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DARTMOUTH.
THE HISTORY
OP
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
BY
BAXTER PERRY SMITH.
BOSTON:
HOUGHTON, OSGOOD AND COMPANY.
1878.
COPYRIGHT, 1878,
BY BAXTER PERRY SMITH.
The Riverside Press, Cambridge :
Printed by H. O. Houghton and Company.
PREFACE.
IN" the preparation of this work the writer has deemed it
better to let history, as far as possible, tell its own story, re-
garding reliability as preferable to unity of style.
The imperfect ^records of all our older literary institutions,
limit their written history, in large measure, to a record of
the lives and labors of their teachers.
To the many friends of the college, and others, who have
kindly given their aid, the writer is under large obligations.
The following names deserve especial notice : Hon. Robert
C. Winthrop, Hon. Charles L. Woodbury, Hon. R. R. Bishop,
Wm. H. Duncan, Esq., Richard B. Kimball, Esq., Rev. Eden
B. Foster, D. D., Hon. James Barrett, N. C. Berry, Esq.,
Dr. F. E. Oliver, Hon. J. E. Sargent, Dr. C. A. Walker,
Hon. A. O. Brewster, Hon. A. A. Ranney, Dr. W. M. Cham-
berlain, Hon. James W. Patterson, Rev. Carlos Slafter, Hon.
J. B. D. Cogswell, Gen. John Eaton, Rev. H. A. Hazen,
Rev. S. L. B. Speare, H. N. Twombly, Esq., Caleb Blodgett,
Esq., Hon. Benj. F. Prescott, Dr. C. H. Spring, Prof. C. O.
Thompson, Hon. Frederic Chase, Rev. W. J. Tucker, D. D.,
L. G. Farmer, Esq., and N. W. Ladd, Esq.
With profound gratitude he mentions also the name of Hon.
Nathan Crosby, but for whose valuable pecuniary aid the
publication of the work must have been delayed ; and the
names of Hon. Joel Parker, Hon. William P. Haines, Hon.
John P. Healy, Hon. Lincoln F. Brigham, John D. Philbrick,
M123188
IV PREFACE.
Esq., Dr. Jabez B. Upham, Hon. Harvey Jewell, and Hon.
Walbridge A. Field, who have aided in a similar manner.
Particular mention should also be made of the kindness of
gentlemen connected with numerous libraries, especially that
of Mr. John Ward Deane, and Mr. Albert H. Hoyt, and the
late J. Wingate Thornton, Esq., of the New England Historic-
Genealogical Society, by whose kindness the writer was fur-
nished with the valuable letter from David McClure to Gen-
eral Knox, and Rev. Alonzo H. Quint, D. D., and Dr. Samuel
A. Green, of the Massachusetts Historical Society, to whom
he is indebted for the invaluable list of English donations
given in the Appendix. Valuable aid has been rendered also
by Messrs. Kimball and Secor, of the New Hampshire State
and State Historical Society Libraries, at Concord. In this
connection the well known names of W. S. Butler, Prof. F. B.
Dexter, Hon. C. J. Hoadley, F. B. Perkins, Hon. J. Ham-
mond Trumbull, and Hon. E. P. Walton also deserve notice.
The writer is deeply indebted to Hon. John Wentworth, of
Chicago, for his kindness in examining the more important
portions of the work previous to its publication.
For the carefully-prepared draught of the original college
edifice, the writer is indebted to the artistic skill of Mr. Ar-
thur Bruce Colburn.
In closing, especial mention should be made of the kind-
ness of Prof. Charles Hammond, Marcus D. Gilman, Esq.,
and others representing the family of the founder, of the
family of Hon. Elisha Payne, an early and honored Trustee,
of the Trustees and Faculty of the college, and the courteous
liberality of the publishers.
BAXTER P. SMITH.
BROOKLLNE, MASS., June, 1878.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
PAGE
INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER II.
ANCESTRY AND EARLY LIFE OF ELEAZAR WHEELOCK. His SETTLE-
MENT AT LEBANON. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INDIAN CHARITY
SCHOOL. MR, JOSHUA MORE 6
CHAPTER III.
EDUCATION IN NEW HAMPSHIRE. ACTION IN REGARD TO A COL-
LEGE. TESTIMONIAL OF CONNECTICUT CLERGYMEN. LEGISLATIVE
GRANT TO MR. WHEELOCK 15
CHAPTER IV.
A COLLEGE CONTEMPLATED BY MR. WHEELOCK. LORD DART-
MOUTH. OCCOM AND WHITAKER IN GREAT BRITAIN . . 23
CHAPTER V.
SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON. EXPLORATIONS FOR A LOCATION. ADVICE
OF ENGLISH TRUSTEES 29
CHAPTER VI.
A COLLEGE CHARTER 40
CHAPTER VII.
PRESIDENT WHEELOCK'S PERSONAL EXPLORATIONS IN NEW HAMP-
SHIRE. LOCATION AT HANOVER 49
CHAPTER VIII.
COMMENCEMENT OF OPERATIONS. COURSE OF STUDY. POLICY OF
ADMINISTRATION 57
CHAPTER IX.
PROGRESS TO THE DEATH OF PRESIDENT WHEELOCK. PROMINENT
FEATURES OF HIS CHARACTER . 65
VI CONTENTS.
CHAPTER X.
PROGRESS DURING THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE SECOND PRESIDENT,
JOHN WHEELOCK 76
CHAPTER XL
LACK OP HARMONY BETWEEN PRESIDENT WHEELOCK AND OTHER
TRUSTEES. REMOVAL OP THE PRESIDENT PROM OFPICE. ESTI-
MATE OP HIS CHARACTER 88
CHAPTER XII.
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENT BROWN. CONTEST BETWEEN THE
COLLEGE AND THE STATE. TRIUMPH OF THE COLLEGE . . . 100
CHAPTER XIII.
CHARACTER OP PRESIDENT BROWN. TRIBUTES BY PROFESSOR HAD-
DOCK AND RUPUS CHOATE 117
CHAPTER XIV.
PROGRESS PROM 1820 TO 1828. ADMINISTRATIONS OF PRESIDENT
DANA AND PRESIDENT TYLER 126
CHAPTER XV.
INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT LORD 143
CHAPTER XVI.
THE POLICY OP THE COLLEGE, ITS PROGRESS AND ENLARGEMENT
UNDER PRESIDENT LORD'S ADMINISTRATION PROM 1828 TO 1863 . 157
CHAPTER XVII,
CHARACTER OP PRESIDENT LORD 168
CHAPTER XVIII.
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENT SMITH 177
.CHAPTER XIX.
INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARTLETT 190
CHAPTER XX.
PROF. JOHN SMITH. PROP. SYLVANUS RIPLEY. PROF. BEZALEEL
WOODWARD 211
CHAPTER XXI.
PROP. JOHN HUBBARD. PROP. ROSWELL SHURTLEFP .... 225
CHAPTER XXII.
PROF. EBENEZER ADAMS. PROF. ZEPHANIAH S. MOORE. PROF.
CHARLES B. HADDOCK .241
CONTENTS. vii
CHAPTER XXIII.
PROF. WILLIAM CHAMBERLAIN. PROF. DANIEL OLIVER. PROF.
JAMES FREEMAN DANA 256
CHAPTER XXIV.
PROF. BENJAMIN HALE. PROF. ALPHEUS CROSBY. PROF. IRA
YOUNG 276
CHAPTER XXV.
PROF. STEPHEN CHASE. PROF. DAVII> PEABODT. PROF. WILLIAM
COGSWELL 298
CHAPTER XXVI.
PROF. JOHN NEWTON PUTNAM. PROF. JOHN S. WOODMAN. PROF.
CLEMENT LONG. OTHER TEACHERS 316
CHAPTER XXVII.
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. PROFESSORS NATHAN SMITH, REUBEN D.
MUSSEY, DIXI CROSBY, EDMUND R. PEASLEE, ALBERT SMITH, AND
ALPHEUS B. CROSBY OTHER TEACHERS 339
CHAPTER XXVIII.
THE CHANDLER SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT. THE AGRICULTURAL DE-
PARTMENT. THE THAYER DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING . 367
CHAPTER XXIX.
BENEFACTORS. TRUSTEES 380
CHAPTER XXX.
LABORS OF DARTMOUTH ALUMNI. CONCLUSION 395
lerc ELEAZAJR WH
,BB.
/
T-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION.
THE most valuable part of a nation's history portrays its
institutions of learning and religion.
The alumni of a college which has moulded the intellectual
and moral character of not a few of the illustrious living, or
the more illustrious dead, the oldest college in the valley of
the Connecticut, and the only college in an ancient and hon-
ored State, would neglect a most fitting and beautiful ser-
vice, should they suffer the cycles of a century to pass, with-
out gathering in some modest urn the ashes of its revered
founders, or writing on some modest tablet the names of its
most distinguished sons.
The germ of Dartmouth College was a deep-seated and
long-cherished desire, of the foremost of its founders, to ele-
vate the Indian race in America.
The Christian fathers of New England were not unmind-
ful of the claims of the Aborigines. The well-directed,
patient, and successful labors of the Eliots, Cotton, and the
Mayhews, and the scarcely less valuable labors of Treat and
others, fill a bright page in the religious history of the seven-
teenth century. To numerous congregations of red men
the gospel was preached; many were converted; churches
were gathered, and the whole Bible the first printed in
America was given them in their own language.
This interest in the Indian was not confined to our own
country, in the earlier periods of our history. In Great
Britain, sovereigns, ecclesiastics, and philosophers recognized
i
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
providentially imposed upon them, to aid
a$ giving a Christian civilization to their swarthy breth-
/relv who were \sjt t ting in the thickest darkness of heathen-
ism in the primeval forests of the New World. Societies,
as well as individuals, manifested a deep and practical interest
in the work.
We can only touch upon some of the more salient points of
this subject. But it is especially worthy of note, that the ele-
vation of the Indian race, by the education of its youth, was
not an idea of New England, nor indeed of American, birth.
In Stith's " History of Virginia " (p. 162), we find in sub-
stance the following statements : At an early period in the
history of this State, attempts were made to establish an in-
stitution of learning of a high order. In 1619, the treasurer
of the Virginia Company, Sir Edwin Sandys, received from
an unknown hand five hundred pounds, to be applied by the
Company to the education of a certain number of Indian
youths in the English language and in the Christian religion.
Other sums of money were also procured, and there was a
prospect of being able to raise four or five thousand pounds,
for the endowment of a college. The king favored the design,
and recommended to the bishops to have collections made in
their dioceses, and some fifteen hundred pounds were gathered
on this recommendation. The college was designed for the
instruction of English, as well as Indian, youths. The Com-
pany appropriated ten thousand acres of land to this purpose,
at Henrico, on James River, a little below the present site of
Richmond. The plan of the college was, to place tenants at
halves on these lands, and to derive its income from the profits.
The enterprise was abandoned in consequence of the great
Indian massacre, in 1622, although operations had been com-
menced, and a competent person had been secured to act as
president. This is believed to have been the first effort to
found a college in America.
Passing to the middle of the century, we find the distin-
guished Christian philosopher, Robert Boyle, appointed gov-
ernor of " a company incorporated for the propagation of the
gospel among the heathen natives of New England, and the
parts adjacent in America," and that, after his decease, in
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 3
1691, a portion of his estate was given, by the executors of
his will, to William and Mary's College, which was possibly,
in a measure, the outgrowth of the efforts of Mr. Sandys and
his coadjutors, for the support of Indian students.
In 1728, Col. William Byrd, in writing upon this subject,
laments " the bad success Mr. Boyle's charity has had in con-
verting the natives," which was owing in part, at least, to the
fact, that the interest of their white brethren in their welfare
was confined chiefly to their residence at college.
Pursuing these researches, we come to the name of another
distinguished British scholar and divine, George Berkeley, who
has been styled " the philosopher " of the reign of George II.
We quote a portion of a letter relating to his educational
plans, from Dean Swift to Lord Carteret, Lieutenant of Ire-
land, dated Sept. 3, 1724, in which he says :
" He showed me a little tract which he designs to publish,
and there your Excellency will see his whole scheme of a life
academico-philosophic, of a college at Bermuda for Indian
scholars and missionaries. I discourage him by the coldness
of courts and ministers, who will interpret all this as impos-
sible and a vision, but nothing will do. And therefore I do
humbly entreat your Excellency either to use such persua-
sions as will keep one of the first men in this kingdom for
learning and virtue quiet at home, or assist him by your credit
to compass his romantic design, which, however, is very noble
and generous, and directly proper for a great person of your
excellent education to encourage."
The pamphlet alluded to begins, as one of his biographers
informs us, by lamenting u that there is at this day little sense
of religion and a most notorious corruption of manners in the
English colonies settled on the continent of America, and the
islands," and that " the Gospel hath hitherto made but very
inconsiderable progress among the neighboring Americans, who
still continue in much the same ignorance and barbarism in
which we found them above a hundred years ago." After
stating what he believes to be the causes of this state of things,
he propounds his plan of training young natives, as missionaries
to their countrymen, and educating "the youth of our English
plantations," to fill the pulpits of the colonial churches. His
4 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
biographer is doubtless correct in the opinion, that " it was on
the savages, evidently, that he had his heart."
He obtained a charter from the crown for his proposed col-
lege, and a promise, never fulfilled, of large pecuniary aid
from the government, and early in 1729 he arrived in America,
settling temporarily at Newport, R. I. Failing to accomplish
his purpose, he remained in this country but two or three
years, yet long enough to form the acquaintance of many
eminent men, and among them President Williams, of Yale
College.
Finding that there was no prospect of receiving the promised
aid for his college, Berkeley returned to England in 1731.
Soon after, in addition to a large and valuable donation of
books for the library, he sent as a gift, to Yale, a deed of
his farm in Rhode Island, the rents of which he directed to
be appropriated to the maintenance or aid of meritorious resi-
dent graduates or under-graduates.
Although he failed to carry out his plan of establishing a
college himself, in America, perhaps he " builded better than
he knew." Most fitting is it, as we shall see hereafter, for
the current literature of our day to place in intimate associa-
tion, the names of Boyle, Berkeley, and Dartmouth.
Passing to 1734, we find Rev. John Sergeant commencing
missionary labor among the Indians at Stockbridge, Mass.
After a trial of a few years, he writes in a manner showing
very plainly that he believes civilization essential to any per-
manent success. In one of his letters to Rev. Dr. Colman,
of Boston, he says : " What I propose, in general, is, to take
such a method in the education of our Indian children as
shall in the most effectual manner change their whole manner
of thinking and acting, and raise them as far as possible into
the condition of a civil, industrious, and polished people, while
at the same time the principles of virtue and piety shall be
instilled into their minds in a way that will make the most
lasting impression, and withal to introduce the English lan-
guage among them instead of their own barbarous dialect."
" And now to accomplish this design, I propose to procure
an accommodation of 200 acres of land in this place (which
may be had gratis of the Indian proprietors), and to erect a
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 5
house on it such as shall be thought convenient for a begin-
ning, and in it to maintain a number of children and youth."
He proposes " to have their time so divided between study
and labor that one shall be the diversion of the other, so that
as little time as possible may be lost in idleness," and, " to
take into the number, upon certain conditions, youths from
any of the other tribes around." His plan included both sexes.
Mr. Sergeant died in 1749. Besides accomplishing much him-
self, he laid the foundations for the subsequent labors of Jon-
athan Edwards.
This rapid glance at the earlier efforts in behalf of the
Aborigines of our country, shows that the next actor upon the
stage, undaunted by any lack of success on their part, meas-
urably followed in the footsteps of learned and philanthropic
predecessors.
CHAPTER II.
ANCESTRY AND EARLY LIFE OF ELEAZAR WHEELOCK.
HIS SETTLEMENT AT LEBANON, CONN. ESTABLISHMENT
OF THE INDIAN CHARITY SCHOOL. MR. JOSHUA MORE.
ELEAZAR WHEELOCK, the leading founder of Dartmouth
College, was a great-grandson of Ralph Wheelock, a native of
Shropshire, in England, through whom Dartmouth traces her
academic ancestry to the ancient and venerable Clare Hall, at
Cambridge, where he graduated in 1626, the contemporary
of Thomas Dudley, Samuel Eaton, John Milton, John Norton,
Thomas Shepard, and Samuel Stone.
Coming a few years later to this country, he became a use-
ful and an honored citizen of the then new, but now old,
historic town of Dedham, from which place he removed to
Medfield, being styled " founder " of that town, where he re-
mained till his death. He devoted his time largely to teach-
ing, although, having been educated for the ministry, he ren-
dered valuable service to the infant community as an occasional
preacher. His name is also conspicuous among the magis-
trates and legislators of that period. 1
In the character of his son, Eleazar Wheelock, of Mendon,
we are told there was a union of " the Christian and the
soldier." Having command of a corps of cavalry, he was
" very successful in repelling the irruptions of the Indians,"
although he treated them with " great kindness," in times of
peace. From him, his grandson and namesake received u a
handsome legacy for defraying the expenses of his public
education," and from him, too, he doubtless acquired, in some
1 His daughter Rebecca married John Craft, whose birth is the earliest on
record among the pioneer settlers at Roxbury. Some of his descendants (by an-
other marriage) are conspicuous in history Medfield records connect the names
of Fuller, Chenery, and Morse with the Wheelock family.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 7
measure, that peculiar interest in the Indian race which so
largely moulded his character and guided the labors of his
life.
Near the time of Ralph Wheelock's arrival in America,
were two other arrivals worthy of notice : that of Thomas
Hooker, at Cambridge, " the one rich pearl with which
Europe more than repaid America for the treasures from
her coasts," and that of the widowed Margaret Huntington,
at Roxbury, of which there is still a well-preserved record,
in the handwriting of John Eliot. The guiding and control-
ling influence of Hooker's masterly mind upon all, whether
laymen or divines, with whom he came in contact, must be
apparent to those who are familiar with the biography of one,
to whom the learned and religious institutions of New Eng-
land are more indebted, perhaps, than to any other single
person. Hooker's settlement at Hartford is fitly styled " the
founding of Connecticut."
When a little later the family of Margaret Huntington set-
tled at Say brook, their youthful pastor, who was just gather-
ing a church, was James Fitch, a worthy pupil of Thomas
Hooker. Not satisfied with their location, pastor and people
sought an inland home, and in 1660 laid the foundations of-
what is now the large and flourishing town of Norwich.
From this time Huntington and Fitch are honored names
in the history of Connecticut.
A quarter of a century after the settlement of Norwich,
an English refugee from religious oppression began the settle-
ment of the neighboring town of Windham. To this place,
Ralph Wheelock the younger, a grandson of the Dedham
teacher and preacher, was attracted, marrying about the same
time, Ruth, daughter of Dea. Christopher Huntington, of Nor-
wich. Mr. Ralph Wheelock was a respectable farmer, uni-
versally esteemed for his hospitality, his piety, and the vir-
tues that adorn the Christian character, and in his later years
was an officer of the church.
Of Mrs. Wheelock, it is said : l " Every tradition respecting
her makes her a woman of unusual intelligence and rare piety.
Her home, the main theatre of her life, was blessed equally by
her timely instructions, her holy example, and the administra-
1 Huntington Family Memoir, p. 78.
8 DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE.
tion of a gentle yet firm discipline." Their son Eleazar was
born at Windham, April 22, 1711.
The first minister of this honored town was Rev. Samuel
Whiting, a native of Hartford, and trained in the " Hooker
School." For a helpmeet he had secured a lineal descendant
of that noble and revered puritan, Gov. Wm. Bradford. The
labors of this -worthy pair were largely blessed to their people.
At one period, in a population of hundreds, it is said "the
town did not contain a single prayerless family."
Thus kindly and wisely did the Master arrange, by long
and closely blended lines of events, that the most genial influ-
ences should surround the cradle of one for whom He de-
signed eminent service and peculiar honor.
The mother of Eleazar Wheelock having died in 1725, for
a second wife his father married a lady named Standish, a de-
scendant of Myles Standish, whose heroic character she per-
haps impressed, in some measure, upon her adopted son.
" Being an only son," says his biographer, 1 " and discovering,
at an early age, a lively genius, a taste for learning, with a
very amiable disposition, he was placed by his father under
the best instructors that could then be obtained." At " about
the age of sixteen, while qualifying himself for admission
to college, it pleased God to impress his mind with serious con-
cern for his salvation. After earnest, prayerful inquiry, he
was enlightened and comforted with that hope in the Saviour,
which afterwards proved the animating spring of his abundant
labors to promote the best interests of mankind." At the
time of his admission to the Windham church, the distin-
guished Thomas Clap was its pastor.
Having made the requisite preparation, he entered Yale
College, of which President Williams was then at the head,
" with a resolution to devote himself to the work of the Gospel
ministry." Among his college contemporaries were Joseph
Bellamy and President Aaron Burr.
" His proficiency in study, and his exemplary deportment,
engaged the notice and esteem of the rector and instructors,
and the love of the students. He and his future brother-in-
law, the late Rev. Doctor Pomeroy of Hebron, in Connecticut,
were the first who received the interest of the legacy, gen-
1 Memoirs of Wheelock, by McClure and Parish.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 9
erously given by the Rev. Dean Berkeley," for excellence in
classical scholarship.
Soon after his graduation, in 1733, he commenced preaching.
Having declined a call from Long Island, to settle in the
ministry, he accepted a unanimous invitation from the Second
Congregational Society in Lebanon, Connecticut, and was or-
dained in June, 1735.
This town occupies a conspicuous place in American history ;
for, whoever traces the lineage of some of the most illus-
trious names that grace its pages, finds his path lying to or
through this " valley of cedars," in Eastern Connecticut. Here
the patient, heroic Huguenot aided in laying foundations for
all good institutions. Here the learned, indefatigable Tis-
dale taught with distinguished success. Here lived those
eminent patriots, the Trumbulls. By birth or ancestry, the
honored names of Sm alley, Ticknor, Marsh, and Mason, are
associated with this venerable town.
Mr. Wheelock's parish was in the northern and most re-
tired part of the town, and the least inviting, perhaps, in its
physical aspects and natural resources. The products of a
rugged soil furnished the industrious inhabitants with a com-
fortable subsistence, but left nothing for luxury. It was at
that period a quiet agricultural community, living largely
within itself. As at the present day, there was but one church
within the territorial limits of the parish. The " council of
nine," selected from the more discreet of the male members,
somewhat in accordance with Presbyterian usage, aided in
the administration of a careful and thorough discipline.
There can be no doubt that Mr. Wheelock was accounted
one of the leading preachers and divines of his day. Both as
a pastor, and the associate of the eminent men who were
prominent in the great revival which marked the middle of
the last century, his labors were crowned with large success.
Rev. Dr. Burroughs, who knew him intimately, says : " As a
preacher, his aim was to reach the conscience. He studied
great plainness of speech, and adapted his discourse to every
capacity, that he might be understood by all." His pupil, Dr.
Trumbull, the historian, says : " He was a gentleman of a
comety figure, of a mild and winning aspect, his voice smooth
10 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
and harmonious, the best by far that I ever heard. He had
the entire command of it. His gesture was natural, but not
redundant. His preaching and addresses were close and pun-
gent, and yet winning beyond almost all comparison." 1 By
an intermarriage of their relatives, he was allied to the family
of Jonathan Edwards, whose high regard for him is sufficiently
indicated in a letter dated Northampton, June 9, 1741, from
which we make brief extracts. " There has been a reviving
of religion of late amongst us, but your labors have been much
more remarkably blessed than mine. May God send you
hither with the like blessing as He has sent you to some other
places, and may ybur coming be a means to humble me for my
barrenness and unprofitableness, and a means of my instruc-
tion and enlivening. I want an opportunity to concert meas-
ures with you, for the advancement of the kingdom and glory
of the Redeemer."
We are fortunate in having the testimony of a member of
his own family, in regard to the beginning of Mr. Wheelock's
more practical interest in the unfortunate Aborigines. His
grandson, Rev. William Patten, D. D., says, 2 " One evening
after a religious conference with a number of his people at
Lebanon, he walked out, as he usually did on summer even-
ings, for meditation and prayer; and in his retirement his
attention was led to the neglect [from lack of means] of his
people in providing for his support. It occurred to him, with
peculiar clearness, that if they furnished him with but half a
living, they were entitled to no more than half his labors.
And he concluded that they were left to such neglect, to teach
him that part of his labors ought to be directed to other ob-
jects. He then inquired what -objects were most in want of
assistance. And it occurred to him, almost instantaneously,
that the Indians were the most proper objects of the charita-
ble attention of Christians. He then determined to devote
half of his time to them."
We will now allow this eminent Christian philanthropist to
speak for himself. In his " Narrative," for the period ending
1 The venerable Prof. Stowe states that, when a professor in the College, he was
informed by an aged man, living in the vicinity, that President Wheelock's earnest-
ness in preaching at times led him to leave the pulpit, and appeal to individuals
in his audience.
2 Memoirs of Wheelock, p. 177.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 11
in 1762, after referring to the too general lack of interest in
the Indian, he says :
" It has seemed to me, he must be stupidly indifferent to
the Redeemer's cause and interest in the world, and criminally
deaf and blind to the intimations of the favor and displeasure
of God in the dispensations of His Providence, who could not
perceive plain intimations of God's displeasure against us for
this neglect, inscribed in capitals, on the very front of divine
dispensations, from year to year, in permitting the savages to
be such a sore scourge to our land, and make such depreda-
tions on our frontiers, inhumanly butchering and captivating
our people, not only in a time of war, but when we had good
reason to think (if ever we had) that we dwelt safely by them.
And there is good reason to think that if one half which
has been expended for so many years past in building forts,
manning, and supporting them, had been prudently laid out
in supporting faithful missionaries and schoolmasters among
them, the instructed and civilized party would have been a
far better defence than all our expensive fortresses, and pre-
vented the laying waste so many towns and villages ; witness
the consequence of sending Mr. Sergeant to Stockbridge,
which was in the very road by which they most usually came
upon our people, and by which there has never been one at-
tack made upon us since his going there." After referring
to the ordinary obligations of humanity, patriotism, and re-
ligion, he says :
" As there were few or none who seemed to lay the neces-
sity and importance of Christianizing the natives so much to
heart as to exert themselves in earnest and lead the way
therein, I was naturally put upon consideration and inquiry
what methods might have the greatest probability of success ;
and upon the whole was fully persuaded that this, which I have
been pursuing, had by far the greatest probability of any that
had been proposed, viz. : by the mission of their own [educated]
sons in conjunction with the English ; and that a number of
girls should also be instructed in whatever should be neces-
sary to render them fit to perform the female part, as house-
wives, school-mistresses, and tailoresses. The influence of
their own sons among them will likely be much greater than
12 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
of any Englishmen whatsoever. There is no such thing as
sending English missionaries, or setting up English schools
among them, to any good purpose, in most places, as their
temper, state, and condition have been and still are." In il-
lustration of his theory, he refers to the education, by the
assistance of the u Honorable London Commissioners," 1 of Mr.
Samson Occom, " one of the Mohegan tribe, who has several
years been a useful school-master and successful preacher of
the Gospel." 2
"After seeing the success of this attempt," he continues,
" I was more encouraged to hope that such a method might
be very successful, and above eight years ago I wrote to Rev.
John Brainerd [brother of the distinguished David Brainerd],
missionary in New Jersey, desiring him to send me two likely
boys for this purpose, of the Delaware tribe. He accordingly
sent me John Pumpshire in the fourteenth, and Jacob Wool-
ley in the eleventh years of their age. They arrived Decem-
ber 18, 1754.
" Sometime after these boys came, the affair appearing with
an agreeable aspect, I represented it to Col. Elisha Williams,
late Rector of Yale College, and Rev. Messrs. Samuel Mose-
ley, of Windham, and Benjamin Pomeroy, of Hebron, and in-
vite'd them to join me. They readily accepted the invitation.
And Mr. Joshua Moor, 3 late of Mansfield, deceased, appeared,
to give a small tenement in this place [Lebanon], for the-
foundation, use and support of a charity school, for the edu-
cation of Indian youth, etc." Mr. More's grant contained
" about two acres of pasturing, and a small house and shop,"
near Mr. Wheelock's residence.
This gentleman was one of the more prominent of the early
settlers at Mansfield. He owned and resided upon a large
estate on the Willimantic river, a few miles north of the
present site of the village bearing that name. There is suffi-
cient evidence to warrant the belief, that the first husband of
Mr. More's mother was Mr. Thomas Howard (or Harwood),
1 Agents of the Corporation in London referred to on page 2, of which Robert
Boyle was governor.
2 See Appendix.
3 Mr. M.'s own orthography is More.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 13
of Norwich, who was slain in the memorable fight at Narra-
gansett Fort, in December, 1675, and that her maiden name
was Mary Well man. From the church records, he appears
to have been of a professedly religious character, as early as
1721. As his residence was in the neighborhood of Mr.
Wheelock's early home, and but little farther removed from
Lebanon " Crank," as the north parish' in that town was
styled, Mr. More had ample opportunities for a thorough ac-
quaintance with' the person to whom he now generously ex-
tended a helping hand. It is not known that this worthy
man left any posterity, to perpetuate a name which will be
cherished with tender regard, so long as the institution to
which he furnished a home, in its infancy, shall have an ex-
istence.
In a summary of his work for the eight years, Mr. Whee-
lock says : " I have had two upon my hands since 1754, four
since April, 1757, five since April, 1759, seven since Novem-
ber, 1760, and eleven since August, 1761. And for some
time I have had twenty-five, three of the number English
youth. One of the Indian lads, Jacob Woolley, is now in his
last year at New Jersey College."
There is reason to believe that Occom would have taken a
collegiate course, but for the partial failure of his health. On
the whole, we are fully warranted in the opinion that, from
the outset, Mr. Wheelock designed to have all his missiona-
ries, whether Indian or English, " thoroughly furnished " for
their work.
Before closing the u Narrative," he gives an interesting ac-
count of material resources.
u The Honorable London Commissioners, hearing of the
design, inquired into it, and encouraged it by an allowance of
12 lawful money, by their vote November 12, 1756. And
again in the year 1758 they allowed me X20; and in Novem-
ber 4, 1760, granted me an annual allowance of ,20 for my
assistance; and in October 8, 1761, they granted me .12
towards the support of Isaiah Uncas, son of the Sachem of
Mohegan, and <10 more for his support the following year.
In October, 1756, I received a legacy of fifty-nine dollars of
Mrs. Ann Bingham, of Windham. In July, 1761, I received
14 DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE.
a generous donation of fifty pounds sterling from the Right
Hon. William, Marquis of Lothian ; and in November, 1761,
a donation of 25 sterling from Mr. Hardy, of London ; and
in May, 1762, a second donation of 50 sterling from that
most honorable and noble lord, the Marquis of Lothian ; and,
at the same time, ,20 sterling from Mr. Samuel Savage, mer-
chant in London ; and a collection of ten guineas from the
Rev. Dr. A. Gifford, in London ; and 10 sterling more
from a lady in London, unknown, which is still in the hands
of a friend, and to be remitted with some additional advan-
tage, and to be accounted for when received. And, also, for
seven years past, I have, one year with another, received about
11 lawful money, annually, interest of subscriptions. And in
my journey to Portsmouth last June, I received, in private
donations, 66 17s. 7 c?., lawful money. I also received, for
the use of this school, a bell of about 80 Ib. weight, from a
gentleman in London. The Honorable Scotch Commissioners, 1
in and near Boston, understanding and approving of the de-
sign of sending for Indian children of remote tribes to be edu-
cated here, were the first body, or society, who have led
the way in making an attempt for that purpose. While I
was in Boston they passed a vote, May 7, 1761, ' that the
Reverend Mr. Wheelock, of Lebanon, be desired to fit out
David Fowler, an Indian youth, to accompany Mr. Samson
Occom, going on a mission to the Oneidas; that said David
be supported on said mission for a term not exceeding four
months ; and that he endeavor, on his return, to bring with
him a number of Indian boys, not exceeding three, to be put
under Mr. Wheelock's care and instruction, and that 20 be
put into Mr. Wheelock's hands to carry this design into ex-
ecution.' In November, 1761, the Great and General Court
or Assembly of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, voted
that I should be allowed to take under my care six children of
the Six Nations, for education, clothing, and boarding, and be
allowed for that purpose, for each of said children, 12 per
annum for one year." 2
1 Agents of the Scotch " Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge."
2 For tribes represented in the school, and other donors to the school and col-
lege, see Appendix.
CHAPTER III.
EDUCATION IN NEW HAMPSHIRE. ACTION IN REGARD TO A
COLLEGE. TESTIMONIAL OF CONNECTICUT CLERGYMEN.
LEGISLATIVE GRANT TO MR. WHEELOCK.
THE importance of education to the welfare of any com-
munity, has been duly appreciated by the people of New
Hampshire from the earliest periods of her history.
Such an item as the following is worthy of notice :
" At a publique Town Meeting held the 5 : 2 mo. 58 [1658,]
It is agreed that Twenty pounds pr annum shall be yearly
rayzed for the mayntenance of a School-master in the Town
of Dover." 1 Harvard College being in need of a new build-
ing in 1669, the inhabitants of Portsmouth " subscribed sixty
pounds, which sum they agreed to pay annually for seven
years to the overseers of Harvard College. Dover gave thirty-
two pounds, and Exeter ten pounds for the same purpose." 2
Very few towns at the present day are as liberal, in proportion
to their ability.
Classical schools were established in all the more populous
towns, and these were furnished with competent teachers, who
were graduates of Harvard College, or European universities.
In 1T58, in the midst of the din and tumult of the French
war, we find the clergy ever among the foremost in laudable
enterprise making an earnest effort for increased facilities
for liberal education.
We give official records :
" The Convention of the Congregational Ministers in the
Province of New Hampshire, being held at the house of the
1 Dover Town Records.
2 Adams's Annals of Portsmouth, p. 50.
16 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Rev. Mr. Pike in Somers worth on the 26th day of Sept. 1758 :
The Rev. Joseph Adams was chosen Moderator." After the
sermon and transaction of some business :
44 The Convention then taking into consideration the great
advantages which may arise, both to the Churches and State
from the erecting [an] Academy or College in this Province,
unanimously Voted that the following Petition shall be pre-
ferred to the Governor, desiring him to grant a Charter for
said purpose :
44 To his Excellency, Benning Wentworth, Esq., Capt.-Gen-
eral and Governor-in-Chief in and over his Majesty's Prov-
ince of New Hampshire in New England. May it please
your Excellency,
44 We, the Ministers of the Congregational Churches in this
Province of New Hampshire under your Excellency's Govern-
ment now assembled in an Annual Convention in Somers-
worth, as has been our custom for several years past, the
design of which is to pray together for his Majesty and Gov-
ernment, and to consult the interests of religion and virtue,
for our mutual assistance and encouragement in our proper
business : Beg leave to present a request to your Excellency in
behalf of literature, which proceeds, not from any private or
party views in us, but our desire to serve the Government
and religion by laying a foundation for the best instruction of
youth. We doubt not your Excellency is sensible of the great
advantages of learning, and the difficulties which attend the
education of youth in this Province, by reason of our distance
from any of the seats of learning, the discredit of our medium,
etc. We have reason to hope that by an interest among our
people, and some favor from the Government, we may be able
in a little time to raise a sufficient fund for erecting and carry-
ing on an Academy or College within this Province, without
prejudice to any other such seminary in neighboring Colonies,
provided your Excellency will be pleased to grant to us, a
number of us, or any other trustees, whom your Excellency
shall think proper to appoint, a good and sufficient charter,
by which they may be empowered to choose a President, Pro-
fessors, Tutors, or other officers, and regulate all matters be-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 17
longing to such a society. We therefore now humbly petition
your Excellency to grant such a charter as may, in the best
manner, answer such a design and intrust it with our Com-
mittee, viz. : Messrs. Joseph Adams, James Pike, John Moody,
Ward Cotton, Nathaniel Gookin, Wood bridge Odlin, Samuel
Langdon, and Samuel Haven, our brethren, whom we have
now chosen to wait upon your Excellency with this our peti-
tion, that we may use our influence with our people to pro-
mote so good a design, by generous subscriptions, and that we
may farther petition the General Court for such assistance, as
they shall think necessary. We are persuaded, if your Excel-
lency will first of all favor us with such a charter, we shall be
able soon to make use of it for the public benefit ; and that
your Excellency's name will forever be remembered with
honor. If, after trial, we cannot accomplish it, we promise
to return the charter with all thankfulness for your Excel-
lency's good disposition. It is our constant prayer that God
would prosper your Excellency's administration, and we beg
leave to subscribe ourselves your Excellency's most obedient
servants. JOSEPH ADAMS, Moderator.
" Proceedings attested by SAMUEL HAVEN, Clerk."
" The Convention of Congregational Ministers in the Prov-
ince of New Hampshire being held at the house of the Rev.
Mr. Joseph Adams in Newington on the 25th of September,
1759, the Rev. Mr. Adams was chosen Moderator. We then
went to the house of God. After prayer and a sermon :
" A draught of a charter for a college in this Province being
read : Voted, That the said charter is for substance agreeable
to the mind of the Convention. Whereas a committee chosen
last year to prefer a petition to his Excellency the Governor
for a charter of a college in this Province have given a verbal
account to this Convention of their proceedings and conver-
sation with the Governor upon said affair, by which, not-
withstanding the Governor manifests some unwillingness, at
present, to grant a charter agreeable to the Convention, yet
there remains some hope, that after maturer consideration and
advice of Council, his Excellency will grant such a charter as
will be agreeable to us and our people, therefore, Voted, that
18 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Rev. Messrs. Joseph Adams, James Pike, Ward Cotton, Sam-
uel Parsons, Nathaniel Gookin, Samuel Langdon, and Samuel
Haven, or a major part of them, be and hereby are a Commit-
tee of this Convention, to do everything which to them shall
appear necessary, in the aforesaid affair, in behalf of this
Convention ; and, moreover, to consult upon any other meas-
ures for promoting the education of youth, and advancing
good literature in the Province, and make report to the next
Convention. Attested by SAMUEL HAVEN, Clerk."
The Convention was holden at Portsmouth, September 30,
1760, and at the same place in September, 1761, but nothing
appears in the proceedings of those years concerning the char-
ter. But at the convention held at Portsmouth, September
28, 1762, the Rev. Mr. John Rogers having been chosen mod-
erator, after prayer and sermon, the following testimonial was
laid before the Convention :
"CHELSEA, NORWICH, July 10, 1762.
" "We ministers of the gospel and pastors of churches here-
after mentioned with our names, having, for a number of
years past, heard of or seen with pleasure the zeal, courage,
and firm resolution of the Rev. Eleazar Wheelock of Lebanon,
to prosecute to effect a design of spreading the gospel among
the natives in the wilds of our America, and especially his
perseverance in it, amidst the many peculiar discouragements
he had to encounter during the late years of the war here,
and upon a plan which appears to us to have the greatest
probability of success, namely, by a mission of their own
sons ; and as we are verily persuaded that the smiles of
Divine Providence upon his school, and the success of his
endeavors hitherto justly may, and ought, to encourage him
and all to believe it to be of God, and that which he will own
and succeed for the glory of his great name in the enlarge-
ment of the kingdom of our divine Redeemer, as well as for
the great benefit of the crown of Great Britain, and especially
of his Majesty's dominions in America ; so we apprehend the
present openings in Providence ought to invite Christians of
every denomination to unite their endeavors and to lend a
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 19
helping hand in carrying on so charitable a design ; and we are
heartily sorry if party spirit and party differences shall at all
obstruct the progress of it ; or the old leaven of this land fer-
ment upon this occasion, and give a watchful adversary oppor-
tunity so to turn the course of endeavors into another channel
as to defeat the design of spreading the gospel among the
heathen. To prevent which, and encourage unanimity and
zeal in prosecuting the design, we look upon it our duty as
Christians, and especially as ministers of the gospel, to give
our testimony that, as we verily believe, a disinterested regard
to the advancement of the Redeemer's kingdom and the good
will of His Majesty's dominions in America, were the govern-
ing motives which at first induced the Rev. Mr. Wheelock to
enter upon the great affair, and to risk his own private
interest, as he has done since, in carrying it on ; so we esteem
his plan to be good, his measures to be prudently and well
concerted, his endowments |>fcculiar, his zeal fervent, his en-
deavors indefatigable, for the accomplishing this design, and
we know no man, like minded, who will naturally care for
their state. May God prolong his life, and make him ex-
tensively useful in the kingdom of Christ. We have also,
some of us, at his desire examined his accounts, and we find
that, besides giving in all his own labour and trouble in the
affair, he has charged for the support, schooling, etc., of the
youth, at the lowest rate it could be done for, as the price of
things have been and still are among us ; and we apprehend
the generous donations already made have been and we are
confident will be laid out in the most prudent manner, and
with the best advice for the furtherance of the important
design : and we pray God abundantly to reward the liberality
of many upon this occasion. And we hope the generosity,
especially of persons of distinction and note, will be a happy
lead and inducement to still greater liberalities, and that in
consequence thereof the wide-extended wilderness of America
will blossom as the rose, habitations of cruelty become dwell-
ing places of righteousness and the blessing of thousands
ready to perish come upon all those whose love to Christ and
charity to them has been shown upon this occasion. Which
20 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
is the hearty prayer of your most sincere friends and humble
servants :
EBENEZER ROSETTER Pastor of ye 1 st Chh : in Stonington.
JOSEPH FISH Pastor of ye 2 d Chh: in Stonington.
NATH L WHITAKER Pastor of ye Chh : in Chelsea in Norwich.
BENJ A POMEROY Pastor of ye 1 st Chh : in Hebron.
ELIJAH LOTHROP Pastor of ye Chh : of Gilead in Hebron.
NATH L EELLS Pastor of a Chh: in Stonington.
MATHER BYLES Pastor of ye first Chh: in New London.
JONA. BARBER Pastor of a Chh : in Groton.
MATT. GRAVES Missionary in New London.
PETER POWERS Pastor of the Chh : at Newent in Norwich.
DANIEL KIRTLAND former Pastor of ye Chh : in Newent Nor-
wich.
ASHER ROSETTER Pastor of ye 1 st Chh: in Preston.
JABEZ WIGHT Pastor of ye 4 Chh : in Norwich.
DAVID JEWETT Pastor of a Chh : in New London.
BENJ A THROOP Pastor of a Chh: in Norwich.
SAM L MOSELEY Pastor of a Chh: in Windham.
STEPHEN WHITE Pastor of a Chh : in Windham.
RICHARD SALTER Pastor of a Chh : in Mansfield.
TIMOTHY ALLEN Pastor of ye Chh: in Ashford.
EPHRAIM LITTLE Pastor of ye 1 st Chh : in Colchester.
HOBART ESTABROOK Pastor of a Chh: in East Haddam.
JOSEPH FOWLER Pastor of a Chh : in East Haddam.
BENJ A BOARDMAN Pastor of a Chh : in Middletown.
JOHN NORTON Pastor of a Chh: of Christ in Middletown.
BENJ A DUNNING Pastor of a Chh : of Christ in Marlborough."
"Voted, the Rev. Messrs. Moody, Langdon, Haven, and
Foster be a Committee of this Convention to consider and re-
port on the above. Said committee laid the following draft
before the Convention, which was unanimously voted and
signed by the moderator :
" We, a Convention of Congregational Ministers assembled
at Portsmouth, September 28, 1762, having read and consid-
ered the foregoing attestation from a number of reverend gen-
tlemen in Connecticut, taking into consideration the many
obligations the Supreme Ruler has laid upon Christian
churches to promote his cause and enlarge the borders of his
DAETMOUTH COLLEGE. 21
kingdom in this land, the signal victories he has granted to
our troops, the entire reduction of all Canada, so that a way
is now open for the spreading of the light and purity of the
gospel among distant savage tribes, and a large field, white
unto the harvest, is presented before us ; considering the in-
finite worth of the souls of men, the importance of the gospel
to their present and everlasting happiness, and the hopeful
prospect that the aboriginal natives will now listen to Chris-
tian instruction ; considering also the great expense which
must unavoidably attend the prosecution of this great design,
think ourselves obliged to recommend, in the warmest man-
ner, this subject to the serious consideration of our Christian
brethren and the public. It is with gratitude to the Great
Head of the Church, who has the hearts of all in his hands,
that we observe some hopeful steps taken by the societies
founded for the gospelizing the Indians, and the hearts of such
numbers, both at home and in this land, have been disposed
to bestow their liberalities to enable such useful societies to
effect the great ends for which they are founded. But as we
wish to see every probable method taken to forward so benev-
olent and Christian a design, we, therefore, rejoice to find that
the Rev. Mr. Wheelock has such a number of Indian youths
under his care and tuition ; and in that abundant testimony
which his brethren in the ministry have borne to his abilities
for, and zeal and faithfulness in, this important undertaking.
And we do hereby declare our hearty approbation of it, as far
as we are capable of judging of an affair carried on at such a
distance ; and think it our duty to encourage and exhort all
Christians to lend a helping hand towards so great and gen-
erous an undertaking. We would not, indeed, absolutely
dictate this, or any other particular scheme, for civilizing and
spreading the gospel among the Indians ; but we are per-
suaded that God demands of the inhabitants of these colonies
some returns of gratitude, in this way, for the remarkable suc-
cess of our arms against Canada, and that peace and security
which he has now given us ; we must, therefore, rely on the
wisdom and prudence of the civil authority to think of it as a
matter in which our political interests as well as the glory of
God are deeply concerned ; and we refer to our churches and
22 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
all private Christians as peculiarly called to promote the Re-
deemer's kingdom everywhere, to determine what will be the
most effectual methods of forwarding so noble and pious a de-
sign, and to contribute, to the utmost of their power, either
towards the execution of the plan which the Rev. Mr.
Wheelock is pursuing, or that of the corporation erected in
the Province of Massachusetts Bay, or any other which may
be thought of here or elsewhere, for the same laudable pur-
pose. JOHN ROGERS, Moderator."
The first Legislative action in New Hampshire relative to
Mr. Wheelock's work is also worthy of notice. The following
is from the Journal of the House of Representatives :
" June 17, 1762, Voted, that the Hon. Henry Sherburne
and Mishech Weare, Esquires, Peter Oilman, Clement March,
Esq., Capt. Thomas W. Waldron, and Capt. John Wentworth
be a committee to consider of the subject-matter of Rev. Mr.
Eleazar Wheelock's memorial for aid for his school." This
committee made a favorable report, saying : " We think it
incumbent on this province to do something towards promot-
ing so good an undertaking," and recommending a grant of
fifty pounds sterling per annum for five years. The action of
the Legislature was in accordance with this report. Later
records, however, indicate that the grant was not continued
after the first, or possibly the second, year. Gov. Benning
Wentworth, after careful investigation, gave his official sanc-
tion to the action of his associates, in aid of Mr. Wheelock.
CHAPTER IV.
A COLLEGE CONTEMPLATED BY MR. WHEELOCK. LORD
DARTMOUTH. OCCOM AND WHITAKER IN GREAT BRITAIN.
MB. WHEELOCK held relations more or less intimate with
the leading educational institutions of the country. But his
favorite college was at Princeton, New Jersey, far removed
from his own residence. A warm friendship subsisted be-
tween him and many of its officers, and thither he sent most
of his students for a considerable period. The inconvenience
of doing this, may have suggested the idea of a college in
connection with his school. However this may have been,
nothing short of a college could satisfy him. The following
letter, written in April, 1763, needs no further preface :
" TO HIS EXCELLENCY GENERAL JEFFREY AMHERST, BARONET.
" May it please your Excellency, The narrative herewith
inclosed, gives your Excellency some short account of the suc-
cess of my feeble endeavors, through the blessing of God upon
them, in the affair there related.
" Your Excellency will easily see, that if the number of
youth in this school continues to increase, as it has done, and
as our prospects are that it will do, we shall soon be obliged to
build to accommodate them and accordingly to determine upon
the place where to fix it, and I would humbly submit to your
Excellency's consideration the following proposal, viz. : That a
tract of land, about fifteen or twenty miles square, or so much
as shall be sufficient for four townships, on the west side of
Susquehannah river, or in some other place more convenient in
the heart of the Indian country, be granted in favor of this
school : That said townships be peopled with a chosen number
of inhabitants of known honesty, integrity, and such as love
and will be kind to, and honest in their dealings with Indians.
That a thousand acres of, and within said grant, be given to
24 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
this school, and that the school be an academy for all parts of
useful learning ; part of it to be a college for the education of
missionaries, interpreters, schoolmasters, etc. ; and part of it a
school to teach reading, writing, etc., and that there be man-
ufactures for the instruction both of males and females, in
whatever shall be necessary in life, and proper tutors, masters,
and mistresses be provided for the same. That those towns
be furnished with ministers of the best characters, and such
as are of ability, when incorporated with a number of the
most understanding of the inhabitants, to conduct the affairs
of the school, and of such missions as they shall have occasion
and ability for, from time to time. That there be a sufficient
number of laborers upon the lands belonging to the school ;
and that the students be obliged to labor with them, and
under their direction and conduct, so much as shall be neces-
sary for their health, and to give them an understanding of
husbandry ; and those who are designed for farmers, after they
have got a sufficient degree of school learning, to labor con-
stantly, and the school to have all the benefit of their labor,
and they the benefit of being instructed therein, till they are
of an age and understanding sufficient to set up for them-
selves, and introduce husbandry among their respective tribes ;
and that there be a moderate tax upon all the granted lands,
after the first ten or fifteen years, and also some duty upon
mills, etc., which shall not be burdensome to the inhabitants,
for the support of the school, or missionaries among the In-
dians, etc. By this means much expense, and many incon-
veniences occasioned by our great distance from them, would
be prevented, our missionaries be much better supported and
provided for, especially in case of sickness, etc. Parents and
children would be more contented, being nearer to one an-
other, and likely many would be persuaded to send their chil-
dren for an education, who are now dissuaded from it only on
account of the great distance of the school from them.
" The bearer, Mr. C. J. S., 1 is able, if your Excellency
desires it, to give you a more full and particular account of
the present state of this school, having been for some time the
master and instructor of it, and is now designed, with the
leave of Providence, the ensuing summer, to make an excur-
i Charles J. Smith.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 25
sion as a missionary among the Indians, with an interpreter
from this school.
" And by him your Excellency may favor me with your
thoughts on what I have proposed.
" I am, with sincerest duty and esteem, may it please your
Excellency, your Excellency's most obedient and humble ser-
vant, ELEAZAR WHEELOCK."
In 1764, the Scotch Society, already referred to, manifested
increasing interest in Mr. Wheelock's work, by appointing a
Board of Correspondents, selected from gentlemen of high
standing, in Connecticut, to cooperate with him.
We here insert entire, Mr. Wheelock's first letter to Lord
Dartmouth :
" TO THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF DARTMOUTH.
"LEBANON, CONNECTICUT, NEW ENGLAND, March 1, 1764.
" May it please your Lordship,
" It must be counted amongst the greatest favors of God to
a wretched world, and that which gives abundant joy to the
friends of Zion, that among earthly dignities there are those
who cheerfully espouse the sinking cause of the great Re-
deemer, and Avhose hearts and hands are open to minister
supplies for the support and enlargement of His kingdom in
the world.
" As your Lordship has been frequently mentioned with
pleasure by the lovers of Christ in this wilderness, and having
fresh assurance of the truth of that fame of yours, by the Rev.
Mr. Whitefield, from his own acquaintance with your person
and character, and being encouraged and moved thereto by
him, I am now emboldened, without any other apology for
myself than that which the nature of the case itself carries in
its very front, to solicit your Lordship's favorable notice of,
and friendship towards, a feeble attempt to save the swarms
of Indian natives in this land from final and eternal ruin,
which must unavoidably be the issue of those poor, miserable
creatures, unless God shall mercifully interpose with His bless-
ing upon endeavors to prevent it.
" The Indian Charity School, under my care (a narrative
of which, herewith transmitted, humbly begs your Lordship's
26 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
acceptance), has met with such approbation and encourage-
ment from gentlemen of character and ability, at home and
abroad, and such has been the success of endeavors hitherto
used therein, as persuade us more and more that it is of God,
and a device and plan which, under his blessing, has a greater
probability of success than any that has yet been attempted.
By the blessing and continual care of heaven, it has lived,
and does still live and flourish, without any other fund appro-
priated to its support than that great one, in the hands of
Him, whose the earth is, and the fullness thereof.
" And I trust there is no need to mention any other con-
siderations to prove your Lordship's compassions, or invite
your liberality on this occasion, than those which their piteous
and perishing case does of itself suggest, when once your
Lordship shall be well satisfied of a proper and probable way
to manifest and express the same with success. Which I do
with the utmost cheerfulness submit to your Lordship, believ-
ing your determination therein to be under the direction of
Him who does all things well. And, if the nature and im-
portance of the case be not esteemed sufficient excuse for the
freedom and boldness I have assumed, I must rely upon your
Lordship's innate goodness to pardon him who is, with the
greatest duty and esteem, my lord,
" Your Lordship's most obedient,
" And most humble servant,
" ELEAZAR WHEELOCK."
It is interesting to observe here the agency of Mr. Wheel-
ock's old and intimate friend, Whitefield. As early as 1760,
after alluding to efforts in his behalf in Great Britain, he
wrote to Mr. Wheelock :
" Had I a converted Indian scholar, that could preach and
pray in English, something might be done to purpose."
After much deliberation, Mr. Wheelock determined to send
Mr. Occom and Rev. Nathaniel Whitaker of Norwich, who
was deeply interested in his work, to solicit the charities of
British Christians, with a purpose of more extended operations.
They left this country late in 1765, carrying testimonials
from a large number of eminent civilians and divines.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 27
The following letter indicates that they were cordially wel-
comed in England :
"LONDON, February 2, 1766.
MY DEAR ME. WHEELOCK, This day three weeks I
had the pleasure of seeing Mr. Whitaker and Mr. Occom.
On their account, I have deferred my intended journey into
the country all next week. They have been introduced to,
and dined with the Daniel of the age, viz., the truly noble
Lord Dartmouth. Mr. Occom is also to be introduced by
him to his Majesty, who intends to favor their design with his
bounty. A short memorial for the public is drawn, which is
to be followed with a smajl pamphlet. All denominations
are to be applied to, and therefore no mention is made of any
particular commissioners or corresponding committees what-
soever. It would damp the thing entirely. Cashiers are to
be named, and the moneys collected are to be deposited with
them till drawn for by yourself. Mr. Occom hath preached
for me with acceptance, and also Mr. Whitaker. They are
to go round the other denominations in a proper rotation.
As yet everything looks with a promising aspect. I have
procured them suitable lodgings. I shall continue to do
everything that lies in my power. Mr. S. 1 is providentially
here, a fast friend to your plan and his dear country.
" I wish you joy of the long wished for, long prayed for re-
peal, and am, my dear Mr. Wheelock,
" Yours, etc., in our glorious Head,
"GEORGE WHITEFIELD."
We are now introduced to Mr. Wheelock's most valuable
coadjutor, the son of Mark Hunking Wentworth, another
active and earnest friend :
"BRISTOL, [ENGLAND,] 16th Dec., 1766.
" The Rev. Mr. Whitaker having requested my testimony
of an institution forming in America, under the name of an
INDIAN SCHOOL, for which purpose many persons on that con-
tinent and in Europe have liberally contributed, and he is
now soliciting the further aid of all denominations of people
in this kingdom to complete the proposed plan, I do there-
1 Mr. John Smith, of Boston.
28 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
fore certify, whomsoever it may concern, that the said INDIAN
SCHOOL appears to me to be formed upon principles of ex-
tensive benevolence and unfeigned piety ; that the moneys
already collected have been justly applied to this and no
other use. From repeated information of many principal gen-
tlemen in America, and from my own particular knowledge
of local circumstances, I am well convinced that the char-
itable contributions afforded to this design will be honestly
and successfully applied to civilize and recover the savages of
America from their present barbarous paganism.
"J. WENTWORTH,
" Governor of New Hampshire."
The annals of philanthropy unfold few things bolder or more
romantic in conception, or grander in execution, or sublimer
in results than this most memorable, most successful pilgrim-
age. The unique, but magnetic, marvelous eloquence of this
regenerated son of the forest, as he passed from town to town,
and city to city, over England and Scotland, engaged the at-
tention and opened the hearts of all classes the clergy, the
nobility, and the peasantry. The names of the men and
women and children, who gave of their abundance or their
poverty, primarily and apparently to civilize and evangelize
their wild and savage brethren across the sea, but ultimately
and really to found one of the most solid and beautiful temples
of Christian and secular learning, in the Western hemisphere,
deserve affectionate and perpetual remembrance, along with
those of their kindred, who in a preceding century dedicated
their whole treasure upon Plymouth Rock.
With sincere regret that we have not the name of every
donor, yet with devout gratitude for the preservation of so full
a record, we append the original list of donors in England, as
prepared and published at the time, by Lord Dartmouth and
his associates. 1
Never was more timely aid given to a worthy cause. When
Mr. Wheelock's agents went abroad he had a school of about
thirty, and an empty treasury. These funds gave him present
comfort, and enabled him to effect the long-desired removal.
1 See Appendix.
CHAPTER V.
SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON. EXPLORATIONS FOR A LOCATION.
ADVICE OF ENGLISH TRUSTEES.
ME. WHEELOCK was in friendly correspondence, for several
years, with Sir William Johnson, the distinguished Indian
agent and superintendent, who resided in the province of
New York, near the Six Nations. Through his agency, the
famous Mohawk, Joseph Brant, was sent to Mr. Wheelock's
school. After enjoying some opportunities for an estimate
of his abilities and character, Mr. Wheelock speaks of him in
highly complimentary terms, as a gentleman, " whose under-
standing and influence in Indian affairs, is, I suppose, greater
than any other man's, and to whose indefatigable and suc-
cessful labors to settle and secure a peace with the several
tribes, who have been at war with us, our land and nation
are under God chiefly indebted."
In September, 1762, Mr. Wheelock writes to Sir William :
" I understand that some of our people are about to settle on
a new purchase on Susquehannah river. It may be a door
may open for my design on that purchase." He also inti-
mates that he desires to set up the school in his neighbor-
hood. This plan does not meet Sir William's approval, but
in January, 1763, Mr. Wheelock addresses him again, saying:
" Gov. Wentworth has offered a tract of land in the western
part of the province of New Hampshire which he is now set-
tling, for the use of the school if we will fix it there, and
there has been some talk of fixing it in one of the new town-
ships in the province of the Massachusetts which lie upon New
York line near Albany. I much want to consult your Honor
in the affair." Mr. Wheelock's confidence in his friend hav-
ing been strengthened by the receipt of several cordial letters,
30 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
and other circumstances, he writes to him, July 4, 1766 : " I
apprehend you are able above any man in this land to serve
the grand design in view," desiring to " act in every step "
agreeable to his mind, and informing him that he has sent his
son, with Dr. Pomeroy, to confer with him about a location
for the school. He also refers to " arguments offered to carry
it into the Southern governments." But Mr. Johnson did not
see fit to invite the settlement of the school in the neighbor-
hood of the Six Nations, deeming it unwise, apparently, to
encourage a movement which might be regarded by them as
an invasion of their territory, especially if they were asked
to give lands to the school. This decision virtually deter-
mined the location. If Mr. Wheelock could not follow his old
neighbors and friends to the westward, and plant himself be-
side the great Indian Confederacy, he must turn his attention
to the northward, where other neighbors and friends were set-
tling within easy reach of the far-extended Indian tribes of
Canada. Other localities, as we shall see hereafter, presented
some inducements, but they were all of minor importance.
Hence, when his agents returned from Great Britain placing
the long-desired funds for the accomplishment of his purposes
in his hands, we may well imagine that Mr. Wheelock gladly
turned toward that worthy magistrate, who had already
shown u a willing heart," for more aid.
In the meantime, Mr. Wheelock was giving the matter of
a location his most earnest and careful attention. In. a letter
to Mr. Whitefield, dated September 4, 1766, he says : " We
cannot get land enough on Hudson river." Nor has he any
more hope of success on the Mohawk. " Large offers have
been made in the new settlements on Connecticut river. It
is likely that near twenty thousand acres would be given in
their several towns." After stating that " Col. Willard " has
made generous offers of lands, " on Sugar river," he says :
" that location would be the most inviting of any part of that
country. Samuel Stevens, Esq., offers two thousand acres to
have it at No. 4. Col. Chandler offers two thousand acres in
the centre of the town of Chester, opposite to No. 4, nine
miles from the River. The situation of Wyoming, on Sus-
quehannah river, is very convenient." : A few months later,
1 See Appendix.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 31
General Schuyler earnestly advocated the claims of Albany as
a favorable location.
But Mr. Wheelock's friends were very unwilling that he
should leave Connecticut. Windham and Hebron 1 made
earnest efforts to obtain the school. We quote from Lebanon
parish records :
" At a legal and full meeting of the Inhabitants, legal
voters of the second society in Lebanon [now Columbia], in
Connecticut, held in said society on the 29th day of June,
Anno Domini 1767, We made choice of Mr. James Pinneo
to be moderator of said meeting, and passed the following
votes, nemine contradicente :
" 1. That we desire the Indian Charity School now under
the care of the Rev. Mr. Eleazar Wheelock, may be fixed to
continue in this society : provided it may consist with the
interest and prosperity of said School.
" 2. That as we have a large and convenient house for pub-
lic and divine Worship, we will accommodate the members
of said school with such convenient seats in said house as we
shall be able.
" 3. That the following letter be presented to the Rev. Mr.
Eleazar Wheelock, by Messrs. Israel Woodward, James Pin-
neo, and Asahel Clark, Jun., in the name and behalf of this
society ; and that they desire him to transmit a copy of the
same, with the votes foregoing, to the Right Honorable the
Earl of Dartmouth, and the rest of those Honorable and
Worthy Gentlemen in England who have condescended to
patronize said school ; and to whom the establishment of the
same is committed.
" THE INHABITANTS OF THE SECOND SOCIETY IN LEBANON IN CONNECTICUT
TO THE REV. MR. ELEAZAR WHEELOCK, PASTOR OF SAID SOCIETY.
" Rev. and ever dear Pastor, As you are witness to our
past care and concern for the success of your most pious and
charitable undertaking in favor of the poor perishing Indians
on this continent, we are confident you will not be displeased
at our addressing you on this occasion ; but that you would
rather think it strange if we should altogether hold our peace
1 See Appendix.
82 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
at such a time as this ; when we understand it is still in doubt
both with yourself and friends where to fix your school ;
whether at Albany or more remote among the Indian tribes,
in this society where it was first planted, or in some other
part of this colony proposed for its accommodation.
u We have some of us heard most of the arguments offered
for its removal, and however plausible they appear we are not
at all convinced of their force, or that it is expedient, every-
thing considered, it should be removed, nor do we think we
have great reason to fear the event, only we would not be
wanting as to our duty in giving such hints in favor of its
continuance here as naturally and easily occur to our minds,
for we have that confidence in you and the friends of the de-
sign, that you will not be easily carried away with appear-
ances : but will critically observe the secret springs of those
generous offers, made in one place and another, (some of
which are beyond what we can pretend to,) whether some
prospect of private emolument be not at the bottom; or
whether they will finally prove more kind to your pious insti-
tution as such considered, (whatever their pretenses may be,)
than they have been or at present appear to be to the Re-
deemer's Kingdom in general. We trust this institution, so
well calculated to the advancement of its interest, will flourish
best among the Redeemer's friends ; and although with re-
spect to ourselves we have little to boast as to friendship to
our divine Redeemer or his interest, yet this we are sure of,
that he has been very kind to us, in times past, and we trust
has made you the instrument of much good to us, and to lay
a foundation for it to succeeding generations; we humbly
hope God has been preparing an habitation for himself here,
and has said of it, this is my resting place, here will I dwell
forever, (not because they deserved it,) but because I have de-
sired it, and where God is pleased to dwell, under his influence
your institution (which we trust is of Him) may expect to live
and thrive. We desire it may be considered that this is its
birth place, here it was kindly received, and nourished when
no other door was set open to it here it found friends when
almost friendless, yea when despised and contemned abroad
its friends are now increased here as well as elsewhere, and
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 33
although by reason of our poverty and the hardness of the
times, our subscriptions afe small compared with what some
others may boast, being at present but about <810 lawful
money, yet there are here some other privileges which we
think very valuable and serviceable to the design, viz. 400
acres of very fertile and good land, about forty acres of which
are under improvement, and the remainder well set with
choice timber and fuel, and is suitably proportioned for the
various branches of Husbandry which will much accommodate
the design as said land is situated within about half a mile of
our Meeting House, and may be purchased for fifty shillings
lawful money per acre. There is also several other small par-
cels of land suitably situate for building places for the use of
the school to be sold at a reasonable rate. We have also a
beautiful building place for said school within a few rods of
said meeting house, adjacent to which is a large and pleasant
Green : and we are confident that wood, provisions, and cloth-
ing, etc., which will be necessary for the school, may be had
here not only now, but in future years, at as low a rate as in
any place in the colony, or in any other place where it has
been proposed to settle your school. These privileges, we
think, are valuable and worthy your consideration, and also of
those honourable and worthy gentlemen in England to whom
you have committed the decision of the affair, and from the
friendly disposition which has so many years past and does
still reign in our breasts towards it, we think it may be pre-
sumed we shall from time to time be ready to minister to its
support as occasion shall require and our circumstances permit.
We take the liberty further to observe that such has hitherto
been the peace and good order (greatly through your instru-
mentality), obtaining among us that the members of your
school have all along been as free from temptations to any
vicious courses or danger of fatal error as perhaps might be
expected they would be on any spot of this universally pol-
luted globe.
" Here, dear sir, your school has flourished remarkably. It
has grown apace ; from, small beginnings how very consider-
able has it become ; an evidence that the soil and climate suit
the institution if you transplant it you run a risk of stinting
3
34 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
its growth, perhaps of destroying its very life, or at least of
changing its nature and missing the pious aim you have all
along had in view ; a danger which scarce needs to be hinted,
as you are sensible it has been the common fate of institutions
of this kind that charitable donations have been misapplied
and perverted to serve purposes very far from or contrary to
those the pious donors had in view ; such is the subtilty of the
old serpent that he will turn all our weapons against ourselves
if possible. Aware of this, you have all along appeared to
decline and even detest all such alliances and proposals as were
calculated for, or seemed to promise any private emolument to
your self or your friends. This, we trust, is still your prevail-
ing temper, and rejoice to hear that your friends and those
who are intrusted with the affair in England are exactly in
the same sentiments, happy presage not only of the contin-
uance of the institution itself but we hope of its immutability
as to place. One thing more we beg leave to mention (not
to tire your patience with the many that occur), viz. if
you remove the school from us, you, at the same time, take
away our Minister, the light of our eyes and joy of our hearts,
under whose ministrations we have sat with great delight ;
whose labors have been so acceptable, and we trust profitable,
for a long time ; must, then, our dear and worthy Pastor and
his pious institution go from us together ? Alas, shall we be
deprived of both in one day ? We are sensible that we have
abused such privileges and have forfeited them ; and at God's
bar we plead guilty we pray Him to give us repentance and
reformation, and to lengthen out our happy state ; we own
the justice of God in so heavy losses, if they must be inflicted ;
and even in the removal of our Candlestick out of its place,
but we can't bear the thought that you our Dear Pastor and
the dear friends to your pious institution should become the
executioners of such a vengeance. However, we leave the
matter with you, and are with much duty and filial regard,
dear sir, Your very humble servants or rather obedient chil-
dren.
u By order of said Society, ISEAEL WOODWARD,
JAMES PINNEO,
ASAHEL CLARK, JR."
"June 29. 1767."
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 35
Tliis interesting document bears the same date with Mr.
Wheelock's Doctorate in Divinity, from the University of
Edinburgh.
Dr. Wheelock, appreciating the importance of a better
knowledge of the comparative advantages of the various pro-
posed locations, finally determined to commission trustworthy
agents, to make thorough explorations. We give his lan-
guage, in substance :
" LEBANON, CONNECTICUT, July 20, 1768.
" .Whereas the number in my Indian Charity School is now,
by the blessing of God, become so large as that it is necessary
the place where to fix it should be speedily determined, and
so many and generous have been the offers made for that pur-
pose by gentlemen of character and distinction in several
neighboring governments, I do, therefore, hereby authorize
and appoint the Rev. Mr. Ebenezer Cleaveland, of Gloucester,
in the province of the Massachusetts Bay, and my son, Ralph
Wheelock (while the Rev. Dr. Whitaker is performing the
like part in Pennsylvania) in my name and stead, to wait
upon his Excellency John Went worth, Esq., Governor of
New Hampshire, and his associates in office, to know what
countenance and encouragement they will give to accommo-
date and endow said school, in case it should be fixed in the
western part of that province."
Deep interest in Dr. Wheelock's work being manifested by
Rev. Thomas Allen and others, at Pittsfield ; Timothy Wood-
bridge and others, at Stockbridge; 1 and Abraham J. Lansing,
the founder of Lansingburg, 2 and many others in that Prov-
ince, they were also instructed to extend their explorations
to Western Massachusetts and to New York.
The following is the material portion of Mr. Cleaveland's
report :
" 1 waited upon his Excellency John Wentworth, Esq.,
Governor of New Hampshire. He appeared very friendly to
the design promised to grant a township, six miles square,
to the use of the school, provided it should be fixed in that
1 See Appendix. 2 See Appendix.
86 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Province, and that he would use his influence that his Majesty
should give the quit-rents to the school, to be free from charge
of fees except for surveying. Esquire Whiting, the Deputy
Surveyor, being present, offered his assistance to look out the
township and survey it, and give the service to the school.
His Excellency the Governor recommended him to me for that
purpose (since which, we found Landaff, a good township, to
have forfeited the charter, of which we advised the Governor,
and were informed [that] he promised to reserve it for the
school). After spending a few days on our way with gentle-
men of the lower towns, who appeared universally desirous
that the school should come into that Province, and were
generous in their offers to encourage the same, but proposed
their donations, generally, where their interests in land lay
we proceeded to Plymouth, Romney, and Compton, where
Mr. Whiting left me. Five thousand acres of land were pro-
posed to be given, on condition the school be fixed in either qf
these towns. Seventy-five pounds sterling and twenty thou-
sand feet of boards (besides land) are offered on condition it
should be fixed in Compton. The arguments used for fixing
the school here are 't is the centre of that province ; good
and easy portage by land and water to Portsmouth and New-
bury ; but twenty-seven miles further than Connecticut river
from the Indians.
u From thence I travelled to Cohos, on Connecticut river ;
the inhabitants of that new country were universally much
engaged to have the school fixed there, both from a respect to
Dr. Wheelock's person and a regard to the general design ; it
would be too lengthy to mention the particular offers that were
generously made. Besides what has been already mentioned,
upwards of sixteen 'thousand acres are already subscribed,
chiefly by gentlemen of the most noted and public characters
in the Province of New Hampshire ; and more is subscrib-
ing to have it fixed in the country of Cohos. Besides which,
large subscriptions have been made and are still making which
centre in particular towns, the principal of which and those
where I was advised, and thought proper to take the most par-
ticular view, were Haverhill and Orford. These places are
about equally distant from Portsmouth, ninety -two miles,
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 37
thirty of which is good water carriage, the rest may be made
a good wagon road. In this new country there are more than
two hundre'd towns chartered, settled, and about to settle, and'
generally of a religious people, which do, and soon will, want
ministers ; and they have no college or public seminary of
learning for that purpose in that Province, which want they
apprehend may be supplied by this school without any disad-
vantage to, or interfering in the least, with the general design
of it. These places are situate about forty miles nearer to
the Six Nations than the place where the school now is ; they
are about one hundred miles from Mount Royal and about
sixty from Crown Point ; and, perhaps, about sixty from the
Indians at St. Francis, to whom there is water portage by
Connecticut and St. Francis Rivers, except a mile or two ;
there is also water carriage from hence by the Lakes and St.
Lawrence River, etc., by the Six Nations and the tribes many
hundred miles west, except very small land carriages. Pop-
ulation in this new country is very rapid, and will doubtless
be much more so if the Doctor should remove there with his
school, and their lands will soon bear a great price. From
hence I went with Mr. John Wright (whom the Doctor sent
to accompany me in my further inquiry) to Hatfield, in the
Province of. the Massachusetts; and found gentlemen there
universally desirous to have the school fixed in Berkshire
County in the western part of that Province."
This region was visited by them, as well as New York.
During the autumn of 1768, by commission of Dr. Wheelock,
Mr. Cleaveland, in company with Mr. Allen Mather, also at-
tended a large " Congress " of several Indian tribes, at Fort
Stanwix. In his report, after referring to friendly conference
with other chiefs, he says : u I also saw one from Caghnawaga
near Montreal, who desired to know if he could get his son
into Dr. Wheelock's school, and manifested a great desire to
send him. I told him there was talk of the school's going to
Cohos. He said if it should be fixed there, he believed that
many of that tribe would send their children to it." * This
Canadian chief's statement was considered, most carefully,
by Dr. Wheelock. The proper documents were forwarded
1 See Appendix.
38 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
with the least practicable delay to the English Trustees, and
elicited the following response :
" LONDON, 3d April, 1769.
44 REVEREND SIR : Last week we received your letters of
the 22d and 23d December, 1768, and 10th of January,
1769 ; and being convinced how necessary it is for the pros-
perity of your pious institution, as well as for the peace of
your own mind, that a place should be fixed upon for the
future establishment of your school as soon as possible, we
have . attentively considered the report of Mr. Ebenezer
Cleaveland, whom you employed to take a view of the sev-
eral spots proposed for that purpose, together with the other
papers which have now and heretofore been transmitted to us
relative to that matter ; and, upon weighing the several gen-
erous offers and proposals that have been made to you by
gentlemen of different governments for the benevolent pur-
pose of promoting the important design of your institution,
and the reasons that have been offered or have occurred to us
in support of each, we are unanimously of opinion that the
most advantageous situation for carrying on the great pur-
poses of your school, will be in one of the townships belong-
ing to the District of Cowas, in the Government of New
Hampshire, agreeable to the proposal of Governor Went-
worth and the gentlemen who have generously expressed their
intention of contributing to that design ; but whether Haver-
hill or Orford may be the most eligible for this purpose, we
must leave to your judgment to 'determine. According to the
best information we can procure of the state of those towns,
we think you may possibly give the preference to the former,
especially if the farm which you mention as very convenient
for an immediate supply of provisions, can be procured upon
reasonable terms.
" We found our opinion, principally, upon this reason, that it
appears to us that Cowas is the most central of the situations
that have been proposed between the Indians of the Six Na-
tions, on the one hand, and those of St. Francis and of the
other tribes to the eastward, on the other ; and that it is not
inferior to any of the rest in other respects. For this reason,
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 39
we cannot but recommend to you to accept the offers of Gov-
ernor Wentworth and the Gentlemen in New Hampshire.
And we heartily pray that the same good Providence which
has so remarkably blessed your undertaking hitherto, may
continue to protect and prosper it in its farther progress, and
may prolong your life, that you may have the satisfaction to
see it fixed upon such a plan as may afford a reasonable hope
of answering all the good purposes you have in view.
" We are, Reverend Sir,
" Your most obedient servants,
DARTMOUTH,
S. S. SMYTHE,
SAMUEL ROFFEY,
JOHN THORNTON,
DANIEL WEST,
CHARLES HARDY,
SAMUEL SAVAGE,
Jos. ROB ARTS,
ROBERT KEEN."
" RECEIVED August 10, 1769."
CHAPTER VI.
A COLLEGE CHABTEE.
THE long-protracted efforts of Mr. Wheelock, 1 to provide
legal safeguards for donations in aid of his great work, now
demand careful attention.
The deed of Mr. Joshua More, conveying two acres of land
with buildings attached, was dated July 17, 1755, a short time
previous to his death. Mr. Wheelock now placed himself
in confidential relations with two eminent lawyers in New
York, William Smith, and his son William Smith, Jr., the
latter of whom, perhaps, may be said to have left his impress
upon the Constitution of the United States, through his dis-
tinguished pupil, Gouverneur Morris. The correspondence, at
first, seems to have been chiefly with Mr. Smith, Senior.
August 6, 1755, he writes to Mr. Wheelock : " The means for
the accomplishment of so charitable a design seem at present
very imperfect." He suggests, that there is " no incorpora-
tion " of Mr. Wheelock and the other gentlemen to whom Mr.
More conveyed the property ; that the deed contains " no
consideration ; " and that the estate is at most only " for
life." He advises Mr. Wheelock, at least, to procure a better
deed, which was afterwards executed by Mrs. More. The
death of Mr. Wheelock's most influential and valuable associ-
ate trustee, ex-President Williams, only a few days after the
conveyance by Mr. More, was a severe loss, and a temporary
embarrassment to his associates. But Mr. Wheelock deter-
mined to proceed in his efforts for an incorporation, relying
mainly upon the dictates of his own judgment for direction.
After the lapse of some five years, in February, 1760, he
1 It will be observed that the appropriate title, at the period under considera-
ation, is given to the founder of the college here as elsewhere in this work.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 41
gives the results to Mr. Smith, in language of which the fol-
lowing is the substance : " We sent home some years ago for
the royal favor of a Charter. Lord Halifax approved the
design, but [to save expense] advised, instead of a Charter,
the establishment of the school by a law of Connecticut Col-
ony, and promised that when sent there it should be ratified
in Council, which he supposed would be as sufficient as any
act there. Hereupon I attended our Assembly, in May, 1758,
with a memorial, the prayer of which was granted by the
House of Representatives ; the Governor and Council nega-
tived it, upon the ground that their action would not be valid,
if ratified in England, beyond this Colony, and that a corpora-
tion within a corporation might be troublesome, as Yale Col-
lege had sometimes been. I am since informed that the Earl
of Dartmouth has promised, if the matter shall be put into a
proper channel, to undertake and go through with it at his
own expense."
Thus it appears that Lord Dartmouth was desirous of aid-
ing Mr. Wheelock by his influence, and otherwise, long before
being asked by him for pecuniary aid. In explanation of the
governor's objections, it should be stated, that Mr. Wheelock
desired such an incorporation as would enable him to locate
his school in any of the American Colonies, and that there was
just at that period an earnest contest between the corporation
of Yale College, led by President Clap, and the Colonial
government, in regard to the control of that institution.
Nothing having been accomplished in the meantime, Mr.
Wheelock writes in July, 1763, to his friend, Dr. Erskine, as
follows : " Governor Fitch privately proposes my removing
my prayer for an incorporation from this government [Con-
necticut]. It is likely we shall delay it till we see the success
of our suit for the Royal favor." In September following, he
writes to his friend, Mr. De Berdt, in London, that he has
sent to him " materials, by General Lyman l and Colonel
Dyer," 2 to enable him to " make application for an incorpora-
tion." Unsuccessful as before in England, for reasons which
will become more apparent hereafter, in May, 1764, we find
1 The distinguished Gen. Phineas Lyman.
2 Hon. Eliphalet Dyer, of Windham.
42 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Mr. Wheelock petitioning the Connecticut Assembly " to in-
corporate " six gentlemen of the Colony, including George
Wyllis, of Hartford, and himself, as legal guardians of his
school. But he did not procure the long- desired incorporation.
In 1765, being about to send solicitors of charity 6n a larger
scale to England, Mr. Wheelock decided to make yet one
more effort there for an act of incorporation. A letter from
Mr. Smith, written evidently about this time, no date being
attached, contains advice to Mr. Wheelock in which we trace
one of the most prominent features of the Charter. He pro-
poses, in substance : " an application to the. King for a short
Charter incorporating, First, A sett of gentlemen in the Colo-
nies near Mr. Wheelock, who shall have all the power of a cor-
poration, as to managing estates, supplying vacancies, etc.
Second, Another sett in England and elsewhere in Europe,
who shall be correspondents of the first sett, and only have
the general power of securing donations to be transferred to
them."
Lord Dartmouth and the other gentlemen in England who
were constituted, by Mr. Wheelock, a Board of Trust for the
moneys collected in that country, by Messrs. Occom and
Whitaker, seem to have thought this private incorporation
amply sufficient for the security of these funds. In writing to
Mr. Keen, in November, 1767, Mr. (now Dr.) Wheelock al-
ludes to the fact that this gentleman had expressed an opinion
that his successor should be " in all respects accountable to the
present Trust." Although dissenting from this opinion, Dr.
