THE VIEWPOINT SERIES Josephine Adams Rathbone, Editor VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY AN • ARRANGEMENT • OF • BOOKS ACCORDING • TO • THEIR ESSENTIAL- INTEREST BY Katherine Tappert Libarian New York Evening Post CHICAGO AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION PUBLISHING BOARD 1921 8693 THE VIEWPOINT SERIES ESSAYS IN INTERPRETIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY, EDITED BY JOSEPHINE ADAMS RATHBONE, VICE-DIRECTOR, PRATT INSTITUTE LIBRARY SCHOOL Viewpoints in Travel, by Josephine Adams Rathbone. Viewpoints in Biography, by Katherine Tap- pert, Librarian, New York Evening Post. In Preparation Viewpoints in Essays, by Marion Horton, Principal of the Los Angeles Library School. 1 \<^ PREFACE Like the preceding list, Viewpoints in Travel, this also aims to present a selection of books from a standpoint not usually considered. Biographies are generally thought of in connection with the person written about and not on account of the idea that dominated the individual's life nor because the personality brought out some very valuable contribution to life. Here, the plan has been to arrange biographies according to the subject or the idea that makes them stimulating or interesting without at- tempting to include the lives of all prominent or important people. There is probably no class of literature so large, that contains so few really fine examples of the form, as biography. This list, therefore, is not exhaustive. The most readable and lovable biographies and autobiographies have been chosen and they have been, in the main, annotated by those people who have had great appreciation for them. Mrs. Burr and Mr. Dunn have been most cordial in permitting me to quote from their books, "The Autobiography" and "English Biography," respectively. These have been valuable and delightful sources. Many others have assisted by giving opinion and advice and to them I am deeply indebted. No rare books have been included. Of necessity, some books that are out of print but accessible in libraries and book shops have been listed. The book market is as unsettled now as most things in the world and although the list was revised by Mr, Mel- cher of Publisher's Weekly, there are probably many books which will be out of print by the time this book appears. Because of frequent changes the prices of books have been omitted. New York K. T. 7 October 1920 4ZI73 CONTENTS Page Adams Family 7 Adventures 8 American Indians 9 Americanization 10 Art 11 Charming personalities 13 Childhood and youth 14 Concealed autobiographies 16 Conquerors 17 Democracy 17 Diplomatic memoirs 18 Economic problems 18 Education 19 English country life 20 English public life 20 Evolution 23 French life 23 Friendships 24 Gossipv memoirs 24 Great War 26 Literary genius 27 L/)ndon 30 Mid-Victorians 31 The Middle West 32 Missions 33 Music 33 Mysticism 35 Nature lovers 36 New England 38 New York 39 Orient 40 Parents and children 40 Pioneer women 41 Poetry 42 Political history 43 Pre-Raphaelitism 44 Publishers and press 44 Radiant adventures 45 Religious experiences 46 Page Renaissance 48 Romantic love 48 Russian life 49 Science 50 Sea 51 Self-studies 51 Self-made men 52 Social service 53 South 54 Stage 55 Stimulating lives 56 United States history 57 War between the States 58 The West 59 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY / am not made like anyone else I have ever known; yet if I am not belter, at least I am different. — Jean Jacques Rousseau. THE ADAMS FAMILY Few American families have made so much impression on the world as the Adamses. As a study in heredity these biographies and autobiographies would interest one who cared nothing for the accomplishments or the personalities of the individuals. Adams, John, 1735-1826. Morse, J. T., Jr. John Adams (American Statesmen). Houghton, 1900, Adams, John and Abigail (Smith), Familiar letters of John Adams and his wife Abigail Adams during the Revolu- tion, with a memoir of Mrs. Adams. Houghton, 1904. This is a new edition, the letters having been published originally in 1876. Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848. Morse, J. T., Jr. Life of John Quincy Adams. Houghton, 1899. Morse has covered the Adams period in an impartial way. His biogra- phies are most satisfactory and need only the occasional more intimate light of Brooks Adams's "Hermitage of Henry Adams," to give a com- plete picture of the two generations of the family. Adams, Charles Francis, 1807-1886. Adams, Charles Francis, n. Charles Francis Adams (American Statesmen). Houghton, 1900. Charles Francis Adams was the son of John Quincy Adams. He ren- dered invaluable service to the Government as Minister to England dur- ing the war between the states. Adams, Charles Francis, II, 1835-1918. An autobiography. Houghton, 1916. In the first place, a really strong personality values all things by its own scale. . . In the second place a strong personality impresses its own peculiar quality, its tastes, preferences, instinctive views with a force that somehow sets free new energy in those who come in contact with it. This is eminently true of Charles Francis Adams's personality as ex- pressed in his autobiography. — North American Review. 8 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Adams, Henry. The education of Henry Adams : an auto- biography. Houghton, 1918. Henry Adams and Charles Francis Adams, II, were sons of Charles Francis Adams, I. ADVENTURES Records of daring or endurance will be found also under the headings The Sea, Self-Made Men, and The West. Burge, C. O. Adventures of a civil engineer; fifty years on five continents. Rivers, 1909. As one might suppose these memoirs are not subjective, but we miss nothing of the fearlessness and the humor with which the author meets life. Cellini, Benvenuto. Life, translated by John Addington Symonds, with an introduction by Royal Cortissoz. 2 v. Brentano, 1917. Here is a man who is so full of energy that his life seems to be one desperate struggle and who is most at home in the periods of most over- powering excitement, whether firing guns at the siege of Rome, or pitch- ing all his plate into the furnace to help the fusing of the statue Perseus . . . . a man in short, who makes us wonder as we read whether the world has advanced or gone back. — Leslie Stephen. Davis, Richard Harding. Adventures and letters of Richard Harding Davis, edited by Charles Belmont Davis, 2 v. Scribner, 1917. These letters abound in adventure — all graphically and familiarly sketched — all touched with humor and the glow of romance. — North Amer- ican Review. Franklin, Sir John. Beesly, Augustus Henry. Sir John Frank- lin. Merrill & Baker, 1881. Arctic explorations that have never been equalled for their thrilling adventure as well as their scientific value. Galton, Francis. Memoirs of my life. Dutton, 1909. Francis Galton was an early explorer in South Africa and a pioneer in the study of heredity and eugenics. Herbert of Cherbury, Lord Edward. His life written by him- self. Houghton, 1905. In him we find the singular combination of fire-eating duelist with the man of high intellectual power. His thirst for chivalrous adventure may remind us of The Don or of Cellini. — Leslie Stephen. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 9 Lucy, Sir Henry. Sixty years in the wilderness. Button, 1909. Toby, M. P., has written a sequel to his "Nearing the Jordan." Life tremendously amused him. Moore, Sir John. Diary. 2 v. Longmans, 1904. This diary covers the war 1793-1808 — Corsica — St. Lucia, Irish rebellion and Egypt, all reflecting an absorbing personality. Osborn, Chase Salmon. Iron hunter. Macmillan, 1919. The invisible censor was not present when Mr. Osborn wrote his auto- biography, — fearlessly and at times eloquently, — of prospecting for iron and campaigning against civic vice with Pingree in Michigan. When Mr. Osborn writes of other things he stumbles and bruises his thought, but when he writes of iron he is crystalline, eloquent and com- prehensible. — Frederic Melcher. Pumpelly, Raphael. My reminiscences. 2 v. Holt, 1918. A fortunate and useful life in which the usefulness and the good for- tune are so mingled that one does not know which to call a cause, which a result, and in this especially fortunate that it nowhere waned in vigor and toward its end walked nearest to the shores of old romance. — The New Republic. Selous, Frederick Courteney. Millais, J. G. The life of Fred- erick Courteney Selous, D. S. O. Longmans, 1920. Selous has three claims to remembrance: one as a big game hunter; another as mediator between natives and white administrators in Africa and third as naturalist. — Adapted from N. Y. Evening Post. Stanley, Sir Henry Morton. Autobiography, ed. by Lady Stanley. Houghton, 1909. Wanderings in Great Britain and the U. S. during the Civil War and later through darkest Africa, from a narrative told at first by Sir Henry and later by Lady Stanley. AMERICAN INDIANS Books of much the same sort will be found under The West. Eastman, Charles Alexander. Indian boyhood. Little, 1902. From the deep wood to civilization; chapters in the autobiography of an Indian. Little, 1916. The author is a Sioux who lived with his tribe in the Northwest until he, with ideals for his race, went forth to college. 10 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Geronimo. Geronimo's story of his life taken down and ed. by S. H. Barrett. Duffield, 1906. A prisoner of war, the great Indian chief was extended the privilege of stating the causes "that impelled The Apaches to rebel against law." The story is simple but it reveals the Apache spirit — still flaming, Joseph, Chief of the Nez Perce. Howard, Oliver Otis. Nez Perce Joseph : an account of his ancestors, his lands, his confederates, his enemies, his murders, his war, his pur- suit and his capture. Lee & Shephard, 1881. LaCombe, Albert. Hughes, Katharine. Father LaCombe — the black robed voyageur. Moffatt, 1911. This shows Canada in the interesting period of its nineteenth century development. Sitting Bull. Johnson, Willis Fletcher. The red record of The Sioux: the life of Sitting Bull and history of the Indian war of 1890-1891. Edgewood, 1891. AMERICANIZATION The best proof that Americanization is possible and valuable lies in the stories of those who have been Americanized. Antin, Mary. Promised land. Houghton, 1912. An introspective autobiography of a Russian Jewish girl, who under the influence of the best she found in this country, became an enlightened, public-spirited American. Cohen, Rose. Out of the shadow. Doran, 1918. Rose Cohen's experience and her story of it is quite different from any of the others of this group. She has not risen to high estate and probably will not. But she has felt that thing which gives us faith in our country. Hale, Edward Everett. Hale, Edward Everett, jr. Life and letters of Edward Everett Hale. 2 v. Little, 1917. The spirit of this great American was immortalized in the story that won him undying fame, The man ivithout a country. Ravage, Marcus Eli. American in the making; the life story of an immigrant. Harper, 1917. Rihbany, Abraham Mitrie. A far journey. Houghton, 1914. Twenty-five years ago a young Syrian came to this country. He was penniless but he had a vision, and he is now a citizen of Boston, the pastor of a church. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 11" Riis, Jacob. Making of an American. Macmillan, 1916. The autobiography of a Danish-American, well-known as reporter and social service worker. Schurz, Carl. Reminiscences of Carl Schiirz. 2 v. McClure, 1907. The work consists of 3 v., the last owing to the author's death, having been edited by Frederic Bancroft and W. A. Dunning, and published by Doubleday. Schurz was a striking personality in national affairs for a decade before the Civil War. Steiner, Edward Alfred. From alien to citizen : the story of my life in America. Revell, 1914. Dr. Steiner, an Austrian Jew, came to America an immigrant and for years experienced steel-mills, mines and sweat shops — but rose above it all — having an unbounded faith, and finally became professor of Applied Christianity in Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa. ART Other books of art value are under the heading Pre-Raphael- ITISM. Armstrong, Maitland. Day before yesterday: reminiscences of a varied life, ed. by his daughter Margaret Armstrong. Scribner, 1920. The author of these casual but delightful reminiscences was a well- known figure in the artistic development of America, and he makes it easy to understand and appreciate the importance of the movement which produced artists like Saint Gaudens, McKim, La Farge and Homer, whose intimate friend and companion at home and abroad he was. All of the Centurians at the famous clubs in Forty-third street knew Armstrong, and all seem to have told him something we are glad to have passed on to us. He relates how he got Saint Gaudens his first job, and how he hung the American pictures at the first Paris Exposition, bringing down on his head the wrath of the critics for daring to "sky" for the first time in history, the famous Hudson River School. Above all, Maitland Arm- strong shows us how a good artist is better for being other things as well. Bonheur, Rosa. Stanton, Theodore, ed. Reminiscences of Rosa Bonheur. Appleton, 1910. Cellini, Benvenuto. Life, translated by John Addington Symonds. 2 v. Brentano, 1917. Chase, William Merritt. Roof, K. M. Life and art of Wil- liam Merritt Chase. Scribner, 1917. William Chase was a fine and picturesque figure in American art until the year of his death, 1916. 12 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Goya, Francisco. Stokes, Hugh. Francisco Goya. Putnam, 1914. Goya's art is most certainly the reflection of his personality, and so Hugh Stokes has treated it. The background is Spanish history and art of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Inness, George. Inness, George, II. Life, art and letters of George Inness. Century, 1917. A lovable person and a charming man is the subject of this biography which never fails to emphasize the American artist. La Farge, John. Cortissoz, Royal. John La Farge : a memoir and a study. Houghton, 1911. An intimate and sympathetic memoir by a friend of many years stand- ing with many of La Farge's opinions on art and men quoted in his own words. — A. L. A. Catalog, 1904-1911. Michelangelo. Symonds, J. A. Life of Michelangelo Buonar- roti. 2 V. Scribner, 1893. Ruskin, John. Praeterita : outlines of scenes and thoughts, perhaps worthy of memory in my past life. Estes, 1912. From Ruskin's curiously restrained childhood to the fulness of days on the continent we follow him, noting every change which environment registers. Saint Gaudens, Augustus. Reminiscences : ed. and amplified by Homer Saint Gaudens. 2 v. Century, 1913. No one is more closely connected with the development of nineteenth and twentieth century art, both as a teacher and as a worker. Vedder, Elihu. Digressions of "V." 2 v. Houghton, 1910. New York, Rome and Florence with many reminiscences give the artist the background that makes his digressions an illuminating autobiography. Velasquez. Stevenson, R. A. M. Velasquez. Macmillan, 1899. Whistler, James McNeill. Pennell, Mrs. E. R. and Joseph. Life of James McNeill Whistler, 2 v. Lippincott, 1908. What a magnificent subject for a biography Mr. Whistler makes, — none better since Johnson died. Always filling the center of the stage by right of a brilliant and fantastic personality . . . snatching ardently at friendship and strewing his path with enemies. — Life. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 13 CHARMING PERSONALITIES So many of the most readable and altogether delightful bits of life have their greatest value in the dissemination of charm. Many of the books grouped under Radiant Adventures have similar attractiveness. Anderson, Mary, afterward Mme. de Navarro. A few mem- ories. Harper, 1896. Mary Anderson was never a great actress but always a charming one. Her memories have so much to do with her Hfe in the social world that they are hardly a contribution to the literature of the stage. Benson, Robert Hugh. Benson, Arthur Christopher. Hugh: memoirs of a brother. Longmans, 1915. An attractive recollection of Robert Hugh Benson by his brother, of whom it is said : "Mr. Benson can be frank about personal things without ever touching a false note." — New Statesman. Carroll, Lewis. Collingwood, Stuart Dodgson. Life and let- ters of Lewis Carroll. Century, 1898. A biography of the man who created the immortal Alice. Godolphin, Margaret, Evelyn, John. Life of Margaret Godol- phin. Luce, 1905. Not a complete biography, but so filled with personality that it remains literature. Hearn, Lafcadio. Hearn, Setsu (Koizumi), (Mrs. Lafcadio Hearn). Reminiscences of Lafcadio Hearn translated from the Japanese by Paul Kiyoshi Hisada and Frederick Johnson. Houghton, 1918. Jenkin, Fleeming. Stevenson, Robert Louis. Memoir of Fleem- ing Jenkin. Scribner, 1905. "You can propound nothing but he has either a theory about it ready- made or will have one instantly on the stocks, and proceed to lay its timbers and launch it in your presence." Jenkin, an interesting scientist, died, unfortunately, before he arrived at the fulness of power — and Stevenson goes on to say: "If Jenkin, after his death, shall not continue to make new friends the fault will be alto- gether mine." Krasinska, Franciszka, Countess — Journal : translated from the Polish by Kasimer Djiekonska. McClurg, 1896. Gives with charming naivete a picturesque account of high life in Poland at the middle of the last (18th) century. — Nation. 