Stephens, 1 Apr. 1730 42 
 William Deane, B. A. Minor 
 
 Canon, 29 Nov. 1753 42 
 
 Elizabeth Bayly 1 Dec. 1756 89 
 
 John Paine 3 Nov. 1704 60 
 
 John Long, millwright, &c. . . 16 Apr. 1596 
 
 Thomas Siiead, mercer, .... 10 Oct. 1597 
 
 Mr. Richard Elliot, 13 Dec. 1684 
 
 Rich. Hilton, butler to two 
 
 Bishops, 5 June, 1673 
 
 Hesther, dau. of Mr. Benjamin 
 
 Baylis, woolstapler, 17 Nov. 1765 5 
 
 Thomas Browne, Gent 2 Mar. 1662 45 
 
 Uichard, his son, by Mary his 
 
 wife, Aug. 1654 3 
 
 Amy, their daughter, 27 May, 1657 inf. 
 
 William Hoar Feb. 1654 76 
 
 North Isle. 
 
 Ann Arnold, a faithful servant 
 
 of Mr. Charles Brereton for 
 
 more than forty years, 1 Mar. 1760 74 
 
 EliDupree 11 Aug. 1707 74 
 
 Cecilia
 
 EPITAPHS. 
 
 285 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Cecilia, his wife, 6 Jan. 1715 81 
 
 Two Children inf. 
 
 Eli Dupree, son, " abused unto 
 
 death at Hayes, in Middlesex, 
 
 and buried there," 24 May, 1741 74 
 
 Jarvice Hyde, Isabel, his wife ; 
 
 Elizabeth Hyde and Isabel 
 
 VVebley, their daughters, bu- 
 ried at St. Nicholas's. 
 
 John Dupree 12 Jan. 1746 84 
 
 Ann, wife of John Hilton, 
 
 Clerk, Ush. Coll. School, . . 26 Feb. 1692 30 
 
 Jane Bull 17 Dec. 1/58 
 
 Mary Owen 13 June, 1764 
 
 William Jobson, of London, 
 
 Gent 22 Feb. 1760 70 
 
 Henry Robins, Gent 11 Nov. 16 13 
 
 Henry Robins, do 8 May, 1G53 
 
 Nave, 
 
 Samuel Hendry, mercer, 29 July, 1731 51 
 
 Sarah, his wife, 15 June, 1729 52 
 
 Grave-stones. 
 
 Rob. Moore, Notary Public, 
 
 Deputy Registrar, 13 May, 1*32 66 
 
 Thomas Sabery, Gent U Nov. 1685 
 
 Dorothy, dau. of William Shep- 
 
 pard, Esq 
 
 Peter Hay nes, jun. grocer, .. 5 Feb. 1752 45 
 
 Peter, his futlicr, U June, 1762 88 
 
 Rich.Hancocke, of Acton Bur- 
 
 nell, CO. Salop 21 July, 1664 73 
 
 Francis, son of George Watson, 
 
 citizen of Yorke, Secretary 
 
 to Col. Morgan, Governor of 
 
 Gloucester, 3 Oct. 1646 
 
 Giles Smith, baker, — Jan. 1693 60 
 
 Sibyll, his relict, 26 Dec. I710 
 
 Mr. Tan field Rogers 18 Aug. 1666 
 
 Elizabeth, eldest daughter of 
 
 John and Rebecca Bayles, 25 Aug. 1730 9 
 
 Abigail Ingram 13 Apr. 1674 
 
 Barbara, her daughter, 10 Sept. 1674 
 
 Cloisters. 
 
 William Hine, organist, 28 Aug. 1730 43 
 
 Alice, his relict 28 June, 1735 43 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date o( Decease. Age. 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Thomas Ware, (of the College 
 School, a pupil^, son of Ed- 
 ward Ware, co. Wilts 21 Aug. 1698 17 
 
 Hannah, wife of Samuel Rick- 
 
 ards, carpenter, 8 Dec. 17 12 CO 
 
 Elizabeth, sister of Samuel,. . 11 Feb. 1694 20 
 
 Catharine Knotsford 26 Jan. 1687 
 
 Jane Banks 8 Aug. 1718 89 
 
 Elizabeth Rickards 30 July, 1721 inf. 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Tho. Burgis, 
 
 Gent 170s 59 
 
 William, seventh son of the 
 above Thomas, of Christ 
 Church, Oxford, Commoner, 16 May, 1/22 21 
 
 William Burgis 25 Feb. 1766 63 
 
 Margaret, his wife, 16 Apr. I766 64 
 
 Steph. Jeffries, Gent, organist, 25 Jan. 1712 54 
 
 Anne, his wife, 11 July, 1732 71 
 
 James and John, sons of Mau- 
 rice and Ann Wheeler, .... ^— inf. 
 
 Susanna Fletcher 3 Jan. 1/63 
 
 Edborah, wife of Geo. Broade, 
 Gent. dau. of John and Anne 
 Gythens, 9 Dec. 1714 C3 
 
 South side of the Cloister. 
 
 Elizabeth, relict of Ed. Sutton, 
 
 Gent 6 Jan. 1694 
 
 Frances, dau. of Rice and Eli- 
 zabeth Mellechamp 15 Apr. 1697 3 
 
 Richard Mellechamp 21 Aug. 1699 inf. 
 
 Anna Mellechamp 17 Feb. 1699 4 
 
 Penelope Mellechamp 30 Aug. 1699 inf. 
 
 Thomas Ware 
 
 Frances, sister of Luke de 
 
 Beaulieu, Prebendary, 7 Oct. 1708 
 
 James Sayer, writing-master, 14 Aug. 1722 60 
 
 Catherine, his wife, 30 Sept. 1734 84 
 
 Margaret, wife of Edward 
 
 Best, 13 Oct. 1734 74 
 
 John Keys, sexton, &c 22 Apr. I707 27 
 
 James, his son, 2 Apr. 1711 4 
 
 James S-.jyer, Chief Verger, .. — June, 1*13 
 
 John, son of Thomas Branch, 
 
 Gent 9 Oct. 1739 
 
 Thomas, son of Thomas Da- 
 vies, of this City, Esq. by 
 
 Mary his wife 4 Nov. 1 745 inf. 
 
 Elizabeth
 
 286 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 Profession. 
 
 Elizabeth, dau. of John Pal- 
 mer, bookseller, 16 Jan. 1714 ^5 
 
 Hester 20 Jan. 1714 1 
 
 James, son, 24 Feb. I717 inf. 
 
 Hesther, daughter, 19 June, 1726 inf. 
 
 William Randall, Gent 8 May, 1727 55 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Profession. 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Eurene. . 
 Hesther . 
 Catherine . . 
 
 Palmer, son, 29 
 
 Parry, son, 5 
 
 . > daughters . < 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Aug. 
 Aug. 
 Dec. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 1713 
 1728 
 1730 
 1704 
 1713 
 
 inf. 
 21 
 
 C 
 inf. 
 
 4 
 
 Epitaphs from Rudge. 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Nave. 
 
 Elizabeth, widow of Joshua 
 Head, Surgeon, of Lower 
 Slaughter, and dau. of the 
 Rev. Rob. Pyrke, Vicar of 
 Heath, co. Derby, 5 June, 1804 70 
 
 Isaac Thompson 25 Mar. I7S7 54 
 
 Noah Neale, of St. Martin's 
 Stamford Baron, Northamp- 
 tonshire, 2 Nov. 1779 39 
 
 Jane, his wife, 18 Feb. 1803 63 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter, 20 Jan. 1773 I3 
 
 Rose Britannia, daughter, . . 15 Apr. 17S6 10 
 
 Anne, wife of Thomas Rudge, 
 
 Attorney-at-law, &c East.Day, 1759 39 
 
 James their son. Coroner, 
 Proctor, Attorney-at-law, &c. 9 Jan. I786 34 
 
 Susannah, wife of Thomas . . 9 Dec. 1790 62 
 
 Mary Ann, wife of Lieut. Gar- 
 diner, dau. of the said James, 20 Jan. 1801 21 
 
 An infant son 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Mrs. Sarah Murcutt, widow, 
 
 sister of the said Susannah, 8 Jan. 1802 
 Sarah, wife of the said Tho- 
 mas, and sister of Colonel 
 
 John Barnes, 29 Aug. 1802 
 
 The above Thomas Rudge, 17 July, 1809 
 
 Mary, wife of Richard Clarke, 
 
 of the Precincts of Worcester 
 
 Cathedral, Gent 14 June, 1792 
 
 John Flay, a native of Wim- 
 
 pole, De\onshiie, a servant 
 
 of the Cathedral, . 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife, •^—— 
 
 Mary Bonnor, his daughter,. . 
 
 North Transept. 
 
 Mary, dau. of Thomas Morse, 
 
 of Dursley, Esq 12 June, 1788 
 
 Christian, youngest dau. of 
 James Erskine, Esq. of Can- 
 dross, CO. Perth, N. Britain, 
 died at Cheltenham, 19 May, 1805 
 
 Age. 
 
 84 
 
 62 
 83 
 
 41 
 
 86 
 
 28 
 
 ST. PETER'S CHURCH-YARD. 
 
 1. Sarah Wright, widow, gave several charities to this city, and died April 6, l6j2, 
 
 aged So. This tomb was erected by the Trustee, 1726. 2. Joshua Worrall, of 
 
 this city, died January 1, I726, aged 71. EHzabeth, his wife, daughter of Samuel Wil- 
 let ; died Jan. 30, l74.'')-6, aged 78. Also three Children of Joseph Worrall by Eliza- 
 beth, his wife: Ann, died April 24, 1696, aged 6 months ; Elizabeth, died July 11, 
 1712, aged 23^ years ; Joshua, died Feb. 19, 1 720, aged 30 years ; Mary, their daugh- 
 ter, died Jan. 26, 1 737-8, aged 40. Samuel Worrall, of this city, Alderman, died Dec. 
 17? 1745j aged 52. Mary, his wife, died April 20, 1757, aged 55. Elizabeth Coun- 
 sell, died May 7, I758, aged 33 ; Joseph Counsell, died Nov. 17, I759, aged 32. 
 George Worrall, of this city, pinmaker, died March 16, I75C, aged 53, Also six 
 
 Children
 
 PRIORY OF ST. OSWALD. 
 
 287 
 
 Children of George Worrall, by Mary, his wife : Elizabeth, died Dec. 14, 1733, aged 
 4 years 9 months; Joseph, d.July 18, 1734, a. 11 moiitlis 16 days ; Joseph, d. Oct. 
 24, 1741j a. 1 year 3 months 16 days; Thomas, d. March 18, 1747> a. 19 years 9 
 months, 7 days; Sarah, d. May 1, 1749, a. 5 years 3 months 25 days; George, d. 
 Oct. 2, 1756, a. 21 years 2 months 15 days. 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Profession. 
 
 .James Rogers 
 
 Mary, wife of VVm. Browning, 
 William Cook, maltster, .... 
 
 Sarah, his wife, 
 
 Elizabeth, their daughter,. . . . 
 
 William Cooke 
 
 Anne, his relict, 
 
 William Cooke, sexton, 
 
 William, his son, 
 
 William, son of William Cook, 
 
 of Farringdon, Berks, Gent. 
 
 Samuel Roberts 
 
 Hesther his wife, 
 
 W. Driver 
 
 James Wai'd, school-master, 
 
 Alice, his widow, 
 
 Frances, their dau. late wife of 
 
 Edw. Driver, 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 3 Apr. 
 
 1754 
 
 13 Sept. 
 
 1769 
 
 26 Feb. 
 
 1762 
 
 16 July, 
 
 1756 
 
 7 Apr. 
 
 1753 
 
 — Oct. 
 
 
 29 Feb. 
 
 17.7 
 
 29 Dec. 
 
 1746 
 
 10 Oct. 
 
 1747 
 
 17 May, 
 
 1746 
 
 10 Nov. 
 
 1746 
 
 17 Nov. 
 
 1764 
 
 21 May, 
 
 1760 
 
 29 June 
 
 ,1751 
 
 19 July, 
 
 1758 
 
 22 Sept. 
 
 59 
 35 
 66 
 64 
 21 
 44 
 
 84 
 57 
 
 6 
 
 52 
 63 
 
 17 
 69 
 
 78 
 
 46 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Thomas Murrell 
 
 Dorothy, his wife, 
 
 Elizabeth, wifeof Jas. Wintle, 
 Mary, wife of Anth. Gardiner, 
 Elizabeth, George, Anthony, 
 
 their Children, 
 
 Samuel Willet 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife, 
 
 George, their son, 
 
 Winifred, his wife, 
 
 Walter Winstone 
 
 Alice, his wife, 
 
 Hannah, their daughter, .... 
 
 Nich. Williams 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Nicholas 
 
 Williams, jnn 
 
 B . . . Dewes 
 
 Date of Decease. .\ge. 
 
 24 Nov. 1736 
 13 Nov. 1749 
 26 Oct. 1765 
 23 Apr. 1749 
 
 66 
 27 
 32 
 
 28 May, 
 
 1668 
 
 34 
 
 13 Mar. 
 
 1674 
 
 
 1 Jan. 
 
 16S9 
 
 24 
 
 28 Aug. 
 
 1687 
 
 
 17 June 
 
 1726 
 
 81 
 
 13 June 
 
 1701 
 
 55 
 
 25 Sept. 
 
 1710 
 
 23 
 
 26 Mar. 1645 
 3 July, 174s 
 
 PRIORY OF ST. OSWALD. 
 
 JOSCELINE, in the Hfe of St. Milburgh, says, that Penda, the famous King of the 
 Mercians, conveyed to Wulfer his second, and Merval his third, sons, the Western 
 part of the Mercian Kingdom, which they jointly governed. Penda had two other 
 sons, Peada and Ethelred, of which the former was King of the Southern Angles. 
 Wulpher, after a reign of twenty-nine years, turned Monk, and was succeeded by his 
 brother Ethelred. Kineburga and Kineswitha were sisters of these Princes. Mer- 
 val, a converted Pagan, married Domneva, daughter of Ermenred, King of Kent ; 
 and Josceline says, " They report, that the King and his royal consort [Merval and 
 Domneva] built the Monastery of St. Oswald's of Gloucester, in honor of the glorious 
 King and Martyr, which house was not only endowed with large estates, but so deco- 
 rated with ornaments, that from the abundance of these it is called golden by the 
 
 vulgar."
 
 288 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 vulgar." "1 This account is treated lightly by Bishop Tanner, but there are collateral 
 circumstances in its favour. The first foundation of St. Peter's Abbey was a Nun- 
 nery, apparently on account of this being a Monastery for the other sex, and the 
 Canonry was esteemed a free Chapel Royal, because an annexation to the Mercian 
 Palace, called the King's Hall. Bishop Tanner places this early presumed foundation 
 about the year 660. In the year 909, " in the reign of Alfred, (says William of 
 Malmesbury), his daughter Elfleda, with her husband Ethelred, founded a Monastery 
 with no parsimony of expence, and no want of necessaries, and transferred thither from 
 Bardney the relicks of King Oswald, because all Mercia obeyed their command. This 
 Monastery flourished till the time of the Danes, but the Monks being compelled to 
 fly by the force of hostility, whilst the Archbishop of York, by reason of filling the 
 See of Worcester, held the monastery, he received Canons; and Archbishop Thurstan 
 exhibited remarkable diligence, both in renewing the shrine of the Saint, and in en- 
 larging the Church, where, when the old foundations being disturbed, new ones were 
 laid, the sepulchres and bodies of both the married persons were found in the South 
 Porficvs." ^ 
 
 It is singular, that Malmesbury himself in another place, and other Chroniclers, 
 have erroneously placed this interment in St. Peter's Church f. 
 
 Thurstan, who was Archbishop of York from 11 19 to II40, allowed the heirs of 
 the Canons to receive one year's income of their prebends, except the deduction of a 
 third part for the fabrick s. He was also the builder of nearly the whole of the house ; 
 for it is said, the head of Oswald, King and Martyr, was buried at Durham ; the right 
 arm at Bebbabyrig ; and the rest of his body in the New Monastery at Gloucester^ ; 
 St, Peter's Abbey, as before shown, being styled Ealden-hume, or the Old Ahbeij. 
 
 During the Anglo-Saxon aera, when the ^Monastery seems to have had an intimate 
 connexion with the Mercian Palace, and the College devoted to the service of the Kings, 
 during their residence at Gloucester, its endowment appears to have been ample, for 
 the Canons complained, that Thomas, Archbishop of York, had given their estates' 
 
 d Leiand's Collec. III. 170. 
 
 e Script, p. Bed. 161. b. The word Porticus is u;ed, because the term Porticus is not at this oera pre- 
 sumed to a])ply to the Porch, but to a portion of the Cliurch, at the West end, separated from the Nave 
 by a row of columns. See Arrhctolugia, XIII. 290, seq. 
 
 f Fol. 25. b. in Scr. p. Bed. Ed. 1.59G. S Richardson's Godwin, p. GOO. ^ Lcl. Coll. III. 31S. 
 
 ' There is good reason to believe this from the following paragraph in the Chronicle of St. Peter's Abbey ; — 
 
 " Anno Domini 121S circa festum Michaelis conquicvlt lis quam Willelmus Prior Canoniconmi S'ci 
 Oswaldi movebat contra eccl'iam S'ci Petri Gloiic. super cccl'iam S'ci Joh'is ad portam Aquilonis, et capell' 
 S'ctieBiigidse, et terra' infra murum Abbic, a gardino reclft linea desccndcndo i)er Refectorium, Laniarium, 
 et Pistrinum, usque ad nmnmi novum proximum Sancto Oswaldo, ct super decimis Petri de \\d-X Regis et 
 Radulphi de Wylinton in Sandhurst, sell' III. garhil et super d'cis decimis n'tis de Abbelode. Temj)'e Hem i 
 Abb' et Waltri de Grey ar'c'pi Ebor", ct assignatus est rcdditus XX* versus aulara Regis eccl'ie S'ci Oswaldi 
 pro bono pacis." MS. Cult. Domit. A. I'lII. p. 132. The substance is, that in 12IS the Prior sued St. Peter's 
 Abbey for St. John's Church, at the North Gate, St. Bridget's Chapel, and land below the Abbey \\'all, de- 
 scending from the garden in a right line throuirh the Refectory, Larder, and Bakehouse, as far as the New 
 WM, ne.\t to St. Oswald's, and for certain tytlies in Sandhurst and Abbelode, all which was adjusted by 20i. 
 rent given to the Priory towards the King's Hall. 
 
 to
 
 PRIORY OF ST. OSWALD. 289 
 
 to St. Peter's Abbey in his pretended restitution''. The times were unfavourable to 
 Secular Priests, and the Priory was forced to yield to its lofty rival. In II53, Henry 
 Archbishop of York, introduced Regular Canons, and placed as Prior over them, Hum- 
 phry, a Religious of Lantony, and a man of letters '. 
 
 Bishop Tanner says, that it was a free Chapel Royal, exempt from the jurisdic- 
 tion of the Archbishop of Canterbury or the Bishop of Worcester. The fact is, that 
 several Archbishops of York were for a long period Bishops of Worcester™, in which 
 originated their interference at first with this house : and then only by sufferance of 
 the Crown ; for the Archbishop of York, claiming supremacy over the Bishop of Lin- 
 coln, the latter gave the King [William Rufus] 3000 marks to free his See from the 
 Archbishop, which was accordingly done, and this Abbey, with that of Selby, was in 
 compensation given to the Archbishop °. 
 
 In 1174, Richard Archbishop of Canterbury, coming to Gloucester, suspended the 
 Clerks and officials of this House, because they refused him the Canonical Obedience 
 paid by the other Clerks of the Province. On this account great discords ensued be- 
 tween the two Metropolitans. As usual, the Canons appealed to the Pope, and upon 
 the Legate's interference succeeded". 
 
 In 1217 Richard de Marisco was consecrated Bishop of Durham by Walter de 
 Grey, Archbishop of York, at this Priory p. 
 
 In 1241, 5 id. Jun. Nicholas de Fernham was consecrated Bishop of Durham here 
 by the Archbishop of York, in the presence of the King, Queen, and numerous Bishops. 
 The new Bishop did not sign the profession which he then made, only subscribed a 
 cross with ink, and delivered it to the Archbishop 1. This signature was symbolical of 
 the sacrament ; and ink is perhaps mentioned, because sometimes the pen was dipt in 
 the consecrated wine ■■. 
 
 In 1242 the Bishop of Worcester celebrated Ordination here ^ 
 
 The Prior was summoned to Parliament 21 Ed. HI '. 
 
 The Archbishops of York so impoverished this House, that it was valued only, at 
 the dissolution, at ^^85. 15*. ll|f/. " The Abbey, of which there are scarcely any 
 remains, appears to have consisted of the usual forms of a Church, with square Cloister 
 annexed, and offices. The Church-yard had a chapel of St. Michael ^ ; for in every 
 large cemetery was an altar to St. iMichael, who in every mass for the dead was named 
 SigniJ'er, from the Resurrection". The Church was destroyed by the besiegers' artil- 
 lery in the Civil Wars. 
 
 k W. Malmesb. Scr. p. lied. f. 161. ' Sim. Dunclm. in X. Sciiptor. '280. Lei. Coll. HI. 364. 
 
 "> Malmesbury gives the reason, de Gest. Pont. L. III. f. 153, 154. 
 
 " Annul. W'int. Angl.Sacr. I. 295. " Decern Scriptores, col. 1100, 1101, UCZ, 11C7. 
 
 P Angl. Sacr. I. 483. q M. Paris, 502. ' Dueange, v. Crux. 
 
 s Id. 1.491. t Harl. MS. 240. 
 
 " Rolls Brit. Museum. Of the estates, see Fosiroo/ce's G/ouf«ters/iire, I. IS.'i, seq. 
 
 » Glouc. Abb. Reg. B. N" 1020. MSS. Prinn. 
 
 " Cough's Sepulch. Monum. Intr. V. II. ccxxxvi. y Orig. 31 H. VIII. 
 
 PP The
 
 290 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 The site, with other estates, was granted to John Jennyns 31 Henry VlH.y, and 
 after a short possession by the Corporation ^, was devised by the grantee's son to a 
 daughter, wife of Kemp, and so to Kemp's daughter, wife of . . . Wright, whose son 
 had livery, 17 Elizabeth % since which it has passed through several proprietors. 
 
 LIST OF THE PRIORS, (from Furney and Rudge.) 
 
 1153. Humphrey. 
 
 1260. William. 
 
 1281. Rich, de Bachampton. 
 
 1289. GuiDO. 
 
 1289. Peter de Malburn, resigning, 
 
 1.301. Walter de Bingham, resigning 
 
 1310, 
 1310. Humphrey Lavynton, resigning 
 
 in 1312, 
 1312. John Ayshvvell, resigning the 
 
 same year, 
 1312. Rich. Kidderminster, removed. 
 
 1312. Ayshvvell, restored. 
 1352. William Heved. 
 1398. Thomas Dick. 
 1404. John Players. 
 1408. John de Shipton. 
 
 1433. John Suckley. 
 
 1434. John Higgins. 
 1447. John Inglis''. 
 1491. NicH. Falkner^ 
 
 1530. William Eylford, alias Jennens 
 or Gyffard, alias Jenings ^. 
 
 PRIORY OF LANTHONY. 
 
 THIS Monastery, though not within the city (properly speaking), was yet in the 
 suburbs. 
 
 Aversion from strangers is a natural suggestion of suspicion ; and, although hospi- 
 tality may be practised by barbarous nations, because they rear their own provisions 
 cheaply, through holding a small domain, the respective degrees of regard are founded 
 upon assimilation, or opposition of manners. The Welch to the present day like to live 
 within themselves, and behold strangers with dislike. Anciently they exhibited it by 
 serious aggressions : nor could they be reconciled ; for it was an old proverb to call a 
 hollow treaty, Welch and empty *". These attacks gave birth to the Priory of Lanthony. 
 In the year II03, William, a Knight of Hugh de Lacy, and Ernisi, a Chaplain of 
 
 z Hil. Recorda, 1 Ed. VI. 
 
 b Canon of Cirencester, collated by the Archbishop of York. 
 
 '' Canon of Lanthony, collated by the Archbishop of York. 
 
 '1 Resigning, he became a Monk of St. Peter's, and the first Dean. 
 
 a Sir R. Atkins, p. 1S8. 
 
 e Angl. Sacr. I. 510. 
 Maud,
 
 PRIORY OF LANTHONY. 291 
 
 Maud, wife of the Conqueror, resolved to lead an eremitical life at the exquisite spot of 
 Lanthony, in Wales, previously occupied by the famous David, and built a Church 
 there in the year lloS. Afterwards, by the persuasion of Ernisi, the society was col- 
 lected, and converted into a Monastery of Canons Regular. Upon the death of 
 Ernisi the first Prior, Robert de Betun succeeded ; but being promoted to the See 
 of Hereford, Robert de Braci was elected Prior. After the death of Henry I. the 
 Welcli, taking advantage of the wars of Stephen and the Empress Maud, proceeded 
 to kill, burn, and destroy. Bishop Robert Betun sent for the unfortunate Canons, and 
 temporarily provided for them a habitation, chapel, granaries, cellars, and other offices, 
 with suitable provision from the Episcopal revenues. In the mean while he sought 
 and found for them a place of habitation at Gloucester, under Milo the Constable. 
 He provided money for building ; and in the second year moved the Convent thither. 
 Thus William deWycumbe^; but the History of Lanthony states, that Milo the 
 Constable of Hereford, gave them a place out of Gloucester, called Hyde, which at the 
 consecration of the Church, in 1 136, was baptized Lanthony. Among other presents 
 Milo gave them a rich chalcedony s, gems in thoSe ages being deemed to possess 
 healing and even magical properties. This he gave on account of their having restored 
 the health of his son Roger ; and two years after they had another son, Walter, left 
 among them to heal'*. Thus it appears, that Monasteries were the hospitals of the 
 day; and though the cures were, from crafty purposes, generally ascribed to mira- 
 culous interference, yet the medical art, without doubt, really effected them. Medical 
 manuscripts, formerly belonging to Monasteries, are innumerable ; chiefly herbals, 
 urinary observations, and astrological regimina '. The Canons introduced, to the num- 
 ber of twenty, highly delighted with the fertile soil of their new habitation, transported 
 hither every thing valuable from Wales, even the bells. 
 
 Clement, the second Gloucester Prior, was an eminent man, and wrote a Comment 
 on the Gospels. He used to make all the Convent, leaving only thirteen at Gloucester, 
 reside in Wales by turns : and they who know the dissolute habits of the times, 
 owing to compulsory celibacy in the clergy, will not be surprized at the eulogy of the 
 author of the Register, " virgo Senex obiit." ^ 
 
 Milo, the founder, and after him several of his descendants, the Bohuns, were buried 
 at first in the Chapter House, (on account of superior honour and daily remembrance 
 in the office of the dead, usual in that place,) but the later branches in the Choir'. 
 
 William de Wycombe, author of the life of Robert de Betun, and once his Chaplain, 
 
 was made by the Bishop Prior in II37, but was removed by Roger Earl of Hereford, 
 
 for writing against his father, Milo, who had persecuted the Church. 
 
 • ' At the beginning of the thirteenth century, Roger de Norwich, Subprior of the 
 
 House, and afterwards Prior, being seized with a paralytick stroke in very old age, sent 
 
 f In vit. Rob. de Betun, Angl. Sacr. II. 312. g Lei. Coll. I. 35. 
 
 b Dugd. Monast. II. 6.^, 6G. 71. 
 
 ' By the way, some MSS. of this kind are in the Cliapter Library at Gloucester. 
 
 k Dugd. Monast. II. p. 66. ) Dugd. Monast. II. 60, seq. 
 
 for
 
 292 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 for a certain clerk of high reputation at Bristol, then living in the service of Robert 
 Harding, and famous for medical skill, whose name was Geffrey de Henlawe, and 
 loaded him with handsome presents. Roger, at his death, retained him with himself, 
 held Geffrey in the highest esteem, and upon his death-bed named him his successor, 
 and he accordingly obtained the Priory. This GeflTrey was occasionally physician to 
 Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, and so much in his confidence, that he was ap- 
 pointed, during a vacancy, to the custody of the See of St. David's, of which in 1203 
 he became Bishop'". The celebrated Giraldus Cambrensis had been elected to the 
 same See, but was denied confirmation through the Archbishop. A litigation of five 
 years ensued, during which a Monk, travelling all the way from St. David's to Glouces- 
 ter, thus addressed the Prior. " It is wonderful, that you, as is reported, should desire 
 and canvass for the poor See of St. David's, especially situate, as it is, in a barbarous 
 land, and among a hostile people; you, who are Prior of such a noble house, fortified 
 with excellent edifices, in a place so beautiful and pacific ; pleasantly planted with 
 fruitful vineyards, parks, and orchards." The Prior, however, succeeded, and was 
 loaded with obloquy by Giraldits, with which the present subject has no relation"; 
 except as showing the flourishing state of the house ; for a comparison is afterwards 
 drawn between Priories worth 500 marks a-year, and that poor See, scarcely endowed 
 with 20 ; and yet, says Giraldus, it was sought from ideas of rank. 
 
 It was a custom before Easter to light a large taper, representing the new light of 
 the Gospel, and parade it in procession. In the year 
 
 1301, by some awkwardness, or design, in the management, the paschal taper set 
 fire to the Church, and Jour Bell Toiocrs, with their bells, were burnt". Thus an- 
 ciently the bells were in great churches not hung in one tower. As Bishop Hooper 
 says that subscriptions for the repairs of Abbies were warmly supported, there is 
 good reason to think, that whenever Monasteries wanted a new fabrick, fires were de- 
 signedly made in order to found a plea for obtaining a collection P. 
 
 Another eminent Prior was Thomas de Elmeham, who wrote in I415 a Chronicle 
 from Brute to his own eera 1, and more especially a Life of Henry the Fifth ^ This 
 interesting Biographer states, that Henry was in his youth a capital runner, could kill 
 a hind, and play well upon the organ ' : that at the coronation dinner in Westminster 
 Hall, Earls and Nobles sat upon their chargers, haranguing the people to keep them 
 off, because the crowd was so great, that men on foot could not do it *. He ascribes 
 the cause of the flux in Henry's army to drinking after perspiration, or careless eating 
 of raw meat ^. In short, it is a very curious book ; and one extract more shall be 
 given to show the ancient forms of approaching the Presence. The governor of a town 
 in France had surrendered, and was ordered to take the keys to the King : " A tent 
 entirely of silk, of wonderful beauty, was erected in a plain, and the road by which 
 
 " Angl. Sacr. II. 322. 616. " Angl. Sacr. II. 616. " Angl. Sacr. I. 526. 
 
 p See British Monachism, pp. 273. New Edit. q MS. CoU. Claud. E. IV. as Wharton, 
 
 r Angl. Sacr. II. 322. s c. VI. p. 12. 
 
 t Tho. de Elmham, Vit. Hen. V. p. 23. " P. 44. 
 
 the
 
 PRIORY OF LANTHONY. 293 
 
 the keys were to be brought walled in on both sides by men in bright armour, the 
 King sitting at the upper end in high state, surrounded by his Nobles. A deputation 
 of eminent Englishmen then brought forward Sir Lionel Braguemont, governor of the 
 town, who \\\i\\ frequent gemiflexion, and due reverence, surrendered the keys to his 
 Majesty."* He wrote this Life both in prose and verse'', though Wharton says only 
 versed, and other works, still remaining in the British Museum. 
 
 Henry Dean, another eminent Prior, was successively Bishop of Bangor and Salis- 
 bury, from whence he was translated to Canterbury in 15OI. 
 
 One of the Priors, from fear of the usual inundations of the Severn, built a house 
 not far from the Priory, upon the site of which a modern seat, very conspicuous, is 
 erected, and called it New-Ark, from allusion to the deluge. 
 
 Very few classicks have been found in the Monastick libraries, but Leland saw here 
 an old copy of Terenee '. 
 
 Sir Arthur Porter obtained the grant ; and the daughter and heir general of that 
 family, marrying a Scudamore, the Priory has regularly descended from thence to the 
 Dowager Duchess of Norfolk. 
 
 The barn is the principal part remaining of the Abbey, and over the gateway are 
 the arms of the Bohuns. [_See the Plate.'] In digging the Berkeley Canal the foun- 
 dations of the old church were discovered, and some bodies disturbed, but no stones 
 appeared. They had been carried away at the dissolution, for then the tomb of Ann, 
 Countess of Stafford, and many others buried here, were lost *. 
 
 The endowment of this Priory was very considerable ; and as it is not given com- 
 pletely in Dugdale, will appear in the note below, extracted from the Register''. 
 
 * " Non absque genuflectione frequente, et debiti honoris impensa," &c. p. 48. 
 « FahvicW, Bibl. Med. ^vi. II. 282. y Angl. Sacr. II. 322. 
 
 « Collect. III. 159. ^ Cough's Sepulchr. Monum. II. 49. 
 
 •j In 140", John Bishop of Worcester visited tlie Priory of Lanthony, to the intent and purpose that 
 they might exhibit all benefits which then did appertain to tlieir Monastery ; and, in obedience to the 
 same visitor, they by their Proctor exhibit and say, that at this time they had and possessed the parish 
 Cliurch of St. Audoen's in Gloucester, with the Chapel within Gloucester Castle, St. Kyneburg of the same ; 
 in Heyhampsted, Quedesley and Elmore, depending on the same, and the Parish Churches of Payneswicke, 
 Tiderinton, Brokworth, Prestbui7, Sevenhampton, VVynricke, Berington Magna, Beryngton Parva, &c. 
 Harsfield with the tythes, and a yearly pension of Ss. to that Monastery, anciently due from the rectory of 
 the Chapel of Harscomb, and two jiarts of tlie Great Tythes of Colesbourne, and all great tythes from 
 divers lands of the same Monastery in the town and parishes of CoUcsborne, Turkdeane, .South Cerney, 
 and Southani, and all tythes of the demesne lands of Whaddon, Brockliirop, Leckhampton, Longford, and 
 Southam ; the same Monastery then had by right the yearly pensions following due to them, viz. from the 
 Church of St. Mary in the South of Gkiucester, 3s. ; All Saints in Gloucester, 2.?.; llodmerton, 40s. ; por- 
 tions of Vicars ministering in the same Churches only excepted. — Reg. Lanth.J. \ — 6. MSS. I'r'mn. 
 And by the same Registry it a]>pears, that they had besides Estates in, 
 
 Ailberton, Barton Lacy, Baldicote, Collesbourne, Eyhvortli, 
 
 Alvington, Balmiam, Cerney, Cannock, Falley, 
 
 Aure, Brockwortli, Chardsey, Cushope, Frome Canons, 
 
 Barington, Burghill, Chirinton, Dudston, Bishops, 
 
 Barington Par^a, Buckholt, CheltenJiam, Elkstone, Gloucester City, 
 
 Haresfield ,
 
 294 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 LIST OF THE PRIORS, (from Wharton and Willis.) 
 
 1178. 
 1203. 
 1214. 
 1218. 
 
 1285. 
 1289. 
 
 William de Wycombe Clement. 
 
 Roger de Norwich. 
 
 Geffrey de Henelawe. 
 
 Matthew, made Abbot of Bardney. 
 
 John, died 1240. 
 
 Godfrey, resigned 1251. 
 
 Everard. 
 
 Martin. 
 
 Roger de Godestre. 
 
 Walter. 
 
 John de Chandos. 
 
 Stephen, (as presumed.) 
 
 Philip, or Peter. 
 
 David. 
 
 1310. 
 
 1415. 
 
 1513. 
 1534. 
 
 Thomas de Gloucester, resigned 
 
 1301. 
 John. 
 
 Sim. Brockworthe. 
 Edward St. John. 
 William Cheritone. 
 William de Penebury. 
 Thomas Elmham. 
 Henry Dean, 1 Ed. IV. 
 Edward Forest. 
 Rich. Hempsted, or Hart, who 
 
 with 21 Canons, surrendered the 
 
 House in 1539. 
 
 BLACK FRIERS. 
 
 THIS House, according to Bishop Tanner, was founded about the year 1239, by 
 King Henry III. and Sir Stephen de Harnhuall. At first it was a very small House, 
 but enlarged iS Edward I.<= and 39 Ed. lll.^ Though the House had no rents, yet 
 there was an evasion of the rule that Friers should have no property, by their having 
 wardens let out upon lease. The form was a quadrangle, and is well delineated in 
 Stukeley, but now converted into habitations and workshops, exhibiting ))ointed 
 arches : but that part of the building which immediately adjoins the Church on the 
 West, appears to have been erected about the end of the 15th, or beginning of the iCth 
 century. Now it is observed, that the Church is entire, though modernized in the in- 
 terior, and has a kind of shrine, still preserved in the North Wall, and [had] several 
 
 Haresfield, 
 
 Hempsted, 
 
 Henlaw, 
 
 Kingsvvood, 
 
 Mattesden, 
 
 Monkmead, 
 
 Mordeford, 
 
 Mynty, 
 
 Netheruge, 
 
 Newent, 
 
 Newland, 
 
 Newton Sacy, 
 
 Prestbury, 
 
 Quedisley, 
 
 Redgrove, 
 
 Rockhampton, 
 
 Sevenhampton, 
 
 Staunton, near 
 
 Corse, 
 Staunton Lacy, 
 Southam, 
 Tyderington, 
 Tellington, 
 
 c Inq. ad quod dampn. 18 Edw. I. N" 116. 
 
 Webley, 
 
 Westbury, 
 
 Wiginsmore, 
 
 VViudrige, 
 
 Wales, 
 
 Ireland. 
 
 MSS. Prim. 
 J Pat. 39 Ed. III. 
 
 painted
 
 BLACK FRIERS. 295 
 
 painted bricks with the arms of Archbishop Dene, of the See of Durham, and more 
 frequently a bend cottised between six honcels, for Bohun (as benefactor), not six trees, 
 as has been erroneously pubhshed. 
 
 Immediately on the dissolution, a jiart of the building was converted into a mansion 
 house, and denominated BelVs Place, from the grantee. The circumstances attending 
 the dissolution of this, and the other houses of Friers, are thus detailed, in letters to 
 Lord Cromwell. 
 
 One Visitor writes thus: "He had beyn in Bristol at the Whyte fryers; and also 
 in ii bowses of Glowsetur ; and ther for the gret clamour that was for detts ther, I had 
 men assigned by the mayers of both towneys to praise such as was in thos iii howsys : 
 and sold all and payd the detts, as by my account it shall appear ; and the howsys 
 put in safe custody, till the king's plesure be farther knowyn ; the substans in y** more 
 parte of howsys is very small ; in dyvers placeys lytill more than the detts and clamor 
 of pore men to whom the moneye ys oweynge ys to tedyus, wherfore thys ordre I toke 
 tyll yo"' lettre cam specially, where that the detts were moch ; but nowe yat I knowe 
 you"' forther pleasur I shall folowe yowr comandcment so nere, as I can ; and accorde- 
 yng to yt I have begun with the grey fryers of Glowsetur." MS. Cott. Cleop. E. iv. 
 /. 251. 
 
 "This xxviii day of Julii in the xxx° yer of our most dred sovren Lord henry the 
 viii to Rychard byschop of Dovor and vesytor under the lorde privy selle for the kynges 
 grace, was in Glowsetur, and ther befor the meyar and aldermen in the howses of 
 freers ther at ii tymeys in ii days, putt the seyd freers att ther lyberteys whether they 
 void contynew in their howseys, and kepe ther relygyon and injunctions, according 
 to the same, or ellys gyfFther howseys into the kyngs hands : the injunctions he ther 
 declareyd among them ; the which war thowthe by the seyd meyr and aldermen to 
 be good and resonabull ; and also the sayd freers sayd they war according to ther 
 rewlys, yet as the worlde ys nowe they war not abull to kepe them and leffe in ther 
 howseys ; wherfore voluntarilye they gaffe ther howseys into the vesytor s hands to the 
 king's use : the vesytor seyd to them, thinke not, nor hereafter report not, that ye be 
 suppresseyd, for I have no such auctoritye to suppresse yow, but only to reform yow ; 
 wherfor, yfi" ye woU be reformed according to good order, ye may contynew for all 
 men: they seyd they war not abull to contynew; wherfore the vesytor tooke ther 
 howseys and charitably delivered them, and gaff them letters to vesyte ther frynds, or 
 so to goo to oder howseys ; with the whyche they war very well content, and soo de- 
 parted : thys whe the sayd meyar and aldermen testify by our hands subscribed. 
 
 Master William Hasaud, meyr. 
 
 Master William Mathew, alderman. 
 
 Master Thomas Bell, the elder alderman, 
 
 Thomas Payne, alderman." 
 
 "To
 
 296 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 " To my synguler goode lord Cromwell, lorde privy scale. 
 " I beseche you'' lordeschyppe to have dyscharge for theys fryers to change ther 
 apparell. 
 
 The blacke fryers of gloster : fryer William Plesans. 
 
 fryer John Raynolds, bachelor of dy- fryer Henry Birchwode. 
 
 y y ' ' " ■ The Grey Friers of Glosetur : 
 
 fryer Richard Bylond. j. William Lyghtfot'e. 
 
 fryer William Swan. . ^ j^^^ Barclaye. 
 
 fryer William Walton. e u i ^^ 
 
 •' fryer Henry Jaket. 
 
 fryer Raffe Howell. ^ ^^^^^^ Cop. 
 
 fryer Thomas Mekyns. ^^.^^^ j^^^ Kebull." 
 
 The Whyte of Gloster : MS. Cott. Cleop. E. iv./. 252, 3. 
 
 fryer Thomas Knight. 
 
 The grantee was Sir Thomas Bell, who immediately converted the house into a 
 manufactory, and employed there three hundred hands. The mansion-house is said to 
 have descended to Thomas Dennis, Esq. by marriage with one of Bell's wife's rela- 
 tions ; whereas Dennis of Gloucester married Jane daughter of Thomas Bell, 
 
 Mayor of that city«. The descendants of Dennis sold to Samuel Cockerell, of whose 
 family it was bought by John Bush, Esq. in 176S ; and after his death has passed suc- 
 cessively through Mrs. Leonora GifTard, Mr. Benjamin Sadler, John Elton, Esq. 
 John Parker, Esq. late of Hasfield, and Mr. Prosser, a large timber-merchant ^ 
 
 GREY FRIERS. 
 
 THE Priory of Lanthony conveyed to Thomas Lord Berkeley and William de 
 Cheltenham [his steward] in fee, ail John le Boteler's tenements in the South Street; 
 and this was the foundation of a House of Friers Minors by the said Lord, which 
 accordingly ensued, before (according to Bishop Tanner) the year 1 268 s. Some 
 time after William Gerrard gave them and the Abbey of St. Peter's jointly, a water- 
 course from Brerestlow Spring on Robin Hood Hill •>. These Houses received even 
 the most trifling benefactions. William de Beauchamp, who died 53 Henry HI., gave 
 a mark each to the Friers Minors and Carmelites of tliis city'. It was the rule of the 
 Lords Berkeley to pay their taxes, and send annually several quarters of wheat to this 
 
 e Pedigree in Harl. MSS. Visit. 1623. f Rudder and Rudge. 
 
 S Reg. Lanthon. f. 53. B. ^ Pat. 29 Edw. III. i Dugd. Baron. I. 227. 
 
 and
 
 GREY FRIERS. 297 
 
 and the other Frieries in the town, as well as wine, whenever they received ship-loads 
 from abroad, from a principle of the day, that such acts procured a divine blessing 
 upon themselves and family. The excellent lady of James Lord Berkeley, cruelly 
 murdered in Gloucester Castle, was buried here in 1452. This faithful wife, the 
 daughter of Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk and Earl Marshal, tramped about 
 London, sole solicitor in her husband's law-suits ; and was so reduced as to say in a 
 letter, "for the reverence of God send money, or else I must lay my horse to pledge, 
 and come home on my feete." She says that the great Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury de- 
 clared, " that he would never come to the King again till he had done her husband an 
 ill turn."'' She begins her letter, " Right Worshipful and Reverend Lord and Hus- 
 band;" and subscribes herself "Your Wife the Ladv of Berkeley;" by which we may 
 see that the most endearing connections did not supersede the stately forms of the 
 age. — To return: The interment of this lady occasioned such favour to the House, 
 that whereas it was described at the Dissolution "as a goodly House, much of it newly 
 builded, especially the Church, Choir, and Dortour, the rest small Lodgings," this new 
 building may be ascribed, in the main, to the bounty of this family, though Mr. Smythe 
 mentions only a donation 10 Hen. VHL from Maurice Lord Berkeley, of 6/. 13*. 4d. 
 per annum, to repair the Church, till it was finished; and he continued it till it was 
 actually completed ^ Eight years after, viz. 18 Henry VHL, "The Warden and Con- 
 vent did, by their deed, covenant and agree with Thomas [fifth] Lord Berkeley, and 
 on their conscience bynde themselves thenceforth to say, during the life of the said 
 Lord, for the soules of his father and mother, and for the soul of Maurice his late lord 
 and brother, and of Catharine late wife of his said brother, and for the soules of him- 
 self and of Alianor and Ciceley his wives, and for all Christian soules, theis divine ser- 
 vices ; viz. every Munday Placebo and Dlrige, with nine lessons; and every Tuesday 
 one Masse of Requiem ; and every Thursday Placebo and Dirige, with nine lessons ; 
 and every Friday a Masse of the five woundes, with this collect, Deus quijustijicas 
 impium: for which this Lord did covenant to pay to them 4/. by the year ; the one 
 half to the Warden, the other half for the Pitances of the Convent, to amend their 
 fare." "* 
 
 Archdeacon Furney says, " It is said that this Friery was in some measure under the 
 direction of the Warden of the Grey Friers of Bristol, but how far I cannot learn." He 
 did not recollect the usual institution of Generals of the Order, and Priors Provincial, 
 to which such a subjection must allude. 
 
 The site was granted, .35 Henry VTIL, to John Jennings"; and, after passing 
 through persons named Fowler" and Payne r, came to Thomas Pury, who in l6'30 
 conveyed it to the Corporation, under whom it is held in lease. The House formerly 
 part of the Grey Friers, inhabited by Massey during the siege, is the property of Wil- 
 liam Jones, Esq. and is now in the occupation of Mrs. Smith 1. 
 
 * Sniythe's Lives, MS. ' Sinytlio's Lives, MS. Cfi3. 
 
 "' Siuytlie's Lives, GO'3. A Piltancc was an ;illowance on one plate between two persons; a Commons, a 
 
 plate of tlie fare to each. See liriti:-!) Monaehisin. i> Orig. ii'-> Hen. VIII. 
 
 o Pascli, Rec. (J liliz. I' Mich. Itce. 14 Lliz. q Inform. Mr. Counsel. 
 
 Q, a Archdeacon
 
 298 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Archdeacon Rudge says, " It is probable that little alteration had been made in the 
 buildings [after the Dissolution], except the conversion of them into dwelling-houses, 
 till the time of the siege, when considerable damage was done by the King's artillery. 
 The Choir was, till some late alterations, so perfect in its exterior as to exhibit a very 
 fine specimen of the architecture of the fifteenth century ; the tracery of all the win- 
 dows was rich, but the East window, in particular, was large and beautiful, covering the 
 whole end of the building. The other building, of the same size and length, running 
 parallel with it, was probably the South Aile ; and the Prior's lodgings to the South of 
 that, connected by a gateway, over which a communication might be kept up with the 
 Church. In digging out the foundations for a house, at the West end, lately built by 
 Mr. Philo JMaddy, several corpses were found." 
 
 It is recorded that Mr. Justice Powell resided in this House ■■. In the following ac- 
 count is a trifling omission — as that he was a Baron of the Exchequer previous to his 
 promotion to the Common Pleas. 
 
 " Sir John Powell, an upright Judge, was a native of this city, which he represented 
 in Parliament in 1685. He was called to the coif in 16S6 ; appointed a Justice of the 
 Common Pleas in 1687; at which time he was knighted, and was removed to the 
 Court of King's Bench in the year following. He sat in that Court at the memorable 
 trial of the seven Bishops; and having declared against the King's dispensing power, 
 he was deprived of his office in 1688, but replaced by William III. in the Common 
 Pleas in 1695. Queen Anne advanced him to the Queen's Bench in I702, where he 
 sat until his death at Gloucester, on his return from Bath, June 14, 1713, far advanced 
 in life. He was reckoned a sound lawyer, and in private was to the last a man of a 
 cheerful facetious disposition. Swift, who met him at Lord Oxford's, calls him ' an 
 old fellow, with grey hairs, who was the merriest old gentleman I ever saw, spoke 
 pleasing things, and chuckled till he cried again.' In his time, the laws against witch- 
 craft being unrepealed, one Jane Wenman was tried before him, and her adversaries 
 swore that she could fly. ' Prisoner,' said our Judge, ' can you fly ?' ' Yes, my Lord.' 
 'Well then you may; there is no law against flying'."' This anecdote is familiar, 
 with additions. 
 
 The building is now converted into dwelling-houses and manufactories, in the pos- 
 session of Mrs. Gocdyer, Mr. Maddy, and Mr. Linton ; and on the ground which is 
 called by Corbett the Frier's Orchard, a handsome house was erected by the late Sha- 
 drach Charlton, Esq. afterwards purchased by the late Mr. Trye, of high eminence. 
 
 " Charles Brandon Trye, a learned Surgeon, was descended from the ancient family 
 of Trye of Hardwicke in this county, through whom he was denominated Charles 
 Bra/?c?o», the famous Duke of Suffolk being allied to that family. He was born Au- 
 gust 21, 1757; educated under Mr. Russel of Worcester, next, the famous John 
 Hunter, and afterwards assistant to the scientific Sheldon. In 1797 he succeeded to 
 the manor and principal estate of Leckhampton, near Cheltenham, under the will of 
 
 r He is also said to have resided in the house lately occupied by Mr. Raikes, in the South-Gate Street, 
 s Chalmers, XXV. 248. 
 
 Henry

 
 GREY FRIERS.— WHITE FRIERS. 299 
 
 Henry Norwood, Esq. He married Mary eldest daugliter of the Rev. Samuel Lysons, 
 Rector of Rodmarton (sister of the celebrated Antiquarian Brothers), by whom he left 
 three sons and five daughters. Of his high eminence as a Surgeon it is unnecessary to 
 speak; but he was a good Classick, and extremely useful in various undertakings of 
 national concern. The Vaccine he liberally adopted and promoted from the first." * 
 
 WHITE FRIERS, or COLLEGE OF CARMELITES. 
 
 BISHOP TANNER ascribes the foundation of this House to Oucen Eleanor, Sir 
 Thomas Gifford, and Sir Thomas Berkeley, or the last alone, some time in tlie reign 
 of Henry III., in or soon after the year 1269. It was at first a small House; for it 
 was afterwards enlarged by grant of a curtilage and viuei/ard^\ It produced some 
 eminent men, especially Nicholas Cantelow, or Cantelupe, of Gloucester, because he 
 perhaps first took the religious habit in this House. He was of Welsh extraction, ac- 
 cording to Leland, and of the same family as the famous Bishop Thomas de Cante- 
 lupe". Fahr'ic\us caWs h\m"^nglus BristoUensis" i [an Englishman of Bristol.] His 
 learning was various; but he directed his chief attention to divinity, and the praise of 
 his order. In his middle age he was Warden of this House, and much patronized by 
 Humphry the good Duke of Gloucester ; but died Prior of Northampton in Septem- 
 ber 1441 '. His chief works consist of a Chronicle of the Foundation of Cambridge * ; 
 and another, which contains the odd remark, " that no nation is more covetous than 
 Jews or Romans ;" but he affirms " that Claudius Caesar built Gloucester." ^ 
 
 Among the eminent Literati of the fifteenth century, says Holinshed, was David 
 Bois, born in W^ales, a Carmelite Frier, professed in this citj', and D. 1)."^ His prin- 
 cipal works chiefiy consist of mystical divinity, one being a tract " Of the double Im- 
 mortality of Man." He died Prior of this House about the year 1451, and was buried 
 here''. The most memorable fact concerning him is the illustration, which his life 
 furnishes, of the then unsettled state of surnames. Leland, Bale, Pitts, and others call 
 him Boifs ; Ilarpsfield, liais ; and others Boet/iiu.s'^. 
 
 The House, however, was in decay at the time of the Dissolution, and had then 
 only three Friers. 
 
 The House and adjacent land were granted, 3J Henry VIH., to Richard Andrews 
 and Nicholas Temple, who sold them soon afterwards to Sir Thomas Bell, by whom 
 they were applied towards the support of St. Kyneburgh's Hospital. 
 
 ' C'lialiners, XXX. p. .51. " l':it. 14 KcKv. 11. « Ltl. ile Sciiptor. p. 4451. 
 
 y Bibl. Meil. JEv. I. 90S. " Lei. and I";ibiic. lib. siipr. ■' Piiblijhed by Hearne witli Sprott. 
 
 *) P. 1, 2, MS. Colt. Calig. A. III. in which MS. he is tleiioiiiinatcii Nicholas of (.loiicoster. 
 c in. 275. <1 Lei. de Scriptor. 454. « Fabric. Bibl. Med. .'Ev. II. 43. 
 
 Great
 
 300 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Great part of the Friery seems to have been destroyed about the year I567; yet in 
 the reign of Queen Elizabeth several of the buildings belonging to it remained ; and 
 the House of Correction for the County of the City was appointed to be kept in some 
 part of them. Some of the materials were used in the civil wars in the fortification of 
 the City ; and others, called the Founder's Lodgings, were converted into a barn, 
 which proved very useful to the City at the siege '. As the site, however, cannot now 
 be distinguished, it is fit to note, that the House stood without the Lower North 
 Gate, not far from Brook Street, towards the West end of a meadow still called the 
 Friers' Ground ; for which the Corporation pay to the Crown a yearly quit-rent of 
 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOLS. 
 
 IN Old Smith Street there was an ancient School, given by Henry II. to the Priory 
 of Lanthony, the Master of which received 40 pence per quarter, in money of the 
 day, for each child. Archdeacon Furney calls this a Grammar School, which (how- 
 ever correct be the term) conveys an idea that the course of instruction was similar to 
 that now used in seminaries so denominated ; but it was not similar. Higden, as 
 translated by John deTrevisa, says, "Children, that gon to scole, learne to speke first 
 Englysshe, and then be compelled to constrewe her [their] lessons in Frenssh ; and 
 that have ben usyd syn the Normans come into Englond. Also gentilmen's children 
 ben lerned and taught from theyr yougthe to speke Frenssh. And uplondyssh men 
 will counterfete and liken himselfe to gentilmen, and arn besy to speke Frenssh for to 
 be more sette by. Wherefore it is sayd, by the comon proverbe, Jache ivolde be a 
 gentleman, if he coude speke Frensshe." To which John de Trevisa, his translator, 
 adds : '' This manner was moche used tofore the grete deth [either in 1349 or 1361], 
 but syth it is some dele chaunged. For Sir John Cornvayl, a Mayster of Gramer, 
 chaun<red the techins in Gramer Scole, and construction of Frensshe ; and other Scool- 
 maysters use the same way now [13S5], and leve all Frenssh in scoles, and use al 
 construction in Englysshe. Wherein they have avantage one way ; that is, that they 
 lerne the sonner theyr Gramer; and in another, disadvantage; for nowe they lerne no 
 Frenssh, ne conne none, which is hurte for them that shall passe the see; and also 
 gentilmen have moche lefte to teche theyr children to s|)eke Frenssh." "^ They had 
 also to learn the Psalter by heart, and were tuuglit to sing. As to Arithmetick, for 
 want of the Arabick numerals, it was only acquired by counters'. Two very singular 
 customs, now exploded, shall also be mentioned. Children were first sent to school in 
 
 f Corbett. c Rudge. 
 
 h Printed by Caxton, and quoted in Kippib's Biographia Britannica, \o\. HI. [i. 351. 
 
 ' Dec. Scri|)tore3, 243'2. — Chaucer. — British Monachisiii, &c. 
 
 tlie
 
 GRAMMAR SC H OO L S. — C R YPT SCHOOL. 301 
 
 the beginning of Spring ; and on this night our earUer ancestors used to ask them in 
 their sleep, whether they had a mind to book or no? If the answer was favourable, 
 it was a good presage ; if not, they turned them over to the plough ''. After tobacco 
 came into use, the children carried pipes in their satchels with their books, which 
 their mothers took care to fill, that it might serve instead of breakfast. At the accus- 
 tomed hour every one laid aside his book and lit his pipe, the master smoking with 
 them, and teaching them how to hold their pipes, and draw in the tobacco. At this 
 aera people even went to bed with pipes in their mouths, and got up in the night to 
 light them '. 
 
 To return. Only 12(1. a quarter was paid for the schooling in 1409 ; which, taking 
 the then average price of wheat, 6d. a bushel, was not far from the modern cost, ex- 
 clusive of board. In the time of Henry VI. it was still used as a school by one Sir 
 William Chaplain, a title then given to the ungraduated Clergy, now in Universities 
 to Bachelors of Arts, and inferior to Master and Doctor. In 1535 the House was 
 void, and had been let by the Priory for 13*. 4d. a year. 
 
 Archdeacon Rudge supposes that Haymo Glocestrius, a very eminent secular priest, 
 was Master of this School about 1 iGo ™. 
 
 One Roger occurs Rector of the Schools in 1209 ; and Andrew Home, who wrote a 
 Chronicle of Gloucester, now lost, is expressly mentioned by Bale as having been a 
 scholar of this House. He lived about the year 1320, and, besides this Chronicle, 
 wrote a work intituled Speculum, or Summa Justitiariorum, published in French at 
 London 1642, and in English in 1646, 8vo. He speaks in this work about removing 
 the apocryphal books of Tobit, Judith, Maccabees, and Ecclesiasticus, from the Bible". 
 
 CRYPT SCHOOL. 
 
 "THE Free Grammar School of St. Mary de Crypt, standing upon the West part 
 of St. Mary's Church-yard, was, (says Archdeacon Furney) in pursuance of the last 
 will of Alderman John Cook, dated May 11, 15^8, erected by his widow, Joan Cook, 
 who is said, in an. old book in the custndi/ of the City, to have taken the ring and 
 mantle, and thereupon became a ladi/." The meaning of this is, that she took upon 
 her the vow of chastity, and thus becoming partially a nun, was denominated Dame. 
 It appears, from the Miller's Wife in Chaucer, that education in a nunnery was pre- 
 sumed to confer a right to the title of Madam, and nuns were stiled Dames °. Dame 
 
 k Hawkins's Musick, II. 5. ' Antiquarian Repertory, 11. \>. 99. 
 
 n> Of him see Gir. Cainbrcns. Specul. Eccles. II. 34. Bale, X. 57. Pits, ]). 861. 
 
 u Fabric. Bibl. Med. JEyi. 1.244. " Lysonss Britannia, I. S^. 
 
 Joau
 
 302 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Joan Cook became what was called a vidua puUata, or mourning widow. The can- 
 didate solicited the Bishop for a commission to take upon her the vow. The Bishop 
 or his Deputy, in a church or chapel, received the vow " to be chaste from henceforth 
 during life," then solemnly consecrated and put upon her the mantle and ring." p 
 Alms-houses and other charitable institutions were also placed near churches, from 
 obvious religious motives. On Sept. 6, 1539, King Henry VHI., for the sum of 
 ^.256. 6s. 8d., granted to Dame Joan Cook in fee lands which had fallen to the 
 Crown by the dissolution of the Priory of Lanthony; and these lands she conveyed to 
 the Corporation in trust for the foundation of this School, and other charitable pur- 
 poses'!. An attempt was made by one William Massinger to recover the estates to his 
 own use, but he was defeated by a decree in Chancery in I552. Many improvements 
 have been made in the School and Schoolmaster's House of late years. On the East 
 side the ancient windows still remain ; but in front all is modern, except the pointed 
 gateway, on the South side of which are the ancient City Arms, engraved on the seal 
 used in the time of King Edward HI. John Coke and Dame Coke were buried in 
 Crypt Church ; but no memorial remains ; the effigies and inscription, which were of 
 brass, having been taken away. This fact confers no honour upon the Corporation, 
 and Schoolmaster of the time when this mischief ensued. 
 
 Several eminent men have been Masters, Ushers, or Pupils ; doubtless many more, 
 from the Biograpliical Works not specifically mentioning their places of education, 
 than can be here recorded. 
 
 P British Monachiooi, p. 510, new edit. 
 
 1 Tlie lands are specified to lie in Bentham, Brockworth, Badgewoith, Widcomb, Minsterworth, Rodley, 
 Bully, Standisl), Ebly, and Stonehoiise, and manor of Poddesmedd, and the tithes of all tlie premises, as 
 fully as they came to the Crown by the dissolution of the Priory of Lanthony. Thus MSS. Prinn ; but 
 Furney adds, in the Conveyance to the Corporation, furthei estates in Elmore, Be/if/ei/ [qu. for Bully ■], 
 Oxhnchj VVestbury, and Claxhill — the rents of Podsmede, Hempsted, and Elmore,, to provide a Master, to 
 be chosen by the Mayor, Recorder, and two senior Aldermen. The proceeds fiom the estates in Glou- 
 cester, Badgeworlh, Bentham, and Brockworth, to pay the poor of Bartholomew's 3s. 4d. a week , and the 
 surplus to repair the School-house J the rents of the remaining estates to be laid out on the West-Gate 
 Bridge and Over Causeway. The Mayor, Recorder, and two senior Aldermen, the two Sheritfs, the Town 
 Clerk, the four Stewards, the Sword-bearer, the four Serjeants at Mace, and the five Porters at the Gates, 
 are to survey the School-house e\cry year, between Easter and Whitsuntide, and cause all necessary repairs 
 to be made; the Mayor to have 4s.; Recorder 3s. 6d.; each Alderman 2s. ; each Sheriff 20d. ; Town Clerk 
 I6d. ; Stewards and Sword-bearer 12(f. each ; Serjeant 8d. ; and Porter 4d. Corporation of Worcester ap- 
 pointed visitors to see that the trust is faithfully executed by the Mayor, &c. of Gloucester. Last visit made 
 in 1728. In 1811 Alderman Laurence Wiltshire gave 100/. for the establishment of an Usher [an appoint- 
 ment which ceased since 1*37]; and George Townshend, Esq. in 1GS3 gave two perpetual Exhibitions for 
 the support of two Exhibitioners, for eight years, to Pembroke College, Oxford; election in the Mayor, six 
 senior Aldermen, and School-master. One Exhibitioner is now elected every four years ; and the Exhibi- 
 tion, through increase of value in the estate at Aston Blank, co. Gloucester, is worth more than 50/. per 
 annum, %vith the chance of presentation to the livings of Coin Brook and Uxbridge. The School-master's 
 stipend is, or recently was, 30/. per arm. 
 
 MASTERS.
 
 CRYPT SCHOOL. 
 
 303 
 
 MASTERS. 
 1547. John Distele. 
 1551. Thomas Rowland. 
 1553- Nicholas Oldswokth, Rector of 
 
 St. Michael. 
 1553' Richard Hewis. A long vacancy ; 
 
 several persons assisting in the 
 
 office. 
 1558. Hugh Walker. 
 1576. Furnetj. ") Gregory Dovvnhall, or 
 
 1578. Rudge. J Downer. 
 
 1579. Edmund Cuvley. 
 1581. Alexander Relshire. 
 
 1583. Henry Aisgill. [5'ee Prebenda- 
 ries.] 
 1589. William Grove. 
 
 1612. Flovde, removed. 
 
 1629. John Rird, removed 1641. 
 1641. John Riddle, removed 16^2. 
 1645. James Allen, the Usher. 
 164J. John Cooper. 
 1652. Thomas Revan. 
 
 1652. Nicholas Tailer. 
 
 1653. William Rawlins. 
 
 1654. Francis Stedman. 
 1658. Abraham Heague. 
 
 1696. John Grubb. 
 
 1697. William King. 
 
 1711. Philip Collier, removed 1719. 
 
 1719. Richard FuRNEY. 
 
 1724. DANiELRoND,Usher,Vicarof Leigh. 
 
 Dying 1750, 
 1750. Thomas Gardiner, died 1788. 
 1788, Thomas Rudge, R.D. [See Arch- 
 deacons.] Resigning in 1802, 
 1802. RichardSollowaySkillerNjA.M. 
 
 the present Master (18 1 8). 
 
 USHERS. 
 1613. Edward Rarwell, Incumbent of 
 St. Mary de Crypt. Resigning, 
 
 1628. Jonathan Rullocke, Incumbent 
 
 of St Mary de Crypt. 
 
 1629. Robert Rird, removed 1629. — 
 
 A long vacancy. 
 
 1640. John Corbet, Incumbent of St. 
 Mary de Crypt, one of the City 
 Lecturers. 
 
 1643. John Allen. 
 
 1648. Thomas Smith. Resigning, 
 
 1652. Abraham Heague ; made Master. 
 
 1656. Isaac Heague, Rector of Huntley. 
 Resigning, 
 
 1668. William Wood. 
 
 1670. Oliver Gregory, made Master of 
 the College School. 
 
 1673. Thomas Tippett, Rector of Knoll 
 Parva, co. Wilts, and Prebendary 
 of Sarum. Resigning to become 
 Usher of the College School, 
 
 1675. Thomas Merret, Perpetual Curate 
 of Rarnwood. Dying, 
 
 1708. Daniel Rond. Resigning, 
 
 1724. John Gegg. Resigning, 
 
 1727. Henry Church, Rector of St. 
 Michael. Resigning, 
 
 1733. James CoMMELiNE, Vicar of Hares- 
 field. Resigning, 
 
 1737- Thomas Gardiner. 
 
 No Usher has since been appointed. 
 
 One Master of this School was the noted Socinian writer, John Riddle. He was 
 born in I615, at Wotton-under-Edge, and educated at the Free School in that town. 
 Reing a promising youth, he was noticed by George Lord Rerkeley, who made hini 
 an allowance of lo/. a-year. While at this School he translated Virgil's Eclogues, and 
 
 (1 a 4 the
 
 304 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 the two first Satires of Juvenal, into English verse, both which were printed at London 
 in 1634, in Svo. In 1634 he was sent to Oxford, and entered at Magdalen Hall. 
 Before he had taken his degree of Master of Arts, he was invited to be Master of the 
 School of his native place, but declined it. May 20, 1641, he compleated the said 
 degree; and the Magistrates of Gloucester having chosen him Master of the Free 
 School of St. Mary de Crypt, he went and settled there, and was much esteemed for 
 his diligence. Taking it into his head, though man cannot understand his own na- 
 ture, much more that of God Almighty, that he was justified in denying the divi- 
 nity of the Holy Spirit, the rest of his days were passed in misery and imprisonment, 
 it being the rule in those times to persecute for folly, however manifest^ By his last 
 confinement he contracted a disease, which put an end to his life Sept. 22, 1662, in 
 47th year of his age'. 
 
 John Corbet, a Nonconformist Divine, of considerable note, the son of a mechanic 
 at Gloucester, was born in that city in 1620, and after being educated at a Grammar 
 School there, became a batler of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in 1636, and in 1639 was 
 admitted B. A. After taking orders he preached at Gloucester, and afterwards became 
 Rector of Bramshot in Hampshire, from which he was ejected in 1662. He lived 
 privately in London, and its neighbourhood, until King Charles II. 's indulgence, when 
 a part of his congregation invited him to Chichester, where he preached among them, 
 and had a conference with Bishop Gunning on the topics which occasioned his Non- 
 conformity ; but Corbet was too closely attached to the principles which prevailed 
 during the Usurpation to yield in any point to the discipline of the Church. He died 
 Dec. 26, 1C80. Baxter, who preached his funeral sermon, gives a very high opinion 
 of his learning, piety, and humility. He wrote many practical tracts, one of which, 
 entitled " Self-employment in Secret," was some years ago reprinted by the Rev. Wil- 
 liam Unwin [Cowper's friend], Rector of Stock cum Ramsden, in Essex. Corbet's 
 most curious work is " The Historical Relation of the Military Government of Glou- 
 cester from the Beginning of the Civil War to the Removal of Col. Massie to the 
 Command of the Western Forces," 1645, 4to. The state of religious parties is well 
 illustrated in another work, entitled " The Interest c.f England in the Matter of Reli- 
 gion," 1661, Svo. Corbet had also a considerable share in compiling the first volume 
 of Rushworth's " Historical Collections."' . 
 
 Such parts of his " Historical Relation" as belong to the City, are reprinted at the 
 end of this V^olume. 
 
 John Grubb, once Master of this School, was born at Acton Burncll in Shropshire, 
 in the year l64j, and was of Christ Church, Oxford. Every body has read Percy's 
 Ballads, and must recollect the humourous ditty of St. George and the Dragon, with an 
 account of the Author prefixed. His epitaph describes him as a man of festive suavity, 
 of genius, simplicity of manners, warm aflection to his relatives, and benevolence to 
 
 ' Whoever will read Barrow's Sermon upon the Holy Spirit will see that no denial of its divinity can pos- 
 sjbly be made with any regard to the palpable meaning of Scripture. 
 
 s Chalmers, V. 24^. t Chalmers, X. 245. 
 
 all.
 
 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 305 
 
 all. He was a considerable linguist, and very successful in the task of instruction. 
 He died here April 2, 1697, in the 51st year of his age, and was buried in the middle 
 chancel of St. Mary de Cript. 
 
 John Lightfoot, a distinguished botanist, son of Stephen Lightfoot, of Newent, 
 was born there in I735 ; educated at this School, and one of its Exhibitioners at Pem- 
 broke College, Oxford. He took the degree of M.A. in I766, and was first ap- 
 pointed Curate at Coin-brook, afterwards at Uxbridge, which he retained to his dying 
 day. Lord Chancellor Northington presented him to the living of Shelden, in Hants ; 
 but being Chaplain to the Dowager Duchess of Portland, he was presented by the 
 Duke to Gotham and Sutton, in Lownd, co. Nottingham, upon which he resigned 
 Sheldon. He was for some years F. R. S. and became F. L. S. but died aged 53, in 
 1788. He collected an excellent British Herbarium, now at Frogmore, and pub- 
 lished a Flora Scotica, which Mr. Pennant edited at his own expence ^. 
 
 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS ENDOWED. 
 
 Name and Description. 
 
 Bartholomew's 
 Alms-house. 
 
 Fuuiiders. 
 
 ■) Henry III. 
 
 J I (See Remarks.) 
 
 Kyneburgh's Alms-T LSir T. Bell. 
 
 house. 
 
 St. Mari^aret's, ori 
 ginally Lepers 
 now Alms-house 
 
 J '(See Remarks.) 
 
 ""-\|Un 
 
 '' (I I 
 use. J 
 
 known, but 
 before 1158. 
 
 School. 
 
 '} 
 
 'Priory of 
 Lanlhony: 
 rcfoundcr 
 
 ^ James I. 
 
 St. Mary Magdalen"; 
 Alms-house. 
 
 Hiirs Houses, demo- 
 lished with the 
 South Gate, and 
 the Poor removed. 
 
 Blue School Charity 1 Sir Tho. Rich, 
 
 Bart. 1666. 
 
 Objerls and 
 Number v( Persons. 
 
 Allowance. 
 
 'Indigents above 
 the age of b'i 
 Q^Men, 36 
 
 ^ Women. 
 
 • 6 Indigents. 
 
 \ S poor Men. 
 
 10 Men, 9 
 
 Women. 
 
 { 
 
 20 Boys between 
 10 and 16 
 years old. 
 
 Lodging and 4s. 6d. 
 per week. 
 
 r Lodging Is. 6(/. 
 J weekly, and 6d. 
 
 [_ (puirterly. 
 
 C4s. per week ; be- 
 < sides 9s. at Xmas. 
 
 L 5s. at Midsr. 
 
 3s. per week, 9s. 6d 
 at Midsr. for coal, 
 
 } 
 
 Lodging, Cloath- 
 ing. Board, &c. 
 
 Trustees. 
 
 > Corporation 
 
 I Do. 
 I Do. 
 
 } 
 
 Do. 
 
 } 
 
 Do. 
 
 Officers. 
 
 > Chaplai 
 
 am. 
 
 Offices 
 > held in 
 unison. 
 
 f School- 
 1 master. 
 
 Bartltolmnews. — When the Westgate Bridge was building, Nicholas Walred Capcl- 
 lane, the architect, formed the workmen into a College of Hermits, who were after- 
 wards incorporated into a regular form : one Nicholas Myparty, a burgess, first build- 
 ing them a dwelling, and King Henry HI. endowing the House. '1 he Churches of St. 
 Nicholas and Newnham, with other j)roj)erty, were given to them, ^ueen Elizabeth 
 refounded it ; and it is still a magnificent thing of the kind, and rebuilt as a handsome 
 
 Chalmers, XX. 255. 
 R R 
 
 Pseudo.
 
 306 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Pseudo-Gothic building. The earlier Priors were men of consequence in the county. 
 One of these was Thomas Sternhold, translator of the Psalms. Of the Records, &c. see 
 Diigd. Monast. II. 456. Furney, and Fosbroolce's County History. 
 
 Kyneburglis. — The Chapel being part of the original endowment of Lanthony 
 Priory, it may be inferred,' that the foundation of that is prior to the Conquest. There 
 only however remains a sepulchral effigy of a young female, certainly not Kyneburgh, 
 who died in years, nor is the figure in monastick costume. Humphrey de Bohun, 
 patron of Lanthony, eighth of the name, had two daughters, who died quite young, 
 Margaret and Isabella; and from the connection of that great family with Lanthony 
 (where they mostly were buried,) it is probable that one of these young ladies was in- 
 terred here, in consequence of which this Chapel was rebuilt or repaired : at all events, 
 the figure belongs to no obscure person. Sir Thomas Bell made additions to the 
 building, on the East end, distinguished by a mutilated coat of his arms, and T. B. 
 
 St. Margaret's. — From the ancient frequency of leprosy, houses of this kind 
 were numerous, and placed out of the town ; for, to prevent contagion, the lepers 
 were obliged to carry a cup and clappers, i. e. a sort of rattle, which they shook, that 
 nobody should touch them (Ducange, v. Scandellce, Tabulce Leprosorum.J Some 
 Topographers say, that lepers used to attend markets with a clap-dish, to beg corn 
 (Izache's Exeter, p. 11, Phillips s Shrewsbury, p. II6) ; but either they mistake the 
 object of the instrument, or there were both a clapper and dish. It always appears 
 to have been a joint pest-house for lepers belonging both to the Abbey and Corpora- 
 tion. The old hall, turned into a barn in I588, was much damaged at the siege, by 
 becoming quarters for the King's troops. In an inventory of the Hospital goods, taken 
 in 1603, is " One cornewayne and one dungwayne, tcitJi one pair oj' ironbound 
 tvheels." Whether it was the custom to keep only one pair of wheels for two vehicles, 
 the Author does not know ; but in the Leet Presentations of the Corporation, held 
 temp. Hen. VII. is an enactment against carts entering the city not having wheels bound 
 with iron. Another item consists of a pewter candlestick. Nothing of the kind is 
 now known. 
 
 St. Mary Magdalen's. — The Managers of the House appear to have been only 
 Bailiffs or Farmers. One Stephen Rich occurs 25 Hen. IV. He obtained from the 
 King for himself, and the brethren and sisters, a pardon for all offences committed be- 
 fore Dec. 8, 1414. He had been, no doubt, concerned in some insurrection or assist- 
 ance on the side of Richard II. and it was usual, as soon as the successful King was 
 seated on the throne, to depute noblemen and others, with power to grant pardons to 
 inferior rebels". Two other Priors, William Organ and Thomas Wilse, are denomi- 
 nated Husbandmen, by which term we usually understand persons of mere agricultural 
 vocation. In the Poll Bill of Ireland, anno 1661, are these items : — 
 
 " Every Veomun or chief Farmer shall pay seven shillings. 
 
 " Every Husbandman or petty Farmer, three shillings '. 
 
 " See Harl. MS. 6079. » Mercur. Public. Feb. 28 to March 7, 1661. 
 
 Blue
 
 EPITAPHS IN ST. MARGARET'S. 307 
 
 Blue School. — Blue was the colour in which the Gauls cloathed their slaves?, and 
 from hence for many af^es, blue coats were the liveries of servants and aj3prentices, 
 even of younger brothers^. Hence the proverb in Ray, "He's in his better blue 
 clothes ; i. e. thinks himself very fine''; and strumpets doing penance in blue gowns''. 
 This School has been recently rebuilt in excellent taste ; so as to be a town ornament. 
 
 Ample details of these Hospitals having been given in the Author's County His- 
 tory, they are not reprinted. 
 
 EPITAPHS IN ST. MARGARETS AND ST. MAGDALEN'S. 
 
 St. Margaret. 
 
 1. Arms: Argent, on a bend cottised a rose between two fleurs de lis, between two 
 roses Gules ; on a chief Sable a lion passant Or. In this tomb is deposited the body of 
 Miss Sarah Huyward, tlic much lamented daughter of Mr. Alderman John Hayward, 
 of the City of Gloucester. She died Nov. If,, 1749, aged 33 years. Also the body of 
 John Hayward, Esq. Alderman, and twice Mayor of the City of Gloucester. He died 
 Oct. 27, 1758, aged 72. For the perpetual support of this tomb, and for the benefit of 
 the eight poor men of this Hospital, Mr. Alderman John Hayward has given to the 
 Corporation of Gloucester in trust, out of his lands at Ridmarly, in the county of Wor- 
 cester, forty shillings a-year, to be equally divided between them on Christmas-day for 
 ever. And also upon Lady-day, I770, and at every five years' end for ever after. He 
 further gives in trust to the said Corporation, out of the same lands, the sum of fifteen 
 pounds, for painting with white lead and oyl, all the stone-plaistering and iron work 
 upon and about this tomb, for new blacking the letters of the inscriptions, so that they 
 be preserved legible ; and for keeping in repair the pavement, for twenty-one feet from 
 the West door within this Chapel, for the better preserving of which, the Corporation 
 have forbid the burying of any corps underneath the same : the repairs to be done 
 within three months next after Lady-day, 177O. And within the same time, in each fifth 
 year ever after, by the direction of the President and Ciovernours, who are aUvays first to 
 visit this tomb, and are desired to accept of twenty shillings for cakes and wine, as an 
 acknowledgment for their trouble, and the rent gatherer ten shillings for his care in 
 the repairs. And the remainder of the fifteen pounds, after all charges are paid, he 
 gives to be equally divided between the said eight poor men, on the first day of Septem- 
 ber following, in each fifth year for ever. Note, that the payment of the forty shillings 
 and fifteen pounds, will be continued as above, so long as this tomb is supported and 
 kept up, but no longer. 2. Here lycth the body of Henry Pricre, Gent, once She- 
 riff of this city, who ileparted this mortal life the 24th of June, Anno D'ni 1 638. Hoc 
 piae ejus memorijE sacrum dicavit conjux dilectissima Alicia Price. [Then some Latin 
 verses ] 3. Ephraim Iliggins, bricklayer, died Feb. 4, 1759, aged Cj. 
 
 y Plin. XVI. 18. z Douce on Shakespeare, 334 ; Strutt's Dresses, 302, 31.5. 
 
 '^ P. GO". b Steeveiii. 
 
 St.
 
 308 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 St. Mary Magdalen. 
 
 In the Chancel. — 1. Elizabeth, daughter of John Blanch, Esq.; died Feb. 6, 17 15, 
 aged 29. John Blanch, Esq. died July 10, I725, aged 76. Hannah his wife, died 
 Dec. 23, 1709. Elizabeth, wife of William Blanch, Esq. dau. of Thomas Horton, 
 Esq. died Dec. 17, I741. Six sons, who died infants, viz. John, died June 24, 1728 ; 
 Thomas, d. Nov. 14, 173O; William, d. Aug. 1737; Thomas, d. July 17, 1738 ; 
 Richard, d. Aug. 1740 ; John, d. April 8, 1744- William Blanch, Esq. died Oct. 30, 
 
 1758, aged 63. Eleanor, his daughter, died Dec. 2, 1766, aged 37. 2. Elizabeth, 
 
 daughter of Richard Roberts, of this city, Esq. by Eleanor his wife, daughter of Tho- 
 mas Horton, of Wooton, Esq.; died Dec. 17, 1733, aged 20 months. 3. On a 
 
 neat marble monument: James Herbert, of this city, Alderman, died March 18, 1758, 
 
 aged 87, Elizabeth his wife, died Nov, 13, 17C1. 4. Millicent, wife of Joseph 
 
 Olive, of the parish of St. Catherine's, died Oct. 5, 1759, aged 59. [Then some 
 English verses.] 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Prufession. 
 
 In the Church. 
 
 James Mayo 
 
 Mary, wife of John Wiltshire, 
 of Gloucester, 
 
 John Wiltshire 
 
 John Tanner 
 
 John Tanner, of the city of 
 Gloucester, goldsmith, son of 
 John and Susannah, 
 
 Samuel, son of John and Su- 
 sannah, as above 
 
 John^ son of Ambrose and 
 Mary Wadley, 
 
 Thomas Sparkes (parish clerk,) 
 
 Sarah, his wife, 
 
 Martha, their daughter 
 
 William Jenkins, of Longford, 
 yeoman, died a batehelor,. . 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 8 Aug. 1731 41 
 
 2 Mar. 1749 70 
 
 6" Sept. 1/60 77 
 
 26 Mar. 1762 — 
 
 6 Feb. 1753 23 
 
 8 Mar. 1754 22 
 
 23 Feb. 1753 li 
 
 12 Aug. 1713 65 
 
 23 Dec. 66 
 
 19 Nov. 1721 26 
 
 20 Apr. 1739 62 
 
 In the Church-yard. 
 
 Edward Jones, of Gloucester, 10 July, 1756 51 
 
 Richard Evans, of Gloucester, 
 
 rope-maker, 6 Mar. 1767 72 
 
 Martha, his wife, (widow of 
 
 Edward Jones above,) .... 25 Nov. 1759 
 
 Richard Gardner, of Welch- 
 Spring, yeoman, 5 Feb. 
 