Wheelock seems' to have been prudent and conciliatory in his
intercourse with his worthy benefactors, wisely deeming it an
object of primary importance to raise the requisite funds for
his operations.
Messrs. Occom and Whitaker having fulfilled their mission
abroad, and generous promises of aid having been made by
Governor Wentworth, we find Dr. Wheelock, in October,
1768, writing to him as follows : " As soon as the place to
fix the school shall have been determined to be in your Prov-
ince, I will appoint your Excellency, or the Governor for the
time being, to be a Trustee on this side the water till a legal
incorporation may be obtained." This shows that Dr.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 43
Wheelock was not averse to a judicious admixture of the
clerical and lay elements in the Board of Trust, although
the Trustees named in his will, the germ of the charter, were
clergymen.
The suggestion seems to have been most kindly received by
Governor Wentworth. Dr. Wheelock now determined to avail
himself of the aid of his firm and valuable friend, Rev. Dr.
Langdon, of Portsmouth. A letter from him to this gentle-
man is as follows :
" LEBANON, April 7, 1769.
"REVEREND AND DEAR SIR, Yours by Captain Gush-
man is safe arrived, and I have considered the contents. And
for several reasons I am of opinion that it will be best that
the Trustees be the same for the present, as I have already
appointed in my will, which I have made at the desire of the
Trust in England, whose names were,, with the will, some time
ago transmitted to them. The affair is very delicate, and as
such must be conducted, or it will disgust those worthy gen-
tlemen, and overset all. Their sentiments of an incorpora-
tion have been differing from mine. They have insisted that
I should conduct the whole affair without one, and that my
successor should be nominated and appointed by my will.
Experience, they think, has fully taught them that, by means
of an incorporation, such designs become jobs, and are soon
ruined thereby. , They choose to hold the moneys collected
there in their own hands for this purpose, and accordingly
have publicly declared their Trust of the same under their
hands and seals, and have disposed of it, as their wisdom di-
rected, for the benefit of the school. I have, therefore, after
much study and consultation in the affair, appointed two setts
of Trustees, namely, those in England who have voluntarily
condescended to make themselves so, to take care of whatever
concerns the object in view on that side the water ; and a sett
in this vicinity, to take care of and perform whatever shall
concern it on this side. I have appointed a successor, to take
care of the school, etc., only till he shall be approved and
confirmed by the concurrence of both setts of Trustees, or
till they all agree in another, nominated by either and ap-
proved by both, each sett to have power to supply vacancies
44 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
in their Trust, made by death or resignation, by the major
vote of the survivors ; something like this I conceive will be
most agreeable to the Right Honorable, Honorable, and gener-
ous benefactors who have accepted the Trust in England, and
I apprehend it will make the design popular and respectable.
" The Trustees here will hold and have the disposal of
lands given in America for this use ; and I apprehend it will
be proper for his Majesty's Governor of the Province for the
time being to be a Trustee, but at present I have not light
enough to determine a propriety in making his Majesty him-
self one on this side the water.
" I have several reasons, which appear to me weighty, for
having the body of the Trustees first incorporated in this vi-
cinity.
" 1. They will be at hand to conduct the affairs of the
school-, missionaries, schoolmasters, etc., till I can get settled
in the wilderness, which will be impracticable, if they are
at the distance of Portsmouth.
" 2. Several of the Trustees talk of removing with me to
settle in that vicinity ; and if so, they may for a time act as
a committee, till a sufficient number suitable for that Trust
shall be settled (as you will observe will be expedient) near
to the school.
" 3. Till this be done, my connections will likely be such as
will oblige me to make frequent visits to these parts, where we
may have a full meeting of the Board without any expense.
" 4. Gentlemen here have been so much concerned in Indian
affairs, that I suppose it not to be immodest to say ceteris
paribus, they are at present better qualified to act therein
than those who will have to encounter a thousand dangers and
difficulties before unthought of.
" 5. By having the body corporate here, I can claim a val-
uable subscription of <400 or X500 for the use and support
of the school, payable as soon as it becomes a body corporate,
besides a tenement in this place, given for the same purpose.
" If the school should once be settled in those parts, it is
likely population will proceed with much greater rapidity
than ever, and the whole will be soon effected.
" 1 design to consult some gentlemen of the law relative to
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 45
an incorporation, and get a rough draught made, with a view
to save time if the School should be fixed in your Province.
Please to discourse his Excellency of thoughts I have here
suggested, and transmit such remarks as he shall please to
make thereon. Please to commend my respects suitably to
him, and accept the same yourself from, reverend and dear
sir, Your Friend and Brother, etc.,
" ELEAZAE, WHEELOCK."
" Colonel Wyllis and Esquire Ledyard," of Hartford, were
among Dr. Wheelock's legal advisers in 1768, and probably
at this period.
June 7, 1769, we find Dr. Wheelock addressing Governor
Went worth as follows :
" 1 have been making some attempt to form a Charter, in
which some proper respect may be shown to those generous
benefactors in England who have condescended to patronize
this school, and I want to be informed whether you tliink it
consistent to make the Trust in England a distinct corpora-
tion, with power to hold real estate, etc., for the uses and pur-
poses of this school."
But the impress of Governor Wentworth does not appear
till a somewhat later period. August 22, 1769, Dr. Wheelock
informs him that he is about to present him a " rough
draught " of a Charter, for an " Academy," adding this some-
what significant postscript : " Sir, if you think proper to use
the word College instead of Academy in the Charter, I shall
be well pleased with it."
Dr. Wheelock's son-in-law, Mr. Alexander Phelps, and Rev.
Dr. Whitaker seem to have been the principal agents to con-
fer with Governor Wentworth in regard to the Charter.
October 18, 1769, he gives his views at length, in a letter
to Dr. Wheelock, advising some amendments. Proposing
some additions to the Board of Trust, he says : " The nomi-
nation of the Provincial officers I strongly recommend, though
I do not insist upon. It was indeed resolved on my side that
the Governor should be one " of the Board. " That I did not
mention any other than the Governor can by no means be pre-
clusive. Neither did I so intend it. The three Provincial
46 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
officers will be a natural defense, honor and security to the
institution."
The following letter indicates that Governor Wentworth
had eminent legal counsel :
" REV. SIB : I have had an opportunity of conferring with
Colonel Phelps on the affair of the College proposed to be
erected here. You '11 find some alterations in the scheme and
draft of the Charter ; they are supposed to be amendments,
and I think they, to say the least, will not be impediments.
I cannot stay to enumerate them ; the Charter will show them
and the Colonel will be able to explain the grounds and reasons
of them. I have spent some considerable time with the Gov-
ernor to form the plan in such a manner as will make it most
beneficial, and to prevail on him to make such concessions as
would suit the gentlemen with you. I am apt to think the
plan will be more serviceable as it now stands than as it was
before.
I shall be glad to serve the cause, and have persuaded
Colonel Phelps to communicate it before the finishing stroke,
though it will cost him another journey. I have only to add
that I am, with great esteem,
" Your most obedient humble servant,
" WILLIAM PARKER.
"PORTSMOUTH, October 28, 1769."
Six Connecticut clergymen, selected by Dr. Wheelock,
with one member of the Connecticut Colonial government,
GoVernor Wentworth, with three of his Council, and the
Speaker of the New Hampshire House of Representatives,
were constituted the first Board of Trust. This arrangement,
the result of friendly negotiation, appears to have been satis-
factory to both parties.
October 25, 1769, Dr. Wheelock writes to Governor Went-
worth, expressing much satisfaction with his " catholic views,"
and warm .friendship, as indicated by his letter of the 18th,
and says : " If your Excellency shall see fit in your wisdom
and goodness to complete the Charter desired, and it will be
the least satisfaction to you to christen the House to be built
after your own name, it will be exceedingly grateful to me,
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 47
and I believe to all concerned." He deems it important that
the public should understand, " that the benevolent charities
are not designed to be applied merely and exclusively to the
advancement of sectaries, with a fixed view to discourage the
Established Church of England." It should here be remarked
that three of the original Trustees of the College were .nomi-
nally Episcopalians, and the remaining nine were, most or all,
nominally Congregationalists, although some had Presbyterian
tendencies.
In writing to Lord Dartmouth, March 12, 1770, after re-
ferring to the " enclosed copy of incorporation," which was
dated December 13, 1769, President Wheelock says : " Gov-
ernor Wentworth thought best to reject that clause in my
draught of the Charter which gave the Honorable Trust in
England equal power with the Trustees here to nominate and
appoint the president, from time to time, apprehending it
would make the body too unwieldy, but he cheerfully consented
that I should express my gratitude and duty to your Lord-
ship, by christening after your name ; and as there seemed to
be danger of many embarrassments, in many ways, in the
present ruffled and distempered state of the kingdom, I thought
prudent to embrace the first opportunity to accomplish it."
The letter indicates that Dr. Wheelock determined what
should be the name of the institution without conferring with
his distinguished benefactor on that- point.
That the English Trustees were somewhat dissatisfied, tem-
porarily, with the measure of responsibility assumed by Dr.
Wheelock, there is no doubt. But nearly perfect harmony
was restored, by the prudence of that excellent diplomatist.
In writing to these gentlemen, June 20, 1771, he says : " I
am confident that, had you been upon the spot, you would
have approved every step I have taken, unless it was my at-
tempt to effect so great an affair as settling in this wilderness
in so short a time, which the event has fully justified, although
my trials have been very great." He also expresses the
opinion, that, if they will compare his plan proposed in his
former letters with his procedure since, they will find that he
has " invariably kept the same object in view." Later rec-
ords indicate that President Wheelock still numbered Lord
48 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Dartmouth and others of the English Board among his faith-
ful friends. Although not officially connected with the col-
lege, they evidently cherished an abiding interest in its wel-
fare.
The Charter, so remarkable in its history, is a valuable and
an enduring monument to the genius, skill, and learning of
its distinguished framers. 1 Like the Charters of Harvard and
Yale, it indicates that the clergy were regarded, generally, as
the best depositaries of educational trusts. In the former
case, the "teaching elders" of the "six next adjoining
towns " were ex-officio, " Overseers ; " in the latter, the orig-
inal Trustees were all clergymen. It may safely be asserted
that, of the large number of eminent gentlemen, who, as
Trustees, have administered the affairs of Dartmouth College,
none have been more eminent for their wisdom or fidelity
than the reverend clergy.
1 See Appendix.
^*/ ^<^/2r^LzZ^A
~tfc, nt-~+~^ <*- tJuZ
^ ^hf^C^i-^~^^A^i
^^
,
.
. \' ! V, (I
CHAPTER VII.
PRESIDENT WHEELOCK'S PERSONAL EXPLORATIONS IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE. LOCATION AT HANOVER.
IN his " Narrative " for 1771, President Wheelock tells the
story of Dartmouth's location in the Granite State so plainly
and satisfactorily, that we can do no better than to give his
own recapitulation and condensation of the leading facts.
u The smiles of heaven upon this school were such that it
appeared quite necessary to build to accommodate it ; and the
plan which I laid for this purpose was to secure a sufficient
tract of good land for the only use and benefit of the school,
and that the English charity scholars should be led to turn
their exercises for the relaxation of their minds from their
studies, and for the preservation of health, from such exercises
as have been frequently used by students for these purposes,
to such manual labor as might be subservient to the support
of the school, thereby effectually removing the deep preju-
dices, so universal in the minds of the Indians, against going
into the business of husbandry."
" The necessity of building, and also that I proposed to fix
it at any distance where the design might be best served by
it, became publicly known, whereupon great numbers in
Connecticut and in neighboring Provinces made generous
offers to invite the settlement of it in their respective places.
In which affair I employed proper agents to view the several
situations proposed, and hear the several arguments and
reasons that might be offered by the solicitors for it, and
make a faithful report of the same.
" The magistracy of the city of Albany offered an interest
estimated at .2,300 sterling, besides private donations, which
it was supposed would be large, to fix it in that city. Several
other generous offers were made to fix it in that vicinity.
His Excellency, Sir Francis Bernard, Governor of the Prov-
4
50 .DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
ince of the Massachusetts Bay, in company with two others,
offered 2,000 acres of good land* in a central town 1 in the
county of Berkshire in said Province. To which were added
several other donations, amounting in the whole to 2,800 acres
of land, and a subscription said to be about .800 sterling.
Also generous offers were made to it in Stockbridge and other
towns in that Province. Several generous offers were made
by particular towns and parishes in the Colony of Connecti-
cut, and particularly to continue it where it had its rise. But
the country being so filled up with inhabitants, it was not
practicable to get so large a tract of lands as was thought to
be most convenient and useful for it in those old settlements.
The Honorable Trust in England gave the preference to the
western part of the Province of New Hampshire, on Connecti-
cut river, as the site of the school."
Before this period he " began to be convinced by many
weighty reasons that a greater proportion of English youth
must be prepared for missionaries to take entirely the lead of
the affairs in the wilderness." He also was deeply impressed
with the want of ministers in a large number of towns, nearly
two hundred in all, just then newly settling in the Connecti-
cut valley. In view of all the circumstances, and especially
the fact that there was a disposition on the part of many
young men who had the ministry in view to seek preparation
for it elsewhere, than at Yale or Harvard, he felt it his duty
to adhere to his plan of extension.
" As neither the Honorable Trust in England nor the Char-
ter had fixed upon the particular town or spot on which the
buildings should be erected, wherefore to complete the matter,
as soon as the ways and streams would allow, I took the Rev.
Mr. Pomeroy, and Esq. [Samuel] Gilbert (a gentleman of
known ability for such a purpose) with me to examine thor-
oughly, and compare the several places proposed, within the
limits prescribed for fifty or sixty miles on or near said River ;
and to hear all the reasons and arguments that could be of-
fered in favor of each of them, in which service we faithfully
spent eight weeks. And in consequence of our report and
representation of facts, the Trustees unanimously agreed that
the southwesterly corner of Hanover adjoining upon Lebanon
i Pittsfield.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 51
was the place above any to fix it in ; and that for many rea-
sons, namely, it is most central on the River, and most con-
venient for transportation up and down the River ; as near as
any to the Indians ; convenient for communication with
Crown Point on Lake Champlain, and with Canada. The
situation is on a beautiful plain, the soil fertile and easy of
cultivation. The tract on which the college is fixed, lying
mostly in one body, and convenient for improvement, in the
towns of Hanover and Lebanon, contains upwards of 3,000
acres."
We quote from official records :
"PORTSMOUTH, NEW HAMPSHIRE. July 5, 1770.
" We, the subscribers nominated Trustees of Dartmouth
College, in the Charter of said college, and being duly quali-
fied as directed by said Charter, have taken into consideration
the places whereon said college might be situated ; and do
hereby certify that it is our advice, opinion and vote that said
Dartmouth College be situated and erected upon lands in the
township of Hanover upon Connecticut river. in the Province
aforesaid, provided the lands, moneys, and other aids subscribed
for the use of said Dartmouth* College, if placed in Hanover
aforesaid, be firmly and securely conveyed to the Trustees of
and for the use of said College. And also that the said town
of Hanover, and Lebanon, previously consent and petition to
the Legislature that a contiguous parish of at least three miles
square, in and adjoining to these aforesaid towns of Hanover
and Lebanon, be set off and incorporated into a separate and
distinct parish under the immediate jurisdiction of the afore-
said Dartmouth College.
44 In witness whereof we have hereunto signed this instru-
ment for placing buildings and establishing the said college
in Hanover aforesaid, upon the aforesaid conditions.
44 J. WENTWORTH.
44 THEODORE ATKINSON.
"ELEAZAII WHEELOCK.
44 GEORGE JAFFREY.
44 D. PIERCE.
44 P. OILMAN.
44 BENJ. POMEROY."
52 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
"HARTFORD, 17th July, 1770.
" We, the subscribers, being nominated Trustees of Dart-
mouth College, and being duly qualified according to the Char-
ter of such college, do hereby agree to the situation of said
college as determined by the Trustees as above signed ; pro-
vided (in addition to the conditions they have specified), that
Dr. Wheelock may be accommodated with a suitable farm, at
or near the college ; apprehending that his past labors and
expenses, and his present connection with said institution,
justly merit such consideration.
" WM. PITKIN,
" JAMES LOCKWOOD,
" TIMOTHY PITKIN,
" JOHN SMALLEY."
The " Coos " region now demands our more careful atten-
tion.
While southern New England was largely occupied by
emigrants from the Mother Country, and their descendants,
in the seventeenth century, much of its northern portions,
and especially the rich valley of the upper Connecticut, was
still covered with the virgin forests. As early as 1752, Theo-
dore Atkinson (whose name will become more familiar to us)
and others in Eastern New Hampshire, had formed a plan for
acquiring and colonizing the best portion of this unoccupied,
but fertile and inviting, basin. But the proud and lordly In-
dian disputed their right to invade this ancient and charming
hunting-ground, whose meadows almost spontaneously pro-
duced the choicest corn, and they desisted from their pur-
pose.
The immediate occasion of the settlement of this part of
the Connecticut valley was the French war. In the progress
of that war, the New England troops had cut a road from the
older settlements in the south part of the Province through
Charlestown, then called No. 4, to Crown Point. The soldiers
in passing through this valley became acquainted with its fer-
tility and value.
The soil of Eastern Connecticut being exhausted in some
measure, her hardy and enterprising yeomanry now gladly
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 53
turned toward a region where honest industry would find a
surer and better reward. Many of them knew the value of
religion by a vital experience, and all knew the value of sound
learning by experience or close observation.
The leading founders of Hanover were of the highly re-
spectable Freeman family, of Mansfield, Conn. The early
history of this family in America connects it with the Brad-
ford and Prince families. The pioneer settler at Hanover
was Edmund Freeman. Of this worthy and enterprising
man, sincere Christian, earnest patriot, and valuable coad-
jutor of President Wheelock, it is said : " Of distinguished
uprightness and integrity, he commanded universal respect
and esteem." Hon. Jonathan Freeman was his brother.
Another family to whom Hanover is largely indebted for
its solid foundations bears the no less distinguished name of
Storrs, also of Mansfield, the old ancestral home of all, or
nearly all, of that name, who in various ways have been con-
spicuous in giving " strength and beauty " to American insti-
tutions. Of Joseph Storrs, an early donor to Dartmouth, it
is said : " He was the younger son of Samuel Storrs the second,
and grandson of Samuel Storrs the elder, from whom all of
the name in America are descended, excepting one family
near Richmond, Va. He was a member of the first board of
selectmen of the town of Hanover."
The town contained about twenty families at the period of
which we are writing. The relations of some other early set-
tlers with President Wheelock deserve equally careful notice.
John Wright, from Lebanon, Conn., was a man of marked
ability and decided religious character. He was deeply in-
terested in the new college, and as pioneer explorer and artisan
rendered its founder invaluable aid. His name also heads the
list of the Hanover donors of lands.
David Woodward, formerly a parishioner of President Whee-
lock, and afterward widely known for 'his strong mind, his
public spirit, and patriotism, also cooperated earnestly with
him while he was laying foundations. His house appears to
have furnished the venerable president his first headquarters,
while planning future operations.
Nathaniel Wright, from Coventry, Conn., was a relation of
54 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
John Wright. His descendants have honored the college, as
some of them still honor the memory of an ancestor, whose
name is inseparably and prominently connected with the civil
and religious history of the town. His heart and hand were
with President Wheelock, and his log cabin was a welcome
resting-place.
James Murch, one of the more enterprising among the early
settlers, was also from Connecticut, where he had formed some
acquaintance with President Wheelock and his plans. Upon
him it seems to have devolved, in some measure at least, to
set forth in homely but vigorous language the leading attrac-
tions of this locality.
Reverting to the " Narrative," we give President Wheelock's
own graphic account of labor and privation, which, in view of
all the circumstances, has few parallels in history :
" After I had finished this tour [of exploration] and made
a short stay at home, to settle some affairs, I returned again
into the wilderness, to make provision for the removal and
settlement of my family and school there before winter. I
arrived in August [1770], and found matters in such a situa-
tion as at once convinced me of the necessity of being myself
upon the spot. And as there was no house conveniently near,
I made a hutt of logs about eighteen feet square, without stone,
brick, glass, or nail, and with thirty, forty, and sometimes
fifty laborers appointed to their respective departments, I
betook myself to a campaign. I set some to build a house
for myself and family, of forty by thirty-two feet, and one
story high, and others to build a house for my students of
eighty by thirty-two, and two stories high."
His family and about twenty or thirty students arriving be-
fore the completion of his house, difficulty in locating having
arisen, he says : " I housed my stuff with my wife and the
females of my family in my hutt. My sons and students made
booths and beds of hemlock boughs, and in this situation we
continued about a month, till the 29th day of October, when
I removed with my family to my house."
A few last words to one who for a long period had regarded
his work with more than fraternal interest, and himself with
more than fraternal affection, fitly portray the state of Presi-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 55
dent Wheelock's mind and heart in those days of toil and trial
and hope :
" FROM MY HUTT IN HANOVER WOODS IN THE PROVINCE OF
NEW HAMPSHIRE, August 27, 1770.
" MY DEAR SIR : I long to see you and spend one day
with you on the affairs of the Redeemer's kingdom. It would
be vain to attempt to tell you of the many and great affairs I
am at present involved in, in all which I have had much of the
loving-kindness, faithfulness, and goodness of God. I am this
day sending for my family and expect the house will be made
comfortable for their reception by the time they arrive. My
prospects are, by the goodness of God, vastly "encouraging. A
series of merciful occurrences has persuaded me that God de-
signs great good to his church among English as well as In-
dians by this institution. I was informed at Boston, in my
late journey, that the Commissioners have plenty of their
constituents' money which lies useless for want of missiona-
ries, and for many weighty reasons I have thought that the
Redeemer's cause might be much served by Mr. Kirtland's l
going to their pay. This was an important point I wished tp
consult you in. Likely your own thoughts may suggest some
reasons and such as you shall think sufficient without my dis-
closing many that are not public. If you think favorably of
it, please to propose it to them, as you will likely have an
opportunity for before you leave the continent. I have a
number fitted and fitting for missions more than the fund
already collected will support, and if that may be saved, and
at the same time uniformity and good agreement between the
Boards is promoted, it will be well. I wrote you from Ded-
ham on my late journey from Boston. I rejoice to hear that
your bow yet abides in strength ; that God has once more
made you useful in America. I am chained here ; there is no
probability that the buildings will be seasonably and well ac-
complished if I should leave them. I don't expect to see you
till we meet in the general convention on the other shore.
Please to favor me with a line, and your thoughts on the
question proposed. You may send from Boston by the North-
1 The modern orthography is Kirkland.
56 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
field post, directed to me at Hanover in this Province. Oh,
how glad should I be to see you in this wilderness !
" My dear sir, farewell.
" I am yours in the dear Jesus.
" ELEAZAR WHEELOCK.
" EEV. GEORGE WHITEFIELD."
There appears to have been no subsequent meeting, on
earth, of these eminent coadjutors in all good works. The
one was called to his reward above, just as the other was be-
ginning to enjoy the fruition of his labors on earth. Few
names deserve more honor, in connection with the founding
of Dartmouth College, than that of
GEORGE
1 Many things, which cannot be specified, illustrating the history of this period
and others, are necessarily placed in the Appendix.
O
O
<-> -s
^ e
1
"
CHAPTER VIII.
COMMENCEMENT OF OPEEATIONS. COURSE OF STUDY.
POLICY OF ADMINISTRATION.
INSTRUCTION at Dartmouth appears to have commenced in
December following the removal, with four classes in attend-
ance.
In writing to Dr. Erskine, December 7, 1770, President
Wheelock says : " I am now removed into the wilderness with
my family, and about thirty students, English and Indians,
who are all designed for the Indian service." After referring
to the erection of a house for his family, and " another " for
his students, he says : " I have also built a school-house,
which is convenient. My nearest neighbor in the town is two
and one half miles from me. I can see nothing but the lofty
pines about me. My family and students are in good health,
and well pleased with a solitude so favorable to their studies."
In President Wheelock's account-book, David Huntington,
Thomas Kendall, Ebenezer Gurley, Augustine Hibbard, James
Dean, and Joseph Grover, are charged with tuition from vari-
ous dates, ranging from December 7th to December 14th.
The rate is Is. 4-d. per week, " deducting abscences." In
Connecticut, the tuition, for classical instruction in the school,
had been Is. Qd. per week.
The following, from President Wheelock to a distant cor-
respondent, indicates sufficient patronage of the new institu-
tion :
" HANOVER, December 3, 1770.
" DEAR SIR, Your son, with companion, are safely ar-
rived. I 've sent back part of my students to Connecticut.
I 've just got studies fitted, and made provision for the sup-
port of the rest of them. The great difficulty in taking your
58 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
son is the want of provisions in this starved country. I send
to Northfield and Montague for my bread, and expect supply
chiefly from thence."
The facilities for acquiring classical and scientific education
appear to have been substantially the same at Dartmouth, at
the outset, as in other American colleges of that period.
The discoveries of Newton and Franklin had a marked, if
not controlling, influence upon the thought of the eighteenth
century.
No American college, perhaps, felt this influence more
than President Wheelock's Alma Mater, in which Franklin
took a deep interest.
At the period of the founding of Dartmouth, we find that,
in Yale College, "the Faculty consisted of Dr. Daggett, who
was President, and Professor of Divinity ; Rev. Nehemiah
Strong, Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy,
and two or three tutors.
President Wheelock doubtless had his Alma Mater espe-
cially in mind, in planning the curriculum of Dartmouth.
He was himself Professor of Divinity, as well as President.
His first associate in instruction, who acted in the capacity of
tutor, was Mr. Bezaleel Woodward, who had graduated at
Yale College in 1764, during the presidency of Rev. Thomas
Clap, of whom his associate in the Faculty, the future Presi-
dent Stiles, says : " In Mathematics and Natural Philosophy
I have reason to think he was not equaled by more than one
man in America." The fact that Mr. Woodward was subse-
quently, for many years, a highly esteemed professor of
Mathematics in the college, indicates that he was a worthy
pupil of his distinguished teacher.
There can be no doubt that the college was highly favored,
in its beginnings, in having a president who had been, while
at college, distinguished as a classical scholar, and in later
life as an able and a learned divine, aided by a younger
teacher, whose scientific attainments well qualified him for the
duties of his position.
The first preceptor of the Charity School, at Hanover, was
David McClure, who had recently graduated at Yale College.
He was an able and a successful teacher. The various rela-
DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 59
tions of the school and college were so intimate at this period,
that it is nearly impossible to dissociate them. The word
" school," as used by President Wheelock, frequently includes
the college.
Three of Dartmouth's first class were prepared for college
at the "Indian Charity School" in Lebanon, and passed their
first three years at Yale.
The following letter from an eminent teacher, referred to in
a previous chapter, addressed to President Wheelock, intro-
duces their only new classmate :
" LEBANON, August 10, 1770.
" REV. Sm : The bearer, Samuel Gray, entered my school
about two years ago, and in that time has been about four
months absent. He was well fitted for college when he was
first under my care, and having applied himself with proper
diligence to his studies, and being favored with a genius some-
what better than common, has made a progress in his learning
answerable to his industry. He will be found upon exam-
ination to be pretty well acquainted with Virgil, Tully, and
Horace. He is likewise able to construe any part of the Greek
Testament. He parses and makes Latin rather better than
common. He has been through the twelve first books of
Homer, but, as 't is more than a year since he recited that
author, am afraid he has lost the greater part of what he then
understood pretty well. In Arithmetic, vulgar and decimal,
he is well versed. I have likewise taught him Trigonometry,
Altimetry, Longimetry, Navigation, Surveying, Dialing, and
Gauging. He has been through Martin's 4 Philosophical Gram-
mar ' twice, the greater part of which he understands very
well. He has lik'ewise studied Whiston's c Astronomy,' all
except the calculations, which he doth not understand. He
is likewise pretty well acquainted with Geography and the use
of the globes. He went through Watts' fc Logic ' last winter,
but having no taste for that s;udy, or rather an aversion to
it, he is not so well skilled in that as in some other parts of
learning. About a year ago he went through so much of
rhetoric as is contained in the 4 Preceptor,' but suppose he
has forgot the most of it. Upon the whole, though he may
60 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
not, perhaps, be so well versed in some parts of learning as
the class which he proposes to enter, yet if he applies himself
to his studies with proper diligence, he will be rather an honor
than a disgrace to any college where he shall be graduated. I
ought in justice to him to add, that he is an orderly, well-
behaved youth, and has conducted so well in my school ever
since he has been with me that I have never had the least
difference with him on any account whatever.
" I am, reverend sir, with much esteem,
" Your most humble servant,
" NATHAN TISDALE.
" P. S. I have another pupil whom I shall offer for admis-
sion into your college at the end of the vacancy [vacation] ,
if I can fit him by that time."
A portion of a letter from a somewhat distinguished clergy-
man and teacher, Rev. Simeon Williams, of Windham, N. H.,
introducing several prominent members of the class of 1774,
is worthy of notice here, although written in 1772. In con-
nection with the reply, it throws additional light upon the
first prescribed course of study at Dartmouth. After expres-
sions indicating confidence that President Wheelock will at-
tend, faithfully, to the welfare of the young men, the language
is as follows :
"When they first came to my school they had read enough
of Virgil and the lower Latin classics, together with a suffi-
cient knowledge of the Greek Testament, to enable them to
pass into any of the colleges as Freshmen. But when their
fathers informed me that they intended their residence only
for two years, and that they expected, if they were under my
care, I would qualify them in all the parts of the Freshman and
Sophomore years, so as they might with honor and ability en-
ter the Junior class, with mature deliberation, I undertook the
arduous task. The first year I confined their studies to Vir-
gil, Cicero's ' Orations,' together with their improvement in
Geography, Rhetoric, and occasional declamations, etc. This
second year they have been reading Homer and Horace, Cicero
de Oratore, and a part of Xenophon. I have also carefully
instructed them in all the four parts of Logic from Doctor Fin-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 61
lay's ' Latin Compend,' expounding the same by familiar lec-
tures, for the most part extracted from Mr. Locke and Doctor
Watts. There is one kind of study which this last year they
have been much employed in, I mean double translation,
their improvement therein will appear to you by casting your
eye on their various manuscripts. I would observe to you that
I have not introduced them to the knowledge of mathematical
learning, knowing it is most usual in colleges to put them to
those studies in the Junior year."
In reply President Wheelock says : " We have examined
the youth you sent, and find them deficient in several parts
of learning which the [Junior] class have made some pro-
ficiency in, viz., Mathematics, Geography, and parsing Greek.
They have studied Tullie de Oratore, and Xenophon, and
some in Homer, more than that class have done. On the
whole I have concluded to take them into that class, only with
this condition, that they recite those things in which they are
deficient with the Sophomore class while their own class re-
cite other parts in which they exceed them." The studies of
the Senior year do not appear to have differed materially from
those of other colleges, of that period. Jonathan Edwards
was a favorite author in metaphysics and theology.
President Wheelock in his " Narrative," for 1771, gives the
following lucid statement of the policy and aims of the school
and college : " It is earnestly recommended to the students
both in college and school,
" 1. That all the English students in the college and school
treat the Indian children with care, tenderness and kindness,
as younger brethren, and as may be most conducive to the
great ends proposed.
" 2. That they turn the course of their diversions and exer-
cises for their health to the practice of some manual arts, or
cultivation of gardens, and other lands, at the proper hours of
leisure and intermission from study and vacancies in the col-
lege and school.
"3. That no English scholar, whether supported by charity
or otherwise, shall, at any time, speak diminutively of the
practice of labor, or by any means cast contempt upon it, or
by word or action endeavor to discredit or discourage the
62 DAETMOUTH COLLEGE.
same, on penalty of his being obliged, at the discretion of the
president or tutor, to perform the same or the equivalent to
that which he attempted to discredit ; or else (if he be not a
charity scholar) to hire the same done by others, or, in case
of refusal and obstinacy in this offense, that he be dismissed
from college, and denied all the privileges and honors of it.
" 4. That no scholar shall be employed in labor in the hours
of study, or so as to interrupt him in his studies, unless upon
special emergencies, and with liberty from the president or a
tutor.
" 5. That accounts be faithfully kept of all the labor so done
by them, either for the procuring provisions for the support of
the college and school, or that which shall be for real and last-
ing advantage to this institution ; and such accounts shall be
properly audited, and a record kept of the same for the bene-
fit of such scholars, if they should be called by the providence
of God to withdraw from their purpose of serving as mission-
aries in the wilderness, or to leave the service before they have
reasonably compensated the expense of their education.
" 6. That such as are not charity scholars, but pay for their
education, may have liberty to labor for the benefit of the in-
stitution at such times as are assigned to charity scholars, and
the just value of their labor be accounted towards the expense
of their support.
"7. That no Freshman shall be taken off, or prevented
labor, by any errand for an under-graduate, without liberty
obtained from the president or a tutor.
" N. B. Occasional errands and services for the college and
school are not designed to be accounted, nor their procuring
fuel for their fires, and things equivalent for their own and
their chamber's use in particular, nor anything which shall
not be of real or lasting benefit for the whole, unless in cases
where they are incapacitated for labor, and yet are able to
perform such errands for or in the room of those who can and
do labor in their stead.
44 Lastly. That this Indian Charity School, connected with
Dartmouth College, be constantly hereafter and forever called
and known by the name of ' Moor's School.'
44 Moreover poor youth, who shall seek an education here,
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 63
at their own expense, may not only have the advantage of
paying any part of that by turning their necessary diversions
to manual labor, but also, as all that will be paid by such as
support themselves will be disposed of for the support of the
Indian, or other charity scholars, therefore, whatever clothing
or provisions shall be necessary for the school will be good
pay at a reasonable price.
" His Excellency Governor Wentworth, among many other
expressions of his care and zeal to preserve the purity and se-
cure the well-being of this seminary against such evils as have
been the ruin of, or at least have a very threatening aspect
upon others which have come within his knowledge, has in-
sisted upon it as a condition of location, to which all the trus-
tees have cheerfully subscribed, that wherever it should be
fixed, there should be a society of at least three miles square,
which should be under the jurisdiction of the college, that
thereby unwholesome inhabitants may be prevented settling,
and all hurtful or dangerous connections with them, or practices
among them may be seasonably discovered and prevented in
a legal way. 1
" As this institution is primarily designed to christianize the
heathen, that is, to form the minds and manners of their
children to the rules of religion and virtue ; and to educate
pious youth of the English to bear the Redeemer's name
among them in the wilderness ; and secondarily to educate
meet persons for the sacred work of the ministry, in the
churches of Christ among the English ; so it is of the last and
very special importance, that all who shall be admitted here
in any capacity, and especially for an education, be of sober,
blameless and religious behavior, that neither Indian children
nor others may be in danger of infection by examples which
are not suitable for their imitation. And accordingly I think
it proper to let the world know there is no encouragement
given that such as are vain, idle, trifling, flesh-pleasing, or such
as are on any account vicious or immoral, will be admitted
here ; or, if such should by disguising themselves obtain ad-
1 The town of Hanover, at three different times within the next twenty-five years,
by their vote sanctioned this incorporation of the "College District." But the
plan was never favorably regarded, apparently, by the New Hampshire Legislature.
64 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
mittance, that they will not be allowed to continue members
after they are known to be such ; nor will it be well taken, if,
on any pretense whatever, any shall attempt to introduce or
impose any youth upon this seminary, whose character shall
be incongruous to, and militates against, the highest, chiefest,
and dearest interests of the first objects of it.
" And it is my purpose, by the grace of God, to leave nothing
undone, within my power, which is suitable to be done, that
this school of the prophets may be and long continue to be a
pure fountain.
" And I do with all my heart will this my purpose to all my
successors in the presidency of this seminary, to the latest pos-
terity; and it is my last will never to be revoked, and to
God I commit it, and my only hope and confidence for the
execution of it is in Him alone, who has already done great
things for it and does still own it as his cause ; and blessed be
his name that every present member of it, as well as great
numbers abroad, I trust, do join their hearty Amen with
CHAPTER IX.
PROGRESS TO THE DEATH . OF PRESIDENT WHEELOCK.
PROMINENT FEATURES OF HIS CHARACTER.
THE foundations being completed, the superstructure now
claims our attention. We give somewhat full details of
affairs during the opening years. The following is an extract
from a letter from Mr. M' Clare to his early friend, General
Knox, dated at Hanover, March 20, 1771 :
" The winter has been very moderate and the heavens clear
and serene. The situation is much more agreeable than I
imagined it would be last fall, before I set out from Connecti-
cut. The number of the students in the college and school is
about thirty. I have at present the care of the Grammar
School, and I find no small pleasure in ' teaching the young
idea how to shoot.' Heaven has remarkably smiled upon the
generous and pious design of the Reverend Doctor, and sup-
ported it amidst numberless difficulties and embarrassments,
and it affords a prospect of being in time a great and extensive
blessing to this part of the world and to the tawny inhabitants
of our continent."
The first Commencement, in August, 1771, attracted a large
audience, including many from a distance, among them Gov-
ernor Wentworth. Dr. Langdon had previously manifested
his deep interest in the college by a personal visit.
In his " Narrative," for the period from May, 1771, to
September, 1772, President Wheelock says :
" I have now finished (so far as to render comfortable and
decent) the building to accommodate my students, of eighty
by thirty-two feet, and have done it in the plainest and cheap-
est manner, which furnishes sixteen comfortable rooms, besides
a kitchen, hall, and store-room. I have also built a saw-mill
5
66 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
and grist-mill, which appear to be well done, and are the prop-
erty of the school, and will likely afford a pretty annual in-
come to it. I have also built two barns, one of twenty-eight
by thirty-two feet, the other of fifty-five by forty, and fifteen
feet post. I have also raised, and expect to finish, within a
few days, a malt-house of thirty feet square, and several other
lesser buildings which were found necessary. I have cleared,
and in a good measure fitted for improvement, about seventy
or eighty acres of land, and seeded with English grain about
twenty acres, from which I have taken at the late harvest,
what was esteemed a good crop, considering the land was so
lately laid open to the sun. I have cut what is judged to
be equal to fourteen or fifteen tons of good hay, which I
stacked, by which the expense of supporting a team and cows
the ensuing winter may be considerably lessened. I have also
about eighteen acres of Indian corn now on the ground, which
promises a good crop. My laborers are preparing more lands
for improvement ; some to sow with English grain this fall,
and others for pasturing, which sad experience has taught me
the necessity of, as I have suffered much by being disappointed
of this benefit, through the negligence of a number, who sub-
scribed labor to encourage the settlement of the school in
this place, and, in excuse for their not being as punctual in
performing as they appeared liberal in subscribing, plead
their poverty and the necessities of their families in their new
beginnings in this wilderness.
" 1 hope through the blessing of God, even the ensuing
year, we shall find that near sufficient has been raised on these
lands to supply the school with bread, which will be a great
relief not only as to the expense, but as to care and fatigue
in procuring it ; as the greatest and cheapest part of the sup-
port of my family has been transported above an hundred,
and much of it near two hundred miles through new and bad
roads ; which has made the expense of some articles equal to
the first cost, and many of them much more. The cheapest
fodder I had the last winter to support my team and a few
cows was brought forty miles on sleds by oxen.
" It is not easy for one who is not acquainted with the affair
of building and settling in such a wilderness to conceive of
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 67
the many difficulties, fatigues, and extraordinary expenses
attending it ; nor does it make the burden at all less, if there
are numbers settling within a few miles, who are poor and
needy, and so far from having ability to contribute their
assistance to others, as to stand in constant need of help them-
selves.
" The number of my students belonging to the college and
school has been from forty to fifty, of which from five to nine.
have been Indians. The English youth on charity are all fit-
ting for missionaries, if God in his providence shall open a
door for their serving him in that capacity, and they have
been about twenty.
" My students have been universally well engaged in their
studies, and a number of independent as well as charity schol-
ars, have only by turning a necessary diversion to agreeable
manual labor, done much to lessen the expense of their edu-
cation the last year."
In an appendix to this " Narrative," dated September 26,
1772, after referring to a prospect of obtaining sons of some
of the Caghnawaga chiefs, President Wheelock says : " One
was a descendant from the Rev. Mr. Williams, who was
captivated from Deerfield in 1704. Another was a descend-
ant from Mr. Tarbell, who was captivated from Groton [in
1707], who is now a hearty and active man, and the eldest
chief, and chief speaker of the tribe. The other was son to
Mr. Stacey, who was captivated from Ipswich, and is a good
interpreter for that tribe."
In view of all the facts within our knowledge, it seems
more than possible that the influence of these and other cap-
tives, now venerable with age, upon their red brethren, on the
one hand, and dim but precious memories of their own child-
hood, on the other, had aided materially in determining the
location of the college. The patronage of the Canadian tribes
was President Wheelock's main reliance for Indian students
after his removal to Hanover.
In regard to the missionaries sent out by President Whee-
lock at this period, his biographer says : " Some went into
the Mohawk and Oneida country, others to the Indians upon
the Muskingum, and several to the tribes within the bounds
63 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
of Canada. They found the Indians, the Oneidas excepted,
universally opposed to them." l
Perhaps it will be safe to make a slight abatement from the
somewhat sweeping statement which closes this quotation.
In his " Narrative" for the period between September, 1772,
and September, 1773, President Wheelock says : " My crops
were considerably shortened the last year, by an uncommon
rain at the beginning of harvest, and by an untimely frost,
yet the benefit of that which is saved is very sensible. I
have this year cut about double the quantity of hay which I
cut last year, namely, about thirty tons. I have reaped about
twenty acres of English grain, which crop appeared to be very
heavy before harvest, and proved too much so, as a consider-
able part of it fell down of its own weight before maturity ;
however, though it be much less than the prospect was, it is
a very considerable relief. I have about twenty acres of In-
dian corn on the ground, which, considering the newness
and imperfect tillage of the land, promises a considerable
crop.
" I have cleared sufficient for pasturing, i. e. have cut and
girdled all the growth upon five hundred acres, and a part of
it have sowed with 'hay-seed ; the rest I expect will be ready
to receive the seed as soon as it shall be dry enough to burn
the trash upon it in the spring. The soil is generally good,
and I hope the school will experience the benefit of it in due
time. I have inclosed with a fence about two thousand acres
of this wilderness, that I might be able to restrain oxen, cows,
horses, etc., from rambling beyond my reach.
" I have seven yoke of oxen and about twenty cows, all the
property and employed in the service of the school. The
number of my laborers for six months past has generally been
from thirty to forty, besides those employed at the mills, in
the kitchen, wash-house, etc. The number of my students,
dependent and independent, the last year was about eighty.
A little more than three years ago there was nothing to be
seen here but a horrid wilderness ; now there are eleven com-
fortable dwelling-houses (beside the large one I built for my
students), built by tradesmen and such as have settled in
1 Memoirs of Wheelock, p. 63.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 69
some connection with, and have been admitted for the benefit
of, this school, and all within sixty rods of the college. By
this means the necessities of this school have been relieved in
part as to room for my students. Yet the present necessity
of another and larger building appears to be such that the
growth of this seminary must necessarily be stinted with-
out it.
" When I think of the great weight of present expense for
the support of sixteen or seventeen Indian boys, which has
been my number all the last year, and as many English youth
on charity, eight in the wilderness who depend upon their
support wholly from this quarter, which has been the case a
considerable part of this year, such a number of laborers, and
under necessity to build a house for myself (as the house I
have lived in was planned for a store-house, and must be used
for that purpose) and expense for three and sometimes four
tutors, which has been the least number that would suffice for
well instructing rny students, I have sometimes found faint-
ness of heart. But I have always made it my practice not to
exceed what my own private interest [property] will pay, in
case I should be brought to that necessity to do my creditors
justice."
In his " Narrative " for the period between September,
1773, and February, 1775, President Wheelock says : " The
number of Indians in this school since my last ' Narrative,'
has been from sixteen to twenty-one, and the whole number
of charity or dependent scholars" about thirty." The whole
number of students was n^"^5oivTone Hundred.
" The progress of husbandry on this farm, the last year, has
not been equal in every respect to my hope, the season prov-
ing so wet as not to favor some branches of it. However, the
progress of it and the benefit by it, have been very consider-
able. I have raised and reaped upon the school land, the last
year, about three hundred bushels of choice wheat, but the
crop of Indian corn fell much short of my expectations, being
but about two hundred and fifty bushels. I have cut sixty
tons of hay the last season, and have a prospect of a very con-
siderable addition to that quantity the next, if Providence
shall favor it.
70 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" I have began to prepare and have a prospect that I shall be
able to fit about sixty acres of new land to sow with wheat
the next season. I have improved about twelve or fourteen
oxen, and about twenty cows, the property of the school, and
have a prospect of plenty for their support for summer and
winter, and I find already the great benefit of having where-
with to do it this winter without the fatigue and expense of go-
ing forty miles for it, as I have been forced to do till this year."
He also refers to important agricultural operations, and the
erection of buildings at Landaff Governor Wentworth's first
choice as a location for the college -and preparations for a
new college edifice.
To Messrs. Savage and Keen, he writes, October 24, 1775 :
" The progress of the great design under my hand has been as
rapid since resources from your side the water have been sus-
pended as ever. Every day turns out some new wonder of
Divine favor towards it. I have this day been out to see my
laborers who have near finished sowing one hundred and ten
acres of wheat and rye, but mostly of wheat, one hundred
acres of it on new land. No providences, however calamitous
to others, not even our present public distresses, but seem as
though they were calculated to favor this design. God gives
me all I ask for, and He is a prayer-hearing God."
We are indebted to the present librarian of the college 1 for
the following interesting facts relating to this period :
" The library of Dartmouth College may be considered as
older than the college itself, as it had its origin in the 4 Indian
Charity School,' and existed as a handful of books before the
granting of the college Charter. These books are found prin-
cipally among the theological works, in folio volumes, with
Latin texts or notes, and uninviting type. Received as they
were more than a hundred years ago, they were then publica-
% tions of the preceding century ; and they would hardly find
their way into the library to-day, if admitted upon the demand
of readers, yet in their bindings and worn leaves they show
that by some one they were thoroughly used. A copy of
' Lightfoot's Harmony of the New Testament,' under date
of June, 1764, has written across a leaf : ' Received from the
1 Professor C. W. Scott.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 71
Rev. Dr. Gifford, of London, sundry second-hand books given
by poor persons to the Indian Charity School in Lebanon, of
which this is one.' Marks on other volumes show that Dr.
Gifford was a contributor as well as a collector. Edinburgh,
too [through Dr. Erskine], sent its offering of books, and as
the struggling school came to be better known in England,
through the commissioners sent to solicit aid, and through
other sources, such gifts probably became not infrequent.
The early history and intentions of the college were such as
to particularly interest clergymen, and in proportion to their
means they were doubtless the most generous givers of books.
Their names written across fly-leaves show that many vol-
umes, in different parts of New England, did service in their
studies before finding a place in the college library. One of
the most noteworthy of such benefactors was Rev. Diodate
Johnson, of Millington, Conn., who, besides other gifts, in
1773 bestowed his entire library."
s .Nearly at the same period with Mr. Johnson's donation,
Hon. John Phillips, of Exeter, made a handsome donation,
for a philosophical apparatus. The subsequent appropriation
of the money, for another purpose, compelled the college to
dispense with this useful furniture for a considerable period.
The commencement of the Revolutionary struggle soon
proved a serious embarrassment to President Wheelock : " The
din of war drowned the feeble voice of science ; men turned
away from this ' school of the prophets ' to hear tidings from
the camp." But the heroic founder stood manfully at his
post, faithfully performing his duty, with only brief interrup-
tions, until, in the midst of that great conflict which made us
a nation, he was called to his reward. He died, after a lin-
gering illness, at Hanover, on the 24th of April, 1779. His
first wife, Mrs. Sarah (Davenport) Maltby Wheelock, of the
distinguished John Davenport family, died in Connecticut.
His second wife, Mrs. Mary (Brinsmead) Wheelock, was
spared to minister to the last earthly wants of her revered
companion.
President Wheelock lived to see his earnest efforts to pro-
mote sound learning crowned with a good measure of success.
The graduates of this period attained such eminence, iri
72 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
nearly all the paths of professional usefulness, as to indicate
most plainly that they had laid good foundations in college.
They were honored as teachers, as divines, and as legislators.
The condition of the college and the country gave them abun-
dant opportunities for appreciating the inscription on the
armor of the Dartmouth family : " Gaudet tentamine virtus."
Instead of burning the " midnight oil " of the modern stu-
dent, they kept the midnight watch against savage foes, at
least at certain periods. To us, this all looks like romance.
To them, it was stern reality.
In a fitting tribute to President Wheelock, 1 Rev. Dr. Allen
says :
" If it ^should be asked what success attended the efforts of
Dr. Wheelock to communicate the gospel to the Indian na-
tions, it may be replied that he accomplished something for
their benefit, and that great and insuperable obstacles in the
providence of God prevented him from accomplishing more.
It was soon after he sent out missionaries into the wilderness,
that the controversy with Great Britain blighted his fair and
encouraging prospects. During the last four years of his life
there was actual war, in which many of the Indian tribes
acted with the enemy. Yet the Oneidas, to whom Mr. Kirk-
land was sent as a missionary, kept the hatchet buried during
the whole Revolutionary struggle, and by means of this mis-
sion, probably, were a multitude of frontier settlements saved
from the tomahawk and the scalping-knife. But even if
nothing had been accomplished for the benefit of the Indians,
yet the zeal which chiefly sought their good, reared up a ven-
erable institution of science, in which many strong minds have
been disciplined and made to grow stronger, and nerved foe
professional toils and public labors, and in which hundreds of
ministers have been nurtured for the church of Christ.
" For enlarged views and indomitable energy, and perse-
vering and most arduous toils, and for the great results of his
labors in the cause of religion and learning, Dr. Wheelock
must ever be held in high honor. He early placed one great
object before him, and that object held his undivided atten-
tion for nearly half a century. It is not easy to describe the
1 Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 73
variety of his cares and the extent of his toils. When he re-
moved to Hanover his labors were doubled. The two institu-
tions the school and the college were ever kept distinct ;
in both he was a teacher ; of both he was the chief governor.
He was also the preacher of the college and village. In the
government of his school and college, Dr. Wheelock combined
great patience and kindness with the energy of proper and
indispensable discipline. He was of a cheerful and pleasant
temper and manifested much urbanity in his deportment."
This clear and forcible language has additional weight when
we consider, that, during nearly the whole period of his ad-
administration, he had only the aid of tutors, with no other
professor.
President Wheelock's usefulness in the great field of educa-
tion was not confined to the sons of the forest, during his resi-
dence in Connecticut. He sought out John Sraalley, the son
of one of his parishioners, in his humble home, prepared him
for college, and thereby gave him the primary impulse and
aid, without which one of New England's ablest theologians,
and the teacher of others of widely extended influence, might
have remained in life-long retirement. He took Samuel Kirk-
land, the son of a worthy but indigent brother in the ministry,
and, to use his own language, " carried him " in his arms, till
he had completed a thorough preparation for the ministry, and
finally furnished him a wife from his own kindred and his
own household. His distinguished beneficiary, beside all his
other labors, laid the foundation of Hamilton College, and gave
to Harvard the president of its " Augustan age," his son, John
Thornton Kirkland. He left the impress of his intellectual
and religious character upon his pupil, Benjamin Trumbull,
the records of whose life give him a conspicuous place among
the earnest preachers and careful historians of his day. The
valuable influence of others of his early pupils will be felt in
ever extending circles, down to " the last syllable of recorded
time."
There was no need that Eleazar Wheelock should found a
college at that advanced period of life when men naturally
seek a measure of repose, in order to secure for his name an
honorable position in the long and brilliant catalogue of Ameri-
74 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
can educators. The crowning act of his life, in the mellowed
maturity of age, was scarcely more or ]ess than the logical,
inevitable result of what preceded it.
The scope of our work does not permit any extended eulogy
of President Wheelock, nor any thorough analysis of his char-
acter. With a brief reference to some leading points, we must
close the record.
He was eminent as a scholar. The constantly recurring
and ever pressing duties of earnest and varied professional
life, left him little leisure for indulging in the luxuries of
mere aesthetic culture ; but his active mind ranged widely
through the realms of ancient and modern thought, and freely
appropriated of the richest of their treasures.
He was eminent as an orator. His eloquence was not
graced with the well-rounded periods of a Burke, or a Web-
ster ; but in many a village and hamlet, the burning words
which fell from his lips stirred the hearts of men to their pro-
foundest depths.
He was eminent as a teacher. Through life he gladly
embraced every opportunity of opening the treasuries of
knowledge to his fellow-men ; and many who sat under his
instruction were thereby laid under large obligations, al-
though, in the rude halls of the infant college, he was always
more or less embarrassed by the cares of business and the in-
firmities of advancing years.
He was eminent in affairs. He raised funds ; procured cor-
porate franchises and safeguards ; leveled forests, and reared
edifices in the face of apathy, opposition, and rivalry, with a
fertility of resources in planning, and an energy in executing,
which won the admiration of contemporaries in both hemi-
spheres.
He was eminent as a patriot. When his faithful friend,
the last Royal Governor of New Hampshire, upon whom
through years of toil and trial he had leaned as upon a strong
staff, abandoned his office, and resolutely adhered to his Sov-
ereign, and many others to whom he was strongly attached,
arrayed themselves on the same side, he as resolutely espoused
the cause of American Independence, and labored to the ex-
tent of his ability for its accomplishment.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 75
But neither the scholar, nor the orator, nor the teacher,
nor the man of affairs, nor the patriot, nor all combined,
would have secured to any man that conspicuous position
upon the page of history which the leading founder of Dart-
mouth College will occupy, so long as solid worth and success-
ful achievement shall command the attention of the discrimin-
ating, thoughtful reader.
Religion was the mainspring of his entire life, the real
source of all his success. Without it, he might have been
honored of men ; with it, he was honored of God. Encircling
all the separate parts of his character, like a golden chain, it
bound them in one grand, beautiful, harmonious whole.
In the hallowed seclusion of that thrice-honored valley,
where Jonathan Edwards was born and Thomas Hooker died,
on the western verge of that modest plain, where his long
and fruitful life bore its latest, richest fruit, his precious
dust will slumber " till the heavens be no more," and not till
then will the Christian scholar, who lingers among the hills
of central New England, cease to pay his devotions at the
grave of
ELEAZAK WHEELOCK.
CHAPTER X.
PROGEESS DURING THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE SECOND
PRESIDENT, JOHN WHEELOCK.
THE first President of the College, availing himself of a
provision in the Charter, named three persons in his will,
some one of whom he desired should be his successor in the
office. These were his son, Mr. John Wheelock, Rev. Joseph
Huntington, of Coventry, Conn., and Prof. Sylvanus Ripley.
Mr. Wheelock, although a young man, in response to the
somewhat earnest solicitation of the Trustees, after mature
deliberation decided to accept the position. His son-in-law,
Rev. Dr. Allen, gives the leading points in his earlier life in
the following language :
" He was born [a son by the father's second marriage] at
Lebanon, Conn., January 28, 1754, and graduated in Dart-
mouth's first class, in 1771. In 1772, he was appointed a
tutor, and was devoted to the business of instruction until the
beginning of the Revolution. In 1775, he was a member of
the [N. H.] Assembly. In the spring of 1777, he was ap-
pointed a Major in the service of New York, and in No-
vember, a Lieutenant-colonel in the Continental army under
Colonel Bedel. In 1778 he marched a detachment from Coos
to Albany. By direction of Stark he conducted an expedition
into the Indian country. At the request of General Gates,
he entered his family, and continued with him, until he was
recalled to Hanover by the death of his father, in 1779."
The following pages, extracted from the " Sketches of the
History of Dartmouth College and Moor's Charity School,"
prepared and published under President Wheeloek's sanction,
are deemed worthy of insertion in this connection.
" The founder and first president spent nine years in plant-
JOHN WHEELOCK, LL. D.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 77
ing and raising up a new society, in converting forests into
fields, supporting many youths on charity. Persevering
through difficulties, without any stipend for his labors, the
seminary grew in vital strength ; but destitute of patronage
in America, its resources in Europe mostly expended, and the
residue wholly obstructed, beset with calamities by the troubles
and disasters of the Revolutionary War, it was reduced, in
childhood, to nakedness and want, in the year 1779. Soon
after the treasurer, making an estimate of the demands upon
it, pronounced that all the property of the corporation, if sold
at vendue, would not be sufficient to cancel its debts. Under
these clouds, the successor of the founder came into office,
with a humble sense of his duty, and a belief that God, who
had protected and sustained the seminary in floods of trouble,
would relieve and build it up. He solicited benefactions
abroad for support of the charity youths of the school in 1780,
1781, and 1782.
41 In the latter part of that year Dr. Wheelock, the presi-
dent, set off for Europe. The Institution and his design were
known, and sanctioned by very ample recommendations, un-
necessary to be inserted here, issuing from the highest sources
in America from the President and a great majority of the
members of Congress, in their official characters ; it ought
to be recorded from the Father of his Country, GEORGE
WASHINGTON, who well knew Dr. Wheelock, while an officer
in the Revolutionary War, and honored him with his particular
notice and friendship ; from many of the most celebrated gen-
erals of the army, and Governors of the different states, with
introductory letters from the Chevalier de Luzerne, minister
plenipotentiary from the court of Versailles, to Count de Ver-
gennes, prime minister of France, from the Secretary of the
United States, and other eminent characters to different parts
of Europe.
u After some weeks spent in France, Dr. Wheelock, receiv-
ing introductory and friendly letters to Mr. Dumas, the
American ChargS d? Affaires, and others in Holland, from
Dr. Franklin, and John Adams, proceeded to the Netherlands.
A considerable sum was obtained in the Netherlands ; but we
omit a particular account of the respectful treatment and gen-
78 DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE.
erous benefactions he received from the Prince of Orange and
others high in office.
" Thence he embarked for Great Britain, partly with a view,
much lessened by the public feelings from the Revolution in
America, to obtain some new aids; but chiefly to reclaim and
negotiate for the fund in Scotland, belonging to the school.
It had been barred from before the death of his predecessor,
whose bills were protested, and still lay with their charges
unredeemed, besides large accounts for the support of Indian
youths, without the means of payment, unless by exhausting
the residue of the property of the college. He traveled from
Poole to London, where he paid his first and grateful respects
to the Earl of Dartmouth, Mr. John Thornton and others,
who, being formerly of the Board of Trust, had been in friend-
ly relations with the founder, and patronized and cherished the
seminary, in the jeopardies of its infancy. With his eyes in-
variably on the object, by an introductory letter from Dr.
Macclion, to Ralph Griffith, Esq., LL. D., he obtained friendly
access to Mr. Straghn, member of parliament and the king's
printer, and became acquainted with his son-in-law, Mr.
Spotswood. This respected gentleman, largely connected,
and concerned in the agencies of Scotland, took a benevolent
and decisive part in consulting, and adopting measures to re-
store the fund, at Edinburgh, in the care of the Society, to
its primitive channel. Communications were opened the
bills were paid ; and the way prepared for future negotiations,
till the Society were convinced of the justice of the claim.
The money has since been applied to the support of the school
in its original design ; and arrearages of interest remitted to
the president to cancel the debts overwhelming the seminary.
He, also, while in England, as on the continent, procured
some coins and articles appreciated by the virtuosi. By the
benevolence of Paul Wentworth, Esq., Doctor Rose, and other
friends to the college, some valuable philosophical instruments
were obtained, and others promised, the making of which the
two former kindly engaged to superintend, and forward the
whole, so soon as completed, to America. A way, besides,
was preparing to provide natural curiosities for a museum.
Those instruments, with their additions, well constructed,
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 79
forming an apparatus sufficient for all the more important
experiments and observations in Natural Philosophy, after-
wards arrived ; and at the same time a curious and valuable
collection of stones and fossils from India, and different parts
of Europe, for the museum, from the beneficent Mr. Forsythe,
keeper of the king's gardens, at Kensington. All these with
costs of transportation, were gifts received ai the college, by
the Trustees. Only a word more ; a large and elegant gold
medal was presented by Mr. Clyde of London, to Dr. Whee-
lock, in his official character. It is wholly irrelevant to our
purpose, and needless to speak of the personal civilities and
friendly notices of Lord Rawden, by whose goodness he was
introduced' at the House of Lords, of Sir John Wentworth,
Sir J. Blois, Dr. Price, and others, besides those before men-
tioned.
" Within three months after the President's return (in
1784) the Board of Trustees convened and resolved, if suffi-
cient means could be obtained, to erect an edifice of about one
hundred and fifty by fifty feet, three stories in height, for the
college, with convenient accommodations for the members.
The president, professors, and some of the Trustees in the
vicinity, were requested by the Board to solicit subscriptions
for the purpose. They depended on Dr. Wheelock's exer-
tions, he cheerfully undertook. By his arrangement and
exertions, in that and the following year 1785, and by his
agents, near fifteen thousand dollars were given but mostly
subscribed to be paid, and chiefly by responsible men in dif-
ferent places. The subscriptions and payments were all put
into the hands of the contractor. He commenced and carried
on the building. But in 1786 he was unable to procure sup-
plies and nothing but an immediate cessation of the business
appeared. Dr. Wheelock afforded relief, by furnishing the
joiners, about twenty in number, with sustenance through the
season, and aiding in the collection of materials, In the suc-
ceeding years, the subscriptions and means in the hands of
the contractor being exhausted, he procured by bills on Mrs.
Wheelock's agent in the West Indies, and by a residue re-
mitted from Holland and in other ways by his friends abroad,
and his own donation of $333.00, all the glass, the nails, the
80 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
vane and spire and other articles and some pay towards the
labor. A bell he had by solicitation obtained before. By
the seventh year from the beginning of its foundation, the
edifice [Dartmouth Hall] was finished, and well prepared for
the reception of the students. We will now return to trace
another chain of operation.
" Dr. Wheelock, though not at the particular request of the
Board, attended the Legislature of Vermont, June 14, 1785.
He solicited ; and they made a grant of a township [Whee-.
lock], 23,040 acres, one half to the college and the other half
to the school, to be free from all public taxes forever. As
soon as practical he procured a survey, obtained a charter,
and made calculations for its settlement. Families rapidly
moved in, till near the number of one. hundred. He disposed
of a large part of the tract in small portions on long leases.
A few years rent free, the annual product has been to the
college and school, each, six hundred dollars.
" We now turn to the State of New Hampshire. Dr. Whee-
lock had applied, by the desire of the Board, to the General
Court for a lottery, and obtained it; but from unexpected
events not answering the purpose, they requested him in 1787
to present a memorial to the Legislature for another lottery
under different modifications. Professor Woodward attended
as agent the design was effected, and the avails received by
the Board.
" The pressure of demands on the college induced him to
apply and attend the Legislature, in the month of January,
1789, for the charter of a tract of land on Connecticut river
and near the northern confine of the State. A committee
was appointed ; occasional discussions arose for several days ;
the matter was finally brought before the House. The Sen-
ate and House of Representatives passed an act granting
to the Trustees of Dartmouth College a valuable tract of
eight miles square, about 42,000 acres adjoining north of
Stewarts town. [Ebenezer Webster was the chairman of the
Legislative committee recommending this grant.] The forci-
ble and energetic eloquence of General Sullivan, that eminent
commander in the Revolutionary War, in the debate on this
subject cannot be forgotten. It drew him from his bed.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 81
amidst the first attacks of fatal disease and it was the last
speech which he ever made in public. This interesting grant
scattered the clouds just bursting on the institution. It was .
now harrassed with heavy debts of an early standing in its
losses at Landaff, which amounted to $30,000.
" At the time of obtaining the above grant, Dr. Wheelock N
also negotiated to recover the donation of $583, made by Dr.
John Phillips, in 1772 [for a philosophical apparatus], to the
college, and deposited in the hands of Governor Wentworth,
which, after he left the country was considered, from his cir-
cumstances, as wholly lost. But Dr. Wheelock adoptedy
measures and secured an account of the same and interest
out of confiscated property $1,203, in notes and certificates,
which he received of the Treasurer of the State, for the
Trustees. He also received, about that period, $125, com-
mitted to his agency by the same great benefactor, in a par-
ticular conference to transact with the Board, said sum to
be given in his name to them ; only on the express condition,
that they would agree to sequester with it his gift of about
4,000 acres of land by deed to them in 1781, as an accumu-
lating fund for the express purpose of supporting a professor
of Theology. They accepted the gift and sequestered the
property on the terms of the donor.
" The president had taken into his own hands, at the desire
of the Board, the management of the finances and external
interest of the college, and continued to conduct, and regulate
them, for five years, through its difficult and trying scenes.
Having, besides what has been mentioned, among other ar-
rangements, leased a number of lots permanently productive,
secured the appropriation of several valuable tracts, in the
vicinity of the college, to the use of professorships, and pro-
vided relief by obtaining the means to free the seminary from
its weight of debts, he resigned to the Board, in August fol-
lowing, the particular charge of the finances, except retaining
in trust the disposal of the college moiety of the township in
Vermont till a few years after, when he had completed the
proposed object of settling and leasing the same.
" The next year, 1790, there being no proper place for the
public religious and literary exercises of the members of the
82 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
seminary, the apartment of the old building falling into decay
and ruin, he undertook, made arrangements, provided the
means, and erected by contract, in five months, a chapel, near
the new college edifice. It is fifty feet by thirty-six, of two
stories height, arched within and completely finished, and
painted without convenient, and well adapted to the objects
proposed.
" He caused a new building [for Moor's School] to be erect-
ed and finished, with a yard, in 1791 two stories high, the
lower apartment convenient to accommodate near a hundred
youths. The school was improved in the order and regulation
of its members under the distinguished talents and fidelity of
their instructor Mr. [Josiah] Dunham, the present Secretary
of Vermont. At the request of the Society three years after
it was visited by a committee of their Boston commissioners
charged with the solution of a number of queries in regard to
its state, relations, and property. Their favorable report was
transmitted to Scotland.
" Of the large debts accumulated for the support of the
school, in the latter years of the first president, to discharge
the most pressing part, the Trustees had consented to the dis-
posal of lands and property in their hands, hoping that the
amount would be replaced. The advances, thus made, the
president considered himself as holden in justice to refund;
and accordingly paid them for the college, in the year 1793,
$4,000, besides some items of small amount before. [Lands
also appear to have been sold to aid in building Dartmouth
Hall.]
" The Rev. Israel Evans [of Concord] at that time was a
member of the Board. He had expressed more than once, in
intimate conversation to Dr. Wheelock, their friendship having
been long cemented in scenes of war and peace, his desire to do
something for the good of mankind and the institution. He
finally remarked, that he had made up his mind to sequester
a portion of his property as the foundation for a professorship
of eloquence ; which he knew would also be agreeable to Mrs.
Evans. Confined by sickness the succeeding year, at his
earnest request, by a special message, the Doctor paid him a
visit. The latter expressed in his family, his views and de-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 83
sign ; and receiving from the former an assent to his wishes
to insert his name as one of the executors, proceeded in the
full exercise of his mental faculties, to complete his will. Be-
sides his bequests otherwise, he gave of money in the funds,
and real estate, the amount of about $7,000, or upwards, in
reversion to the Trustees of Dartmouth College, after the
death of his wife, as a permanent fund for a professor of elo-
quence.
" About the same time, Dr. Wheelock attended the General
Court, to open the way for their favorable attention to the
important objects of the institution. Matters were in sus-
pense till the next session in June 1807, when he again per-
sonally appeared before the Legislature. His memorial was
considered, committed, and after report an act was made,
granting to the Trustees of the college a township of the con-
tents of six miles square, to be laid out on the border of the
District of Maine, to the approbation of the Governor and
Council. The land was surveyed : mostly an excellent tract,
watered by a branch of the river Androscoggin running central
through the whole, and near the northern turnpike road
he waited on them with the plan, and obtained their ratifica-
tion in 1808."
The grant of Landaff to the college had great weight with
President Wheelock, in deciding upon a location. But after
he had expended several thousand dollars in improvements
there, the title was found to be defective, and prior grantees
secured the whole. In view of this loss, the State with com-
mendable liberality made the above grants.
There seems to have been no material change in the policy
of the college, or the course of study, in the earlier years of
this administration.
The following items from the official records of the Trustees
are worthy of notice, the first bearing date, August, 1794:
" Voted that those Freshmen who wish to be excused from
going errands for other students be not obliged to go, and that
those who do not go such errands have not afterwards the
privilege of sending Freshmen.
"Adjourned Meeting, February, 1796. No person shall be
admitted into the Freshman class unless he be versed in Vir-
84 DAETMOUTH COLLEGE.
gil, Cicero's Select Orations, the Greek Testament, be able
accurately to translate English into Latin, and also under-
stands the fundamental rules of Arithmetic."
The following statement was published in 1811 :
" The immediate instruction and government of the stu-
dents is with the president, who is also professor of civil and
Ecclesiastical History, a professor of the Latin, Greek, Hebrew
and Oriental Languages, a professor of Mathematics and Nat-
ural Philosophy, a professor of Divinity, and two tutors.
The qualifications for admission into the Freshman class are,
a good moral character, a good acquaintance with Virgil,
Cicero's Select Orations, the Greek Testament, knowledge, to
translate English into Latin, and an acquaintance with the
fundamental, rules of Arithmetic. The members of the
classes, in rotation, declaim before the officers in the chapel
every Wednesday, at two o'clock, p. M.
" The Senior, Junior, and Sophomore classes, successively
pronounce such orations and other compositions, written by
themselves, as the president and professors shall direct, on the
last Wednesday of November, the second Wednesday of March,
and the third Wednesday of May. Tragedies, plays, and
all irreligious expressions and sentiments are sacredly pro-
hibited.
" The Languages, the Arts, and Sciences are studied in the
following order : the Freshman Class study the Latin and
Greek classics, Arithmetic, English Grammar and Rhetoric.
The Sophomore Class study the Latin and Greek classics,
Logic, Geography, Arithmetic, Geometry, Trigonometry, Al-
gebra, Conic Sections, Surveying, Belles-lettres and Criticism.
The Junior Class study the Latin and Greek classics, Geome-
try, Natural and Moral Philosophy, and Astronomy. The
Senior Class read Metaphysics, Theology, and Natural and
Political Law." Chemistry was introduced at about this
period. " The study of the Hebrew and the other Oriental
Languages, as also the French Language, is recommended to
the students. Every week some part of the classes exhibits
composition according to the direction of the authority. All
the classes are publicly examined at stated periods; those
1 Memoirs of Wheelock.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 85
who are found deficient lose their standing in the class. It is
a fixed rule that the idle and vicious shall not receive the hon-
ors of college.
" The punishments inflicted on offenders are admonition,
suspension and expulsion. The president attends morning
and evening prayers with the students in the chapel, and
often delivers lectures to them on ecclesiastical history, on
the doctrines of the Christian religion, or other important
subjects. He hears the recitations of the Senior class ; his
fund of general science renders this an interesting part of
collegiate life."
The librarian continues his statements as follows :
" While the library of the college was slowly increasing in
numbers and more slowly in value as measured by the wants
of the students, there were begun two other libraries, de-
signed in the beginning as supplements, but by their rapid
increase and utility soon taking the leading place. In 1783,
was formed the society of under-graduates known under the
title of ' Social Friends ' and the collection of a library was
begun. Three years later, by the secession of a part of the
members, the rival society of the ' United Fraternity ' came
into existence. The aim of the societies was to furnish liter-
ary culture, and their exercises and constitutions differed but
little, while each attempted to obtain more and better men,
and collect a larger library, than the other. It was provided
in the constitution of the last formed society, that each mem-
ber should advance for the use of the library twelve shillings
lawful money.
" At a meeting during the next year the society voted to
register its books, which consisted of twenty-three volumes of
magazines and thirty-four other books, making with a few
presented at the meeting a library of sixty-three volumes.
In 1790, the two societies subscribed to what they termed
4 articles of confederation,' in which it was agreed that a case
should be procured to contain their books, and that each soci-
ety should aid in the increase of the common library. For
this purpose each society was to advance from one to two
dollars for every member, the sum being largest for the lowest
class and least for the Senior class, and a committee was con-
86 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
stituted with power to settle all differences. But however
strong the agreement between the two parties it could not
eliminate jealousy ; neither were the societies entirely free
from internal dissensions. The records contain accounts of
k conspiracies,' and attempts to destroy the societies, accom-
panied by reports of committees, treating the subject with the
dignity of a danger to the State. One of these ' conspira-
cies ' in 1793, terminated in the destruction of nearly all the
records of the ' Social Friends ' and almost caused the disso-
lution of the society. Much of the strife between the societies
was caused by the mode of securing members, and though
there were amendments intended to lessen this, nothing like
"a settlement was made until 1815, when an order from the
officers of the college limited the membership of each society
to one half of the number in the different classes. It was
probably this question of membership that caused, in 1799,
the division of the 4 federal library ' ; the c United Fra-
ternity ' that year demanding a separation, and the 4 So-
cial Friends ' replying that they cheerfully concurred. With
the strong rivalry existing, the libraries could but increase
more rapidly under separate management., especially as the
students for many years taxed themselves severely, and con-
tributed generously by subscriptions and donations to fill up
their few shelves. Nearly all the books were contributed by
under-graduates, and the value placed upon them forms a
marked contrast with the present use of library books. It
was upon these libraries that the students more generally de-
pended, and while their additions were larger they also had
larger losses and suffered more from the wear of usage. They
obtained from time to time the books that were needed, the
college library such as were given, and that was doubtless
true during all of the time which was said of it fifty years
later : 4 The library contains some rare and valuable works,
but is deficient in new books.' The society libraries from the
beginning had regular and frequent hours for drawing books,
while the college library during a great part of its history has
been from various reasons hardly accessible, or open only at
long intervals. In 1793, the college began the yearly assess-
ment of eight shillings on each student, one fourth for the
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 87
salary of the librarian, and the remainder for the purchase of
new books.
u The first printed catalogue of any of the libraries was of
that of the college, and was merely a list printed in 1810.
It mentioned 2,900 volumes, but as there were many dupli-
cates the number of books of any practical value was less than
2,000. The number of books in each of the society libraries
at this time may be estimated as slightly over 1,000, so that
the number of volumes to which access could be had was not
much over 4,000." We quote an item worthy of notice from
official records on this subject :
" Annual Meeting of Trustees, September, A. D. 1783.
This Board being informed that Mr. Daniel Oliver, a student
in the Junior class at this College, has made a donation to
Library of the following books [43 volumes ; 33 different
works], Voted, that the Vice-president be requested to re-
turn him the thanks of this Board and request his acceptance
of the use of the college library free of charge during the
term he shall continue a student at this college."
CHAPTER XL
LACK OF HARMONY BETWEEN PRESIDENT WHEELOCK AND
OTHER TRUSTEES. REMOVAL OF THE PRESIDENT FROM
OFFICE. ESTIMATE OF HIS CHARACTER.
THE administration of President John Wheelock is remark-
able for two things ; its great length, and its unhappy close.
The great " Dartmouth Controversy " is one of the most
impressive chapters in the annals of American colleges.
In discussing this subject it is necessary to consider some
of the influences which had aided in moulding President
Wheelock's character. His residence at Yale College was at
an important period in the history of that institution, com-
mencing soon after the resignation of President Clap, who had
been driven from his position, virtually, for opposing any in-
terference in the affairs of the college, by the Legislature.
The friends of education were divided in sentiment, as to the
wisdom of his course, and the institution .was in some sense
under a cloud till the accession of President Stiles a friend
of the Wheelock family who effected an arrangement by
which the State was admitted to a share in the management
of the college. The following letter from a prominent Trustee
of Dartmouth to the president, written just at this period,
shows that the animated contest in Connecticut was only the
natural and logical precursor of one more animated and much
more important, in New Hampshire.
" CHAELESTOWN, November 17, 1791.
" HON. SIR : I have set my name to the petition, etc., al-
though, I confess not without some hesitation and reluctance.
I like the plan well in general, but there is one exception.
I cannot form any idea of what is intended by the proposal,
That the Council, or Senate, or both, be admitted to some
cern in the government of the university [college] .
HON. NATHANIEL NILES.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 89
" This appears to me to be a proposal of too much or nothing
at all, and of something not in the power of this Board to
confer, who I think cannot admit any foreign jurisdiction, any
man, or number of men to any share in government of the uni-
versity, properly so termed, otherwise than what the Constitu-
tion specifies.
u I have, however, subscribed under the influence of this con-
sideration : That in the event it may subject us to no other
inconvenience, but the imputation of inconsistence in conduct in
hereafter rejecting a compliance with our own proposal, if we
shall find that more is performed by others than was intended,
or can be admitted by us, though fairly enough proffered.
" I think some precautionary injunctions to the Agent in this
matter would be wise and prudent.
" In haste
" I am, sir, with much esteem and sincere affection,
" Your sincere friend and humble servant,
" BULKLEY OLCOTT."
" PRESIDENT WHEELOCK."
Mr. Wheelock's experiences also as a legislator and military
commander, in early life, doubtless gave him a larger confi-
dence in his own abilities on the one hand, and on the other
a more profound conviction that everything in the State
should be subordinate to the State.
The religious aspects of President Wheelock's character, are
worthy of special notice. He was the dutiful, in some sense
the favorite son of an honored father. The former president,
although sound in the faith, had more catholic views and/j
broader sympathies than many of the -leading divines of his I
day. The son was no less liberal than the father. This liber-
ality was doubtless the real cause of difference between the
second president and his associates in office. His first decided
opponent was Nathaniel Niles, who entered the Board in 1793,
a man of rare ability, and in early life a pupil of Dr. Bellamy,
whose religious views on some points were materially different
from those of his contemporary and neighbor, the first president.
The first important point gained by Mr. Niles was the elec-
tion of his friend, Mr. Shurtleff, to the chair of Divinity, in \
1804.
90 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
For ten years the breach was constantly widening between
the president and his opponents. We now find the following
official records :
" At a meeting of the Trustees, November 11, 1814, the
following preamble and resolutions, introduced by Charles
Marsh, Esq., were adopted.
" Whereas, the duties of the president of this university have
become very multiplied and arduous ; and, whereas, it is neces-
sary that he should continue to attend to the concerns of this
institution, and the various officers and departments thereof,
and should have time to prepare and lay before this Board the
business to which its attention should be directed ; therefore,
resolved, that, in order to relieve the president from some por-
tion of the burdens which unavoidably devolve on him, he be
excused in future from hearing the recitations of the Senior
Class, in Locke, Edwards, and Stewart.
" Resolved, that the Professors, Shurtleff and Moore, jointly
supply the pulpit, in such manner as may be agreed between
them. That Professor Shurtleff hear the recitation of the
Senior class in Edwards on the Will ; that Professor Adarns
hear the recitation of the Senior class in Locke on the Human
Understanding, and that Professor Moore hear the recitation
of the Senior class in Stewart's Philosophy of the Mind, and
that he hear them in both volumes of that work."
This action of the Board was followed by the .publication of
the " Sketches," and, in June, 1815, the presentation of the
following Petition to the New Hampshire Legislature :
" HONORABLE LEGISLATORS, The citizens of New
Hampshire enjoy security and peace under your wise laws ;
prosperity in productive labors by means which you have
adopted ; and, by your counsels, increasing knowledge in the
establishment of literature through the State. But, for none
of these, can so much be ascribed to your attention as for
Dartmouth College. By your patronage and munificence it
was flourishing in former years; and so it still would have
continued had the management of its concerns been adapted
to answer the designs of your wisdom, and the hopes of its
most enlightened and virtuous friends.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 91
u To your Honorable body, whose guardian care encircles the
institutions of the State, it becomes incumbent on the citizens
to make known any change in their condition and relations
interesting to the public good. To you alone, whose power
extends to correcting or reforming their abuses, ought he to
apply when they cease to promote the end of their establish-
ment, the social order and happiness.
" Gladly would the offerer of this humble address, avoiding
to trouble your counsels, have locked up his voice in perpetual
silence, while the evils are rolling on and accumulating, were
he not otherwise compelled by a sense of duty to your Legis-
lature, and to the best interests of mankind, in the present
and future times.