14 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Lamb, Charles. Letters. 2 v. Macmillan, 1889. They are not in the least like anyone else's. They defy classification and escape analysis. Humor and fancy run through them all, but it is Lamb's humor and Lamb's fancy. Nothing occurs in them but the un- expected. — Paul's, Men and letters. Lucas, Edward Verrall. Life of Charles Lamb. 2 v. Putnam, 1913. Mr. Lucas gives not so much of the literary genius as of the daily unselfish life of the man whose writing was sometimes a refuge and again his "severe step-wife." Nothing of Lamb's whimsical spirit and lovable character is lost, nor his friendly intercourse with men of his time. — Alice R. Eaton. Lear, Edward. Letters to Chichester Fortescue, Lord Car- lingford and Frances, Countess Waldegrave; edited by Lady Strachey. Duffield, 1908. Lear is a genuine poet. For what is his nonsense except the poetical imagination a little twisted out of its course? Lear had the true poet's feeling for words — words in themselves precious and melodious like phrases of music; personal as human beings. — Athenceum. Moody, William Vaughn. Some letters of William Vaughn Moody, edited with an introduction by D. G. Mason. Houghton, 1913. Letters from the poet's intimate correspondence reveal his delightful and vigorous personality. Ogilvy, Margaret. Barrie, James Matthew. Margaret Ogilvy, by her son. Scribner, 1896. All the charm that is Barrie is here. Stanhope, Lady Hester. Hamel, Frank. Lady Hester Lucy Stanhope : a new light on her life and love affairs. Funk, 1913. Lady Hester left England after a glorious girlhood to live in unprece- dented triumph in Palestine for many years. The end of her life is a tragedy bound to come to anyone whose nature was as complexly woven as Lady Hester's. CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH If we accept the technical definition of biography these de- lightful things would be excluded. But they form a part of autobiographical literature too important from the psycho- logical point of view to be ignored. Aksakov, Sergei Timofeievich. Years of childhood, translated from the Russian by J. D. Duff. Longmans, 1916. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 15" Russian schoolboy, translated from the Russian by J. D. Dufif. Longmans, 1917. There is much of the out-of-doors in these two volumes that tells of the author's early life. The impressions of his childhood were effected by the things he saw — and he saw much in the open, since excursions of one kind or another were a part of the family life. Andersen, Hans Christian. The story of my life. Houghton, 1871. In this the actual facts are like morsels of quicksilver in the hand. One can not lay hold of them. — Anna Robeson Burr. Brandes, Georg. Reminiscences of my childhood and youth. Dufifield, 1906. Fascinated even in childhood with love of knowledge, he found himself wrestling, almost at every hour, with some new riddle. — Paul Harboe. Burnett, Frances Hodgson. The one I knew best of all : a memory of the mind of a child; illustrated by R. B. Birch. Scribner, 1893. This ranks with Pierre Loti's "Story of a child" as a classic of reminis- cent autobiography. — Bessie Graham. Fleming, Marjorie. Macbean, Leila. Marjorie Fleming: the story of Pet Marjorie, together with her journals and her letters; to which is added Marjorie Fleming, a story of child-life fifty years ago by John Brown, M. D. Putnam, 1904. She read history when six years old, and wrote diaries and poems which were preserved by her family. They show singular quickness, vivacity and humor. — Dictionary of National Biography. France, Anatole. Aly friend's book. Lane, 1905. All of the exquisiteness of French writing is in this book which is con- tinued in Pierre Noziere, and La petite Pierre. Gorky, Maxim. My childhood. Century, 1915. In the world. Century, 1917. A lonely imaginative boy, growing up among disturbing and quarrelsome lower class Russians was impressed with the sordidness of his existence. Gosse, Edmund. Father and son. Scribner, 1907. A child's individuality develops in a most austere Puritan home. Hudson, William Henry. Far away and long ago. Button, 1918. The book describes "the most interesting part of his life," the part 16 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY which ended when he was fifteen. After that came much illness and pain. — Bessie Graham. Jeffries, Richard. Story of my heart. Longmans, 1898. Sheer joy of living in a beautiful world idealized the longings of the boy. Edmund Lester Pearson says: "It is musical prose and like all of his books one to be read in the open." Loti, Pierre. Story of a child, translated by C. F. Smith. Birchard, 1901. Muir, John. Story of my childhood and youth. Houghton, 1913. The delightful naturalist has written a subjective biography that should be every boy's companion. Pater, Walter. Child in the house. Dodd, 1909. Renan, Ernest. Recollections of my youth, translated from the original by C. B. Pitman and revised by Mme. Renan. Chapman, 1883. Out of print. Since it was Renan's theory that autobiography is to transmit to others the theory of the universe which the author carries within himself, we have very little information here concerning the outward events of this life. But we do have most of the influences that brought about even the subtlest change in his life. Tolstoy, Leo, Count. Childhood, boyhood and youth, tr. by C. J. Hogarth. (Everyman's Library) Button, 1912. The charming autobiography of his youth is supplemented by Tolstoy's Diaries, that carry his life into later years. CONCEALED AUTOBIOGRAPHIES This is a fertile field and it would have been boundless if the compiler had not excluded the novels which might come under this heading. Borrov/, George. Lavengro ; the scholar, the gypsy, the priest. Putnam, 1914. Borrow had an unrivalled capacity for dashing truth with fiction and brewing fable with a spice of fact. — Thomas Seccombe. De Quincy, Thomas. Confessions of an English opium eater. (Everyman's Library) Button, 1907. I contemplated in these confessions to emblazon the power of opium — not over bodily disease and pain but over the grander and more shadowy world of dreams. — Author, VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 17 Gissing, George. Private papers of Henry Ryecroft. Button, 1906. Gissing's life was a struggle — how great an one we realize on reading the papers. For though Mr. Gissing's book comes in the guise of fiction it is impossible to regard it other than a spiritual autobiography. Leith, Compton. Apologia diffidentis. Lane, 1912. An intimate revelation of a sensitive, shy, reserved nature. CONQUERORS Alexander the Great. Wheeler, Benjamin Ide. Alexander the Great : the merging of the East and the West in universal history. (Heroes of Nations) Putnam, 1900. An interpretation of the significance of Alexander who was a great man in aim and achievement. — William G. Ross. Caesar, Julius. Froude, James Anthony. Julius Caesar. Scribner, 1879. A delightful book and a careful study of the conversion of the Roman republic into a military empire. — William G. Ross. Napoleon. Rosebery, A. P. P. 5th earl of. Napoleon, the last phase. Harper, 1900. England's finest tribute to Napoleon is Lord Rosebery's biography. It is not a tribute from all English people but it is one from the imaginative sympathetic few that the author represents. Sloane, William Milligan. Life of Napoleon Bonaparte. 4 V. Century, 1910. DEMOCRACY Carpenter, Edward. My days and dreams; being autobio- graphical notes. Scribner, 1916. Carpenter read Whitman at 25 but one gathers from his rather infor- mal autobiography that from his earliest recollections he was on his way "toward democracy." Kropotkin, Peter Alexeievitch, Prince. Memories of a revolu- tionist. Houghton, 1899. One of the few big persons who stood for pure Democracy. Whitman, Walt. Perry, Bliss. Walt Whitman : his life and work. Houghton, 1906. No one is more difficult to interpret than Whitman. Either he is admired extravagantly as by Traubel, or is done less than justice as in 18 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY this case. However, this biography is the best as the work now stands, but it is hoped that soon one of the judicious admirers of Whitman will begin work on the biography. DIPLOMATIC MEMOIRS The diplomatic interest is strong in many of the books hsted under Gossipy Memoirs. Bismarck, Otto von. Robertson, Charles Grant. Bismarck. (Makers of the 19th century) Holt, 1918. Mr. Robertson has written one of the biographical masterpieces of English historical scholarship. No one can fail to be impressed by the supreme fairness of Mr. Robertson's portrait. — Harold J. Laski in New Republic. Foster, John Watson. Diplomatic memoirs. 2 v. Houghton, 1909. This diplomat's life is revealed with no light touch but his revelations have a value in the history of American diplomacy. Gallatin, James, Diary of James Gallatin, secretary to Albert Gallatin, a great peacemaker. 1813-1827. Scribner, 1916. A very critical period in diplomatic history is covered by this debonair young secretary and his observations are quite accurate as well as spirited. Metternich, Prince. Sandeman, George A. C. Metternich. New York. Brentano, 1911. Stein, freiherr von. Seeley, John Robert. Life and times of Stein or Germany and Prussia in the Napoleonic age. 3 v. Putnam, 1904. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS There are also many economic problems discussed in the bi- ographies under Social Service. Fagan, James Octavius. Autobiography of an individualist. Houghton, 1912. After years of adventure in South America and South Africa Mr. Fagan came to the United States where he has been connected with promi- nent railway systems. Place, Francis. Wallas, Graham. Life of Francis Place. Knopf, 1919. The tailor of Charing Cross was one of the great figures in politics in Victorian England. His social theories were highly respected by Bent- VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 19 ham, Mill and Cobden. He preserved them in volumes of letters and many manuscripts and clippings and from these Mr. Wallas has evolved the biography that has from 1898 to 1919 passed through three editions. Willard, Josiah Flynt. My life by Josiah Flynt, pseud. Out- ing, 1908. Vagrancy was so alluring that much of Willard's life was devoted to it. He made some study of economic problems, however, and gave them to the world in "Tramping with tramps" and "The world of graft." EDUCATION Here theories are discussed and methods criticized in no technical way. From these ideas one may perhaps at last de- termine "what it is to be educated." Adams, Henry, The education of Henry Adams: an auto- biography. Houghton, 1918. Adams has none of that anecdotal inconsequentiality which is a bad tradition in English recollections. He saved himself from mere recol- lections by taking the world as an educator and himself as an experiment in education. His two big books were contrasted as Mont-Sant-Micliel and Chartres : a study of thirteenth century unity, and the Education of Henry Adams: a study of twentieth century multiplicity. The stress of multiplicity was all the more important because he considered himself eighteenth century to start with, and had in fact the unity of simple Americanism at the beginning. There is no single dullness in 505 large pages. — Francis Hackett. Arnold, Thomas. Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn. Life of Thomas Arnold. Scribner, 1898. A remarkably sympathetic yet discriminating life of the man who changed the face of education all through the public schools of England, in the first half of the nineteenth century, "the champion alike of reverent faith and independent thought," "the hero of schoolmasters" — by a devoted Rugby pupil not less famous than his master. Dr. Arnold was one of the strongest moral and religious forces of his time and this biography shows him so in thought and action. — Robert R. Henderson. Mill, John Stuart. Autobiography. Holt, 1904. A character that was warped by none of the more unintelligent attitudes of the human mind. — John Morley. Palmer, Alice Freeman. Palmer, George Herbert. The life of Alice Freeman Palmer. Houghton, 1908. Both Mrs. Palmer and her husband were so fascinated with education and its effect on life that with no effort this book is the exponent of their thought. Rousseau, Jean Jacques. Confessions. 2 v. Lippincott, 1905. He was able to watch and to cast into words the play of life upon his vibrating, hypersensitive nerves, as few others have been able to do, and 20 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY the value of the Confessions deepens with the advance of psychology. — Anna Robeson Burr. Smith, Goldwin. Reminiscences. Ed. by Arnold Haultain, Macmillan, 1910. The nineteenth century knew no greater educator in England, Canada or United States. Spencer, Herbert. Autobiography. 2 v. Appleton, 1904. Spencer exhibits a life, for perhaps the first time in history, entirely organized on a national and scientific basis. Each separate action is referred to general laws. He turns back upon action directed towards a certain end to examine with an almost pathetic refinement whether as a matter of fact the end has been attained. — Contemporary Review. ENGLISH COUNTRY LIFE Carpenter, William Boyd. Some pages of my life. Scribner, 1911. Further pages from my life. Scribner, 1917. The ways of man, the shortcomings of clergymen, the life of a rural vicarage and the personalities of several English leaders are revealed in these volumes. Coke, Thomas William. Stirling, A. M. W. Coke of Norfolk and his friends : the life of Thomas William Coke, first earl of Leicester of Holcome. Lane, 1912. Thomas William Coke was one of the first scientific agriculturists. He loved the land and all that pertained to it. Edgeworth, Maria. Lawless, Emily. Maria Edgeworth. (English Men of Letters) Macmillan, 1904. A beautiful Irish life and a charming woman add to the literary value of this sketch. ENGLISH PUBLIC LIFE The list under Mid-Victorians also includes men and women who were influential in English public life. Bancroft, Mrs. Elizabeth (Davis). Letters from England, 1846-1849. Scribner, 1904. While George Bancroft was minister to England these letters were writ- ten by his wife who accompanied him. "She saw everything with Ameri- can eyes." — Dial. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 21 Bright, John. Trevelyan, G. M. Life of John Bright. Hough- ton, 1913. England's industrial life and the tremendous question of its Victorian era could have no finer exponent than John Bright whom every one respected and many loved. Burney, Frances (Mme. D'Arblay). Diary and letters (1778- 1840) with notes by W. C. Ward and prefaced by Lord Macaulay's essay. 3 v. Warne. Frances Burney wrote a diary almost from the cradle to the grave. She met all sorts of people and portrayed all sorts from the top of society to the bottom. And through this infinite diversity of spiritual contact, she carried an eagle eye, an untiring pen and a singularly amiable dis- position. — Gamaliel Bradford. Coke, Thomas William. Stirling, A. M. W. Coke of Norfolk and his friends: the life of Thomas William Coke, first earl of Leicester of Holcome. Lane, 1912. Legislation that referred to land and labor particularly interested Coke during his public life — but even though he was a politician, he never, as he said, "received a farthing of the public money — my hands are clean." Cornwallis-West, Mrs. Jennie (Jerome). The reminiscences of Lady Randolph Churchill. Century, 1908. From 1869-1900 these reminiscences cover the interesting diplomatic, political and social life of England and the Continent. Disraeli, Benjamin. Monypenny, W. F. and Buckle, G. E. The life of Benjamin Disraeli, earl of Beaconfield. 