 64 
 
 1721 
 
 Mary, his wife, 9 Nov. 1/ 1 1 
 
 70 
 60 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Willoby Bannister, of Welch- 
 Spring, yeoman, 
 
 Mary, dau. by Mary his wife,. . 
 
 Jane, wife of William Maverly, 
 of Gloucester, plumber, &c. 
 
 Wm. Tomkins, of Wootton, 
 yeoman 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife, 
 
 Sarah and Charles, children of 
 Charles and Eliz. Smith, . . 
 
 Charles, son of Edw. and Ann 
 Vickers, 
 
 Mary, dau. of Charles and Eli- 
 zabeth Smith, of Wootton, 
 
 Hester, another daughter, . . 
 
 Mary, wife of Thos. Hartland, 
 
 Mary (another wife,) 
 
 Thos. Hartland (between his 
 three wives,) 
 
 John Panton 
 
 Eliza, his wife, 
 
 Samuel Watkins, of Barnwood, 
 yeoman, 
 
 Mary, dau. of Wm. and Sarah 
 Ball, 
 
 John Frout, grandson of S. 
 Merret, clerk, 
 
 Mary, wife of Benj. Wadley, . . 
 
 27 Dec. 1738 61 
 
 5 Aug. 1748 17 
 
 8 Mar. 1745 18 
 
 21 Feb. 1747 82 
 
 15 Sept. 1769 82 
 
 inf. 
 
 1769 inf. 
 
 5 Nov. 1752 13 
 
 24 Aug. 1765 6 
 
 12 May, 1693 — 
 
 10 Aug. 1699 — 
 
 1739 — 
 
 23 Sept. 1739 74 
 
 16 Oct. 1737 85 
 
 11 Apr. 1769 58 
 
 20 June, 1760 3 
 
 4 Oct. 1765 2 
 
 2 July, 1765 45 
 
 PARISHES.
 
 ( 309 ) 
 
 PARISHES. 
 
 ST. ALDATE'S. 
 
 THIS was a low spired Church, covered with shingles, and from its dedication to St. 
 Aldate or Eldad, a British saint, was either founded before the Anglo-Saxon invasion, 
 or after the British History had been published by Geffrey of Monmouth. Of 
 British Churches we know little more than that they were situate at or near Druidi- 
 cal places of worship*^ ; and the only leading fact which supports such a presumption 
 as the British existence of this Church, is its impropriation to the Priory of Deer- 
 hurst, a house of no consequence whatever after the Conquest. British Churches were 
 also dwellings as well as places of devotion *•; nor did the Anglo-Saxons dedicate 
 Churches to such Saints, having plenty of their own to use instead. As the existence 
 of Bishops among the Britons is not to be disputed, this Church 7nm/ have been, under 
 the first presumption, the original Chapel and Palace (as we should now call it), of 
 Eldad, as Bishoj) of Gloucester. 
 
 But as the evidence in support of such an hypothesis is founded only on the connec- 
 tion of this Church with the very ancient priory of Deerhurst, it may be justly consi- 
 dered far too slight to support such a conclusion ; and the preference be given to the 
 foundation after the promulgation of Geffrey's History. But to this the connection 
 with Deerhurst is hostile; for that was a very famous Abbey in the days of Bede, de- 
 stroyed by the Danes, and given by the Confessor, at least the Conqueror, to the 
 Abbey of St. Denis in France^. 
 
 A presumption may arise, however, in favour of the later foundation, at least far 
 more plausible. It appears from Domesday, that thirty Burgesses of Gloucester paid 
 rent and owed service to the Abbey of St. Denis, in right of their Manor of Deerhurst, 
 and this Church was perhaps erected tor their use, the dedication to St. Aldate being 
 a compliment, on account of his connection with Gloucester. 
 
 Leaving this matter in uncertainty, because simply suggesting itself, it is known, that 
 in 1653, this Church, which consisted of one isle only, and had a spire, (certainly not 
 British, for they had no such fashion f), was pulled down by the revolutionary barba- 
 
 *■• Rowlaiuls's Mona Antiqua, pp. 158. 'Zai. '' Ibid. 
 
 <• Dugdale's Monast. I. 547, 54S. 
 
 f Stone Churches, or even Clianccis, were very rare among them. See British Monachism. 
 
 rians,
 
 310 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 rians, and the materials appropriated to the repairs of St. Michael's. The Parliament 
 had in 1648 annexed St. Aldate's to that parish, which junction was dissolved at the 
 Restoration. 
 
 The living was a vicarage, but so small, that St. John's and St. Aldate's being, one 
 in the gift of the Bishop, the other of the Lord Chancellor, they contrive to unite them 
 both in one person. There were chantries and gilds established in the old Church ; 
 and by the benefaction of various excellent persons, a Chapel has been built on or near 
 the spot where the Church stood. 
 
 There are no remarkable Monuments. 
 
 LIST OF INCUMBENTS, (from Furney's MSS. Bibl. Bodl.) 
 
 Temp 
 
 1424. 
 
 1472. 
 1547- 
 
 1551. 
 
 J 562. 
 1569. 
 1572. 
 
 1576. 
 
 1579- 
 1580. 
 
 1587. 
 
 Henry III. William, Rector. 
 
 31 Ed. III. Geffrey att Birch. 
 
 Thomas Billey. 
 
 John Davly. 
 
 John Keyble, or Kebull, some 
 time a Gray Friar. 
 
 Richard Burnel, Curate, as deno- 
 minated. 
 
 Ralph Salmon, Cu. of St. Owen's. 
 
 John Mery, Curate. 
 
 Evans Williams, Rect. of St. Mary 
 de Crypt. 
 
 Richard Taylers, B. A. Rect. St. 
 Mich. 
 
 William Best was Curate. 
 
 Nich. Fayrace, alias Pitt, Vic. St. 
 Owen's, Curate. 
 
 Richard Jones, Curate of All 
 Saints, occurs. 
 
 1593 
 1594 
 1594 
 
 1600 
 
 1628 
 
 1787 
 1804 
 
 William Evans. 
 
 Thomas Wood, Rect. of St. John's. 
 ■1599- Richard Jones, Curate of 
 All Saints. 
 
 [Here must be some mistake, for 
 he occurs in 1587.J 
 ■l62r). Robert Provis, alias Char- 
 lion, Curate of St. John's. 
 ■1635. Edward Williams, Curate 
 of All Saints, and Minor Canon. 
 He was deprived, but again re- 
 stored by King Cha. II. 
 Daniel Remington. 
 Benjamin Newton. 
 . Rev. 1'homas Stock. 
 Rev. Francis Turner Bayley, 
 A. M. the present Incumbent. 
 
 EPITAPHS. 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Profession. 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Church. 
 
 Edward Baylis, vvoulstapler,. . 
 Kdvvard, his son, by Ann, his 
 
 wife, dau. of ... . Gardner, 
 Margaret, wife of Murk Eve- 
 
 rard, mercer, 
 
 Margaret, their only daughter, ^'Z Mar. 170"0 
 John Davis, pinmaker, 28 Sept. 1768 56 
 
 24 Sept. 
 
 1755 
 
 30 
 
 29 Oct. 
 
 1/65 
 
 13 
 
 6 Febr. 
 
 1764 
 
 35 
 
 ^'Z Mar. 
 
 1700 
 
 2 
 
 Name, Resiileiire, and 
 Profession. 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Thomas, son, by Eliz. his wife, 28 Jan. 1764 16 
 Mary, wife of John Rogers, 
 
 baiter, (sister of tiie above 
 
 Elizabeth, both daughters of 
 
 ..Cole), 17 Aug. 1770 36 
 
 Sally Dew, daughter of Joseph 
 
 Lewis, . . . .• 20 Oct. 17C7 6 
 
 Mary, wifcofThomas Chartar, 
 
 (dau. of . . Maizey), 31 May, 1769 .50 
 
 Church-yard.
 
 ALL SAINTS, or ALLHALLOWS. 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Profession. 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Church-yard. 
 
 Douten Blake 14 May, 1767 44 
 
 Daniel Howell 24 Sept. 1758 62 
 
 ParncU, wife of Thomas Her- 
 bert ; she was buried at St. 
 Michael's, 5 Oct. 1755 70 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Profession. 
 
 311 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Mary, daughter of Henry and 
 Mary Cull, of Buckland, in 
 this county, IS Nov. 1759 4'3 
 
 On flat stones in the Church are D. R.for Daniel Remington, who died Aug. 17^7 5 
 S. R. for Sarah his sister, and M. R. for Martha, wife of the Rev. Thomas Remington, 
 of South Cerney. 
 
 ALL SAINTS, or ALLHALLOWS. 
 
 THIS was another ancient Church, of at least early date, for it was exchanged 
 by the Bishop of Exeter with the Priory of Lanthony ; and that See is recorded in 
 Domesday, as then holding estates here. The Priory held it as a Chapel of St. Mary 
 de Cript. By an ordinance of Parliament in 1648, when Churches were knocked 
 about with as much levity as billiard-balls, the Church was converted into the Tolsey, 
 a part being retained as a Chapel for the Corporation : but the whole has been since 
 taken down and converted into a Court-room, with an elegant chamber over it. By 
 the same parliamentary ordinance the parish was united to that of St. Mary de Crypt, 
 which incorporation was confirmed by Bishop Nicholson in 1664. On account of this 
 union the Corporation pays annually ^2. 13*. towards repairing the Church of St. 
 Mary de Crypt. A chantry was founded in this Church ; and another service, called 
 that of the FeofTees. 
 
 ST.
 
 312 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 ST. JOHN BAPTIST. 
 
 IN Mr. Bigland's Manuscripts is the following paragraph : — " This most deUcate 
 Spire Church standeth at the lower end of the Upper Nurthgate Street, which was 
 founded by King Ethelstan, the 25th King of the West Saxons, who made it a 
 Priory of Black Canons of St. Augustine, anno 940. 'Twas afterwards made a Chan- 
 try, dedicated to St. Mary the Virgin. After this it was made a Sanctuary (which is the 
 only sanctuary, or place of refuge that I ever read or heard of in this county), for after 
 the battle fought at Tewksbnvy, between King Edward IV. and King Henry VI. the 
 two Lords Staffords (father and son), and Sir Francis Lovell, with many others, fledd 
 to this Church for sanctuary or safety. 'Tis now a Rectory, in the gift of the Lord 
 Chancellor, but of so mean a value (by reason that the lands and tythes formerly be- 
 longing thereunto are clearly lost), that were it not for the parishioners contributing 
 to the Minister, it would hardly be worth a man's acceptation." 
 
 In this paragraph, probably from Wantner's Collections, is some of inaccuracy, and 
 considerable historical difficulty. 
 
 The first is the foundation of a Black Canonry by King Athelstan. Bishop Tanner 
 absolutely denies the fact ; but plainly, because there are no evidences of its existence. 
 By others, the foundation, if it existed, has been confounded with the Black Friers. 
 But from whence could the tradition originate ? King Athelstan died at Gloucester, 
 and though a Canonry, according to the Augustine rule, is out of the question, as being 
 an anachronism, yet colleges of secular priests, though rather unpopular foundations, 
 were not then unusual. Had it been an establishment of any consequence, William 
 of Malmsbury, the professed eulogist of Athelstan, would most certainly have men- 
 tioned it; but the words in the preceding account " 'twas afterwards a Chauntry," 
 seem to solve the difficulty. It was usual for Chauntry Priests to have a manse or 
 dwelling, in which they resided together as in a college; and such might have been 
 the foundation of Athelstan, which gave rise to the tradition, while its obscurity and 
 pettiness deprived it of the notice of history. However this be, there is clearly latent 
 history attached to this Church, not now to be elucidated in a satisfactory form. There 
 certainly was an estate, held by the parson, in right of his Church ?, and though that 
 Church was given by Henry I. and Stephen to St. Peter's Abbey, yet considerable 
 alterations subsequently ensued ; for in 140S a messuage and half an acre of land 
 was granted to the Parson of this Church for his parsonage house and cemetery •>. 
 Accordingly, about the time of Henry VI. the Church-yard of this Church was called 
 the New One*. The property of the Priory of St. Oswald in this Church, as that 
 Priory was a peculiar annexation to the King's Hall or Palace, also leads to another 
 
 g John Bennc hail licence to give a sliop, held of the Parson of this Church, to the Abbey of Hales. Inq. 
 ad. q. d. 16 Ed. III. No do. Glouc. li Inq. ad. q. d. 9 Henry IV. N" 32. 
 
 > MSS. Bigland. 
 
 inference,
 
 ST. JOHN BAPTIST. 
 
 313 
 
 inference, however obscure, that there might be some royal Anglo-Saxon foundation 
 in which the tradition originated : possibly a cell to that Priory, which was a Black 
 Canonry. As to there having been any Sanctuary here, properly so called, it does not 
 appear. For though after the battle of Bosworth, Francis Viscount Lovell, and Huni- 
 frey Staflford, with Thomas Stafford his brother"*^, (not the two Lords Staffords, father 
 and son), took sanctuary in this Church, yet it was usual to seek refuge in these places, 
 the priest, as at Tewksbury after the defeat of Queen Margaret, bringing out the Host 
 to stop pursuit of the fugitives. 
 
 According to the view of the Old Church in Kip's Plan, it consisted of a fine slender 
 tower and spire; the body of the Church having a small transept. As described in 
 Mr. Bigland's MSS. the Church consisted of a large Nave, with a South Isle of the 
 same length, a small slender steeple at the West end of the isle, and a large porch on 
 the North side. It had two Chapels, one dedicated to St. Bridget, the other to St. 
 Thomas ; and various Chantries, as of St. Mary, St. Anne, the Holy Cross, and, as is 
 said, the Trinity, besides Lights of St. Nicholas and St. Catharine. The foundation 
 of the New Church was laid June 1, 1732, and service first performed in it in 1734. 
 The building and seating cost ^.1100, (raised by briefs, parochial assessments, and 
 contributions) ; and the steeple (before mentioned) was left standing, and has in it five 
 bells, and a Saint's bell ' ; formerly rung at the elevation of the Host, that all persons 
 might then fall on their knees. 
 
 Abbot Hameline, in 12g0, impropriated the Church for maintaining the feast of St. 
 Oswald. 
 
 A curious fact is recorded among the Epitaphs. One Francis Yeate, cordwainer, at 
 the time of his death had seven apprentices, six of whom carried him to his grave in 
 February, 1699, and the seventh preached his funeral sermon. 
 
 Abel Wantner, who compiled Collections for the County, also lies buried in this 
 Church ; and it is happy for his memory that they were never published. 
 
 Incumbents. 
 1153. Roger, Rector. 
 
 T.H.IH.IiY 
 
 ( Ihc 
 
 )bert. 
 lomas. 
 
 127G. Will, de Allefleg, 
 
 1320. Wulstan de Scheldesley, 
 1323. WiUiam Borstal le, 
 134.9. Walter de Mariner, 
 ■ Roger ; when Horton 
 
 was Abbot, 
 1408. Robert Bateman, 
 
 Patrons. 
 
 r Abbey of 
 
 i 
 
 } 
 
 Glou- 
 cester. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Incumbents. 
 
 Patrons. 
 
 1502. Edw. Froucester, D. D.^ 
 
 Rector of Clifford j Abbey of 
 
 Glou- 
 cester. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 1522. 
 
 Chambers ; after- ^ 
 wards Dean of Here- 
 ford; resigning, 
 Robert Bigge, M. A. 
 
 dyinf 
 
 1546. William Jennings, B.l).") 
 Dean of | 
 
 afterwards 
 Gloucester 
 
 1547, 
 l.'54S. William Sheldon 
 
 ; resigning, t 
 
 k Stowe's Annals, p. 4*0, ed. Howes. 
 
 ' Mr. Bigland's Papers, 
 
 s s 
 
 1551.
 
 314 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Incumbents. 
 
 Patrons. 
 
 1551. 
 
 1553- 
 1562. 
 
 1569. 
 
 1571- 
 1572. 
 
 1576. 
 
 1583. 
 
 1593 
 1625 
 
 1628 
 
 Hugh Whittington, "j 
 
 LL.B. Rector of St. | Abbey of 
 Maryde Crypt, Vicar J> Glou- 
 ofStaverton; resign- cester. 
 
 Walter Jones, after- 
 wards Prebendary, 
 
 Thomas Partridge oc- 
 curs, Curate, being 
 then Rector of Dein- 
 ton, 
 
 Mau. Williams occurs 
 Curate, 
 
 Vacant. 
 
 Thomas Woodcock, oc- 
 curs Curate, after- 
 wards Rector of St. 
 Mary de Crypt, 
 
 Thomas Richardson, 
 Minor Canon, Vicar 
 of Kempley, and 
 Rector of Stratton, 
 dying, 
 
 Thomas Wood, Rector 
 of Pinnock, 
 
 } Robert Provis, alias 
 Charlion, sometime 
 Curate of St. Aldate's 
 and St. Catherine's. 
 . Edward Kyrle. 
 
 ■} 
 
 J 
 } 
 
 1 
 i 
 
 ^rown. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Incumbents. 
 
 Patrons. 
 
 1634. 
 
 1642. 
 1642. 
 1643- 
 
 1648. 
 1658. 
 
 Phil. Hosyer, some time^ 
 
 Curateof St. Mary de > Crown. 
 Crypt and All Saints. J 
 
 Do. 
 
 Hinman. 
 Tirer. 
 
 Thomas Jennings. 
 
 1664. Thomas Woolnough, 
 
 Do. 
 
 Mayor 
 
 and 
 Bur- 
 gesses. 
 
 Do. 
 
 M. A. Rector of St. ' 
 Michael's. J 
 
 1675. Amos Jones, M. A. Rect." 
 of St. Michael ; re- 
 signing", 
 
 1687. George Vernon, M. A. 
 
 John Abbot, M.A. af-' 
 
 terwards Rector of 
 Witcomb ; dying, 
 
 1733. William Elliot, M. A."^ 
 perpetual Curate of 
 Barnwood. ^ 
 
 1741. Daniel Remington, B. A. 
 
 (From Furneys MSS. Bibl. Bodl.J 
 
 1787. Rev. Thomas Stock. < 
 
 1S04. Rev. Fran. Turner Bay-" 
 ley, A. M. the pre- 
 sent Incumbent. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 The 
 
 King. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Ki 
 
 ■ I Do. 
 
 Moymments and Memorials in this Church. 
 1. In the middle of the Chancel lieth the effigies of Mr. John Seames and his two 
 wives, in large plates of brass, where underneath is written these ensuing verses : 
 Here under buried John Seames lyeth. 
 Who had two wives, the first Elizabeth, 
 And by her six sons and daughters five; 
 Then by Agnes his second wife 
 They sons had seven, and daughters plenty; 
 The full number in all six and twenty. 
 He passed to God in the month of August 
 The thousand five hundred and forty years just. 
 
 "> Of hira see St. Michael's. 
 
 2. Under
 
 - '// ■ / 7t'//// f ///fA/y.i/.t.i/f'f/'i.i/,/-
 
 ST. JOHN BAPTIST. 315 
 
 2. Under a fair grave-stone in the Cross Aile of this Church lyeth interred the 
 
 bodies of Francis Yeate, of this parish, cordwainer, and Joane his wife. She died 
 November 17, 1671 ; and he died Feb. 21, l6'99, aged 94 yeares. This honest and 
 substantial Tradesman, when he died, had seven Apprentices Hveing ; six of them 
 
 carried him to his grave, and the seventh preacht his funeral sermon. 3- J"^ the 
 
 Chancel, on a monument, with a figure of the deceased, in armour. \_See the Plate. j 
 Arms: Sablo, a lion rampant Argent, impaling partie per pale indented Argent and 
 Azure, two lions combatant, counterchanged. M. S. Thomae Price, viri ver^ Armi- 
 geri, quippe qui sub Carolo Primo Martyre gloriosissimo in Bello contra Perduelles 
 gesto saepe vulneratus, seniel pro mortuo derelictus, clarissime meruerit; Domi, Foras, 
 Exul, Redux semper sui similis, fortis et cordatus. Pacis restitutce Artes non minus 
 calluit et coluit, quam olim militiKe: in Civitate Gloces. bis Praetor, diu militiae Prae- 
 fectus ; semper aequanimus, suavis, benignus, omnibus etiam male de se et familia sua 
 meritis, quorum poenitentia' quam poenam makiit. Post tot curas, aerumnas, honores, 
 labores fortiter sustentatos, cum sanguis, scepius effbsus, nee venis nee vitae ulterius 
 suppeteret, animam puram et defaecatam, (ut) Christianu' decuit, sanct^ efflavit anno 
 
 eetatis 57, Januar. I4, A. D. 1S78. Posuit moestissima conjux. 4- Opposite to 
 
 the latter is another handsome marble monument. Arms: in a lozenge Sable a lion 
 rampant Argent, for Price. To the memory of the once graceful and now glorious 
 virgin Dorothy daughter of Major Thomas Price, of this city, whose modesty, piety, 
 and affability added so amiable a lustre to her exterior beauty as rendered her the joy 
 of her parents, the honour of her familiars, and the delight of all that knew her; pre- 
 pared by these divine accomplishments for a more heavenly conversation in the year of 
 her mortality xxiii, and of her redemption mdcxciii, she was received into the ha- 
 bitations of the blessed. Her loving and dearly beloved sister Bridget, desirous at 
 once to express her grief and gratitude, erected this memorial of their mutual love; 
 which, after lime hath ground this marble into dust, and buried all monuments in 
 oblivion, shall preserve to immortality. Also, Bridget Price, died the 2gth of August 
 
 1753j aged 90. On grave-stones in the Chancel. 5. Arms: Price, impaling a 
 
 chevron between 3 cross crosslets fitchy. Thomas Price, of this city, Gent, died Oc- 
 tober the 18th, 1654, aged about Go. He was born at Carfillea in (ilamorganshire. 
 Bridget Price, died the 29th of August, I753, aged 90. Thomas Price, Alderman, 
 twice Mayor of this city, and Major of Horse to King Charles the First, died Jan. 14, 
 1678. Also, Dorothy his wife (daughter of John Driver, of Aston in this county, Esq.) 
 
 died Nov. 11, 1722, aged 94. 6. John Niccolls, of this parish, (ient. died Jan. 25, 
 
 1C68, aged So. William his son. Alderman, June (), l6'93, aged 6"2. James, son of 
 William the Alderman, May 28, 170f), aged 34. Joan, wife of Alderman Niccolls, 
 sen. Dec. 8, 1715, aged 82. Alderman William Niccolls, Feb. 1 7, 1720, aged 61. 
 Robert his son, M. A. Vicar of Sandhurst, March 28, I702, aged 40. 7. Mr. Ri- 
 chard Bosley, once Sherittof this Citty, died March 30, \Gi)G, in the time of his she- 
 
 ritiidty. 8. M.S. Gratiae (nomen merito reportantis) Rob. Carpenter, Generosi, 
 
 coujugis desideratissimae. [Then an eulogy.] Ob. Jan. 12, lf)()8, aged 40. 9. 
 
 Arms :
 
 316 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Arms : on a cross engrailed Or 5 pellets within a border engrailed of 2d, charged with 
 pellets, impaling Or, an eagle displayed Sable. Edward Grevill, of this city, Gent, and 
 Mary his relict, daughter of John Haj'ward, of this city, late Alderman. Hee died 
 May the 15th, A. D. 1669 ; shee died April the 24th, A. D. 1690. Giles their only 
 son died August 10, 1689. 10. Arms : quarterly, 1 and 4, on a chief Sable 3 battle- 
 axes ; 2 and 3, Azure, an eagle displayed Or. Eleanor wife to William Shepeard, 
 Gent, daughter to Alderman Hayward, late of this city, died in childbed 2d July 1652. 
 
 11. Arms : Ermine, on a bend ... 3 roses, impaling Erminois, an eagle displayed 
 
 Gules. Margaret late wife of William Loe, Esq. sister to Humphry Smith, of Kidling- 
 
 ton, in the county of Oxon, Esq. was buried Feb. 22, 1705. Monuments in the 
 
 South Side. 12. Arms: ... a chevron between 3 men's heads crowned .... Mr. Ri- 
 chard Broade, died immediately after his being Sheriff of this city, viz. the 4th day of 
 October 1670, aged 62. [Then some English verses.] Mary his relict, April 12, 
 1682. Mary their daughter, Sept. 5, 1646. Anonymus, their son. Mary, another 
 daughter, July 20, 1695, aged 47. — — 13. Alice, wife of Mr. Giles Rodway, of this city, 
 mercer, was buried 30 April 16S2. Thomas Rodway, joyner, . . . April 1665. Elea- 
 nor his wife, Oct I667. Thomas Rodway, mercer, died June 6, 171.5, aged 37. 
 
 Three infants by his wife Hester. 14. Giles Rodway, Alderman and twice Mayor 
 
 of this city, died Sept. 28, I729, aged 80. Thomas his son, April 20, I728, aged 25. 
 
 15. Sarah daughter of John Wood, of this city, died March 8, I720, aged 27. 
 
 Mrs. Patience, wife of Mr. Thomas Cole, and daughter of Mr. John Wood, Nov. 8, 
 1728, aged 46. Anne his wife, August 31, 167O; buried, at his desire, in the same 
 grave with her second husband Richard Gvvinneth, of Shurdington, Gent. John 
 Wood, carrier, July 10, 1715, aged 68. William Wood, Gent. August 25, 1752, aged 
 
 61. Thomas Cole, Gent, who died in his sheritfalty, April 2, 1712, aged 35, 16. 
 
 Capt. Joshua Nayler, marriner, died Dec. the 14th, 1750, aged 67. George the son 
 
 of George Nayler, of this city, surgeon, died March 17, I750, an infant. 17. 
 
 Thomas Milles, of this city, Gent, died Sept. 6, 1697, aged 67. Esther, first wife, 30 
 
 March 1672. Esther, second wife, March 22. 1674. 18. Mrs. Alice Wantner, 
 
 died 1 March 1710, aged 76. Abel Wantner, Gent, buried 11 July 1714, aged 78. 
 
 19. John Blackwell, Alderman and twice Mayor, died May 20, 176O, aged 60. 
 
 On grave-stones in the Middle Jile or Body. 20. Richard Webb, Esq. Alder- 
 man and twice Mayor, died the 21st of March, 1772, aged 79. 21. Edward 
 
 Ricketts, Gent, died Nov. 27, 1703, aged 83. Martha his wife, June 4, 1716, aged 77. 
 Eleanor wife of Abraham Rudhall, jun. bell-founder, July 17, I73I, aged 52. Abra- 
 ham, the above, Dec. 17, 1755, aged 55. Edmund his son, Feb. 25, 1737, aged 26. 
 Jacob his son, . . . July 1755, aged 37. 22. Edmond Palmer, Gent, and twice She- 
 riff, died Jan. 2, I647, aged 63. Also Hester his wife, daughter of [covered 
 
 by a pew]. 23. Rebecca, wife of Capt. William Higgenson, died Dec. 16, 1736, 
 
 aged 38. Joane Cossley, ob. Feb. 24, 1748, set. 64. 24. Barnard Cooke, of this 
 
 city, Gent, died 29th Nov. 1756, aged 80 years. Mr. George Cooke, grocer, March 
 
 30, 1761, aged 77. 25. Elizabeth the wife of Edward Heming, Gent, the only 
 
 daughter
 
 ST. JOHN BAPTIST. 
 
 31; 
 
 daughter of John Bray, of Fyfield, in the county of Oxon, Esq. died 30 Nov. 1707, 
 
 aged 37. 26. Here Heth the bodies of Richard Keylock, Gent, and Katharine his 
 
 wife ; which Richard Sheriff was buried March and 
 
 the buried 27. Thomas Pulton, of this city, Gent, died May 23, 
 
 1654. 28. Mary the wife of Abel Rudhall, bell-founder, died 21 Sept. 1753> 
 
 aged ^2. Abel her husband, Feb. 8, I760, aged 46. James their son, 11 Jan. 1760, 
 aged 20 months. Eleanor, daughter, October 3I, I755, an infant. Mary, another 
 
 daughter. May 3, 1766, aged 20. In the North Aile, on grave-stones. 2Q. M. S. 
 
 Hie unae requiescunt exuviae Roberti Carpenter, Generosi, necnon Mariee filiae. 
 
 11!^'^ >obiit Julii -j Py''^° j. 1659. 30. Arms: a chevron between 3 cross crosslets 
 
 fitchy. Sub hoc saxum requiescunt cineres Gulielmi Russell, viri . . . . et senior vene- 
 
 randi .... Provinciam apud Glocestrenses omnium 
 
 Jan. 14, ]68l. 31. Samuel Browne, Alderman and 
 
 twice Mayor, died Sept. the 7th, 1738, aged 34. Hesther his wife, May 30, 1725, 
 aged 73. Elizabeth his daughter, wife of John Bonner, grocer, Sept. 26, 1719, aged 
 
 27. Hester another daughter, August 23, I722, aged 28. 
 
 32. John Bonner, 
 
 grocer, died iSth June I733, aged 42. Samuel Bonner, his son, April 12, 1734, aged 
 19. Mary wife of Joseph Cheston, apothecary, buried March 21, 1745, aged 33. 
 
 Elizabeth their daughter, April 4, 1742, aged 5. 33. William Perry, brewer, died 
 
 Jan. 6, 1646. Also, Thomas Huffe, died Dec. 7, \662. 34- Luke the son of 
 
 Matthew Payne, of this city, Gent, by Martha his wife, died Oct. 3, 1710, aged 13 
 
 weeks. In the West Cross Aile, on grave-stones. 35. On a brass plate. Tliomas 
 
 Riche, Gentleman, late Alderman, died July 1, 1607. 36. Mary daughter of 
 
 Richard Broade, died Sept. 15, 1646. In the Vestry, on a grave-stone. 37. 
 
 Arms: a lion rampant impaling a chevron between 3 cross crosslets fitchy. Bridget 
 the wife of Thomas Price, of this city of Glocester, Gent, and daughter of Thomas 
 Russell, of the city, Gent, died Dec. \6, 1662. 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Profession. 
 
 Chancel. 
 
 Henry Medway, hosier, 
 
 Mary, his wife, 
 
 Samuel Palling, gent 
 
 Mary, his relict, second wife of 
 
 Joseph Everard, mercer, . . 
 
 Daniel Palling, baker, 
 
 Anne, his wife, 
 
 Hannah, daughter, 
 
 Mary, wife of Samuel Olive, 
 
 of Sandhurst, yeoman, (niece 
 
 of D. Palling), 
 
 W.D. nTi, [William Dymocks, 
 
 sword-bearer] 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 25 Nov. 1693 75 
 
 8 Oct. 1702 82 
 
 2 Oct. 1734 44 
 
 24 Feb. 1742 56 
 
 29 Jan. 1763 54 
 
 30 Mar. 1762 48 
 18 Jan. 1733 11 
 
 10 May, 1764 30 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Profession. 
 
 North Isle. 
 Martha, relict of Tho. Pierce, 
 
 gent 
 
 Rebecca Merrat, widow, their 
 
 daughter 
 
 Stephen Reeve, carver, 
 
 Ann, his wife, 
 
 Plicbe, wife of William Haynes, 
 
 gent 
 
 George, their son, 
 
 South-side. 
 
 John Matthews 
 
 Ann, daughter of John Palmer, 
 salesman, London 
 
 D.ite of Decease. Age. 
 
 16 Feb. 1693 74 
 
 14 Dec. 1696 39 
 
 19 Oct. 1724 62 
 
 20 Aug. 1720 56 
 
 7 Feb. 1714 30 
 
 10 Feb. 17]f — 
 
 12 Dec. 1676 — 
 
 Hannah,
 
 318 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Name, Residence, ami 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Hannah, wife of Tho. Crump, 
 
 grocer, Gloucester — 
 
 William Mills, innholder, 28 Mar. 1734 70 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife, 6 Jan. 172^ 52 
 
 On Gravestones in the South Isle. 
 
 John Price, gardener, 29 Aug. 1712 80 
 
 Anne, his wife, 18 Mar. 1729 79 
 
 Anne, dau. of Richard Cox, . . 15 Feb. 1763 inf. 
 
 Thomas Price, carrier, 12 Feb. 1733 56 
 
 Grace, his wife, 2 Apr. 1725 57 
 
 Eight sons of Charles Wantner, 
 
 by Anne his wife, 1725 — 
 
 Richard Davis, woolstapler, . . 18 Dec. 1732 56 
 
 Mary, his wife, 5 Nov. 1*29 53 
 
 Richard Mawson 2 June, 1762 62 
 
 Thomas Madocks 15 Jan. 1735 56 
 
 Bridget, his wife, 10 Mar. 1730 49 
 
 Thomas, their son, 17 July, 1750 39 
 
 Jane, his relict, late wife of 
 
 VVilliamHoltham, innholder, 15 Feb, 1772 60 
 
 Jane, their daughter, 27 Apr. 1769 16 
 
 Richard Barton, plumber,. ... 20 Jan. 1758 48 
 Elizabeth, dau. by Martha, his 
 
 widow, 7 July, 1746 inf. 
 
 Robert Stephens, innholder,. . 8 Feb. 170f 35 
 
 Jane, his wife, 10 Dec. 1695 25 
 
 Robert, their eldest son, 23 Mar. 1/20 31 
 
 Sarah, wifie of Samuel Well- 
 
 avize,glazier, — Oct. 1733 49 
 
 James Cooke, malster, 22 Feb. 1742 63 
 
 Anne, his wife, 26 Jan. 1734 52 
 
 Three of their Children, who 
 
 died infants. 
 George, son of George Cowlcs, 
 by Mary, his wife, daughter 
 of the above James and Anne 
 
 Cooke, 14 Dec. 1736 inf. 
 
 Edmund, son of Edmund Pal- 
 mer, jun 27 Feb. 1653 — 
 
 Hesther, dau. of Do 13 Sept. 1661 — 
 
 Gravestones in the Middle hie. 
 Mary, wife of John Woodward, 
 
 pin-maker, 27 Sept. 1742 51 
 
 Elizabeth, the daughter, wife 
 
 of Nath. Coles, 28 Oct. 1746 32 
 
 Three of their Children — 
 
 Robert Crabb 23 Dec. 1659 — 
 
 [Ma]ry, wife of Robert Will- 
 
 iTiar, 25 Jan. 1663 — 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Profession. 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Richard, son of Richard Rea, 
 
 gent, by Phillis, his wife, . . 15 Apr. 1726 inf. 
 
 Richard Rea, gent 19 Jan. 1747 75 
 
 Philip Green, sen 12 Apr. 1683 — 
 
 Philip, his son, brickmaker,. . 4 Oct. 1718 56 
 
 Jane, his wife, 13 Dec. 1720 54 
 
 Robert Punter, apothecary, . . 4 Apr. 1737 64 
 
 Abraham Medvvay, bricklayer, 3 Jan. 1702 — 
 
 Mary, his wife, 1718 56 
 
 Sarah, wife of John Medway, 31 Dec. 1715 73 
 
 John Arnold 3 Dec. 1754 — 
 
 Betty, his wife, 11 Apr. 1771 — 
 
 Anna Bosley 29 Mar. 1752 — 
 
 John Lanes, grocer, 15 Mar. 1706 38 
 
 John, his son, 19 Mar. 1698 inf. 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter of John 
 
 Turner, grocer, 27 Sept. 1742 inf. 
 
 Hester, another daughter,. .. . 9 Mar. 1744 inf. 
 
 Richard Price, gardner, 29 Mar. 1/06 62 
 
 Thomas, his son, 1684 inf. 
 
 William Carter, gent 14 Apr. 1725 73 
 
 .Andrew Owen, gent 14 May, 1724 63 
 
 Charles Tyler, plumber, .... 17 Aug. 1713 37 
 
 Thomas Tyler, plumber, 28 Apr. 1735 46 
 
 Hesther, wife of Charles Tyler, 
 
 above 28 Jan. 1747 76 
 
 Francis Tyler, plumber, 20 Feb. 1778 — 
 
 Sarah, his wife, 21 Dec. 1771 — 
 
 Tw oChildrcn of FrancisT. died 
 
 infants. 
 Martha, wife of William Bra- 
 band, cooper, 28 May, 1719 — 
 
 Elizabeth, another wife, .... 29 Jan. 1733 
 Alice, daughter of Thos. Price, 
 
 cordwainei-, 23 May, 1683 
 
 John Pincke, baker, 7 Apr. 1644 
 
 James Miles 4 Jan. 17'28 
 
 Mary, his wife 24 July, 1720 
 
 Mary, their daughter, 28 Dec. 1720 
 
 John Miles 10 Dec. 1733 
 
 Miles, son of Thomas Price,. . 
 
 M'est Ooss Lite. 
 John Vaughan, vintner, . . . 
 Francis Richards, vintner,. . . 
 
 61 
 
 4 Dec. 
 
 3 Dec. 
 
 Jasper Taylor 20 Oct. 
 
 Alice, his wife, 16 July, 
 
 Mary Taylor 
 
 Vestry. 
 Richard Driver 
 
 1716 
 1737 
 1784 
 1733 
 1716 
 
 67 
 65 
 26 
 58 
 inf. 
 
 57 
 47 
 74 
 60 
 
 Dorothy,
 
 ST. JOHN BAPTIST. 
 
 319 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 Praressiuii. 
 
 Dorothy, his wife, — 
 
 John, their son, 1755 — 
 
 Elizabeth, their daughter, 2 Nov. 1662 — 
 
 Richard, tlieir son, 23 July, 1765 — 
 
 Church-yard. 
 
 Susannah, wife of Jaiues Ro- 
 gers, bricklayer, daugh. of 
 
 Thos. Smith, glover, 16 Jan. 1736 47 
 
 Humphrey Smith, glover,. ... 20 Jan. 1752 58 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife, 31 Jan. 1747 56 
 
 Sarah Hale 16 Sept. 1760 52 
 
 Sarah, wife of Joseph Olive, of 
 
 St. Catharine's parish, .... 29 Apr. 1754 — 
 Thomas Car\vai"dine, excise- 
 man, 16 Mar. 1769 65 
 
 Also his wife, a son, and dan. — 
 
 William Holtham, innholder, 20 Apr. 1754 47 
 
 Ann, his wife, 11 Apr. 1750 33 
 
 Mary, their daughter, wife of 
 
 William Russel, — Aug. 1768 28 
 
 Thomas Garrett 29 Nov. 1736 55 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife, 17 Jan. 1736 51 
 
 Elizabeth, their daughter, 11 Sept. 1737 23 
 
 John Randall, pargiter, 7 Feb. 1749 64 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife, 28 May, 1*54 78 
 
 Dance, their son, painter,. .. . 8 Apr. 1747 34 
 Sarah, wife of John Puxstone, 
 
 of Upton St. Leon, 14 Jan. 1749 .52 
 
 John Puxstone, the above, .. 24 Nov. 1768 69 
 John Goodwyn, of Oaksey, 
 
 yeoman, 29 Mar. 1702 23 
 
 On Tombs in the Church-yard. 
 
 Thomas Daunte 20 Mar. 1704 70 
 
 Anne, wife of William Phelps, 19 June, 1709 35 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 Profession. 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Joseph Al- 
 
 ford, 29 Nov. 1718 41 
 
 Nathaniel Reeve 23 Nov. 1726 27 
 
 Charles Price, of St. John's, . . 13 Oct. 1723 — 
 
 Mary, dau. of William Price,. . 28 June, 1725 20 
 
 John Brock, of this city, 20 Apr. 1702 52 
 
 Rose, wife of Samuel Webley, 20 July, 1749 — 
 
 Sarah, wife of Richard Webley, 30 Oct. 1763 47 
 
 Thomas Hobb I710 60 
 
 Mary, wife of William Drink- 
 water, 27 June, 1743 28 
 
 Robert Vernon, son of William 
 
 Drinkwater, 14 July, 1746 — 
 
 Grace, wife of Philip Matthews, 8 June, 1697 — 
 
 Henry Jennings, carpenter, .. 1 Sept. 1708 46 
 
 Henry Jennings, jun 16 Apr. 1733 45 
 
 Sarah, wife of Henry Jennings, 
 
 jun 11 Sept. 1764 77 
 
 William Perry, taylor, 16 Dec. 1696 44 
 
 Anne, his wife, 8 June, 1737 79 
 
 John Rickets, 6 July, 1717 52 
 
 Bridget, his wife, 22 Nov. 1707 43 
 
 Giles Spencer, 13 Sept. 1702 75 
 
 John Garrett, 5 Aug. 1702 51 
 
 William Bonner, 8 Aug. 1734 52 
 
 Elizabeth Mason, widow, 23 June, 1728 SO 
 
 Anne,wifeofEphraimHiggins, 29 Oct. 1737 60 
 
 Thomas, son of Thos. Gullifer, 13 Dec. 1743 20 
 
 Charles Smith, innholder,. .. . 7 Oct. 1749 44 
 
 John Twining 27 Aug. 1769 50 
 
 Tabitha, wife of John Fream, — Nov. — — — 
 Catharine, wife of John Har- 
 rison 16 Sept. 1766 48 
 
 William Jones, 25 Mar. 1705 60 
 
 George Cooke, grocer, 27 Jan. 1715 68 
 
 Mary, his wife, 4 Dec. 1708 60 
 
 ST.
 
 320 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 ST. CATHERINE'S, alias ST. OSWALD'S. 
 
 THE propriety of this last denomination may very justly be doubted ; the parish 
 originating in the foundation of a Chapel by the Priory of St. Oswald, for the use of 
 the laity, distinguished from the Conventual Church. It afterwards (if there be no 
 confusion with the Priory), became very considerable, having four Chapels, Church- 
 down, Norton, Sandhurst, aiid Compton, when the valuation of Pope Nicholas was 
 made. King Henry VIII., in 1542, gave the Rectory and Advovvson of the Vicarage 
 to the Dean and Chapter of Bristol at their foundation, they paying ,^'85. 10*. yearly 
 for the same, with some other particulars mentioned in the donation. That Chapter 
 now allows ^.10 annually to a Curate for baptizing, burying, and visiting the sick of 
 the parish. By an ordinance of Parliament in 1648, the parish being united to St. 
 John's, the Church (/. e. the ruins of it), with its materials, was given to the Corpora- 
 tion. In 1655 the roof and some other parts of it were employed for building the 
 Barley Market House in the East-gate Street. At the Restoration the ordinance was 
 annulled, and the parish continues separate ". The Church had a Chantry, dedicated 
 to St. Catherine, and the Archdeacon has here applied another Chantry, called the 
 Charnel Service, which seems rather to belong to that of St. Michael, mentioned 
 under the Priory of St. Oswald. 
 
 The Church was demolished in the siege, and exhibits some fine Norman arches. If 
 under the Act new Churches are to be erected in this City, would not the restoration 
 of this be a proper measure? The whole ruin is also broken into so picturesque a form, 
 that were it situate in a park, richly ivied, and variegated with a few fine old ash trees 
 (which seem best to harmonize with ruins, in the disposition of their branches and 
 colour of leaves), it would be a most desirable object. But according to the opinion 
 of the Author, Ruins in the heart of cities, even if they are not bald, disgust by their 
 incongruity, and spread an aspect of misery and decay around the adjacent parts. At 
 least they awaken unpleasant associations of ideas, whether well or ill founded. 
 
 In the church-yard is, or was, an epitaph for an instance of longevity, very rare, 
 though not marvellous, and merely in a physiological view, proving the effect of sound 
 viscerp., derived from healthy parents", and not injured by inactivity or intemperance. 
 It was written in an age, when the jingle of the brass cups on a tambourin was all that 
 was deemed necessary for poetry, i. e. rhyme, though not always in similar sound. 
 " Here lyeth old Mr. Richard Tully, 
 Who liv'd one c. and 3 years fully, 
 
 n MSS. Furney in Bibl. Bodl. Mr. Bigland's Papers. 
 
 o The Author is of opinion, that diet and e.xercise are points too much neglected in rearing children ; — 
 instruction and accomplishment engross the uiAo/e attention. 
 
 He
 
 ST. CATHERINES. 
 
 3^i 
 
 He did y' Sword of the City beare 
 
 Before the Mayor thirty-one yeare ; 
 
 Fower wives he had, and here they lye, 
 
 AH waiting Heaven's eternitie." 
 Another rare occurrence appears, which shows a striking variation from modern 
 times, viz. an incumbent of the church, some time an ahnsman at St. Bartholomew's. 
 Riches were not then so essential to respectability as now ; for no parish in the pre- 
 sent times would endure a Minister from an almshouse. This was Francomb, in the 
 year 1558. 
 
 INCUMBENTS. [From MSS. Furney.] 
 
 1541. 
 
 1558. 
 
 1560. 
 1580. 
 1594. 
 
 1594. 
 
 1597- 
 1599- 
 1600. 
 1605. 
 
 I 
 
 Nicholas Newland; dying, 
 
 Henry Francomb, some time bro- 
 ther of St. Bartholomew's Hos- 
 pital. 
 Maurice Williams, also Curate 
 of St. John's. 
 
 Thomas Wastal, some time Cu- 
 rate of St. Mary de Lode, and 
 Master of the Collegiate School. 
 
 Thomas Tomkins, Vicar of St. 
 Mary de Lode. 
 
 Francis Arnold. 
 
 Robert Charlion, alias Provis. 
 
 Gilbrt (qu. (jiLEs?) Knowles. 
 
 Barnabas Morrice. 
 
 1607 
 
 1616. 
 1622. 
 1666. 
 1674. 
 
 1716. 
 1731. 
 
 1783. 
 1815. 
 
 John Phelps, afterwards Vicar of 
 
 the Holy Trinity. 
 
 Martrevis. 
 
 Richard Brodgate. 
 
 No Curate. 
 
 George Evans. 
 
 John Price, Vicar of St. Mary de 
 
 Lode ; dying, 
 Daniel Bond, B. A. 
 Thomas Gardiner, M. A. 
 Rev. Henry Jones, M. A. ^ 
 Rev. William Gyllet, M.A. 
 Rev. Charles Palmer, A. M. the 
 present incumbent. 
 
 EPITAPHS. 
 
 No eminent monuments. 
 
 Name, Resilience, and 
 Profissiun. 
 
 Dale of Decease. Ase. 
 
 iticliard July — 
 
 John Rogers 4 Sept. 1714 — 
 
 John Rogers 9 Jan. IC94 .51 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of John Rogers 3 April 1701 '23 
 Sarah, wife of (icorge Eagle, 
 
 qu. or Earle ? '20 Nov. 1/07 47 
 
 Name Residence, and 
 Profession. 
 
 Date of Decease. Asip 
 
 Thomas Cowly, of Longford, 
 
 by Jane his wife fsicj 22 April I70fi H» 
 
 Samuel Best, gardener 8 Nov. J7(M) 51 
 
 Thomas Best, of Kingshohn, 
 
 gardener 12 Sept. lti(5'2 7<l 
 
 Joan, his wife 7 Jan lf>r)l — 
 
 » In Rudder (p. 18S) here occur, John Warren, LL. D. Rev. Robert Rickards, and Hugh Price, succe.*- 
 sively incumbents. 
 
 T T Joan,
 
 522 HISTORY OF 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Joan, his (2d) wife 10 May 1674 60 
 
 Henry Ricketts, of Kingsholni, 
 
 gardener 21 April 1712 — 
 
 John Barrow, of Longford, 
 
 yeoman 17 May 1719 — 
 
 Giles Barrow, of Longford . . 17 Nov. 1699 54 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife 11 Sept. 1694 73 
 
 John Wheatstone 6 Nov. 1759 60 
 
 Hannah, his wife 5 May 1762 60 
 
 ThomasHeath, son of Roger. . 24 Dec. 1727 77 
 
 Hesther, his wife 18 Feb. 1740 70 
 
 GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 Profession. 
 
 Michael Arnall 5 Jan. 1716 52 
 
 Sarah, his wife 13 Jan. 1695 31 
 
 Thomas Williams 13 Mar. 1701 — 
 
 Jane, his wife 23 April 1715 — 
 
 William Watson, of Walton, 
 Serjeant in the Norfolk Mi- 
 litia 24 Mar. 1760 27 
 
 William Daney, bricklayer ... 2 Aug. 1754 70 
 
 Anthony Archer 16 Nov. 1687 65 
 
 Abraham Archer, bricklayer.. 17 Sept. 1732 65 
 
 Abigail, his wife 22 Feb. 1754 7S 
 
 ST. MARY DE CRYPT. 
 
 CALLED ALSO CHRIST CHURCH, AND ST. MARY IN THE SOUTH, 
 
 OR ST. MARY WITHIN THE SOUTH GATE, 
 
 OR ST. MARY OF SOUTH GATE. 
 
 The appellation of St. Mary [de Crypt] is presumed to have been assumed from 
 two vaults yet remaining under the church, and to distinguish it from the other St. 
 Maries, of Gras-lane and de Lode. This was necessary; for in the days of Kings Ste- 
 phen and Richard the First it was simply denominated St. Mary's of Gloucester'^. 
 Christ Church was a term which, according to custom, belonged only to churches de- 
 dicated to the Holy Trinity ; but it is applied to this church in P. Nicholas's V^alor. 
 
 From the Domesday Record, certifying possessions of the Bishops of Exeter in this 
 city, this church may be supposed to have preceded the Conquest, but no priest is 
 mentioned in Domesday, which ought to be applied here. It only appears that Os- 
 born, Bishop of Exeter, in the time of the Conqueror, held certain mansions here, 
 which had belonged to one Eadmar, an Anglo-Saxon. Upon the site, no doubt, of 
 one or more of these mansions, a successor, Robert Chichester, Bishop of Exeter, 
 according to Furney'', built the church, and conveyed it, with its chapel of All Saints, 
 to the Priory of Lanthony, reserving a pension from it of xx*. to the Nunnery of God- 
 stow, for the Bishop accompanied Stephen and his Queen to the consecration of that 
 church, and then made the benefaction. 
 
 -> Dugdale's Monasticon, I. 525, 527- 
 
 I) MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. enlaiged from Dugdale's Monasticon, \. 525, 527; H. "2. 
 
 T! 
 
 le

 
 ST. MARY DE CRYPT. 333 
 
 The Bishop did not only build the church, but, according to every rational infe- 
 rence, endowed it with many of the dwelling-houses, before attached to the See. Two 
 houses belonging to the Rectory are mentioned in ancient records •=, and Archdeacon 
 Furney adds, " There are several houses in this parish which belong to the Rector. 
 Great part of the house which is known by the sign of the Black Horse was formerly 
 called the Parsonage House, and at this time pays considerable chief rent to the Rec- 
 tor""." This is so far curious, as identifying the possessions of the See of Exeter, at 
 least in part, in the time of the Conqueror. 
 
 By the ordinance of Parliament in I648 for uniting St. Owen's and All Saints to 
 this parish, an annuity of Sol. with one of the prebendal houses, was settled on the 
 rectory, and the Rector was to pay for the first-fruits and tenths according to the rate 
 of 8/. a year. The patronage was granted to the Corporation ; at the Restoration the 
 patronage reverted to the Crown''. 
 
 There were chantries, of St. Mary and St. John the Baptist, to which one Richard 
 Manchester was a great benefactor; another of St. Catherine, an anniversary, a frater- 
 nity dedicated to St. Thomas, and a yearly obit for Alderman John Cook, founder of 
 the Crypt School, and his famil)'. 
 
 The church is a handsome building, chiefly in the style of the fourteenth century. 
 The nave is very wide, and low in the walls. 
 
 Upon several bricks remaining in the chancel were these arms: 1. A fess between 
 six cross crosslets, ybr Beauchamp; besides the arms of Archbishop Dean [once Prior 
 of Lanthony], and of the Berkeleys ; from which it appears that they were benefactors 
 to the building. The main walls retain, however, strong external marks of the twelfth 
 century, when the church was first built: and it has the short transept form of Ave- 
 ning and Minchin Hampton, known to be of that sera. 
 
 In this church there was a fraternity. It will appear, by an extract, under St. Mi- 
 chael's parish, that this term did not always apply to a society simply incorporated ; 
 but, like the founders of the West-Gate Bridge, the niembers, of both sexes, resided 
 in one mansion, in a collegiate form. The Author does not recollect any instance of 
 this kind out of Gloucester; though it is improbable that the gilds of this city observed 
 a form difierent from others. 
 
 In this church is, or was, a very gorgeous monumental brass^ for a man and his wife, 
 standing under two canopies. 
 
 The first is a canonical canopy, crocketed with a rose in the centre, the other orna- 
 ments chiefly foliage, supported by two slender pilasters, terminating in pinnacles, all 
 in the fine florid Gothick of the 15th century. Beneath this stood the figure of a man 
 with his hands elevated on his breast in a praying attitude. He is robed in a long 
 gown, with a mantle thrown over one shoulder (probably as an ensign of mavoraltv). 
 
 i^^ Harl. MS. .1013. d MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. 
 
 e Besides the Godstow pension, Lanthony Priory had 3.«. now due to tlie Crown ; and the Chajitcr of 
 Gloucester pays Is. Gd. to tiie Rector. 
 
 f From the impression in fac-simile. Mr. Bigland'.s paper. 
 
 On
 
 324 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 On his head is a curious hood, setting close to the scull down to the ears, and reach- 
 ing to the shoulders, formed of plaits. 
 
 Tiie second is, or was, a canopy between pilasters ; the ground of the canopy being 
 damask or diapered work in lozenges, with rich foliage in the centre; St. John the 
 Baptist holding a book in one hand, and a small streamer in the other. Under it was a 
 woman in a hood and wimple, and long gown, her hands elevated in a praying attitude. 
 Over her head was a merchant's mark, viz. a sort of fret, or rather two squares inter- 
 laced, one lozenge-wize ; in the centre a rose. 
 
 The figure of St. John shows that they belonged to the fraternity of that Saint 
 established in this church. 
 
 INCUMBENTS AND PATRONS. 
 
 Incumbents. 
 
 Patrons. 
 
 r. Steph. RogerdeThockham < 
 
 John Butler, Esq. or 
 de Butterleye, Rec- 
 tor, before 25 Hen. 
 III. (sicinMSS.Fur- 
 ney Bibl. Bodl. accor- 
 ding to Mr. Bigland's 
 copy) ; probably, as 
 he is denominated 
 Rector, some lay 
 agent, or tenant of 
 Lanthony Priory 
 
 T. Hen. III. Alexander, Rector 
 
 T. Edw. I. WalterdeElbrugge, ") 
 
 Rector J 
 
 Nicholas Cook, some \ 
 
 time aboutthisperiod J 
 
 1255. Nicholas deTanthurum, ") 
 Rector J 
 
 1 Ed. III. Sim. de Warewyk 
 
 14 Ed. III. Sim. Tangard 
 
 24 Ed. HI. Will.deHeyberar,-) 
 or de lleighberare J 
 
 1379- Nich. de Cotes, orCates 
 
 1393 Maul 
 
 140B. John Burgeys 
 
 1418. Walter Hert 
 
 Bp. of 
 
 Exeter. 
 
 V Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 1472. 
 1 Ric 
 
 Do. 
 
 1492. 
 
 Do. 
 
 1496. 
 
 Do. 
 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 
 Lantho- 
 
 
 ny Pr'v. 
 
 14,99. 
 
 Do." 
 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 1316. 
 
 Incumbents. 
 
 Patrons. 
 
 i4.5r). 
 
 14f)8. 
 
 Tlioma Stuard, or Sty- 
 ward. He was after- 
 wards Batchelor of 
 Degrees fsic) and had 
 a grant of Hempsted. 
 Healsoprocuredfrom 
 the Priory of Lantho- 
 ny, burial, fraternity, 
 a celebration of his 
 obit, and an anniver- 
 sary in that Priory. 
 He exchanged with 
 
 Thomas Oldbury, Rec- 1 
 tor of Rockhampton J 
 
 Will. Friser 
 
 III. Will. Jones; dying 
 
 John Adam, incumbent^ 
 of Bishop's Frome, CO. > 
 Hereford; resigning, J 
 
 Tho. Nuland 
 
 Thos. Wodeward (some"! 
 time Rector of All > 
 Saints) ; dying, J 
 
 Thomas Newman 
 
 Richard Stryer; resign- 'j 
 ing on a pension out > 
 of the living, J 
 
 Rob. Stinchcomb, Bat- 1 
 cheiorindegrees (■■iicj J 
 
 Lantho- 
 ny Pr'y. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 34 Hen,
 
 ST. MARY DE CRYPT. 
 
 3^i 
 
 Incumbents. 
 
 34 Hen. VIII. Thos. Green-" 
 
 wood, D. D. Vicar of 
 
 Standish 
 1542. Thomas Young 
 1548. Hugh Wliittiugton (see" 
 
 Incumbents of St. 
 
 John the Baptist), 
 
 resigning 
 
 1548. Henry Hawks 
 
 uEliz. 
 & 1J72. 
 157.5. 
 20 Eliz. 
 
 XEv 
 JCu 
 
 also 
 
 van WilMams, 
 rate of St. Aldate 
 ") ThomasWoodcocke, 
 J Curate of St. John's, 
 incumbent of Hares- 
 field 
 
 1576. Alexan. Borun, Curate. 1 
 
 Some one deprived. J 
 
 1584. Thomas Disley 
 
 1594. Thomas Wrench;occurs ^ 
 
 Curate J 
 
 Franc. Arnold, Curate, 
 
 before Curate of St. 
 
 Nicholas, the Curate 
 
 ofSt.Katharine'sfA/c) 
 
 W. Grove, M.A. (some") 
 
 time Master of Crypt j 
 
 School, and City Leo- V 
 
 turer) upon iiis being ( 
 
 collated to HartpiiryJ 
 
 Thos. Elliot, (afterwards! 
 
 likewise Curate of St. j 
 
 Owen's, probably be- > 
 
 came incumbent, and j 
 
 occurs Curate in 16'1<) J 
 
 1620. ") Edward, or Edmund^ 
 
 1625. J Barwell, Usher of V 
 
 Crypt School J 
 
 1628. Philip Hosyer (Curate"^ 
 
 of All Saints, and af- ( 
 
 tervvardsofSt. John's) f 
 
 occurs Curate in l6"28 ) 
 
 Patrons. 
 
 I Lantho- 
 J ny Pr'y. 
 
 J.TolsonS. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Ed. VI. 
 Queen 
 
 Eliz. 
 
 Do. 
 
 1597- 
 
 1599- 
 
 1603. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 1632. Jonathan Bullock, M.A. | 
 Usher of Cry ptSchool J 
 
 1634. John Allibond, Curate") 
 of St. Nicholas J 
 
 e Bj grant of Lanthony Priory, 
 
 James I. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Chas.I. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 1638. 
 1641. 
 
 1648. 
 1657- 
 
 le.'iS. 
 1662. 
 
 1664. 
 
 1671. 
 
 1673- 
 1675. 
 
 1675 
 
 1679- 
 
 1697- 
 
 171: 
 
 I Do. 
 
 Incumbents. Patrons. 
 
 John Massinger Chas. I. 
 
 John Corbet, Usher of 
 Crypt School 
 
 Samuel Kenrick, M.A. ' * 
 resigned 1657 
 
 Clement Barksdale 
 
 William Jones 
 
 Edm. Hall, M.A. some'^j 
 
 time Rector of Great >Chas. 11. 
 
 Risington ; resigning, J 
 John Gregory, M. A. "^ 
 - - of(_ 
 
 afterwards Rector 
 
 } 
 
 Hempsted, and Arch- i 
 ister J 
 
 Dc 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Jas. H. 
 
 1723. 
 173.3- 
 
 deacon of (ilouce 
 Richard Littleton, ^ i-\ 
 
 car of Longney j 
 
 Dennis Huntington, Vi-^ 
 
 car of Preston the > 
 
 same year J 
 
 AbrahamGregory,M, A. ^ 
 
 afterwards Preben- > 
 
 dary J 
 
 William WHiitington, ^ 
 
 M. A. Minor Canon, I 
 
 and Rector of Rud- / 
 
 ford; buriedherel()84 J 
 Matthew Yate, M. A. 
 
 occurs, as Curate, 
 
 1697, Rector of Mat- 
 son 1717 ; dying 
 John Nourse, M.A. was 
 
 instituted. In 1 722 he 
 
 was collated to theDo- y Geo. I. 
 
 native of St. Edmund 
 
 in Sarum; resigning,_ 
 Edward RobinsonPayne, 
 
 A.M.beingmadeRec- 
 
 tor of Cowling, Kent, J 
 Edward Nicolls, M. A. •• Geo. H. 
 Rev. Richard Rogers, ") 
 
 M.A. I 
 
 Rev. Jos. Baylis, A. M. 
 
 the present incum- ^Geo. Ilf. 
 
 bent 
 
 Do. 
 
 ■-} 
 
 *» WSS. Funicy, in hA\. lUM — Mr. Bigland's pa|)fi.'. 
 
 Cleinei.t
 
 .^26 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Clement Barksdale, once Rector of this parish, was born at Winchcombe, Nov. 23, 
 1609 ; educated at Abingdon Free School, Merton College, and Gloucester Hall. 
 He was B. and M. A. Chaplain of Lincoln College, and Vicar of Allhallows. He 
 taught school at Hawling during the Rebellion, and, after the Restoration, died Rector 
 of Naunton in 1687. He wrote some Poems, among which was the Cotswold Muse'. 
 
 The ancestors of the Lysons's are buried in this church J. 
 
 EPITAPHS. 
 
 On Monuments in the Chancel. 
 
 1. Arms: Lysons. Siste, viator, et paulo attentus imaginem meditare Danielis 
 Lysons, viri ad cujus exemplar, integri Christiani simulacrum potes effingere; fuit 
 enim inter mercatores Justus, inter literatos eruditus, inter doctores theologus, inter 
 liberales munificus, linguarum non solum Latinae, sed Graecae et Hebraicse, exquisita 
 cognitione insignis; et literarum quam lucri amantior ad sacras literas se totum appli- 
 cuit ; earumq' plenitudinem adeo submisse adoravit, ut raro aut nunquam in museolo, 
 nisi flexis genibus, sacras paginas evolveret. In cumulandis opibus promptus, sed be- 
 neficiis et eleemosynis largiendis tam propensus, ut quot annis decimam partem redi— 
 tuum pauperibus erogaret. Tam flagranti sanctimonia vitam degit, quali alii h vivis 
 discedunt: Tot, tantisq' claruit virtutibus, quot vel natura mortalis recipit, vel industria 
 perficit; deniq' animam laetitia spirituali repletam, et firmit^r de divina misericordii 
 
 persuasam, Deo reddidit Decembr' 13, iffSl, setat. 38. 2. Arms: Gules, a fess 
 
 between two chevronels Argent; on each side two figures of women with laurels. 
 Felici memoriae Antonii Nourse, Med. Doct. peritissimi, olim Colleg. Wadhani in 
 Acad. Oxon. Socii, pariter ac ornamenti, quem, licet Glevi non minimum decus (ut- 
 pote inde oriundum), primogenitum patris filium, virum ver^ doctum, pium, pacifi- 
 cum, modestum, nuUiq' non charissimum, mors praepropera et inopinata suo vulne- 
 ravitaculeo, et vita privavit in terris (eheu qnani longiiis desiderata) mensis August. 14", 
 annoq' aetat' 41, salut' 1659 ; sed (quod ipsi cessit in melius) ut in aeternum fruatur in 
 coelis desideratiori, et cujus quod mortale fuit h^c expectat beatornm resurrectionem. 
 
 3. Arms: Argent, a chevron Gules between three of the first, on a chief 
 
 Sable three spears' heads Argent ; impaling, Argent, a chevron Gules between three 
 squirrels sejant. Memoriae Thomae Williams, Armigeri, legum Anglicarum peritis- 
 simi, Medii Templi apud Londinates, Bancarii comitatui Glevensi Irenarchae Regii ; 
 hujus civitatis communis clerici, simul ac ornamenti; viri clara stirpe (Williamsorum 
 so' de Guerne Knevot, in agro Brecon'), ])robis moribus, candido ingenio, pietute 
 summa, quem omnes amarunt, adhiic deflent, in posterum desiderabunt ; Cockthrup- 
 piae in agro Oxon. nati, Glocestriae denati, juxta sepulti, ad tubae sonitum resurrecturi. 
 
 > Athen. Oxon. II. 814. J See Epitaphs. 
 
 Momi-
 
 Tfit^M.r (/V fV .Mt/f- 
 
 //fJu,//;, //./..../.././, ../ . {://<>, y ./ Ay./ r/„>r/,./f'/r;,,r:,/...
 
 EPITAPHS. 327 
 
 Monumentum hoc moerens extruxit Elizabetha Williams, dilectissima conjux. Obiit 
 
 Nov. 27, anno letatis 50 ; salutis l66j. 4. On the South side of' the Chancel. — 
 
 Arms: Two coats, I. Quarterly, 1 and 4 Argent, on a fess Sable three mullets between 
 three birds; 2 and 3, a chevron ingrailed between three birds ; impaling, Argent, a 
 chevron Sable between three pellets, onachief of the second three crosses pat^e fitch<;e 
 Argent. 2. Quarterly, I and 4, Argent, on a bend Gules three birds Or ; 2 and 3, 
 Ermine, on a bend Gules two chevronels Or; impaling Pury, as in the first coat. 
 H\nc resurgent Thomas Pvry, Armiger, Vicecomes, et iterum Major huic civitati 
 Glevo, filius haeres Gvlielmo Pvry ex uxore, sorore cohasrede .lohanni Cooke, Armig. 
 civitati huic quater Majori, juxta inhumato, qui quidem Gvlielmvs frater natu minor 
 Johanni Pvry, de Cokeham, comit' Berks, Armig. filiam habenti unicam haeredem, et 
 Gvlielmo Danvers, equiti aurato, uni h Justiciariis Communium Placit', Westm. sub 
 Henrico Sept. solam conjugcm, cum Joanna charissima conjuge Ricardi Pates, Ai', 
 sorore natu maxima, communes habuere filios quatuor, tres orbos sobole, et Gvatervm 
 cui proles mascula Thomas hodie superstes. Obierunt — ille April. 1580, ilia Maii 
 
 1594. [Then some Latin verses.] 5. Arms: Quarterly, 1 and 4 quarterlv Azure 
 
 and Gules, a cross flory Or; 2 and 3 partie per pale Azure and Gules, three lions ram- 
 pant Argent ; on an escutcheon of pretence fretty, on a chief three mullets. H. S. E. 
 Johannes Snell, Armiger, honesta stirpe natus, forma elegans et conspicuus, ingenio 
 facundus et suavis, moribus gravis et urbanus, vitas integerrimus, senatu celeberrimus, 
 numerosa prole felicissimus, conjugi praemerenti et patriae similiter orbatae desidera- 
 tissimus. Animam Deo reddidit Sept. f), 1726, aet. 44. Monumentum hoc virtu- 
 
 tibus viri optimi sacrum poni curavit uxor moestissima. 6. On an elegant mural 
 
 monument, a sitting female figure of Religion, crowned with a flame, one hand upon 
 the bosom, the other on a book, is accompanied by a weeping Genius, who holds an 
 inverted torch. Between them is a medallion of Mrs. Snell in profile, and fruit 
 issuing from a cornucopia. Arms : Quarterly, Snell, as before ; on an escutcheon of 
 pretence, quarterly, 1. Yate; 2. Berkeley of Arlingham ; 3. (iules, a stag's head ca- 
 boshed Argent ; 4. Gules, a fess between two chevronels Argent. Dorothy Snell, 
 daughter of Charles and Elizabeth Yate, of Coulthrope in the county of Gloucester, 
 born the 20th day of February 1709-10, married May the 21st, 1737, to Powell Snell, 
 Esq. of Lower Guiting. She exchanged this life for a better on the 30th day of 
 March I746, survived by two sons and one daughter. In her conduct to her parents, 
 husband, and children, obedient, faithful, afTectionate ; to her friends, neighbours, 
 and all mankind sincere, benevolent, charitable ; in health, an engaging aflability and 
 innocent cheerfulness rendered her the delight of all who knew her; in sickness, she 
 sustained a tedious and painful distemper, and felt the approaches of death with a 
 resignation and fortitude which Christian piety could alone insj)ire. This monument, 
 in gratitude to so valuable a wife, Powell Snell hath caused to be erected, [^e the 
 
 Plate.^ 7. Arms: Argent, on a fess Gules between three boars' heads Argent, a lion 
 
 passant Or ; impaling, Gules, a fess between two chevronels Argent. M.S. Sara: 
 Gough, Jacobi Gough, de Brook Holland in agro Gloucestrensi, generosi, et Marias; 
 
 conju^is
 
 328 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 conjugis prolis et spei uniciE virgiiiis. [Then an eulogy.] Parentes orbi moerentes 
 
 posuerunt. Obiit Febr' xviii. an" Dom. .'\;dclxix. 8. On a brass plate under 
 
 the window: Memorise generosissimi prudentissimiq' viri Lucae Garnons, Armigeri, ter 
 hujus urbis Preetoris dignissimi, necnon Annae uxoris suae charissimze clariss' D'nae 
 
 Johan'se Cooke, consangui' filius ac hseres Antonius Garnons H. M. P. 9. Arms : 
 
 Cheeky Sable and Argent, on a bend Gules three escallops. John Partridge, of Mi- 
 
 chell Deane, Gent, died April 12, 1667, S't. 69. [Then some scripture texts.] 
 
 10. Arms: Gules, semee of cross crosslets Argent, a saltire vaire. Thomas Hill, who 
 for many years discharged the important office of a Magistrate of this city with up- 
 rightness, and in every social and religious duty approved himself an honest man, and 
 a good Christian, died April 4, I76O, aged 77 years, and lies interred near this place 
 amongst his ancestors. Also Anna his daughter, who dyed an infant. Sarah, his 
 
 relict, in regard to his memory caused this to be erected. 11. Arms: Or, three 
 
 roundlets Azure, on a chief embattled three bezantes, impaling a bend ; Payne, as 
 before, impaling cheeky Azure and Or, on a fess three mascles. Robert Payne, some 
 time Mayor of this city, was buried Jan. 5, 1670. And Elizabeth his wife, daughter 
 of John Veale, Gent, was buried Sept. 14, 16S2. Anna, the wife of Robert Payne 
 the younger, twice Mayor and Parliament man of this city, and daughter of William 
 Capel, some time Mayor of this city, was buried March the gth, 16S1. Mr, Robert 
 
 Payne, jun. died Feb. 20, 1712, aet. 82. 12. Richard, the son of John Witt, of 
 
 Breen, gent, in the parish of Newland, in this county, was buried Sept. 19, 1687, 
 
 aet. 22. I3. Arms: Quarterly, 1 and 4 Barry of 4 Sable and Argent; 2 and 3, 
 
 Sable, on a bend Argent three lozenges Sable. [x'Vfter a Latin eulogy.] Briggetta fif. 
 Theo. Brereton, de Charlton Kings, et Hestenfil in comit' Glo. gen. obiit June 7, 
 
 1689, cum vix vicesimum exple'sset annum, variolis oppressa. 14. Hie infra requi- 
 
 escit corpus Danielis Lysons, gen. marit' Sarae j/iae mortuae, qui obiit Mar. 6, 1(j74, 
 
 aet. 71. Sarah, daughter, buried Jan. 6, 1674. 15- Margaret, the wife of John 
 
 Ewins, once Mayor, died Oct. 2, lO'SO ; also John Ewens, Alderman and late 
 Mayor, died April 30, 1696. John Ewins, gent, only son. May 16, 1696. Anne, 
 
 his daughter, Jan. 6, 1695. John, his son, Aprils, 1G97. 16*. Thomas, filius 
 
 Tho. Yate, Armig. de Arlingham, in com. Glouc. im'atura morte correptus, ob. Mar. 
 10, 1677, set. 17. [Then some Latin verses.] Joan, daughter, June 4, 1670, aet, 7. 
 
 17. Peter, the son of Henry Nourse, Esq. was buried here Feb. 9, 1666. 
 
 18. Arms: A fess cheeky; impaling on a fess three mullets between three birds. 
 Gulielmus Whitington. Ac' .... gistri gradum apud Oxonienses evectus sacerdotis 
 munus suscepit ; hujusce ecclesiae Beatae Mariae de Crypt Rector promotus. [Then 
 
 an eulogy.] Obiit Dec. 12, 1684, 2et.30. 19. Samuel Cockerel!, gent, died Sept. 1, 
 
 16S9, set. 63. Christian, his wife, Feb. 10, 1691, aet. 65. Mary, daughter, April 11, 
 
 1678, aet. 17. Christian Prise, widow, her sister. May 10, I719, aet. 48. 20. 
 
 H. S. L Johannes Grubb, A. M. natus apud Acton Burnel, in agro Salopiensi, 
 anno Domini 1645 ; cujus variam in linguis notitiam et felicem in erudiendis pueris 
 industriam grata adhuc memoria testatur Oxonium. Ibi cnim acdi Christi initiatus 
 
 arte?
 
 ST. MARY DE CRYPT. 3^29 
 
 artes excoluit, puerosq' ad easdem mox excolendas accurate formavit. Hue deiiium 
 unanimi omnium consensu accitus eandem suscepit provinciam quam feliciter adeo 
 absolvit ut nihil optandum sit nisi ut divitias nobis interfuisset. Fuit enim, propter fes- 
 tivam ingenii suavitatem, simplicem morum candorem, et praecipuam erga cognatos 
 benevolentiam, omnibus desideratissimus. Obiit ^•''' die Aprilis A.D. l6g~, set. sueeSl. 
 
 21. Mary, the wife of John Brainch, merchant, died Sept. 15, 1653. [Ihen a 
 
 punning acrostick.] 22. Arms: Six quarterings ; 1, a cross; 2, a lion rampant; 
 
 3, a lion rampant debruised by a bend ; 4, 5, 6, blank. Arthur Joanes, gent, died 
 Dec. 16, 1646. Mary, his wife (late wife of Mr. Walter Powell, Minister of Stan- 
 dish), Jan. 25, 1682. James, son of Jeremiah Jenings, July 1, I704, aged 13. 
 
 James Joanes, Sept. 28, 1702. Ann, his wife, Feb. 11, 170O. 23. Jone Jones, 
 
 the wife of John Jones, one of the Aldermene of the citie of Gloucester, departed this 
 
 life the l8th day of Januarie, an'o Dom. 1594. 24- P. M. puellae suavissimse plu- 
 
 rimisq' nominibus desideratse Anna; Weeksy, Richardi Weeksy, A. M. et parochire 
 quam vocant Sherston in agro Wiltoniensi Vicarii, ex Alicia conjuge filiae ; quae 
 
 carnes uxuvias variolarum labe foedatas posuit Maii 24, 1714, ^t. I7. 25. Arms: 
 
 Ermine, a chevron; impaling, cheeky, on a bend three lions passant. Guil. Jones, 
 hujus civitatis, gen. obiit Jan. 3, I704, set. 36. Anna, daughter, by Anna his wife, 
 
 Jan. 11, 1701. Somerset, Jan. 14, 1701. Thomas, Dec. 20, 1706. 26. Mary, 
 
 the wife of the Rev. William Alexander, died Feb. 27, I73O, aged 45- Rev. William 
 Alexander, M. A. Vicar of Hartpury, and Master of the College School, April 29, 
 1642, aged 60. Mary, his daughter, wife of the Rev. Edward Sparkes, Oct. 4, 1756, 
 
 aged 40. Mary, their daughter, Feb. 26, 1752, aged 7. 27. Arms: A chevron 
 
 between three garbs. Edward Alexander, Gent, died May 16, 1 759; aged 38. 28. 
 
 Arms: On a fess three garbs; impaling bendy of six, on a chief three birds. Henry 
 Vernon, of this city, gent. As he was the son of an eminent divine, the Rev. Mr. 
 George Vernon, A. M. Rector of Bourton on the Water, so was he eminent in his 
 profession of medicine. [Then an eulogy.] He died June 2, 1746, aged 72. Mary, 
 wife of Henry Vernon, gent. Sept. 2, I7I9, aged 40. Mrs. Gertrude Cox, his mother, 
 
 Dec. 16, 1720. 29. Arms : Cheeky, on a bend three escallops. Henry Partridge, 
 
 mercer, died June 23, I7IU, aged 35. Anne, his daughter, Mar. 5, 1704. 30. 
 
 Arms : Partie per cross, in each quarter a stag; impaling three trees. Sarah, the wife 
 of Robert Lloyd, gent, died May 26, 1735, aged 23. 
 
 Monuments without the Chancel. 
 On the South side. — 31. Arms : Two coats. 1. Arms of the City of Gloucester. 
 2. A chevron barry between three hawks' bells. On a chief Gules a tassel between 
 two birds. All in old text : 
 
 Berefte this life, here lycth under stone 
 Syr Thomas Bell, whylom a Knyght of fame, 
 Who, lyvinge here, gave food to many a one, 
 And left behynd provision for the same, 
 
 u u Haih
 
 330 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Hath lafte in store for ever to be hadd 
 Among the pore that here in tovvne shall dwell ; 
 Of lyme and stone an almcs-house hath he made 
 For sixe poor folkes, and .... the same full well. 
 Here in this streat, fast by the Southerne yate, 
 And hath the same with lyvely hoode endewed 
 That aye shall ask, and never shall . . . . ie 
 
 Thriese w' free voyce eke hath this towne allowde 
 This worthy man a Mayor's rome to wealde. 
 And thriese him cal'd in Parlement to sytt 
 Forre wealthe of them in rest at home that dwelde. 
 And novve hathe d[ea]the his worthy travayle quite 
 When he had rune of fower sco[re yea] res the race. 
 Whose spryte in Maye, as pleased God prefyxe. 
 The syxe and twentie daye, and yere of grace 
 A thowsand fyve hundred threscore and syxe, 
 This Ayer fled into the heavenly skye, 
 Where he God graunt an everlastinge time 
 In joye may lyve, and never more to dye. 
 On the verge of the tomb is written, Dame Joane Bell, the wydowe of Syr Thomas 
 Bell, Knyght, hath caused this tombe to be made, and fynished this lyfe the xiiij day 
 of June in the yere of oure Lorde God 15G7. 32. Arms : Argent, a fess Sable be- 
 tween 3 fleurs de lis Gules, impaling Gules, 3 leopards' faces Or; over all a bend en- 
 grailed Azure. John Tomes, Gent, once Sherirt' of this city, who dyed anno aetat. 
 37, salut. 1658, April 17. He married Elizabeth daughter of Thomas Dennis, Esq. 
 
 [Then some verses.] 33. Arms: quarterly, 1. and 4. Sable, a chevron between 3 
 
 fleurs de lis ; 2. Sable, a fess dancettee, an annulet for difference ; 3. Azure, 3 hedge- 
 hogs or boars (query?) Second coat: Kyrle, impaling Sable on a bend cottised Argent 
 
 3 Or. Memoriae Jacobi Kyrle, de Walford, in agro Her. Ar. et etiam Annae 
 
 uxoris ejus, filiae Roberti Waller, de Beconsfield, in agro Buck. Arm. et ex familia 
 
 Hamdeniana. [Then some Latin verses.] 34. On a handsome marble monument, 
 
 South side. Arms: Argent, a chevron engrailed between 3 griffins' heads erased. M. S, 
 Roberti Raikes, in hac civitate nuper typographi, qui obiit Sept. 7, 1757, setatis suae 
 68, On a grave-stone: Richard the son of Robert and Mary Raikes, died May 6", 
 
 1741, aged 1 year and 3 months. 35. John Rodway, once Sheriff of this city, 
 
 died May J3, 1685, aged 40. Also three of his children, viz. Sarah, John, and Eliza- 
 beth. 3fi. Arms: within a lozenge a bend engrailed, impaling a chevron 
 
 between 3 crescents. Mary RatclifF, daughter of Thomas Gosling, of this city, Gent. 
 and relict of the Rev. Mr. Robert RatclifF, late Rector of Stonehouse, in the county of 
 (Gloucester, ob. 24 Dec. I721, aged 58 years. Thomas Gosling, Esq. Feb. 12, I727, 
 aged 6'2. Thomas RatclifF, Esq. Jan. 12, I763, aged 64. Thomas his son, April 28, 
 
 1739, aged near 3 years. 37. Arms : a chevron between 3 crescents. Thomas 
 
 (iosling,
 
 ST. MARY DE CRYPT. 331 
 
 Gosling, of this city, Gent, died 17 Dec. 1708, aged 70. Elizabeth his wife, daugh- 
 ter of Thomas Bycke, of Arhngham, Gent. Nov. 26, a" 1693. Ehzabeth their daugli- 
 
 ter, Oct. 25, 1670. Thomas their grandson, buried July 29, 1694. 38- Arms : 
 
 Kyrle impaling a bend cottised, as before. James Kyrle, of Walford, in the county of 
 Hereford, Esq. and Anne his wife. He died 5 Feb. 1645, aged 52 ; she Sept. 19, 
 
 1642, aged 39. 39. Hie jacet vir eruditissimus & integerrimus Joannes Clarke, 
 
 qui ingenio summo industriam indefessam adjungens multa ad rem literariam promo- 
 vendam, et bonos mores excolendos, scripta perutilia in disciplina grammatica atq ; 
 etiam morali et vivens edidit et e'ndenda rnoriens reliquit. Ob. Apr. 29" anno salutis 
 
 1734, aetatis 48. Susanna iiis daughter, July 11, 1745, aged 17. 40. Arms: a 
 
 saltire surmounted by another. William Andrews, late of this city, sadler, son of An- 
 tony Andrews, a Prebendary of the Cathedral, died Dec. 29, 1724, aged 57. Sarah 
 his first wife, Oct. 3I, 17IO, aged 41. 
 
 Monuments without the Chancel, on the North side. 
 