" Will you permit him to suggest there is reason to fear that
those who hold in trust the concerns of this seminary have
forsaken its original principles and left the path of their pred-
ecessors. It is unnecessary to relate how the evil com-
menced in its embryo state ; by what means and practices,
they, thus deviating, have in recent years, with the same ob-
ject in view, increased their number to a majority controlling
the measures of the Board ; but more important is it to lay
before you that there are serious grounds to excite apprehen-
sions of the great impropriety and dangerous tendency of
their proceedings ; reasons to believe that they have applied
property to purposes wholly alien from the intentions of the
donors, and under peculiar circumstances to excite regret ;
that they have in the series of their movements, to promote
party views, transformed the moral and religious order of the
institution, by depriving many of their innocent enjoyment of
rights and privileges for which they had confided in their
faith ; that they have broken down the barriers and violated
the Charter, by prostrating the rights with which it expressly
invests the presidential office ; that, to subserve their pur-
poses, they have adopted improper methods in their appoint-
ments of executive officers, naturally tending to embarrass
and obstruct the harmonious government and instruction of
the seminary ; that they have extended their powers, which
the Charter confines to the college, to form connection with
an academy * in exclusion of the other academies in the State,
1 Kimball Union Academy.
92 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
cementing an alliance with its overseers, and furnishing
aid from the college treasury for its students ; that they have
perverted the power, which by the incorporation they ought
to exercise over a branch of Moor's Charity School, and have
obstructed the application of its fund according to the nature
of the establishment and the design of the donors ; and that
their measures have been oppressive to your memorialist in
the discharge of his office.
" Such are the impressions as now related, arising from the
acts and operations of those who have of late commanded the
decisions of the Board.
" Your memorialist does not pretend to exhibit their mo-
tives, whether they have been actuated by erroneous concep-
tions, or mistaken zeal, or some other cause, in attending to
the concerns of the institution. But with great deference he
submits the question, unless men in trust preserve inviola-
ble faith, whether pledged by words, or action, or usage, to
individuals, unless they continuously keep within the limits
assigned to them by law ; if they do not sacredly apply the
fruits of benevolence committed to their charge, to the des-
tined purpose ; if the public affairs in their trust are not con-
ducted with openness, impartiality, and candor, instead of
designed and secret management ; if they become pointedly
hostile to those who discern their course, and honestly oppose
their measures which are esteemed destructive ; if they bear
down their inoffensive servants, who are faithful to the cause
of truth, how can an establishment under these circumstances,
be profitable to mankind ? How can there be a gleam of
prospective joy to any except to those who are converting its
interest into their own channel, to serve a favorite design ?
What motive, then, will remain to benefactors to lay founda-
tions, or to bestow their charities on such an object ?
" There is also ground for increasing, fearful apprehension,
by adding to the immediate, what may be the ultimate effect
of the measures which have been described. In a collective
view they appear to the best acquainted and discerning to be,
in all their adaptations, tending to one end, to complete the
destruction of the original principles of the college and school,
and to establish a new modified system, to strengthen the in-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 93
terests of a party or sect, which, by extending its influence
under the fairest professions, will eventually affect the politi-
cal independence of the people, and move the springs of their
government.
" To you, revered legislators ! the writer submits the fore-
going important considerations. He beholds, in your Honor-
able body, the sovereign of the State, holding, by the Consti-
tution, and the very nature of sovereignty in all countries,
the sacred right, with your duty and responsibility to God, to
visit and oversee the literary establishments, where the man-
ners and feelings of the young are formed, and grow up in
the citizen in after life ; to restrain from injustice, and rectify
abuses in their management, and, if necessary, to reduce them
to their primitive principles, or so modify their powers as to
make them subservient to the public welfare. To your pro-
tection, and wise arrangements, he submits whatever he holds
in official rights by the Charter of the seminary ; and to you
his invaluable rights as a subject and citizen.
44 He entreats your honorable body to take into considera-
tion the state and concerns of the college and school, as laid
before you.
" And as the Legislature have never before found occasion
to provide, by any tribunal, against the evils of the foregoing
nature, and their ultimate dangers, he prays that you would
please, by a committee invested with competent powers, or
otherwise, to look into the affairs and management of the
institution, internal and external, already referred to, and, if
judged expedient in your wisdom, that you would make such
organic improvements and model reforms in its system and
movements, as, under Divine Providence, will guard against
the disorders and their apprehended consequences.
" He begs only to add the contemplated joys of the friends
of man and virtue, in the result of your great wisdom and
goodness, which may secure this seat of science, so that it
may become an increasing source of blessings to the State,
and to mankind of the present and succeeding ages, instead
of a theatre for the purpose of a few, terminating in public
calamity.
44 Whatever disposal your Honorable body may please to
94 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
make of the subject now presented, the subscriber will never
cease to maintain the most humble deference and dutiful re-
spect. JOHN WHEELOCK."
It would not be profitable, at the present time, to re-open
the discussion of the subject matter of the various charges
contained in the above document, which were so fully elabo-
rated in the " Sketches," and so carefully considered in the
subsequent " Vindication " by the Trustees.
The prayer of the Memorial was granted by the Legisla-
ture, by the appointment of a committee of investigation.
The following letter is worthy of careful attention in this
connection :
" EXETER, August 15, 1815.
" MY DEAR SIR, In common with many others I have
felt considerable anxiety for the issue of the matter so much
in public discussion relative to Dartmouth College. I do not
feel either inclined or competent to give any opinion as to the
course which ought finally to be adopted by the Board of Trus-
tees for the benefit of that institution. I am entirely willing
to leave that to the determination of those much better in-
formed on the subject and better able to judge. From certain
intimations which I have lately had, I am led to believe an
intention is entertained by some members of the Board of
ending all difficulty with the president by removing him
from office. I greatly fear such a measure adopted under
present circumstances, and at the present time, would have a
very unhappy effect on the public mind. An inquiry is now
pending, instituted after considerable discussion, by the Legis-
lature of this State, apparently for the purpose of granting
relief for the subject matter of complaint. The Trustees ac-
quiesce in this inquiry ; whether they appear before the com-
mittee appointed to make it formally as a body, or informally
as individuals, the public will not deem of much importance.
The Legislature, I think, for certain purposes, have a right to
inquire into an alleged mismanagement of such an institution,
a visitorial power rests in the State, and I do not deem it im-
portant for my present view to determine in what department
or how to be exercised. The Legislature may, on proper occa-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 95
sion, call it into operation. I have never seen the president's
memorial to the Legislature, but am told it is an abstract from
the 4 Pamphlet of Sketches.' From the statements in that I
take the burthen of his complaint to be, that the Trustees have
not given him a due and proper share of power and influence
in the concerns of the college, and that they have improperly
used their own power and influence in patronizing and propa-
gating in the college particular theological opinions. The al-
leged misapplication of funds [paid for preaching] is stated as
an instance of such misconduct. These opinions, it would
seem, are particularly disagreeable to the president. The
whole dispute is made to have a bearing on the president
personally. Should the Trustees, during the pendency of the
inquiry in a cause in which they are supposed to be a party,
take the judgment into their own hands, and summarily end
the dispute by destroying the other party, they will offend
and irritate at least all those who were in favor of making the
inquiry. Such will not be satisfied with the answer that the
Trustees have the power and feel it to be their duty to exer-
cise it. It will be said that the reasons which justify a re-
moval (if there be any) have existed for a long time. A
removal after so long forbearance, at the present time, will
be attributed to recent irritations.
" That part of the president's complaint which relates to
his religious grievances, addresses itself pretty strongly to the
prejudices and feelings of all those opposed to the sect called
Orthodox. This comprises all the professed friends of liberal
religion, most of the Baptists and Methodist, and all the noth-
ingarians. The Democrats will be against you, of course. All
these combined would compose in this State a numerous and
powerful body. Any measure adopted by the Trustees with
the appearance of anger, or haste, will be eagerly seized on.
If the statements of the president are as incorrect as I have
heard it confidently asserted, an exposure of that incorrectness
will put the public opinion right. It may require time, but
the result must be certain. If it can be shown that his com-
plaints are nothing but defamatory clamor, he will be reduced
to that low condition that it will be the interest of no sect or
party to attempt to hold him up. I see no danger in delay, but
fear much in too great haste. Perhaps there is no occasion at
96 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
present to determine how long the Trustees should delay adopt-
ing their final course. Circumstances may render that ex-
pedient at a future time which is not now. I feel much
confidence that a very decisive course against the president
by the Trustees at the present time would create an unpleasant
sensation in the public mind, and would, I fear, be attended
with unpleasant consequences.
" I am sensible I have expressed my opinion very strongly on
a subject in which I have only a common interest. I frankly
confess I have been somewhat influenced by fears that some
of the Trustees will find it difficult to free themselves entirely
from the effects of the severe irritation they must have lately
experienced.
" I am, dear sir, with esteem,
" Sincerely yours.
" JEREMIAH MASON."
" C. MARSH, ESQ."
President Wheelock was removed from office on the 26th of
August, 1815, by the vote of a decided majority of the Board,
upon grounds of which the following is the substance :
" 1st. He has had an agency in publishing and circulating a
certain anonymous pamphlet, entitled ' Sketches of the His-
tory of Dartmouth College and Moor's Charity School,' and
espoused the charges therein contained before a committee of
the Legislature. The Trustees consider this publication a libel
on the institution.
" 2d. He claims a right to exercise the whole executive au-
thority of the college, which the Charter has expressly com-
mitted to the Trustees, with the president, professors, and tu-
tors by them appointed. He also claims a right to control
the Corporation in the appointment of executive officers.
" 3d. He has caused an impression to be made on the minds
of students under censure for transgression of the laws of the
institution, that if he could have had his will they would not
have suffered disgrace or punishment.
" 4th. He has taken a youth who was not an Indian, but
adopted by an Indian tribe, and supported him in Moor's
School, on the Scotch fund, which is granted for the sole pur-
pose of instructing and civilizing Indians.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 97
" 5th. He has, without sufficient ground for such a course,
reported that the real cause of the dissatisfaction of the Trus-
tees with him was a diversity of religious opinions between
him and them."
In taking leave of the second president, we have only to
remark, as we introduce his eulogist, Mr. Samuel Clesson
Allen, that both parties to the contest apparently overrated
their grievances.
" President Wheelock was distinguished for the extent and
variety of his learning. With a lively curiosity he pushed
his inquiries into every department of knowledge, and made
himself conversant with the various branches of science. But
of all the subjects which presented themselves to his inquisi-
tive mind those which relate to man in his intellectual con-
stitution and social relations engaged and fixed his attention.
His favorite branches were Intellectual Philosophy, Ethics,
and Politics. Possessing in an eminent degree the spirit of
his station, he fulfilled with singular felicity the offices of in-
structor and governor in the college. Animated and ardent
himself, he could transfuse the same holy ardor into the minds
of his pupils. What youth ever visited him in his study, but
returned to his pursuits with a renovated spirit, and a loftier
sentiment of glory ?
" He had formed the noblest conceptions of the powers of
the human mind, and of its ultimate progress in knowledge
and refinement. This sentiment called forth the energies of
his mind, and gave direction and character to his inquiries.
It pervaded all his instructions, and imparted to science and
to letters their just preeminence among the objects of human
pursuit.
" He never sought to preoccupy the minds of his pupils with
his own peculiar notions, or to impose upon them any favorite
system of opinions. He endeavored to make them proficients
in science, and not the proselytes of a sect.
" In government he commanded more by example than by
authority, and the admiration of his talents ensured a better
obedience than the force of laws. His elevation of mind
placed him above personal prejudices and resentments, and
jealousies of wounded dignity. He practiced no espionage
7
98 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
upon his pupils, but reposed for the maintenance of order on
their sense of propriety, and his own powers of command.
He conciliated their attachment while he inspired their rever-
ence ; and he secured their attention to the stated exercises
and reconciled them to the severest studies by the example he
exhibited, and the enthusiasm he inspired. He knew how to
adapt his discipline to the various dispositions and characters,
and could discriminate between the accidental impulse ' of a
youthful emotion and deliberate acts of intentional vice.
" He was an interesting and powerful speaker. His erect
attitude and dignified action inspired reverence, and com-
manded attention. But the wonderful force of his eloquence
arose from the strength and sublimity of his conceptions.
Such were his originality of thought, and rich variety of ex-
pression, that he could present the most common subjects in
new and interesting lights. His public discourses evinced the
strength of the reasoning faculty, the powers of the imagina-
tion, and the resources of genius.
" He would sometimes conduct the mind with painful sub-
tility through the multiplied steps of a long demonstration.
At other times he would glance upon the main topics of his
argument, and seize on his conclusion by a sort of intuitive
penetration. He frequently embellished his subject with the
higher ornaments of style, and diffused around the severer
sciences the graces and elegancies of taste. For force of ex-
pression he might be compared to Chatham, and in splendid
imagery he sometimes rivaled Burke. He would, at pleasure,
spread a sudden blaze around his subject or diffuse about it a
milder radiance.
" To the interpretation of the Scriptures he carried all the
lights which geography, history, and criticism could supply,
and poured their full effulgence upon the sacred page. His
daily prayers always presenting new views of the works and
perfections of the Deity, exhibited whatever was vast in con-
ception, glowing in expression and devout in feeling.
" He was probably formed not less for the higher offices of
active life than for the speculations of science. Distinguished
for the boldness of his enterprise and the decisive energy of
his character, he set no limits to what individual exertion
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 99
and effort could accomplish. He attempted great things with
means which other men would have esteemed wholly inade-
quate, and the vigor of his mind increased in proportion to
the difficulties he met in the execution of his enterprises. He
was disheartened by no difficulties, he was intimidated by no
dangers, he was shaken by no sufferings. The glory which
he sought was not the temporary applause of this party or
that sect, but it was the glory which results from unwearied
efforts for the improvement and happiness of man. He was
not less distinguished by the object and character of his enter-
prises than by the great qualities he exhibited in their accom-
plishment. His was a high and holy ambition, which, while
it preserved its vigor, identified its objects with those of the
purest charity."
Dartmouth conferred the degree of LL. D. upon President
Wheelock in 1789. He died at Hanover, April 4, 1817, his
wife, Mrs. Maria (Suhm) Wheelock, daughter of Governor
Christian Suhm, of St. Thomas, W. L, surviving him.
CHAPTER XII.
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENT BROWN. CONTEST BE-
TWEEN THE COLLEGE AND THE STATE. - TRIUMPH OF THE
COLLEGE.
REV. FRANCIS BROWN of North Yarmouth, Maine, was
elected the successor of President Wheelock. His character
will be the subject of a later chapter.* He was inaugurated in
September, 1815, and entered at once with vigor and earnest
ness upon the performance of his official duties.
The Committee of the New Hampshire Legislature of 1815,
Rev. Ephraim P. Bradford, Nathaniel A. Haven, and Daniel
A. White, appointed to investigate the affairs of the college,
reported in substance, that there was no ground for interfer-
ence by the State.
The deep interest in the college question produced a polit-
ical revolution in the State. In his message to the Legisla-
ture at the opening of the session in June, 1816, Governor
Plumer says :
" Permit me to invite your consideration to the state and
condition of Dartmouth College, the head of our learned insti-
tutions. As the State has contributed liberally to the estab-
lishment of its funds, and as our constituents have a deep in-
terest in its prosperity, it has a strong claim to our attention.
The charter of that college was granted December 13th, 1769,
by John Wentworth, who was then Governor of New Hamp-
shire, under the authority of the British king. As it ema-
nated from royalty, it contained, as was natural it should,
principles congenial to monarchy ; among others, it established
Trustees, made seven a quorum, and authorized a majority of
those present to remove any of its members which they might
consider unfit or incapable, and the survivors to perpetuate
the Board by themselves, electing others to supply vacancies.
REV. FRANCIS BROWN, D. D.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 101
This last principle is hostile to the spirit and genius of a free
government. Sound policy therefore requires that the mode
of election should be changed, and that Trustees, in future,
should be elected by some other body of men.
" The college was founded for the public good, not for the
benefit or emolument of its Trustees ; and the right to amend
and improve acts of incorporation of this nature has been.
exercised by all governments, both monarchical and repub-
lican. In the Charter of Dartmouth College it is expressly
provided that the president, trustees, professors, tutors and
other officers, shall take the oath of allegiance to the British
king ; but if the laws of the United States, as well as those
of New Hampshire, abolished by implication that part of the
Charter, much more might they have done it directly and by
express words. These facts show the authority of the Legis-
lature to interfere upon this subject."
Governor Plumer communicated this message to Jefferson,
who replied in his letter of July 21, 1816 : " It is replete with
sound principles, and truly republican. Some articles, too, are
worthy of notice. The idea that institutions established for
the use of the nation cannot be touched nor modified, even to
make them answer their end, because of rights gratuitously
supposed in those employed to manage them in trust for the
public, may, perhaps, be a salutary provision against the
abuses of a monarch, but it is most absurd against the na-
tion itself. 'Yet our lawyers and priests generally inculcate
this doctrine, and suppose that preceding generations held the
earth more freely than we do ; had a right to impose laws on
us, unalterable by ourselves ; and that we, in like manner,
can make laws and impose burdens on future generations,
which they will have no right to alter ; in fine, that the earth
belongs to the dead, and not to the living."
The following action shows the result :
" The undersigned, three of the members of the Board of
Trustees of Dartmouth College, having this morning seen
a printed copy of a bill before the Honorable House [of
the New Hampshire Legislature], the provisions of which,
should they go into effect would set aside the Charter of the
college, and wholly change the administration of its concerns?
102 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
beg leave respectfully to remonstrate against its passage.
The provisions of the bill referred to change the name of
the corporation ; enlarge the number of Trustees ; alter the
number to constitute a quorum ; render persons living out
of the State, who are now eligible, hereafter ineligible ;
vacate the seats of those members who are not inhabitants of
the State ; deprive the Trustees of the right of electing mem-
bers to supply vacancies ; and give to the new Board of Trus-
tees an arbitrary power of annulling everything heretofore
transacted by the Trustees ; and this last without the concur-
rence of the proposed Board of Overseers. The consent of
the present Board of Trustees is in no instance contemplated
as necessary to give validity to the new act of incorporation.
" In the opinion of the undersigned, these changes, modifi-
cations, and alterations effectually destroy the present Charter
of the college and constitute a new one.
u Should the bill become a law, it will be obvious to our fel-
low citizens that the Trustees of Dartmouth College will have
been deprived of their Charter rights without having been sum-
moned or notified of any such proceeding against them. It
will be equally obvious to our fellow citizens that the facts
reported by the committee of investigation [of the last Legis-
lature] did not form the ground and basis of the new act of
incorporation ; and that no evidence of facts of any sort, re-
lating to the official conduct of the Trustees, other than the
report of the committee of investigation, was submitted to
your Honorable Bodies.
44 To deprive a Board of Trustees of their Charter rights,
after they have been accused of gross misconduct in office,
without requiring any proof whatever of such misconduct, ap-
pears to your remonstrants unjust, and not conformable to the
spirit of the free and happy government under which we live.
If the property has been misapplied, if there has been any
abuse of power upon the part of the Trustees, they are fully
sensible of their high responsibility ; but they have always
believed, and still believe, that a sound construction of the
powers granted to the Legislature, gives them, in this case,
only the right to order, for good cause, a prosecution in the
judicial courts.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 103
" A different course effectually blends judicial and legis-
lative powers, and constitutes the Legislature a judicial tri-
bunal.
" The undersigned also beg leave to remonstrate against the
passage of the bill, on the ground of inexpediency. A cor-
poration is a creature of the law, to which certain powers,
rights, and privileges are granted ; and amongst others that of
holding property. Destroy this creature, this body politic,
and all its property immediately reverts to its former owners.
This doctrine has long been recognized and established in all
governments of law. Any material alteration of the corpora-
tion, without its consent, and certainly such essential altera-
tions as the bill under consideration is intended to make, will
be followed with the same effect. The funds belonging to the
college, although not great, are highly important to the
institution ; and a considerable proportion of them were
granted by, and lie in, the State of Vermont. The under-
signed most earnestly entreat the Honorable Legislature not
to put the funds of the college in jeopardy ; not to put at
hazard substantial income, under expectations which may or
may not be realized."
After alluding to lack of precedent for the proposed action,
and the necessary increase of expenditures which would result
from its consummation, they proceed to say : "If the provis-
ions of this bill should take effect, we greatly fear that the
concerns of the college will be drawn into the vortex of polit-
ical controversy. We refer particularly to that section of the
bill which gives the appointment of Trustees and Overseers to
the Governor and Council. The whole history of the United
States for the last twenty years teaches us a lesson which ought
not to be kept out of view. Our literary institutions hitherto
have been preserved from the influence of party. The ten-
dency of this bill, unless we greatly mistake, is to convert the
peaceful retreat of our college into a field for party warfare.
" Whilst the undersigned deem it their indispensable duty to
remonstrate in the most respectful terms against the passage
of the bill referred to, they have no objection, and they have
no reason to believe their fellow Trustees have any objection,
to the passage of a law connecting the government of the
104 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
State with that of the college, and creating every salutary
check and restraint upon the official conduct of the Trustees
and their successors that can be reasonably required, and
with respectful deference they would propose the following
outlines of a plan for that purpose.
" The Councillors and Senators of New Hampshire together
with the Speaker of the House of Representatives for the time
being, shall constitute a Board of Overseers of Dartmouth
College, any ten of whom shall be a quorum for transacting
business. The Overseers shall meet annually at the college,
on the day preceding Commencement. They shall have an
independent right to organize their own body, and to form
their own rules ; but as soon as they shall have organized
themselves they shall give information thereof to the Trus-
tees. Whenever any vote shall have been passed by the Trus-
tees it shall be communicated to the Overseers, and shall not
have effect until it shall have the concurrence of the Over-
seers. Provided, nevertheless, that if at any meeting a quo-
rum of the Overseers shall not be formed, the Trustees shall
have full power to confer degrees, in the same manner as
though there were no Overseers ; and also to appoint Trustees
or other officers (not a president or professor), and to enact
such laws as the interests of the institution shall indispen-
sably require ; but no law passed by the Trustees shall in such
case have force longer than until the next annual meeting of
the Boards, unless it shall then be approved by the Overseers.
Neither of the Boards shall adjourn, except from day to day,
without the consent of the other. It shall be the duty of the
president of the college, whenever in his opinion the interests
of the institution shall require it, or whenever requested
thereto by three Trustees, or three Overseers, to call special
meetings of both Boards, causing notice to be given in writ-
ing to each Trustee and Overseer, of the time and place ; but
no meeting of one Board shall ever be called except at the
same time and place with the other. It shall be the duty of
the president of the college annually, in the month of May, to
transmit to his Excellency, the Governor, a full and particular
account of the state of the funds, the number of students and
their progress, and generally the state and condition of the
college.
DAETMOUTH COLLEGE. 105
" If the plan above suggested should meet the approbation
of the Honorable Legislature, and good men of all parties give
it their sanction, we may all anticipate, with high satisfac-
tion, the future prosperity of the college, and its incalculable
usefulness to the State ; but if a union of the friends of litera-
ture and science, of all parties and sects, cannot be attained ;
if the triumph of one party over the other be absolutely in-
dispensable ; fearful apprehensions must fill the mind of every
considerate man, every dispassionate friend of Dartmouth
College. THOS. W. THOMPSON,
ELIJAH PAINE,
ASA M'FAELAND.
"June 19, 1816."
The effect of this proposed compromise was a modifica-
tion of the bill in some of its important features. Against
the amended bill, which was passed a few days afterward,
there was a farther protest, from which we make brief extracts.
" The undersigned would not trouble the Honorable Legis-
lature with any remarks in addition to those contained in
their remonstrance of the 19th inst. did they not believe it
was a duty not to be omitted."
Referring to the amended bill, they continue :
" They have not been able to obtain a sight of it, but have
heard it contains provisions for an increase of the Board of
Trustees to the number of twenty-one, a majority of whom to
constitute a quorum, and that the additional number are to be
appointed by His Excellency the Governor and the Honorable
the Council. To many of the topics of argument, suggested
in their former remonstrance (which are equally applicable
against the passage of the bill in its present shape) they re-
spectfully ask leave to add, that the bill in its present shape
destroys the identity of the corporation, known in the law by
the name of the Trustees of Dartmouth College, without the
consent of the corporation, and consequently the corporation
to be created by the present bill must and will be deemed by
courts of law altogether diverse and distinct from the corpora-
tion to which all the grants of property have hitherto been
made ; and therefore the new corporation cannot hold the prop-
erty granted to the corporation created by the charter of 1769.
106 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" By the Charter of Dartmouth College a contract was made
by the then supreme power of the State with the twelve per-
sons therein named, by which, when accepted by the persons
therein named, certain rights and privileges were vested in
them and their successors, for the guarantee of which the
faith of government was pledged by necessary implication.
In the same instrument the faith of government was pledged
that the corporation should consist of twelve persons and no
more. The change in the government of the State, since
taken place, does not in the least possible degree impair the
validity of this contract, otherwise nearly all the titles to
real estate, held by our fellow citizens, must be deemed in-
valid.
" The passage ofthe bill now before the Honorable House
will, in the deliberate opinion of the undersigned, violate the
plighted faith of the government. If the undersigned are
correct in considering the Charter of 1769 in the nature of a
contract, and if the bill, in its present shape, becomes a law,
we think it necessarily follows that it will also violate an im-
portant clause in the 10th section of the 1st article in the
Constitution of the United States, which provides, that no
State shall pass any law impairing the obligation of con-
tracts.
" The Honorable Legislature will permit us to add, that as
it is well known that the Trustees have, as a Board, been di-
vided on certain important subjects, although the minority has
been very small, should the Legislature now provide for nine
new Trustees, to be appointed by His Excellency the Governor
and the Honorable the Council, and that without any facts be-
ing proved to the Legislature, or any Legislative report having
been made, showing that the state of things at the college ren-
dered the measure necessary, it must be seen by our fellow
citizens' that the majority of the Trustees have been by the
Legislature, for some unacknowledged cause, condemned un-
heard. THOMAS W. THOMPSON,
ASA M'FARLAND.
"June 24, 1816."
The recommendations of the Governor in substance, be-
came a law ; the name of the college was changed to " Univer-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 107
sity ; " the number of the Trustees was increased to twenty-
one ; a Board of Overseers was created, to be appointed by
the Governor and Council ; the president and professors of the
university were required to take an oath to support the Con-
stitution of the United States, and of the State of New
Hampshire ; and the act provided that " perfect freedom of
religious opinion should be enjoyed by all the students and
officers of the university." The committee to whom the mes-
sage, etc., relating to this subject, were referred, it should be
remarked, did not undertake to decide in favor of either party
to the controversy, but alleged that the troubles arose from
certain defects in the Charter, and that they would recur again
in some form, unless those defects were remedied.
The debates upon the historical and constitutional questions
involved were able. The minority were ably led, both inside
and outside the Legislature, but parliamentary tactics availed
them nothing. Many of them joined in a written protest
against the passage of the bill, the substance of which has al-
ready appeared in the action of the Trustees.
Directly after the passage of this bill Mr. Marsh prepared
an elaborate argument, never published, setting forth the
essence of the leading points of the case, as viewed by the
majority of the old Trustees.
The following letter, addressed to Mr. Timothy Bigelow,
Boston, is worthy of notice in this connection :
" CONCORD, July 27, 1816.
4t DEAR SIB : Dr. McFarland will do himself the pleasure to
hand you this. In him you will recognize an old acquaint-
ance. We wish to get the opinions of as many legal friends
as we can upon the question of legitimate power in the New
Hampshire Legislature, to pass the act relating to Dartmouth
College, and with regard to the course the old Trustees ought
to pursue. It is an interest, we think, common to all well
wishers to New England.
" The old Trustees, I am confident, are willing to take just
that course that their wisest and best friends recommend.
" Very cordially yours, THOMAS W. THOMPSON."
108 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
August 28, 1816, a majority of the old Trustees formally
refused to accept the provisions of the act.
A meeting of the Trustees of the university, under the act
of June 27, 1816, was called, but through the illness of a sin-
gle member, failed for want of a quorum. The judges of the
Superior Court, on December 5, 1816, in answer to the Gov-
ernor and Council, gave their opinion that the executive de-
partment had no authority to fill the vacancies which had
occurred. To remedy this, the Legislature, on December 18,
1816, passed an additional act providing for filling the va-
cancies, the calling of meetings and fixing a quorum ; and on
December 26, 1816, passed another act imposing the penalty
of five hundred dollars upon any person who should assume
any office in the university except by virtue of the preceding
acts.
In view of this action President Brown writes to Mr. Tim-
othy Farrar, of Portsmouth, January 3, 1817 :
" Now, what shall we do ? One of these four courses must
be taken. We must either keep possession and go on to teach
as usual, without any regard to the law, or, withdrawing from
the college edifice and all the college property, continue to
instruct as the officers of Dartmouth College ; or, relinquish-
ing this name for the present, collect as many students as will
join us, and instruct them as private but associated individu-
als ; or else we must give all up and disperse. Will you give
us your opinion, what may be duty or what expedient, as
soon as convenient ? Particularly, will you give us your
opinion whether, supposing this oppressive act to be judged
constitutional, we should be liable to the fine, if we instruct
as the officers of Dartmouth College, relinquishing, however,
the college buildings, the library, apparatus, etc."
The Faculty of the college issued the following :
"ADDRESS OF THE EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF DARTMOUTH
COLLEGE TO THE PUBLIC.
" As the undersigned, after the most serious and mature
consideration, have determined to retain the offices which
they received by the appointment of the Trustees of Dart-
mouth College, and not voluntarily to surrender, at present,
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 109
any property committed to them, nor to relinquish any privi-
leges pertaining to their offices, they believe it to be a duty,
which they owe to the public no less than to themselves, to
make an explicit declaration of the principles by which they
are governed.
" They begin by stating the two following positions, as
maxims of political morality, which they deem incontroverti-
ble:
" 1. It is wrong, under any form of government, for a citi-
zen or subject to refuse compliance with the will of the sover-
eign power, when that will is fully expressed, except in cases
where the rights of conscience are invaded, or where oppres-
sion is practiced to such an extreme degree that the great
ends of civil government are defeated or highly endangered.
" 2. Under a free government, where the sovereignty is ex-
ercised by several distinct branches, whose respective powers
are created and defined by written constitutions, cases may
arise in which it will be the duty of the citizen to delay con-
forming to the ordinances of one branch until the other
branches shall have had opportunity to act. If, for example,
the legislative branch should transcend its legitimate power,
and assume to perform certain acts which the Constitution had
assigned to the province of the judicial branch, a citizen, in-
juriously affected by those acts, might be bound, not indeed
forcibly to resist them, but, in the manner pointed out by
law, to make an appeal to the judiciary and to await its de-
cision.
" The undersigned deem it unnecessary, in this place, to
detail the provisions of the acts of the Honorable Legislature,
passed in June and December, A. D. 1816, relating to this
institution. Those acts are before the public and are gener-
ally understood.
" The Board of Trustees, as constituted by the Charter of
1769, at their annual meeting in August last, took into con-
sideration the act of June, and adopted a resolution, ' not to
accept its provisions.' In the preamble to this resolution, we
find a paragraph in the words following : ' They (the Trus-
tees) find the law fully settled and recognized in almost every
case which has arisen, wherein a corporation or any member
110 DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE.
or officer is a party, that no man or body of men is bound to
accept, or act under, any grant or gift of corporate powers
and privileges ; and that no existing corporation is bound to
accept, but may decline or refuse to accept any act or grant
conferring additional powers or privileges, or making any re-
striction or limitation of those they already possess ; and in
case a grant is made to individuals or to a corporation with-
out application, it is to be regarded not as an act obligatory
or binding upon them, but as an offer or proposition to confer
such powers and privileges, or the expression of a desire to
have them accept such restrictions, which they are at liberty
to accept or reject.'
u If the doctrine contained in this paragraph be correct, and
of its correctness the undersigned, after ascertaining the opin-
ion of eminent jurists in most of the New England States,
entertain no doubt, the act of June, and of course the acts of
December, have become inoperative, in consequence of the
nonacceptance of them by the Charter Trustees, and the pro-
visions of these acts are not binding upon the corporation or
its officers. We take the liberty to add, that, in our opinion,
the reasons assigned by the Trustees in the preamble before
mentioned for not accepting the act of June, are very impor-
tant and amply sufficient. Indeed, it has ever appeared to
us, that the changes proposed to be introduced into the char-
ter by the acts in question, would have proved highly inauspi-
cious to the welfare of this institution, and ultimately injuri-
ous to the interests of literature throughout our country.
" The Trustees appointed agreeably to the provisions of the
act of June have, however, thought proper to organize, with-
out the concurrence of the Charter Trustees, and to perform
numerous decisive acts.
44 At a meeting in Concord on the fourth instant, they
brought several specifications of charges against the under-
signed ; and at an adjourned meeting, holden on the twenty-
second instant, they proceeded to displace, discharge, and
remove them from their respective offices in Dartmouth
University. A similar procedure was adopted against four
of the Trustees acting under the Charter.
" Unless we greatly mistake, in the view already expressed
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. Ill
of the act of June, the votes of the university Trustees, remov-
ing us from office, are wholly unauthorized and destitute of
any legal effect ; and we are still, as we have uniformly
claimed to be, officers of Dartmouth College under the charter
of 1769.
" The Charter Trustees having resolved to assert their cor-
porate rights, and having, for this purpose, recently commenced
a suit against their late Secretary and Treasurer, in the issue
of which it is expected the question between them and their
competitors will be finally settled, the undersigned, being
united with them in opinion, in principle, and in feeling, can-
not consent to abandon them, or to perform any act which
may prejudice their claims, while this suit is pending. They
must therefore proceed, as officers of Dartmouth College, to
discharge their prescribed duties. They are sensible of their
obligation to render submission to the laws, and their first in-
quiry, in the case before them, has been, What is law ? The
result is a full conviction in their own minds, that the course
they have concluded to adopt is strictly legal, and that no
other course would be consistent with their duty. If they err,
their error will shortly be corrected by the decision of our
highest judicial tribunals ; and with this decision they will
readily comply. In the meantime, while the appeal is made
to the laws of their country, and to the constitutions of this
State and of the United States, which are the supreme law,
they trust that none of their fellow-citizens will have the un-
kindness to charge them with a want of respect to the gov-
ernment under which they live. As soon as the will of the
government shall be fairly expressed, they will render to it a
prompt obedience.
" The undersigned are placed in a situation singularly diffi-
cult and highly responsible. To them it seems to be allotted
in Divine Providence, to perform a part which, in its conse-
quences, may deeply affect the interests not only of this insti-
tution, but of all similar institutions in this country. And
although they are fully conscious of their own inability to
perform this part in a manner worthy of its importance, yet
they are firmly resolved, relying on divine assistance, not to
shrink from any duty, or any danger, which it may involve.
112 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" The penal act of December they cannot but regard as
unnecessarily severe ; nor do they see what purpose it was
calculated to answer, except to influence them, by the pros-
pect of embarrassing suits, to an abandonment of their trust.
They are aware that men may be found disposed to multiply
prosecutions against them, and to despoil them of the little
property they possess ; but they believe themselves called in
Providence not to shun this hazard, as they cannot reconcile
it with their obligation to the institution under their care, to
relinquish the places they occupy, until it shall be ascertained
that they cannot rightfully retain them.
" As the university Trustees have expressed a great regard
for the laws, the undersigned have a right to expect that
neither they, or any agents appointed by them, will resort to
illegal measures to seize on the college buildings and property.
Should such measures unhappily be adopted, the undersigned
will make no forcible resistance, it not being a part of their
policy to repel violence by violence. They will quietly with-
draw where they cannot peaceably retain possession, and, with
the best accommodations they can procure, will continue to
instruct the classes committed to them, until the prevalence
of other counsels shall procure a repeal of the injurious acts,
or until the decision of the law shall convince them of their
error, or restore them to their rights.
" FRANCIS BROWN,
" EBENEZER ADAMS,
" ROSWELL SHURTLEFF.
"February 28, 1817."
The above gentlemen constituted the permanent Faculty
at this period. In view of all the circumstances they deter-
mined to surrender the college buildings and library to their
opponents, and the Trustees determined to test their rights
before the courts, the action being brought against the former
Treasurer, who adhered to the " University" party.
" The action : * The Trustees of Dartmouth College v.
William H. Woodward,' was commenced in the Court of
Common Pleas, Grafton County, State of New Hampshire,
February Term, 1817. The declaration was trover for the
books of record, original charter, common seal, and other cor-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 113
porate property of the college. The conversion was alleged
to have been made on the 7th day of October, 1816. The
proper pleas were filed, and by consent the cause was carried
directly to the Superior Court of New Hampshire, by appeal,
and entered at the May Term, 1817. The general issue was
pleaded by the defendant, and joined by the plaintiffs. The
facts in the case were then agreed upon by the parties, and
drawn up in the form of a special verdict, reciting the Charter
of the college and the acts of the Legislature of the State,
passed June and December, 1816, by which the said corpora-
tion of Dartmouth College was enlarged and improved, and
the said Charter amended.
" The question made in the case was, whether those acts
of the Legislature were valid and binding upon the corpora-
tion, without their acceptance or assent, and not repugnant
to the Constitution of the United States. If so, the verdict
found for the defendants ; otherwise it found for the plain-
tiffs.
" The cause was continued to the September Term of the
court in Rockingham County, where it was argued ; and at
the November term of the same year, in Graf ton County, the
opinion of the court was delivered by Chief Justice Richardson,
sustaining the validity and constitutionality of the acts of the
Legislature ; and judgment was accordingly entered for the
defendant on the special verdict.
" Thereupon a writ of error was sued out by the original
plaintiffs, to remove the cause to the Supreme Court of the
United States, where it was entered at the term of the court
holden at Washington on the first Monday of February,
1818.
" The cause came on for argument on the 10th day of March
1818, before all the judges. It was argued by Mr. Webster
and Mr. Hopkinson, for the plaintiffs in error, and by Mr.
Holmes and the Attorney -general (Wirt), for the defendant
in error.
" At the term of the court holden in February, 1819, the
opinion of the judges was delivered by Chief Justice Marshall,
declaring the acts of the Legislature unconstitutional and in-
valid, and reversing the judgment of the State court. The
8
114 DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE.
court, with the exception of Mr. Justice Duvall, were unani-
mous."
The arguments in the New Hampshire court by Messrs.
Mason, Smith, and Webster for the college, and Messrs. Sul-
livan and Bartlett for Mr. Woodward ; the decision of that
court, and the cause in the Supreme Court of the United
States, are an important part of our country's judicial history.
The result was logically based upon prior decisions of the
Supreme Court. We invite special attention to one point in
Mr. Webster's argument. If, in the lapse of time, under the
strong light of careful research or elaborate criticism, all the
other brilliant colors of this remarkable fabric shall fade or
vanish, this central figure will remain forever, to illustrate
the relations of the college to the State.
" The State of Vermont is a principal donor to Dartmouth
College. The lands given lie in that State. This appears in
the special verdict. Is Vermont to be considered as having
intended a gift to the State of New Hampshire in this case,
as, it has been said, is to be the reasonable construction of all
donations to the college ? The Legislature of New Hampshire
affects to represent the public, and therefore claims a right to
control all property destined to public use. What hinders
Vermont from considering herself equally the representative
of the public, and from resuming her grants, at her own pleas-
ure ? Her right to do so is less doubtful than the power of
New Hampshire to pass the laws in question."
Thus closed one of the most important contests in the his-
tory of American jurisprudence.
Law, politics, literature, and religion combined to make it a
subject of national concern. The decision gave to a large
class of chartered institutions a security never enjoyed before.
The lapse of more than half a century enables us to consider
the question calmly and candidly, uninfluenced by interest,
prejudice, or passion.
The case was attended with serious embarrassments.
Neither counsel nor court had thorough knowledge of the
history of the school and the college, and the relations of each
to the other. Had they possessed this knowledge, the line of
argument in some respects would have been very different,
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 115
although perhaps with the same general results. More than
this, there were no precedents. Indeed, at that early day
questions of constitutional law had occupied very little of the
attention of the American courts.
There would have been embarrassment had the British
Parliament, before our Revolution, assumed the right to alter
materially the Charter of the college. Changes in chartered
institutions in America, especially, by that body, although
within the scope of its power, were usually met with the stern-
est protests. After the Revolution, there were wide differences
of opinion as to who had power over charters granted ante-
cedent to that event. In the case of Dartmouth's Charter
any one of several opinions might have found plausible sup-
port. To determine whether it was a fit matter for State or
national legislation, or judicial control, we must revert to the
history of the Charter. There we find that it was the unvary-
ing purpose of the founder, adhered to through a long period
of severe and persistent effort, to obtain a Charter which would
enable him to locate his school or schools .in any of the
American colonies. He was determined to be as free as pos-
sible from local obligations and local control. There can be
no doubt that in securing the Charter of the college he believed
that he had accomplished a similar purpose. The Charter
appointed as a majority of the first Board of Trustees resi-
dents in Connecticut, making it for the time being, by de-
sign of the founder, for good and sufficient reasons, in a sense,
a Connecticut institution, with a provision that after the
lapse of a brief period a majority of the Board should be resi-
dents in New Hampshire. In writing upon this subject to a
business correspondent, in June, 1777, President Wheelock
says, referring to a third party : " Let him see how amply this
incorporation is endowed, and how independent it is made of
this government or any other incorporation," and adds that
" a matter of controversy " relating to the township granted
by the king to the college nearly at the same time with the
Charter, " can be decided by no judicatory but supreme, or
one equal to that which incorporated it, i. e., the Continental
Congress."
The views of no one person will be received by all, as con-
116 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
elusive on a subject of so much importance. But certainly,
Eleazar Wheelock had a right to construe the provisions of an
instrument which in almost every line bore his impress, never
possessed by any other individual.
Had John Wheelock presented his grievances to the Na-
tional Legislature, only in a limited sense, it is true, if at
all, the successor of that king, whose grant of Landaff, in ad-
dition to the College Charter, made him, in a sense, according
to Coke, the founder of the college, he might, in all prob-
ability, have obtained what he desired in a peaceful manner,
although an important judicial decision might never have oc-
cupied its present place in American law.
CHAPTER XIII.
CHARACTER OF PRESIDENT BROWN. TRIBUTES BY PRO-
FESSOR HADDOCK AND RUFUS CHOATE.
IN Sprague's " Annals of the American Pulpit," we find, in
substance, the following notice of President Brown :
Francis Brown was the son of Benjamin and Prudence
(Kelley) Brown, and was born at Chester, Buckingham
County, N. H., January 11, 1784. His father was a merchant,
and had a highly respectable standing in society. His mother
was a person of superior intellect and heart, and, though she
died when he had only reached his tenth year, she had im-
pressed upon him. some of the most striking of her own char-
acteristics ; particularly her uncommon love of order and pro-
priety, even in the most minute concerns, and her uncompro-
mising adherence to her own convictions of truth and right.
In his early boyhood he evinced the utmost eagerness in the
pursuit of knowledge, and never suffered any opportunity for
intellectual improvement to escape him. At the age of four-
teen, he ventured to ask his father to furnish him with the
means of a collegiate education ; but, in consideration of
his somewhat straitened circumstances, he felt constrained
to deny the request. By a subsequent marriage, however, his
circumstances were improved ; and the new mother of young
Brown, with most commendable generosity, assumed the pecu-
niary responsibility of his going to college. He always cher-
ished the most grateful recollection of her kindness ; and, but
a few days before his death, he said to her with the deepest
filial sensibility, " My dear mother, whatever good I have
done in the world, and whatever honor I have received, I owe
it all to you."
In his sixteenth year he became a member of Atkinson
Academy, then under the care of the Hon. John Vose, and
118 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
among the most respectable institutions of the kind in New
England. His instructor has rendered the following testi-
mony concerning him at that period : " Though he made no
pretensions to piety during his residence at the academy, he
was exceedingly amiable in his affections and moral in his de-
portment. It is very rare we find an individual in whom so
many excellencies centre. To a sweet disposition was united
a strong mind ; to an accuracy which examined the minutiae
of everything a depth of investigation which penetrated the
most profound. I recollect that when I wrote recommending
him to college, I informed Dr. Wheelock I had sent him an
Addison."
Of the formation of his religious character little more is
known than that it was of silent, yet steady growth. It was
not till the year that he became a tutor in college that he
made a public profession of his faith, by connecting himself
with the church in his native place.
In the spring of 1802 he joined the Freshman class of
Dartmouth College, and, during the whole period of his col-
legiate course, was a model of persevering diligence, of gentle
and winning manners, and pure and elevated morality. From
college he carried with him the respect and love of both
teachers and students. Having spent the year succeeding his
graduation as a private tutor in the family of the venerable
Judge Paine, of Williamstown, Vt., he was appointed to a
tutorship in the college at which he had graduated. This of-
fice he accepted, and for three years discharged its duties with
great ability and fidelity, while, at the same time, he was pur-
suing theological studies with reference to his future profes-
sion.
Having received license to preach from the Grafton Associ-
ation, he resigned his tutorship at the Commencement in
1809, with a view to give himself solely to the work of the
ministry. After declining several flattering applications for
his services, he accepted an invitation from the' Congrega-
tional Church in North Yarmouth, Me., to become their pas-
tor; and he was accordingly ordained there on his birthday,
January 11, 1810. Within a few months from this time, he
was chosen Professor of Languages at Dartmouth College ;
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 119
but this appointment he was pleased, greatly to the joy of.
his parishioners, to decline. For the succeeding five years he
labored with great zeal and success among his people, while
his influence was sensibly felt in sustaining and advancing the
interests of learning and religion throughout the State. He
was the intimate friend of the lamented President Appleton ;
and no one, perhaps, cooperated with the president more vig-
rously than he, in increasing the resources and extending the
influence of Bowdoin College.
He was inaugurated President of Dartmouth College, on
the 27th of September, 1815.
During the period when the college controversy was at its
height, and it seemed difficult to predict its issue, Mr. Brown
was invited to the presidency of Hamilton College, a re-
spectable and flourishing institution in the State of New
York. He did not, however, feel at liberty to accept the in-
vitation, considering himself so identified with the college
with which he was then connected that he must share either
its sinking or rising fortunes.
President Brown's labors were too severe for his constitu-
tion. He was not only almost constantly engaged during the
week in the instruction and general supervision of the college,
but most of his Sabbaths were spent in preaching to destitute
congregations in the neighborhood ; and, during his vacations,
he was generally traveling with a view to increase the col-
lege funds. Soon after the Commencement in 1818, he began
to show some symptoms of pulmonary disease, and these
symptoms continued, and assumed a more aggravated form,
under the best medical prescriptions. His last effort in the
pulpit was at Thetford, Vt., October 6, 1818. In the hope
of recovering from his disease, he traveled into the western
part of New York, but no substantial relief was obtained. In
the fall of 1819, with a view to try the effect of a milder cli-
mate, he journeyed as far south as South Carolina and
Georgia, where he spent the following winter and spring.
He returned in the month of June, and, though he was
greeted by his friends and pupils with the most affectionate
welcome, they all saw, from his pallid countenance and ema-
ciated form, that he had only come home to die. As he was
120 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
unable to appear in public, he invited the Senior class, who
were about to leave college at the commencement of their last
vacation, to visit him in his chamber ; and there he addressed
to them, with the solemnity of a spirit just ready to take its
flight, the most pertinent and affectionate farewell counsels,
which they received with every expression of gratitude, ven-
eration, and love. In his last days and hours he evinced the
most humble, trusting, child-like spirit, willing to live as long
as God was pleased to detain him, but evidently considering
it far better to depart and be with Christ. His last words
were, " Glorious Redeemer, take my spirit." He died 'July
27, 1820.
His wife Elisabeth, daughter of the Rev. Tristram Gilman,
a lady whose fine intellectual, moral, and Christian qualities
adorned every station in which she was placed, survived him
many years, and died on the 5th of September, 1851. They
had three children, one of whom, Samuel Gilman [now Presi-
dent Brown], is a professor in Dartmouth College.
The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon Pres-
ident Brown by both Hamilton and Williams Colleges, in
1819.
The following is a list of President Brown's published
works : " An Address on Music," delivered before the Handel
Society of Dartmouth College, 1809. " The Faithful Stew-
ard : " A Sermon delivered at the ordination of Allen Greeley,
1810. " A Sermon delivered before the Maine Missionary
Society, 1814." " Calvin and Calvinism ; " defended against
certain injurious representations contained in a pamphlet en-
titled " A Sketch of the Life and Doctrine of the Celebrated
John Calvin ; " of which Rev. Martin Ruter claims to be the
author, 1815. " A Reply to the Rev. Martin Ruter's Letter
relating to Calvin and Calvinism, 1815." " A Sermon de-
livered at Concord before the Convention of Congregational
and Presbyterian Ministers of New Hampshire, 1818."
The following is from Prof. Charles B. Haddock, D. D. :
" My acquaintance with the President was, for the most part,
that- of a pupil with his teacher ; an undergraduate with the
head of the college. And yet it was somewhat more than
this; for it was my happiness, during my Senior year, to have
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 121
lodgings in the same house with him, and to eat at the same
table, in the family of one of the professors, and as one of a
small circle, all connected with college, and a good deal re-
markable for the freedom and vivacity of their conversation.
After graduating, I saw him only occasionally, until the last
few months of his life, which he passed here, near the close of
my first year's residence at the college as a teacher, months
in which the greatness of his character was still more signally
manifest than in any other circumstances in which I had seen
him.
" In recording my youthful impressions of so uncommon a
personage, I may, therefore, hope to be thought to speak not
altogether without knowledge, though it should be with en-
thusiasm.
" Dr. Brown came to preside over the college at the age of
less than thirty-two, and in circumstances to attract unusual
attention to his administration. It was during a violent con-
test of opposing parties for the control of its affairs, and im-
mediately after the removal of his predecessor from office.
His qualifications and his official acts were, of course, exposed
to severe scrutiny, and could command the respect of the
community at large only by approving themselves to the can-
did judgment even of the adverse party. And I suppose it
would be admitted, even in New Hampshire, that no man
ever commended himself to general favor, I may say to gen-
eral admiration, by a wiser, more prudent, or more honorable
bearing, amid the greatest and most trying difficulties. In-
deed, such was his conduct of affairs, and such the nobleness
of his whole character, as displayed in his intercourse with
the government of the State, with a rival institution under
the public authority, and with all classes of men, that not a
few. who began with zeal for the college over which he pre-
sided, came at last to act even more from zeal for the MAN
who presided over it.
" The mind of Dr. Brown was of the very highest order,
profound, comprehensive, and discriminating. Its action was
deliberate, circumspect, and sure. He made no mistakes ; ha
left nothing in doubt where certainty was possible ; he never
conjectured where there were means of knowledge ; he had
122 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
no obscure glimpses among his ideas of truth and duty. Al-
ways sound and always luminous, his opinions were never
uttered without being understood, and never understood with-
out being regarded. There was a dignity and weight in his
judgments which seem to me not unlike what constitutes the
patriarchal authority of Washington and Marshall.
" If not already a man of learning, in the larger sense of that
term, it was only because the duties of the pastoral relation
had so long attracted his attention to the objects of more par-
ticular interest in his profession. Had his life been spared,
however, he would have been learned in the highest and
rarest sense. His habits of study were liberal, patient, and
eminently philosophical ; and within the sphere which his in-
quiries covered, his knowledge was accurate and choice, and
his taste faultless. The entire form of his literary character
was beautiful strong without being dogmatic ; delicate
without being fastidious.
" His heart was large. Great objects alone could fill it ; and
it was full of great objects. There was no littleness of
thought, or purpose, or ambition, in him nothing little.
The range of his literary sympathies was as wide as the world
of mind ; his benevolence as universal as the wants of man.
" His person was commanding. Gentle in his manners, affa-
ble, courteous, he yet, unconsciously, partly by the natural
dignity of his figure, and still more by the greatness visibly
impressed on his features, exacted from us all a deference, a
veneration even, that seemed as natural as it was inevitable.
His very presence was a restraint upon everything like levity
or frivolity, and diffused a thoughtful and composed, if not
always grave, air about him, which, never ceasing to be cheer-
ful and bright, never failed to dignify the objects of pursuit
and elevate the intercourse of life. A gentleman in the prim-
itive sense of the word, he was, without seeking to be thought
so, always felt to be of a superior order of men.
" On the whole, it has been my fortune to know no man
whose entire character has appeared to me so near perfection,
none, whom it would so satisfy me in all things to resem-
ble.
" How much we lost in him it is now impossible to estimate,
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 123
and it would, perhaps, be useless to know. His early death ex-
tinguished great hopes. But his memory is a treasure, which
even death cannot take from us."
Hon. Rnfus Choate writes thus : " It happened that my
whole time at college coincided with the period of President
Brown's administration. He was inducted into office in the
autumn of 1815, my Freshman year, and he died in the sum-
mer of 1820. It is not the want, therefore, but the throng, of
recollections of him that creates any difficulty in complying
with your request. He was still young at the time of his in-
auguration not more than thirty-one and he had passed
those few years, after having been for three of them a tutor
in Dartmouth College, in the care of a parish in North Yar-
mouth, in Maine ; but he had already, in an extraordinary de-
gree, dignity of person and sentiment ; rare beauty, almost
youthful beauty, of countenance ; a sweet, deep, commanding
tone of voice ; a grave but graceful and attractive demeanor
all the traits and all the qualities, completely ripe, which
make up and express weight of character ; and all the address
and firmness and knowledge of youth, men, and affairs which
constitute what we call administrative talent. For that form
of talent, and for the greatness which belongs to character, he
was doubtless remarkable. He must have been distinguished
for this among the eminent. From his first appearance be-
fore the students on the day of his inauguration, when he
delivered a brief and grave address in Latin, prepared we
were told, the evening before, until they followed the bier,
mourning, to his untimely grave, he governed them perfectly
and always, through their love and veneration : the love and
veneration of the 4 willing soul.' Other arts of government
were, indeed, just then, scarcely practicable. The college was
in a crisis which relaxed discipline, and would have placed a
weak instructor, or an instructor unbeloved, or loved with no
more than ordinary regard, in the power of classes which
would have abused it. It was a crisis which demanded a
great man for President, and it found such an one in him. In
1816, the Legislature of New Hampshire passed the acts
which changed the Charter of the institution, abolished the
old corporation of Trustees, created a new one, extinguished
124 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
the legal identity of the college, and reconstructed it or set
up another under a different and more ambitious name and a
different government. The old Trustees, with President
Brown at their head, denied the validity of these acts, and
resisted their administration. A dominant political party had
passed or adopted them ; and thereupon a controversy arose
between the college and a majority of the State ; conducted
in part in the courts of law of New Hampshire, and of the
Union ; in part by the press ; sometimes by the students of
the old institution and the new in personal collision, or the
menace of personal collision, within the very gardens of the
academy ; which was not terminated until the Supreme
Court of the United States adjudged the acts unconstitu-
tional and void. This decision was pronounced in 1819 ; and
then, and not till then, had President Brown peace, a brief
peace made happy by letters, by religion, by the conscious-
ness of a great duty performed for law, for literature, and for
the Constitution, happy even in prospect of premature
death. This contest tried him and the college with extreme
and various severity. To induce students to remain in a
school disturbed and menaced ; to engage and inform public
sentiment, the true patron and effective founder, by show-
ing forth that the principles of a sound political morality, as
well as of law, prescribed the action of the old Trustees ; to
confer with the counsel of the college, two of whom Mr.
Mason and Mr. Webster have often declared to me their
admiration of the intellectual force and practical good sense
which he brought to those conferences, this all, while it
withdrew him somewhat from the proper studies and proper
cares of his office, created a necessity for the display of the
very rarest qualities of temper, discretion, tact, and command,
and he met it with consummate ability and fortune. One of
his addresses to the students in the chapel at the darkest mo-
ment of the struggle, presenting the condition and prospects
of the college, and the embarrassments of all kinds which
surrounded its instructors, and appealing to the manliness and
affection and good principles of the students to help i by what-
soever things were honest, lovely, or of good report,' occurs to
recollection as of extraordinary persuasiveness and influence.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 125
" There can be no doubt that he had very eminent intellect-
ual ability, true love of the beautiful in all things, and a taste
trained to discover, enjoy, and judge it, and that his acquire-
ments were competent and increasing. It was the ' keenness '
of his mind of which Mr. Mason always spoke to me as re-
markable in any man of any profession. He met him only
in consultation as a client ; but others, students, all nearer
his age, and admitted to his fuller intimacy, must have been
struck rather with the sobriety and soundness of his thoughts,
the solidity and large grasp of his understanding, and the
harmonized culture of all its parts. He wrote a pure and clear
English style, and he judged of elegant literature with a cath-
olic and appreciative but chastised taste. The recollections
o'f a student of the learning of a beloved and venerated presi-
dent of a college, whom he sees only as a boy sees a man, and
his testimony concerning it, will have little value ; but I know
that he was esteemed an excellent Greek and Latin scholar,
and our recitations of Horace, which the poverty of the college
and the small number of its teachers induced him to superin-
tend, though we were Sophomores only, were the most agree-
able and instructive exercises of the whole college classical
course.
u Of studies more professional he seemed master. Locke,
Stewart, with whose liberality and tolerance and hopeful and
rational philanthropy he sympathized warmly, Butler, Ed-
wards, and the writers on natural law and moral philosophy,
he expounded with the ease and freedom of one habitually
trained and wholly equal to these larger meditations.
" His term of office was short and troubled ; but the histo-
rian of the college will record of his administration a two-fold
honor ; first, that it was marked by a noble vindication of its
chartered rights ; and second, that it was marked also by a
real advancement of its learning ; by collections of ampler
libraries, and by displays of a riper scholarship."
CHAPTER XIV.
PROGRESS FROM 1820 TO 1828. ADMINISTRATIONS OF PRESI-
DENT DANA AND PRESIDENT TYLER.
IT was not an easy matter, especially in the impoverished
condition of the college, to find a worthy successor of Presi-
dent Brown.
During the period of President Brown's illness, and at dif-
ferent periods after his death, Professor Ebenezer Adams, a
gentleman of decided and energetic character, and (in years)
the senior professor in the college, was acting president.
Rev. Daniel Dana of Newburyport, Massachusetts, was
elected the fourth president of the college in August, 1820.
The substance of the next few pages is from the " Life of
President Dana," published in 1866.
The following is one of many letters addressed to him,
urging his acceptance of the presidency :
" DARTMOUTH COLLEGE, Sept. 7, 1820.
" REV. AND DEAR Sift : Not having heard from any of
our friends what is the prospect in regard to your acceptance
of the appointment made by our Trustees, I cannot help
troubling you with a line.
" I need not tell you that our solicitude would rise to ex-
treme distress were we seriously apprehensive that you might
decide in the negative. Oh, sir, remember the desolations of
Zion here, and have compassion. The friends of the college
look to you, and to you only, to repair the waste places.
When you know that the voice of the Trustees conspires with
that of the clergy and of the public at large, and when this
same voice is echoed from the tomb of our late beloved and
much lamented President Brown, can you hesitate ? That
good man, in his last days, with almost the confidence and
REV. DANIEL DANA, D. D.
(> .v\ v,
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 127
ardor of prophecy, declared his belief in the future prosperity
and usefulness of Dartmouth College. You have, I hope,
been informed of the strong manner in which he, last autumn,
expressed himself in relation to a successor ; and of the same
decided and unwavering opinion which came from his mouth
a few days before his death. 4 1 have,' said he, 4 but one can-
didate, and that is Dr. Dana. Whom do they talk of for a
successor ? My opinion is exactly the same as when I con-
versed with you last fall.'
" I do pray, my dear sir, that Divine Providence may not
permit you to fail of coming.
" I should be grieved if, on making the trial, you should
not find yourself pleasantly situated here. I verily believe
that you would find a disposition on the part of the people of
the village, including all the. college Faculty, to render your
situation comfortable and pleasant.
44 We shall watch every mail and ask every friend, till we
learn the decision, or rather what we may expect the decision
to be. With great respect,
44 Your obedient servant,
44 R. D. M."i
What is here stated as to President Brown, was also true of
President Appleton of Bowdoin College. Each had desired
that Dr. Dana should be his successor. No stronger proof
could be given of the confidence felt in him, than these con-
current last wishes of two such men. Each had brought to
the office he held not merely intellectual preeminence, but a
dignity and elevation of character, and a singleness of purpose,
rarely equaled ; and to each the future welfare of the institu-
tion over which he presided was an object of the deepest solic-
itude.
Dr. Dana's letter of acceptance is as follows :
" To THE R.EV. AND HONORABLE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF DART-
MOUTH COLLEGE,
44 GENTLEMEN : I have received, with deep sensibility,
not unmingled with surprise, the notice of the appointment
1 Professor R. D. Mussey.
128 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
with which you have honored me, to the presidency of the
institution under your care.
" The consideration of a subject of such magnitude has been
attended with no small degree of perplexity and distress.
" The character and objects of Dartmouth College ; its in-
timate connection with the great interests of the Church and
of human society ; the important services it has long rendered
to both ; its recent arduous struggle for existence, with the
attending embarrassments, and auspicious issue ; the claims it
possesses on the community, and especially on its own sons ;
the unanimity of your suffrages in the present case ; these
with other affecting circumstances have been carefully consid-
ered, and I trust duly appreciated.
" Considerations of a different kind have likewise presented.
My long and intimate connection with a most beloved and
affectionate people a connection rendered interesting not
only by its duties and delights but by its very solicitudes and
afflictions a diffidence of my powers to meet the expectations
of the Trustees, and the demands of the college ; the exchange,
at my age, of a sphere whose duties, though arduous and ex-
hausting, are yet familiar, for another in which new duties,
new responsibilities, new anxieties arise ; in which likewise
success is uncertain, and failure would be distressing these
considerations, with a variety of others scarcely possible to be
detailed, have at times come over me with an almost appalling
influence.
" In these circumstances I have not dared trust my feelings,
nor even my judgment, with the decision of the case.
" One resource remained, to seek advice through the
regular ecclesiastical channel and this with a full determi-
nation to consider the judgment of the presbytery as the most
intelligible expression which I could hope to obtain of the
mind and will of Heaven, respecting my dutyj to this meas-
ure my church and people gave their consent.
" The presbytery having determined, by nearly a unani-
mous vote, in favor of the dissolution of my pastoral relation,
and my acceptance of the appointment, my duty is of course
decided. I now, therefore, declare my compliance with your
invitation.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 129
" I devote the residue of my life to the interests of the in-
stitution committed to your care.
44 This I do with deep solicitude, yet not without an ani-
mating hope that He whose prerogative and glory it is to
operate important effects by feeble instruments, may be
pleased, even through me, to give a blessing to a seminary
which has so signally enjoyed His protecting and fostering
care.
" Providence permitting, I shall be at Hanover on the fourth
Wednesday of the present month, with a view to attend the
solemnities of inauguration. It will then be necessary, con-
sidering the advanced season, and other circumstances, for me
to return without delay, that I may arrange my affairs and
remove my family.
44 Gentlemen, my resolution on this great subject has been
taken in the full confidence of experiencing, in all future time,
what I shall so much need, your liberal candor, and your cor-
dial, energetic support. Suffer me, in addition, to request, in
my behalf, your devout supplications to Him who is the
Father of Lights and the munificent bestower of every bless-
ing.
44 1 am, gentlemen, with every sentiment of esteem and re-
spect,
44 Your devoted friend and servant,
44 DANIEL DANA.
" NEWBURTPORT, Oct. 3, 1820."
44 Allusion is made in his farewell sermon at Newburyport,
to his 4 recently impaired health.' This was premonitory.
Scarcely had he removed his family to Hanover, and entered
on his new duties, before the crisis came to which, doubtless,
the wasting cares and anxieties of preceding years and the
recent severe pressure upon his sensibilities, had been silently
but inevitably tending. His health gave way, and great de-
pression of spirits accompanied his bodily languor. He took
more than one long journey in the vain effort to recruit his
energies. He writes to a friend of being 4 in a state of great
and very uncommon debility, undoubtedly to be attributed to
the protracted operation of distressing causes, both on mind
and frame.' He also states, that, whilst absent from Hano-
9
130 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
ver in accordance with the advice of his physician, he still
hoped to be able, after his strength was recruited, to accom-
plish something in the matter of soliciting aid to the funds of
the college ; a work which, however uncongenial to his tastes,
he found would necessarily be devolved on its president.
" The winter months passed by, and there was still little or
no improvement in his health. When it became known that
he was agitating the question of resigning his office, many ur-
gent requests were made to him not to decide hastily. He
delayed only till April, and then called a meeting of the Trus-
tees, to be held early in May, for the purpose of receiving and
acting upon his resignation of his office. He wished it to be
considered as 'absolute and final.' The notification to a
member of the Board with whom he was specially intimate,
was accompanied by a letter in which he says :
" 4 You will naturally conclude that the resolution which I
have taken has cost me many a struggle, and much severe
distress. This is the fact. The last seven months have been
with me a scene of suffering indeed. I have fondly hoped
that repeated journeyings would give me relief. But their
effect has been only partial and temporary. Such is my
prostration at this moment, that the duties of my office, and
not less its cares and its responsibilities, seem a burden quite
beyond my power of bearing. Had it pleased God to make
me an instrument of important good to the college, I should
have esteemed myself privileged indeed; but this privilege,
though denied to me, awaits, I confidently hope, some more
favored instrument of the Divine benevolence. I earnestly
pray, that, in what pertains to this great concern, the Trus-
tees may be favored with much heavenly wisdom and direc-
tion.'
" He now took a long journey to Ohio, visiting at Athens the
brother who had been the companion of his early years. Un-
der these favorable influences, his health began more decidedly
to improve. At their meeting, July 4, the Trustees of the
college, by unanimous resolution, requested him to withdraw
his resignation ; but he declined to do so, though * gratefully
acknowledging the kindness expressed in their communica-
tion.'
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 131
44 Many years after these events, the Rev. Dr. Lord, so long
and so honorably the president of Dartmouth College, thus
referred to Dr. Dana's connection with the institution :
" 4 He was chosen president for his well-known excellence as
a scholar and theologian, and his extraordinary ministerial
qualifications. He was honored the country over, in these
respects. It was not doubted that he would be equally hon-
orable as president of the college, should his health endure.
44 4 That he would have been, had he been able to retain his
place, everybody well understood, as well from his auspicious
beginning, as his distinguished qualities. He made a deep
impression upon the college during the short period of his
actual service.
44 4 But his sensitive nature had received a great shock in
the breaking up of his many and most endearing relations at
Newburyport and the country around. He began here with
health seriously impaired, and in great depression of spirit.
The change of scene, of society, labor, and responsibility, was
too much for his disordered frame. He sought relief by
travel. But he gained little or nothing, and was driven to
the conclusion that his life could probably be saved only by
resignation. He could not consent to make such an office as
he held a sinecure, or to see the college labor through its se-
vere adversities without greater vigor of administration than
his infirmities admitted. With great conscientiousness and
magnanimity, he chose to put himself at a seeming disadvan-
tage, rather than to risk the interests of the college upon what
he judged to be the doubtful chances of his recovery.
44 4 He left with the profound respect and sincere regret of
the Trustees and Faculty. Their confidence in him was un-
shaken ; and they never doubted, that, had he been more
favorable to himself, and borne his new burdens with less
solicitude, till he could regain his health, he would have been
as distinguished here as elsewhere, and raised the college to a
corresponding usefulness and dignity.
44 4 Most men judge superficially and unwisely in such cases.
So far as I know, the most competent judges of Dr. Dana's
relations to Dartmouth see nothing that does not redound to
his honor. It is understood that he accepted the presidency
132 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
with great reluctance, on account of his other responsibilities
and attachments, and with distrust of his physical ability to
perform its duties ; that, while he performed them, it was
with characteristic ability and effect ; and that, when his best
efforts to regain his health failed, and he saw reason to fear,
that, even if his life should not be a sacrifice, his increasing
infirmities would be to the disadvantage of a struggling insti-
tution, he generously, and entirely of his own accord, resigned.
To my apprehension, all this is significant of great moral
strength under the pressure of bodily disease, and a memor-
able instance of that Christian heroism for which he has al-
ways been remarkable. " Maluit esse quam videri bonus."
The subsequent labors of President Dana in the ministry,
and the high esteem of all who best knew him till his death,
August 26, 1859, are matters of permanent record. His first
wife, Mrs. Elizabeth (Coombs) Dana, and the second, Mrs.
Sarah (Emery) Dana, had died previous to his residence at
Hanover.
President Dana's brief but earnest labors for the college
having closed in 1821, the fifth president was Rev. Bennet
Tyler, who was called from a pastorate in Southbury, Conn.
We quote in substance some passages relating to this sub-
ject from his " Memoir," by his son-in-law, Rev. Nab urn
Gale, D. D.
" Early in 1822, Mr. Tyler was appointed president of
Dartmouth College. It was to him a mystery why he should
be selected for that station. Located in a retired country
parish, he had been devoted to the duties of the ministry,
and had paid little attention to science or literature. He was
strongly attached to his people and his home, for there had
arisen, as ' olive plants,' around his table, three sons and four
daughters.
" But he was recommended to the Trustees of Dartmouth
by Dr. Porter, of Andover, and others, in whose judgment he
had great confidence ; his brethren around him in the minis-
try, and the consociation with which he was connected, be-
lieved it to be his duty to accept the appointment. Accord-
ingly, he broke away from an endeared people, was inaugu-
rated at Dartmouth in March, and entered upon the duties
REV. BENNET TYLER, D. D.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 133
of his office the following June. In the autumn of 1822, the
newly-elected president was honored by the degree of D. D.,
from Middlebury College. Of his connection with Dart-
mouth College, Dr. Tyler has left the following record :
" 4 1 was among strangers, and engaged in duties to which I
was unaccustomed. But I found myself surrounded by able
professors, who treated me with great kindness, and rendered
me all the assistance in their power. My situation was much
more pleasant than I anticipated ; and through the assistance
of a gracious Providence, I was enabled to discharge the du-
ties which devolved upon me with acceptance. I have never
had any reason to doubt that I was in the path of duty when
I accepted the appointment. My labor in the service of the
college, I humbly trust, was not altogether in vain. I had
the satisfaction to know that I left it in a more prosperous
condition than I found it. It was no part of my duty, as
president of the college, to preach on the Sabbath ; but the
health of the professor of Divinity failing soon after my inau-
guration, I found it necessary to supply his place ; and during
the whole period of my presidency I preached a considerable
part of the time. In the year 1826, there was a very interest-
ing revival of religion, both among the students and the in-
habitants of the village, which will be remembered by not a
few, while " immortality endures."
" ' I was connected with the college six years ; and, although
I never felt so much at home as in the duties of the ministry,
still I had no serious thoughts of relinquishing my station, till,
very unexpectedly, I received a call from the Second Church
in Portland. When I received this call, I felt a new desire
for the duties and joys of the pastoral life, and believing I
could resign my office without putting in jeopardy the inter-
ests of the college, I concluded to do so. I parted with the
Trustees, Faculty, and students, with feelings of great cordial-
ity, and I had reason to believe that the feelings were recipro-
cated.'
" The following letter from the venerable Professor Shurt-
leff, addressed to Rev. John E. Tyler, will give the impressions
of one associated with Dr. Tyler during his presidency at
Hanover.
134 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
"HANOVER, N. H., September 22, 1858.
" REVEREND AND VERY DEAR FRIEND : Permit me thus
to address you ; for I can truly say that I regarded you with
much interest and affection during the whole time of your
residence here, and I may also add that your venerated pa-
rents had no friends in Hanover more sincere and ardent than
Mrs. Shurtleff and myself.
" When your dear father was appointed president of Dart-
mouth College, he had been little heard of in New Hamp-
shire, rfis first appearance, however, was very prepossessing,
and his preaching was much admired. His popularity was so
general in this region, that a gentleman of a neighboring
town inquired, 4 Why, if he is such a man as they say, was he
not heard of before ? ' To which I replied, if you will allow
me to quote my own words, that 4 the Lord had kept him
concealed in an obscure parish for a blessing to our college.'
The impression which his first appearance made was not low-
ered by further acquaintance. I do not recollect hearing a
complaint of him from any member of the college. All his
intercourse with them was tempered with the utmost kind-
ness, while he was punctual and faithful in every official duty.
I think he originated the project of raising, by subscription,
a fund of ten thousand dollars for the aid of indigent students
seeking an education for the ministry.
" This object he not only conceived, but completed by his
own personal efforts. For this, as well as for other services,
he should be gratefully remembered by the college, by the
church, and by the public.
" But the religious influence of Dr. Tyler, while president
of Dartmouth, will never be forgotten. In the summer of
1825, the professor of Divinity was arrested by a severe and
protracted affection of the lungs. The president at once took
the services of the sanctuary ; and the following spring term
was rendered memorable by a revival of religion, which is-
sued in adding to the Lord many students and inhabitants of
the village.
" During his residence here we had a class of students in
their professional studies, who wished to enter the ministry
earlier than they could by entering a public seminary. We
DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 135
met with them once in a week, heard their dissertations on
subjects that had been assigned, and each of us spoke on the
performances, and on the subjects. The young gentlemen
were all licensed to preach after about two years, and became
useful ministers of the gospel. By these exercises, as well as
by long intimacy, I was .convinced that Dr. Tyler had pecu-
liarly clear and discriminating views of the doctrines of the
gospel, and an uncommon facility in explaining and defending
them ; and I have often remarked in years past, that with
the exception of my friend, Dr. Woods, of Andover, I would
sooner recommend him to young men as a teacher of Theology
than any other clergyman in the circle of my acquaintance.
" With many pleasing reminiscences, I remain your friend
and brother in the gospel, ROSWELL SHURTLEFF."
Dr. Asa D. Smith writes thus :
"NEW YORK, December 14, 1858.
. J. E. TYLER,
" MY DEAR SIR : You ask for my recollections of your hon-
ored father, as president of my Alma Mater. I regret that I
can furnish but little in that relation. He remained at the
head of the institution some two years only after I was ma-
triculated.
" The two lower classes had, of course, much less inter-
course with him than those more advanced. You could
doubtless obtain more ample information from those who
were Seniors under him, and who had more largely the benefit
of his instruction. Such impressions as I have, however, I
am happy to give.
" It was when a member of Kimball Union Academy, in
preparation for college, if I mistake not, that I first set eyes
on his commanding form, and listened to the impressive tones
of his voice. That academy, as you know, is about a dozen
miles from Hanover. Not long before the graduation of one
of its classes, ,he visited the place, and preached 'on the Sab-
bath. It is not impossible that his visit had some reference
to the fact that there were among us so many candidates for
college life. It was, at all events, well for Dartmouth that he
came. Judging from the influence on my mind, I cannot
136 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
doubt that not a few were the more inclined, for what they
saw of him, to connect themselves with the institution over
which he presided.
" It was the year before I entered college, I think, that is,
in 1825-26, that Dartmouth was blessed with one of the most
remarkable revivals of religion it has ever enjoyed. Trans-
formations of character were wrought then which have borne
the test of decades of years. Some of the finest minds in col-
lege were brought under the power of the gospel minds
that have since shone as bright lights in the world.
" When I entered the college, I found him dignified, yet
affable and fatherly in his bearing. His preaching then, as
we often heard him in the village church, was marked by the
same simplicity, clearness, and logical force, the same scrip-
turalness, fullness of doctrine, and evangelical earnestness,
that characterized his subsequent ministrations. He preached
not to the fancy, but to the conscience and the heart. He
confined not himself to hortatory appeals, nor did he, in any
wise, skim over the surface of things ; but, as both rny notes
and recollections of his college sermons assure me, he was a t
to handle, and that vigorously, the high topics of theology.
He gave us not milk alone, but strong meat. Yet have I sel-
dom known a man so remarkable for making an abstruse sub-
ject plain to every hearer."
Rev. George Punchard, of Boston, and Rev. Nathaniel
Folsom, D. D., professor in Meadville College, Pa., have fur-
nished their recollections respecting the revival in Dartmouth
College, in the year 1826, to which allusion is made by Dr.
Smith.
The former says :
"BOSTON, February 16, 1859.
" REV. JOHN E. TYLER,
" MY DEAR SIR : Your venerable father was president of
Dartmouth College during my whole collegiate course from
1822 to 1826. My earliest recollections of him are those only
which a thoughtless boy of sixteen would be likely to have of
a grave and reverend divine, and are of little value.
" It was not until near the close of my college life that I
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 137
began really to know him. At that time the college was vis-
ited by a revival of religion of uncommon power, and my rev-
erend president suddenly awoke (at least to my view) in an
entirely new character.
" He came to the students with a power and unction which
were quite irresistible, and manifested a depth of religious
feeling for us which made us at once love him arid admire
him. He seemed to have found his appropriate sphere of la-
bor ; to have got into an atmosphere which filled his soul and
body with life and energy ; to have work to do which was
congenial, which he loved, and which he knew how to do as
few men did. He was. at once a son of thunder and a son of
consolation. His discourses, which had always been able and
instructive, and characterized by simplicity of arrangement
and neatness and purity of style, had now the additional at-
traction of an animated and energetic delivery.
" And yet, perhaps, the conference room and the prayer-
meeting were the places in which, at that time, Dr. Tyler
specially excelled. He was naturally rather heavy and leth-
argic in his manner of speaking, and it required a good deal
to excite and warm him thoroughly. But the scenes and du-
ties incident to a powerful revival of religion, in which a hun-
dred or more young men were more or less interested, sup-
plied the necessary stimulus, and the strong man was fully
waked up, and in his extemporaneous addresses particularly,
poured out streams of Christian eloquence which he seldom
equaled in his more carefully prepared public discourses, and
which few men whom I have ever heard, could excel or
equal.
" His labors, however, were not confined to the pulpit and
the conference meeting. He cheerfully and heartily did the
work of a pastor among the students, going from room to
room, instructing and exhorting his beloved pupils, and pray-
ing with them. He was among us, not as the grave and dig-
nified head of the college, but rather as a loving, anxious
father, seeking to instruct and save his children ; or, as an
elder brother, tenderly solicitous for our spiritual welfare.
He was gentle among us, even as a nurse cherisheth her chil-
dren. And God, I verily believe, gave him spiritual children
138 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
from among our number, as the reward of his fidelity ; chil-
dren who never ceased to love him while he lived, and who
will cherish his memory with gratitude to their dying
hours."
Professor Folsom says :
" Dartmouth College was fortunate in getting Mr. Tyler to
stand in the line of its excellent presidents. Each of them
was different from the rest in special qualifications, in work
performed, in kind and force of influence exerted ; but each
did what made his administration an important period in the
history of the college, and .extended its fame and usefulness.
Dr. Tyler was inferior to none of them in the depth and ex-
tent to which he affected the character of the students for
good, and through them, wherever the Divine Providence
called them to live and labor, promoted the welfare of the
country ; the enlightenment and moral activity, and power,
and happiness of the people.
" His splendid physique, in which he surpassed everybody in
the region ; his noble stature and well-proportioned form ; his
head finely poised, and around it a halo of parental benignity,
its perpetual and unfading crown ; these struck every one at
first sight, and prepossessed all in his favor. I know of none
with whom to compare him in these respects except Ezekiel
Webster. In his whole spirit and mien, in look and word
and action, he was a father, and his whole administration was
parental in the best sense of the word. This benignity, as we
learn from his 4 Memoir,' marked his subsequent career as
president of the East Windsor Theological School. His bi-
ographer, taking notice of the fact that 4 the perversities of
human nature make their appearance in such institutions as
well as elsewhere,' observes that ' the strong affections of the
father in him occasionally swayed the firmness of the tutor
and governor, and rendered him indulgent and yielding in
cases where there was call for the peremptory and authorita-
tive.' In the first two years of our college life, from the fall
of 1824 to the spring of 1826, two or three instances of wrong-
doing passed unnoticed which perhaps deserved such a mode
of treatment. There were, moreover, it is to be confessed,
irregularities and bad practices among students in all the
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 139
classes at that period, but they were exceptional, so far as my
knowledge of them extended, and would have required a sys-
tem of espionage to detect them, or informers from the guilty
ones themselves. Dartmouth however, at its worst, in that
period, was not one whit behind any other college in New
England, in its general tone of morals, in observance of law,
in habits of study and in scholarly attainments. There were
not a few whose sense of honor was very high, and as they
were popular and influential, they in some degree necessarily
gave tone to others. Nay, surrounded by such an atmosphere
of benignity of which every student was more or less con-
scious, feeling it not only in the presence of the president, bat
also more or less in our connection with every other officer of
the college without exception I think there was far less
tendency to excess, far less of the irritation of inclination
against prohibition of law ; and assuredly there was never
apparent a disposition to rebel from hope of impunity through
the recognized forbearance of our teachers.