6 v. Macmillan, 1910-1920. The genius of Disraeli was a world-genius and is not to be measured by anything achieved within the boundaries of a small island. England in his eyes was always something larger than the forty countries of the geography books. He believed in race and for him England was the English race all over the world. At the end of his last volume Mr. Buckle prints an extremely interesting and subtle study of Disraeli which was found among Mr. Monypenny's papers. Mr. Monypenny begins it by say- ing, "I have sometimes been asked if my book would at last dispel the mystery that surrounds Disraeli, and my answer has invariably been that unless the mystery remained when I had finished my labors, I should have failed in my task of portraiture; for mystery was the essence of the man." That is a profound remark. — London Times. Evelyn, John. Diary and correspondence. 2 v. (Everyman's Library) Dutton, 1907. This diarist had not the winning personality of Pepys but he covered a longer period in a more scholarly way. 22 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Fox, Charles James. Trevelyan, George Oliver. Early his- tory of Charles James Fox. Harper, 1904. There is no better picture of the transition from old to new methods of statesmanship and no more fascinating character in the transition than Fox. Gladstone, William Ewart. Morley, John. Life of William Ewart Gladstone. 3 v. Macmillan, 1903. A master-piece of historical writing in which the interest is absorbing, the authority indisputable, and the skill consummate. Labouchere, Henry. Thorold, A. L. Life of Henry La- bouchere. Putnam, 1913. This is a book of varied and sustained interest, but somehow fails to be completel}- satisfying. This fact, however, may be a subtle recommen- dation. A life that was in some senses '"manque" does not go ill with a biography that here and there is broken and disappointing. The ownership of "Truth" which Labouchere took up for amusement brought him fame and much money, which he did not need, making the experience more piquant. His best labor he long gave to politics. His highest ambitions were frustrated yet Labouchere was not embittered. — Nation. Macaulay, Thomas Babington. Trevelyan, George Oliver. Life and letters of Lord Macaulay. 2 v. Harper, 1876. Trevelyan himself says, "Macaulay's was one of the happiest lives it has ever fallen to the lot of a biographer to record." McCarthy, Justin. Reminiscences. 2 v. Harper, 1899. An Irishman's story. Macmillan, 1904. More, Sir Thomas. Roper, William. Sir Thomas More. Luce, 1905. Sometime before the close of Mary's reign in 1558, William Roper, the son-in-law of Sir Thomas More, sat down to commit to writing what he could remember and gather from friends in regard to the distinguished and unfortunate English Chancellor. The narrative is brief and incom- plete and of course contains inaccuracies; yet the stately simplicity of the style, the pathetic reserve of the writer and the atmosphere of truth pervading all, mark it as a work of great value. — Waldo H. Dunn. Morley, John. Recollections. 2 v. Macmillan, 1917. The Recollections are a modest, temperate and frank history of a great and liberal mind in action, upon great subjects and events. The final chapter, "A word of Epilogue," is one of poetic wistfulness and restrained motion in classic prose. — Robert R. Henderson. Pepys, Samuel. Diary and correspondence. 4 v. Macmillan, 1889-1897. Perpetually the most amusing of gossips; and of all who have gossiped about themselves and their times probably the only one who tells the truth. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 23 Raleigh, Sir Walter. Selincourt, Hugh de. Great Raleigh. Putnam, 1908. Elizabethan England and this admirable man have no better repre- sentative than in this book. EVOLUTION Darwin, Charles R. Life and letters. 2 v. Appleton, 1888. As much the history of a great idea as an autobiography. Fiske, John. Clark, John Spencer. Life and letters of John Fiske. 2 v. Houghton, 1917. No American of his generation thought more valuably than Fiske and none wrote more clearly on the subject of evolution than he. Huxley, Thomas Henry. Huxley, Leonard. Life and letters of Thomas Henry Huxley by his son Leonard Huxley. 2 V. Macmillan, 1900. No points in Huxley's theories are left in the dark and the Romanes lecture of 1893 is fully discussed. Wallace, Alfred Russell. My life. 2 v. Dodd, 1905. FRENCH LIFE Eugenie, Empress of the French. Fleury, comte. IMemoirs of the Empress Eugenie. 2 v. Appleton, 1920. The Second Empire seems far aw^ay but only yesterday the most bril- liant figure in that Empire lived. Her fascinating personality, however, is lost in the history of that 1870 period when she was willing to lose her personality in the great game of Empires. Gallatin, James. Diary of James Gallatin, secretary to Albert Gallatin, a great peace maker, 1813-1827. Scribner, 1916. This delightful diary was first published in 1914. It covers a short period but it reveals personality completely. Mistral, Frederic. Memoirs ; tr. by C. E. Maude. Doubleday, 1907. Provengal is a delightful place and Mistral, the poet of the province, a delightful man whose years from 1830-1860 are given us in this narra- tive. Napoleon. Hudson, William Henry. The Man Napoleon. Crowell, 1914. History only as far as it is essential is here — but the man is vivid. 24 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Sevigne, marquise de. Aldis, Janet. Queen of letter writers, Marquise de Sevigne. Putnam, 1907. This book has for some time been out of print but it may be found in most public libraries so it has been included. Louis XIV's period has no more brilliant representative than Mme. Sevigne. Villon, Frangois. Stacpoole, H. de Vere, Villon, his life and times. Putnam, 1917. This is France of Villon's day and Villon — without destroying the charm of enshrouding mystery. Voltaire. Tallentyre, S. G. Life of Voltaire. Smith, Elder &Co. 1904. There is nothing of the works of Voltaire in this biography but this is the man and his social environment making a vivid and picturesque study. FRIENDSHIPS Hay, John. Thayer, William Roscoe. The life and letters of John Hay. 2 v. Houghton, 1915. The diplomat, the charming friend and gifted author, but little of the Secretary of State, appears in this which is a personal biography — not a record of the times. Meredith, George. Letters collected and edited by his son. 2 V. Scribner, 1912. No one had a more poignant feeling for his friends who were in dis- tress than Meredith. This is one of the great attributes that his letters reveal to us. Saint Gaudens, Augustus. Reminiscences : ed. and amplified by Homer Saint Gaudens. 2 v. Century, 1913. The art of making and keeping friends was one of the many arts that Saint Gaudens had as a gift of nature. Stevenson, Robert Louis. Letters to his family and friends. 2 V. Scribner, 1901. Beyond biographic interest — there is beauty of description — quaint hu- mor — wisdom — criticism — all the heart of the man. GOSSIPY MEMOIRS Blaine, Mrs. Harriet Bailey. Letters of Mrs. James G. Blaine, edited by Harriet Blaine Beale. Duffield, 1908. The letters written between 1869 and 1889 give a vivid idea of Wash- ington life as well as an intimate picture of the wife of an official, a sin- cere woman who thoroughly lived. VIEWPOINTS l^ BIOGRAPHY 25 Fraser, Mrs. Mary Crawford, Diplomatist's wife in many lands. Dodd, 1918. Reminiscences of a diplomatist's wife. Dodd, 1912. Well written are these memoirs that touch almost every country in Europe and the Orient and finally add glorious days in Francis Marion Crawford's villa in Italy. Gramont, Philibert, comte de. Hamilton, Anthony, Count. Memoirs of Count Gramont, tr. by Abel Boyer; rev. and ed. by Sir Walter Scott. Dutton, 1905. French and English fashionable life of the 17th century He before us. Hobson, Mrs. Elizabeth Kimball. Recollections of a happy life. Putnam, 1916. To live a long life happily is a rare and impressive achievement. In 1850 Elizabeth Kimball sailed around Cape Horn. Later she married and lived in Peru. When she returned to the United States, Mrs. Hobson was active as a moving force for good. Lazarovich-Hrebelianovich, Eleanor Hulda (Calhoun), Prin- cess. Pleasures and palaces; memoirs. Century, 1915. " After a successful career as an actress in Europe, Miss Calhoun married a Serbian prince and devoted herself to the Serbian people. Pepys, Samuel. Diary and correspondence. 4 v. Macmillan, 1889-1897. The eupeptic Pepys ! To read him is a perpetual tonic, a reminder of the endless exuberance, comedy and curiosity of human affairs. Pepys' Diary is the most exhilarating love story ever written — the story of his zealous, jocund, inquisitive love of life. But — no woman should be al- lowed to read it. He gives away too many of the secrets of our sex. — Christopher Morley. St. Helier, Mary (Stewart-Mackenzie) Jeune, Baroness. Mem- oirs of fifty years. Long-mans, 1909. From the Duke of Wellington through Queen Victoria's reign we follow a pleasant interpretation of the life of a gentlewoman and her friends — many distinguished people. Sladen, Douglas. Twenty years of my life. Dutton, 1915. A journalist and an artist, the author knew all of the most entertaining and celebrated people — but he weaves more than gossip into the delightful journal. Taft, Helen Herron. Recollections of full years by Mrs. Wil- liam H. Taft. Dodd, 1914. The Tafts spent all but one of the first twenty-five years of their married life in public service. Delightful details of men and events connected , with these years fill Mrs. Taf t's memoirs. 26 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Waddington, Mrs. Mary A. (King). Italian letters of a diplo- mat's Avife. 1880-1904. Scribner, 1905. Letters of a diplomat's wife, 1883-1900. Scribner, 1903. The American born wife of a French diplomat and ambassador has a life crowded with vivid impressions and interesting experiences in Mos- cow, Rome and London. GREAT WAR— 1914 The Great War, 1914-1918, revealed delicate and delightful personalities through letters to the families of the men in service. Some of these men rightfully belong to other inter- ests as well, but since the war has made them known to us it seems fitting that they should be grouped with it, Adams, Briggs Kilburn. American Spirit, with a preface by Arthur Stanwood Pier. Atlantic monthly press, 1919. The writer of these letters was in France most of the time from the summer of 1916 until he was killed in March, 1918. He served as an ambulance driver and later in aviation. "(They are) not only gallant and beautiful in their feeling but singularly elevated in their style, as though his new experience had lifted him into new levels of expression and given to his language something of the clearness and freshness of the upper air." — Francis G. Peabody. Allier, Roger. Allier, Raoul Scipion Philippe & Allier, Mrs. Raoul. Roger Allier, by his parents. Assoc, press, 1919. Like thousands of others, Roger Allier gave up his life for France. Particularly one feels here the great value of the training for the Chasseurs Alpins, Allier's organization. Beyond anything, it was a moral training for the conflict which he entered. Brooke, Rupert. Marsh, Edward Howard. Rupert Brooke: a memoir. Lane, 1918. Youth and poetry are the links binding the children of the world to come to the grandsires of the world that was. War will smash, pulverize, sweep into the dust-bins of eternity the whole fabric of the old world ; therefore the first born in intellect must die. Is that the reading of the riddle? — Sir Ian Hamilton. Chapin, Harold. Letters of a dramatist, being the letters of Harold Chapin, American citizen who died for England at Loos, on September 26. 1915. Lane, 1916. Chapman, Victor Emanuel. 1890-1916. Victor Chapman's let- ters from France — with memoirs by John Jay Chapman. Macmillan, 1917. His father's memoirs preceding Victor Chapman's letters completes the boy's life. "Great hearted, loj'al, reckless for a friend; not counting risks, VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 27 cool headed, clear of sight, he gave himself to serve a lofty end." — John Heard, jr. Guynemer, Georges. Bordeaux, Henry. Georges Guynemer, knight of the air; tr. from the French by Louise Morgan Sill, with an introduction by Theodore Roosevelt. Yale, 1918. "The strange youth who flew into fame and then flew out of life." Kilmer, Joyce. Joyce Kilmer ed. with a memoir by Robert Cortes Holliday. 3 v. Doran, 1918. Prince, Norman. Babbitt, George Franklin. Norman Prince — a volunteer who died for the same cause he loved. Houghton, 1918. A member of the Lafayette flying squadron, who was killed in 1916. LITERARY GENIUS The study of genius is a fascinating subtopic of psychology which can best be studied in biographies and autobiographies of the "creators." Other examples will be found under Poetry. Aldrich, Thomas Bailey. Greenslet, Ferris. Life of Thomas Bailey Aldrich. Houghton, 1908. Charm and reticence are necessary in writing of the author who has both qualities. Bronte, Charlotte. Gaskell, E. C. Life of Charlotte Bronte, with an introduction by Clement Shorter. Haworth ed., Harper, 1900. As one reads of Keighley and Haworth and the Bronte family there is the feeling that this life of Charlotte Bronte is one of her own stories. Butler, Samuel. Jones, Henry Festing. The life of Samuel Butler. 2 v. Macmillan, 1919. If Butler had said nothing else his "Way of all flesh" would have made him worth listening to. There is no more original figure in English liter- ature than Butler. Byron, Lord. Moore, Thomas. Letters and journals of Lord Byron with notices of his life. 6 v. Scribner. Moore knew, being a man of letters, that what was wanted was precisely this — to let Byron speak for himself. There had been endless speaking God's great gift of speech abused Made the memory confused of almost everybody on the subject. But it may be safely said that nothing that can ever come out will be incompatible with Lord Byron made known to us by Moore. — George Saintsbury. 28 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Carlyle, Thomas. Thomas Carlyle, a history of the first forty years of his life ; ed. by J. A. Froude. 2 v. Scribner, 1882. Thomas Carlyle, a history of his life in London; ed. by J. A. Froude. 2 v. Scribner, 1884. To one who reads with open unprejudiced mind, the story of Carlyle's life unrolls itself with a power not unlike that of the greatest Greek dramas. We see before our very eyes the pilgrimage of Carlyle from birth to death. We see his Titanic struggle with life; we see him go down into the darkening shadows. One feels oneself growing old with the hero, as one proceeds to the end of the volumes. — Waldo H. Dunn. Dickens, Charles. Forster, John. Life of Charles Dickens. 2 V. Gadshill ed. Scribner. Eliot, George. Cross, J. W. George Eliot's life as related in her letters and journals arranged and edited by her hus- band, J. W. Cross. 3 V. Harper, 1885. George Eliot led the life of a studious recluse with none of the variety and motion and the large communication with the outer world. Gibbon, Edward. Autobiography. Everyman's Library ed. Dutton, 19n. Memoirs edited by Henry Morley. Dutton, 1914. When in imagination we take that famous turn with Gibbon upon that terrace at Lausanne beneath the covered walk of acacias, gaze upon the serene moon and the silent lake and hear him soliloquize upon the con- clusion of the "Decline and fall" we feel that we are in the presence of a man who has the right to his complacency. — Leslie Stephen. Goldsmith, Oliver. Irving, Washington. Oliver Goldsmith. 2 V. Putnam, 1897. One of the best biographies in the whole range of English literature. — C. F. Richardson. Johnson, Samuel. Boswell, James. Life of Samuel Johnson, LL. D.; ed. by George Birbeck Hill. 6 v. Harper, 1891. Boswell's book is an arch of triumph, through which, as we read, we see his hero passing into eternal fame. . . . — Augustine Birrell. Leland, Charles Godfrey. Pennell, Elizabeth Robins. Charles Godfrey Leland : a biography. 2 v. Houghton, 1906. This is the life of a man who would have been interesting because of his many tastes — but the fact that he was responsible for the Hans Breit- man poems gives him a unique place in our literary history. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 29 Lowell, James Russell. Letters (1827-1891); ed. by C. E. Norton. 2 v. Harper, 1894. Moore, George. Hail and farewell. 3 v. Appleton, 1911. The reader might fling down these three volumes, perhaps amused and then ashamed of being amused at the scandalous chronicler of others' lives, sick of a surfeit of ignoble meditations and malicious attributions; and then, again, turning to a new page, a new charm is felt, malice is forgot and the reader gains a new pleasure for memory. — London Mercttry. Norton, Charles Eliot. Letters. 2 v. Houghton, 1913. Poe, Edgar Allan. Woodberry, George Edward. Life of Edgar Allan Poe; including his correspondence with men of letters. 