 41. Arms: .... a fess Ermine, between 3 bells. John Bell, of this city, Gent, son 
 of Mr. John Bell, of Upper Slaughter, Minister, whose body resteth near this place, 
 with his mother and five of his children, died Feb. 20, 1672, aged ^9. Also Elizabeth 
 his daughter, who died Nov. the 4th, A<* Dom. l6'75. Likewise Joane Bell his relict, 
 daughter of John Beale, of Hasfield in the county of Hereford, Gent, who deceased 
 
 Jan. 19, 1700, aged 67. 42. The Rev. Mr. John Eckley and Anne his wife, who 
 
 died advanced in years ; he June the 17tl), 1723; she Jan. the gtli, 1710. Thomas 
 
 their son, Sept. 20, 1757, aged 59. Thomas son of this Thomas, Nov 1754, 
 
 aged 23. Ann Sophia, Jan. 31, I757, aged 1 5. 43. Arms: Ermine, a saltire 
 
 Gules, a crescent for difference, impaling Argent, on a fess Sable double cottised Gules 
 3 mullets Or, between 3 martlets [query?] of 2d. Frances the relict of Thomas 
 Vaughan, of Tewxburie, in this county, Gent, and daughter to James Husbandes, of 
 Wormbridge, in the county of Hereford, Esq. whose body resteth near this place. 
 [Then an eulogy.] Died Novem. 1643, aged 43, leaving behind her one son and 
 two daughters. James Vaughan, her only son, as a living testimony of affection and 
 tribute of duty to the precious memory of his dear mother, at his return from foreign 
 
 travels, caused this monument to be erected, December 1654. On Grave-stones, 
 
 North side of the Chancel. 44. Arms: on a saltire two hay-forks saltirewise; in the 
 centre a head. Sepulchro Patris ThomaB Eckley, civis pcrdilecti, hie in spe repositi 
 anno 1663, prostravit mors sceva filium Samuelem Eckley, virum admodum ornatum 
 (placito Regali Annie Reginae) asquitem auratum, qui fuit nuper hujus civitatis Major, 
 et comitatus (non sine cura gravi) Vice Comes dignissimus, eodem a" 1702. Et tan- 
 dem post signatum amorem Deo et PatrisB (jieracto aetatis sua; anno sexagesimo) ex 
 hac vita fragili et iuquieta ad sempiternam avolavit septimo die Augusti anno Do- 
 mini 1706. 4.5. Thomas Longden, Alderman and once Mayor, died April 25, 
 
 1702, aged 56. Anonyma, daughter, April 2, 1674. Anne, Dec. 25, I682, aged 6. 
 
 Thomas, Jan. 16, 1682, aged 4. 46. Joan the wife of Mr. Robert Longden. 
 
 [Then
 
 332 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 [Then some verses.] She departed this hfe to the society of all-glorified saints No- 
 vember the first, in year of her Redeemer 1657, her age 3 1, of her marriage 11. Robert 
 their second son, buried Oct. 6, ^656. The said Robert, once Alderman, died Dec. 19, 
 
 1684, aged 62. 47. The Rev. Mr. Thomas Rawhns, Clergyman, late Minister of 
 
 Randwick in this county, died 26 Dec. 175'-i, aged 60. Mary his wife 
 
 48. Arms: 3 roundlets, on a ctiief embattled 3 roundlets ; impaling cheeky, on a 
 
 fess 3 lozenges. Robert Payne, of this city, Alderman, and Anna his wife, died, he 
 
 Feb. 20, 1712, aged 82 ; she March 9, I681, aged 4.9- 49- Arms : a bend 
 
 guttee de between 2 birds ; a chief cheeky. Randall Pleydell, of this city, 
 
 Gent, died May 29, I737, aged 59. :)0. John Scriven, once Mayor and Alderman 
 
 of this city, and Jane his wife. He died 23 June, l645; she 10 Sept. 1615. Also 
 Margaret, the daughter of John Scriven the younger, who died Feb. the 2d, 163O. 
 
 51. Elizabetha Farmer, Chipping Norton in agro Oxoniensi, obiit 26 die mensis 
 
 Martii, anno Dom. 1694. Samuel Farmer, Elizae proedictae filius, nuper in hac civi- 
 tate pharmacopoeius, qui 54annos in terra moratus, 9°die Februarii, A. Dom. 1711-12, 
 expiravit, triste sui relinquens desiderium nisi quod nos etiam brevi secuturos ab illius 
 morte monentur, et juxta tres infantes illius. In mariti sepulchro conduntur cineres 
 Annee conjugis, quae post viduitatem annorum xlv, obiit Oct. 14, 175^, aged QS. 
 
 52. Arms : Pury as before, impaling a lion rampant. Thomas Pury, nuper Major 
 
 hujus civitatis Glocestria?, filius Gualteri filii Thomae Pury, Armigeri, juxta inhumati, 
 hie situs, una cum Maria conjuge sua charissima Edvardi Aly Generosa filia, 6 trimis 
 secunda. Obierunt, ille 13 Aug. 1666, ilia 6 Sept. 1668. 
 
 Monuments in the Body of the Church. 
 
 53. Against a pillar entering the Chancel. Arms : .... a bend guttle de . . . ., and 
 chief cheeky; impaling, partie per pale Azure and Gules. 3 lions rampant Argent. In 
 memory of John Piaydell, of this city, Gent, who departed this life the 24th of May 
 
 1719, in the .... year of his age. 54. Against the same pillar. Arms : Gules, a 
 
 pale lozengy Or. This monument is erected by Mrs. Margaret Purlewent, wife of 
 Mr. John Purlewent, late of this city, mercer, who departed this life the igth of 
 March 1678, aged 51 years. In memory of him her dear and loving husband, and 
 of her only beloved son, Mr. John Purlewent, whose soul returned to its Giver the 
 5th of January 1686, aged 24 years, whose body lie interred near this place. 
 
 Inscriptions on Grave-stones in the Body of the Church. 
 
 In the South Aile. 55. Elizabeth Morris, a faithful servant, who lived with Mr. 
 Samuel Wilse, of this parish, near 26 years, died June 14, 1772, aged Si years. 
 
 In the North Aile, on Grave-stones. 36. Arthur Lysons, of this city, died the 
 
 1st of March I597 ; and Anne his wife 9 June 1619. In the Cross Aile. 57. 
 
 Arms : .... a bend between 2 birds, and chief cheeky ; impaling two arrows in 
 saltire. John Purlewent, of this city, Gent, and Bridget his relict ; he died, June 3d, 
 
 1672,
 
 ST. MARY DE CRYPT. 
 
 333 
 
 1672, aged 70 ; she August 13, 1701, aged 100. Randall Playdell, Gent. August 29, 
 
 1722, aged 78. Sarah wife of Josias Randall, Gent, once Sheritt'of this 
 
 city, April 18, 1708, aged 70. Margaret his wife, 17 Jan. I715, aged 83. Ehzabeth 
 Purlewent, spinster, daughter of John and Bridget Purlewent, March 22, 1694, aged 
 
 68. 58. Richard Gough, goldsmith, Aug. 31, I701, aged 71. 59. Jana Fen- 
 
 dall, vidua fato cessit die 9 Junii 173^7 setat. anno 88"°. Hie etiam eodem 
 
 cum avia tumulo Gulielmum et Thomam filios. Fato heu nimium immaturo cor- 
 reptos fuget moestissimus pater Gulielmus Fendall. Ob. Thoma die I5 Aug. A. D. 
 1738, aet. 10°; Gulielmus die 27° Julii, A. D. 1747, set. 21. 6"0. Richard Chand- 
 ler, of this city, and Susanna his wife. He died April 17, 1695, and she the 17th of 
 May 1689. 
 
 Church-yard. Inscriptions on Tomh-sfones. 
 
 61. John Wade, of this city, Gent, died Feb. 16, 1722, aged 39. Nathaniel his 
 
 son, died young. Major VV'ade, another son, August 19, 173G, aged 18. 62. 
 
 Edward Weaver, the son of Thomas and Elizabeth Weaver, died June 8, 1755, aged 
 23. Thomas Weaver, of this city, pin-maker, died March 30, 174I, aged 40. Henry 
 Weaver, Clerk of this parish 40 years, died 24th March 1734, aged 65. Sarah his 
 
 wife died I9 Feb. I738, aged 71. 63. The Rev. Mr. John White, late Minister of 
 
 Newnham, &c. and Elizabeth his wife. He died January 27, I727, aged 42; she 
 February 17, I759, aged 70. Mary the wife of John White, of this city, Gent, died 
 
 9th July 1762, aged 47. 64. James Smith, of this city, distiller, died June 28, 
 
 1730, aged 47. Sarah his wife, July 10, 1726, aged 47. Sarah, daughter, June 21, 
 
 1740. 65. Mr. George Cowcher, attorney, died 15 Feb. 1744, aged 56. 
 
 66. John Cowcher, died July 9, I740, aged 49. Anne liis wife, Sept. 7, 1756, aged 
 ^6. George their son, March 15, 1749, aged 28. Eliza, daughter, August 19, 1750, 
 aged 19. Sarah wife of Nathaniel Bond, another daughter, April 9, 1755, aged 28. 
 
 Name, Resilience, and 
 Profession. 
 
 Samuel Skinner, glover, .... 
 
 Tliiee Sons 
 
 John Harper, Gent 
 
 Two daughters of Jeremiah f 
 Jennings, both Maries,. . t 
 
 Saiah, dau. of Samuel Pcr- 
 rocke, Gent 
 
 Sarah, wife of Wm. NichoUs, 
 Gent 
 
 Sarah their dau. born 1 Oct. 
 17'J9, 
 
 James, son of James and Do- 
 rothy Wood, 
 
 Samuel Sier 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 22 July, 1G94 57 
 
 18 Sept. 1717 62 
 2 July, 1684 
 
 — Sept. 1688 
 
 28 Oct. 1761 12 
 11 May, 1762 37| 
 17 May, 1755 
 
 — Sept. 1736 16 
 24 Feb. 1721 42 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Profession. 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Grace his wife 29 Mar. 1747 67 
 
 Mary, wife of Thomas Beale, 
 
 Gent 16 Feb. 1713 45 
 
 Margaret, wife of Thos. Branch, 
 
 tin-plate-worker, U Apr. 1762 ,18 
 
 Mary, wife of Wm. Prynn, . . 19 Jan, 1744 61 
 
 AViUiam their son 16;)1 2 
 
 Daniel, son of William, by 
 
 Mary his wife, 17 1 '> int. 
 
 John Dinwoody, of Abcrgaven- 
 
 ny, Gent 25 Feb. 1769 26 
 
 Jeremiah Hawkins, sen. of 
 
 Hempsted, yeoman, 15 Feb. 1771 73 
 
 Margaret his wife 15 Mar. 1754 45 
 
 John
 
 334 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Profession. 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 John their son 14 Jan. 1732 inf. 
 
 Sarah, their daughter, wife of 
 
 Jeremiah Hawkins, jun. of 
 
 Hempsted, 18 May, 1/65 29 
 
 Mary, wife of Jasper Taylor, 13 Feb. 1706 70 
 
 On Gravestones South side of the Chancel. 
 
 Edborah, wife of John Ball, 
 
 cardmaker, 
 
 John his son 
 
 Margaret, his second wife, . . 
 Edward, son of John and Eliz. 
 Drew, of Ledbury, f q. Here- 
 ford " 
 
 Thomas Fletcher, jun. baker, 
 
 Mary his wife 
 
 John Cooke, baker, 
 
 Eliza his wife 
 
 Eliza their daughter 
 
 Mary Cooke, spinster, their 
 
 daughter, 
 
 Samuel Cooke, son of John and 
 
 Elizabeth Cooke, 
 
 John CUfford 
 
 Eleanor his wife 
 
 John their son 
 
 Matthew their son 
 
 Elizabeth their daughter .... 
 Samuel, son of William Shep- 
 
 pard, Gent 
 
 Thomas Dobbs, son of John 
 Dobbs, Minister of Puckle 
 
 Church, 
 
 Elizabeth his daughter, wife 
 Josiah Randall, baker, .... 
 
 Richard Mitchell 
 
 Thomas, son of Sam. Hawkins, 
 
 of Hardvvick, 
 
 Margaret, wife of Jerem. Haw- 
 kins, buried 
 
 John their son 
 
 Nathaniel Perring 
 
 Margaret Thomas, widow, be- 
 fore wife of Rob. Perry,. . . . 
 Robert Perry, innholder, .... 
 
 Elizabeth his wife 
 
 Humphrey VVatson, taylor, . . 
 Hesther his relict 
 
 8 Sept. 
 
 1695 
 
 24 
 
 11 May, 
 
 1712 
 
 17 
 
 5 Sept. 
 
 1737 
 
 91 
 
 21 Aug, 
 
 1740 
 
 6 
 
 8 Feb. 
 
 1754 
 
 51 
 
 25 Aug. 
 
 1761 
 
 60 
 
 31 Jan. 
 
 1740 
 
 54 
 
 8 May, 
 
 1758 
 
 80 
 inf 
 
 25 Apr. 
 
 1767 
 
 56 
 
 11 Oct. 
 
 1767 
 
 51 
 
 17 Oct. 
 
 1747 
 
 55 
 
 21 Dec. 
 
 1746 
 
 54 
 
 30 Aug. 
 
 1722 
 
 3 
 
 21 Nov. 
 
 1733 
 
 12 
 
 8 Jan. 
 
 1747 
 
 21 
 
 20 July 
 
 1673 
 
 
 6 Feb. 1684 35 
 
 of 
 
 18 Jan. 1713 32 
 13 Aug. 1712 
 
 4 July, 1670 17 
 
 15 Mar. 1754 45 
 
 ■ 1732 inf. 
 
 19 Dec. 1763 72 
 
 28 May, 1652 67 
 18 Nov. 1685 
 30 Sept. 1685 
 
 26 Se[)t. 1702 62 
 
 8 Jan. 1719 SO 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Profession. 
 
 Richard Harris, barber, of St. 
 Owen's parish, 
 
 Humphry Watson 
 
 John Watson, inholder, .... 
 
 John Deighton, Gent 
 
 Hester, wife of Richard Harris, 
 barber, 
 
 Edward Watson, fishmonger, 
 of London, 
 
 Charles Watson, taylor, 
 
 Mary, wife of William Curtis, 
 
 apothecary, daughter of 
 
 Yeend, of Pershore, clerk,. . 
 
 Anne, his second wife, (mar- 
 ried 1st, to .... Powell ; 
 
 2d, to Bower, of 
 
 Nevvent), 
 
 William Curtis, apothecary, . . 
 
 John Gammond, baker, .... 
 
 Isaac, son, by Sarah his wife, 
 
 Philip Norton 
 
 Bridget his wife 
 
 .... Smith, grocer, 
 
 Thomas Hill, innholder, .... 
 
 Edward Elliot, innholder, 
 
 Mrs. Martha Williams 
 
 Robert Elmes, mercer, buried 
 
 Mary, (2d) wife, buried .... 
 
 Their two daughters Hannah 
 and Blick, 
 
 Elizabeth, (1st) wife 
 
 Elizabeth, their daughter,. . . . 
 
 William Blick Elrnes, Gent. . . 
 
 Rebekah his relict 
 
 Charlotte Cooke 
 
 Francis Brabant, sen 
 
 Mr. Wm. Barnsdale, clothier, 
 
 Ann Barnsdale, widow, .... 
 
 Susannah, wife of Joseph Har- 
 ris, baker, 
 
 James, son of William Barns- 
 dale, 
 
 Edward, ■» sons of Robert r 
 
 William, J Payne, jun. l 
 
 Margaret, wife of John Hol- 
 land, Gent 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 3 Dec. 1718 40 
 
 17 Apr. 1735 70 
 
 IS June, 1736 64 
 
 27 Jan. 1755 61 
 
 19 Apr. 1747 68 
 
 1 Jan. 1741 66 
 
 20 June, 1745 72 
 
 21 July, 1747 27 
 
 18 Jan. 
 
 1755 
 
 47 
 
 28 May, 
 
 1755 
 
 36 
 
 2 Feb. 
 
 1734 
 
 62 
 
 18 Dec. 
 
 1731 
 
 n 
 
 — Sept. 
 
 
 
 5 Apr. 
 
 165S 
 
 
 23 Dec. 
 
 1617 
 
 
 2 May, 
 
 1675 
 
 
 10 Dec. 
 
 1736 
 
 70 
 
 / on the North side. 
 
 23 July, 
 
 1681 
 
 
 4 Mar. 
 
 1679 
 
 
 3 May, 
 
 1666 
 
 
 27 Jan. 
 
 1654 
 
 
 2 Oct. 
 
 1715 
 
 
 25 Apr. 
 
 1720 
 
 
 7 Jan. 
 
 1765 
 
 inf. 
 
 8 Mar. 
 
 1730 
 
 64 
 
 24 Dec. 
 
 1665 
 
 
 3 June 
 
 , 1700 
 
 90 
 
 16 Feb. 
 
 1683 
 
 
 29 Nov 
 
 1661 
 
 
 29 Nov 
 
 1659 
 
 
 10 Aug 
 
 . 1661 
 
 
 15 Aug 
 
 1646 
 
 67 
 
 
 James
 
 ST. MARY DE CRYPT. 
 
 335 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 Profession. 
 
 James Rush, innholder, 2 May, 1*03 58 
 
 Mary his wife 24 Sept. 1699 64 
 
 Kosaman, second dau. of Cha. 
 Beard, and wife of James 
 
 Havens, 5 July, 1719 26 
 
 Daniel Bishop, barber-chirur- 
 
 geon, 24 Nov. 1698 
 
 Lawrence Lugg, baker, .... 30 Jan. 1693 63 
 Jasper his son, " skilful in se- 
 veral arts," 13 May, 1685 29 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Lawrence 
 
 Lugg, 14 Apr. 1701 SO 
 
 John Shipton, barber- chirur- 
 
 geon, — Mur. 1 687 
 
 Elizabeth his widow, dau. of 
 Lawrence Lugg, and before 
 
 wife of John Huffe, 20 Jan 1693 44 
 
 Henry Spring, innholder,. ... 4 Jan. 1673 
 
 Mrs. Mary Turner 10 Mar. 1751 SI 
 
 Thomas VVilcocks, upholder, 11 Nov. 1767 72 
 
 Mary his wife (2d wife), .... 17 Apr. 1741 45 
 
 Mrs. Rachel Wilcocks, sen. .. 17 de. 1746 79 
 Hesther, dau. of the above 
 
 Thomas and Mary, 1 Apr. 1 75 1 6 
 
 Mr. Edward Bennet, apothe- 
 cary, 10 Aug. 1744 53 
 
 Hester his wife 14 Jan. 1759 78 
 
 John Moutlow, mercer, II June, 1742 50 
 
 Elizabeth his wife 15 Apr. 1761 77 
 
 John their son IS Apr. 1726 10 
 
 Betty their d.uighter 20 J;ui. 1742 19 
 
 Hannah, wife of William Hope, 
 
 Gent 13 Apr 1727 30 
 
 Mary, daughter of Rob. Elmes, 
 
 mercer, 27 Sept 1650 
 
 Robert, son of the above Robert 3 Oct. 1654 
 
 Miles Bell, mercer, 21 Feb. 1741 42 
 
 Sarah his sister 10 May, 1748 49 
 
 Rose Bell, (widow of John Bell, 
 Minister of Ujiper Slaugh- 
 ter), buried 20 May, 1670 
 
 Miles -^ , ., , , , , r 8 Sept. 1662 
 
 . I Chddrcn of John I _,. ^^ ,„„„ 
 
 Joan >„„,., < 26 Dec. 1068 
 
 ,,., Bell, buried I ,,, , ,„,,, 
 Miles -' ^12 ;\ug. 16;o 
 
 EUinor, dau. of John Bell, 
 
 of this city, buried 21 May, 1650 
 
 John Maddockc, Gent 27 Aug. 1658 
 
 Thomas his son 18 Sept. 1658 
 
 Paule Harding, of the Barton, 
 
 yeoman, 21 Dec. 1713 67 
 
 Nainf^, Resilience, an J Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Profession. 
 
 John Madocke, jun. Gent. .. 9 Aug. 1670 
 Joyce, wife of John Madocke, 
 
 Gent 21 Aug. 1663 
 
 John Hathaway, sadler, .... 17 Oct. 1709 32 
 Samuel, son, by Sarah his 
 
 wife, 11 May, 1701 2 
 
 Marmaduke Clark 30 Sept. 1751 74 
 
 Sarah his wife 10 Ai>r. 1753 75 
 
 Thomas Huniphris, barber,. . 9 Dec. 1695 
 
 Ann Humphris, widow, 15 Dec. 1762 90 
 
 Samuel Humphris, uncle to 
 
 the above Thomiis, 5 Nov. I717 63 
 
 Thomas Huniphris, grocer, . . 23 A\n: 1729 34 
 
 Susannah his wife 22 Feb. 1727 30 
 
 Samuel their son 6 
 
 Thomas their son 29 Jan. 1744 20 
 
 Nave. 
 
 Alice, wife of Wm. Holthani, 
 
 grocer, 19 Apr. 1736 34 
 
 Ann their daughter 26 Jan. 1733 2 
 
 James Clement Dowle, mercer, 25 Oct. I7I6 36 
 Jobson, Sarah ; daughters, . . died infants. 
 John, son of Nathan Clutter- 
 buck, of Eastington, Gent. 6 Sept. 1663 
 
 Margaret his dau 15 July, 1670 
 
 Elizabeth Morris (a faithful 
 
 servant, who lived with Mr. 
 
 Samuel VVilse, of this parish, 
 
 near 26 years, 14 Jun. 1772 81 
 
 Luke, son of John Scriven the 
 
 younger, 11 Jan. 1636 
 
 John Carter, baker, 6 Sept. 1754 65 
 
 Sarah his wife 9 Aug. 1755 64 
 
 Eight Children of Thos. Smith, 
 
 glover, and Mary his wife, died infants. 
 
 Thomas Drew 21 Dec. 1708 34 
 
 Hannah his relict (late wife of 
 
 Thomas Fletcher, Gent.) . . iFeh. 1743 71 
 
 Tlie above Thomas Fletcher. . 22 Sept. 1747 77 
 Mary, wife of Edmund Cul- 
 
 lelt, haberdasher, 14 Jan. 1717 89 
 
 Geoige Perkins, sen. baker,. . — Aug. 1/26 49 
 
 Martha his wife 11 Dee. 1736 54 
 
 Three of their Children, ]\Iary, 
 
 another Mary and Elizabeth, 
 
 George Perkins, jun. baker,. . 13 Jan. 1734 25 
 
 John his son 17 Aug. 1/26 4 
 
 Thomas Hoare, grocer, 20 Aug. 1723 58 
 
 Elizabeth his wile 13 July, 1/06 
 
 John
 
 336 HISTORY OF 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Profession. 
 
 John Purlewent, Gent 19 Mar. 167S 51 
 
 Margaret his wife S^ Apr. 1713 7.*5 
 
 John Purlewent, jun 5 Jan. 1686 24 
 
 Mrs. Margaret Soudly, ilau. of 
 
 Mr.John Purlewent, mercer, 8 Mar. 1*27 
 
 John Tunks 17 May, 1604 
 
 .... Pury 30 Oct. 164 . 
 
 Richard Gwinnett, baker, 28 Oct. 1690 
 
 Sarah, relict, late wife of Thos. 
 
 Fletcher, Gent 1 May, 1777 61 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Edmund 
 
 George, 7 Sept. 1768 ,54 
 
 Clement Rogers, Gent 16 Oct. 1646 
 
 William Holtliani, chandler, 4 June, 1*03 77 
 
 Mary his wife 13 Jan. 1695 70 
 
 Five Children of W. Holtham, 
 
 buried, viz. 
 
 Oliver 17 July, 1655 
 
 Oliver 10 June, 1653 
 
 Mary 9 Apr. 1664 
 
 Charles 24 July, 1665 
 
 William S Apr. 1673 
 
 Also Dionis Moore, their dau. 
 
 Joan, wife of Edward Holtham, 31 Dec. 1713 42 
 
 Sarah, wife of Wm. Madocke 
 
 Taylor, and her infant, 22 May, 1647 24 
 
 Thomas Whitfield, vintner,.. 27 Dec. 1716 34 
 
 Joseph his son C Aug. 1712 inf. 
 
 Anne, Elizabeth, and Maria, 
 
 daughters of Rich Whitfield, 
 
 by Elizabeth his wife, .... died infants. 
 Mary, second wife of Henry 
 
 Wheller, 12 Dec. 
 
 Also his three Children, Henry, 
 
 Elizabeth, and John 1611 
 
 Henry Whiller, carpenter,. ... 7 Nov. 1628 
 
 Edwaid Holtham, grocer,. .. . 29 Aug. 1731 70 
 
 Edward his son 18 Jan. 1726 22 
 
 Charles Hoare 16 Jan. 1669 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Charles 
 
 Hoare, 2 July, 
 
 Richard Gough, goldsmith, . . 31 Aug. 1701 71 
 
 William Hanold — Aug. 1718 65 
 
 Jane his wife 22 Nov. 17.35 81 
 
 Ann, wife of Charles Dimock, 
 
 mercer 3 July, 1719 34 
 
 Francis Ashmeade, mercer, .. 21 May, 1738 
 
 Susannah, mother of Francis, 12 May, 1758 83 
 Mr. Cressey Dimock, mercer, 
 
 buried 16 Mav, 1680 
 
 GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Susanna his wife 25 Nov. 17OS 
 
 John, son, 
 
 Three of their Children, Mary, 
 Mary, and John. 
 
 Charles Dimock 19 Mar. 1737 61 
 
 M.Cheney 20 Feb. 1755 77 
 
 Mary, wife of Roger Church, 18 Feb. 1703 42 
 Three of their Children, Su- 
 sannah, Margaret, and Mary, 18 Feb. 1703 42 
 
 Henry Lea, cordwainer, 27 Dec. 1709 70 
 
 Joan his wife 28 Oct. 1697 54 
 
 Margaret their daughter .... 21 Jan. 1698 
 
 Cliurch-yard. 
 
 Anthony New Sudrook, fish- 
 monger, 12 Mar. 1766 60 
 
 Anne his wife 24 Sept. 1 766 53 
 
 Thomas Merrey, cordwainer, 28 Feb. 1770 82 
 
 Elizabeth his wife 19 June, 1763 81 
 
 John, son of Thomas Merrey, 6 Apr. 1761 45 
 Henry Weaver, jiarish clerk 
 
 for 40 years, 24 Mar. 1734 65 
 
 Sarah his wife 19 Feb. 1738 71 
 
 Thomas Lander, innholder, . . 21 Sept. 1725 80 
 
 Joan his wife 2 May, 1752 76 
 
 Susannah, w ife of Thos. Organ, 
 
 innholder, 1 Jan. 1767 48 
 
 Thomas Pace, bricklayer, 1 July, I768 53 
 
 Thomas his son died an infant. 
 
 Joseph Holder, taylor, 5 Aug. I76I 49 
 
 Sarah his wife 4 Apr. 1 766 58 
 
 Richard Whitfield, cordwainer, 2 Feb. 
 
 Frances his relict 1666 
 
 Edward his son 14 Feb. 1688 
 
 Thomas Francks, butcher, . . 16 Sept. 1744 35 
 
 Martha, wife of .Tohn Box, .. 19 Oct. 1767 60 
 
 Joan his wife 16 Sept. 1762 29 
 
 John and Abigail, their Chil- 
 dren died infants. 
 
 James Lander, maltster, .... 9 Sept. 1727 SO 
 
 John Organ 20 Mar. 1744 45 
 
 Mary his wife 11 Nov. 1732 28 
 
 William, son of John Organ, 
 
 buried 4 Jidy, 1742 13 
 
 Anthony Gardiner, baker,. .. . 22 .Aug. 1737 61 
 
 Sarah his wife 27 May, 1726 41 
 
 Joseph their son, S Mar. 17.52 29 
 
 Richard Day 20 Jan. 1758 40 
 
 Ann, wife of Wm. Mo, (sicj 
 
 blacksmith, 26 Nov. 1765 25 
 
 Williaiu
 
 ST. MARY DE CRYPT. 
 
 337 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Profession. 
 
 William their son 8 Dec. 1756 
 
 John Darke 21 Jan. 1757 50 
 
 Mary his wife 2 Aug. 1765 55 
 
 John Darke, servant of S. Mary 
 
 de Load, U Mar. 1702 65 
 
 John Darke 20 Dec. 1745 67 
 
 Deborah his wife 24 Jan. 1720 43 
 
 Thomas Bowler 23 July, 1723 80 
 
 King Edw. Ursell fsicj Mason. 22 Apr. 1763 42 
 
 Mary, wife of William Draper, 8 June, 1750 32 
 
 Edw. Robinson, ironmonger, . — Nov. 1745 74 
 
 Sarah his wife — Mar. 174# 73 
 
 John Hawkins 19 Mar. 174f 44 
 
 Margaret his wife 31 Dec. 1745 43 
 
 William Axon 20 Aug. 1763 56 
 
 Elizabeth his wife 3 Sept. 1766 59 
 
 Mary their daughter 5 Dec. 1761 31 
 
 William Weaver 15 Apr. 1770 66 
 
 Anne his wife 21 Oct. 1764 67 
 
 Thomas Guy, cutler, 
 
 Elizabeth his wife 
 
 Joan his wife ——— 1643 
 
 Edward Grigg 19 May, 1760 54 
 
 Mary, wife of William Smith, . 9 Mar. 1767 25 
 Mary, wife of William Dowless, 
 
 of Winterborn, 15 Jan. 1723 63 
 
 William their son — Mar. 1730 23 
 
 Richard Organ, of Almonds- 
 bury, son of John Organ, of 
 
 Horfield 21 Apr. 1735 31 
 
 William Stephens, pinmaker, . 10 Feb. 1709 30 
 
 Hannah (3d) wife 5 Oct. 1736 54 
 
 William Stephens, 1740 
 
 James Suain 5 Oct. 1758 55 
 
 Margaret his wife 2 May, 1736 36 
 
 Elizabeth his wife 2 May, 1758 53 
 
 Thomas Brown 6 May, 1762 68 
 
 Dorothy his wife 13 Aug. 1763 76 
 
 Henry his son 8 Dec. 1746 25 
 
 Ehzabeth his daughter 13 Dec. 1746 20 
 
 Thomas Brown 19 Aug. 1726 
 
 Alice his wife 6 Aug. 1722 65 
 
 Thomas Rowly 26 Aug. 1732 20 
 
 Krancis Rowly 29 Aug. 1741 32 
 
 Henry Eliot 23 Jan. 1721 74 
 
 John Beach 7 Dec. 1 698 29 
 
 William Cock 24 May, 1690 58 
 
 Elizabeth his wife 13 Dec. 1713 
 
 Jolin Smith 10 Sept. 1747 40 
 
 HiiimelCook S Mar. 1716 47 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 Profession. 
 
 Sarah his wife 25 Dec. 1752 98 
 
 William his son 7 Apr. 1727 3o 
 
 Mary Cook 13 June, 1762 57 
 
 William Terrett 15 Sept. 1738 19 
 
 Richard Drinkwater 2 Dec. 1718 
 
 Mary his wife 15 July, 1745 
 
 Thomas Dark 1 May, 1751 25 
 
 John Bradley 16 May, 1710 60 
 
 Mary his wife 11 Apr. 1714 57 
 
 John his son 15 
 
 James his son 1 4 
 
 Jane Bi-adley 24 Apr. 1723 54 
 
 James Baker 17 Nov. 1762 57 
 
 John Tomlins 2 Nov. 1694 
 
 Sarah his wife 15 Sept. 1715 
 
 Robert Butt 12 July, 1703 61 
 
 Isabel Hayford — Feb. 1690 54 
 
 Elizabeth Hayford 1720 
 
 John Hayford 12 Jan. 1755 57 
 
 Anne his daughter 3 Oct. 1749 4 
 
 John Hayford 21 Oct. 1699 51 
 
 Henry Rushworth — July, 1694 
 
 Joseph Hale 21 Nov. 1720 30 
 
 Elizabeth Sparrow 24 Aug. 1682 21 
 
 William Sparrowhawk 14 Nov. 1718 81 
 
 Mary his wife 9 May, 1687 
 
 Edborah Ball 8 Sept. 1695 24 
 
 John her son 11 May, 1712 17 
 
 George Evans 21 June, 1722 
 
 Elizabeth his wife 16 Apr. 1728 
 
 William Axon 13 Feb. 1716 83 
 
 Joan his wife 20 Feb. 17 10 
 
 Thomas Kircombe 31 July, 1691 
 
 Elizabelh his wife 24 Mar. 1661 
 
 Henry Nellings 27 Dec. 17 1 1 49 
 
 Richard Swain 20 Nov. 1762 68 
 
 Richard Swain 19 Sept. 1737 70 
 
 Katharine his wife 2 Oct. 1758 80 
 
 Fiisf. 
 
 Robert Large 4 Dec. 1766 37 
 
 William Cooke, butcher, 10 Mar. 1734 .58 
 
 Kichard Price, innholder,. .. . 26 Apr. I76."i 1 i 
 
 Murgaret his wife 22 May, 1764 77 
 
 Kicluird their son 19 Jan. 176.'i 31 
 
 Henry Modway 18 Oct. I'-lo 54 
 
 (iruce his wife, and late wife of 
 
 William Brabant, 13 Dec. 1752 73 
 
 James Sparrow, cooper 21 Sept. 1760 34 
 
 John Bicknell, sen 29 Jan. 1760 68 
 
 X Eli
 
 338 HISTORY OF 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 Profession. 
 
 Elizabeth his wife 2 Mar. 1749 69 
 
 Sarah Bicknell 5 Jan. 1767 77 
 
 John Bullocl<, 16 Mar. 1746 52 
 
 Samuel Liigg (Sarah his wife) 10 Dec. 1717 
 
 John Cowels, taylor, 12 May, 1741 63 
 
 Elizabeth Barrel 18 Aug. 1761 74 
 
 Henry Crump 29 Dec. 1767 67 
 
 Jane liis wife IS Apr. 1764 50 
 
 Richard Beddo, (Anne his wife) 22 Aug. 1741 .52 
 
 Anne, wife of Abraham Smith 26 Mar. 1728 40 
 
 Sarah, wife of Thomas Garner, 19 Dec. 1723 51 
 
 Aaron Clark, maltster, 9 Nov. 1757 53 
 
 John Clark, innliokier, 9 Aug. 1761 30 
 
 Elizabeth iiis wife, dan. of Wil- 
 liam and Elizabeth Tovey,. . 19 Feb. 177* 36 
 
 William Tovey, in nholder 21 Mar. 1758 51 
 
 Eliza his wife 10 Dec. 1753 44 
 
 WiUiam VVlieeler, bricklayer, . 28 Feb. 1753 60 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife 12 Aug. 1745 46 
 
 William Powell, plumber, 1 Oct. 1758 84 
 
 Anne, wife of William Powell, 3 Sept. 1745 66 
 
 Martha, wife of John Price, . . 2 Apr. 1719 
 
 Thomas Bird 26 Mar. 1/58 61 
 
 Sarah, wife of Richard Weale, 5 June, 1729 
 
 James Dancocks, innholder, . . 17 Nov. 1758 77 
 
 Susanna his wife 19 Mar. 1753 68 
 
 North. 
 
 Richard Carpenter, of Barton 
 
 Street, 9 Apr. 1757 85 
 
 Elizabeth his wife 20 Apr. 1732 52 
 
 Mary his second wife 18 Feb. 1755 69 
 
 James Cooke 22 Mar. 1739 28 
 
 Sarah, wife of Giles Brabant, . 18 Aug. 1749 26 
 
 GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease, Age. 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Susanna, wife of Samuel Harris 11 May, 
 
 Joseph Harris 10 Feb. 
 
 James Prosser 30 Apr. 
 
 Mary Bo.Mon 28 Sept. 
 
 William Window 5 Oct. 
 
 Thomas Redy 19 Oct. 
 
 Elizabeth his wife 15 Nov. 
 
 Anne, wife of John Maverley, 5 Oct. 
 
 William Donn 4 July, 
 
 Susanna, wife of Joseph Davis, 24 Nov. 
 
 Anne, wife of William Crickly, 10 Oct. 
 
 Ralph Critchly 19 Sept. 
 
 Jane, wife of 17 Dec. 
 
 Nathaniel Rowles 23 Oct. 
 
 Job Cowly 29 Oct. 
 
 Jane, his wife 2 Feb. 
 
 Job Cowley 2 June, : 
 
 Susanna, his wife 15 Feb. 
 
 John Clavely 26 Nov. 
 
 Mary, wife of Richard Beach . 23 May, 
 
 Nathaniel Harris 22 June, 
 
 Alice, wife of Thomas lies. ... 24 Oct. 
 
 Thomas lies 23 Jan. 
 
 Thomas lies 14 Feb. 
 
 Alice . . ook 2 Oct. 
 
 Richard Weever 26 Mar. 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife 29 June, 
 
 Henry Weever 1 Feb. 
 
 Mary, his wife 18 Mar. 
 
 John Ady 10 July, 
 
 Mary, wife of William Crichly . 17 Sept. 
 
 Anne, wife of Henry Clavely. . 22 Jan. 
 
 Susanna, wife of Rich. Weaver 11 June, 
 
 1731 
 
 24 
 
 1706 
 
 
 1768 
 
 63 
 
 1765 
 
 25 
 
 1746 
 
 79 
 
 1701 
 
 
 1735 
 
 70 
 
 1745 
 
 40 
 
 1703 
 
 
 1764 
 
 82 
 
 1746 
 
 44 
 
 1738 
 
 30 
 
 1708 
 
 36 
 
 1680 
 
 49 
 
 1727 
 
 42 
 
 1740 
 
 55 
 
 1722 
 
 76 
 
 1728 
 
 S3 
 
 1749 
 
 36 
 
 1718 
 
 — 
 
 1728 
 
 48 
 
 17.. 2 
 
 45 
 
 1703 
 
 56 
 
 1666 
 
 — 
 
 1761 
 
 80 
 
 1770 
 
 73 
 
 1744 
 
 55 
 
 1727 
 
 33 
 
 1739 
 
 52 
 
 1738 
 
 55 
 
 1765 
 
 57 
 
 1722 
 
 60 
 
 1685 
 
 40 
 
 ST.
 
 339 
 
 ST. MARY DE GRACE, 
 
 OR GRACE-LANE, CALLED ALSO ST. MARY IN THE MARKET. 
 
 If any thing connected with Gloucester is fitted to excite pecuhar indignation, it is 
 tiie phinder and desecration of its places of worship. It seems one deliberate cruel 
 insult upon reason, justice, and the best interests of civilized society. As a question 
 of pure reason, it was at first a most wretched substitution of useless superstition and 
 ignorant barbarism, which demonstrates that religious error is a selfish concern acting 
 upon folly. The clergy were to have no motive to duty beyond the details of office, 
 through pauperism and discouragement, thus betraying the grossest ignorance of 
 political science, viz. that a low Clergy (like the Russian) makes a barbarous peopled 
 By the subsequent revolutionists, only one idea seems to have entered into their wise 
 heads, that prayers could not be religiously said ivithln old stones and mortal' (as if 
 such things were capable of moral error) by men of regular education. The religious 
 philosopher, however, knows that reverence for consecrated spots is an important aid 
 of virtue ; and a necessary principle to inculcate on the public mind. 
 
 It is impossible to read the account of this unfortunate place of worship, now under 
 consideration, without feeling the full force of these remarks. 
 
 The Abbey of St. Peter seized upon the endowment of this church, as a chapel, 
 or perpetual curacy belonging to the Church of the Holy Trinity, leaving the oblations 
 and profits to a chaplain, at the yearly rent of 10*.*^ The endowment of this, and 
 most of the other churches, seem to have consisted of houses in the city, nearly all 
 of which, various abbies contrived to get into their own hands. This appears here; 
 for John Benne had licence to give a shop which he held of the parson of this 
 church by the rent of 13.S. 4d. per annum, to the Abbey of Hales''. It does not 
 appear in the Harleian Valor as a distinct ])arish, having been confirme<l by Archbi- 
 shop Cranmer in 1534 to St. Peter's Abbey, as a Chapel of Trinity Church, in the 
 Church was a chantry, dedicated to St. Mary ; and in Grace-lane, a messuage called 
 (irace-lane College, or Priest's College, for the residence of the ministers, which, 
 being purchased of the crown, was given bv Hirhnrd Pate, Esq. for the maintenance 
 of a School and Hospital at Cheltenham'^. 
 
 a The infamous knavery of the great Abbies is well |H)inliayo<l in the following record. In 131," an In- 
 quisition was taken at Gloueeslei- by the King's Eselualor, whieh liiids that William of Cheltenham as,>iirne(l 
 a Chai)lain to sing in the Chinch of St. Mary in the Soulh-gale .Street, for ever, whose sustenance was to 
 arise from a tenement near the Friar's Preachers, and this Chantry the .Abbot of Winchcombe halh with- 
 drawn ; and that Stephen of Glastonbury hath assigned a Chaplain to sing in the Abbey of St. Peter, whose 
 sustenance was to arise from a tenement in Upper Smith Street, which Chantry the Abbot of St. Peter's 
 hath withdrawn. Glouc. Abbey Keg. B. N"> 1020. MSS. Prinn. 
 
 b MSS. Furney. c Inq. ad quod damnum, 16 Edw. III. No 30. Glouc. J MSS. Furney. 
 
 Chantries
 
 340 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Chantries were endowments for certain ministers to pray for the souls of the foun- 
 ders ; but not till after they had first done so for those of the kings, who had licensed 
 the foundation. As they were not allowed to celebrate their private masses at the 
 high altar, those numerous structures and chapels of which we read in our antient 
 churches, were devoted to this purpose, that they might not disturb each other. 
 " Such Priests," says Fuller, " as have the addition of Sir before their christian-name, 
 were men not graduated in the university, being in Orders but not in Degrees, 
 whilst others entituled blasters had commenced in the ^rts. Note, that generally 
 founders of chantries preferred priests not beneficed to those places, as best at leisure 
 constantly to attend the same. Nor did their dead founders so ingrosse the devotion 
 of those priests, but that by general and special Obits for other men, procession-pence, 
 and other perquisites, they much bettered their maintenance. Single priests com- 
 monly had the greatest salaries (more in proportion than when others were joyned 
 with them in the same society) because tied to daily duty, having none by turns to 
 relieve them, and the greater ivorke deserved the greater ivages." 
 
 Chantry-lands were subject to deductions, as quit-rents, tenths to the king, &c. but 
 " one generall expence was for an anniversary potation (seldome exceeding ten shil- 
 lings) founded, as it seems, on Job's words. Job iv. as Bellarmine citeth the chapter, 
 without verse, ' Panem tuum, et vinum tuum super sepidturam justi constitue : 
 (Put thy bread and thy wine upon the sepulture of the just man.) But no such 
 words appear in the place alleged, though some such like are found in the ivth of 
 Tobit, (iv. 17,) where, notwithstanding no mention of wine, which the Jesuite adds 
 of his own, that it might not be a drie (as some since have added wax, that it might 
 not be a dark) feast. Bread, wine, and wax, being the essentials of every potation. 
 The charges of an Anniversary Obit was (sic) also deducted, whereof ^br^^ shillings 
 the market price ; though some were so free they gave more, and some so favoured 
 they had them for lesse *." If any priest, through sickness, &c. could not celebrate, 
 he was bound to make a recompense by psalms and prayers : the clergy too who ob- 
 tained them used to let them toothers, reserving a profit f. There were also Itinerants. 
 The ordinary price of a Mass of this kind was 4^. ; but, if they dealt in the gross, it 
 was 40 marks for 2000 s. 
 
 The church had a spire, and consisted of one aile. It stood on the place called the 
 Knapp, used for the Herb and Fish Market, East of the King's Board. The parish 
 being by parliamentary ordinance united to St. Michael's in 1648, the church was 
 converted into a magazine for ammunition; and in 1652, demolished for repairs of 
 St. Michael's, and other uses. At the Restoration the parish again became separate, 
 and the minister of St. Michael's performs the parochial duties*'. 
 
 e Fuller's Church History, Book VI. p. 359. f Lyndwood's Piovinciale, p. 230. 280. 
 
 e Hawkins's Musick, II. 100. t MSS. Furney. 
 
 Incumbents.
 
 I 
 
 \ 
 
 ^^
 
 ST. MARY DE GRACE. 
 
 341 
 
 INCUMBENTS. 
 
 1344. 
 1509. 
 1512. 
 
 1531- 
 1548. 
 
 1551. 
 1556. 
 
 John Hamelyn. 
 John Playsted. 
 
 } 
 
 1558. 
 
 1562. 
 1569. 
 
 William Slekeborn. 
 
 John Fishpoole. 
 
 Richard Laurens. 
 
 John More, Vicar of Standish. 
 
 John Merrie, sometime a Chantry 
 Priest of St. Mary de Load's, 
 afterwards Curate of St. Aldate's. 
 
 Thomas Sebroke, sometime Cu- 
 rate of the Holy Trinity. 
 
 Roger Stiche, a Minor Canon. 
 
 Thomas Leipse. 
 
 1572. William Preston, some time Cu- 
 rate of St. Michael's and St. Ni- 
 cholas. 
 
 1575- William Fortie, Vicar of Min- 
 ster worth. 
 
 1580. William Webster, Vicar of St. 
 Mary de Load. 
 
 1594. Nicholas Dismyll. 
 
 1597- ( Robert Hawerd, (or Haverd,) 
 
 1628. i Curate of St. Owen's. 
 
 1P34. William Hulett, Curate of St. 
 Owen's ; MinorCanon ; deprived, 
 with the other Members of the 
 Cathedral. 
 
 ST. MARY DE LODE, 
 
 CALLED ALSO ST. MARY BEFORE THE GATE OF ST. PETER, 
 ST. MARY BROAD GATE, AND ST. MARY DE PORT. 
 
 This parish is said to have derived the adjunct of De Lode from the Severn formerly 
 running near it; and this may have been the fact, but it is not easy to give a satisfac- 
 tory explanation of the term. 
 
 In the church is a monument, absurdly ascribed to King Lucius; but it is the 
 figure of a religious person, and has the robe of a Monk, as well as the arms crossed 
 upon the breast, the common attitude of these religious. It lies under an arch, and 
 this shows that it is, as well as the church, in the main, of the style of the thirteenth 
 century, and belongs to the person by whose means or architectural skill the fabrick 
 was erected '. It seems, that the sacrilegious persons who lived in the time of the 
 Civil Wars were better rogues than antiquaries, for they opened this tomb, in hopes 
 of finding valuable treasure in it, but were disappointed. 
 
 It was not to be expected, but a parish so large, and including the most valuable es- 
 tates of St. Peter's Abbey, would be appropriated to that Monastery. Accordinjily, 
 
 ' Cough's Sepulchral Monuments, Introduction, vol. 1. p. 85, 88.
 
 342 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 this was done, and the Vicar dismissed with a corrody pension of five marks a year, 
 hay for one horse, and entertainment for himself, a chaplain, a deacon, and two 
 clerks, at the Abbey s table on certain fosthmls ^, a provision for occasional feasting 
 being in those days as customary a thing in clerical endowments as that for prayers. 
 In any modern estabhshment of benefices such a provision would properly be consi- 
 
 ^ MSS. Furney. — These collections say, that Gilbert FoHol (when Abbot of St. Peter's) assigned the 
 church; with its chapels of St Giles at Maisemore, St. l.,avvrence at Barnwood, and St, Leonard at Upton, 
 for the light of the Altar of St. Peter 19 Ed. 1. The Vicanige was taxed at thirty marks. John de Rodbe- 
 row's pension in it (of which hereaftet) was twenty-three marks. The Sacrist of St. Peter's had five marks, 
 the Prior of Lanthony in great tythes two marks, and the Rector of this church had five shillings out of that 
 at Malson. At the composition in 1304 with the Vicar (as given in the text) all persons belonging to the 
 Abbey, though jjarishioners, might be interred in the Abbey church-yard; the \icar to have the first mass^ 
 and all the oblations arising from it, and the Abbey to j)ay no tithes for things privileged being within the 
 pari-h. In 1313 the church was assigned (^by the King's licenee) for sustaining and repairing the Virgin 
 Mary's Chapel in the Abbey. Pope Urban the Sixth, and Boniface the Ninth, appropriated its revenues, 
 which were forty marks, to the service of the Abbey. 
 
 [The words of the Inquisition ad quod damnum, ' Edward II. taken on the occasion, specify the annual 
 value of the church at only ten marks. F.] 
 
 In 1394 the appropriation was acknowledged and ratified by the Bishop of Worcester, as it was by the 
 Prior thereof in 14S3, and at the Metropolitical Visitation of Archbishop Cranmer Sept. 3, 1534. In 1398 
 the Abbey granted an annual pension of Gs. 8rf. for all episcopal dues April 13, 1403. Instead of a former 
 decree, that the Abbey should out of their levenues p.y yearly ^.16". 13*. -id. to the priests, and for the use 
 of All Saints Chapel in the Abbey, sixteen marks to the poor of this parish and of the Holy Trinity, and 
 a^.lO for the Infirmary. The Bishop of Worcester, with the consent of the Abbey, ordained, that the Vicar 
 should have only the care of the Vicanxge, and enjoy a yearly pension of ^.10, with the house belonging to 
 the Vicarage. The Abbey to pay Ids, %d. to the poor of the parish, and receiving all the oblations and 
 profits arising in the Chinch, to provide all (query at?) their charge what other Chaplains should be neces- 
 sary or used to be in the Church and Chapels thereof." 
 
 The portion of Mr. John de Rodbcrow, mentioned before, was some share of the tithes detained sepa- 
 rately from the Rectory and Vicarage; and for some time reputed a distinct independent Rectory in itself. 
 It was successively enjoyed by William de Berneis, John de Rodberowe (presented to it by the Abbey 
 April 24, 1'2S5), and Reginald de Scipton, &c. as belonging to the Vicarage, though a distinct object of 
 presentation. The Archdeacon adds, " Will, de Chamberlain, in 130'2, was presented by the Abbey, as well 
 to this portion as to the Vicarage, according to the decrees made to this purpose. And 'tis likely no per- 
 son had it afterwards, because Piothing doc^ since occur relating to it. [It appears from Mr. Prynn's MSS. 
 that the Abbey Register A. No. 103, 104, 10."), 106, 107, 108, 111, contained the presentations to this Vi- 
 carage by the Abbey. No. 109, 110, show, that Reginald of Shipton, being Vicar anno 1302, and detaining 
 a portion as Rector, sentence was auarded against him. By composition between the Abbot and Vicar, 
 anno 1304, the latter is allowed the oblations and obientions of all his i)arishioners who chose to be in- 
 terred in the Abbey church-yard ; the .\bbey not being bound to pay tythes (as Rectors) for their sheep 
 in this parish ; but the Vicar to have the tithes universal of tlie sheep of all other persons ; nor to pay tythes 
 for two crofts at Bridekesmill, which crofts were not tyiheable to any one. Reg. A. No. 112.] 
 
 " This parish i= now very large, and anciently was much larger than at piesent : for some part of Lassing- 
 ton, and other places, were reputed to be in it. And 'tis said, that Lawford's Gate, with 48 houses on this 
 side of it, ailjoyning to the City of Bristol, belongerl to it, and had a proper oflicei , assigned for collecling 
 the dues, and performing other offices there necessarj. Lands in Stow on the Wold are likewise said to 
 have belonged to it ; and there are two hamlets that pertain to it which lie without the city, viz. Tuffly 
 and Kingsholm, part of Longford and Twigworth, Down Hatherley, Wotton, and several lands without 
 the West Gate. 
 
 dered
 
 ST. MARY DE LODE. 343 
 
 dered more than indecorous, but in former times intimate friends made written agree- 
 ments, even fathers and sons, in due form of law, concerning the time, duration, and 
 terms of visiting '. 
 
 The enormous size of this parish, as it formerly existed, is an undeniable proof of.its 
 very great antiquity. As the Priory of St. Oswald was the Chapel Royal to the 
 King's Hall, so it is probable that this was the British Parochial Church. No men- 
 tion of more than one priest occurs in Domesday, throughout the whole city, and, 
 according to that Record, except the Abbies of St. Peter and St. Oswald, there was 
 only one parish church in the whole city at the time of the Conquest. The item 
 alluded to says, " Arnulfus the prie.st [holds] one mansion, which pays gabel, and 
 withholds other custom." It is presumed, that this refers to the church of St. Mary 
 de Lode, because no other parish in the city was of equal dimensions ; and it is also 
 supported by the floating traditions concerning King Lucius. St. Aldate's, upon some 
 presumptions, appears to have been contemporary, but (if just) was comparatively a 
 mere chapel for the British Bishops, which went into decay with the See; because the 
 Anglo-Saxon Uiocese was that of Worcester. All this is undoubtedly hypothetical, but 
 it suggests itself from circumstantial evidence to the Antiquary, and is therefore 
 mentioned, whatever credit may be due to it. 
 
 In this parish was also an ancient Hermitage, that of Saintbridge. Piers Plowman 
 says, " Hermits on a hepe with hohed staves." Of what form this was is unknown. 
 In one of the Bodleian MSS. " is the figure of a Monk, carrying a stafi", topped by a 
 cross bottonee. In this church is a very ancient flat stone covering the grave of a 
 hermit. It is almost at the West end of the South aile, and has a crosn bottonee upon 
 it; and the comparison of both these instances should seem to infer, that a cross bot- 
 tonde was a peculiar designation of religious jjersons in lower holy orders. 
 
 Upon some bricks within the West door, and in the South aile, is written Katka- 
 r'lna Ko Ke, probably a benefactor to this Church, and also that of Maisemore, where 
 the same bricks occur. 
 
 There was a fraternity dedicated to the Holy Trinity; and a remark of Archdeacon 
 Furney (if the application be correct) shows a singular circumstance, the appointment 
 of the Master by the Corporation. " The Master of a certain geld in this city dedi- 
 cated to the Holy Trinity (this, I suppose), were yearly appointed by the Corporation, 
 and elected out of their own members." 
 
 There was also a Chantry dedicated to St. Mary. 
 
 Except the ancient tombs of the Hermit, of Hoggas, and Spenser, " there is no other 
 memorial (says the Archdeacon ") for anv magistrate of the city, nor any eminent 
 person." 
 
 The houses at the North-west end of the church, and adjoining to the church-yard, 
 belonged to the Chantry Priests who officiated in this church. 
 
 ' Such a deed was made between James Lord Berkeley and his eldest son (see Smyth's Lives) ; and 
 several other instances exist between relatives and friends. 
 
 m No. 3010. n MSS. in Bibl. Bodl. 
 
 The
 
 344 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 The Rectory of this parish was given by King Henry VIH. to the Dean and Chap- 
 ter, together with the presentation to the Vicarage, upon injunction to pay ^.10. 
 13*. 4d. per annum to the Vicar ; but that sum is now considerably enlarged. 
 
 A petition was sent in the Civil Wars for uniting this Church with the Cathe- 
 dral, but nothing appears to have been done in it, though it was probably united to 
 some other church. 
 
 INCUMBENTS AND PATRONS. 
 
 INCUMBENTS. 
 
 PATRONS. 
 
 Will, de Chamberlayn. -J ^, , / 
 ■' (^Ciloster. 
 
 John de Bristol. 
 
 John Fysch, resig. 1390 Rich. II. 
 
 John Osburne, LL. B. 
 resigned, upon pre- 
 sentation to the Vica- 
 rage of Standish 
 1501. George Teylo we, M. A.} Abbey of 
 dying J Glo'ster. 
 
 130iJ. 
 
 1304. 
 1389- 
 1390. 
 
 INCUMBENTS. 
 
 PATRONS. 
 
 } 
 } 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 1507. RobertjOrWalterWalker 
 
 1508. Thomas, or John Bode- 
 
 lych. Vicar of Fro- 
 cester 
 Thomas Barker 
 
 1514. ThomasGreenow,LL.B. 
 resigning 
 
 1521. Humphrey Wilkins 
 
 1542-3. John Jannys, or Yan- 
 nes, some time a sti- 
 pendiary priest, oc- 
 curs Curate 
 
 1545- Will. Taylor, some time") 
 of the Holy Trinity J 
 
 1545. Hum. Wilkinson, Vicar 
 
 1 554. John Jennys, Curate, de-"| 
 prived for marriage in | 
 thesameyear, butcol- y Do. 
 lated to the livings of | 
 Standish and Taynton J 
 
 1556'. William Taylor Do. 
 
 136"3. Richard Warret, Minor') ,^ „ 
 g^ .-I Uean oc 
 
 Canon, some time >p,. 
 
 Rector of Sheningtonj ^^^P^^""- 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 1580. 
 1580. 
 
 1596. 
 1627. 
 
 1660. 
 1668. 
 1670. 
 
 1697. 
 1716, 
 
 Qu. Eli- 
 zabeth. 
 
 1722 
 
 1788 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Thomas Westal, or Was- ") 
 
 tal. Curate / 
 
 William Webster, upon"| j^ ^ 
 
 a lapse: resigning, or ^^.^^^^^^^ 
 
 bemg deprived, J '^ 
 
 Thomas Tomkins, Mi- 1 
 
 nor Canon j 
 
 Peter Brooks, Minor Ca- S 
 
 non, occurs in 1641, \ 
 
 but was deprived in / 
 
 the Rebellion j 
 
 Fr. Hanslape, M. A. Mi- "l Chas. II. 
 
 nor Canon, resigning J by lapse. 
 Thos. Washborne, D.D. \ Dean & 
 
 Prebendary,resigning J Chapter. 
 John Deighton, Minor \ j-v 
 
 Canon J 
 
 {William 
 & Mary, 
 by lapse. 
 
 Benjamin King, D. D.~| 
 Prebendary, and was 
 buried on the South 1 Dean 8c 
 side of the Chancel, 'Chapter, 
 without memorial ; re- 
 signing 
 
 William Tindale, M. A. ' 
 Rector of Cotes 
 
 Rev.Will.(iyllett,M.A 
 
 Rev. Charles 
 M.A 
 cumbent 
 
 iii.viyiieii, i\i.j\. 
 I^harles Palmer,") 
 L. the present in- > 
 bent J 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do.
 
 ST. MARY DE LODE. 345 
 
 EPITAPHS. 
 
 On monuments in the Chancel. 
 
 On the IVorth wall. — 1. Lozenge, marble. Near this place rest the remains of Ann 
 Hardy, widow, of Barton St. Mary (late of Greenwich in Kent) who departed this 
 
 life the l6th of March 1795, aged 69 years. 2. Arms: Partie per pale. Argent 
 
 and Gules. Thomas Walgrave, gent, natus apud Blockly, comit' Wigorn. hujus civi- 
 
 tatis incola, obiit Aug. 10, 1703, tet. 37. 3. Arms: Sable, a fess Gules between 
 
 three' garbs; impaling. Sable, on across Or a hand erased of the first. In memory 
 of the Rev. William Tyndale, M. A. He was many years Vicar of this parish, and 
 Rector of Coates in the county of Gloucester, which character he adorned with a great 
 share of learning and a constant practice of every social and every Christian virtue. 
 He died respected and loved by all who knew him, on the yth of August, in the 77tli 
 
 year of his age, and of our Lord lj62. On gravestones in the Chancel. — 4. Richard 
 
 Holford, of this parish, gent, departed this life the 7th Nov. l6fiS. Mary, his wife, 
 
 Aug. J, 1659. Richard, their son, July 11, l659- 5- M. S. I. Price, A. M. hujus 
 
 ecclcsiae Vicarii, ob. 30 May 1716". 6. Arms: A fess fretty between three birds; 
 
 impaling, ....three crescents. Thomas Burgis, N. P. Archidiaconatus Glouc. per. 
 22 annos, Registrarius ac Curiae Consistorialis E'palis Glouc. Procuratorum Generaliurn 
 unus, obiit 8 Maij A. D. I71S, act. 4I. Elizabeth, the wife of Thomas Burgis, an'! 
 
 late wife of Henry Willson, of this city, vintner, died Dec. 11, 17j3) aged 7',. 
 
 7. Henry Willson, vintner, died Sept. 18, 1761, aged 55- Also Elizabeth, his wife's 
 daughter, wife of Joseph Cheston, Alderman of this city, and daughter of Thomas and 
 Elizabeth Burgis, died March 2;-,, llGl, aged 49. T. B. Cheston ob. Maij 10°, 177^', 
 aged 20. 8. William Walter, gent, died May 26, 1734, aged 53. Ann, his wi- 
 dow, daughter of the Rev. John Deighton, Vicar of this parish, June 25, 1738. aged 
 
 r,^. 9. Elizabeth Walkly, widow, daughter of Arthur Saul, Prebendary of the 
 
 Cathedral Church of Gloucester, and wife unto Robert Walkly, sometime Mayor of 
 
 this city, died Sept, 8, 1G39, aged 69. 10. The Rev. Mr. John Laurence, Rector 
 
 of Side, and Curate of this parish, buried Sept. 25, 173O. Susanna, his daughter, bu- 
 ried Sept. 9, 1730. II. John , of this city, who died the 20th of April 
 
 1723, aged 47 years. 
 
 In the North Aisle. 
 
 12. M. S. Gul. Elliot, A. M. Ecclesiae Divi Johannis Baptistye Rectoris fidi, ob. 
 7 die August I74I, anno aetatis AG. Tlio. fil' Guil. Elliot, cler. ob. Jan. I5, 1724. 
 Guii. fil. ob. Feb, 25, 1727. Sam. fil. ob. Mar. 3, 1729. Maria Elliot obiit duo- 
 dveime (sic) ante calendas Octobris, anno Domini 1748. 
 
 In the Church-yard. 
 On the North side.— 13. Thomas Mee, Armiger, 1757- On the South side.— 
 
 14 [fili]i Allen, M. A, Scholae St. Marige de Crypt, qui obiit 1696, aet. 3. 
 
 Y y Laur.
 
 346 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 Prufession. 
 
 Laur. Griffin 21 Mar. 1655 — 
 
 John, son of William Jones, of 
 
 Longford, gent 11 May, 1654 inf- 
 
 Thomas Dobbes, of Longford, 
 
 gent 26 Apr. 1623 — 
 
 Ann, his wife 25 May, 1690 — 
 
 Benjamin Wilse, son of John 
 
 of Dimraock 16 Mar. 171|^ 60 
 
 Samuel Wilse, gent, of Barton- 
 street 4 May, 1728 77 
 
 Mary, his wife 22 Feb. 1728 60 
 
 William Co.x, of Barton-street, 
 
 yeoman 12 Jan. 1GS2 55 
 
 Joan, his relict 7 Oct. 1703 70 
 
 Humph. Cox, of Barton-street 1 June 1688 22 
 
 llolman Knight Hope 15 Dec. 1746 inf. 
 
 Ann Knight, daughter of Jolin 
 
 Knight 23 Mar. 1721 11 
 
 Hannah, his wife 23 Feb. 1732 53 
 
 Anne, wife of John Dawson 
 (late second gunner of Fort 
 
 St. George, East Indies)... 26 Aug. 1757 64 
 
 Lionel Griffin (serjeant of dra- 
 goons) 16 May, 1737 34 
 
 Mary, wife of Roger Church. . 19 Dec. 1733 46 
 
 Also two children — 
 
 In the cruss Aisle. 
 
 George Wilcox, gent 2 Mar. I70I ."^1 
 
 Hesther Wilshire 20 Mar. 1756 SO 
 
 Mr. Laurence Wilshire, clothier — 
 
 Also his wife ■ — 
 
 Dennis, relict of Chas.Brcieton 26 Oct. 1746 58 
 Deborah, wife of Christopher 
 
 Oliver, gent 2 Dec. 1723 — 
 
 John Hobson, mercer 1657 — 
 
 Joseph, his grandson, son of 
 
 Joseph Hobson 1702 — 
 
 Mary, wife of William Wood . —Oct. —09 61 
 Esther, daughter of Rich. Cox 10 Mar. 1655 — 
 John, Elizabeth, Elianor, chil- 
 dren of Rich, and Cecil Cox — 
 
 John 20 Apr. 1 723 47 
 
 Hephzibah CsicJ Kingsman . . — Dec. 1 736 SO 
 
 In the South /lisle. 
 
 John Soudley, woolcomber. . . — 
 
 John James (officer of excise). 7 Feb. I76I 70 
 
 Anne, his wife 29 Sept. 1747 50 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. A^e. 
 Profession. 
 
 John and Jasper, their children inf" s. 
 
 . . . . daughter, and Susanna. . — Mar. 1728 14 
 
 John, son of the late Jasper 
 
 James, of Newent 26 Aug. 173.. 14 
 
 Three children, and John 
 James, viz. John, Mary, Eli- 
 zabeth inf's. 
 
 William, son of William and 
 
 Elizabeth Seall 8 Sept. 1722 5 
 
 Henry, son of James Fletclier, 
 
 gent 9 Oct. 1709 4 
 
 Anne, daughter of Robert 
 Freeman, joyner, by Frances 
 
 his wile 19 July, I7O6 20 
 
 Susanna, wife of Giles Free- 
 man, baker 30 June, 1678 28 
 
 Jane, late wife of James Wil- 
 lis, tanner 6 June, 1645 — 
 
 Samuel Perkins 15 Mar. 1699 — 
 
 Middle Aisle. 
 
 Richard Wood, maltster — Feb. 1728 40 
 
 Elizabeth, his daughter, by 
 
 Sarah his wife 29 Mar. 1729 inf. 
 
 William Window, innholder. . 1 Nov. 1727 58 
 
 Thos. his son, by Jane his wife — July, 1726 3 
 
 Jane B;uber 9 Apr. 1728 2 
 
 Edward Barber 31 Mar. 1735 14 
 
 Tracy, son of Ralph Langley, 
 
 gent, by Sarah his wife. ... 11 June, 1692 inf. 
 
 Frances, his sister 16 Feb. 1697 3 
 
 Jane, wife of Joseph Pegler, 
 
 sen. tanner 3 Aug. 1719 62 
 
 Joseph Pegler, tanner 16 Dec. 1732 79 
 
 Several of their children — 
 
 John Stanton, innholder .... 18 June, 1695 40 
 Elizabeth, his relict, late wife 
 
 of William Laurence, baker 2 Dec. 1732 6S 
 
 Edward Spencer, gent 22 Aug. 1644 — 
 
 Abraham Howell 25 Aug. 1713 — 
 
 Dorothy, his wife 16 Sept. 1728 7 1 
 
 North Aisle. 
 
 Martha, wife of Matthew Payne 1 Mar. 1750 66 
 
 Matthew, their son 6 Nov. 1735 8 
 
 Matthew Payne 7 July, 1762 79 
 
 William Miles, innholder 10 Aug. 1723 55 
 
 Jasper Nelmcs, cordwaincr . . 29 Apr. 1/12 39 
 
 Rebcka, wife of George Bishop 16 Dec. 1726 28 
 
 Chiinh-
 
 ST. MARY DE LO DE. — EPITA P H S. 
 
 347 
 
 Namp, Ri-sMenre, and Date o( Decease. 
 Prufessiuii. 
 
 Church-yard. — South side. 
 
 Anne Sollers, daugliter of Mr. 
 
 Will. Wood, of Bai ton-street 15 Nov. 1762 
 
 William Wood the above 21 Apr. 1/40 
 
 William, his son 2 Mar. 1735 
 
 Thomas, son of the former Wil- 
 liam Wood 4 Nov. 17.'J5 
 
 Kieh. Wood, of Barton-street. 1 Nov. 1670 
 
 Alice, his wife 1 Nov. 1684 
 
 Richard, son of Richard Wood — Nov. 1680 
 
 Tho. Wool, of Stroud, clothier 1 Mar. 1722 
 
 Thomas Ady, chandler 22 Aug. 1754 
 
 Edward and John, sons of Ro- 
 bert and Ann Dobbs (Latin, 
 
 much mutilated) 165.. 
 
 John Perks 15 Jan. 1768 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife 26 Jan. 1769 
 
 Sarah, wife of Henry Addis, 
 
 plasterer 20 Dec. 1742 
 
 John Pool, iniiholder 3 Nov. 1727 
 
 Sarah, his wife 2 Mar. 1783 
 
 Ann Hale 27 Mar. 1766 
 
 Zechariah Stephens (parish- 
 clerk) 19 July, 1748 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife 24 Dec. 1757 
 
 On gravestones. 
 
 Henry, son of Henry Wilton 
 (school-master) by Sarah his 
 
 wife 5 Feb. 1764 
 
 Robert Wintle, baker 7 May, 1743 
 
 Mary, wife of Nathaniel Mil- 
 lard, maltster 26 .Sept. 1741 
 
 Thos. Hayes Millard, their son 24 Feb. 1728 
 
 William, son of the above Na- 
 thaniel 6 June, 1761 
 
 JohnSmart,ofBarton-st. miller 8 Apr. 1769 
 
 Mary, his wife 27 Dec. 1768 
 
 Ann, Sarah, Martha, and Eli- 
 zabeth, their children 
 
 Thomas Cox, yeoman, late of 
 
 Longford 30 May, 1740 
 
 Ann, liis wife 14 Feb. 1751 
 
 William Powell, plumber .... 24 Jan. 1767 
 
 John, his son, by Penelope his 
 
 wife 22 Apr. 1759 
 
 James, do 28 May, 1759 
 
 Penelope, daughter 8 May, 1763 
 
 A?e. 
 
 51 
 75 
 34 
 
 49 
 72 
 70 
 47 
 SO 
 50 
 
 56 
 57 
 
 51 
 65 
 
 50 
 
 56 
 
 68 
 
 inf. 
 69 
 
 42 
 4 
 
 34 
 89 
 
 68 
 
 83 
 84 
 53 
 
 6 
 4 
 o 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Diet. i5e. Age. 
 Prufessiou, 
 
 Another Penelope 6 Feb. 1/66 1 
 
 William Winkle, yeoman .... 14 June, 1749 57 
 Elizabeth, wife of Richard 
 
 Wintle, yeoman 11 Sept. 1754 27 
 
 Richard Roberts, of Wouton, 
 
 in this parish, yeoman .... 9 Mar. 1757 65 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife 5 Aug. 1753 78 
 
 Elizabeth Wood, of Wooton, 
 
 in this parish 27 Dec. 1760 56 
 
 Sarah Wood, of do 23 Apr. 1761 60 
 
 John Best [justly esteemed for 
 his superior skill in the art 
 
 of painting] 16 Aug. 1763 54 
 
 John, son of John and. \liceBest 29 Aug. 1746 2 
 
 Mary, their daughter 12 Jan. 1753 4 
 
 Margaret, w iff of Tho. Jefferies 10 Dec. 1741 39 
 
 Sarah, their daughter inf. 
 
 Hannah, another daughter. . . inf. 
 
 William Hale 11 Sejjt. 1765 67 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of William Hale 27 Nov. 1743 52 
 Mary Goodwin, daughter of 
 
 William and Elizabeth Hale 13 Sept. 1755 — 
 
 James Woodward 6 Jime, 1763 54 
 
 Mary, his wife 2 Aug. 1735 27 
 
 Robert, their son — inf. 
 
 Hugh Bishop 19 Jan. 17U 17 
 
 Richard Timbrell 13 Oct. 1728 60 
 
 Edith, his wife 4 Feb. 1734 CO 
 
 John Ireland, woolcomber. . . 12 Apr. 172S 29 
 
 Edward, his son inf. 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of John Howell, 
 
 farrier 21 Nov. 1726 32 
 
 Mary Rayer, daughter of Wil- 
 liam and Bridget Rayer. ... 25 Jan. 1739 7 
 
 Ann Rayer 28 July, 1766 31 
 
 Biddy Rayer 9 May, 1752 — 
 
 Sarah Rayer 12 Mar. 1738 2 
 
 Eleanor Rayer 21 July, 1745 2 
 
 William Rayer 12 Oct. 1746 6 
 
 John Rayer inf. 
 
 Mary, wife of Thomas Bradis . 25 Dec. 1762 65 
 
 Sarah, wife of Tho. Bradis,jun. 13 Aug. 1746 23 
 
 William Lother 24 May, 1766 70 
 
 Winefred, his wife 22 Jan. 1767 7 1 
 
 Anne, his first wife ■ — 
 
 Sarah, wife of John Pool. .. . 17 Jan. 1719 70 
 
 Stephen Swain 10 Nov. 1739 35 
 
 Joyce Stephenson 22 Apr. 1709 U«i 
 
 Eliz. dau. of John Stephenson 4 Oct. 1701 19 
 
 Esther
 
 348 HISTORY OF 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 Profession. 
 
 Esther Burly 5 Sept. 1706 96 
 
 Kliz. wife of John Pritcliard.. ?9 Jan. 1763 57 
 Anne, daughter of John and 
 
 Elizabeth Pritcliard 4 Aug. 1753 .5 
 
 John (;ibbs 2.5 May, 1767 44 
 
 J;uic, widow of William Perks. 15 Apr. 1685 — 
 
 John Perks 24 Dec. 1721 38 
 
 William Austin 4 July, 1737 45 
 
 William Taylor 22 June, 1/18 47 
 
 IVIary, his wife 10 Nov. I727 55 
 
 Samuel Perkins Pargiter 28 Apr. . 1760 6S 
 
 Jo^iphorus, his wife 22 Sept. 1760 76 
 
 Joyce Cotliff. 22 Dec. 1733 38 
 
 Timothy Millard 19 May, 1746 25 
 
 John Ellis, farrier 5 Nov. 1729 63 
 
 Also three children of John 
 
 Ellis, jun, by Eliz. his wife . inf 's. 
 
 ]\Iary, wife of Abraham Archer 1* Sept. 1712 48 
 
 John .Archer, son of the above 15 May, 1767 73 
 
 Richard Hathaway 24 Dec. 1742 72 
 
 Anne, his wife 13 Mar. 1742 60 
 
 James Lovett 6 Sept. 1758 77 
 
 Martha, his wife 20 May, 1750 63 
 
 ){enry, their son 26 Sept. 1741 22 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Ady 26 Sept. 1747 48 
 
 Thomas Endell, periwig-maker 29 Oct. I706 34 
 
 Martha, his wife 3 Dec. 1744 77 
 
 Thomas, their son 1 May, 1724 27 
 
 RichardCrump, ofTu%,gent. 23 Apr. 1684 56 
 
 Elianor, his relict 15 May, 1710 .76 
 
 Sarah, wife of Joseph Fletcher. 21 Jan. 1767 64 
 
 Two children infts. 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Tho. Crump 21 Oct. 1730 23 
 
 Sarah, wife of Tho. Puckridge 8 Oct. 1708 — 
 
 William England, woolcomber 27 Feb. 1721 80 
 
 John Keys, pinmaker 9 Aug. 1751 40 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of William Ma- 
 son, taylor 13 Aug. 1714 — 
 
 Four children infts. 
 
 Winston Cox, Serjeant at Mace 27 Oct. 1704 58 
 
 John Carpenter, of Tuiley, 
 
 yeoman 2 Feb. 1680 37 
 
 Richard, son of Richard and 
 
 Anne Crovvdy, of Tuffly. . . 27 Sept. 1737 23 
 
 Roger Church, sen — 
 
 Elianor, his wife 26 Oct. 1684. — 
 
 Anne, wife of Roger Church, 
 
 glazier, and Samuel his son — 
 
 Joan, wife of Isaac Bennet. . . 27 Oct. 1721 40 
 
 GLOUCESTER, 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Jane, their daughter ■ — — 
 
 Welthian, wife of Isaac Bennet 6 Nov. 1751 65 
 
 Isaac Bennet 29 Mar. 1752 6.1 
 
 Ebenezer Cas'eleSv 14 Feb. 1748 70 
 
 Anne, his wife 23 Apr. 1734 48 
 
 William Gil J, ropemaker 22 Aug. 1716 39 
 
 Mary, their daughter 19 June, 1713 It 
 
 Mary, wife of Richard Evans, 
 
 and widow of the above Wil^ 
 
 liam Gill 8 Mar. 1756 80 
 
 Arthur Engley 9 Aug. 1749 59 
 
 Joseph Nurse, tajlor 30 May, 1766 86 
 
 Jane, his wife 8 Aug. 1751 70 
 
 Thomas, their son — Sept. 1721 14 
 
 Jane, their daughter 24 Nov. 1769 56 
 
 Sarah, wife of Tho. Dean, baker, 
 
 late widow of Richard AU- 
 
 foixi 16 Mar. 1732 62 
 
 Robert Wattei-s, school-master. 21 July, 1722 78 
 
 Henry Wilton, ))in-makcr. ... 16 June, 1724 38 
 
 Edward Swaine, innholder. .. IS Nov. 1725 41 
 
 Mary, his wife — Dec. 74 
 
 William Swaine 22 Jan. 1693 65 
 
 Anne, his w ife 29 Oct. I7I 1 78 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter of John 
 
 Mason, of Cheltenham, by 
 
 Elizabeth his wife 27 Aug. 1730 22 
 
 Richard Jones 11 Jan. 1763 55 
 
 Mary, his wife, bulled IS Sept. 1757 — 
 
 [This Richard Jones is stiled 
 
 " an honest-dealing tinker."] 
 
 Joan, wife of John Caipenter, 
 
 of Tuffly 17 Jan. 1727 84 
 
 John, their son, grandson, and 
 
 John and Mary Carpenter, 
 
 who died at Canterbury. ... 4 Dec. 1740 29 
 
 Mary, wife of Thos. Woodcock 3 Nov. 1722 82 
 
 Thomas Gaixliner 26 Sept. 1749 33 
 
 John, his son 10 July, I76I 20 
 
 Elizabeth, wifeof James Miann, 
 
 King's Holme, gardener ... 10 Sept. 1747 49 
 
 Sarah, wife of Rich. Richmond 7 Oct. 1746 65 
 
 Elizabeth, their daughter ... . 1" Apr. 1737 10 
 
 Mary, wife of John Toms 28 July, 1742 30 
 
 Mary, his third wife 21 Jan. 1752 36 
 
 Thomas Hunt 26 Dec. 1755 29 
 
 William Read 24 Dec. I759 29 
 
 Thomas Parnet, yeoman, of 
 
 Longford 20 May, I7I8 84 
 
 Richard
 
 ST. MARY DE LODE. — E P I T A PH S. 349 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Richard, son of Richard Roberts 11 July, 174" 30 
 
 William Hayes, innholder 27 July, 17 U 36 
 
 Thomas Rudge 3 Feb. 1747 46 
 
 Anne, wife of Thomas Rudge . Easter day, 1759 39 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 Profession. 
 Margaret, wife of WalterYoung 30 Apr. 1757 74 
 Sarah, wife of Jonathan Mer- 
 chant 27 Nov. 1748 42 
 
 William Clevelv, mason 17 Feb. 1743 57 
 
 ST. MICHAEL. 
 
 PEl'ER, Bishop of Exeter, sold the Church of St. Michael, with the Chapel of St. 
 Martyn depending upon it, in 1285 to St. Peter's Abbey ^; and this is certified by an 
 Inquisition taken in 1313 by the King's Escheator. It says, "that the Abbey had 
 obtained the advowson of the Church of St. Michael, with the Chapel of St. Martin, 
 with 3*. 4d. yearly rent, issuing from ten shops near the same church, heretofore of 
 the gift of the Bishop of Exeter; which Church and Chapel is worth ten marks a 
 year, but of whom held the jurors knew not."'' From this record it appears, as well 
 as from the account given under St. Mary de Crypt, that the Doomsday possessions 
 in Gloucester of the See of Exeter were devoted, at least in great part, to the founda- 
 tion and endowment of the two Churches mentioned. It is usually understood, that to 
 establish a Mother Church it should have a right of sepulture; but in 1366 only, the 
 Parishioners, who before were interred in the Abbey Church-yard, acquired the right 
 of burial in their own Church and new Church-yard, paying 20*. yearly to St. Peter's 
 in lieu of oblations and other emoluments ; but the yard being consecrated without 
 the approbation of the Bishop of Worcester, was continued under an interdict by 
 him till Nov. 24, 13*58. By a Parliamentary Ordinance in 164G, St. Aldate's and St. 
 Mary de Grace were annexed to this parish ; an annuity of 80/., with a prebendal- 
 house, settled upon the Rectory, and the patronage given to the Corporation ; the 
 Rectory to pay for first fruits and tenths'^, at the rate of 8/. per annum. But this 
 ordinance, upon the Restoration, being null, this parish ever since has continued sepa- 
 rate, and enjoyed only its preceding privileges. At the Dissolution the patronage 
 passed from the Abbey to the Crown '^. 
 
 St. Anne was the patron-saint for finding things lost or stolen ; and here was a 
 Chantry, under the patronage of the Fraternity of Weavers, dedicated to that useful 
 Saint ; for what is called slinge, or stealing wool, is still a very common offence in 
 
 a MSS. Furney. l) Glouc. Abb. Reg. B. n. 1020. MS.S. Prinn. 
 
 c In 1624 the first fruits, which were before 21/. 5s. 9(/., were, by the Barons of the Exchequer, througli 
 the exertions of Mr. WoodrufFe, then Rector, reduced to 8/, IGs. 4d. 
 •1 MSS. Furney in Bibl. Bodl. 
 
 the
 
 350 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 the clothing countries ; and these weavers, as they are here called, were no doubt 
 also cloth-workers. — There was also another Chantry of St. Mary; and a Fraternity 
 of Brethren and Sisters, dedicated to St. John Baptist, who enjoyed and inhabited a 
 certain house in the East-gate Street called Brethren Hall. The pretended Jewish- 
 Synagogue is the remain of this Hall, as appears by unquestionable evidence^. It 
 was not always usual for the members of Gilds thus to reside together in collegiate 
 fashion. In general they nearly resembled modern Clubs and Benefit Societies. Assi- 
 milations to these ancient institutions maj' be found in the classical aera; but under the 
 word Gild were denominated Fraternities, who contributed certain sums for common 
 uses. They occur in the Capitularies of Carloman, and in our Anglo-Saxon Synods ; 
 one we hear of as a society of twelve men, in imitation of the Apostles, and only one 
 woman, who represented the Virgin Mary; but the allusion to these holy persons was 
 very incongruous, as the members of such societies were much addicted to inebriation, 
 which, Anselm says, was the sole motive for their forming these institutions^. 
 