" In the spring of the year 1826, a higher influence was
brought to bear, reinforcing and extending the moral element
throughout the college ; recovering not a few from irregular-
ities of conduct and waste of talent ; awakening the religious
nature; giving birth to new motives, and leading many to
noble and useful lives. From that period until our class grad-
uated in 1828, I cannot recall an act deserving special even
animadversion, nor remember an instance of a student obnox-
ious to discipline for indolent or other censurable habits.
But I remember several young men of exemplary deportment
and distinguished ability, among them Salmon P. Chase,
who though not publicly regarded as ' subjects of the work,'
were greatly affected, their future being largely determined by
it. They all subsequently exhibited deep moral and religious
purpose, and were foremost in philanthropic action. With-
out the preaching of Dr. Tyler as its great instrument, and
without such a man presiding over it, and guiding it, there
is no reason to suppose that the revival would have taken
place, or would have been so extensive and powerful.
" It is by looking at Dr. Tyler from every point of view that
we alone can form a just estimate of his qualities. His great-
140 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
est power was that of preacher, and he was most at home in
this office. He did not seek it, but it providentially came to
him in the illness of Professor Shurtleff, the professor of The-
ology, and he retired from it when in the year 1827, Professor
George Howe succeeded Professor Shurtleff. He had risen
in it to the very height of the duty he attempted to discharge,
and was majestic in it. His mode of delivery and gesture
were beyond criticism, and at times sublime. I never heard
a student speak of him in this capacity without the highest
praise ; and his power ended not simply in producing admira-
tion, but in influencing his hearers to duty. The great object
aimed at in his preaching was to induce his hearers to be will-
ing, unconditionally, to do and submit to the revealed Divine
will. He who succeeds in persuading his fellow-men to faith-
fully and perseveringly try to do this, does the highest Chris-
tian work, and most for the benefit of man. No one who has
sat in the presidential chair of Dartmouth, or of any other
college, during an equal length of time, has done more in this
direction than Bennet Tyler."
The librarian says :
" In 1819, Isaiah Thomas of Worcester, Massachusetts,
presented the college library 470 vo.lumes, which were per-
haps an equivalent for the books recently lost, as Professor
Haddock makes the statement that there were probably no
more books in 1820 than in 1815. In 1820 the Trustees ap-
propriated $400. .The three libraries at this time must have
numbered not far from 8,000 volumes. In 1826, the ' Social
Friends ' obtained a Charter, and one was granted to the
4 United Fraternity ' during the following year. These Char-
ters gave the societies the right to hold property, and transact
business, and made necessary the consent of a majority of the
existing members in order to dispose of the libraries. The
society libraries had been increasing more rapidly than the
college library, and at this time they had reached it in size as
well as exceeded it in practical value and in circulation. It
is quite noticeable that these three libraries for the twenty-
five years following were kept so nearly equal, by additions
and losses, that at no time the number of books actually upon
their shelves differed by more than a few hundred.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 141
" The work and influence of the societies was neither small
nor to be lightly estimated, and in that work the libraries had
no small share. Professor Crosby, in speaking of the college
life of the class of 1827, says : 4 The college library was small,
and had been so collected that it contained few books which
either the instructors or students wished to read. The cnief
dependence of the latter was upon the society libraries, in
which they took much pride, and to the increase of which
they contributed with so great liberality in proportion to their
means. During the first years of our course, the library of the
" United Fraternity " occupied a place in the north entry of
the college, corresponding to that of the " Social Friends "
library in the south entry. The libraries were open only on
Wednesdays and Saturdays from 1 to 2 P. M., for the delivery
and return of books, and the students at these times gathered
around the barred entrances to be waited on in turn by the
librarians and their assistants. The rooms were so small that
only three or four others were admitted at a time within the
bar for the examination of the books upon the shelves. The
opening of the philological room and of a reading-room about
the same time by the members of the " Fraternity " led to
the great enlargement of the library rooms, and great increase
of library advantages, which took place in the latter part of
our course. The aSnple rooms were now opened daily, in-
stead of twice a week, for the delivery and return of books.'
" The college library is spoken of as, at that time, being
open once in two weeks, and occupying a narrow room on the
second floor of the college."
The marked advance in the course of study and general ad-
vantages of college life, during this period, are too well known
to many living readers to require especial notice in this con-
nection. The leading facts will be developed upon succeeding
pages.
The following paragraphs from a member of Dr. Tyler's
family are worthy of perusal.
" My first recollections of importance regarding Dartmouth
College were my father's great concern for its financial inter-
ests. There was great need of money at this time for new
buildings and scientific apparatus, and no one was found will-
142 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
ing to assume the responsibility of soliciting funds except
President Tyler, who in his vacations undertook the matter,
and was eminently successful in the work. When he first
started upon his mission he called upon the late Hon. Isaac
Hill, at that time editor of the New Hampshire ' Patriot,'
which paper had been, as some thought, opposed to the inter-
ests of the college. This gentleman had attended a Com-
mencement at Dartmouth, and had an interview with the new
president, and being pleased, had spoken highly of the college
and its president in his paper. This emboldened President
Tyler to ask Mr. Hill to head the list of subscribers to the
college, and to his surprise he did so, pledging himself for one
hundred dollars. Mr. Hill's signature was worth many thou-
sands of dollars to the college.
" During one of his winter vacations, President Tyler
started with his own horse and sleigh on his mission, going
through the State of Vermont into New York. He returned
after six weeks' earnest and arduous labor, having been very
successful in his mission.
" Dr. Tyler's invaluable services to the church were con-
tinued, in various spheres, till his death May 14, 1858, his
wife, Mrs. Esther (Stone) Tyler, surviving him only one
week."
REV. NATHAN LORD, D. D.
CHAPTER XV.
INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT LORD.
REV. NATHAN LORD, D. D., of Amherst, New Hampshire,
was elected the sixth president of the college. We insert
entire his inaugural address, delivered October 29, 1828.
" The revival of learning, like that of religion, originally
effected through the instrumentality of the press, though long
hindered by the successive political convulsions and changes
of the world, is now evidently in the course of rapid advance-
ment, and is producing a deep and wide impression upon the
mass of civilized society. It is pervading all classes, and
affecting all interests. Its influence penetrates every public
and private institution, and is exciting the best energies of
the human mind, both to the invention of new methods of in-
tellectual cultivation and the application of knowledge to the
practical purposes of life. Fostered by the spirit of freedom,
which goes before to disenthral the mind from that state of
servitude in which its powers had been made to minister to
ignorant and wayward ambition, or still more cramping and
perverting superstition, it promises to gain an universal
ascendency, and to render all that influence which had
been arrayed against it, henceforth subservient only to its
triumphs.
" But it is characteristic of the human mind, when set at
liberty from ancient prejudices, and permitted to range in
search of expected good, to become extreme in its calculations
and projects of improvement, and to distract itself amidst the
variety of its experiments. And more especially when its
enterprises are favored by the encouragement of wealth, and
sustained by the indiscriminate approval of the multitude.
It is then, that overlooking the maxims of sound philosophy,
144 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
and disregarding the safe lessons of experience, it is beguiled
into the adoption of untried theories, and wastes its strength
in the prosecution of plans, which are found at length to
accord neither with the constitution of our nature nor with
the approved usages of society. I will not say, that this is a
great evil in comparison with that state of mental vassalage
and inaction in which nothing is attempted, nor even con-
ceived, for the true interests of mankind. For, the mind
unfettered, will ordinarily be corrected of its mistakes and
brought back from its wanderings, when truth is the object
of its aspirations, and happiness is the prize only of successful
effort. But we may learn from this infirmity of our nature,
to be cautious in our estimates of the good before us, and to
use that moderation in our endeavors which will leave us
nothing to regret, when their end shall have been attained.
" It will scarcely be doubted that the impulse which society
has received, particularly since the commencement of the pass-
ing century, and which has evidently been connected with
the growth of freedom in this country, has been attended
with many of these excesses, and not the least probably in
the department of education. Numerous adventurers have set
forth upon this field, with different pretensions indeed, and
unequal advantages, but all large in their expectations, and
confident of success. They have seemed to themselves almost
to realize the ideal good, to annihilate the space between bar-
barism and refinement, to find in relation to intellectual at-
tainment what experimental philosophy had sought in vain,
the mysterious agent which should transmute the baser metals
into gold.
" Without denying at all the actual advance of learning, or
disparaging the improvements which are taking place in the
arrangements and administration both of public and private
seminaries, we cannot be so fond (absit invidia verbo*) as to
accredit all the inventions of this restless age. We cannot
suppose that paths so various, which have been struck out in
the heat of competition, and systems based on principles and
conducted by methods so frequently differing from each other,
will all conduce to the purposes for which they are intended,
except as they may excite more general attention to the inter-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 145
ests of education, and furnish materials of which wisdom and
experience shall at length avail themselves, to perfect truer
and more practicable systems, suited to the intellectual and
moral nature of man, and to the various relations and inter-
ests of life. In this view, it is evident that the conduct of
public literary institutions, at the present time, is attended
with no trivial embarrassments. That expansion of the pub-
lic mind and progress of society, which necessarily take place
in a country favored with advantages of elementary instruction
and general information, will always be creating just demands
upon the higher seats of learning, which will task all their
energies, and bring into requisition all their resources. The
mass of the community, becoming more enlightened, will call
for proportionally higher qualifications in those who are sent
out to preside over the public interests, and their progress in
influence will produce a yet more powerful reaction. But to
meet these demands amidst the conflicting sectional interests
and fluctuations of public feeling, which are usually attendant
upon a state of freedom, to discriminate rightly between the
diverse systems of instruction and discipline, which are set
forth with such frequency and such earnestness of commenda-
tion ; to keep so near the public sentiment as not to lose the
confidence of the community, and yet not to follow it so im-
plicitly as to sacrifice the more desirable good of self-approba-
tion ; this is a labor which can be estimated by those only
who have had the trial of sustaining it. Institutions that
have become venerable by age, powerful in resources and
patronage, may go forward to introduce, not only accredited
improvements but doubtful changes ; and may bring the
systems, which either the wise have devised, or the popular
voice has required, to the test of actual experiment. But
feebler institutions cannot leave the ground of general princi-
ples, which, however it may be safer and ultimately more
subservient to their true interests, cannot always be easily
ascertained, and frequently fails of being approved amidst
the varying circumstances, relations, and interests of society.
" The principle which has generally obtained in regard to the
colleges of this country, of making them merely introductory
to a professional education, is one too important in its con-
10
146 DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE.
nections and results to be hastily relinquished. The corre-
spondence which usually exists between the genius of civil
governments, and the arrangement of literary institutions, has
been very happily exemplified in our system of schools, rising
in regular gradation from the primary to the professional, and
wisely accommodated to the public convenience and necessity.
This system, whatever defects may have existed in some of
its practical operations, has been found, on the whole, admira-
bly suited to the condition of society. Its parts having kept
their fair proportions, each one performing its peculiar office?
and all acting and reacting upon each other, it is out of
question that the results of the whole, in the general diffusion
of knowledge and elevation of the public character, have been
salutary to a degree unprecedented in the history of the world ;
and its general adoption, with modifications according to the
different circumstances of society, may be contemplated as
one of the surest pledges of our national prosperity. Apart
from the multiplied facilities of instruction, which upon this
system are afforded at the cheapest rate to all who would
enjoy the benefits of education, that spirit of fair and honor-
able competition, which is necessarily excited between so
many kindred institutions, would seem to insure improve-
ments proportioned to the means which are afforded them,
and prove a check upon those abuses which have usually
attended establishments of more extended influence and less
responsibility.
" But it would seem important to the continued success of
this system, that its several parts should still be kept distinct
and subordinate. I will not say that they may not subsist
harmoniously, and be conducted usefully upon the same
ground. I will not say that an university, sectional or na-
tional, that shall, in its separate colleges and halls, prepare
our youth for the various departments of life, may not con-
sist with the spirit of our civil governments, and be guarded
against the evils which have generally attended establish-
ments so complicate, and of such numerous resort. However
this may be judged, it will be found, I apprehend, the wisdom
of our scattered institutions, to preserve their individuality,
and remain true, as to their general regulations, to the pur-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 147
pose of their foundation. With respect, particularly, to the
arrangements of a college, it would seem not less true than in
regard to the efforts of an individual mind, or the operations
of a machine, that however numerous and various these
arrangements may be in detail, the most beneficial results
cannot be expected without unity of design. Between that
kind of cultivation and discipline necessary as a foundation
for professional eminence, and that which is required for suc-
cess in mercantile, mechanical, or agricultural occupation,
there is a very natural and obvious distinction. And not
only is it desirable that they who will be successful mainly
as they shall be conversant with books, who require to be
learned men, and they whose concern lies principally in the
active business of life, in skill or labor, should have in some
respects a different course of study, but be subjected to the
influence of different minds, and examples, and rules, and
scenes, and associations, corresponding to the different rela-
tions which they will sustain. ' Non omnia possumus omnes,'
is a proverb applicable both to teachers and to pupils, and
it would forbid the supposition, that minds which act upon
others for widely different purposes, should do it always with
the best effect, or that they who are so acted upon, should
not sometimes suffer injury from the inadequate or ill appro-
priated influence that is exerted over them.
" But the evils of commingling within the walls of col-
lege, and subjecting to the same general influence, persons or
classes, requiring a different preparatory training, would not,
probably, be greater than those which would result from an
attempt to carry collegial instruction above the simple ground-
work of "the professions, and to accommodate the course of
study and discipline to the future intended course of life.
To whatever extent improvement should be carried in the
preparatory schools, of whatever qualifications young men
should be possessed, at the usual time of admission to college,
their term of residence here cannot reasonably be thought too
long, nor their facilities too ample, for general elementary
cultivation. It were not the worst of the evil of providing for
professional education at college, that the time which should
be devoted to mental preparation would be lost, and young
148 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
men would go forth into life unfurnished ; but many minds
uncertain and vacillating soon wearied with the dry elements
of one department, would presently attempt another and a
third, and disgusted, at length, with all, would resign them-
selves to a stupefying indolence, or a consuming licentious-
ness. The examples of other times, when the learning of
universities all had respect to the future political and eccle-
siastical relations of the student, and these institutions became
little better than panders to allied despotism and superstition,
may teach us to cultivate our youth in the elements of gen-
eral knowledge, and impart vigor and force and freeness to
their minds, in the course of sound fundamental study, before
they are permitted to engage in any merely professional acqui-
sitions ; to practice them well on the broad threshold of sci-
ence, before they are exposed to be blasted or bewildered by
the premature unfolding of its mysteries. They will then go
forward, prepared, not merely to acquire the technicalities of
a profession, but to investigate its essential principles ; to
avoid those ignes fatui, which so often, with the appearance
of truth, mislead and destroy, and draw out from the depths,
the living form of truth itself ; and thus contribute to the
destined emancipation of the world from ignorance, and preju-
dice, and misrule, and the worse influence of false philosophy.
I would not be extreme ; but when we consider the controlling
influence of mind of those who are accredited as the teachers
and guides of other men, and how important that this should
be an influence of reason, of knowledge, and of truth, and
how slowly and carefully its foundation requires to be laid in
the youthful mind, we may well dread to embarrass the pro-
cess, either by any accidental impressions and associations, or
by prematurely trusting to its completion. Nor should an
exception be claimed even in favor of the Christian ministry.
However desirable that they who contemplate this office should
be early qualified for the service of God, and of their fellow
men, yet they may not safely trespass upon college hours, by
anticipating those higher studies, which await them on other
grounds.
" I shall be obliged to trespass further upon the time of this
assembly, while I glance at a few particulars connected with
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 149
the attainment of the single end of a collegial education. It
has been alleged, that the preparatory schools have frequently
failed in qualifying the mind for successful application to the
exercises of college. And it has been answered, that college
has sent out into the schools inadequate instructors. The evil
which is admitted is probably on both sides, and an obvious
remedy will be found, in stating and rigidly exacting such
terms of matriculation as shall at once bring into requisition
the most thorough preparatory instruction, and provide that
such instruction may always be obtained.
1 ' It is evident that, other things being equal, those who, by
reason of superior early advantages, are prepared to enter
upon the prescribed exercises of college with more readiness
and effect than others, will ordinarily prosecute and finish
their course with proportionably higher reputation. Indeed,
to the want of a thorough initiation into the rudiments of
learning may be traced much of that indolence and fickleness
and easy yielding to temptation, by which the mind, untaught
in the labor of successful occupation, and discouraged by the
failure of its imprudent efforts, is presently paralyzed, and
lost to every honorable and useful purpose. If then it may
be provided that early instruction shall be more adequate, and
the mind of the student shall be prepared to enter with readi-
ness and effect upon the studies of college, we shall inspire
him with that confidence in his own ability and endeavors
which is one of the strongest inducements to exertion, and
shall insure a degree of improvement limited only by his
capacity and application. It may be true, that some of our
colleges, by reason of the temptations of poverty, and the
zeal of competition, accommodating themselves to the con-
venience of youth, have not increased in their demands in
proportion to the advances which have been already made
in elementary instruction. Such have doubtless mistaken
their true interests. It is believed, that those institutions
which shall lead in exacting the most extensive and thorough
preparation, will have a distinction and a patronage propor-
tioned to the benefits which they shall thus render to society.
" It is of equal importance, that our colleges should be fur-
nished with the materials of study. It was a significant
150 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
maxim, I think of Juvenal, that it is a great part of learning
to know where learning may be found. For, after ascertain-
ing the place of treasure, it is usual to feel the kindling desire
of acquisition, and the mind at once receives a corresponding
impulse to exertion. The man who has wasted his best days
in mental inaction, may feel himself so humbled amidst the
productions of genius and learning, which have not instructed
him, and instruments, of which he knows not the use, and
specimens and models whose properties and beauties he cannot
distinguish, that he will wish rather to retreat and forget his
poverty, in the gratifications of inferior appetite. But, on
these same scenes, the fires of youthful unprostituted ambition
glow with a new intensity, and the mind, here waking to the
consciousness of its own energies, aspires to the elevation and
dignity for which it is designed. The well stored library and
philosophical room and cabinet, create an atmosphere, in
which it acts with an unwonted freedom and force, and
strengthens itself for the high and laborious service to which
it is devoted.
" But, apart from the influence of such scenes and their
associations, there are more palpable reasons, which especially
at this day, call for a great increase of books and apparatus
in our literary institutions.
" The time has been, when a few worn out text books, de-
scending from one generation of students to another, were
thought sufficient for the purposes of a liberal education.
But, in that wider range of investigation, to which the mind
is now directed, in all departments of study, every source of
information requires to be laid open. It is not the lesson
from a single author, that is alone sufficient to be committed,
but the subject, of which possibly a score have treated, that
requires to be examined and understood. And neither can
the teacher nor the student feel himself adequate to the ser-
vices before him while any valuable authority, on the broad
field of his inquiries, is not accessible, or any means of illus-
tration are unattempted. But these facilities are clearly be-
yond the resources of individuals, and however voluntary
associations of students may, to some extent, compensate for
private inability, there is a point beyond which public senti-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 151
ment declares this to be a burden ; and it demands that the
institutions themselves, which proffer the benefits of education,
should supply the means by which this end is to be attained.
The question between different places of education, is coming
to be decided, more frequently, by reference to the compara-
tive advantages which they afford in this respect ; and, how-
ever it may be necessary that a college should hold out some
show of other accommodation, yet neither the convenience of
its situation, nor the splendor of its edifices, nor the number
and variety of its departments and instructors, will be held in
estimation, without corresponding advantages for an extended
course of study.
" In regard to a course of study, it were almost adventurous
for one without the advantages of experience on this subject,
to remark beyond what is already obvious, that it should be
simply accommodated to the most perfect discipline and in-
struction of the mind. And yet, perhaps, it were more pre-
sumptuous to suppose, that improvement in this respect has
already reached its limits. The changes which have taken
place, and are still occurring in the methods of instruction, at
the preparatory schools, may be hoped so far to hasten the
development and strengthening of the intellectual powers as
that the student may come, at an earlier period of his college
course, to that class of studies which call more immediately
for the use of reason, and give it direction in its inquiries after
truth. The impulse which the mind receives from an ac-
quaintance with its own powers, and their application to some
branches of intellectual philosophy, is a matter of general
experience. Every one recollects the pleasure of his first ac-
quisitions in this department of study, and the ardor with which
he thenceforth aspired to higher attainments. He breathed
a free air, he went forward with a new confidence, and his
application to all the duties before him became more easy
and more successful. If, then, we might, almost on the thresh-
old of a public education, habituate the mind to itself, and aid
it in some of the more simple essays of its own powers, it
would seem, that we should prepare it for the readier percep-
tion of classic beauties, and for mastering more effectually the
elements of mathematical, political, and moral science. Study
152 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
in every department ceases to be a mechanical process, when
the mind is thus accustomed, and then we have assurance that
studv will be a pleasure, and that what becomes a pleasure
will be gain and glory.
" If it were asked, whether any branch of college study
might be spared, few, probably, would be ready to affirm.
However, in the zeal of innovation, the utility of classical
learning has been decried, it is not probable that the name of
scholar will ever be awarded to one who has not loved to spend
his days and nights upon the pages of antiquity, nor drunk deep
from these original sources of taste, and genius, and philoso-
phy. We believe it has rarely, if ever happened, that one has
attained to a symmetry and finished excellency of character,
in the varieties of any one department of learning, who has not,
at least in the early stages of education, received inspiration
from the oratory and poetry of other times, when language
was an index to the passions and emotions of the soul, and
conveyed, not the names only, but the properties of things,
the qualities of mind. The very vigor of thought and power
of eloquence with which many, with a parricidal spirit, have
assailed the literature of antiquity, were borrowed from its
stores ; and should their schemes of reform prevail we might
fear that other generations, inheriting only their prejudices,
without their refinement, would degenerate into comparative
barbarism, and with that of learning, that the light also of
religion would be extinguished. It is the worst of this spirit
that it would seal up the treasures of heavenly wisdom, and
take away the armor in which we trust for assailing the ene-
mies of God. And however it may be with other interests,
we will hope that in this respect, as well as ordinarily in all
others, the pulpit will prove a defence of the true interests of
man. But, it may be questioned whether, if the field of labor
were narrowed, and instead of gleaning as is usually done,
from many writers, the student should be more thorough in
his application to a few of the most approved, the end of this
branch of study would not be as fully answered, and oppor-
tunity be afforded for greater acquisitions in the literature of
modern times. It has been said, particularly in regard to our
own language and country, that the style of writing, of con-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 153
versation, and of public speaking, among educated men, gen-
erally fails of that accuracy, propriety, and refinement which
might reasonably be expected from their course of preparatory
and professional study. The college is undoubtedly the place
where the evil, if it be admitted to exist, should be corrected.
And its correction would be found in the greater progress of
the student, beyond the task of composition, to the examina-
tion of the most approved vernacular writings. It is not so
much by his own imperfect attempts as by familiarity with
the nature and finished productions of other minds, that he
may expect to facilitate his conceptions, to extend the circle
of his thoughts, to correct his judgment and his taste, and
thus increase the readiness, propriety, and effect of his future
efforts. A course of thorough reading and comparison of
accredited authors, in connection with occasional researches
into the history of English literature and essays at higher
criticism, will probably do more towards the accomplishment
of polite scholarship than all the principles of grammar and
rhetoric, however perfectly understood, without opportunity
for such an application.
" The actual instruction of college, and its general economy
and administration, are subjects, doubtless, of yet higher con-
sideration. But, in view of the recent measures of the Trus-
tees of this institution, to advance its interests in these partic-
ulars, remarks in this place, and on this occasion, might be
judged unseasonable. I shall be permitted, however, just
to allude to these measures, as an evidence of the deep solici-
tude with which the institution is cherished by its constituted
guardians, and as a pledge, that in all things which relate to
its modes of government, discipline, and instruction, they will
not be backward to provide that it shall answer the great
purposes of its foundation. And in view of the success which
already appears to have attended the application of these
measures, through the zeal of the Faculty of the college, and
the commendable spirit of the students, the hope may well be
encouraged, that this venerable seat of learning, which has
been the care of Almighty God, will not fail of His blessing,
nor want the confidence, affection, and patronage of an intelli-
gent community.
154 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" But, what is more necessary than any other means and
advantages, and without which the growth of any literary
institution were to be deprecated as one of the greatest of
evils, is the pervading influence of moral and religious princi-
ple. The moral dangers of a college life have probably been
sometimes enhanced in the representation. When the ar-
rangement of duties is such as to require of the student as
much use of time, and a habit of application as constant and
persevering, as are ordinarily expected in the employments
of active life, he would seem, so far, in respect to his principles
and his habits, to have an advantage over others, inasmuch as
intellectual labor is, in itself, better suited to refine and elevate
the affections, and removes one farther from the scenes and
objects of temptation. If we add to this, that the student is
usually under a more uniform superintendence, and comes
more frequently and habitually under the influence of moral
precept and religious observances, and that the fact of his
supposed dangers makes him more a subject of parental
solicitude and counsel and prayer, his advantage is still
proportionably increased. And in respect to those institu-
tions where these benefits are in the highest degree enjoined,
it is believed that the amount of injury to the youth who fre-
quent them is less than that which is suffered by any equal
number, in any other sphere of occupation.
" It must, nevertheless, be admitted, that there are dangers
to the student in some respects peculiar, affecting deeply the
principles of action, and which require a greater care to be
prevented, because of the influence which he is destined to
exert in future life. The very cultivation of mind has fre-
quently a tendency to impair the moral sensibilities, to induce
that pride of conscious ability and variety of attainments,
which, as they are most of all affections offensive to God, so
they become, surely, though insensibly, most pernicious in
their influence upon the individuals themselves who cherish
them, and contribute to poison those streams which ought only
to carry abroad health and blessing to the world. That spirit
of emulation, also, which is naturally excited among so many
aspirants for an honorable distinction, too often leads, on the
one hand, in those who excel, to an overweening selfishness
DAETMOUTH COLLEGE. 155
and an insatiable ambition, which, in the course of life, sacri-
fice all principle and the highest interests of society to private
gratification ; and, on the other, in those whose hopes are dis-
appointed, to a destroying negligence and sensuality. Nor is
it to be denied, that the unsanctified literature of antiquity,
and many of the productions of our own times, which have
the greatest power of attraction over the minds of youth, can-
not be assiduously cultivated without danger of corrupting
the moral sentiments, and ministering strength to the wrong
affections of the mind. Against these evils, and others, more
immediately pernicious, which are incident to numerous asso-
ciations of youth, a moral influence, pure, constraining and
habitual, requires to be exerted. It is now more than ever
demanded, and the fact is most creditable to the spirit of the
times, that a literary institution should be a safe resort, and
no other advantages will, in the common estimation, compen-
sate for defect and failure in this particular. The relations
which every individual student sustains to God and to eternity,
call imperiously and aloud, that the great principles of moral
obligation, the everlasting distinctions between right and
wrong, the methods of the Divine administration, and the
solemnities of eternal retribution, should be kept before him,
in all their significancy, and enforced by the constraining
motives of the gospel of Jesus Christ, without which all sec-
ondary authority and influence will be comparatively vain.
The relations also of the whole body of students to their
country and the world demand, and the admonition is sounded
out from every corner of our land, from the city, and the field,
and even from the desert, that here should be laid th'e founda-
tion of those virtuous habits, of that reverence for God, and
practical regard for His ordinances, without which the in-
fluence of our educated men will gradually undermine the fair
fabric of our national freedom, and the ruins of our country
will be heaped up for an everlasting memorial, that neither
liberty, nor learning, nor wealth, nor arts, nor arms, can stay
the decline of that people among whom the redeeming spirit
of Christianity has no permanent abode. I know, indeed, that
college is no place for infusing or fostering sectarian preju-
dices, nor for preferring the weapons of sectarian warfare.
156 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
No spirit of party should walk abroad on this common ground.
No distinctive privileges of a denomination should here be
ever claimed or allowed. But, as none are exempted from
their obligations to God, and none are safe without His bless-
ing, it is most evident that this should be the first and last
of our labor with those who are themselves immortal, and
whose influence is so connected with the highest interests
of their fellow men, to encourage a spirit of inwrought piety,
and instill the lessons of practical obedience. That is the
noblest of all efforts which has respect to the preparation of
mind for the service of its Creator among its kindred intelli-
gences, and for the joys of an immortal life. And that will
be a glorious consummation (may it be ours to hasten it)
when the destined alliance between religion and learning shall
be perfected, and their united influence shall be employed,
and shall prevail, to raise a world from ignorance and sin
and wretchedness, to the dignity and the privilege of the sons
of God. And let us hope, both in regard to this college,
whose interests we now cherish, and all other kindred institu-
tions, that amidst the changes of society by which they are
occasionally affected, and the adversities by which they are
depressed, we shall see the vindication of' that rule of Provi-
dence by which good is always educed from evil. Let us be-
lieve that those prejudices and mistakes and errors and
abuses, which are wont, in undisturbed prosperity, to become
inveterate, shall be done away ; that those improvements
which may be expected to flow from the influence of free gov-
ernments and a free Christianity shall prevail, and shall con-
tribute to make the reign of liberty and knowledge and
truth not only universal in extent, but perpetual in dura-
tion."
CHAPTER XVI.
THE POLICY OF THE COLLEGE, ITS PROGRESS, AND ENLARGE-
MENT UNDER PRESIDENT LORD'S ADMINISTRATION, FROM
1828 TO 1863.
PRESIDENT LORD'S official course was marked by a judi-
cious conservatism.
In nothing was this more conspicuous than in his treatment
of the matter of " college honors." Near the close of his ad-
ministration, the occasion requiring, he published a statement,
in which we find the following language :
" It will be recollected that about a quarter of a century
ago there arose a simultaneous questioning among the students
at most of the New England colleges, in regard to college ap-
pointments in general. It was a spontaneous movement of
the young men, consequent upon an unusual religious awaken-
ing among them, and seemed a common reaction of conscience
against a common injurious custom. The students of this
college were excited more than others. At least, they were
more demonstrative. By memorial, they unanimously re-
quested the Trustees to abolish the existing system.
" The Trustees gave great attention to the request. Hav-
ing ascertained that the Faculty would readily try the experi-
ment of a change, although but two of them were convinced
of its utility, they set aside the existing system of exhibitions,
prizes, assignments, etc., and ordained the present system,
which fully and consistently excludes the principle of the old.
This action of the Trustees was thorough, consistent, and
decisive, and was far in advance of what had taken place in
any other institution. It gave great content to the students.
It was followed by many tokens of public approbation. The
Faculty at once found their administration relieved, simplified,
and greatly facilitated in general. The college rapidly at-
158 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
tained to a degree of patronage and prosperity unprecedented
in its history.
" After a few years, a severe outside pressure produced a
degree of anxiety in regard to the prudence, if not the princi-
ple, of the change. Some distinguished alumni of the college,
and other gentlemen, remonstrated against it as an innovation
not soundly moral and conservative, but radical and disorgan-
izing. They feared that the college would lose its tone and
dignity among learned institutions. The Trustees, though not
convinced, were stirred, and again asked the judgment of the
Faculty.
" The Faculty replied, that, although they had not, as a
body, recommended the adoption of the new system, they had
given it, as duty required, a fair experiment, and were con-
strained to say, that it had turned out better than their
expectations. Notwithstanding some inconvenience, it had
obviated serious evils, had secured unquestionable benefits,
and had given a decided impulse to the college. They were
not prepared to advise its discontinuance. Whereupon the
Trustees resolved to adhere.
"Yet, after another short term of years, changes having
occurred both in the Trustees and Faculty, and the outside
pressure still continuing, the subject again came under the
discussion of the Board. In that instance it was formally
proposed by a majority of the Faculty. Some new members
had been added to that body, who had had no experience, as
college officers, of the old system. Others had left it, and
some had seen reasons to change their opinions. A large
majority requested that the old regime, or something analogous
to it, should be restored.
" The minority confidently protested. They had had ex-
perience on both sides, and were satisfied that the new system
had greatly the advantage of the old, both in respect to prin-
ciple and practical results.
" The Trustees gave the subject their attentive considera-
tion, canvassed conflicting reasons, and still adhered. They
enjoined it upon the Faculty to abide by the new system, and
to keep its principle inviolate in the college discipline.
" Since that time the question has been at rest. Whatever
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 159
differences of opinion may have existed in the Board or in the
Faculty, they have not interfered with the regular and faith-
ful administration of affairs upon the prescribed basis. The
college has not suffered. It has not ceased to flourish, in re-
spect to sound instruction, easy and effective discipline, a
righteous order, thorough scholarship, a liberal patronage, and
an honorable position. It is believed to be not behind any
of its sister colleges in the proper characteristics of a learned
institution, even though measured not by its best, but its
average scholarship, as determined by lot, in the exercises of
the Commencement. Its order has become so well settled
and understood in this respect, that any reversal of it, princi-
ple apart, might be attended with inconveniences and hazards
more than sufficient to counterbalance any supposed possible
or probable advantages.
"But it is eminently due to the learned Memorialists
[Alumni], and to other friends and patrons of the college, to
explain more fully the theory on which the Trustees have
acted, and which applies equally to the questions now in
hand. Wherefore your Committee go on to observe, as first
principles :
" 1. That a college is a public institution, designed and in-
corporated to qualify young men for leaders of the Church and
the State.
" 2. That the requisite qualifications for such leadership are
knowledge, wisdom, and virtue. Accidental accomplishments
are important in giving prominence and effect to more sub-
stantial qualities ; but these are fundamental and indispensa-
ble. Without them the public interests, so far as connected
with college, have no security.
" 3. That these qualifications are valueless in separation
from each other ; and are then likely to be injurious in pro-
portion to the degree of culture. Knowledge without wisdom
is insane and mischievous ; and both without virtue serve but
to give greater energy and efficiency to those naturally de-
structive elements which are common both to individuals and
society. Virtue alone, if it could be supposed to exist without
knowledge and wisdom, would be but an idea, or an emotion,
and practically futile.
160 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" 4. That the organization and discipline of a college con-
stitute what we denominate its order ; and the highest re-
sponsibility rests on its appointed guardians, to perfect and
preserve this necessary order agreeably to the highest stand-
ards that are known among men.
" 5. That the ultimate standard, binding on all Christian
educators, is the Scripture ; and their ultimate responsibility
is to God. Great latitude is given thereby the State ; and they
are not held accountable to the civil authorities, in the widest
exercise of their discretion, while they infringe not upon the
civil statutes. The State leaves them to their own opinions
and policy, within the terms of their chartered privileges and
the laws in general. The Church has no control over them
whatever but in respect to patronage, when they are consti-
tuted as mere civil corporations ; and it may not interfere
with them but as individual men ; nor then, if they happen
to sustain no individual and personal relations to it. But the
State and the Church are equally ordained of God ; and all
educators are responsible to Him that the comprehensive
order of their institutions shall be in agreement with the prin-
ciples of His Word, and thereby subservient to the public good.
" 6. That the order of a college is, first, mechanical, in
respect to its forms, arrangements, and observances ; and,
secondly, moral, in respect to principle.
" 7. That college mechanism in general should have respect
to the most perfect development of the powers of students,
and be carried on with great exactness and fidelity ; that any
want of symmetry, proportion, finish, balance, and executive
ability, or frequent experimenting and change to meet inter-
nal difficulties, or the humors and caprices of society, must
tend to failure and dishonor. But that no mechanism, how-
ever organically perfect or judiciously administered, that does
not embody a righteous moral principle, or that cannot be
operated in consistency with it, can be otherwise than inju-
rious in its ultimate results.
" Whereupon your Committee propose, that a system of
scholarships and prizes, as such systems have usually obtained,
cannot be introduced into college mechanism, or be carried on,
consistently with righteous principle, and favorably to virtue
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 161
in young men, or to true knowledge and wisdom, so far as
these presuppose virtue, and depend upon it."
In regard to the views here set forth, it is proper to remark,
that reasoning which had much force, a score of years since,
would possibly have less at the present time.
In regard to this period the librarian says :
" In 1830, the three libraries must have numbered in vol-
umes between 12,000 and 13,000, with slight difference in
numbers, the college library being the largest, and the
United Fraternity's the smallest. The first library catalogue
of the latter society was printed previous to 1840, and con-
tained the titles of 4,900 volumes.
" In 1840, the libraries obtained better accommodations by
the erection of Reed Hall, which was so far completed that the
books were shelved just before the Commencement. They
were given the second floor of the building, an amount of
space which then seemed to give ample room for additions, as
the three libraries together numbered only 15,000 volumes.
The college library occupied the east half of the floor, while
the west side was divided between the two society libraries.
The books were first shelved against the wall, then alcoves
and cases were added as long as space remained, while for
several years previous to the present time the least valuable
books have been removed to make space for additions.
" In the college library, borrowers have generally been ex-
cluded from the rooms in which books are kept, while the
reverse has been true in the society libraries.
" In June, 1841, the professors of the college with the
assistance of some of the gentlemen of the vicinity formed a
society since known as the 4 Northern Academy.' This society,
which was afterwards chartered and has been continued in
different forms until the present time, early began the forma-
tion of a library. While many old books have been collected,
its principal value lies in pamphlets and files of newspapers,
some of which covering a number of years extend back beyond
the Revolution. This collection, now swelled to several thou-
sand, has always been in connection with the college library,
although for several years a want of shelf room and a greater
want of funds to place it in usable condition, have made it of
11
162 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
little practical value. In 1850, the three libraries having
changed little comparatively, numbered 19,000 volumes.
The ' Northern Academy,' exclusive of the unbound, had
over 1,000 volumes, thus making fully 20,000 volumes ac-
cessible. A distinction must be made between the figures
given under the different dates (which indicate the number
that were actually in the libraries), and the number accord-
ing to catalogues. The latter were made by adding to former
lists the books received during different years, when in fact
the additions during some of these years did not more than
make good the losses. It frequently happened that ten per
cent, of the catalogued number could not be accounted for.
While the society libraries have continued with nearly the
same annual additions an average actual yearly increase of
over a hundred volumes, the great growth of the college
library has taken place since 1850. Since that year have
been received the donations of books for the different depart-
ments of instruction and the funds upon which the constant
growth of the library depends. Of these funds the first had
its origin in 1846, when Edmund Parker of Nashua, Isaac
Parker of Boston, and Joel Parker of Keene, gave $1,000.
This was subsequently increased by the latter to $7,000, and
in his will (which founded the Law School), provisions were
made, that will, when available, place this fund at $20,000.
In 1852, Dr. George C. Shattuck, whose name is associated
with the Observatory, gave $1,000 for the department of
Mathematics as applied to Mechanics and Astronomy. To
this during the same year he added $200 for Natural Philoso-
phy and Astronomy, and $800 for the Latin language and
Literature. At the same time Dr. Roswell Shurtleff, Emeri-
tus Professor, gave $1,000 for better providing with books
the departments of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy and
Political Economy. These three donations were intended
principally for the use of instructors, and were accompanied
with restrictions from general circulation. In 1859, by the
will of Dr. Henry Bond of Philadelphia, several hundred vol-
umes were received, and provisions were made for a library
fund which when available will be about $11,000. The late
Hon. Samuel Appleton established in 1845, a fund which was
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 163
increased in 1854, and is known as the Appleton Fund. The
income of this has been partially applied to the purchase of
books relating to Natural Philosophy."
" The Press " in Hanover is worthy of notice in this con-
nection. We quote from a published address by Professor
Sanborn :
" No man lives in Hanover to-day, who can tell when any
newspaper was first printed in the town, or when it ceased to
be printed. Even the papers themselves have perished.
Here and there, a stray number, or possibly a bound volume,
may be found among the useless lumber of an attic. There
was a press in Hanover, before the close of the last century.
It is reported that a newspaper was published there prior to
the year 1799. I have been unable to find a copy of it. In
1799, Mr. Webster delivered a Fourth-of-July oration before
the citizens of Hanover, which was published in that town.
A eulogy, by the same orator, on a deceased classmate, was
also published the next year. Moses Davis, a citizen of the
place, began the publication of the ' Dartmouth Gazette/
August 27, 1799. How long he continued to edit and publish
the paper, I cannot certainly ascertain. A paper bearing that
name was published for at least twenty years. I have a num-
ber of the 4 Dartmouth Gazette ' dated June 23, 1819, being
No. XLIII., vol. 19. The whole number to this date of the
paper, in this form, is 1025. It was then printed and pub-
lished by Charles Spear. It would seem, therefore, that the
paper which originated with Moses Davis, lived for more than
twenty years. It was a valuable paper, containing a careful
summary of foreign news, sometimes long orations of English
statesmen, and an accurate record of local events. The orig-
inal pieces were quite numerous, written by occasional con-
tributors, many of them students of the college. The edito-
rials were brief ; in fact, a majority of the early numbers
contain no words which appear as editorial. The political
articles were decidedly favorable to the Federal party, but
moderate in tone. During the first three years of the exist-
ence of this paper, Daniel Webster, then a student, was a
frequent contributor ; he wrote both prose and poetry, more
frequently the latter. The topics were trite, but the thoughts
164 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
were always serious and elevated. In the issue of December
9, 1799, Mr. Webster published a poem on winter ; he was
then a Junior in college. The European wars commanded
his attention and saddened his reflections.
" Mr. Webster continued to write for the paper after leav-
ing college. In his published correspondence, there is a letter
from the editor importuning him to write the ' Newsboy's
Message ' for January, 1803. He says : 4 1 want a genuinely
Federal address, and you are the very person to write it.
And this solicitation, sir, is not from me alone some of our
most respectable characters join in the request.'
" The ' Dartmouth Gazette ' was the champion of the col-
lege during the entire period of its controversy with the State.
Many of the ablest articles written in defence of the college,
appeared in its columns. I regret that I cannot give the en-
tire history of this useful paper ; it did a good work in its day,
and we may now say literally, 4 peace to its ashes.'
" During a portion of the existence of the 4 Dartmouth Ga-
zette,' while it was edited by Charles Spear, another paper was
printed by Moses Davis, called ' The Literary Tablet,' pur-
porting to be edited by Nicholas Orlando. Whether this is a
nomme de plume or a real name, I cannot determine. Three
volumes are known to have been published. It lived for three
years at least. The third volume dates from August, 1805,
to August, 1806. It was a folio of four pages, three columns
to a page, of about fourteen inches by twelve in size. It was
printed every other Wednesday for the editor.
" A new paper appeared in Hanover, June, 1820. The
prospectus was as follows :
" 4 A new weekly paper in Hanover, N. H., to be entitled
the " Dartmouth Herald." The " Dartmouth Gazette " hav-
ing been discontinued, the subscribers, at the solicitation of a
number of literary gentlemen, propose to publish a paper un-
der the above title. Besides advertisements, the " Herald "
will embrace accounts of our National and State Legislatures,
and the most interesting articles of news, foreign and domes-
tic ; notices of improvements in the arts and sciences, espe-
cially agriculture and the mechanical arts most practiced in
our own country ; and essays, original and selected, upon the
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 165
mechanical and liberal Arts, Literature, Politics, Morals and
Religion.
" 4 The original articles will be furnished by a society of
gentlemen; and it is confidently expected will not be un-
worthy of the interesting subjects, to which a considerable
space will be allotted in this paper.
" 4 BANNISTER & THURSTPN.
"'HANOVER, April 7, 1820.'
" It was a small folio of four pages, twenty by twelve inches
in size. It was well filled with news and original contribu-
tions. Its life was brief. Unfortunately, no record was made
either on the printed page or the faithful memory, of the date
of its decease, so far as I can learn.
" For several years no periodical was published in Hanover.
4 The Magnet,' an octavo of sixteen pages, edited by students
and published by Thomas Mann, appeared in 1835. The
first number bears date October 21, 1835. There seems to
have been a rival paper contemporary with this, called ' The
Independent Chronicle.' In the November number of the
' Magnet,' we find this allusion to it : ' The second number of
the " Independent Chronicle " is below criticism.' In the
December number, the ' Magnet ' chronicles the demise of its
despised rival, with evident satisfaction. In 1837, another
student's periodical appeared, called ' The Scrap Book.' 1
am unable to write its history ; it was probably of brief dura-
tion. In 1839, the students of Dartmouth College originated
a literary periodical called ' The Dartmouth.' It was pub-
lished, I think, for five years. The editors were chosen from
the undergraduates by the Senior class. Among the editors
of 1840-41, were J. E. Hood and James O. Adams, both of
whom have since gained honorable distinction in a wider field
of editorial labor. A few months ago, I received as a present
from B. P. Shillaber, the witty and genial author of the ' Life
and Sayings of Mrs. Partington,' and other humorous works,
a volume of fc The Dartmouth,' which he received from Mr.
Hood. It was handsomely bound, and labelled ' Brains ' on
the back. Mr. Shillaber says of it in a letter, dated July 4,
1872, ' I find that the volume comprises but a half year end-
166 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
ing with Hood's editorship and graduation. It nevertheless
will prove interesting ; and it gives me pleasure to present it,
with a delightful memory of Dartmouth to commend the trifle.
I thought it might gratify you personally, as several of your
effusions are contained in it. Poor Hood has crossed the dark
stream : he died in Colorado last winter. He held you in en-
during regard. The title is a boyish suggestion ; but there is
more evidence of " brains " in it than is to be found in many
far more pretentious publications.'
" These remarks will apply with equal justice to the entire
ten volumes of 4 The Dartmouth.' It was highly creditable
to the students who originated and sustained it. ' The Dart-
mouth ' was printed by Mr. E. A. Allen, who during the con-
tinuance of this periodical made several other ventures in the
newspaper line. Sometime during the year 1840 or 1841, he
started a paper called 4 The Experiment,' which was edited
by James O. Adams, then a student in college. This paper
was subsequently issued in quarto form and called ' The
Amulet.'
" In 1841, a periodical called the ' Iris and Record ' was
issued in Hanover. It was published monthty, in numbers
of thirty-two royal octavo pages, making two volumes each
year. It was edited by ' an association of gentlemen,' and
filled with well selected and original literary articles. It
must have had a considerable circulation, if we may credit the
assertion of the editor of No. II., vol. 3, who says : 4 We
doubt not there are hundreds of persons, whose names are on
our subscription list, who might every month contribute a
short article upon some interesting subject.' The ' Iris' was
also printed by E. A. Allen.
" During the same year an anti-slavery paper was published
in Hanover, called 4 The People's Advocate,' by St. Clair and
Briggs. In July, 1843, J. E. Hood became its editor, and
continued to publish it for more than a year, when it was re-
moved to Concord. ' The Advocate ' was a spirited paper ;
and the editor, then a youth, showed himself an able, fearless,
and uncompromising foe of slavery, at a time when it required
great moral courage and liberal sacrifices of time, talent, and
labor, to advocate the principles of the Free Soil Party. In
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 167
February, 1844, Mr. Hood established a paper in Hanover,
called the 'Family Visitor,' in which he advocated the various
reforms of the day ; and published a variety of original and
selected articles in prose and poetry, for the profit and amuse-
ment of his patrons. On looking over some of the back num-
bers, I find the contents as lively, piquant, and interesting, as
the best journals of to-day. Mr. Hood was born an editor,
and to the day of his death he performed well his part ; and
when his Master bade him ' go up higher,' he left few peers
behind him in his chosen vocation."
Rev. H. A. Hazen, a reliable authority on any historical
point, states that there was a printing-press at Dresden,
(which included the " College District," in Hanover, and a
part of Lebanon), as early as 1777. Mr. Abel Curtis' Gram-
mar was printed there by J. P. and A. Spooner, in 1779.
Other works, still extant, were printed by them at about the
same period.
In tracing the progress of the college during President
Lord's administration, we cannot more fitly conclude, than by
adopting the language of Mr. William H. Duncan, who in a
valuable tribute to his worth and his memory, says :
" It was the proud boast of Augustus, that he found Rome
of brick and left it of marble. Might not President Lord, at
the time of his resignation, have said without a shadow of
boasting, I found the college, what its great counsel called it
in that most touching and pathetic close of his great argument
in the College Case before the Supreme Court at Washington :
I found it truly 4 a small college ' ; it was in an humble
condition ; its classes were small ; its finances embarrassed ;
its buildings in a dilapidated and ruinous condition. I left it
one of the leading institutions of the land ! "
Fuller details on these points will be gathered from subse-
quent chapters.
1 "The Dartmouth" having been revived in 1867, is now issued as a Weekly
Magazine.
CHAPTER XVII.
CHARACTER OF PRESIDENT LORD.
THE period of President Tyler's resignation was a most
critical one in the history of the college.
Its eminent founder passed away in the midst of the Revo-
lutionary struggle, leaving the frail bark, in which were cen-
tered fond and long-cherished hopes, tossing upon uncertain
and dangerous waters. A fearful storm was raging when his
immediate successor put off the robes of office, and a little
later went " to give account of his stewardship." Thirteen
years had scarcely been sufficient fully to restore to a healthy
condition the discipline of the college, which had been ma-
terially weakened by the lack of harmony between the second
president and his associates in office.
Material aid was needed also to provide better accommoda-
tions for the students.
In common with other colleges, Dartmouth needed most of
all, in those trying times, a president " rooted and grounded "
in the truth.
The multiplication of colleges rendered it especially desira-
ble, at this period, that this college should have a man at its
head well fitted and furnished for his work. In the little
more than half a century of its existence, the number of New
England colleges, founded upon the same religious faith, had
increased from three to eight, rendering the best leadership
necessary to meet the competition.
A more judicious selection could not have been made for
the sixth president of the college.
Rev. .Nathan Lord, the son of John and Mehitable (Per-
kins) Lord, was born at Berwick, Maine, November 28, 1792,
and belonged to a highly respectable family. At the early
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 169
age of sixteen, he graduated at Bowdoin College, in the class
of 1809. Very rarely has a student at college the oppor-
tunity to sit under the instruction of two such men as Joseph
McKeen and Jesse Appleton, each of whom filled the presi-
dent's chair two years, while young Lord was a student.
After valuable experience as a teacher in the Exeter Acad-
emy, he pursued a theological course at the Andover Seminary,
graduating in 1815. He had been twelve years pastor of the
Congregational Church at Amherst when called to the presi-
dency of Dartmouth, having been for some time a Trustee.
In the intellectual strength and literary attainments of its
people, this had been for a long period one of the leading
towns in southern New Hampshire. Being the county seat,
it was visited periodically by gentlemen eminent in the law,
with whom professional men resident in the place would most
naturally have frequent intercourse. At a period when the
whole community was profoundly agitated, by the most earn-
est and important theological controversy in the history of
New England, we can readily understand that the youthful
preacher would have abundant opportunity to measure swords
with skilled warriors, in the field of religious debate. That
he wielded his weapons, in the discussions of that period,
with a force indicating that he was a man of no ordinary
mould, is a matter of history. When he entered upon his
great work at Dartmouth, those who, as its guardians, had
called him to it, cherished confident hope of his success.
Seldom has there been so full a realization of such hope in the
history of American colleges.
President Lord brought to the accomplishment of his task
a fine physique ; a countenance serene, yet impressive ; a
voice rare both for its richness and its power ; a pleasing,
almost magnetic, dignity of mien ; a mind most capacious and
discriminating by nature, richly stored by severe application,
and thoroughly disciplined by varied professional labor ; and
a heart always tender, yet always true to the profoundest
convictions of duty. A deep, rich, and thorough religious ex-
perience well fitted the graceful and earnest man to be a
graceful and earnest Christian teacher. The question of fit-
ness for the position as an executive was soon settled beyond
170 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
the possibility of a doubt. It required but a brief acquaint-
ance with President Lord to teach any one, that he fully be-
lieved in the most literal acceptation of the doctrine, that
" the powers that be are ordained of God."
A recognition of this fundamental law guided and governed
him daily and hourly through all his public life. When early
in his administration, he discovered marked symptoms of a
spirit of insubordination in the college, he gave all concerned
to understand most fully, that it would be his duty to main-
tain the supremacy of the law. There was never any de-
viation from this 'loyalty to duty in administering the dis-
cipline of the college. No undue regard for his own dignity,
or comfort, or safety, deterred him from visiting, at any hour
of day or night, the -scene of disorder. When he had been
more than forty years an officer of the college he reaffirmed
his adherence to this principle, in a most emphatic manner,
when those to whom he did not deem himself responsible
sought to point out to him the path of duty.
As a teacher it was President Lord's province, chiefly to
unfold the various relations and obligations of man to his
Maker. In the performance of this duty he gave remarkable
prominence to the Divine Revelation. Jealous for the honor
of his great Master and Teacher, he was very suspicious, pos-
sibly too suspicious, of any intermixture of u man's wisdom."
This habit may have induced occasionally, measurable dispar-
agement of worthy and eminent men. But the genial manner
and chastened tone invariably extracted the point from the
severest word, and left upon the pupil's mind a profound con-
viction that his teacher had been " taught of God." It may
well be doubted whether, of the large numbers who graduated
during President Lord's administration, any who were brought
in close contact with him, and listened with a " willing mind "
to his instructions, failed to receive measurably, yet consciously,
the impress of their honored teacher.
The following extracts from the official records of the Trus-
tees, are deemed worthy of insertion in this connection in
order to a full understanding of the circumstances attending
President Lord's resignation.
44 Annual Meeting, July 1863. Mr. Tuck offered the fol-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 171
lowing, to wit : ' The undersigned has had his attention
called to the accompanying resolutions passed by the Merri-
mack County Conference of Congregational Churches, held
on the 23d and 24th of June last ; and he submits the same
to the Trustees, with a motion that a Committee be ap-
pointed to report what action thereon ought to be taken.
" ' 1. " Resolved. That the people of New Hampshire have
the strongest desire for the prosperity of Dartmouth College,
and that they rejoice in the wide influence this noble institu-
tion has exerted in the cause of education and religion.
44 * 2'. " Resolved. That we cherish a sincere regard for its
venerable president ; for the rare qualifications he possesses for
the high office he has so long and ably filled ; but that we
deeply regret that its welfare is greatly imperiled by the
existence of a popular prejudice against it, arising from the
publication and use of some of his peculiar views touching
public affairs, tending to embarrass our government in its
present fearful struggle, and to encourage and strengthen the
resistance of its enemies in arms.
" ' 3. " Resolved. That in our opinion it is the duty of the
Trustees of the College to seriously inquire whether its inter-
ests do not demand a change in the presidency ; and to act
according to their judgment in the premises."
" Whereupon, Messrs. Tuck, Bouton, and Eastman were
appointed a Committee, to report on the subject aforesaid."
" The Committee to whom was referred the resolutions of
the Merrimack County Conference, respecting Dartmouth
College, made the following Report :
" 4 The Committee have taken into most respectful considera-
tion the action of the Conference and the sentiment pervading
the churches of which the resolutions of the Conference are
the expression. We do not forget, but thankfully avow the
debt of gratitude which has rested on the college, throughout
its history, to the churches of New England, and to the pious
teachings and generous patronage of those included within
their embrace. We are fully aware of the obligations of
science and literature, in all past time, to the clerical profes-
sion ; that the countenance and support of the clergy and the
churches have ever been the chief reliance of this college, and
172 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
that we can hope for little prosperity or usefulness to the in-
stitution in future, without meriting the confidence bestowed
upon it in the past. We deplore the present condition of the
college in respect to the sentiments entertained towards it, as
expressed in said resolutions, and we proffer our readiness to
do any act which our intimate knowledge of its affairs and
circumstances enable us to judge practicable and beneficial.
Neither the Trustees nor the Faculty coincide with the presi-
dent of the college in the views which he has published,
touching slavery and the war ; and it has been their hope
that the college would not be adjudged a partisan institution,
by reason of such publications. It has been our purpose that
no act of ours should contribute to such an impression upon
the public mind, inviting the public as we do, to contribute
to its support, and to partake of its privileges.
44 ' It would be impracticable if it were wise to embody in
this report all the reasons which induce us to propose no action
by which the removal of the president from the head of the
institution should be undertaken by the Trustees ; and we
bespeak with confidence the favorable judgment that we act
discreetly, from the members of the Conference who have ex-
pressed in their resolutions their generous appreciation of the
eminent ability and qualifications of the president for .the
position which he occupies.
44 4 Yet the Committee do not fail to see that the present
crisis in the country is no ordinary conflict between opposing
parties, but is a struggle between the government on one side,
and its enemies on the other, and that in it are involved vital
issues, not only respecting science and learning, virtue and
religion, but also respecting all the social and civil blessings
growing out of free institutions.
44 4 The Committee recommend that the resolutions of the
Merrimack County Conference, this report and the accom-
panying resolutions, be published in pamphlet forms, and that
the Treasurer be directed to cause the same to be circulated
among the members of said Conference, and other persons,
according to his discretion. AMOS TUCK.
N. BOUTON."
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 173
1 ' RESOLUTIONS.
" c The Trustees of Dartmouth College, impressed with the
magnitude of the crisis now existing in public affairs, and with
the vital consequences which the issue of current events will
bring to the nation and the world ; and, considering that it is
the duty of literary institutions and the men who control them
to stand in no doubtful position when the Government of the
country struggles for existence ; inscribe upon their records,
and promulgate the following Resolutions :
" 4 First. We recognize and acknowledge with grateful
pride, the heroic sacrifices and valiant deeds of many of the
sons of Dartmouth, in their endeavors to defend and sustain
the Government against the present wicked and remorseless
rebellion ; and we announce to the living now on the battle-
fields, to the sick and the maimed in the hospitals and among
their friends, and to the relatives of such of them as have
fallen in defense of their country, that Dartmouth College
rejoices to do them honor, and will inscribe their names and
their brave deeds upon her enduring records.
" l Second. We commend the cause of our beloved country to
all the Alumni of this Institution ; and we invoke from them,
and pledge our own most efficient and cordial support, and
that of Dartmouth College, to the Government, which is the
only power by which the rebellion can be subdued. We hail
with joy and with grateful acknowledgments to the God of
our fathers, the cheering hope that the dark cloud which has
heretofore obscured the vision and depressed the hearts of
patriots and statesmen, in all attempts to scan the future, may
in time disappear entirely from our horizon ; and that Amer-
ican slavery, with all its sin and shame, and the alienations,
jealousies, and hostilities between the people of different sec-
tions, of which it has been the fruitful source, may find its
merited doom in the consequence of the war which it has
evoked.
" ' Third. The Trustees bespeak for the College in the future
the same cordial support and patronage of the Clergy and
Churches of New England, as well as other friends of sound
learning, which they have given to it in time past, reminding
174 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
them of the obligations which the cause of education, science,
and religion seem to lay upon them, to stand by this vener-
able Institution, in evil report and in good report, in view of
its past history and great service to the Church and the State,
entertaining an abiding faith that it will triumph over all ob-
stacles, and go down to posterity with its powers of usefulness
unimpaired.'
" It was moved by Dr. Barstow that tha foregoing Report
and Resolutions be accepted and adopted.
" On the question of adopting the report, two voted in the
negative and five in the affirmative. On the adoption of the
preamble and second resolution, two voted in the negative
and five in the affirmative, for the first and third resolutions
the vote was unanimous, so the report and resolutions were
adopted.
" The president asked leave to withdraw for a short time,
and Dr. Barstow was requested to take the chair.
" The President on resuming the chair read to the Trustees
the following paper, to wit:
" 'DARTMOUTH COLLEGE, July 24, 1863.
" ' To THE TRUSTEES OF DARTMOUTH COLLEGE :
" ' In making this communication to the Hon. and Rev.
Board of Trustees I take the liberty respectfully to protest
against their right to impose any religious, ethical, or political
test upon any member of their own body or any member of
the College Faculty, beyond what is recognized by the Charter
of the institution, or express statutes or stipulations conformed
to that instrument, however urged or suggested, directly or
indirectly, by individuals or public bodies assuming to be as
visitors of the college, or advisers of the Trustees.
" ' The action of the Trustees, on certain resolutions of the
Merrimack County Conference of Churches, virtually imposes
such a test, inasmuch as it implicitly represents and censures
me as having become injurious to the college, not on account
of any official malfeasance or delinquency, for, on the contrary,
its commendations of my personal and official character and
conduct during my long term of service, far exceed my merits ;
but, for my opinions and publications on questions of Biblical
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 175
ethics and interpretations, which are supposed by the Trus-
tees to bear unfavorably upon one branch of the policy pur-
sued by the present administration of the government of the
country.
" ' For my opinions and expressions of opinion on such sub-
ject, I hold myself responsible only to God, and the constitu-
tional tribunals of my country ; inasmuch as they are not
touched by the Charter of the college, or any express statutes
or stipulations. And, while my unswerving loyalty to the
government of my fathers, proved and tested by more than
seventy years of devotion to its true and fundamental princi-
ples, cannot be permanently discredited by excited passions of
the hour, I do riot feel obliged when its exercise is called in
question, to surrender my moral and constitutional right and
Christian liberty, in this respect, nor to submit to any cen-
sure, nor consent to any conditions such as are implied in the
aforesaid action of the Board ; which action is made more im-
pressive upon me, in view of the private communications of
some of its members.
" 4 But not choosing to place myself in any unkind relations
to a body having the responsible guardianship of the college, a
body from which I have received so many tokens of confi-
dence and regard, and believing it to be inconsistent with
Christian charity and propriety to carry on my administration,
while holding and expressing opinions injurious, as they im-
agine, to the interests of the college, and offensive to that
party in the country which they [the majority] professedly
represent, I hereby resign my office as president.
" ' I also resign my office as Trustee. In taking leave of the
college with which I have been connected, as Trustee or Pres-
ident, more than forty years, very happily to myself, and, as
the Trustees have often given me to understand, not without
benefit to the college, I beg leave to assure them that I shall
ever entertain a grateful sense of the favorable consideration
shown to me by themselves and their predecessors in office ;
and that I shall never cease to desire the peace and prosperity
of the college, and that it may be kept true to the principles
of its foundation. I am very respectfully,
" ; Your ob't serv't,
" ' N. LORD.' "
176 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" Adjourned Meeting, September 21, 1863. Resolved, 4 that
in accepting the resignation of President Lord, we place on
record a grateful sense of his services during the long period
of his administration ; and his kind and courteous treatment
of the Board in all their intercourse.' '
Dr. Lord continued to reside at Hanover, cordially co-
operating with his successor in office, till his death, September
9, 1870. His wife, Mrs. Elisabeth King (Leland) Lord, died
a few months previous to her husband.
REV. ASA D. SMITH, D. D.
CHAPTER XVIII.
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENT SMITH.
REV. ASA D. SMITH, D. DT, of New York city, of the class
of 1830, was elected the seventh president of the college.
His thorough understanding of the field upon which he was
to enter is indicated by the following extracts from his inau-
gural address :
" There are four chief organic forces, by which, under the
providence of God, humanity has its normal development.
These, generalizing broadly, are the family, the school, the
State, and the Church. Wherever you find, even in its low-
est measure, a true civilization, these exist ; and as it rises
they rise, sustaining to it the relation both of cause and effect.
Concerning, as they do, one and the same complex nature,
they have, in different degrees and combinations, the same
underlying elements of power. In the family, we have, in its
rudimental form, both teaching and government. It is a
patriarchate a little commonwealth ; and to its head a
priest as well as a patriarch that Scripture should ever be
relevant, 4 the church that is in thy house.' In the school,
the simplest offshoot, perhaps, from a congeries of families, we
have, or ought to have, the parental element ; we have magis-
tracy also, and a certain statehood ; we have, or should have,
worship. The state, properly apprehended, is not only gov-
ernmental but didactic it is a teaching power ; and though
not, at this age of the world, theocratic, it should be, in a
large view, religious. In the church, having specially and
predominantly the last-named characteristic, being of divine
appointment, and as ministering to our imperative needs, the
foster-mother of devotion, we have, also, as essential to its
purpose, both rule and instruction. And in the influence
they wield, these great moulding agencies are perpetually in-
terpenetrating and modifying each other.
12
178 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" It is of the second of these, the school, that we are now
called to speak. The service we essay is connected with an
educational institution, using the term in the specific sense; a
fact, it may be said at the outset, which of itself dignifies the
occasion. Not to insist on those affinities and mutual in-
fluences just adverted to, and of which there will be further
occasion to speak, there is a view of education, a large and
comprehensive one, which gives to it the very grandest eleva-
tion. It is the end, next to that which the good old Catechism
makes chief, and subordinate to that, of all the divine pro-
visions and arrangements. God is the great Educator of the
universe. More glorious in his didactic offices is He than even
in creation ; nay, creation was for these. Earth is our train-
ing place time is our curriculum ; eternity will but furnish
to the true pupil the higher forms of his limitless advance-
ment. We have our lessons in all providence, in all beings
.and things, God teaching us in and through all. No mean
vocation, then, is that of the earthly educator ; no unimpor-
tant theme that now in hand. Yet even of the school in the
more technical sense of the term, we cannot speak at large,
except as in touching on any one department we more or less
affect every other. Our thought may be fitly limited to that
class of institutions which these ancient halls of learning and
these inauguration solemnities naturally bring before us. The
college is my subject, considered in its proper functions and
characteristics.
" I use the term college in the American sense. This, not
for the poor purpose of ministering to national vanity, but be-
cause we must needs take things as they are ; and for the fur-
ther reason that there is much to commend in the shape the
institution here assumes. It has hardly its prototype either
in the Fatherland or on the Continent. It has but a partial
resemblance either to the German Gymnasia or to the Eng-
lish preparatory schools, as of Eton and Rugby. As prelim-
inary to professional study, it is in some respects far in ad-
vance of these. It differs materially, at once from the Ger-
man and English University, and from the college as embraced
in the latter. University education in Europe was once some-
what rigidly divided into two portions ; the one designed to
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 179
form the mind for whatever sphere of life ; the other, the
Brodstudium, as the Germans significantly term it, a course
of training for some particular profession. Long ago, how-
ever, this division became mainly obsolete. 4 On the conti-
nent,' said an eminent English scholar, some years since, ' the
preparatory education has been dropped; among ourselves,
the professional.' He speaks, of course, comparatively. So
far as England is concerned, the same testimony is borne by
a well-informed recent observer. This ancient and wise di-
vision is by us still maintained ; with this peculiarity, that
the 4 preparatory ' education, so-called, by which is meant
the highest form of it, is the sole work of the colleges.
Professional culture is remitted to other and often separate
schools. The undergraduate course is for general training ;
it lays the foundation for whatever superstructure. It has no
particular reference to any one pursuit ; but, like the first
part of the old University course, aims to fit the whole man
for a man's work in any specific line either of study or of
action.
" In this conception of the college, there are, it is believed,
important advantages. It is better for preparatory education ;
it is better for professional. It felicitously discriminates. It
keeps things in their place. It defines and duly magnifies
each of the two great departments of the educational process.
It is likelier to dig deep, and build on broad and solid rock ;
it tends to symmetry and finish in the superincumbent fabric.
" The college should be marked by a completeness. Re-
jecting the fragmentary and the unfinished, the well consti-
tuted mind ever craves this. Modern thought, especially, is
passing from an excessive nominalism to a more realistic
habit ; by many a broad induction, from mere details to a
rounded whole. And nowhere more persistently than in re-
lation to institutions. The college should be complete as to
its objective scheme. There may be onesidedness here.
There may be, for example, an excessive or ill-directed
pressing of utilities, as in the speculations of Mr. Herbert
Spencer ; or there may be an undue exaltation of what he
calls 4 the decorative element.' The theoretic may be too ex-
clusively pursued ; or there may be a practicalness which has
180 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
too little of theory, like a cone required to stand firm on its
apex. There should be completeness, also, as touching the
subjective aim. It should embrace, in a word, the whole
man, and that not in his Edenic aspects alone, but as a fallen
being. You may not overlook even the physical ; the casket
not merely, holding all the mental and moral treasures the
frame-work rather, to which by subtile ties the invisible nia-
chinery is linked, and which upholds it as it works. The
world has yet to learn fully how dependent is the inner upon
the outer man, and how greatly the highest achievements of
scholarship are facilitated by proper hygienic conditions. As
you pass to the intellectual, it matters little what classification
you adopt, whether with the author of the 4 Novum OrganumJ
in his 4 Advancement of Learning,' you resolve all the powers
into those of memory, imagination, and reason, or whether the
minuter divisions of a more recent philosophy are preferred ;
only be sure that not a single faculty is overlooked or dispar-
aged. Be it presentative, conservative, reproductive, repre-
sentative, elaborative, regulative, or whatever the fine Hamil-
tonian analysis may suggest, give it its proper place and its
proper scope.
" The college should be distinctly and eminently Christian.
Not in the narrow, sectarian sense that be far from us
but in the broadest evangelical view. Our course of thought
culminates here ; and here does all else that has been affirmed
find its proper centre and unity. Christianity is the great
unity. In it, as was intimated at the outset, are all the chief
elements of organic influence. It is itself the very acme of
completeness, and it tends to all symmetry and finish. It is
at once conservative and progressive, balancing perfectly the
impelling and restraining forces ; by a felicitous adjustment
of the centripetal and centrifugal, ensuring to human nature
its proper orbit. It is the golden girdle wherewith every in-
stitution like this should bind her garments of strength and
beauty about her.
" Were it needful to argue this point, we might put it on
the most absolute grounds. All things are Christ's ; all do-
minions, dignities, potences ; it is especially meet that we say,
to-day, all institutions. It is the grossest wrong practically
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 181
to hold otherwise. It is loss, too, and nowhere more palpably
than in the educational sphere. It is no cant saying to affirm,
and that in a more than merely spiritual sense, that in Christ
4 are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.' At his
throne the lines of all science terminate ; above all, the science
that has man for its subject. Of all history, for example,
rightly read, how is He the burden and the glory ! Other-
wise taken, it is a more than Cretan labyrinth. The Christian
spirit, besides, raising the soul to the loftiest planes of thought,
giving it the highest communions, bringing before it the grand-
est objects, and securing to all its machinery the most har-
monious action, is eminently conducive to intellectual achieve-
ment. We have already said something like this as touching
moral culture; but that, be it ever remembered, takes its
proper form and direction only as it is vitally linked with
Christianity. What God has joined together let not man put
asunder. Let the studies which we call moral, have all a
Christian baptism ; and, with all our getting, let us not stop
short of the cardinal points of our most holy faith. Let the
Will be still investigated, not as a brute force, or in a merely
intellectual light, but in those high spiritual aspects in which
our great New England metaphysician delighted to present it.
Let Butler, with his curious trestle-work of 'analogy, bridge,
to the forming mind, the chasm between natural and revealed
religion. Let the Christian Evidences be fully unfolded. We
can hardly dispense with them in an age, when by means of
4 Westminster Reviews,' and other subtle organs of infidelity,
the old mode of assault being abandoned, a sapping and min-
ing process is continually going forward. Let Ethical Science,
embracing in its wide sweep the Economy of Private Life,
the Philosophy of Government, and Law, which 4 hath its seat
in the bosom of God,' be all bathed in the light of Calvary.
That light is its life. 4 Let us with caution indulge the sup-
position,' said the Father of our country, 4 that morality can
be maintained without religion.' Let the Bible be included
among our text-books as the sun is included in the solar sys-
tem ; and let all the rest revolve in planetary subjection about
it. Let it be studied, not in a professional, much less in a
partisan way ; but with the conviction that it is indispensable
182 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
to the broadest culture ; that without theology we have but a
straitened anthropology ; that we see not nature aright, but
as we look up through it to Nature's God. Be ours, in its
largest significance, the sentiment so devoutly uttered by the
old Hebrew bard : ' In Thy light shall we see light.' And
let the discipline of college, so intimately connected with its
prosperity, be fashioned on the model of the Gospel. Let it
copy, in its way and measure, the wondrous harmonies of the
redemptive scheme, in which ' mercy and truth are met to-
gether, righteousness and peace have kissed each other.' So
shall it bless our halls with some faint reflection of the Divine
fatherhood, and give to our society some happy resemblance
to a Christian family."
A prominent feature of President Smith's administration
was a greater utilization of the libraries, and the opening of
a reading-room. The librarian says :
" The late Professor Alphasus Crosby contributed consid-
erably to the increase of the classical books, and Hon. Nathan
Crosby has recently furnished the means for commencing a
collection of the works of Dartmouth alumni. It is intended
to gather all books and pamphlets which have been written
by graduates. The collection will also include matter relating
to them and to the work of the college.
" In reviewing the history of the library their number is so
great that it is impossible to mention even a small part of the
benefactors ; their best record is in the well filled shelves and
the large amount of reading done in connection with the stud-
ies of the college course.
*' One of the departments of the library consists of the books
given by the late General Sylvanus Thayer, founder of the
school of engineering, numbering 2,000 volumes.
" Early in its history the members of the Chandler Scien-
tific Department founded the ' Philotechnic Society,' the li-
brary of which, together with some books belonging to the
department, contains 1,700 volumes.
" The three society libraries continued under separate man-
agement until 1874, although the societies, as far as literary
work is concerned, had for some time given way to the secret
societies, and the interest in them was so slight that only with
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 183
great difficulty could a quorum be obtained for ordinary busi-
ness. During that year an arrangement was made by which
the three society libraries were placed under the same man-
agement as the library of the college, the latter receiving the
society taxes which were slightly reduced, assuming all ex-
penses including the support of the reading-room, and provid-
ing for the increase of the library by books to be annually
selected by the Senior class. Under this arrangement the
different libraries have been brought together and considered
as departments of one, the hours for drawing and consulting
books have been increased from three hours per week in the
society libraries and six in the college, to twenty-one hours
per week, and in many respects the facilities for use have been
greatly increased. Since 1870, the yearly additions for all
the libraries have averaged 700 volumes, and they at present
contain exclusive of pamphlets about 45,000 volumes, besides
nearly 5,000 books which are either duplicates or worthless.
These figures are independent of the Astronomical library
located at the Observatory, the library of the 4 Society of
Inquiry,' and of the libraries of the Medical and Agricultural
departments, which will probably be connected with the main
library. The library as it is now constituted is well adapted
to the work of the college, and is especially so in some of the
departments of instruction, in connection with which a large
amount of reading is done. There are in use at present three
printed catalogues : one of the college library, printed in 1868 ;
one of the 4 Social Friends ' library, dated 1859 ; and one of
the ' United Fraternity ' library, issued in 1861. These are
supplemented by a card catalogue arranged under title, author,
and subject."
The " Centennial " celebration of the founding of the col-
lege, at the Commencement of 1869, was a season of rare in-
terest and profit to the very large number of alumni and
friends of the college assembled from nearly every quarter of
the globe.
The following is the substance of the address of Chief Jus-
tice Chase, who presided on the occasion, as given by Mr.
William H. Duncan :
" He began by alluding to the fact that the college received
184 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
its charter from 4 our right trusty and well beloved John
Wentworth, Governor of the Province of New Hampshire,'
and said that the venerable name was borne, to-day, by an
honored citizen of Illinois, 1 who, like his ancestor, towered
head and shoulders above his fellow men. He also happily
referred to the descendants of the other founders of the col-
lege. ' When the college was organized the third George was
heir to the British throne. Under the great Empress Cath-
erine, Russia was prosecuting that career of aggrandizement
then begun which is even now menacing British empire in
the East. Under the fifteenth Louis, in France, that wonder-
ful literary movement was in progress, which prepared a sym-
pathetic enthusiasm for liberty in America, at length over-
throwing, for a time, monarchy in France. China and Japan
were wholly outside the modern community of nations. A
hundred years have passed, and what a new order has arisen !
Great Britain has lost an empire, has gained other empires in
Asia and Australia, and extends her dominion around the
globe. France, so great in arts and arms, has seen an empire
rise and fall and another empire arise, in which a wise and
skillful ruler is seeking to reconcile personal supremacy with
democratic ideas. Russia, our old friend, seems to withdraw,
for the present, at least, her eager gaze from Constantinople
and seeks to establish herself on the Pacific Ocean and in
Central Asia. China sends one of our own citizens, Mr.
Burlingame, on an embassy throughout the world to establish
peaceful, commercial, and industrial relations with all the civ-
ilized nations. Japan, too, awakes to the necessity of a more
liberal policy, and looks toward a partnership in modern civ-
ilization. Who, seeing this, and reflecting on the manifold
agencies at work in the old world and the prodigious move-
ments in the new, which I cannot even glance at, can help
exclaiming, in the language of the first telegraphic message
which was sent to America, 4 What hath God wrought ? '
How great a part has this college, antedating the Republic,
played in all the enterprises of America ! It has been well
said of it that three quarters of the globe know the graduates
of Dartmouth. Every State in the Union, certainly, is famil-
1 Hon. John Wentworth, LL. D.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 185
iar with their names and their works, and the influence which
they exert is the influence of this college. What an insignifi-
cant beginning was that which has been described, to-day ;
what splendid progress ! How great the present, and who
can predict the future ? Ninety-eight classes of young men
have already gone forth from this institution. Who can meas-
ure the religious, the moral, the intellectual, the political in-
fluence, which they have exerted ? Great names like Webster
and Choate rise at once to memory, but I refer more particu-
larly to the mighty influence exerted by the vast numbers,
unrecognized upon the theatre of national reputation, which
the college has sent into all the spheres of activity and duty.
When I think of the vast momentum for good which has
originated here, and is now in unchecked progress, and must
extend beyond all the limits of conception, I cannot help feel-
ing that it is a great and precious privilege to be in some way
identified as a member of this college. It does not diminish
my satisfaction that other graduates of other American col-
leges can say the same thing. It rather increases the satis-
faction. Glad and thankful that my name is in the list of
those who have been educated here, and have endeavored to
do something for their country and their kind, I rejoice that,
under our beneficent institutions, legions of Americans have
the same or greater cause for gladness/
" After some remarks to the graduating class, the Chief
Justice said : ' And let me add, my brethren of the alumni,
a practical word to you. We celebrate to-day the founding
of our college. We come hither to testify our veneration
and our affection for our benign Alma Mater. We can hardly
think she is a hundred years old, she looks so fresh and so fair.
We are sure that many, many blessed days are before her,
but a mother's days are made happy and delightful by the
love and faithfulness of her children. Much has been done
for this institution, recently, much which makes our hearts
glad. The names of the benefactors of the institution, men-
tioned here to-day, dwell freshly in the hearts of every grad-
uate, and will live forever ; but let us remember, that while
much has been done, much also remains to be done. I do not
appeal to you for charity. I wish that every graduate may
186 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
feel that the college is, in a most true and noble sense, his
mother, and to remind you of your filial obligations.' '
Addresses having been made by Hon. Ira Perley, LL. D.,
Hon. Daniel Clark, and Richard B. Kimball, Esq., Mr. Dun-
can says :
" Judge Chase called upon Judge Barrett, Vice President
of the Association of the Alumni, to read a poem, which had
been furnished for the occasion by George Kent, Esq., of the
Class of 1814. He had read but a few stanzas when the
rumbling of distant thunder was heard. Then came a few
scattering drops of water pattering upon the roof of the tent,
but soon the winds blew, and the rain descended and fell upon
the roof, as if the very windows of heaven had been opened.
There followed such a scene as no tongue, nor pen, nor pencil
can describe, it baffles all description. Judge Barrett, with
the true pluck of an Ethan Allen, stood by his colors, and
the more the wind blew and the storm raged, the louder he
read his poetry. But he was obliged at length to cease, and
with his slouched hat and dripping garments left the stage.
" But he was not alone in his misery. The manly and
stately form of the Chief Justice, the president of the col-
lege, reverend doctors of divinity, were all in the same con-
dition they all stood drenched and dripping, like fountains,
in the rain. Even General Sherman had to succumb, once in
his life, and seek the protection of an umbrella. Some hud-
dled under umbrellas, some held benches over their heads,
and some crept beneath the platform.
" The storm passed over, and Judge Barrett came forward
and finished reading the poem.
" Hon. James W. Patterson, of the Class of 1848, was
then called upon, and spoke with force and eloquence, receiv-
ing the greatest compliment that could be paid him, the
undivided attention of the audience."
Addresses were also made by Dr. Jabez B. Upham, Samuel
H. Taylor, LL. D., Rev. Samuel C. Bartlett, D. D., and
others.
We quote some of the closing passages of the " Historical
Address" by President Brown, of Hamilton College.