2 v. Houghton, 1909. This is an enlarged edition of the biography that appeared in 1885 in the American men of letters series. Much new and interesting material makes Poe more fascinating than ever. Sand, George. History of my life. Roberts, 1893. Out of print. Of whatever lacunae we may justly accuse George Sand, 5Tt the "Story of my life" remains to us the most complete, striking and finished pres- entation of the development and progress of what we term creative imagination. — Anna Robeson Burr. Scott, Sir Walter. Lockhard, John Gibson. Memoirs of the life of Sir Walter Scott. 5 v. Houghton, 1902. We have the full portrait of the man. The defects are blazoned by the intense light of genius and goodness and thus displayed, how slight they are. — Andrew Lang. Shakespeare, William. Lee, Sidney. Life of Shakespeare. Macmillan, 1916. Sidney Lee was knighted for the work he did in Shakespearean research. He says, "I can not promise my readers any startling revelations. But my researches have enabled me to remove some ambiguities which puzzled my predecessors, and to throw light on one or two topics that have hith- erto obscured the course of Shakespeare's career." — Preface. Sharp, William. Sharp, Mrs. Elizabeth A. William Sharp. (Fiona McCleod) ; a memoir. Duffield, 1910. Letters from the most important and the most interesting painters and writers of the past quarter of a century form a part of this exceptional memoir of a man whose personality was at times almost bewildering. Stevenson, Robert Louis. Balfour, Graham. Life of Robert Louis Stevenson. Scribner, 1901. 30 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Abridged ed. Scribner, 1911. This life, by his cousin, is considered the authoritative life of Stevenson. The letters under the heading FRIENDSHIP are an essential part of his biography. Swinburne, Algernon Charles. Gosse, Edmund. The life of Algernon Charles Swinburne. Macmillan, 1917. This was the first Swinburne biography and it is sympathetically written by a friend. Tennyson, Alfred. Tennyson, H. T. Alfred, Lord Tennyson, a memoir. 2 v. Macmillan, 1897. A record so full as perhaps has never been given to the world of the growth and progress of the mind of a great imaginative artist. — Edmund Gosse. Trollope, Anthony. Autobiography. Harper, 1883. "The publication of Anthony Trollope's autobiography in some degree accounts for the neglect into which he and his works fell so soon after his death. I should like to believe it, for such a fact would be, from one point of view, a credit to 'the great big stupid public,' " so says George Gissing in the Private papers of Henry Ryecroft. Trollope makes many revealing statements that provoke discussions as to methods of work among authors — and this is Henry Ryecroft's quarrel. Twain, Mark. Paine, Albert Bigelow. Mark Twain, a biogra- phy. 3 V. Harper, 1912. The authorized life written by an intimate friend. The work has been done with one single aim — to present the great figure in its many-sided activity and to keep that picturesque personality constantly before the reader. — William Lyon Phelps. Ward, Mrs. Humphry. A writer's recollections. 2 v. Har- per, 1918. You have now, by means of these assembled re-actions of Mrs. Ward to her contemporaneous literary environment, a rather vivid picture of Mrs. Ward's mind. We shall not attempt to characterize the mind for it reveals itself with crystal clarity in all its manifestations. — Lawrence Gilman. LONDON James, Henry. Notes of a son and brother. Scribner, 1914. Middle years. Scribner, 1917. These autobiographical sketches seem written to picture the author's adored London. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 31 Markino, Yoshio. A Japanese artist in London. Jacobs, 1910. Many impressions of London are given in this story of a struggle for recognition, Martineau, Harriet, Autobiography; ed. by Mrs. M. W. Chap- man. 2 V, Houghton, 1877. Among the innumerable pictures of London literary society, Miss Mar- tineau's series of portraits will stand unrivalled.— 77!t»»ia.y Wentivorth Hig- ginson. MID-VICTORIANS The lives of other authors of this period will be found under Literary Genius. Arnold, Matthew. Letters, 1848-1888, ed. by G. W. E. Russell. Macmillan, 1900. In these letters a more intimate side of his character is revealed to the public; they are absolutely simple and real; wholly free from strain; rich in the temper of enjoyment; . . . and behind their kindness and their brightness, we can discern strength, and even something of unostentatious heroism. . . . — Edward Doivden. Brooke, Stopford. Jacks, Lawrence Pearsall. Life and letters of Stopford Brooke. 2 v. Scribner, 1917. An authority on English literature charmingly revealed by his son-in- law. Clarke, 1/;-^. Mary Cowden. My long life. Dodd, 1897. Mrs. Clarke, a distinguished Shakespeare scholar connected with the best in English life during the nineteenth century, has written charming memories of literary and musical England. Hunt, Leigh. Autobiography of Leigh Hunt with remi- niscences of friends and contemporaries, ed. by Roger Ingpen. 2 v. Button, 1903. I call this an excellent good book and indeed except it be Boswell's of Johnson, I do not know where we have such a picture drawn of a human life. — Thomas Carlyle. Locker-Lampson, Frederick. Birrell, Augustine. Frederick Locker-Lampson, a character sketch. Scribner, 1920. This is not a biography and as a treatment of character it is a rather faint outline, but it is not the less interesting for stimulating a curiosity it does not satisfy. This sends us on to Locker-Lampson's "My confi- dences" published a few years ago. 32 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Meredith, George. Letters : collected and edited by his son. 2 V. Scribner, 1912. From 1844-1909 no commentary on Meredith and his work is necessary. His letters are subjective and reveal his mind. Stephen, Leslie. Maitland, F. W. Life and letters of Leslie Stephen. Putnam, 1907. Mr. Maitland's attitude is consistently that of a thoroughly sympathetic but humorous friend . . . and he has drawn a novel portrait of a cheerful, melancholy, lovable man. In the literary free-for-all, some fly to the goal, some run, some walk steadily, observantly ; in literature as in life Leslie Stephen will be remembered as the Great Pedestrian. — Ferris Greenslet. Tennyson, Alfred. Lounsbury, Thomas R. Life and times of Tennyson. Yale, 1915. THE MIDDLE WEST Garland, Hamlin. A son of the middle border. Macmillan, 1917. As you read it you realize that it is the memorial of a generation, — of a whole order of American experience. — William Dean Howells. Howells, William Dean. Years of my youth. Harper, 1916. Maybe a sequel to "A boys' town." It is a picture of youth in the middle west in the '40's and '50's that has impelling charm. "Literary friends and acquaintances" round out Mr, Howells's autobiography. Osborn, Chase Salmon. Iron hunter. Macmillan, 1919. Famous in Michigan for his civic reform and his iron minings, Mr. Osborn writes an autobiography that is as free in spirit and full of local color as a life may well be. Riley, James Whitcomb. Dickey, Marcus. The youth of James Whitcomb Riley. Bobbs-Merrill, 1919. Sure of Riley's genius and confident of his success, the author never allowed one of Riley's words to escape him. He was Riley's secretary for years. Venable, William Henry. Buckeye boyhood. Stewart & Kidd, 1911. A record of conditions passed away never to return. — Waldo Dunn. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 33 Wallace, Lewis. Lew Wallace ; an autobiography. 2 v. Har- per, 1906. Dramatic as one of his novels is Lew Wallace's story of his own life from his earliest days through the Civil War. MISSIONS The lives under Social Service show much the same spirit as those in this group. Grenfell, Wilfred T. A Labrador doctor; the autobiography of Wilfred Thomason Grenfell. Houghton, 1919. No danger has disconcerted Dr. Grenfell in his work among the fisher folk of Labrador and Newfoundland. Judson, Ann Hasseltine. Hubbard, E. D. Ann of Ava. Mis- sionary Education Movement, 1913. Ann Hasseltine Judson was the wife of the first missionary to Burma. Lacombe, Albert. Hughes, Katharine. Father Lacombe — the black-robed-voyageur. Moffat, 1911. His life, devoted and self-sacrificing, has been like peaceful moonlight. — W. C. Van Home. Slessor, Mary Mitchell. Livingstone, William Pringle. Mary q, Slessor of Calabar ; pioneer missionary. Doran, 1917. A biography filled with charm, heroism and adventure, vigorous achieve- ment and the freshness of pioneering. MUSIC Berlioz, Hector. Autobiography; tr. from the French by Rachel and Eleanor Holmes. 2 v. Macmillan, 1884. Berlioz prefaces his life with a quotation from Macbeth ending "It is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury signifying nothing." But no quotation could be more inapt. This is an excellent translation of a fully lived and fully written life. Bispham, David. A Quaker singer's recollections. Macmil- lan, 1919. The strange tale unfolded by a distinguished American baritone moves on through the drab existence of boyhood to the colorful middle years when scarcely a goal is unattained. 34 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Chopin, Frederic. Huneker, James Gibbons. Chopin, the man and his music. Scribner, 1900. In this biography some of the sentimental fallacies concerning Chopin are dispelled. Fay, Amy. Music study in Germany ; ed. by Mrs. Fay Pierce. Macmillan, 1897. Miss Fay studied with Taussig and Liszt and other great and inter- esting musicians that impressed themselves upon her own remarkable personality. Franck, Cesar. d'Indy, Vincent. Cesar Franck. Lane, 1910. This stands out as one of the most readable of musical biographies. Grieg, Edward. Finck, Henry T. Edward Grieg. Lane, 1906. Grieg is recognized as a master who has enriched music with melodic and harmonic expression characteristic of the land of the fjord. This biography was published the year before his death and gives a scholarly account of his musical accomplishments. — Bernard A. Diamant. Handel, Georg Friedrich. Rolland, Romain. Handel. Holt, 1916. So many biographies of musicians seem to be written for study. There is no doubt but that Rolland meant this one to be read. It sings at times with the same dignity with which Handel himself sang. Lehmann, Lilli. My path through life; tr. by Alice B. Selig- man. Putnam, 1914. Frankly and with a living interest the great prima donna writes of the past fifty years in music. MacDowell, Edward. Gilman, Lawrence. Edward Mac- Dowell. Lane, 1909. MacDowell's life until the great tragedy preceding his death, ran along rather uneventfully as genius' lives go. Henry Finck says of this pic- turesque character, "A Chopin to be sure we have not given to the world, but our own Edward MacDowell ranks with the half dozen greatest piano composers of Europe." — Bernard A. Diamant. Schumann, Robert. Letters of Robert Schumann selected by Dr. Karl Storck. Button, 1907. A short but intense period is covered by the letters that reveal the per- sonality of two of the greatest musicians that have ever lived — Robert and Clara Schumann. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 35 Thomas, Theodore. Thomas, Mrs. Rose Fay. Memoirs of Theodore Thomas. Moffat, 1911. A group of enthusiastic musicians made Theodore Thomas's work in Chicago possible and those years form the basis of a life and work that is probably as interesting and romantic as an American musician's life could be. Tschaikowsky, Peter lUytch. Tschaikowsky, Modeste. Life and letters of Peter Illytch Tschaikowsky, tr., ed. and arranged from the Russian by Rosa Newmarch. Lane, 1906. MYSTICISM Some of the biographies that are listed under Religious Ex- periences have much in them that borders on the mystic. Blake, William. Berger, Pierre. William Blake, poet and mystic ; authorized translation from the French by D. H. Conner. Button, 1915. It is just because Blake transcended the ordinary designations of lan- guage and produced a magic of primitive and child-like echoes that almost any attempt to convey him second-hand is futile. He must be found as directly as he found the world. — New Republic. Gardner, Charles. Vision and vesture : a study of William Blake in modern thought. Button, 1916 Columba, Saint. Adamnan, Saint. Life of St. Columba. New universal library. Button. (This) is the first authentic manifestation of the biographical impulse in Britain. Its approximate date is 690 A. D. The Life of St. Columba has been abundantly praised. The whole last chapter lingers in our minds like the softened strains of a great cathedral organ. — Waldo H. Dunn. There is an edition in the original Latin edited by J. T. Fowler with a translation, published by the Oxford press. Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Journals. 10 v. Houghton, 1910- 1913. If this had been a formal autobiography no more of the life and thought of the great transcendentalist could have been revealed to us. This is the work that we reserve for the moods when the world looks hopeless and a restless discontent makes sustained reading impossible. Fairless, Michael. Bowson, M. E. and Haggard, Mrs. A. M. Michael Fairless, her life and writings. Button, 1913. A rare spirit exquisitely portrayed. 36 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Francis of Assisi, Saint. Sabatier, Paul. St. Francis of Assisi. Scribner, 1894. Sabatier has caught the genius and the radiance of St. Francis and by sheer sjonpathy gives it to us. Joan of Arc. DeQuincy, Thomas. Joan of Arc. Longmans, 1906. The most eloquent thing ever done for Joan. — William G. Ross. France, Anatole. Life of Joan of Arc. 2 v. Lane, 1909. Historians have criticized this work translated by Winifred Stephens but it remains a brilliant and vivid study. M. France's point is that Joan was a peasant with remarkable religious and mystic power amounting at times to hallucination. Nightingale, Florence. Cook, Edward Tyas. Life of Florence Nightingale. 2 v. Macmillan, 1913. The ministering angel of the Crimea, like many other practical persons, had something of the rnystic in her nature. Teresa, Saint. Life of Saint Teresa of Jesus of the order of Our Lady of Carmel, written by herself, translated from the Spanish by D. Lewis. Benziger, 1911. Teresa is the rare example of a mystic who yet possessed a remarkable energy, efficiency and executive ability. Thompson, Francis. Meynell, Everard. The life of Francis Thompson. Scribner, 1913. Many think this book too long for the life of so intangible a personality. But in spite of this, Thompson compels our interest just as he did that of literary London. Vivekananda, szi>dmi. Nivedita. The Master as I saw him : being pages from the life of the Swami Vivekananda by his disciple Nivedita of Ramakrishna-Vivekananda. Long- mans, 1918. The charm of the Swami's life as well as his power is set down to- gether with his doctrines. Many will recall his teaching of the Budd- histic doctrine in the United States, his first visit being in 1893. NATURE LOVERS These are the observers of nature as well as naturalists. Lives of other scientists will be found under Evolution and under Science. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPH'i! 37 Audubon, John James. ITerrick, Francis Hobart. Audubon, the naturalist. 2 v. Appleton, 1917. Audubon's journals are his life — but this discloses much of the natural- ist's life that he himself has not revealed. Bonheur, Rosa. Stanton, Theodore, ed. Reminiscences of Rosa Bonheur. Appleton, 1910. Fabre, Jean Henri Casimir. Legros, G. V. Fabre, poet of science. Century, 1913. Fabre made all of the scientific facts of insect life as romantic and as readable as a novel. He was a lovable person as Legros shows us. Gilley, John. Eliot, Charles William. John Gilley: Maine farmer and fisherman. Amer. Unitarian Assoc, 1904. 1 The power of a place in a man's life is shown in a masterful way. Hudson, William Henry. Far away and long ago. Button, 1918. The Argentine pampas in the reign of the tyrant Rosas is the back- ground for this poetic autobiography of which He)nvood Broun wrote, "Anybody who is not already in the middle of a book ought to lose no time in beginning on W. H. Hudson's 'Far away and long ago.' Any- body who is in the middle of a book ought to^ let it wait untij he too has read this most enticing autobiography about childhood, Argentine, ostriches and South American cowboys." Muir, John, Story of my childhood and youth. Houghton, 1913. The child as well as the man loved the out-of-doors. Selous, Frederick Courteney. Millais, J. G. The life of Fred- erick Courteney Selous. D. S. O. Longmans, 1920. Thoreau, Henry David. Sanborn, Frank B. A life of Henry D. Thoreau. Houghton, 1917. Thoreau had decided, it would seem, from the very first to lead a life of self-improvement; the needle did not tremble as with richer natures, but pointed steadily north ; and as he saw duty and inclination in one, he turned all his strength in that direction. — Robert Louis Stevenson. White, Gilbert. Shelley, Henry Charles. Gilbert White and Selborne. Scribner, 1909. One recalls this biography with delight not only because this is the centenary year of the famous naturalist, but because he stands out as a cultured, charming figure in the pleasant country life in 18th century England. 