 In the popish aera, every thing, however profane, was, from mere worldly policy, 
 mixed up with religion ; and the Pagan institution of Anniversaries, quite unsuitable 
 to the Christian doctrines concerning the modes of our future existence, was exhibited 
 in an annual " Commemoration Guttle" utterly void of that taste and elegance, which 
 in the classical age attended the visit to the tomb by a Missionary on an affair of pure 
 soul, and was denominated a Piety. It favoured the growth of sentiments honourable 
 to human nature, and was very different in design (the deceased being presumed to 
 want the viands) from the unseasonable levity and disgusting grossness of Funeral 
 Feasts. Well has Mr. Douce pourtrayed them in the following anecdote. One of 
 these tipsy meetings was held at an inn, of which the sign was a Nobleman's Arms, and 
 the motto " J'irtus post J'un era vivit." The Clergyman was asked to translate it, and 
 did so thus : J'irtus, a Parish Clerk, vivit, lives well, post funera, at funeral feasts. 
 It appears, by the account below, that these coarse methods of honouring departed 
 friends were kept up in this Church in two very striking instances s, in the view of 
 singular coincidence, one being the foundation of a man whose descendant was a mo- 
 del of mortification, and the other instituted by an order of men, whose great virtue 
 was austerity. 
 
 f " In order to ascertain tlie point (says Mr. Counsel), I waited on the proprietor (Mr. Bo\vyer), and re- 
 quested his permission to examine his title-deeds ; and having obtained his consent so to do, I found a re- 
 gular deduction of title from Henry the Vlllih to the present time j and that in all the deeds the house is 
 described by the name of St. John's Hall." Letter to the Author. 
 f Du Cange, v. Gilda. 
 
 S " The Ladies Chapel. -\ A very solemn Anniversary kept and attended by the Sheriffs and Stewards of 
 The Rood Light. > the Town, with certain poor People, in memory of Master Thomas VA'hytefeid 
 
 St. Katherine's Li^ht.J [no doubt an ancestor of the famous George Whitfield, the Religionist], who 
 by a Record dated 9 Henry VII. appears by his last Will to have ordained that SOs. should be expended 
 thereon ; and the Town then laid out that sum for this purpose." — " Abbot John Malvern, 16 Se])(cmber, 
 1499, at the request of John Hertland, one of his Monks, gave several rich vestments to the Church for the 
 establishing a yearly Obit on July 18 for Herllancftind his Parents." MSS. Furney in Bibl. Bodl. Bigland 
 Papers. 
 
 It
 
 ST. MICHAEL. 
 
 351 
 
 It should seem that this Church was originally founded for the accommodation of 
 certain districts, which were either insulated from any parish or merely claimed sepul- 
 ture at St. Peter's Abbey. This may be inferred from the following paragraph in Arch- 
 deacon Furney's Manuscripts; " Part of this Parish is without the City, very separately 
 dispersed, and is called Barton St. Michael, to distinguish it from the other part, 
 which is within the Liberties of the City." This ancient extra-parochial ity probably 
 arose here from connections with the Manors of King's Barton and Abbot's Barton. 
 
 There is or was a curious monument in this Church [_viz. a brass of a man between 
 two women, with the figures of a bell and pot on three legs] to the memory of William 
 Henshawe'', a bell-founder, and Agnes and Alice his wives, which has been thought 
 to presume the great antiquity of that branch of business in Gloucester, afterwards so 
 eminent here under the name and family of Rudhall. As a successive thing it cannot 
 be admitted, at least to the extent affirmed, because there are bells in the Cathedral of 
 the l6th and 17th centuries, not cast at Gloucester. 
 
 The Church is a great ornament to the City, from the neatness and elegance of 
 its structure; for though there are some marks of impure Gothick, the harmony of 
 the whole is well preserved. In the civil war it underwent various repairs from the 
 materials of St. Aldate's and St, Mary de Grace. The East end of the South side was 
 rebuilt in 173^. The Chapel of St. Martin's stood near it, on the same side, opposite 
 to All Saints, now the Tolsey'. 
 
 An eminent Rector here was Thomas Woolnough, buried in the Church. He was a 
 famous preacher, and author of some sermons, as well as of an elegy. He was a gra- 
 duate of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, and died in 1G75''. 
 
 Incumbents. 
 
 Patrons. 
 
 Temp. Hen. III.Joh.deMyster. 
 
 ,.74. Henry ..... . { ^^^ 
 
 .... William or Richard Beng- 1 Abbot of 
 geworth, J Glo'ster. 
 
 Temp. Edw. I. William Ide, Do. 
 
 Henry Ilertlonde, or "j 
 
 Herthelaunde, temp. > Do. 
 Edw. I. J 
 
 John de Benggeworth, Do. 
 
 6' Edw. II. Richard de Wal- ") 
 
 pole; resigning, J 
 
 Do. 
 
 Incumbents. 
 
 Patrons. 
 
 John de Cheltenham, 
 
 { 
 
 Abbot of 
 Glo'ster. 
 
 136G. Adam de Lye, 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 -2 Hen. IV. Thomas Flodbury, 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 35 Hen. VI. Joini Rydyng, 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 1435. John Arnold, 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 1449. William Ciey, 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 11 Edw. IV. JohnRudyngagain 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 ly Hen. VII. David Clunne, or 
 Cloune; dying, 
 
 } 
 
 Do. 
 
 1409. Will. Burghill, afterwards 
 
 1 
 
 Do. 
 
 Vicar of Cluircham, 
 
 J 
 
 h " Pray for the sonlls of Will'ni Hen^ha\vc, belfounder, and hite M.aire of this Towne, and Alys and 
 Agnes his wyfes ; the wliithe Will'm dote=sed tlie day of in tl\e yere of our Lord God a tiioii- 
 
 sand ccccc ; the seide Alyse decessyd the scconde daye of February the yere of our Lord .m\ xix : for 
 
 whose soulcs of yof charite say a Fater noster and an Ave." 
 
 ' MSS, Furney. ^ Athen. Oxen. IL 545. 
 
 15-^1.
 
 352 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Incumbents. 
 
 Patrons. 
 
 Do. 
 
 1 521. William Burghill,LL.D.-^ 
 
 uponresigningBroke- I Abbot of 
 thorp; also Vicar of | Glo'ster. 
 Kempsford ; dying, J 
 
 1526. Steph. Gardiner, LL.D.^ 
 [presumed to have 
 been the infamous Bi- V Do, 
 shop of Winchester]; 
 resigning ^ 
 
 1526-7. SimonHeynes; resigning, Do. 
 
 1530. Robert Palmer, Do. 
 
 28 Hen. VIII. Robert Morwent, Do. 
 
 1545. Thos. Kingswood, Pre- ") u yiii 
 bendary ; resigning, J 
 
 1548. William Neelson,orNel-'^ 
 
 son, some time Vicar > Do. 
 of the Holy Trinity, J 
 
 1551. Nich.Oldisworth, M.A.' 
 (Master of Crypt 
 School) deprived 
 1554, for marriage, 
 
 1558. Thomas Tailor, Rector ~| 
 
 of Coin Dennis and I y. 
 North Cerney, Vicar f 
 of Driffield, ) 
 
 1562. Geo. Mugworth, Minor") y. 
 Canon,occursCurate, J 
 
 1569. Vacant. 
 
 1572. V/illiam Preston, Curate") 
 of St. Mary de Grace, | 
 and afterwards of St. I j^ 
 Nicholas, occurs Cu- ( 
 rate. After a long va- I 
 cancy of Hectors, J 
 
 157^. Richard Taylor, B. A. ^ ^^^.^^ 
 Vicar or Lye; dymg, J "^ 
 
 1590. Rich. Thayer. — Henry "^ 
 
 Tyler, M. A. after- | 
 
 wardsRectorofTayn- ^^ 
 
 . n t ■ y Do. 
 
 ton, occurs Curate in j 
 
 1588. UponThayer's 
 
 death, ' J 
 
 1600. Richard Maunsel, Do. 
 
 1605. William Smith, M. A. 
 occurs Curate; after- 
 wards collated to V Jas. I 
 Child's Wickam and 
 Cam, J 
 
 Jas. I. 
 
 :r of"J 
 lool, > 
 
 1624-5- 
 1625. 
 
 Incumbents. Patrons. 
 
 1609. Thomas Potter, M. A."| 
 Master of the College 
 SchooIjRectorof JIa- \^ 
 therop and Sudeley, f 
 Vicar of Longney ; | 
 dying about l6l2, J 
 1613. John Clerk, Master of 
 the College Sch 
 occurs Curate, 
 1616. John Webb occurs Cu- 
 rate, 
 1619. Miles Smith occurs 
 
 Curate, 
 1622. Thomas Philpotts, M.A. 
 afterwards Rector of 
 Tibberton and Vicar 
 of Lidney, 
 John Newark, B. D. ") 
 occurs Curate, J 
 
 Thos.WoodrufTe, M.A. 
 Rector. In 1643 he 
 was elected Physician 
 to the Hospital, and )• 
 died within a year | 
 after; said to have j 
 been buried here, J 
 164S. John Nelme, M.A.; re-"^ 
 signed for the Rectory > 
 of Shipton Moyne, J 
 1664. Thomas Woolnough, 1 
 M. A. ; dying, J 
 
 1675. Amos Jones, M. A.; ") 
 dying, J 
 
 1677. George Vernon, M. A.^ 
 Rector of Bourton- [ 
 on-the-Watcr, occurs / 
 Curate till 1687, ] 
 
 1687. Thomas Thacke, M.A. 
 (Minor Canon) oc- 
 curs Curate ; after- 
 wards successively 
 Rector of Rudford, 
 and Vicar of Church- 
 am. He held the Cu- 
 racy till 1721, 
 1721. Samuel Laurence, M.A. 
 and Rector of Las- 
 sington ; dying, he 
 was buried here. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Chas. I. 
 
 Mayor 
 and Biir- 
 
 Chas.H. 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Geo. I. 
 
 1727,
 
 ST. MICHAEL. 
 
 Incumbents. 
 
 1727. Henry Church, A.M. ; 
 dj'ing, he was bu- 
 ried here, 
 
 1732. Thomas Woore, A.M.; 
 dying, he was bu- 
 ried here. 
 
 353 
 Patrons. 
 
 King 
 George 11. 
 
 1784. Thomas Rudge, B. D. ") King 
 the present Rector, J Geo. III. 
 
 Incumbents. 
 1741. John Palmer, A.M. 
 
 { 
 
 Monumental Inscriptions, Arms, 5fc. 5fc. 
 I. Memoriae sacrum Tobiae Langford, Bibliopolas, et hujus civitatis Aldermanni, qui 
 hic sepuitus erat 2**° die Octobris anno Dom. l68;l, aetalis suae 71. Monumentum hoc 
 
 ipse posuit. Nicholas Langford, Gent. 163I, aged 96. Anne his wife Tobias 
 
 his son, 14 April, 1644, aged 7I. Eleanor his wife, April I643, aged 61. Eleanor their 
 daughter, November 1652, aged 27. Maria, wife of Tobias, son of Tobias then living, 
 July 1666, aged 53. John, son of Tobias Langford, jun. April 25, 1679, aged 27^. 
 Three daughters of Tobias Langford, sen. viz. Joan Price, 20 June, 1674, aged 56. 
 Elizabeth Robatham, 9 November, I677, aged 66. Bridget Onion, 25 October, I67S, 
 aged 56. Thomas Onion, son of Bridget, died a bachelor. May ig, 1679, aged 32. 
 
 2. Arms : Or, a cross Gules and Sable, in the dexter quarter an eagle displayed of 
 
 the 2d. John Webb, Alderman, once Mayor of this city, died 7 August 1643, aged 
 
 80. 3. Arms: Or, 3 crescents, impaling Gules 3 . . . . Or. Nicholas Haynes, of 
 
 this city, Gent, died Dec. 2, I700, aged 84. Sarah his wife, March 27, 1678, aged 
 59. Nicholas his son, April 30, 166S, aged I9. William, Elizabeth, and Sarah, 
 
 daughters. On the South side. 4. Arms: Partie per pale Or and Ermine, on a 
 
 bend Argent 3 unicorns' heads erased of 1st, impaling a fess nebule between 3 scalps 
 or bucks' horns. To the memory of Mr. William Bubb, mercer, twice Sherifi'of this 
 city, who died October the 12th, 1627, and of Joane his wife, who died August the 
 30th, 1643 ; and also Judith the wife of Mr. William Bubb, of this city, apothecary, 
 daughter of Mr. Jeremiah Buck, of Minchinhampton, in the county of Gloucester, 
 mercer, who died the ll'*" of September, \662. John, Joan, and Elizabeth, their 
 
 children. [Then some verses.] 5. Arms: Argent, a lion rampant Sable, a chief 
 
 indented of 2d, for Hyett. Joseph Hyett, Gent, son of John Hyett, Esq. late Alder- 
 man of this city, and Elizabeth his wife, died Jan. 22, 1713, aged 21. Amongst 
 other valuable legacies he left one of fifteen hundred pounds for the better support and 
 maintenance of the Charity-school here. By his death the family is extinct. Mo- 
 numents on the North side. 6. Arms: within a lozenge cheeky Or and Sable on a fess 
 Gules 3 leopards' faces Or. Memoriae Elizabethae uxoris suae amantissiniae Edm. 
 
 Morgan, de Craygeolwy, in com. Mon. Gen. conjux (amoris ergo) mcerens p. 
 
 7. Arms: Hyett as before. John Hyett, Esquire, Alderman and twice Maior of this 
 city, died the 27th September, I71I, aged 6l. He had by Eliz. his second wife six 
 children; only Joseph the youngest survived him, and is left sole heir of his estate, 
 who erected this monument to his memory. In his life-time he duely attended tin- 
 
 z z Church
 
 354 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Church in all its offices ; and readily assisted the needy in charities ; and gave at his 
 death one hundred pounds to the Charity-school in this city. And if his heir shall die 
 before the age of 21, without issue, one thousand pounds for building a new Charitie- 
 school and Workhouse, and four hundred pounds for a stipend to the Master thereof. 
 
 Good Reader, bless God for this, and be thou also blessed in doing likewise. 8. 
 
 Arms : Gules, 3 . . . Or, impaling fretty Ermine and Or, on a chief Gules 3 trefoils Or. 
 William Scudamore, Gent, late of this city, Alderman, died May 21, I695, aged 48 
 years. Elizabeth his wife, daughter of William Rowles, late of the Cock-shoot [Newn- 
 ham parish], Gent. Feb. 12, 16S9, aged 30. Rowles their eldest son, August 12, 1682, 
 aged 15 months. Rowles their second son, Nov. 12, I708, aged 26. William, son of 
 
 Capel Scudamore, Gent, by Anne his wife, March 9, 1708, aged 7 weeks. g. 
 
 Arms : a lion rampant, impaling Gules a chevron vaire between 3 crescents. 
 
 Nathaniel Lye, D. D. Archdeacon and Prebendary of Gloucester, and Rector of the 
 parishes of Kemberton and Dursley, in this county, died October 31, 1737, aged 89. 
 He married Bridget the daughter of Richard Goddard, of Swindon, in the county of 
 Wilts, Esq. who also lyes buried here; by whom he left issue one daughter, now the 
 
 wife of Charles Southby, of Carswell in Berkshire, Esq. Monuments against the 
 
 pillars. 10. Justse memoriae Gulielmi Russel, Scholse Collegialis in hac civit. Archi- 
 
 (lidascali. [Then an eulogy.] Jul. g", 1 659, set. 42. 11. Arms: 
 
 Argent, within a border Azure 3 men's faces bearded proper, impaling Argent a cross 
 Sable. Margaret the wife of John Beard, of this citye, Gent, and daughter of Thomas 
 
 Wall, Esq. died May 3, 1660, aged 34. [Then some verses.] 12. Arms : 
 
 a cross between 4 swans or cranes, impaling a cross engrailed between 4 bezants, each 
 charged with a pheon. William Cossley, goldsmith, late Alderman of this city, and 
 Anne his wife, daughter of Henry Fletcher, of the said city, mercer, died, hee May the 
 lirst, 1691, aged 51, shee Janu^ the 30th, 1683, aged 46. The memory of the just is 
 
 blessed. 13. Henry Fletcher, some time mercer, of this city, died March 5, 16*70^ 
 
 aged 6s. Margaret his wife, Feb. 28, 1643, aged 36. Henry their son, Jan. 21, 1663, 
 
 aged 31. 14. Arms: Barry of six Or and Sable, in chief 3 etoiles of 1st, impaling 
 
 Or, a fess embattled between 3 Catharine wheels Sable. Rowland Pitt, of this city,, 
 ironmonger, died Sept. 22, 17.55, aged 70. Hannah his wife, June 16, 1734, aged 38. 
 
 Also eight of their children ; of whom Thomas, John, and Anne, died infants. 
 
 15. Captain John Nelme, a citizen, and some time Sheriff of this city; whom this city 
 enjoyed as a necessary member, the Church of God as a constant friend ; and supported 
 to his power the whole kingdom as an uncorrupted patriot; and the army and this 
 garrison in its and the kingdom's necessity a faithful soldier; lived honoured, and died 
 
 lamented May 9th, 1645, aged 52. On grave-stones in the East part of the 
 
 Church. 16. Siste, Viator. Hie requiescit spe beatae resurrectionis terrena j)ars Mariae 
 conjugis marito charissimae Nicho'. Lane, hujus civitatis. Gen. necnon Esthere sobolis 
 plurimum dilectae. Maria exuvias mortalitatis deposuit Novembris 25, a° salutis 1684, 
 Eetat. suaj 50. Esther obiit Decembris 20, 1682, aetat. suae 16. [Then some Latin 
 
 verses.] 17. Arms: a chevron between 3 stags, impaling two stags counter-trip- 
 
 pant.
 
 ST. MICHAEL. 355 
 
 pant. William, son of William Rogers, by Sarah his wife, daughter of James Furney, 
 Gent, died March 13, I742. Susanna Furney, died October 29, 1743, aged 36'. 
 Richard Furney, M. A. Archdeacon of Surrey, and Rector of Cheriton in Hampshire, 
 died Feb. I7, 1753, aged 58. William Furney, Gent, died May 8, 1755, aged 54. 
 Mary Rogers, died January 6, 1763, aged 70. James Rogers, died Decemb. sjS, 1767, 
 aged 29. Sarah the wife of William Rogers, Gent, died November iS, 1770, aged 72. 
 Dame Lewes Gierke, relict of Sir Talbot Clerk, Bart, and sister of William Roo-ers 
 
 Gent, died September the 6th, I772, aged 79. 1 8. Nicholas Webb, Alderman, 
 
 died 8 November, 1647, aged 61. Hesther his relict, April 13, IGGS, aged 79. Alice, 
 wife of Nicholas Webb, Gent. Sept. 17, 1G87, aged 60. Hester their daughter, April 
 27, 1684, aged 29. Two infant sons of Thomas Webb, Gent, by Catharine his wife. 
 Elizabeth daughter of John Hyett, M.A. Rector of Bookham in Surrey, widow of 
 Timothy Caryll, M.A. of Cotgrove, Notts. August 11, I747, aged 77. Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Timothy and Elizabeth Caryll, 10 February, 1754, aged 58. Anne, ano- 
 ther daughter, October 2, 1754, aged 56. 19. Mr. Thomas Trippett, mercer, of 
 
 this city, died the gth of 1659. Eleanor his relict, once daughter of Nicholas 
 
 VV^ebb, once Mayor, Dec. 5, I685. William Edwards, (ient. August . . I738, aged 77. 
 
 Hester his wife, daughter of Thomas and Eleanor Trippett, 1712. Isabella, 
 
 youngest daughter of Thomas Trippett, late wife to James Elly, Gent. August 8, 1699, 
 
 aged 40. 20. Daniel Washbourn, of this city, died Feb. 23, aged 83. Mary his 
 
 wife (Nov. 29, 1721, aged 7 1 ), mother of Mary, buried August 2,3, ] 6S9. James their 
 
 son, buried 21. Upon the grave-stone of John Hyett, Esq. who died 
 
 Sept. 27, 1711, is tlie following: Anne Thomas, daughter of John Thomas, of Tetbury, 
 Gent. November 23, 1714, aged 28. Elizabeth the wife of Jacob Wallington, of 
 
 Dursley, clothier, January 2, I729, aged 48. 22. Mary the relict of William Blick, 
 
 of this city, mercer, was interr'd 14 February, 1G81. Elizabeth the wife of John 
 Hyett, Esq. and Alderman of this city, died Dec. 12, 1706\ Jane their daughter, June 
 4,1699. William their son, Oct. 19, 1697. John their son, April 7, 1698. Josei)h 
 
 Hyett, Gent. Jan. 22, 1713, aged 20. 23. Arms: Barry of 6, in chief 3 mullets, 
 
 impaling a fess embattled. Mr. Rowland Pytt, of this parish, woollen-draper, died 13 
 March, I746, aged 83, and was buried in CoUwal Church, Herefordshire, among his 
 ancestors. Also here lies interred Joan his wife, died 6 May, I71I, aged 43 years. 
 Also here lye the following children of laid Rowland Pytt and Joane his wife: Mar- 
 garet, Mary, Cartwright, Freelove, Noah, Cartw right, a daughter not baptized, Enoch, 
 Agnes, (all died in their minority). Leonard the son of Elijah Pytt, Gent, and eldest 
 son and heir of the abovesaid Rowland Pytt and Joane Pytt, by Christian his wife, died 
 24 June, 1738, aged 8 weeks and 2 days. Also here lyeth Christian the wife of said 
 Elijah Pytt, died 8 December, 1747, aged 45- Also Christian, daughter of the above 
 
 Elijah Pytt, was here buried May 29th, ljj6, aged 19 years. 24. Five Children 
 
 of Edward (2uarington, of this city, by Margaret his wife; viz. Margaret, Robert, lul- 
 
 ward, Mary, and Margaret, who all died infants, between 1712 and 1720. 25. 
 
 Arms: on a fess 3 lozenges, Robert Fielding (son of Dr. Fielding, once an eminent 
 
 physician
 
 S56 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 physician in this city) died Feb. 10, I709, aged 45 ; and Robert his only son, by his 
 
 wife Elizabeth, died July 4, 17II, aged 4. 26. Elizabeth Brett, daughter of Charles 
 
 Brett, of the county of Gloucester, Esq. by Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Charles 
 Gauden, of Lowlayton, in the county of Essex, Esq. eldest son of the Right Rev. 
 Father in God John Gauden, Lord Bishop of Worcester, died March the l8th, 1729, 
 
 aged 16; a young lady of most extraordinary merit and goodness.- 27. Nicholas 
 
 Webb, Gent, died May 18, 1691, aged 70. Nicholas Webb, Esq. one of the Aldermen 
 and once Mayor of this city, and son of the above-mentioned Nicholas Webb, Gent, 
 died June 15, I712. Deborah his wife, July 15, I713. Nicholas Webb, of Barton 
 
 Street, Esq. their son, I714. Thomas Webb, of Moor-End, in Slymbridge, 
 
 August 6, 1754, aged 64. Thomas his son, August 25, 1750, aged 28. 28. Arms : 
 
 a cross, in the dexter quarter an eagle displayed, impaling a cross engrailed, 
 
 within a border engrailed also. Giles Greville, of this city, Gent, died Sept. 29, 1645, 
 aged 35. John Webb, Gent, once Mayor of this city, died Septem. 4, 1686, aged 57. 
 Jane his relict, daughter of Giles Greville, Gent. Sept. 22, I706, aged 73. Thomas 
 Webb, Esq. March 26', 1734, aged 71. Anne his wife, Oct. 27, 1734. Nicholas, 
 
 younger son, Dec. 29, I769, aged 73. 29. H. S. E. Jacobus Hodges, vir in praxi 
 
 ohyrurgica peritus et indefessus. [Then an eulogy.] Apoplexia praemature correptus, 
 
 obiit Aprilis 5*°, A. D. 1733, setatis 35°. In the North A'de, on grave-stones. 
 
 30. Anne Heming, wife of John Heming, of this city, Gent, died May 4, 1712, aged 
 56. John Heming, Gent, died July 27, I721, aged 66. Benjamin Heming, their 
 son, Nov. 29, 1756, aged 66. Anne, his daughter, Nov. 12, I738, aged 9. Mary, 
 
 relict of Benjamin Heming, Dec. 21, I766, aged 71. 31. John Carill, of this city, 
 
 hosier, and Sarah his wife. Hee died Feb. the 22, 16S7, she Feb. the 18, I697. Al- 
 derman Thomas Carill, once Mayor of this city, and Mary his wife. He died June 
 the 8, 1736; she Sept. the 21, I715. And also 6 of their children: Thomas, died 
 August 27, 1703; Honour, May 9, 171I; Lovis, June 12, 17II ; Thomas, July 15, 
 171I; Pierson, Dec. 2, 1715 ; Elizabeth, May30, 1733. Mary Carill, spinster, died 
 
 December the 1st, 1741, aged 67. 32. Arms: a lion rampant, impaling sem6 of 
 
 a lion rampant. Samuel Lye, Alderman and once Mayor of this city, 
 
 died March 31, 1712, aged 73. Thomas Lye, Clerk, Vicar of South Petherton, co. 
 Somerset, Nov. 25, 1712. Thomas his son, aged 2, by Sarah his relict, daughter of 
 Thomas Sumner, of Treddington, co. Gloucester, Gent. Jan. 20, I714. Elizabeth 
 Price, widow, daughter of William Attwood, of Pauntly, co. Gloucester, Gent. May 
 22, 1725. Anne Lye, aged 16, daughter of Nathaniel L\'e, Gent, and Sarah his wife, 
 another daughter of the above William Attwood, March 10, 1726. Nathaniel Lye, 
 
 Dec. 10, 1749, aged 78. Sarah the above, his wife. May 29, I749, aged 73. Li 
 
 the South A'de, on grave-stones. 33. Arms : a lion rampant, impaling a chevron 
 double cottised between three birds. Catherine wife of Robert Bromwich, Esq. and 
 daughter of John Norden, in the county of Wilts, Esq. died June 14, I707, aged 5G. 
 
 34. Thomas Pantall, late of Ledbury, died 19 August, 1731, aged 70. Also 
 
 Margaret the daughter of Rowland Pytt, of this city, ironmonger, by Hannah his wife, 
 
 only
 
 ST. MICHAEL. 
 
 357 
 
 only daughter of Thomas Pantall, was buried Dec. 12, I738, aged 18 years. Also 
 Elizabeth daughter of Rowland Pytt, died March 30, I742, aged 13 years. — On this 
 stone is also another inscription for Rowland Pytt, to the same purport as on his 
 monument. 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 
 Profession. Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Ensign Jonathan Craker, killed 
 
 at llaglan siege 16i6 24 
 
 Mary, fourtli daughter of John 
 
 Driver, of Aston P . ar. of 
 
 Avening 10 Nov. 1661 — 
 
 Against the Pillars. 
 
 James Phillips, sadler 12 Feh. I708 51 
 
 Mary, his first wife 30 Apr. 1698 38 
 
 Maiy, his daughter by a second 
 
 wife 20 Oct. 1712 10 
 
 Thomas Clarke (commoner of 
 
 Pembroke College, Oxon).. 13 Apr. 1744 23 
 
 Nathaniel Castle, baker 26 Oct. 1699 52 
 
 Mary, his wife 28 Feb. 1680 35 
 
 Anne, daughter 29 Mar. 1682 3 
 
 Mary, daughter 28 Feb. 1 695 20 
 
 Anne, his second wife 12 Feb. 1*02 — 
 
 On Grave-stones — Eastward. 
 
 John Bishop, gent 7 Aug. I717 81 
 
 Hesther, his wife 4 Aug. 1*04 67 
 
 Hester, their daughter 4 Aug. 1*24 65 
 
 Elizabeth, ditto 29 Apr. 1734 67 
 
 Richard, their son 15 Nov. I76O 80 
 
 Hannah, daughter 9 Aug. 1761 85 
 
 Robert Pyke, gent 27 Dec. 1697 77 
 
 !„«• ™, fsi'ns of JefFery BeaIe,^ 
 
 V. wife J 
 
 Joseph Plielps, gent 13 May, 1 704 80 
 
 Joan, his wife 31 Jan. 1721 84 
 
 Joan, Elizabeth, Joseph, Daniel, 
 
 Edward, Edith, their children 
 
 Susanna, daughter of Thomas 
 
 Surman, of Treddington, 
 
 gent, wife of Jos. Phelps, 
 
 jun. son of the first Joseph 15 Mar. 1705 22 
 
 Elizabeth, their daughter .... jnf. 
 
 Mary, wife of Joseph Phelps, 
 
 gent, only daughter of Ri- 
 chard Hobbs, of Bishops- 
 
 Cleeve, gent 23 Apr. 1"29 40 
 
 Jeremy Hayward 2 Jan. 1717 46 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 
 Profession. Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 William, his son, grocer 13 Sept. 1766 60 
 
 Sarah and Elizabeth, daughters 
 
 of Joseph Phelps inf. 
 
 William Howlett 1 June, 1*28 — 
 
 Anthony Williams, maltster .. 24 May, 1751 82 
 
 Mary, his wife 6 Dec. 1741 71 
 
 Anthony Williams, jun. son, 
 
 gent 23 Aug. 1726 26 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Nich. Barnes, 
 
 mercer 3 Sept. 1715 38 
 
 John, their second son, Tho- 
 
 mas,Nicholas, and Elizabeth inf. 
 
 Tho. Beard, mercer, son of Jn. 
 
 Beard, gent 27 Mar. 1665 — 
 
 Mr. John Stock, grocer 23 Mar. 1745 63 
 
 Susanna, wife of Mr. William 
 Stock, dau. of Thomas Rich, 
 of North Cerney, gent 24 July, 1*31 43 
 
 Susanna, Mary, Dorothy, their 
 
 children inf. 
 
 Martha, daughter of George 
 
 and Sarah Filder 23 Feb. I710 — 
 
 Henry Fletcher, mercer, buried 3 Mar. 16*0 — 
 
 son of John and Eliza- 
 beth Whittern 30 Jan. 1650 — 
 
 John, son of John Whitterne 13 Sept. 1702 53 
 
 Anne, wife of his son I^urence 
 
 Whithorne fsicj, goldsmith 21 Feb. 17O8 22 
 
 Also S.W. their son — — — 1710 inf. 
 
 Lucy, dau. of John Cowcher, 
 of London 16 Feb. J "09 9 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Elbridge 30 Aug. 1675 — 
 
 Thomas Lane, chandler 12 Jan. 1699 — 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Sam. Bur- 
 roughs, gent, daughter of 
 Thomas Mee, gent 3 June, I711 — 
 
 Thomas, their son 15 Jan. I709 — 
 
 Samuel Burroughs, gent 28 Jan. I717 49 
 
 Mary Burroughs, his grand- 
 daughter 20 Aug. 1 758 20 
 
 Samuel Burroughs, mercer . . 26 Sept. I700 72 
 
 Anne Burroughs, his daughter, 
 
 buried 2.' June, 1686 'i 1
 
 358 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Profession. 
 
 North lie — Grave-stones. 
 
 Joseph Carrill 
 
 Sarah, his relict 
 
 Mary, wife of Thomas Carill, 
 
 their son 
 
 William Wright 
 
 Hesther, 'laughter of Thomas 
 
 Lane 
 
 James Man, leather-dresser . . 
 
 Frances, his relict 
 
 Jane, wife of James Rogers, 
 
 bricklayer 
 
 Susanna, their daughter 
 
 Anne, wife of John Cheslet . . 
 Jane, daughter of George Dow- 
 din, carpenter, by Eleanor 
 
 his wife 
 
 Jane her sister, and John their 
 
 son 
 
 George Rayer, barber 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife 
 
 William and Elizabeth, their 
 
 children 
 
 Mary, wife of John Blanch . . 
 
 Thomas, son of John 
 
 John, his twin-brother 
 
 Eversena, wife of John Blanch 
 
 John White, son of Sa 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter of John 
 
 and Catherine Beard 
 
 Eleanor Tyler, relict of James 
 
 Tyler, plumber 
 
 John, their son 
 
 William Gould, plumber .... 
 Edmund Sturray, glover .... 
 
 Blanch, his wife 
 
 Abigail, their daughter 
 
 Richard White, sen. cord- 
 
 wainer 
 
 Alice, wife of Nathaniel Jones, 
 taylor, daughter of Richard 
 Engle, by Giace his wife . . 
 
 Giles Marden 
 
 Margaret, his wife 
 
 John Barker 
 
 Ann, his wife 
 
 Robert Clea^ely, grocer .... 
 
 Mary, his wife 
 
 Mary, their daughter 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 27 Jan. 1687 — 
 
 18 Feb. 1697 — 
 
 21 Sept. 1715 — 
 
 22 Aug. 1713 — 
 
 16 Nov. 1667 — 
 
 13 May, 1740 78 
 
 8 Mar. 1770 — 
 
 11 Oct. 1742 39 
 
 inf. 
 
 7 Aug. 1741 63 
 
 1 Feb. 1711 4i 
 
 inf. 
 
 12 Sept. 1762 6.5 
 
 1 Aug. 1736 — 
 
 inf. 
 
 10 Dec. 1734 23 
 
 9 Oct. 1740 6 
 
 2.5 July, 1747 13 
 
 2 Feb. 1753 50 
 
 8 Apr. 1656 — 
 
 6 Apr. 1742 73 
 
 3 July, 
 
 1729 
 
 72 
 
 14 Nov. 
 
 1718 
 
 27 
 
 4 Sept. 
 
 1724 
 
 — 
 
 6 Jan. 
 
 1798 
 
 94 
 
 3 Mar. 
 
 1664 
 
 51 
 
 6 Oct. 
 
 1666 
 
 26 
 
 9 Dec. 1709 JG 
 
 19 July, 
 
 1712 
 
 36 
 
 — May, 
 
 16S7 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 1716 
 
 — 
 
 5 Nov. 
 
 1714 
 
 59 
 
 22 May, 
 
 1726 
 
 — 
 
 
 1667 
 1702 
 
 60 
 81 
 
 31 July, 
 
 7 Oct. 
 
 165.. 
 
 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 
 Profession. Dale of Decease. Age. 
 
 Robert, their son 31 Aug. 166.. — 
 
 Robert Clarke, vintner 7 Dec. 74 
 
 Elizabeth, his relict 5 Aug. 81 
 
 George, their son 28 June, 1683 inf. 
 
 Elizabeth, their daughter 15 Sept 17 
 
 Robert Pengiy, gent l Nov. 1666 — 
 
 Anonemy ('iif^ his child IS Oct. 1649 — 
 
 John, ditto 8 Apr. 1658 — 
 
 Mary, ditto 1 Jan. 1659 — 
 
 Four children of Sanmel Hay- 
 ward, who married Deborah, 
 daughter of Thomas Pen- 
 gry, viz. — 
 
 Elizabeth 2 Aug. 1667 — 
 
 William 9 Feb. 1673 — 
 
 Samuel 31 July, 1678 — 
 
 Deborah 22 Sept. 1679 — 
 
 Thomas Carill, hosier — Feb. 1703 31 
 
 Mary, his daughter 19 Nov. 1720 — 
 
 John Carill, hosier 26 Jan. 1760 54 
 
 Maiy, daughter of John Carill, 
 
 jun. by Alice his wife — Mar. 1700 3 
 
 Thomas Deckins, maltster. .. . 15 Mar. 1732 53 
 Eliza, his wife, daughter of 
 John and Elizabeth Hall, of 
 
 Ledbury 23 Sept. 1725 60 
 
 Soitth A'de. — Gravestones. 
 
 William Birt — Apr. 1693 — 
 
 Deborah, his wife 1692 — 
 
 Adam Collerick, chiiurgeon. . 1717 58 
 
 Another Adam Collerick, sur- 
 geon 27 Jan. 1749 55 
 
 James Kingman, wire-dra^ver 7 Sept. 1748 SO 
 
 James, his son 31 May, 1761 63 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife 22 Feb. 1*54 — 
 
 Hester Gardiner, of Rouscomb 2 Apr. 1683 — 
 
 Robert Davies, brazier 16 Jan. 1709 46 
 
 Rebeccah, his wife 5 Oct. 1704 43 
 
 Two of their children — 
 
 Thomas Onion 7 Feb. 1*03 84 
 
 Anne, wife of Thomas Davis. . 18 Aug. 1758 68 
 Bridget, daughter of Toby 
 Langford,gent. wife of Tho- 
 mas Onion, silk-weaver ... 25 Oct. 1678 56 
 Anne, wife of Henry Spring, 
 
 looking-glass maker 3 Dec. 1678 24 
 
 Thomas Ady, baker 5 Dec. I707 55 
 
 Several children, by Margery 
 
 his wife — 
 
 Nicholas
 
 ST. MICHAEL. 
 
 359 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 
 Profession. Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Nicholas Langford, gent <26 July, 1631 96 
 
 Anne, his wife — 
 
 Toby, his son 14 Apr. 1644 71 
 
 Eleanor, his wife 2'2 Mar. 1643 61 
 
 Thomas Browne 19 Mar. 1710 81 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Thos. 
 
 Pace, gent 14 June, 170S inf. 
 
 Margaret, wife of Sam. War- 
 ner, clothier 24 Oct. 1 699 76 
 
 Church-ijard. — On Tombs. 
 
 Edith, wife of Henry Darke 
 
 (Serjeant at mace) 29 Apr. 1757 34 
 
 Mary, wife of Charles Cole, 
 
 innholder 19 July, 1760 52 
 
 James, their son 8 Feb. 1752 7 
 
 Mary, wife of Stephen Hay ward 4 Oct. 1736 G6 
 
 John and William, sons — — — 
 
 William, son of John Johnston, 
 
 of Pyetshaws, in Timder- 
 
 garth, Scotland 8 June, 1714 2^ 
 
 Mary, wife of James Thomas . 6 Jan. 1768 55 
 
 James, their son 23 June, 1752 20 
 
 Mary, Ann, John, children . . infs. 
 
 E. S. buried 10 July, 1749 — 
 
 John Rogers, vintner 22 Dec. 1769 72 
 
 John Kingman 18 Feb. 1723 62 
 
 John Kingman, jun 14 July, 1727 31 
 
 Thomas Weale, baker 20 June, 1724 48 
 
 Margery, his wife 28 Oct. 1738 70 
 
 Elizabeth, their daughter. .. 2 Feb. 1706 11 
 
 Hester, their daughter 22 Apr. 1701 4 
 
 Ore Head-stones. 
 
 Richard Heming 19 Dec. 1737 80 
 
 Mary, his wife 1 7 1 .5 50 
 
 Elizabeth Carter 3 Aug. 1714 24 
 
 Richard Wheeler 11 Sept. 1727 30 
 
 Sarah, his wife 4 Apr. 1755 70 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 
 Profession. Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Richard Townsend 1730 — 
 
 Peter Jones 17 Mar. 1732 59 
 
 Thomas Jones — May, 38 
 
 Jane Jones — Mar. — 
 
 Ralph Felton 17 May, 1726 13 
 
 Richard Felton 24 Mar. 1731 4 
 
 William Percival 11 May, 1765 71 
 
 Mary, his wife 13 Aug. 1766 67 
 
 Mary, their daughter 20 Mar. 1770 30 
 
 Ann Shaw 19 Sept. 1*62 33 
 
 Jane, wife of John Hone .... 28 July, 1704 22 
 
 William Raleigh, coachman . . 8 Jan. 1770 -~ 
 
 James Harris 20 Oct. 1758 52 
 
 Sarah Rudge 30 Nov. 1/54 — 
 
 Jane, relict of Rich. Partridge 31 Aug. 1704 65 
 
 John Barton 23 Feb. 1763 82 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife 28 Aug. 1740 58 
 
 Robert Gransmore 2 June, 1766 34 
 
 Mary, daughter of Thomas 
 
 Woodward 27 May, 1756 27 
 
 Robert Berry, of I^ongfonl . . 4 Feb. 1704 59 
 
 Henry Brimyard 2 Feb. 176. . 84 
 
 Anne, his wife 22 Feb. 1731 56 
 
 Sarah, wife of Henry Brimyard 5 July, 1712 34 
 
 Joseph Abel 31 Mar. 1707 30 
 
 James Allard 11 Sept. 1706 63 
 
 Walter Porter 22 Dec. 1746 52 
 
 Richard Houlsen 17 Apr. 1712 19 
 
 William Bradshaw, sen 23 Jan. 1724 94 
 
 Mary, wife of James Hartland 23 Dec. 1741 41 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of John Loxley 7 Nov. 1730 52 
 
 Thomas Summers 16 Dec. 1725 — 
 
 Thomas Mills 1 Feb. 1770 85 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife 17 Dec. 1750 66 
 
 John Mills, their son 3 Oct. 1747 29 
 
 Elizabeth Couchman 16 1705 — 
 
 Thomas Lye 24 Mar. 1695 60 
 
 Elizabeth Ganemond 18 Mar. 1729 87 
 
 Henry Pallet 12 Sept. 1701 — 
 
 sr.
 
 $60 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 ST. NICHOLAS. 
 
 THE history of this Church commences with a singular affirmation, viz. that the 
 mural coronet upon the spire proves it to have been erected by one of the Kings of 
 England. The fact is, that whenever the top of a spire was destroyed, this was an 
 ancient method of finishing up the stump. It occurs at Minchin Hampton, and 
 many other churches, known not to be of royal foundation. 
 
 . Upon this supposition, it is probable, was raised the story of the erection of this 
 Church by King John ; for nothing certain appears about it till the reign of his son 
 Henry the Third, when an Inquisition was taken about St. Bartholomew's Hospital 
 and this Church *. Archdeacon Furney's Manuscripts*' give the account below stated, 
 and it is certain that it was only deemed a Chapel of St. Bartholomew's, from the 
 earliest date of record, whatever it might have been before, if it had a previous 
 existence. 
 
 Besides various chantries, this church appears to have been peculiarly eminent upon 
 two grounds ; its being the Westminster Abbey for the Members of the Corporation, 
 and the support of permanent lights, a cheaper sort of chantry: a church-yard tomb- 
 stone instead of a n)arble monument. In the Classical ages, the Streets of the Tombs 
 were beautiful and instructive entrances to cities; in modern times, the effect is lost, 
 together with any public interest in their preservation. 
 
 On the first tradition of chantries •■, it is sufficient to mention, that one of them is 
 so far noticeable as to have been the foundation of a Thomas of Gloucester, Esq. in 
 1446. Inability to give a pedigree of a family of such well-founded pretensions, as the 
 name demonstrates, is an object of regret to any real Antiquary. The two most ancient 
 families in the place were those of Dunning, and de Gloucester. Dunning is men- 
 tioned in Domesday Book, in the Abbey Registers, and Lists of Mayors; and in Mr. 
 Counsel's garden in Hare-lane is a fine relick of " Dunning's-j)lace," his ancient seat. 
 
 a MSS. Prinn. 
 
 •> " The advowson of the church was granted to Nicholas Rangell 4 John, and William Coxwell, incum- 
 bent of it, 5 Henry HI. for the repairing of the West Bridge. Eleanor, his .Queen, ga\e it to St. Bartho- 
 lomew's Hospital, and Pope Gregory (perhaps the eleventh of that name, though not expressed) by his Bull 
 confirmed the same to the Hospital ; but says, 'twas given by a Bishop of Worcester with the consent of the 
 Chapter." — " By an ordinance of Parliament, 1648, for uniting the Holy Trinity to it, an annuity of SO/. 
 was annexed to this Curacy, with one of the prebendal houses ; and the incumbent was to pay, for first- 
 fruits and tenths, at the rate of S/. per annum." — " This is reckoned as a Chapel of St. Bartholomew's 
 Hospital," &c. 
 
 c Of their history under St. Mary do Grace, — " ' Tis an impropriation, annexed, united, and belonging 
 to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, granted therewith to the Mayor and Burgesses by Queen Elizabeth, and by 
 them leased out at the rent of 11. 6s. 8rf. to the Hospital, at I3s.4ft. to the Dean and Chapter (as part of the 
 revenues of St. Peter's .\bbey) to be paid by the Curate." MSS. Furney, Bibl. Bodl. 
 
 Miles

 
 ST. NICHOLAS. 361 
 
 Miles de Gloucester was Sheriff of the county in 11 54. Though it is probable that 
 this Miles was the famous Earl Milo, yet a Richard de Gloucester had an estate in 
 Smith-street''. 
 
 On the second point, the perpetual lights burning at the High Altar and the Cross, 
 in front of the Rood-loft, for Sandford and Windsor, and others, it is sufficient to 
 give an explanation from a cheap and very learned publication, which ought to be in 
 the hands of every Clergyman * : 
 
 " The perpetual lamps and candles of the heathen worship are constantly adverted 
 to by their Authors, as burning before the altars and statues of their deities ^ Hero- 
 dotus states, that the Egyptians, who first introduced the use of their lights into their 
 idolatrous temples 5, had a grand yearly festival, called, from its chief business, the 
 lighting up of candles^. Hospinian mentions the exposure of this custom by the 
 primitive Christians ' ; and Lactantius, speaking of the heathens, says, ' they light up 
 candles to God, as if he lived in the dark ; but do not they deserve to rank as madmen, 
 who offer lamps to the Author and Giver of light.' In the old heathen inscriptions 
 are many instances of presents of lamps and candlesticks from individuals to the tem- 
 ples and altars of them that were no gods''. The same custom also obtains among 
 the idolaters of China ; and Lord Bacon observes, that the support of superstitious 
 practices is highly lucrative'." 
 
 The Church, when in its glory, was a fine Gothic structure, having a slender grace- 
 ful tower of three stories, with angular buttresses and large windows, the effect of 
 which is much injured by the stump of the spire, like an amputated thigh in ancient 
 Statuary. An harmonious battlement, and pinnacles to the tower, would have been 
 in better taste. A protruding South aile, elbowing an ancient porch shoved into 
 recess, has reduced the Church to the appearance of a waggon loaded with projecting 
 goods, of which the tower and part of the nave form the horse and shafts. In a 
 country village it would, however, be a fine church. As it is situate, the South aile 
 should be prolonged Westward, and the tower altered in the form suggested. 
 
 John Workman, brother of the Master of the College School, was a schismatical 
 lecturer here, and occasioned much trouble to the Bishop of Gloucester, and Archbi- 
 shop of Canterbury "". 
 
 d Glouc. Abb. Reg. A. n. 162. RISS. Prinn. — The Chantries in tliis Church were St. Mary's, benc- 
 factioned by Alderman John Cook \h18 ; this of Thomas of Gloucester ; another dedicated to St. Thomas, 
 founded or benefactioned by William Sandford, temp. Henry HI. — In 1491 Agnes Francomb instituted an 
 obit; of whicli, since the dissolution, 6s. Hd. has been paid by the grantee to the churchwardens. 
 
 e Popery, the Religion of Heathenism; Lond. 8vo. 1818, price 3«. 
 
 f Plin. Hist. 1. 34. c. 3. Cic. in Verr. 2. Virg. /En. 4. 200. K Clem. Alex. Strom. 1. i. c. 16. 
 
 1> Clem. Alex. Strom, lib. ii. 62. Lond. edit. ' De Orig. Tcmplor. 1. ii. 22. 
 
 k Grut. Inscr. 177- 3. 
 
 1 "The causes of superstition arc agreeable, and sensual rites and ceremonies; the extravagances of 
 external and Pharisaic sanctity ; an undue reverence of traditions, which m\ist inevitably burden the 
 Church ; tl>e stratagems of Prelates, which they use for their own ambition and i)rofit.'' Opera, X. 48. cd. 
 Lond. 1803. — All these quotations are from the book just mentioned, jip. 41 — 55. 
 
 «" Athen. Oxen. II. 197. 
 
 3 A Incu.mbknts.
 
 562 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 INCUMBENTS. 
 
 Patrons. — The Corporation of Gloucester. 
 
 .... SiGAR. 
 
 5 Hen. III. William Coxnell, or Cu- 
 
 TUELL. 
 
 Temp. Hen. III. Roger. 
 
 Temp. Hen. III. Thomas. 
 
 ****** 
 
 1541. Thomas Boking. 
 
 1548. John Henbury (some time bro- 
 ther of St. Bartholomew's Hos- 
 pital) deprived for marriage in 
 1554> occurs Curate of Kimpley 
 1558. Hugh Fishpoie, some 
 time a Chantry Priest of St. 
 John's service in St. Michael's, 
 deprived at the same time with 
 Henbury, for marriage, of the 
 Readership of the Gospel in the 
 Cathedral. Archdeacon Furney 
 supposes that, upon relinquish- 
 ing his wife, he held the Curacy 
 till his death, about 1558. 
 
 1562. John Henbury occurs again ; also 
 Curate of all Saints, and Minor 
 Canon. 
 
 15^9- 1 Richard Warret, or Warrint, 
 
 1572. J Minor Canon, Rector of She- 
 nington, Vicar of St. Mary de 
 Lode. 
 
 1572. William Preston, before Curate 
 of St. Michael's and St. Mary 
 de Grace. 
 
 1587. H. Aisgill, M. a. (presumed In- 
 
 cumbent for a short time) after- 
 wards Prebendary. 
 
 1587. Giles Randle, presumed to have 
 resigned upon taking up the Rec- 
 tory of Cranham in I593. 
 
 1594. John Ward, Rectorof Farmington. 
 
 1594. Fr. Arnold, Usher of the Colle- 
 giate School. 
 
 1597. Elias Wrench, M. A. Master of 
 theColIegiateSchooljPrebendary. 
 
 1609. Evan Vaughan, M. A. 
 
 1613. Thomas Prior, M. A. Prebendary; 
 probably resigned upon taking 
 the Rectory of Cowley in 1619. 
 
 1622. John Workman. 
 
 1628. John Fordham. 
 
 1634. John Holford. 
 
 1635. John Allibond; Rector of Broad- 
 
 well in 1636. 
 1645. Help-on-high Fox, M.A. dying, 
 1679. Thomas Singleton, Curate, dying, 
 1686. John Hilton, Usher of the Col- 
 legiate School ; resigned both 
 upon taking, 1707, the Vicarage 
 of Stonehouse. 
 1708. Benjamin Newton, M.A. Rector 
 of Tainton, co. Glouc. and Vicar 
 of Lantwit, co. Glamorgan. 
 1735- Samuel Gwinnet, LL. B. Vicar 
 
 of Down Hatherley. 
 1775. The Rev. Martin Barry, A. M. 
 the present Incumbent. 
 
 Epitaphs.
 
 ST. NICHOLAS. 363 
 
 EPITAPHS. 
 
 In the Chancel. 
 
 North side. — 1. Arms : A fess embattled counter-embattled between three . . . . ; 
 impaling a mascle between three roiindlets. Gul'mus Windowe, de hac civitate, gen. 
 obiit 20 Dec. anno salutis iGGg, aet. 6g. Robert, his eldest son, gent. April 20, l6.^9, 
 aged 31. Grace, wife of the above William, Feb. 28, 1684. Henry, their third son, 
 
 Esq. 30 April 169O, aged 52, Sarah, his widow, Jan. 23, 1700, aged 85. 2. 
 
 Arms : Within a lozenge Argent an eagle with two necks displayed Sable ; impalint", 
 
 Sable, a fess embattled counter-embattled Or between three of the second. 
 
 Mary, the widow of Mr. Peter Lloyd, of the City of London, Hamburgh merchant, 
 and daughter of William Window, of this city, gent, died May 7, 1707, aged 6'4. 
 
 3. Arms: Argent, a chevron Gules between three foxes' heads erased of the 
 
 second ; impaling, Gules, a saltire Argent. Jane, the pious, loyal wife of Heipe Fox, 
 
 M. A. and Minister of this jjlace, was here interred .Julv 13, 1657. 4- Arms: 
 
 Azure, on a chevron Argent three roses Gules ; impaling. Ermine, on a chief Or a 
 label of three ])oints Gules. Toby Bullocke, Gent. Alderman, and once Mayor of 
 this city, died Sept. 4, 1641, aged 75. Anne, daughter, wife to William Rysell, Al- 
 derman, 1C48. Anne, wife of Thomas Bullocke, Feb. 18, 1/53, aged 70. Thomas 
 
 Bullocke, gent. Dec. 26, 1759? aged 72. Luke, Ann, and Susanna, their children. 
 
 5. Arms: Partie per chevron. Sable and Argent, three elephants' heads erased counter- 
 changed. Catherine, wife of Benjamin Saunders, one of the Aldermen of this city, 
 died 21 Oct. 175I, aged 44 years. Also Richard Coleman, died 20 June, 1752, aged 
 47 years. Also Benjamin Saunders, Esq. Alderman, and twice Mayor of this citv. 
 
 He died December 25, I763, aged 69. On the South side. — 6. On a free-stone 
 
 monument, a handsome effigy of Richard Green, in canonicals, and square cap. 
 Arms : Azure, three bucks trippant Or. In memory of a learned studious Divine, 
 Richard Green, son of Richard Green, of this city, gent, and Elizabeth his wife. He 
 had performed all exercise for a Master of Arts ; pcn'd the sermon preached at his 
 funeral; finished his ministry in six months; breaking a vein in Oxford proved fotal 
 to him. He departed this life June the 8th, 17II, in the 23'' year of his age. Henry, 
 
 his brother, died June the l8th, lf)98, aged 9 years ; and Jeane, aged 5 weeks. 
 
 7. Arms in six quarterings; 1. Azure, a chevron between three spears' heads; 2, 
 Gules, a chevron; 3. quarterly per fess Azure, 1 and 4 Argent, 2 and 3 a fret Or; 4. 
 
 (iules, three Or; 5. a fess Gules between six . . . ., three in chief, in base two 
 
 and one; 6. a chevron : impaling Brydges. Margaret, the wife of Evan Seys, of Bo- 
 verton, in com. Glamorg. Esq. sole daughter of Robert Bridges, in com. Gloc. Gent, 
 departed this life 14 Jan. I651, leaving her husband ami their three children, Ri- 
 
 charde,
 
 364 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 charde, Elizabeth, and Margaret, to finish their appointed time in this Hfe. 8. 
 
 Arms : Within a lozenge Azure on a bend engrailed Azure three roundlets; impaling, 
 Azure, two bars, in chief a canton Ermine. Mary, the wife of Francis Cutts, Esq. by 
 whom she liad l6 children. She was the daughter of Sir Richard Catchmay, Knt. 
 
 She died Jany the 12th, 1657. 9- Arms: Argent, on a chevron Azure three garbs 
 
 Or; impaling, partie per chevron, Sable and Argent, three elephants' heads counter- 
 changed. Hie jacet Rev. vir Johannes Newton, A.M. Ecclesiae Anglicanae Presbyter, 
 dim Aulae de Clare apud Cantab. Socius, et Ecclesiae St. Martini apud Leicestrienses 
 Vicarius : deinde Ecclesiae Cathedralis Glocestriensis Prebendarius, et ecclesiae Tayn- 
 ton in agro Gloc. Rector. [Then an eulogy.] Qui demum lxxiii annorum pon- 
 
 dere variisque infirmitatibus gravatus desideratus obiit Sept. xx. mdccxi. 10. On 
 
 a brass plate. Neither arms nor lower inscription now to be seen. Arms : Quarterly ; 
 1. on a bend three lions' gambs erased; 2. upon a chevron Hve roundlets within a bor- 
 der engrailed ; 3. partie per bend a cross flory; 4. on a cross five mascles. Here lyeth 
 Nicholas Sancry, Esquier, lerned in the lawes of this realme, some tyme of the Inner 
 Temple in London, whoe died Sept. 6, 1589. Elizabeth, his wife, daughter of Ri- 
 chard Read, of Boddington, Esq. July 25, 1585. Mary, her daughter, by John 
 Kemys, of St. Loo, Esq. wife of Richard Harbert, May 13, 1589. 
 
 On Gravestones in the Chancel. 
 
 II. Arms: Newton and Saunders, as before. Johannes Newton ob. Sep. 21, 1715. 
 Juditha, ux' Johannis Newton, ob. Jun. 1, I715. Jane, his wife. May 16, 1715^ 
 
 Jane, their daughter, Jan. 8? 1715. Anna, their daughter, Aug. 2, 1715. 12. 
 
 Arms: Ermine, three crescents. James Kenn, Gent, youngest son of George Kenn, 
 of Woolstrup in this county of Gloucester, Esq. died the 10th of May, 1723, aged 70. 
 Also Anne, the daughter of ... . Rogers, relict of Thomas Tysoe, of London, who 
 
 departed this life May 30, 1738. 13. Arms: A chevron between three bucks 
 
 trippant ; impaling, a fess cheeky between ten billets, four, three, two, and one. Anne, 
 
 the relict of Benjamin Rogers, of London, gent, died Mar. 25, I733. 14. Anne, 
 
 the wife of William Rysel, Captain, interred Feb. I7, 1647. Captain William Rysell, 
 Jan. 1, 1653. Thomas, his son, April 11, 1654. Hesther, relict of Captain William 
 Rysell, late wife of Mr. Thomas Sylvester, of Witney, co. Oxon. and daughter of 
 
 Laurence Singleton, gent. March 4, 1699, aged 73. *14. Jane, the wife of Arnold 
 
 Aram, of this city, gent, and Jane their daughter, buried Nov. 12, 1667. Five of 
 his children, by Elizabeth his wife: — Geneveiva, July 17, 1676 ; Mary, Oct. 3, l6'}6 ; 
 Elizabeth, Jan. 8, 1681 ; Rebecca, April 6, 1686; Thomas, Sept. I7, 1697. Arnold 
 Aram, gent, died Jan. 15, 1709-IO. Elizabeth, daughter of Arnold Aram, gent. 
 
 died March 16, 1736. 15. Mrs. Rebeka Eldridge, of London, sister to Elizabeth, 
 
 the wife of Arnold Aram, of this city, gent, deceased May 30, anno 1698. Geneveiva 
 Pembruge, died May 6, 1727, aged 7. Elizabeth, widow of Arnold Aram, gent, died 
 March 7, 1739, aged 86. 16, Within a lozenge Ermine sem^e de lis a lion ram- 
 pant. Eleanor, sole daughter and heir of William Poole, of North Cerney, in the 
 
 county
 
 ST. NICHOLAS. 365 
 
 county of Gloucester, gent, deceased, and of Elizabeth his wife, died November 17, 
 
 1679, aged 16*. 17. Thomas, son of WiMiam Wade, Sergeant-major of this garison, 
 
 died May I5, anno 1G5... 18. Eleanor, the wife of Richard Taylor, of this city, 
 
 mercer, youngest dau'r of Anthony Robinson, Esq. died March 21, 1643. Joane, 
 the wife of Laurence Singleton, of this city. Alderman, and eldest daughter of An- 
 thony Robinson, Alderman, died Feb. 27, 1()44, aged 36. 19. Joane, dau'r of 
 
 Toby Bullocke, died Oct. 17, 1651. Alice, another of his daughters, late wife of 
 
 Henry Partridge, of this city, maltster, died November 2, 1667. 20. Elizabeth, 
 
 the wife of William NicoUs, of this city, gent, died Oct. 29, 172S, aged 39. 21. 
 
 Arms: A chevron between three fleurs de lis ; impaling, a chevron engrailed between 
 the same. Richardus Deuxell, de civit' Glo. gen. obiit Feb. 4, l69j, aged 58. Rich. 
 Massinger, hujus civit. Aid. et Margaret, ejus relicta: ille ob. April 17, I668; ilia 
 
 Julii 24, 1678. 22. Arms: A chevron Ermine between three pheons ; impaling, a 
 
 fess charged with five spots between three lozenges. John Arnold, of this city, gent. 
 
 died Nov. 11, 17 10, aged 37. Sarah, his wife, Nov. 30, 1739, aged 34. 23. Elea- 
 
 nora, uxor Jo. Browne, gen. filiae Robert! Robinson, gen. obiit Julii 14, 1603, aet. 
 
 suae 23. 24. Arms : Sable, a cross flory Or, a chief quarterly, 1 and 4 a lion pas- 
 
 saut, 2 and 3 three roundlets; impaling, a stag's head. M.S. Elizabethse, Roberti 
 Robinson, generosi, relictae Tho. Horton, de Stanton, comit' Wigorn. Arm. filise, 
 
 quae obiit Junii 14, anno Dom' 1668, aet. 46. 25. Arms as above. Robert 
 
 Robinson the elder, of this city, gent, died Dec. 29, 1639, aged OS- [Then some 
 verses.] Robert Robinson, the sonn of Anthony Robinson, of this city, gent, died 
 6 March, lG;")3. 26. Above, a ship of war proper. Here lyeth the body of Cap- 
 tain Charles Driver, who died July 30, 1(741. [Then some verses.] 27. Grace, 
 
 wyfe of Christopher Capell, gent, one of the Aldermen of this city, and sister of Ri- 
 chard Haiules, by whom she lyeth buried, died Dec. 21, 1620. John Capel, M. D. 
 
 Sept. (), 17r)3, aged 74. Sarah, his wife, Jan. I9, 1724, aged S9- 28. Arms: A 
 
 greyhound, impaling a fess embattled counter-embattled between three Ro- 
 bert Halford, gent, one of the Aldermen of this city, died April 24, 1683. 29. 
 
 Arms: A bend ingrailed between two cottises; impaling, cheeky, on a fess three lo- 
 zenges. John Hanbvry, Esq. citizen of London, and of Gloucester, Burgesse of tht- 
 Parliament for the city of Glouc: an° D'ni \626, a man, prudent, eminent, munifi- 
 cent, lies here inhum'd the IG day of July, an" D'ni 1658, actatis 84. [Then an urn, 
 
 and some verses.] 30. Mr. John Woodward, Alderman, departed this life in 
 
 his mayoralty the 30th day of 
 
 071 Monuments in the North A'dc. 
 
 31. Arms: Azure, a lion ram])ant between six cross crosslets fitch^e Or, three, two, 
 one ; impaling. Argent, on a bend double eottised three annulets, within a border en- 
 grailed Ciules. Near to this place lies buried Susanna, late wife of William Jordan, 
 one of the Aldermen of this city, who in her life time gave order for the erecting of this 
 monument in memory of her two former husbands, Hichard Ly and Matthew Bower, 
 
 gent.
 
 -66 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 gent, by whom she had eleven children, all which lie here interred. She died August 
 
 l6th, 1685. 32. In memory of Gabriel Harris, sen. Alderman, and twice Mayor 
 
 of this city, and of Susanna, the daughter of Samson Bacon, gent, his wife, by whom 
 he had issue four sons and seven daughters. Three only survived him, Samson, Ann, 
 Gabriel. He died March 25, 1744, aged 78 years ; she died Nov. 28, 1742, aged 
 70. Samson Harris, Cl^ out of gratitude and respect to the memory of his dear 
 
 parents, erected this monument. 33. Jasper Clutterbook, Alderman, of this city, 
 
 once Major, with his wife and daughter, here lye interr'd, together with the father 
 and mother of the said Jasper, who was interr'd Nov. 3, 1659. 34. Arms: A chev- 
 ron between three (qu ?) helmets. Robert Tuther, gent, and once Mayor of this 
 city, died Sept. 23, 1660. Margaret, his wife, died Oct. 1, 1648. 
 
 In the South Aile. 
 
 35. Here lyeth the body of lillizabeth, daughter of Anselm Fowler, of Moorhalls, 
 
 gent, who died August 2, 1679. Jane, his widow, 1681. 36. Lawrence Lugg, 
 
 gent, who died Jan. 1, 1699, aged 55 years. Elizabeth, his relict, April 6, 1704, aged 
 
 54. 37. William Lugg, some time Alderman and once Mayor of this city, died 
 
 Aug. 21, 164&, aged 75 years. Mr. William Lugg, haberdasher, died Aug. IOCS. 
 Thomas Lugg, some time Alderman, died Dec. 13, 1679. Thomas, his son, Aug. 
 
 20, 1667. 38. Peter Haynes, grocer, and late Sheriff of this city, died 7 Nov: 1696', 
 
 aged 45. 39. George Marston died the 14 Dec: 1658. John Marston, jun. gent. 
 
 Dec. 9, 1C86. John Marston, sen. gent. Jan. 28, iGyS. Rebeka Marston, his relict, 
 Nov. 15, 1704, aged 80. Elizabeth, the daughter of John and Rebeka Marston, 17 
 
 Feb. 1737, aged 78. 40. Arms: A fess in chief two mullets for Yate, impaling 
 
 a wyvern rampant. Mr. James Yate, of this city, grocer, died July 12, 1708, aged 
 30. James and Mary, his children, by Mary his wife, died infants. Also Mary, tiie 
 wife of Mr. John Hooke, and daughter of James Stephens, Esq. died December l6, 
 
 1659. 41. Richard Cossley, of this city, gent, and Anne his wife. He died Feb. 
 
 6, 1738, aged 39; she Dec. 30, I736, aged '^Q. Also Richard and Mary, their chil- 
 dren, who died in their infancy. ^42. In memory of Mary, the dau'r of Giles 
 
 Greenaway, of this city, inholder, by Margaret his wife, who died Dec. 5, I765, aged 
 
 f) years and 6 months. 43. Here lie interred the bodies of John Deighton, of 
 
 this city, gent, and Jane his wife, davghter to Edward Basset, of Vley, Esq. by whom 
 he had issve three sons and fovr davghters. He spent all his time in the stvdy of chi- 
 rvrgery, and attained to great knowledge therein. He died \6 May, l6 . . ; and she 
 the 23 April, 1631. Eliz. Pembruge died 16 Nov. 1787, aged 68. On the same 
 
 stone is a skeleton figure, partly erased by the last inscription. 44. Hie jacet 
 
 Martha, dilectissima uxor Henrici Fowler, gener. praedict' Aldermani 
 
 In th6 Middle Aile. 
 
 On gravestones near the entrance. — 45. William Randle, gent, once SherifFof this 
 city, died 25 April I709, aged 6^. Hesther, his wife, Oct. 22, I7II, aged 63. Da- 
 niel
 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 f^t 
 
 
 t. 
 X 
 
 5:
 
 «!'
 
 ST. NICHOLAS. 367 
 
 niel Randall, maltster, 11 Mar. 1742, n'^ed 66. Ann, his daughter, I713, aged 6". 
 Another Anne, I726, aged 7. 46. Joseph Hogan, Esq. Ensign in the 1st Batta- 
 lion of the Norfolk Regiment of Militia quartered in this city, died the 11 Feb: 176O, 
 3ged 33. He was the only child of the Uev" Mr. Joseph Hogan, of Roughton, in 
 
 the county of Norfolk, Rector of Sparsiiam and Foxley in that county. 47. Richard 
 
 Grymes, sadler, and once Sheriff of this city, departed in the office of Shrivaltrie July 
 7, 16 . . Richard, his eldest son, June 1640. Thomas Stephens, merchant, Jan. 4, 
 
 1724, aged 74. Sarah, his wife, Nov. 23, 1705, aged 36. 48. Caple, son of 
 
 Caple Hanbury, of this city, gent, died in Feb: lGj',-6, aged nine weeks.- 49. 
 
 Arms : On a fess three buckles, in base a thistle. John Leslie, Esq. of Tircarnach, 
 of the parish of Donnahady, in the baron[y] of Strabane and county of Tirone, in the 
 
 kingdom of Ireland, died Aug. 10, I717, aged 44. 50. Georgius Hurdman, gen. 
 
 [Then a long eulogy.] Obiit pridie idus Octob: ann: I71S, set. 5S. 
 
 On Monuments against the Pillars in the Middle and South Ailes, beginning at the 
 If est end of the 3Iiddle Aile, against the South pillars. 
 
 51. Thomas Nicholds, of this city, Alderman, died g March 171S, agedG7. Eli- 
 zabeth, his wife, Jan. 8, I716, aged 66. Elizabeth, their daughter, June ly, I715, 
 
 aged 28. 52. Opposite to the next, against a North pillar. Anns : Partie per pale 
 
 tripartite. 1. xlrgent, a greyhound courant Sable, in chief a crescent; 2. a fess, in chief 
 two mullets, an annulet for difference; 3. Gules, a bend engrailed between three fleurs 
 de lis. John Holford, some time Minister of this parish, died August the 17th, 1653. 
 
 Robert Holford, citizen and fishmonger of London, April 24, 1654, aged 74. 
 
 53. In the South aile, against the first pillar. Arms : A bend wavy. Thomas Lugg, 
 Alderman of this city, died Dec. 13, \6~Q, aged 75. Laurence, his third son, by Mary 
 his wife, Jan. 1, iGyy, aged 55. Elizabeth, his wife, April 6, I704, aged 54. Laurence, 
 
 their son, Oct. 1, 1689, aged 4. 54. At the East end, on the North wall. Anne, 
 
 the wife of Thomas Ludlow, Alderman, and daughter of Robert Lawrence, Esq. of 
 Sevcnhampton, died the 1 1th Sept. 173I, aged 6' 7 years. Barbara, wife of Thomas 
 Ludlow, 26 Sept. 1701, aged 34. Joseph, their son, 27 July, i6q4, aged 4 months. 
 Thomas, their son, 31 July, 1712, aged 13. Mary, their daughter, 2 Sept. 1725. 
 
 aged 30 years. Catharine, their daughter, 13 Nov , 1 month. 55. Arms: 
 
 Argent, a lion passant Gules between three cross crosslets fitchee; impaling, paly 
 of four Argent and Azure, a bend (jules. John Deighton, of this city, gent. Prac- 
 titioner in IMiysick and Chirurgery, died Oct. 3I, 167(1, aged 71. [Then some verses.] 
 Mary, his relict, daughter of Edmund Anslye, of Brooking House, in the parish of 
 Chasilton, in the connty of Oxon. gent, died Nov. 5, 1684, aged 6;^. 56. Two effi- 
 gies oTi a handsome table tonii). [.See the Plate.'] Here lyeth the bodyes of John 
 Wallton, some time Alderman of this city, and of Alice his wife. Both lived in love 
 and unity together many years, who, having finished their course in peaceable man- 
 ner, departed this life. He the 20 of Sep% anno Dom' 1626'; she the 3 of August, 
 
 anno
 
 368 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 anno Dom' 1C20. 57. Memoriae sacrum Margaretae, dilectissimae conjugis Johan- 
 
 riis Gray, hujus civitatis, subtus sepultae. [Then some Latin verses.] 
 
 On Gravestones hi the North Aile. 
 
 58, Here rests the body of John Crump, of this city, clothier, who departed this 
 hfe May 26, 1698, aged 42 years. Daniel Crump, I732, aged 63. Dorothy, their 
 daughter, 1743, aged 47. Dorothy, wife of John Crump above, April 11, 1693 
 
 aged 50. John, Richard, and Dorothy, their children. 59. Charles Crump, ob. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1754, aged 13. Mary, the dau'r of Lawrence Crump, o-f this city, by Lucinda 
 his wife, departed this life March 20, I732, aged 5 years. Also Laurence, who died 
 1725, an infant. Laurence Crump, Alderman, twice Mayor of this city, died Nov. 
 
 2, 1776, aged 77. Lucinda Crump, relict of the above, died July 7, 1784. 60. 
 
 Amia vxor Arnoldi Colwall, civitatis Glocestriae, generosi, obiit tertio 
 
 Octobris, 1 . . ., postquam Sept 61. Elinor, the wife of 
 
 William Lugg, Alderman, and formerly wife of Anty Tyther, died 3 Aug. 1662, aged 
 85. John, the youngest son of the aforesaid William Lugg, died July the 3d, I701, 
 
 ^ged 93 years. 62. Jasper Lugg, of this city, tanner, died May 7, 164")- 63. 
 
 Joan, the beloved wife of Cornelius Piatt, gent, died Jan. 7, 1699, aged 68. 64. 
 
 Arms: A chevron between three cocks' heads erased. Gray Cox, of this city, gent. 
 died July the 21, 1683, aged 59. Catharine, his relict, Dec. 28, I705, aged 74. 
 John, their son, gent. Feb. 7, 1756, aged 43. 
 
 On Gravestones under the Belfry and Gallery. 
 65. Mr. James Clayland, Rector of Cranham, died July 24, 1667, aged 99. 
 
 G6. Thomas Payne, of this city, gent, died April 26, I728, aged 42 years. 67. 
 
 William Heming, of this city, died June 6th, 1727. Bridget, the daughter of Wil- 
 liam and Anne Heming his wife, died an infant. 
 
 Over the entrance of a door that formerly gave passage into the Vestry, are these 
 
 Arms, 8^0. 
 
 Arms: Or, a chevron Sable between three pellets. 1656. This is the gift of Mr. 
 rhomas Singleton, late citizen of London, and born in this parish of St. Nicholas. 
 Besides, for a Sermon upon every Good Fryday morning for ever, twenty shillings ; 
 to the poor of this parish, three pounds ; and three pounds to the poor of St. Mary 
 de Loade, yearly for ever ; and also ten shillings to pay all charges for alteration o! 
 feoflfments yearly for ever. This Sermon is to be appointed by the Mayor, who is to 
 have timely notice by the Clerk, and the monies for the poor to be received from the 
 chamber, and distributed ten days before Christmas. 
 
 On Tombstones in the Church-yard. 
 
 68. Thomas Per. . ., gent, once Mayor of this city, died Nov. 10, 1 692, aged 90. 
 Thomas Mee, eldest son of Thomas Mee, of this city, gent, died Nov. 1, I722, aged 
 
 59.
 
 ST. NICHOLAS. — EPITAPHS. 
 
 369 
 
 59. 6g. Mrs. Mary Mee, daughter of Thomas Mee, gent, died Dec. 25, 1742, 
 
 aged 64. 70. H.S.I. Anna, uxor Sam'hs Mee, hujus civit. gen'i, fiha Thomae 
 
 Trye, de Hardwick, Arm'i, quae domo non ignobih orta amplam stirpem, et honestam, 
 pietate sua decoravit. Sed pro dolor' tandem Phthisi attrita, non benefaciendi defessa 
 tasdium vitae deposuit Aug'ti 7""°, I706, aetat'sS^", cum matre obdoDmiscit (^^<cj Mariae 
 Mee. undecim mensium infantula. H.S.I. Sam. Mee, Armiger, ob' die 3° Augusti, 
 
 anno Dom' 1749, aetatis 81. 71. Anna Viney, the wife of WiUiam Viney, of this 
 
 city, Esq. died May 12, 1722, aged 29. 72. Thomas Hoskins, of this city, mer- 
 chant, died Dec. 16, 16S4. Also two Richards, by Mary his wife, daughter of Hum- 
 phrey Hieron. 73. Thomas Westerdale, gent, and Mary his wife. He was buried 
 
 August31, 164.. ; she April 1, 16 , . Winston Viney, gent, one of their great-grand- 
 children, died Dec. 7, 1709, aged 24- 74. Gabriel Harris, Alderman, and Susanna 
 
 his wife. He died 25 Mar, 1744, aged 78; she 28 Nov. 1742, aged 73 years. Also 
 five of their children, viz. Sarah, Thomas, Love, Mary, and John, who died infants. 
 Thomas Harris, who died 1677. Also Anne his first wife, who died 16G3 ; Saraii, hi? 
 second wife, died in I701. Francis Harris, and Elizabeth his wife. He died March 
 
 the 2;"), 1764, aged 65 ; she the 30 Jan. 1696, aged 79. 75. Anne, the wife of 
 
 John Jefferies, pinmaker, died Sept. 25, I76O, aged 77, Also three of their children, 
 
 viz. John, Anne, Mary, died infants. 76. Joseph Fownes, distiller, died Aug. 12, 
 
 175^> aged 35 years. Susanna, his second wife, daughter of Thomas Hunt, of Marl- 
 borough, died Aug. 31, 1736, aged 35 years. 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 Profession. 
 
 William Bubb, maltster 13 Apr. 1710 55 
 
 Mary, his wife 20 Aug. 1750 CO 
 
 Charles and IVIary, children . . — 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Thomiis Key- 
 lock, of Minstervvorth, gent. 5 Mar. 1649 — 
 
 Henry Oldham 4 Sept, 1727 — 
 
 Mary, his wife 20 Jan. 1735 — 
 
 Augustin Oldham, their son, . 16 May, 1747 44 
 Ruth, sister of Augustin, of the 
 
 city of Worcester 7 June, 1773 72 
 
 Joseph Reeve, carver 10 Mar. 1716 47 
 
 Sarah, his wife 22 Dec. 1714 — 
 
 Fran. Reeve, mason and carver 7 Feb. 1715 76 
 
 Hannah, his wife 20 July, 1660 50 
 
 Hannah, daughter 28 Feb. 1676 9 
 
 George, their son 21 May, 1706 21 
 
 Samuel Baldwin, carver 27 Aug. 1645 — 
 
 South Aisle. 
 
 Walter Taynton, mercer.... 19 Apr, 1646 — 
 
 Mary, his first wife 8 Aug. 1630 — 
 
 Walter,son, grocer 16 Feb. 1658 — 
 
 Christian, second wife 16 Oct. 1671 — 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 Profession, 
 
 William, their son. Minister of 
 
 Sherborne, CO. GIouc 9 Feb. 1677 — 
 
 Anne, daughter 8 Doc. 1679 — 
 
 Toby Tainton, grocer 25 Oct. 1709 74 
 
 On Gravestones. 
 
 Walter Taynton, mercer , . . . 17 Apr. 1646 6^ 
 Walter, son, by Mary his first 
 
 wife 16 Feb. 1658 — 
 
 Mary, his first wife 3 Aug. 1630 — 
 
 William Wood 19 Nov. 1741 44 
 
 Joseph, of London, eldest son 
 
 of the above William 29 Aug. 1767 45 
 
 Rice Watkiiis, tanner 1 Nov. 1646 70 
 
 Mary, first wife 26 Nov. 1622 — 
 
 Henry Watkins, maltster .... 22 Aug. 1670 — 
 
 Mary and Jane, daughters . . — 
 
 Jane, wife of Henry Watkins . 15 Oct. 1712 83 
 Thomas, son of John Pem- 
 
 bruge, grocer 21 Mar. 1681 — 
 
 John Campion, gent 9 Mar. 1688 76 
 
 Elbeata, his wife, daughter of 
 
 Major Richard Beard — 
 
 3 B Elbeata,
 
 370 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Profession. 
 
 Elbeata, their grandchild, dau. 
 of Giles Campion, by Anne 
 his wife, daugh. of Anthony 
 Hyett, of Minsterworth 
 
 Michael Cole, innholder 
 
 Catharine, his wife 
 
 James, their son 
 
 John Blizard, baker 
 
 Mary, bis wife 
 
 Several children, who died in- 
 fants 
 
 Jane Gythers, relict of William 
 Wall, of Worcester, baker. . 
 
 Catharine, wifeofWilliam Wall, 
 carpenter 
 
 Anne, daughter of Richard Col- 
 ley, woollen-draper 
 
 Eleanor, his wife 
 
 Barbara, wife of Thomas Lud- 
 low, draper 
 
 Joseph, son of Thomas 
 
 Catharine, daughter 
 
 Mary, danghter 
 
 Sarah, daughter of Thos. Hale, 
 of Tewkesbury, gent, relict 
 
 of , wife of John 
 
 Gytheis, Alderman 
 
 John Till, of London, gent, 
 born here 
 
 Anne, wife of Thomas Madocke, 
 sadler 
 
 Two Thomas's, their childien 
 
 Henry Curtis, chandler 
 
 Peter Haynes, grocer 
 
 Elizabeth, only wife of Peter 
 Haynes, sen 
 
 Susanna, wife of Peter Haines 
 
 Catharine, wife of Wni. Haines, 
 baker 
 
 Bridget, wife of Daniel Collins, 
 mercer 
 
 Sarah, daughter of Henry Pri- 
 chards, mercer 
 
 On Gravestones in the 
 
 Middle Aisle. 
 
 John Heath, swordbearer .... 
 
 Benjamin, son of the above 
 
 John and Eleanor Heath . . 
 
 Richard, William, and James, 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 1GS7 — 
 
 14 Feb. 1676 — 
 
 30 Jan. 1/28 71 
 28 Dee. 1757 90 
 
 8 Apr. 1C97 87 
 29 Apr. 1709 — 
 
 31 
 
 — Nov. 1709 85 
 
 26 Sept. 1701 32 
 
 27 July, 1694 inf 
 21 Dec. 1700 inf 
 
 2 Sept. 1725 30 
 
 — June, 1C80 38 
 
 S May, 1690 51 
 
 23 Oct. 1699 31 
 
 infs. 
 
 26 Aug. 1770 51 
 
 25 Oct. 1702 78 
 
 9 Sept. 1704 82 
 
 vi.AllS'ts,1736 — 
 
 12 July, 1643 — 
 
 1 Apr. 1C71 — 
 
 15 Oct. 1651 — 
 
 7 Sept. 1768 — 
 
 18 Aug. 1766 13 
 
 Name, Residence, aTid Date of Decease. Age. 
 Profession. 
 
 children of Richard Maish- 
 
 field, by Susanna his wife. . infs. 
 
 Richard Whitfield, gent 1668 — 
 
 Jarvis Hide, gunsmith 1 July, 1699 — 
 
 Isabel, his wife 15 Jan. 16*6 — 
 
 Jarvis, their son 19 Mar. 1659 — 
 
 Isabella Webley, widow, daugh- 
 ter of tiie above Jervis and 
 
 Isabel 12 Dec. 1716 47 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter of James 
 
 Hide 27 July, 1740 73 
 
 John Pitt, coachmaker 4 Jan. 1725 25 
 
 Elizabeth and Mary, children, 
 
 by Susanna his wife infs. 
 
 John Sextre, sen 8 Oct. 1718 70 
 
 Susanna, his daughter 28 Nov. 1694 17 
 
 John Sextre, jun 8 Apr. 1741 64 
 
 John, son 25 May, 1743 37 
 
 Susanna, daughter 28 Sept. 1731 inf. 
 
 , son of John Sextre 22 Dec. 1688 inf. 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter 17 May, inf. 
 
 Samuel Sextre 22 Apr. 1744 — 
 
 Thomas Rogers 4 Feb. 1728 78 
 
 Sarah, his wife 26 Mar. 1726 56 
 
 Priscilla, daughter, wife of 
 
 ThomasEckley, of Sandhurst 1 Dec. 1740 36 
 
 Anne, daught. of Tho. Rogers 26 Apr. 1767 58 
 Richard, son of Richard Hale, 
 
 tanner 17 Feb. 1546 inf. 
 