" There is not much time to speak of the general policy of
the college through these hundred years of its life, but I may
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 187
say in brief, that it has been sound and earnest, conservative
and aggressive at the same time. As the motto on its seal,
vox clamantis in deserto^ indicated and expressed the relig-
ious purpose of its' founders, so this purpose has never been
lost sight of. Through lustrum after lustrum, and generation
after generation, while classes have succeeded classes, while
one corps of instructors have passed away and others have
taken their places, this high purpose of presenting and enforc-
ing the vital and essential truths of the Christian religion, has
never been forgotten or neglected. The power of Christianity
in modifying, inspiring, and directing the energies of modern
civilization, its art, its literature, its commerce, its laws, its
government, has been profoundly felt. Nor has it for a moment
been forgotten that education, to be truly and in the largest
degree beneficent, must also be religious, must affect that
which is deepest in man, must lead him, if it can, to the
contemplation of truths most personal, central, and essential,
must open to him some of those depths where the soul swings
almost helplessly in the midst of experiences and powers
unfathomable and infinite, where the intellect falters and
hesitates and finds no solution of its perplexities till it yields
to faith. Within later years there have been those who have
advocated the doctrine that education should be entirely sec-
ular, that the college should have nothing to do with relig-
ious counsels or advice. Now while I do not think that this
would be easy, as our colleges are organized, without leaving
or even inciting the mind to dangerous skepticism, nor possible
but by omitting the most powerful means of moral and intel-
lectual discipline, nor without depriving the soul of that food
which it specially craves, and destitute of which it will grow
lean, hungry, and unsatisfied, as a matter of history, no such
theory of education has found favorable response among the
guardians of Dartmouth. At the same time while the gen-
eral religious character of the college has been well ascertained
and widely recognized, while the great truths of our common
Christianity have been fully and frankly and earnestly brought
to the notice of intelligent and inquiring minds, it has not
been with a narrow, illiberal, and proselyting spirit, not so as
rudely to violate traditionary beliefs, not so as to wound and
188 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
repel any sincere and truth loving mind. And this is the con-
sistent and sound position for the college to hold.
" With respect to its curriculum of studies the position of the
college has been equally wise. She has endeavored to make
her course as broad, generous, and thorough as possible ; equal
to the best in the land ; so that her students could feel that no
privilege has been denied them which any means at her dis-
posal could provide. She has endeavored wisely to apportion
the elements of instruction and discipline. She has provided
as liberally as possible, by libraries, apparatus, laboratories,
and cabinets for increase in positive knowledge. She has
equally insisted on those exact studies which compel subtle-
ness and precision of thought, which habituate the mind to
long trains of controlled reasoning, which discipline alike the
attention and the will, the conservative and the elaborative
powers. She has given full honor to the masterpieces of
human language and human thought, through which, while
we come to a more complete knowledge of peoples and nations,
of poetry and eloquence, we feel more profoundly the life of
history, and comprehend the changes of custom and thought,
while the finer and more subtle powers of fancy and imagina-
tion stir within the sensitive mind, and gradually by constant
and imperceptible inspiration lift the soul to regions of larger
beauty and freedom.
" So may she ever hold on her way, undeluded by specious
promises of easier methods, inuring her students to toil as the
price of success ; not rigid and motionless, but plastic and
adapting herself to the necessities of different minds ; yet
never confounding things that differ, nor vainly hoping on a
narrow basis of culture to rear the superstructure of the
broadest attainment and character, but ever determined to
make her instructions the most truly liberal and noble.
" With no purpose of personal advantage, but with the deep-
est filial love and gratitude have we assembled this day. Of
all professions and callings, from many States, from public
business and from engrossing private pursuits, you, my
young friend who have just come, with hesitation and ingenu-
ous fear, to add your name if you may, to the honored rolls
of the college, and you Sir, 1 whose memory runs back to the
1 Job Lyman, Esq., of the class of 1804.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 189
beginning of the century, the oldest or nearly the oldest living
alumnus of the college, the contemporary of Chapman and
Harvey, and Fletcher, and Parris, and Weston, and Webster,
you who came from beyond the 4 Father of Waters,' and
you who have retreated for a moment from the shore of * the
dark Atlantic you Sir, 1 our brother by hearty and affection-
ate adoption, who led our armies in that memorable march from
the mountain to the sea, which shall be remembered as long
as the march of the Ten Thousand, and repeated in story and
song as long as history and romance shall be written, and you,
Sir, who hold the even scales of justice in that august tribunal,
from which Marshall proclaimed the law which insured to us
our ancient name and rights and privileges, unchanged, un-
tarnished, unharmed, all of us, my brothers, with one pur-
pose have come up to lay our trophies at the feet of our com-
mon mother, to deck her with fresh garlands, to rejoice in her
prosperity, and to promise her our perpetual homage and love.
Let no word of ours ever give her pain or sorrow. Loyal to
our heart of hearts, may we minister so far as we can, to her
wants, may we be jealous of her honor, and solicitous for her
prosperity. May no ruthless hand ever hereafter be lifted
against her. May no unholy jealousies rend the fair fabric of
her seamless garment. May no narrow or unworthy spirit
mar the harmony of her wise counsels. May she stand to the
end as she ever has stood, for the Church and State, a glory
and a defense. And above all and in order to all, may the
spirit of God in full measure rest upon her ; ' the spirit of
wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might,
the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the Lord.' '
President Smith, whose character was a rare union of energy
and gentleness, was preeminently a man of affairs.
The results of his untiring efforts to promote the welfare of
the college, in various directions, will be more fully developed
upon subsequent pages. Having performed valuable service
for thirteen years, he resigned his office, on account of failing
health, March 1, 1877, and died on the sixteenth of August
following, his wife, Mrs. Sarah Ann (Adams) Smith, surviv-
ing him.
1 General* Sherman received the highest honorary degree of the college in
1866.
CHAPTER XIX.
INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARTLETT.
REV. SAMUEL C. BARTLETT, D. D., of the Chicago The-
ological Seminary, was elected the eighth president of the
college. We insert entire his inaugural address, delivered at
the Commencement, June, 1877 :
" Certain occasions seem to prescribe their own themes of
discourse, and certain themes are endowed with perpetual
life. There are problems with which each coming genera-
tion and each last man grapples as freshly as the first.
" How shall the ripest growth of the ages be imparted to
one young soul ? Twice, at least, in a lifetime, is this great
question wont to rise solemnly before each thoughtful man
when he looks forward in youthful hope, and when he looks
back in parental solicitude. It is a question of many forms
and multiplying answers. Shall there be a long, fundamental
training, wide and general ? or, shall it be closely professional ?
Shall it be predominantly classic, or scientific, or esthetic, or
empiric ? Many, or much ? For accomplishment, or for ac-
complishing ? Shall it fit for the tour of Europe, or for the
journey of life ? Masculine and feminine, or vaguely human?
Shall it rattle with- the drum-beat, bound with gymnastics,
court fame by excursive " nines " not known on Helicon,
and challenge British Oxford, alas! with its boat crew?
Shall the American College student follow his option, or his
curriculum ? And shall the college itself be a school for
schoolmasters, a collection of debating clubs, a reading-room
with library attached, an intellectual quarantine for the
plague of riches? or, a place of close and protracted drill,
of definite methods, of prescribed intellectual work ? Shall
it fulfill the statement of the Concord sage, ' You send
REV. SAMUEL C. BARTLETT, D. D.
J f
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 191
your son to the schoolmasters, and the schoolboys educate
him ? ' or, shall a strong faculty make and mark the whole
tone of the institution ?
" In these and other forms is the *same fundamental ques-
tion still thrust sharply before us. I. do not propose to move
directly on such a line of bristling bayonets, but to make my
way by a flank movement across this " wilderness " of con-
flict. It will go far towards determining the methods of a
liberal education, if we first ascertain, as I propose to do,
The Chief Elements of a Manly Culture.
" Obviously the primal condition of all else must be found
in a self-prompted activity or wakefulness of intellect. The
time when the drifting faculties begin to feel the helm of
will, when the youth passes from being merely receptive to
become aggressive, marks the advent of the true human era.
As in the history of our planet the first remove from the
tohu va-vohu was when the Spirit of God brooded on the
deep, and, obedient to the command, light shot out from dark-
ness, so in man the microcosm, the brooding spirit and com-
manding purpose mark the first step from chaos toward cos-
mos. The mechanical intellect becomes, dynamical, and the
automatic man becomes autonomic. It may be with a lower
or a higher motion. The mind gropes round restlessly by a
yearning instinct ; it may be driven by the strong impulse
of native genius ; or, it may rise to the condition of being the
facile servant of the forceful will. When the boy at Pisa
curiously watches the oil lamp swinging by its long chain
in the cathedral, a pendulum begins to vibrate in his brain,
and falling bodies to count off their intervals ; and when
afterward he deliberately fits two lenses in a leaden tube,
the moon's mountains, Jupiter's satellites, and Saturn's rings
are all waiting to catch his eye. A thoughtful meditation on
the spasms of a dead frog's leg in Bologna becomes galvanic.
The gas breaking on the surface of a brewery vat, well
watched by Priestley, bursts forth into pneumatic chemistry.
A spider's web in the Duke of Devonshire's garden expands
in the mind of my lord's gardener, Brown, into a suspension
bridge. A sledge hammer, well swung in Cromarty, opened,
those New Walks in an Old Field. The diffraction of light
192 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
revealed itself to Young in the hues of a soap-bubble. As
the genie of the oriental tale unfolded his huge height from
the bottle stamped with Solomon's seal, so the career of Davy
first evolved itself out of old vials and gallipots. When the
boy Bowditch was found in all his leisure moments snatching
up his slate and pencil, when Cobbett grappled resolutely with
the grammar, when Cuvier dissected the cuttlefish found
upon the shore, or Scott was seen sitting on a ladder, hour
after hour, poring over books, they will be further heard
from.
4 'If such instances illustrate the propulsive force of native
genius, they also indicate what training must do when the
impulsive genius is not there. No idler plea was ever en-
tered for an idler than when he says, ' I have no bent for
this, no interest in that, and no genius for the other.' The
animal has his habitat, and stays fast. A complete man is
intellectually and physically a cosmopolite. Till he has gained
the power to throw his will-force wherever the work summons
him, most of all to the weak points of his condition, till he
has learned to be his own task-master and overseer, he is
but a 4 slave of the ring.'
44 In most lines the highest gift is the gift of toil. Indeed,
men of genius have often been the most terrible of toilers,
and in the regions of highest art. How have the great mas-
ters of music first welded the keys of the organ and harpsi-
chord to their fingers' ends and their souls' nerves before
they poured forth the Creation or the Messiah, the sympho-
nies and sonatas ! Think of Meyerbeer and his fifteen hours
of daily work ; of Mozart's incessant study of the masters,
and his own eight hundred compositions in his short life ; of
Mendelssohn's nine years elaboration of Elijah. Or in the
sister art, how we track laborious, continuous study in the
Peruginesque, the Florentine, and the Roman styles succes-
sively of Raphael, and in the incredible activity that crowded
a life of thirty-seven years with such a vast number of por-
traits and Madonnas, of altar-pieces and frescoes, mytholog-
ical, historical, and Biblical. And that still grander contem-
porary genius, how he wrought by night with the candle in his
pasteboard cap, how he had dissected and studied the human
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 193
frame like an anatomist or surgeon before he chiseled the
David and Moses, or painted the Sistine chapel, and how the
planninga of his busy brain were always in advance of the
powers of a hand that, till the age of eighty-eight, was inces-
santly at work.
" The servant is not above his master. The lower intellect
can buy at no cheaper price than the higher, and the hour of
full intellectual emancipation comes only when the student
has learned to serve to turn the whole freshness and sharp-
ness of his intellect on any needful theme of the hour ; it may
be the scale of a fossil fish, or the annual movement of a gla-
cier, the disclosures of the spectrum, or the secrets of the
arrow-headed tongue. All great explorers have been largely
their own teachers, and each young scholar has made the best
use of all helps and helpers when he has learned to teach
himself. His emancipation, once fairly purchased, confers on
him potentially the freedom of the empire of thought ; and,
as evermore, the freeman toils harder than the slave. The
strong stimulus of such a self-moved activity, thoroughly
aroused, becomes in Choate or Gladstone the fountain of per-
petual youth, and forms the solid basis of the titanic scholar-
ship of Germany. It stood embodied in the life and motto
of the aged, matchless artist Angelo, ' Anoora imparo,' I
am learning still.
" But impulse and activity may move blindly. Another
cardinal quality of such a culture, therefore, must be precis-
ion the close, clean working of the faculties. A memory
trained to clear recollection, what a saving of reiterated labor
and of annoying helplessness. A discrimination sharpened
to the nicest discernment of things that differ, though always
a shining mark for the arrow of the satirist, will outlive all
shots with his gray-goose shaft ; for it shines with the gleam
of tempered steel. An exactness of knowledge that defines
all its landmarks, how is it master of the situation. A pre-
cision of speech, born of clear thinking, what controversial
battlefields of sulphurous smoke and scattering fire might it
prevent. He has been called a public benefactor who makes
two blades of grass grow where one grew before. He is as
great a benefactor, who in an age of verbiage makes one word
13
194 DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE.
perform the function of two. Wonderful is the precision
with which this mental mechanism may be made to work.
Some men can even think their best on their feet in the pres-
ence of a great assembly. There are others whose spon-
taneous thoughts move by informal syllogisms. Emmons
sometimes laid off his common utterances like the heads of a
discourse. Johnson's retorts exploded like a musket, and
often struck like a musket-ball. John Hunter fairly com-
pared his own mind to a bee-hive, all in a hum, but the hum
of industry and order and achievement. It reminds us, by
contrast, of other minds formed upon the model of the wasp's
nest, with a superabundance of hum and sting without, and
no honey within. It was of the voluminous works of a dis-
tinguished author that Robert Hall remarked, fc They are
a continent of mud, sir.' Nuisances of literature are the men
who fill the air with smoke, relieved by no clear blaze of
light. There have been schools of thought that were as
smoky as Pittsburg. We have had ' seers ' who made others
see nothing, men of 4 insight ' with no outlook, scientists who
in every critical argument jumped the track of true science,
and preachers whose hazy thoughts and utterances flickered
between truth and error. Pity there were not some intellec-
tual Sing-Sing for the culprit !
" How refreshing, on the other hand, to follow the clear
unfolding of the silken threads of thought that lie side by
side, single and in knots and skeins, but never tangled.
What a beautiful process was an investigation by Faraday in
electro-magnetism, as he combined his apparatus, manipulated
his material, narrowed his search, eliminated his sources of
error, and drew his careful conclusions. With similar persis-
tent acuteness, in the field of Biblical investigation, how does
Zumpt, by an exhaustive exclusion and combination, at length
make the annals of Tacitus shake hands with the gospel of
Luke over the taxing of Cyrenius. In metaphysics, how
matchless the razor-like acuteness with which Hamilton could
distinguish, divide, and clear up the questions that lay piled
in confused heaps over the subject of perception. What can
be more admirable than the workings of the trained legal or
rather judicial mind, as it walks firmly through labyrinths of
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 195
statute and precedent and principle, holding fast its strong
but tenuous thread, till it stands forth in the bright light of
day ; it may be some Sir John Jervis, unraveling in a crim-
inal case the web of sophistries with which a clever counsel
has bewildered a jury ; or it may be Marshall or Story, in
our own college case, shredding away, one by one, its intrica-
cies, entanglements, and accretions, till all is delightfully, rest-
fully clear.
" It is a trait all the more to be insisted on in these very
times, because there is so strong a drift toward a seeming
clearness which is a real confusion. By two opposite methods
do men now seek to reach that underlying order and majestic
simplicity which more and more appear to mark this universe.
The one distinguishes, the other confounds, things that cer-
tainly differ. The one system belongs to the reality and
grandeur of nature, the other to the pettiness and perverse-
ness of man. Not a few seem bent on seeing simplicity and
uniformity by the short process of shutting their eyes upon
actual diversity. They proceed not by analytical incision, but
by summary excision. They work with the cleaver and not
with the scalpel. What singular denials of the intuitive facts
of universal consciousness, what summary identifications of
most palpable diversities, and what kangaroo-leaps beyond
the high wall of their facts, mark many of the deliverances of
those who loudly warn us off from 4 the unknowable ! '
What shall we say of the steady confusion, in some argu-
ments, of structure and function, and of force with material ?
When men, however eminent, openly propose to identify the
force which screws together two plates of metal with the
agency which corrodes or dissolves both in an acid, or to iden-
tify the affinity that forms chemical combinations with the vi-
tality that so steadily overrides, suspends, and counteracts those
affinities, is this an ascent into the pure ether, or a plunge in
the Cimmerian dark ? When, in opposition to every possible
criterion, a man claims that there is but ' one ultimate form
of matter out of which successively the more complex forms
of matter are built up,' is this the advance march of chemistry,
or the retrograde to alchemy ? When a writer, in a style
however lucid and taking, firmly assumes that there is no es-
196 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
sential difference in objects alike in material elements, but
separated by that mighty and mysterious thing, life, is that
the height of wisdom, or the depth of folly ? And how such
a central paralysis of the mental retina spreads its darkness,
as, for example, in the affirmation that as oxygen and hydro-
gen are reciprocally convertible with water, so are water,
ammonia, and carbolic acid convertible into and resolvable
from living protoplasm ! a statement said to be as false in
chemistry as it certainly is in physiology. An ordinary mer-
chant's accountant will, if need be, work a week to correct in
his trial balance the variation of a cent. But when he listens
to Sir John Lubbock calmly reckoning the age of the human
implements in the valley of the Sorame at from one hundred
thousand up to two hundred and forty thousand years; when
he sees Croll, in dating the close of the glacial age, leap down
from the height of near eight hundred thousand to eighty
thousand years ; when he finds Darwin and Lyell claiming for
the period of life on the earth more than three hundred mil-
lions of years, while Tait and Thompson pronounce it ' ut-
terly impossible ' to grant more than ten, or, at most, fifteen
millions, this poor, benighted clerk is bound to sit and
hearken to his masters in all outward solemnity, but he must
be excused for a prolonged inward smile. Who are these, he
says, that reckon with a lee-way of hundreds of thousands of
years, and fling the hundreds of millions of years right and
left, like pebbles and straws ?
44 Brilliancy, so-called, is no equivalent or substitute for pre-
cision. It is often its worst enemy. A man may mould him-
self to think in curves and zig-zags, and not in right lines.
He sends never an arrow, but a boomerang. Or he thinks in
poetry instead of prose, deals in analogy where it should be
analysis, puts rhetoric for logic, scatters and not concentrates,
and while he radiates never irradiates. A late divine was
suspected of heresy, partly because of his poetic bias; and
one of his volumes was unfortunate for him and his readers,
in that for his central position he planted himself on a figure
of speech, and not on a logical proposition. The well-known
story se non vero e ben trovato, of that keenest of lawyers,
listening to a lecture of which every sentence was a gem and
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 197
every paragraph rich with the spoils of literature, and reply-
ing to the question, " Do you understand all that ? " " No,
but my daughters do." It was as beautiful and iridescent as
the Staubbach, and as impalpable.
" The more is the pity when a vigorous mind, in the outset
of some great discussion, heads for a fog-bank or a wind-mill.
When a man proposes to chronicle a ' Conflict between Re-
ligion and Science,' and makes religion stand indiscriminate-
ly for Romanism, Mohammedanism, superstition, malignant
passion, obstinate prejudice, and what not, also confounding
Christianity with so-called Christians, arid those often most
unrepresentative, at the same time appropriating to ' Sci-
ence ' all intellectual activity whatever, though found in good
Christian men, and though fostered and made irrepressible
by the fire of that very religion, it is easy to see what must
be the outcome of such a sweepstakes race. There will be a
deification of science, and not even a whited sepulchre erected
over the measureless Golgothas of its slaughtered theories.
There will be, on the other hand, the steady suppressio veri
concerning books, systems, men, and events, the occasional
though unintended assertio falsi, the eager conversion of
theories into facts, constructions unfair and uncandid and,
throughout, with much that is bright and just, that ' admix-
ture of a lie that doth ever add pleasure ' to its author and
grief to the judicious. Such confusions are no doubt often
the outgrowth of the will. But a main end of a true culture
is to prevent or expose all such bewilderments, whether help-
less or crafty.
" The great predominance of the disciplinary process was
what once characterized the English university system even
more than now. It consisted in the exact and exhaustive mas-
tery of certain limited sections of knowledge and thought, as
the gymnastic for all other spheres and toils. At Oxford, not
long ago, four years were spent in mastering some fourteen
books. Whatever may be our criticism of the process, we
may not deny its singular effect. In its best estate it forged
many a trenchant blade. To the man who asks for its monu-
ment, it can point to British thought, law, statesmanship.
Bacon and Burke, Coke and Eldon, Hooker and Butler, Pitt
198 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
and Canning, shall make answer. The whole massive litera-
ture of England shall respond.
" But to this precision of working must be furnished mate-
rial with which to work. Mental fullness is, therefore, another
prime quality of a manly culture. To what degree it should
be sought in the curriculum has been in dispute. It is the
American theory, and a growing belief of the English nation,
that the British universities have been defective here. Their
men of mark have traveled later over the broader field.
" Provincialism of intellect is a calamity. All men of great
achievements have had to know what others achieved. The
highest monuments are always built with the spoils of the
past. Any single genius, if not an infinitesimal, counts at
most but a digit in the vast notation of humanity. The great
masters have been the greatest scholars. Many a bright
mind has struggled alone to beat the air. Behold in some
national patent-office a grand mummy-pit of ignorant in-
ventors.
" Those men upon whom so much opprobrium has been
heaped, the Schoolmen, were unfortunate chiefly in the lack
of material on which to expend their singular acuteness.
Leibnitz was not ashamed to confess his obligations to them,
nor South to avail himself of their subtle distinctions. Doubt-
less theology owes them a debt. Some of them have been
well called, by Hallam, men 4 of extraordinary powers of dis-
crimination and argument, strengthened in the long medita-
tion of their cloister by the extinction of every other talent
and the exclusion of every other pursuit. Their age and condi-
tion denied them the means of studying polite letters, of observ-
ing nature, or of knowing mankind. They were thus driven
back upon themselves, cut off from all the material on which
the mind could operate, and doomed to employ all their pow-
ers in defense of what they must never presume to examine.'
1 If these Schoolmen,' says Bacon, c to their great thirst of
truth and unwearied travel of wit had joined variety of read-
ing and contemplation, they had proved great lights to the
advancement of all learning and knowledge.' And so, for lack
of other timber, they split hairs. Hence the mass of ponder-
ous trifling that has made their name a by- word. A force,
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 199
sometimes Herculean, was spent in building and demolishing
castles of moonshine.
" A robust mental strerfgth requires various and solid food.
The best growth is symmetrical. There is a common bond
quoddam commune vinculum in the circle of knowledge,
that cannot be overlooked. Men do not know best what they
know only in its isolation. Even Kant offset his metaphys-
ics by lecturing on geography ; and Niebuhr, the historian,
struggled hard and well to keep his equilibrium by throwing
himself into the whole circle of natural science and of affairs.
Such, also, are the interdependencies'of scholarship, that ample
knowledge without our specialty is needful to save us from
blunders within. Olshausen was a brilliant commentator, and
the slightest tinge of chemistry should have kept him from
suggesting that the conversion of water into wine at Cana
was but the acceleration of a natural process. A smattering
of optics would have prevented Dr. Williams from repeating
the old cavil of Voltaire, that light could not have been made
before the sun. A moderate reflection upon the laws of
speech and the method of Genesis would have restrained
Huxley from sneering at the 4 marvelous flexibility ' of the
Hebrew tongue in the word 4 day,' and a New York audience
from laughing at the joke rather than the joker. Some tinge
of ethical knowledge should have withheld Max Miiller from
finding the grand distinctive mark of humanity in the power
of speech. The merest theorist needs some range of reality
for the framework of his theories, and the man of broad prin-
ciples must have facts to generalize. Indeed, a good mem-
ory is the indispensable servant of large thought, and how-
ever deficient in certain directions, the great thinkers have
had large stores. 4 The best heads that have ever existed,'
says an idealist, ' Pericles, Plato, Julius Caesar, Shake-
speare, Goethe, Milton, were well read, universally educated
men, and quite too wise to undervalue letters. Their opinion
has weight, because they had the means of knowing the oppo-
site opinion.'
" While every year increases the impossibility of what used
to be called universal knowledge, it also emphasizes the neces-
sity of a scholarship that has its outlook toward all the vast
200 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
provinces of reading and thought. It cannot conquer them,
but it can be on treaty relations with them. The tendency of
modern science is, of necessity, steadily toward sectional lines
and division of labor. It is a tendency whose cramping in-
fluence is as steadily to be resisted, even in later life, much
more in early training. We are to form ourselves on the
model of the integer rather than the fraction of humanity.
The metaphysician cannot afford to be ignorant of the ' chem-
istry of a candle ' or the 'history of a piece of chalk,' nor the
chemist of the laws of language, the theologian of astronomy
and geology, nor the lawyer of the most ancient code and its
history. Mill himself made complaint of Comte's ' great ab-
erration ' in ignoring psychology and logic.
" Intellectual fetichism is born of isolation, and dies hard.
While in the great modern uprising we may boast that the
heathen idols have been swept away from three hundred dark
islands of Polynesia, new ' idols of the cave ' stalk forth upon
the world of civilized thought. We are just now much be-
wildered with brightness in streaks, which falls on us like the
sunlight from a boy's bit of glass, and blinds our eyes instead
of showing our path. Half-educated persons seize fragments
of principles and snatch at half-truths. Crotchets infest the
brains, and hobbies career through the fields of thought.
Polyphemus is after us, a burly wretch with one eye. Better
if that were out.
" The remedy is, to correct our narrowness by a clear view
of the wide expanse. We must come out of our cave. We
must link our pursuits to those of humanity. Breadth and
robustness given to the mental constitution in its early train-
ing shall go far through life to save us from partial paralysis
or monstrosity.
" To insure this result, however, we must add to that full-
ness of material the quality of mental equipoise or mastery,
the power of grasping and managing it all. A man is to pos-
sess, and not to be ' possessed with,' his acquisitions. He
wants an intellect decisive, incisive, and, if I might coin a
word, concisive.
" The power to unify and organize must go with all right
acquisition. Knowledges must be changed to knowledge. It
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 201
takes force to handle weight. Some men seem to know more
than is healthy for them. It does not make muscle, but be-
comes plethoric, dropsical, adipose, or adipocere. Better to
have thought more and acquired less. Frederick W. Robert-
son, in his prime, wrote, ' I will answer for it that there
are few girls of eighteen who have not read more books than
I have ; ' and Mrs. Browning confessed, 4 1 should be wiser
if I had not read half as much ; ' while old Hobbes, of
Malmesbury, caustically remarked, 4 If I had read as much
as other men I should know as little.' It may serve as a hint
to the omnivorous college student. Cardinal Mezzofanti
knew, it is said, more than a hundred languages. What
came of it all? A eulogy on one Emanuele da Ponte. He
never said anything in all the languages he spoke ! What
constitutes the life of an intellectual jelly-fish? Even the
brilliancy of Macaulay was almost overweighted by the im-
mensity of his acquisitions. The vivid glitter of details in
his memory may sometimes have dazzled his perception of a
tout ensemble, and for principles it was his manner to cite
precedents. A multitude of lesser lights have been almost
smothered by superabundance of fuel. A man knows Milton
almost by heart, and Shakespeare too, can quote pages of
Homer, has read Chrysostom for his recreation, is full of his-
tory, runs over with statistics right and left, and withal is
strong in mother-wit. But the mother-wit proves not strong
enough, perhaps, to push forth and show itself over the pon-
derous debris above it, the enormousness, or, if you please,
the enormity of his knowledge.
" It requires a first-class mind to carry a vast load of scien-
tific facts. Hence the many eminent observers who have been
the most illogical of reasoners. What a contrast between
Hugh Miller and his friend Francia ; the mind of the latter,
as Miller describes it, 4 a labyrinth without a clew, in whose
recesses was a vast amount of book-knowledge that never
could be used, and was of no use to himself or any one else ; '
the former wielding all his stores as he swung his sledge.
What is wanted is the comprehensive hand, and not the pre-
hensile tail.
" Involved in such an equipoise is the decisiveness, the will-
202 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
force, that not only holds, but holds the balance. Common
as it may be, it is none the less pitiable to be just acute
enough constantly to question, but not to answer forever to
raise difficulties, and never to solve them. Wakeful, but the
wakefulness of weakliness. Fine-strung minds are they often,
acquisitive, subtle, and sensitive, able to look all around their
labyrinth and see far into darkness, but not out to the light.
It is by nature rather a German than an Anglo-Saxon habit.
It is not always fatal even there. De Wette, ' the veteran
doubter,' rallied at the last, and, like Banyan's Feeble-mind,
went over almost shouting. In this country, youth often have
it somewhat later than the measles and the small-pox, and
come through very well, without even a pock-mark. Some-
times it becomes epidemic, and assumes a languid or typhoidal
cast, not Positivism, but Agnosticism. It is rather fashion-
able to eulogize perplexity and doubt as a mark of strength
and genius. But whatever may be the passing fashion, the
collective judgment of the ages has settled it that the perma-
nent state of mental hesitancy and indecision, in whatever
sphere of thought and action, is and must be a false condition.
It indicates the scrofulous diathesis, and calls for more iron in
the blood. It is a lower type of manhood. It abdicates the
province of a human intelligence, which is to seek and find
truth. It abrogates the moral obligation to prove all things,
and hold fast that which is good. It revolts from the great
problem of life, which calls on us to know, and to know that
we may do. Out upon this apotheosis of doubt. It is the
sick man glorying in his infirmity, the beggar boasting of his
intellectual rags.
" The comprehensive and decisive tend naturally to the in-
cisive. The power to take a subject by its handle and poise
it on its centre is perhaps the consummation of merely intel-
lectual culture. When all its nutriment has been converted
into bone and muscle and sinew and nerve, then the mind
bounds to its work, lithe and strong, like a hunting leopard
on its game. It was exactly the power with which our Web-
ster handled his case, till it seemed to the farmer too simple
to require a great man to argue. It was the quality that
Lincoln so toiled at through his early manhood, and so ad-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 203
mirably gained, the power of presenting things clearly to
4 plain people.' You may call it ' the art of putting things,'
but it is the art of conceiving things. It is no trick of style,
but a character of thinking, and it marks the harvest-tirade of a
manly culture.
" I will add to this enumeration one other quality, one
without which this harvest will not ripen. I speak of mental
docility and reverence. A man will have looked -forth to
little purpose on the universe if he does not see that, even
with his expanding circle of light, there is an ever-enlarging
circle of darkness around it. He will have compared his
achievements with those of the race to little profit, if he
does not recognize his relative insignificance, gathering sands
on the ocean shore.
" The wide range and rapid outburst of modern learning
tend undoubtedly to arrogance and conceit. We gleefully
traverse our new strip of domain, and ask, Were there ever
such beings as we ? Yes, doubtless there were, clearer,
greater, and nobler. Wisdom, skill, and strength were not
born with us. All the qualities of manly thought, though
with ruder implements and cruder materials, have been as
conspicuously exhibited down through the ages past as in our
day. The power of governing, ability in war, diplomacy in
peace, subtle dialectics, clear insight, the art of conversation,
persuasive and impressive speech, high art in every form,
whatever constitutes the test of good manhood, has been here
in full force. It would puzzle us yet to lay the stones of Baal-
bee, or to carve, move, and set up the great statue of Rameses.
Within a generation, Euclid of Alexandria was teaching ge-
ometry in Dartmouth College, and Heraclides and Aristarchus
anticipated Copernicus by sixteen centuries. No man has sur-
passed the sculptures of Rhodes, or the paintings of the six-
teenth century. The cathedral of Cologne is the offspring of
forgotten brains. Such men as Anselm were educated on the
Trivium and Quadrivium. Five hundred years ago Merton
College could show such men as Geoffrey Chaucer, William
of Occam, and John Wickliffe. If the history of science can
produce four brighter contemporary names than Napier, Kep-
ler, Descartes, and Galileo, let them be forthcoming. But
204 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
when, still earlier by a century and a half, we behold a man
who was not only architect, engineer, and sculptor, and in
painting the rival of Angelo, but who, as Hallam proves, 4 an-
ticipated in the compass of a few pages the discoveries which
made Galileo, Kepler, Maestlin, Maurolycus, and Castelli
immortal,' it may well ' strike us,' he suggests 4 with some-
thing like the awe of supernatural knowledge ; ' and in the
presence of Leonardo da Vinci the modern scientist of highest
rank may stand with uncovered head.
" If wisdom was not born with us, neither will it die with
us. There will be something left to know. Our facts will
be tested, our theories probed, and our assertions exploded by
better minds than ours. If it be true, as Bacon says, ' pru-
dens interrogatio dimidium scienticej it is also true, 4 imprndens
assertio excidium scienticeS We are in these days treated to
4 demonstrations ' which scarcely rise to the level of presump-
tions, but, rather, of presumption. There is an accumulation
of popular dogmatism that is very likely doomed within a
century to be swept into the same oblivion with the 4 Christian
Astrology,' of William Lilly and the ' Ars Magna ' of Ray-
mond Lully a mass of rubbish that is waiting for another
Caliph Omar and the bath-fires of Alexandria.
" It will not answer to mistake the despotism of hypothesis
for the reign of law, nor physical law for the great 4 1 AM.'
True thinkers must respect other thinkers and God. They
cannot ignore the primal utterances of consciousness, the laws
of logic, nor the truths of history. Foregone conclusions are not
to bar out the deepest facts of human nature, nor the most stu-
pendous events in the story of the race. Hume may not rule
out the settled laws of evidence the moment they touch the
borders of religion ; nor may Strauss, by the simple assertion
that miracles are impossible, manacle the arm of God. Comte
may not put his extinguisher upon the great underlying veri-
ties of our being, nor Tyndall jump the iron track of his own
principles to smuggle into matter a 4 potency and promise ' of
all 4 life.' Huxley cannot play fast and loose with human vo-
lition, nor juggle the trustiness of memory into a state of con-
sciousness, to save his system ; nor may Haeckel lead us at
his own sweet creative will through fourteen stages of verte-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 205
brate and eight of invertebrate life up to the great imaginary
' monera,' the father and mother of us all. It will be time to
believe a million things in a lump when one of them is fully
proved in detail. We have no disposition, even with so emi-
nent an authority as St. George Mivart, to denominate Natural
Selection 4 a puerile hypothesis.' We will promise to pay our
respects to our ' early progenitor ' of 4 arboreal habits ' and
' ears pointed and capable of movement,' when he is honestly
identified by his ear-marks, and even ' to worship the original
fire-mist when that is properly shown to be our only Creator,
Preserver, and Bountiful Benefactor.
" Meantime, as a late king of Naples was said to have erected
the negation of God into a system of government, not a few
eager investigators seem to have assumed it as a basis of
science. And so we reach out by worship c mostly of the silent
sort ' toward the unknown and unknowable, the 4 reservoir of
organic force, the single source of power,' ourselves ' conscious
automatons' in whom 'mind is the product of the brain,'
thought, emotion, and will are but ' the expression of molecular
changes,' to whom all speculations in divinity are a ; disregard
of the proper economy of time,' and to whom, also, as one of
them has declared, 4 earth is Paradise,' and all beyond is blank.
But it was Mephistopheles who said,
" 'The little god of this world sticks to the same old way,
And is as whimsical as on creation's day ;
Life somewhat better might content him,
But for the gleam of heavenly light which thou hast lent him.
He calls it Reason thence his power's increased
To be far beastlier than any beast.
Saving thy gracious presence, he to me
A long-legged grasshopper seems to be,
That springing flies and flying springs,
And in the grass the same old ditty sings.
Would he still lay among the grass he grows in.'
" But even the man of theories might grant that the scheme
of one great, governing, guiding, loving, and holy God is a
theory that works wonders in practice for those that heartily
receive it, and is a conception of magnificence beside which
even a Nebular Hypothesis with all its grandeur grows small.
And the man of facts may as well recognize what Napoleon
206 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
saw on St. Helena, the one grand fact of the living power
of Jesus Christ in history, and to-day ; a force that is mightier
than all other forces ; a force that all other forces have in vain
endeavored to destroy, or counteract, or arrest ; a force that
has pushed its way against wit and learning and wealth and
power, and the stake and the rack and the sword and the
cannon, till it has shaped the master forces of the world, in-
spired its art, formed its social life, subsidized its great pow-
ers, and wields to-day the heavy battalions ; a force that this
hour beats in millions of hearts, all over this globe, with a
living warmth beside which the love of science and art is cold
and clammy. Surely it would be not much to ask for the
docility to recognize such patent facts as these. And I must
believe that any mind is fundamentally unhinged that despises
the profoundest convictions of the noblest hearts, or speaks
lightly "of the mighty influence that has moulded human events
and has upheaved the world. It has, in its arrogance, cut
adrift and swung off from the two grand foci of all truth, the
human and the divine.
" Of the several qualities, the wakefulness, precision, full-
ness, equipoise, and docility that form, in other words, the
motion, edge, weight, balance, and direction of the forged and
tempered intellect, I might give many instances. Such
men as Thomas Arnold and Mr. Gladstone instantly rise to
the thoughts, the one by his truth-seeking and truth-find-
ing spirit moulding a generation of English scholars, the other
carrying by the sheer force of his clear-cut intellect and mag-
nanimous soul the sympathies of a great nation and the ad-
miration of Christendom. But let me rather single out one
name from the land of specialties and limitations, Barthold
George Niebuhr, the statesman and historian. Not perfect,
indeed, but admirable. See him begin in his early youth by
saying, c I do not ask myself whether I can do a thing ; I
command myself to do it.' Read the singular sketch of his
intellectual gymnastics at twenty-one, spurring himself to
4 inward deep voluntary thought,' 4 guarding against society
and dissipation,' devoting an hour each day to clearing up his
thoughts on given subjects, and two hours to the round of
physical sciences ; exacting of himself 4 an extensive knowl-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 207
edge of the facts ' of science and history ; holding himself
alike accountable for minute 'description,' 'accurate defini-
tions,' ' general laws,' ' deep reflection,' and ' distinct con-
sciousness of the rules of my moral being,' together with what
he calls the holy resolve ' more and more to purify my soul,
so that it may be ready at all times to return to the eternal
source.' How intensely he toiled to counteract a certain con-
scious German one-sidedness of mind, visiting England to
study all the varied phenomena of its robust life, and yet writ-
ing home from London, at twenty-two, ( I positively shrink
from associating with the young men on account of their un-
bounded dissoluteness.' His memory, not inferior to that of
Macaulay or Scaliger, he made strictly the servant of his
thinking. Amid all the speculative tendencies of Germany,
he became a man of facts and affairs. Overflowing with de-
&
tails, he probed the facts of history to the quick, and felt for
its heart. Fertile in theory, he preserved the truth of science
so pure as 4 in the sight of God,' not ' to write the very small-
est thing as certain, of which he was not fully convinced,' nor
to overstrain the weight of a conjecture, nor even to cite as
his own the verified quotation he had gained from another.
Practicing on his own maxim to ' open the heart to sincere
veneration for all excellence ' in human act and thought, not
even his profound admiration for the surpassing genius of
Goethe could draw him into sympathy with the heartlessness
and colossal egoism of his later career. In the midst of public
honors he valued more than all his delightful home and liter-
ary life, and his motto was Tecum habita. Surrounded by
Pyrrhonism, and bent by the nature of his studies toward
skeptical habits, how grandly he recovered himself in his ma-
turity, and said, ' I do not know what to do with a meta-
physical God, and I will have none but the God of the Bible,
who is heart to heart with us.' ' My son shall believe in the
letter of the Old and New Testaments, and I shall nurture in
him from his infancy a firm faith in all that I have lost or feel
uncertain about.' And his last written utterance, signed
' Your Old Niebuhr,' contains a lament that ' depth, sincerity,
originality, heart and affection are disappearing,' and that
' shallowness and arrogance are becoming universal.' After
208 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
all allowances for whatever of defect, one can well point to
such a character as an illustrious example of true and manly
culture.
" Shall I say that such a culture as I have endeavored to
sketch, it is, and will be, the aim of Dartmouth College to
stimulate ? I cannot, at the close of this discourse, compare
in detail its methods with the end in view, and show their
fitness. The original and central college is surrounded by its
several departments, partly or wholly professional, each hav-
ing its own specialty and excellence. The central college seeks
to give that rounded education commonly called Liberal, and
to give it in its very best estate. It will aim to engraft on the
stock that is approved by the collective wisdom of the past,
all such scions of modern origin as mark a real progress. By
variety of themes and methods it would stimulate the mental
activity, and by the breadth of its range it would encourage
fullness of material, both physical and metaphysical, scientific
and historic. It initiates into the chief languages of Europe.
By the close, protracted concentration of the mathematics, by
the intuitions, careful distinctions, and fundamental investiga-
tions of intellectual and ethical science, arid by the broad prin-
ciples of political economy, constitutional and international
law, as well as by a round of original discussions on themes
of varied character, it aims to induce precision and mastery.
And all . along this line runs and mingles harmoniously and
felicitously that great branch of study for which, though often
severely assailed because unwisely defended or inadequately
pursued, the revised and deliberate judgment of the ablest
and wisest men can find no fair substitute, the study of
the classic tongues. Grant that it may be, and often is, me-
chanically or pedantically pursued. Yet, when rightly pros-
ecuted, its benefits are wide, deep, and continuous, more
than can be easily set forth and they range through the
whole scale, rising with the gradual expansion of the mind.
It comprises subtle distinctions, close analysis, broad gener-
alization, and that balancing of evidence which is the basis
of all moral reasoning; it tracks the countless shadings of
human thought, and their incarnation in the growths of
speech, and seizes, in Comparative Philology, the universal
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. . 209
affinities of the race : it passes in incessant review the stores
of the mother tongue ; it furnishes the constant clew to the
meaning of the vernacular, a basis for the easy study of mod-
ern European languages, and a key to the terminology of
science and art ; it 'familiarizes intimately with many of the
most remarkable monuments of genius and culture ; and it im-
bues with the history, life, and thought which have prompted,
shaped, and permeated all that is notable in the intellectual
achievements of two thousand years, and binds together the
whole republic of letters. To such a study as this we must
do honor. We endeavor to add so much of the esthetic and
ethical element throughout as shall give grace and worth.
And we crown the whole with some teaching concerning the
track of that amazing power that has overmastered all other
powers, and stamped its impress on all modern history. The
college was given to Christ in its infancy, and the message
that comes down through a century to our ears, sounds not
so much like the voice of a president as of an high-priest and
prophet the ' burden of Eleazar : ' 4 It is my purpose,
by the grace of God, to leave nothing undone within my
power which is suitable to be done, that this school of the
prophets may be, and long continue to be, a pure fountain.
And I do, with my whole heart, will this my purpose to my
successors in the presidency of the seminary, to the latest
posterity ; and it is my last will, never to be revoked, and to
God I commit it, and my only hope and confidence for the
execution of it is in Him alone who has already done great
things for it, and does still own it as his cause.' God has
never yet revoked the 'last will' of Wheelock. The col-
lege is as confessedly a Christian college as in the days of her
origin ; and in the impending conflict she sails up between
the batteries of the enemy with her flag nailed to the mast
and her captain lashed to the rigging.
44 The college stands to-day in its ideal and the intention
of its managers, representative of the best possible training
for a noble manhood. And I may venture to say, here and
now, that if there be anything known to be yet lacking to
the full attainment of that conception, if anything needs to
be added to make this, in the fullest sense, the peer of the
14
210 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
best college in the land, it will be the endeavor of the Trus-
tees and the Faculty to add that thing.
" Dartmouth College is fortunate in many particulars.
Fortunate in its situation, so picturesque and so quiet, fitted
for faithful study, and full of healthful influences, physical
and moral ; fortunate in being the one ancient and honored as
well as honoring college of this commonwealth ; fortunate in
enjoying the full sympathy of the people around and the en-
tire confidence of the Christian community of the land ; for-
tunate in the great class of young men who seek her instruc-
tion, with their mature characters, simple habits, manly aims,
and resolute purposes ; fortunate in a laborious Faculty, whose
well-earned fame from time to time brings honorable and
urgent calls to carry their light to other and wealthier seats
of learning ; fortunate in her magnificent roll of alumni,
unsurpassed in its average of good manhood and excellent
work, and bright with names of transcendent lustre. The
genius of the place bespeaks our reverence and awe. For to
the mind's eye this sequestered spot is peopled to overflowing
with youthful forms that went forth to all the lands of the
earth to do valiantly in the battle of life. Across this quiet
green there comes moving again invisibly a majestic procession
of the faithful and the strong, laden with labors and with
honors. In these seats there can almost be seen to sit once
more a hoary and venerable array of the great and good
whose names are recorded on earth and whose home is in
heaven. And over us there seems to hover to-day a great
cloud of witnesses spirits of the just made perfect. It is
good to be here. I only pray that the new arm may not
prove too weak to bear the banner in this great procession of
the ages."
CHAPTER XX.
PROF. JOHN SMITH. PROF. SYLVANUS RIPLEY. PROF.
BEZALEEL WOODWARD.
HAVING completed our survey of the work of the successive
presidents, the deceased professors now claim our attention.
The following sketch of the life and labors of Prof. John
Smith, is, in substance, from " Sprague's Annals of the Amer-
ican Pulpit."
" John Smith, son of Joseph and Elisabeth (Palmer) Smith,
was born at Newbury, (Byfield parish,) Mass., December 21,
1752. His mother was a descendant of the Sawyer family,
which came from England to this country in 1643, and settled
in Rowley, where she was born. The son was fitted for col-
lege at Dummer Academy, under the instruction of the well
known 4 Master Moody.' He early discovered an uncommon
taste for the study of the languages, insomuch that his in-
structor predicted, while he was yet in his preparatory course,
that he would attain to eminence in that department.
" He entered the Junior class in Dartmouth College, in 1771,
at the time of the first Commencement in that institution.
He went to Hanover in company with his preceptor and Gov-
ernor Wentworth, and so new and unsettled was a portion of
the country through which they passed, that they were obliged
to encamp one night in the woods. Their arrival at Hanover
excited great interest, and was celebrated by the roasting of
an ox whole, at the Governor's expense, on a small cleared
spot, near where the college now stands.
" He was admitted to the degree of Bachelor of Arts in
1773 ; and immediately after, was appointed preceptor of
Moor's school at Hanover. This appointment he accepted ;
and, while discharging his duty as a teacher, was also engaged
in the study of Theology under the direction of President
212 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Wheelock. In 1774 he was appointed tutor in the college,
and continued in the office until 1778. About this time he
received an invitation to settle in the ministry in West Hart-
ford Conn., and, in the course of the same year, was elected
professor of Languages in the college where he had been edu-
cated. His strong predilection for classical studies led him
to accept the latter appointment ; and until 1787 he joined
to the duties of a professor those of a tutor, receiving for all
his services one hundred pounds, lawful money, annually.
His professorship he retained till the close of his life. He
was college librarian for thirty years, from 1779 to 1809.
For two years he delivered lectures on Systematic Theology,
in college, in connection with the public prayers on Saturday
evening. He was a Trustee of the college from 1788 to the
time of his death. He also officiated for many years as stated
preacher in the village of Hanover. In 1803, the degree of
Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by Brown Uni-
versity.
"Dr. Smith's abundant and unceasing labors' as a professor,
a minister, and an author, proved too much for his constitu-
tion, and are supposed to have hastened him out of life. He
died in the exercise of a most serene and humble faith, on the
30th of April, 1809, in the fifty-seventh year of his age. His
funeral sermon was preached by the Rev. Dr. Burroughs of
Hanover.
" Dr. Smith was enthusiastically devoted to the study of lan-
guages through life. He prepared a Hebrew Grammar in his
Junior year in college, which is dated May 14, 1772 ; and a
revised preparation is dated February 11, 1774. About this
time he also prepared a Chaldee Grammar. The original
manuscript of these grammars, as also the greater part of his
lectures on Theology, is deposited in the Library of the North-
ern Academy of Arts and Sciences at Dartmouth College. As
early as 1779, he prepared a Latin Grammar, which was first
published in 1802, and has gone through three editions. In
1803 he published a Hebrew Grammar ; in 1804, an edition
of " Cicero de Oratore," with notes, and a brief memoir of
Cicero, in English; and in 1809, a Greek Grammar, which
was issued about the time of his decease. He published
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 213
also a Sermon at the dedication of the meeting house at Han-
over, 1796, and a Sermon at the ordination of T. Eastman,
1801.
" Prof. Roswell Shurtleff, D. D., says of him : 4 Dr. Smith
was rather above the middling stature, straight, and well pro-
portioned. His head was well formed, though blanched and
bald somewhat in advance of his years. His face, too, as to
its lineaments, was very regular and comely. His eyes were
of a light-blue color, and tolerably clear.
" 4 As a linguist, he was minutely accurate, and faithful to
his pupils, although I used to doubt whether he was familiar
with the classic writers much beyond the field of his daily in-
structions. But in his day, philology, like many other sci-
ences, was comparatively in its cradle, especially in this
country. His reputation in his profession depended chiefly
on the recitations ; and there he was perfect to a proverb.
The student never thought of appealing from his decision.
" ' In his disposition he was very kind and obliging, and re-
markably tender of the feelings of his pupils a civility
which was always duly returned.
" ' In religious sentiment, he was unexceptionabry orthodox,
though fearful of Hopkinsianism, which made some noise in
the country at that period. His voice was full and clear, and
his articulation very distinct. His sermons were written out
with great accuracy, but were perhaps deficient in pungency
of application. On the whole, he could hardly be considered
a popular preacher.
" 4 Professor Smith was a man of uncommon industry. This
must be apparent from what he accomplished. Besides his
two recitations daily, he supplied the college and village with
preaching for about twenty years, and exchanged pulpits but
very seldom ; and, in the mean time, was almost constantly
engaged in some literary enterprise. I well remember a con-
versation with the late President Brown, then a tutor in col-
lege, soon after the professor died, in which we agreed in
the opinion, that we had known no man of the same natural
endowments, who had been more useful, or who had occupied
his talent to better advantage.' '
214 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
We give the substance of some leading points of a notice of
Professor Smith, in the " Memoirs of Wheelock."
" In 1809 the college experienced an immense loss, in the
death of Dr. Smith. He had devoted his life chiefly to the
study of languages. No other professor in any college of the
continent, had so long sustained the office of instructor ; none
had been more happy, useful, or diligent. Though indefati-
gable in his studies, he was always social and pleasant with
his friends, entirely free from that reserve and melancholy, not
infrequent with men of letters. At an early age he obtained
the honors of this seminary, and even while a young man was
appointed professor of the Oriental Languages. These were
the smallest moiety of his merit and his fame. Without that
intuitive genius, which catches the relation of things at a
glance, by diligence, by laborious study, by invincible perse-
verance, which set all difficulties at defiance, he rose in his
professorship with unrivaled lustre. He, like a marble pillar,
supported this seminary of learning. This fact is worth a
thousand volumes of speculation, to prove .the happy and
noble fruits of well-directed diligence in study. But the best
portrait of Dr. Smith is drawn by President Wheelock, in
his eulogium on his friend, from which we make the following
extract.
" 4 Early in life, so soon as his mind was susceptible of
rational improvement, his father entered him at Dummer
school, under the instruction of Mr. Samuel Moody. It is
unnecessary to take notice of the development of his juvenile
mind, his attention to literature, and especially his delight in
the study of the ancient, Oriental Languages. That distin-
guished master contemplated the height, to which he would
rise in this department; and his remark on him, when leaving
the school to enter this institution, was equal to a volume of
eulogy.
" ' His mind was not wholly isolated in one particular
branch. Philosophy, geography, criticism, and other parts of
philology, held respectable rank in his acquirements ; but
these yielded to a prevailing bias : the investigations of lan-
guage unceasingly continued his favorite object. The knowl-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 215
edge of the Hebrew with his propensity led him to the study
of Theology. He filled the office of tutor in the college, when
an invitation was made to him from Connecticut to settle in
the ministry.
" 'At this period, in the year 1778, the way was open to a
professorship in the learned languages. On him the public
eye was fixed. He undertook the duties, and entered the
career of more splendid services in the republic of letters.
His solicitude and labors were devoted to the institution, dur-
ing its infantile state embarrassed by the Revolutionary war.
He alleviated the burdens of the reverend founder of this
establishment ; and administered comfort and solace to him
in his declining days.
44 4 From that period in 1779, Dr. Smith continued indefat-
igable in mental applications ; faithful in the discharge of
official duties ; and active for the interest of the society,
through scenes of trouble and adversity. The board of Trus-
tees elected him a member of their body. The church at the
college, founded by my predecessor, intrusted with him, as
pastor, their spiritual concerns, and were prospered under his
prudent and pious care. God blessed his labors ; a golden
harvest reminds us of the last. To the force of his vari-
ous exertions, under Divine Providence, justice demands
that we ascribe much in the rise and splendor of this estab-
lishment.
" 4 While surveying the circle of knowledge, and justly esti-
mating the relative importance of its different branches, still
his eye was more fixed on classical science ; and his attach-
ment seemed to concentrate the force of genius in developing
the nature of language, and the principles of the learned
tongues, on which the modern so much depend for their per-
fection. The Latin, the Greek, and the Hebrew, were almost
as familiar to him as his native language. He clearly com-
prehended the Samaritan and Chaldaic ; and far extended his
researches in the Arabic.
44 4 The eminent attainments of Dr. Smith in the knowledge
of the languages are attested by multitudes, scattered in the
civilized world, who enjoyed his instruction. They will be
attested, in future times, by his Latin Grammar, published
216 DAETMOUTH COLLEGE.
about seven years ago ; and by his Hebrew Grammar, which
has since appeared. In each of these works, in a masterly
manner, he treats of every matter proper for the student to
know. Each subject is displayed, in a new method, with per-
spicuity, conciseness, simplicity, and classic taste. His Greek
Grammar, we may suppose, will exhibit the same traits, when
it shall meet the public eye. This last labor he had finished,
and committed to the printer a few months before his de-
cease.
" 4 If we turn to take a moral view of this distinguished vo-
tary of science, new motives will increase our esteem. What
shall I say of the purity of his manners, his integrity and
amiable virtues ? These are too strongly impressed on the
minds of all, who knew him, to need description. He was
possessed of great modesty, and a degree of reserve, appearing
at times to indicate diffidence, in the view of those less ac-
quainted. But this, itself, was an effusion of his goodness,
which led to yielding accomodation in matters of minor con-
cern : yet, however, when the interest of virtue, or society,
required him to act, he formed his own opinion, and proceeded
with unshaken firmness. Those intimately acquainted with
him can bear witness ; and it is confirmed by invariable traits
in his principles and practice, during life.
" ' The virtues of Dr. Smith were not compressed within
the circle of human relations, which vanish with time. Con-
templating the first cause, the connections and dependencies
in the moral state, his mind was filled with a sense of inter-
minable duties. He was a disciple of Jesus. The former
president admired and loved him, and taught him Theology.
An amiable spirit actuated his whole life, and added peculiar
splendor to the closing scene.
" ' His intense pursuit of science affected his constitution,
and produced debility, which, more than two years before,
began to be observed by his friends. It gradually increased,
but not greatly to interrupt his applications till six weeks
before his death. While I revive the affliction at his depart-
ure, its accompanying circumstances will assuage our sorrow.
The thoughts of his resignation to Divine Providence, through
1 It was afterward published and much approved.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 217
all the stages of a disease, that rapidly preyed upon his vitals,
his composure, serenity, and Christian confidence, remain for
the consolation of his friends, and instruction of all.
" ' The fame of Dr. Smith does not arise from wealth, nor
descent from titled ancestors. It has no borrowed lustre. He
was indebted wholly to his genius, his labors, and his virtues.
His monument will exist in the hearts of his acquaintance ;
and in the future respect of those, who shall derive advantage
from his exertions.
" ' In the immense loss, which his dear family sustain, they
have saved a precious legacy ; his example, and lessons of
social and religious duties. The church, with mournful regret,
will retain the tenderest affection for their venerable pastor.
What shall I say of this seat of science, now covered with
cypress ? Those who have trod its hallowed walks, will never
forget his instructions, nor the benevolent effusions of his
heart. Where, in the ranges of cultivated society, is one to
be found, qualified with those rare endowments, which can
supply the chasm made by his death ? ' '
We insert in its appropriate place the contract made with
Professor Smith by President Wheelock. 1
His first wife was Mary, daughter of Rev. Ebenezer Cleave-
land, of Gloucester, Mass., his second wife was Susan, daugh-
ter of David Mason, of Boston, Mass.
PROF. SYLVANUS RIPLEY, who filled the chair of Divin-
ity from 178*2 to 1787, was the son of Jonathan Ripley, and
was born at Halifax, Mass., September 29, 1749.
In introducing him to the favorable notice of Mr. Whee-
lock, previous to the commencement of his religious life, Rev.
William Patten says : " Gracious exercises alone excepted, I
know not a more promising young man."
Some extracts from President Wheelock's " Narratives,"
relating to Prof. Ripley's missionary labors, are worthy of at-
tention.
" Mr. Sylvanus Ripley, who finished his course of collegi-
ate studies here last fall, very cheerfully complied with the
openings of Providence, to undertake a mission to the tribes
1 See Appendix.
218 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
in Canada, and accordingly prepared for that purpose, and
set out with Lieut. Thomas Taylor, whom he had made choice
of for his companion in that tour, as he had been long a cap-
tive with the French and Indians in those parts, and was well
acquainted with the customs of both, and with their country,
and could serve him as an interpreter. He sat out July 17,
well recommended to the Lieut.-governor and Commander-in-
chief, and others of that province, by his Excellency Governor
Wentworth, and others. The special design of his journey
was to see what door, or doors, was, or might be opened for
him, or others, to go as missionaries among them, to open a
way for intercourse between them and this school, and obtain
a number of suitable youth, if it may be, to receive an educa-
tion here ; in the choice of which, he will have special respect
to the children, whose parents were in former wars captivated
by the Indians, and were naturalized, and married among
them."
" September 26, 1772. A delay of sending the foregoing
narrative to the press, gives an opportunity to oblige my
friends with a short account of the success of Mr. Ripley's
mission to Canada.
" He returned on the 21st instant, with his companion and
interpreter, Lieut. Taylor, and brought with them ten youths,
eight belonging to the tribe at Caughnawaga, near Montreal,
and two of the tribe at Lorette, near Quebec. Soon after his
arrival at the former of these places, he made known to them
the errand on which he was sent, and disclosed the proposal
of sending a number of their children to this school for an
education ; and left it to their consideration, till he should go
and wait upon the Commander-in-chief of that province at
Quebec. And after he had passed through the small-pox,
which he took by inoculation, as it was judged unsafe for him
to travel that country without it, he went to Quebec. But
his Honor the Governor, as well as other English gentlemen,
were apprehensive that the Indians were so bigoted to the
Romish religion, that there was no hope of success, and ad-
vised him not to go on that errand to Lorette : he accordingly
returned without visiting them as he proposed.
" But on his coming to Caughnawaga he found there two
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 219
likely young men of the tribe at Lorette, who set out with
a design to go to Sir William Johnson, with a single view to
find a school in which they might get useful knowledge.
They had heard nothing of Mr. Ripley, nor of any such design
as he was upon in their favor, till they came to Caughnawaga,
which is 180 miles on their way to Sir William's, and on hear-
ing of the proposal Mr. Ripley had made, they waited five
weeks at that place for his return, and on his coming complied
with his offer of taking them into this school with cheerful-
ness. The same day a council of the chiefs of that tribe was
called to consider of the proposal of sending their children to
this school, which Mr. Ripley had left to their consideration,
in which they were to a man agreed in the affirmative, and
acknowledged with gratitude the benevolence and kindness
of the offer. They continued united and firm to the last in
that determination against the most warm and zealous remon-
strances of their priest, both in public and private ; in conse-
quence of which determination, nine of their boys were made
ready to accompany Mr. Ripley hither ; three of which were
children or descendants from captives, who had been capti-
vated when they were young, and lived with them till they
were naturalized and married among them."
A later " Narrative " says :
"The beginning of May [1773], the Rev. Mr. Ripley and
Mr. Dean sat out on a mission to visit the Indians at Penob-
scott, and on the Bay of Fundy, as they should find encour-
agement, agreeable to representations heretofore made of a
door open for service among them."
They had a good measure of success, in some respects, in
this mission.
The following tribute to Professor Ripley is from the
" Memoirs of Wheelock."
44 In the winter of 1786-7, the college experienced the loss
of an eminent instructor, the Rev. Sylvanus Ripley. He was
suddenly called from his labors, in the vigor of life and the
midst of extensive usefulness.
" After taking his degree in 1771, in the first class which
received the honors of the college, he continued with Mr.
Wheelock as a tutor in the college. In 1775, he was ap-
220 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
pointed master of Moor's Charity School, and in 1779, upon
the decease of Dr. Wheelock, he succeeded him in the pas-
toral care of the church in the college, and soon after was
elected professor of Divinity. Professor Ripley was a learned
man, an orthodox divine, an evangelical and popular preacher.
His eloquence had nothing artificial or studied. His sermons
were seldom written ; his manner was pleasing and winning,
his words flowed as promptly and readily in the pulpit as in
the social circle."
Professor Ripley died at Hanover, February 5, 1787, of in-
juries received in a fall from his carriage, while returning
from a religious service in a distant part of the town.
His wife was Abigail, daughter of Pres. Eleazar Wheelock.
BEZALEEL WOODWARD, the first professor of mathematics
in the college, was the son of Israel and Mary (Sims) Wood-
ward, and a descendant of Henry Woodward of Dorchester,
Mass., 1638, and Northampton, Mass., 1639, where he was
one of the " seven pillars " of the church formed there in 1661.
He was born at Lebanon, Conn., July 16, 1745, and graduated
at Yale College in 1764.
In 1767, Mr. Wheelock refers to him as an associate teach-
er, and " a dear youth, willing to do anything in his power " to
aid him. The school is said to have been put on a college basis,
in the matter of study, in 1768, with Mr. Woodward as tutor.
The following letter addressed to President Wheelock illus-
trates the versatile nature of his talents :
" LEBANON Sepr 6 th 1770.
" REV d & HON d SIR.
" Bingham arrived home well last week, and proposes to
set out with two teams about the 18 th Ins*. We have all of
us been endeavouring to expedite the removal ever since he
came home but I fear Madam will not be able to set out so
soon. She with Miss Nabby propose to ride in the Post
Chaise as soon as they can possibly be ready. Hutchinson is
to drive it for them. The Scholars will likely the most of
them foot it when Bingham goes. Abraham & Daniel seem to
resent it that they in particular should be sat to drive the Cows
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 221
the Doctor mentioned in his to me & the English Scholars be
excused from it. I have not procured Cows as yet we have
all been doing & shall do every thing in our power. Madam
is so weak that a little croud overcomes her, that she has her
poor turns very often ; tho' on the whole I hope she is on the
mending hand. I fear the fatigue of preparing & the journey
will be too much for her be sure unless she takes both very
leisurely but God is able to support her. By ths tenor of
the Doctor's Letters I apprehend he has forgot my proposed
Journey to the eastward, which I would neglect, and with
vigor pursue the grand object, the removal; for I see need
enough that every one who is able to do any thing towards
preparing should be doubly "active now. I see eno' & more
than eno' that is important and necessary to be done, & I
never had a greater disposition to exert myself in getting
things forward but I have had such a croud of affairs on
my mind, & still have, & must have so long as I continue
here, that my health is so much impaired, my constitution
become so brittle, & my nerves so weak, that I am rendered
entirely unfit for application to any business at present ; &
therefore that I may be fit for some kind of business the en-
suing winter I am advised and think it highly expedient &
neccessary that I take my Journey soon (before I am rendered
unable to do it) and Providence seems to point out my duty
to set out to-morrow, tho' it is with the greatest reluctance
that I do it, on acco* of the need of help here, but I am unfit
to do anything to purpose if I stay. M r MacCluer will do all
in his power, tho' he is obliged (agreeable to the Doctor's
directions) to attend Comencement next week to collect Sub-
scriptions he'll do all he can before he goes, & after he re-
turns what is done must be done in a hurry and confusion,
& what cannot be done must remain undone. We have been
examining the Scholars this week (& find they make a pretty
good appearance) besides which we have done all we could
that I might leave affairs in the best manner. My present
proposal is to go to Boston & settle affairs thence to Salem
& visit dear Doctor Whitaker thence perhaps to Portsmouth
then either return & accompany Madam & Family to
Cohos (which I think of doing if I can get back in season)
222 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
or go directly from Portsmouth to Cohos in either case I
hope to be with the Doctor within a month. I want much
I long to see you. I want to do more, much more than I am
able, to assist in removing but the wise Governor of the
Universe seems to forbid my doing much. I desire to commit
the conduct of affairs to him. I shall endeavour as far as I
am able to comply with all the D r desires in his letters
shall carry the letter to M r Whitefield to Boston myself. I
shall write to M r Keen a general Sketch of affairs. I hope to
be able when I see the D r & the Trustees meet to be able to
determine what to do the ensuing winter. This Parish have
M r Potter to preach next Sabath & expect M r Austin after
that. M r Austin is now asleep in your house. I expect
M r Wheelock will be at home the last of next week or begin-
ning of week after. Mary & Cloe I expect will ride up in
the Carts. Porter, Judson & Collins are to set out next
Monday (at their desire) that they may assist in making
preparation. School must (I think) unavoidably break up
till they remove. Scholars have been much engaged in study
(especially in the Art of Speaking) since the Doctor went
away. If Scholars are engaged Instructors must be so too
and if Instructors are diligent and faithful, Scholars will make
improvement. We cannot learn that the duty on tea is taken
off ; and I expect difficulty in disposing of Bills ; but shall do
the best I can. I have tho'ts of carrying a Set to Boston. Is
it not best to desire Miss Zurviah [Sprague] not to engage
herself in business 'till the Doctor's mind can be known re-
specting her going to Cohos I know not where one can be
had to supply her place (omnibus consideratio) will the D r
write his mind respecting it in his next ? I have many things
to say ; but it is now between 1 & 2 o'Clock in y e morning,
and I find nature flags. I could get no other time to write.
I have neither time nor strength to copy, therefore hope the
D r will excuse the scrawl from him who is with much duty &
esteem Rev d & hon d Sir,
" Your obedient and humble Serv*.
" BEZA WOODWARD.
" N. B. Family are all asleep. Please give love to Ripley
&c. &c.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 223
The " Memoirs of Wheelock " contain the following para-
graph relating to Professor Woodward :
" At the anniversary commencement of 1804, the Honor-
able Bezaleel Woodward, professor of Mathematics and Phi-
losophy, departed this life. He had fulfilled the duties of a
professor and Tutor from the foundation of the college. His
profound knowledge of the abstruse and useful science of
Mathematics, the facility of his instructions in natural and
experimental Philosophy and Ethics, his condescending and
amiable manners, will be long and gratefully remembered by
those who have received the benefit of his instructions."
The "Monthly Anthology and Massachusetts Magazine"
for September, 1804, has the following notice of Professor
Woodward :
" Died at Hanover, New Hampshire, August 25, Hon. Beza-
leel Woodward, Professor of Mathematics and Philosophy
in Dartmouth College. Professor Woodward was born at
Lebanon, in the State of Connecticut. In the twentieth year
of his age he graduated at Yale College, 1T64. After a few
years successfully employed in the ministry, he was elected a
tutor in this university. Here he soon displayed such tal-
ents and improvements, such readiness of thought and ease of
communication, that he was appointed to the office of pro-
fessor in Mathematics and Philosophy. The dignity with
which he discharged the duties of his station is witnessed by
all who have shared in his instruction. In the civil depart-
ment, and as a member of society, he was no less eminent
than as an instructor in college. We might also add his
usefulness in the church of Christ at this place, of which he
was long a worthy member, and high in the esteem and affec-
tions of his Christian brethren.
" His remains were interred on Tuesday, the 28th. The
Rev. Doctor Smith delivered upon the occasion a well-adapted
discourse. The officers, Trustees, and members of the col-
lege joined as mourners with the afficted family, and the
solemities were attended by a very numerous collection of
friends and acquaintance.
" The alumni of Dartmouth will join with its present officers
and members in deploring the loss of a faithful and able
224 DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE.
instructor. Those who visited him in his late illness have
had a specimen of decaying greatness, alleviated by an ap-
proving conscience, and sustained by resignation and hope.
The friends of science will lament the departure of one of its
enlightened patrons. Society sympathizes with the bereaved
family, retaining a lively sense of his public and domestic vir-
tues ; and a numerous acquaintance will mingle their grief in
bemoaning the loss of a sincere friend, a valuable citizen, and
an exemplary Christian."
The records of the public life of Professor Woodward are
thoroughly interwoven with the history of northern New Eng-
land. Few pioneers in the valley of the upper Connecticut
did more to promote the general welfare of the community.
His wife was Mary, daughter of Pres. Eleazar Wheelock.
CHAPTER XXI.
PROF. JOHN HUBBARD. PROF. ROSWELL SHURTLEFF.
PROF. JOHN HUBBARD succeeded Professor Woodward.
We quote from a published eulogy by Rev. Elijah Parish,
D. D., his college classmate.
" The Hon. John Hubbard, the son of John and Hannah
(Johnson) Hubbard, late Professor of Mathematics and Nat-
ural Philosophy in this university, was born in Townsend,
Mass., August 8, 1759. Dark and dismal was the dawn
of that life, which has been so fair and luminous. Five
months before his birth his father died, and this, in his last
moments, when his children stood weeping round his dying
bed, he made use of as an argument of consolation to them,
entreating them not to weep, for God had taken care of him
when a fatherless infant. During his minority most of his
time was employed in the labors of agriculture. At the age
of twenty-one he commenced his studies, and the next year
became a member of this institution. In the second year of
his residence at college, when many were awakened to a re-
ligious sense of divine things, our friend was one of the happy
number. His subsequent life and death have proved that his
conversion was not imaginary. While this increases our loss,
it is the best reason for consolation.
" In his college life Mr. Hubbard was a youthful cedar of
Lebanon. He gave visible tokens of his approaching emi-
nence. So tenacious was his memory, that his progress in
the languages was remarkably rapid. While he lived, the
Greek and Roman writers were his amusement ; and with a
taste refined, he was charmed with their classic beauties ; his
memory was stored with numerous favorite passages.
" On leaving college, his love of study, his delight in re-
15
226 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
ligious inquiries, his devout regard for the best interests of
man, led him to the study of theology. Becoming a preacher
of the gospel, his voice, naturally small and feeble, was found
to be ill adapted to such an employment. After a fair exper-
iment his good sense forbade him to persevere. The transi-
tion was easy to his ' delightful task to teach the young idea
how to shoot,' and form the minds of youth to science and
virtue. Of the academy in New Ipswich he was elected pre-
ceptor. Under his able instruction that seminary rose to dis-
tinction, and became a favorite of the public. Some who
were his pupils are already eminent in the walks of litera-
ture.
" After several years, quitting this situation, he was ap-
pointed Judge of Probate for the County of Cheshire. This
office was peculiarly adapted to that gentle and tender phil-
anthrophy for which he was remarkable. It was luxury to
him to comfort the widow and the fatherless. The blended
resolution and exquisite sensibilities of his heart qualified him,
in a singular manner, impartially to weigh the claims of jus-
tice and compassion. But this situation was not congenial
with his love of study, and his delight in the instruction of
youth, which was so pleasant, that he declared he would make
it the business of his life. Accordingly he accepted the invi-
tation of Deerfield Academy, Massachusetts, where for several
years he continued with great reputation. After the death
of Professor Woodward, who had, from its origin, been an
able instructor in this university, he wa's elected his successor
in the Professorship of Mathematics and Philosophy. So high
was his reputation, that a successor of common attainments
could not have satisfied the raised expectations of the public.
To supply the place of such a man was the arduous task as-
signed to Mr. Hubbard. His success equaled the fond hopes
of his friends. Here you rejoiced in his light ; here he spent
his last and his best days ; here he had full scope for the vari-
ous, the versatile powers of his vigorous mind. His amiable
virtues, his profound learning, you cheerfully acknowledged.
" He had a happy facility in illustrating the practical ad-
vantages of every science. He not only explained its prin
ciples, but traced its relation to other branches of knowledge.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 227
Not satisfied by merely ascertaining facts, he explored the
cause, the means, the ultimate design of their existence.
" Though he has been my intimate friend from cheerful
youth, yet neither inspired by his genius, nor enriched with
his attainments, it is not possible I should do justice to his
merits. His person, muscular and vigorous, indicated the en-
ergy of his mind. Every feature of his face expressed the
mildness of his spirit ; never did I witness in him the appear-
ance of anger. Without that undescribable configuration
which constitutes beauty, his countenance was pleasing and
commanded respect. Without formality or art, his manners
were refined and delicate ; his address was conciliatory and
winning. By his social and compliant temper he was calculated
for general society. Though instructed ' in the learning of
Egypt,' and the civilized world, he was too discreet and be-
nevolent to humble others by his superior lustre. His light
was mild and clear, like that of the setting sun. He had
no ambition to shine, or to court applause. More disposed to
make others pleased with themselves than to excite their admi-
ration, it is not strange that he was universally beloved. His
heart was impressed with an exquisite sense of moral obliga-
tions. In every passing event, in every work of nature, the
formation of a lake, a river, a cataract, a mountain, he saw
God. When as a philosopher, surrounded with the apparatus
of science, extending his researches to the phenomena of the
universe, amazed at the minuteness of some objects, astonished
at the magnitude and magnificence of others, his mind was
transported ; when he explored the heavens, and saw worlds
balancing worlds, and other suns enlightening other systems,
his senses were ravished with the wisdom, the power, the
goodness of the Almighty Architect. On these subjects he
often declaimed, with the learning of an astronomer, the sim-
plicity of an apostle, the eloquence of a prophet. He illus-
trated the moral and religious improvement of the sciences ;
the views of his students were enlarged ; the sciences became
brilliant stars to irradiate the hemisphere of Christianity.
The perfect agreement between sound learning and true re-
ligion was a favorite theme of his heart. This remark is con-
firmed by his conversation, his letters, his lectures.
228 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" In theology his researches were not those of a polemic
divine, but of a Christian, concerned for his own salvation
and the salvation of others."
Professor Hubbard published several works, one of them
being entitled " Rudiments of Geography." He died at Han-
over, August 14, 1810.
His wife was Rebecca, daughter of Dr. John Preston, of
New Ipswich.
Mr. ROSWELL SHURTLEFF was elected the second profes-
sor of Divinity in the college. We give some of the more
important points in a published " Discourse," by Professor
Long :
" Roswell Shurtleff, the son of William and Hannah (Cady)
Shurtleff, was born at Ellington, then East Windsor, Ct.,
August 29, 1773. He was the youngest of nine children,
two of whom died before he was born. From his earliest
years he was fond of reading, and at school he was called a
good scholar. His religious training was carefully attended
to, and to this, and the Christian example which accompanied
it, he ascribed his conversion, and the views he subsequently
embraced of the Christian doctrines.
" When he was seven or eight years old he had many
serious thoughts of God and duty. The requirement that he
should give up all for God, as he understood it, filled him with
gloom.
" During several of the subsequent years, the subject of
religion dwelt on his mind, and he was occasionally deeply
impressed. One of the difficult things was to comprehend the
notion of faith. The promise was : ' He that believeth and
is baptized shall be saved.' He believed, as he supposed, and
he had been baptized, but he could not feel that he was safe.
Must he believe that he, personally, should be saved ? But
what if he mistook his own character, and believed what was
false ; would his opinion of his safety make him safe. He was
ashamed to be known as a religious inquirer, and, therefore,
remained longer in darkness. Finding that he had been ob-
served by his father to have become a more diligent student
of the Scriptures, he left: the practice of reading them before
REV. ROSWELL SHURTLEFF, D. D.
I! L I V . .1-
L L [ [- lv K I
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 229
the family. Sometimes, assuming a false appearance of in-
difference, he carried his difficulties to his mother, who was
able to furnish a satisfactory solution. She seems to have
been a person of unusual intelligence as well as goodness.
Her memory was ever cherished by him with the most grate-
ful affection, as it regarded his own spiritual progress. He
believed that he suffered unspeakable loss from the conceal-
ment of his early feelings on the subject of religion, and did
not doubt that many failed of conversion from this foolish re-
serve. It was not till a number of years after this that his
religious life commenced.
" The only school which young Shurtleff had the oppor-
tunity of attending, before his eighteenth or nineteenth year,
was the common school of the district. He made good profi-
ciency, but nothing worthy of note occurred in relation to his
studies till he was about fifteen years of age. He then be-
gan to think, as he says. Before that time, he had repeated
by rote whatever he had been taught. The first impulse to
reflection was a new discovery. He had been taught from
childhood that accent is a stress of voice laid on some syllable
or letter of a word. But this definition had not been illus-
trated by an example, and the classification of words by their
accent, in the spelling-book, he had never understood. The
definition had been to him an unmeaning collection of words.
He now discovered what it meant. This was in itself a tri-
fling event, but it led to the further discovery that other
things, which he had been accustomed, parrot-like, to repeat
memoriter, had a meaning ; that the meaning of things was
that which the student should be set to learn, and that his
own education had, in this view, been greatly neglected. He
says that a new world seemed to be opened to his view ; that
nothing now appeared so important as an opportunity to re-
flect on what he had learned, and that he was greatly dis-
pleased with the instructors by whom he had been so badly
cheated. He resolved that, if ever he should be a teacher, he
would propose* it to himself, as his leading object, to make his
pupils understand whatever they should study. This resolu-
tion he afterward had the opportunity of carrying into effect
in five or six winter schools ; and his attempt was attended
with gratifying success.
230 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" It was the opinion of Dr. Shurtleff, grounded on liis own
experience as learner and teacher, that too much importance
is attached to the books used in schools ; that the end to be
reached is too generally regarded as the learning of the book
rather than the mastery of the subject, and that books are
too often prepared mainly with a view to abridge the labor
of the teacher. He believed that, while the pupil might,
through the text-book, possess himself of the knowledge of
others, he was in danger of acquiring little which could be
called his own.
" In consequence of using his eyes too soon, after his recov-
ery from the measles, when he was about seventeen years old,
Shurtleff was almost wholly cut off from the reading of books
for two years, and he never afterward perfectly recovered
from the injury resulting from this imprudence. He made
some proficiency, however, by listening to the reading of
others. About two years after this affliction he entered the
academy at Chesterfield, N. H., whither his father's family
had removed a few years before. He attended first to Eng-
lish studies. The weakness of his eyes continued, and he was
considerably embarrassed for a time from the necessity of using
the eyes of his friends. At length he commenced the study
of Latin, going through Ross' Grammar, the only one then
in use, in just two weeks, and then beginning to construe and
parse in Corderius.
" He met, at the academy, one who had been his school-
fellow and playmate, and with whom he was intimately asso-
ciated from that time till the end of his college course, the
late Hon. Levi Jackson, who died at Chesterfield in 1821.
They got out their lessons together, taking turns in looking
out new words ; and afterward, at college, where they were
classmates and room-mates, continued the practice. Dr.
Shurtleff felt under great obligations to this friend and helper,
and said that ' few friendships among men had been more
ardent, confiding and permanent.'
" Shurtleff had supposed, at first, that the Greek language
was beyond his reach, on account of his infirmity of sight.
But some improvement having taken place, he ventured to
commence the study. He went through the Westminster
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 231
Greek Grammar, the book then in use, in one week, and be-
gan to read the Gospel of John. Having completed the New
Testament, and read several books of Homer's Iliad, he was
reputed in the school as tolerably versed in Greek. He and
Jackson studied from the love of study, and did not think of
college till a year before they applied for admission, at Com-
mencement, in 1797, and entered the Junior class in this in-
stitution.
" The round of college duties presents few marked events.
Time has left no record of most of the occurrences which di-
versified and enlivened the period from 1797 to 1799. How
the two friends studied, and read, and discussed, and recreated
together, has been lost, just as the facts of our daily life will
be lost sixty years hence. They made constant and good
progress. They were about equally good scholars, neither of
them being a dead weight upon the other. Each was happy
in the other's proficiency. The amount of learning requisite
for a degree was less then than now. Sciences have been in-
troduced into the course which were then in their infancy.