4^'13 38 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY NEW ENGLAND Alcott, Louisa May. Cheney, Mrs. E. L, Louisa May Alcott : her life, letters and journals. Little, 1900. Creevey, Mrs. Caroline Alathea (Stickney). A daughter of the Puritans; an autobiography. Putnam, 1916. The more serious side of New England home and school life in the mid- nineteenth century. Gilley, John. Eliot, Charles William. John Gilley: Maine farmer and fisherman. American Unitarian Assoc, 1904. Waldo Dunn calls this one of our perfect short biographies. Hale, Susan. Letters of Susan Hale ; ed. by Caroline P. At- kinson with an introduction by E. E. Hale. Jones, 1919. A letter-writer of the old school who took time to give her corre- spondents witty comment on people and affairs and the pungency of her own personality. Higginson, Thomas Wentworth. Cheerful yesterdays. Hough- ton, 1900. Howe, Mrs. Julia Ward. Richards, Laura E. and Elliot, Maude Howe. Julia Ward Howe. Houghton, 1916. No woman ever walked through life with greater purpose and determi- nation than Mrs. Howe. She radiated as she went an influence that was felt by her own generation. Jewett, Sarah Orne. Letters, ed. by Annie Fields. Houghton, 1911. Interesting comment on writers, charming descriptions of places and persons distinguish this collection of informal letters. Larcom, Lucy. A New England girlhood, outlined from mem- ory. Houghton, 1889. This is an interesting bit of history of social conditions in New Eng- land covering the period when factories were simply organized and human. Lowell, James Russell. Scudder, H. E. James Russell Lowell. 2 V. Houghton, 1901. Stedman, Edmund Clarence. Fuller, Margaret. A New Eng- land childhood. Little, 1916. A true picture of New England eighty years ago. Stedman's boyhood was surrounded by beautiful and interesting people and things. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 39 NEW YORK Armstrong, Maitland. Day before yesterday; reminiscences of a varied life, ed. by his daughter, Margaret Armstrong. Scribner, 1920. Although an artist and a diplomat, Maitland Armstrong was above all a New Yorker by long tradition and by personal affection. In the course of his long and vigorous life he knew most of the people who have made the annals of the city interesting and worth while. These pages go back to days that few living can remember — when Corporal Thompson kept his Roadhouse on the site of the now vanished Fifth Avenue Hotel, when peppermints came, stuck in rows on cards, when blue roundabouts with navy brass buttons were bought at Brooks's store in Catherine Street; when Washington Square was Sandy Hill and cows looked over the fence behind the water-trough at 14th Street and Fifth Avenue. Clarke, Mrs. Caroline Cowles (Richards). Village life in America, 1852-1872. Holt, 1912. The simple ways of the villages of central New York and the homely details of life in a cultivated household are recited with quaint humor and with literary instinct. — A. L. A. Booklist. Henry, O. Smith, C. Alphonso. O. Henry ; biography. Double- day, 1916. The publication of this biography was a literary sensation. The un- known part of Sidney Porter's life — the years spent in prison — was here for the first time revealed. The disclosure has served to make O. Henry all the better beloved. — Bessie Graham. James, Henry. A small boy and others. Scribner, 1913. Of a sudden a thing that seemed all meaningless, blotches of light and shade, a mere glimmering surface spotted with shadows, is transformed magically into a familiar scene and an older New York comes before you. Matthews, Brander. These many years; recollections of a New Yorker. Scribner, 1917. The chapters on New York literature are of such unique value as to constitute an incomparable contribution to our literary history. — William Dean Howells. Sangster, Mrs. Margaret E. (Munson). An autobiography from my youth up. Revell, 1909. A quiet home life, Civil War experiences with later literary "relations mark Mrs. Sangster's life. A placid wholesome simplicity that is char- teristic of a large group of our own people gives this book its value. Wheeler, Mrs. Candace. Yesterdays in a busy life. Harper, 1918. 40 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY THE ORIENT Abdul Hamid. Pears, Sir Edwin. Life of Abdul Hamid (Makers of the nineteenth century). Holt, 1917. This will be the standard biography of the worst of all the Sultans. — Spectator. Hearn, Lafcadio. Bisland, Elizabeth. Lafcadio Hearn, life and letters. 2 v. Houghton, 1906. Hearn is the ideal interpreter of Japan. He is himself, however, a figure that can not be interpreted easily. He lived an alien among aliens and between the periods of his life there is slight connection. Ninomiya, Sontoku. Tomita, Kokei. Peasant sage of Japan: the life and work of Sontoku Ninomiya, translated from the Hotokuki by Tadasu Yoshimoto. Longmans, 1912. Japan has had no more thorough interpreter than Sontoku Ninomij^a whose own life reveals the conditions there. He was one of the first labor psychologists. Pears, Sir Edwin. Forty years in Constantinople. Appleton, 1916. Sir Edwin died in November, 1919. Up to that time, from 1873 when he first went to Constantinople as a barrister he was considered an author- ity on the Near East. Roberts, Lord. Forty-one years in India. 2 v. Longmans, 1904. England in India and Lord Roberts were one. Tagore, Sir Rabindranath. My reminiscences. Macmillan, 1917. There are vivid pictures of Indian habits and scenery, birds, analyses of people and theories in this very frank self-revelation. Vivekananda, swami. Nivedita. The Master as I saw him, being pages from the life of Swami Vivekananda by his disciple Nivedita of Ramakrisha-Vivekananda. Long- mans, 1918. The quiet thoughtful India, the India of meditation, of spiritual with- drawal is here presented. PARENTS AND CHILDREN Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th earl of. Letters to his son on the art of becoming a man of the world and a gentleman. Lippincott, 1904. Chesterfield understood j'-outh so well that he wrote to his son not as a superior but as an equal friend. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 41 Gosse, Edmund. Father and son. Scribner, 1907. Edmund Gosse chafed under his father's restraints. A break was in- evitable under Philip Henry Gosse's unyielding, ardent religious dicta- torship. Irvine, Alexander F. My lady of the chimney corner. Cen- tury, 1913. A tribute to the author's mother. Roosevelt, Theodore. Letters to his children. Scribner, 1918. One would wish for the good of our American citizenship that this volume could be scattered broadcast in every American household con- taining parents and children. — Frederic Tabor Cooper. Sevigne, marquise de. Aldis, Janet. Queen of letter writers, Marquise de Sevigne. Putnam, 1907. Few mothers nowadays receive the confidences made by her son to Madam de Sevigne, or would retail them afterwards in letters to a young daughter. — Anna Robeson Burr. Best letters of Madam de Sevigne, ed. by E. P. Ander- son. 4th ed. McClurg, 1915. When Janet Aldis's book is not to be obtained, this is a satisfactory substitute. PIONEER WOMEN Adam, Juliette. Stephens, Winifred. Madame Adam — la grande Francaise from Louis Phillippe until 1917. But- ton, 1917. The editor of La Nouvelle Revue — the suggestor of the French and Roman alliance — friend of Hugo, Loti, Gambetta — few people played a larger part than she in the history of the Second Empire. Anthony, Susan Brownall, 1820-1906. Harper, L A. Life and work of Susan B. Anthony. 3 v. Nat'l Woman Suffrage Pub. Co., 1899. Booth-Clibborn, Catherine. Strahan, James. The marechale (Catherine Booth-Clibborn). Doran, 1914. The eldest daughter of General Booth was the leading spirit of the Salvation Army movement in France. Mitchell, Maria. Life, letters and journals; comp. by P. M. Kendall. Lothrop, 1896. The life of the first American woman who devoted her years to science. 42 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Shaw, Anna Howard. The story of a pioneer, by Anna How- ard Shaw, with the collaboration of Elizabeth Jordan. Harper, 1915. Her unusual childhood and a vigorous youth that led to middle years of fulfillment are humorously and directly written of by Dr. Shaw who was one of the leaders in extending suffrage to women. Wheeler, Mrs. Candace. Yesterdays in a busy life. Harper, 1918. Mrs. Wheeler was instrumental in founding the first woman's exchange to afJord women an opportunitj- to put their work on an economic basis. POETRY The genius of the poet sometimes shines through the prose of the biographer giving it poetic quality. Under Literary Genius and Democracy are other lives of poets. Brooke, Rupert. Marsh, Edward Howard. Rupert Brooke; a memoir. Lane, 1918. "He's gone. I do not understand. I only know That as he turned to go And waved his hand In his young eyes a sudden glory shone! And I was dazzled by a sunset glow, And he was gone." — Wilfrid IVilson Gibson. Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. Poetry and truth from my own life. 2 v. Macmillan. Keats, John. Colvin, Sir Sidney. John Keats, his life and poetry, his friends, critics and after-fame. Scribner, 1917. It is a remarkable thing that this great biography of Keats should have been written by a man in his seventy-third year, and written with such a fine note of sympathy and with so keen an eye to the essentials of a man's life. — Clement Shorter. Shelley, Percy Bysshe. Thompson, Francis. Shelley. Scrib- ner, 1912. A poet's tribute to a poet in prose that is true poetry. Wordsworth, Dorothy. Journals ; ed. by William Knight. 2 v. Macmillan, 1897. Now and then a short period of one's life is so indicative of the whole that it may be called a biography — so with these journals covering only 1798-1803. (It) "renews and deepens our knowledge of one of the most beautiful relationships in all literature." — Academy. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 43 Wordsworth, William. The prelude ed. by W. B. Worsfold. 2 V. Luce. Wordsworth's poetical autobiography shows how every stage in his early mental development was connected with some walk in the Lake region. POLITICAL HISTORY Benton, Thomas H. Thirty years view; or, a history of the working of the American government for thirty years, from 1820-1850. . . 2 v. Appleton, 1854. One of the original sources of American political history, this work by the picturesque character, who represented Missouri in the Senate for thirty 3-ears, is valuable for its copious extracts from the debates of that period, for its running account of the political and governmental develop- ments of the time and for its verbal pictures of outstanding personalities. It is the only book of its kind. Its importance is not impaired by the prominence it gives to its author and his views. — Royal J. Davis. Cavour, Camillo Benso di, conte. Thayer, William Roscoe. The life and times of Cavour. 2 v. Houghton, 1911. Mr. Thayer is completely saturated with Cavour's thought. He has viv- idly reproduced the Italian spirit of the time (and) has followed with particular minuteness the intricacies of European diplomacy in which Cavour was the master mind from 1858-1861. — Nation. Cromwell, Oliver. IMorley, John. Oliver Cromwell. Cen- tur>^ 1900. Interest is highly centered in the commentary on the critical phases and on the political problems that enveloped Cromwell and the revolution of 1660. Erasmus, Desiderius. Froude, James Anthony. Erasmus. Scribner, 1894. The picture of the State of Europe just before the Reformation, as seen through the eyes of this great medieval scholar, cannot be surpassed in truth, vividness, and interest. — The author. Machiavelli, Niccolo. Villari, Pasquale. Life and times of Niccolo Machiavelli; tr. by Linda Villari. New ed. Scribner, 1904. For centuries Machiavelli has been regarded as a species of sphinx of whom no one could solve the riddle. The theory of the author is that an adequate explanation can only be found in a study of the man and his times as revealed especially in his unpublished writings. — C. K. Adams. Morley, John. Recollections. 2 v. Macmillan, 1917. No one who wants to know the intellectual history of the 19th century and its probable effect on the future progress of mankind can leave this book unread. — Robert R. Henderson. 44 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Roosevelt, Theodore. Thayer, Wm. Roscoe. Theodore Roose- velt, an intimate biography. Houghton, 1919. The secondary title is by way of being a misnomer, for instead of an "intimate biography," Thayer has given us an illuminating history of Roosevelt's political career, throwing light on many hitherto unexplained courses of action. — Mary L. Titcomb. Talleyrand-Perigord, Charles Maurice de. Loliee, Frederic. Prince Talleyrand and his times. Brentano, 1912. The intricacies of many political situations are omitted but the political atmosphere is all here. Watterson, Henry. "Marse Henry." 2 v. Doran, 1919. For fifty years the author of these memoirs has been editor and owner of the Louisville Courier Journal. His uncompromising Americanism and his intimate knowledge of social and political America have made him both feared and beloved. White, Andrew Dickson. Autobiography. 2 v. Century, 1905. As President of Cornell University and as ambassador and diplomat Mr. White rendered notable service to the United States. PRE-RAPHAELITISM Under Art are artists of other times and schools. Burne-Jones, Edward. Burne-Jones, G. M, Memorials of Edward Burne-Jones, 1833-1898. 2 v. Macmillan, 1904. The set that knew Burne-Jones is perhaps unrivaled in the history of art. They were a brotherhood working for the beautiful and were singu- larly unenvious of one another. Hunt, William Holman. 1827-1910. Pre-Raphaelitism and the pre-Raphaelite brotherhood. 2 v. Macmillan, 1905. Rossetti, Dante Gabriel. His family letters with a memoir by Wm. M. Rossetti. 2 v. Roberts, 1895. Rossetti, William Michael. Some reminiscences. 2 v. Brown Langham, 1906. PUBLISHERS AND THE PRESS Blackwood, William. Oliphant, Margaret. Annals of a pub- lishing house, Wm. Blackwood and his sons, their maga- zine and friends. 3 v. Edinburgh. Blackwood, 1897. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 45 Borthwick, Algernon. Lucas, Reginald. Lord Glenesk and the "Morning Post." Rivers, 1910. Through three generations the Morning Post was edited by a Borthwick. One may disagree with the Post's conservative policies but one must have a great regard for the family that has owned it since 1850 and that has played a really entertaining part in English politics and London society. Delane, John Thadeus. Cook, Sir Edward. Delane of the Times. Holt, 1916. (Makers of the nineteenth century.) Events of his time are recorded, journalistic developments are discussed and biographical details are given only as they serve to illustrate the character, the methods and the power of the editor. — From the Preface. Francis, John. Francis, John Collins. John Francis, publisher of the Athenaeum : a literary chronicle of half a century. 2 V. Bentley, 1888. Harper, J. Rainey. House of Harper. Harper, 1912. There are excellent reminiscences of English and American authors here, a fine contribution to the history of publishing. Labouchere, Henry. Thorold, A. L. Life of Henry La- bouchere. Putnam, 1913. As reporter for the "Daily News" in Paris in 1870 and owner of "Truth," Labouchere contributed to English journalism and brought to himself both notoriety and fame. Putnam, George Haven. Memories of my youth. Putnam, 1914. No more important and absorbing history of the world of letters exists than these volumes of a successful publisher's life. Memories of a publisher. Putnam, 1915. The story of the founding of the house of Putnam is interesting for the part Putnam has played in the Copyright bill and for the delightful anecdotes of famous authors. RADIANT ADVENTURES Brooke, Rupert. Marsh, Edward Howard. Rupert Brooke, a memoir. Lane, 1918. A slight but sympathetic life of the most English of English soldier- poets. 46 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Huneker, James Gibbons. Steeple Jack. 2 v. Scribner, 1919. From earliest memory until 1917 James Huneker has had not one dull moment. His aspirations, his accomplishments, his associations and his recollections, each one surrounded by a flame that cannot be extinguished. No fine art has missed the touch of Huneker. Montagu, Lady Mary (Pierrepont) Wortley. Letters and works, ed. by Lord Wharncliffe. 2 v. 1893. In the early 18th century Lady Montagu was one of the leaders of English society. Her keen wit and clever observations made her famous. Her letters are herself. Pepys, Samuel. Diary and correspondence. 