 North Aisle. 
 
 William Lander 10 Apr. 1744 62 
 
 Esther, his wife 3 Sept. 1754 74 
 
 Esther, daughter 16 Oct. 1722 16 
 
 Mary Lander 8 Mar. 1727 14 
 
 Sarah Lander 19 Jan. 1730 15 
 
 Jane Lan.ler U Nov. 1748 30 
 
 Edward Browne, of Jackfield 
 in Brosley, CO. Salop, timber- 
 merchant 27 Mar. 1763 65 
 
 Hannah, wife of Francis Reeve 2 Mar. 1676 — 
 
 Richard Buckle, baker 9 Mar. 1724 62 
 
 Margaret, his wife 9 Nov. 1742 87 
 
 Samuel Buckle, feltmaker ... 3 Nov. 1765 61 
 Margaret, wife of Charles 
 
 Bloxam, maltster 29 May, 1715 51 
 
 John, son of Nicholas Phelps, 
 
 brewer 1 1 Jan. 1642 — 
 
 Nicholas, ditto 19 Sept. 1643 — 
 
 Wdliam, ditto 25 Oct. 1644 — 
 
 Jane,
 
 ST. NICHOLAS. — EPITAPHS. 
 
 371 
 
 Name, Residence, aiid Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Jane, daut^hter of ditto 15 July, 1645 — 
 
 Tliomas, son of Thomas Walls 30 Jan. 16/5 — 
 
 Thomas, another son ....... . 9 Dec. 1677 — 
 
 Anne, wife of Richard Webb. . 26 July, 1765 38 
 
 Richard I'rice, pewterer 23 Apr. 16G3 — 
 
 Nicholas, his son 22 Oct. 1669 — 
 
 Under the Belfry. 
 
 Benjamin Roberts 23 May, 1766 38 
 
 Thomas Withenbury, carpenter 4 Nov. 1720 68 
 
 Sarah, his wife 2 Mar. 1730 84 
 
 James Bcloeze (a French Ad- 
 vocate) 19 Feb. 1708 68 
 
 William, son of William Cow- 
 
 cher, pin-maker 30 June, 17G9 26 
 
 Siirah, wife of Edmund George, 
 
 maltster 14 Jan. 1766 60 
 
 Richard Roberts, carpenter . . 20 Dec. 1744 57 
 
 Benjamin Roberts 23 May, 1766 38 
 
 Joshua Bretherton 14 Feb. 1741 72 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife 21 Aug. 1741 61 
 
 Mary, their daughter 8 Sept. 174I 23 
 
 Jeremiah Bretherton, maltster 21 Sept. 1755 52 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife 25 Apr. 1745 38 
 
 Mary, wife of Richard Perring, 
 
 wool-stapler 6 Sept. 1767 42 
 
 Nathaniel, son of Richard and 
 
 Mary Perring 8 Feb. 1752 4 
 
 William Randal 5 Mar. 1684 — 
 
 Richard Quench — Dec. I7O8 55 
 
 Walter Miles, baker — Feb. I717 51 
 
 Walter Miles, jun. baker ... . H Apr. 1728 27 
 Sarah, his relict, and wife of 
 
 John Harris 12 June, 1751 51 
 
 Elizabeth,wife of Walter Miles, 
 
 [sen.] baker 27 Sept. 1721 72 
 
 James, son of Walter, by Sarah 
 
 his wife 26 Aug. 1751 8 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of John Chap- 
 man, flax-dresser 8 Dec. 1*69 80 
 
 Anne, wife of Richard Raw- 
 lings, owner 26 Nov. 1767 49 
 
 John Kent, joiner 10 Mar. 1*21 21 
 
 Samuel, son of John Kent and 
 
 Elizabeth his wife 27 Nov. I7I8 — 
 
 Samuel Kent, joyner 27 Nov. 1 7 1 7 50 
 
 Jane, his wife 3 Dec. 1*17 47 
 
 Anne, their daughter — Dec. 171H 19 
 
 Daniel Townsend 7 Aug. 17."8 56 
 
 Joseph Smart, blacksmith 28 Mar. 1717 8.^ 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 Profession. 
 
 Hesther, his wife 20 June, 1719 — 
 
 Mary Shillern, widow 23 Jan. 1724 58 
 
 Anne, wife of Joseph ShiUern 27 Apr. 1743 34 
 
 Joseph, Elizabeth, and James, 
 
 their children infs. 
 
 Judith, wife of James 
 
 daughter of Says, of 
 
 Webley, co. Hereford, gent. 28 
 
 Paul Porter, maltster 30 June, I707 39^ 
 
 Anne, his relict 29 Apr. 1712 53 
 
 William Farley.mariner 3 Apr. 1754 73 
 
 Mary Cox 25 Nov. 1741 31 
 
 Richard Rawlings, owner. .. . 5 Feb. 1*54 34 
 Margaret, daughter of Henry 
 
 Hane, of Reurdean, gent, by 
 
 Elizabeth his wife 31 Aug. 1737 inf. 
 
 Margaret, wife of the above 
 
 William Farley 29 Sept. 1761 h6 
 
 Anne, relict of John Gwillim, 
 
 tanner 16 Nov. 1693 95 
 
 Edward Baylis, woolcomber. . 27 Feb. 1737 70 
 
 Hesther, his wife 6 May, 1744 58 
 
 Martha Hayward, their daugh. 22 Mar. 1746 20 
 Mary, relict of Edward Mat- 
 thews, of St. George's, South- 
 
 wark, daughter of William 
 
 C'owchor, of Gloucester. ... 4 June, 1709 56 
 
 Church-yard. 
 
 Thomas Bonnor, grocer .... II July, 1746 36 
 
 Sarah, his wife 24 Mar. 1766 ,59 
 
 George, their son IS Feb. 1763 19 
 
 Betty,their daughter 4 M.ir. 1764 22 
 
 Edmund Cart Wright, jun.. . . 1689 — 
 
 William Menet 16S1 55 
 
 Jone Stanter, relict of William 
 
 Merret • 16S8 70 
 
 Robert Crump, maltster .... 4 June, 1743 59 
 Anne, wife of Edmund George, 
 
 maltster 27 July, 1*46 27 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Rob. Crump 13 Oct. 1766 62 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Robert 
 
 Mutlow 1*26 inf. 
 
 John, son of Thomas Mowei-, 
 
 chirurgeon 13 Aug. 1688 3 
 
 William Moore, butcher 30 Jan. 1728 63 
 
 Jane, his wife 31 Dec. 1732 62 
 
 Sarah, wife of John Wadley, 
 
 baker 17 Sept. 1745 65 
 
 Thomas Wadley 5 Dec. 1756 81 
 
 William
 
 372 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 Profession. 
 
 William Broughton, farrier . . 5 June, 1758 5? 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife 4 May, 1761 63 
 
 Charles Broughton, son of 
 Christopher Cooke and Eli- 
 zabeth his wife, widow of 
 Thomas Acreeman, and dau. 
 
 of the said Wm. Broughton 6 July, 1761 inf. 
 
 William Stephens, sen. weaver 2*2 Oct. 1762 77 
 
 Mary, his wife 25 July, 1741 66 
 
 William, their son 26 Dec. 1752 40 
 
 Tliomas, their son 16 Oct. 1761 45 
 
 Elizabeth Frcani 1 Jan. 1761 65 
 
 .Ann Fream 15 Sept. 1763 64 
 
 James Maishfield, fisherman. . 23 Dec. 1742 63 
 
 Alice, his wife 22 May, 1766 81 
 
 Pater and William, sons — 
 
 James Maishfield, of London, 
 
 fishmonger 29 Oct. 1752 44 
 
 Dorothy, wife of William 
 
 Middleton, maltster 21 Apr, 1761 4f» 
 
 Mary and Elizabeth, daughters, died infants. 
 
 Nath. Saunders, parish clerk . 2.') Aug. 1754 57 
 
 Joan his wife 24 June, 1761 84 
 
 Nathaniel, son 23 Sept. 1741 24 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Thos. Long, 
 
 currier 30 Mar. 1770 36 
 
 Kitty their daughter 2 Jan. 1770 
 
 Henry Nelme, cooper 23 Sept. 1762 49 
 
 Mary his wife 8 Feb. 1765 50 
 
 Joseph Cother, cordwainer .. 21 May, 1740 52 
 
 Mary, wife of William Lodge . 14 Apr. 1774 50 
 
 Richard Kersy 14 Feb. 1736 54 
 
 Elizabeth his daughter 26 Oct. 1741 24 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel 
 
 Cooke died infants. 
 
 Daniel Randall, joyner 13 May, 1719 SO 
 
 Anne his wife 2 Nov. 17 10 
 
 James Withenbury, carpenter . S Apr. 1701 84 
 
 Sarah his relict 16 Apr. 1704 82 
 
 Anthony Mutlow, taylor 19 Dec. 1749 53 
 
 Ann his wife 21 Apr. 1749 55 
 
 Ann their daughter 12 Dec. 1752 18 
 
 Mary, dau. of Thomas Bright, 
 
 barber, by Hannah his wife 3 June, 1768 2S 
 
 Thomas Watts 22 Aug. 1740 36 
 
 Richard Pearce, innholder . . 29 May, 1751 60 
 Hesther, daughter of Christo- 
 pher Hayes, late wife of Ri- 
 chard Pearce '25 June, 1733 47 
 
 Elizabeth, second wife 28 June, 1747 49 
 
 Name, Residence, and Date of Decease. Age. 
 Profession. 
 
 Mary Ayerigg 25 Oct. 1767 55 
 
 George Harrison, owner 29 May, 1/35 55 
 
 George Chester, baker 6 Mar. 1709 53 
 
 Hesther his wife 3 June, 80 
 
 John Acock, painter 22 Apr. 1743 63 
 
 Jane his wife 18 Nov. 1749 57 
 
 James Morgan, victualler .... 22 May, 1748 82 
 
 Mary, wife of Edward Baylis, 
 
 woolitapler 20 June, 1714 40 
 
 John Luther, butclier 7 .Apr. 1712 42 
 
 Elizabeth his wife 13 May, 1714 37 
 
 Sarah, wife of John Bishop . . 24 May, 1719 34 
 
 On Headstones. 
 
 Thomas Jelfe, baker 11 Sept. 1659 
 
 Elizabeth his relict 22 July, 1677 
 
 Thomas Jelfe, jun. baker 18 Aug. 1729 78 
 
 Elizabeth his wife 24 Dec. 1742 81 
 
 John Wells, cordwainer 31 Oct. 1665 38 
 
 Sarah liis relict 1 Apr. 169r> 65 
 
 Anne, wife of William Dixwell 12 Nov. 1667 25 
 
 John U'intle, sen. cordwainer . 15 Mar. 1682 
 
 Edward Elliotts, glassmaker. . 19 Nov. 1685 
 
 Sarah, Wife of John Lugg ... 7 July, 16S8 
 
 Jasper Lugg, tanner 17 Dec. 1691 72 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Fran. Oatly, 
 
 daughter of John Hay ward, 
 
 buried 1 Oct. 1691 - 
 
 Daniel Washbourne 19 Jan. 170i SS 
 
 Anthony Suffield 5 Apr. 1696 53 
 
 Hester his wife 21 Dec. 1704 60 
 
 Wm.Sizemore, barber-surgeon 19 June, 1706 
 
 Eleanor his wife 18 July, 1705 
 
 John Matthews, jun 17 Apr. 170C 26 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of William 
 
 Ward, blacksmith 17 May, I7O6 54 
 
 John, son of Eliz. and Wm. 
 
 aforesaid 20 June, 1762 78 
 
 Thomas Matthews, baker .... 11 Dec. 1705 
 
 Margaret his wife 6 Aug. 1707 
 
 William Smith, joiner 27 Sept. 1728 6" 
 
 Anne, wife of Tobias Gunda- 
 
 niore Taylor 27 May, 1709 
 
 John Carter, cordwainer .... 11 Mar. 170|^ 
 
 Thomas Browne, cordwainer. . 11 May, I7O6 37 
 
 Joan his wife 11 Oct. 1740 75 
 
 Thomas Harrison, hatmaker. . 12 Apr. 17 13 
 
 Elizabeth his wife 31 Aug. 1*10 40 
 
 Daniel Carter, barber-surgeon 28 Mar. 1758 50 
 
 Owner William Lewb 22 Aug. 1709 61 
 
 Anne.
 
 ST. NICHOLAS.— EPITAPHS. 
 
 373 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Prolession. 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 .\nne, wife of James Bradley, 
 
 glassmaker 
 
 Anne Lewin 
 
 Eliza, relict of Tho. Hammond 
 
 Phillip Lowd, maltster 
 
 Samuel Ham 
 
 John Thompson 
 
 Huniphrey Heard, butcher . . . 
 Mary, wife of 'I'ho. Bretherton 
 
 Mary Ozwin 
 
 Henry Harris 
 
 Anne his wife 
 
 Anne, wife of John AUanson. . 
 Richard Barnfield, blacksmith 
 
 Anne his wife 
 
 Elizabeth Walker, their daugh. 
 
 William Benson 
 
 Mary his wife 
 
 Thomas Bond, baker, buried. . 
 
 John Wadley, baker 
 
 Eliza, second wife of John 
 
 \VadIey 
 
 Mary, wife of Richard Wadley 
 
 John Wadley, jun. baker .... 
 
 Michael Jennings, butcher . . 
 
 Abigail his wife 
 
 Thomas Bone, victualler .... 
 
 Elizabeth Turner 
 
 Hester, wife of Nath. Hardwick 
 
 Joseph Stephens 
 
 Eleanor his wife 
 
 Jerem. Bretherton, cordwaiiicr 
 
 James Bretherton, cordwaincr 
 
 .Mice, fourth wife of James 
 Bretherton 
 
 Marion, wife of Jer. Bretherton 
 
 Susanna, wife of William Bar- 
 nard, maltster 
 
 Martha, wife of James Wadley 
 
 William Seale, victualler .... 
 
 Elizabeth his wife 
 
 Richard Reeve, innholder. . . . 
 
 .\nne liis wife 
 
 Mary their daughter 
 
 Eliza, wife of Rich. Reeve the 
 younger 
 
 William Wood, butcher 
 
 Samuel Jennings, butcher. . . . 
 
 19 May, 
 \7 Apr. 
 25 June, 
 17 Dec. 
 22 July, 
 
 9 A]"-. 
 •i2 Dec. 
 
 8 Feb. 
 29 Sept. 
 19 Sept. 
 19 Nov. 
 
 19 Apr. 
 15 Apr. 
 
 S Feb. 
 
 20 Nov. 
 50 Aug. 
 25 Feb. 
 15 Aug. 
 31 May, 
 
 1/05 
 1710 
 1713 
 1711 
 1G99 
 171- 
 171(i 
 
 1727 
 1727 
 1725 
 1728 
 1729 
 1745 
 1744 
 1728 
 1729 
 1729 
 172S 
 
 54 
 
 C2 
 
 CO 
 
 31 
 
 69 
 
 74 
 
 25 
 
 60 
 
 48 
 
 36 
 
 70 
 
 52 
 
 72 
 
 30 
 
 78 
 
 73 
 
 29 
 
 44 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Profession. 
 
 Date of Df cease. Age, 
 
 6 May, 
 
 1731 
 
 72 
 
 18 Dec. 
 
 1746 
 
 63 
 
 23 Oct. 
 
 1733 
 
 24 
 
 C July, 
 
 1738 
 
 76 
 
 12 July, 
 
 1726 
 
 67 
 
 26 Feb. 
 
 1719 
 
 39 
 
 20 Dec. 
 
 1730 
 
 
 14 Oct. 
 
 1737 
 
 52 
 
 26 Oct. 
 
 1730 
 
 50 
 
 2 Feb. 
 
 1766 
 
 87 
 
 23 Jan. 
 
 1738 
 
 75 
 
 15 June 
 
 . 1757 
 
 57 
 
 15 Aug. 1764 56 
 13 Jan. 1750 74 
 
 4 Nov. 
 
 1732 
 
 56 
 
 16 July, 
 
 1739 
 
 24 
 
 26 Oct. 
 
 1741 
 
 59 
 
 24 Aug. 
 
 1738 
 
 68 
 
 14 Apr. 
 
 1737 
 
 59 
 
 2 Jan. 
 
 1747 
 
 66 
 
 2 Apr. 
 
 1747 
 
 37 
 
 6 Nov. 
 
 1749 
 
 37 
 
 21 Feb. 
 
 1741 
 
 28 
 
 25 Sept. 
 
 1747 
 
 53 
 
 Mary his wife 15 Sept. 1 768 
 
 Nicholas Nelmes, innholder. . 17 June, 174S 
 
 Margaret his wife 1 May, 1756 
 
 Sarah, wife of 1> icholas Nelmes 
 
 .'\nne, wife of Thomas Cullis 
 Robert .'\rnold, waggoner. . . 
 
 20 Dec. 1746 
 29 June, 1740 
 
 Joseph Hill, glassmaker 24 Feb. 1741 
 
 SamuelCumberson,ofBroseley 4 Nov. 1*46 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of James Nott 13 Oct. 1748 
 
 Margaret, wife of Rob. Arnold 10 May, 1761 
 
 Thomas Hayes 8 May, 1743 
 
 John Hayford, joiner 24 July, 1741 
 
 Jonathan Williams, owner .. . 13 Nov. 1743 
 
 Christopher Hill 1 Sept. 1745 
 
 Isabella his relict, late wife of 
 
 William Harris l-'^ Apr. 1751 
 
 John Way, butcher 29 Nov. 1751 
 
 Annehis'wife 9 Feb. 1766 
 
 Edward Jones 26 Feb. 1754 
 
 Anne his wife 21 Dec. 1762 
 
 Hannah, wife of Tho. Multon, 
 
 taylor 17 Jan. 1752 
 
 Robert Ladbroke, innholder. . 30 June, 1756 
 
 John Jones, cooper 28 Aug. 1749 
 
 Anne, relict of Thomas Huffe 29 Jan. 1735 
 
 Thomas Stroud, yeoman .... 20 June, 1752 
 Mary, wife of Thomas Wood, 
 
 carpenter 2 July, 17 58 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Giles 
 
 Browning 31 July, 1759 
 
 Henry Draper, blacksmith 14 Mar. 17 — 
 
 Frances, wife of Joseph Beard 19 Dec. 1761 
 
 Joseph (iodwiii, grazier 20 May, 1761 
 
 Benjamin Rider, farrier 11 Sept. 1761 
 
 Mary, wife of William Crump . 8 Aug. 1762 
 
 ThomasBubb , 26 Dec. 1763 
 
 Michael Jennings, nephew to 
 
 Michael 29 Sept. 1764 31 
 
 Anne, wife of John Osborne, 
 
 carpenter 21 May, 1763 5 1 
 
 Edwaid Bretherton, cooper . . 21 Feb. 1765 24 
 
 John Webb, baker 20 Jan. 1767 79 
 
 Sarah his daughter 18 Mar. 1758 3.i 
 
 John Greenhalf 2 Oct. 1767 54 
 
 Elizabeth wife of Rd.Ashworth 4 Nov. 1767 6;; 
 
 Thomas Drew, baker 24 Sept. 1769 66 
 
 Sarah his wife 15 June, 1766 5-1 
 
 Sarah their daughter 22 Apr. 1755 'it 
 
 68 
 71 
 65 
 
 ■iOr 
 47 
 79 
 
 56 
 50 
 68 
 
 53 
 48 
 
 72 
 45 
 
 50 
 58 
 73 
 60 
 68 
 
 40 
 36 
 54 
 76 
 71 
 
 26 
 
 28 
 53 
 52 
 70 
 52 
 46 
 36 
 
 Sl\
 
 374 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 ST. OWEN'S. 
 
 IT was ever deemed politick by the Barons to prevent free ingress to Castles ; ami 
 even the Chapel was limited to the family, mass for the household being said in the 
 hall. As therefore the inhabitants in the vicinity of the Castle could not be permitted 
 to attend divine worship within its walls, because subjecting the fortress to surprize, 
 Walter, Constable of (iloucester, founded this parochial Church, and annexed to it the 
 Castle-Chapel, together with that of St. Kyneburgh', probably the preceding place of 
 worship for the inhabitants of the district, but too small and inconvenient. As this 
 is a subject by no means familiar, it may be interesting to show the discriminations 
 concerning divine service made by Nobles, between themselves and their households, 
 because it is presumed, that to this circumstance the foundation of this parish, in part, 
 owed its origin. The first is the mode of living prescribed for Prince Edward, son of 
 Edward IV. 
 
 " Mattins said in the Prince's presence, as soon as he was up — Masse afterwards in 
 the Chapel or closet — Sermons upon the principal feasts and preaching days — Break- 
 fast immediately after masse — such noble storyes as behoveth a Prince to understande 
 read to him during dinner : after dinner, study — even song — supjrer — recreation — 
 bed at 8 o'clock." ^ 
 
 " Masse in the Hall for the officers of householde, 6" a. m. — Mattins in Chapel, ~. — 
 First dinner of the household 10 o'clock — supper 4. — Dinner on fasting duyes 11.'' 
 
 In the Constitutions of the House it is said, " If any man come to late to mattyns 
 upon the hollyday {sic, whence our pronunciation of holy day, hollydayj, that is to 
 say, after the thirde lesson, he shall sytt at the water-boarde, and have nothing unto 
 his dyner but breade and water; the same upon wilful absence." <= 
 
 " Also that every man at tyme of Easter, bringe sufficient wrytinge or witnesse, 
 where he was shryven (confessed), and where he receaved the holy sacrament, in payne 
 of losinge his service.""* Matters of religion in those days were also matters of law. 
 Of the absurdity of the principle there can be no dispute ; but there is sound political 
 wisdom in subjecting to disgrace, or the repute of inferior character, negligents of 
 religion, because they are evidently persons of sensuality or worldliness, having no high 
 motive of conduct : if of abstract habits, selfish. 
 
 The Orders and Rules nf the Princess Cecily, mother of Edward IP\ — " She rose 
 at seven — ■ mattyns of the day, and matfyns of our Lady. — When fullye readye, a 
 low masse in her chamber — after masse, somethinoe to recreate nature — then divine 
 spriice, and tivo low masses in the chapel — then dinner ; during the time whereof 
 she hath a lecture of holy matter, either ' Hilton of Contemplative and Active Life,' 
 
 » MSS. Furney in Bibl. Bodl. b Ordinances of Royal Households, •'28". « Id. *32. d Id. *33. 
 
 ' Buona-
 
 ST. OWEN'S. 37r> 
 
 ' Biionaventura tie Infancia,' •Salvatoris Legenda Aurea,' 'St. Maude,' ' St. Katherine 
 of Songs,' or the ' Revelation of St. Bridget.' — After dinner audience of persons on 
 business for the space of an hour. — Sleep | of an hour; then prayer till the jft.rst 
 peale of even-songe; then drinking wine or ale — both even-songs by her Chaplain ; — 
 then even-song by note m the chappel ; — then supper, ' when she recytcth the lecture 
 that was had at dinner to those that be in her jiresence.' After supper she disposeth 
 herselfe to be famyliare with her gentlewomen, to the occasion of honest myrthe ; a 
 cuppe of wyne one houre before goinge to bed — taketh leave of God for all night iu 
 her privie closet, and at eight of the clocke is in bed." • The modern active business- 
 habits of Englishmen (for their pleasures are even conducted in a business, not a lazy, 
 indifferent form), would never endure such domcstick confinement as these habits 
 
 imply- 
 
 From this view of the private life of persons of rank, in the middle age, people will 
 
 easily see that religious duties were too general, and frequent, for permission to infringe 
 the duties of a garrison ; in fact a castle with a church must have been as open as an 
 exchange or market-place, especially as the church was the rendezvous for all business, 
 as it is now for vestry affairs in the country. In the porch all law business was trans- 
 acted, and in the nave all commercial transactions, whilst the priest was singing mass 
 in the choir. Under the habits of the times, the foundation of a Church was, there- 
 fore, as indispensable as that of a Bridge. When not one in fifty could read and write, 
 when agreements were witnessed by parole evidence in the Hundred Courts and 
 Church-porches, and all public meetings held in the Cliurch, and rents ])aid there 
 every quarter', it is not surprizing that Walter should found a Church as well as a 
 Castle, from the principles only of necessity as well as accommodation. The foundation 
 of this Church, as well as the endowment, present equally strong allusions to the habits 
 of our ancestors. First it was founded by Walter, Constable (Count or Earl of (Jlou- 
 cester), with two prebends, and other adjuncts. Now in the " Black Book of King 
 Edward IV." is this passage: " This Lord (a Count of the Courte), may give deane- 
 ryes, prebendes, free-chapelles, corrodies, or elles he is founder of some chanons, 
 monks, or friers singers; thus he may rayse a chapcll by help of yomen and howsholde 
 children, which after they may not serve in chappell, shall serve in housholde, or ellcs 
 be preferred by the Lorde." s This extract speaks volumes in illustration of our an- 
 cient foundations by Noblemen. It was a privilege of royalty conferred upon Nobles 
 filling offices under the Crown." 
 
 The allusion res])ecting the endowment, does not concern the usual donation of 
 tythes, but of the offerings ; now matters of no consequence, but formerly thought 
 otherwise, alms being anciently deemed the expiations of sins, but afterwards dimi- 
 nished by the papal grants of indulgences instead. The founder adds the Offerings of 
 the Castle-chapel, under conditions mentioned below. 'I'hese were no triHes in those 
 days. 
 
 • Ordinances of Royal Households, *37. ' British Monachisin. K Id. p. 23. 
 
 " The
 
 376 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 " The Offer'mg-days were Christmas-day, Easter-day, Dedication of the Church, 
 and All Saints, when every adult from 14 years old, was to honour his Parish Church 
 with his offering''. In the first place the King gave rings, supposed capable of curing 
 diseases, from these qualities being annexed to gems, or from being made under astro- 
 logical processes'. The Black Book of the Houshold of King Edward IV. says, 
 " Item, to the King's offerings to the Crosse on Good Fridaye, out from the countyng 
 house, for medyclnahle rings of gold and silver."'' It was also a positive constitution 
 for the officers " not to withdraw any service, or elles to hurt or lyttell the almesse of 
 halle or chambre."^ This last passage is merely of civil application, applying to con- 
 version of orts into perquisites and matters of sale; and the next is quoted to show, 
 that they were not to interfere with religious offerings. " Deane of' the Chapell. 
 Item, he hath all the offerings of wax that is made in the King's Chappell on Candyl- 
 masse-day, with the moderate fees of the ica/^e" in the festes of the yere, when the 
 tapers be consumed into a shaft-mount." " It is needless to quote more passages, be- 
 cause no person is ignorant of offerings in general made to churches and shrines. These 
 are specimens, the one of singular allusion, like touching for the Evil ; the other of an 
 extension to theperquisitesof servants, candle-ends, &c. The endowment is given below". 
 
 h Lewis's Tlianet, Gloss, p. ] 10. i See British Monachism. ^ P. 93. ' Id. p. 46. 
 
 ™ " Tiie top-beam of the Great Hall was a frequent toast, whenever the health of the master of the house 
 was drank." — Pennant's Whiteford, p. 5. Perhaps, therefore, the passage refers to the donations or extra- 
 ordinary illuminations of the High Table. " See British Monachism, p. 49. 
 
 o St. Owen's stood on the West-side a little without the South Gate, and was a low tower'd Church, burnt 
 down by the citizens with the rest of the suburbs at the siege, after the messengers had given their answers 
 to the King, 10 Aug. 1643. Walter Constable of Glocester founded a Church here, and it was dedicated, 
 and by Episcopal Authority made Parochial. Earl Milo in 1137 gave it, and its appurtenances, to Lanthony 
 Priory, upon the same day and hour as the Church of that Priory was dedicated. And these appurtenances 
 were the Chappel next (or within) the Castle, a small piece of land upon Severn Bank for the light of the 
 Chapel ; all the offerings of the Keepers of the Tower and of the Castle, and of the Barons residing therein, 
 half the oblations of himself and family, if his Chaplain was present, and the whole, if absent ; St. Kyne- 
 burgh's Chapel, and the whole Parochial Land of the Constable within the South Gate, the Parish without 
 the same, and all the land which Roger de Trochelem, [Trokeham and Cokeham Dugd. Monast. II. F.] 
 aird Richard the Chaplain did possess within and without the Gate also. 
 
 [In the next passages it is impossible to discriminate between this Church and the Priory of Lanthony, 
 though apparently confined to the latter, and the same indistinctness exists in the Monasticon.] 
 
 When Walter de Cantelupe was Bishop of Worcester, the value of the several particulars belonging to 
 this Vicarage, was as follows : 
 
 St. Owen's — Alterage, small tythes, and other obventions, 31. 13s. 4rf. 
 
 Hechampsled, Hempsled — Alterage, &c. GOs., and other tythes, 21s., i. e. 41. Is. 
 
 Quedresse or Quedgley — Alterage, small tythes, and other obventions, 4 marks, and tythes of other 
 lands, 5s. 9d. ; in all 2/. 19$. Id. 
 
 Elmore — Small tythes, aud other obventions, 5 marks ; other tythes, 6s. 7d. ; tythes of villainage, 20». ; 
 in all 4/. 13s. 3(/. 
 
 So that one Vill and three contiguous Churches were served for 15/. 6s. 8d., which the Bishop ratified at 
 the appointment of the Vicarage. 
 
 Upon complaint of the Vicar, that his benefice was too small, and that if residence was required, Lan- 
 thony Priory, according to agreement, ought to build him a habitacle, it was agreed that the Vicar should 
 have six marks of silver, three and a half of which to be expended in building a house at Hempsted for the 
 uie of the Vicarage. — MSS. Furney in Bibl. Bodl. torn. II. fol. 355. 
 
 By
 
 ST. OWEN'S. 
 
 377 
 
 By an Ordinance of Parliament in 1646, the Parish was united to St. Mary de 
 Crypt; but that being null, it remains separate. The Rector of St. Mary continues to 
 officiate as Curate. In I74O the living was augmented by Queen Anne's Bounty. 
 
 The Church stood on (or near) the place whereon a new Meeting was erected in 
 1730. The four grounds on the West side are still called by the name of St. Owen's 
 Close. In this Church Lanthony Priory held their Halimot Court. It had a Chantry 
 of St. Mary; a Gild dedicated to St. John the Baptist; an altar to St. Catharine; and 
 the rood-light P. The Gild was not the only one dedicated to St. John the Baptist in 
 this City, and as he was the presumed author of Hermit Institutions, and the Prior of 
 St. Bartholomew's wore a Hermit's gown, it is possible that the members of this Gild 
 also lived in a Collegiate fashion, like those of Brethren Hall, and used the costume of 
 Hermits. It is noticeable from the extract below, that only three marks and a half 
 were allotted to the Vicar for building a habitaciilum, or [parsonage] liousicle. From 
 the trifling sum he could have no more than such a hovel as that of the Rector of 
 Bicknor in Kent, viz. a shed built against the North side of the Church, with a room 
 projecting nearly across the Isle, and under the same roof 1. It is probable that many 
 of our earliest clerical residences were at first no better, as the Clergy were then bache- 
 lors : and two rooms might be deemed sufficient. 
 
 INCUMBENTS. — Patron 
 
 Temp. Hen. III. Philip de Berninton. 
 Temp. Hen. III. Robert de Froma. 
 Temp. Ed. I. William de Cheltenham. 
 1370. Michael Henry Dale, resigning, 
 1372. Nicholas Taylour. 
 1383. John Pope, resigning, 
 
 1383. Simon Parker, exchanging for 
 
 Painswick, 
 
 1384. Jeffrey Lutulworthe. 
 
 9 Hen. IV. Thomas Frensh, exchanging, 
 1416. Robert Pell. 
 
 .... William Brys, exchanging, 
 1420. Alexander Champion. 
 1435. John More. 
 
 .... Thomas Roberts, dying, 
 1493. Maurice Burtheram, dying, 
 1498. Nicholas ELLYSjOrlcLE, becoming 
 a regular Canon of St. Oswald's, 
 the King being here. 
 
 , the Abbey of Lanthony. 
 
 1513. Thomas Walker. 
 
 1540. Richard Rawlyns, alias Evans, 
 
 (as supposed.) 
 1552. WilliamNewport, a/«a« Vaughan, 
 
 deprived for marriage, 1554. 
 I5G2. Ralph Salmon, Curate of St. Al- 
 
 date's. 
 1580. Nicholas Pitt, alias Fayrere, 
 
 Curate of St. Aldate's. 
 1592. Christopher Green, Vicar of the 
 
 Holy Trinity, Curate. 
 161G. Thomas Elliots, Curate of St. 
 
 Mary de Crypt, occurs Curate. 
 1622. Robert Haverd, or Hawerd, Cu- 
 rate of St. Mary de Grace, occurs 
 
 Curate. 
 1628. William Hulett, Curate of St. 
 
 Mary de Cirace. 
 
 P MSS. Furney. 
 
 <I See it engraved in Hasted's Kent, V. 568. ed. 8vo. 
 
 3c 
 
 HOLY
 
 378 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 HOLY TRINITY. 
 
 THIS benefice was anciently a Rectory, but in I39I became a Vicarage appropriated 
 to St. Peter's Abbey, and was granted at the Dissolution to the Dean and Chapter. 
 By an Ordinance of Parliament in I648, this Parish was united to St. Nicholas, and 
 the Church granted to the Corporation, to be employed as an English School, to 
 which use it was applied accordingly. The seats, bells, &c. were removed to the 
 Chapel of St. Bartholomew's, Teynton, St. Nicholas, and other places. At the Resto- 
 ration the Parish again became distinct, but the Church was in so ruinous a state 
 that it was pulled down. There were Chantries, and a fraternity dedicated to Thomas 
 a Becket. A House in Gore Lane (now part of the endowment of the School and 
 Hospital at Cheltenham), was anciently called Trinity College, and therein all the 
 Priests of this Church used to reside. This custom is still preserved at Hereford, 
 where the Vicars Choral reside, as in a College, having a hall, chambers, &c. Castles 
 were inhabited in the same manner — like Inns of Court and French Hotels. Of the 
 decay and extinction of this fine little Church, mention has been before made under 
 "Ancient Gloucester." The beautiful Tower (says Archdeacon Furney) at the West 
 end does now remain an ornament to the City, and is employed for placing the 
 Publtck Bell, and beneath, a fair conduit was erected in 1701-1702. Bells were used 
 by the Classical ancients to call people together, according to Casaubon ■■, but their 
 bells were very small ; and Lubinus notes, that the Heathens were summoned to the 
 temples by pipes, horns, and trumpets '. Bells of the church kind did not come into 
 use here till the 7th century*. Ringing of bells upon a person's coming into a town, 
 was anciently a sign of dominion, and often stipulated by charter. To have alarm, or 
 town-bells [such as the one here] was a civic privilege, and all persons within the 
 district were bound to come at the summons". They were rung upon receiving news 
 of an intended sieged He went (says Froissart) to the Market-place, and caused the 
 bell to be rung, upon which all the inhabitants, men and women, assembled in the 
 Town-hall y; but the bell was sometimes superseded by sounding a trumpet in every 
 street '. These town-bells were also used for sivins: alarm of robberies, of fire, and 
 to call up artizans to work*. 
 
 This Church and that of St. Mary de Lode were used as prisons for the Welsh pri- 
 soners taken from Lord Herbert in the Civil War ''. 
 
 Richard Marwood, the last incumbent of this Church, has left behind him a curious 
 manuscript, now in the library of the Dean and Chapter. It consists of items of the 
 money he received from every parishioner, written in the form following: — 
 
 T In Sueton, Aug. c. 91. s Inven. p. 113. « Bingham's Antiq. I. 316. 
 
 li Diicznge V. Campana. ^ Froissart, 1.300. X lb. 11.224. 
 
 « Froissart, VIII. 1S8. <» Antiq. Vulgar. I. 16, 17, 18. Ed. Brand. •> MSS. Furney. 
 
 " Rec<»
 
 HOLY TRINITY. 
 
 379 
 
 " Rec^ of William Sandie, lodging at William Joaneses, a journeyman shoemaker, 
 for his handes this yeare, 1625, iic?." 
 
 Under the year 1629 a tithe-pig is valued at xii<^. •= 
 
 Under the article " Servantes which received the Holy Communion at Trinitie 
 1^37)" the offering of each is specified by name; and it appears that his emoluments 
 from the benefice chiefly consisted in small sums of this kind. This Manuscript may 
 be of use in determining the ancient claims of the Vicar. 
 
 Incumbents. Patrons. 
 
 Temp. Hen. III. William occurs 
 
 Rector. 
 .... Robert 
 
 Richard 
 
 1361. Richard Attemere, or^ 
 de la Mere, Canon of I 
 Hereford ; resigning, j 
 or being removed, J 
 
 6 Temp. Rich. II. Edmund") 
 Chedworth. J 
 
 .... Nich, Moryn, Rector, \ 
 resigning, J 
 
 1378. John Erchebaud (be-^ 
 fore Rector of Aven- > 
 ing), resigning, J 
 
 1391. Walter Froucester, last l 
 Rector. J 
 
 The King. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 jifter the Impropriation. 
 
 1454. Richard Fulyan. Do. 
 
 .... Robert CofF, resigning. Do. 
 
 r Abbey of 
 1500. Wm. Newman, dying, < Glou- 
 
 {. cester. 
 
 Do. 
 
 1520. Maurice Westbury, re 
 signing, 
 
 1522. Richard Casewell, re- 
 signing, 
 
 1528. John Lucas, resigning^ 
 Arlingham ; upon his > 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 death, 
 
 Incumbents. Patrons. 
 
 1534. Wil!iamNeleson,M.A.^ Abbey of 
 aftervvardsRectorofSt. > Glouces- 
 Michael's, resigning, J ter. 
 1537- John Williams, Chan-"j 
 celior. Prebendary, > 
 &c. J 
 
 155^- John Henbury, occurs") 
 Curate, (some time I 
 Curate of St. Nicho- ( 
 las, All Saints, &c.) J 
 Thomas Sebroke occurs ^ 
 Curate, (some time > 
 Curate of All Saints.) J 
 John Henbury, again. 
 Richard Davis. 
 
 /Dean and 
 Chapter of 
 
 1556. 
 
 155S. 
 1559. 
 
 1562. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Jas. Spencer, resigning, 
 Francis Pearson, Usher ") 
 of the College School. J 
 Edward Cross, or Gross 
 
 1570. 
 1573- 
 
 1578. 
 
 (uponPearson'sdeath.) 
 
 I5S0. Cliurch vacant. 
 
 1590. Christopher Greene, 
 (CurateofSt.Owen 
 occurs Vicar; dying 
 
 1615. John Phelps, Curate of 
 St. Catherine's, one of 
 the Minor Canons ; 
 dying, 
 
 1617. Richard Marwood, Mi-') 
 nor Canon, — the last K 
 Incumbent. J 
 
 } 
 
 e, -) 
 
 n's,) \ 
 
 Glouc. 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 * More extracts arc giren in other places. 
 
 DISSENTING
 
 380 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 DISSExNTlNG MEETING-HOUSES. 
 
 EVERY Antiquary or Man of Taste must regret the utter want of architectural 
 ornament in modern churches, and the buildings under consideration. They are mere 
 barns, or riding-houses, distinguished only by large arched windows (no mullions), 
 with or without pepper-boxes, or chimney-shaped towers, at one end. All the ancient 
 ideas of effect, as connected with places of worship, are injudiciously disregarded. 
 The old opinion was, that no splendour would be thrown away upon places of wor- 
 ship, because demonstrative of the glory of God ; but our moderns seem to think, with 
 the man who gave a turnip to Louis XV., that taste or rectified judgment has no 
 concern in such affairs. A Gothic arcade, large East window, elegantly mullioned? 
 stalls with a narrow aile, and galleries not projecting beyond the arcade, would com- 
 prise equal room with the miserable sheep-folds of pews and irregular galleries now 
 prevalent. 
 
 The present Meeting-Houses are, 
 
 Presbyterians, in the Lower South-gate Street; the Rev. Mr. Bishop, Minister. 
 With all the leading Charities of the city this gentleman's name is connected. 
 Unitarians, in Barton Street. 
 Methodists, Mr. Wesley's Connection, in the Lower North-gate Street. 
 
 Lady Huntingdon's Connection, in the Lower North-gate Street. 
 
 Baptists, in the New Inn Lane, the Rev. Mr. Flint, Minister. 
 Roman Catholics, Lower North-gate Street. 
 Jews' Synagogue, Lower South-gate Street. 
 Quakers, in Back-Hare Lane. 
 
 "Whitfield is then forgotten in his native place! He was born Dec. l6, 1714? 
 and also educated here. At the age of l8 he was entered of Pembroke College, Ox- 
 ford; at which University he joined the Society of the Wesleys. On June 20, I736, 
 Bishop Benson ordained him ; soon after which he took his first degree. He next 
 officiated at the Chapel of the Tower of London; and while here, received an invita- 
 tion from the Wesleys to join them in Georgia. Thither accordingly he went ; but 
 returning in 1739, took priest's orders from Bishop Benson. After this he was conti- 
 nually travelling backwards and forwards between England and America. He died in 
 Georgia, Sept. 30, 1770, aged 56."* 
 
 a Chalmers, vol. XXXI. p. 428, seq. 
 
 Dissenters'
 
 DISSENTING MEETING-HOUSES. — EPITAPHS. 
 
 381 
 
 Dissenters' Burial-ground, without the South Gate. 
 
 Here lyeth the body of Elizabeth the wife of Edward Baylis [Alderman] of this city, 
 who departed this life June the l6, I746, aged 24 years. Also Sarah their daughter, 
 who died I749, an infant. 
 
 EPITAPHS. 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Profession- 
 John Hooper, of Gloucester, 
 
 Gent 
 
 Sophia, daughter 
 
 Hannah (sister of John) 
 
 Frances, wife of John Harmar, 
 
 of Gloucester 
 
 Dorothy Chandler 
 
 Elizabeth Robins, her daughter 
 Edmunrl Parker, maltster. . . . 
 
 Sarah, his wife 
 
 Damaris, wife of Edward Cou- 
 
 cher, Gent 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of John Sum- 
 mers, maltster 
 
 Martin, William, Anne, their 
 
 children 
 
 Margaret, wife of John Perris, 
 
 butcher 
 
 Richard Perris, grandson of the 
 
 above John, of Lanthony. . 
 Joseph, son of the above John 
 
 Thomas Reale 
 
 Mary, his daughter, spinster . 
 
 Daniel Bryan, sen 
 
 Mary, daughter of Samuel and 
 
 Sarah Wintle 
 
 Elizabeth, anotlicr daughter. . 
 
 Elizabeth, Wall, widow 
 
 Thomas Shipton, of Bar .... 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 7 Dec. J 761 34 
 24 May, 1760 inf. 
 26 Dec. 1762 20 
 
 19 Oct. 1765 41 
 
 8 Feb. 1760 63 
 18 Jan. 1764 43 
 21 Sept. 1750 56 
 
 8 Sept. 1741 33 
 
 13 Apr. 
 
 1745 
 
 45 
 
 2 Jan. 
 
 1763 
 
 50 
 
 died 
 
 nfants. 
 
 
 10 May, 
 
 1727 
 
 35 
 
 8 Sept. 
 
 1759 
 
 4 
 
 14 Aug. 
 
 1-60 
 
 35 
 
 2G June 
 
 ,1745 
 
 83 
 
 5 May, 
 
 1770 
 
 66 
 
 12 Oct. 
 
 1726 
 
 73 
 
 15 May, 
 
 1743 
 
 11 
 
 1 Oct. 
 
 1743 
 
 8 
 
 11 Dec. 
 
 1700 
 
 , , 
 
 17 Apr. 
 
 17.. 
 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Profession. 
 
 Robert Watts 
 
 Mary, his wife 
 
 Gil. son of Robert 
 
 Hester, relict of Giles 
 
 Sarah Everard, widow 
 
 Mary, wife of Joseph Everard, 
 
 mercer 
 
 Sarah, wife of Jacob Lumbard 
 
 William Garn, sen 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife 
 
 Joseph and William, sons of 
 
 Matthew Garn 
 
 Anne, wife of Matthew Garn. . 
 William, Margaret, another 
 
 William, children of William 
 
 and Elizabeth Cox 
 
 John Middleton, maltster. . . . 
 
 Maiy, his wife 
 
 John, their son 
 
 Thomas Bingham, sen 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife 
 
 John, son of Thomas Bingham, 
 
 jun 
 
 Rev .Thomas Cole,Minister here 
 Rev.Thomas Cole, his son .... 
 Elizabeth, relict of Thomas 
 
 Cole, sen 
 
 Rev. William Tallamy, Minister 
 Mary, his mother 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 3 Feb. 1755 68 
 5 ,'\ug. 1733 70 
 
 15 Sept. 1745 57 
 
 20 Oct. 1734 78 
 
 1 Dec. 1739 40 
 29 Oct. J 732 36 
 
 2 July, 1750 73 
 1742 .. 
 
 died infants. 
 15 Apr. 1752 37 
 
 died infents. 
 
 2 Nov. 1750 54 
 
 9 July, 1745 43 
 
 29 Oct. 1755 82 
 
 16 May, 1736 63 
 
 29 Nov. 1734. inf. 
 
 5 Aug. 1742 64 
 
 19 Aug. 1747 31 
 
 .. Dec. 1747 62 
 
 8 Apr. 1765 30 
 
 20 Nov. 17G3 II 
 
 In the Dissenters' Burial-ground in Barton Street, Mr Dickinson, 3Iinister. 
 
 I. Here lyeth the body of Martha, the daughter of William Chandler, Gent, by 
 Elizabeth his wife, who died the 23d of July, I754, aged 25 years. Also the body of 
 Catharine wife of William Chandler, Gent, who departed this life 26 Nov. I725, aged 
 27 years. - 
 
 2. George Gwinnett, Gent, died 10 March, I733, agetl 73. Also Eli- 
 zabeth his wife, who died 10 Sept. I733, aged 68. 3. In memory of William 
 
 Cooke, Gent, of Painswick, in this county of Glocester, who dep this I . . . 
 
 March the 30, 1744, aged 80 years. 
 
 EPITAPHS.
 
 382 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 EPITAPHS. 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Profession. 
 
 William Ashmead, Gent 
 
 Mary, his wife 
 
 Henry, son 
 
 Martha, daughter 
 
 Sarah, wife of John Ashmeade, 
 
 mercer 
 
 ^^'^' . \ daughters 
 
 Elizabeth, ) ^ 
 
 Samuel Adey, of Bristol, iron- 
 monger 
 
 Joshua Gale, Gent 
 
 Thomas Hornidge 
 
 Joyce, his wife 
 
 Gilbert Pope, erected by Mary 
 his third wife 
 
 On Grave-ftonet. 
 
 Date of Decease. Age. 
 
 15 June, 1724 47 
 2S Mar. 1754 .. 
 21 Aug. 1723 inf. 
 19 Nov. 1747 22 
 
 6 May, 1743 57 
 r 29 May, I'll inf. 
 - 28 Aug. 1733 22 
 
 24 Nov. 1734 42 
 
 7 May, 1768 48 
 
 16 Nov. 1757 63 
 5 Jan. 1770 SO 
 
 14 Jan. 1727 87 
 
 Eleanor Matthews, of St. Mary 
 
 de Load Parish 24 Nov. 17U 
 
 Philip Allard Ward, son of Wil- 
 liam Ward, by Elizabeth his 
 wife 22 Sept. 1759 
 
 Edward Bleak 25 Jan. 1718 
 
 Catherine, his wife 23 Sept. 1723 
 
 Mary, wifeof Abraham Howille, 
 
 cordwainer 8 May, 1/26 
 
 Elizabeth, their daughter .... died an infant. 
 
 James Dalziel, of the county of 
 
 Galloway, Scotland 13 Aug. 1761 
 
 84 
 
 inf. 
 60 
 70 
 
 42 
 
 39 
 
 Name, Residence, and 
 Profession. 
 
 Mary, daughter of John Adey, 
 of Painswick, yeoman .... 
 
 Elizabeth, another daughter. . 
 
 Deborah Heald, spinster .... 
 
 Margaret, wife of Meshach 
 Charleton, hatter, [daughter 
 of Thomas Ashmead, of the 
 Moon, Cheltenham] 
 
 George Nelson (of the New 
 Inn) 
 
 Ricliard, son of Richard and 
 Anne Parker 
 
 Anne, wife of John Cook .... 
 
 Mary, wife of Jos. Brabent, of 
 Churcham 
 
 Mary, wife of William Houlton 
 
 Richard Houlton 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of William Bu- 
 chanan 
 
 The above William (inn- 
 holder) 
 
 George, their son 
 
 Hcniy Wintle, sen 
 
 Elizabeth, his wife 
 
 Joseph, son 
 
 James, son 
 
 Esther, wife of James Wintle . 
 
 William Still, maltster 
 
 Hannah, his wife 
 
 Also three of their children . . 
 
 Date of Decease. Age, 
 
 28 Mar. 
 
 1741 
 
 24 
 
 6 Nov. 
 
 1750 
 
 25 
 
 10 Mar. 
 
 1728 
 
 65 
 
 . . May, 
 
 6 Sept. 
 
 26 Feb. 
 
 12 Dec. 
 10 Oct. 
 
 7 Mar. 
 
 5 Nov. 
 23 Feb. 
 
 1727 24 
 
 1750 66 
 
 1720 inf. 
 
 1760 64 
 
 1719 55 
 
 1747 63 
 
 1747 86 
 
 1750 42 
 
 1723 52 
 
 27 Apr. 
 
 1737 
 
 75 
 
 28 Mar. 
 
 1734 
 
 62 
 
 24 June, 
 
 1731 
 
 27 
 
 26 July, 
 
 1763 
 
 56 
 
 2 Feb. 
 
 1768 
 
 49 
 
 9 Oct. 
 
 1755 
 
 83 
 
 11 May, 
 
 1737 
 
 58 
 
 POPULATION
 
 ( 383 ) 
 
 POPULATION OF THE CITY. 
 
 The Returns of the following Table are in the early periods much too inaccurate 
 for any conclusion to be formed with precision ; and the Parliamentary Returns also 
 vary in construction ; but as far as the Author can form a conjecture, the increase of 
 houses from 1562 has not been less than 700, nor of the number of inhabitants at the 
 lowest, 3000. Of course, if houses and families have increased, it is in manufacturing 
 towns a proof of prosperity, because masters will not hire if there is not a profit to be 
 gained by labour, nor workmen resort where there is not employ. 
 
 Archdeacon Furney gives various returns of Poll-tax, Land-tax, &c. which subse- 
 quent changes have rendered of no use. 
 
 From the number of Dissenters, Baptisms and Burials are no accurate tests. Ac- 
 cording, however, to the Parish Registers, the average of ten years is as follows: 
 Baptisms 256 — Burials 216 — Marriages 91. 
 
 A singular thing occurs in these returns. In general, marriages double in cheap 
 years — here the greatest number of weddings occurs in the dear and scarce year of 
 1802, via. 130. 
 
 VOW-
 
 384 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 
 a, 
 
 o 
 
 < 
 
 O 
 
 I— I 
 
 < 
 
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 O 
 
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 Furney's MSS. 
 Sir R. Atkins. 
 Furney's MSS. 
 Pari. Returns. 
 
 Do. 
 Furney's MSS. 
 Sir R. Atkins. 
 Furney's MSS. 
 Pari. Returns. 
 
 Do. 
 Furney's MSS. 
 Sir R. Atkins. 
 Furney's MSS. 
 Pari. Returns. 
 
 Do. 
 Furney's MSS. 
 Sir R. Atkins. 
 Furney's MSS. 
 Pari. Returns. 
 
 Do. 
 Furney's MSS. 
 With All Saints' 
 and .St. Owen's. 
 — SirR.Atkins. 
 Furney's MSS. 
 Pari. Returns. 
 
 Do. 
 Furney's MSS. 
 Sir R. Atkins. 
 Furney's MSS, 
 Pari. Return.', 
 
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 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
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 392 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Benefactions, not included in the above Returns, taken from Archdeacon Furneys 
 
 Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library. 
 
 St. Aldate — Sir Thomas Bell — no date — a House — for keeping the Church in repair. 
 
 St. Cathekine — Alderman Thomas Machen — no date — 24s. per annum — to twelve poor persons. 
 
 St. John Baptist — John Wyman — 1556 — a Tenement — for repair of the Church. 
 
 Hugh Ap-howell — 155S — two Tenements — for the use of the Parish. 
 
 Alderman Thomas Semys — 1602 — Rent of a Stable and Garden in 0.\body Lane — 
 
 for an annual sermon on the Sunday next after the Purification of the Blessed 
 
 Virgin (the Mayor, &c. attending) ; and for the poor. 
 .Alderman John Hayward — died June S, 1641 — 20/. — to ceil the Chancel. 
 Mr. Richard Keylock — no date — 3/. per annum — for prayers in the Church every 
 
 Wednesday morning. 
 Sir Thomas Rich gave eight pieces of gilt platCj and a considerable quantity of crimson 
 
 velvet, and linen, for the service of the Church. 
 
 St. Mary de Crift — Walter Pury — 1506 — 20s. ■per annum — 10s. per annum to the Church, 10s. to the 
 
 poor. 
 
 Mrs. (sic) Josias Randle — no date — hol. — no specific appropriation. 
 
 Mr. Daniel Lysons — no date — 11. — for a sermon on Good Friday and Holy 
 Thursday. 
 
 Alderman Robert Payne — no date — 6s. Srf. — for reading prayers on Candlemas- 
 day. 
 
 Mrs. Anne Pitt — 1739 — 10/. — for a sermon on Easter Monday. 
 
 St. Mary de Lode — No more than what is included in the Returns to Parliament. 
 
 St. Michael — ^L•. John Coustans — no date — 20s. per ann. — for repair of the highways, over and above 
 
 the 20s. to the poor. 
 
 Mr. John Brown — no date — 10/. for a sermon yearly on Good Friday. 
 
 Mr. Charles Trippct, Prebend of Sarum — no date — Interest of 200/. for prayers twice 
 
 every day in the Church. 
 
 Mr. William Drinkwalcr — 1615 — 2/. a year towards establishing a lecture sermon. 
 
 Mr. Francis Yate — no date — gave 200/. to be applied as Mr. Trippet's, before said. 
 
 Thomas Webb, Esq. 1 ,^,, . f _„, , 
 
 ' > 1734-< 50/. each. 
 Mrs. Mary Shail J i 
 
 Mrs. Sarah Marsdcn — 1727 — 10/. for a sermon yearly in the afternoon of the Sunday in 
 
 every Lent Assize. 
 
 Mr. Gil. Marsdcn — 1728 — 11/. 10s. for a sermon yearly in the afternoon of the Sunday in 
 
 every Summer Assize. 
 
 St. Nicholas — Alderman John Thorn — 1617 — 13s. id. per a/mum — for a Sermon on Ash Wednesday. 
 WilUam Window — no date — 20s. per annum — for a sermon on St. John's day. 
 Alderman John Woodward — no date — two Houses, for a term of years. 
 Mr. Thomas Withenbury — 1722 — a Piece of Garden-ground, to provide 40s. in bread, 
 and 10.?. for a sermon 
 
 St. Owen'5 — The Archdeacon says, "As to the Benefactions, see St. Mary de Crypt." 
 
 Holy Trinity — Mr. Peach — no date — gave four Houses — for four poor people, rent free. 
 
 • Mr. Samuel Willet — no date — gave 10/. the Interest whereof for the poor in bread. 
 
 CIVIL
 
 393 
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 THE Bailiffs, in King John's Charter, were probably successors of the Roman 
 Duumvirs', the usual Colonial Representatives of the Consuls ; as the Aldermen and 
 Common Council were of the Decurions. "The officers (says Mr. Dorney'') do much 
 resemble those of the ancient Roman State: first, in generall, the Government being 
 by a Maior, Aldermen, and Common Councell ; it may be termed a Senate, and the 
 Maior Princeps Senatus, having alone amongst our Duodecemviri ensigns of honour 
 carried before him, and power alone to convocate the Senate." 
 
 " But more particularly the Maior, as he is the King's Lieutenant, so he may be 
 termed Urbis Prcefectus, one set over the City ; in respect of his examining and 
 judging of matters within the City, Prcetor Urbanus, a City Prsetor; as Clark of the 
 Market, Mdilis Cerealis" ^ 
 
 "In the time of King John this was a Bur'rough-Town, and had two Bailiffs and 
 four Chief Burgesses. The Bailiffs in the time of King Richard the Second were 
 made Justices of the Peace. King Richard the Third made it a Maior- 7oz<;??, and a 
 County with two Hundreds, subject to twelve Aldermen Justices of the Peace ; and 
 the Bailiffs of the Town to be Sheriffs of the County. King Henry the Eighth made 
 it a City." 
 
 "This hath been a very ancient Borough ; for in the Charter of King John it is said. 
 Secundum antiquum legem Burgi, quam habuerunt tejnpore a7itecessorum nostrorum 
 [according to the ancient law of the Town, which they had in the time of our ances- 
 tors]. In which Charter it is appointed, that the Common Council of the Burrough 
 should choose two Burgesses, and present them to the Chief Justice at Westminster, 
 for the prepositure and government of the Town; and four Burgesses to keep the pleas 
 of the Crown, and to see that the other two juste et legitime tractent tarn pauperes 
 quam divites'^ [justly and lawfully treat poor, as well as rich]." 
 
 "Where the elections are by Charter, such as our election is, as well the electors 
 as the manner and formalities of the elections are prescribed also. In some places, ac- 
 cording to their Charters, the Maiors, Bailiffs, or other officers of Corporations, are 
 chosen by the Commonalty of Burgesses ; and in others by a certain number of them. 
 And so it is with us ; for our Charter having appointed the Cotnmon Councell to be 
 the Representative Body of the Burgesses, hath also appointed tivcnty-four of the 
 
 a Mr. Prinn notices that Gloucester was a Civ'Uas in the year C/l ; and Archdeacon Furncy very pro- 
 jicrly observes, that the Prscpositi, or Prevosts, were superintendants of the King's demesne, not the Civil 
 ftlagistratcs. 
 
 b " Certain Speeches made upon llic Day of the yearly Election of Officers in the City of Gloucester. By 
 John Dorney, Esq. Town Gierke of the said City. London, 24mo, 1653," p. 6 ; an excessively scarce little 
 work, communicated by Mr. Counsel. 
 
 c Sic. ^ Speeches, p. 21. 
 
 3 E Common
 
 y 
 
 394 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Common Councell only to be the Electors. And let none of the Common Burgesses 
 repine thereat; for in most places, where the elections have been left to all the Bur- 
 gesses by the Charter, yet by experience it hath been found that in those places the 
 usuall elections have been and are by a selected manher ; and such elections have been 
 held good in law, and to be warranted by their Charter, upon a presumption that 
 there was at first ^ (by the common consent of the people) some ordinance and con- 
 stitution made amongst them for it, to avoid popular confusion. And as our Charter 
 appoints the Electors to be of the Common Councell, so the Elected shall be of them 
 too, as being deemed the best sort of Citizens, as the Magistratus Patricli in Rome 
 were chosen out of the better sort of Romans." ^ 
 
 He then points out the general duties of the Corporation as a Body; in which is this 
 curious passage: " As therefore amongst the ancients (in some places before the know- 
 ledge of writing and printing) ii ivas a custome to singe the Laivs, that they might 
 not be forgotten e, so the people may have cause to sing that you have not forgotten 
 the laws and laudable examples of your predecessors, and the good customs of this 
 Cityr 
 
 " Our Common-Councell-men are to continue for life, unless removed for some just 
 cause."'' 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS CONNECTED WITH THE CORPORATION. 
 
 The Burgesses offered thirty marks of silver if they could recover their money per 
 justitiam Regis [through the King's sense of justice] which was taken from them on 
 account of the King's [no doubt Henry II.] expedition to Ireland '. 
 
 In IIC9 Ailwin the mercer set up a community in the Burgh of Gloucester, for 
 which he paid 100^.; Walter the cordwainer and others one mark each; and other 
 Burgesses eighty''. 
 
 In 1 177, upon the aid assessed by the Sheriff' of the County, the Burgh of Gloucester 
 paid 100 marks'. 
 
 In 1193 the Burgesses purchased leave to buy and sell in their Guild-hall ■". Soon 
 after they paid ccc lampreys for the Royal protection ". 
 
 In 1207 they made the King [John] a similar fine not to find necessaries for the 
 prisoners of Poitou". 
 
 e See the Case of Corporations, Co. 4, Rep. 7, S. ^ Speeches, p. 31. 
 
 S A curious fact this, singing of Acts of Parliament. One would think that he merely alluded to crying 
 or proclaiming them ; but the words bear an inference that the people sung them in order to remember 
 them. ' h Speeches, p. 32. 
 
 • Rot. Pip. ascribed to the 5th of Steplien, and MS. Colt. Vitell. E. V.; but the precise date of the roll, 
 according to Mr. Madox, cannot be ascertained. 
 
 k Rot. Pip. 16 and 19 Hen. II. Madox. ' Rot. Pip. 23 Hen. II. 
 
 m Rot. Pip. 'j Ric. I. I\Iadox's Excheq. p. 323. " Id. p. 331. 
 
 o Rot. Pip. 9 John. Madox, p. 352. 
 
 In
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 395 
 
 In 1210 they paid fifty marks in aid of King John's voyage to Ireland p. 
 In 1289 the Community of the Town complained that the powerful men of the 
 place often tallaged them in a short time, without a cause ; and supplicated the Kino- 
 to institute an enquiry into the cause of these tallages, the quantity of the same, what 
 became of the money, and to what use it was applied. Giles de Berkeley and the 
 Sheriff were accordingly assigned to investigate the matter, and to certify the King and 
 Council upon iti. 
 
 In 1371 King Edward III. granted to the Bailiffs of Gloucester (St. Martin's Place 
 afterwards) Lewis's House, seventy-two feet long, twenty-four feet broad, that there 
 a tower for a clock might be erected, under the rent of one shilling a year to the 
 Crown '. This was near the High Cross. The ancientry of clocks is very uncertain ^ ; 
 but from the remarkable one now at Wells, made by Lightfoot, a Monk of Glaston- 
 bury, about this zera, the fact is probable, though it is involved in some uncertainty, 
 because the Latin word Cloca also signifies a Bell. These clocks had not a face of 
 figures, but of radii, like points of the compass ; and a tower might be necessary on 
 account of the immense bells annexed to them '. 
 
 In 1411 a complaint was made against the Bailiffs for having imposed a tonnage of 
 5^. upon every ton of wine or oil brought by the Severn ". 
 
 Passing by events, in this ajra, mentioned in the General History, the state of Glou- 
 cester in the reign of Henry VII. is well detailed in the following Enactments of a 
 Law Day, among the Corporation Papers ^ : 
 
 " It is ordeyned by the Law Day for the contynuance of the good rule, and for the 
 comyn welth of this Towne of Gloucester, the which is to abominable spokyn of in 
 all Englond and Walys, of the vicyous lyvyng of dyvers persones, as well of spiry- 
 tuell as temporall, with to excedyng nowmber of comyn strompets and bawds dwellyng 
 in every ward of the said Towne, which if hit be not shortly remedyed and punyshed, 
 hit is to be feryd, leste the mighty God wille caste his grete vengeaunce uppon the said 
 Towne in shorte tyme for refoarmance (sic) of the same, and of dyvers other enor- 
 mities usyd within the said Towne of Gloucester, to thencrreasyng of vertue and the 
 comyn welth of the same, have ordeined theiz ordynaunces hereafter following: 
 
 " For Comi/n Qwenys y. 
 " Impritnis, that ther may be a convenyent ffych' made in the coniyn Market- 
 place before the Fest of Lammas next coming, for the punyshing them, as well as 
 wedded men, as of prestes and of other comyn qwenys, whether she be mannys wyfl' 
 or single woman, as hit is used in the Worshipful Citie of London, and in the Towne 
 
 P Rot. Pip. 12 John. Madox, p. 421. n Rot Pari. 18 Edvv. I. 
 
 r MSS. Pi inn. » Sec Bcckmann's Inventions. 
 
 t Bishop Courtney about 1479 gave a clock-bell, weighing 12,500 lbs., with a clock and dial, discovering 
 the course of the sun and moon. Izacke's Exeter, p. 2, cd. 1731. 
 
 " Par!. 13 Hen. IV. » MSS. v. III. f. XiX. y Quean, Harlot. 
 
 ' Answerable to the modern Cage. In an old Dictionary of obsolete words " IVhkhe is an Ark or Chest," 
 from the French Guichet ; whence H'kket. 
 
 of
 
 39C HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 of Bristow ; and that this Whych be made by the Stueards that now beene, with a 
 particion for men and women, uppon payne of c*,, to be charged upon the accompt 
 as a somme ftbrfeyte to the Chamber of the Towne, for theyre contempt for non doyng 
 of the same : and that the same Stewards be allowed for the makyng of the same, upon 
 their accompte." ^ 
 
 ''Item, it is agreed and ordayned, for all abominable qwenys lyving viciously, to the 
 evident fame and knowledge of the comynaltye, that then all such qwenys, imme- 
 diately upon that knowledge had, and relation therof made to the ShirifFe, to be takyn 
 and putt in some of the comyn halyers carts within the said Towne, so that they may 
 be conveyed from ward to ward, rounde about the same Towne, with such solempnityes 
 that belongyth for theym to have. And they to be disgysed with fronteletts of papyr 
 and ray hods ; and the halyer shall have for his cartt for every such viage made, to be 
 paid by the ShyrifTe of the same Towne, and that he shall leve his other besynes, if he 
 therto be requyred, uppon the payne of \\d. to the ShirifF of the Towne, and that the 
 ShyrifTe of the same Towne may be at the execucyon of the same, with theyr officers, 
 upjion payne of \\s., to be levyed by the Stewarde of the same Towne of theyr tanga- 
 buU rent for the yere beyng, to the reparacyon of the Towne Wall." 
 
 " Ffur Reteyners of Burgesses ur auy Enhahitaut iv'ithbi the Towne. 
 " Also it is ordeyned, that for dyvers myschefTes and greate enormytes that in this 
 Towne before this tyme hath bene usyd by retynores, that no burges nor inhabitant 
 be not of a reteyninge, lyverey, or other wis, by othes and paynes to any gentelman 
 dwellynge without the said Towne, uppon payne to be discomyned and putt out of the 
 said Towne ; and that he nether by nor sell withyn the said Towne till he have refused 
 the said reteyning, and made fyn with the Shyriffe, uppon payne of vi*. viud., to be 
 levyed by the Shyriffe for the tym being, to theyr use and behoof." 
 
 [Then follow three articles concerning punishment of offending victuallers, fining 
 persons insulting the Common Council, and turning beggars out of the town.] 
 
 " For the abomynahle Levyngof Prestcs and other Relygyous uithin the same Toivne. 
 "Also it is ordeyned, that if any such preste or religious daylye haunte qwenys 
 within any ward of the Towne, or walk by night suspeciously, or take with onlawfull 
 demeanyng with horses, strompetts, or with mennes wyffs, that then they be brought 
 to the Whych for theym appointed, ther to remayne by the discrecion of the Justices 
 of the Peace of that ward, that ther as they were takyn in. And yf they be suche 
 abominable persones, that they wold not for that punyshnient to amend, that then the 
 Justice of the Peace in such ward as thei be, &c. [to find surety of good behaviour, 
 &c.] »> 
 
 a Fol. XIX. 
 
 b At the Sessions at Beaumaris, held May 22, 9 Hen. VII. liveries ami badges are forbidden, except to 
 Bailiffs, Parkers, Menial Servants, and Counsel retained in the Law : and say the Sessions at Caernarvon, 14 
 Hen. VII. " Forasmuch as many and divers vicious priests and clerks within holy orders defile many women, 
 vvifcs, and daughters to the prince's tenants, &c. &c." MS. Harl. 4776. This profligacy, owing to the pro- 
 hibition of marriage, vastly expedited the dissolution of Abbies and the Reformation. 
 
 "Also
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 397 
 
 ''Also hyt is ordayned by the Law Day, for dyvers considerations, that no manner of 
 men do tye tlieir horses in the streete, but bring theyme to an inne," &c. 
 
 [In another Leet we find an allusion to an ancient law of the Confessor, that if any 
 guest lay a third night in an inn, he was accounted a domestick, and his host was an- 
 swerable for what offence he should commit <^.] 
 
 " iG H. All. No hostelers to harbour no |)erson or personnes over iii dayes and iii 
 nyghts without perfit knowlegge what they be and wither they will; nothir kepe no 
 comon quenes, ne strompetts''." 
 
 EXTRACTS FROM THE CORPORATION MINUTES. 
 
 In 1577 an Act passed for the good of the City in 
 the time of the Plague. 
 
 In 1587 a Letter from the Queen and Council, 
 about furnishing a sliip against the Spanish Invasion. 
 
 In 1592 a Taxation in the time of the Plague. 
 Alderman John Taylor fined ^.100 on account of 
 keeping his servant having the plague e. 
 
 [The following articles refer to the intervening 
 years, from 1(>40 to 1C53 inclusive.] 
 Imprimis — Presented to CoUonell the s£. s. d. 
 
 Earle of Essex one whole hogshed of 
 
 claret wine, cost - . - - 
 Item — Presented him at same time 
 
 halfe a hogs-hed of sacke, cost 
 hem — Paid to Mrs. Whittingham, of 
 
 the Boothall, for her charge in pro- 
 viding a venison feast for Mr. Maior, 
 
 Aldermen, Common Coimeill, and 
 
 Citizens, as per note appcareth 
 Item — Paid for '2 flaggons of bcere - 
 //em — Paid to John Smallman, for 
 
 wine fetched at his house for the 
 
 venison feast, for 2 gallons and 1 
 
 pottle of sacke, and one polile of 
 
 claret ------ 
 
 and for beere then sent for 
 
 Ilem — Paid Mr. Hathaway, for sixteen 
 
 dozen of trenchers for Mr. Maior's 
 
 great feast - - • . - 
 
 06 10 00 
 
 <)G 00 00 
 
 II 07 OG 
 00 00 4 
 
 00 15 00 
 OO 00 G 
 
 01 04 O 
 
 Ilem — Paid for wine sent for to the g£. s. d. 
 Tolsey to make Lieutenant General! 
 Cromwell of the Parliamentary Army 
 drinke when he marched with most 
 of his Army through this Citie into 
 Wales 00 11 00 
 
 Ilem — Paid Richard Humphryes, 
 butcher, for a fat sheep given to 
 the Judges 01 06 00 
 
 Item — Paid for a couple of capons for 
 
 them 00 05 00 
 
 [N. B. These two last items shew 
 the dearness of provisions (according 
 to those times), occasioned by the 
 civil war.] 
 
 Item — Paid to Thomas Suffield, cook, 
 for lamprey pyes sent to our Parlia- 
 ment Men 08 00 00 
 
 Item — Paid to Mr. James Stephens, 
 Esq. fsicj Maior, towards the hospi- 
 tality during that yearc, as in prece- 
 dent yeare 60 00 00 
 
 Item — Paid for two sugar-loaves pre- 
 sented to Judge Atkins by Mr. Maior 
 and Aldemian"s orders — weighed 
 12 lbs. at 2s. a pound - - - 01. 04 00 
 
 [Sugar-loaves were customary pre- 
 sents to great persons from whom 
 favour and protecti(m were expected. 
 nioranl's Colchester, p. 53.] 
 
 c See Cowell, v. Third night awn hine. 
 
 <' After the suppression of the Stews, llio women took refuge in ale-houses, where they were encouraged 
 in order to gain customers. The aibours common in inn gardens were intended for assignations. Haw- 
 kins's Musick, III. 408, 4'20. • Corporation Minutes, penfes Mr. Counsel. 
 
 Charges
 
 398 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Charges for the Swords and Maces, 
 1651. 
 Imprimis — Paid Mr. Alderman Vyner, of sS. s. d. 
 
 Item — Paid to Mr. Perry, jun. for the s£. s. d. 
 patent for the citie armes, with new 
 creastes and supporters - - - 20 00 00 
 
 London,forthesword and maces, 1651 85 05 00 (MSS. Counsel) 
 
 During part of this period (1642 to 1652) Mr. Dorney made his Speeches, which 
 often detail historical matters concerning the state of the times. 
 
 1642. Dennis JVise, Mayor. " He [the Mayor] was a captain as well as a major, 
 a sword-man as well as a gown-man." 
 
 " As for Mr. Coroner, he had little to do with utlaries, whilest 50 many lived 
 without law : and for his inquisition super visum corporis [view of the body], he was 
 careful to take them where he might, the martiall law claiming jurisdiction in some 
 cases. But (as an Alderman) he hath also put his helping hand to the keeping of your 
 City ; and his purse hath been opened to the maintaining of the Garrison." 
 
 " The Sheriffs have had few causes to judge, or writs to execute ; they have not had 
 the power of their County, nor yet of their Gaol." 
 
 " As for the Stewards, these will tell you of many arrerages of rents ; and that 
 their layings-out were more than their comings-in." f This is repeated in the next 
 mayoralty. 
 
 1643-4, Nicholas ff'ebb. Mayor. " I need not tell you what countenance he gave 
 to Ministers and their Ministry." [Then he states the re-edification of the South 
 Gate, as before stated.] 
 
 "As for Mr. Coroner, if you enquire what he hath done, his diligence as Coroner, 
 in his enquiries super visum corporis [view of the body], hath been great; but his 
 trouble and pains as a Captain of the Trained-band, and as Surveyor of the City works, 
 were greater." 
 
 " As for the Sheriff's, there is now' a Governour, who (being Prcetor Martialis) 
 hath made a Marshalsey of their Prison." 
 1645-6. Luke Nouise, Mayor. 
 
 [Mr. Dorney here lets a cat out of the bag, which shows the hypocrisy of the times, 
 and the little virtual power of canting religion in reforming morals.] 
 
 " Before the Gentlemen [the new Officers] are sworn, I shall make bold to present 
 my information unto them against two dangerous malignants, that are not to be tole- 
 rated in any Parliament Garrison. These are Impiety and Iniquity^." 
 
 1646-7. Laurence Singleton, Mayor. [Mr. Dorney says only what is given under 
 the account of the City Buildings and the Deans and Chapter.] 
 
 1647-8. Jasper Clutterboohe, Mayor. [This speech only contains generals.] 
 164S-9. John Madocke, Mayor. [A disquisition only of the nature and tendency 
 of oaths.] 
 
 1649-50. Henry Cugley, Mayor. [This speech shows how the Republican Leaven 
 began to operate among the godly, viz. in the total neglect of Christian humility and 
 
 f Speeches, p. 4, 5. g Id. p. 19. 
 
 the
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. S99 
 
 the doctrine of " in honour preferring one another." Success, as usual, introduced 
 Self, and sent Principle to walk behind, no longer arm in arm.] "Before 1 come to 
 name unto you the new Officers elected for this next year, I have one humble suit to 
 make unto you all ; which being for your own good, I hope will be granted; and that 
 is, that you will be more acquainted with, and give a more free entertainment to, 
 Unity. I must confesse, and I am sorry there is occasion so to do, that Unity is too 
 great a stranger amongst us. It would also much conduce to vnifi/ for all to act in 
 their own sphere and places. You heard this morning very well of the benefits of 
 Magistracy, and the great inconveniences oi Anarchy, or the Levelling Way ; which, 
 should it prevail, I fear we should have cause to use the expression of Tacitus — Magis 
 sine domino, qitam in Uhertate — More without a lord, then in liberty"^. Some of you 
 also, perhaps, may object that we have many burthens; burthens breed discontents, and 
 discontents divisions." 
 
 1650-1. James Stephens, Esq. Mayor. He begins with a discourse upon Provi- 
 dence, and then says, " There have been some further provisions made for the encrease 
 of the revenues of the Chamber, and the maintenance of the poor in the Hospitals, 
 by the purchase of foe-farm rents ; and some better accommodation for the keeping 
 of the Tolsey Court, by a stately structure ; that there hath been ^friendly compliance 
 betwixt the citizens and souldiers, I wish the same may continue; that, for the gene- 
 rail, things have been in a very peaceable condition ; and the bodies of the inhabitants, 
 for the most part, in a healthy constitution." 
 
 165 1-2. Anthony Edwards, Mayor. This oration is beneath Mr. Dorney's eminent 
 talents, for it consists in calling "Gloucester another Ebenezer," and the unphiloso- 
 phical nonsense about the Deity and Providence, which is vulgarly denominated Cant, 
 though that term properly belongs only to seditious preaching'. He however lets 
 another cat out of' the bag, and makes a prophetic remark, which he little expected 
 would prove true, not reflecting that the new system owed its duration only to the 
 high ability of the great military despot Cromwell, whose views were purely selfish. 
 " Some do much doubt that this Commonwealth will come much short of the glory 
 this Nation had whilest it was a Kingdom, because they suppose the great Luminary 
 of Knowledge will be eclipsed by the interposition of some that are all for changes, 
 and to bring things to a levell ; and who are so raooa-blinde that they cannot see the 
 
 h Sjieeches, p. 53. 
 
 ' " Mr. Alexander Cant, son to Mr. Andrew Cant (who in his discourse de Ezcommunicato Trucidando 
 maintained (hat all refusers of the Covenant uuglit to be excommunicated, and that all so excommuni- 
 cated might lawfully be killed), was lately deposed by the Synod, for divers seditious and impudent iiassages 
 in his sermons at several places; as at the pulpit of Banchry — If ever the King made a good pudding he 
 would eale the prick of it — That whoever would own or make use of a Sen ice-booh, King, Nobleman, or 
 Minister, the curse of God should be upon him. In his giace after meat he prayed for those Phanatiques and 
 seditious Ministers (who are now secured) in these words — The Lord pillij and diinir the precious prisoners 
 who are now suffering for the truth, and close up the mouths of the Edomitcs, who arc now rejoycin^; — with 
 several other articles too long to recite. From these two Cants (Andrew and Alexander) all seditious praying 
 and preaching in Scotland is called Canting" Kingdom's Intelligencer, No 9, Feb. "25 to Mar. 4, 1660. 
 
 worth
 
 400 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 worth of learning, but having themselves little or no acquaintance with it, are but 
 small friends, if not enemies unto it."'' 
 
 1651-2. IVilliayn Singleton, Mayor. " It hath been a year of much health to this 
 Countrey, but very eminently to this City ;" ' all which he is obliged to qualify by evils 
 mentioned under the Trade of this City. 
 
 EXTRACTS OF THE CORPORATION MINUTES (continued). 
 
 1657- A Letter from his Highness, to put the 
 City in a posture of defence against the CavaHer 
 Party. 
 
 Farthings made by the City for exchange. 
 
 1658. The illustrious Cromwell proclaimed Pro- 
 tector, Sept. 6. 
 
 1659. But one assize kept here. A guard-house 
 erected. 
 
 1660. Edward Massey, Esq. Go\ernor of the City. 
 Fee-farm rents surrendered to his Majesty. 
 Duke of Gloucester made Lord High Steward, and 
 
 5/. salary ; also presented with a piece of plate not 
 exceeding \00l. value. 
 
 Sword and maces altered. 
 
 Address on the King's Restoration, 25th June, 
 1660. 
 
 Lenthall discharged — Seys chosen Recorder, 
 
 \661. Old city seal broke, and a new one used. 
 
 Alderman Perry resigns his place of Alderman. 
 
 John Doi'ney, Town Clerk, displaced by the Com- 
 mons — Members removed, and others chosen. 
 
 Thomas Williams, Town Clerk in the room of 
 Dorney. 
 
 1664. 4Z. each assize for entertaining the Judges 
 
 1666. Richard Hale disfranchised. 
 
 1667. John Dorney chosen Town Clerk ">. 
 
 ABSTRACTS OF THE CHARTERS, FROM MR. PRINN'S 
 
 MANUSCRIPTS, &c. 
 Taken by him from the Corporation Archives. 
 
 King Henry IL granted to the Burgesses thelikc 
 customs for toll as London and Winchester. 
 
 b May, 1194. Richard I. granted the Town of 
 Gloucester to the Burgesses, for 55^ per annum 
 rent, and 10/. per annum increment ; confirms the 
 former grant j and no person to molest, on pain of 
 10/. .'\n(l on the 6th of the same May he grants 
 them libertj'of passing free on Sc\ern with all mer- 
 chandizes. 
 
 26 April, 1199. King John grants, that all Bur- 
 gesses of the Guild of Merchants be freed toll, pas- 
 sage, portage, and tallage, in and out of the market, 
 and in all ports belonging to the kingdom ; and 
 King Edward Ul. conlirnied the same, but saved 
 the liberties of London, and reserved them; and 
 granted all pleas relating to lands, wages, or debts, 
 due by the inhabitants. And if any took toll of the 
 Guild of Merchants, the Sheriff or chief Officer of 
 
 '^ Speeches, p. 76. 
 
 1 Id. p. 79. 
 
 Gloucester shall seize it again ; and that they shall 
 enjoy all their former customs} and that the Bur- 
 gesses may elect two Burgesses, to be head Officers 
 or Bailiffs of the Town, and four to be Coroners, 
 who in the Borough shall keep the pleas relating to 
 the Crown. 
 
 1 April, 1227. These grants are confirmed by 
 Henry HL, with this addition — that any native, 
 continuing in the Borough, and being of the 
 Guild of Merchants, and paying scot and lot for a 
 year and a day without opposition, shall continue a 
 freeman. 
 
 1256. The same grants are confirmed by the 
 same King, who moreover grants to the Burgesses 
 of Gloucester rctiwn of writs, and none to inter- 
 meddle or disturb them in their privileges, on pe- 
 nalty of 10/. And they are to enjoy all their liberties 
 as London. 
 
 m MSS. pcnfes Mr, Counsel. 
 
 1328.
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 401 
 
 1328. Edward III. confirms King John's grant ; 
 and adds, that in regard his father was interred in 
 the Abbey Church of the Town of Gloucester, he 
 grants to the inhabitants that they shall be free in 
 Callage, portage, stallage, lastage, murage, passage, 
 guildage, and the Guild of Merchants, and all their 
 customs, through England and his dominions. 
 