But it may be doubted whether the students of our day have
the advantage over those of an earlier period, in respect to
thoroughness as well as extent of attainment. They read
fewer books, in the first years of the college, but they thought
the more. They were as well disciplined and able, and as
competent to 'handle a difficult subject, I imagine, as our stu-
dents, if they were not as well informed. We know from
the esteem in which Shurtleff was held by the Trustees and
Faculty, as it appeared not long after his graduation, that he
was one of the best scholars of his time.
" Peculiar interest attaches to the religious experience of
Shurtleff during his college course.
" He had performed some of the duties of a Christian before
he supposed himself to possess the Christian character. The
first school he taught he opened daily with prayer, persevering
in the practice as a conscientious duty, in spite of many mis-
givings and much timidity. And this he did in every school
he afterward taught. He kept up the habit of secret prayer,
at the same time, asking more earnestly than for anything
else, that his weak eyes might be cured, and that he might
have the means of intellectual improvement.
232 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" He seems to have supposed that during his senior winter
vacation he became a true Christian.
u Soon after his return to college, he intimated a desire to
a classmate, who, as he supposed, was the only professor of
religion in the class, to join with others in a private meeting
for religious conference and prayer. He had never attended,
or even heard of such a meeting. After a little delay he was
surprised to learn from his friend that such a meeting as he
had proposed had been held for years, and that he was desired
to attend. On the Saturday evening following, he and five or
six other persons assembled, and by the free interchange of
thought and feeling, and the apparently humble prayers that
were offered, he felt himself greatly refreshed and quickened.
On leaving college he regretted the loss of nothing more than
of these Saturday evening conference meetings.
" The time had now come for choosing a profession. His
success in teaching led him to seek for a situation in an acad-
emy ; but no opening of this kind presented itself, and he be-
lieved himself thus providentially called to preach the gospel.
There were at the time no theological seminaries ; the stu-
dents of the distinguished clergymen who gave instruction in
theology were supposed to represent the views of their
teacher ; and that he might not be thought to go forth as the
advocate of some exceptionable ism, Mr. Shurtleff chose to
study theology by himself. Having pursued this course one
year, he was appointed a tutor in the college, and at the same
time was licensed to preach. The pressure of a considerable
debt hastened the period of obtaining license, but we may be
certain, from the opportunities subsequently enjoyed, and
from the character of the man, that any deficiency he may
have felt at first, from hasty preparation, was abundantly
supplied.
" Mr. Shurtleff continued' in the tutorship from 1800 to
1804, and was also engaged, for the greater part of the time,
in preaching in vacant parishes.
" After the close of the four years' tutorship, Mr. Shurtleff
was appointed a professor of Divinity in the college. It was
a part of his duty to preach to the students and the people of
the village. The church was at that time Presbyterian. The
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 233
predecessor of Professor Shurtleff Professor Sylvanus Rip-
ley had- been the pastor of this church. Since his death,
in 1787, Dr. John Smith, professor of Languages, previously
associate pastor with Professor Ripley, had been the sole pastor
of the church. Dr. Backus, of Conn., Dr. Worcester, of
Salem, and Dr. Alexander, of Princeton, had been appointed
at different times to the vacant professorship, but all had
declined, in consequence, as it was supposed, of the influence
of Dr. John Wheelock, the second president of the college.
Professor Shurtleff accepted the office, expecting that the same
causes which had kept it so long vacant would render it an
uncomfortable post. The difficulties which he feared, He was
called to encounter. The president wished him to become
the colleague of Professor Smith in the pastoral office, but he
refused, agreeing in his decision with the views of the largest
part of the church and of the village. In consequence of this
disagreement, a controversy ensued which lasted several years,
and ended in the law- suit between the college and the State,
in 1816-17. In July, 1805, twenty-two persons, professors
of religion, were constituted ' The Congregational Church at
Dartmouth College.' To this church, and the religious society
of which it was a part, Professor Shurtleff was invited to
preach, performing pastoral labors so far as his other duties
would permit. Professor Smith was, meanwhile, the pastor
of the Presbyterian church till the time of his death, in April,
1809. Professor Shurtleff was ordained as an evangelist, at
Lyme, N. H., in 1810. He continued in this relation until
the year 1827.
" The literary labors of his office would have been quite
sufficient to occupy all his time. In addition to these, an
amount of work nearly equal to that of any pastor of a church
was imposed on him fully equal, perhaps, we shall say, if
we consider the character of the congregation to whom he
ministered. He was faithful and assiduous, both as a preacher
and a pastor. But he performed the many duties of his sta-
tion with acceptance and success. And he had the satisfac-
tion of seeing that his efforts were crowned with the special
blessing of God. In 1805 God displayed his saving power
among the students and people of the village. As many as
234 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
forty persons became Christians during the revival. But the
most extensive and powerful work of grace, probably, which
the church ever enjoyed was that of 1815. The revival be-
gan in the hearts of God's people. Some of the pious stu-
dents resolved that they would every day talk with some
unconverted person respecting the interests of his soul. The
effect of this soon appeared in a general religious awakening.
In one week forty persons expressed hope in Christ, and in
four weeks as many as one hundred and twenty persons were
supposed to be converted. There were also revivals in 1819,
1821, and 1826, that of 1821 being the most extensive, and
embracing among the converts a greater number of citizens
than of students. Public religious meetings were less numer-
ous during the revivals than in most of those of a later period.
It was before the day of protracted meetings. Perhaps there
was less reliance then on means, and more on the Spirit* of
God. It was not thought necessary that business should be
suspended, and every day converted into a Sabbath. But
such means as the state of feeling seemed to require were
faithfully used. Professor Shurtleff was never happier than
when engaged in conversation with inquirers, or in conduct-
ing meetings for conference and prayer. The informality and
freedom of these meetings made them attractive. They were
probably quite as useful as the more regular ministrations of
the pulpit. The speaker can say that he never visited a more
solemn place than the old district school-house which stood
where the brick school-house now stands often was, on a
Sunday evening during the progress of a conference meeting.
A distinguished professor of a neighboring college, who was
here in 1815, says that ' The evidence of an increasing serious-
ness among the students at large, in that revival, was first
shown, so far as I can recollect, by the more crowded attend-
ance at these meetings.' Not that the more formal services
of the Sabbath were not also impressive and profitable. The
same gentleman says of the preaching of Professor Shurtleff
at this time : ' The general impression made on me by sev-
eral of his sermons I remember to the present day. I liked to
hear him preach, even before I took any especial interest in
religion as a personal concern. His sermon on the text,
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 235
" The harvest is past, the summer is ended," etc., produced
a deep effect at the time of its delivery which was not
soon forgotten. I remember the stillness and solemnity of
the audience. This sermon must have been delivered some
little time before the revival.' The same gentleman further
states, that 4 During the whole of this revival, and the gather-
ing in of the fruits of it into the church, Professor Shurtleff
was the leading instrument of the work, so far as human
agency was concerned. He went into it with his whole heart.
I have seen him and his excellent wife almost overpowered
with joy when told of a new case of conversion among the
students. He did a great deal all that one man could do,
as it seemed to me to promote the good work by his own
personal efforts.' It is in the power of the speaker to give
similar testimony respecting the revival of 1821.
" When Professor Shurtleff entered upon the duties of his
professorship, and for many years afterward, he met with
much opposition. But his position was constantly growing
stronger, both as it respects the sympathy of his Christian
brethren and the clergy, and his popularity as an instructor.
I have not been able to learn that there was a whisper of dis-
content with his instructions during the whole of the period
from 1804 to 1827. The testimony of one of the best students
of the Class of 1816 is, that ' As an instructor, particularly in
Moral Philosophy, he was much thought of ; and we were
careful never to miss one of his recitations on this subject.
His way of putting questions, and answering such as were
proposed to himself, showed great judgment and shrewdness.'
Quite a number of persons in the classes for seven or eight
years following the time here referred to, were preeminent as
scholars and as men. May not the fact be partly accounted
for by the impulse and guidance of the mind of this in-
structor? He constituted a large portionof the faculty from
1815 to 1819, there being at that time only two professors,
Professor Adams and Professor Shurtleff. The graduates of
the college who had been his pupils were never backward in
acknowledging their obligations to him.
" In 1810, Professor Shurtleff was united in marriage with
Miss Anna Pope, only daughter of Rev. Joseph Pope of
236 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Spencer, Mass. Of her he said, ' She was truly an helpmeet
one who did me good and not evil all the days of her life.'
By her vivacity and cheerfulness she was eminently fitted to
comfort him in his hours of suffering and depression. But it
pleased God to take her from him in March, 1826, after hav-
ing enjoyed with her, during sixteen years, a degree of do-
mestic happiness which rarely falls to the lot of man. He
also lost two children, sons, in 1820, after a brief illness.
Respecting the oldest, he had already begun to indulge very
pleasing anticipations, although he was less than five years old
at the time of his decease. Little did the speaker then know,
when helping to carry to the grave the remains of these chil-
dren, who, if they had survived, would now have been men of
mature age, what hopes he was assisting to bury ! But who
knows the future ? It was better they should die, than that
they should live to dishonor him and themselves. The hus-
band and father mourned incessantly, though not without
resignation, for these bereavements, till the time of his own
death.
" In 1825, Professor Shurtleff was in very feeble health,
from the spring till Commencement. The Trustees adjourned
at that time to reassemble in November, supposing it might
be necessary then to appoint another professor of Divinity.
But by the blessing of God on medical advice and careful
nursing, he was able to resume instruction before the meeting
of the Trustees.
" In January, 1827, Professor Shurtleff was transferred
from the professorship of Divinity to one newly established,
of Moral Philosophy and Political Economy, which he filled
till the year 1838, when, by his own resignation, his active
labors in the college ceased. It was understood, when this
appointment was made, that Professor Shurtleff should in-
struct in all the Senior classes, and should also hear the reci-
tations of other classes in particular branches. During the
last half of this period, he preached in vacant neighboring
parishes. No particular account of the literary labors of these
years can be required. Any one of them may be regarded as
a fair sample of the rest. A member of the class of 1828 can
testify that that class greatly enjoyed his instructions. We
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 237
never* heard the summons to the recitation-room without
pleasure. We were always interested and excited, always
profited. The questions were put by the professor in the
plainest Saxon. They were well adapted to develop the
knowledge or the ignorance of the student, as the case might
be, but not to give him undue assistance. If there was any-
thing in the text-book which was obscure, the questions made
it plain. A clearly wrong opinion advanced by an author was
briefly, yet thoroughly, exposed. His own opinions were
lucidly stated and sustained, and for the time being, at least,
we seldom saw reason to differ from him. The recitation was
enlivened with anecdote, illustration, and wit, and never
dragged heavily. If our objections were sometimes curtly
silenced, it was so effectually and handsomely done that we
bore it with perfect good-nature. He ever lent a willing ear
to our real difficulties, and assisted in their removal. To-
gether with unusual freedom in the mode of conducting the
recitations, there was good order and earnest attention to the
subject in hand. He knew how to control us, while he had
with us all the sympathy of a young man and an equal. I
think it was the opinion of the class that Professor Shurtleff,
in his ripe manhood, had few equals as an instructor.
" At the time of his retirement, in 1838, Dr. Shurtleff had
been in the service of the college thirty-eight years. After
what manner he has lived among us since that time, most of
this audience know. He has not been noticeably active in the
affairs of the village, but when you have met him in private
intercourse, you have known that he retained the fine social
qualities the love of story-telling, and the keen, yet harm-
less wit for which he was always remarkable. Those
whose memory goes back thirty years, must have noticed, I
think, that he became more uniformly serene and cheerful in
the latter part of his life. The old graduates of the college
who revisited the place know how cordially he received them,
and with what hearty zest he recalled with them the scenes
of their college days. He continued to be deeply interested
in the prosperity of the college, and he was the means of elicit-
ing in its behalf the interest and the benevolence of his friends.
He continued the habit, commenced at an early period, of as-
238 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
sisting students who were in needy circumstances. * These
were objects of benevolence toward which he was naturally
drawn. In his feelings he never grew old, but carried for-
ward the vivacity of youth into old age, and always enjoyed
the society of the young. He loved to have young men about
him ; and he has thus, by his unobtrusive charities and coun-
sels, and his interesting and instructive conversation, been a
benefactor to a large number of students. The spiritual wel-
fare of the college was near his heart. He had passed through
many revivals of religion, and he longed for the return of such
seasons. He devoutly observed the days set apart for prayer
for colleges, and, as you remember, often urged the students,
assembled on those occasions, to give their hearts to God.
" When he left his post as an instructor he was sixty-five
years old. After this he had more than twenty-two years of
leisure, during which he retained, in a remarkable degree, the
vigor of his intellectual powers. But he had good and suffi-
cient reasons, as he judged, for his resignation ; and no new
and suitable field of labor presenting itself to a man who
wanted but a few years of threescore and ten, he could enjoy
the offered leisure with a good conscience, occupying it with
such pursuits as his taste suggested. Even at the time when
his labors were the most multiplied, and the church and the
college were successively engaged in bitter controversy, he had
but little to do with administrative and practical matters.
Even then a life of reflection appeared to be more attractive
than a life of action. And when his public duties were ended,
he naturally chose such a life. He was still intellectually
active. He could not let his faculties sink into sluggish re-
pose if he would. His temperament would not suffer it. If
he was not a hard student, he was, what he had always been,
a thinking man to the last."
In a published notice of Professor Shurtleff, by Professor
(now President) Brown, we find the following language :
" The life of Dr. Shurtleff extended over the largest and
most important part of that of the institution itself. For
nearly twenty years he was college preacher, and at the same
time pastor of the church on Hanover Plain, during which
period more than two hundred persons connected themselves
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 239
with the church, a large proportion of them by original pro-
fession. In the contest of the college with the State, he and
the late venerable Professor Adams, with the president, con-
stituted the permanent Faculty for instruction and govern-
ment. Upon the issues then presented he exerted a full
measure of influence, though it was comparatively quiet and
private.
" As a professor, Dr. Shurtleff had some remarkable quali-
ties. He possessed a mind of extraordinary subtleness and
acuteness, ever alert, active and ingenious. Whatever he
saw, he saw distinctly, and was able, with equal clearness, to
express to another. If a student were really perplexed, he
knew how to relieve him by a pertinent example or illustra-
tion, but it was generally done by a question or a suggestion
which demanded the activity of the student's own mind, and
disciplined while it helped him. If a pupil, on the other
hand, were captious, or conceited, he was apt to find himself,
before he suspected it, inextricably entangled in a web of con-
tradictions, where he was sometimes left till he came to a
sense of his weakness,- or till he was dismissed with the benign
declaration that ; he might sit.'
" Dr. ShurtlefFs wit was sharp and pungent, and on any
occasion which involved the exercise of it he was quite equal
to his part. He sometimes engaged in controversy, and
versed as he was in all logical art, those who encountered him
once were seldom anxious to provoke a second contest. His
opinions, both religious and philosophical, were early settled
and firmly held. He was in nothing given to change ; his
friends were generally the friends of his life, and those who
were familiar with his habits of thought could easily tell
where, upon any given question, he would probably be found.
" His interest in young men was a noticeable trait in Dr.
Shurtleff s character, while preacher to the college ; the effect
of his private conversations and friendly advice was almost
equal to that of his public ministrations. His quiet study
was often the scene of meetings for prayer or religious con-
versation from which were carried away influences for good,
never to be forgotten, and for which many were grateful to
their dying day.
240 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" The efforts of deserving young men to obtain a liberal
education always excited his sympathy, and there has seldom
been a time for many years when some such one has not been
a member of his own family, aided and encouraged by his
kindness. The number thus assisted no one can now tell, nor
probably could he himself. It was greater than most persons
would think possible.
" The last twenty years of his life Dr. Shurtleff spent in
dignified retirement, in the enjoyment of a competency, and
in full exercise of his faculties. He especially enjoyed the
visits of former pupils, no one of whom seemed to be lost from
his retentive memory, and the annual commencements were
always exhilarating reunions to him. His conversation, at
such times especially, abounded in anecdote and reminis-
cences of earlier days, and his cheerfulness survived to the
end. He has seldom, of late yeajs, taken part in any public
service, the last time he did so being at the meeting of the
alumni of Dartmouth in 1859, to initiate measures for prop-
erly noticing the death of Mr. Choate."
A volume would be required to set forth adequately the
value of the public services of this distinguished educator,
who acted a most important part in strengthening the foun-
dations and adorning the superstructure of a leading literary
institution. Professor Shurtleff died at Hanover, February
4, 1861.
CHAPTER XXII.
PROFESSOR EBENEZER ADAMS. PROFESSOR ZEPHANIAH S.
MOORE. PROFESSOR CHARLES B. HADDOCK.
PROFESSOR EBENEZER ADAMS succeeded Professor Hub-
bard. From a reliable source we have received, in substance,
the following statements :
"Ebenezer Adams, the son of Ephraim and Rebecca (Locke)
Adams, was born at New Ipswich, N. H., October 2, 1765.
His father was a farmer in moderate circumstances, and
having a large family of children, nineteen in all, he could not
give them many educational advantages, but they shared in
such as were commonly enjoyed in those days. The subject
of this sketch, however, earnestly desired something more ; he
had set his heart upon obtaining a higher education, and ulti-
mately succeeded in doing so. After becoming nearly or
quite of age, he commenced preparation for Dartmouth Col-
lege, which he entered in 1787, graduating with honor in
1791, and in the following year he became preceptor of
Leicester Academy, where he remained fourteen years, la-
boring faithfully and very successfully in the instruction of
those under his care. While there he married, in 1795, Miss
Alice Frink, of Rutland, Mass., who died early, leaving five
young children. In 1806 he removed to Portland, where he
engaged as teacher in the academy, and it was while resid-
ing there that he came under the pastoral care of Rev. Dr.
Pay son, and in a time of general revival he was deeply inter-
ested in religious truth and became a subject of renewing
grace. He publicly professed his faith in Christ and united
with Dr. Payson's church. While there he formed a second
marriage with Miss Beulah Minot, of Concord, Mass., who
became the mother of his % two youngest children, and the sub-
16
242 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
sequent year he taught in Phillips Academy, Exeter, but he
did not long remain there.
" In 1809, he was called to Dartmouth College, where for
one year he was Professor of Languages, and was then trans-
ferred to the professorship of Mathematics, Natural Philoso-
phy, and Astromony, which he held until the appointment of
a successor, in 1833. As a teacher he was faithful, patient,
laborious, earnestly desiring the best good of his pupils, whose
affection he often succeeded in gaining, their esteem always.
Possessed of much intellectual force, of sound and varied
attainments in learning, which he had the happy faculty of
imparting to others clearly and distinctly, he was thus emi-
nently fitted for the position of instructor, so many years occu-
pied by him. He was truly devoted to the interests of the
college, and ever ready to make efforts and sacrifices for it,
and in those dark days, when its fate hung in suspense, he was
deeply anxious, and had no small share in aiding and sustain-
ing it through the struggle. During President Brown's ill-
ness, and after his death, for more than two years in all, he
filled the office of president in addition to his own, thus hav-
ing a great increase of care and responsibility, and the same
thing occurred on other occasions, when the college was tem-
porarily without a head. He did not enjoy the situation, for
while he truly delighted in teaching, he found the enforcement
of discipline very irksome ; still he was faithful and energetic
in it when it became his duty.
" He was interested in every good cause, philanthropic and
religious, especially in the Bible Society, of which he was for
many years the presiding officer in New Hampshire ; in the
Colonization Society, which he then thought the only possible
agency for removing the curse of Slavery ; in Foreign Mis-
sions and in Temperance, of which he was an earnest and able
advocate. In this connection it should be mentioned that he
was Trustee and Treasurer of Kimball Union Academy, at
Meriden, almost from its first commencement until nearly the
close of his life, and in the success and prosperity of that in-
stitution he always felt a deep interest, and labored to pro-
mote its welfare.
" After his resignation in 1833, he devoted much of his lei-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 243
sure to objects of public interest, to the affairs of the town
and village, in which several important trusts were committed
to him, and of the church, in which for years he had worthily
filled the office of deacon. In these he was actively and use-
fully employed, even to the last, and thus, in the unfailing
resource of reading and study which he enjoyed, in the society
of attached friends, and of the dear family circle, those closing
years of his life passed away cheerfully, happily, leaving
blessed memories behind them. He was quite active in his
habits and usually of firm and vigorous health. It almost
seemed as if he had been stricken down in his full strength, so
sudden and short was his last illness. A heart-disease, of
which he had suffered some symptoms a few months before,
attacked him with great violence, and after ten days of intense
suffering and distress, during which he manifested a true sub-
mission to God's will, and a calm reliance in Christ, his aton-
ing Saviour, he 'fell asleep in Jesus,' August 15, 1841.
" The college, the church, the village, mourned his depart-
ure, but nowhere was it so deeply felt as in the home which had
so long been blest with his presence and affection. For in all
family relations he was most truly kind and affectionate, in
social life, genial and friendly, especially, even to the last,
delighting in little children, and in the society of the young,
generous and public-spirited, of spotless integrity in business
affairs, faithful, earnest and skillful as a teacher, in all his
ways a sincere and humble follower of the Lord Jesus."
His associate, Professor Stowe, says :
" Professor Adams was one of the stoutest of that noble
band of men who upheld Dartmouth College in the great
crisis through which it passed, and thus established, not only
the principles on which that venerable and most useful insti-
tution maintained its existence, but gave the foundation for
permanency to all other educational institutions in our coun-
try, for it was the decision of the Supreme Court of the
United States, in the Dartmouth College case, that became
the magnet, charta of all our colleges.
" Sailors speak of 4 men who in a storm can ascend to the
mast-head, and hold on with their eyelids' while they use
both hands to adjust the rigging. Such were the men who
saved Dartmouth College during that great conflict.
244 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" A little girl once said that if God really did make the
whole universe in six days, she should like to know what he
stood on while he was making it.
" Such a question has often occurred to me in thinking of
that period in the history of Dartmouth College. What had
the champions of the college to stand on ? But they did
stand, and did their work completely, and for all time.
" Professor Adams had just the qualities for such an emer-
gency. His was the sturdy self-reliance, the unshrinking
courage, the indomitable perseverance, and the unwavering
faith in God, which holds what it has and carries what it
holds. His was not the coward's courage, which consists in
the denying of the danger, but the courage of the brave man,
which sees the danger and faces it."
A pupil says :
"Professor Adams was ' a manly man,' well-proportioned,
broad-shouldered, with a commanding presence and amiable
countenance. He was bold, earnest, energetic, persevering ;
artless, and honest as the day. He said exactly what he
meant. His mental vision was clear, strong, and accurate.
Imagination was never active ; oratory was not his forte.
Demonstrative evidence suited him best. In his religious
character he was conscientious, devout, and reverent, never
excited nor sentimental."
In " Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit " we find
this account of PROF. ZEPHANIAH SWIFT MOORE. u He
was the son of Judah and Mary (Swift) Moore, and was born
at Palmer, Mass., November 20, 1770. His parents were in
the middle walks of life, and were much esteemed for their
integrity and piety. When he was seven or eight years old,
he removed with his father's family to Wilmington, Vt.,
where he worked upon a farm till he was about eighteen.
From his early childhood he evinced great inquisitiveness of
mind, and an uncommon thirst for knowledge ; in consequence
of which, his parents consented to aid him in acquiring a col-
legiate education. Having prosecuted his preparatory studies
at an academy in Bennington, Vt., he entered Dartmouth
College, when he was in his nineteenth year. He graduated
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 245
in 1793, and delivered on the occasion a philosophical ora-
tion on the ' causes and general phenomena of earthquakes,'
which was received with marked approbation.
" On leaving college, he took charge of an academy at Lon-
donderry, N. H., where he gained the reputation of an able
and faithful teacher. Having occupied this post for a year,
he repaired to Somers, Conn., and commenced the study of
Theology under the direction of the Rev. Dr. Charles Backus ;
and, having gone through the usual course of preparation for
the ministry, was licensed to preach by a committee of the As-
sociation of Tolland County, February 3, 1796. After preach-
ing to good acceptance in various places, and receiving several
invitations to a permanent settlement in the ministry, he finally
accepted a call from the Congregationl church and congrega-
tion in Leicester, Mass. Here his labors proved alike accep-
table and useful. Very considerable additions were made to
the church, and the spirit and power of religion became in-
creasingly visible under his ministrations. During a part of
the time that he resided at Leicester, he joined to his duties
as a minister those of principal of the Leicester Academy ;
and here, also, he acquitted himself with much honor.
"In October, 1811, he accepted the chair of professor of
Languages in Dartmouth College. Here he was greatly re-
spected as a man, a teacher, and a preacher ; and if his at-
tainments in his department were not of the very highest
order, they were at least such as to secure both his respecta-
bility and usefulness.
" In 1815, he was elected to the presidency of Williams Col-
lege, then vacant by the resignation of Dr. Fitch. He ac-
cepted the appointment, and was regularly inducted into office
at the annual Commencement in September of that year.
Shortly after his removal to Williamstown, Dartmouth College,
which he had just left, conferred upon him the degree of
Doctor of Divinity. He adorned this new station, as lie had
done those which he had previously occupied. His connection
with the college was attended by some circumstances of pe-
culiar embarrassment, in consequence of an effort on the part
of the Trustees to remove the college to Northampton or
some other town in Hampshire County. The measure failed
246 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
in consequence of the refusal of the Legislature to sanction it.
Dr. Moore, however, decidedly favored it from the beginning,
but in a manner that reflected not in the least upon his Chris-
tian integrity and honor.
" In the spring of 1821, the collegiate institution at Amherst,
Mass., having been founded, he was invited to become its Presi-
dent, and was inaugurated as such in September following.
The institution, then in its infancy, and contending with a
powerful public opinion, and even with the Legislature itself,
for its very existence, put in requisition all his energies ; and
the ultimate success of the enterprise was no doubt to be re-
ferred, in no small degree, to his discreet, earnest, and untir-
ing efforts. In addition to his appropriate duties as president
and as chairman of the Board of Trustees, he heard the reci-
tations of the Senior class, and part of the recitations of the
Sophomore class, besides taking occasional agencies with a view
to increase the funds of the institution. His constitution, nat-
urally strong, was over-taxed by the efforts which he felt him-
self called to make, and had begun perceptibly to yield, before
the last violent attack of disease which terminated his life.
" On Wednesday, the 25th of June, 1823, he was seized with
a bilious colic, which reached a fatal termination on the Mon-
day following. During the brief period of his illness, the
greatest anxiety prevailed in the college, and unceasing prayer
was offered in his behalf. His own mind was perfectly tran-
quil, and he anticipated the closing scene and passed through
it without a word or look that told of apprehension. In the
very moment of breathing out his spirit, he uttered in a
whisper, c God is my hope, my shield, my exceeding great
reward.' The funeral solemnities were attended on the
Wednesday following, and an appropriate sermon was deliv-
ered on the occasion by the Rev. Dr. Snell, of North Brook-
field.
" Dr. Moore lived to celebrate the first anniversary of the in-
stitution, and to see more than eighty of its students profess-
edly religious, and preparing for extensive usefulness among
their fellow men.
" Shortly after his settlement at Leicester, he was married to
Phebe, daughter of Thomas Drury, of Ward, now Auburn,
Mass., who survived him. They had no children.
DAETMOUTH COLLEGE. 247
" Dr. Moore published an Oration at Worcester on the 5th of
July, 1802 ; Massachusetts Election Sermon, 1818 ; an Ad-
dress to the public in respect to Amherst College, 1823 ; a
Sermon at the ordination of Dorus Clark, Blandford, 1823."
FROM THE REV. EMERSON DAVIS, D. D.
" WESTFIELD, Mass., November 16, 1849.
" DEAR SIR : You have requested me to give you my im-
pressions and recollections of President Moore. They are all
exceedingly pleasant, and yet I must say he was a man of such
equanimity of temper and uniformity of life, that I am unable
to single out one act or saying of his that produced a deeper
impression than others.
" My first introduction to him was in the spring of 1818, when
I was ushered into his study with a letter of recommendation
for admission to Williams College. It was to me a fearful
moment, but the cordial manner in which I was received, and
his kind inquiries after his friend who had furnished me with
a letter, made me at once easy in his presence. I found that
he had the heart of a man, and through an acquaintance of
several years, to the time of his death, he manifested the same
kindness and cordiality that he did the first time I saw him.
u He was a man of medium stature, rather corpulent, his com-
plexion sallow, the top of his head nearly bald, there being a
slight sprinkling of hair between the forehead and crown.
His voice, though not loud, was clear and pleasant, and in an-
imated conversation and in the pulpit pitched upon the tenor
key.
" He was dignified in his appearance, serious in his aspect, in-
structive and agreeable in his conversation, kind and benevo-
lent in his feelings, modest and unassuming in his manners,
deliberate and cautious in coming to a conclusion, but firm and
determined when his position was taken. If a student had at
any time spoken against him, he would have been regarded as
a rebel against law and order. In managing cases of disci-
pline, he was calm and entirely self-possessed.
" In preaching, he had very little action ; and yet there was
an impressiveness in his manner that fixed the attention of his
hearers. In the more animated parts of his discourse, his tit-
248 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
terance became more rapid, and the sound of his voice shrill
and tremulous, showing that he felt deeply the force of the
sentiments he uttered. In his religious views, I know not that
he differed from the great mass of the orthodox clergy of New
England, of his day.
" Such are my recollections of President Moore.
" Yours truly,
" EMERSON DAVIS."
The following tribute to one of Dartmouth's most eminent
and honored teachers is from a " Discourse " by Professor
(now President) Brown.
" CHARLES BRICKET HADDOCK was born in that part of
Salisbury, N. H., which is now Franklin, June 20, 1796. His
mother was Abigail Webster, an older sister of Ezekiel and
Daniel Webster. She had two children, Charles and Will-
iam. She was a person of uncommon excellence and loveli-
ness, a favorite with her brothers, who always spoke of her
with great affection. She was a religious woman, and on her
death-bed manifested great solicitude for her sons, especially
dedicating the oldest, Charles, to the Christian ministry.
This expression of feeling was almost the only recollection
which Mr. Haddock had of his mother.
" The place of his birth was retired, but full of rural
beauty ; the rushing Merrimac making sweet music of a sum-
mer evening, the broad intervals basking in the summer sun,
the granite mountains ' dumbly keeping watch all round,'
from whose summits, looking almost to the White Hills on
one side, and almost to the sea on the other, you would be-
hold a landscape picturesque and lovely beyond the power of
description. The quiet scenes of his youth, the simple pleas-
ures, and the common amusements of village life, varied with
few excitements, could not have been without their effect
upon the mind of a sensitive boy. To what age he was left
to these alone, I do not know.
" He fitted for college mainly at the academy in Salisbury,
and entered in 1812. Nature had done more for him than
his instructors, and he very soon took the position, which he
ever maintained, as intellectual leader in a class, which, though
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 249
small, numbered among its members several young men of dis-
tinguished ability.. In that little community he was at once
the best scholar and the most popular man. 'In looks,' writes
one of his class-mates, 1 c Haddock was decidedly the most
striking man in the class. He was tall and well-proportioned.
He had an intellectual cast of features, a well-chiseled profile,
and altogether you might pronounce him a man intended
for a scholar, and destined, if he lived, to make his mark in
the world. I, who entered college a mere boy, singled him
out the first day. He was always an industrious student. He
never failed of a recitation, so far as I can remember, and he
never failed to be prepared for it.'
" Adding thus to the distinction of attainment and scholar-
ship so much beauty of person, so much modesty, gentleness,
and propriety of demeanor, it was natural that he should be
regarded as a model young man, .nor was there wanting that
profounder moral element, without which no character can be
complete.
" The year 1815 was memorable in the religious history of
the college. The period immediately preceding had been
marked by unusual religious depression. In some classes only
one person, and but a few in any of them, made profession of
a serious religious purpose. Of this small number, there were
some, however, whose feelings were deep, and whose lives
were exemplary. To them, not more, perhaps, than eight
or ten in all, was due, under the Divine favor, the moral
regeneration of the college. First among those who, in that
' Great awakening,' avowed his purpose of a new life, was
Mr. Haddock, then in the summer of his Junior year. The
avowal was open, unreserved, and decisive, and, it is almost
unnecessary to add, produced a strong sensation. From that
time no one in college exerted a more positive influence in
favor of personal religion, and not a few traced their own
most serious thoughts to his example and to his faithfulness.
" This change in his feelings naturally determined his
course in life, and immediately after taking his first degree
he entered the seminary at Andover as a student in Theology.
Here he pursued the profound and difficult studies of his pro-
1 Professor Torrey, of Burlington.
250 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
fession with a more than ordinary breadth of scholarship,
mingling classical and literary studies with those of theology,
but entering with zeal and a chastened enthusiasm into all the
duties and requirements of the place.
" He remained at Andover about two years, when, on ac-
count of a threatened pulmonary complaint, he made a jour-
ney to the South, going as far as Savannah, and spending the
winter in various parts of the Southern States. Having per-
formed a considerable part of the tour on horseback, he re-
turned, in 1819, invigorated in health, and with a mind en-
larged and liberalized by what were then quite unusual oppor-
tunities of observation and society, and was at once appointed
to the newly established chair of Rhetoric, at the early age of
twenty-three years. The college had but just gained the vic-
tory in its desperate struggle for existence. It was poor, but
hopeful, and it moved forward with a policy of enlargement,
determined to keep pace with all advancing learning and cult-
ure.
" Before that time, the duties of the new department had
been distributed among all the college officers, and necessarily
must have lacked something in fullness and method. No
other New England college, except Harvard and Yale, then
possessed such an officer, and the first appointment to the
post in New Haven bears date but two years earlier."
4 ' As an instructor, Professor Haddock was one of the best
I ever knew. I never knew a better. It is with unfeigned
gratitude that I remember my obligations to him, and I know
I speak for thousands. As a critic, he was discriminating and
quietly suggestive, guided by a taste that was nearly immacu-
late. His scholarship was unobtrusive, and his manner with-
out ostentation. He made no pretense of knowledge, but it
was always sufficient, always fresh, always sound. The range
of his thought was broad. His mind was versatile and active.
You could hardly find a subject with which he was not some-
what familiar, or in which he would not readily become inter-
ested. His opinions were never fantastic, nor exaggerated,
nor disproportioned. He was not, perhaps, so exacting nor so
stimulating a teacher as some, but he was careful, clear, dis-
tinct, and encouraging. He saw the difficulty in the mind of
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 251
the pupil, if there was one, adapted himself with admirable
facility to his wants, and by a lucid statement, a test question,
or a distinct suggestion, would often free a subject from its
obscurity, so that the way would all be in clear sunlight.
He felt that, in education, the best results are not produced
violently, but by influences quiet and protracted, gradually,
but potently, moulding the. affections and the life, ' finely
touching the spirit to fine issues.' '
" In 1846, Professor Haddock published a volume of ' Ad-
dresses and Miscellaneous Writings,' gathered from reviews,
and from his speeches before the New Hampshire Legislature,
and on various public occasions. These are marked by the
peculiar completeness and finish which characterized all his
productions. There is in them no superfluous word, no affec-
tation, no straining after effect, but much that is wise and
everything that is tasteful. Yet, interesting as they are, I
hardly feel as if they give an adequate expression of his rich
and varied abilities. His more recent writings, notes of
foreign travels, lectures, and discourses, he had begun to
prepare for the press, when he was so suddenly taken from us,
and I am glad to hope that some of them may yet see the
light.
" For many years Professor Haddock acted as secretary of
the New Hampshire Education Society. In discharge of the
duties of this office, sometimes little more than a sinecure, he
made it an object to bring before the society, in his annual
reports, subjects of permanent interest. In looking them over,
I perceive such topics as these : ' Objections to Charitable
Education,' 4 The Standard of Education for the Pulpit,'
4 The Influence of Educated Mind,' c Personal Qualifications
for the Pulpit,' 4 Manual Labor Institutions,' ' The Clergy
the Natural Advisers of Young Men,' ' Personal Piety in Can-
didates for the Christian Ministry,' ' Wisdom in Clergymen,'
4 The Eloquence of the Pulpit as affected by Ministerial
Character.' These addresses, somewhat brief, never impas-
sioned, are full of excellent suggestions, both to the laity and
the clergy. They abound in practical wisdom, and any one
may read them with profit.
44 In all his writings his style was unambitious, unaffected,
252 DAKTMOTJTH COLLEGE.
chaste, pure, and transparent as crystal. It was true to his
subject and himself. If not fervid and vehement, it was be-
cause of his moderation and self-restraint ; if not pungent and
dogmatic, it was marked by sustained earnestness and finished
beauty. If he had not predominantly that power which is
called by the older rhetoricians amplification, he eminently
had another, as rarely met with in perfection, the power of
exact, unincumbered, logical statement. There was some-
times in him a reticence as admirable as it was unique. You
wondered why he did not say more, and yet if he had, it
would only have injured the effect. The word exactly fitted
the sentiment. The idea was insphered in the expression.
There was no excess or extravagance in anything he did or
said. His thoughts glided softly and sweetly from his pen, as
a rivulet from a silver fountain.
" I have sometimes thought that Professor Haddock's intel-
lectual powers were nowhere displayed to more advantage
than in the mingled grave and gay, learned and mirthful in-
tercourse of social life. The very tones of his voice, sympa-
thetic and attractive, the absence of dogmatism, or super-
ciliousness, or self-assertion, the mingled deference and
independence, the clear and sustained thought, the ready in-
sight, the quick apprehension of proprieties, the intelligent,
dexterous, but never caustic reply, the sure appreciation of the
feelings of others, and the power of making them, even the
lowliest, feel that what they said was listened to with interest,
the sense of the droll and ludicrous, the responsive laugh-
ter, not boisterous, but hearty, bringing tears into the eyes,
all gave a peculiar charm to this form of intercourse. It
was a ministry of beneficence, diffusing kindness, intelligence,
and gentleness, enlivening many a dull hour, filling many a
vacant mind, and inspiring many a worthy purpose.
" 4 Great openness and candor, good sense, the reading of
a scholar, the originality of a man who sometimes thought
for himself, aspirations after excellence much higher than
those of many others, all these traits came out in his fa-
miliar talks, in which he rather unbent than exerted himself ;
at the same time he was as gentle and attentive a listener
as a man could wish, a truly sociable being, with whom you
DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 253
could talk all day, and then all night, and never feel
weary.' l
" In 1850, he received from Mr. Fillmore the appointment
of Charge d' Affaires at the court of Portugal, and in the
spring of 1851 sailed for Lisbon, by way of England. I have
the best means of knowing that, while at Lisbon, his inter-
course and influence with the Court, and with the representa-
tives of all the great powers, was most acceptable and most
salutary. His residence in Portugal was in many ways de-
lightful. The delicious climate, the cultivated and refined
society of the diplomatic circle, temporary rest from labor, and
change of scene and occupations, were all sources of pleasure.
Yet here he was touched by one of his deepest sorrows, for at
Lisbon, November, 1851, ' by the side of Philip Doddridge,
in the English cemetery,' he buried his youngest son, a beau-
tiful boy of eleven years.
" He returned from Portugal early in 1856, after an absence
of nearly four years ; and, having previously terminated his
connection with the college, spent the remainder of his life at
West Lebanon."
Prof. N. S. Folsom says :
" Professor Haddock was the ' orator suavi loquenti ore,'
and he was much more than this. Both by precept and ex-
ample he raised the standard of speaking and writing among
the students, and stimulated them to the pursuit of a manly
eloquence. There also prevailed a very general conviction of
his sincerity and moral earnestness, and of his interest in our
successful career in life. The themes he gave led us to dis-
criminate both intellectually and morally, and if he thought
the theme worthily treated, a kind note in the margin of the
sheet was sure to tell us so. The spirit in which he met the
class was that of the closing paragraph in his Phi Beta Kappa
Oration of 1825 : ' Young men of my country, God has given
you a noble theatre, and called you into life at the most
interesting of all times. Forget not that you are descendants
of men who solemnly dedicated themselves and their posterity
through all coming time to the cause of free and enlightened
reason unrestricted divine reason the portion inscribed
1 Professor Torrey.
254 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
on our hearts of the universal law, ' whose seat is the bosom
of God, her voice the harmony of the world.' Occasionally
he preached in the Hanover village church, where the stu-
dents attended. He never had so much as a scrap of any
notes before him ; and this was his habit also at White
River, where he steadily officiated. I need not add that
the students always were greatly delighted when they had
the privilege to hear him. Every discourse was as complete
as though it had been carefully written and committed to
memory ; but evidently his was no memoriter preaching-
One sermon I particularly remember, delivered early in
March, 1826, from the words, 4 If this counsel or this work
be of men it will come to nought, but if it be of God ye
cannot overthrow it; lest haply ye be found fighting against
God.' (Acts v. 38, 39.) No discourse I had ever heard
in my whole life before surpassed this in eloquence and
weight of sentiment; none even from Dr. Tyler was more
magnetic, more persuasive to right action on the part of
an already awakened conscience, or put the soul more di-
rectly in an attitude in which it would be naturally drawn
towards what is true and best. My recollection of the feel-
ing of the students toward him is, that he was, on the whole,
not inferior in popularity with them to any other member of
the Faculty. There is no man I could name so absolutely
faultless, as he seemed to us young men of that period. I
am not sure that his prestige and charm were not increased
by the faultlessness of his dress, and by the manifestations of
the becoming in personal appearance, a well-known trait of
his great kinsman, Daniel Webster, whom he not distantly
resembled also in features, port, and step, and in distinct,
measured utterance. Not that he in the least consciously
imitated him, but there was the natural growth into the
likeness of the object of his admiration; and there was, as
in Mr. Webster, absolutely no affectation, nor sign of over-
much thought about raiment, nor vestige of anything like
conscious, personal display."
A later pupil says :
"As a teacher Professor Haddock was remarkable for his
dignity and refinement. His presence among young men was
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 255
always sufficient to maintain perfect order and decorum. The
true gentleman beamed forth from every feature and spoke in
every tone of his voice. With apparent ease, he chained the
attention of the most thoughtless to the most abstruse and
uninviting topics. The deep things of Logic and Psychology
he handled so adroitly, and presented so tastefully, as to give
them a charm, indeed, a fascination.
" In the recitation room his words were few, but his state-
ments were so clear and so elegantly expressed, that what
the student had been able to learn only partially or obscurely
from the book was now fully comprehended and securely
treasured by the memory. The students were never willingly
absent, for it was always a delight to listen to his instruc-
tions, and a failure to be present was counted an irreparable
loss, inasmuch as the teacher always seemed greater than the
text-book.
" It is hardly necessary to say that the influence of such
a man was an important factor in the last two years of our
college life. His noble bearing, his handsome face, his im-
pressive manner, his uniform kindness and courtesy, and,
especially, his manifest appreciation of young men who were
struggling against heavy obstacles in their course of study,
will never be forgotten by those who were so fortunate as to
be under his tuition. Nor can it be doubted that the power
of his refined intellect and taste has been felt in many places
where his name has never been heard."
Professor Haddock married, first, Susan Saunders, daughter
of Richard Lang, of Hanover ; second, Mrs. Caroline (Kim-
ball) Young, daughter of Richard Kimball, of Lebanon, N. H.
He died at West Lebanon, N. H., January 15, 1861.
CHAPTER XXIII.
PROFESSOR WILLIAM CHAMBERLAIN. PROFESSOR DANIEL
OLIVER. PROFESSOR JAMES FREEMAN DANA.
WILLIAM CHAMBERLAIN, the successor of Professor Moore
in the chair of Languages, was the son of General William
and Jane (Eastman) Chamberlain, and was born at Peacham,
Vt., May 24, 1797. From a reliable source we have the fol-
lowing account of him :
Perhaps there is on record no more worthy and compre-
hensive testimony to his character and his work than the
few lines which the late President Lord furnished for the
inscription on his tombstone. They read :
" William Chamberlain, Jr., A. M., Professor of Lan-
guages in Dartmouth Colle'ge. A man of strong intellect,
distinguished literary attainments, and moral worth.
" He added respectability to the institution, by prudence,
efficiency, and a well-earned reputation ; and contributed
largely to promote its interests. By disinterested and un-
wearied labors, with fidelity in all his relations, beloved and
honored, he filled up the measure of a short but useful life,
and died with humble confidence in the Divine mercy,
through the atonement of Jesus Christ, July 11, 1830, aged
33."
He gave to the college for ten years the unremitting labor
of his life, and we may say his life itself. To his abundant
and complete work as a teacher he added the labor of over-
seeing the material affairs of the college, a labor devolved
upon him, perhaps, on account of his superior executive
ability.
Thus he superintended the building of Thornton and
Wentworth Halls, and employed his vacations, and particu-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 257
larly the long winter vacation, in travelling over what was
then the wilderness of northern New Hampshire and Ver-
mont, in care of the wild lands belonging to the college.
Stricken with pneumonia on one of these journeys, he would
not wait for a complete convalescence before returning to
duty, his malady assumed the chronic form, arid terminated
his life in about six months after its first invasion.
The influences of his early life were such as may well have
conduced to a broad and strong character.
His mother belonged to a family long identified with the
early history of southern New Hampshire.
His father, General William Chamberlain, after serving in
the armies of the Revolution, became a pioneer settler of
northern Vermont, where he acquired, a handsome estate and
a prominent public position. He became Lieutenant Gov-
ernor of the State, and represented it in Congress for several
terms. Among his public services may be mentioned his care
for the Caledonia County Grammar School, where his sons
were fitted for college. This school was at that time taught
by Ezra Carter, a man greatly respected for his attainments
and dignity of character.
Thus the future professor grew up amid the versatile life
of the frontier, surrounded by the contests and traditions of
public service.
Distinguished for scholarship in college, a bold but pru-
dent leader among his classmates in their conflicts with the
University, 1 immediately after graduation he became the pre-
1 The Rev. Daniel Lancaster, of the Class of 1821, supplies the following recol-
lections of the assault upon the college libraries, made by a band of towns-people,
under the guidance of Professors Carter and Dean of the University. They had
forced the doors only to find that the books had already been removed, and them-
selves thus inclosed, the prisoners of the college students, led, among others, by
senior Chamberlain. Mr. Lancaster continues : " Having stationed three or four
of his classmates at the door of the library to prevent ingress or egress, he as-
cended a few steps on the flight of steps leading to the next floor, and called the
excited throng to order. He then spoke in substance as follows: 'Fellow stu-
dents, we are in the midst of a desperate emergency. The door of our library
has been demolished. The vandals have entered and taken possession, but we
have met the enemy. They are our prisoners and the library is safe. I have
come from the president, who wishes me to say to you that he is confident you
will conduct yourselves as gentlemen using no violence or insult in all the
arrangements to be adopted, until order and quiet are restored.'
17
258 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
ceptor of Moors Charity School, and a year later entered,
as a student of law, the office of Daniel Webste in Boston.
Thence, in his twenty-fourth year he was recalled to the col-
lege as professor of Languages, and in the ordinary and ex-
traordinary service of the institution he was intensely occu-
pied for the remainder of his short life.
A life so brief and active leaves behind it little but its ex-
ample. Yet I shall venture to extract a few paragraphs from
an address delivered by him on the 4th of July, 1826, the end
of the first half century of our national life.
Remembering that they were written at a period before the
great problems which have since controlled our history were
recognized or appreciated among the people at large, they
will be found to indicate a moral tone and a political pre-
science quite remarkable in a young man of twenty-eight
years.
. ..." I have already alluded to it as the first of the ap-
propriate duties of this day, to turn to Heaven in the exer-
cise of devout gratitude, and render thanksgiving and praise
to Him who was the God of our fathers in the day of their
trial ; who gave to them and has continued to us a fairer
portion than was ever allotted to any other people. Is there
one in this consecrated temple of the Almighty who would
not join in the offering ? I know it is unusual to dwell long
upon such considerations at a time like this, but surely, if
there ever were a call for a nation's gratitude to God, and
ever a proper occasion for expressing it, we are the people in
whose hearts that emotion should be deep and permanent,
and this is a time to give it utterance." ....
" We must do all in our power to promote liberal feelings
" He then proceeded to marshal them in two files, beginning at the door of the
library, and extending down stairs to the lower floor, through which files the
University professors were conducted, each under escort of three students, to
their homes."
General H. K. Oliver, of Massachusetts, a member of the then Senior class,
gives substantially the same account. He adds :
" Having released the roughs on condition of good behavior, we exacted a
promise of the learned professors of Mathematics and Dead Languages, ' that
they would do so no more.' Classmates Fox, Shirley, and I then escorted Pro-
fessor Carter home. Dean was escorted by Crosby (Hon. Nathan Crosby) and
others. He (Carter) was very polite to us, invited us in, and treated us with
wine and cake."
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 259
among the several communities and sections of our federal
republic, so as to preserve inviolate the Union of the States.
Were this Union now in danger, it would call forth a more
authoritative voice than mine ; yet it may be in danger before
the close of another half century. I will only speak my own
conviction, that the States cannot be separated without the
destruction of the country. They lie together on the bosom
of this vast continent, a protection and an ornament, each
to the other, and all to each, like the gems on the breast-
plate of the Jewish Hierarch, indicative of the union of the
Tribes, mutually lending and receiving lustre." ....
" We must root out from among ourselves the institution of
domestic slavery, or, before the close of another half century,
we may have to abide the consequences of a servile war. In
effecting this all-important object, we must indeed proceed
gradually, temperately, in the observance of all good faith and
good feeling toward the people of that portion of our Union
on which the curse was entailed by the colonial policy of the
mother country.
" It is a work which demands the full concurrence of all the
States, and, sooner or later, it must be accomplished. Com
mon sense will not cease to upbraid us with inconsistency,
humanity will not be satisfied, nor Heaven fully propitiated,
while we hold up boastfully in one hand this declaration, af-
firming that " all men are created equal," and grasp with the
other the manacles and the scourge.
" Whatever may have been inferred by reason from a differ-
ence of physical attributes, and whatever may have been forced
by criticism out of the word of God, the traffic in human
flesh is contraband by the law of Nature written in our
hearts, and forbidden by the whole tenor and spirit of the re-
ligion revealed in the Gospel.
" Even in the darker and imperfect dispensation of the an-
cient Jews, every fiftieth year, at least, brought freedom to all
the inhabitants of the land. It is almost needless to say,
that, if he who first procured the slave and brought him
hither had no right to do so, then neither could he who
bought him acquire a rightful ownership. There is no prop-
erty to a private man in the life or the natural faculties of
260 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
another ; no right can accrue by purchase, or vest by posses-
sion, and no inheritance on either side descend. A title,
which by its very nature was void from the beginning, can
never be made good ; a dominion which Heaven never gave,
must be perpetuated, if at all, by means which it will never
sanction." ....
Surely, the trumpet of this youth gave no " uncertain
sound."
"One blast upon that bugle horn
Were worth ten thousand men."
To the recognition of such qualities it was due, probably,
that in 1829 he was called to New York city to assume the
editorship of a journal (" Journal of Commerce ") founded by
an association of gentlemen, and which afterwards exerted
great influence upon public opinion. He declined the offer,
unwilling to leave his Alma Mater at a critical epoch in her
history. He stayed by her to die in her service.
His widow, Mrs. Sarah L. (Oilman) Chamberlain, daugh-
ter of Dr. Joseph Oilman, of Wells, Me., and niece of Mrs.
President Brown, survived him twenty years, residing at Han-
over. The memory of her moral, intellectual, and social worth
is warmly cherished by all who knew her.
Mr. Lancaster adds : " Professor Chamberlain was tall,
erect, square built, well-proportioned, and of graceful mien
and bearing, such a man as the eye could rest upon with
pleasure. His voice was clear, sonorous, yet smooth and
agreeable."
Professor Folsom says :
" Professor Chamberlain, the youngest member of the Fac-
ulty, who was only twenty-three years old when, in 1820, he
entered on his professorship of the Latin and Oreek Lan-
guages and Literature, and only thirty-three when he died ?
was much admired and loved and reverenced by many of us.
To myself, whenever I think of Dartmouth, his image invari-
ably appears, and he stands out among the objects presenting
themselves second only to that of Dr. Tyler, as the latter
appeared when at his best and noblest in the pulpit. It was
indeed in that same pulpit, and before I came under his in-
struction, that I first heard him, when he delivered an oration
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 261
on the Fourth of July in the year 1826. It was to a crowded
audience, filling the floor and the galleries. I doubt whether
there is one survivor of that number, whether student or
townsman, from whose recollection can have faded away the
image of the orator, his form and attitude, his voice and ac-
tion, and some of his thrilling words, especially when he de-
scribed the nation holding in one hand the Declaration of
Independence which proclaims human equality, and with the
other grasping the manacles and scourge to torture millions of
human beings bought and sold, and compelled to labor in
slavery.
Professor Chamberlain took charge of the Class of 1828
in Latin and Greek when they entered on their Junior
year. As soon as our class met him in the east recitation-
room he being seated at a small table on his left, and the
class in lines of a half-parallelogram extending on the right
and in front of him we felt that we had come under a
noble teacher. Some of us who loved the languages that he
taught, and also had become acquainted with the best of the
upper classes, carried with us none other than very high an-
ticipations of a most profitable and pleasant term of study.
And so it proved. How he used to electrify us at times by
repeating something that had just been recited, as at the
close of the Agricola of Tacitus, his strongly marked face all
lighted up, new significance and something like inspiration
being given us, when with his deliberate, distinct, emphatic,
rhythmical, rich utterance, flowed out that prophetic sentence
in the world's literature, ' Quidquid ex Agricola amavimus,
quidquid mirati sumus, manet mansurumque in animis homi-
num, in aeternitate temporum, in fama rerum ! '
"I remember that while my class were in the (Edipus Tyr-
annus of Sophocles and the Medea of Euripides, I was suf-
fering from weak eyes, and went to the recitation-room with
no other preparation than that of hearing each lesson twice
read to me by two different students, who did me the kind-
ness to perform that service. But with Professor Chamber-
lain's luminous explanation and comment, no Greek of my
whole college course more deeply interested and helped me.
" He heard the rehearsal of my Commencement oration,
262 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
and some of his words on thut occasion I have not ceased to
remember with gratitude. Nor was I the only one who re-
ceived from him words of encouragement that proved of most
valuable service in our subsequent career. Still it was the
moral element that constituted his highest power of influ-
encing young men, and was his distinguishing personality.
May I say, for one, that in this moral and spiritual personal-
ity he has again and again come to me since his departure,
and been a present helper toward whatever of good I have
attained in life.
" A single anecdote will serve to illustrate the love with
which his pupils cherish his memory. I cannot but think that
every survivor of my class must have some recollection of the
fact, and share all my feelings in regard to it. He had been
occasionally late at recitation, and the class, to give him a
lesson of promptness, one morning having assembled as usual
after service in chapel, and waited some four minutes past
the hour, carried the vote to go to our rooms ; and so, the
professor just turning the corner, and hastening up the slope,
and his approach being announced by some on the lookout,
we dashed out, through the rear doors, or up the stairways,
and not a solitary member of the class remained in the room.
The next morning he was already there when we reached the
place, made no remark on the occurrence of the previous day,
and none of us could discern in him the faintest trace of dis-
pleasure. When, two years after we graduated, I heard of
his death, I remembered a slight, hacking cough which he
had, and that slightly bent, spare, though large and tall
frame, and always placid face, and realized for the first time
that what we imputed to him as a fault was the hindrance of
disease, and possibly of sleepless nights ; and I would have
given a world for an opportunity to ask his forgiveness."
1 The writer did not know until a few years ago that he was related, though
somewhat distantly, to the wife of Professor Chamberlain. He was personally
acquainted with her from his Sophomore year. He then boarded and roomed at
Mrs. President Brown's (Mrs. C.'s aunt). Her paternal great-grandfather, Rev-
Nicholas Oilman, of Durham, N. H., and the writer's paternal great-grandfather
(as well as maternal great-great-grandfather), Dr. Josiah Gilman, of Exeter, N.
H., were brothers. He has felt, ever since he knew this fact, like having a clearer
rijrht of inheritance in Professor Chamberlain.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 263
Another pupil says of Professor Chamberlain :
" He was well-proportioned, tall, active, and energetic.
His expression was dignified and commanding. In his word
there was power. Integrity marked all his life. His word
was 'as good as his bond. His principles were firmly grasped
and implicitly followed. His intellectual powers were of a
high order. He impressed every acquaintance with his intel-
lectual greatness. His discourse was lofty but impressive.
" His religious life was less marked in public. He united
with no church, though he was a man of prayer and from his
dying bed sent a religious message to the students."
From a reliable source we have the following notice of
another of Dartmouth's eminent and honored teachers :
DANIEL OLIVER, whose name appears on the list of teach-
ers of past years in both the Medical and Academical de-
partments of Dartmouth College, was born on the 9th of Sep-
tember, 1787. He was the third son of the Rev. Thomas Fitch
Oliver, at that time rector of St. Michael's, Marblehead, and
belonged to a family distinguished in the history of Massachu-
setts from the earliest period of the colony. He was a direct
descendant of Mr. Thomas Oliver, whom Winthrop calls " an
experienced and very skilful surgeon," and who acted as one
of the ruling elders of the church in Boston soon after his ar-
rival in 1632. Through his mother he was descended from
William Pynchon, one of the founders of the Massachusetts
Colony, and the Rev. William Hubbard, the historian of New
England ; and through his paternal grandmother he was a
descendant of the Rev. John Eliot, the noted Indian mission-
ary.
After the death of his father, which took place at Garrison
Forest, near Baltimore, before he had attained his tenth year,
he was placed in the care of Colonel Lloyd Rogers, of that
city, and almost immediately commenced his preparatory
course for college, applying himself to his studies with great
diligence, and entered Harvard College in 1802. Although
fond of study, and possessed of a mind of unusual vigor and
brilliancy, the ambitions of college life do not seem to have
dimmed the memories of his forest home in the South, and in
264 DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE.
his letters, while at Cambridge, he more than once recalls the
pleasant hours when living within its shades, in a strain at
once suggestive of a refined and poetic nature.
To one of his thoughtful and contemplative mind it is not
strange that, suddenly transferred from the quiet of home* life
to the turmoil of college scenes, he should have found much
that was distasteful ; and the following extract from a letter
to him from the late Mr. Justice Story, at that time be-
trothed to his eldest sister, and with whom he was on terms of
intimacy, would seem to imply no little disquietude on the
part of his student friend during the earlier years of his life
at Cambridge.
" You can hardly imagine with what delight I recur to the
days which I spent at Cambridge. In the delightful seclusion
from noisy vulgarity, in the sweet interchange of kind senti-
ments, and in the mutual competition of classic pursuits, I
possessed a unity and tranquillity of purpose far beyond the
merits of my later years. My first years there were not
marked with this peculiar character. It was in my Junior
and Senior years that, from forming a choice of friends, and
participating in the higher views of literature, I felt that
happiness resulted in the activity of intellect and possession
of friendship. That period will in future be yours ; and
though you may start with surprise at the thought at this
moment, that period will be marked out in the calendar of
your 'years as among the dies fortunatos. You and I are not
widely distinct in years, and you can therefore readily believe
that this attachment is not the moral relation of comparison
and experience ; no, it was reality which charmed me when
present, and reflects a lustre in remembrance. Go on, then,
my dear fellow, in the academic course with awakened hope.
A high destiny awaits you. The joys of youth shall give spirit
to the exertions of manhood, and the pursuits of literature
yield a permanent felicity attainable only by the votaries of
taste. Sweet are the attainments which accomplish the wishes
of friends. Our reliance upon you is founded on a belief that
ambition and literature will unite us in as close bonds as sym-
pathy and affinity.
" On a subject so interesting to me as my collegiate course
DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 265
I seldom reflect without melancholy ; not a harsh and dark
brooding, but a soft and tender pensiveness which
" ' Sheds o'er the soul a sympathetic gloom/ ^
" The thousand associations of festivity, pleasantry, study,
and recreation live to hallow the whole. The picture, by its
distance, loses its defects, and retains only the strong colorings
of primitive impression. Never do I cast my eyes on that
dear seat of letters but I exclaim involuntarily with Gray :
" ' Ah ! happy fields, ah ! pleasing shade,
Ah ! groves beloved in vain,
Where once my careless childhood strayed,
A stranger yet to pain ;
I feel the gales that round ye blow
A momentary bliss bestow/
" By the way, when you are at leisure and feel a little dull,
I advise you to take up some of our good-natured writers,
such as Dr. Moore, Goldsmith, Coleman, Cervantes, Don
Quixote, Smollett's novels, or the pleasant and airy produc-
tions of the muse. These I have always found a powerful
anti- splenetic ; and, although I am not a professed physician,
I will venture to prescribe to you in this instance with all the
confidence of Hippocrates. The whole system of nostrums
from that arch-quack, the old serpent, down to the far-famed
Stoughton of our own day, does not present so powerful a
remedy, amid all its antis, as cheerful reading to a heavy spirit.
I will venture to say, in the spirit of Montesquieu, that an
hour of such reading will place one quietly in his elbow chair
in all the tranquillity of a Platonic lover."
It is probable that Mr. Story's influence was not without
its effect in reconciling his young friend to college life, for
he was very soon to be found among the foremost in the
race for honorable distinction. He was. graduated with dis-
tinguished honor, in 1806, in a class of remarkable ability,
among whom were the late Hon. Alexander Everett, Judge
William P. Preble, Professor J. G. Cogswell,- and the vener-
able Dr. Jacob Bigelow, its last surviving member.
After leaving college he began the study of law under the
direction of Mr. Story, but very soon abandoned it, and en-
tered the office of his uncle, the late Dr. B. Lynde Oliver, of
266 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Salem, as a student of medicine. In 1809, he entered the
University of Pennsylvania, at that time distinguished by the
names of Rush, Wistar, and Physick, and by his talents and
attainments soon attracted the notice of Dr. Rush, whose
favorite pupil and warm friend he afterwards became. On
receiving his medical degree, the following letter, written in
terms of the highest compliment, was addressed by Dr. Rush
to his uncle and former instructor.
" PHILADELPHIA, May 1, 1810.
" DEAR SIB : I sit down with great pleasure to answer
your letter by your nephew, now Dr. Oliver, and to inform
you at the same time that he has received the honor of a doc-
tor's degree in our' university much to his credit and the sat-
isfaction of his teachers. From his singular talents, and from
his acquirements and manners, he cannot fail of becoming emi-
nent in his profession. Long, very long, may he live to re-
flect honor upon all who are related to him, or who have been
instrumental in opening and directing his acute and capacious
mind in the prosecution of his studies ! Be assured he carries
with him my highest respect and sincere affection.
" With respectful compliments to the venerable patriarch of
medicine, Dr. Holyoke (if not translated to a better world),
" I am, dear sir, very sincerely yours,
" BENJAMIN RUSH.
" DR. B. LYNDE OLIVER."
On his return to Salem, Dr. Oliver commenced the practice
of medicine, and in July, 1811, as appears from his diary, he
connected himself with Dr. R. D. Mussey, then a rising young
surgeon, and with whom he was afterwards so long associated.
From the following entry in the diary referred to, under date
of July 12, 1812, may be learned somewhat of his tastes. at
this time, and his mode of passing the waiting hours of an
early professional life :
" This day completed the first year of my connection in the
medical profession with Dr. R. D. Mussey. On reviewing this
period, I am sensible of a great loss of time, and of a degree
of professional and literary improvement altogether inade-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 267
quate to such an extent of time. Some improvement, how-
ever, has I hope, been made. With respect to the books
which I have read during the past year, the most important
are Mosheim's 4 Ecclesiastical History/ which I have not yet
quite completed, a learned and judicious outline of the his-
tory of the church, embracing many collateral topics of learn-
ing and philosophy . . . . ; Homer's ' Iliad ' in Greek, with
the exception of the last book ; the 4 JEneid,' except the last
two ; two or three books of Livy, and several of Juvenal's
' Satires/
" The most important literary enterprise which I have
undertaken and accomplished has been the delivery of a course
of lectures on Chemistry in connection with Dr. Mussey. In
Anatomy, also, we have executed something. Medicine will,
in future, claim more of my attention, but not to the neglect
of the two important collateral branches above mentioned."
In the autumn of 1815, Dr. Oliver was appointed to de-
liver a course of chemical lectures before the medical class at
Dartmouth College. Although he had thus far pursued the
study of chemistry as a collateral branch of medical science,
he felt warranted in accepting the appointment, without, how-
ever, proposing to himself a more permanent position in this
department.
In 1817, he was married to Miss Mary Robinson Pulling,
the only daughter of Edward Pulling, Esq., an eminent bar-
rister of Salem, and almost immediately went again to Phil-
adelphia to avail himself of the advantages of that seat of
medical learning, returning to Salem in the spring of 1818.
In the following year he was induced to undertake, in con-
nection with the Hon. John Pickering, the preparation of a
Greek lexicon, a work involving much labor and research,
and the larger portion of which fell to his lot. Although
mainly based on the Latin of Schrevelius, many of the in-
terpretations were new, and there were added more than two
thousand new articles. The magnitude of the task and its
successful accomplishment at once raised him to a conspicuous
rank among the scholars of his day.
In the summer of 1820 he accepted an appointment to the
professorship of the Theory and Practice of Medicine, and
268 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in Dartmouth College,
where he delivered his first course of lectures in the fol-
lowing autumn. He was also made Professor of Botany, and
his lectures upon Physiology were among his most valuable
contributions to medical literature. He took up his perma-
nent residence in Hanover, in August, 1821, and from this
time to the close of his connection with the college he was
most faithful to all its interests. In 1825 he was appointed
to the chair of Intellectual Philosophy in the Academical de-
partment of the college, a position which he filled with the
ability that distinguished him elsewhere. The address de-
livered by him on the occasion of his induction into this pro-
fessorship, upon the " Comparative Importance of the Study
of Mental Science," was thus far, perhaps, his most successful
literary effort. Clear, comprehensive, and abounding in pas-
sages of remarkable beauty and force, it established the repu-
tation of its author both as a writer and a metaphysician.
In 1835 was published his " First Lines in Physiology," a
treatise which received the highest commendation both at
home and abroad. It passed through three editions, and al-
though the rapid advance in physiological science since its
publication has" long since led to its disuse, it will still be ad-
mired by medical scholars for the purity of its style and the
learning it everywhere displays.
In the spring of 1837, Dr. Oliver closed his connection
with the college, and returned to Cambridge, where he was
temporarily residing at the time of his appointment, again to
resume the practice of his profession. He, however, delivered
a course of lectures at the Dartmouth Medical School in the
autumn of this and the following year. He was also induced,
in 1840, after declining professorships both in St. Mary's Col-
lege, Baltimore, and in Pennsylvania University, to deliver a
course of lectures on Materia Medica at the Medical College
of Ohio, but he resigned the chair at the close of the session,
and returned again to Cambridge, where he resided to the
close of his life. Although in declining health at this time,
he did not relinquish professional practice until within a few
months of his death, which took place on the 1st of June,
1842.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 269
During his comparatively brief career, Dr. Oliver had be-
come widely known as a medical and general scholar. As a
teacher in the various departments of medical science with
which he was connected he was also eminently successful.
His lectures, always prepared with great care, were written
with remarkable clearness and elegance, and were often list-
ened to with attention by many outside the ranks of the pro-
fession. " His lectures to the under-graduates of the college,"
says a contemporary, 1 "would be thought, I am persuaded,
still more remarkable than those upon Physiology. They
were intended to exhibit the present state of mental phil-
osophy. And the singular clearness with which he dis-
criminated the settled points of absolute knowledge in this
comprehensive and yet imperfect science, his happy develop-
ment of intricate and complicated principles, and the beau-
tiful colors which a true poetic spirit enabled him now and
then to throw over the bald peaks and angles of this cold
region, entitle him to a rank among metaphysicians as emi-
nent as he maintained in his appropriate profession."
" The intellectual character of Dr. Oliver," the same
writer afterwards adds, in language admirably chosen, " came
nearer than it has been my fortune to observe in almost any
other instance to the idea of a perfect 'scholar. He was at
once profound, comprehensive, and elegant. Upon no subject
which he had considered was his knowledge fragmentary or
partial. A philosophic, systematic habit of mind led him al-
ways to seek for the principles of things, and to be satisfied
only with the truth. The compass of his inquiries was as
extraordinary as their deptli. He had investigated with care
a surprising extent of knowledge. A master of his own lan-
guage, and minutely acquainted with all its principal pro-
ductions, he was also thoroughly versed in the Greek, and
familiar with the original works which have given to that
tongue the first place among human dialects. The German he
read with facility, and had pursued his favorite studies in the
masters of its profound learning. Of French and Italian he
was not ignorant. Music, both as a science and an art, was
1 Eulogy on Daniel Oliver, delivered by Rev. C. B. Haddock, professor of
Belles Lettres.
270 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
his delight and recreation. In the arts of painting and sculp-
ture his information was liberal and his taste said to be ex-
cellent. Morals and politics he had studied in their theory,
and in the history of the world. His acquaintance with civil
history was among the most extraordinary of his attainments.
The beautiful in Nature, in life, or in art or literature, few
men have so exquisitely enjoyed or so justly appreciated.
" Thus, the principal elements of a perfect mind seem to
have been singularly united and harmonized in him, exact-
ness of knowledge, liberal learning, and true taste."
Bred from infancy in the Church of England, Dr. Oliver
continued to the end a faithful member of that communion,
and few persons have had a firmer faith in the sublime truths
of revealed religion. It was no less to his deeply religious
and truthful spirit than to his innate love of right that may
be ascribed that regard for things sacred, that singular mod-
esty, that unfailing courtesy, and the high sense of personal
honor that distinguished him. It had been his desire, at a
late period of his life, to become a candidate for Holy Orders,
a step for which his ripe theological scholarship and his crit-
ical knowledge of Greek and Hebrew had already prepared
him, but his age deterred him.
Dr. Oliver had published little. Besides the treatise on
Physiology already mentioned, there are a few pamphlets
containing addresses delivered on various occasions, the most
important of which are one before the New Hampshire His-
torical Society in 1836, and that before the college at the
time of his induction into the professorship of Moral and In-
tellectual Philosophy.
Among his medical manuscripts may be mentioned an un-
finished work on General Pathology, which, had he lived to
complete, would have added to his reputation as a medical
author. Among his papers were also a few unpublished ad-
dresses and a few short and fragmentary poems, the effusions
of his earlier years, all characterized by that elegance of style
and fine poetic taste and feeling that marked their author.
A member of many learned literary and medical societies
at home, Dr. Oliver was honored in 1835 with a diploma
from the Academy of Sciences and Belles Lettres of Palermo,
and in 1838 received the degree of Doctor of Laws.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 271
The following notice of a gentleman of rare eminence in
the scientific world, is from a reliable source :
JAMES FREEMAN DANA, who was connected as a teacher
with both the Academical and Medical departments of Dart-
mouth College, was born at Arnherst, N. H., September 23,
1793. He was the eldest son of Luther and Lucy (Giddings)
Dana, and grandson of Rev. and Hon. Samuel Dana. On the
father's side he was descended from Richard Dana, who was
among the early settlers in Massachusetts ; on that of his
mother he was a descendant in the seventh generation from
Rev. John Robinson, the pastor of the noble band of Pilgrims
who founded Plymouth, Mass.
Dana was fitted for college at Phillips Academy, Exeter,
N. H., entered Harvard in 1809, and graduated in 1813, his
name standing on .the catalogue as Jonathan Freeman Dana ;
the first name, by which, however, he had never been known,
was changed to James, by act of legislature.
Immediately after entering Harvard, Dana showed a de-
cided partiality for scientific pursuits. To Natural Philos-
ophy, Natural History, and Chemistry, he mainly devoted his
attention, making excursions into the surrounding country for
the purpose of examining its geological structure, and collecting
mineralogical and other specimens. The result of these ram-
bles was embodied in a small volume, published in conjunction
with his brother Dr. S. L. Dana, in 1819, entitled " Mineral-
ogy and Geology of Boston and its Environs." While in col-
lege he formed, together with his brother and several class-
mates, a society for the cultivation of Natural Science and
Philosophy, named at first for two distinguished French chem-
ists, but afterward known as the Hermetic Society. Towards
the close of his collegiate course he was appointed to assist
Dr. Gorham, the professor of Chemistry, in preparing his
experiments. That eminent physician and chemist soon be-
came so much interested in the pupil who displayed such
assiduity in scientific researches, that finding he intended to
pursue the study of medicine, he kindly invited him to do so
under his tuition.
In 1813, Mr. Dana commenced his studies with Dr. Gor-
ham, attending lectures at the Medical College, but though
272 DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE.
he became well acquainted with the principles and practice of
the profession, he never relinquished his preference for Chem-
istry and Mineralogy. He became an active member of the
Boston Linnsean Society, and the first paper read before it,
entitled " An Analysis of the Incrustation formed upon the
Basket of Eggs from Derbyshire, England " (presented by
Judge Davis), was read by him. In the spring of 1813, the
Corporation of Harvard College employed Mr. Dana to visit
England in order to procure suitable apparatus for its chemi-
cal department. During his stay abroad he studied, for a
time, under the instruction of the somewhat distinguished
Frederic Accum. In consequence of this absence he did not
receive his degree of M. D. till 1817, that of A. M. having
been previously conferred.
In the autumn of 1817, Dr. Dana was appointed to deliver
a course of chemical lectures to the medical students of Dart-
mouth College. The professors in the Medical School were
Dr. R. D. Mussey and Dr. Cyrus Perkins. These lectures were
so satisfactory that the appointment was continued, and dur-
ing the autumns of 1818, 1819, and 1820, he lectured at Dart-
mouth, residing during the intervals at Cambridge, where,
in January, 1818, he was united in marriage with Matilda,
third daughter of Samuel Webber, D. D., late president of
Harvard College.
In 1821, being appointed professor at Dartmouth, Dr.
Dana removed to Hanover, where, relinquishing the practice
of medicine, he devoted his whole attention to his favorite
studies, to which was now added Botany, upon which he de-
livered some courses of lectures.
Dr. Perkins, the Professor of Materia Medica, removed to
New York after the dissolution of the " University of New
Hampshire," and the late admired and lamented Dr. Daniel
Oliver, of Salem, was appointed to the professorship. Dr.
Mussey, celebrated for his surgical knowledge and skill, re-
mained as the head of the Medical School, and among these
gentlemen, differing widely as , they did in many character-
istics, the warmest friendship subsisted. During the intervals
of leisure from strictly professional duties, Dr. Dana occupied
himself in continuing to write for " Silliman's Journal," and
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 273
in frequent excursions to various parts of New Hampshire, for
the purpose of analyzing the ores and waters of mines and
springs. His published analysis of the waters of a spring in
Burton, N. H., was considered so scientific a production, that
he was written to as to accepting a professorship in the Uni-
versity of Virginia. Not wishing the appointment, he declined
becoming a candidate.
In the latter part of 1825, Professor Dana published " An
Epitome of Chemical Philosophy," designed as a text-book
for his own classes, but which was afterwards adopted as such
in two other institutions. In 1826, he was appointed one of
the visitors of West Point Military Academy, and soon after
his return was chosen to the chair of Chemistry, in the Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons in the University of New
York, to which city he then removed. He was elected mem-
ber of the Linnasan Society of New York, and accepted an
invitation to deliver a course of lectures before the Athenaeum.
During his residence at Hanover, Professor Dana had been
much interested in Electro-magnetism, then a new science, and
in preparing apparatus for exhibiting its wonders, freely stat-
ing his conviction that it would produce more astonishing re-
sults than any power previously known. When surprise was
expressed at his selecting for his Athenaeum lectures this sub-
ject, so little known even in Europe, and in which so few in
this country would feel any interest, Dr. Dana replied that he
had chosen it for those reasons ; that he thought it time for
public attention to be directed to it, as he was certain it would
lead to most valuable results, and that he should endeavor to
render it popular. How far he succeeded, the delighted audi-
ences that crowded to hear him bore evidence. Of the truth
of his prediction as to the results to be wrought out by the
science, the marvels of the electro-magnetic telegraph bear
witness to the world.
Samuel F. B. Morse was then following his profession as a
painter in New York, and lectured upon art before the Athe-
naaum. An intimacy sprang up between him and Dr. Dana,
whose lectures he attended, and whom he used to visit in his
laboratory, thus becoming familiar with his views on scientific
18
274 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
subjects. Morse's published statements as to the origin of
his knowledge of electro-magnetism are as follows :
" I learned from Professor Dana, in 1827, the rationale of
the electro-magnet, which latter was exhibited in action. I
witnessed the effects of the conjunctive wires in the different
forms described in his lectures, and exhibited to his audience.
The electro-magnet was put in action by an intensity battery ;
it was made to sustain the weight of its armature, when the
conjunctive wire was connected with the poles of the battery
or the circuit was closed; and it was made to 'drop its load'
upon opening the circuit. These, with many other principles
of electro-magnetism were all illustrated experimentally to
his audience. These being the facts, to whom do I owe the
first knowledge which I obtained of the science of electro-
magnetism bearing upon the practical delevopment of the
telegraph ? Professor Dana had publicly demonstrated in my
hearing and to my sight all the facts necessary to be known
respecting the electro-magnet The volute modifica-
tion of the helix to show the concentration of magnetism at
its centre, adapted to the electric magnet, the modification
since universally adopted in the construction of the electro-
magnet, is justly due, I think, to the inventive mind of Prof.
James Freeman Dana. Death, in striking him down at the
threshold of his fame, not only extinguished a brilliant light
in science one which gave the highest promise of future
distinction but the suddenness of the stroke put to peril the
just credit due him for discoveries he had already made.
Dana had not only mastered all of the science of electro-mag-
netism then given to the world, a science in which he was an
enthusiast, but, standing on the confines that separate the
known from the unknown, was at the time of his decease pre-
paring for new explorations and new discoveries. I could not
mention his name in this connection without at least render-
ing this slight but inadequate homage to one of the most lib-
eral of men and amiable of friends, as well as promising phi-
losophers of his age."
The delivery of these, lectures was amongst Dr. Dana's last
public efforts. A severe cold, resulting in an attack of ery-
sipelas affecting the brain, terminated his brief life of thirty-
three years, on the 15th of April, 1827.
DARTMOUTH, COLLEGE. 275
In the various relations of private life he had won the
warm attachment of all who knew him. To the charm of a
buoyant and affectionate disposition he added Christian prin-
ciple and character. During his student life at Harvard, he
had become a communicant of the Episcopal Church, and con-
tinued a devout worshipper according to her liturgy. Her
Burial Service was read over his remains, by his friend Dr.
Wainwright, the funeral rites being performed at Grace
Church, on the 17th of April.
When it was proposed, in 1871, by the National Telegraph
Monument Association to erect a monument to Professor
Morse, at Washington, the family of Dr. Dana furnished, at
its request, a portrait of him from which a likeness was to
be cast for one of the faces at the base of the monument.
Since the death of Professor Morse, no progress seems to
have been made in the effort to erect this memorial of scien-
tific progress.
276 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
CHAPTER XXIV.
PROF. BENJAMIN HALE. PROF. ALPHEUS CROSBY. PROF.
IRA YOUNG.
FROM reliable sources we have the following account of
another gentleman of distinguished worth, who was an in-
structor also both in the Academical and Medical depart-
ments of the college.
BENJAMIN HALE was born on the 23d of November, 1797,
in Newbury, Mass., now a part of the city of Newbury port.
He was the eldest son of Thomas Hale, who was the grand-
son of the fifth Thomas, in that series of Hales, whose first
representative came to Newbury in about 1637. His mother
was Alice Little, a daughter of the Hon. Josiah Little of
Newbury, and grand-daughter of Col. Moses Little, an officer
in the Continental Army. On both sides of the house Benja-
min Hale came of a race of vigorous, industrious, and useful
men, held in honor by their fellow citizens, and invariably
distinguished for their exemplary habits, their domestic vir-
tues, their sterling goodness, and their faithfulness in the
discharge of trusts and duties. In childhood he was studious,
quiet, kind, and genial ; fond of books, the favorite of his
youthful companions, and the cheerful companion of the aged.
In the autumn of 1813, he went to Atkinson Academy ;
and in September, 1814, entered Dartmouth College ; but his
health becoming impaired, he went to Dummer Academy,
Byfield, in the autumn of 1815, to pursue his studies under
the direction of its principal, the Rev. Mr. Abbott. In Feb-
ruary, 1816, he entered the Sophomore class at Bowdoin Col-
lege, then under the presidency of the venerable Dr. Appleton,
whose grave kindness soon won his reverent love. He at
once secured an honorable position in his class, which was
the largest that had then been in that college. In Septem-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 277
ber, 1818, he received the degree of B. A. ; his part at Com-
mencement being the salutatory oration. Having been pre-
viously offered the academy at Saco, and recollecting a remark
of his old pastor, Dr. Spring, that " one who meant to be a*
minister would do well to try his hand at being a schoolmas-
ter," he took charge of the academy for one year.