4 v. 1889-1897. Macmillan. Pepys has no self outside the thrill of his experiences. — Arthur Mac- Dozvall. Smith, Harry James. Letters of Harry James Smith, with an introduction by Juliet Wilbur Tompkins. Houghton, 1919. Letters that radiate buoyancy alike in frail health and in straitened circumstances and in his literary failures and successes. — A. L. A. Book- list. Stevenson, Mrs. Robert Louis. Sanchez, Mrs. Nellie. Life of Mrs. Robert Louis Stevenson. Scribner, 1919. Daring horsewoman, a good shot, a supreme cook, artist, writer and a very Gene Stratton Porter among flowers, fearless, beautiful and of unique charm, where could another woman have been found so marvelously gifted to be the wife of a romancer? It seems odd that Philadelphia and Edin- burgh, the two most conservatively minded cities of the Anglo-Saxon earth should have combined to produce this the most radiant pair of adventurers in our recent annals. — Christopher Morley. RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCES Abbott, L5mian. Reminiscences. Houghton, 1915. "I have stood in the bow forecasting the course, not in the stern watch- ing the log." It is significant that with this thought Dr. Abbott both begins and concludes the account of his eventful life for the contributions which he has made through the pulpit, platform and periodical, to the thought of his time, has been distinctly progressive. — Cora Higgins. Booth, William. Begbie, Harold. Life of General William Booth. 2 V. Macmillan, 1920. The lights and shadows of religious melancholy and rapture, of self-dis- trust and ambition, of loneliness and catholicity, play fitfully across these pages to the end. — W. L. S. in Atlantic Monthly. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 47 Brooks, Phillips. Allen, A. V. G. Life and letters of Phillips Brooks. Button, 1900. Beyond doubt it marks the highest point attained by an American biographer. — Waldo Dunn. Bunyan, John. Grace abounding; ed. by John Brown with Pilgrims progress. Putnam, 1907. Few books are more interesting than this labyrinth of strange scruples invented by a quick brain and peopled by the phantoms created by a poetical imagination under stress of profound poetical excitement. Inci- dentally we learn to know and love the author. — Leslie Stephen. Campbell, Reginald John. A spiritual pilgrimage. Appleton, 1916. A spiritual autobiography. The author, once minister at the City Tem- ple, London, and a leader of the New Theologists, later took orders in the Church of England. Clarke, James Freeman. Autobiography, diary and corre- spondence; ed. by E. E. Hale. Houghton, 1891. As one would expect, there is a strong psychological religious element permeating this autobiography. Digby, Kenelm Henry. Holland, Bernard. Memoir of Ken- elm Henry Digby. Longmans, 1919. Digby took his degree in 1819. Soon after that he was converted to Roman Catholicism. All through his full life he was devoted to the past as being sacred and secure. The present was more or less an enigma, the future a mirage. Hare, Augustus J. C. Story of my life. 4 v. Dodd, 1896. Stripped of description and outside anecdote (this) presents an hered- itary and family situation of religious overstrain which one must return to Guilert or Nogent to parallel. — Anna Robeson Burr. Macready, William C. Reminiscences. Macmillan, 1875. Curiously enough the life of the great actor is a religious document. To a critical world, the apologist is anxious to restate it to his own soul. The truth that "qui s'excuse, s'accuse" is felt to underlie a man's attempts aj self-justification. — Anna Robeson Burr. Newman, John Henry. Apologia pro vita sua, being a history of his religious opinions. Longmans, 1897, Savonarola. Villari, Pasquale. Life and times of Savonarola; tr. by L. Villari. Scribner, 1888. Villari ranks Savonarola with those who in the long line of history have endeavored to reconcile reason with faith and religion with liberty. 48 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Villari takes pains to show clearly the nature of his quarrel with Rome and to deny that he was a precursor of Luther or in any sense a Protestant. He was a precursor rather of the Counter Reformation. — Atlantic Monthly. Sterling, John. Carlyle, Thomas. Life of John Sterling. Scribner, 1899. A few years before Carlyle published this life he wrote "there is no heroic poem in the world but is at bottom a biography, the life of a man ; also, it may be said, there is no life of a man faithfully recorded, but is a heroic poem of its sort, rhymed or unrhymed." It remained for Car- lyle to produce, in memory of his friend, an unrhymed heroic poem. — Waldo Dunn. THE RENAISSANCE Borgia, Caesar. Garner, J. L. Caesar Borgia. McBride, 1912. The Borgias represented the generosity and unscrupulous life of the Renaissance. Max Beerbohm pointedly says, "A man may have said — 'I am dining with the Borgias tonight' — but no one was ever heard to say, 'I dined with the Borgias last night.' " Cellini, Benvenuto. Life ; tr. by John Addington Symonds with an introduction by Royal Cortissoz. 2 v. Brentano, 1917. The artistic sensualist today, no doubt, is less highly colored than was Cellini, for nature today uses no such brilliant palette as she did in the Renaissance. — Anna Robeson Burr. d'Este, Beatrice. Ady, IMrs. Julia Cartwright. Beatrice d'Este, duchess of Milan, 1475-1497; a study of the Renais- sance. Button, 1903. Beatrice was the young and radiant queen of a golden age in Italy. This story shows how Italy was affected by the Renaissance and by the polit- ical aims of France. Ludovico and his ambitions come in for a share in his wife's biography though Beatrice died before he lost the throne of Milan. d'Este, Isabella. Ady, Mrs. Julia Cartwright. Isabella d'Este, marchioness of Mantua, 1474-1539; a study of the Renais- sance, 2 V. Dutton, 1903. Isabelle d'Este was more brilliant and more intellectual than her sister Beatrice. Her correspondence with many of the leaders of the Renais- sance has been preserved and shows how much she influenced the liter- ature and art of the time. She married Francesco Gonzaga of Mantua to reign at his court as the most remarkable lady of the Renaissance. ROMANTIC LOVE Abelard, Pierre and Heloise. The love letters of Abelard and Heloise. Putnam. Reprinted from the London transla- tion of 1722. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 49 Aspasia. Landor, Walter Savage. Pericles and Aspasia. Roberts, 1879. The pages of the book take you to the theatre where Prometheus is played, to the house where Socrates and Aristophanes meet, and to the statesman who died "remembering in the fullness of my heart that Athens confided her glory and Aspasia her happiness to me." — Edinburgh Review. Browning, Robert and Elizabeth (Barrett). Letters, 1845- 1846. 2 V. Harper, 1899. The sense that so intimate a set of letters should not be laid bare to the public has been gradually overcome by the perception of their sin- gular charm. — Leslie Stephen. d'Lespinasse, Julie Jeanne. Letters of Mile. d'Lespinasse with notes on her life and character, and introduction by Sainte- Beuve. Hardy, 1901. Mill, John Stuart. Autobiography. Holt, 1904. One of the most beautiful love stories in history is the devotion of Mill ind Mrs. Taylor. Palmer, Alice Freeman. Palmer, George Herbert. Life of Alice Freeman Palmer. Houghton, 1908. The devotion revealed in this biography recalls the love of the Brown- ings. Parker, Carleton Hubbell. Parker, Cornelia S. An American idyll: the life of Carleton H. Parker. Houghton, 1918. An intimate revelation. RUSSIAN LIFE These are interesting because they throw light on Russian life as well as revealing personalities of force. Aksakov, Sergei Timofeievich. A Russian gentleman; tr, from the Russian by J. D. Dufif. Longmans, 1917. Years of childhood; tr. from the Russian by J. D. Duff. Longmans, 1916. Russian schoolboy ; tr. from the Russian by J. D. Dufif, Longmans, 1917. The first volume is the half imaginary memoir of the author's grand- father, Stephen Mihailovitch, and at the same time a perfect picture of life on a large Russian estate during the time of Catharine the Great. 50 VTEWPOIXTS IX BIOGR.\PHY The second and third volumes, very quietly, but with much charm bring the author through his rifteenth year. They were written in Aksakov's later life, Breshkovsky, Catherine. The little grandmother of the Rus- sian revolution; ed. by Alice Stone Blackwell. Little, 1917. Intimate pictures of peasant life and later the life in a Siberian prison all reveal a personality of charm and strength. Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Murry, John Middleton. Fyodor Dos- toevsky : a critical study. Seeker, 1916. Kropotkin, Peter Alexeievitch. Autobiography of a revolu- tionist. Houghton, 1899. The book abounds in instructive pictures of Russian life and character. Done with imconscious art. — Dial. Tolstoy, Leo, Count. Ferris, George Herbert. Leo Tolstoy, the grand mujik; a study in personal evolution. Unwin, 1898. SCIENCE Other phases of this subject will be found under Evolution and Nature Loners. Agassiz, Mrs. Elizabeth Cary. Paton, Lucy Allen. Elizabeth Gary Agassiz, a biography. Houghton, 1919. This is a complement to the biography of Agassiz, so definitely did Mrs. Agassiz supplement her husband's life. Agassiz, Louis. Agassiz, Mrs. Elizabeth Gary. Louis Agas- siz, his life and correspondence. Houghton, 1893. From his earliest days in Switzerland until her husband's work is finished. Mrs. Agassiz tells a story of his life in which his work was the dominating factor. Galton, Francis. ^lemories of ray life. Dutton, 1909. A pioneer of eugenics, problems of biology and heredity absorbed many years of Francis Galton's life. Pumpelly, Raphael. My reminiscences. 2 v. Holt, 1918. A distinguished mining engineer tells, with rich detail and humor, of student days in German}- sixt>' years ago, adventures in Corsica, pros- pecting in Arizona during the Indian Wars, and in unknown Japan; of early explorations along the Chinese Wall, crossing Siberia alone, locating the Gogebic Iron Range, and much else, strange and absorbing. — Frederic G. Melcher. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 51 THE SEA Conrad, Joseph. A personal record. Harper, 1912. The chronological events in Conrad's life are not quite clear but the fascinating portrayal of the adventures of the early life of the novelist give us his personality with greatest clearness. Dana, Richard Henry. Adams, Charles Francis, II. Richard Henry Dana. Houghton, 1890. A large part of this book is autobiography in form of a diary. It has all of the thrill of "Two years before the mast," which is the story of an early experience of Mr. Dana's. Evans, Robley Dungleson. A sailor's log; recollections of forty years of naval life. Appleton, 1901. An admiral's log. Appleton, 1910. A sequel to the first title forming with it an autobiography which is a story of our Navy during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Farragut, David Glasgow. Mahan, Alfred T. Admiral Farra- gut. Appleton, 1901. An ideal piece of brief biography. The subject is excellent, the author perfectly qualified to treat it and the treatment itself well calculated to inspire interest and just admiration for the subject. — /. H. Lamed. Jones, John Paul. DeKoven, Anna Farwell. The life and let- ters of John Paul Jones. 2 v. Scribner, 1913. Nelson, Horatio. Southey, Robert. Life of Nelson ; introduc- tion by Henry Newbolt. Houghton, 1916. A holiday edition of this popular biography recalls that it is unreliable as history but valuable as literature and filled with the air of the sea. SELF STUDIES Subjective analysis written "as if no one in the world were to read them, yet with the purpose of being read." Amiel, Henri Frederic. Amiel's journal; tr. by Mrs. Hum- phry Ward. New ed. Macmillan, 1915. 'Journee Illuminee Riant soleil d'avril En quel songe Se Plonge Mon coeur, et que veut-il.' S2 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Augustine, Saint. Confessions, with an English translation by W. Watts, 1631. (Loeb classical library.) 2 v. Putnam, 1912. To study one's self for the glory of God, the humiliation of one's pwn soul, and the aid of other poor stumbling creatures, this is Augustine's greatest thought — it is gloriously full and perfect. — Anna Robeson Burr. Bashkirtseff, Marie. Journal : new American ed. translated by Mary J. Serrano. Button, 1919. Gladstone called this autobiography — "a book without a parallel." Cummings, Bruce Frederick (W. N. P. Barbellion, pseud.). Journal of a disappointed man. Doran, 1919. In this diary of an intensely egotistical young naturalist, tragically caught by the creeping approach of death, we have one of the most mov- ing records of the youthful aspects of our universal struggle. — H. G. Wells in the introduction. Rousseau, Jean Jacques, Confessions, 2 v. Lippincott, 1905. It is impossible to believe that a purely morbid attraction has made the fortune of this book — which, after all, is more full of the joy of life, of a fresh and honest realism, than it is of psychological confidences. Its claim rests first on its sincerity. — Arthur MacDowall. SELF-MADE MEN Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Frank- lin, the unmutilated and correct version comp. and ed. with notes by John Bigelow. Putnam, 1910. This autobiography traces for us the growth of personal thrift into communal economy ... of individual industry into a spirit fit to animate a people. . . . — Anna Robeson Burr. Girard, Stephen. McMaster, J. B. Life and times of Stephen Girard, mariner and merchant. 2 v. Lippincott, 1918. Girard was a cabin boy on a French vessel in his childhood. In 1812 he was the greatest merchant prince of his day. Hill, James Jerome. Pyle, J. G. Life of James J. Hill. 2 v. Doubleday, 1917. Without displaying many of them Dr. Pyle has had access to the letters and diaries of Dr. Hill and has freely used autobiographic dictations. Only Dr. Oberholtzer's "Jay Cooke" gives financial history for the rail- roads with equal detail and accuracy. — F. L. Paxson in American Histor- ical Reviezv. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY S3 McClure, S. S. My autobiography. Stokes, 1914. The rise from the privations of the peasant life in Ireland to a success- ful editorship in America is the story of S. S. McClure. Noguchi, Yone. The story of Yone Noguchi. Jacobs, 1915. An entertaining autobiography of the Japanese poet which reminds one in its sequence of events — the days of drudgery in California, the visit to Chicago and the East and the experiences in London — as well as in its charmingly frank and ingenuous style, of his friend — Markino's account of his own life. — A. L. A. Booklist. Strathcona, Lord. Willson, Beckles. Life of Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal. 2 v. Houghton, 1915. No figure stands out more prominently in the nineteenth century devel- opments of Canadian history. Sheer force of character made Donald Alexander Smith promiment. SOCIAL SERVICE The causes for which they worked dominate very largely the lives of these, so that the records of one become also the history of the other. Other similar problems will be found discussed under the headings Americanization, Economic Problems and Missions. Bagehot, Walter. Barrington, Mrs. E. I. W. Life of Walter Bagehot. Longmans, 1914. He had social imagination. For minds with this gift of sight, there is a quick way opened to the heart of things. — Woodrow Wilson. Baldwin, William Henry, jr. Brooks, John Graham. An American citizen: William Henry Baldwin, jr. Hough- ton, 1910. A man may succeed in big business and keep his moral integrity. A railroad official did subordinate his work to his interest in social reform but his work as an official was successful. Barnett, Samuel Augustus. Barnett, Mrs. Henrietta (Row- land). Canon Barnett: his life, work and friends. 2 v. Houghton, 1919. Canon Barnett was one of England's greatest social workers and with his wife inspired the University Settlement idea. Barton, Clara. Epler, P. H. The life of Clara Barton. Mac- millan, 1915. Latterly, the great interest to the movement that Clara Barton inaug- urated has brought new value to this biography. 54 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Jex-Blake, Sophia. Todd, Margaret Georgia. Life of Sophia Jex-Blake. Macmillan, 1918. The Red Cross in England had no more ardent exponent than this re- markable nurse. Nightingale, Florence. Cook, Edward Tyas. Life of Flor- ence Nightingale. 