 1335. The same King grants to the Bailiffs of 
 Gloucester and the Inhabitants [the tolls] for seven 
 years, for paving the streets of the Town. 
 
 134.5. The same King grants to Thomas Bradstoa 
 the tolls for seven years, to repair and keep the 
 streets of the Town. 
 
 1356. The same King grants a fair yearly, to 
 endure for seven days, viz. the eve and day of St. 
 John Baptist, and five succeeding days; which King 
 Richard II. confinried. 
 
 1398. By the same King are granted to the 
 Burgesses of Gloucester goods of outlaws, felons, 
 fugitives, deodands, goods taken in the manner 
 upon felons, pleas of mort d'ancestor, conusance of 
 pleas of novel dissesin, forfeitures, certificates of 
 array, and all other pleas, real and personal; to 
 hear and determine all causes, except felony ; to 
 take recognizances of the Statute of Acton Burnell ; 
 jwwer to arrest body and goods of all persons within 
 the Borough of Gloucester, except the Abbot of St. 
 Peter of Gloucester, his tenants and servants. 
 
 1399. All these were confirmed by King Henry 
 IV., who also, in 
 
 1408, allowed return of writs, &c. formerly grant- 
 ed at the King's Courts, held before his Steward or 
 Marescall at Chiltham. 
 
 141-2. Tolls on all wares, &c. within Gloucester, 
 granted for pavement of the Vill to the Burgesses 
 for five years ; and confirmed, 
 
 1415, by King Henry V. 
 
 142^. These confirmed by King Henry VI., with 
 consent of his Parliament. 
 
 1425. The return of writs, &c. at the King's 
 Court (as above) at Tewksbury allowed. 
 
 1462. The same are confirmed by King Ed- 
 ward IV. 
 
 1473. On a petition to the same King, by the 
 BailifiTs and Stewards of Gloucester, the same King 
 grants that every inhabitant pave the street before 
 his door. On refusal, Builitf has power to do it, and 
 distrain. If the owner pay not his contribution in 
 fifteen days, tenant may deduct it out of his rent; 
 or, if distrained, may have an action of debt against 
 landlord 
 
 1483. King Richard III. confirmed the above 
 grants, and abates 451. a year of the fee-farm rent ; 
 and du'ects that Gloucester be incorporated by the 
 name of the Mayor and Burgesses of the Town of 
 Gloucester ; that the Mayor be elected on the Mon- 
 day next after Michaelmas, and sworn before the 
 Bailiff's and four other Burgesses ; that by the name 
 of Mayor and Burgesses they are to plead,&c. ; to 
 have power to carry a sword before the Mayor ; to 
 elect twelve Aldermen ; on death to chuse another 
 without delay ; Dudston and King's Barton Hun- 
 dreds are separated from the County of Gloucester, 
 and are united to this Town ; provided that assizes 
 and sessions for the County of Gloucester may be 
 holden within the Town ; Bailiff to be elected, as 
 formerly, and from the Monday after Michaelmas to 
 be Bailiff of the Town ; Sheriff of the County of the 
 Town to be sworn before the Mayor, who shall cer- 
 tify into the Chancery, imder the seal of his office, 
 the name of the elected ; Sheriff to hold a Hundred 
 Court the first Tuesday in every month ; to execute 
 precepts; to account by attorney before the Barons 
 of the Exchequer ; not compellable to go out of the 
 Town to i>ass their accounts, if they provide a suf- 
 ficient attorney ; a Coroner to be elected by the 
 Mayor and Aldermen, and be sworn before them ; 
 Mayor to be elected by twelve Aldermen and twehc 
 Common Council Men ; two Serjeants at Mace to 
 wait on the Mayor, and two to wait on the Sheriffs; 
 Mayor to be Clerk of the Market, Steward, Marshal, 
 and Escheator ; none to intermeddle with any of the 
 ofRces belonging to the Mayor, Sheriffs, Coroner, 
 &c. ; Mayor and Aldermen to have power to correct 
 and punish all disorders ; Tewkesbury exempt from 
 toll. 
 
 14S3. A mandate of the same King, command- 
 ing the Sheriff of the County of Gloucester not to 
 intermeddle in the Hundreds of Dudston and Kings 
 Barton. 
 
 1490. Henry VII. confirms and grants as before, 
 except the abatement of 45/. per annum fee-farm 
 rent. On petition of Mayor, &c. for abatement of 
 fee-farm rent, in regard 300 houses had been de- 
 cayed, and other insupportable charges, about the 
 year 1487, the King granted an abatement of 5/. 
 per annum for ever. 
 
 1508. King Henry VIII. confirmed, &c. but 
 omits the abatement of 45/. per annum of the fee- 
 farm rent. 
 
 1542. The same King grants the Hundreds of 
 Dudston and King's Barton to be the County of the 
 
 3 F City ;
 
 402 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 City; Mayor and Burgesses to hold Courts Leet, 
 View of Frankpledge, and all things belonging 
 thereto ; return of writs, &c. 
 
 1512. A Writ commanding the Clerk of the Mar- 
 ket not to intermeddle in the City. 
 
 ISS'S. Edward VI. confirms the former grants. 
 1553. The privileges of the City allowed on a 
 Quo U'arranto ; and, 
 
 1561, confirmed by Oueen Elizabeth, who made 
 Richard Pate Recorder ; Mayor, Recorder, and Al- 
 dermen, Justices of the Peace ; persons refusing 
 their office (except Recorder and Town Clerk) to 
 be fined and imprisoned by Mayor and Burgesses ; 
 power of musters to b'-long to Mayor and Alder- 
 men J RIayor and Common Council to have power 
 to tax the inhabitants for the safety, necessity, or 
 profit of the City ; Money raised thereby to be in 
 the Steward's hands; Mayor and Corporation to 
 have the custody of orphans, their goods and lega- 
 cies, during their minorities ; Mayor, &c. may make 
 laws, alter things hard, and amend defects. 
 
 1580. The same Queen grants this City power to 
 erect a custom-house, wharf, or key, for ships, ves- 
 sels, and lighters to come unto. 
 
 1605. On petition of Henry Darby, Mayor, King 
 James I. grants to the County the Town, to be 
 called the County of the City of Gloucester ; to be a 
 free City ; a Body Politick, incorporated by tlie name 
 of the Mayor and Burgesses of the City of Glouces- 
 ter^ in the County of the City of Gloucester; to have 
 a common seal; twelve Aldermen (as formerly). 
 Mayor, &c. may make laws, and inflict punishment 
 on such as break them ; Mayor to be elected on 
 Monday after Michaelmas, and sworn before the old 
 Mayor at a Common Council of thirty persons ; a 
 Mayor may be removed ; Mayor, &c. may elect She- 
 riffs, Escheators, Coroners, Bailiffs, Chamberlains, 
 Constables, Serjeants at Mace, and otlier inferior 
 officers ; Sheriffs may have power to arrest, and hold 
 pleas i Mayor, Recorder, and Aldermen shall be Jus- 
 tices, and any three (whereof Recorder to be one) 
 may hold sessions, and any five (Mayor and Re- 
 corder being two of the five) may make gaol deli- 
 very for murders, felonies, and other crimes, except 
 treason, and misprision of treason ; may tax the in- 
 habitants for necessary expences in repairing the 
 bridges ; no Fraternity to make ordinances without 
 power from the Mayor : a fair on Ladyday and two 
 days after, on the seventeenth day of November and 
 two days after. 
 
 160 , . The niarket overt of Gloucester contro- 
 
 verted, and allowed in the marches of Wales by 
 the Justices of the King there, as appears by an Ex- 
 emplification thereof ; and, 
 
 1610, the right of a free overt market of Glou- 
 cester was affirmed and allowed by the King's 
 Bench. 
 
 1627. Charles I., by Charter, confirms the pre- 
 ceding Charters of King James I.; but adds, that 
 forty shall be of the Common Council ; may increase 
 the number as they see proper ; Mayor to be chosen 
 by 24 Electors ; Sheriffs to be two of the Common 
 Council ; Town Clerk to be elected by Mayor, and 
 to be attendant on Mayor, &c. ; for repairs of 
 bridges, &c. taxations shall be made by Mayor, 
 Clerk of Market, Stewards, and Marshal Court, every 
 Monday, to be held before Mayor, Sheriffs, and 
 Stewards, three or more of them ; Sheriffs to have 
 conusance of pleas in Tolsey Court ; to have power 
 to arrest and distrain; County Court to be held from 
 month to month, one Court in Easter month, an- 
 other in Michaelmas month ; no Bailiff to act in 
 Gloucester save Sherives' Bailiffs ; goods of felons, 
 fugitives, all fines, forfeitures within the City, and 
 tolls, the Sheriffs shall have ; two Burgesses to serve 
 in Parliament shall be elected; County Assizes and 
 Sessions to be held as before, saved by a proviso in 
 this Charter. 
 
 1664. A Charter was made to the City of Glou- 
 cester by King Charles II., which continued to the 
 18th day of April, 
 
 1672; on which day another of the same King 
 was made, and which is the 
 
 PRESENT CHARTER. 
 
 Twelve Aldermen, including the Mayor; thirty 
 Common Council Men at least, not more than 
 forty ; a Recorder ; Mayor's side to have prepon- 
 derance upon an equal division of votes ; may pu- 
 nish by fine, amerciament, and imprisonment ; 
 Common Council chosen for life, unless they mis- 
 behave ; persons refusing offices to be treated as 
 naturally dead, or removed ; Aldermen or Bur- 
 gesses, if not Freemen, to become such, upon taking 
 the Sacrament within one month of the date of the 
 Charter ; Mayor, Aldermen, and senior Common 
 Council, not less than twenty in the whole, upon 
 the Monday next following, to elect .Mayor. Bailiffs, 
 Chamberlain, and Coroner, for the year ensuing; 
 another to be chosen in case of Mayor's decease 
 
 during
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 403 
 
 during office; same with Sheriffs, Coroner, or Cham- 
 berlain ; Recorder to be elected by Mayor and Al- 
 dermen ; power of expulsion of Aldermen, &c. in 
 not less than twenty-four. Mayor, Aldermen, and 
 senior Common Council Men ; Mayor, Aldermen, 
 and Common Council Men may grant piecedence 
 by Act of Common Council ; Town Clerk and 
 Sword-bearer to be elected for life, unless removed 
 for misbehaviour, or they resign ; four Serjeants at 
 Mace ; persons refusing offices may be committed, 
 fined, and even deprived of their freedom ; Mayor, 
 &c. may alter and amend customs ; Mayor, Bishop, 
 Recorder, Dean, Aldermen, and two Prebends, to 
 be Justices of the Peace for the City ; Mayor to be 
 Clerk of the Market, and King's Steward or Mar- 
 shal within the City; Mayor and Corporation may 
 tax citizens for repairs of bridges, and other requi- 
 site expences j no Guild or Fraternity to make sta- 
 tutes without licence of the Corporation ; Charter 
 of Riciiard 11. confirmed concerning holding pleas, 
 &c. ; Tolsey Court to be held by Sheriffs, as before ; 
 County Court once a mouth, on a Tuesday, and a 
 Law-day twice in a year, a month after Easter and 
 
 Michaelmas ; Sheriffs may act by attorney out of 
 their jurisdiction ; Sheriffs and Town Clerk to en- 
 roll and write recognizances of debts, &c. and have 
 a greater and lesser seal ; Mayor and Burgesses may 
 have chattels of outlaws, deodands, &c. tolls from ail 
 matters brought for sale, Tewkesbury excepted, and 
 household necessaries, provided for private use, not 
 traffiek ; two Burgesses to be elected to sit in Par- 
 liament ; fee-farm 65/. ; confirmation of estates, 
 courts, franchises, fairs, &c. &c. on condition of 
 paying the above fee-farm; no Quo Warranto or 
 other process to be issued in future against Corpo- 
 ration ; omissions or defects in this Charter to be 
 construed in favour of the Corporation; Judges may 
 hold assizes for the County; quarter sessions, conj- 
 missions of sewers, and for charitable purposes, for 
 the County of Gloucester, may be held within the 
 City; Town Clerk to take the oath of supremacy, 
 and be approved by the Crown; the Hundreds 01 
 Dudston and King's Barton to be no longer County 
 of the City ; Crown may remove Mayor, or any Al- 
 derman ; nothing in this Charter to be prejudicial to 
 the Dean and Cliapter. 
 
 §3* Mr. Priiin's MSS. at Charlton King's contain, inter alia, Abstracts from tlie 
 City Papers, some of very great moment; as are — Stat. 23 Henry Vlll. for free pas- 
 sage of Severn — the Exchequer Cause, Corporation versus Chance and others, 
 wherein they established their right of toll, &c. &c. &c, — Sir Thomas Bell's Deed — 
 Living of Kemerton — Benefactions, &c. — Grants of Lands. 
 
 Sir Thomas White's Benefaction was established Nov, 11, IS18, by decree of the 
 Vice-Chancellor. 
 
 Mr. Counsel's MSS. contain an attested Copy of the Deed, concerning the Com- 
 mons, between the Abbot and Corporation. Various other jiarticulars occur, of 
 much legal importance, under circumstances. — 14 July, 1447, two water-mills, at the 
 West Gate, b\iilt by licence of King Henry VI. MSS. Prinn. — iG'u- Farthings 
 made by the City in exchange. MSS. Counsel. 
 
 Various other things are contained in the Corporation Archives, of general and other 
 matter ; such as original Letters from Cromwell, in the usual statesman-like form, ab- 
 stracting the proposition, and then stating the answer; with due thanks for numerous 
 presents, which, considering the sufferings of the City, he ought not to have accepted. 
 
 OFFICERS
 
 404 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE CITY — TRADING COMPANIES. 
 
 Mayor; also Clerk of the Market, and Mai-ahal, 
 and Steward of the King's Household when his 
 Majesty is in the City. 
 
 The High Steward. 
 
 The Recorder. 
 
 The two Membei-s of Parliament. 
 
 The twelve Aldermen, out of whom the Mayor is 
 chosen. That Alderman which was last Mayor is 
 geneially the Coroner, and the President of the 
 Hospitals. 
 
 The Town Clerk. 
 
 The Sheriffs. 
 
 'I'he Common Council. 
 
 The Treasurer. 
 
 The Chamberlain. 
 
 The Sword-Bearer. 
 
 The twelve Constables to the four Wards; viz. for 
 the West Ward four. North Ward four. East Ward 
 two, South AVard two. 
 
 The four Serjeants at Mace. 
 
 A Crier, or Day Bellman. 
 
 A Water-Bailiff. 
 
 Four Porters. 
 
 A Night Bellman. 
 
 A Gaoler. 
 
 A Beadle, and 
 
 Provost Marshal. 
 
 By the Charter of Charles 11. the Corporation 
 must consist of at least thirty members, but cannot 
 exceed forty; of which the Mayor and .\ldermen are 
 twelve, and the rest are the Common Council. 
 
 There are or were Twelve Companies, who attend 
 on the Mayor upon solemn occasions ; viz. 
 
 1. Mercers, including Apothecaries, Grocers, 
 
 Chandlers. 
 
 2. SVeavers ; of whom see Trade of the City. 
 
 3. Tanners. 
 
 4. Butchers. 
 
 5. Bakers. 
 
 6. Smiths and Hammer-men ; among whom are 
 
 also Ironmongers, Cutlers, Sadlers, and 
 Glaziers. 
 7- Joiners and Coopers. 
 
 8. Shoe-makers. 
 
 9. Metal -men; to which belong Goldsmiths, 
 
 Braziers, Pewterers, and Pin-makers. 
 
 10. Tailors. 
 
 11. Barbers. 
 
 12. Glovers. 
 
 Besides, there were formerly Cappers and Furriers, 
 Shear-men and Dyers, united 21 Elizabeth, quite 
 decayed in 1634; Cooks and Innholders, united 24 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Insignia. 
 
 This City has the highest marks of honour gene- 
 rally granted to Magistracy; viz. scarlet gowns, a 
 sword, and cap of maintenance, and four Seijeants 
 at Mace ; but the ordinary robes are, a black cloth 
 gown, edged with velvet, and lined with velvet or 
 fur. 
 
 The new Mayor, when he is elected, wears upon 
 his scarlet gown a scarlet cloak or mantle, which 
 was inconveniently and ungracefully suggested by 
 an Alderman Thomas Semys in 1602, and supplied 
 by another in 1738. The worthy Alderman should 
 have substituted a jewel or medal. 
 
 The Mayor has in his custody three swords; viz. 
 one with the figure of Queen Elizabeth and e. r. 
 1574, and the arms of the City, as they were then, 
 on it; another, which is covered with black velvet", 
 and has the present arms of the City on it ; and, 
 lastly, that which is now usually carried before him, 
 and has the City arms, and Toby Jordan, Mayor, 
 thereon. He has also the cap of maintenance, two 
 large siher maces giltj and several pieces of plate, 
 in his possession. 
 
 The Mayor has for his hospitality, and for his 
 keeping the Sword-bearer, two Serjeants, and two 
 Sword-bearers, SO/, a year, besides wheat, capons, 
 two salmons, and other perquisites. 
 
 Each of the Sheriffs has in his custody a large 
 silver mace gilt ; and maintains a Serjeant at Mace 
 and one of the Porters. 
 
 Seals., 
 
 An old seal in the time of King Edward III., still 
 used for recognizances, has on each side of that 
 King's head a horse-shoe, one horse-nail near if, 
 and three below it, 2 and 1, with the like number 
 
 ■> Used ill public mournings and iolemiiities of that kind. Rudge. 
 
 abovq
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT 
 
 405 
 
 above it, placed in the same order. And it is af- 
 firmed, that King Richard III., when he made this a 
 Mayoral Town, gave it his sword and cap of main- 
 tenance. Accordingly we find the following arms 
 on the South side of the gate leading into the Crypt 
 School, whicli was built by Alderman Cook, who 
 died in 1329 [his widow, in pursuance of his will] : 
 viz. a sword erect, with a cap of mainlenance on the 
 point ; on each side a horse-shoe, and three horse-naits 
 at length in the base. 
 
 In the reign of Queen Elizabeth the City used a 
 seal, which had in the middle a sword in bend, the 
 pommel in base, between six horse-shoes and ten horse- 
 •nails ; and round it, sigillum maioraljtatis 
 
 tLOL'C. 
 
 Atw$. 
 
 Christopher Barker, Esq. Garter Principal King 
 of Arms, October 18, 1538, granted to the City the 
 following arms — Vert, on a pale Gules between ttvo 
 iiorse-shoes, each horse-shoe between three nails, two 
 in chief, and one in base, all meeting with their points 
 to the shoe. Argent : a sword in a scabbard, Azure; 
 hilt, pommel, and studding of the scabbard. Or; on 
 the point of the sword a cap of maintenance Gules, 
 
 turned up Ermine, On a chief per pale Or and Purple, 
 a boar's head couped Argent, between two demy-roses, 
 the dexter Gules, barbed Vert, the sinister Argent, 
 barbed J'ert, each issuing rays from its centre, point- 
 ing to the boar's head Or. 
 
 These arms were used till 1G52, but part of the 
 time with this addition, v'lz. over the arms l.'>fi4, 
 and on each side two maces, the one surmounted of 
 the other. 
 
 The present arms of the City, assigned by Sir Ed- 
 ward Bish, Garter Principal King at Arms, August 
 1-1, 165*2, are — Or, three chevrons Gules between 
 ten torteauxes, three, three, three, and one ; which 
 are now used upon the City seal, and the seal of 
 Mayoralty. At the same time he adorned the coat 
 with two supporters, viz. on both the dexter and si- 
 nister sides a lion rampant Gules, each holding in 
 his dexter gamb a broad sword erect proper; and 
 added this crest, viz. out of a mural coronet issuant a 
 lion guardant Gules, holding in his dexter gamb a 
 broad sword erect proper, in the sinister gamb a 
 trowel ; upon a scroll tliis motto, fides invicta 
 TRIUMPHAT. The chevronels were taken from the 
 arms of the E^arls of Gloucester, and the torteauxes 
 from the See of Worcester. 
 
 Upon these arms it is worth while to make some remarks, as well as upon some 
 other matters connected with the City. 
 
 At Exeter a sword was given by King Edward IV., and yet no Sword-bearer was 
 appointed till the reign of Henry VII.; and a cap of maintenance was given by that 
 King, and worn by the Mayor". The arms are all symbolical; the first, with the 
 simple bearing of horse-shoes and nails, alludes to the iron manufactory, formerly- 
 carried on in this City; the sword erect, and cap of maintenance on the point, to the 
 success of the House of York, and Richard himself, with the determination to support 
 the advantage obtained. — The arms granted by Barker have also a very significant 
 chief. The boar's head cut off is founded on the boar, the cognizance of Richard III., 
 and shows his untimely fate. The demi-roscs refer to the union of the two Houses 
 of York and Lancaster; and the rays from the centre, j)ointing to the boar's head, 
 seem to allude to issue of that marriage, which Richard himself, knowing that his 
 niece was weak, and would have married any bodyP, wished to contract. — The arms 
 granted by Bish are equally symbolical. The lions and broad swords mean the war- 
 like character of the City in the civil wars. The mural coronet, lion, and trowel, 
 together with the motto, allude to the siege, and the erection of the fortifications. 
 
 " Izacke, p. 21. 
 
 r See her character in Hutton's History of Bosworth Field. 
 
 On
 
 406 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 On Monday after Michaelmas 1671, in the morning, eight of the Aldermen, the 
 oldest Sheriffs, and others of the Common Council, assembled, and there elected 
 Officers for the year ensuing. In the afternoon of the same day the Mayor, who was 
 not at the election, came to elect, and being told that the election was made in the 
 morning, he, one of the Aldermen, and sixteen of the Council, protested against it, as 
 being contrary to the Charter; upon which it was declared to be forfeited ; ajd a new 
 one could not be obtained under the sacrifice of ^.G49. 4v. 9(i-^ — The violent mea- 
 sures taken by Charles, in reference to the Charters of Corporate Bodies, are well 
 known ; and it is probable that the first electing party consisted of the old 
 Republicans. 
 
 On an old seal, used in the reign of King Henry III. and 38 Edward III. is a 
 castle, which appears to have had battlements from the turrets at each corner. And 
 on another ancient one, in the middle, is a castle, with a turret on each side, and 
 round it this inscription, sigillum burgensium de gilda mercatorum glovc. — 
 Thus Furney ; but the seal does not apply to the Corporation, as if that and the Guild 
 were synonimous; for though the members of the one might belong to the other, 
 they had no indispensable connection. The seal seems to show the form of the castle, 
 the usual square, with angular towers. That of Bristol occurs in the arms of that 
 eminent city. 
 
 Borough English, whereby lands and tenements descend to the youngest son, or, if 
 the owner of the land left no issue, then to the younger brother, formerly obtained 
 here. The reason of this custom (says Littleton) is, for that the youngest is presumed 
 in law to be least able to shift for himself ^ It obtained in other countries as well as 
 this ' ; and, if an ancient British custom, as has been said, shows that this Colony 
 enjoyed some municipal privileges, properly so called, though they have not been 
 recorded. 
 
 Another custom, by which the estates of condemned persons were forfeited to the 
 King only for a year and a day, and after that period returned to the next heirs, is lost 
 by desuetude. 
 
 Every son of a Burgess is free-born, and, as such, entitled to his freedom, and other 
 privileges attached to it'. 
 
 <1 Furney. "■ Cowell, v. Borough-English. s Du Cange, v. Burgh-EngUift. 
 
 t Among these is free common all the year inTownham; but in Prestham, Portham, Oxlease, Little 
 Meadow, and Meanham, after the first vesture is severed, which in the two last must be by July 15, at 12 
 o'clock. Certain officers are annually chosen from the members of the Corporation, who superintend the 
 commons, cleanse the ditches, fix the time for their being opened, and two or three times in the season 
 drive the cattle to one place, for which they receive 6d. a head for every horse or beast, and a fine of Cs. Sd. 
 for every one not belonging to a Burgess. The stinted number is two horses, or three neat beasts to each 
 Burgess ; but no sheep at all in Little Meadow of Meanham. By the agreement made between the Abbot 
 and Convent, Butchers only have the privilege of putting sheep into Portham and the Oxlease, from the 
 Feast of St. Thomas the Martyr to the Feast of the Purification ; and at all times in the year in the Town- 
 ham ; the number to each not to exceed twenty. Furney and Rudge. — The Butchers, in order to preserve 
 this privilege, still attend the Mayor with their banners. 
 
 MARKET-
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 407 
 
 MARKET-DAYS —Wednesday and Saturday. 
 FAIRS — April 5, July 5, and Nov. 28; — besides Barton Fair, a distinct concern. 
 
 PRESENT [1S19] MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATION. 
 
 3Iayor. 
 
 Ralph Fletcher, Esa. 
 
 High Steward. 
 
 The Honourable Lord Henry Howard 
 
 MoLYNEux Howard. 
 
 Recorder. 
 
 Right Honourable John Lord Somers. 
 
 Aldermen. 
 
 Samuel Woodcock, Esa. 
 
 David Anthony Saunders, Esa. 
 
 Sir Berkeley William Guise, 
 
 Bart. M. P. 
 Thomas Commeline, Esa. 
 John Pleydell Wilton, Esa. 
 Edward Weaver, Esa. 
 Samuel Ricketts, Esa. 
 Thomas Washbourne, Esa. 
 David Walker, Esa. 
 John Philpotts, Esa. 
 John Baron, Esa. M. D. 
 
 Sheriff's. 
 Elisha Farmer Sadler, Esa. 
 Henry Wilton, Esa. 
 
 Common Council. 
 Robert Pleydell Wilton. 
 
 James Wood. 
 Shadrach Charleton. 
 Samuel Jones. 
 John Cooke. 
 Edward Youde. 
 Edward Webb, M. P. 
 John Washbourne. 
 John Hervey Ollney. 
 Charles Evans. 
 Abraham Saunders. 
 John Fendall. 
 Samuel Commeline. 
 
 William Henry Hyett. 
 
 William Price. 
 
 Thomas Smith. 
 
 Alexander Walker. 
 
 Henry Hooper Wilton. 
 
 David Moubray Walker. 
 
 William Mutlow. 
 
 John William Wilton. 
 
 Thomas Probyn. 
 
 Lord Henry Howard. 
 
 Lord Somers. 
 
 John Wright Guise, Esa. 
 Town Clerk. 
 
 Robert Pleydell Wilton, Esa. 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATION. 
 
 Even so late as the reign of James I. the Burgesses were assessed for the expence.s 
 of their Representatives ; not less than two shillings per day being allowed them 
 during the sessions, with the additional pay of six days taken up in going, and six 
 days in returning. The votes are in the Freemen only. 
 
 LisT
 
 408 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 List of Representatives, from the earliest Period to the present Time. 
 
 Edward I. 
 23. Henry de Chounger, 
 26. Richard de Brythampton, 
 30. Robert le Espicer, 
 
 33. William de Hartford, 
 
 34. Richard le Clerk, 
 
 35. Andrew de Pevedock, Thomas de Hannely. 
 
 Roger de Heyberare. 
 Robert le Espicer. 
 John de Bale. 
 John de Comb. 
 Richard le Blehston. 
 
 Edward 
 2. William Hertford, 
 4. Walter le Spicer, 
 .5. Walter le Spicer, 
 6. William Tidderington, 
 
 6. William de Hertford, 
 
 7. Walter Lespicer, 
 
 8. John Bury, 
 
 12. John de Hertford, 
 12. Walter Lespicer, 
 15. Walter Lespicer, 
 
 15. Andrew Pendock, 
 
 16. John Hertford, 
 
 19. Andrew de Pendock, 
 29. Andrew Pendock, 
 
 Edward 
 1. Elias Ailberton, 
 
 1. John Brayton, 
 
 2. Thomas Copperych, 
 4. Walter le Spicer, 
 4. The same, 
 
 6. The same, 
 
 6. The same, 
 
 7. Robert de GoldhuU, 
 
 8. The same, 
 
 9. William de Tidderington 
 9. Thomas Gloucester, 
 
 10. Walter le Spicer, 
 12. The same, 
 12. John deCoveleye, 
 12. Andrevv Pendock, 
 14. William Kingshagh, 
 
 14. Andrew Pendock, 
 
 15. William Kingshagh, 
 
 17. Andrew Pendock, 
 
 20. Adam le Hope, 
 
 21. John Duyersay, 
 
 22. William Bruyn, 
 24. John Coles, 
 27- Robert Broun, 
 
 IL 
 
 John de Norwich. 
 John Lucas. 
 John King. 
 William de Hertford. 
 John le King. 
 John King. 
 Thomas Copperich. 
 Andrew dePentoker. 
 Stephen de Maismor. 
 John King. 
 Walter le Spicer. 
 Richard Kist. 
 John de Coveley. 
 John de Coveley. 
 
 HI. 
 
 John Coggeshall. 
 John Nichfkld. 
 Walter le Spicer. 
 Richard Fisher. 
 Edmund Beverton. 
 Richard Coumbe. 
 William Hertford. 
 Walter Norfolke. 
 Walter de Wawepoll. 
 John Walshe. 
 Walter le Spicer. 
 William Cowbrigge. 
 Stephen Merciber. 
 Hugh de Albrighton. 
 John de Gloucester. 
 Roger Kingslove. 
 John de Brugge. 
 Robert de Valour. 
 Richard Gradenstok. 
 HughdeAylbrighton. 
 John Wynston. 
 John Wynston. 
 Tl>e same. 
 Richard North. 
 
 29. 
 
 Thomas Okynton, 
 
 Nicholas Cricklade. 
 
 31. 
 
 Robert Waly, 
 
 Robert Broun. 
 
 33. 
 
 William Hertford, 
 
 John Comb. 
 
 34. 
 
 Thomas Stoke, 
 
 Thomas Stiwarde. 
 
 34. 
 
 John Haleston, 
 
 William Hibberere. 
 
 36. 
 
 William Hibbererc, 
 
 Hugh Parkere. 
 
 38. 
 
 The same, 
 
 John de Monmouth 
 
 39. 
 
 John Butte, 
 
 John Elianore. 
 
 42. 
 
 Thomas Stiward, 
 
 William de Vestare. 
 
 43. 
 
 The same, 
 
 William Crooke. 
 
 45. 
 
 John Heyberere, 
 
 
 46. 
 
 William Heyberere, 
 
 Thomas Styward. 
 
 47. 
 
 The same, 
 
 John Stiward. 
 
 50. 
 
 John Auleper, 
 
 Richard Barret. 
 
 
 Richard n. 
 
 1. 
 
 William de Heyberere, 
 
 John Dowlop. 
 
 o 
 
 John Dulep, 
 
 Richard Barret. 
 
 3. 
 
 William Heyberere, 
 
 William Nightfield. 
 
 6. 
 
 John Haselton, 
 
 John Biseley. 
 
 7. 
 
 William Baret, 
 
 The same. 
 
 7. 
 
 John Hed, 
 
 Robert Pope. 
 
 8. 
 
 John Compton, 
 
 John Pope. 
 
 10. 
 
 William Crook, 
 
 The same. 
 
 12. 
 
 Stephen Pope, 
 
 The same. 
 
 13. 
 
 William Heyberere, 
 
 John Bannberry. 
 
 15. 
 
 Richard Ashe well. 
 
 John Biseley. 
 
 16. 
 
 Thomas Pope, 
 
 Simon Brock. 
 
 18. 
 
 Roger Ball, 
 
 William Scevok. 
 
 20. 
 
 Thomas Pope, 
 
 Richard Barret. 
 
 21. 
 
 John Pope, 
 
 Henry IV. 
 
 The same. 
 
 1. 
 
 Richard Barret, 
 
 Simon Brook. 
 
 3. 
 
 William Bridley, 
 
 The same. 
 
 4. 
 
 John Bisley, 
 
 Roger Balle. 
 
 8. 
 
 The same. 
 
 The same. 
 
 12. 
 
 The same, 
 
 Henry V. 
 
 William Bridtlep. 
 
 1. 
 
 John Streynsham, 
 
 John Clipston. 
 
 o 
 
 John Bisley, 
 
 Thomas Moore. 
 
 3. 
 
 No Return. 
 
 
 5. 
 
 William Bridlep, 
 
 John Buibley. 
 
 6. 
 
 The same, 
 
 John Bisley. 
 
 7. 
 
 Robert Gilbert, 
 
 The same. 
 
 8. 
 
 Thomas Moor, 
 
 Thomas Stevens. 
 
 9. 
 
 Robert Gilbert, 
 
 Richard Dal by. 
 
 Henry
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 409 
 
 Henry VI. 
 1. Robert Gilbert, Esq. 
 
 9. John Streynsham, 
 
 3. Robert Gilbert, 
 
 4. Thomas Hewes, 
 
 8. Thomas Biseley, 
 
 9. Thomas Haraelyn, 
 1 1 . The same, 
 
 13. Thomas Hewes, 
 1.5. Tliomas Derehurst, 
 20. Thomas Stephens, 
 25. Thomas Derehurst, 
 27. The same, 
 2S. William Nottingham, 
 29. John Andreaux, 
 31. Robert Bentham, 
 33. John Andreaux, 
 38. Nicholas Hert, 
 
 Thomas Stevens. 
 The same. 
 Richard Dalby. 
 John Beisley, jun. 
 John Edwards. 
 Thomas Stevens. 
 Thomas Derehurst. 
 Richard Dalby. 
 John Andrew. 
 William Oliver. 
 John Andrew. 
 John Andreaux. 
 Henry Dod. 
 Thomas Bokeland. 
 William Eldesfeld. 
 John Dodding. 
 William Brokwood. 
 
 Edward IV. 
 
 7. John Hilley, 
 12. Alexander Colly, 
 17. Alexander Colly, 
 
 John Try. 
 The same. 
 John Farley. 
 
 N. B. All the Returns are left out of the Tower 
 from 17 Edward IV. to 1 Edward VI. 
 
 Edward VI. 
 1. Thomas Bell, Knt. RicliardMorgan,Recorder. 
 6. The same. The same. 
 
 1 . Thomas Payne, 
 1 . The same. 
 
 Mary I. 
 
 Thomas Loveday. 
 The same. 
 
 Philip and Mary. 
 
 1.62. Thomas Bell, Knt. William Massinger. 
 
 2.63. Arthur Porter, Esq. The same. 
 
 4. &.'). Richard Pate, Esq. Thomas Paine, Gent. 
 
 1. 
 
 .5. 
 13. 
 14. 
 
 27. 
 2.S. 
 31. 
 35. 
 39. 
 43. 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 Richard Pate, Es((. Nicholas Arnold, Knt. 
 The same, The same. 
 
 VV. Massinger, Gent. Thomas Atkins, Gent. 
 Tho.Scmys, Alderman, Tliomas Atkins. 
 Luke Garnons, Esq. The same. 
 
 Rich. Pate, Recorder, 
 Luke Garnons, Esq. 
 Richard Birde, Esq. 
 Wni. Oldisworth, Esq 
 The same, 
 
 The same. 
 The same. 
 The same. 
 Luke Garnons, Esq. 
 The same. 
 
 James I. 
 1. Nicholas Overbury, John Jones, Esq. Alder- 
 
 Recorder, 
 12. The same, 
 18. John Browne, Esq. 
 
 Alderman, 
 21. The same. 
 
 man. 
 Christoph. Caple, Alderm. 
 Anthony Robinson, Gent. 
 
 The same. 
 
 Charles L 
 
 1. Chiistopher Caple, 
 Esq. Alderman, 
 1 . The same, 
 3. John Browne, Esq. 
 15. Willianr Singleton, 
 l(j. Thomas Pury, Al- 
 derman, 
 
 John Browne, Esq. 
 
 The same. 
 
 John Hanbury, Es(i. 
 
 Henry Brett, Esq. 
 
 Henry Brett is said to have 
 gone to Oxford ; and 
 Jn. Ijcnthall was pro- 
 bably in his stead on 
 the Parliament side. 
 
 COMMONWEALTH PARLIAMENTS. 
 
 1654. William Lenthalj, Esq. Thomas Pury, sen. 
 
 Alderman. 
 1650". Gen. John Desborough, Thomas Pury, jun. 
 1659. James Stephens. LawrenceSingleton, 
 
 Alderman. 
 
 1660. Edward Massey, 
 
 James Stephens. 
 
 AFTER THE RESTORATION. 
 
 Charles II. 
 
 12. Edward Massey, Esq. James Stephens, Esq. 
 
 13. Edward Massey, Knt. Evan Seys, Serjeant-at- 
 31. William Cook, Esq. The same. [law. 
 
 31. Charles Barkley, Knt. The same. [bert. 
 
 32. Charles Lord Dursley, Charles Somerset, Ld Her- 
 
 James II. 
 1. John Wagstaffe, Esq. John Powell, Esq. 
 
 William HI. and Mary II. 
 
 1. DuncombeColches- William Cook, Esq. 
 
 ter, Knt. 
 
 2. William Trye, Esq. The same. 
 
 William HI. 
 
 7. William Trye, Esq. 
 10. William Rich, Bart. 
 
 12. John Bridgman, Esq. 
 
 13. James Lord Dursley, 
 
 3G 
 
 Robert Payne, Gent. 
 William Selwyn, Esq. 
 The same. 
 John Hanbury, Esq. 
 
 Anne.
 
 410 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Anne. 
 1. Rt.Hon.Jn.Howe,Esq. William Trye, Esq. 
 4. John Hanbury, Esq. William Cook, Esq. 
 7. Thomas Webb, Esq. William Cook, Esq. 
 9. The same, John Blanch, Esq. 
 
 12. John Snell, Esq. Charles Cox, Esq. 
 
 George I. 
 
 1. John Snell, Esq. Charles Cox, Esq. 
 
 9. Charles Hyett, Esq. John Snell, Esq.; and upon 
 
 his death John Howe, 
 Esq. afterwards Baron 
 of Chedworth, county 
 of Gloucester. 
 
 George II. 
 
 1. Benj. Bathurst, Esq. John Selvvyn, Esq. 
 
 8. John Selwyn, Esq. Benjamin Bathurst, Esq. 
 
 15. The same. The same. 
 
 21. The same, The same. 
 
 28. Charles Barrow, George Augustus Selvvyn. 
 
 George III. 
 
 1. Charles Barrow, 
 
 8. The same, 
 I 4. The same, 
 17. The same, 
 20. SirCha. Barrow, Bart. 
 24. The same, 
 
 30. On the death of Sir 
 
 Cha. Barrow, Bart. 
 
 31. John Webb, Esq. 
 
 George Augustus Selwyn. 
 The same. 
 The same. 
 The same. 
 John Webb, Esq. 
 The same. 
 
 John Pitt, Esq. 
 John Pitt, Esq. 
 
 35. Heni7 Howard, Esq. on deathof John Webb, Esq. 
 
 36. John Pitt, Esq. 
 42. The same, 
 
 46. On the death of 
 
 John Pitt, Esq. 
 
 47. Henry Howard, Esq. 
 
 1818. Colonel Webb. 
 
 Henry Howard, Ksq. 
 The same. 
 
 Robert Morris, Esq. 
 Robert Morris, Esq. ; 
 
 dying in 1810", 
 Colonel Edward Webb. 
 Rob. DransbyCooper,Esq. 
 
 Of these the most celebrated was George Augustus Selwyn, of eccentric fame; 
 though by this term celebrated no disrespect is of course intended to numerous 
 excellent men, who declined eminence in such a form, for the best reasons. Passing 
 by his denial of himself to his father, when at the playhouse, as being told of others, 
 the following anecdotes are from authentic sources; they allude to his taste for 
 attending executions. 
 
 According to Horace Walpole^, Lady Townshend had formed a violent passion for 
 Lord Kilmarnock, one of the Pretender's adherents, though she had only seen him at 
 the bar, upon his trial. A short time before his execution, Selwyn dined with her, 
 and, not thinking her affliction so serious as she pretended, talked rather jokingly of 
 the execution. She burst into a flood of tears and rage; told him she now believed all 
 his father and mother had said of him ; and, with a thousand other reproaches, flung 
 up stairs. George coolly took Mrs, Dorcas, her woman, and made her sit down to 
 finish the bottle. "And pray. Sir," said Dorcas, "do you think my lady will be pre- 
 vailed on to let me go see the execution r I have a friend that has promised to take 
 care of me; and I can lie in the Tower the ni^ht before." 
 
 "You know (says Mr. Walpole) George never thinks hut a la t^te tranch^e [of 
 cutting oft' heads]. He came to town t'other day to have a tooth drawn, and told the 
 man that he would drop his handkerchief for the signal." 
 
 When upbra'ded by a lady with the barbarity of going to see Lord Lovat's head cut 
 off, he replied, tliat if he had been guilty of impropriety to his Lordship in that 
 respect, he had done what he could to make amends, for he had gone to see it sewed 
 on again. 
 
 V Letters — Quarterly Review for 1818, p. 127- 
 
 By
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 411 
 
 By a singular coincidence it once happened that two criminals of the names of 
 Burke and Fox were executed together. " Well, George," said the famous Edmund 
 Burke, " did you go to see us hanged ?" " No," he replied, " I never attend 
 rehearsals.'' 
 
 He is said to have sat for this City during one session of Parliament by an extraor- 
 dinary manoeuvre. Knowing that if any opponent appeared he should be in the mino- 
 rity, he brought an obscure man from London, to prevent any other person starting 
 against him, who resigned at the time agreed, and so secured the seat to his facetious 
 employer. 
 
 BAILIFFS, MAYORS, AND SHERIFFS. 
 
 T. Hen. III. Thomas Felde, 
 John Blount, or 
 Blounde, 
 1'241. William le or deSomeiy, or 
 Sumery, 
 Egeas Fisher, or Pessoner. 
 1'245. William or Walter le Su- 
 mery, 
 Roger Lenveise, or Den- 
 veise. 
 
 1248. William de Chiltenham, 
 Herbert le Mercer. 
 
 1249. William Somery, 
 Richard Francis, or Fran- 
 
 ceys. 
 12.52. John Simon, or Fitz-Sinion, 
 
 Roger Lanveise. 
 12.54. Luke Cornubiensis, 
 
 Ege Piscator. 
 1255. John Fitz-Simon, 
 
 William dc Chiltenham. 
 12C1. Robert Potcl, or Putteley, 
 
 1262. Robert Sily, or Coly. 
 
 1263. William dc Chiltenham, 
 Philip Speciane. 
 
 1269. John Payn, 
 
 Robert le Wise or Len^eise. 
 
 1270. William de Chiltenham, 
 John Cornubiensis. 
 
 The following names also occur, 
 but without dale: 
 
 Hellas Godman. 
 William Burgens. 
 
 " Richard Buri 
 
 Richard Fitz William. 
 
 Maurice Paumer, or Palmer. 
 
 Maurice Fitz-Durand, or Durant. 
 
 John Ti.xtor. 
 
 Gilbert Seisor or le Taillor. 
 
 Walter Scriptor. 
 
 Thomas Oye. 
 
 Richard Burgens, Burgensis, or 
 Burgeys". 
 
 Maurice Fitz-Durand. 
 
 Adam Croc or Crok. 
 
 Thomas Ovenat. 
 
 David Dunning. 
 
 Walter Payn. 
 
 Walter Hoch or Hoich. 
 
 William de Sandford or Standford. 
 
 Hugh Scissor or Tailor. 
 
 Walter Kentwin. 
 
 Jeffery or Walter Cuttestich. 
 
 Hugh dc Aula Regis, or Kings- 
 hall, or Kingsham. 
 
 Richard de Cellario. 
 
 Henry Dais. 
 
 John dc Goseditch. 
 
 Richard Fitz- Walter Fitz-Peter. 
 
 Egeas Fisher. 
 
 Walter Cadomor. 
 
 Robert Calvus or Bald. 
 
 Adam Wahill or Walensis. 
 
 John Rut'us or Red. 
 
 Eli;LS Palmer. 
 
 William Russel. 
 
 Ralph de Tudenham. 
 
 Hush dc Ceinter or Scirvant. 
 
 Alexander de la Broke. 
 
 geys was Hij;h Sberiflf of the County in 
 
 Hernaldus. 
 
 Roger Lacrue. 
 
 John Innoud. 
 
 John Simund, or Fitz-Roger, or 
 
 Fitz-Simund. 
 Thomas de Evesham. 
 Philip Apothecary. 
 Richard le Blund. 
 Robert de Putteley. 
 Ralph de Andovere. 
 Peter Flory. 
 Robert de Honsum. 
 Philip Speciarius or Le Spicer. 
 Walter de Saundon. 
 William Chose. 
 Richard Rufus. 
 
 The Chief Officers of the Town were 
 called Bailiffs during the Reign 
 of Edward I. and down to 
 Richard III. and they occur in 
 ancient Records in the following 
 order : 
 
 1273. Alexander de Bikenore, 
 Robert Clerk. 
 
 1274. Robert Clark, 
 William Chose. 
 
 1277. John de Draper, 
 
 Walter Sevare. 
 1283. John dc Wigornia, 
 
 Ralph Putteley. 
 1287. Walter Sevare, 
 
 William Staward. 
 
 1206 and 1207. 
 
 1288.
 
 412 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 1288. The same, 
 
 James de Langeney. 
 
 1289. Robert de Stanedish, 
 
 1290. 
 1291. 
 1292. 
 1293. 
 1294. 
 1295. 
 1296. 
 1297. 
 1298. 
 1299. 
 1300. 
 1301. 
 1302. 
 
 1303. 
 1304. 
 1305. 
 130a. 
 1307. 
 
 John de Gardino, 
 Robert de Stanedish. 
 Alexander de Bikenore, 
 Hugh le Clerk. 
 John le Draper, 
 Walter Sevare. 
 Hugh le Clerk, 
 Robert de Standish. 
 Henry de Oka or Oke, 
 Stephen Brown. 
 John Lucas, 
 William Croc. 
 Hugh le Clerk, 
 Henry le Draper. 
 Walter Sevare, 
 William de Wytfield. 
 Walter de Bikenoie, 
 Roger le Heiberare. 
 Walter de Bikenore, 
 Roger le Heiberare. 
 Roger de Heiberare, 
 Roger or Robert Lespicer. 
 Robert de Stanedish, 
 Robert Lespicer. 
 The same, 
 
 Robert Lespicer, or Apo- 
 thecary. 
 Alexander de Bikenor, 
 William de Kiouns. 
 William de Wythfield, 
 William de Hertford. 
 John Lucas, 
 William de Hertford. 
 John de la Cumbe or Combe, 
 John Norlhwyche. 
 Jiihnde la Cumbe orCombe, 
 John Northwyche. 
 
 Bailiffs in the Reign of EdwoTd 1. 
 but without date. 
 
 Henry Draper, 
 John Chose. 
 John Paniiar, 
 Alexander de Bikenore. 
 John Chedworth, 
 William de Hertford. 
 
 John Draper, 
 
 Alexander de Bikenore, 1317. 
 
 John Payn, 
 
 John le Draper. 1318. 
 
 John Payn, 
 
 John de Wigornia. 1319. 
 
 John Payn, 
 
 Alexander de Bikenore. 1320. 
 
 Alexander de Bikenore, 
 
 Germanus de Tunebrugg. 132 1 . 
 
 Alexander de Bikenore, 
 
 Robert Hauel. 1322. 
 
 Alexander de Bikenore. 
 
 Ralj)h de Potel or Putteley. 
 
 Alexander de Bikenore, 1323. 
 
 Walter Sefare. 
 
 Ralph de Potel. 1324. 
 
 John le Draper. 
 
 John le Draper, 1325. 
 
 William or Gylemin Chose. 
 
 John le Draper, 
 
 Randal or Ralfde Hamdene. 
 
 John le Draper, 1 Ed. 
 
 Alexander de Bikenore. 
 
 Philip Apothecaiy, 
 
 John de Wigornia. 9 Ed. 
 
 John de Wigornia, 
 
 Robert de Sandhurst. 
 
 John or Walter de Wigornia, 
 
 Walter Sevar. 
 
 Robert Apothecary, 
 
 Rogei' de Heyberer. 
 
 1308. Walter le Spicer, ti Ed. 
 Thomas de Bernewood. 
 
 1309. Walter le Spicer, 
 Peter de la Hulle. 
 
 1310. Peter de la Hulle, 1327. 
 Walter Lespicer or Apo- 
 thecary. 132S. 
 
 1311. Walter Lespicer, 
 Micholas de Honium. 
 
 1312. Robert de Goldhull, 1329. 
 Robert Pope. 
 
 1313. William de Marcle, 1330. 
 William de Astone. 
 
 1314. Robert de Goldhull, 1331, 
 John de Northwick. 
 
 1315. Andrew de Pendock, 1332, 
 Owen de Wyndesore. 
 
 1316. Andrew or Alexander de 1333 
 
 Pendock, 
 
 Richard de Astone. 
 
 Stephen Brown, 
 
 John le Tanner. 
 
 Andrew de Pendock, 
 
 John le Tanner. 
 
 Andiew de Pendock, 
 
 John le Tanner. 
 
 John le Tanner, 
 
 Randulph le Wheolare. 
 
 Adam de la Hulle, 
 
 Walter Lespicer. 
 
 Alexander or Andrew 
 Pendock, 
 
 Walter le Southern. 
 
 John de Boytield, 
 
 Roger Hewed or Hewet. 
 
 John de Chedworth, 
 
 Thomas Foxcote. 
 
 John de Chedworth, 
 
 William Lespicer. 
 
 Walter or William Sevare, 
 
 John Sage. 
 
 II. Robert Pope, and Ro- 
 bert de Goldhull, Friday 
 after Epiphany. 
 
 II. Andiew de Pendock, 
 and Tweyn de la Bo- 
 thalle, occur on St. An- 
 drew's day; and on the 
 Tuesday next after, this 
 Tweyn is called Audoen 
 de la Bohalle. 
 
 II. William de Aston, and 
 Edmund de Baverton or 
 Barton, some time in 
 January. 
 
 Edward de Leye, 
 
 Richard de Bromshulf. 
 
 Thomas Sevare or de 
 Severne, 
 
 William Crisp. 
 
 Joh n de Boyfield 
 
 Richard de Recevour. 
 
 Andrew de Pendock, 
 
 Ranuli)h de Wheolare. 
 
 Richard de Recevour, 
 
 John de Boyfield. 
 
 Roger Heued, 
 
 .Stephen Broun. 
 
 Richard de Recevour, 
 
 Edward le Taverner. 
 
 1334.
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 413 
 
 1334. Richard de Recevour, 
 John le Deyer. 
 
 1335. Richard Shot, 
 VVilham Briiyn or le 
 
 Gruyin. 
 
 1336. Roger Heued, 
 John de VValshe. 
 
 133*. Roger de Kingsleone, 
 John Cluet. 
 
 1338. William Crisp, 
 Robert lloiuly. 
 
 1339. William Ragoun, 
 Henry le Draper. 
 
 1340. Henry le Draper, 
 Hugh de Chew. 
 
 1341. Adam de Hope, 
 Nicholas Attedoure. 
 
 1342. William de Broyn or 
 
 Gruyn, 
 William de Kingeshaw. 
 
 1343. Henry le Draper, 
 Hugh de Chyw or Chew. 
 
 1344. Roger de Kingsleon, 
 William de Kingeshagh. 
 
 1345. Roger de Kingsleon, 
 William de Kingeshagh. 
 
 1346. William de Kingeshaw, 
 Robert de Walour. 
 
 1347. Richard Schot, 
 Henry le Drajjer. 
 
 1348. Thomas Ckcli, 
 Edmund de Chedworlh. 
 
 1349. Henry le Draper, 
 Walter de Elmore. 
 
 13.50. William de Ledene or 
 Loudene, 
 
 Thomas de Monynton. 
 13.52. William de Ledene, 
 
 Edmund de Chedworlh. 
 
 1353. William de Ledene, 
 Thomas Moynton. 
 
 1354. Roger de Heiberare, 
 Robert Lcspicer. 
 
 1355. Edmund ile Ccdworth, 
 Robert de Aston. 
 
 1356. William de Kingeshaw, 
 John Cluet. 
 
 1357. Robert de Walour, 
 Hugh le Parker. 
 
 1358. William de Kingeshaw, 
 Hugh le Parker. 
 
 1359. Thomas de Ledebiry, 
 Thomas de Stoke. 
 
 1360. Hugh le Parkere, 
 William de Tionesbury or 
 
 Trosebury. 
 
 1361. William Crocks, 
 William le Heyberare. 
 
 1362. William Heyberare, 
 Roger Crocks. 
 
 1363. William or Walter Hey- 
 
 berare, 
 William Crook. 
 1367- Thomas de Bjseley, 
 John de Aulep. 
 
 1368. Thomas de Byseley, 
 William Crook. 
 
 1369. Thomas Styward, 
 John de Elmore. 
 
 1370. Thomas Styward, 
 John de Monemouth. 
 
 1371. VVilliam Heyberare, 
 Thomas de Byseley. 
 
 1372. William Heyberare, 
 John Pope. 
 
 1374. Thomas Byseley, 
 William Foliot. 
 
 1375. Edward le Taverner, 
 Nicholas or Richard 
 
 Bridlep. 
 1377. William Heyberare, 
 
 Thomas Byseley. 
 
 John Cheverel, 
 
 Robert le Walour. 
 13/8. John Conipton, 
 
 Robert Pope. 
 1379. William Crok, 
 
 John Russeby. 
 13S0. Roger Receyvour, 
 
 Richard Ashewell. 
 
 1381. Richard Barret, 
 Richard Ashewell. 
 
 1382. Richard Barret, 
 William Wightfield. 
 
 1383. John Rusby, 
 John Poi)e. 
 
 1384. William Heyberare. 
 Wdliam Crook. 
 
 1385. William Crok, 
 Roger Receyvour. 
 
 1387. John Heued, 
 
 Roger Receyvour. 
 
 1389. Robert Pope, 
 
 William Crook. 
 1300. Robert Pope, 
 
 John Pope. 
 
 1391. John Bannebury, 
 Robert Pope. 
 
 1392. John Rosely or Resseby, 
 Thomas Pope. 
 
 1393. John Rusby or Risley, 
 Thomas Pope. 
 
 1 395. Richard Ashwell, 
 William Crook. 
 
 1396. John Need, 
 Robert Rescevour. 
 
 1397. Roger Balle, 
 Robert Swaynsey. 
 
 :39S. William Crook, 
 Roger Balle. 
 
 1399. Robert But, 
 Simon Brok. 
 
 1400. Richard Barret, 
 John or Roger Balle. 
 
 1401. John Byeley, 
 Roa;er Balle. 
 
 1402. RoijertBut, 
 Thomas Complon. 
 
 1403. Robert Butt, 
 William Brydlep. 
 
 1404. Roger Balle, 
 Simon Brocke. 
 
 1405. Simon Brocke, 
 Thomas Compton. 
 
 1407. John Pope, 
 Simon Brocke. 
 
 1408. Thomas Compton, 
 Thomas Salisbury. 
 
 1409. Robert But, 
 William Brydlep. 
 
 1410. Roger Balle, 
 Richard Chamberlayn. 
 
 1412. Roger Balle, 
 William Brydlep. 
 
 1413. John or Robert Butte or 
 
 Balle, 
 Thomas More. 
 
 1414. John Spencer, 
 Thomas Frivelle. 
 
 1416. John Biscley, sen. 
 Roger Balle. 
 
 1417. Robert Gilhcrd, 
 John Dcrhuist. 
 
 1418.
 
 414 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 1418, 
 
 , John Streynsham, 
 
 1433. 
 
 John Hamelin, 
 
 
 Richard Skyamore. 
 
 
 Michael Salisbury. 
 
 
 John Luke. 
 
 1456. 
 
 Maurice Andrew, 
 
 1419. 
 
 Richard Chambeileyn, 
 
 1434. 
 
 John Streynsham, 
 
 
 John Kylray. 
 
 
 Thomas Hewes. 
 
 
 Thomas Hughes. 
 
 1457. 
 
 Thomas Bokeland, 
 
 14'2'i. 
 
 Roger Balle, 
 
 1436. 
 
 William Olyver, 
 
 
 John Hylley. 
 
 
 Thomas Compton. 
 
 
 Philip Monger. 
 
 1458. 
 
 Maurice Andrew, 
 
 1423. 
 
 John Bisley, 
 
 1440. 
 
 Thurston Southern, 
 
 
 John Jeolyf. 
 
 
 Richard Dalby. 
 
 
 Walter Bauknot. 
 
 1461. 
 
 John Glove, 
 
 1424. 
 
 Robert Gilbert, 
 
 1441. 
 
 William Eldesfield, 
 
 
 William Francomb. 
 
 
 John Hamelyn. 
 
 
 Walter Chauntrel or 
 
 1462. 
 
 Richard Batret, 
 
 1425. 
 
 John Bysseley, sen. 
 
 
 Chaunterell. 
 
 
 Roger Balle. 
 
 
 Richard Dalby. 
 
 1442. 
 
 William Oliver, 
 
 1463. 
 
 William Brokewood, 
 
 1426. 
 
 Thomas Guldeford, 
 
 
 Walter Bauknot. 
 
 
 William Gran or Gean 
 
 
 Henry Salisbury. 
 
 1444. 
 
 John Luke, 
 
 1464. 
 
 John Chauntrell, 
 
 1427. 
 
 William ButtelerorBoteler. 
 
 
 John Heydon. 
 
 
 John Pole, 
 
 
 Thomas Hewis or Hewes. 
 
 1445. 
 
 Walter Chauntrell, 
 
 1465. 
 
 Roger Balle, 
 
 1428. 
 
 John Streynsham, 
 
 
 William Saunders. 
 
 
 Simon Brooke. 
 
 
 Richard Dalby. 
 
 1446. 
 
 William Oliver, 
 
 1466. 
 
 Nicholas Hill, 
 
 1429. 
 
 Roger Balle, 
 
 
 Henry Dood. 
 
 
 William Perkyns. 
 
 
 Thomas Compton. 
 
 1448. 
 
 Thomas Hilley, 
 
 1474. 
 
 John Hartland, 
 
 1430. 
 
 Robert Gilbert, 
 
 
 William Newman. 
 
 
 John Farley. 
 
 
 Trustan Power. 
 
 1449. 
 
 William Nottingham, 
 
 1475. 
 
 John Barton, 
 
 1431. 
 
 John Rede, 
 
 
 Henry Dood. 
 
 
 John Caple. 
 
 
 William Olyver. 
 
 14,53. 
 
 William Eldersfield, 
 
 1476. 
 
 John Farley, 
 
 1432. 
 
 Robert Gebert, 
 
 
 Thomas Bye. 
 
 
 William Poole. 
 
 
 John Streynsham. 
 
 1455. 
 
 William Eldersfield, 
 
 1477. 
 
 John Fry. 
 
 In the first year of the reign of Richard III. the Civil Government of Gloucester 
 was altered, and by Charter of the same King it was ordained, that instead of Bailiffs, 
 a Mayor, with two Sheriffs, and other Officers, should be annually elected by the 
 twelve Aldermen and twelve other of the most legal and discreet Burgesses: — 
 
 Mayors. Sheriffs. 
 
 1483. John Trye William Francomb, John Poole. 
 
 1484. John Caple, esq Robert Cuffe or Coofe, Thomas Hart. 
 
 1485. William Francomb Robert Rawlins, Philip Pridith. 
 
 1486. John Poole William Cole, Thomas Franeford or Fairford. 
 
 1437. John Hilley James Ivie, John Elliot 
 
 1488. William Cole, mercer Walter Rowden, William Cooke. 
 
 1489. Robert Poole Thomas Aspline, Thomas Collins. 
 
 1490. Thomas Hart Ralpe Graston, John Nation. 
 
 1491. Walter Rowden, gent Robert Rawlins, William Grasewell. 
 
 1492. William Cooke Philip Pridith, VVilliam Mannion. 
 
 1493. John Caple John Cole, Garret or Gerard Vanecke. 
 
 1494. William Cole John Cooke, Philip Greenowe. 
 
 1495. Robert Rawlins Thomas Studiey, William Goldsmith. 
 
 1496. Walter Rowden James Ivie, William Hanshaw. 
 
 1497. Philip Pridith Garretor Gerard Vanecke, Thomas Taylowe orTeylowe. 
 
 1498. William Coke John Coke, David Vaughan. 
 
 1499.
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 415 
 
 Mayors, Sheriffs. 
 
 1499. Garret or Gerard Vanecke Thomas Aspline, Thomas Lane. 
 
 1500. John Caple Nicholas Elliots, Richard Rovvden. 
 
 1501. John Coke^, brewer William Hanshaw, John Hawkins. 
 
 1502. Walter Rowden Thomas Teylowe, David Vaiighan. 
 
 1503. William Hanshaw, bell-founder John Allen, jun. Thomas Herlland. 
 
 1504. William Cole John Natton, Walter Beeche. 
 
 1505. Garret or Gerard Vanecke Nicholas Elliots, Robert Plavis. 
 
 1506. Thomas Telowe orTaylowe John Norwood or Morewood, William Byford. 
 
 1507. John Coke William Smith, Ralph Sankey. 
 
 1508. William Hanshaw Richard Rowden, Robert Hawerdine. 
 
 1509. William Hanshaw Thomas Hertland, William Jordan. 
 
 1 510. John Natton John Hawkins, Ralph Holsey. 
 
 1511. Thomas Porter Ralph Sankey, William Greenow. 
 
 1 512. John Coke John Allen, jun. Thomas Osborne. 
 
 1513. Thomas Teylowe Robert Plavis, \Mlliam Hassard. 
 
 1514. Richard Rowden William Jordan, John Rowlins. 
 
 1515. William Haniliaw Ralph Halsey, John Fawkener. 
 
 1516. Ralph Sankey William Marmion, William Matthews. 
 
 1517. Thomas Hartland Walter Beeche, John Bastel. 
 
 1518. Robert Plavis Robert Hawerdine, Adam Apowel. 
 
 1519. John Coke John Rawlins, Thomas Messenger. 
 
 1520. William Hanshaw John Fawkener, John Semys. 
 
 1521. William Jordan William Hassard, Henry Marmion. 
 
 1 522. Thomas Teylowe Thomas Osborne, JefFry Todde. 
 
 1523. William Hassard John Rastel, Thomas Bell. 
 
 1524. John Rawlyns William Matthews, Henry French. 
 
 1525. John Fawkener, capper John Chapman, John Semys. 
 
 1526. Thomas Osborne Adam Apowel, Robert Pool. 
 
 1527. John Rastell Thomas Massinger, Thomas Bell. 
 
 1528. John Semys Henry Marmion, Philiji Redvyn or Redvern. 
 
 1529. William Jordan Lewis A]) Rice, Thomas Payne. 
 
 1 530. William Hassaid Robert Poole, Thomas Bell. 
 
 1531. Thomas Massinger Maurice Vaughari, John Uggons. 
 
 1532. William Mattiiews Philip Rcdyn or Redvern. Raljih or Raphael Rawlyns. 
 
 1533. Henry .Marmion Lewis Ap Rice, Thomas Browne. 
 
 1534. John Fawkener Thomas Payne, Richard Edwards, 
 
 1,535. John Semys Thomas Bell, jun. Leonard Osborne. 
 
 1536. Thomas Bell, sen Raphael Rawlyns, Thomas Clowterbuck. 
 
 1537. William Hassard Thomas Browne, Thomas Loveday. 
 
 1538. William Matthews John Uggons, John Rastel. 
 
 1539. Roiieit Poole Maurice Vaughan, William Trahern. 
 
 1540. Thomas Payne Richard Edwards, William Michel. 
 
 1541. Henry Marmion John Todd, Thomas Pury. 
 
 1542. John Fawkener Thomas Loveday, Philip Barker. 
 
 1543. Thomas Bell, jun John Rastel, William Hassard. 
 
 1544. Thomas Bell, sen Thomas Clowterbuck, John Sandtbrd. 
 
 1545. Thomas Clowterbuck Edmund Allen, William Jenkins. 
 
 1546. Thomas Loveday William Trahern, Robert Moreton. 
 
 * John Coke, and William Coke, John Trye, John Caple, John Poole, and other gentlemen of Glouccsttr, art said to 
 be mide llie first Aldermen, Justices of the Peace, and i-liief Burgesses of Gloucester and county thereof, liy Richard. 
 
 1547.
 
 416 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Mayors. Sheriffs. 
 
 1547. Raphael Rawlyns William Mitchel, William Bonde. 
 
 1548. John Rastel Thomas Pui y, Thomas RIassinger. 
 
 1 549. William Michel, draper John Sandfoid, Lewis Lysons. 
 
 1550. Thosmas Pury, mercer William Hassard, Henry Machen. 
 
 1551. John Sandford, draper Edmund Aphovvel, John Aprichard. 
 
 155'2. Thomas Payne Robert Morton, Robert Adams. 
 
 1553. Thomas Bell, knt ; . . Thomas Hide, Thomas Heathe. 
 
 1554. Thomas Bell,jmi William Jenkins, William Bonde. 
 
 1555. Thomas Loveday Henry Machen, Thomas Machen. 
 
 1556. William Bonde Laurence Singleton, Richard Cook. 
 
 1557. Robert Moreton John Aprichard, John Woodward. 
 
 155S. Henry Machen Thomas Semys, Henry King. 
 
 1 559. Thomas Hide, tanner John Kerbie, Humphrey Atkins. 
 
 1560. Thomas Pury Thomas Massingei-, Thomas Weekes or Wyks. 
 
 1561. William Bonde Laurence Singleton, William Wyman. 
 
 1562. Thomas Massinger John Woodward, William Massinger. 
 
 1563. Laurence Singleton Thomas Semys, John Webly. 
 
 1564. Thomas Hide Thomas Weekes or Wykes, Hugh Hide. 
 
 1565. Thomas Semys, clothier Luke Garnons, Richard Cugley. 
 
 1566. John Woodward, clothier William Massinger, John Kerby. 
 
 1567. Henry King, mercer John Webley, William Weale. 
 
 1568. John Kerby, clothier William Sandford, Peter Rumney. 
 
 1569. ^A'illianl Massinger, gent Luke Garnons, Thomas Francomb. 
 
 1570. Luke Garnons, draper Thomas Lane, James Morse. 
 
 1571. Thomas Weekes or Wykes Richard Cugley, Guy Symmons- 
 
 1572. Peter Rumney, clothier Thomas Machen, John Moor. 
 
 1573. Richard Cugley, baker John Smith, Henry Home. 
 
 1574. Thomas Francomb, merchant James Morse, John Rastal. 
 
 1.575. James Morse, tanner John Cowdall, Richard Coxe. 
 
 1576. John Kerby Thomas Machen, Thomas Lane. 
 
 1^77. Laurence Singleton Guy Synimons, Laurence HoUiday. 
 
 1578. Thomas Semys John Browne, Robert Walkley. 
 
 1579. Thomas Machen, mercer Thomas Best, Maurice Apowel. 
 
 1580. Thomas Lane, maltster John Cowdale, Richard Webb. 
 
 1581. John Smith, brewer Richard Cox, Waltei- Merry. 
 
 1582. Laurence Holliday, mercer John Browne, Robert Walkley. 
 
 1583. John Webley, dyer Robert Hobbs, Richard Ward. 
 
 1584. Thosma Best, gent Richard Webb, John Taylor. 
 
 15S5. William Massinger, sen John Ciely, Grumbald Hutchins. 
 
 1586. Luke Garnons Walter Nurse, Henry Hassard. 
 
 15S7. John Cowdale, tanner John Jones, John White. 
 
 1588. Thomas Machen Richard Hands, John Newman. 
 
 15S9. John Browne, mercer John Dorney, John Walkley. 
 
 1590. Richard Webb, baker John Taylor alias Cook, Grumbald Hutchins. 
 
 1591. Richard Cox, maltster Henry Hassard, Thomas Rich. 
 
 1592. Robert Walkley, mercer Walter Nuise, John Jones. 
 
 1593. John Tayloi- Howland Atkinson, John Loathingham or Luffingham. 
 
 1594. Henry Hassard, maltster Christopher Caple, John Brewster. 
 
 1595. Richard Webb, baker Thomas Rich, John Payne. 
 
 1596. Grumbald Hutchins, draper John Baugh, Nicholas Langford. 
 
 1597.
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 41 
 
 Mayors. Sheriffs. 
 
 1 597 . John Jones, gent Henry Daibye, Lawrence Wilshire. 
 
 1598. Cliristopher Caple, mercer John Brewster, John Little. 
 
 1599. Thomas Semys Thomas Barnes, John Maddock. 
 
 1600. Luke Garnons John Thorne, William Hill. 
 
 1601. Thomas Machen Henry Darbye, Lawrence Wilshire. 
 
 1602. Richard Cox Nicholas Langford, Tliomas Adams. 
 
 1603. Thomas Rich, mercer John Browne, Thomas Kerbye. 
 
 1604. Henry Hassard Edmund Clements, Robert Pettifer. 
 
 1605. Henry Darby, baker Matthew Price, Nathaniel Bishop. 
 
 1606. Lawrence Wilshire, clothier Richard Smith, Jeffry Beale. 
 
 1607. John Baugh, mercer Thomas Ailams, William Lock. 
 
 ICOS. John Brewster, furrier Edmund Clements, Robert Pettifer. 
 
 1609. John Thorne, brewer Toby Bullock, Humphry Holman. 
 
 161(1. John Browne, brewer Richard Smith, Henry Browne. 
 
 1611. William Hill, mercer Thomas Field, William Price. 
 
 161*2. Thomas .Adams, clothier John Webb, John Brewster. 
 
 1613. John Ta)lor John Walton, Richard Beard. 
 
 1614. Edmund Clements, mercer Thomas Russel, Richard Hoar. 
 
 1615. Richard Sraitli, tanner Thomas Field, John Reynolds. 
 
 1616. Matthew Price, tanner Toby Bullock, Anthony Robinson. 
 
 1617. Jeffry Beale, mercer John Brewster, U illiam Liigg. 
 
 161S. John Jones Robert Bishop, \Mlliam Singleton. 
 
 1619. Ciii ibtopher Caple William Bubb, William Cajjle. 
 
 16'20. Juhn Baugh . .' John Deighton, John Gwylliam. 
 
 1621. John Browne John Hay ward, James Powell. 
 
 1622. William Hill Thomas Morse, John Scriven. 
 
 1623. Edmund Clements Henry Redvyn or Redverne, Peter Lugg. 
 
 1624. Richard Smith John Deighton, Edward Michel. 
 
 1625. John Jones John Gwilliam, John Read. 
 
 1626. Matthew Price Thomas Hill, Thomas Pury. 
 
 1 627. Richard Beard, mercer Richard Keylock, Dennis Wise. 
 
 1 628. Henry Browne Abel Angel, John Price. 
 
 1629. Anthony Robinson, esq Richard Green, Nicholas Webb. 
 
 1630 William Price Luke Nurse, Leonard Tarn. 
 
 1631. Toby Bullock Richard Window, Jasper Clutterbuck. 
 
 1632. J(jhn Brewster John Woodward, Henry Price. 
 
 1633. John Webb Nathaniel Hodges, Richard Hay ward or Haywood. 
 
 1634. John Browne Charles Hoare, Lawrence SiuL'leton. 
 
 1 635. William 1 1 ill Nicholas Webb, John Nelme." 
 
 1636. William Lugg Edward Wagstalfe, James Wood. 
 
 1637. VVilliani Singleton Anthony Edwards, Richard Grimes. 
 
 1638. William Caple John Maddock, Henry Cugley. 
 
 1639. James Powell Richaid Cugley, James Stephens. 
 
 1640. Thomas Hill .Anthony Hathway, Ednmnd Palmer. 
 
 1641. John Scriven, ironmonger Edmund Collet, John Wood. 
 
 1642. Dennis Wise Edward Wagstaffe, James Wood. 
 
 1 6-13. Nicholas Webb James Stephens, Robert Tyther. 
 
 1644. Luke Nurse Toby Jordan, John Edwards. 
 
 1645. Laurence Singleton .\nthony Edwards, Walter Lane. 
 
 16-16, Jasper Clutterbuck Thomas Piilchard, Henry Ellis. 
 
 J 11 lui7
 
 4l8 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Mayors. Sheriffs. 
 
 1647, John Maddock Thomas Pearse, Thomas Lugg. 
 
 J 648. Henry Cugley William Clark, Richard Tayler. 
 
 1649. James Ste])hens Robert Tyther, William Fowler. 
 
 1650. Anthony Edwards Henry Robins, Daniel Lysons. 
 
 1651. William Singleton John Purlewent, Thomas Witcomb. 
 
 1652. William Caple William Russell, John Singleton. 
 
 1653. Thomas Pury Robert Hill, William Bubb. 
 
 1654. Edmund Collett Thomas Cooke, James Comeline. 
 
 1655. Dennis Wise John Purlewent, Nicholas Webb. 
 
 1656. Luke Nurse, . . Jeffry Beale, John Tombs. 
 
 1657. Laurence Singleton Thomas Witcomb, William Russel. 
 
 1658. Robert Tyther John Singleton, Richard Massinger. 
 
 1659. Toby Jordan, bookseller William Scudamore, Nicholas Snell. 
 
 1660. Robert Payne John Powel, Samuel Brewster. 
 
 1661 . Thomas Peirce Thomas Yate, Thomas Price. 
 
 1662. William Russel, furrier Edward Tyther, Toby Longford. 
 
 1663. John Powel Walter Harris, Clement Dowle. 
 
 1664. Robert Fielding, M. D Robert Longden, William Hodges. 
 
 1665. Thomas Yate Isaac William, John Gythens. 
 
 1666. Thomas Price Thomas Aram, Richard Stephens. 
 
 1667. John Woodward John Rogers, John Marston. 
 
 1668. Henry Ockold, attorney John Ewins, George Tayior. 
 
 1669. John WagstafiFe Richard Broad, William Massinger. 
 
 1670. Henry Fowler Edward Tyther, Nicholas Phelps. 
 
 1671 . Henry Fowler William Lamb, Samuel Rose. 
 
 1672. Henry Norwood, esq William Jordan, John Price, 
 
 1673. William Cook, Esq Richard Stephens, Nicholas Phelps. 
 
 1674. Sir Duncomb Colchester, knt John Campion, Walter Veisey. 
 
 1675. William SeKvyn, Esq William Carsley, Richard Lane. 
 
 1676. William Russel John Bishop, Richard Bosley, 
 
 1677. Thomas Price John Marston, Samuel Rose. 
 
 1678. John Wagstaffe Benjamin Hyett, Thomas Mills, 
 
 1679. Henry Fowler John Smallwood, John Rodway. 
 
 1680. John Gythens, draper Isaac Williams, V^'illiam Phelps. 
 
 1681. John Rogers, brewer and innholder John Hill, John Wilco.\.. 
 
 16S2. John Webb (ieorge Broad, Richard Chandler. 
 
 1683. John Price Gyles Rodway, Josias Handle. 
 
 1684. William Lamb Thonnis U'ilcox, James Price. 
 
 1685. William Jordan, apothecary John Chapman, Nathaniel Cooke alias Castle. 
 
 1686. John Hill Joseph Phelph, Robert Punter, 
 
 16S7. Jolm Hill William Reeves, Isaac Lambard. 
 
 1688. Aiisehn Fowler William Reeves, Thomas Longden. 
 
 1689. William Hodgos Samuel Palmer, Benjamin Rose. 
 
 1690. Sir John Guise, Bart , Peter Haines, Thomas Webb. 
 
 1691 . Thomas Browne .Samuel Lye, John Bell, 
 
 169'2, Robert Payne, mercer Caple Payne, W illiam Nicholls. 
 
 1693. John Ewins Samuel Hayward, Samuel Burroughs. 
 
 1694. William Taylor, ironmonger Thomas Edwards, \Villiam Edwards. 
 
 1695. Thomas Longden, ironmonger Thomas Veisey, Richard Corsnett. 
 
 1696. Jolm Hyctt, mrrcer John Ciiiillim, Edmund Grcgoi y. 
 
 J 697.
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 419 
 
 Mayors. Sheriffs. 
 
 1G97. Gyles Rodway, mercer William Handle, Thomas Farley, 
 
 1 C9S. Thomas Wilcox James Furney, Thomas Field. 
 
 1699. Thomas Snell Henry Plat, Samuel Beale. 
 
 1700. Nicholas Webb Richard Massinger, John Cowdale. 
 
 1701. Thomas Webb, mercer Thomas Nicholls, Thomas Lewis. 
 
 1702. Sir Samuel Eckley, Knt Richard Partridge, Samuel Browne. 
 
 1703. Robert Payne Edmund Gregory, Nicholas Lane. 
 
 1704. John Hyett Richard Cossley, Thomas Ludlow. 
 
 1705. Samuel Lye, grocer Gabriel Harris, John White. 
 
 1706. John Bell, mercer William Branch, John Gammond. 
 
 1707. Caple Payne, mercer Edward Nichols, Daniel CoUerick. 
 
 1708. Gyles Rodway John King, Daniel Washborne. 
 
 1709. Edmund Gregory, furrier J"bn Rodway, Joshua Worrel. 
 
 1710. Caple Pavne William Haynes, Thomas Carill. 
 
 171 1. Samuel Hayward, grocer Thomas Hill, Thomas Cole. 
 
 1712. James Furney, ironmonger John Watson, Isaac Wood. 
 
 1713. Richard Green, maltster John Green, John Bonner. 
 
 1714. Samuel Brown, maltster Daniel Washbourne, John Rodway. 
 
 1715. Thomas Ludlow, draper James Gregory, John Hayward. 
 
 1716. Thomas Nicholls, plumber Richard Lewis, William Nicholls. 
 
 1717. John Bell Joshua Worrel, William Ireland. 
 
 1718. James Furney William Haynes, Edward Machcn. 
 
 1719. Richard Cossley, goldsmith Thomas Carill, John Motlow. 
 
 1720. John King, dyer Edward Stephens, Richard Cossley, jun. r 
 
 1721. Gabriel Harris, bookseller Isaac Wood, John Green. 
 
 1:22. Daniel Washborne, maltster John Hayward, Richard Lewis. 
 
 1723. John Rodway, mercer Samuel Worrel, Thomas Rogers. 
 
 1724. Richard Green Thomas Smyth, Richard Finch. 
 
 1725. Samuel Browne Thomas Hill, John Bonner. 
 
 1726. Thomas Ludlow Thomas Payne, Laurence Crump. 
 
 1727. John Selwyn, Esq John Snwll, William Bell. 
 
 1728. John King Richard Finch, John Blackwell. 
 
 1729. Thomas Carill, hosier William Nicholls, Thomas Bower. 
 
 1730. John Small, Esq Richard Cossley, Samuel Worrel. 
 
 1731. William Bell Edward Machen, Benjamin Saunders. 
 
 1732. Gabriel Harris, sen Thomas Steel, Gabriel Hanis, jun. 
 
 1733. John Selwyn Edward Stephens, Michael Bailey. 
 
 1734. John Hayward, mercer Thomas Smyth, Samuel Farmer. 
 
 1735. Richard Lewis, goldsmith Laurence Crumj), John Blackwell. 
 
 1736. Charles Selwyn, Escj Benjamin Saunders, James Herbert. 
 
 1737. Thomas Hill, apothecary Thomas Steil, John Knight. 
 
 1738. William Nicholls, tanner James Elly, William Robins. 
 
 1739. Edward Machen Thomas Ratcliff, Miles Bell. 
 
 1740. Samuel Worrel Michael Bailey, William Bell, jun. 
 
 1741. Thomas Hayward, Es<| Gabriel Harris, jun. Kichanl Webb. 
 
 1742. Richard Finch Samuel Farmer, Tliouias Branch. 
 
 1743. Lawrence Crump, upholder John Heath, Joseph Cheston. 
 
 1744. John Blackwell John Carrcll, George Worrel. 
 
 174.5. Benjamin Saunders 'asper Herbert, John Baylis. 
 
 1746. Gabriel Harris John Ki>ight, Kdw.-ud Dajlis. 
 
 1747. 
 
 •
 
 420 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTEK. 
 
 Mayors. SherifTs. 
 
 1747. Michael Daily, William Robins, William Ashnieade. 
 
 174s. William Bell William Bell, jun. Martin I.loyd. 
 
 1749. Samuel Farmer Richard Webb, John Jefferis. 
 
 1750. Lawrence Crump Thomas Branch, Thomas Price. 
 
 1751. Richard Roberts William Dimmock, William Crump. 
 
 17.^2. James Herbert Joseph Cheston, Cornelius Gardiner. 
 
 1753. Thomas Hill £dward Baylis, James Wintle. 
 
 1754. John Blackwell George Worrall, John Baylis. 
 
 1755. Thomas Hayward Martin Lloyd, Thomas Vernon. 
 
 175c. Benjamin Saunders John Jefferis, John Webb. 
 
 1757. Gabriel Harris Thomas Price, Daniel Ouarington. 
 
 1758. George Augustus Sehvyn William Crump, Benjamin Baylis. 
 
 17^9. Joseph Cheston James Wintle, Abraham Saunders. 
 
 1760. Richard Webb John Box, James Sadler. 
 
 1761. John Baylis John Webb, William Lane. 
 
 l';6'i. Edward Baylis Daniel Quarington, Benjamin Baylis. 
 