In the autumn of 1819, he became a member of the Theo-
logical Seminary at Andover, Mass. Here his college class-
mate, Rufus Anderson, afterwards the distinguished Secretary
of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis-
sions, was his class-mate and room-mate. Dr. Anderson thus
writes of him : " Our friendship was founded in mutual
knowledge and esteem, and continued during his life. The
operations of his mind were effective, equally so in nearly
every branch of learning. He was quick and accurate in the
Mathematics, in the Languages, and in Music. I know not in
what one branch he was best fitted to excel. While perfect
in all his recitations, he was social, always ready for conver-
sation when I desired it. He had, and through his whole life
retained, my entire confidence as a man of God, nor was I
surprised at the eminent position he afterwards attained in
the church of Christ. Pleasant is his memory, and pleasant
is the thought of meeting him in a better world." While
at Andover he had leisure for reading, and that part of it
which he devoted to Ecclesiastical History had an important
influence as it turned out, in deciding his future ecclesiastical
connection.
At the Commencement of Bowdoin College, in 1820, he was
appointed tutor. He taught the Junior class in Natural Phi-
losophy, and Locke's Essay on the Human Understanding, and
the Sophomore class in Geometry and some other parts of
Mathematics, and in Logic. At the same time he continued
to pursue his theological studies, and in January, 1822, was
licensed to preach by the York Association. In September,
1821, he delivered a Latin valedictory oration, and took his
degree of A. M. With regard to this period of his life, his
fellow tutor, now the venerable Prof. Packard, thus writes :
" Mr. Hale gave at once the impression of a kind, generous,
faithful heart, a clear, acute, and rapid intellect, and a vig-
278 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
orous grasp of any subject to which he gave his thought.
He was a diligent student. He loved books. Without con-
ceit he had sufficient self-reliance, which was always of ser-
vice to him as a teacher and governor. He always had the
good-will of his pupils, and whether with them or with his
colleagues he exerted an influence above rather than below
his age and standing. He was a true man, unselfish, of a de-
cidedly social turn, of warm affections, of a genial humor."
In the summer of 1822, he received proposals from R. H.
Gardiner, Esq., of Gardiner, Me., to take charge of a new
institution which he had determined to establish for the edu-
cation of farmers and mechanics in the principles of science.
Mr. Hale accepted, and closed his connection with Bowdoin
College in 1822, and entering upon his duties January 1,
1823, opened the Lyceum, was inaugurated as its principal,
and delivered an address on the occasion. He soon after re-
turned his license, finding it inconvenient to meet the many
calls for preaching extended to him, and having become also
so settled in his preference for the Protestant Episcopal
Church that he determined to take Orders therein, should he
ever be so situated as to think it his duty to preach again.
On the 9th day of April, 1823, he was married to Mary Caro-
line King, the eldest daughter of the Hon. Cyrus King, M. C.
The Lyceum soon attracted students and became a flourish-
ing institution. Its principal gave lectures in Chemistry and
taught Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, and in winter
had classes in Architecture and in Agricultural Chemistry.
For the former of these classes he prepared, in 1827, a work
on the " Elementary Principles of Carpentry."
In July, 1827, having received an invitation to succeed Pro-
fessor Dana in the chair of Chemistry at Dartmouth College,
Mr. Hale accepted, and delivered his inaugural address on the
day after Commencement. His esteemed and able colleagues
in the Medical College were Reuben D. Mussey, M. D., Prof,
of Anatomy and Surgery ; and Daniel Oliver, M. D., Prof,
of Theory and Practice of Medicine. It should be noted
that at that period the importance of physical studies was
not fully appreciated at Dartmouth. The college had not
taken a scientific periodical in half a century. There was no
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 279
cabinet of minerals. " There was not," writes Dr. Oliver,
" a single modern volume in the college library upon either
Mineralogy or Geology ; and scarcely one, if one, upon Chem-
istry, later than the days of Fourcroy or Vauquelin. The
prevailing taste was decidedly an ti- physical. It was directed
another way, and not only so, but there was among the col-
lege Faculty a disposition to undervalue the physical sci-
ences." Dr. James F. Dana, the predecessor of Professor
Hale, writing of the college in reference to physical science,
used the following remarkable expression : " It was anchored
in the stream, and served only to show its velocity." When
Professor Hale was engaged, his duties comprised a course of
daily lectures to the medical class through the lecture term, to
which lectures the members of the Senior and Junior classes
were to be admitted ; and instruction to the Junior class in
some chemical text-book by daily recitations for five or six
weeks. This was all.
Professor Hale, however, addressed himself to his work with
characteristic activity and zeal. He proceeded to give each
year to the college classes a separate course of over thirty
lectures, and discharged the expenses of them himself. He
substituted a larger and more scientific text-book for that in
use, and obtained an allowance of forty or more recitations
instead of thirty. He laid the foundation of the cabinet of
minerals by giving five hundred specimens, classifying and
labeling all additions, leaving the collection in respectable
condition with 2,300 specimens. He gave annually about
twenty lectures in Geology and Mineralogy ; and for some
years was the regular instructor of the Senior class in the
Philosophy of Natural History. For two years, also, he took
charge of the recitations in Hebrew, and occasionally took
part in other recitations ; and, with another, served as build-
ing committee during the whole process of repairing and erect-
ing the college edifices.
December 11, 1827, Professor Hale wrote, in a family
letter, " I have made out a plan, for the repair of the College
building, and the addition of a building for libraries, etc., for
the use of Trustees at their next session. It takes with the
president mightily, and I think they will make it go."
280 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
And in another family letter, the first after returning from
a journey, under date of March 20, 1828, he wrote :
" My arrival at Hanover was very opportune. I was looked
for for sometime, and letters were about being despatched for
me I have the honor of being one-half of the build-
ing committee, Professor Chamberlain being the other moiety,
and we are commencing operations. The prospects of the
College are now so bright, that the plan I at first proposed,
and which was adopted by the Trustees, is abandoned, and we
are preparing to erect two brick buildings, three stories in
height, and fifty feet by seventy. One for students' rooms,
and the other for public rooms And what is more
comforting, our funds are improving so much that the build-
ing will not distress us very much if the $30,000 should not
be realized. A good many old debts have been collected, and
are coming in, by which one building could be erected.
About $13,000 have already been subscribed, and subscrip-
tions are daily arriving."
All this was voluntary and gratuitous work. It is no won-
der that students thus cared for should respond, as they did,
with enthusiasm and regard. Happily, in this department
as well as in all others, Dartmouth College is now in motion,
and fully up with the foremost in the current of physical
study.
During his last three years, Professor Hale was President
of the Phi Beta Kappa Society. His portrait, presented, it is
believed, by the members of that society, now hangs in the
college library.
While at Hanover, Professor Hale thought it his duty to
resume his purpose of preaching, and was accordingly ordained
Deacon by the Rt. Rev. Dr. Griswold, Bishop of the Eastern
Diocese, September 28, 1828, at Woodstock, <Vt. ; and Priest
by the same bishop, in St. Paul's, Newburyport, January 6,
1831. In taking this step he violated in no respect the charter
of the college, he undertook nothing which conflicted with the
duties of his professorship, he acted neither obtrusively nor
illiberally; but while he occasionally preached in neighbor-
ing churches, he always, in Hanover, scrupulously observed
the appointment at the village meeting-house. On Sunday
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 281
nights, however, he held a service in his own house, for his
own family, and the family of Dr. Oliver, and such other
communicants of the Episcopal Church, and friends, as might
desire to attend. Difference in sentiment on religious sub-
jects, between Professor Hale and the Trustees of the college,
and action on their part which can hardly be regarded as jus-
tifiable, led to the termination of Professor Hale's connection
with the college, in 1835.
In 1835, Professor Hale published two works, " A Valedic-
tory Letter to the Trustees," and " Scriptural Illustrations of
the Liturgy." In August of that year he attended the Gen-
eral Coavention of the Protestant Episcopal Church as a del-
egate from the Diocese of New Hampshire. In October, 1836,
the degree of D. D. was conferred upon him by Columbia Col-
lege. In December, having had a severe attack of bronchitis,
he sailed to St. Croix to spend the winter. His published
letters under the signature of " Valetudinarius " were very
pleasant to the reading public.
In the course of the next year he entered upon the labori-
ous and high duties of an office which occupied the remaining
years of his active life. He was elected, August 2, 1836, to
the Presidency of Geneva College, N. Y., and entered upon
his duties in the following October ; delivering an inaugural
address on the 21st of December. It is of course impossi-
ble here to give the varied and interesting details of his pres-
idential life. To this institution he freely gave the wealth of
his well stored and acute mind, his tried experience, and his
cheerful, patient resolution. The trials were sometimes great,
the laborers few, the support scanty, and there were times
when it seemed as if the one man only stood between the
life of the college and its death. As one of the Trustees
wrote, " Life was already nearly extinct, and death would
have soon followed, had not the president given himself
wholly to the work with a faith that never faltered, a perse-
verance which strengthened with difficulties, and a thorough
conviction that his work, if well done, would promote the
glory of God and his church through all time." And he
was successful, as much so as it was within the power of one
man to be, both in correcting the evils which he foun.d exist-
282 DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE.
ing, and in securing the stability of the college beyond all
perad venture. Wherever he was, in the recitation room, in
the academic circle, in the Medical School of which he was
ex officio president, in the Board of Trustees, in the councils
of the bishop and the Diocese, in the conferences with the
Vestry of Old Trinity Church, before the Board of Regents,
before the Legislature of the State, he was always the learned,
sagacious, loyal, and inspiring president ; respected and be-
loved always, by all who entered the circle of his influence ;
and illustrating daily in his own character, the symmetry,
strength, and purity of the principle by which he was gov-
erned.
Dr. Hale instructed easily in every department of learning.
He was most fond of ethical and metaphysical studies. His
class room will never be forgotten by those who delighted to
go to it, and regretted to leave it. His courses of lectures
for many years included Civil and Ecclesiastical Architecture.
He loved music, and read it as easily as the words. His dic-
tion was always remarkable for the best English, expressed
in the happiest style. His memory and power of association
were almost unerring. His temper was held in the nicest
balance. In preaching he was a Chrysostom in wisdom,
truth, and sweetness.
We have not space to dwell upon this theme, nor upon the
wholesome influence which Dr. Hale exerted in the diocese in
which he was placed, both Cowards preparing the way for a
second diocese in the State of New York, and in ministering
in his place to its unity and order, when under the Episcopal
charge of the noble De Lancey. In 1858, he left Hobart
(once Geneva) College, and in 185.9 he left Geneva, with this
distinguished record : " The thorough and skillful teacher,
the laborious and self-sacrificing president, the sympathizing
friend, the genial companion, the judicious adviser, the cour-
teous Christian gentleman ; in all these relations so bearing
himself as to gain the profound respect and tender affection
of all who knew him."
Dr. Hale retired to live in Newburyport, near his birth-
place and by the graves of his forefathers, with his children
around him. Even then " his influence upon the community
DAETMOUTH COLLEGE. 283
distilled like the dews of heaven to gladden the earth.'* He
departed to his rest in Paradise on the 15th of July, 1863.
Dr. Hale had four sons and three daughters, of whom the
sons (one has since departed) and one daughter survived
him.
His published works, beside communications to newspapers
on current topics, are : " An Address to the Public from
the Trustees of Gardiner Lyceum," 1822. " An Inaugural
Address at Gardiner," 1823. " Address to the Public in re-
gard to the Lyceum," 1824. " Introduction to the Mechan-
ical Principles of Carpentry," 1827. " Sermon before the
Convention of New Hampshire," 1830. " Lecture before the
American Institute of Instruction, On the Best Method of
Teaching Natural Philosophy," 1830. " Sermon, On the
Unity of God, preached before the Convention of the Eastern
Diocese," 1832. " Scriptural Illustrations of the Liturgy of
the Protestant Episcopal Church," 1835. " Valedictory
Letter to the Trustees of Dartmouth College," 1835. " In-
augural Address, Geneva College, On the Equalizing and
Practical Tendency of Colleges," 1836. " A Lecture before
the Young Men's Association of Geneva, On Liberty and
Law," 1838. " Baccalaureate : Education in its Relations to
a Free Government," 1838. " The Present State of the
Question," a pamphlet, in relation to the division of the
Diocese of New York, 1838. " Baccalaureate : The Lan-
guages," 1839. " Baccalaureate : Mathematics," 1841. " Lec-
ture on the Sources and Means of Education," 1846. " Bac-
calaureate : The Position of the College, the State, and the
Church," 1847. " Historical Notices of Geneva College,"
1849. " Sermon on the Death of Major Douglass," 1849.
PROFESSOR ALPHEUS CROSBY, who was elected to the
Chair of Greek and Latin in the College, in 1833, Professor
Calvin E. Stowe having filled the position in the interval
after the death of Professor Chamberlain, was the son of Dr.
Asa and Abigail (Russell) Crosby, and was born at Sand-
wich, N. H., October 13, 1810. Although less than twenty-
three years of age, his superior scholarship fully warranted
the appointment. After ably filling this chair several years,
284 DARTMOUTH t COLLEGE.
by a division of labor he was permitted to confine himself
exclusively to the Greek language and literature. To his
refined and sensitive nature the stern old Roman was less
attractive than the more polished Greek. It is quite proba-
ble that Professor Crosby was more largely indebted than he
himself was aware to the moulding influence of his amiable
and excellent mother, for that particular type of mind and
heart which placed him among the foremost Grecian scholars
of his time. Professor Crosby's career as a linguist illus-
trated two distinct forms of success. He excelled both as
a teacher and as an author. His success as a teacher no one
will question who had the privilege of listening to his instruc-
tions, if only for a single hour. He questioned the student
with a critical eye and ear, but a womanly gentleness. His
translations might well be likened to celestial music, long
pent-up in foreign caves, but now finding rich and varied and
sweet expression, in the mother tongue. His success as an
author is sufficiently indiaated by the extensive use of his
text-books, especially the " Greek Grammar."
His classmate, Rev. Dr. Tenney, says :
" It is very pleasant for me to bring back before me your
brother as I remember him at the commencement of our
college life. He was, as you know, a boy of twelve years,
dressed in a boy's jacket with a ruffled shirt, collar coming
down over his shoulders, such as boys wore in those days
playful as a kitten, and as innocent as the purest-minded
girl. He was probably the best fitted (as the phrase is) for
college, of any member of the class. He had, I believe, gone
over all the studies of the Sophomore year. Without any ap-
parent effort he maintained his preeminence through his en-
tire college course, not only in the Languages, but also in
Mathematics and Mental Philosophy. My recollection is that
he had committed to memory all the Greek primitives before
he left college, yet with all his preeminence as a scholar he
never seemed to have the remotest consciousness that there
was anything remarkable about himself. We had ambitious
men in the class and some bitter rivalries, but no one ever
thought of questioning his position. In short he was both the
pet and pride of the class ; his conscientiousness as a boy was
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 2<85
that which characterized him as a man. I do not think he
would have done a consciously wrong thing for his right hand.
I remember being with him one Sabbath, when a letter was
handed him from home, and his views of the sacredness of the
Sabbath were such that he would not open it until the Sab-
bath was passed. I mention this, not to illustrate the earn-
estness of his conscience, but simply to show its authority
over him.
" As your brother was the youngest of the class, I was one
of the oldest, but from the commencement of our class life our
intimacy was constant. I could very readily tell why I was
attracted to him, but his friendship for me I could never un-
derstand ; sure I was that I never loved any other man as I
did him ; he visited me a number of times ; as I was at his
home in Salem not long before his lamented death, he seemed
to me the same at the end as he was at the beginning, one of
the most lovable and remarkable men I ever knew, and the
world has seemed to be poorer ever since he left it."
Mr. C. C. Chase, Principal of the High School in Lowell,
of the class of 1839, says :
" I have had many laborious, faithful teachers, but only one
genius, and that was Professor Alpheus Crosby. He was ac-
curate upon a point not because he appeared to have looked it
up in the books, but because he instinctively knew it. It was
in the Greek that I was instructed by him, and I clearly re-
call, at this day, the expression of his face, as he explained
it to us. He seemed to revel in the beautiful thoughts and
splendid conceptions of the great dramatists. He did not ap-
pear to be so anxious as most teachers, that our recitations
should show our critical grammatical knowledge, but rather
that we should appreciate and enjoy the wonderful creations of
the great minds of antiquity. He loved to teach. It seemed
to be his delight to tell others what he had so much enjoyed
himself. It was the study of his Greek grammar that first
gave me a love for the noble language of ancient Greece. I
know of no grammar that has so few bones and so much meat
in it. One can really enjoy reading it in an idle hour ! It
so clearly reveals the fact that that most beautiful of lan-
guages, with all its sweetness and euphony, is but a transcript
286 DAETMOUTH COLLEGE.
of the mind of the race of men that knew more of beauty, of
taste, and of philosophy than all the ancient world besides.
Professor Crosby entered into the secret chambers of Greek
thought, and became himself a Greek, and seemed to feel a
perpetual flow of delight, as he told to others what seemed so
charming to himself. Others might compel an indolent stu-
dent to devote more time and study to his lessons, but none
could equal him in leading those who loved to follow, into
the * green pastures ' and ' sweet fields ' of the domain of
learning."
Hon. George Stevens, of the class of 1849, says :
" My acquaintance with Professor Crosby began upon my
admission to college. My preparation in Greek was imper-
fect, and my knowledge of the language was quite limited.
His manner of dealing with and instructing the class soon
won my admiration, love, and respect for him, and opened to
me a new and unexpected source of pleasure in the beauties
of the Greek language. The primitive simplicity, the euphony,
sweetness, and artistic perfection of the language awakened a
response and an appreciation which only those who are like
him can feel. This appreciation of the beauties of his favor-
ite language, kindled in him an enthusiastic love for it. His
manner of teaching imparted something of this same enthusi-
asm in the students. The thoroughness of his instruction,
his perfect courtesy towards all the students, the extreme
kindness with which he always treated them, his constant
mildness and equanimity in the presence of the class, in the
face even of rude conduct and inexcusable ignorance of the
lesson, his great love and supreme devotion to his duties, ap-
parent to all, won the love and respect, and gave him the
control of every student under him, which no sternness or
severity could ever have secured. I never knew the least
disobedience to him or the slightest disrespect shown towards
him, either in his presence or absence. The great simplicity,
purity, and honesty of his character, was a perfect shield to him
against all attacks, in word or act, open or covert. I consider
him, after years of reflection and experience, the best teacher
I ever had ; and of all the impressions of the teachers of my
boyhood and youth, those made by him upon me I find are
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 287
the deepest and most lasting, and now, after the lapse of more
than a quarter of a century, are the dearest to me."
Professor Hagar, in the "New England Journal of Educa
tion," says :
"Professor Alpheus Crosby, whose death occurred in Sa-
lem, Mass., on the 17th of April, 1874, was so widely and
favorably known as a scholar, and was so much esteemed as a
man, that a notice of his life and labors, more extended than
has hitherto appeared, is justly due his memory.
" Professor Crosby very early showed remarkable power in
the acquisition of knowledge. He learned the rudimentary
branches of education almost without a teacher. Mathemat-
ics, Latin, and Greek came to him almost by intuition. When
engaged in study, he was so deeply absorbed that he seemed
wholly unconscious of time, place, or surroundings. When in
his tenth year he was taken to Hanover, the seat of Dart-
mouth College, and was placed temporarily under Professor
Adams in Algebra and Euclid, under Tutor James Marsh
in Latin, and under Tutor Ruf us Choate in Greek ; and these
gentlemen pronounced him fitted for college. He was then
returned to Gilmanton Academy, and, to prevent him from
trespassing upon college studies, he was put to the study of
Hebrew, under the Rev. John L. Parkhurst, who was well
known as a ripe scholar. He was subsequently sent to Exeter
Academy to bridge over, with various studies, the months
which his friends thought must be passed before he should
enter college. At the fall term of the college, in 1823, in
his thirteenth year, he entered ; and he passed through the
four years' course of study without a rival and far beyond
rivalry. His power of acquisition and retention was mar-
velous.
" After his graduation, he was kept at Hanover four years ;
the first, as the preceptor of Moor's Indian Charity School,
and the following three as tutor in the college. During this
period he joined the college church, and formed his purpose
to prepare for the ministry, and spent nearly two years at the
Theological Seminary, in Andover, Mass. He was appointed
to a professorship of Latin and Greek, in 1833. In 1837 he
was released from the Latin and became professor of Greek
288 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
only, which office he held until 1849, when he resigned ; but
he remained Professor Emeritus until his death.
" In 1834 he married Miss Abigail Grant Jones Cutler, only
child of Joseph and Abigail Cheesboro Grant (Jones) Cutler,
of Newburyport, Mass. Mrs. Crosby becoming an invalid,
Professor Crosby took her to Europe and traveled with her
through England, Germany, and France, until they reached
Paris, where Mrs. Crosby died. On his return he resumed
the duties of his professorship. After the death of his father-
in-law, Mr. Cutler, he resigned his professorship, and removed
to Newburyport to care for Mrs. Cutler, who was an invalid.
His Greek Grammar, theological disquisitions, and the super-
intendency of schools in Newburyport occupied his attention
until Mrs. Cutler's death in 1854, when he entered into the
employment of the Board of Education in Massachusetts as
its agent. In this capacity he rendered the State most valua-
ble services by visiting the public schools in various parts of
the State, and by his instructive and practical lectures on edu-
cational subjects. So efficient were his labors, that in 1857 he
was appointed by the Board of Education to the principalship
of the State Normal School in Salem ; this important post he
occupied eight years. To the interests of this school he zeal-
ously devoted his great knowledge and ability, raising it to a
high standard of excellence and giving to it a most honorable
reputation. He gave the school the largest part of its valua-
ble library, and obtained for its use the most of its considera-
ble cabinet. By his heartfelt kindness and his faithful in-
structions he secured the love and profound esteem of his
pupils, who will ever hold him in affectionate remembrance.
In the Normal School and elsewhere, as he had opportunity,
Professor Crosby earnestly advocated the liberal education of
women, believing that their educational advantages ought to
equal those enjoyed by men.
" While principal of the school at Salem he, for several
years, was the editor-in-chief of the ' Massachusetts Teacher,'
performing gratuitous labors which were highly appreciated
by the teachers of Massachusetts and of other States.
" Having traveled through the Southern States, that he
might gain a better knowledge of his own country before he
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 289
went abroad, he became deeply impressed with the iniquities
of slavery, and dropped readily into the ranks of the abolition-
ists. He was intensely interested in all the discussions and
phases of freedom, from Adams's * Right of Petition ' cru-
sade down to the day of his death. His patriotism during
the war was full and glowing. The political disquisitions in
his ' Right Way,' which he edited for a year, upon the ques-
tion of reconstruction, were keen and convincing. He also
published a series of elementary lessons for teaching the freed-
men of the South to read.
" During all these years, after leaving his professorship, he
was building other educational books besides his Greek Gram-
mar 4 Xenophon's Anabasis,' * Eclogse Latinse,' ' Lessons
in Geometry,' a ' Greek Lexicon ' for his Anabasis, and, last,
4 Explanatory Notes to the Anabasis,' which he had nearly
ready for the 'press when death closed his labors.
" The heart of Professor Crosby was full of love for every-
body and every creature of God. He drank deeply at every
spring whence flowed charity, benevolence, freedom, and pa-
triotism. He remained to his death a member of an orthodox
church, but, during the last years of his life, he worshipped
with Christians of other denominations, having softened his
early faith by a more liberal trust in the boundless love and
mercy of God, his Heavenly Father.
" In his association with teachers of every class, he showed
himself a friend to all. His geniality of manner, his pleasant
words, his sympathizing spirit, his overflowing desire to make
others happy, his seemingly inexhaustible knowledge, and his
intelligent and ever-courteous discussion of controverted ques-
tions in education, morals, and religion, secured for him the
warm affection and deep respect of all who were privileged to
know him."
Mr. Collar, of the Roxbury Latin School, says :
" Professor Crosby belonged not to Massachusetts alone, but
to all New England to the whole land. Our country is
poorer by the loss of an eminent scholar, one of that small
band of classical scholars in America who are known and
honored at foreign seats of learning. In the latest, freshest,
and most original Greek grammar that I am acquainted with,
19
290 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
that by Professor Clyde, of Edinburgh, the author acknowl-
edges his obligations to four distinguished scholars, three
Europeans, and one American, and the American is Professor
Crosby."
" Professor Crosby's first marriage has been referred to ;
his second wife was Martha, daughter of Joseph Kingman, of
West Bridgewater, Mass."
The following paragraphs, from an authentic source, intro-
duce another eminent teacher.
IRA YOUNG was born at Lebanon, N. H., May 23, 1801.
His parents were Samuel and Rebecca (Burnham) Young.
His early years were chiefly spent in working at his father's
trade, that of carpenter, though every winter after he was six-
teen, he taught in one of the district schools in the neighbor-
hood. He cherished a strong desire for a collegiate education,
but was not at liberty to take any steps in that direction until
he became of age. Want of means would have been with
many in his circumstances an insurmountable obstacle, not
so with him. By the willing labor of his hands, he obtained
in eight months the means of fitting for college at Meriden
Academy, where he studied one year, and soon after leaving
that institution, where he stood high in scholarship, he entered
Dartmouth College. Neither in this year of preparation, nor
during ail his college course, did he ever receive pecuniary
aid from any individual or society. He paid his way by
teaching.
While at Meriden, he became, with many of his classmates,
savingly interested in religion, and made a public profession
of his faith in Christ in his native place. His religious expe-
rience, we have reason to believe, was deep and thorough,
producing an humble, loving faith in Christ as the only Sav-
iour, and a sincere, benevolent goodwill to all around him
to all mankind. His mind was calm and peaceful not sub-
ject to the agitations felt by so many in their religious life,
and his trust and confidence in God were never shaken. He
could never bear to hear any questioning of the ways of Prov-
idence, however dark and mysterious they might appear.
44 God wills it," was always enough for him.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 291
Through his college course he passed with honor and suc-
cess, taking high rank in a class which was exceptionally good,
producing a large number of men who were afterwards distin-
guished in professional and public life. Though himself
guided in all things by the highest Christian principle, he yet
knew how to feel for those who were in danger of falling
into evil courses ; and certainly in one instance, by his tender
and watchful care, he was the means of reclaiming and saving
a young friend from threatening ruin.
He graduated in 1828, and taught afterwards for a year in
Berwick Academy, Maine, and subsequently in a large public
scho'ol in Boston, from which, in 1830, he was called to a tu-
torship in Dartmouth College. He held that position for
three years, during which he continued his theological studies,
which he had commenced with the ministry in view, and in
that year he preached regularly in some of the neighboring
towns.
He gave up this purpose, however, when he received the
appointment of Professor of Mathematics, Natural Philoso-
phy, and Astronomy, in place of Professor Adams, who re-
signed at that time, August, 1833. Before the close of that
month, he became Professor Adams' son-in-law by marriage
to his youngest daughter, Eliza, and seldom were father and
son more closely united in affection or more happy in mutual
intercourse.
In regard to his qualifications for his department and suc-
cess in the same, it may be well to refer to some remarks con-
tained in an obituary notice of him, written by one who for
many years was associated with him in instruction, and who is
now placed at the head of a sister institution.
" Professor Young had some qualities which fitted him emi-
nently for this position. He was, in the first place, thoroughly
master of the science and literature of his own department.
Distinguished while in college for mathematical attainments,
he never relaxed in careful and constant study of those
branches to which he particularly directed his attention. His
mind was thoroughly disciplined for truth and not for victory,
and thus he was ready to test his attainments by the most
thorough methods. As he was thorough with himself, so he
292 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
was with his pupils, trying them with doubtful questions
which the studious could easily answer, but which the ignorant
could not evade. Yet he was never harsh, nor captious, nor
irritating, though quick and ingenious in exposing mistakes
and follies. Besides his ample knowledge, he possessed re-
markably the power of clear and distinct statement. It was
the habit of his mind to reduce his facts to principles, and to
present them in their simplest forms. Few instructors have
excelled him in the facility with which he could disentangle
and elucidate a complicated problem, whether for the satisfac-
tion of his own mind, or the instruction of another. And he
was as patient as he was acute. Of a quiet temperament,' not
easily roused, nor rendered impatient at the dullness or want
of perspicuity in another, unless this resulted from a moral
rather than an intellectual weakness."
In April, 1853, he went to Europe and spent five months
abroad, for the purpose of procuring books and instruments
for the college, especially those which were needed for the
equipment of the Observatory, whose foundations were laid
that year. He had labored successfully in obtaining funds for
this object, in which he took a deep interest, and after the
completion of the building, it afforded him much pure enjoy-
ment, as it gave him greatly increased facilities both for ob-
serving and instructing in his favorite field of science.
Teaching was to him a real pleasure, and he often said that
he would not willingly exchange it for any other employment
that could be offered him. He felt a truly affectionate inter-
est in the young minds that successively came under his care,
sympathizing with them in their perplexities and troubles,
grieving for their errors, and rejoicing in whatever advances
they made in scientific attainments and true excellence of
character. Remembering his own early struggles, he felt
much sympathy with young men similarly situated, and often
rendered them efficient aid Nor was his care and inter-
est limited exclusively to the college, but he sought to do
good " as he had opportunity," and in the manifold relations
he sustained to others, in the family, the church, the neighbor-
hood, the village, his unselfish kindness was ever manifested.
He held the office of Treasurer of Meriden Academy for several
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 293
years after the resignation of his predecessor, and at the time
of his death had been a deacon of the church for twenty years.
During the summer term of 1858, he was unusually occu-
pied with college labors, being employed most of the day in
attending his recitations and lectures, and in preparation for
them. He had obtained some new philosophical apparatus,
which interested him much, and he never seemed to find more
pleasure in his work than then, though it often left him quite
weary and exhausted.
At that time there was a remarkable degree of religious in-
terest throughout the country, in which the college and the
village shared, and it resulted in numerous conversions. He
often attended the noon-day prayer meetings of the class he
was then instructing, and spoke of them with much pleasure ;
and his own heart was deeply moved by the heavenly in-
fluence.
Near the close of July he began to suffer much from a mal-
ady which, though hidden, must have been long in progress.
His sufferings were most acute and severe, but never did he
lose that sweet patience and serenity of spirit he had always
manifested, nor that calm submission to his Heavenly Father's
will. He died September 13, 1858.
In the words of one of his most esteemed associates : " The
village mourns, for it has lost an excellent citizen ; the church
mourns, for it has lost an efficient officer ; the college mourns,
for it has lost a revered teacher ; the State mourns, for it has
lost an exemplary subject, one who belonged to that class
who are justly styled 4 the light of the world ! ' !
Few men in America have ever been called to teach the ab-
struse science of Mathematics, who combined in such desirable
proportions a thorough knowledge of the science with a fac-
ulty of presenting it in a pleasing manner in the recitation
room. In the happy adjustment of Professor Young's powers
one could but observe a union of quick perception with almost
perfect self-control. Whatever the deficiencies of the student,
a hasty or unguarded or inappropriate or even an unscientific
word was seldom found in Professor Young's vocabulary. His
most impressive rebuke was silence.
In a commemorative " Discourse," President Lord says:
294 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" During his college course he was an earnest and success-
ful student. He carried his work before him, finished it in
its time, and did it well. He studied his lessons and a few
related books, and scattered not his mind by light, promiscu-
ous, and aimless reading. He gorged not, but thought and
digested, and never had a literary dyspepsia. Of course he
grew right along. He was resolved, prompt, exact, untiring,
and true as steel. Everybody knew where to find him. He
studied no popular arts. Though never rough or crusty, he
was curt and sarcastic ; but no man ever took offense who
knew the kindness of his heart. His fellow-students loved
him. His abilities and knowledge commanded their respect ;
his moral excellence secured their confidence, and his example
gave him power over their minds and manners. He hated
and reproved vice, frowned upon all disorder, disdained arti-
fice and trick, and stood out manfully in support of virtue.
Once, in the same entry, a few noisy and vicious young men
set up to be disturbers. They particularly insulted a worthy
but timid student, who was his neighbor. He took that stu-
dent to his own room, and gave him countenance and protec-
tion. Then they committed outrage upon his room, and
threatened personal abuse. When his remonstrance availed
nothing, he protested that he would not see such evil perpe-
trated in college, but would report them. They knew him,
believed him, desisted, and gave him then the honor of his
disinterested virtue, as virtue always receives its meed of
honor when it stands erect on its own prerogative, and is not
moved by the contradictions of unreasonable and wicked men.
Yet he was no ascetic. He liked companionship, was not fas-
tidious or exacting, never petulant or vindictive, but gentle
and forbearing. He had especial tenderness for those 4 good-
hearted ' young men who can never refuse to do wrong when
they are invited. A distinguished officer of one of our pro-
fessional institutions once said to me, ' I was, at one time,
when in college, thoughtless, self-indulgent, fell among bad
companions, and was nearly ruined. Mr. Young pitied me,
took hold of me, and saved me.' That excellent man could
not now speak of his benefactor without tears of gratitude.
"How he stood at college, that is, what rank he held,
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 295
whether first, second, or a lower figure in his class, I never
inquired, and, if I ever heard, I have forgotten. Probably he
was not equally indifferent, for if there be a more excellent
way of judgment, it was not quite evident to his calculating
mind. I have often admired how his professional bias led him
in his measurement of men, almost as by instinct, to arith-
metic, as if figures must, of course, be true, and as if insensible
moral and physical causes did not often greatly modify or
neutralize numerical computation. But it was a generous
prejudice, and I have also admired how, in his practical judg-
ment, he would unconsciously neutralize or modify his profes-
sional idea. He wanted nothing but realities. He went for
scholarship and not the show of it. He accepted no metal
that would not ring. He was accordingly judged by others
in reference to his sterling qualities. There might have been
men about Trim who made a greater figure than himself. It is
very likely. For, as I remember, strangers sometimes under-
valued him. Soon after he left college, I was sent to offer
him the place of tutor. I had not previously known him,
and my first impressions were not agreeable. I hesitated to
do my errand. After all it was rather performed than done,
more after a Roman than a Saxon fashion. But it turned out
better for his character and the public good, than for my own
discernment. So of another commission not only from the
Trustees, but the venerable Professor Adams, to assure him
that he would, after a while, be wanted to take the chair of
that noble old man, one of the princes of the earth. They
who knew him best had marked him, even when he took his
parchment, for that high position. How well he filled it, and
every other office he sustained, everybody who knows the
college knows.
" Professor Young was a consummate teacher. During his
college course he taught school every successive winter, as he
had done for years preceding, and earned nearly enough to pay
the expenses of his course, for he had high wages, and never
wasted them on his clothes or pleasures. That discipline
settled in his mind the elements of knowledge. The princi-
ples of all true knowledge were already laid ; first, when he
was born ; and, secondly, when he was born again. He had,
296 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
of course, tools to work with, and facility to use them for the
googl of others, enlarging all the while his own fabric till he
became the man of science that he was for his successive
trusts. He loved, as few men ever love, to teach, and as no
man can love who begins not early and makes not teaching
his profession. He went to his last recitation when he should
have been upon his bed, to find relief from the agonies he
suffered, and take off his mind from the greater that he feared.
He was never more at home, or more at ease, than with his
class. He loved to enrich them out of his own stores, and
thereby draw out and sharpen their independent faculties.
He was not disconcerted when he sometimes drew to little
purpose ; though sure, by set remonstrance, or by his peculiar,
quaint, dry and caustic humor, to rebuke indifference and
neglect, or expose the artifice of a bold, shrewd^ or sly pre-
tender. He was sure of what he knew, and never gave way
without a reason. I have sometimes thought him too sure
before he scanned a question. Yet he would never persist
when he saw no foothold. He was set but not dogmatic, or
no more so than a sincere man must be when he believes what
he teaches and is in earnest. He would never defend before
his class a theory because it was new, or because it was
learned, or because it was his own, or because it was popular,
or because he would otherwise be ruled out of the synagogue,
till he had made it sure by calculus, or probable by analogy.
When convinced that an hypothesis could not be verified in
the present state of knowledge, or never in logical consistency
with established facts, or moral certainties, he abandoned it
like an honest man. But where he had his ground he stood,
and would have it understood. Of course his teaching was
effectual. Those who would be made scholars he made sound
and good ones. He gave a strong character to his departments,
and his departments were an honor to the college.
44 Professor Young was a ripe scholar in general. He was
conversant with the accredited branches of knowledge, and
held an honorable place among learned men. He was modest
and retiring, content to know, and unconcerned about the ap-
pearance of it. He liked not to open his mouth in the gate,
but he had wisdom to deliver the city. Nothing crude, par-
DAETMOUTH COLLEGE. 297
tial, superficial, or one-sided, ever came from him. His judg-
ments were clear, comprehensive, and decisive. He was slow,
critical, and cautious in forming his opinions, and where he
settled there he stayed. No man could cajole or browbeat
him out of his convictions.
" When our professor lay dead before us, the thought arose
that, now, no longer plodding his way to yonder dome, with
steps restrained and painful from an unknown disease, no
longer weary with watching, through his telescope, the distant
orbs, nor with numbers and diagrams to find their measure,
he could survey, without a glass, infinitely greater wonders
from a higher sphere ; for he had profited by his earthly dis-
cipline : the heavens had declared to him the glory of God,
and the firmament had showed his handiwork. The day had
uttered to him speech, and the night had showed to him
knowledge. Next it occurred how natural religion had been
thus reproduced in his mind and illustrated by a higher Rev-
elation : 4 The law of the Lord is perfect, converting the
soul ; the testimonies of the Lord are sure, making wise the
simple; the statutes of the Lord are right, rejoicing the
heart ; the commandment of the Lord is pure, enlightening
the eyes.' '
298 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
CHAPTER XXV.
PROFESSOR STEPHEN CHASE. PROFESSOR DAVID PEABODT.
PROFESSOR WILLIAM COGSWELL.
PROFESSOR STEPHEN CHASE, who succeeded Professor
Young in the chair of Mathematics, the latter retaining the
department of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy, was the
son of Benjamin Pike and Mary (Chase) Chase, and was born
at Chester, N. H., August 30, 1813.
The following notice of this distinguished mathematician is
from a commemorative "Discourse" by President Lord:
" In the first class that entered the college, after my con-
nection with it, nearly twenty-three years ago, a young man,
spare, tall, as yet unformed in manner, soon engaged the at-
tention of his teachers. We marked his mild, serene, yet
quick and penetrating eye, his independent, unaffected, yet
modest and regulated movement, his lively, versatile, earnest,
and comprehensive mind, his cheerful and honest diligence,
his punctual attendance upon the exercises of the college, his
respectful, but unstudied and confiding deportment towards
his superiors, his frank and generous, but reserved inter-
course with his fellow students, his care in selecting his most
intimate associates, and his quiet, unpretending, yet exact
and intelligent performance of all the studies of the course.
An indifferent stranger would not have noticed him, except,
perhaps, to criticize his unique exterior ; and his fellow stu-
dents, as is natural to young persons who are most impressed
by aesthetical manner and accomplishment, did not dignify
him as a leader or an oracle. But a deeper insight convinced
his teachers that, whatever partial observers might think want-
ing in respect to artistic excellence, was well supplied by more
substantial and enduring qualities. Their eye followed him,
while here, as a sound-minded, true-hearted young man, and
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 299
a thorough scholar ; and, after he had graduated, as a teacher
at the South, and in two of the oldest academies of New Eng-
land. In these different relations he fully justified the good'
name which he had left behind him at the college, till, the
proper occasions serving, he was called back to be first a tutor,
and then professor of the Mathematics. The subsequent
course of Mr. Chase proved that his instructors had not mis-
calculated his powers, nor over-estimated his qualifications for
one of the most difficult and trying positions in a learned in-
stitution.
" Professor Chase performed the duties of his office without
interruption till the close of the last term, during a period
of about thirteen years ; and died, after a short illness, in va-
cation, while yet a young man. He was scarcely thirty-eight
years of age. Yet he was old, if we measure time, as schol-
ars should, not by the motion of the heavenly bodies, but the
succession of ideas. He had made great proficiency in knowl-
edge. Well he might ; for he had great susceptibilities. His
temperament was ardent, his instincts were lively, his percep-
tions keen, his thoughts rapid, his reasoning faculties sharp,
his imagination fiery, and his will determined. No man has
all his active powers proportioned ; for that would constitute
perfection, which exists not in this world any more in physi-
cal than in moral natures. But his balance was less disturbed
than most, and, consequently, he was capable of various and
large attainments. What he could he did, for his spirit was
earnest, and his industry untiring. He had become well
founded and extensively versed in most departments of lib-
eral study, and it would be difficult to say in what branch of
knowledge he would have been most competent to excel. He
was not a genius ; that is, no one power of the mind absorbed
the others, and his culture was not unequal. Therefore he
would not have glared for a while, like a meteor, and then ex-
ploded, but he would have stood one of the pillars of learn-
ing, and a true conservator of society.
" A man of excellent constitutional faculties, like Mr. Chase,
must use them, if Providence gives him opportunity. He has
a self-moving power. He cannot be still. Use of the facul-
ties increases their facility and productiveness ; and the in-
300 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
crease of products increases the love of acquisition. His
gains, and his consequent love of gain, will be according to
the Providential direction which he takes, whether to a trade,
an art, a profession, to the pursuit of wealth, or power, or
general knowledge. Mr. Chase's direction was to knowledge.
He acquired it easily, his stores rapidly increased, and the
love of it became a passion. He loved knowledge as some
men love 'pleasure, and others gold, for its own sake. Yet
not exclusively, for he was genial, warm-hearted, and hu-
mane. He appreciated the enjoyments of personal, domestic,
and social life. No man could be more affectionate, kind,
generous, or public-spirited. He was never a recluse or an
ascetic. He was ready to take anything in hand, and liked to
have his hands full. He desired an estate, he studied a pro-
fession, he amused himself with useful arts, he loved a farm,
a garden, an orchard, a fruitery, an apiary ; and occasionally,
to do the work proper to them all himself ; and he did it well.
But knowledge, science, in the largest sense, was his beau
ideal.
" Professor Chase, as might be expected, had great excel-
lence as a teacher and governor of college. His ideal of edu-
cation may be inferred from his personal culture. This had
always been general and liberal. He omitted no branch of
important knowledge. He accepted nothing partial. He be-
lieved in none of the romantic expedients which are often
hastily adopted, and successively abandoned, for making schol-
ars without materials, and forcing public institutions of learn-
ing, for a present popular effect, off from the methods which
nature has prescribed, and experience has sanctioned. He re-
garded a college as a place not so much of learning, as of
preparation for learning, a school of discipline, to bring the
student up to manhood with ability to perform thenceforth
the hard work of a man in his particular profession. To that
end no part of fundamental study could be spared. He would
as soon have judged that young men could be trained to ex-
cellence in the mechanic arts, while they disused any impor-
tant organ of the body ; or a sculptor elaborate a perfect
model by chiseling only the limbs. He would not expect
such a mechanic, or artist, or educators of the same school, to
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 301
find either honorable or lucrative employment, when society,
though temporarily blinded by ingenious but visionary proj-
ects of improvement, should learn the practical difference be-
tween the whole of anything and its parts. He would not
have consented that any other department of college study
should be sacrificed even to the Mathematics.
" But he would have the Mathematics lie, physically, where
God has placed it, at the foundation. He would have the
student early settled and accustomed to the most approved
methods and varieties of demonstrative science. He would
discipline the mind among the certainties of numbers, that
it might better search for truth among the probabilities of
things ; just as we learn to swim where we can touch bottom
before it is safe to plunge into the deep. He judged soundly
that one must learn to use his reason before he can wisely ap-
ply it to the purposes of life ; and that without this prelim-
inary training nothing else can be learned well ; and that
whatever otherwise seem to be accomplishments, turn out, at
length, to be fantasies that vanish in the turmoil and struggle
of life, or mislead men into a false and fickle management of
affairs. Wherefore he felt the peculiar responsibility of his
position with all the intenseness of his earnest and far-reach-
ing mind. He knew that his department, though most diffi-
cult to be commended to young men in general, was most
indispensable to their success, and he sought accordingly to
magnify his office. That he was a complete master of it is
out of question. Of this he has left enduring monuments ;
and not the least, I am happy to say, in minds which he had
trained.
" His own perception of relations was like intuition, and
hence he was sometimes uneasy at the embarrassments of
students, even when involuntary, and much more, when the
result of indifference or neglect, even though they might at
times be increased by the rapidity of his own illustrations.
I should have dreaded to be taken by Professor Chase to
the blackboard, unless I had a good lesson, or a good con-
science; and I could not have been sure that the latter
would avail me without the former. But though I should
have shrunk from the criticism, I should have respected the
302 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
man. If I feared him in the lecture-room, I should honor
him in his study ; for there his warm heart would open to the
story of my mental trials, and he would lead me, and help
me to bear my burdens, with the kindness of an elder brother.
He was exacting, but he was humane ; he was impatient, but
full of generous sympathies. These qualities might not al-
ways be tempered in the hurry of an occasiop, but found their
balance in the leisure and quiet intercourse of retirement. He
was just and faithful. He had strong likes, but he would
yield a favorite when he must ; and strong dislikes, but he
was incapable of hate. He stopped short of all extremes.
You could move him easily either way on the current of the
sympathies ; but you could not tempt him to do wrong. As
with the judgment, so with the sensibilities ; they were led
by conscience. As with the love of knowledge, so with the
passions ; they were subject to the love of truth. Whatever
the occasional excitement of the intellect or the feelings, there
was that in his mind which made it impossible for him to be
an enemy of God or man. The soul had been harmonized by
grace.
" Mr. Chase had a pious ancestry, and was brought up by
Christian parents in the fear of God. An excellent mother,
an invalid in his childhood, sat much in her arm-chair with
the Bible on her knee. She used it with her little boy as she
would a primer. Before he was four years old he had learned
to read it, and read through the New Testament ; and that
particular volume now remains the best part of his estate.
He was ever afterwards a diligent student of the Bible, and
never ceased to honor the father and mother who had led him
in this way of life. Filial reverence was one of his most beau-
tiful and characteristic traits. It was a natural step to the
fear of God ; and the early fear of God is likely to be suc-
ceeded, according to the covenant, by that love of God which,
when perfected, casteth out fear. During his third year at
college he became, as he hoped, regenerate, and professed his
faith in Christ. It is said that his religious awakening at that
time was unusually deep ; his awe of the Divine government
and his sense of sin profound ; his acknowledgment of God's
justice and general sovereignty unreserved ; and his trust in
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 303
Christ for justification free and unqualified. That sheet-an-
chor saved him. It brought him up, subsequently, in the
hour of danger. When the fitful and rough winds of the
spirit of the power of the air beat upon him, and the swelling
waters went over his soul, it dragged, but it held. It was cast
within the veil. That New Testament in his childhood, that
subjection to his parents, that conversion at college, they
were blessings to him and to us that can be measured only
by eternity.
" It was a sorrowful day when, in the solitude and stillness
of the winter vacation, we laid him in the tomb. It was sor-
rowful in that house where he had been the joy and hope of
loving and trusting hearts, and had found rest from the cares
and vexations of official life ; where a sincere, unworldly, un-
artificial hospitality always reigned ; whence tokens of kind-
ness went freely round to friends, and compassionate charity
to the poor. It was sorrowful to his colleagues, for we trusted
him, his knowledge and judgment, his integrity and zeal,
his faithfulness and efficiency, his independence and courage.
We knew that he was above pretense, artifice, and duplicity ;
that in his keeping, righteous principle was safe, and over his
application of it wisdom, benevolence, and firmness would
preside. It was sorrowful to the village, for he was known
to be a just man, a kind neighbor, and a good citizen. He
was always ready to do what he could for the common
welfare, and to bear his proportion of the common burdens.
Every man in the community felt that he had lost a friend."
The scientific world could have no better demonstration of
Professor Chase's rare mathematical talents than his text book
on Algebra, which is still used in one department of the col-
lege.
Professor Chase married Sarah Thompson, daughter of
Ichabod Goodwin, and granddaughter of General Ichabod
Goodwin, of South Berwick, Me. He died at Hanover, Jan-
uary 7, 1851.
In " Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit," we find the
following notice furnished by the kindness of Rev. Daniel
L. Furbur, D. D. of a gentleman of great worth, whose
early death was a serious loss to the college :
304 DAETMOUTH COLLEGE.
" DAVID PEABODY, the youngest son of John and Lydia
(Balch) Peabody, was born at Topsfield, Mass., April 16,
1805. He was employed more or less upon his father's farm
till he was fifteen or sixteen years of age ; but as his physical
constitution was thought to be not well suited to agricultural
life, and as his early tastes were more than ordinarily intel-
lectual, and he had a strong desire for a collegiate education,
his father consented to gratify him ; and, in the spring of
1821, he commenced the study of Latin at Dummer Acad-
emy, Byfield. .The same year his thoughts were earnestly
directed to the great subject of his own salvation, though he
did not feel so much confidence in the genuineness of his re-
ligious exercises as to make a public profession of his faith
until three years afterwards. In 1824, he united with the
Congregational Church in his native place, and in the autumn
of the same year joined the Freshman class in Dartmouth
College.
" By severe labor during his collegiate course, he overtasked
his naturally feeble constitution, and thus prepared the way
for much future debility and suffering. He was graduated in
1828, on which occasion he delivered the valedictory oration.
" After spending a few weeks in recruiting his health at
his father's, he became, for a short time, assistant editor of
the 'New Hampshire Observer,' at Portsmouth, but before
the close of 1828 he entered the Theological Seminary at
Andover. In the spring of 1829, he accepted an invitation
to take charge of a Young Ladies' Select School at Ports-
mouth ; but in the autumn of 1830 his declining health
obliged him to relinquish it, and to seek a Southern residence.
He went to Prince Edward County, Virginia, and secured a
situation as teacher in an excellent family, that of Dr. Mor-
ton, and at the same time entered the Union Theological
Seminary, of which the Rev. Dr. John H. Rice was the
founder and principal professor. He remained in the family
of Dr. Morton till he had completed the prescribed course of
study, and was licensed to preach by the West Hanover Pres-
bytery in April, 1831 ; after which he supplied the church
at Scottsville for six months. So acceptable were his services,
that the congregation would gladly have retained him as their
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 305
pastor ; but, as he preferred a Northern residence, he declined
all overtures for a settlement, and returned to New England,
with his health much improved, in 1832. In November of
the same year he was ordained pastor of the First Church in
Lynn, Mass. In September, 1834, he was married to Maria,
daughter of Lincoln Brigham, then of Cambridge, but for-
merly of Southborough, Mass. In January, 1835, he was at-
tacked with a severe hemorrhage, which greatly reduced his
strength, and obliged him for a season to intermit his labors.
Finding the climate unfavorable, he reluctantly came to the
determination to resign his pastoral charge, with a view of
seeking an inland home, when his health should be sufficiently
recruited to justify him in resuming the stated duties of the
ministry.
u Accordingly, in the spring of 1835, he was dismissed,
after which he spent some time in traveling for the benefit
of his health, at the same time acting as an agent for the
Massachusetts Sabbath-school Society. His health now rap-
idly improved, and on the 15th of July succeeding his dismis-
sion, he was installed as pastor of the Calvinist Church in
Worcester.
" The change of climate seemed, for a time, highly bene-
ficial, and had begun to induce the hope that his health might
become fully established ; but, in the winter of 1835-36, he
was prostrated by another attack of hemorrhage, which again
clouded, his prospects of ministerial usefulness. In the spring
of 1836, his health had so far improved that he resumed his
ministerial labors and continued them through the summer ;
but in September, his symptoms again became more unfavor-
able, and he determined, in accordance with medical advice,
to try the effect of a sea voyage and a winter in the South.
Accordingly, he sailed in November for New Orleans ; and,
on arriving there, decided on going to St. Francisville, a
village on the Mississippi. Here he remained during the
winter, preaching to both the white and colored population,
as his strength would allow. In the spring, he returned to
his pastoral charge, with his health considerably invigorated.
He labored pretty constantly, though not without much debil-
ity, until the succeeding spring (1838), when he found it
306 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
necessary again to desist from his labors, and take a season of
rest. In company with a friend, he journeyed through a part
of Vermont and New Hampshire, and on reaching Hanover,
the day after Commencement, was surprised to learn that he
had been appointed professor of Rhetoric in Dartmouth Col-
lege. Conscious of his inability to meet any longer the claims
of a pastoral charge, and hoping that his health might be ad-
equate to the lighter duties of a professorship, he could not
doubt that the indications of Providence were in favor of his
accepting the appointment. He did accept it, and shortly
after resigned his charge at Worcester, amidst many expres-
sions of affection and regret on the part of his people, and, in
October following, entered on the duties of his professorship.
" The change of labor proved highly beneficial, and during
the winter of 1838-39, he enjoyed a degree of health which
he had not known for many previous years. In March, he
was so much encouraged in respect to himself that he re-
marked to a friend that he thought God would indulge the
cherished wish of his heart, and permit him again to labor as
a minister. But another cloud quickly appeared in his hori-
zon, which proved ominous of the destruction of all his earthly
hopes. In April following, he suffered from an attack of
pleurisy, which was followed by lung fever ; and, though he
so far recovered as to be able to attend to his college duties
till 'the September following, it became manifest to all that
his disease was, on the whole, advancing towards a fatal ter-
mination. He died at the age of thirty-four years and six
months, on the 17th of October, 1839. His last days were
rendered eminently tranquil by the blessed hopes and conso-
lations of the gospel. His funeral sermon was preached by
the Rev. Dr. Lord, President of Dartmouth College, and was
published. He left no children.
" Mr. Peabody's published works are a brief ' Memoir of
Horace Bassett Morse,' 1830 ; a Discourse on 4 The Conduct
of Men Considered in Contrast with the Law of God,' 1836 ;
a ' Sermon on the Sin of Covetousness, Considered in Re-
spect to Intemperance, Indian Oppression, Slavery,' etc.,
1838 ; the 4 Patriarch of Hebron, or the History of Abraham '
(posthumous), 1841."
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 307
FROM THE REV. SAMUEL G. BROWN, D. D.
"DARTMOUTH COLLEGE, July 25, 1856.
" MY DEAR SIR : It gives me great pleasure to send you
my impressions of Professor Peabody, though others could
write with more authority. I knew him in college, where he
was my senior. He belonged to a class of great excellence,
and was honorably distinguished throughout his college course
for general scholarship, diligence, fidelity, and great weight
of personal influence, in favor of all things 4 excellent and of
good report.' His character was mature and his mind al-
ready well disciplined when he entered the class, and educa-
tion had perhaps less to accomplish for him in the matter of
elegant culture than for almost any one of his associates.
Hence there was not the same conspicuous progress in him as
in some others. Yet at the time of graduation he stood
among the first, as is indicated by the fact that he was the-
orator of one of the literary societies, and was- selected by
the Faculty to deliver the valedictory oration at Commence-
ment. In every department of study he was a good scholar,,
in the classical, moral, and rhetorical departments, preemi-
nent. As a preacher, he was distinguished for a certain full-
ness and harmony of style, justness in the exposition of doc-
trine, and weight of exhortation. He was prudent without
being timid, and zealous without being rash ; eminently prac-
tical, though possessing a love of ideal beauty, and a cultivated
and sensitive taste, and as far removed from formalism on the
one side as from fanaticism on the other. Dignified and cour-
teous in manner, he was highly respected by all his acquaint-
ances, and while a pastor, greatly esteemed and beloved by
his people. His fine natural qualities were marred by few
blemishes, and his religious character was steadily and con-
stantly developed year by year. Grave, sincere, earnest, he
went about his labors as one mindful of his responsibility, and
as seen under his ' great Task-master's eye.' Indeed his anx-
ieties outran his strength, and he was obliged to leave undone
much that was dearest to his hopes. The disease to which he
finally yielded had more than once ' weakened his strength in
the way,' before he was finally prostrated by it. The conse-
308 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
quent uncertainty of life had perhaps imparted to him more
than usual seriousness, and a deep solicitude to work while
the day lasted. He performed the duties of a professor in
college but a single 3 r ear, and that with some interruptions.
No better account of the general impression of his life on those
who knew him best can be given than in the language of a
sermon preached at his funeral by the Rev. Dr. Lord.
" 4 What his private papers show him to have felt in the
presence of his God was made evident, also, in his social and
official intercourse. Intelligent, grave, dignified ; conscien-
tious in all his relations, from the student upwards to the
teacher, the pastor, the professor ; nothing empty as a scholar,
nothing unsettled or inconsistent as a divine, nothing vague
or groundless as an instructor; sincere, generous, honorable,
devout ; keenly sensitive in respect to the proprieties and
charities of life ; warm in his affections, strong in his attach-
ments, stern in his integrity; above the arts of policy, the
jealousies of competition, the subserviency of party spirit, and
simply intent upon serving God, in his own house, and in all
his official ministrations, he was one of the few who are quali-
fied to be models for the young, ornaments to general society,
and pillars in the church of God.'
" Hoping, dear sir, that this hasty and imperfect sketch
may be of some trifling service in commemorating a good man,
who deserves something much better,
"I am very truly your obedient friend and servant,
" S. G. BROWN."
FROM THE REV. JOHN NELSON, D. D.
" LEICESTER, July 23, 1856.
" MY DEAR SIR: My personal acquaintance with the Rev.
Mr. Peabody was limited to the period during which he was
the pastor of the Central Church, in Worcester. While he
held that office, I had, I may say, an intimate, certainly
a most happy, acquaintance with him. I often saw him in
his own house, and often received him as a welcome guest in
mine. I often met him in the association to which we both
belonged and in ecclesiastical councils.
" I remember him as having a rather tall and commanding
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 309
figure, and a benign countenance, beaming with intelligence,
especially when engaged in conversation. This appearance,
however, was modified by constant ill health. No one could
be with him without receiving the impression that he was a
scholar, as well as a deep and accurate thinker.
" The few sermons which I heard him read, or deliver from
the pulpit, were of a high order, distinguished for both accu-
racy of style and power of thought. They were clear, me-
thodical, and highly eloquent. It was my own impression,
and I know it was the impression of some of his most distin-
guished hearers, that he was among the best preachers of his
time. In ecclesiastical councils he was shrewd, discerning,
and wise. As a friend, he was always reliable. His moral
character was not only high, but well balanced, and marred
by no inconsistencies.
" It is presumed that no one will dissent from the state-
ment that, during the few years he was in Worcester, by his
intelligence, his manly virtues, his kindness of heart, his
active labors for the advancement of Christ's kingdom, and
his ability as well as faithfulness as a preacher, he greatly
commended himself, not only to the people of his immediate
charge, but to the whole community in which he labored.
" Affectionately yours,
"JOHN NELSON."
We are indebted to " Sprague's Annals of the American
Pulpit" for yet another notice furnished by the kindness
of Rev. Daniel Lancaster of a gentleman widely known to
the friends of education and religion.
" WILLIAM COGSWELL, the son of Dr. William and Judith
(Badger) Cogswell, was born in Atkinson, N. H., June 5,
1787. He was a descendant from John Cogswell, of West-
bury, Wiltshire, England, who, with his family, sailed from
Bristol in a vessel called the 4 Angel Gabriel,' June 4, 1635,
and was wrecked at Pemaquid (now Bristol), Maine. He set-
tled at Chebacco, now Essex, then a part of Ipswich, Mass.,
where he died November 29, 1669, about fifty-eight years old.
His father was distinguished as a physician and a magistrate,
and held the office of hospital surgeon in the army during the
310 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
war that gave us our Independence. His mother was a
daughter of the Hon. Joseph Badger, of Gilmanton, a gentle-
man of great respectability and for a long time in public life.
" Under the influence of good parental instruction, his mind
was early formed to a deep sense of the importance of relig-
ion ; but it was not till he was fitting for college at Atkinson,
that he received those particular religious impressions which
he considered as marking the commencement of his Christian
life. He did not make a public profession of religion until
the close of his Junior year, September, 1810 ; at that time
he, with both his parents, and all his brothers and sisters,
nine in number, received baptism, and were admitted to the
church on the same day, in his native place, by the Rev.
Stephen Peabody.
" He became a member of Dartmouth College in 1807.
Having maintained a highly respectable standing in a class
that has since numbered an unusual proportion of distin-
guished men, he graduated in 1811. For two years after
leaving college, he was occupied in teaching in the Atkinson
and Hampton Academies. But, during this time, having
resolved to 'enter the ministry, he commenced the study of
Theology under the direction of the Rev. Mr. Webster of
Hampton, and subsequently continued it under Dr. Dana of
Newburyport, and Dr. Worcester of Salem, chiefly the lat-
ter. Having received license to preach from the Piscataqua
Association, September 29, 1813, he performed a tour of mis-
sionary service in New Hampshire, and at the close of Decem-
ber, 1813, returned to Massachusetts, and accepted an invi-
tation to preach as a candidate for settlement, in the south
parish in Dedham. After laboring there a few weeks, he re-
ceived a unanimous call, which, in due time, he accepted,
and on the 20th of April, 1815, he was duly set apart to the
pastoral office. Here he continued laboriously and usefully
employed about fourteen years, during which time the church
under his care was doubled in numbers, and enjoyed a high
degree of spiritual prosperity.
kt In June, 1829, he was appointed general agent of the
American Education Society, and he accordingly resigned
his pastoral charge with a view to an acceptance of the place.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 311
He entered upon the duties of his new office in August fol-
lowing, and so acceptable were his services, and so well
adapted was he found to be to such a field of labor, that in
January, 1832, he was elected secretary and director of the
Society. His duties now became exceedingly arduous, and his
situation one of vast responsibility. In addition to all the
other labors incident to his situation, he had an important
agency in conducting the ' Quarterly Journal and Register of
the American Education Society,' a work that required
great research, and that has preserved much for the benefit of
posterity which would otherwise have been irrecoverably lost.
" In 1833, he was honored with the degree of Doctor of
Divinity, by Williams College.
"It became manifest, after a few years, that Dr. Cogswell's
physical constitution was gradually yielding to the immense
pressure to which it was subjected. He accordingly signified
to the Board of Directors of the Education Society his inten-
tion to resign his office as secretary, as soon as a successor
could be found. He was induced, however, by their urgent
solicitation, to withhold his resignation for a short time;
though in April, 1841, his purpose was carried out, and his
resignation accepted. The Board with which he had been
connected, rendered, on his taking leave of them, the most
honorable testimony to the ability and fidelity with which he
had discharged the duties of his office.
" On the same month that he determined on resigning his
place in the Education Society, he was appointed by the Trus-
tees of Dartmouth College, professor of History and National
Education. Here again his labors were very oppressive, as
he was obliged not only to prepare a course of lectures on a
subject comparatively new, but to perform much other ser-
vice, especially in the way of collecting funds to endow his
professorship. He was chiefly instrumental, at this time, in
establishing the Northern Academy of Arts and Sciences, and
of gathering for it a library of about two thousand volumes.
" But while he was thus actively and usefully engaged, he
was invited to the presidency of the Theological Seminary at
Gilmanton, in connection also with the professorship of The-
ology, and a general agency in collecting funds. There were
312 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
many circumstances that led him to think favorably of the
proposal, and finally to accept it. He accordingly removed
his family to Gilmanton, in January, 1844.
" His expectations in this last field of labor seem scarcely
to have been realized. The removal of one of the professors
to another institution, devolved upon him an amount of labor
which he had not anticipated, and he found it impossible to
attend to the business of instruction, and at the same time to
be abroad among the churches soliciting pecuniary aid. At
length, finding that the public mind was greatly divided as
to the expediency of making any further efforts to sustain the
institution, he recommended that its operations should, for
the time being, be suspended ; though he considered it as only
a suspension, and confidently believed that it had yet an im-
portant work to perform. He held himself ready after this
to give private instruction in Theology, whenever it was
desired.
" In 1848, Dr. Cogswell suffered a severe domestic affliction
in the death of his only son, a young man of rare promise,
at the age of twenty. This seemed to give a shock to his
constitution from which he never afterwards fully recovered.
He acted as a stated supply to the First Church in Gilmanton
until the early part of January, 1850, when he was suddenly
overtaken with a disease of the heart that eventually termi-
nated his life. He preached on the succeeding Sabbath (Jan-
uary 13), but it was for the last time. He performed some
literary labor after this, and read the concluding proof sheet
of a work that he was carrying through the press for the
New Hampshire Historical Society. When he found that
death was approaching, though at first he seemed to wish to
live, that he might carry out some of his plans of usefulness,
not yet accomplished, he soon became perfectly reconciled to
the prospect of his departure. He died in serene triumph,
connecting all his hopes of salvation with the truths he had
preached, April 18, 1850. His funeral sermon was preached
by the Rev. Daniel Lancaster of Gilmanton, and was pub-
lished.
" Dr. Cogswell was a member of the Massachusetts His-
torical Society, of the American Antiquarian Society, and of
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 313
the New England Historic and Genealogical Society. He
was also an Honorary Member of the Historical Societies of
New .Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Georgia, and a Corresponding
Member of the National Institution for the Promotion of Sci-
ence at Washington.
" The following is a list of Dr. Cogswell's publications '
' A Sermon on the Nature and Extent of the Atonement,'
1816. ' A Sermon containing the History of the South
Parish, Dedham,' 1816. 4 A Sermon on the Suppression of
Intemperance,' 1818. 'A Catechism on the Doctrines and
Duties of Religion,' 1818. 'A Sermon on the Nature and
Evidences of the Inspiration of the Sacred Scriptures,' 1819.
4 A Sermon before the Auxiliary Education Society of Norfolk
County,' 1826. ' Assistant to Family Religion,' 1826. * A
Sermon on Religious Liberty,' 1828. * A Valedictory Dis-
course to the South Parish, Dedham,' 1829. ' Theological
Class Book,' 1831. ' Harbinger of the Millennium,' 1833.
* Letters to Young Men Preparing for the Ministry,' 1837.
In addition to the above, Dr. Cogswell wrote the ' Reports of
the American Education Society ' for eight years from 1833
to 1840 ; and two ' Reports of the Northern Academy.' He
was the principal editor of the * American Quarterly Regis-
ter ' for several years ; was editor also of the ; New Hamp-
shire Repository,' published at Gilmanton, N. H. ; of the first
volume of the ' New England Historical and Genealogical
Register ; ' of a paper in Georgetown, Mass., called the 'Mas-
sachusetts Observer,' for a short time ; and of the sixth vol-
ume of the ; New Hampshire Historical Collections.'
" Dr. Cogswell was married on the llth of November,
1818, to Joanna, daughter of the Rev. Jonathan Strong, D.
D., of Randolph, Mass. They had three children, one son
and two daughters.
FROM THE KEV. SAMUEL G. BROWN, D. D.,
PROFESSOR IN DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
"HANOVER, April 10, 1856.
" MY DEAR SIR : I had the pleasure of considerable ac-
quaintance with the Rev. Dr. Cogswell, though only during
314 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
the later years of his life. He was not then accustomed to
preach, except occasionally to supply a vacant pulpit, or as a
part of his duty as secretary of the Education Society, or in
connection with his professorship in Dartmouth College, or
the Theological Seminary at Gilmanton. He had formed his
style on the model of the older preachers and theologians, and
if he had something of their formality, he had much of their
Scriptural simplicity of statement and devoutness of feeling.
His sermons, so far as I remember them, though showing a
careful adherence to the doctrinal opinions of the fathers of
New England, were not of a polemic character, but were
marked by good sense, earnestness, a Biblical mode of address,
and warm Christian sympathies.
"From natural kindness of heart, he avoided unnecessary
controversy, and was especially solicitous to harmonize and
unite by charity, rather than by actiteness to discriminate dif-
ferences among brethren, or to separate them by severity of
judgment. Not ambitious, he was yet gratified by the appro-
bation and good opinion of others, and loved a position where
he might be prominent in labors of charity. Neglect or con-
tumely wounded but did not embitter him. No feeling of
ill-nature was suffered to disturb his peace or check his liber-
ality.
" Among the prominent traits of his character was a sin-
cere and unwearied benevolence. He was interested in young
men, and his labors as secretary of the American Education
Society were stimulated even more by love of the work than
by a sense of official responsibility. He was thoroughly de-
voted to the objects which interested him, and though one
might differ from him in judgment with respect to measures,
none doubted his sincerity or refused him the praise of un-
sparing fidelity.
" His tastes led him to antiquarian pursuits, and he was
prominent in founding and conducting several learned socie-
ties which have done much to rescue valuable knowledge from
oblivion, and thus to secure the materials for future history.
" He bore adversity with meekness and patience. What
might have crushed a harder spirit, but gave his greater sym-
metry. The latter years of his life, though darkened with
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 315
many disappointments, were illustrated by the exhibition of
admirable and noble traits of character, such as few, except
his most intimate friends, supposed him so fully to possess.
The death of an only and very promising son while in college,
and the failure of some favorite plans, seemed only to develop
a touching and beautiful Christian resignation and a high
magnanimity. Not a murmur was heard from his lips under
his irreparable loss, nor an unkind or reproachful word at the
disappointment of his expectations ; nor did an unsubmissive
or harsh thought seem to find a place in his heart. Those
especially who witnessed his last sickness were deeply im-
.pressed with the Christian virtues and graces which found a
free expression in the hour of trial.
" Dr. Cogswell was portly in appearance, grave and digni-
fied in his bearing, and eminently courteous in manner. He
will be remembered with kindness by all who knew him, and
by many with a feeling of strong gratitude and affection.
" With great regard, your obliged friend and servant,
" S. G. BROWN."
CHAPTER XXVI.
PROF. JOHN NEWTON PUTNAM. PROF. JOHN S. WOODMAN.
PROF. CLEMENT LONG. OTHER TEACHERS.
THE following notice of the eminent scholar who succeeded
Professor Crosby in the chair of Greek, is from a Commemo-
rative " Discourse " by Professor Brown.
JOHN NEWTON PUTNAM was the son of Simeon and Abi-
gail Brigham (Fay) Putnam, and was born December 26,
1822, in what was then the north parish of the beautiful
town of Andover, Massachusetts. His father, a graduate of
Harvard in the Class of 1811, was for many years- teacher
of a classical school of high character in North Andover, in
which the son received his elementary training and discipline.
His mother was a lady of exquisite refinement. and beauty of
character, of great gentleness and tender grace. Soon after
the death of his father, in 1833, he entered Phillips Academy
in Andover, then under the charge of that excellent scholar,
Mr. Osgood Johnson, where he successfully completed the
usual course of study preparatory to entering college.
Being still quite young, and already showing uncommon
aptitude for study, he went with his instructor and friend,
Rev. Thatcher Thayer, to the town of Dennis, upon Cape
Cod, where he spent four years in quiet and delightful appli-
cation.
Dr. Thayer says of his classical studies :
" He recited each day, in review, the whole of the past les-
son from memory, without book, first the Latin or Greek and
then the English. At each lesson questions were asked which,
if he could not answer, he was required to answer at the next
recitation, from various helps furnished him. This often led
to long and varied investigations. He wrote as much as he
read, perhaps more.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 317
"If those studying with him might smile a little at his
want of athletic zeal and vigor, there was no room for smiling
when it came to Greek, or indeed any mental exercise. Be-
sides, his wit, though gentle, could gleam, and then they all
respected him for his character, and loved him for his win-
ning spirit."
In the autumn of 1840, he entered the Sophomore class of
this college, ready to make full use of the ample opportuni-
ties granted him. With what modesty and beauty he bore
himself here, with what fidelity in every relation, with what
admirable scholarship, with what generous aims, with what
simplicity and purity of motive, with what love of learning,
and desire not merely of meeting the claims of the recitation-
room, but of perfecting himself in every branch of liberal cul-
ture, how constantly this noble desire possessed him from his
first day among us down to the closing hour when he dis-
coursed so fitly and with such maturity on " Poetry an
instinctive philosophy," those know best who were most fa-
miliar with his college life. One testimony to this is so full
and generous, and of such weighty authority, that I cannot
forbear to give it. It is from the accomplished scholar who
filled the chair of Greek for many years before Professor
Putnam. 1
" I could not hope," he says, " to express, by any words at
my command, the peculiar charm which Professor Putnam's
scholarship and character had for me. I never heard him
recite without being impressed with the wonderful perfection
of his scholarship. His translation was so faultlessly accurate,
and yet in such exquisite taste, his analysis and parsing were
so philosophical and minutely exact, and his information upon
illustrative points of history, biography, antiquities, and lit-
erature, was so full and ready, that I listened with admira-
tion, and to become myself a learner. How often I had the
feeling that we ought to change places ! and when I had de-
cided to resign my situation in the college, my mind imme-
diately turned to him as a successor, assured that the college
would be most fortunate if it could secure his services." It
need not be said how fully Professor Putnam reciprocated
1 Professor Alpheus Crosby.
318 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
this esteem, nor what value he attached to the exact and
thorough discipline of his instructor.
Nor was it in the department of languages alone that he
was distinguished, but almost equally in every other, as much
in those studies which demand the independent and original
action of the mind as those which mainly require close atten-
tion, and the faculty of acquisition. His modesty was then,
as always, so marked, and his ideal of excellence so high, that
it required some sense of duty to bring his powers to a public
test. He never thrust himself into a place of responsibility,
or sought distinction for distinction's sake.
He had in college the desire and purpose which he always
retained, to complete himself in every art and every manly
exercise. Hence his study of music, not only as a recreation,
but as a discipline ; not merely to gratify the ear, though ex-
quisitely fond of the art, and receiving from it a refined and
exalted pleasure, but also that he might become acquainted
with the thoughts and conceptions of men great in musical
genius. The Handel Society, which, from the constant
changes of its members, must necessarily fluctuate, the an-
nual losses not always being met by corresponding gains, -
was then in a high state of efficiency. For the sake of study
and musical acquisition, it boldly grappled with the difficult
works of eminent masters, and with whatever necessary im-
perfectness of actual performance, it was with sure and last-
ing results of musical ability and taste and knowledge. It
was in this society, I suppose, that Professor Putnam first be-
came practically acquainted with some of the great works of
Handel and Haydn, Beethoven and Mozart, and with the
lighter but yet substantial excellencies of some of the English
masters. Here he cultivated and disciplined his nice ear to
the instinctive perception of the hidden harmonies of poetry,
to the feeling of those finer beauties which hardly admit of
expression in anything so clumsy as our actual speech.
The desire for physical accomplishment led him to join a
military company then existing in college, although he had
no love for such things, but rather a native repugnance to
them, and there was then no special demand for the disci-
pline.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 319
The six years following his graduation were divided be-
tween instruction in Leicester, Massachusetts, and Newport,
Rhode Island, and pursuing his professional studies in the
Theological Seminary at Andover. During this time he re-
viewed and consolidated his knowledge. He brought himself
into nearer contact with practical and common life. He en-
larged his sphere of observation and the circle of his studies,
and was looking forward with great satisfaction to the actual
performance of the duties of his profession, when he was in-
vited to the chair of Greek in this college. It was a posi-
tion entirely suited to his tastes, his capacities, his studies.
He brought to it not only ample learning and tastes delicate
and cultivated, but the enlarged and generous spirit of a true
scholar, and the aptness of an accomplished instructor. His
ideal of attainment and of duty was very high, and he aimed
at once to fit himself, by the most generous courses of study,
to illustrate the more perfectly to his classes the poetry, the
eloquence, the philosophy, of the wisest and most refined peo-
ple of the whole ancient world.
It was with no narrow or exclusive spirit, nor with a
merely technical purpose, that Professor Putnam pursued his
studies, or directed those of others. Every true book was a
nucleus around which all thought and knowledge of similar
kind were grouped, a central point from which his mind
radiated in all directions within the sphere of the subject.
Could he read Plato and Aristotle without studying the
course of ancient philosophy and its influence on the modern ?
or Demosthenes, without an investigation of the virtues and
failings of Athenian statesmen ? or Thucydides, without med-
itation on the causes of the desolation of empires and states ?
or Homer and Sophocles, without a quick comparison with
Dante and Milton and Shakespeare ? It was indeed a char-
acteristic of Professor Putnam, and one cause why his knowl-
edge was becoming, had indeed become, at once so ample and
so serviceable, that it was not an accumulation of facts discon-
nected or bound together by mere accidental associations, but
an organic growth, every fibre of the most distant branch trac-
ing itself back to the one trunk, and the sap from the living
root feeding and nourishing the whole.
320 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
In his special profession, Professor Putnam would be al-
lowed to hold rank among the very best. The most kind
and winning of teachers, he was the most exacting and stim-
ulating. By questions sharp, pertinent, and various, thor-
oughly testing the knowledge of the student, he at once
made him feel his deficiencies, and inspired him to supply
them. Even the dull and careless felt the singular fascination
of his look and tone, caught something of the life of his spirit,
and were gradually lifted above themselves. Gentle, affa-
ble, ready to communicate, dignified, thorough, patient, and
learned, never harsh, never repulsive, he was earnest to meet
every want of the student. His whole course was marked by
unwearied fidelity.
To instruct was an occupation and a duty, to which he
made everything else yield. He was thoroughly desirous to
help those who came under his care, so revealing to them
their own deficiencies, and so placing before them the meth-
ods and results of a better scholarship, as to incite them to
new exertions, and aid them to independent and vigorous
activity. No one, unless very groveling and earthy, could be
long under his training, without insensibly catching some-
thing of the finer spirit of a beautiful discipline. His own
philosophic thought imparted its movement to their minds,
and many are they who have gone from these halls, within
the last fourteen years, who can trace back to him some of
their best methods of study.
Language was, in his view, no dead product, but the finer
breath and effluence of the national life, as subtle, as many
sided in its aspects, as the national spirit itself, into the
knowledge of which one must grow by slow degrees, bending
his pliant mind till it gradually yields to the new channels of
thought and expression.
"An unfaithful scholar," says one of his pupils, " was
gently yet unmistakably reminded of his delinquency, per-
haps by assistance being omitted upon a point which he
might easily have ascertained for himself. One whom he
saw struggling to learn he invariably helped, and this help
was given so kindly that many a one would try to make a
good recitation if only to gratify one so much beloved. The
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 321
best scholars were quickened by his most delicately expressed
appreciation of their victories, and even sluggish souls felt an
unwonted light and warmth stirring in them when they came
into his presence. I remember well our last recitation in
Greek. It was from Plato. He started with an idea of the
noble philosopher, Christianized it, and gave it to us in a few
simple, sublime words, with an attitude and look that melted
the hearts of all.
" It has sometimes occurred to me that he could not seem
constantly to others as he did to me, like one who had dropped
from a higher sphere, to remain a little while in order to
draw the hearts that should love him to a purer, higher, and
better life. But conversation with others has shown me
that it has long been a general impression that he moved in a
realm above the common level of even the best men."
There was still another aspect in which Professor Putnam
presented himself, which should not be passed over without at
least an allusion. Having completed his professional studies,
his own tastes and higher aims, no less than the wishes of his
friends, induced him occasionally to exercise the functions
of the Christian ministry. Hence he sought and received
ordination according to the usages of the Congregational
churches, and in that relation stood in his lot. With what
earnestness and pureness of motive, with what loftiness of
purpose and fidelity in his high calling, and acceptance to
those who heard him, I need not try to express. But I may
say that it was not for want of solicitation that he did not
exchange his professorship for places of considerable public
importance in the other calling. It was his duty, a belief of
his fitness for his post, that kept him from some inviting fields
of labor elsewhere.
Having referred in fitting terms to his call to the Andover
Theological Seminary, to the closing scenes in his life, and to
his death at sea, Professor Brown says in conclusion :
" Few lives were more perfect than his, whose youth gave
so fair a promise, whose riper years so fully redeemed the
pledge. His presence shall still go with us all, to excite us to
new fidelity, to enkindle within us nobler affections, to inspire
us with holier purposes."