2 v. Macmillan, 1913. The story of Florence Nightingale's life is valuable as a part of the history of civilization but chiefly it is of significance as portraying through her own words and acts the character of the woman as no mere analysis could portray it. — North American Review. Washington, Booker T. Up from slavery: an autobiography. Doubleday, 1901. THE SOUTH Without reference to period, the lighter memoirs that reveal the manners of the South are found here. Under the War Be- tween THE States will be found others. Avary, Myrta Lockett, ed. A Virginia girl in the Civil war, 1861-1865. Appleton, 1903. The wife of a Confederate oflficer relates the sort of things that are the background of history. Drama and humor abound in these experiences. Harris, Joel Chandler. Harris, Julia Collier. Life and letters of Joel Chandler Harris. Houghton, 1918. "Uncle Remus" was the creation of a genius who though of international fame seldom left his southern home. Lee, Robert E. Recollections and letters. Doubleday, 1904. Pryor, Mrs. Sara Agnes (Rice). My day: reminiscences of a long life. Macmillan, 1909. Charming and sincere tales of the days before the war in Virginia. The war between the states and social life in New York in post-bellum days. Washington, George. Wister, Owen. Seven ages of Wash- ington. Macmillan, 1907. Washington, in this book, is the man — The Virginian. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 55 THE STAGE Bernhardt, Sarah. Memoirs of my life. Appleton, 1907. Purely objective memoirs of a remarkable woman and a great artist. Booth, Edwin. Winter, William. Life and art of Edwin Booth. Macmillan, 1894. Frohman, Charles. Marcosson, I. F. and Frohman, Daniel. Charles Frohman, manager and man. Harper, 1911. Goldoni, Carlo. Autobiography. Houghton, 1905. Lord Byron thought Goldoni's autobiography the best in the world. Goethe enjoyed it. He typifies for us the Venetian in literature. His life was gay, busy, and unvexed, and one cannot help being glad that he left the world before the Revolution — the French — came to dim his sun. — Anna Robeson Burr. Gozzi, Carlo, conte. Useless memoirs, published from humil- ity; tr. by John Addington Symonds. 2 v. Nimmo, 1889. An interesting commentary on Venetian life, the Italian stage, and decay- ing Italy. — Anna Robeson Burr. Gwyn, Nell. Cunninghame, Peter. The story of Nell Gwyn ; ed. by Gordon Goodwin. Grant, 1908. In spite of Nell Gwyn's rather colorful life, the English people love her memory and the whole world is interested in her. She played in no intrigues and she really loved Charles. This is a new edition of the book that appeared in 1851. Jefferson, Joseph. Autobiography. Century, 1890. Whatever Joseph Jefferson did or said was touched with a subtle charm. Macready, William C. Reminiscences. Macmillan, 1875. To excel in his art and to provide for his family were the two fulfilled desires of the great tragedian. Mansfield, Richard. Wilstach, Paul. Richard Mansfield : The man and the actor. Scribner, 1908. Mansfield was a complex of varied tastes and interests. His home life and many hobbies as well as his great art was shown clearly in this good friend's story of his life. Modjeska, Helena. Memories and impressions. Macmillan, 1910. This is the autobiography of an unusually gifted and high-minded woman, whose career has been associated with the development of dra- 56 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY matic taste and dramatic art in two continents during the past fifty years. — A. L. A. Booklist. Sothern, Edward Hugh. Melancholy tale of "Me"; my re- membrances. Scribner, 1918. Much of the author's childhood is included in these memories. The later pictures are his life on the American and English stage. Terry, Ellen. Story of my life, recollections and reflections. Doubleday, 1908. A gay and delightful thing to read, though after it is finished one feels that Ellen Terry has left much of interest concerning herself unsaid, but she tells satisfying things of the men and women she knew in England — actors, painters and politicians. STIMULATING LIVES "The armouries wherein are gathered the weapons with which great battles are fought." Bright, John. Trevelyan, G. M. Life of John Bright. Hough- ton, 1913. The integrity of John Bright through all of his public life is so marked that we feel every enfranchised citizen should read his life. Public ques- tions from the Anti-Corn-Law League to the workingmen's vote occupied the best of his ability — and the most active years of his life. Euripedes. Murray, Gilbert. Euripedes and his age. Holt, 1910. The most varied and modern of the ancient Greeks dealt with our prob- lems 2300 years ago. — William G. Ross. Fawcett, Henry. Holt, Winifred. Beacon for the blind. Henry Fawcett. Houghton, 1914. Leslie Stephen has written a more formal biography of the former Post- master General of England, but Miss Holt's life of him is more inspiring as she tells of the achievements of this courageous blind man. Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. Lewes, George Henry. Life and works of Goethe. Button, 1856. Not any of the later lives really take the place of this which is a stan- dard for those who do not read German. — William G. Ross. Keller, Helen. Story of my life ; ed. by John Macy. Double- day, 1903. The autobiography of a remarkable woman who educated herself in the face of the greatest handicaps nature could impose. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 57 Oliphant, Margaret. Autobiography and letters arranged and edited by Mrs. Harry Coghill. Dodd, 1899. No more unhappy life was ever written than that of Mrs. OHphant; it ceases upon a note of passionate grief that wrings the heart ! Yet never was an account more inspiring or invigorating. — Anna Robeson Burr. Palmer, Alice Freeman. Palmer, George Herbert. The life of Alice Freeman Palmer. Houghton, 1908. "If my portrait of her is correct" writes the author in his preface, "invigoration will go forth from it and disheartened souls will be cheered." Parker, Carleton Hubbell. Parker, Cornelia S. An American idyll : The life of Carleton H. Parker. Atlantic monthly press, 1919. A love story and a biography and altogether a tale of life and achieve- ment. Carleton Parker was singularly beloved, singularly gifted and unusually capable in his chosen field. He was a man who stirred himself and others from the slough of mediocrity, and his story, retold by his wife, kindles the same fire of animation in countless readers. — Frederic Melcher. Pasteur, Louis. Vallery-Radot, Rene. Life of Pasteur. Doubleday, 1910. Stanley, Sir Henry Morton. Autobiography; ed. by Lady Stanley. Houghton, 1909. A record sincere and moving in its recital of deprivation, discipline, endurance and achievement — and one that particularly thrills youth. Trudeau, Edward Livingston. An autobiography. Double- day, 1915. A patient, first in the Adirondacks, later a founder of the Saranac Laboratory and Sanitorium, Edward Trudeau records his ideals and achievements and reveals a personality bound to inspire. UNITED STATES HISTORY Under Adams Family, Political History and War Be- tween THE States will be found other lives that illuminate his- torical periods of our country. Clay, Henry. Schurz, Carl. Life of Henry Clay. 2 v. Hough- ton, 1887. In narrating the political struggles and changes of Clay's period the author shows a full recognition of the significance of movements of popu- lar feeling which so frequently upset the balance of politicians. — Davis Rich Dewey. 58 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Hay, John. Thayer, William Roscoe. The life and letters of John Hay. 2 v. Houghton, 1915. During the Civil War, Hay began a career as a diplomat and ambas- sador that extended to his death. His career was filled with charm and brilliancy as his letters well show. Jackson, Andrew. Sumner, William Graham. Life of Andrew Jackson. Houghton, 1898. Jackson's administration was the turning point in our history. Finan- cial and industrial problems were prominent and Sumner deals with them as a master. — William G. Ross. Marshall, John. Beveridge, Albert Jeremiah. Life of John Marshall. 4 v. Houghton, 1919. With the character of John Marshall as chief protagonist, Senator Beveridge has vitalized an era, one of the most interesting in American history. Randolph, John. Adams, Henry. John Randolph. (American Statesmen) Houghton, 1882. No one knew the Randolph period better than Adams. — William G. Ross. Washington, George. Irving, Washington. Life of Washing- ton. 5 V. Putnam, 1904. WAR BETWEEN THE STATES The books under this heading have chiefly to do with the more serious and historical side of the war while The South includes the lighter memoirs illustrative of manners and customs. Adams, Charles Francis. Adams, Charles Francis, H. Charles Francis Adams. (American Statesmen) Houghton, 1900. The effect of the war on England and the trying days of the Trent affair is given for the most part in the words of Mr. Adams taken from his diary. Grant, Ulysses Simpson. Personal memoirs. 2 v. Century, 1895. A notable book of surprising literary merit. — Willim G. Ross. Lee, Robert E. Page, Thomas Nelson. Robert E. Lee, man and soldier. Scribner, 1911. The glory of Virginia life and Lee as a Virginia gentleman, true to his State in time of dissension, is the theme of Mr. Page's book. VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY 59 Lincoln, Abraham. Charnwood, Godfrey Rathbone Benson, 1st baron. Abraham Lincoln. (Makers of the nineteenth century) Holt, 1917. Lord Charnwood tells that he has nothing new to contribute to the already overwhelming mass of Lincoln bibliography, but he is wrong. The viewpoint of his singularly lofty mind, his clarity of vision and sympa- thetic insight into all that was sordid, tragic and uncouth in Lincoln's environment, are in themselves new. Unhampered by sectional prejudice and with a masterly grasp of our political system, he sees beneath the petty jealousies and rivalries of the times, and invariably brings good to light where good can be found. His style is simple and charming. — Alice Hays Kieffer. Nicolay, J. G. Short life of Abraham Lincoln con- densed from the 10 v. edition of Nicolay and Hay, 1890- 1902. Century, 1902. Schurz, Carl. Abraham Lincoln. Houghton, 1891. Schurz, Carl. Reminiscences of Carl Schurz. 3 v. Double- day, 1907. A German Revolutionist of 1848 makes one of the most striking figures in our national affairs. Welles, Gideon. Diary of Gideon Welles, secretary of the Navy under Lincoln and Johnson. 3 v. Houghton, 1911. The interest of Mr. Welles' Diary is not attributable simply to the stu- pendous nature of the prolonged double crisis of the Civil \Var and Recon- struction to which it is confined. The salt with which it is so highly flavored is chiefly due to the very pronounced individuality of the writer and the shrewdness, penetration and candor of his intelligence and to the fund of information and experience which he possessed. — North American Review. THE WEST The American Indian group and the Middle West have an allied interest with these accounts. Boone, Daniel. Thwaites, R. G. Daniel Boone. Appleton, 1902. Old manuscripts are the foundation of Mr. Thwaite's biography of Boone which is distinctly an American document. Clark, George Rogers. English, William Hayden. Conquest of the country northwest of the river Ohio, in 1778-1783 and the life of General George Rogers Clark. 2 v. Mer- rill, 1896. 60 VIEWPOINTS IN BIOGRAPHY Custer, George Armstrong. Custer, Mrs. E. B. Following the guidon. Harper, 1890. Tenting on the plains, or General Custer in Kansas and Texas. Harper, 1895. Entertaining and accurate accounts of the pioneer days following the Civil War. AUTHOR INDEX Page Abbott, Lyman. Reminiscences 46 Abelard, Pierre. Love letters of Abclard and Heloise 48 Adamnan, St. Life of St. Columba 86 Adams, B. K. American spirit 26 Adams, C. F. II. Autobiography 7 — '■ Charles Francis Adams , 7, 58 Richard Henry Dana 51 Adams, Henry. Education of Henry Adams 8, 19 John Randolph 58 Adams, John & Abigail. Letters 7 Ady, Julia. Beatrice d'Este 48 Isabella d'Este 48 Agassiz, E. C. Louis Agassiz 60 Aksakov. S. T. Russian gentleman 49 Russian school boy 15, 49 Years of childhood 14, 49 Aldis, Janet. Queen of letter writers 24 Allen, A. V. G. Life of Phillips Brooks 47 Allier, Raoul and Mrs. Raoul. Roger AUier 26 Amiel, Henri. Amiel's journal 51 Andersen, H. C. Story of my lif e 15 Anderson, Mary. A few memories 13 Antin, Mary. Promised land 10 Armstrong, Maitland. Day before yesterday 11, 39 Arnold, Matthew. Letters 81 Augustine, Saint. Confessions 52 Avary, Myrta. Virginia girl in the Civil War 54 Babbitt, G. F. Norman prince ■. 27 Balfour, Graham. Life of Robert Louis Stevenson 29 Bancroft, Elizabeth. Letters from England 20 Barbellion, W. N. P., see Cummings, Bruce Frederick Barnett, Henrietta. Canon Harnett 63 Barrie, J. M. Margaret Ogilvy 14 Barrington, E. I. W. Life of Walter Bagehot 53 Bashkirtseff, Marie. Journal 62 Beesly, A. H. Sir John Franklin 8 Begbie, Harold. Life of Gen. Wm. Booth 46 Benson, A. C. Hugh 13 Benton, T. H. Thirty years view 43 Berger, Pierre. William Blake 35 Berlioz, Hector. Autobiography 33 Bernhardt, Sarah. Memoirs of my life 55 Beveridge, A. J. Life of John Marshall 58 Birrell, Augustine. Frederick Locker-Lampson 31 Bisland, Elizabeth. Lafcadio Hearn 40 Bispham, David. Quaker singer's recollections 83 Blaine, Harriet. Letters 24 Bordeaux, Henry. Georges Guynemer 27 Borrow, George. Lavengro 16 Boswell, James. Life of Samuel Johnson 28 Brandes, Georg. Reminiscences 16 Breshkorsky, Catherine. Little grandmother of the Russian revolution 50 Brooks, J. G. An American citizen: William Henry Baldwin jr 53 Brown, John. Marjorie Fleming 15 Browning, Robert and Elizabeth. Letters 49 Bunyan, John. Grace abounding 47 Burge, C. O. Adventures of a civil engineer 8 Burne- Jones, Georgiana. Memorials of Edward Burne- Jones 44 Burnett, F. H. The one I knew best of all 15 Burney, Frances. Diary and letters 21 Campbell, R. J. Spiritual pilgrimage 47 Carlyle, Thomas. First forty years of life 28 Life in London 28 Life of John Sterling 48 Carpenter, Edward. My days and dreams 17 Carpenter, W. B. Further pages of my life 20 Some pages of my life 20 Cellini, Benvenuto. Life 8, 11, 48 Chapin, Harold. Letters of a dramatist 26 61 62 AUTHOR INDEX Page Chapman, Victor. Letters from France 26 Charnwood, Lord. Abraham Lincoln '. ." 69 Cheney, E. L. Louisa May Alcott 88 Chesterfield, Earl of. Letters to his son 40 Clark, J. S. Life and letters of John Fiske 23 Clarke, Caroline. Village life in America 39 Clarke, J. F. Autobiography 47 Clarke, Mary Cowden. My long life 31 Cohen, Rose. Out of the shadow 10 CoUingwood, S. D. Life and letters of Lewis Carroll IS Colvin, Sir Sidney. John Keats 42 Conrad, Joseph. Personal record 61 Cook, Sir E. T. Delane of the Times 45 Life of Florence Nightingale 36, 54 Cornwallis-West, Jennie. Reminiscences 21 Cortissoz, Royal. John La Farge 12 Creevey, Caroline. Daughter of the Puritans 38 Cross, J. W. George Eliot's life 28 Cummings, B. F. Journal of a disappointed man 52 Cunninghame, Peter. The story of Nell Gwyn 55 Custer, E. B. Following the guidon 60 Tenting on the plains 60 D Arblay, Mme. see Burney, Frances 21 Darwin, C. R. Life and letters 23 Davis, R. H. Adventures and letters 8 DeKoven, A. F. Life and letters of John Paul Jones 51 DeQuincey, Thomas. Confessions of an English opium eater 16 Joan of Arc 36 Dickey, Marcus. Youth of James Whitcomb Riley 32 d"Indy, Vincent. Cesar Franck 34 Dowson, M. E. and Haggard, A. M. Michael Fairless 35 Eastman, C. A. From the deep wood to civilization 9 Indian boyhood 9 Eliot, C. W. John Gilley 37, 38 Emerson, R. W. Journals 35 English, W. H. Conquest of the country northwest of the river Ohio 59 Epler, P. H. Life of Clara Barton 53 Evans, R. D. Admiral's log 51 Sailor's log 61 Evelyn, John. Diary 21 Life of Margaret Godolphin 13 Fagan, J. O. Autobiography of an individualist 18 Fay, Amy. Music study in Germany 34 Finck, H. T. Edward Grieg 34 Fleury, Comte. Memoirs of Empress Eugenie 23 Flynt, Josiah, see Willard, J. F 19 Forster, John. Life of Charles Dickens 28 Foster, J. W. Diplomatic memoirs 18 France, Anatole. Life of Joan of Arc 36 My friend's book 15 Francis, J. C. John Francis 45 Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography 52 Eraser, Mary. Diplomatist's wife in many lands 25 Reminiscences of a diplomatist's wife 25 Froude, J. A. Erasmus 43 Julius Csesar 17 Life of Carlyle, see Carlyle, Thomas 28 Fuller, Margarett. A New England childhood 38 Gallatin, James. Diary 18, 23 Galton, Francis. Memories of my life 8, 50 Gardner, Charles. Vision and vesture 85 Garland, Hamlin. Son of the middle border 82 Garner, J. L. Caesar Borgia 48 Gaskell, E. C. Life of Charlotte Bronte ". 