 1763. Samuel Farmer .Abraham Saunders, Moses Randall. 
 
 1764. Thomas Branch Richard Crump, William Cowcher. 
 
 1765. George Augustus Selwyn Ralph Fletcher, Richard Webb. 
 
 1766. Joseph Cheston John Box, Henry Wintle. 
 
 1767. Richard Webb James Sadler, John Bush. 
 
 1768. Edward Baylis William Lane, Thomas Weaver. 
 
 1769. John JeEFeris Moses Randall, Ralph Fletcher. 
 
 1770. John Webb Richard Crump, WiUiam Cowcher. 
 
 1771. John Baylis, Thomas Branch Richard Webb, William Middlelon. 
 
 1772. Benjamin Baylis Henry Wintle, Guy Ellis. 
 
 1773. Abraham Saunders Thomas Weaver, Charles Cole. 
 
 1774. John Jefferis John Bush, John Jefferis, jun. 
 
 1775. William Crump Samuel Colborne, John Niblett. 
 
 1776. John Webb. . , William Middleton, Guy Ellis, Edvvyn Jejnes. 
 
 1777. John Box Samuel Woodcock, John Baylis. 
 
 1778. James Sadler, Abraham Saunders Merrott Stephens, James Sadler, jun. 
 
 1779. William Lane Giles Greenaway, Shadrach Charlton. 
 
 1780. John Bush, .\braham Saunders Samuel Colborne, Thomas Harmar. 
 
 1781. Thomas Weaver John W. Jepson, Richard Cowcher. 
 
 1782. Richard Webb Edwyn Jeynes, John Read. 
 
 1783. Earl of Surrey Sir John Guise, Bart. John Ready. 
 
 1784. Samuel Colborne John Jefferis, Charles Cole. 
 
 1785. Edwyn Jeynes John Turner, John Hope. 
 
 1786. John Webb John Baylis, John Cook. 
 
 1787. Sir John Guiae, Bart John H. Olney, William Fendall. 
 
 1788. Samuel Woodcock Richard Nayler, Henry Wilton. 
 
 1789. James Sadler Elisha Sadler, Daniel Willey. 
 
 1790. Giles Greenaway Benjamin Sadler, Abraham Saunders, jun. 
 
 1791. William Middleton Thomas Commeline, Robert Morris. 
 
 1792. Thomas Weaver David A. Saunders, Bartholomew Fox. 
 
 1793. Thomas Mee John Read, John Cook. 
 
 1794. John Turner Richard Nayler, Henry Wilton. 
 
 1795. John Cook Elisha F. Sadler, Daniel Willey. 
 
 1796. John Ready William Fendall, John P. Wilton. 
 
 1797.
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 421 
 
 Mayors. Sheriffs. 
 
 1797. Samuel Colborne Benjamin Sadler, Edward Weaver. 
 
 1798. Duke of Norfolk Abraliam Saunders, Samuel Jeynes. 
 
 1799. Sir Edwyn Jeynes, Kiit Robert P. Wilton, Ebenezer King. 
 
 1800. John Jefferis Thomas Commeline, James Jelf. 
 
 1801. Samuel Woodcock David A. Saunders, John P. Wilton. 
 
 1802. James Sadler Charles Evans, Samuel Ricketts. 
 
 1803. Giles Greenaway Edward Weaver, Samuel Jeynes. 
 
 1804. Thomas Mee R. P. Wilton, William Roberts. 
 
 1805. John Turner Ebenezer King, Thomas Washbourn. 
 
 1806. Richard Nayler ' James Jelf, David Walker. 
 
 1807. Daniel Willey Samuel Ricketts, Sir B. W. Guise, Bart. 
 
 1803. David A.Saunders Charles Evans, Thomas Turner. 
 
 1809. Duke of Norfolk Thomas Washbourn, Roynon Jones. 
 
 1810. Sir Berkeley William Guise, Bart David Walker, Charles Weaver. 
 
 1811. Thomas Commeline Thomas Turner, James Wood. 
 
 1812. John Pleydell Wilton Roynon Jones, Shadrach Charleton. 
 
 1813. Edward Weaver James Wood, Thomas Probyn. 
 
 1814. Sir James Jelf, Knt. resigning, Dan. Willey Cliarles Weaver, John Phillpotts. 
 
 1815. Duke of Norfolk; d)ing, Richard Nayler. . Shadrach Charleton, Ralpli Fletcher. 
 
 1816. Thomas Washbourne John Philpots, John Baron. 
 
 ■1817. David Walker Samuel Jones, John Cooke. 
 
 1818. Ralph Fletcher, present Mayor Elisha Farmer, sadler, Henry Wilton. 
 
 HIGH STEWARDS. 
 
 1558. Marquis of Winchester. 
 16. . , temp. Jas. I. William Compton, Earl of North- 
 ampton. 
 1615. Sir Edward Coke, Lord Chief Justice. 
 1651. Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector. 
 1653. Henry Lord Cromwell. 
 1656. Richard Cromwell. 
 1660. Henry Duke of Gloucester. 
 1660-1. Henry Lord Herbert. 
 1690. Charles Earl of Macclesfield. 
 
 1694-5. Charles Lord Dursley, afterwards Earl of 
 
 Berkeley. 
 1710. James Earl of Berkeley. 
 1737. Augustus Earl of Berkeley. 
 1755. Matthew Lord Ducie. 
 1766. Frederick Augustus Earl of Berkeley. 
 Lord Henry Molyneux Howard, the present 
 
 High Steward. 
 
 The office is honorary ; some old papers 
 
 say, that he received annually live guineas. 
 
 RECORDERS. 
 
 T. Henry VIII. Thomas Lane, gent. He held some 
 offices under the .Abbey, and after the dis- 
 solution was Steward to the Dean and 
 Chapter, said to have been buried in the 
 Cathedral without memorial. 
 
 1547. ") Richard Morgan, Serjeant at Law. 5 Sept. 
 
 1552.-' 1553, he was made Chief Justice of the 
 Common Pleas. (Chronica Juridicialia, p. 
 165.) He is said, when Judge, to have ut- 
 tered opprobrious words against Bp . Hooper. 
 
 1553.
 
 42-2 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 1553. 
 1555. 
 1 556. 
 
 15SS. 
 1603. 
 1C26. 
 1038. 
 1(>6"0. 
 166'2. 
 
 167'2, 
 
 I John Pollard. 
 
 Richard Pates, Esq. a very excellent and cha- 
 ritable man, benefactor to Bartholomew's 
 and founder of Cheltenham Grammar- 
 school. See the Cathedral Epitaphs. 
 
 William Oldisvvorth, Esq. 
 
 Nicholas Overbury, Esq. ; resigning. 
 
 Sir John Bridgcman, Chief Justice of Chester. 
 
 William Lenthal, Esq. removed. 
 
 Evan Says, Serjeant at Law ; resigning. 
 
 Sir William Morton, Knt. Justice of the Com- 
 mon Pleas. 
 
 William Gregory, Esq. removed by royal man- 
 date, and by another was appointed. 
 
 1690. Chai-les Trinder, Esq. ; resigning, 
 
 1690. Sir John Somers, afterwards Lord Somers, 
 
 &c.; dying, 
 1716. Nicholas Lechmere, Esq. afterwardsChancellor 
 
 of the Duchy of Lancaster. 
 1727. Thomas Windham, Esq. ; resigning, 
 1734. Philip Lord Hardwicke, afterward Lord High 
 
 Chancellor ; &c. dying, 
 1764. The Hon. Charles Yorkc) dying, 
 1769. George Augustus Lord North, afterwards Earl 
 
 of Guildford ; resigning, 
 1792. Charles Duke of Norfolk ; dying, 
 1815. John Lord Somers ; who is the present Re- 
 corder. 
 
 TOWN CLERKS. 
 
 1537 
 
 1 .55i 
 
 1558, 
 
 1562. 
 
 1563. 
 
 1579 
 
 1695. 
 
 „ > Christopher White. 
 1 ■ J 
 
 \ Humphry Ulton. 
 
 Thomas Atkins. 
 Richard Bird, Esq. 
 
 Richard Baker, Esq. He died at Abergavenny 
 Oct. 7. 1598, and was there buried. 
 1,598. Thomas Atkins, Esq. 
 
 1603. Henry Robins, Esq. who is said to be then 
 very old and weiik. He was buried in the 
 Cathedral, near Machen's monument, with 
 the following inscription : 
 Here lyeth the body 
 
 of Henry Robins, E?q. 
 who departed this life the 11th day 
 of Nov. 1613. 
 and the following lines on a brass plate : 
 Causidicusfueram,dummemeafatasinebant, 
 Nunc meastellifero causa |)eracta foro est. 
 Tristiset indignor tu (cui licet) argue causas: 
 O quanto mitior sors mca, sorte tua est. 
 1613. William Locksmith, Esq. 
 1615. William Guys or Guise, Esq. He gave to the 
 Corporation a large silver cup or bowl, and 
 cover, doubly gilt, to remain with the 
 Mayor for the time being, for ever ; which, 
 however, was sold in 1613 to assist in 
 making good the fortifications of the city 
 against the royal army. On his death, 
 1640. John Dorney, Esq. He was removed by the 
 
 1662. 
 
 1667. 
 1674. 
 1685. 
 
 1687. 
 
 1692. 
 
 1700. 
 1719. 
 
 Commissioners appointed in the reign of 
 Charles XL for the regulation of Corpo- 
 rations, in consequence of the very active 
 part he had taken in the cause of the Par- 
 liament, and was succeeded by, 
 
 Thomas Williams, Esq. Of him see the Epi- 
 taphs in St. Mary de Crypt. 
 
 John Dorney, Esq. who was succeeded by, 
 
 John Powell, Esq. ; on whose removal, 
 
 Robert Price, Esq. Of him see Biographical 
 Account. 
 
 John Powell was re-elected. Of liini see Bio- 
 graphical account under the Grey Friars and 
 Cathedral Epitaphs. 
 
 Thomas Powell, Esq. on the resignation of 
 his brother John. He was buried in our 
 Lady's Chapel, without memorial. 
 
 John Cocks, Esq. 3 resigning, 
 
 Thomas Stephens, Esq. He was principal Re- 
 gistrar to the Bishop of Gloucester, and 
 Clerk of the Peace for the County. Dying 
 at Bristol, he was buried under the com- 
 
 Augustine's 
 
 1764. 
 
 1783. 
 1804. 
 1813. 
 
 munion table in St 
 
 there. 
 Caple Payne, Esq. 
 William Selvvyn, Esq. ; resigning, 
 Charles Tyrrel Morgan, Esq. ; dying, 
 William Fendall, Esq. dying, 
 Robert Pleydell Wilton, Esq. the 
 
 Town Clerk. 
 
 church 
 
 present 
 
 Oi
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 423 
 
 Of these, besides Judge Powell (of whom before), there was another very eminent 
 man, viz. Robert Price. 
 
 Price, Robert, an eminent Lawyer and Judge, was the son of Thomas Price, Esq. 
 of Geeler, in Denbiglisliire, and born Jan. 14, 1653. He was educated at Wrexham ; 
 from whence he removed to St. John's College, Cambridge. In 16*77 he made the 
 grand tour ; in 1G79 returned, and married a woman of fortune ; in 1 682 sat in Par- 
 liament for Weobly ; and soon after became Steward of the Queen Dowager, relict of 
 Charles H. Attorney General for South Wales, and Town Clerk of Gloucester : from 
 which last situation he was removed after the Revolution from supposed attachment to 
 the exiled family. King William, however, in 1 700, made him a Judge of Brecknock ; 
 and in 1702 Baron of the Exchequer, which he exchanged in 1720 for a seat in the 
 Common Pleas, under the hope of easier business, but his reputation brought so many 
 suitors into the Common Pleas, that he had more business than ever. He died in 
 1732, bearing the reputation of very considerable abilities, inflexible integrity, inde- 
 pendent spirit, and courage not to be bribed or intimidated ". 
 
 TRADE OF GLOUCESTER- 
 SEVERN— BERKELEY CANAL, &c.— 
 MINT, COINS, &c. 
 
 " GILDAS, in his Description of England, describes the Mouth of the Severn as one 
 channel by which foreign luxuries were imported *. The application of this passage to 
 Gloucester must, however, be considered as merely attesting the ancient navigable 
 use of the River, and (according to some op'niiovs) much injury to the City for want 
 of proper attention to a simple improvement. It has been observed, by an Engineer'^ 
 •■'that the sei)aration of the Severn, by which this island [of Olney] is formed, aHords 
 to the opulent City of (iloucester |K"rliaps far greater natural advantages for improving 
 its port than is possessed by any other mercantile place in the kingdom, and at so in- 
 considerable an expense, that the design cannot fail to be put in execution. This 
 important advantage may be efl^ected simply Ijy the erection of a lock at each end of 
 this island, called llie I'pper and Lower Partings, for kee|)ing n|) the water at a pro- 
 l)er height in the East branch of the River, which jiasses by the City of Giouccsier, 
 
 u Chalmers, XXV. 282,283. » XV. Scriptor. p. 1. ^ Mr. Mules, of Stourport. 
 
 leaviH"
 
 424. HISTORY OF (GLOUCESTER. 
 
 leaving the West branch, by Over and Maisemore, always open for the tide-way course. 
 The incalculable benefit which would evidently result from such an improvement, 
 preventing the serious damages constantly sustained by the setting-in and irresistible 
 violence of high spring-tides, would be greatly increased by the erection of a swivel 
 or turning bridge across the Severn at the West Gate of the City, sufficiently strong 
 for all purjwses. The Old Bridge [this is now removed] has been found much more 
 incommodious to trade than has been generally imagined, there being a very strong 
 current in that part of the River when the tide is out; but, by the improvement here 
 suggested, the East branch of the Severn would be rendered an unagitated, fine, 
 quiescent sheet of water, where any vessel might lie in safety, and the business of 
 lading and unlading might be performed with ease and security. The moveable 
 bridge would allow a ready passage into the interior." •= 
 
 Another plan has been to bring the Severn into one channel, near the City; but the 
 Berkeley Canal supersedes all these suggestions. 
 
 Of the Iron Trade here, mention has been already made. From the vast quanti- 
 ties of Scoricc remaining at Bollatree (Arlconhun), and places adjacent to Newent, it 
 appears that the Romans thus removed the military danger of the Forest of Dean, by 
 establishing iron works to assart it, and making Glevum the manufactory. 
 
 Cloth manufacturers also resided here in Brook street, situate upon Full brook, 
 but the want of streams for mills, as in the iron trade, no doubt occasioned the remo- 
 val to a more convenient spot. 
 
 Caj) making was also in great vogue, but the introduction of hats has long annihi- 
 lated that branch of commerce. 
 
 Upon the decline of the Clothing, John Tilsley in \626 introduced the pin manu- 
 factory, of which before''. 
 
 There were, however, various trades carried on in the City, of which little or nothing 
 is now preserved: such as Button-making, Lace-making, Silk-weaving, Tobacco-dres- 
 .sing, W' ire-drawing, and Cutlery <=. 
 
 From the year 1618 to 1637, the wages of Female Servants, were from 6s., %s., 10.v., 
 \6s. and 20.y. a Year: of Male Servants almost uniformly 33*. 4dJ 
 
 Mr. Uorney takes the following notice of the Trade of the City. 
 
 \° 1646-75 "There have been also divers changes in respect of trade; for here- 
 tofore there was a Guild-Merchant and a Mint [of which hereafter], and K. John 
 granted unto them to be free from Toll and other immunities, which Trade afterwards 
 
 «^ Nicholson"s Cambrian Traveller's Guide, col. 543, 544. '^ Fiirney. 
 
 * In the archives of the Dean and Cliapter is a MS. account by Richard Marwood, Vicar of Trinity Church, 
 of the proceeds of his living for several years ; among the entries are these : 
 
 "Rec<l of Joane Hill lodging at Cj-ssil Llord's, a button maker, for her lodging this yeare, 1637, iiiirf. 
 
 Rec'l of Margerie Wall, lodging at Abell Sparkes, a bone-lace weaver, for her hands this yeere, 1637, If'. 
 
 .•\iiother similar item of a bone-lace weaver, a female. 
 
 Will. Eldridge, a silk-weaver, is mentioned. 
 
 Recil of Rob. Wilde, lodging at Alice Heathwayes, a tobacco-dresser, for his hands this Easter, 1637, iiit'. 
 
 Cutleis and wire-drawers aie also mentioned. ' Harwood's MS. 
 
 decayed.
 
 TRADE OF GLOUCESTER, &c. 425 
 
 decayed. But of late it hath been somewhat revived by some Gentlemen who deserve 
 commendation ; and I wish some others would joyn with them in promoting' of the 
 Merchandizing trade, which is the most likely means to make this a flourishing City. 
 
 The Trade of Clothing is also at a low ebbe ; I wish that that might be set forward, 
 or some other manufacture for keeping of the poor at work ''. 
 
 That 3Ierchandizing here signified Foreign Trade (as now), not the French and 
 Scotch meaning of Shop-keeper, is plain from the following passage, under the 
 Mayoralty of Jasper Clutterbooke, Oct. 1647 : " You know, that one of the Sheriffs 
 this year, M. Henry Ellis by name, had his writ of discharge and died in his Shriev- 
 alty, but being sensible thereof, and not contented with his expressions of his love 
 to this City before, and out of his zeal to advance merchandizing therein after his 
 decease, he made some provisions for the same in his will, out of his adventure at sea, 
 thereby leaving a good example to others, and a memoriall to posterity of his publike 
 spirit, and a good affection to this place.'" 
 
 In 1649, under the Mayoralty of Henry Cugley, in his Speech concerning Unity 
 it is said, " It will advance your trading in time of peace"." 
 
 In 1651-2 under the Mayoralty of William Singleton, he says, "I would I could 
 speak as much of the ffealth of the City, as I have of the Health of it; but I must 
 acknowledge (and that with some sadnesse), that the trade of this City hath been 
 this last year under some eclipse, and some of our Citizens have been obscured ; 
 what are the true causes thereof, I shall not take the boldnesse at this time to deter- 
 mine, but I will make so bold as to acquaint you" with three severall opinions thereof, 
 and leave you to be judges thereupon. 
 
 "The first is, that many of the Gentry are much cooled in their affections to this 
 City, because it hath so constantly adhered unto, and so faithfully acted for the Parlia- 
 ment ; if this be true, there is the greater reason, that at length some recompence 
 should be made, for our great losses hyjire susteyned for the Parliament's sake. 
 
 " The second is, that when this City had lesse security, "then it had more trading, 
 and that if the Garrison might be removed from it, the ancient trade would return 
 unto it." 
 
 The fact is, that Gloucester is in certain respects unfortunately situated with regard to 
 Trade. Bristol in its direct vicinity has a most convenient access to the whole Coast 
 of South Wales. Bath and Cheltenham occupy the toy and dissipation trade ; indeed 
 the latter is a very shouldering unpleasant neighbour. It is surrounded by hills, so that 
 the trade depending on Canals is lost as to heavy goods, because a less circuitous chan- 
 nel is more favourable. The situation is so flat, that it cannot command falls of water 
 in number sufficient for Mills. For towns in such situations particular nianufac- 
 tures alone seem eligible. The only natural advantage appurtenant to Gloucester, is 
 its central situation for land carriage to South Wales, and (as is noted elsewhere) for 
 most interesting tours. 
 
 ■ Speeches, p. 21. ^ jj p. ^c;. 1 Id. p. 32. m Id. p. 54. " Id. p. 79. 
 
 3 1 The
 
 426 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 The Wine tfade is considerable, and so is the Pin Manufacture, but the rest is con- 
 tingent. Many of the Gentry reside here in the winter; and goods not to be obtained 
 in the country towns are sought here, unless in the immediate vicinity of Bath or 
 Bristol. 
 
 Gloucester has further derived some benefit from good Turnpike Roads. When 
 there was no travelling between Newent and Gloucester, but in mire up to the sad- 
 dle-girths, the former had a very considerable Market ; but upon completion of com- 
 fortable intercourse between both of these places, the Market at Gloucester entirely 
 ruined the other. 
 
 To redress the disadvantages, under which Gloucester has laboured, and in order to 
 render it susceptible of foreign trade, the Berkeley Canal was intended to open a safe 
 and easy communication with the Severn at Berkeley. It was begun in 1 794, but 
 the Canal being constructed for vessels of heavy tonnage, and being in dimension 
 70 feet wide at top, 20 feet at bottom, and 18 feet deep; the subscription was ex- 
 hausted when the work had been completed for only five miles. The length was 
 intended to be seventeen miles and a half; and no lock, from the level surface of the 
 ground, would be requisite. Twenty miles of tedious and dangerous navigation would 
 thus be saved. The evident motive is to place Gloucester upon a footing with Bris- 
 tol, as to the convenience of importation. As the tolls arising from only stone, coal, 
 and timber, were nearly trebled in eleven months, this circumstance shows, that the 
 Citv, in a dep6f\\e\\, has prospective advantages, besides those stated in the Report" of 
 the Committee of the Gloucester and Berkeley Canal Company. A Canal on an infe- 
 rior scale to Hereford was attempted in 1792, but the funds were exhausted, after it 
 had been carried seventeen miles out of thirty. 
 
 The Bell Fovndry business, which has been for a century and a half in the family 
 of Rudhall, is carried back to the 14th century. A Sugar and Glass Manufactory have 
 not succeeded, nor have others laudably attempted. 
 
 Mint. According to Archdeacon Furney, British Coins in great plenty have been 
 found here. For purposes of convenience the Anglo-Saxon Kings used to give a Stamp 
 to their subjects, and allow them the privilege of Coinage. Accordingly Anglo-Saxon 
 coins of this City exist?. Archdeacon Furney mentions one with harold rex anglo. 
 The Reverse wvlfgeat on gle. In the middle pax. ; probably alluding to the set- 
 tlement of the Crown in his father Canuld, which it was thus intended to comme- 
 morate. There are also coins (pennies) of the early Norman Kings, coined herei. 
 Whether coins were struck here before the periods mentioned, cannot be known from 
 the coins. Till Athelstan, 925, we have onl_y names of moneyers, exce])t a few coins 
 of hjs predecessors Alfred and Edward I. where we found the towns added, a practice 
 general after the time of Edward the Martyr^ King John granted a Mint. 
 
 o The advantages proposed, are, that the trade by being- direct from foreign ports, will not require the 
 expence of landing, unsliipping, warehouiing, &c. at Bristol, and thus save ri^k, delay and trouble, the 
 largest West Indiamen being able to come to Gloucester. Advantages not included in the report are self- 
 evident. P Leake, Intrcd. I7. »i Leake, 3S. ' Pinkerton on Medals, ii. S3, new edit. 
 
 The
 
 TRADE OF GLOUCESTER, &c. 427 
 
 The coin of Harold is not very rare, but valued by Pinkerton at 2/.* Of John, 
 it is said, that no English coins are found, only Irish*, but the Author once saw one of 
 this King (whether Irish or English he cannot tell) found at Horsley in this counttj, 
 in the possession of Mr. Henry Sheppard, of Barton End in that village. 
 
 When silver so increased in value that farthings could not possibly be struck of that 
 metal, those of Edward \ I. being the last, some tradesmen began to strike tokens. 
 Ill 1594 they were called in, but Queen Elizabeth having a strong aversion to a copper 
 coinage, only a few pieces were struck. In 1613 James issued royal farthing tohens 
 (not coins), as did Charles, but the vast number of counterfeits and the King's murder 
 in 1G49, put an utter stop to their currency; and the tokens of towns and tradesmen 
 again took their run, increasing prodigiously till 1672, when farthings, properly so 
 called, were first published by government"; accordingly the tokens appear of this city 
 from 1650 to 1669. Pinkerton says, " their workmanship is always utterly contempti- 
 ble, and not one purpose of taste, information, or curiosity can be drawn from them";" 
 it is certain, that one of these Gloucester tokens was issued by a man who could not 
 spell his christian name, and took for the strange device a pot on three legs. Archdea- 
 con Rudge, enumerating them, says, " another without date ; in the middle a pot on 
 three legs, and round it henory knowles >." 
 
 EMINENT NATIVES, OR INHABITANTS. 
 
 ROBERT OF GLOUCESTER was either Proctor for the Monks of Coventry 
 in the year 1212, or had a name-sake who filled that office^. Robert, says Warton, 
 wrote his Chronicle at a time when our language consisted almost entirely of monosyl- 
 lables, and before its purity or simplicity was marred by the influx of foreign phrase- 
 ology. His words are all Teutonic or radical, and frequently for twenty lines together 
 do not aflbrd five dissyllables ''. 
 
 GRE(iORY CAERVVENT, another Monk, wrote a Chronicle ^ 
 In the reign of Edward III. flourished JOHN OLNIE, a Chartreux Monk, born 
 in the Island. He was one of the literati of that age''. 
 
 •s Pinkerton on Mcdalsj p. 430. t Id. ii. '201. » Id. 103. x id. p. 104. 
 
 y Rudge, p. 46, where is a long list of them. a Chron. de Dunstable, p. C4. 
 
 l> Enquiry into the Authenticity of Rowley's Poems, p. 11. 
 c .\mong tlic Cotton .MSS. Vespas. A. V. ■' Holinshed, 11.710; III. 213. 
 
 Crowley,
 
 428 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 CROWLEY, ROBERT, a divine and poet, was born, according to Wood, in this 
 city ; Bale says, in Northamptonshire. He was entered of Magdalen College, Oxford, 
 in 1534; and after taking the degree of B. A. was elected Probationary Fellow in 
 1542. In the beginning of the reign of Edward VI. he settled in London, took a 
 house in Ely Rents, Holborn, and there exercised the trade of printer and bookseller, 
 and being, as supposed, in orders, occasionally preached. Being at the same time a 
 zealous friend to the Reformation, upon the accession of Queen Mary he went with 
 the other exiles to Frankfort, where he remained until the death of the Queen. After 
 his return to England, he had several benefices bestowed on him, among which were 
 the Archdeaconry and a Prebend in Hereford (both which he resigned in 1567), a 
 Prebend of St. Paul's, the Rectory of St. Peter le Poor, and the Vicarage of St. Giles's, 
 Cripplegate ; but he was deprived of the latter, the only preferment which he appears 
 to have held at that time (I556) for a riot in the church, because the choristers wore 
 surplices. In 1576, however, it appears that he was collated to the living of St. Lau- 
 rence Jewry, and, probably, was now more reconciled to the ceremonies and habits of 
 the church. In 1578 he was presented with the freedom of the Stationers' Company, 
 and soon after is found with the Wardens licensing books. He died June 18, 15885 
 and was buried in his former church of St. Giles's. He was, according to Bishop 
 Tanner, a person of a happy genius, an eminent preacher, and a zealous advocate for 
 the Reformation. In 1550 he printed the first edition of Pierce Plowman's Vision, 
 with a view of helping forward the Reformation by the revival of a book which exposed 
 the absurdities of Popery. He translated into popular rhyme, not only the Psalter, 
 but the Litany, with Hymns, all which he printed together in 1549. He wrote seve- 
 ral other works, now not worth regard '. 
 
 JOHN RASTELL, born here, was educated at Winchester School, from whence 
 he went to New College, became M. A. and took orders about 1555. In 1560 he 
 went abroad, and in I568 became a Jesuit, and at length Rector of the College of 
 Jesuits at Ingalstadt, where he died about 1660. He was a great opponent of Bishop 
 Jewell f. 
 
 TAYLOR, JOHN, commonl}' called the Water Poet (from being a waterman by 
 trade), was born, according to Wood, in this city, about 1580, and there educated, 
 but never went further than his Accidence. Being brought to London, he was appren- 
 ticed to a waterman ; but when only sixteen he was a seaman in the royal navy, and 
 visited many foreign countries. At home he was many years Collector, for the Lieute- 
 nant of the Tower, of the wines which were his fee from all ships which brought them 
 up the Thames ; but was at last discharged, because he would not buy the place for 
 more than it was worth. He calls himself the " King's Waterman," and the " Oueen's 
 Waterman ;" and, to encourage boats, he satirized coaches, and presented a petition 
 to James I. for the prohibition of all playhouses except that on the Bankside, that 
 the visitors of dramatic performances might be compelled to go by water. So igno- 
 
 e Chalmers, XI. 86. f Athen. O.xon. I. 306. 
 
 rant:
 
 EMINENT NATIVES, OR INHABITANTS. 429 
 
 rant in those times, or so regardless of the injustice of monopoly, were even the Minis- 
 ters, that this foolish petition, deservedly successless, was referred to a commission. 
 When the Rebellion commenced in 1642, Taylor removed to Oxford, where he was 
 much noticed for his facetiousness, and set up a victualling-house. There he wrote 
 pasquils against the Roundheads. After the garrison of Oxford had surrendered, he 
 retired to Westminster, kept a public-house in Phoenix-alley, near Long-acre, and con- 
 tinued a firm loyalist. After the King's death, he set up a sign over his door of the 
 mourning crown, but was obliged to pull it down. In lieu of it, he hung up his own 
 picture, with a silly couplet underneath. He died in l654. His works are utterly 
 destitute of mind or sentiment, being common gossip in verse ; and only readable for 
 notices of the manners of the times. He was the darling, however, of the rabble. He 
 wrote a life of " Old Parr," now certainly the most interesting of his numerous per- 
 formances?. 
 
 RICHARD CAPEL, son of Christopher Capel, an Alderman of this City, was 
 born in 1586; and after a grammatical education there, became a Commoner of 
 Alban Hall, Oxford, in 160I, and soon after was elected Demy of Magdalen College. 
 In 160<) he was made Perpetual Fellow, being then M. A. " While there," Wood 
 says, " his eminence was great, and he was resorted to by noted men, especially of 
 the Calvinist persuasion ;" and was tutor to several young men who afterwards rose to 
 high reputation, particularly Accepted Frewen, Archbishop of York, William Pemble, 
 &c. He left College on obtaining the Rectory of Eastington, and became highly 
 popular as a plain and practical preacher, and a man of exemplary life and conversa- 
 tion. In 1633, when the book of Sports on the Lord's day was ordered to be read in 
 all churches, he refused, and resigned his Rectory. He then obtained licence from the 
 Bishop of (iloucester to practise physic, which he did with much success for some 
 years, residing at Pitchconib, near Stroud, where he had an estate. In the commence- 
 ment of the Rebellion, he was called to be one of the Assembly of Divines, but did 
 not accept the offer. Wood thinks that he was restored to his benefice at this time, 
 or had another conferred upon him, which is believed to have been Pitchcombe, where 
 he died Sejit. 21, 16'56", and was there buried. Clarke informs us, that for some time 
 he attended the court of James I. until the death of Sir Thomas Overbury, who was 
 his particular friend. His works were theological ; and are now forgotten. His son, 
 Daniel Capel, was also a Divine, and, according to Walker, ejected from his livmg 
 in Ciloucestershire by the Oxford visitors. He then jjractised physic in Stroud, where 
 he died in lO'jy. He wrote a tract on Small Pox, and some others ^. 
 
 HARRIS, or HARRIES, WALTER, a learned Physician, was the son of a trades- 
 man of this city, born here about l6'47, and educated at Winchester. In l6"()6 he was 
 admitted Perpetual Fellow of New College, without the year's probation, in conse- 
 quence of being founder's kin. In 1C73 he renounced his fellowship, and went to 
 France, where at Doway or Paris he took his Doctor's degree. From the turn of 
 
 5 Chalmers, XXIX. p. 175. '' M- Vlll. IDT, 198. 
 
 the
 
 430 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 the times towards the Roman Cathohc persuasion, he had thought fit to become Pa- 
 pist, and in 1676 he returned to London, and began practice chiefly among that class 
 of religionists. In 1678, when, through Oates's plot, all persons of that persuasion 
 were ordered to leave the metropolis, he recanted again, and in 1679 wrote a pamphlet 
 entitled " A Farewell to Popery." That he had some convenient object in view cannot 
 be questioned; for on the Revolution he was appointed Physician to King William III. 
 at the recommendation of the celebrated Tillotson, possibly because the good Prelate 
 thought that the recovery of any lost sheep was an auspicious event, even though it 
 were a rotten one. He had some weight in professional estimation, having conside- 
 rable practice, and being Fellow of the College, and Censor in 1689. He used to 
 relate, that Dr. Goodall, President of the College, told him one day, that he (Dr. 
 Goodall) envied Harris more than any body else, because he was always easy in his 
 mind, and free from anxious cares. His vanity did not suffer him to see the seve- 
 rity of the satire in its bearing upon his corrupt indifference in questions of principle. 
 When he died is not known. He was indubitably an able man ; and in his "Dis- 
 sertationes Medicae" are some valuable papers on various medical topicks, and he is a 
 strong advocate for inoculation for the small-pox'. 
 
 THOMAS GREGORY was the son of John Gregory, clerk, of this place; in 1685 
 he was of Magdalen College, Oxford, afterwards Scholar of Wadham, and Lecturer 
 of Fulham. He wrote a religious work K 
 
 JAMES FORBES, descended from an honourable family in Scotland, was edu- 
 cated at Aberdeen, where he became M. A. and was admitted to the same degree at 
 Oxford, in 1654. He begun to exercise his ministry here, where he preached in the 
 Cathedral for six years, and exerted himself so much that his life was apparently in 
 danger. He was strongly persuaded by Dean Frampton to conform, but would not. 
 He died and was buried at Gloucester in I712, where he had lived for 58 years, though 
 several times imprisoned for private preaching'. 
 
 WINTLE, THOMAS, a learned Divine, and Bampton Lecturer, was born here 
 April 28, 1737, and educated chiefly in his native city. He distinguished himself at 
 school by his application and love of knowledge. From an Exhibitioner of Pembroke 
 College, Oxford, he became Scholar, Fellow, and Tutor. In 17C7 Archbishop Seeker 
 made him Rector of Wittrisham in Kent, and one of his domestic chaplains. After 
 the death of his Grace, he resided at Wittrisham, or on the small living of St. Peter's, 
 Wallingford. In I774 the Bishop of Winchester presented him to the Rectory of 
 Brightvvell, Berks, where he lived forty years, and died there July 29, 1814. Mr. 
 Wintle may be classed amongst the most eminent biblical scholars and illustrators of 
 Christianity "". 
 
 RAIKES, ROBERT, was born in 1735, and succeeded his father, as a printer, 
 and editor of the Gloucester Journal, He received a liberal education, and pros- 
 pered in trade. He formed a plan of bestowing upon the prisoners in gaols moral 
 
 i Chalmers, XVII. 181. k Athen Oxon. II. 1107. 
 
 I Granger, III. 933. m Chalmers, XXXII. p. 208. 
 
 and
 
 EMINENT NATIVES, OR INHABITANTS. 431 
 
 and religious instruction, and regular employment ; but his greatest recommendation 
 is, in conjunction with ihe late able and Rev. Mr. Stock, the institution of Sunday 
 Schools in I781. He died at Gloucester April 5, 1811, aged 75 years ". 
 
 Dr. CHESTON, once an eminent Physician of the town, published '' Pathological 
 Enquiries," and was F. R.S. 
 
 Mr. DALLAWAY (of whose learning, taste, and solid ability, the literary world 
 possesses so many specimens) was some time resident here. 
 
 Mr. DYMOCK the Hebraist, and other persons of inferior note, have been inhabi- 
 tants or natives. 
 
 MODERN GLOUCESTER. 
 
 MODERN Gloucester is merely a mutilated figure of its antique picturesque glory. 
 The statue has been stripped of its limbs, such as were various Churches, the Castle, 
 Religious Houses, Walls, &c. Only the fine bust, the Cathedral, remains partially 
 unimpaired. Any gentleman, skilful in drawing, and acquainted with the history of 
 the place, would easily restore it, with every possible accuracy ; — for instance, Mr. 
 S. Lysons, who would do it with admirable effect ; but till such a satisfactory event 
 ensues, let the following be substituted. Let any person, generally conversant in an- 
 cient objects, take a walk on a fine morning to Over, and place himself in clear com- 
 mand of the scene before him ; — let him first take the old West gate, and its zig- 
 zag parapet bridge, with Clare, Earl of Gloucester, and his suite in full armour riding 
 over it, banners and pennons flying, &c. ; to the right, or North, towering over it, a 
 majestic Norman castle, with the top of a connected tower peeping from the Barbi- 
 can ; beyond that a strong and high-embattled wall, and ditch with shelving green 
 banks ; then the arched windows of Kimbro's, the square of the Black Friars, St. 
 Owen's church, and the top of the South-CJate; from thence, across the Southgate- 
 street, the embattled wall continued, the Crypt church, and the low-roofed square ot 
 the Grey Friars, back-grounded by the Eastern wall. Before he finally leaves this 
 view, let him turn to the right distance, and behold Lanthony Priory, like a fine old 
 family-seat, emparking and bringing its suburb into rank and consequence. After 
 having formed this scene in his mind's eye, !et him look to Kingsholm, imagine the 
 Britons in their coracles upon the Severn, thcii herds of very original-looking cattle'' 
 
 n Chalmers, XXV. 4SG. 
 
 a In Dr. Whitaker's "History of Craven" are fine engravings of the original British Bull and Cow, taken 
 
 from the only herd remain! n 
 
 ° grazing
 
 432 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 grazing on the commons, their circular wattled dwellings, and the larger palace of 
 their King, which, with pantomimic speed, he must change to the Mercian Palace, 
 or King's Hall, a square stone building. He may enliven the scene by conceiving the 
 Roman soldiers, in fillibegs and short stockings, like Highlanders, passing between 
 Kingsholm and Gloucester. Then, while taking a short glance] of St. Oswald's, St. 
 Catherine's, old Bartholomew's, St. Mary de Lode, and St. Nicholas ; let, a la Broivne 
 Willis, Peter, the great bell of the Cathedral, strike the hour, with the grand effect 
 of Chaucer's "Abbey Orloge," and he will turn to see the sublime Cathedral, set in 
 squares or vacant spots, lined with innumerable Gothic windows, pinnacles, buttresses, 
 turrets, and gate-houses. Between them lie the College-green, the great cloisters, the 
 little cloisters, the infirmary garden, the Monk's garden, &c. On the West side of the 
 great cloisters, he would see the long arched range of the Refectory windows; and in 
 another part, the numerous series of the narrow lancet windows of the Dormitory on 
 high, just below the eaves; the Infirmary, a confused large building with pentices, 
 and the Guest Hall, a noble fabrick, of fine arched windows, like a church on a first- 
 floor*^. Further North-west would be a small low court, compact and harmonious, 
 the Abbot's residence, and in the distance, but connected, long low buildings for the 
 stables and offices. In short, the Abbey, a fine Palace on the one side, and the Castle, 
 a majestic fortress on the other, with all the churches, religious houses, old gates, 
 &c. would be one grand panorama in reverie; which modern harlequinade changes in a 
 moment to " Porter Brewery" in enormous capitals, an Howardian jail, as inimical to 
 the picturesque as a fortified Flemish town, and various et ceteras, enlivened only by 
 glimpses of good houses, airiness, cleanliness, and suburbs speckled with lively hand- 
 son)e dwellings, situate in fairy scenes of the exquisite English shrubbery style. 
 
 What would be the result, if the Over branch of the Severn was filled up, and the 
 lower widened as to the picturesque ? It has been very justly observed, that the view 
 is much injured by the division of the Severn into two channels, instead of one grand 
 stream. 
 
 Gloucester was also, according to Malmesbury, famous for vineyards. It has been 
 supposed, that vineyards were mere matters of ornament ; but the case is not so. 
 Howell, speaking of a nobleman's house, says, " Grapes are in such plenty, that there 
 are some bottles of wine sent every year to the King, and one Mr. Daniel, who hath 
 been long abroad, makes good store in his vintage *=." The vineyards must, therefore, 
 have supplied the place of the modern shrubberies. 
 
 ^ These descriptions are imaginary-, but taken from actual existing specimens in more than one place 
 therefore, fairly hypothetical. t-' Howell's Familiar Letters, letter 70, 7), anno 1621. 
 
 The
 
 MODERN GLOUCESTER. 433 
 
 The chief of the modern buildings is the 
 
 COUNTY HALL. 
 
 This fine edifice, which has been recently opened for pubHc business, was planned 
 by Mr. Smirke. As it is the intention of this Work to avoid architectural details, 
 unaccompanied with representations and plans, it is sufficient to observe, that the 
 front is too small to be of high characteristic notice, but sufficient to show that it is a 
 building of public consequence. In short, it is a very neat thing, in pure taste, and 
 graceful simplicity. Four elegant Ionic columns enliven a front of fine free-stone: but 
 it is plain, that the great merit lies in the interior convenience. The courts are semi- 
 circular, with galleries for the auditors: and in the Hall, at the upper end, against the 
 wall, are the royal arms, and over the doors a fine sculptured bas-relief, nearly 40 feet 
 long, representing the signature of Magna Charta by King John. At this popular 
 opinion of English liberty deriving its origin from this instrument, an Antiquary 
 must smile. It almost wholly related to the intolerable oppressions exercised in the 
 form of wardships and reliefs, not got rid of till the 12th Charles II., nor was English 
 Liberty, as to the subject's claims, placed upon a secure basis before the existence of 
 the " Bill of Rights," which takes date with the Revolution of 1688, and the accession 
 of the present family. Before the establishment of a different system, the Crown had 
 no means of subsistence but by extortion in a variety of degrading forms, which no 
 person, unacquainted with ancient records, would believe possible, but was unfortu- 
 nately indispensable. 
 
 THE COUNTY JAIL. 
 
 It is well known, that before the erection of this place upon Mr. Howard's plan, 
 and various reforms, the police of this county was of most wretched character. 
 
 In the end of the seventeenth century we find that even convicts sentenced to 
 transportation were not secured in their conveyance from the prisons by hand-cuffs, 
 chains, confinement below decks, or even a common guard ; the consequences were 
 dreadful — the murder of innocent persons who had unfortunately taken upon them- 
 selves the care of such abandoned delinquents. The following extract from an ancient 
 newspaper will sufficiently attest the scandalous negligence which then obtained : 
 
 The Exatninatlon of William Drury, oj Ufent, in the County of' Witts, Tai/lnr, 
 tahen before Isaac Burges, Etiq. one of his Majestie's Justices of the Peace for 
 the said County. 
 
 "This examinant saith,Tliat he was at the late Assizes liolden at Ciloucester indicted 
 for the felonious taking away of two pigs from , and that upon his arraign- 
 ment he was found guilty ; beg'd for the Psalm of Mercy, and read for his life. 
 
 "And this examinant further saith, that upon Friday last, the 10 of this instant 
 April, the gaoler, with six watermen assisting, forced him out of j)rison at (Gloucester, 
 
 3 K carried
 
 434 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 carried him to the water-side, and there put him into a barge, wherein were three pri- 
 soners brought from Hereford, two from Worcester, and four taken out of the gaol 
 at Gloucester ; all nine being willing to be sent away, but himself refusing, was forced 
 into the barge about six a clock Friday morning last; in which barge he this examinant 
 saith there were seven bargemen, and no more, nor any other guard upon the ten pri- 
 soners. Immediately they set forth for King-road, made within a mile of Newnham, 
 near Aust-passage, and there they lay at anchor for a fresh tide, which was upon Sa- 
 turday last. And he, this examinant saith, the bargemen being all asleep, he leaped 
 forth into the sea, in his cloaths, and swam to land; and that at the same time he saw 
 three or four more of the prisoners escape in the same manner; and that there was no 
 bustle or opposition made against them by any in the barge ; but if there had, he, this 
 examinant saith, he was resolved to have knocked them on the head, or they should 
 have done so by him, but he would have escaped, for he was resolved not to go beyond 
 sea. It is supposed that this Drury, with the other prisoners, have made this escape 
 by murthering the bargemen." "^ 
 
 At the time of the erection of the county prison, matters were no better. Mr. 
 Howard says thus : 
 
 " Oxford Circuit. — Gloucestershire — County Gaol — Gloucester Castle. No 
 
 alteration. Eight prisoners died about Christmas, 177S, of the small-pox. No proper 
 separation of the sexes, or of the Bridewell prisoners from the rest. From the Magis- 
 trates' inattention to this important point, there is the most licentious intercouse, and 
 all the endeavours of the Chaplain to promote reformation must necessarily be defeated, 
 where the most abandoned are daily encouraging the others to vice. Five or six 
 children have lately been born in this gaol. Eleven of the twenty-four felons were 
 fines, without any allowance. The clause of the Act against spirituous liquors, and 
 the Act for preserving the health of the prisoners, was not hung up. June 1, 1779', 
 Debtors iG; Felons, &c. 24. 
 
 The gaol-disease so prevailed, that the proportion was "three dead of distemper to 
 one executed f." ». 
 
 Mr. Howard's first report on this prison says: — 
 
 " County Gaol, Gloucester Castle. ^. s. d. 
 
 Gaoler. — Salary, none \j. e. his emoluments were derived from selling 
 beer, and fees.] 
 
 Fees, Debtors - - 10 10 
 
 Felons at Assize - - - - - - 017S 
 
 at Quarter Sessions - - - - 13 4 
 
 Licence, beer. 
 
 J Kingdom's lutelligencer, No. 17- April 20—27, 1663. 
 
 e Howard's Appendix to the State of the Prisons in England and Wales, &c. 4to. 1/80, p. 165. 
 
 f Sir G. 0. Paul on Prisons, p. 28. 
 
 Prisoners.
 
 MODERN GLOUCESTER. 435 
 
 Prisoners. — Allowance: debtors and fines none. 
 
 Felons, each a six-penny loaf in two days. (iaruisli - 1*. 6d. 
 
 Surgeon. — None, but on applying to a Justice. 
 
 The Castle is also one of the County Bridewells ; yet only one court for all pri- 
 soners ; and one small day-room, 12 feet by 1 1, for men and women felons. The free- 
 ward for debtors is 19 feet by 1 1 ; which having no window, part of the plaster-wall is 
 broken down for light and air. The night-room (the main) for men-felons, though 
 up many stone steps, is close and dark ; and the floor is so ruinous that it cannot be 
 washed." e 
 
 To stop this manifest grievance, an application was made to Parliament in 1784 for 
 building the present fabrick. The whole was planned and conducted in the most un- 
 exceptionable form by Sir George Onesiphorus Paul, Bart, at so trifling an expence to 
 the County as a halfpenny in the pound yearly, and that ujjon a land-tax rate not 
 equalized. Whoever knows Sir G. O. Paul will also know that what he undertakes 
 will not only be proper but excellent. — The conduct of an Howardian Jail is now too 
 common to require particular record. 
 
 The Ultra-Whigs of the present day have been successfully confuted in their 
 atteinpts to asperse the regulations of this prison, and (so base is mere party) to 
 implicate the Governor, a gentleman by profession and character, merely enforcing 
 the rules of the Magistrates. 
 
 CITY JAIL. 
 
 Mr. Howard says of this prisop, " No alteration ; only white-washed once a year." ^ 
 It is now regulated in the same meritorious form as the County Prison. 
 
 THE NATIONAL SCHOOL. 
 
 The foundation-stone of this building, which stands on the right of the London 
 Road, was laid August 3, 1S16, by the Duke of Wellington, the following Latin 
 inscription being inclosed in a bottle and deposited in the stone : 
 
 [Translation, word for word.] 
 Episcopo et Praetore Urbano The Bishop and Mayor 
 
 una cum Municipalibus together with the Corporation 
 
 Civitatis Gloucestria; of the City of Gloucester 
 
 assistentibus assisting 
 
 et Deum Opt. Max. orantibus and beseeching Almighty God 
 
 Publicum Gymnasium ut floreat, that a Publick Seminary may flourish, 
 
 in iEternam Dei gloriam, to the eternal glory of God, 
 
 S Sir G. O. Paul on Prisons, p. a9. '■ Ubi supra, p. 166. 
 
 et
 
 4-6 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 et ill Reipublicfe uberrimum commodum, and the very fruitful advantage of the State, 
 
 hunc Lapidem Angularem this Corner Stone 
 
 posuit placed 
 
 Honos Saecli, Decus Patriae, the Honour of the Age, theOrnament of his 
 
 Arthurius Arthur Country, 
 
 Dux [de] Wellington, Duke [of] Wellington, 
 
 semper invictus, always invincible, 
 
 iii. Ciilend. Augusti, on the third of the Calends of August, 
 
 Anno Gratiae iSlG '. in the Year of Grace 1816. 
 
 The School is supported by voluntary contribution, and conducted on Dr. Bell's 
 plan. 
 
 THE POOR SCHOOL. 
 
 It is situated in the Lower North-gate Street, and supported from funds bequeathed 
 by Mrs. Dorothy Cocks and John Hyett, Esq. These funds not having been before 
 applied according to the intention of the donors, and the Rev. Mr. Richard Raikes 
 having benevolently furnished the premises, 200 poor boys, under the direction of the 
 Corporation and Guardians of the Poor, are instructed in reading, writing, and ac- 
 counts. By a wise regulation the salary of the master is 63/. per annum; in conse- 
 quence of which he takes no scholars of his own. 
 
 SUNDAY SCHOOLS 
 
 exist in every parish of the City. The plan originated in Gloucester, as is more fully 
 shown in the account of Robert Raikes, Esq. 
 
 THE INFIRMARY. 
 
 Archbishop Seeker'' derives the institution of Infirmaries from Fabiola, a wealthy 
 Chiistidn widow, of a noble Roman family, who died in the time of Jerom. This is 
 not universally admitted, another primitive Christian having an equal title, viz. St. 
 Ephraim. — " Edessa having been long afflicted with a famine, he quitted his cell, 
 and, applying himself to the rich men, expostulated severely with them for sufi'ering 
 the poor to starve, while they covetously kept their riches hoarded up. He read them 
 a religious lecture upon the subject, which affected tliem so deejjly that they became 
 regardless of their riches. ' But we do not know,' said they, ' whom to trust with the 
 
 i This inscription is probably an incorrect copy, as to the Dux H'ellington, the of being only omitted 
 where the title is taken from family, as Earl Bathurst, Earl Paulet, &c. 
 k Sermons, 256— S. 
 
 distribution
 
 MODERN GLOUCESTER. 437 
 
 distribution of them, since almost every man is greedy of gain, and makes a merchaa- 
 dise and advantage to himself upon such occasions.' St. Ephrem asked them, what 
 they thought of him ? They replied, that they esteemed him a man of great integrity, 
 as he was universally thought to be. 'For your sakes, therefore,' said he, ' I will 
 undertake this work ;' and so receiving their money, he caused three hundred beds to 
 be provided, and laid in the publick porticoes, and took care of those who were sick 
 through the famine. And thus he continued to do till the famine ceased." ' 
 
 This building was erected in 17.55, under the auspices of the late Lord Botetourt 
 and the Hon. and Rev. Dr. Talbot; aivd is supported by voluntary contributions. It 
 is needless to say that the institution is so admirably conducted as to be a pattern for 
 imitation. 
 
 LUNATICK ASYLUM. 
 
 This noble building, not yet finished, stands on the left of the London road. 
 
 THEATRE. 
 
 * This is erected in the West-gate Street, on the usual plan, and is the property of 
 Mr, Watson, the manager of the Cheltenham Theatre. 
 
 THOLSEY— RICH'S SCHOOL. 
 
 Of these before, under Ancient Gloucester and Charitable Institutions. 
 
 WORKHOUSE. 
 
 By Act of Parliament in I703 a Corporation was formed, under the title of Gover- 
 nor, Deputy-governor, and Guardians of the Poor of the City of Gloucester ; and in 
 1725 an old inn, the New Bear, was purchased by subscription for the reception of 
 the paupers. In 1757, from the house being in debt, the poor were discharged; but 
 in 176'4, under the powers of a new Act, the house was again opened. Hitherto such 
 houses have been found indispensable, chiefly in check of imposition ; but as the plans 
 are imperfect '", it is advisable, in this age of false philanthropy, which has the same 
 
 1 Chalmers, vol. XIII. p. 220, 221. 
 
 '» They are imperfect in reference to instruction and out-door emjAoy. See Mr. Fellenberg's plan in the 
 Edinburgh Review. 
 
 effect
 
 438 HISTORV OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 eftect in society as spoiling children in a family, to give Mv. Xielil's upinion of the 
 •Treat pattern-house of the kind, that of Shrewsbury. "The House of industry is 
 certainly a House of Plenty, for the books every where bear record of good living and 
 the famous beeves slaughtered there. The average number in the house is 340 ; the 
 children delicate and pampered, from being accustomed to abundance and variety of 
 provisions, and comfortable rooms, very dissimilar to those of the hardy peasant, and 
 therefore ill calculated to rear up useful assistances in the employments of agricul- 
 ture. The fiirmers would prefer a race of hardy lads, inured from their infancy to 
 combat weather and temporary want, whose nerves are strong by early exertions, and 
 their understandings furnished with some knowledge of rural life." — Mr. Nield's 
 remarks (savs Owen") bear obvious and decisive weight of argument ; and they are 
 further strengthened by the following observations of the late Dr. Lettsom. " It is a 
 frequent question, 'what conduces most to health and happiness.'' The answer might 
 be, 'the two things mankind take the most care to avoid — labour and abstinence ; 
 that degree of labour which may be hard without being oppressive, and that quantity 
 of food which suffices to support nature without loading the stomach ; and hence 
 benign in its effects is the injunction of the Creator, ' in the sweat of thy face thou 
 shalt eat thy bread.' Indulgence and plenty unfit poor children for laborious situa- 
 tions, who ought by early initiation to know that hard work and hard living are the 
 natural allotments of their rank in society. At the same time let it be understood 
 that Spartan severities are not recommended, nor would they be conducive either to 
 the health or happiness of youth." " However this may be, the institution here seems 
 well adapted to prevent imposition or injury in the quotas of assessment. It is gene- 
 rally noted that the regulations for this house are extremely judicious; and the chief 
 employment is pin-making. 
 
 THE SPA p. 
 
 About one third of a mile from the Cross, on the South-east of the City, some 
 valuable springs were accidentally discovered in the year 1814, by sinking a well. The 
 water was analyzed by Mr. Accum ; and the following Table exhibits its strength, 
 together with that of Cheltenham and Leamington : 
 
 " Shrewsbury, p. 339. 
 
 o Nicholson's Cambrian Traveller's Guide, col. H89, 1190. 
 
 V This article is communicated by Mr. Counsel. 
 
 Gloucester.
 
 MODERN GLOUCESTER. 
 
 439 
 
 
 Gloucester. 
 
 Cheltenham. 
 
 Leamington. 
 
 
 Pints. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Pints. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Pints. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 
 Grains. 
 
 Grains. 
 
 Grains. 
 
 Grains. 
 
 Grains. 
 
 Grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Soda . . . . 
 
 18.25. 
 
 146.00. 
 
 22.7. 
 
 181.6 
 
 20.00000. 
 
 160.00 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesia 
 
 13-75- 
 
 110.00. 
 
 6.0. 
 
 48.0 
 
 
 
 Muriate of Soda . . . . 
 
 .J8.50. 
 
 308.00. 
 
 41.3- 
 
 330.4 
 
 53-75000. 
 
 430.00 
 
 Muriate of Magnesia . 
 
 4.75- 
 
 38.00 
 
 .... 
 
 .... 
 
 6.25000. 
 
 50.00. 
 
 Muriate of Lime . . . . 
 
 3-50. 
 
 28.00. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sulphate of Lime . . . 
 
 16.00. 
 
 128.00 
 
 2.5. 
 
 20.0 
 
 16.87500. 
 
 135.00 
 
 Carbonate of Iron . . . 
 
 2.00. 
 
 16.00. 
 
 1.5- 
 
 12.0 
 
 0. 9375 
 
 0.75 
 
 Total 
 
 96.75. 
 
 774.00 
 
 74.0. 
 
 502.0 
 
 
 Gaseous Contents. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 In Cubic Inches. 
 
 Pint. 
 
 Gallon. 
 
 Pint. 
 
 Gallon. 
 
 
 
 Carbonic Acid Gas . . 
 
 16.00. 
 
 128.00. 
 
 1.50875 
 
 12.07 
 
 0. 7500 
 
 
 Atmospheric Air . . . . 
 
 9.00 
 
 72.00. 
 
 0.15125 
 
 1.21. 
 
 
 
 Oxygene Gas 
 
 .... 
 
 
 0.81375 
 
 4.03 
 
 
 
 N. B. The Cheltenham water referred to is Thomson's strong chalybeate saline 
 water, marked N° l. The analysis has been very recently performed by Messieurs 
 Brande and Parke; that of Leamington was made by Dr. Middleton. 
 
 It thus appears that the impregnations on which the virtues of saline 
 
 CHALYBEATE WATERS DEPEND ARE MORE ABUNDANT IN THE GLOUCESTER SPA WATER 
 THAN IN ANY OTHER HITHERTO OBSERVED IN THIS COUNTRY. Its medicinal effcCtS 
 
 have fully confirmed what the chemical analysis led us to expert. It has been admi- 
 nistered in a great variety of diseases which had resisted the influence of other agents 
 with the most salutary effects 1. 
 
 A commodious boarding-house, and a spacious billiard-room, for the reception and 
 amusement of visitors, have been erecteti; and several lodging-houses are now building, 
 and will soon be completed [1S18]. Hot an<l cold baths have been made, and are 
 in great request. Shrubberies and rides are annexed ; to which, it ought to l>e added, 
 that Gloucester is capital head-quarters for interesting tours; viz. Tewkesbury Abbey, 
 Berkeley Castle, Sudeley Castle, the Cluatliing Country, the Wye Tour, Bath, and 
 
 <l Upon referring to my son, John Fosbiooke, surgeon, concerning the metlical us?s to uhich this water 
 may be applied, he observes, that it may be considered as generally stimulant, useful in nephritic and 
 calculous disorders, gastric or acidulous dyspepsia, nausea, removal of biliary obstructions, jaundice, excess 
 of biliary secretion, diseases of debility, uterine derangements, chlorosis, scorbutic affections, incipient pul- 
 monic cases, &c. 
 
 Bristol ;
 
 440 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Bristol; and conveyances to eveiy part of the kingdom. A vast number of persons 
 from various parts of the united kingdom have, by the use of the baths, been cured of 
 the most obstinate complaints, after having had recourse to every other means without 
 success. 
 
 The advantage of these springs to those who reside in Gloucester must be very 
 great, when we consider the beauty and convenience of the situation, the salubrity 
 of the air, and the extensive and picturesque views with which it abounds, together 
 with the pleasant habitations which have already been erected, the arrangements 
 which have been made for extending them, and the delightful walks and rides whicli 
 have been recently made, ornamented with trees and foreign shrubs of the most valu- 
 able kinds. 
 
 SUBURBS OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 IT would be wrong to dismiss the subject of Gloucester without noting the great 
 improvements which have taken place in the City Precincts within the memory of 
 the Author, twenty years. Numerous elegant houses, many in excellent styles of 
 architecture, and of white free-stone, adorn the Suburbs, especially on both sides of 
 the London Road, and in Barton Street, upon the rus in iirhe principle, with shrub- 
 beries, paddocks, &c. equal to the Environs of London. To estimate the extent of 
 this improvement, we ought to recollect what Martin, who wrote so recently as I759, 
 says of Gloucester. "The private buildings are in general old and irregular; and 
 the inhabitants do not make the most of their advantageous situation for trade, only 
 one manufacture, that of pin-making, being carried on with spirit ; and a sugar-work 
 lately set up by one person.'' "■ 
 
 r Nat. Hiet. Eng. 1. 357. 
 
 Tht
 
 441 
 
 THE SONG alluded to in pp. 168, 169, is peculiarly dijjieult, from the uti gram- 
 matical construction^ ; but the following Version of the Author is presented to the 
 Publick, under correction of more happy elucidation, though it will in the main be 
 found accurate. 
 
 ORIGINAL. 
 
 Quondam fuit factus festus, 
 Et vocatus ad comestus 
 Abbas Prior de Gloucestrus, 
 Cum totus familia. 
 
 Abbas ire sede sursum, 
 Et Piioris juxta ipsum ; 
 Ego semper stavi dorsum 
 Inter rascabilia. 
 
 Vinum venit sanguinatis 
 Ad Prioris et Abbatis, 
 Nihil nobis paupertatis, 
 Sed ad dives omnia. 
 
 Abbas bibit ad Prioris, 
 Date vinum ad majoris. 
 Prosit esse de minoris. 
 Si se habet gratis. 
 
 Non est bonuui sic potare, 
 Et Conventus nihil dare. 
 Qui volunt nos clamare 
 Dura in Capitula. 
 
 Surge, cito lecedamus, 
 Hostes nostros relinquamus, 
 Et cuirino jam precamus, 
 Ibimus in ciaustra. 
 
 Post completum redeamus, 
 Et currinum combibamus ; 
 Atque simul conletamiis, 
 In tanta convivia. 
 
 Elst ne ad i [dem] currino • 
 Imo, c[api]te plenum vino, 
 Ego tibi nee p[r]o[p]iuo 
 De bona concordia. 
 
 LITERAL TRANSLATION. 
 Once there was made a feast. 
 And was invited to the banquet 
 The Abbot and Prior of Gloucester, 
 With his whole retinue. 
 
 The Abbot went to the upper seat. 
 And the Prior near him ; 
 I always stood behind 
 Among the rabble. 
 
 Blood-coloured wine came 
 To the Abbot and Prior ; 
 Nothing to us poor men. 
 
 But all things to the rich. 
 
 The Abbot drank to the Prior, 
 Give wine to the superior ; 
 It is good to be an inferior 
 If he is in favour. 
 
 It is not good thus to drink, 
 .'Vnd give nothing to the Convent, 
 Who wish to accuse us 
 
 Harshly in the Chapter. 
 
 Arise, let us be going, 
 Let us leave our enemies ; 
 And after praying [for a time •>] 
 We will go into the cloister. 
 
 After complin let us return 
 And drink our round. 
 And we will collate': together 
 For so great festivals. 
 
 Is it not in the usual way ? 
 Yes, take it full of wine ; 
 I don't pledge you 
 
 In good earnestness (ironically). 
 
 » This is corrected in the stanzas printed in British Monachism, from whence proceeds the various reading in Mr 
 Ellis's Version. b Prcsumedjneaning. 
 
 t- The potation after Complin was usual. Collate was the denomination of the slight supper taken, here ustd in iroiiT 
 
 3 L Dixit
 
 442 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Dixit Abbas ad Prioris, 
 Tu es homo boni moris, 
 Quia semper in amoris 
 Mihi das consilia. 
 
 Post completum rediere, 
 Et currinum combibere, 
 Potaverunt usque Here 
 
 Prope potus prloximain] . 
 
 Prior dixit ad Abbatis, 
 Ipsi habent vinum satis ; 
 Vultis dare paupertates 
 Nostri potus omnia. 
 
 Quod nos spec tat paupertatis? 
 
 Habuit partem ; habuil satis ,; 
 
 Postquam veniet non vocatis 
 
 Ad nostra convivia. 
 
 Si nutritus d esset ; bene 
 Nee ad cibum, nee ad cene 
 Venisses pro marcis dene 
 Nisi pro precaria « 
 
 Habet turn de liic potus. 
 Quod Conventus bibit totus, 
 Et cog[n]atus et ignotus, 
 De eg[en]is s[ere]visia. 
 
 Abbas vomit, et Piioris 
 Vomis cadit super floris ; 
 Ego, pauper, steti foris, 
 Et non sum leticiSi. 
 
 Rumor venit ad Antestes, 
 Quod Abbatis fecit istis ; 
 Totum monstrat ad Mi[ni]stris 
 Qui fecit convivia. 
 
 Hoc est meum consulatis, 
 Quod utrumque deponatis 
 Et Prioris et Abbatis 
 Ad sua pilloria. 
 
 Post hoc erit castigatis ; 
 Omnis noster subjugatis, 
 Prior, Clems, et Abbatis, 
 Ne plus potent minua '. 
 
 Absit, dicit Altus Clerus, 
 Quorum bibit purum merus 
 Quod puuitur tarn severus 
 Per nostra consortia. 
 
 d Nutritus, a Monk bred up in the house : no tale-teller, 
 f So 1 translate the word from the monastic Minution. 
 
 The Abbot said to the Prior, ' 
 
 You are a man of good habits. 
 Because in affection 
 
 You give me advice. 
 
 After complin they returned 
 And drank their round. 
 They drank till they wept. 
 Near to the next bout. 
 
 The Prior said to the Abbot, 
 
 We ourselves have had wine enough ; 
 
 Do you wish to give to the poor 
 
 The rest [all orig.'] of our drink. 
 
 What are the poor to us ? 
 They have had their share, had enough ; 
 Afterwards they will come uninvited 
 To our festivals. 
 
 If he was brought up in the house ; well. 
 Neither at meals, nor supper. 
 Should he ha>e come for ten marks, 
 Unless as a reward for service. 
 
 He has then of this drink. 
 What the whole Convent drinks, 
 Relation and stranger. 
 The poor's beer. 
 
 The Abbot vomited ; and the Prior's 
 Vomiting fell upon the floor ; 
 I, a poor man, stood without. 
 And am not in joy. 
 
 Report came to the Prelates 
 That the Abbot did these things ; 
 The whole is shown to the Ministers 
 By the founder of the feast. 
 
 This is my advice. 
 That you put both 
 The Prior and Abbot 
 Into the pillory. 
 
 After this shall be chastisement ; 
 
 All our subjects. 
 
 Prior, Clergy, and Abbots, 
 
 Bleed them, thattheymay not drink more. 
 
 Forbid it, said the High Clerk, 
 That he who drinks pure wine 
 Should be punished so severely 
 In our society. 
 
 e See Du Cange. V. Precaria. 
 
 Esses
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 443 
 
 Esses non hie riotus, 
 Quod per stultus horum potus, 
 Sustineret Clerus totus 
 Pudor et scandalia. 
 
 Volunt omnes quidem jura ; 
 Quod per meum forfectura " 
 Alter nullus fert laesura, 
 Sed per sua vicia. 
 
 Sad sic instat ; in privatis 
 Bis sex marcas det Abbatis, 
 Prior denis ; et est satis 
 Ut non sit in&mia. 
 
 Placet hoc ad nos Antestes, 
 Dent ad presens nummos istis, 
 Sed si potamus, ut audistis, 
 Nunquam haberent supra. 
 
 Dixit Abbas ad Prioris, 
 Date mihi de liquoris, 
 Status erit melioris 
 Si habebit gratia. 
 
 Dixit Prior ad Abbatis, 
 Habes modo bibe satis ) 
 Non est bonum ebriatis 
 Ire post in claustra. 
 
 Unum Monachum de majorem, 
 Bonus lector et cantorem, 
 Irascatus, ad Priorem 
 Dixit ista folia. 
 
 Prior, vos non intendatis 
 Quantum sumus laboratis 
 In cantare et legatis 
 Per ista festalia. 
 
 O Abbatis et Priore, 
 Nihil datis de liquore ; 
 Non est vobis de pudore ? 
 Tu es avaricia. 
 
 Nos nee nobis nichil datis. 
 Nee Abbatem permittatis 
 Facit nostris sociatis 
 Sua curialia. 
 
 Qui Stat videt, ne cadatis 
 Multos nostros de Praelatis, 
 Sed deorsum deponatis 
 Propter avaricia. 
 
 Don't be riotous on this account, 
 Because through their foolish tippling 
 The whole Clergy might sustain 
 Shame and scandal. 
 
 All indeed desire justice ; 
 
 That for my offence 
 
 No other should sustain hurt. 
 
 But [every one pay] for his own faults. 
 
 And thus they urge ; that in private 
 The Abbot slioidd give twelve marks. 
 The Prior ten ; and this would be sufficient 
 To prevent infamy. 
 
 This pleases our Prelates, 
 
 That they should pay down the money inmiediately ; 
 But if we drink, as you have heard, 
 They should have no more. 
 
 Said the Abbot to the Prior, 
 Give me some liquor ; 
 Your condition will be better 
 If you are in favour. 
 
 Said the Prior to the .\bbot. 
 
 You have lately had drink enough ; 
 
 It is not good for drunken men 
 
 To go afterwards to the cloister. 
 
 One of the older Monks, 
 A good reader and chanter. 
 Being angiy, to the Prior 
 Said these leaves (sicj. 
 
 Prior, you do not care 
 How hard we work 
 In singing and reading 
 
 During these festivals. 
 
 Oh I Abbot and Prior, 
 You give no liquor ; 
 Are not you ashamed ? 
 
 You are avarice [itself] 
 
 You give nothing to us, or ours ; 
 Neither permit the Abbot 
 To make to his society 
 
 His usual compliments g. 
 
 Let him who stands lake heeds lest ye fall 
 Many of our Prelates, 
 But be put down lower 
 On account of avarice. 
 
 J The Prior was removed by the visiting Bishop. It was usual for the Abbot to invite some of the Monks to his 
 table every day to dinner. Propter
 
 444 
 
 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Propter cordis sticcitatis 
 Sed superbi descendatis, 
 Et sic propter pravitatis 
 Pendere inagnalia. 
 
 Rogo Deus Majestatis, 
 Qui vos fecit et creatis, 
 Ut hoc vinum quod bibatis 
 Possit vos strangulia. 
 
 Ad iioc verbum Prior cursus, 
 Furabatur sicut ursus, 
 Unam vicem atque rursus 
 Momordavit labia. 
 
 Tandem dixit ad 
 
 s'vil garc'one 
 
 Quando discus de pulmone 
 Fuit tibi gaudia. 
 
 Nunc tu es canonical is, 
 Et de nihil elevatis ; 
 Sicut Regem vis pascatia, 
 Et in major copia. 
 
 Habes justum et micheam ^, 
 Et servitiam frumenteain, 
 Unus Regis possit earn 
 Bibit cum leticia. 
 
 Nullum carnes comedetis, 
 Neque pisces perfruatis ; 
 Lacte quoque denegatis, 
 Sic te facit sobria. 
 
 Nullum tibi sit tabellani, 
 Neque tibi sit scabellum, 
 Mensa tibi sit patellum 
 
 Non babens mappalia. 
 
 Super terram sed sedebis. 
 Nee abinde removebis ; 
 Velle nolle sic raanebis 
 In hac refectoria. 
 
 Post hos dies accedatis 
 Ad Prioris et Abbatis, 
 Disciplinas assumatis, 
 
 Fac flectamus genua. 
 
 Sed devote prostematis, 
 Ac deinde lachryraatis, 
 Doi-sum nudum extendatis 
 Carnis te leticia. 
 
 I. Uucange, V. Magnolia. 
 , The translation of these two lines is very 
 the barbarous language of the original. 
 
 lubious 
 
 On account of the dryness of your heart, 
 Proud you may descend, 
 And so for your depravity 
 Va-y fine situation h. 
 
 I pray the Divine Majesty, 
 Who madfe and created you. 
 That the wine which you drink 
 May strangle you. 
 
 At this word the Prior [so] cursed. 
 Raved like a bear. 
 Once and again 
 Bit his lips. 
 
 At length he said, 
 
 and viler than a foot-boy. 
 
 When a dish of broth ' 
 Was a delight to you. 
 
 Now you are canonized, 
 And raised from nothing ; 
 As you wish, fed like a King, 
 And in greater plenty. 
 
 You [shall] have broth and bread. 
 And beer of corn, 
 A King might it 
 
 Drink with you. 
 
 You shall eat no meat. 
 
 Nor enjoy fish ; 
 
 Being also denied milk. 
 
 Thus [we shall] make you sober. 
 
 You shall have no table, 
 No form to sit upon, 
 Your table shall be your platter 
 Without a cloth. 
 
 Thus you shall sit upon the ground, 
 Nor remove from thence j 
 Volens, nolens, thus shall you stay 
 In this refectory. 
 
 After these days you may come 
 To the Prior and Abbot, 
 Receive disciplines, 
 
 [We will] make you bend your knees. 
 
 But devoutly prostrate. 
 And afterwards weeping. 
 You shall extend your naked back 
 With the joy of your flesh. 
 
 chiefly upon the sense of puimo, as meaning ptii«jen/u;/i, in 
 g See Du Cange. VMivhia. Mica. Ibl
 
 MILITARY GOVERNMENT. 
 
 445 
 
 Ibi palam confiteris 
 Quod tu male delinqueris, 
 Et sic pardoneni consequeiis 
 In nostra capitula. 
 
 Tunc proinde tu cavebis 
 Malum loqui ; sic tacebis ; 
 Praelatores non spernebb 
 Contra tuum regulam. 
 
 There you shall openly confess 
 What you have wickedly committed, 
 And so obtain paidon 
 In our Chapter. 
 
 Tlien hereafter you will be cautious 
 To speak better ; so hold your tongue. 
 So you shall not despise your rulers 
 Against your rule 1. 
 
 1 Tills is a very faithful picture of inonasticlv punishments. 
 
 CORBET'S - HISTORICAL RELATION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 MILITARY GOVERNMENT OF GLOUCESTER,' 
 
 so FAR AS CONCERNS THE CITY. 
 
 Utility of the occupation of Gloucester. — " Theseate hereof lyes in the heart of 
 the enemies country, like a forlorn hope, and is maintained not so much for its 
 owne sake, or that so much ground might lye under a Parliament power, but to di- 
 vide the Kings association, to stop his recrutes, to scatter his forces, and continually 
 to distract the designes of that army." 
 
 Preparations, 8^c. — " The ingagement of the City of Gloucester in this common 
 cause of religion and liberty, first began when the Houses of Parliament declared to 
 the Kingdome their resolution of a defensive war." 
 
 " From within the City of Gloucester one company of volunteers was added to the 
 trayned band, and some peeces of ordinance obtained from London and Bristoll, which 
 were then received with universall amazement by an inland people, though not long 
 after they grew familiar with their terrible executions ; meane while the City was open 
 on three parts at least, and had no considerable defence, onely capable thereof by 
 advantage of scituation : The citizens did mainely shew their care and affection in for- 
 tifying the Towne, a worke both expensive and tedious ; being of great comj)asse, and 
 raised from the ground. During these things the enemy came not neere our dwellings." 
 " After the famous Battaile at Edgehill, Colonell Thomas Essex marched into CJlou- 
 cester with the command of two regiments of foote, as (iovernour of the towne, but as 
 yet the Deputy-Lieutenants had the sole command of the County. Foure weekes had 
 not passed in this government but Colonell Essex was commanded to Bristoll, to secure 
 and settle that City." 
 
 " The
 
 446 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 " The City of Gloucester was againe left naked till the Earle of Stamford marched 
 hither with his regiment of foot, and two troops of horse from Hereford, the Earle 
 himselfe was comanded into the West upon his first arrivall, but his regiment designed 
 for this City, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel 1 Massie, first as Deputy Go- 
 vernour under the Lord Stamford, afterwards with the power in himselfe." 
 
 " The day after the loss of Cirencester, the town was twice summoned by Prince 
 Rupert ; Tewkesbury evacuated, and 200 foot and dragoons added to the garrison." 
 
 " The army raised in Wales by the power of the Earle of Worcester, and his son 
 the Lord Herbert, begins to appeare, is designed for Gloucester, and comes on at 
 Coford in the Forrest of Deane." 
 
 " All the strength of these parts are now driven into the walls of Gloucester, onelv 
 Barkly Castle is held still for an entercourse between us and Bristol 1. This City was 
 accounted one of the chiefe holds of the kingdome, and far from the well-spring of 
 succour, yet was there no care of a competent brigade or magazine, a common defect, 
 by which the State hath received much detriment ; that through the penury of men, 
 armes, and ammunition, remote garrisons are left in despaire, or the intention of the 
 maine army must be diverted for their relief. Our succours were yet to be raised, or 
 selected out of severall commands and come on slowly ; the people were held up by 
 false reports, and to stave off the enemy the Governour was to put the best face on a 
 bad matter. 
 
 " Meane while a great power of the Welch army advance towards Gloucester, and 
 setled at Hignham House, within two miles of the City, and began to intrench. The 
 Governour placed a guard at the Bishops house to keepe them at a distance. Sir 
 .Jerome Brett, their Major Generall, had the confidence to demand the Towne, but the 
 summons was received with scorne from a Welch brigade, and became ridiculous when 
 Prince Rupert had been twice refused, besides an inveterate hatred derived by fabu- 
 lous tradition, had passed betweene the Welch-men and the citizens of Gloucester. 
 Such slight and irrational passages prevaile much with the common people in whom 
 opinion beares rule. Those focres were said to expect Prince Rupert's approach on 
 the other side, else it cannot be imagined to what end they lay five weekes in a stink- 
 ing nest. They were basely bafled, never attempted our out-guard, never undertooke 
 the least party that issued forth." 
 
 After the defeat of the Welch forces at Highnam, Corbett thus proceeds : " Hi- 
 therto Lievtenant Colonell Massie governed the City of Gloucester by deputation from 
 the Earle of Stanford, whose returne was not expected ; wherefore the thoughts of 
 the citizens began to enquire after a Governour. They thought well of a man neare 
 home, and cast their eye upon a knowne Patriot. Neverthelesse more intelligent 
 men upon the serious review of the Cities continuall hazard, found that the necessity 
 of this place did require a tried souldier, and that such a one might possibly be found 
 faithful ; but a timorous or unskillful man must needs mine all. Wherfore they re- 
 flected on Massie, whose good services gave them also a competent assurance of his 
 fidelity ; that by the happy choice of the Citizens and the Lord General's Commission, 
 
 he
 
 MILITARY GOVERNMENT. 447 
 
 he was appointed Governour. To enable the City to defend it selfe, a foot regiment 
 was raised, by commission from Sir William Waller, out of the town men, for the major 
 part, both officers and soldiers, under the command of Colonell Henry Stephens. The 
 first intention of this regiment was to defend the Ciiy only within the walls, according 
 to the infancy of warre ; but the hard service of this place did suddenly require and 
 exact the full duty of souldiers. At this instant the City was well becalmed." 
 
 " They at Bristol 1 disclosed their feares, and gave no good presages. And when 
 that City was yeelded, Gloucester did stand alone without help and hope. The Lord 
 General's army pined away : Sir William Waller at London for a recruit: The Earle 
 of Stamford shut up within the walls of Exeter: The King's countrey reached from 
 the utmost Cornwall to the borders of Scotland, and he was able to divide his army, 
 one part for Exeter, and the other for Gloucester. 
 
 " That sudden surrender of Bristol!, which was almost beyond our feares, brought 
 forth a dark gloomy day to the City of Gloucester. — The old and carefull soldiers who 
 were unlucky in the censures of the people, upon the first arrival of the sad nevves 
 from Bristoll, vented themselves in sharp and cutted speeches, which, bursting from 
 the fulnesse of the thoughts, did imprint and pierce, were received for good prognos- 
 ticks, and repaired likewise that credit which the presumption of a conceived opinion 
 bore down, and an ordinary good behaviour could hardly raise up, but happily regained 
 by one violent and severer passage. The officers were to give in a full resolve, that 
 no place be left for an after dispute ; wherefore thev vowed never to see within the 
 gates the face of a conquering enemy. But chiefly the hearts of the people were to be 
 held up, wherefore the (jovernour appeared in publike, rode from place to place with a 
 cheerful aspect, and bearing before him no change m the sudden alteration of fortune. 
 To them that enquired into bis very thoughts, hee gave assurance of safety, concealing 
 the danger, or lessening its esteem. Fear did not beget confusion, but things were 
 transacted in a calm and constant order The presages of misery were exquisitely 
 shunned, and the least shew of distraction and weaknesse forbidden. Money, plate, 
 valuable goods, or any kind of riches were not suffered to passe the gates, but here 
 to rest as in a safe treasury, that the people might resolve upon a happy deliverance 
 or an utter destruction. Neverthelesse, whosoever was weak and fainthearted, had 
 leave to depart the City. Meane while the enemy dealt underhand, and by the medi- 
 ation of seeming friends, affectionately soUicited a surrender, with terible information 
 of our manifold losses abroad, of the rage of the King's army, and inevitable desola- 
 tion ; and withall tendred the opportunity of an accommodation between his Majesty 
 and the Citizens. The mouthes of the viler people were filled with curses against the 
 authours of our engagements. We received strange intimations of dreadful! things 
 concerning the State. Tlie whole countrey forsook us, and employed some to repre- 
 sent their desires and tliouglits of the businesse, wlio in general! liad so farre revolted 
 from themselves, as to perswade us to make our peace with the enemy, and to befoole 
 and execrate our perseverance ; for t!iey conceived the standing out of Gloucester, 
 however advantagious to the Commonwealth, yet miserable for them ; because by 
 
 the
 
 44S HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 the falling down of a great army, they expected a destruction of corn and cattle, and 
 if at last the King should not take in this place, to stoop perpetually under two bur- 
 thens, and be cast into a remedilesse condition of misery and poverty. Whereas if 
 the enemy should prevaile, they were sure to rest in the heart of the Kings Countrey, 
 farre from sjjoile and plunder, and have as free and ample trade as in time of peace. 
 The Citizens examined their own strength and grounds of perseverance ; a Common 
 Councell was held, the Officers being present, their late protestation brought to remem- 
 brance, by which they were all obliged never to act or comply with the adverse faction, 
 and upon that pretext joyntly refused the tender of peace. Neverthelesse a great num- 
 ber of the inhabitants were only not malignants, but borne up by the zeale of the rest, 
 and the souldiers power. — A few dayes respit recovered the City, and reports of a 
 sudden reliefe did reare up the spirits of the common people. No crosse, slow, or 
 doubtful! resolutions did hinder the businesse; all suspended their private cares, and the 
 women and childrren acted their parts in making up the defects of the fortifications. 
 The strength of Gloucester was no more then two regiments of foot, an hundred horse 
 with the trained bands, and a few reformadoes ; there were beside about an hundred 
 horse and dragoons from Berkeley Castle, in the whole about fifteen hundred men: 
 forty single barrels of gunpowder, with a slender artillery. The works of a large com- 
 passe, not halfe perfect ; from the South Gate Eastward almost to the North Port, 
 the City was defended with an ancient wall lined with earth to a reasonable height ; 
 thence to the North-gate, with a slender work upon a low ground, having the advan- 
 tage of a stone barn that commanded severall wayes. Upon the lower part of the 
 City, from the North to the West Gate (being a large tract of ground), there was 
 no ancient defence, but a small work newly raysed, with the advantage of marish 
 grounds without, and a line drawn within from the inner North Gate under the Col- 
 ledge wall to the Priory of St. Oswald's. From the West towards the South Gate 
 along the River-side, no more defence then the River it selfe, and the meadowes beyond 
 level 1 with the Town : from the Castle to the South Port a firme and lofty work, to 
 command the high ground in the Suburbs. The ditches narrow, but watered round. 
 In this posture did the City stand when the King's forces hovoured over the hills, and 
 now and then skirted upon the Town, before a close siege was laid : upon the tenth of 
 August they came down like a torrent, full of victory and revenge, with indignation 
 that a forlorne City should stand before them. Neverthelesse they would faine over- 
 come without bloud, and the losseof time, then pretious in their full career of victory. 
 For which end his .\Jiijesty came in person before it, that the terror of his presence 
 might prevaile with some, and the person of the King amaze the simple, and seem 
 to alter the case. Thus thev began to work, because the Mayor had answered a for- 
 mer summons from Prince Rupert, that according to his oath he kept the Town in 
 Majesties behoof; and some whisperers gave a malignant intimation that the King's 
 his presence would sway the people." 
 