27 Geronimo. His life 10 Gibbon, Edward. Autobiography 28 Gilman, Laurence. Edward MacDowell 34 Gissing, George. Private papers of Henry Ryecroft 17 Goethe, J. W. von. Poetry and truth 42 Goldoni, Carlo. Autobiography 55 Gorky, Maxim. In the world 15 My childhood 15 Gosse, Edmund. Father and son 15, 41 Life of Algernon Charles Swinburne 30 Gozzi, Carlo. Useless memoirs 55 Grant, U. S. Personal memoirs 68 AUTHOR INDEX 68 Page Greenslet, Ferris. Life of Thomas Bailey Aldrich 27 Grenfell, W. T. Labrador doctor 33 Hale, E. E., jr. Life and letters of Edward Everett Hale 10 Hale, Susan. Letters 38 Hamel, Frank. Lady Hester Lucy Stanhope 14 Hamilton, Anthony. Memoirs of Count Gramont 25 Hare, A. J. C. Story of my life 47 Harper, Ida. Life of Susan B. Anthony 41 Harper, J. R. House of Harper 45 Harris, Julia. Joel Chandler Harris 54 Hearn, Setsu. Reminiscences of Lafcadio Hearn 13 Herbert of Cherbury. His life 8 Herrick, F. H. Audubon, the naturalist 37 Higginson, T. W. Cheerful yesterdays 38 Hobson, Elizabeth. Recollections of a happy life 25 Holland, Bernard. Memoir of Kenelm Henry Digby 47 Holt, Winifred. Beacon for the blind 56 Howard, O. O. Nez Perce Joseph 10 Howells, W. D. Years of my youth 32 Hubbard, E. D. Ann of Ava 33 Hudson, W. H. Far away and long ago 15, 37 The man. Napoleon 23 Hughes, Katharine. Father LaCombe 10, 33 Huneker, J. G. Chopin 34 Steeple Jack 46 Hunt, Leigh. Autobiography 31 Hunt, W. H. Pre-Raphaelitism 44 Huxley, Leonard. Life and letters of Thomas Henry Huxley 23 Inness, George, II. Life, art and letters of George Inness 12 Irvine, A. F. My lady of the chimney corner 41 Irving, Washington. Life of Washington 68 Oliver Goldsmith ^° Jacks, L. P. Life and letters of Stopford Brooke 31 J ames, Henry. A small boy and others ^^ Middle years °^ Notes of a son and brother °^ Jefferson, Joseph. Autobiography o5 Jeffries, Richard. Story of my heart 1° Jewett, S. O. Letters f° Johnson, W. F. Red record of the Sioux 1" Jones, H. F. Life of Samuel Butler 27 Keller, Helen. Story of my Hfe oo Kilmer, Joyce. Joyce Kilmer ^^ Krasinska, Franciszka. Journal 1"^ Kropotkin, P. A. Memoi-ies of a revolutionist 17, 50 Lamb, Charles. Letters j4 Landor, W. S. Pericles and Aspasia 49 Larcom, Lucy. New England girlhood 38 Lawless, Emily. Maria Edgeworth 20 Lazarovich-Hrebelianovich, Eleanor. Pleasures and palaces 25 Lear, Edward. Letters l^ Lee, Robert E. Recollections • °4 Lee, Sidney. Life of Shapespeare ^^ Legros, G. U. Fabre, poet of science 37 Lehmann, Lilli. My path through life 34 Leith, Compton. Apologia diilidentis ^^ de'Lespinasse, Julie. Letters • 49 Lewes, G. H. Life and works of Goethe 56 Livingstone, W. P. Mary Slessor 33 Lockhard, J. G. Sir Walter Scott -» Loliee, Frederic. Prince Talleyrand 44 Loti, Pierre. Story of a child J° Lounsbury, T. R. Life and times of Tennyson 3^ Lowell, J. R. Letters 29 Lucas, E. V. Life of Charles Lamb 14 Lucas, Reginald. Lord Glenesk 45 Lucy, Sir Henry. Sixty years in the wilderness 9 Macbean, Leila. Marjorie Fleming }° McCarthy, Justin. An Irishman's story f^ Reminiscences T~ McClure, S. S. My autobiography 63 McMaster, J. B. Stephen Girard o2 Macready, W. C. Reminiscences 47, 5o Mahan, A. T. Admiral Farragut 51 Maitland, F. W. Life and letters of Leslie Stephen 32 64 AUTHOR INDEX Page Marcosson, I. F., and Frohman, Daniel. Charles Frohman 65 Markino, Yoshio. Japanese artist in London 81 Marsh, E. H. Rupert Brooke 26. 42, 45 Martineau, Harriet. Autobiography 81 Matthews, Brander. These many years 39 Meredith, George. Letters 24, 32 Meynell, Everard. Francis Thompson 36 Mill, J. S. Autobiography 19, 49 Millais, J. G. Life of Frederick Courceney Selous 9, 37 Mistral, Frederic. Memoirs 23 Mitchell, Maria. Life and letters 41 Modjeska, Helena. Memories and impressions 55 Montagu, Lady Mary. Letters 46 Monypenny, W. F., and Buckle, G. E. Life of Benjamin Disraeli 21 Moody, W. V. Letters 14 Moore, George. Hail and farewell 29 Moore, Sir John. Diary 9 Moore, Thomas. Letters of Lord Byron 27 Morley, John. Life of William Ewart Gladat^-ie 22 Oliver Cromwell 43 Recollections 22, 43 Morse, J. T., jr. John Adams 7 Life of John Quincy Adams ^ Muir, John. Story of my childhood 16, 37 Murray, Gilbert. Euripedes and his age 66 Murry, J. M. Tyodor Dostoevsky 60 Newman, J. H. Apologia pro vita sua 47 Nicolay, J. G. Short life of Abraham Lincoln 59 Nivedita. The master as I saw him 86, 40 Noguchi, Yone. Story of Yone Noguchi 53 Norton, C. E. Letters 29 Ohphant, Margaret. Annals of a publishing house 44 Autobiography 67 Osborn, C. S. Iron hunter 9. 32 Page, 'j.'. N. Robert E. Lee 58 Paine, A. B. Mark Twain 30 Palmer, G. H. Life of Alice Freeman Palmer 19, 49, 57 Parker, Cornelia. An American idyll 49, 67 Pater, Walter. Child in the house 16 Paton, L. A. Elizabeth Cary .Agassiz 50 Pears, Sir Edwin. Abdul Hamid 40 Forty years in Constantinople 40 Pennell, Elizabeth. Charles Go airey Leland 28 Pennell, E. R. and Joseph. Life of James McNeill Whistler 12 Pepys, Samuel. Diary 22, 25, 46 Ferris, G. H. Leo Tolstoy 60 Perry, Bliss. Walt Whitman 17 Pryor, Sara. My day 64 Pumpelly, Raphael. Reminiscences 9, 50 Putnam, G. H. Memories of my youth 45 Memories of a publisher 45 Pyle, J. G. Life of James J. HiU 52 Ravage, M. E. American in the making 10 Renan, Ernest. Recollections 16 Richards, Laura, and Elliot, Maude. Julia Ward Howe 88 Rihbany, A. M. Far journey 10 Riis, Jacob. Making of an American 11 Roberts, Lord. Forty-one years in India 40 Robertson, C. G. Bismarck 18 Rolland, Romain. Handel 34 Roof, K. M. Life and art of William Merritt Chase 11 Roosevelt, Theodore. Letters to his children 41 Roper, William. Sir Thomas More 22 Rosebery, A. P. Napoleon 17 Rossetti, D. G. His family letters 44 Rossetti, W. M. Some reminiscences 44 Rousseau, J. J. Confessions 19, 52 Ruskin, John. Praeterita 12 Sabatier, Paul, St. Francis of Asissi 86 Saint Gaudens, Augustus. Reminiscences 12, 24 St. Helier, Mary. Memoirs of fifty years 25 Sanborn, F. B. Henry D. Thoreau 87 Sanchez, Mrs. Nellie. Life of Mrs. Robert Louis Stevenson 46 Sand, George. History of my life 29 AUTHOR INDEX 65 Page Sandeman, G. A. C. Metternich 18 Sangster, Margaret. Autobiography 39 Schumann, Robert. Letters 34 Schurz, Carl. Abraham Lincoln 59 Life of Henry Clay 67 Reminiscences 11, 59 Scudder, H. E. James Russell Lowell 38 Seeley, J. R. Life and times of Stein 18 Selincourt, Hugh de. Great Raleigh 23 Sevigne, Mvie. de. Letters 41 Sharp, Elizabeth. William Sharp 29 Shaw, A. H. Story of a pioneer 42 Shelley, H. C. Gilbert White 37 Sladen, Douglas. Twenty years of my life 25 Sloane, W. M. Life of Napoleon 17 Smith, C. A. O. Henry 39 Smith, Goldwin. Reminiscences 20 Smith, H. J. Letters 46 Sothern, E. H. Melancholy tale of "Me" 56 Southey, Robert. Life of Nelson 51 Spencer, Herbert. Autobiography 20 Stacpoole, H. de V. Villon 24 Stanley, A. P. Life of Thomas Arnold 19 Stanley, Sir Henry. Autobiography 9, 67 Stanton, Theodore ed. Rosa Bonheur 11, 37 Steiner, E. A. From alien to citizen • 11 Stephens, Winifred. Madame Adam 41 Stevenson, R. A. M. Velasquez 12 Stevenson, R. L. Memoir of Fleeming Jenkin 13 Letters 24 Stirling, A. M. W. Coke of Norfolk ....... ...............'.'..'..'.'...'.'. .'.20, 21 Stokes, Hugh. Francisco Goya 12 Strahan, James. The marechale 41 Sumner, W. G. Life of Andrew Jackson 58 Symonds, J. A. Life of Michelangelo Buonarroti 12 Taf t, Helen. Recollections • 25 Tagore, Rabindranath. My reminiscences 40 Tallentyre, S. G. Life of Voltaire 24 Tennyson, H. T. Alfred, Lord Tennyson 30 Teresa, St. Life of Saint Teresa 36 Terry, Ellen. Story of my Hfe 56 Thayer, W. R. Life and letters of John Hay 24, 58 Life and times of Cavour 43 Theodore Roosevelt 44 Thomas, Rose. Memoirs of Theodore Thomas 35 Thompson, Francis. Shelley 42 Thorold, A. L. Life of Henry Labouchere 22,45 Thwaites, R. G. Daniel Boone 59 Todd, M. G. Life of Sophia Jex-Blake 54 Tolstoy, Leo. Childhood, boyhood and youth 16 Tomita, Kokei. Peasant sage of Japan 40 Trevelyan, G. M. Life of John Bright 21, 56 Trevelyan, G. O. Early history of Charles James Fox 22 Life and letters of Lord Macaulay 22 TroUope, Anthony. Autobiography 30 Trudeau, E. L. An autobiography ~ 57 Tschaikowsky, Modeste. Life and letters of Peter Tshaikowsky 35 Vallery-Radot, Rene. Life of Pasteur 57 Vedder, Elihu. Digressions 12 Venable, W. H. Buckeye boyhood 32 Villari, Pasquale. Life and times of Machiavelli 43 Savonarola 47 Waddington, Mary. Italian letters 26 Letters of a diplomat's wife 26 Wallace. A. R. My life 23 Wallace, Lewis. Lew Wallace 33 Wallas, Graham. Life of Francis Place 18 Ward, Mrs. Humphry. Writer's recollections 3^> Watterson, Henry. "Marse Henry" ^^ Welles, Gideon. Diary ^^ Wheeler, B. I. Alexander the Great n Wheeler, Candace. Yesterdays in a busy life 89, 42 White, A. O. Autobiography 44 WiUard, J. F. My life 19 66 AUTHOR INDEX Page Willson, Beckles. Life of Lord Strathcona 63 Washin^on, Booker. Up from slavery 54 Wilstach, Paul. Richard Mansfield 55 Winter, William. Edwin Booth 55 Wister, Owen. Seven ages of Washington 54 Woodberry, G. E. Life of Edgar Allan Poe 29 Wordsworth, Dorothy. Journals 42 Wordsworth, William. The prelude 43 SUBJECT INDEX Page Abbott, Lyman 46 Abdul Hamid 40 Abelard, Pierre 48 Adam, Juliette 41 Adams, Abigail 7 Adams, Briggs Kilburn 26 Adams, Charles Francis, 1 7, 58 Adams, Charles Francis, II 7 Adams, Henry .8, 19 Adams, John 7 Adams, John Quincy 7 Agassiz, Mrs. Elizabeth Gary 50 Agassiz, Louis 50 Aksakov, Sergei 14, 15, 49 Alcott, Louisa May 38 Aldrich, Thomas Bailey 27 Alexander the Great 17 Allier, Roger 26 Amiel, Henri Frederic 51 Andersen, Hans Christian 15 Anderson, Mary 13 Anthony, Susan Brownall 41 Antin, Mary 10 D'Arblay, Mme., see Burney, Frances. Armstrong, Maitland 11, 39 Arnold, Matthew 31 Arnold, Thomas 19 Aspasia 49 Audubon, John James 37 Augustine, Saint 52 Avary, Myrta Lockett 54 Bagehot, Walter 53 Baldwin, William Henry, jr 53 Bancroft, Elizabeth (Davis) 20 Barnett, Samuel Augutus 53 Barton, Clara 53 Bashkirtseff, Marie 52 Benson, Robert Hugh 13 Benton, Thomas H 43 Berlioz, Hector 33 Bernhardt, Sarah 55 Bismarck, Otto von 18 Bispham, David 33 Blackwood, William 44 Blaine, Mrs. Harriet Bailey 24 Blake, WilUam 35 Bonheur, Rosa 11. 37 Boone, Daniel 59 Booth, Edwin 55 Booth, William 46 Booth-Clibborn, Catherine 41 Borgia, Caesar 48 Borrow, George Henry 16 Borthwick, Algernon 45 Brandes, Georg 15 Breshkovsky, Catherine 50 Bright, John 21, 56 Bronte, Charlotte 27 Brooke, Rupert 26, 42, 45 Brooke, Stopford 31 Brooks, Phillips 47 Browning, Elizabeth 49 Browning Robert 49 Bunyan, John 47 Burge, C. 8 Page Burne-Jones, Edward 44 Burnett, Frances Hodgson 15 Burney, Frances 21 Butler, Samuel 27 Byron, Lord 27 Ca?sar, Julius 17 Campbell, Reginald John 47 Carlyle, Thomas 28 Carpenter, Edward 17 Carpenter, William Boyd 20 Carroll, Lewis 13 Cavour, Camillo Benso di, conte 43 Cellini, Benvenuto 8, 11, 48 Chapin, Harold 26 Chapman, Victor Emanuel 26 Chase, William Merritt 11 Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, ith earl of 40 Chopin, Frederic 34 Clark, George Rogers 69 Clarke, Mrs Caroline Cowles (Rich- ards ) 89 Clarke, James Freeman 47 Clarke, Mary Cowden 31 Clay, Henry 57 Cohen, Rose 10 Coke, Thomas William 20, 21 Columba, Saint 35 Conrad, Joseph 51 Cornwallis-West, Mrs. Jennie (Jerome) 21 Creevey, Mrs. Caroline Alathea (Stickney^ 38 Cromwell, Oliver 43 Cummings, Bruce Frederick 52 Custer, George Armstrong 60 Dana, Richard Henry 51 Darwin, Charles R 23 Davis, Richard Harding 8 Delane, John Thaddeus 45 De Quincey, Thomas 16 d'Este, Beatrice 48 d'Este, Isabella 48 Dickens, Charles 28 Digby, Kenelm Henry 47 Disraeli, Benjamin 21 Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge, see Carroll, Lewis Dostoevsky, Fyodor 60 Eastman, Charles Alexander 9 Edgeworth, Maria 20 Eliot, George 28 Emerson, Ralph Waldo 35 Erasmus, Desiderius 43 Eugenie, Empress of the French 23 Euripedes 56 Evans, Robley Dungleson 51 Evelyn, John 21 Fabre, Jean Henri 37 Fagan, James Octavius 18 Fairless, Michael 35 Farragut, David Glasgow 51 Fawcett, Henry 56 Fay, Amy 84 67 68 SUBJECT INDEX Page Fiske, John 23 Fleming, Marjorie 15 Flynt, Josiah, see Willard Josiah Flynt Foster, John Watson 18 Fox, Charles James 22 France, Anatole 15 Francis of Assisi 36 Francis, John 45 Franck, Cesar 34 Franklin, Benjamin 52 Franklin, Sir John 8 Fraser, Mrs. Mary Crawford 25 Frohman, Charles 55 Gallatin, James 18, 23 Gallon, Francis 8, 50 Garland, Hamlin 32 Geronimo 10 Gibbon, Edward 28 Gilley, John 37, 38 Girai-d, Stephen 52 Gissing, George 17 Gladstone, William Ewart 22 Godolphin, Margaret 13 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 42, 56 Goldoni, Carlo 55 Goldsmith, Oliver 28 Gorky, Maxim 15 Gosse, Edmund 15, 41 Gosse, Phihp Henry 41 Goya, Francisco 12 Gozzi, Carlo, conte 55 Gramont, Philibert, comte de 25 Grant, Ulysses Simpson 58 Grenfell, Wilfred T 33 Grieg, Edward 34 Guynemer, Georges 27 Gwyn, Nell 55 Hale, Edward Everett 10 Hale, Susan 38 Handel, Georg Friedrich 34 Hare, Augustus J. C 47 Harper, J. Rainey 45 Harris, Joel Chandler 54 Hay, John 24, 58 Hearn, Lafcadio 13, 40 Heloise 48 Henry, 39 Herbert of Cherbury, Lord Edward. . 8 Higginson, Thomas Wentworth 38 Hill, James Jerome 52 Hobson, Mrs. Elizabeth Kimball 25 Howe, Julia Ward 38 Howells, William Dean 32 Hudson, William Henry 15, 37 Huneker, James Gibbons 46 Hunt, Leigh 31 Hunt, William Holman 44 Huxley, Thomas Henry 23 Inness, George 12 Irvine, Anna 41 Jackson, Andrew 58 James, Henry 30, 39 Jefferson, Joseph 55 Jeffries, Richard 16 Jenkin, Fleeming 13 Jewett, Sara Orne 38 Jex-Blake, Sophia 54 Joan of Arc 36 Johnson, Samuel 28 Jones, John Paul 51 Joseph, Chief of the Nez Perce 10 Judson, Ann Hasseltine 33 Keats, John 42 Keller, Helen 56 Kilmer, Joyce 27 Page Krasinska, Franciszka, Countess.... 13 Kropotkin, Peter Alexeievitch, Prince 17, 50 Labouchere, Henry 22, 45 LaCombe, Albert 10, 33 La Farge, John 12 Lamb, Charles 14 Larcom, Lucy 38 Lazarovich-Hrebelianovich, Eleanor Hulda (Calhoun) 25 Lear, Edward 14 Lee, Robert E 54, 58 Lehmann, Lilli 34 Leith, Compton 17 Leland, Charles Godfrey 28 d'Lespinasse, Julie 49 Lincoln, Abraham 59 Locker-Lampson, Frederick 31 Loti, Pierre 16 Lowell, James Russell 29, 38 Lucy, Sir Henry t . . . . 9 Macaulay, Thomas Babington 22 McCarthy, Justin 22 McClure, S. S 53 MacDowell, Edward 34 Machiavelli, Niccolo 43 Macready, Wilham C 47, 55 Mansfield, Richard 55 Markino, Yoshio 31 Marshall, John 58 Martineau, Harriet 31 Matthews, Brander 39 Meredith, George 24, 32 Metternich, Prince 18 Michelangelo Buonarroti 12 Mill, John Stuart 19, 49 Mistral, Frederic 23 Mitchell, Maria 41 Modjeska, Helena 55 Montagu Lady Mary (Pierrepont) Wortley 46 Moody, WilUam Vaughn 14 Moore, George 29 Moore, Sir John 9 More, Sir Thomas 22 Morley John 22, 43 Muir, John 16, 37 Napoleon 17, 23 de Navarro, Mtne., see Anderson, Mary Nelson, Horatio 51 Newman, John Henry 47 Nightingale, Florence 36, 54 Ninomiya, Sontoku 40 Noguchi, Yone 53 Norton, Charles Eliot 29 Ogilvy, Margaret 14 Oliphant, Margaret 57 Osborn, Chase Salmon 9, 32 Palmer, Alice Freeman 19, 49, 57 Parker, Carleton Hubbell 49, 57 Pasteur, Louis 57 Pater, Walter 16 Pears, Sir Edvdn 40 Pepys. Samuel 22, 25. 46 Place, Francis 18 Poe, Edgar Allan 29 Porter, Sydney, see Henry, O. Prince, Norman 27 Pryor, Mrs. Sara Agnes (Rice) 54 Pumpelly, Raphael 9, 50 Putnam, George Haven 45 Raleigh, Sir Walter 23 Randolph, John 58 Ravage, Marcus Eh 10 Renan, Ernest 16 SUBJECT INDEX 69 Page Rihbany, Abraham Mitrie 10 Riis, Jacob 11 Riley, James Whitcomb 32 Roberts Lord 4(1 Roosevelt, Theodore 41, 44 Rossetti, Dante Gabriel 44 Rossetti, William Michael 44 Rousseau, Jean Jacques 19, 52 Ruskin, John 12 Saint Gaudens, Augustus 12, 24 St. Helier, Mary (Stewart-MacKen- zie) Jeune, Baroness 25 Sand, George 29 Sangster, Mrs. Margaret E. (Munson) 39 Savonarola 47 Schumann, Robert 34 Schurz, Carl 11, 59 Scott, Sir Walter 29 Selous, Frederick Courteney 9, 37 Sevigne, Marquise de 24, 41 Shakespeare, William 29 Sharp, WilHam 29 Shaw, Anna Howai-d 42 Shelley, Percy Bysshe 42 Sitting Bull 10 Sladen, Douglas 25 Slessor, Mary Mitchell 33 Smith, Goldwin 20 Smith, Harry James 46 Sothei-n, Edward Hugh 56 Spencer, Herbert 20 Stanhope, Lady Hester 14 Stanley, Sir Henry Morton 9, 57 Stedman, Edmund Clarence 38 Stein, freiherr von 18 Steiner, Edward Alfred 11 Stephen, Leslie 32 Sterling, John 48 Stevenson, Robert Louis 24, 29, 30 Page Stevenson, Mrs. Robert Louis 46 Strathcona, Lord 53 Swinburne, Algernon Charles 30 Taft, Helen Herron 25 Tagore, Sir Rabindranath 40 Talleyrand 44 Tennyson, Alfred 30, 32 Teresa, Saint 36 Terry, Ellen 56 Thomas, Theodore 35 Thompson, Francis 36 Thoreau, Henry David 37 Tolstoy, Leo, Count 16, 50 Trollope, Anthony 30 Trudeau, Edward Livingston 57 Tschaikowsky, Peter Illytch 35 Twain, Mark 30 Vedder, Elihu 12 Velasquez 12 Venable, William Henry 32 Villon, Frangois 24 Vivekananda, swdmi 36, 40 Voltaire 24 Waddington, Mrs. Mary A. (King).. 26 Wallace, Alfred Russell 23 Wallace, Lewis 33 Ward, Mrs. Humphry 30 Washington, Booker T 54 Washington, George 54, 58 Watterson, Henry 44 Welles, Gideon 59 Wheeler, Mrs. Candace 39, 42 Whistler, James McNeill 12 White, Andrew Dickson 44 White, Gilbert 37 Whitman, Walt 17 Willard, Josiah Flynt 19 Wordsworth, Dorothy 42 Wordsworth, William 43 8693 r UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY This book is DUE on the last date stamped "below JUL 1 8 19471 Form L-O OTiVERsrry of cAUFonrnk AT LOS A^JGELES TTTIT?APV 5301 Tappert - -HUB yiftwpnJTits biography. ;,C snUTHrRN RFOIONAL LlBRARy_FAClLlTY^^ lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllll' "•' '^^ "AA 000 484 122 7 2 5301 T16