 After the summons and the answer, as before given in Dorney, Corbett thus proceeds: 
 "His Majesty with all mildnesse seemed to receive this answer, onely to wonder at 
 
 our
 
 MILITARY GOVERNMENT. 449 
 
 our confidence, and whence wee expected succour, adding these words, Waller is 
 extinct, and Essex cannot come. The enemy advanced forwards into the Suburbs on 
 the East side, where they lost a commander in the first skirmish, and the rest were 
 fired out ; for upon the returne of the messengers the Suburbs on each part of the 
 City were all in a flame, which did secure and more strongly engage us, and which 
 the enemy beheld as the act of desperate rebells; for those dreadfull sights doe seeme 
 to higthen and bloud the minds of men. The next day we discovered that they had 
 begun their entrenchments on the South and East parts, the night before in the 
 shadow and shelter of the houses which the flames had not catched, within musket- 
 shot of the walls. They in the trenches plyed their worke whilest the musketteers 
 played hard on both sides. Yet our men from the walls could doe little to retard 
 their pioners, but by severall sallies with small parties fell into their trenches, beate 
 them out, gained some working-tooles, armes and prisoners, and retreated without 
 losse. Our ordnance likewise from the East Gate killed some few, and among the 
 rest a Lieutenant-colonell, and Captaine of the Queen's black Regiment, Sir Jacob 
 Ashley, was then shot in the arme, and upon severall approaches we beat of the 
 enemy, killed and wounded many. 
 
 " By that time the Welch forces under the command of Sir William Vavasour were 
 advanced to the Bishop's house, halfe a mile from the West (iate, one of our out- 
 guards by us intended to keep off the approach of the Welch, but now deserted for 
 want of men, and that nothing might be lost which we purposed to defend. Here 
 they left a sufficient guard, and passed over the river to joyne with the forces that 
 newly arrived from Worcester, who made their leager on the North-west side of the 
 City. Generall Ruthen placed his leager behind the Priory of Lanthony, on the 
 South side very neere, but sheltered from our shot by a rising ground. Sir Jacob 
 Ashley with a strong ])arty quartered in some part of the Suburbs on the East side. 
 The East and South Ports were danmied u]), and rammed with a thicknesse of earth 
 cannon proofe ; and the walls on that side from port to port were lined to the battle- 
 ments, since there wee thought to receive the maine shock. 
 
 " Three dayes after the siege laid, an hundred and fifty musketteers, commanded 
 by Cajitaiiie Gray, sallied over the workes upon tlie Woicester forces, with whom the 
 Welch had not 3'et joyned, fell into their quarters, marched up to their maine guard, 
 killed a captaine with eight or nine common souldiers, tooke five prisoners, divers 
 armes, burnt their guard, and retreated without the losse of any. Within a day after, 
 upon some suspition and kinde of intelligence that the enemies ordnance lay undisco- 
 vered in some grounds neere the North (iate, Captaine Mallery was commanded fortli 
 with a liiuulred and fifty musketiers to suqirise it; but finding none, retreated without 
 losse, having killed some, taken a few prisoners, and fired some of their quarters. 
 Upon the sixteenth of August another party of an hundred and fifty musketiers, com- 
 mandetl by Captaine Crispe^ sallied forth at the North Port, fell into their trenches 
 under the Town-wall on the East side, marched above halfe way through them, per- 
 formed gallantly, killed above an Inmdred men, as was confessed by some of the 
 
 3 M enemy,
 
 450 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 enemy, wounded many, beat them out of their workes, and by the helpe of our mus- 
 ketiers from the wall retreated without the losse of any, only two wounded after a 
 very hot skirmish for the space of halfe an houre, the cannon and musquets on both 
 sides playing most furiously. These executions put those within on a desperate 
 straine, and heated their minds with bloud. 
 
 " The enemy was indefatigable and swift in the entrenchments. The workes from 
 the South and East Gates hasted to meete each other ; their preparations seemed more 
 tedious, yet effectuall and certaine, and tended withall to save the lives of their men. 
 Wherefore they chused not a sudden storme on the lower and weaker parts of the 
 City, but rather to prepare the assault on the strongest side, yet most easy to their 
 intention ; for there only could they rayse the workes without the annoyance of the 
 water-springs that issued in the lower grounds ; there only could they make battery 
 within pistoll-shot of the walls, that wanted flankers ; and when they had once entred 
 a breach there, they were instantly possest of the highest part of the Town. On this 
 side therefore were their ordnance brought up ; and first two culverin of sixteen pound 
 bullet were planted on the East side, a little out of musket-shot, where they made 
 some store of shot, but did no execution. Next they planted three pieces of ordnance 
 of foureteene and five and twenty pound bullet upon their battery in a square redoubt 
 on the South side, and began to batter the corner point of the wall, and a brick house 
 adjoyning, where one of our men was killed, without more harme. Then they played 
 upon our ordnance mounted against their battery point blanck, and made some slight 
 breach, which was quickly stopped up with wooU-packs and cannon-baskets. By this 
 time they had drawne the trench neer the moate, where they made a kind of mine 
 to drain it, and sunk much of the water, and attempted to cast faggots into the moate, 
 but were beaten oflf by our musketiers. At severall times they shot large granadoes 
 out of their niorter-pieces ; many fell into houses and brake, but did no harme; and 
 one that fell in the street had the fuz quenched before it came to ground, was taken 
 up whole, and found to weigh threescore pound, 
 
 "After the Welch and Worcester forces came up, foure peece of ordnance were 
 drawn a good distance before the place of their leager, and one planted against the 
 Awnegate, and the sconces thereunto adjoyning. Wherefore a party of about foure 
 hundred musketiers, commanded by Major Pudsey and Captaine Gray, assisted by 
 Captaine Faulkner and Captaine Massey, sallied forth of the North Gate. Meane 
 while a lieutenant with fifty musketteers was sent over the works to give them an 
 alarm, whilst the greater party got behinde their cannon and breastworkes, fell upon 
 their maine guard, slew many officers, two canoneers with about a hundred common 
 souldiers mortally wounded, took a lieutenant with foure more prisoners, nayled their 
 cannon, and retreated with the losse only of two slaine, and about foure taken pri- 
 soners. 
 
 •' The enemy having planted three pieces of ordnance against the South side, and 
 now three more on the East side, and two more neer the East Gate within pistoll-shot 
 of the Town-wall, began a most furious battery upon the corner point, and made 
 
 above
 
 MILITARY GOVERNMENT. 451 
 
 above an hundred and fifty great shot against it, whereby the stones were sorely bat- 
 tered, but the earth wori<es stood finne. By all tliis shot only two persons were hurt, 
 for the battery was so neare that if the bullet missed the wall it flew quite over the 
 town, or lighted at randome; yet in the intervalls of the great shot after each discharge 
 our musketiers playd hard, and killed foure principall cannoneers; neither were the 
 people daunted at the noyse of cannon, which by the slender execution became so 
 contemptible that at that very time women and children wrought hard in lining the 
 walls and repairing the breaches. The enemy continued the storme by sending gra- 
 nadoes, which were guided by the hand of Providence into by-places, and sometimes 
 falling upon the houses did rend and teare the buildings, when the people within were 
 preserved. 
 
 "After ten days siege two severall parties were designed for the nayling of the 
 enemes cannon. These were commanded to fall into the trenches and march on till 
 they met each other. The one party, of about two hundred musketiers of the Town 
 Regiment, commanded by Captaine Stevenson and Captaine Moore, sallied forth at 
 the North (iate, to have fallen into their trenches at the East Port, but by the mistake 
 of their guide, over a marish ground and full of ditches, were brought round about to 
 Sir Jacob Ashley's quarter, where most of them came not up; only fourty musketiers 
 encountred with five colours of the enemy, slew divers of them, took two lieutenants 
 prisoners, forced back the rest, and marching a little farther, faced and fired at eight 
 colours more, and so retreated. In the retreat two troopes of the enemies horse came 
 on the reare, whom our men, facing about and charging, forced to fall back, and 
 made good their own retreat. In this distracted skirmish two of ours were killed, three 
 hurt, and a sarjeant taken prisoner. The other party, of the Lord Stanford's Regi- 
 ment, commanded by Captaine Blunt and Captaine White, sallied by boat down the 
 River on the South part of the Town towards the maine leagre, marched \ip to a 
 square redoubt (our cannon in the mean while playing ujjon the houses in the Sub- 
 urbs), beat them thence, killed a major with some common souldiers, and advanced 
 to meet the other party. But the design failing, through the misguidance of the other 
 party, they were called ofl;", and by the help of our ordnance made a faire retreat 
 without losse of any, onely two wounded. 'I'lie failing of the enterprize crossed a 
 brave exploit and feasible; they might have scoured the trenches under the shelter of 
 our walls: neither did the enemy take care to prevent them, by turning the mouthes 
 of any one piece of ordnance u])on the entry of the entrenchment. Neverthelesse the 
 crosse event did much amaze them, that a small party should ruime up to their head 
 quarters, force their men, and recover back without a sensible losse. Certainely the 
 care of a higher Providence preserved and brought off those many severall parties, 
 when the vanquishing of any one of them m\ist needs run the City upon extream 
 hazard ; for our whole strength remained upon the works day and night, except the 
 reserve of a hundred and twenty men at the m'aine guard. One rare and slender rank 
 were to receive the storme without seconds; yet the safety of the whole did require 
 those frequent sallies, a desperate remedy to a despairing City ; not only to cast back 
 
 the
 
 452 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 the enemies preparations, but to amaze them, that the souldiers should be held up in 
 such heigth of resolution, and cause them to expect more hot service from within the 
 works. Our men likewise were to be kept in the heat of action, to prevent the fainting 
 of the spirits ; their hands also imbrued in bloud did the more enrage them. Nor by- 
 safer meanes could they overcome the terrour which by the reputation of the King's 
 Army might possesse their minds. The enemy were kept waking by continuall ala- 
 rums to waste and weary them ; and 'twas the care of the Governour to cause a perpe- 
 petuall noise, that whensoever their cannon had been silent for a while, one or two of 
 our guns gave fire to disturbe the calm, and signifie to the Country that we were yet 
 alive ; for the besiegers ever and anon scattered reports of the taking of the Town, with 
 a purpose to prevent our reliefe. All things within did presage a deliverance. The 
 sadnesse of the times did not cloud the countenance of the people ; they beheld their 
 fortunes with a clear brow, and were deliberate and chearfull in the endeavours of 
 safety. No great complainings were heard in our streets ; no discontent seized on the 
 souldiers, at other times prone to mutiny; men of suspected fidelity did not faile in 
 action; every valuable person was active in his own place; the usuall outcryes of 
 women were not then heard, the weakenesse of whose sexe was not overcome by the 
 terrible engines of warre ; and our becalmed spirits did implore Divine assistance 
 without confusion. The Governour personally performed, read}' at every turning of 
 affaires, and gracing the businesse with speech and gesture; upon the least intimation 
 of diffidence he pretended rationall hopes of successe; adding, withall, that our late 
 yeelding could not mollifie the King's Army; and if in the close we must needs be 
 lost, no surer meanes of safety then by the utmost gallantry to constraine honourable 
 conditions. 
 
 "The enemy still prepared for a general 1 storm, mean while seeking to waste our 
 magazine, which they knew must needs suddenly fayl, expended their own store, and 
 dayly acted to the terrour of the inhabitants, shooting granadoes, fire-bals, and great 
 stones out of their morter-peeces, and had now planted a battery on the South side 
 Westward, unto which the lower part of the Town was open. Thence in one night 
 they shot above twenty fiery melting hot iron bullets, some eighteen pound weight, 
 others two and twenty pound weight, which were seen to fiy through the ayre like 
 the shooting of a starre. They passed through stables and ricks of hay, where the 
 fire by the swiftnesse of the motion did not catch, and falling on the tops of houses 
 presently melted the leads, and sunk through ; but all the skill and industry of the 
 enemy could not set one house on fire. 
 
 "They still playd their great shot against the wals, and wrought hard in filling up 
 the moat with faggots and earth at the place where they battered, where also they 
 built a gallery over the head of the trench, the breadth of foure abreast, in the shelter 
 whereof they had almost vvorkt themselves over the moat. Then we found that they 
 had sunk a mine under the East Gate; whereupon the Governour commanded a 
 counter-mine in two places, but finding the springs, left off, conceiving for the same 
 reason the endeavour of the enemy to no purpose. To discover or interrupt this work, 
 
 a Serjeant
 
 MILITARY GOVERNMENT. 453 
 
 a Serjeant with five daring men were put forth at a port-hole in the dungeon at the 
 East Gate, came close to the mouth of their mine, took off tlie board that covered it, 
 and for a while viewed the miners. One of these cast in a hand-granado amongst 
 them, whilst the foure musketiers played upon them as they ran forth, and with the 
 noise of our men from the walls gave the whole leager a strong alarm, and crept in at 
 the port-hole without harm. Wherefore, discovering that the enemy, notwithstanding 
 the springs, went on with their mine, we renewed our counter-mine ; for they had 
 sunk a great depth under the moat, and extreamly toyled in drawing up the spring 
 water, till at length they had gotten under the gate that our miners could heare them 
 work under them, and did expect to spoyle them by pouring in water, or stealing out 
 their powder. 
 
 " For a remedy to this mischiefe, and withall the enemy having planted store of 
 canon-baskets within half musket-shot of the East Gate point blank, intending a bat- 
 teiy there, upon the springing of their mine, we made a very strong work crosse the 
 street, with a large trench before it, and filled it with water, intending to raise it up 
 to the eaves of the houses, and to plant some cannon there: we answered their several! 
 approaches by so many counter-works. A sconce was built upon a rising ground that 
 looked into their trenches, where we could plant foure piece of ordnance to cleare 
 within the wals a ground called the Friars Orchard Southward, and scoure their 
 flank upon their entrance at the East Gate, and so Northward. Also an inner work 
 was drawn from the South side along the middle of the Orchard, and all passages 
 stopt between that and the East Port. And to hinder their gallery we began to under- 
 mine for a place to put forth a peece of ordnance at the bottom of the wall, to batter 
 the flank thereof; which was perfected, and a saker there placed. Commanded men 
 were drawn out upon the walls, granadoes provided, and when the great gun played 
 upon the gallery, the musketiers sent plenty of shot, and cast divers granadoes into 
 their trenches; in the mean while (they firing their ordnance against the top of the 
 wall) we cut off a maine beame of the gallery with our bolt-shot. But the same day 
 the enemy had sunk a piece against the port-hole of our mine, and forced us to with- 
 draw the sakre, yet we cast them back three dayes work. 
 
 "And because all this side of the Town had no flankers, nothing did more ofTcnd 
 the enemy in their entrenchments then an old barne at a corner point near the North 
 Port, in which was mounted a peece that commanded three severall wayes, and ob- 
 liquely looked into their trenches, and oft times did good execution upon the pioners. 
 Tliis was the chiefe strength of that side, conceived the weakest part of the Town. 
 Upon the Key head an halfe moon was raysed, with a breastwork upon Seavern side 
 under the Castle, to defend an assault from those high grounds beyond the River, 
 which was ever feared by those within. 
 
 " His Majesty, constantly residing at a mile's distance, would not solemnly invite by 
 publique summons, lest hee should detract from the honour of his enterprize; never- 
 thelesse, those about him dealt underhand by sundry advertizements of the King's dis- 
 pleasure, threatnings, perswasions, and many intimations of possible grace and favour. 
 
 Some
 
 454 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Some of our neighbours in their own names desired admission to a conference, and 
 perswaded the surrender of the City, in regard of the great power and terrible me- 
 nacings of the enemy, with the small hopes and in a manner impossibility of reliefe ; 
 adding, withall, the heavy burthens under which the Countrey groaned. The Gover- 
 nour made answer, that we were sufficiently conscious of our own strength, and the 
 ground of our resolution, and that we did not think ourselves obliged to the enemy 
 for the hopes and offers of favour. These manifold perswasions made the besieged 
 more obstinate, and enabled them to understand themselves as a people worthy of 
 entreaty, a prize worth the purchase, and in no wise lost or desperate, the enemies 
 themselves being judges. 
 
 "As the souldiers within were heated with their own performance, so the enemy 
 without, being wasted in a lingering design before the houre of service came, grew 
 feeble in their own thoughts, and to us contemptible. Our common souldiers took to 
 themselves a liberty to revile, prevented and confounded the enemy with the self-same 
 language in which they were wont to abuse and scorne our party ; which contumely, 
 though it begets a more deadly hatred and desire of revenge in generous mindes, at 
 that time did deject exceedingly and debase the spirits of their private souldiers, who 
 had never performed one gallant atchievement, and to whom the sturdinesse of our 
 men was well known. The slownesse of their design in that form of a leaguer pro- 
 ceeded from the desire of saving their foot, with this presumption, that there was no 
 power to raise the siege; which confidence deceived them, till too late; for their foot, 
 after those many knocks, and the first fury spent, were not so capable of the service, 
 without the help of many tedious preparations. Wherefore, besides their mine and 
 battery, they framed great store of those unperfect and troublesome engines to assault 
 the lower parts of the City. Those engines ran upon wheels, with planks musket-proof 
 placed on the axel-tree, with holes for musket-shot, and a bridge before it, the end 
 whereof (the wheels falling into the ditch) was to rest upon our breastworks. 
 
 " Our reliefe seemed slow, and the straitnesse of the siege debarred all intelligence. 
 Only two spies which we sent out returned from Warwick, and brought newes of the 
 advance of the Lord Generall. The report of his Excellency, who then lay under a 
 cloud, did give no great assurance. The truth is, the sense of the depth of our dis- 
 tresse did not reach us : Sir William Waller, upon whom the Citizens of London cast 
 their favour, had not the reliques of an army. The General's Army crumbled away ; 
 the malignants of London fomented tumults in the City, and insurrections in Kent 
 distracted the businesse. The House of Lords voted a treaty with the King; the 
 House of Commons debated the matter. The resolution of Ciloucester turned the 
 stream, whose succour was resolved upon as the Kingdom's safety. The recruit of the 
 Army was too slow for the service. The London Trained Bands, or none, must relieve 
 us ; but could not agree who should undertake the businesse. Essex was not favoured ; 
 'out the more prudent saw that he must be the man. That none might decline the 
 service upon whom the lot fell, the shop-windows were commanded to be shut up, and 
 trading for a time suspended. The expedition was hasted in every pulpit, carried on 
 
 with
 
 MILITARY GOVERNMENT. 455 
 
 with continuall fasting and prayer; an army was framed in an instant, and marched 
 with incredible swiftnesse. Prince Rupert, with the greatest part of the King's horse, 
 drew from Gloucester to retard their march, but still appearing in the van did no more 
 then drill them along. The enemy stayed before us till the last houre, judging every 
 particle of time a great advantage, not knowing what a moment might bring forth. 
 They within, not satisfied with the former intelligence, sent out two other spies, with 
 a double signall — first, one fire on the side of a hill, to signifie their escapes, and two 
 fires on the same place if they heard good newes ; which latter was accordingly per- 
 formed and beheld by us. 
 
 "The fifth of September was appointed for a publike fast, to be kept by such as 
 might be spared from labour. This day we discovered their carriages marching from 
 the leaguer, and their horse and foot marching after; yet we were not confident of the 
 raising of the siege till the men were drawn out of the trenches, and the reer-guard 
 fired their huts. We then perceived that Ciod had sent a deliverance, and that in the 
 close of a solemn fast, as a gracious returne of prayer. 
 
 "This evening the Lord Generall came to the brow of the hills seven miles from the 
 Town, and fired a warning-piece ; but, by reason of the contrary winds, the report was 
 not heard, neither did the newes reach us that night. Wherefore we did not venture 
 upon the reere of the enemy with our slender and wearied forces, but kept as strong 
 and watchfull guards as anytime before, presuming that reliefe at hand had raised the 
 enemy, yet suspecting that in point of honour they would attempt something worthy 
 of a Royall Army. But abiding before us to the last extremity, they were driven 
 away with great confusion, after so many vowes of victory and revenge, when their 
 mines, batteries, and engines were in readinesse. This hurry preserved the Countrey 
 from injury, which by them was devoted to mine. His Majesty was forced to leave 
 the Town behinde him, and constrained to a tedious march in that tempestuous rainy 
 night; their carriages were not got up the hills till the next morning, which distrac- 
 tion was not known to us ; and the (ieneral's Army was tired with long and continuall 
 marches. The admirable care of Providence was beheld in the season of our reliefe, 
 when all things were prepared by the enemy for a generall storme ; our ammunition 
 consumed, but three single barrels of powder left in our magazine, and not so much 
 more elsewhere; in the little harm done by their cannon and morter-pieces, that sent 
 amongst us so many terrible messengers. Our lost men, taken or slain, did not 
 amount to the number of fifty, and of these but two officers were slain, Captain Har- 
 cus and the Governour's Ensign ; yet we killed of the enemy (who never ventured an 
 assault) above a thousand men, by the lowest confession. The King expended much 
 in ammunition, engines, and keeping together the discontented souldiers; besides the 
 losse of his pretious time in that full tyde of victory. Here was a bound set to the 
 swelling of those proud waves, and the rock that split that Army; when the Queen was 
 sayd to be transported with passion because her counsell was not followed, who advised 
 the King to wave Gloucester and advance for London, whilst the Parliament had no 
 Army in the field, the number of Malignants in the City did equall the rest, began to 
 
 rayse
 
 456 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 rayse tumults, and the actions of State were unresolved. This City diverted the ene- 
 mies thoughts from that rare opportunity, which, not so conscious of the Kingdom's 
 weaknesse, held up beyond reason, and gave a breathing time to the State to effect 
 its own reliefe. Great was the failing of the King's hopes in this defeat, who, by the 
 gaining of this Town, would have held an undivided, uninterrupted command, and 
 the granary of the Kingdome in the heart of his Country, on the West bounded with 
 the Sea, cleare through the middle of the Land to the Northerne jiarts, where also 
 the Earl of Newcastle's Army prevailed, and in breadth reaching from the utmost 
 Wales to the London Association, and backed with Ireland, with whom an accommo- 
 dation was then preparing. 
 
 " Neverthelesse the raising of the siege was but an unperfect deliverance. The suc- 
 cesse of the General's Army, with the supply of our wants, were to make it compleat. 
 For the enemy continually lay at our doores, commerce was clean taken away, and 
 we farre distant fron) the fountaine of future supplies; wherefore, during the stay of 
 his Excellency, parties of horse were continually sent abroad to fetch in provisions out 
 of the enemie's quarters and malignants' estates. The granary was quickly filled. The 
 Generall left three culverins, forty single barrels of gunpowder, and set the Garrison in 
 order." 
 
 Notwithstanding the Garrison of Gloucester was secured from a sudden reverse, yet 
 "the State seemed to walk in a frugall course, and desire a daily dropping of reliefe, 
 rather then to entrust much, which is not the way of great performance, nor can bring 
 to the end of the design ; when as this rationall adventure might give the encrease of 
 an hundredfold: and upon the failing hereof the greatest mischiefe could bee no more 
 then the losse of that expence. Wherefore they voted a supply, and raised men and 
 moneys in a languishing way ; that those five hundred listed for Gloucester were re- 
 duced to a fifty ere they could reach us ; and the greatest j>art of the money squan- 
 dered away, without a sensible advantage to this Garrison." 
 
 " Colonell Massie was not satisfied in keeping his own garrison, but eager of conti- 
 nuall service, to destroy or disable the enemy, for which no other place in the King- 
 dome was conceived capable of the like advantage: Wherefore by himselfe urged, 
 he set upon the Parliament with importunate complaints, that for lack of strength 
 great opportunities of service to us and disservice to them were lost. And a greater 
 mischiefe did exercise this government, the want of men and money, and ammunition 
 to defend it selfe ; upon which, extreme scarsity of provision was like to follow, and 
 in these hopes did the enemy blesse themselves ; so that the advantage and honour of 
 maintaining the City against the violence of an army was like to vanish in the lingring 
 death of the place. And the Governour was about to embrace another command in 
 the Generall's army, yet reserving a submission to the Parliament's pleasure, whore- 
 quired him to continue his service in this Government. This charge was surrounded 
 with difficulties, and each day brought forth some new birth. When the enemy begirt 
 us in their winter quarters, the hopes of our promised succours were past without the 
 convoy of an army. Not one gentleman of the countrey durst be seen to assist us, no 
 
 Member
 
 MILITARY GOVERNMENT. 457 
 
 Member of Parliament did reside here to encourage the businesse. All things rested 
 upon the Governour's sole care both to store the garrison with provisions, and raise 
 money out of that small pittance of the countrey out of the enemies hands. The dis- 
 content of the souldier was now lieigthened and ready to cause a disbanding. To 
 make good the place was the Parliament's command: and inevitable necessity was the 
 chiefest law to support it. Wherefore apprehending more misery than in the late 
 siege, the Governor was constrained to lay some easie taxation on the countrey to 
 supply the present exigence, whilst the enemies power extended on all sides almost to 
 the gates of Gloucester. Hereupon daily complaints were brought before him, that the 
 taxes were unequally rated by the officers of the severall parishes, that such as were 
 broken by the enemy, were rated as high as if their estates were entire. The Governour 
 represented these things to the Parliament, earnestly begged their direction in his 
 intended course, which by them was not in one syllable contradicted : Wherefore at a 
 Councell of Warre the condition of the countrey was debated upon, and an order made 
 that some officers and citizens should be intreated as a committee to hear and rectifie 
 the complaints concerning assessemenls, and to use that moderation which reason did 
 require. Not long after a petition was presented to the Governour in the name of the 
 countrey. That one monthley rate without other charge might be imposed upon them, 
 likewise that the rate might be made according to equity, and the poore spared; that 
 the money might bee paid in to the common treasurer, whence it should issue as 
 necessity required, and that a choyce committee might be appointed to over-see all 
 the money rated, received and disbursed. The Governour to manifest his desire of the 
 people's satisfaction, and that things might bee carryed in a just and equall way, 
 ordered by the consent of a Councell of Warre, that a committee of officers, citizens, 
 and countrey gentlemen, should regulate the assessements of the countrey according 
 to their desires. Some of which gentlemen not long after were of the committee for 
 these counties by order of Parliament. 
 
 " Moreover, this Committee moved at a Councell of Warre for a further power to 
 heare and determine such businesses as by the Governour's speciall order should be 
 referred unto them, to examine upon oath, and commit all such persons (officers and 
 souldiers only excepted) as should offi^r contempt ; and this they enforced with these 
 reasons: 1. Because there was no Committee of Parliament then in being, nor would 
 any adventure such an undertaking in an oppressed and distracted countrey ; and the 
 necessities of the garrison did admit of no delay. 2. That this Committee, consisting 
 of souldiers, citizens and countrey gentlemen, would give satisfaction both to the 
 countrey men, who payd their money, when themselves were acquainted with its ne- 
 cessity and disposall ; and to the souldiers, who being jjrivy to the receit of the money 
 and the countrey 's indigence, might be contented with a slender entertainment: that 
 at once it seemed to prevent discontent in the countrey, and mutiny in the souldier. 
 3. That the petitions of the countrey pressed uj)on the Governour in such multitudes, 
 that a great part of his time, which might be spent against the enemy to better pur- 
 pose, was taken uj) herewith, or many persons must needs be exposed to injury and 
 
 3 N oppression.
 
 458 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 oppression. 4. Because all course of law from Westminster was then stopped, not a 
 lawyer left in the countrey, no Court of Equity to relieve the oppressed, or curb the 
 extremity of the law, whose present want was not so much in settling estates and de- 
 termining right, as in providing for the support of the garrison, then like to be mined; 
 of which the Kings partee had as great a confidence as before the Siege. No landlord 
 could receive his rent, no intercourse of trade between man and man, whereby to 
 enable them to pay taxations. And for these reasons such an order by the Councell of 
 Warre was then assented unto. 
 
 " In this the people never groaned under the Governour's power ; their voluntary 
 submission was a witnesse of his moderation. And this authority had more of entreaty 
 than constraint, only the sword had some influence of feare upon the injurious ; the 
 proceedings of the Town-Court not suspended, but sometimes entreated to forbeare 
 upon equitable considerations. And when the Governour began to observe some dero- 
 gation from his intentions, by this Committee, he instantly sent a prohibition. 'Twas 
 never his thought to rule by the swerd, but in a desperate case by the same to cut out 
 a way wherein the rules of law and justice might freely passe. He was ever unwilling 
 to take the charge upon him, and by severall letters requested the Parliament, that the 
 burthen of government might be layd upon some other; or if that charge must rest 
 upon him, that they would send down a Committee, that might take off the former 
 cares, and permit him to look to the well ordering of his forces for the safety of this 
 place, and to enlarge his quarters, that the service here might not bee only to keep 
 Gloucester, but weaken the enemy, and beget friends daily to the Parliament. 
 " Such was the face of government within the City." 
 
 Backhouses Plot. — " The failing of their endeavours and hopes in the late siege 
 brought forth a desjiaire of reducing the City by storme, and put them upon the wayes 
 of treachery, who therein illuded themselves, and were over-acted in their own councels. 
 One Edward Stanford, an Esquire, and a grand Papist, assaulted the fidelity of Captain 
 Backhouse once his friend and acquaintance. He presumed that former friendship 
 might make way to admit the plot, and Backhouse's power and interest in the Gover- 
 nour made it (in his conception) very feasible. Wherefore in a private letter he tendred 
 the renewing of ancient love, not only to the procuring of the King's pardon, but a 
 greater advancement and fortune then the condition of those whom he served could 
 rayse him to. This might be purchased by the delivering of Gloucester into their 
 hands, which was not hard for him to perform, considering the nature of his employ- 
 ment. And the honesty of the enterprize was grounded on the old proverb, Jallere 
 Jallentemnon esij'raus. An hasty and abrupt temptation, and the tempter's irrationall 
 confidence, did befool him in the first onset, who knew not either to propose or expect 
 such grounds of assurance as the thing did require ; but set upon a knowing man, 
 without the knowledge of any imbred inclination to treason or present provocation. 
 Except a strange levity, a minde set on mischief, the conscience of delinquency, or 
 desire of revenge, vain glory, or riches, are the sole aimes of a traytor, and the hopes 
 of either must appear large and certain ; but here an attempt is made on such a one 
 
 who
 
 MILITARY GOVERNMENT. 459 
 
 who neither by feare was compeld to provide for himselfe, nor enraged against his own 
 party, but acknowledged a present felicity in the work in hand: as though it were 
 possible to perswade a man wittingly to contrive his own overthrow. 
 
 " The letters were no sooner received, but communicated to the Governour, who 
 advised to embrace the businesse, and hold a correspondence with that party, prac- 
 tizing that rule by themselves propounded for these reasons: First, tvvas a delight and 
 glory to take them in the snare which themselves had layd; and the advantage was 
 great. 2. That this treason (already secured) might prevent other conspiracies against 
 this City, so long as they had faire hopes of prevailing by this; lest the contrivance of a 
 second should confound the disposition of the first. 3. That the countrey under the 
 command of this garrison, which upon the petition of the malignant gentry was devoted 
 to destruction, might be preserved, and spared by the enemy, in hope to enjoy the 
 benefit thereof themselves ; for the embracing of this plot did not draw on the enemy, 
 but held his hand, and suspended the execution of his fury. 4. To spin out the plot, 
 and feed their expectation till the countrey had vented in the markets their spare pro- 
 visions of corn and cattle. 5. That the eneniy possessed and taken up with the gayning 
 of the City, might give the Parliament's forces in other parts of the Kingdome a greater 
 freedome to execute their designes. 6. That a flattering promise might allay their fury 
 till the winter were past, or our reliefe come, and we be able to feed them with harder 
 meat ; and that themselves might taste the cursed fruits of treason, to a selfe-shame 
 and confusion. The design was communicated to Captain William Singleton, Alder- 
 man, and Captain Read. 
 
 " For these and the like reasons, Backhouse undertook the businesse, and returned 
 an answer in a liberall garb, protesting that he honoured his Majesty with his soule, 
 and was ready to perform all reall service. He seemed withall to promote the plot 
 by requiring sworn secrecy, and agreeing upon a trusty messenger: and that he might 
 seem more deeply to relish the matter, catcht hold on the promise of reward, and re- 
 quired some unquestionable assurance, that he might not play an after-game poorely. 
 Thus the fraud is returned upon them by one that stryves to maintayn the repute of 
 integrity, conceiving it no transgression of military honour, to deceive them into a 
 snare by verball equivocation, as well as by a doubtfnll action, the common way of the 
 stratagems of warre. This confident reply, and the palpable discovery of a sudden 
 change, did not render him suspected, but beyond all reason gave the complotters 
 great contentment, who did not enquire into the conviction and change of his 
 thoughts by due degrees. Stanford desired him forthwith to expresse his conditions, 
 propose the way, and descend unto the particulars of the service, assented to constant 
 intercourse, and assured him that none but the Lord Digby should be privy to the 
 design. Captain Backhouse drew the modell of the plot in this following letter to Mr. 
 Standford. 
 
 " SIR, yov desire my conceit in proposall of particular propositions, and of my 
 Reward. To loth which I shall thus propose unto you to present to more mature 
 judgments. Whether I may not by drawing out my troop in an evening fas I can 
 
 doe
 
 460 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 doe at any time) tneet with your forces, and bring them in at the gate on sudden in n 
 moonshine night, and so master the Jirst guard, ivhich may easily be done, and not 
 discerned till too late ; ?ny troop being above three score, who may be all in the reare, 
 and at your mercy, though I my selfe shall lead in the force, which cannot give the 
 alarme in the night so soon as to prevent the designe. JVhether if I perswade the 
 Governour ivith a strong party rf horse and foot iipon some designe to lie out all 
 night eight or ten iniles distant from the garrison (as I know I can doe) and I my 
 selfe stay at liome, in ivhose absence you may safely advance in the evening to the 
 towns side, tvhen I can come out to you, and so bring you in tinder coloui- of our otvne 
 forces. Whether if I flnde out a place slenderly guarded, and somewhat easie to 
 come in at, I may draw off the sentinels upon some pretence, as lean do, being known 
 unto them all, and there direct your entrance. Whether if I send for hay, and give 
 you iwtice oftlte very time of its comming in, ivhich must be in the night, I may not 
 after the carts bring in some men as carters, who may have siiaphance muskets in the 
 carts, and some dragoons to fall in the reare of the carts, who may master the first 
 guards, and possesse the ordnance there, and so let in both horse and dragoons, ivho 
 with such ordnance may march through all tlie streets in the town. These severall 
 wayes I propose for the present, but I conceive that those ivho have been versed in the 
 taking of towns may make more choice of propositions, any of ivhicli, if I apprehend 
 it feazible, [shall gladly undertake, or render a reason of my dislike. As for my 
 reivard, I am right sensible of how great a concernment the businesse is to your side, 
 and although it be utterly against ?ny spirit to indent before hand, especially with 
 such gallant and noble personages ; but the straits I have beene put into for lack of 
 money, (having received no pay for my selfe from those whom I serve) and my estate 
 and charge bids me look to that. I shall expect tivo thousand pound to bee secured, 
 two or three hundred whereof I shall desire you as my friend to procure in hand, that 
 I may bee enabled to beare up my port and credit, especially among the common soul- 
 diers and vnder-ojficers of the garrison, to ivhom I must be open handed, and engage 
 affection, that they may be ready at my call. Secondly, to engage mine owne troop, 
 and to binde such unto me with a silver cord, as I shall fnde fittest for my purpose ; 
 and ivithall plentifully to reivard the entercoursers between you and me, that they 
 may execute our commands with all celerity and trust. This I leave to your consi- 
 deration and mannage, and hope that ere long we shall meet to discourse it, ivhen all 
 the world shall not know. li. B. 
 
 "These Propositions are sent to Oxford, entertained by the King's Cabinet-councell, 
 the Lord Digby becomes the great undertaker, and ratifies the Proposall of Captaine 
 Backhouse in the following letter: 
 
 " SIR, you having so farre declared your desires to serve His Majesty unto my 
 good friend Master Standford, I thinke it fit you should Jiow receive some more 
 authentick assurance of His 3IaJestie's gracious acceptance thereof, then perhaps 
 you will thinke his bare assurance to be. Therefore I doe here solemiiely engage my 
 word unto you, both as a Minister of State, and a gentleman, that if you shall per- 
 
 forme
 
 MILITARY GOVERNMENT. 461 
 
 forme faiflifiilli/ wfial i/oii promise there, you sliall punctually receive immediately 
 after, such a pardon as your selfe shall desire, and the summe of two thousand 
 pounds, ^s J'or the three hundred you desire in present, such a confidence I will 
 have in your word, that as soon as ever I shall have received your ansiver to this 
 under your hand, it shall he forthwith paid into whatsoever place you shall appoint, 
 or to what person. ^Is for the particular waies of effecting ovr designe, those you 
 propose are very rationull, hut the choice, and disposition thereof, must be between 
 you, and those ivlio are to execute it, with whom, if it were possible, you should pro- 
 cure a meeting at some unsuspected place. I doe propose unto you the choice ofseve- 
 rall men, and whom of them you shall like best, and thinke fittest by reason of the 
 place where his command is, to him alone, and to no other the businesse shall be im- 
 parted, whether Sir IVilUam Favasour, Commander in Chiefe of the forces now in 
 Gloucestershire, or Colonell 3Iyn, commander of a brigade of the English that came 
 out of Ireland, or Colonell IJ^ashington, who is at Evesham; or lastly, whether the 
 Governour of Berkeley Castle. As soon as you shall send me an answer you shall 
 receive satisfaction from him who hopes you will so behave your selfe as to make me 
 your assured friend, G. D. 
 
 " Here this degenerate Lord sels his honour, and betrayes the esteenie of gallantry, 
 by promoving and engaging himselfe to reward the vilest treason, and to insinuate 
 himselfe into the close workings thereof, when many brave spirits out of their abun- 
 dant justice have disdained the proffer of so base a service. And herein did hee dero- 
 gate from the repute of an able statesman in relying upon the doubtfull expressions of 
 an unknowne person, and whose comlition could not invite any of the least ground of 
 beliefe. 
 
 " Hereupon a correspondency was held with the Lord Digby; unto whom Back- 
 house made his replv, that his Lordship's directions suted with his ovvne former pro- 
 posals made unto Master Stanford, to wit, that the commander of the forces to bo im- 
 ployed herein must be conscious of the designe; and as touching the choice of a chief 
 actor on their part, he conceived Sir William Vavasour the fittest man, because he was 
 neerest the businesse, his men lying at Ledbury, when the rest were more remote, and 
 of inconsiderable strength ; as also because he had the best advantage to make his 
 approach undiscovered, there being no suburbs nor house neere the City from his 
 quarters, nor any out-guard to give the alarm. And for himselfe, upon a few daies 
 notice he would comply with their expectation, as the actors should agree upon all 
 circumstances. 
 
 " U])on this they returned large expressions of reward, and honour, but the present 
 payment of the three hundred pound was waved by Stanford, as much as possible, 
 upon pretence of the danger of misfezance in the maine plot. Backhouse would not 
 admit the excuse, imjiortuned the payment, as well to have something in hand, as to 
 let them know the greate whecle that turned him about, that the j)alpable shew of 
 corruption might make them more confident. Neither could they well keepe backe 
 the earnest of this guerdon, lest they should render themselves caj)ablc of his dislike 
 
 or
 
 462 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 or jealousie, or seem to suspect his trust, whose adventure (if reall) in every line was 
 sufficient to ruine him, and he left to bewaile his owne misfortune: where it was re- 
 solved, that this Standford and Captaine Backhouse should debate upon the businesse 
 by word of mouth ; they met accordingly in Coslawne at an hour appointed, without 
 amies or attendants, where Backhouse received two hundred pounds in hand, with a 
 promise from Standford to discharge a bond of fifty pounds, and was not once urged 
 in the whole conference to an asseveration of fidelity by protestation or oath. He 
 received likewise the contrivance of the plot laid by Master Standford, Sir William 
 Vavasour, and others that were lately come to Tewkesbury, which ranne thus : That 
 Colonell Massie should be drawn out of the garrison with a strong party towards 
 Berk ley -castle, having assurance that the Castle should be rendered, which was really 
 intended by them, that the gaining of Gloucester might be the more facile. In the 
 absence of the Governour Captaine Backhouse was to open the gate, and deliver the 
 word. Thus was the plot proposed and approved by Backhouse, but with additionall 
 advise, that their forces might with all speed relinquish Tewkesbury, because he 
 should never perswade the Governour to draw forth such a party, whilst they lay so 
 strong upon us. This also was assented unto by the complotters, being secure of their 
 agent, and blinded with extreame desire and confidence. And had not the proposall 
 of the enemy been by themselves deserted, we had possest Barkley-castle, and placed 
 a garrison in Tewkesbury. Yet so farre did they prosecute the businesse, that Sir 
 William Vavasour sent to require the Governour of Berkley to draw out his whole 
 garrison (which was refused, without the King's, or Prince Rupert's speciall com- 
 mand), himselfe also commanded a great part of his foot to Parshow, professed his 
 endeavours to march with the residue, and all the horse ; but that his Majestie's com- 
 missioners were so averse as by no meanes to consent or permit, unlesse they might 
 know and approve the designe, whom he professed to leave unsatisfied, lest he might 
 doe Backhouse a disservice, and prevent or disturbe the motion. Notwithstanding 
 Backhouse knew well enough that the Councell of Warre at Tewkesbury, and the 
 wliole Court at Oxford are full of this complement; and so close was the businesse 
 carried that the London Mercury had blazoned him for a traytor. Wherefore, upon 
 this pretence, they runne backe to one of the former propositions; to wit, that he 
 would draw forth his owne troope, with one more, which should be put in the reare of 
 their horse, and himselfe lead the forlorne hope into the Towne. But he exquisitely 
 declined this way, pretending himselfe not a little dashed at the disturbance of the 
 first intention, which in his owne thoughts ranne so feazeble ; and alledged the Go- 
 vernour's watchfulnesse in observing the Garrison of Tewkesbury ; that he had given 
 private commands to the Officers both of horse and foot to be instantly ready upon 
 the first advance of their forces, and kept abroad night and day good parties of horse 
 to bring intelligence. So that he could not joyne with them without suspition or dis- 
 covery ; and as he should be glad to confirme their opinion of his reall performance, 
 for whom he did thus hazard his life and fortune, so should he be infinitely unwilling 
 to put them upon any enterprize which to themselves might prove prejudiciall : he 
 
 minded
 
 M I L I 1 A l{ Y (i ( ) V E R N M E N T. 46';^ 
 
 minded tliem witliall that the true frame of the plot was the Hfe of the action ; that 
 one niisfeizance in a bnsinessc of tliis nature was never to be repaired, but crossed the 
 perfection of such an enterprize, wherein he protested himselfe happy if lie mi^ht sa- 
 crifice himselfe to accomplish the same according to his desires. In the close hee gave 
 his opinion, that the Governour's absence was the chiefe requisite to prepare the busi- 
 nesse; that his presence was not consistent with the safety of their side, especially if 
 the alarm be taken at the first entrance. Wherefore lie was once more confident to 
 urge the relinquishing of Tewkesbury ; and upon the removall promised to possesse the 
 Clovernour with a private intelligence of the surrender of Berkley, and perswade him 
 to imbrace the supposed opportunity; whilst himselfe should remaine at home with 
 the command of the horse left for scouts, and act the businesse with more ease and 
 safety. 
 
 "This motion effected its intended purpose, to bring them on at the West Port, to 
 our best advantage against them ; and Sir William Vavasour seemed to incline, but 
 craved a little patience till the contribution were brought in to satisfie the souldiers. 
 Master Stanford required a particular information of the state of the garrison, and 
 received an account of the severall ports, forts, great guns, draw-bridges, provisions, 
 and ammunition. This was taken for a pregnant testimony of Backhouse his fidelity, 
 and made them the more bold to come on, who were gulled with such a slender notice 
 of triviall things, that the meanest boy which passed through the streetes might give as 
 great satisfaction ; but whatsoever was of concernment he represented to the best ad- 
 vantage of the garrison. 
 
 '•'After much variety of entercoursc. Sir William Vavasour urged the execution, in 
 regard the Parliament's Army grew so strong that what they attempted was to be done 
 out of hand. The plot was thus disposed by Captaine Backhouse, as well to secure 
 his owne person within the gates as to render the designe more probable. That 
 whereas being Commander of the horse he could require the keyes of the City, for the 
 sending forth of scouts, he proposed this way to their liking ; that the very night of 
 their approach he might provide scouts out of his owne troope, who should not be 
 ready till the businesse were acted. Meane while himselfe would take the keyes, 
 repaire to the West Gate, and pretend to stay for their comming, and set the guard, 
 which is usually slender, to drinke in an ale-house: in which time they might ad- 
 vance, finde no living soule but himselfe at the gate, or a few drunken men, and 
 pretend withall to be our owne men from Churcham, where we had a guard of horse 
 and foot, which, if they did not disturbe, would continue there awhile, and further 
 the performance. 
 
 " Thus the safety of the Countrey and our small garrisons was still interwoven in 
 each part of the plot ; and they deceived with so great a semblance of reason that 
 they could not su'spect, though in every motion hee constantly waved selfe-ingage- 
 ment and personall danger. The maine care of the businesse is to draw them on to a 
 selfe-destruction ; and the last modell complies with their fancy in each particle, and 
 lo their second thoughts likewise appeares still more rationall. On the fifteenth of 
 
 l''ebruarv
 
 464 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 February the set time is come; nine of the clocke at night is the houre appointed; 
 the guards are to be drawn off from the further Bridge, and the sentinells to be taken 
 in. Prince Rupert is to advance with fifteen hundred horse and foot ; and it would be 
 very satisfactory if Captaine Backhouse met them with liis own troop, pretending to 
 beat up a horse quarters ; but this they urge not, if it be found inconvenient. In the 
 evening a messenger is dispatched from Gloucester to the enemies quarters, with the 
 watch-word for their assurance, and some private directions for their march up the 
 Town ; while himselfe waited at the Gate, which he undertook to set open, if they 
 came by nine of the clock, or within half an houre after. 
 
 "After the messenger's dispatch, the Ports were shut up round the City, carefull 
 sentinells set, the Governour called a Councell of War, acquainted the officers with 
 the plot, gave order that as well citizens as souldiers should continue that night in 
 armes : drew to the West Gate three peeces of ordnance, and a strong guard of mus- 
 ketiers well provided with granadoes, and commanded foure stout men in a boate 
 under Ouers Bridge, halfe a mile distant from the gate, to lie under the maine arch, 
 with direction that upon the firing of the first ordnance they should cut a cable rope, 
 which being done, the bridge would fall into the river. By which meanes they had all 
 been killed, drowned, or taken, being cooped up in an island open to our shot, without 
 possible meanes of escape. In this preparation and posture we continued all night, 
 watching the time to have delivered our selves from the future mischiefe of such bloud 
 thirsty enemies. They advanced with their whole body of horse and foot ; but before 
 they came within a mile and a halfe of the City it was open day; when, having lost 
 the time by the slownesse of their march, they durst not come on, but instantly 
 retreated to Newent : from thence Captaine Backhouse was informed by letters of the 
 reason of their faylings, which induced us to believe that the enemy did not yet know 
 that their designe was destroyed. Wherefore we indeavoured secrecy, and the next 
 day suffered no man to passe the ports, desired to salve the matter, and bring them on 
 once more ; but the whole frame quickly fell asunder, though the languishing enemy 
 gave some cold entertainment to a few patching letters, because they were ashamed to 
 acknowledge such a strong delusion. 
 
 " Colonel Min being upon the advance to plunder the country near Gloucester, and 
 destroy the crops, from its being harvest-time, whilst the orders for the march were 
 giving forth to the officers of horse and foot, there fell out a sad accident between 
 Major (iray and Major Hammond, which was like to dash the whole action. The 
 heat of a quarrell then brake forth by occasion of a verball contestation at a Councell 
 of Warre the same day, when both had orders to march, and were commanded to 
 their particular charges. Major Gray began to question Hammond for his hasty lan- 
 guage, and to require satisfaction. This challenge at the present was refused or 
 sleighted ; wherefore, impatient of the supposed injury, and full of revenge, he smote 
 him on the face with his fist : upon this to swords they went in the street, and, after a 
 little clashing. Gray received his death's wound by a thrust in the neck, and expired 
 in the place. This miserable accident was like to beget a greater mischief among the 
 
 souldiers.
 
 MILITARY GOVERNMENT. 465 
 
 souldiers, who being in arms, and ready to advance, came back with full streame of 
 violent resohition for the present revenge of Gray's blood ; that the whole City and 
 Garrison was not farre from an uproar. It rested on the Governor's sole care to allay 
 that violence of the Souldiers, who used his best art and industry to appease them ; 
 whilest the Officers, indulging their own discontent at the losse of their Major, fell 
 quite off the hinges. After an houre's dispute and intreaty, the tumult was in some 
 measure qualified, that the most were perswadcd to march, as it was high time, when 
 the Enemy came on within three miles of the City, with a resolution, if not to lay 
 waste by fire (as they threatned), yet to plunder and take away the persons of men, 
 their goods and cattell. The businesse was put forwards, but with little help from the 
 discontented Officers. 
 
 "In the midst of various designs of consequence at that time depending, the Go- 
 vernor with all the Officers of horse and foot were much distressed for lack of that 
 support which the necessity of the service did require; and the extreme want of the 
 common troopers drove them daily away. Every performance in the whole course of 
 this Government was filled with much distempers ; and though the exigence of the 
 souldier hath been great in many places, yet the gleanings of other brigades have been 
 better then our vintage. No officer had any portion in the contribution money; no 
 pay for the troops for many moneths together ; no allowance for scout, spie, or intelli- 
 gencer, who observe onely the liberall and open handed; nor the hopes of reward to 
 incourage the souldier's gallantry: that the indeavours of the Governor, in keeping 
 together and increasing the forces, were nigh lost. Neither was any means allotted to 
 the supply of the necessary attendants and officers of a marching brigade. And in the 
 heat of service the nature and terms of the Governor's command were disputed; and 
 'twas very questionable whether to provide for the attendants of a march ; that onely a 
 portion seemed to be cared for, that might live within the walls of Gloucester ; and 
 nothing to further such action that might restrain and lessen the strength of the Enemy, 
 preserve the Countrey, and passe withall to the relief of remote Garrisons. Neverthe- 
 lesse the establishment of such a power was required in these parts as might check the 
 Enemy in all his marches and recruits ; and this strength far greater than the stint of 
 that constant number which the garrisons took up." 
 
 After the capture of Evesham, Corbet thus concludes: — "This performance was 
 the concluding honour of Colonell Massie's government, after his remove from the 
 present command was resolved by both Houses of Parliament, when the desires of 
 promoving the publike service made him to hazard the fame of his former atohieve- 
 ments by the doubtfull issue of the last action. 
 
 " Some dayes before hee had an honourable invitation from the Westerne Gentle- 
 men ; and the same day that he entred Evesham received a Commission from the 
 Lords and Commons to leade an army in the West. The Parliament's command 
 found the Governour absolutely free in affection and choice, willing to comply with 
 their pleasures, neitlier longing to stay, nor eager of a change, hut in any place ready 
 
 30 to
 
 466 HISTORY OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 to spend his blood in the Kingdome's cause, if he might not spend it in vaine. Never- 
 thelesse the City and County of Gloucester did much resent it, and something repine 
 that their Governour should be snatched from such a people as had done much, and 
 suffered much in their fidelity and resolution without president (considering the many 
 assaults), that had sacrificed their lives and fortunes in preserving this City and the 
 Kingdome therein, that had borne so much in the firing of the Suburbs, in the burning 
 of many houses neere the Towne, some by the enemie's malice, and some by them- 
 selves for safety, and the pressures of the Country under both armies. They cast up the 
 consequence and concernment of the place, being the center, garden, and granary of 
 the Kingdome, the blocke-house to the River of Severne, and a barre to all passages 
 betvveene Worcester, BristoU, and the Sea, the stop of entercourse betweene Oxford 
 and Wales, the key to open the passage upon the Welsh and their Frontiers, and the 
 locke and barre to keepe out their incursions, the onely refuge and safety for the Par- 
 liament Party and Friends in that part of the Kingdome, and the Enemie's sole hin- 
 derance from the command of the whole West. Besides this they had strong desires 
 of retaining their Governour, having so long experience of his judgement to foresee 
 dangers, and care to prevent them; of his readinesse to issue out for offence and de- 
 fence upon each incursion ; of his indefatigable industry in taking the advantage of all 
 opportunities to weaken the Enemy, and happy successe in all enterprizes; of his 
 disposition and comportment, by which he cherished the well-affected, ratified and 
 confirmed the indifferent, reduced the very malignant; and by himselfe engaged the 
 Country to armes, and governed the souldiers from mutiny, rapine, and plunder, or 
 other violence in the Garrison or Country. To all which they added an unavoidable 
 prejudice against any stranger, though in himselfe able and faithfull, considering the 
 many by-past plots, and the Enemie's implacable malice, who breath out threatnings 
 daily. Such was the sense of the people universally. And the Maior and Aldermen, 
 with the whole City Nemine Contradicente, did so farre honour themselves in vindi- 
 cating Colonell Massie as to petition both Houses of Parliament for his continuance in 
 the government, representing in expresse termes his noble disposition, constant and 
 unwearied paines, blest by God with extraordinary successe, and his maine influence 
 on the hearts of the people in general), most of them being by him ingaged in armes 
 for the Parliament, and upon the whole souldiery, who were kept together to serve in 
 this Countrie chiefely by the love and respect they beare to him. And this they ac- 
 knowledged, not with an intention of prescribing rules to the State, but out of their 
 care and zeale to the common cause. They likewise importuned the Lord Mayor, 
 Aldermen, and Common-Councell of London, upon the mutuall bonds of former en- 
 gagement, in defending and raising the late Siege of Gloucester, to represent unto the 
 Parliament the sense of their feares, and the Countrie's distraction at the removall of 
 Colonell Massie; complaining of the sinister ends of some few persons who brought 
 in a crosse Petition, with Articles, in the name of the County of Gloucester, which 
 no part of the County did ever acknowledge, and of which no corner thereof was 
 conscious. 
 
 " The
 
 MILITARY GOVERNMENT. 467 
 
 " The House of Commons would not actept the Charge against Colonel! Massie,. 
 and, that they might deale in the businesse without partiality, refused also the Coun- 
 trie's Petition. Neverthelesse the Speaker was directed, in the name of the House, by 
 way of answer to their requests, to let them know that they were very sensible of the 
 dangers that might attend an alteration in that kinde; but that theGovernour provided 
 to succeed might speedily give such assurance against such dangers that there will be 
 no cause for them to continue, much lesse to encrease, their feares. That the House 
 was confident that their constant readinesse to comply with the publike would also in 
 this particular of Colonell Massie's removall make them rest content in the resolution 
 of the Parliament in that matter. Though Gloucester be a place they prize and care 
 for as much as any in the Kingdome, yet for the present it was thought of greater 
 necessitie to imploy him in that command of the Westerne Forces; and they cannot 
 doubt of the concurrence and submission of those well-affected parts in whatsoever is 
 judged to be of publike advantage. 
 
 "Hereupon it was ordered the third of June, 16"45, by the Lords and Commons, 
 that Master Luke Nurse, Maior of Gloucester, Alderman Singleton, and Colonell 
 Blunt, or any two of them, shall have the command of the Garrison of Gloucester, 
 and of the Forces and Garrison in Gloucestershire, in as ample manner as Colonell 
 Massie had, till the appointed Governour come downe to his charge there, or the 
 Houses take other order." 
 
 INDEX.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 Page 
 
 Abbatial Residences 198 
 
 Abbey, St. Peter's 156, seq. 
 
 ■ Library 264 
 
 Abbots of St. Peter's 159, seq. 
 
 — Income of. . 172 
 
 Adams, Dr. William 227, 2S0 
 
 Aldate's, St 136, 309 
 
 Aldred's Monument 265, 472 
 
 Alix, Dean «16 
 
 All Saints 136, 311 
 
 Altars 249, 257 
 
 Angels, with musical instruments 249 
 
 Anne, Queen, Statue of 136 
 
 Anniversaries 350 
 
 Aqueducts 136 
 
 Archdeacons, Lists of. 203, 204 
 
 their rank, office,&c. 207 
 
 Architecture, Grecian and Gothick, 
 
 effect of 241 
 
 Ariconium, where situate 10 
 
 Arviragus, account of 2, 3 
 
 Assizes, account of one 120 
 
 Athellstan, died here 31 
 
 6. 
 
 Baber, Francis, Epitaph 276 
 
 Baggage of armies, how immense 165 
 
 Bailiffs 411 
 
 Baptist, St. John 312, seq. 
 
 Barbican, site of a British fortress 125 
 
 what 145 
 
 Barksdale, Clement, account of 326 
 Barracks, Roman, account of — 
 
 where probably situate. ... 17, 18 
 
 Bartholomew's Almshouse 305 
 
 Battle here 42 
 
 Beadon, Bp 198 
 
 Bell and Hill, Epigram on S3 
 
 Bell, Bp. John 205 
 
 Sir Thomas, Epitaph 329 
 
 Bell, Great 259 
 
 Bell-foundry 426 
 
 Bells, formerly hung in various 
 
 towers 292 
 
 Benson, Bp 195, 274 
 
 Berkeley Canal 426 
 
 Biddle, John, account of 303 
 
 Bigland, Ralph, Epitaph — on Plate 
 
 facing p. 274. 
 
 Bishops, account of 185, seq. 
 
 Palace 198 
 
 Bishop, Rev. Charles, Epitaph . . 28 1 
 
 Black Friers 294 
 
 Blackleach's Monument. . . . 255, 278 
 
 Blestrum, where 10 
 
 Blond, or Blunt, Abbot 165 
 
 Blue Coat Hospital, site of the Prae- 
 
 toriuni, &c 16, 26 
 
 Blue School 307 
 
 BIyth, Bp. Gefirey 205 
 
 Bodunni defined 6 
 
 Bohun, Monument ascribed to . . 255 
 
 Bois, David 299 
 
 Bollatree, the real Ariconium .... 10 
 
 Booth Hall 133 
 
 Boulers, Reginald, Abbot 177 
 
 Bowisher, Bp. John 167 
 
 Boyfield, John, Abbot 175 
 
 Branch, Thomas, Abbot 179 
 
 Bredon, Thomas de. Abbot 165 
 
 Bridges 131 
 
 British Cities, Plan of, &c 5 
 
 Trackways viii 
 
 Brookes, Bp 187 
 
 Browne, John, Abbot 179 
 
 Buckler, J. C. account of the Cathe- 
 dral 241,252,261 
 
 Buff armour 25 
 
 Bull, Bp. George 229 
 
 Bullingham, Bp. John 187 
 
 Caerwent, Gregory 427 
 
 Camelodunum, where situate 4 
 
 Camps, Roman, ground proper for 13 
 
 Canonry, Black 312 
 
 Cantelow, Nicholas 299 
 
 Capel, Rev. Richard 429 
 
 Capitol, where 8 
 
 Carbone, orCarbonel,Wm. Abbot 165 
 Carter, John, his account of the Ca- 
 thedral 240, 252, 262 
 
 Castle, Old 24, 145 
 
 remains of 156 
 
 situation corrected ViSfSeq. 
 
 Cathedral ^3S,seq. 
 
 Tower 239,258 
 
 Dimensions 243 
 
 Chapels 248, 258, 260 
 
 Choir 249, 255 
 
 Monuments in. . . . ^i3,$eq. 
 
 Arms 256 
 
 Stalls 257 
 
 — — — Screens 258 
 
 Cathedral, Purgatory 259 
 
 ■ Transepts, &c 259 
 
 Great Bell 259 
 
 Nave 2.^9 
 
 Crypt 260 
 
 South Porch 261 
 
 Precincts 265 
 
 Epitaphs 265, seq. 
 
 Catherine's, St 136, 320 
 
 Epitaphs 321 
 
 Causeways, Roman 12 
 
 Chancellors 208 
 
 Chantiies, history of 340 
 
 Chapter House 263 
 
 Charitable Institutions 305 
 
 Donations 386, 393 
 
 Charles II. proclaimed 122 
 
 • Statue of 136 
 
 Cheiney, Bp 187 
 
 Chester, Dr 43 1 
 
 Chetwood, Dean 215 
 
 Choky, John, Abbot I7I 
 
 Churches destroyed 136 
 
 City, burnt 39 
 
 taken 43 
 
 Events during the reign of Ed- 
 ward II 43, 44 
 
 assaulted by the Welsh 45 
 
 kept for Edward IV 45 
 
 ordered to be fortified . . 54, 55 
 
 • various military events . 54 — 60 
 
 how taxed during the Civil 
 
 War 95 
 
 Changes in 142 
 
 Perambulation of in 1370, 143 
 
 Jail 435 
 
 Civil Government 393 
 
 Clent, Mai'gery, Monument 267 
 
 Clerks,amenable to theCivil Power 155 
 
 Cloisters 261, 262 
 
 College School 230 
 
 Colonies, manner of founding .... 7 
 
 Committee Men, who 54 
 
 Commons, origin of 131, 132 
 
 Conception of the Virgin Mary, when 
 
 first celebrated 163 
 
 Conduits, &c 136, 137 
 
 Corbett, John, account of 304 
 
 his MilitaryGovernment 
 
 of Gloucester, Reprint of . 445, seq. 
 
 Corporation, &c 393—403 
 
 Charters, &c. 400 — 403 
 
 OflScers 404 
 
 Insignia 404 
 
 Seals 404 
 
 Corporation,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 469 
 
 Corporation, Arms 405 
 
 Members 407 
 
 Counsell, Geo. Worrall, his family vii 
 
 County Hall 433 
 
 Jail 156, 433 
 
 Cowper, Bp. Thomas 210 
 
 Crawford, IVIajor-general, Epitaph271 
 
 Cript 259 
 
 ^— Alley, what anciently 15 
 
 School house, site of 17 
 
 School 301 
 
 St. Mary de 322— 32G 
 
 Cromwell, cause of his success. . 117 
 
 Cross, subscription of 289 
 
 Crosses, history of 132 
 
 Crowley, Rev. Robert 428 
 
 Croydon Castle 24 
 
 Cud worth. Dr. Ralph 226 
 
 Curates' Stipends 166 
 
 Curtose, Robert, account of, &c. 163 
 
 • Tomb 252 
 
 Customs, when granted here, &c. 49 
 
 T>. 
 
 Dailaway, Rev. James, his account of 
 
 the Cathedral 243, 262 
 
 resident at Gloucester 43 1 
 
 Danes, account of 31, seq. 
 
 Dean and Chapter, chartered Endow- 
 ment of 209 
 
 Arms 210 
 
 Deanery House 264 
 
 Deans, &c 210, seq. 
 
 Dean, Abp. Henry 293 
 
 Dccurions, account of 25 
 
 Dissenting Meeting-houses 380 
 
 Dobuni, defined 6 
 
 Domesday account of Gloucester. . 37 
 
 Dorney, Mr 213, 214 
 
 Dunning's Place 134 
 
 Dymock, Mr. the Hebraist 431 
 
 £. 
 
 Earls of Gloucester 143 
 
 Edel, account of 30 
 
 Edric, Abbot 159 
 
 Edward II. his funeial procession 174 
 
 tomb 250, 256 
 
 Eldad, and Eldo, account of .... 30 
 
 Elleys, Bp. Anthony 225, 279 
 
 Elmeliam,Thon)as dc 292 
 
 Evil, touching for, origin of, &c. 123 
 Exchequer here 137 
 
 F. 
 
 Fairs, account of 44, 407 
 
 Feild, Dean 211 
 
 FeUla, John dc. Abbot .... 170, 242 
 
 Ferley, or Farley, Abbot 1 79 
 
 Fires in Abbeys, why so frequent 165 
 Fitzwilliams, Thomas, Epitaph. . 265 
 
 Foliot, Gilbert, Abbot 164 
 
 Henry, Abbot 166 
 
 Forbes, Rev. James 430 
 
 P'orests, why annexed to Cities .... 5 
 FortifiedTowns, proper situation for5 
 
 Forum, where situate 12, 17 
 
 Fowler, Bp 193 
 
 Frampton, Bp. account of. . 189, 215 
 
 Fiankland, Dean 216 
 
 I'Valirnitics, account of 350 
 
 Free Parliament, meaning of. ... 1 17 
 
 Frcwen, Abp 213 
 
 Friday, how sacred 176 
 
 Friers, Houses of 294—299 
 
 Froucester, Walter, Abbot 175 
 
 Funeral Feasts 350 
 
 G. 
 
 Gamages, John de, Abbot 170 
 
 Gaol, Old 156 
 
 Garrison of Gloucester 17 
 
 Gates 128, 130, 265 
 
 (ieneral Chapter, Statutes of 179, 180 
 
 George I. Statue of 136 
 
 Giglis, Bp. Jolin 205 
 
 Gitds 350 
 
 Glevuu), Plan of 14 
 
 Gloucester, ancient Plan of viii 
 
 Foundation of 3 
 
 . when first occupied by the 
 
 Romans 4 
 
 Enlargement of 5 
 
 — its military importance. . 6 
 
 ■ Forum 12 
 
 Civil Government of . . 25 
 
 British, after the depar- 
 ture of tlie Romans 29 
 
 when first taken by the 
 
 Anglo-Saxons 31 
 
 when first a City 31 
 
 Ancient City of described 
 
 124, seq. See City. 
 Goderaon, or Godemor, William, Ab- 
 bot 162 
 
 Goldsborough, Bp 187 
 
 Monument253,266 
 
 (ioodman, Bp 189 
 
 Goodwine, Earl, Rebellion of .... 35 
 
 Government defined 117 
 
 Gowcr's Monument 254 
 
 Grace, St. Mary de 339 
 
 Grade, Rev. John 232 
 
 Grammar Schools, origin of. . . . 230 
 
 further ace. of 300 
 
 Gregory, Rev. John 232 
 
 ^^ Rev. Dr. Abraham 283 
 
 Rev. Thomas 430 
 
 Grey Friers 29<; 
 
 . Griffith, Dean 211 
 
 Grubb, John, account of 304 
 
 Rev. John, Epitaph .... 328 
 
 Guise, Sir Johru Epitaph 280 
 
 H. 
 
 Hackett, Miss 233 
 
 Halifax, Bp 197 
 
 Hall, Dr. George-William 228 
 
 Hameline, Abbot 164 
 
 Hanbury, John, Epitaph 365 
 
 Handel, anecdote of 233 
 
 Hanley, Richard, Abbot 179 
 
 Hare Lane, what anciently 15 
 
 Harold at Gloucester 37 
 
 Harris, Rev. Walter 429 
 
 Hayvvard,John, Alderman, Epitaph 307 
 
 Samuel, Epitaph 281 
 
 Heads, monstrous, what 249 
 
 Henlawe, Bp. Geffrey de 292 
 
 Henry 111. coronation of here. ... 41 
 
 stay here 42, 43 
 
 Henry V. anecdotes of 292 
 
 Henry VII. visits Gloucester 47 
 
 H.nry VHI. here 47 
 
 Hermcn Street II 
 
 Hcrmilage 136 
 
 Hermits' staves 343 
 
 High Stewards 421 
 
 Ilisloiy, early corrujition of 1 
 
 Honmic, Reginald de. Abbot. . . . 1*0 
 
 Hooper, Bp 185 
 
 Home, .Andrew, account of ... . 300 
 
 Horsley, Bp 223 
 
 Horton, Thomas, Abbot 175, 242 
 
 Houses destroyed in the Siege . . . 140 
 
 Humphrey, Dean 210 
 
 Huntingford, Bp 198 
 
 Hurd, Up 207 
 
 Hyde, Dr. Thomas 206 
 
 I. 
 
 Jane, Dean 215 
 
 Iconocliist, anecdote of 262 
 
 Jennings, Dean 210 
 
 Inn for Pilgrims 136 
 
 Infirmary 436 
 
 Inundation 42 
 
 John the Baptist, St 3 1'J 
 
 Johnson, Bp 195 
 
 Jones, Alderman, Monument 254,274 
 
 Iron ore, where worked up 37 
 
 James H. Progress here, &c 123 
 
 Abdication. anecdote of 191 
 
 Jeffreys, Chancellor, anecdote of 190 
 
 Jews, accoimt of. 135 
 
 John (King) here 4n 
 
 Justices, Itinerant, bitting here 42,43 
 
 K.
 
 470 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kenchester (Magnis) viii, 10 
 
 King, Dr. Denjamin, Epitaph . . 275 
 King's Hall, where situate ... 23, 24 
 
 King's Board 134 
 
 Kingscote, Bp. John 204 
 
 Kingsholni (the British City) 5 
 
 Excavations at i9,'20, seq. 
 
 Kyneburgli, account of 15(5 
 
 Kyneburgh's Almshouse 306 
 
 Lacy, Walter de. Abbot 163 
 
 Lady-Chapel 166, 240, 243, 248 
 
 Land, ancient rent of 172 
 
 Lanes, ancient 13S 
 
 Lanthony Priory 290 
 
 Laud, Abp 212 
 
 Leman, Rev. T. on Roman Roads, 
 
 &c viii 
 
 Lent, Law against eating meat in 176 
 
 Lepers, how distinguished 306 
 
 Letter of Charles 1 58 
 
 sent in upon an arrow 77, SI 
 
 Lightfoot, John, account of ... . 305 
 
 Lights, burning, origin of 361 
 
 Lode, St. Mary de 29 
 
 Epitaphs 345 
 
 Lucius, Legation of 27, 28 
 
 Lunaiick Asylum 437 
 
 Luxmore, Bp 219 
 
 Lysons, Daniel, Epitaph 326 
 
 — Samuel 21, 243, 265 
 
 M. 
 
 Machen's Monument 275 
 
 Malverne, John, Abbot 179 
 
 William, Abbot. . 179, 243 
 
 Man, Dean 210 
 
 Margaret's, St. Almshouse 306 
 
 Epitaplis at 307 
 
 Market-houses 136 
 
 Mary de Crypt, St. Parish . . 322, seq. 
 
 Mary de Grace, St. Church 136 
 
 Parish. . 339, seq. 
 
 Mary de Lode, St. Parish . . 341, seq. 
 Mary Magdalen's, St. Almshouse 306 
 
 Epitaphs . . 308 
 
 Marshall, Dean 215 
 
 Massey, C0I...SI, 96, 102, 111, 118 
 
 Maud, Empress, here ■ 39, seq. 
 
 Mayors, &c 41,411 
 
 Mechanicks, pay of 174 
 
 Meeting-houses 380 
 
 Members of Parliament 408 
 
 Michael's, St 349 
 
 Military Ways 15 
 
 Ministry to be settled here 114 
 
 Minor Canons 230 
 
 Mint 426 
 
 Modern Gloucester 431 
 
 Monmouth, Jeffrey, account of 
 
 his History 2 
 
 More, Dr. Henry 225 
 
 Morley, Mrs. her Monument 254,280 
 Morton, Hugh de, Abbot .^ . . . . 177 
 
 Bp. Robert 205 
 
 — — — Bp. Thomas 211 
 
 Morwent, John, Abbot 177, 243 
 
 Mottoes, origin of I7S 
 
 Muster held here 52 
 
 N. 
 
 National School 435 
 
 Natives, eminent 427 
 
 Newcome, Dean Daniel . . .216, 268 
 
 Newton, John, Abbot 179 
 
 Rev. John, Epitaph. . . . 364 
 
 Nicholas, St 360 
 
 Nicholson, Bp. William 189, 266 
 
 Nourse, Dr. Anthony, Epitaph . . 326 
 
 O. 
 
 Obits, Monkish 170 
 
 Olney, Isle of, duel here .... 31, seq. 
 
 Olnie, John 427 
 
 Osrick's Monument 255 
 
 Oswald, Priory of 287, seq. 
 
 Oswald's, St. Parish 320 
 
 Owen's, St 136, 374, 376 
 
 Painted Bricks 247 
 
 Painting, ancient ix. 249 
 
 Palace, meaning of 34 
 
 Pardons, Royal 306 
 
 Parks, how many acres .... 173, 174 
 
 Parish Clerks boarded, &c 166 
 
 Parliaments held here 39. 40, 42, 43, 
 
 44, 45 
 
 Parry, Bp 188 
 
 Parsons, Dr. Richard 2G9, 270 
 
 Paving 137 
 
 Penitentiary 137 
 
 Peter s Men ISl 
 
 Peter, Abbot 162, 241 
 
 Peter's, St. Church-yard, Epitaphs 286 
 
 Pilgrims' Inn : 136 
 
 Door 249 
 
 Pillory 137 
 
 Pin Manufactory 48 
 
 Plague here 40, 53 
 
 Pluralities, &c 204 
 
 Poem, ancient 167, 441 
 
 Population of Gloucester . . 383, 384 
 
 Port of Gloucester 49 
 
 Poita Decuraana, &c 15 
 
 Porticos, Roman 7 
 
 Powell, Judge, account of 298 
 
 Monument 268 
 
 PriEtentura, what 9 
 
 Praetorium, where. 13, 16 
 
 Preaching, curious 214 
 
 Prebendaries, &c 219, ie^. 
 
 Price, Robert, Judge 423 
 
 Thomas, Monument 315 
 
 Pricket, Bp 189 
 
 Prinknash 202 
 
 Prison, Monkish 263, 264 
 
 Pury, Thomas, Epitaph 32" 
 
 9- 
 
 Quaker, anecdote of , 
 QuKstorium, where. 
 
 190, 191 
 17 
 
 R. 
 
 Raikes, Robert 430 
 
 Rastell, Rev. John 428 
 
 Ravis, Bp 188 
 
 Recorders 421 
 
 Red hot balls fired 75 
 
 Registrars 208 
 
 Representatives of the City 408 
 
 Richard III. here 46 
 
 Robert of Gloucester 427 
 
 Robinson, Dr. Hugh 201 
 
 Roman Roads viii 
 
 Rowthall, Bp. Thomas 205 
 
 Rudd, Bp. Anthony 211 
 
 Russell, William 231 
 
 Rvder, Bp 198 
 
 Salter, Dr. Henry 223 
 
 Savage, Dr. Henry 220 
 
 Schools 230, 232, 300, 301, .S07, 435, 
 
 436, 437 
 Sebroke.Thomas, Abbot 1 78, 239, 243 
 
 See, endowment of. 184 
 
 Senhouse, Bp. Richard 212 
 
 Serlo, Abbot 160 
 
 Sheldon, Abp 224 
 
 Sheriffs 414 
 
 Ship furnished .53 
 
 Ship Money 53 
 
 Siege, long account of 64 — 84 
 
 houses destroyed in the . . 140 
 
 Smith, Bp 188 
 
 Smyth, Dr. John 227, 282 
 
 Snell,
 
 Snell, Mrs. Monument 3?7 
 
 Song School 232 
 
 Spa 438 
 
 Spencer, Lord, Letters of, relating to 
 
 the Siege, &c ix 
 
 Spunging-houses, ancient 53 
 
 Statera, Roman 21, 22 
 
 Stations, Roman, varieties of S, 15, 
 
 124, 126 
 
 Statues in the City 136 
 
 Staunton, Adam de. Abbot. . 1*4, 242 
 
 Stocks 137 
 
 Strachan , Dame Mary, Monument 27 6 
 
 Streets, Roman 7, S 
 
 ancient 138 
 
 Suburbana, what IS 
 
 Suburbs 440 
 
 Sunday Schools 436 
 
 Sydall, Bp 194 
 
 Synods ' 39, 40, 41 
 
 T. 
 
 Tallages 43 
 
 Taylor, John, the Water Poet . . 427 
 
 Temple here 23 
 
 Terliata Castra 13 
 
 Tesselated Pavements 16, 26 
 
 Theatre 437 
 
 Thompson, Bp 18S 
 
 Titulus,or|^^j^^^ 16 
 
 I utulus, J 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Tokey, John, Abbot 171, 242 
 
 Tolsey, or Tholsey 133, 437 
 
 Topham, John, Epitaph 281 
 
 Town Clerks 42'.i 
 
 Trade of Gloucester 423 
 
 Trinity, Holy, Church 134 
 
 '■ Parish ^78 
 
 Trye, Charles Brandon, account of29S 
 Tucker, Dean, account of. .216, 279 
 
 TuUy, Bp. Robert 244 
 
 Richard, Epitaph 320 
 
 Tumuli, military use 275 
 
 V. 
 
 Via PrfEtoria, &c 15 
 
 Vicar General 203 
 
 Villenage, curious trait of 166 
 
 Vineyard, at Over 200 
 
 Vines, when introduced 201 
 
 Vyner, Dean 215, 270 
 
 W. 
 
 Wakeman, Bp 185 
 
 Wales, Prince of, visits here 125 
 
 Walls, Roman, &c 54, 128, 129 
 
 Walton, Alderman, Monument. . 3G7 
 Wantner,Abel,hisCollections247,313 
 Warburton, Bp. account of 195, 279 
 Dean George 213 
 
 471 
 
 Washbourne, Dr 222, 267 
 
 Waugh, Bp 216 
 
 Webb, John, Epitaph 282 
 
 Wellington, Duke of, visits here . 124 
 
 Whispering Gallery 240 
 
 White Friers 299 
 
 White, Dr. Joseph 221 
 
 William, Epitaph 270 
 
 Whitfield 380 
 
 Widdowes, Thomas 231 
 
 Wilcocks, Bp 194 
 
 Will, nuncupative 166 
 
 William Rufus here 39 
 
 William and Mary, anecdote of. . 192 
 
 W illiams, Mrs. Monument 267 
 
 Willis, Bp 194 
 
 Winniffe, Bp. Thomas 213 
 
 Wintle, Rev. Thomas 430 
 
 Woolnough, Rev. Thomas 351 
 
 Workhouse 437 
 
 Workman, Rev. Giles 232 
 
 Worlds End, what 137 
 
 Wolton, Dean Nicholas 206 
 
 Wrench, Rev. Elias 231 
 
 Wulstan, Abbot 159 
 
 Wygmore, John, Abbot. . . . 173, 242 
 
 Y. 
 
 Yeoman, what 306 
 
 Yorke, Bp 197 
 
 Works hy the same Author, 
 
 1. BRITISH MONACHISM. 4to. New Edition.— Nichols amd Son. 
 
 2. ABRIDGMENT OF WHITBY'S COMMENTARY. 8vo.— Scatcherd. 
 
 3. THE WYE TOUR.— Nichols and Son. 
 
 Nearly ready for the Press, iy the same Author, 
 
 ABSTRACTS AND EXTRACTS OF SMYTHES LIVES OF THE BERKELEYS, 
 
 Illustrative of ancient Manners and the Constitution; 
 
 And including all the Pedigrees in that excellent Manuschipt. 
 
 To which is prefixed, 
 
 A copious History of the Town ami Castle of Berkeley; consisting of Matter never before publislieil. 
 
 In the course of Puilicalion, l-y Siihscription, 
 AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ANTIQUITIES, (BEING THE FIRST EVER EDlTi:i) IN ENGl.AXD.^ 
 
 In Twenty Numbeus, at Five Shillings each. 
 Subscribers' Names leccivcd by Mess. Nichols and Son, Red Lion Passage, Fleet Street.
 
 LIST OF PLATES. 
 
 1. Osrick's Monument Title-pagb. 
 
 2. Plan of Antient Gloucester (Lythographic) viii 
 
 3. Old Bridge and West Gate 130 
 
 4. The Old County Gaol, being the Remains of the Castle 156 
 
 5. Monument of Abbot Sebroke 178 
 
 6. Monument of Abbot Parker 183 
 
 7. View of Gloucester Cathedral, by Buckler 233 
 
 8. Parts of Gloucester Cathedral 237 
 
 9. Inside View of Our Lady's Chapel, seen from the East 239 
 
 10. Specimens of the Armorial Pavement in the Cathedral 247 
 
 11. Monument of King Edward the Second 251 
 
 12. Monument of Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy 252 
 
 13. Monument of Bishop Goldsborough 253 
 
 14. Monument ascribed to Lord and Lady Bohun 255 
 
 15. Monument of Alderman Blackleach and his Lady 255 
 
 16. South Porch of Gloucester Cathedral 261 
 
 17. West Gate of the College Precincts 265 
 
 18. Monument of Aldred, Archbishop of York * 265 
 
 19. Monument of Mrs. Williams 267 
 
 20. Monument of Mrs. Clent and Alderman Jones 2?6 
 
 21. Monument of Sir John Powell, Knt. one of the Justices of the Court of King's Bench 268 
 
 22. Monument of Ralph Bigland, Esq. Garter Principal King of Arms 274 
 
 23. Monument of Bishop Benson 274 
 
 24. Monument of Alderman Machen and his Lady 276 
 
 25. Monument of Dame Mary Strachan , 277 
 
 26. Remains of Lanthony Abbey 293 
 
 2". Remains of the Grey Friers, Gloucester 298 
 
 28. Church of St. John the Baptist 313 
 
 29. Monument of Thomas Price, Esq 315 
 
 30. Church of St. Mary de Crypt 323 
 
 31. Monument of Mrs. Snell 327 
 
 32. Church of St. Mary de Lode 341 
 
 33. Tomb in St. Mary de Lode Clmrch, erroneously ascribed to King Lucius 341 
 
 34. Church of St. Michael, South-East 350 
 
 35. North-West 351 
 
 36. Church of St. Nicliolas •. 361 
 
 37. Monument of Alderman Walton *. . i<\ 367 
 
 * Abp. Aldred was a Benefactor to the Church of Gloucester, and died in IO69. As this irfinuinent is evidently of a 
 
 later age, it was probably erected as a ttstimony of gratitude to his memory. 1 I y' 
 
 THE END. 
 
 ' n 
 
 3. Nichols and Son, Printers, 
 Red Lion Passage, Fleet Street, London-
 
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