21
322 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
His classmate Rev. Dr. Furber says :
" The ripe and rare scholarship of my beloved classmate
and friend, John Newton Putnam, was the fruit of diligence
and the love of study in one whose acquisitions were easily
and rapidly made. Mr. Putnam never seemed to be a hard
worker, but knowledge was continually flowing to him as by
a process of absorption from his early childhood until he be-
came the accomplished and brilliant scholar that he was as
professor of Greek. His books were his constant companions,
their society was his pleasure and pastime, he preferred it,
even in his boyhood, to the sports and recreations for which
most boys neglect their studies. When in college he sat up
at night after other students were in bed to pursue the study
of German and other modern languages not then required by
the college course. This he did from the pure love of these
studies, without the aid of a teacher, and without the social
stimulus of any companionship in such pursuits. And he
probably for the sake of study neglected needful bodily exer-
cise every year of his life.
" In the study of languages he found a fascination. The
marvelous Greek tongue was of course the richest field for
him, the language of a people of the finest and subtlest intel-
lect, and of the highest culture in the art of speech. He
seemed at home in that wonderful language as much almost
as if it had been his mother tongue. The elegance and vivac-
ity, the felicity and energy of his translations from Thu-
cydides or Plato showed that he not only comprehended his
author and saw the subject as he saw it, but that he had
fairly caught the glow of the author's mind from the page
which he had written.
" So accomplished a student of language could not have been
ignorant of his rank among his fellow students ; but in all my
intimacy with him, boarding at the same table, occupying for
a few months the same room, and spending with him more or
less time every day either in social intercourse or in the en-
joyment of vocal or instrumental music, I never knew him to
betray, by word or act or look, a consciousness of his superi-
ority to the poorest scholar in the class.
" Oblivious as he was, apparently, of the deficiencies of
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 323
others, he was quick enough to perceive their merits. A fine
recitation or an eminently creditable performance of any col-
lege exercise, no matter by whom, gave him positive enjoy-
ment, which in his nervous and emphatic way he was very apt
to express. It is really not too much to say that he appeared
to enjoy the successes of others as much as though they had
been his own.
u What a help to any college class is the influence of one
such man ! His connection with the class of 1843, was, no
doubt, the presentation to some of its members of an ideal
such as they had not formed before ; an ideal, not only of
enthusiasm for the largest acquisitions and the finest culture,
but of that enthusiasm sustained by the love of excellence
for its own sake, and not alloyed by any merely selfish am-
bition to surpass others.
'* A spirit of scholarship so high, so broad, so generous as
this could be no mark for envy. None of us grudged our class-
mate his position or his honors. He was the beloved associ-
ate, and is now the warmly remembered friend of some of us,
and no doubt many of us were more indebted to his example
than we were aware of at the time for anything that was well
and worthily done by us in our college days.
" I ought not to close this notice without speaking of Mr.
Putnam's love of music. Music was born in him as much as
Greek was, and he learned one as rapidly as he did the other.
When in college he was a valuable member of the Handel
Society, his influence being always in favor of the introduction
for practice of the standard and classic authors. Haydn's
' Creation ' and other works of that great composer were an
unfailing source of delight to him. Their naturalness and
spontaneity, their brightness and cheerfulness, their artistic
finish and exquisite grace, met precisely the corresponding
qualities in his own mind. As we often choose those authors
who are most unlike ourselves, so he knew how to enjoy the
rugged grandeur of less polished writers. He could listen to
a mountain chain of choruses in ' Israel in Egypt,' or to a
dark and mazy labyrinth of mingled harmony and discord in
Beethoven, and wherever he saw the perfection of art or the
power of genius, his soul was like a harp of a thousand strings
324 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
every one of which was alive with vibration. I well remem-
ber with what elevation of feeling and intensity of utterance
he used in the Handel Society to sing ' The Hallelujah
Chorus/ and the concluding chorus of the Messiah, ' Worthy
is the Lamb that was slain.' His deeply religious sympathies
were touched by the sentiment of these great choruses, and on
this account his enjoyment of them was more profound than
his enjoyment even of the finished models of Haydn. He
knew and felt that he was on a grander theme, and that Re-
demption was greater than Creation. And it is pleasant to
think of him now as saying with a deeper meaning and a
more rapturous devotion than he knew on earth, and may
we add, a more thrilling musical delight, ' Worthy is the
Lamb.' "
We append some of the closing lines of the venerable Dr.
Thayer's most touching and eloquent tribute to the character
of his beloved and honored pupil : " He did in quality, more
than in quantity, beyond any I ever had to do with. He was
under more stimulus than mere quiet pleasure in study. He
had a most delicate sense of beauty to be gratified, a fine
power of discrimination which sought objects for its exercise.
Then his love for his mother was a very powerful motive ;
then too I think he thought of gratifying and honoring his
teacher, who loved him and tried to make him a scholar. But
better, he loved his Saviour and increasingly studied with hum-
ble loyalty to him. Still we must not put Putnam in a wrong
place. He was preeminently made for a classical scholar.''
Rev. Dr. Leeds adds :
" I became acquainted with Professor Putnam in the winter
of 1860-61, and was on intimate terms with him up to the
time of his death, more than two years later
" Of his scholarship, others can speak more fitly than I. All
remarked that he was pervaded by that which is beautiful in
the wonderful language and literature he taught, as ever a
vase by the perfume of its flowers.
" But it is his character on which I love to dwell. Ever after
I had become well acquainted with him, he was a delightful
illustration to me of the power of love to foster diverse and
even opposite elements of character. He had feminine traits,
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 325
and yet he was thoroughly manly ; the gentleness and tender-
ness of a true woman were his, and so were the dignity and
courage of a true man. He could speak, and was wont to
speak, and preferred to speak words of kindness the most
winning ; but he could administer a rebuke longer to be re-
membered than most men's ; though more, perhaps, because it
came from him than for any other reason. The union in him
of fastidious taste and of uncritical temper was very marked.
No man was more sensitive than he to all the proprieties of
the occasion ; and one might at first fear lest himself should
say or do what would jar upon that delicately attuned spirit,
for whatever he said or did was perfect in its manner. And
yet no one no one would listen with more simple enjoy-
ment to the plainest, crudest utterances of others. He had not
one word of criticism to offer. He seemed to see I am con-
fident he did see only what was good* and attractive in them.
But one thing could offend him, that which indicated a want
of sympathy.
44 More than any man I ever knew, he saw the good in
every person, and the bright in everything. It was wonder-
ful, it was delightful, it rebuked one, and it quickened one, to
note the manifestations of this temper. Nothing, seemingly,
could occur that did not present some occasion for gratitude.
After the fearful disaster which hurried his life to its close,
his message home was how characteristic of him all who
knew him will at once recognize, 4 Tell them to thank God
for our deliverance ! '
44 1 must not say much more. His friends need no reminders
of his innocent, sunny playfulness, or his abounding, spark-
ling but never trenchant wit. As one of them has said
of another, * What bright, graceful conceits often fell from
his lips, his soft, dark eye smiling at his own unexpected
thought ! ' And yet, such was his gracious nature that he was
the delight of the house of prayer as much as of the friendly
circle, the one who would be chosen alike to share our hours
of gayety, and to extend to us the sacramental cup. In fine,
his qualities were refined, blended, and crowned by love love
which often suggested to others the name of St. John.
44 No notice of him would be adequate that did not at least
326 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
refer to his wife, fitting companion to such a man. A
daughter of Prof. William and Mrs. Sarah Chamberlain, she
inherited both the attractive and the sterling traits of her
parents. 4 Lovely and pleasant in their lives, in their death
they were not divided.' '
Esthetic and solid culture have very rarely had a more
nearly perfect union in any American scholar than in Professor
Putnam. Whether in the privacy of his home, in the recita-
tion room, or before a large audience, his words were always
chosen with a marked regard for fitness and beauty. His
knowledge of the minutest points of every theme which he
discussed was so exhaustive and complete that any attempt to
improve would have' been almost like carrying light to the sun.
The graces of his heart corresponded with those of his per-
son and mind. His earnest piety was marked and felt by all
who came within the sphere of his influence. Few Christian
teachers have passed away, at the age of forty, more highly
esteemed than Professor Putnam. He died on the return
voyage from Europe, near Halifax, October 22, 1863.
In 1851, the chair of Mathematics was rendered vacant by
the death of Professor Chase, and he was succeeded by JOHN
SMITH WOODMAN, a member of the Rockingham County Bar.
He was the son of Nathan and Abigail H. (Chesley) Wood-
man, and was born at Durham, N. H., September 6, 1819.
Extended experience as a teacher in the South, and for-
eign travel, had given valuable expansion to Professor Wood-
man's naturally capacious mind. He was a careful, patient,
laborious teacher of the Mathematics. He did not exact ex-
cellence from every student, for he fully realized that a lack
of native fondness for the studies of this department rendered
it impossible for some to appear in the recitation-room, with
as full preparation as others. But he strove to have each do
the best in his power, and his kindness induced many to put
forth earnest effort, who would have been less inclined to do
so under a different teacher.
One well qualified to appreciate him says :
" As an instructor in Mathematics, a field proverbially diffi-
cult, Professor Woodman had but few equals. Such was his
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 327
superiority when a student in this department, that there
was little difficulty in choosing a successor to the post made
vacant by the sudden and untimely death of Professor Chase.
The action of the Trustees was most completely justified by
the ease and thoroughness with which Professor Woodman
took up and carried forward the work of his honored and
lamented predecessor.
" In the class-room, however subtle or complicated the sub-
ject, or however dull the student lucklessly ' called up/ his
demeanor was always evenly calm, without a shade of im-
patience ; he carried a firm, steady hand, master alike of him-
self and the subject in hand.
" Under his direction the field of Mathematics was not left
to mere theoretical cultivation. At an early date, the first
class under his care was marshaled in squads under self-
chosen captains who were first trained by the professor in
practical handling of compass, theodolite, and sextant ; and
then each led his division to out-door work, taking the various
instruments in turn. He was also able to invest even Analyt-
ical Geometry and Integral Calculus with charms for some of
the class. One student came from a private interview in a
high state of enthusiasm over the eloquent suggestiveness of
formulae in the vocabulary of Calculus.
" Written examinations, now so common, were among the
methods introduced into his department by Professor Wood-
man, and that class still remembers the spectacles quietly ad-
justed, that his near-sightedness might not encourage an illicit
use of -j- and , and the rigid silence which shut them up to
the simple problems written upon the blackboard, notwith-
standing adroit questions, ostensibly innocent and necessary.
" In the Chandler Scientific School, to which Professor
Woodman was afterwards assigned, he was specially qualified
to do good work, because of his thorough mastery of Mathe-
matics by perceptions almost intuitive. Thoroughly at home
in its principles, loving them, and honestly loving his pupils,
he could luminously and patiently teach the application of
those principles in practice, however minute and detailed.
" Mention of Professor Woodman as an instructor would be
incomplete, were there no allusion to the force and influence
328 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
of his character as a man, transparently honest, and grandly
true. He taught well from text-books, but his life, so un-
affectedly simple and just, gave better, deeper, and more
lasting instruction."
An associate in the Faculty says :
*' Professor Woodman becoming somewhat weary of the
continuous and laborious drill of young men in a department
not generally appreciated, and feeling a renewed desire to re-
turn to the practice of law, resigned his professorship, and
removed to Boston for that purpose. After a year's expe-
rience of the practice, or desire of practice, of law, the pro-
fessor was ready to return to his field of labor in the college.
His former department was no longer open, the place having
been filled, on his resignation, by the appointment of Professor
Patterson. He was, therefore, appointed Professor of Civil
Engineering in the Chandler Scientific School. On entering
upon his duties, he was made the chief executive officer, under
the president, of the department, and continued to hold that
relation to the school till his death. Professor Woodman
proved himself a thorough, able, and zealous teacher in his
new chair, and by degrees became deeply interested in the
Scientific Department, and devoted his time and energies to
building it up and making it a success. He early became
sensible of the importance of the free-hand drawing, and
gave it a prominent place in the curriculum of the School,
which it has continued to hold. The depth of Professor
Woodman's love for the School, and the strength of his de-
sire for its continued prosperity, were made manifest in his
will by a generous donation to its funds. Those who grad-
uated from the Chandler Department while it was under the
administration of Professor Woodman, will never cease to love
and revere his memory."
A classmate, distinguished for his interest in general educa-
tion, says :
" Professor Woodman was county commissioner of schools,
and secretary of the New Hampshire Board of Education,
during the year 1850. He was again county commissioner
during the years 1852 and 1853. In 1854 he was commis-
sioner and chairman of the board which was composed of
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 329
the commissioners of the several counties. In the opinion of
the most competent judges, Professor Woodman was one of
the wisest and most efficient state school officers New Hamp-
shire has ever had. He was admirably qualified for the work
of an educator, not only by the cast of his methodical, organiz-
ing mind, but by his varied experience and scholastic attain-
ments. He was eminently practical in all his plans for the
improvement of the schools, and he knew well how to adapt
means to ends. His reports, both as commissioner and secre-
tary, were of a high order of excellence, and they were highly
beneficial in promoting the cause of education in the State."
Professor Woodman married Mary Ann, daughter of Ste-
phen Perkins Chesley, of Durham, and adopted daughter of
Edward Pendexter. He died at Durham, N. H., May 9,
1871.
In 1853, PROFESSOR CLEMENT LONG, who was the son of
Samuel and Mary (Clement) Long, and was born at Hop-
kinton, N. H., December, 31, 1806, was called to the chair of
Intellectual Philosophy which had been vacated by the resig-
nation of Professor Haddock. He was a thorough teacher.
Being himself a most profound thinker, he deemed it his duty
to exact a thorough knowledge of every day's lesson by the
student. If he had not made himself master of the subject,
by learning all that was to be learned from the text-book, any
attempt to supply the deficiency, by drawing upon his own re-
sources, would be sure to be followed by the plainest marks
of dissatisfaction or merited rebuke on the part of Professor
Long. Never indulging in the diffuse pr the discursive him-
self, he never tolerated such a course on the part of the stu-
dent. A mere glance at the man was sufficient to indicate
the richest and most solid type of mind. Those who sat under
his instruction, and were capable of appreciating it, will ever
remember his efforts in their behalf with the liveliest grat-
itude.
In a commemorative " Discourse," President Lord says :
44 He was graduated at this college in 1828, a classmate and
intimate friend of the late and lamented Professor Young,
and a worthy associate of the many honorable men by whom
the class of that year has been distinguished.
330 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" It was here, in a time of unusual religious awakening
among the students, that he became a Christian, and, with
several of his classmates, made profession of his faith, a
profession ever afterwards honored by a singular devotedness
to his Saviour. That he was a regenerate man, and true to
his Christian calling, no one who knew him ever doubted.
It was manifested by the perhaps best of all evidences, as
construed by experienced observers, the uniform prevalence
of an unworldly and super-worldly spirit. He affected noth-
ing, he pretended nothing ; but whatever he said or did signifi-
cant of religious character was traceable, and traceable only,
to a believing and loving mind. If any thought him severely
religious, that may have been the fault of his critics rather
than his own.
" After leaving college, he was for three years a preceptor,
principally at Randolph, Vt. ; then, for two years, a theolog-
ical student at Andover. Before completing his term at that
institution, he was called, in 1833, to the professorship of In-
tellectual Philosophy in Western Reserve College, at Hudson,
Ohio. After a short term of service he was elected to the
professorship of Theology, in the same institution, and re-
ceived ordination as a minister of the gospel. These changes
are all significant of early and distinguished worth.
" In 1851 he received and accepted the appointment of pro-
fessor of Theology in the Seminary at Auburn, N. Y."
His classmate Professor Folsom says :
" Professor Long was like a precious stone kept long in the
lapidary's hands before its brilliancy met the public gaze. I
had my home under his father's roof, and sat daily at table
with him, during my Junior year. We were colleagues after-
wards, together with our classmate Jarvis Gregg, in the West-
ern Reserve College ; and they both were members of my
family there. We had been Handelians at Dartmouth (as also
Peabody), and almost every evening we sang together, at our
fireside, from Zeuner's " Harp." How precious the memory of
those hours ! How often has the uplifting power of all our in-
tercourse been felt ! Professor Long, like Professor Young,
joined the love of Mathematics with that of Metaphysics, but
the bent of his genius was strongly in the direction of the
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 331
latter, and not least in theological and moral science. He
had the enthusiastic regard both of the Faculty and students
of the Western Reserve College. He was also a very sug-
gestive and quickening preacher, often at my request taking
my place in the pulpit of the chapel. His great modesty, and
not easily satisfied ideal, kept him from publishing much in
his lifetime ; but I have wondered that some of his writings
did not find their way into print after his death. He once
told me, when urging him to this step, that he hoped, in the
course of ten years or so, to be able to prepare something
which the ear of the public might not be careless to hear.
He had the same clear-cut features that marked Professor
Peabody, though of a different pattern, the latter with out-
ward, the former with inward, gaze."
" In 1853," President Lord continues, " he was transferred
to the position which he held in this college till his death,
leaving the honorable office which he had so lately assumed,
at Auburn, partly out of his great love for his Alma Mater,
and partly, to minister to his revered parents in their ad-
vanced years.
" In all these relations the qualities which I have suggested
laid the foundation of his acknowledged excellence. In all
the departments which he successively occupied he was re-
garded as among the most learned, able, and effective teachers
and preachers of the country. He was competent to every
service required of him, and gave to every position dignity
and honor. He was distinctively Christian in them all, and
made them subservient to no school or party, but to the
gospel through which he had been saved.
" Wherein Professor Long was like other men, he was above
the generality, and, though he aspired not to lead, was fitted
to precede them. Wherein he was unlike them, the difference
was more conspicuous. His peculiarities were striking, and
in them we perceive his most observable traits, whether of the
intellect or the heart.
" I know not whether it were most of nature, or habit, that
our friend was so distinguished for acuteness, directness, and
singleness of the mind, a mind not especially intuitive and
rapid, not noticeably free in its conceptions, wide in its
332 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
survey, or comprehensive in its generalizations, moving rather
on an extended line than an enlarged area, but subtle and
clear as light ; sharp, piercing and discriminating as electric-
ity ; pointed, direct, and exact as the magnet ; conclusive,
positive, and decisive as the bolt of heaven. His processes
were simple, natural, easy, and continuous, not stiffly regu-
lated by scholastic laws, but strictly conformable, and his re-
sults inevitable. Give him his definitions and his postulates
which, though not given, he would, like other resolved rea-
soners after his method, sometimes take, at his own risk, and
he would go round or through the circle, or make his trav-
erses in darkness and storm, and never lose his meridian, or
be confused in his reckoning ; and he would come back pre-
cisely to his starting-point laden with success, his points all
proved. It was well said of him by a curious and critical ob-
server of scholars, that, as a logician, he was not exceeded in
the country.
" Our professor had made large attainments in the science to
which he was especially devoted, the Metaphysics. He read
whatever was worth the reading, of which, however, he chose
to be an independent judge, but he thought more, so that his
attainments were emphatically his own. He was not like
what so many now become in this department of study, a
mere follower, imitator, panegyrist, but a searching critic
and judicious commentator. He had a higher range of specu-
lative inquiry than most of the more ambitious men who have
exceeded him in popular effect, and he corrected his inquiries
by a better logic, and a more simple faith. But I have some-
times thought him too much of a recluse for his greatest prof-
iting in this respect. He loved best the retirement of his
own study, and was rarely seen outside of it, except when
required by his official duties. He abjured the artificial forms
and fashions of social life, the bustling confusions of trade and
commerce, and the whirl and finesse of political agitations.
He never would stand on a platform, nor be seen at an anni-
versary, nor harangue a popular assembly. He was happiest
in solitude where, undisturbed, he could solve the abstruse
problems of ethics, or be a delighted critic of metaphysical
theories, or seek to penetrate the mysteries of theology. He
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 333
was consequently in danger of contemplating his subjects, like
so many others of his time, both in Church and State, too
much in their refined essence, and too little in their compre-
hensive practical relations; rather as things, in his judgment,
ought to be, than as they are ; too much in the light of a ficti-
tious principle, and too little in that of experience, history,
and analogy ; rather according to God's original constitution
than the actual necessities of a fallen state ; too much as they
may be in the ultimate development of God's moral provi-
dence, and too little as they are in its administrative course.
Hence, but for the greatest care which, in the main, he exer-
cised, he would have been likely to crowd into his definitions
and postulates more than they naturally admitted, or to make
them less than they naturally required ; to mistake, for the
basis of his fulcrum, a speculative subtlety instead of a prac-
tical reality ; and, consequently, to make his inexorable logic
draw too much, or to little, for legitimate practical effect. If,
occasionally tempted by the excitement of our present types
of speculative and conjectural science, he seemed to overstep
the limits which God has prescribed to us in our present pro-
bationary state, and to make the human a measure of the
Divine, it was done not presumptuously, from a spirit of con-
ceited and ambitious intermeddling with things forbidden,
but unconsciously, from an honest desire for knowledge.
When he perceived, as he was not slow to perceive, that
many of the objects which now so much allure the learned
men of the world, who are falsely so called, were not real, but
ideal and conceptional only, not actual knowledge verifiable
by a day-light test, but shadows and chimeras chasing one
another over the moonlit sky, then he retreated. He chose
to stop, reverentially, as taught by Scripture, when he must,
rather than to be driven back by the cherubim and the flam-
ing sword. Not even Kant, or Coleridge, or any of their liv-
ing imitators, however congenial their respective tastes for
speculative subtleties, could tempt him so to disregard the
boundary between reason and faith as to lose sight of Calvary,
or mistake an ignis fatuus for the Sun of Righteousness.
His college experience, and, I have sometimes thought the
genius collegii, with a father's and mother's teachings and
334 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
prayers, all favored by the Spirit who only searcheth the deep
things of God, kept him near and true to the everlasting
Word.
" But we forgot all his speculative trials and temptations,
we forgot almost that he was not perfect but in part, when, in
his sacred character, and in this sacred place, he laid aside his
weapons of intellectual warfare, and, with his peculiar meek-
ness of wisdom, simplicity of statement, power of argument,
and cogency of appeal, testified to us the great things of the
kingdom of God, so far as he had learned them out of the
Holy Scripture. Very instructive and affecting it was, when,
as sometimes, the aspiring philosopher, the uncompromising
logician, the astute economist, the grave and learned dogma-
tist, renounced these and all other accomplishments of nature,
or rather made them subservient to the greater accomplish-
ments of grace. Then we admired, even to tears of thankful-
ness, how the wise man, in becoming a fool, becomes truly
wise ; how he who could be great among his fellows on Mars
Hill, great after the fashion of the Areopagus, could be
greater, after a higher fashion, in declaring the God there
Unknown ; in repeating simply the lessons of that heavenly
wisdom which none of the princes of this world knew ; and,
with a child-like sincerity and earnestness, from his own sense
of the sufficiency of redeeming mercy, inviting us to ' The
Lamb of God who taketh away the sin of the world.'
" It might seem that one so abstract and speculative, so con-
templative and reserved, would naturally be wanting in those
sensibilities and affections which are justly reckoned indispen-
sable to the highest excellence of character, and to the happi-
ness, or the relief, of our present state. But appearances do
not necessarily represent, but more frequently conceal, reali-
ties. I have been permitted to read some of his most familiar
letters, which reveal a sunny and cheery side of his character
which I had not learned from personal observation. That he
had a susceptible and generous heart no man ever doubted.
But one must know what he has written to his friends, out of
its unperceived fullness, to appreciate those hidden sympathies
of his nature which brought him into harmony as well with
the outer as the inner world. Few would have a better relish
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 335
for innocent festivities, or the pleasures of travel, or the
grander and finer works of nature or art. Few would be
more excited by the sparkle or roar of ocean, the magnificent
scenery of Centre Harbor, the sublime panorama of the White
Mountains, or the quiet beauties of the Connecticut valley.
True, such objects engaged him but for a time. They were
not his chief good. He wanted the higher satisfactions of en-
larged knowledge, of speculative insight, of reasoning activity,
of professional engagement. They were not his work, but
his pastime. Yet, when he played, it was with as great
enjoyment as any man can have who plays alone, and far
greater than they have, or can have, who do naught but
play in company, who care for little but sights and sounds,
at length sickened and enfeebled by their very tastes, incapa-
ble of grave and dignified pursuits, disgusted by their own
vanities, remorseful at their own intemperate hilarities, say-
ing, at last, of laughter, ' It is mad, and of mirth, what
doth it ? ' Stoical he may have been, for that belongs, al-
most of course, to natural magnanimity, and familiarity with
large and elevated themes ; but ascetic and cynical he was
not, and could not have been, with his appreciation of Chris-
tian truth, and experience of a Saviour's love.
" The scholar, teacher, preacher, learned, profound, effective,
venerable in all relations, has passed away ; the good man,
regenerate by the grace of God, trusting in the righteousness
of Christ, and hoping for salvation only through redeeming
blood ; the righteous man, stern and inflexible in his integrity,
who never dissembled, never professed what he did not feel,
never hated, never spoke evil of his neighbor, and could and
did say that he was never angry at his brother ; the faithful
man, who was true to his engagements, kept his post, and, in
weariness and painfulness, performed his appointed work till
he was struck with death ; the husband, father, friend, of
whom, in these relations, it were impertinent to speak par-
ticularly, while wounded spirits are already telling, too much,
how great his value, and how great their loss. He has passed
away, dying as he had lived, and taught, and preached, in
faith ; peaceful as a little child, and hopeful of that better
state where that which is perfect will come, and that which
is in part shall be done away."
336 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Professor Long published a sermon before the W. R. Synod
in 1847, a discourse on " The Literary Merits of Immoral
Books," in the same year, " Inaugural Address at Auburn," in
1853, a sermon in Dartmouth College Church, " Jesus Exalted
yet Divine," in 1859, and a memorial sermon on Professor
Roswell Shurtleff, in 1861. In 1836, with Professor Gregg, he
assumed the editorship of the " Ohio Observer " published at
Hudson. In their first address to their readers is this pas-
sage : " In relation to the subject of slavery we shall take the
high ground that man is man and cannot therefore be treated
and used as property without sin. that immediate emancipa-
tion is a duty, and that it is therefore the duty of every man
to pray and strive in every virtuous \vay for the abolition of
slavery." The last date of an editorial is June, 1837.
Professor Long married Rhoda Ensign, daughter of Alpha
Rockwell, of Winsted, Connecticut. He died at Hanover,
October 14, 1861.
Propriety forbids more than the briefest reference to a
large number of the worthy living, who have been, or who
still are numbered among Dartmouth's professors, in the
Academical department. Otherwise we might dwell, with
profit, upon the name of the able theologian, George Howe ;
of the eminent linguist, Calvin E. Stowe ; of that strong and
graceful master of the English, the Latin, and the, Greek,
Edwin D. Sanborn, who is now just passing the threshold of
the " three score and ten," and completing nearly a half
century of various and valuable connection with his Alma
Mater ; of Oliver P. Hubbard, who is still patiently and
skillfully unfolding the secrets of science in halls which have
echoed his voice for more than forty years ; of Samuel G.
Brown, the music of whose chaste and charming lectures on
Rhetoric still lingers in the ears of a long line of pupils ; of
Daniel J. Noyes, whose fidelity, courtesy, and kindness in the
chairs of Theology and Philosophy have given him a warm
place in the hearts of nearly thirty classes ; of James W. Pat-
terson, whose pupils have watched the turning of the thoughts
of an admired and honored teacher from Natural to Political
Science, with unceasing interest, and followed him through
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 337
the vicissitudes of public service, with undiminished affec-
tion ; of Charles A. Aiken, the critical and accomplished
linguist, whose loss by the college was deemed almost irrep-
arable ; of William A. Packard, who, in a kindred depart-
ment gave early promise of his later success ; of Charles A.
Young, whose scientific researches have added to the fame
of his family, his college, and his country. Nor should the
service rendered to the cause of science by Henry Fairbanks
and John R. Varney, while professors at Dartmouth, escape
our notice.
A proper estimate of the value of the services of those who
are now manfully and successfully bearing " the burden and
heat of the day," and bidding fair to do so for years to come,
in this important field, with its slender pecuniary rewards,
of Samuel C. Bartlett, Henry E. Parker, Elihu T. Quimby,
Charles H. Hitchcock, John C. Proctor, Charles F. Emerson,
and John K. Lord, must be left to a future historian.
The tutor's chair at Dartmouth has been filled by many
men of high promise, some going to premature graves, others
to what they deemed more inviting fields. Among them we
find such names as Calvin Crane, Moses Fiske, Asa McFar-
land, John Noyes, the value of whose instruction was grate-
fully acknowleged by Dartmouth's most illustrious son a quar-
ter of a century after his graduation, Thomas A. Merrill,
Frederick Hall, Josiah Noyes, Andrew Mack, John Brown,
Henry Bond, William White, Rufus W. Bailey, James Marsh,
Nathan Welby Fiske, Rufus Choate, Oramel S. Hinckley,
John D. Willard, Henry Wood, Ebenezer C. Tracy, Ira
Perley, Silas Aiken, Evarts Worcester, Jarvis Gregg, and
Samuel H. Taylor. We cannot dwell upon individual merit,
nor give even the names of all who have rendered valuable
service in this sphere.
The " Indian Charity School," also has had many teachers
of distinguished worth. Among them we find such names as
Benjamin Trumbull, the historian, to whom we have referred
heretofore ; Ralph Wheelock, the favorite son of the honored
founder, who would doubtless have left to him his official
mantle, but for the early failure of his health ; James Dean,
whose name is indelibly engraven upon the earlier periods of
22
338 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
our national history, Jacob Fowler, who well illustrated the
value of Christian civilization to the Indian ; Caleb Bingham
and Elisha Ticknor, whose names are closely interwoven with
the educational history of New England's metropolis, Josiah
Dunham, Judah Dana, Caleb Butler, William A. Hayes, the
intimate and honored friend of Francis Brown, Joseph Perry,
John S. Emerson, and Osgood Johnson.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 339
CHAPTER XXVII.
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. PROFESSORS NATHAN SMITH, REU-
BEN D. MUSSEY, DIXI CROSBY, EDMUND R. PEASLEE, ALBERT
SMITH, AND ALPHEUS B. CROSBY. OTHER TEACHERS.
IN " A Contribution to the Medical History of New Hamp-
shire," by Prof. A. B. Crosby, we find a condensed history of
the Medical Department of the College.
" Soon after its formation, the impression became general
that the State Society, excellent as it was both in design and
execution, did not fully answer the medical wants of New
Hampshire. There were those who felt that the young men of
the State should have systematic, didactic instruction, and that
this could be accomplished only by the foundation of a reg-
ularly chartered medical college. This plan was eventually re-
duced to a demonstration through the energy and talents of
one man. It is with profound veneration that I write the
name of Nathan Smith. Himself a member of the society, I-
know not but he here gained inspiration and encouragement
for the enterprise from his associates. At the annual meet-
ing of the Board of Trustees of Dartmouth College, in Au-
gust, 1796, being then a Bachelor of Medicine, not having
received the degree of M. D., he made an application to the
Board, asking their encouragement and approbation of a plan
he had devised to establish a professorship of the Theory and
Practice of Medicine in connection with Dartmouth College.
After considerable discussion, the Board voted to postpone
their final action upon the proposition for a year, but in the
meantime a resolution was passed complimentary to the char-
acter and energy of Mr. Smith, and promising such encour-
agement and assistance in the future as the plan might merit
and the circumstances of the college admit.
340 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
"The records of the college are extremely barren of details
respecting the preliminary steps towards a medical establish-
ment, and there are no means of knowing what the action of
the Board was the following year. It is evident, however,
that some measures must have been taken in relation to the
future welfare of the school, for in the year 1798 we find that
' the fee for conferring the degree of Bachelor of Medicine
pro meritis be twenty dollars.' The honorary degree of
Master of Arts was the same year conferred on Mr. Smith,
while it remained for a subsequent Board to discover that
his professional attainments merited the rank and title of
Doctor.
" Later in the same session it was voted 'That a professor
be appointed, whose duty it shall be to deliver public lectures
upon Anatomy, Surgery, Chemistry, Materia Medica, and the
Theory and Practice of Physic, and that said professor be en-
titled to receive payment for instruction in those branches, as
hereafter mentioned, as compensation for his services in that
office/ Mr. Smith was at once chosen to fulfill the laborious,
and to us almost incredible duties of this professorship, while
the compensation alluded to was for a long time held in abey-
ance. We also find that in this year the Board adopted the
following code of Medical Statutes :
" 1. Lectures shall begin the first of October, annually, and
continue ten weeks, during which the professor shall deliver
three lectures daily, Saturday and Sunday excepted.
" 2. In the lectures on the Theory and Practice of Physic,
shall be explained the nature of diseases and method of cure.
" 3. The lectures on Chemistry and Materia Medica shall be
accompanied by actual experiments, tending to explain and
demonstrate the principles of Chemistry, and an exhibition
shall be made of the principal medicines used in curing dis-
ease, with an explanation of their medicinal qualities, and ef-
fect on the human body.
"4. In the lectures on Anatomy and Surgery, shall be
demonstrated the parts of the human body by dissecting a
recent subject, if such subject can be legally obtained; other-
wise, by exhibiting anatomical preparations, which shall be
attended by the performance of the principal capital opera-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 341
tions in surgery. [The lower animals were used to some ex-
tent.]
" 5. The medical professor shall be entitled to the use of the
college library and apparatus gratis.
" 6. The medical students shall be entitled to the use of the
college library under the discretionary restrictions of the pres- .
ident.
" 7. Medical students shall be subject to the same rules of
morality and decorum as Bachelors in Art residing at the col-
lege.
" 8. No graduate of any college shall be admitted to an ex-
amination for the degree of Bachelor of Medicine, unless he
shall have studied two full years with some respectable phy-
sician, or surgeon, and attended two full courses of lectures at
some university.
" 9. No person not a graduate shall be admitted to such an
examination unless he shall have studied three full years, as
above, attended two full courses of lectures, and shall, upon a
preparatory examination before the president and professors,
be able to parse the English and Latin languages, to construe
Virgil and Cicero's orations, and possess a good knowledge of
common Arithmetic, Geometry, Geography, and Natural and
Moral Philosophy.
" 10. Examinations shall be holden in public before the ex-
ecutive authority of the college by the medical professor, and
candidates shall read and defend a dissertation, etc.
"11. Every person receiving a degree in Medicine shall
cause his thesis to be printed, and sixteen copies thereof to be
delivered to the president, for the use of the college and
Trustees.
"12. The fee for attending a full course of lectures shall be
fifty dollars ; that is, for Anatomy and Surgery, twenty-five
dollars ; for Chemistry and Materia Medica, fifteen dollars,
and for Theory and Practice, ten dollars.
"13. The members of the two senior classes in college may
attend the medical lectures by paying twenty dollars for the
full course.
" Besides these statutes, the Trustees voted that Mr. Smith
might employ assistance in any of his departments, at his own
342 DAKTMOTJTH COLLEGE.
expense, and that one half part of the fees for conferring the
degree of Bachelor of Medicine be his perquisite, and the
other half a perquisite to the president of the college.
" The first course of lectures was delivered in the fall of
1797, although Mr. Smith was not elected to his professorship
, until after his return from Europe, the following year. In the
year 1798, two young men were graduated with the degree of
Bachelor of Medicine. The next year the Trustees voted to
appropriate a room in the northeast corner of Dartmouth
Hall to the use of Professor Smith, and it was repaired and
furnished for that purpose. The room was a small one,
scarcely as large as a common parlor, but still it served for a
lecture hall, dissecting-room, chemical laboratory and library,
for several years, when another room adjoining was appropri-
ated to the same purpose.
" In. 1801, the degree of Doctor of Medicine was conferred
upon Mr. Smith, and a committee was appointed to confer
with him in relation to a salary. A grant of fifty dollars per
annum was voted him, upon which he was to allow a debt he
owed the college for money loaned. I presume that this
latter was furnished him in order to enable him to visit
Europe.
" The Trustees about this time made a change in the term
of study required for a degree. The new statute fixed the
period of three years for academical graduates, and five years
for non-graduates.
In 1803 the New Hampshire Legislature granted 8600 to
Dr. .Smith for the purchase of apparatus, and in 1809 $3,450
for " a building of brick or stone for a medical school, sixty-
five feet in length, thirty -two feet in width, and two stories
in height," Dr. Smith furnishing land for the purpose. He
furnished one acre, on which a brick building seventy-five
feet in length, two stories in the middle, with wings of three
stories, was erected, at a cost of over $4,600, Dr. Smith be-
coming responsible for the balance. By the terms of the
above grants the building and anatomical and chemical appa-
ratus became the property of the State upon the removal of
Dr. Smith from the institution, which is with propriety styled
the " New Hampshire Medical College."
DAKTMOUTH. COLLEGE. 343
In 1810 Dr. Cyrus Perkins (created a Doctor upon that
occasion) was elected professor of Anatomy. Some trouble
having occurred about this time between the college officers
and the Medical students, the following articles were added to
the laws.
" ' 1. That each person, previous to becoming a member of
the Medical institution, shall be required to give satisfactory
evidence that he possesses a good moral character.
" 4 2. That it be required of medical students that they
conduct themselves respectfully towards the executive officers
of the college, and if any of them should be guilty of immoral
or ungentlemanly conduct the executive may expel them, and
no professor shall receive or continue to receive as his private
pupil any such expelled person, or recommend him to any other
medical man or institution.
" ' 3. That the executive officers of the college be, and
hereby are authorized to visit the rooms of the .medical
students whenever they think proper.'
" In the year 1812, some important changes were made in
the economy of the institution. Up to this time the degree
of Bachelor of Medicine only was conferred upon recent
graduates, while the degree of M. D. was only allowed in
course three years after graduation. This was now changed,
and the degree of Doctor of Medicine was conferred upon all
medical graduates. The term of study was again changed,
and fixed at the present standard. Another of the new regu-
lations and perhaps the least agreeable one to the students,
compelled candidates to read their theses publicly in the
chapel.
44 The Faculty was also strengthened by the appointment of
Rufus Graves, Esq., as lecturer on Chemistry, making this
department, for the first time, a separate branch. Colonel
Graves, although a good lecturer, was an unsucessful manip-
ulator, which caused his dismission in 1815, three years later.
During the same year [1812, at Dartmouth] we find that
Mr. Reuben D. Mussey, a name thoroughly identified with
the success of the school, and with medical progress in New
Hampshire, was created a Doctor of Medicine.
344 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" In 1814, Dr. Smith having been absent for a year, it was
voted that the salary and emoluments pertaining to the chair
of Medicine, be paid to Dr. Perkins, and at an adjourned
meeting the resignation of Dr. Smith was received and ac-
cepted. The Board then proceeded to elect Dr. Mussey pro-
fessor of Theory and Practice and Materia Medica. In 1816,
Dr. Perkins was excused from lecturing on Surgery, and Ob-
stetrics was added to his chair, instead, while Dr. Mussey
assumed the department of Chemistry, in addition to his
other labors. In the meanwhile Dr. Smith was reelected
professor of Surgery, but declining to accept, Dr. Mussey
added a course of lectures on this branch to his already labori-
ous duties. The following year he was somewhat relieved by
the choice of Dr. James F. Dana, as lecturer on Chemistry,
which office he continued to hold until 1820, when he was
elected to a full professorship. In August, 1819, Dr. Perkins
resigned his chair.
( " By vote of the Board of Trustees, in 1820, they accepted
the proffered fraternization of the New Hampshire Medical
Society, by sending delegates to attend the annual examina-
tions. The statutes were also altered very materially. By
these amendments the Medical Faculty were allowed the sole
control of the discipline, etc., of their department. Students
coming to attend lectures were not required to give evidence
of the possession of a good moral character, as under the old
laws. The invidious have alleged that this latter amend-
ment enabled a larger number to avail themselves of the ad-
vantages of a medical education than might otherwise do so.
The requirements for graduation were at the same time les-
sened, being now limited to a knowledge of Latin and Natural
and Experimental Philosophy, while the examinations were
to be private, instead of public, as heretofore.
" It was determined that tha Medical Faculty should hence-
forth consist of :
" 1. The president of the College.
" 2. A professor of Surgery, Obstetrics, and Medical Juris-
prudence.
"3. A professor of Theory and Practice and Materia Med-
ica.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 345
" 4. A professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy.
" 5. A professor of Anatomy and Physiology.
u Dr. Mussey was elected to the first of the professorial
chairs; Dr. Daniel Oliver, of Salem, Mass., to the second;
Dr. James F. Dana, to the third, and Dr. Usher Parsons to
the fourth. Dr. Parsons remained but two years, when Dr
Mussey was appointed professor of Anatomy, in addition to
his other branches. No further change occurred until 1826,
when Dr. Dana resigned the chair of Chemistry, which was
filled by the election of Professor Hale, who continued to lec-
ture until 1835, when his connection with the college ceased.
The following year Dr. John Delamater was chosen profes-
sor of the Theory and Practice of Physic, and the present in-
cumbent, Dr. O. P. Hubbard, professor of Chemistry, while
in 1838 a great change was made in the Medical Faculty by
the resignation of all the lecturers except Professor Hubbard.
By the election of the Trustees, the Faculty now consisted of
Elisha Bartlett, Oliver Wendell Holmes, John Delamater,
Oliver Payson Hubbard, Dixi Crosby, and Stephen W. Wil-
liams. Dr. Bartlett resigned in 1840, and was succeeded by
Dr. Joseph Roby. Dr. Delamater also left, and Dr. Holmes
tendered his resignation. The next year, 1841, Dr. Phelps
and Dr. Peaslee commenced their long and useful connection
with the school. No farther change was made until 1849,
when Dr. Roby resigned and Dr. Albert Smith was elected.
In 1867 Dixi Crosby resigned the chair of Surgery, and A. B.
Crosby, who had served as adjunct professor of Surgery since
1862, was elected to fill the vacancy. In 1869, Dr. Peaslee,
having resigned the chair of Anatomy and Physiology, was
transferred to a new chair of the Diseases of Women, while
Lyman Bartlett How, M. D., was elected to fill the vacancy.
And finally Dr. Dixi Crosby has sent in his resignation of the
chair of Obstetrics, to take effect at the ensuing commence-
ment (1870), thus terminating an active connection of thirty-
two years with the school.
u Nathan Smith, the founder of the school, was without dis-
pute a great man. He was born at Rehoboth, Massachusetts,
September 30, 1762. Incited to enter the profession by wit-
nessing an amputation in Vermont, he devoted himself to ac-
346 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
quiring the best preliminary education his means afforded, and
eventually entered his profession full of zeal and ambition,
resolved to act no secondary part in his chosen vocation. To
found a medical college at Dartmouth was the chief desire of
his early manhood. Regardless of his own pecuniary inter-
ests, he borrowed money to buy the necessary apparatus and
appliances with which to commence his course of instruction.
When the increasing demands of the institution required a
building for its accommodation, it was through his personal
efforts that it was secured. The means were raised and the
project carried out by Dr. Smith, who, himself, on his own re-
sponsibility, furnished a large part of the money. A part, as
shown by the records, was also secured by the same gentleman
from the Legislature of New Hampshire.
" Dr. Smith was a man of genius. I hazard nothing in say-
ing that he was fifty years in advance of his profession. He
was one of those characters who was not only an observing
man, but, rarest of all, he was a good observer. Nothing es-
caped him, and when he had seized on all the salient points
of a given subject, he astounded his listeners with the full,
symmetrical character of his generalizations.
" As intances in point, let me briefly advert to one or two
illustrations. When Dr. Smith entered the profession, every-
thing in the way of continued fever in the valley of the Con-
necticut was termed typhus. Dr. S. soon became convinced
that while true typhus did prevail, there was yet a continued
fever essentially different in its character, and so he came to
differentiate between typhus and typhoid. Noting carefully
the symptoms in these cases, making autopsies whenever a
chance occurred, and observing the morbid changes thus re-
vealed, he soon found himself master of the situation. Then
he wrote an unpretending little tract, in which he embodied
his observations and his inferences. This brochure was un-
doubtedly the first comprehensive description of typhoid fever
written, and covered in a wonderfully exhaustive way not only
the clinical history, but the pathology, of this most interesting
disease. This noble record of results, obtained by observa-
tions made mainly at Norwich, Vermont, and Cornish, New
Hampshire, was almost the 4 Vox clamantis in deserto.'
DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 347
" Many years later, in the great hospitals of Paris, Louis
made and published his own observations in regard to the
same disease, and the whole medical world rang with plau-
dits of admiration at his genius and learning. But in the
modest little tract of Nathan Smith, the gist and germ of all
the magnificent discoveries of Louis are anticipated. And thus
it is again demonstrated that men of genius are confined to no
age and to no country, but whether in the wilds of New
Hampshire or in the world's gayest capital, they form a fra-
ternity as cosmopolitan as useful.
" I have recently learned an incident that still further illus-
trates Dr. Smith's sagacity. While residing in Cornish he
had 'a friend who was a sea-captain, and who, on his return
from foreign^ voyages, was wont to relate to him whatever
of interest in a medical way he might have chanced to ob-
serve while abroad. On one occasion he told Dr. Smith that
on his previous voyage one of the sailors dislocated his hip ;
there being no surgeon on board, the captain tried but in vain
to reduce it. The man was accordingly placed in a hammock
with the dislocation unreduced. During a great storm the
sufferer was thrown from the hammock to the floor, striking
violently on the knee of the affected side. On examination,
it was found that in the fall the hip had somehow been set.
This greatly interested Dr. Smith, and he questioned the nar-
rator again and again as to the exact position of the thigh, the
knee and the leg, at the time of the fall.
u From this apparently insignificant circumstance, Dr. Smith
eventually educed and reduced to successful practice the method
of reducing dislocations by the mano3uvre, a system as useful
as it is simple, and as scientific as the principle of flexion and
leverage on which it depends. Had this incident been related
to a stupid man, he would have seen nothing in it, or to a
skeptic, he would have discredited the whole account, but
to a man of genius it furnished a clue by which another of
Nature's labyrinths was traced out. This system is by far
the best ever devised, symplifying and rendering easy the
work of the surgeon, while reducing human suffering to its
minimum.
" I do not propose to recall to your minds how much he did
348 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
for Medicine and Surgery ; that were the work of days, not a
single hour.
" Time would fail me to relate the well authenticated tradi-
tions of his skill, his benevolence and his practical greatness.
But almost from the inception of his professional life until he
left for New Haven, he was the acknowledged leader of his
profession in the State, and his reputation came soon to cover
the whole of New England. He was the father of several
sons, who have since been distinguished in the same profes-
sion. The venerable Professor N. R. Smith, of Baltimore, is
the eldest, and perhaps the most celebrated, of the survivors/'
The venerable Dr. A. T. Lowe adds the following valuable
paragraphs :
" In the organization and early history of the Medical
department of Dartmouth College Dr. Nathan Smith occu-
pied a preeminent position. For ten or twelve years he was
the actual manager and the only professor in the institution,
giving three lectures each day, for five days in the week,
through the term of ten to twelve weeks. He lectured with
great acceptance in all the branches of the profession then
taught in the few kindred institutions existing in the coun-
try, and he contributed liberally to the pecuniary support of
the institution, frequently to his great personal inconvenience.
With these accumulated duties to discharge, he faithfully at-
tended to a large practice in Medicine and Surgery, which was
daily increasing, and severely tasking his physical as well as
his intellectual powers, and his fame, in the line of his pro-
fession, soon placed him at its head ; and his skill and the his-
tory of his remarkable success, so frequently announced, and
so well attested, was early recognized and acknowledged, not
only throughout his State, but was scarcely limited to New
England. By a seeming universal consent Dr. Smith's name
stood among the highest in the medical temple of fame.
" Dr. Smith was not what the world would now call a
learned man. We may say of him, in this respect, what Ben
Jonson said of Shakespeare : v He knew little Latin and less
Greek,' but he had a mind and a power of intellect which as
eminently fitted- him for a physician, as Shakespeare's genius
qualified him to become a dramatist of the highest character ;
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 349
and whatever the occasion, whether it related to the lecturer
or tea'cher, to the surgeon or physician, Dr. Smith could read-
ily exercise his whole moral force for the enlightenment of his
pupil, or the health of his patient.
*' The writer of these lines became his pupil in 1816 ; at-
tending him almost daily in his professional visits, to witness
his practice and listen to his clinical instruction."
After giving one or two instances of his quick diagnostic
ability and his highly successful practice, he continues :
"Dr. Smith was a great and good man. He never ap-
peared to toil for professional fame, but to do good to his
fellow-man : and in view of his virtues as a citizen and his
justly preeminent skill as a physician, one of his surviving
pupils of those early days, who now counts more than four-
score years, feels impelled to exclaim, Honored be the
memory of Nathan Smith, the founder, father, and for many
years the sustainer of the Medical Department of Dartmouth
College ; ever recognized by all his friends and acquaintances
and their name was legion as an honest man and most
useful citizen."
Professor Smith married successively, Elizabeth and Sarah,
daughters of Gen. Jonathan Chase, of Cornish, N. H. He
died at New Haven, Conn., where he had been some years a
professor in the Medical Department of Yale College, January
26, 1829.
A commemorative " Address," by Professor A. B. Crosby,
contains the following account of Professor Smith's successor :
" REUBEN DIMOND MUSSEY was born in Pelham, N. H.,
June 23, 1780. His father, Dr. John Mussey, was a respect-
able physician and an excellent man.
u Determined to have an education, although too poor to
immediately attain it, he labored on a farm in summer and
taught a school during the winter. This he continued to do
until, at the age of twenty-one, he entered the Junior class in
Dartmouth College, in the year 1801. He continued to teach
for his support while in college, and acquitted himself credita-
bly as a scholar, being reckoned in the first third of his class.
" He was graduated in August, 1803, and immediately be-
350 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
came a pupil of Dr. Nathan Smith, the founder of Dartmouth
Medical College. The following summer young Mussey taught
an academy at Peterborough, and studied with Dr. Howe of
Jaffrey.
" He completed his studies with Dr. Smith, sustained a
public examination, and read and defended a thesis on Dys-
entery. The degree of Bachelor of Medicine having been
conferred upon him in 1806, he commenced practice in Ips-
wich, now Essex, Mass. Here he practiced successfully for
three years, when he settled his business and went to Phila-
delphia, where he engaged in medical study for a period of
nine months. While at Chebacco, now Essex, Mass., he
married Miss Mary Sewall, who survived the marriage only
three years. He subsequently married Miss Hetty Osgood,
a daughter of Dr. Osgood of Salem, who served as a surgeon
in the army during the Revolution. Under the instruction of
Benjamin Smith Barton, he attended a full course of lec-
tures in the University of Pennsylvania, and was graduated
as a Doctor in Medicine in the year 1809. The professors
at that time were Rush, Wistar, Physic, Dorsey, Barton, and
Woodhouse.
" Drs. Chapman and James gave the course in Obstetrics.
Dr. Mussey here distinguished himself by a series of experi-
ments tending to rebut some of the generally received phys-
iological doctrines of the time.
" On his return from Philadelphia he settled in Salem,
Mass., and soon afterward formed a partnership with Dr.
Daniel Oliver, subsequently a professor in the Dartmouth
Medical College.
" These gentlemen gave popular courses of lectures on
Chemistry, in Salem, with great acceptance. Dr. Mussey
remained in this field between five and six years, and attained
a large practice during the last three years, averaging, it is
said, a fraction over three obstetric cases a week. He had
already distinguished himself as a surgeon, and in the autumn
of 1814 he was called to the chair of Theory and Practice at
Dartmouth. He gave in addition a course on Chemistry, most
acceptably to the students, and engaged in an extended and
a laborious practice.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 351
"In 1822, Dr. Mussey was appointed professor of Anatomy
and Surgery. Until the close of the session of 1838, he. held
this chair, and also lectured on Materia Medica and Obstet-
rics, to meet occasional exigencies in the college.
" In the summer of 1818 he lectured on Chemistry in the
college at Middlebury, Vt. In December, 1829, Dr. Mussey
left Hanover for Paris, where he remained several months.
He passed several weeks in London, visited the great hospi-
tals and museums, both there and in the provinces, and be-
came acquainted with many distinguished men.
" Not far from this time he was invited to fill the chair of
Anatomy and Surgery at Bowdoin College, which he did for
four years in succession. In 1836 and 1837, Dr. Mussey went
to Fairfield, New York, and gave lectures on surgery at the
Medical College in that place. During the year 1837 a pro-
fessorship was tendered him in New York city, Cincinnati, and
Nashville, Tennessee. He decided to accept the call to Cin-
cinnati, and for fourteen years was the leading man in the
Ohio Medical College. He then founded the Miami Medical
College, labored assiduously for its good six years, and then
retired from active professional life, though still retaining all
his ardor and enthusiasm for his chosen profession. At the
close of his professorial duties in 1858, Dr. Mussey removed
to Boston, where he spent the remainder of his life, and died
from the infirmities of age, June 21, 1866.
" He had ever been from his youth a consistent, devout
Christian, and his record is without spot or blemish.
" It was as a surgeon that Dr. Mussey came to be most ex-
tensively known. Both as an operative and a scientific sur-
geon he attained a national reputation.
" He cared not to make a figure, but to benefit his patient ;
not to gain gclat, but to save human life. He believed much
in skilled surgery, something in nature, but most of all in
God. So it transpired that on the eve of a great operation
he frequently knelt at the bedside, and sought skill and
strength and success from the great Source of all vitality.
We are told that the moral effect upon the patient, and the
peaceful composure that followed, were not the least of the
agencies that so often rendered his surgery successful.
352 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" But he was not content blindly to accept the dictum of
those who had gone before. Every principle was carefully
scrutinized, and whatever he believed to be false he did not
hesitate to attack, and so his name came to be associated with
surgical progress. As illustrative of this point, some instances
may be adduced.
"In the year 1830, and before that period, Sir Astley
Cooper had taught the doctrine of non-union in cases of intra-
capsular fracture, and it was generally accepted as an estab-
lished principle at that time. Dr. Mussey carried a specimen
to England which he believed showed the possibility of such
union taking place. Sir Astley on first seeing it said, " This
was never broken," but on seeing a section of the same speci-
men remarked, 4 This does look a little more like it, to be sure,
but I do not think the fracture was entirely within the cap-
sular ligament.' John Thompson of Edinburgh, on seeing it,
declared ' upon his troth and honor ' that it had never been
broken. This eminent surgeon, like the disputatious Massa-
chusetts Scotchman, 'always positive and sometimes right,'
was in this instance mistaken, as the principle advocated by
Dr. Mussey is now established.
" As a surgeon he was bold and fearless, ever willing to as-
sume any legitimate responsibility, even though it took him
into the undiscovered country of experiment. He did not do
this rashly, but only when the stake was worthy of the risk.
There is still living in Hanover a monument of Dr. Mussey's
pluck and skill. This man had a large, ulcerated and bleed-
ing naevus on the vertex of his head, which threatened a
speedy death. There seemed no way to relieve the patient
except by tying both carotids, which was regarded as an
operation inevitably fatal. The danger was imminent, and
as Dr. Mussey could see no way to untie the knot, he deter-
mined to cut it. He tied one carotid, and in twelve days tied
the other, following both operations in a few weeks with a re-
moval of the tumor. The recovery was perfect, and the case
was, we believe, the first recorded instance where both carotids
were successfully tied. This operation gave him great fame
both at home and abroad.
44 It is not my purpose to attempt an account of the surgery
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 353
done by this eminent man, only to touch on some of its salient
points. Thus he successfully removed an ovarian tumor, at a
time when the operation had been done only a few times in
the world. He removed a boy's tongue which measured eight
inches in circumference, and projected five inches beyond the
jaws, and the patient recovered.
" He removed the scapula and a large part of the clavicle
at one operation, from a patient on whom he had amputated
previously at the shoulder-joint. Dr. Mussey supposed that
this was the first operation of the kind [as it was in some
respects] in the history of Surgery.
" He several times removed the upper, and portions of the
lower, jaw. Dr. Mussey kept no extended records of his op-
erations, but I subjoin a few statements alike interesting to
us and creditable to him.
" He performed the operation of lithotomy forty-nine times,
and all the patients recovered but four. He operated for
strangulated hernia forty times, and with a fatal result in
only eight cases. He practiced subcutaneous deligation in
forty cases of varicocele, and all were successful. Dr. Mus-
sey operated four times for perineal fistula, twice for imper-
meable stricture of the urethra, and did a large number of
plastic operations with the best results. He also successfully
treated a recto-vaginal fistula.
" These are only a fraction of the innumerable operations
which he did, yet they show results such as the greatest sur-
geons in the world would be proud to declare.
" But it is not alone as a surgeon that Dr. Mussey attained
excellence. It was as an accurate observer that he early
made himself known to the medical world. The habit of his
mind was positive ; he respected authority, and to the latest
period of his life was assiduous in acquiring professional
knowledge from books no less than from observation. He
delighted to fortify himself in any given position by citing
authorities, and always showed that he had informed himself
exhaustively in the bibliography of the subject. Yet it was
his habit to subject every medical statement to the most rigid
tests. While pursuing his studies in Philadelphia, he joined
issue with Dr. Rush on some of the physiological doctrines
23
354 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
which were generally received at that .time. This distin-
guished man had taught the doctrine of non-absorption by
the skin. This was supposed to have been proved by an ex-
periment in which a young man, confined in a small room,
breathed through a tube running through the wall into the
open air, the surface of the skin being rubbed at the same
time with turpentine, asparagus, etc. As no odor of these
substances was perceptible in the secretions, it was inferred
that no absorption had taken place through the skin, and that
it was impossible. Dr. Mussey, believing this doctrine to be
fallacious, immersed himself in a strong solution of madder
for three hours. He had the satisfaction of getting unmis-
takable evidence of the presence of madder in the secretions
for two days, the addition of an alkali always rendering them
red. He repeated this experiment with the same result, and
made it the theme of a thesis on his graduation. Some of
the Faculty who differed with Dr. Rush on the subject were
much pleased with these experiments, and predicted even then
for our friend a distinguished career."
Professor Mussey died at Boston June 21, 1866.
We quote from Dr. J. W. Barstow's obituary notice in the
" New York Medical Journal," November, 1873, of Professor
Mussey's successor.
" DR. Dixi CROSBY, for thirty-two years professor of Sur-
gery in Dartmouth College, died at his residence in Hanover,
N. H., September 26, 1873. Dr. Crosby was born February
7, 1800, at Sandwich, N. H., of pure New England stock,
strong in the best Puritan element, where self-reliance, love
of justice, and unbending will, formed the basis of character
and the mainspring of action. His father's father was a
captain in the Revolutionary army, and served with two of
his sons at the battle of Bunker Hill. His maternal grand-
father (Hoit) was one of Washington's body-guard, and later
in life a judge of some distinction. His father, Dr. Asa
Crosby, who married Betsey Hoit, was a surgeon of eminence
in eastern New Hampshire. At the age of twenty, he en-
tered upon the study of Medicine in the office of his father.
" The practice of a country doctor in New Hampshire of
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 355
course embraced every department and variety of professional
work. But Surgery offered to young Crosby a special charm,
and the ardor with which he threw himself into this branch
of the profession showed early fruits. From the day when
he commenced his Anatomy, his practice and his study went
hand in hand. Fearless and original, ready in expedients
and ingenious in their use, he observed, he resolved, and he
acted.
" In the first year of his study he accompanied his father to
a consultation in the case of a man whose leg had been frozen,
and whose condition was most critical. It was agreed by the
older physicians that amputation at an earlier stage might
have saved the patient's life, but that it was now too late
to attempt it. Young Crosby urged that the operation be
performed, but the elders shook their heads. He even pro-
posed to attempt it himself ; but this was received with a
storm of disapproval, in which even his father joined, and the
thing was pronounced impossible. The doctors then departed,
leaving the student to watch with the patient during the few
hours which apparently remained of life. During the night
young Crosby succeeded in reviving the courage of the man
to make a last effort for life. The limb was removed, and
the man recovered.
" His second year of study developed still further the grow-
ing resources of the young surgeon. Upon one occasion both
father and son, while visiting a patient at night, in a distant
village, were suddenly called to a case of extensive laceration
of the leg, with profuse hemorrhage. The case was urgent,
and the patient was sinking. No instruments were at hand.
He called for a carving-knife, which he sharpened on a grind-
stone and finished on a razor-strap, filed a hand-saw, ampu-
tated the limb, dressed the stump, left the patient in safety,
and drove home with his father to breakfast. The man re-
covered.
" Before a nature so fearless, and so fertile in expedients,
obstacles speedily vanish, and young Crosby found himself in
possession of a large and responsible practice, even before
taking his medical degree, and at the early age of twenty-
three years. The following year (1824) he graduated in
356 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Medicine at Dartmouth (having passed his examination in
November preceding), and for ten years remained in Gilman-
ton, in practice with his father. He then removed to Mere-
dith Bridge, now Laconia, N. H., where he practiced for three
years ; and in 1838 was called to the chair of Surgery in Dart-
mouth College, then recently made vacant by the resignation
of the late Dr. Mussey. In this field Dr. Crosby found at
once full exercise for all his large resources of head and heart
and hand. As an instructor he was clear, direct, and definite,
imparting to his pupils his own zeal, and teaching them his
own self-reliance. 'Depend upon yourselves, young gentle-
men,' he invariably said. ' Take no man's diagnosis, but see
with your own eyes, feel with your own fingers, judge with
your own judgment, and be the disciple of no man.'
" In his class, he was courteous without familiarity, patient
with dulness, but quick to punish impertinence ; always kind,
always dignified, always genial. The practical view of a sub-
ject was the view which he delighted to take ; and the dry
humor with which he never failed to emphasize his point, at
once fixed it in the memory of the class, and made it available
for future use. With his office-students, Dr. Crosby was the
very soul of geniality and confidence. He saw and measured
men at a glance, and was rarely wrong in his estimate of
character. Strong in his own convictions, he was yet tender
of the infirmities and the prejudices of others, and his gener-
ous instincts lost no opportunity for their daily exercise.
" His love of nature was as instinctive and as thorough as
his knowledge of men. He transferred the treasures of the
woods to his own garden. He studied the habits of birds and
insects, and his parlors were adorned with a cabinet of Amer-
ican birds more complete than is often found in the museum
of a professed naturalist. He reveled in the ' pomp of groves
and garniture of fields,' and his daily drives through the
picturesque scenery of the Connecticut valley fed his aesthetic
taste, and proved a compensation for fatigue.
" Dr. Crosby, though a surgeon by nature and by preference,
was in no modern sense a specialist. His professional labors
covered the whole range of Medicine. His professorship in-
cluded Obstetrics as well as Surgery, and his practice in this
DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 357
department was exceptionally large. His surgical diocese
extended from Lake Champlain to Boston. .Distance seemed
no bar to his influence, and his professional journeys were
often made by night as well as by day. Of the special opera-
tions of Dr. Crosby we do not propose here to speak in detail.
It is sufficient to mention that, in 1824, he devised a new and
ingenious mode of reducing metacarpo-phalangeal dislocation.
In 1836 he removed the arm, scapula, and three quarters of
the clavicle at a single operation, for the first time in the
history of Surgery. He was the first to open abscess of the
hip-joint. He performed his operations, without ever having
seen them performed, almost without exception. Dr. Crosby
was not what may be called a rapid operator. ' An opera-
tion, gentlemen,' he often said to his clinical students, 'is
soon enough done when it is well enough done.' And, with
him, it was never done otherwise than well.
" At the outbreak of the rebellion, Dr. Crosby served in the
provost-marshal's office at a great sacrifice for many months,
attending to his practice chiefly at night. As years and
honors accumulated, Dr. Crosby still continued his work,
though his constitutional vigor was impaired by the severity
of the New Hampshire winters, and by his unremitting labor.
At length, having reached man's limit of three-score years and
ten, he withdrew from active practice, and in 1870 resigned
his chair in the college, to which his son succeeded. From
that time it was plain that Dr. Crosby's life-work was nearly
done. In his well-ordered and delightful home he found that
rest to which his long service in behalf of humanity entitled
him. His end was perfect dignity and perfect peace.
" To those of us who had been most intimately associated
with our departed friend, who had enjoyed his teachings, his
counsels, and his generous kindness, the news of his death
came as a heavy shock. But he still lives in the remembrance
of his distinguished services, in the unfading affection and
gratitude of his pupils, and in the many hearts whose burdens
he has lifted. Verily, * Extinctus amabitur idem ! ' '
Professor Crosby married Mary Jane, daughter of Stephen
Moody, of Gilmanton, N. H.
358 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
The following paragraphs relating to one of Dartmouth's
most eminent professors, the esteemed classmate of President
Bartlett, who says : " Outside of my own family circle, I had
no better friend," are from the pen of Dr. T. A. Emmet, of
New York.
" EDMUND RANDOLPH PEASLEE was born at Newton,
New Hampshire, January 22, 1814. We have no record of
his boyhood, or of his life previous to graduating from Dart-
mouth College, with the class of 1836. In this institution he
occupied the position of tutor from 1837 to 1839, when he en-
tered the Medical Department of Yale College and took his
degree in 1840.
" The following year he settled in Hanover, N. H., and
commenced the practice of his profession. Without waiting
in expectation, he began his busy life by delivering a popular
course of lectures on Anatomy and Physiology.
" These lectures indicated so clearly his talents that, in
1842, but two years after entering the profession, he was ap-
pointed professor of Anatomy and Physiology in the Medical
Department of Dartmouth College, and retained the office
until his death. Within a year afterwards, in 1843, he was
appointed lecturer, and shortly afterwards professor of Anat-
omy and Surgery in the Medical School in Maine, connected
with Bowdoin College. He filled those two professorships
until 1857, when he gave up Anatomy, but continued to lec-
ture on Surgery until 1860. Dr. Peaslee first came to the
city of New York in 1851, on receiving the professorship of
Physiology and General Pathology in the New York Medical
College, then just being established.
" This position he held for four years, when he was trans-
ferred to the chair of Obstetrics, and continued to lecture on
this branch until the institution was closed about 1860. He,
however, did not settle in New York, to the practice of his
profession, until 1858. After 1860, he mainly devoted himself
to his practice, lecturing little except during the summer or
autumn course in Dartmouth College. But to do justice to
his subject and compress the whole subject into the space of
some six weeks, this being his time of recreation from business,
he always delivered at least two lectures a day and frequently
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 359
more. In 1870, he was elected one of the Trustees of his
Alma Mater, which had in 1859 conferred on him the degree
of Doctor of Laws. From 1872, he delivered a course of lec-
tures in the Medical Department on the Diseases of Women.
Two years afterwards, the course on Obstetrics and the Dis-
eases of Women in the Bellevue Hospital Medical College
was divided, when Dr. Peaslee was offered and accepted the
chair of Gynaecology. At about this date he also occupied
for a short time a professorship in the Albany Medical School.
On the reorganization of the Medical Department of the
Woman's Hospital of the State of New York, in 1872, he was
made one of the Attending Surgeons, and held this position,
together with his professorship in the Bellevue Hospital Med-
ical College, at the time of his death.
" In 1857, he published in Philadelphia, ' Human Histology,
in its Relations to Descriptive Anatomy, Physiology, and
Pathology,' in which were given for the first time, by transla-
tion, the experiments of Robin and Verdell on Anatomical
Chemistry. But the one great work which will identify
him with his generation is that on ' Ovarian Tumors, their
Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment, especially by Ovariot-
omy,' published in New York, 1872. To this work he con-
tributed but little original matter, beyond his personal ex-
perience, which had been large at that time. He, however,
presented a digest of the whole subject in so thorough and
masterly a manner that this work is destined to be a classic
and a landmark as it were. It will be the future starting-
point for the literature of this subject, as an original patent
is in the searching of a title. There will be no need to go be-
yond his researches on this subject, as they are exhaustive.
" For one feature in his work he has often expressed the
greatest satisfaction, that he had been able to establish for
Dr. Ephraim McDowell the credit of being the first ovarioto-
mist. In consequence of his labors, the world has at length
given us credit for this great discovery, of no less value than
many others which we can claim to have originated in our
country, for the prolongation of life and for the mitigation of
suffering.
" Dr. Peaslee, at some time in his life, had lectured on
360 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
every branch of Medical science. With the exception of Dr.
Physic, we have not another instance where the lecturer was
equally proficient in the practice. But if we compare the
extent of professional knowledge in Dr. Physic's generation
and the acquirements of the present day, Dr. Peaslee will
stand alone. Notwithstanding the incessant claims of his
profession, he kept up through life his collegiate training in
the classics, his taste for mathematics, and had acquired the
knowledge of one or more modern languages. Few men in
the profession were more familiar with the literature of our
own language."
Dr. W. M. Chamberlain, who had rare opportunities for
appreciating the character and worth of Dr. Peaslee, says :
" The call for a sketch of Dr. Peaslee's professional life and
work will be abundantly satisfied by the recorded tributes of
his more immediate colleagues and associates, Drs. Barker,
Thomas, Emmet, Flint, and others. These are but a part of
the testimony which after his death came from far and near.
Wherever men were gathered for the study and discussion of
medical subjects it was felt that a fountain of knowledge was
closed, a leader of opinion was gone, and they made haste to
acknowledge their obligations and their loss. He was a mem-
ber of many such organizations, and almost uniformly advanced
to the front rank in position.
" President of the New Hampshire Medical Society ; of the
New York County Medical Society ; the American Gynae-
cological Society ; the New York Academy of Medicine ; the
New York Pathological Society ; the New York Obstetrical
Society ; the New Yprk Medical Journal Association, etc., etc.,
he reaped all the honors. Yet no one ever thought of him
as a seeker of office. The tribute was always spontaneous,
necessary : c Palmam qui meruit ferat ! '
" And these honors were not awarded for any great effort
or success in some partial field. He was decorated for ser-
vice in each specific line, as Physician, Surgeon, Pathologist,
Gynaecologist, Bibliographer. His attainments were compre-
hensive and symmetrical.
" He had the very great advantage of a liberal general edu-
cation. This gave him his broad outlook upon all depart-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 361
ments of science. He had by nature a mathematical and
logical habit of mind. This made him the accurate and con>
plete student that he was, both in original investigations and
literary research. At the outset of his career he sought the
best schools. Just then (1840) reigned a new enthusiasm in
the physical and experimental study of the MedicaJ. Sciences
at Paris. Laennec, Andral, Louis, Malgaigne, Velpeau, and
Bernard, were the worthy models and masters of the young
American.
" Thus well-endowed, well-grounded, and well-guided, he
entered upon a life of professional study, which he pursued
with unremitting ardor and diligence even to the end of life.
" It would seem to be a great thing to say of any man that
he was never idle, and never unprofitably employed ; but it
might be more justly said of Dr. Peaslee than of any other
person known to the writer. He wasted no work. His con-
clusions were not reached by intuition or guess, but slowly
and surely elaborated, exactly formulated and classified, so as
to be always at his command.
" More than any other member of the profession known to
the writer did he illustrate each clause of Bacon's category,
that ' Reading maketh the full man ; writing the exact man ;
and conversation the ready man.'
" From the first he was an agreeable and satisfactory
teacher, year by year, increasingly so ; this work he did for
thirty-six years ; in six Medical Colleges, in five different de-
partments of the curriculum, before nearly a hundred different
classes of students. Such training, such practice, made him a
teacher in every professional circle. In societies he was wont
to be a silent and often apparently an abstracted listener until
near the close of the debate ; then he would rise and review
the whole subject with a memory so comprehensive, a knowl-
edge so complete, and an appreciation so judicial, that nothing
more remained to be said. His books and monographs for the
time and era of their publication were standard, and will al-
ways remain exceptionally valuable. Only the lapse of many
years may antiquate but never stale his elegant work on
4 Ovarian Tumors,' of which one of his most famous compeers
has said that he would 4 rather have written it than any other
medical work of any time or in any language.'
362 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" In his personal relations to the members of the profes-
sion, Dr. Peaslee was genial, charitable, and just. His patients
looked to him in perfect confidence and respect, personally as
well as professionally. He was as remarkable for the diligent
care as for the thorough study of his cases ; and at every
visit he dispensed with gentle humor the best medicines, faith
and hope.
44 From youth through middle life he passed in the light of
growing knowledge ; in the serenity of accomplished duty ;
in the prestige of gathering fame and fortune ; and he died
before age or decay had limited his scope of life."
Prof. Peaslee married Martha Thankful, daughter of Hon.
Stephen Kendrick, of Lebanon, N. H. He died in New York
City, January 21, 18T8.
Reliable sources furnish some facts regarding another gen-
tleman long and honorably connected with this Department.
PKOF. ALBERT SMITH, M. D., LL. D., was born in Peter-
borough, N. H. He graduated at Dartmouth College, in 1825,
and took his medical degree there, in 1838. He was early suc-
cessful as a practitioner, and before middle age acquired a
high reputation as a medical scholar and thinker.
In 1849, he was appointed professor of Materia Medica and
Therapeutics in the Dartmouth Medical College, where he
continued to lecture till his resignation, in 1870, from which
time until his death he was professor Emeritus. In 1857, he
delivered his course of lectures at the Vermont Medical Col-
lege, and also the course at the Bowdoin Medical School, in
1859.
The honorary degree of LL. D. was conferred on him by
Dartmouth College, in 1870, and also an honorary degree of
M. D. by the Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 1875. He
was also an honorary member of the New York Medical So-
ciety. As a medical instructor he was included in the first
rank of New England professors. His writings also gained
him a wide and enviable reputation. Among his publications
were a lecture on Hippocrates ; also one on Paracelsus, and a
commemorative Discourse on the death of Dr. Amos Twitchell,
besides various articles in the medical journals and in the
transactions of the New Hampshire Medical Society.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
With high professional attainments and distinctions Prof.
Smith united a personal character of the highest purity, in-
tegrity, and nobility. He had been for a long time a member
and constant attendant upon the Unitarian Church, and for
thirty years a Sunday-school teacher. He was a strong advo-
cate of temperance, and took a deep interest in the cause of
education. He represented Peterborough, his place of resi-
dence, in the Legislature several times. He devoted the spare
hours of his latest years to the preparation of a " History of
the Town of Peterborough," which was published in a large
octavo volume in 1876. He married Fidelia Stearns, February
26, 1828. Prof. Smith died at Peterborough, February 22,
1878.
The following paragraphs relating to one of Dartmouth's
most largely endowed, highly cultivated, and warmly beloved
teachers, Prof. ALPHEUS B. CROSBY, who was born at Gil-
manton, N. H., February 22, 1832, and was the son of Dr.
Dixi and Mary Jane (Moody) Crosby, are from a Memorial
"Discourse" by Dr. J. W. Barstow :
" Seven generations of tough New England fibre, combining
sturdy physique, thorough individuality and undiluted com-
mon sense, form a groundwork on which no modern youth
need hesitate to build, while the mellow background of a vir-
tuous lineage well prepares the canvas for whatever of high
aim and noble deed shall fill up the fresher foreground of his
own life's picture.
" The native temperament of the boy, as I remember him,
showed some rare combinations and counterpoises. With an
exuberance of animal spirits 'he had, also, a natural balance of
caution. He was ardent, but not hasty ; he was self reliant
and fearless, but never precipitate ; frank and affable, though
not easily won by a stranger ; fond of experiment, but also in-
tensely practical. He was prompt to decide, but always took
time for detail, and pursued perseveringly to the end what-
ever engaged his attention and his effort.
" His constant association with his father, and with his
father's friends, made the boy perfectly at home in the office
and in the society of professional men ; and almost from his
364 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
cradle he was accustomed to assist in minor operations and
in the general detail of a student's service. Being a discreet
lad, he often accompanied the elder Crosby in professional
visits ; and thus the face of the ' parvus lulus,' became, early,
as familiar as that of the 4 pater ^Eneas,' and grew, later, to
be as welcome.
" When chloroform in Surgery was first introduced, Dr.
Dixi Crosby went to Boston to study its effects, and was one
of the first surgeons in New Hampshire to employ it in his
practice. Young Ben was then a school-boy of fifteen. His
father, with full confidence in the coolness and self possession
of his son, at once commenced training him as an assistant for
the administration of the anaesthetic ; teaching him to watch
the pulse and respiration, and to note all the necessary con-
ditions for its safe employment. And from this time, even
long before our friend commenced the systematic study of his
profession, he assisted his father, and administered the chloro-
form in many important operations, sometimes even making
long journeys for the purpose. It is interesting to add, also,
that in all the years of their practice together, and in all their
operations, performed under the use of chloroform, there never
occurred a single accident from its administration.
" On graduating at Dartmouth, in 1853, our young friend
pursued his medical studies in the office of his father. He
attended lectures both at Dartmouth and at the College of
Physicians in New York City, and served for one year as in-
terne in the U. S. Marine Hospital at Chelsea, Massachusetts.
With the exception of these necessary absences from home,
he gave every day of these preparatory years to the assist-
ance of his father in his wide and 'laborious practice. To this
course he was stimulated no less by filial ardor than by his
growing professional zeal.
" His medical degree was taken at Dartmouth, in 1856, and
instead of beginning to practice, we may say that he contin-
ued to practice with his father in Hanover, going in and out
as a favorite, both with patients and in society.
" Immediately on receiving his medical degree, Dr. Crosby
was appointed demonstrator of Pathological Anatomy in the
Dartmouth Medical College, an office which he ably filled for
five years.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 365
" At the outbreak of the rebellion, in 1861, he was appointed
surgeon of the first regiment New Hampshire Volunteers, for
three months' service. This being concluded, he was at once
commissioned as Brigade Surgeon of U. S. Volunteers, and
soon after promoted to the rank of Medical Director, serving
as such on the staffs, successively, of Generals Stone, Casey,
Sedgwick, and Peck. His army service was marked by the
same strong individuality, the same resolute activity, the same
executive talent, which we have seen stamped upon the boy
and the youth. Added to all those other qualities, was that
same genial humanity which made friends of every one. His
brother officers trusted him, depended upon him, and loved
him. The private soldiers idolized him, for they saw his quick
and constant sympathy for them, and knew that his large and
loving heart embraced them all in its tender care.
"In the noble record of his army service, let us not 'forget,
that to our lamented friend belongs the credit of having orig-
inated and erected the first complete military hospital on the
modern 4 pavilion plan ' that was built during the war of the
rebellion.
" This hospital was visited and admired by surgeons through-
out the army, as a model of complete ventilation and drain-
age. Its plans were extensively copied, and the record of its
usefulness is preserved in the archives of the War Depart-
ment.
" In all his widening range of work and of social activities
says Professor Parker, c his large heart seemed as incapable
of being overloaded with friendships as it was inexhaustible in
its overflowing friendliness. His personal magnetism held
fast old friends, while the keen points of his magnetic nature
constantly caught new affinities and drew to him fresh inti-
macies.'
" In the autumn of 1862, he was appointed adjunct professor
of Surgery in Dartmouth, and from that time forward his
honors, literally, outran his years.
" The number of his appointments to professional chairs in
different institutions, is something beyond precedent in the
history of any young American practitioner.
" In 1865, he was invited to the chair of Surgery in the
366 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
University of Vermont, and in the same year to a similar chair
in the University of Michigan.
" Both these positions he accepted, and ably filled for sev-
eral years.
" In 1870, on the resignation of his honored father at the
age of threescore and ten, Dr. Ben was at once called to the
chair of Surgery in Dartmouth, and entered upon its duties,
still continuing to perform full duty in both his other profes-
sorships. He also delivered a course of surgical lectures in
Bowdoin College, Maine, during the same year.
" In 1871, he received the appointment of Surgical professor
in the Long Island Medical College, in the city of Brooklyn,
which he accepted, together with the post of visiting surgeon
in the hospital to which the college was attached. His work
during this period was extremely arduous, but was performed
with the utmost ability and credit.
" In 1872, he was invited to a professorship in the New York
University, and also to another (that of Surgical Anatomy) in
Bellevue Hospital Medical College in New York City. The
former of these he declined, but he accepted the latter and
retained it until his death.
" In 1873, Dr. Crosby was invited by the Trustees of Jef-
ferson Medical College, Philadelphia, to accept the chair of
Anatomy, on the resignation of the distinguished Dr. Pan-
coast.
" This, though not accepted, may be reckoned the crowning
honor in his wreath of professional laurels."
For all the qualities which distinguish the model physician,
surgeon, teacher, and companion, few names, in all the annals
of Medicine, stand higher than that of ALPHEUS BENNING
CKOSBY.
Professor Crosby married at Baltimore, Md., Mildred Glas-
sell, daughter of Dr. Wm. R. Smith. He died at Hanover,
August 9, 1877.
In closing this record the valuable services of Parsons, Del-
amater, Bartlett, Holmes, Hubbard, Roby, Williams, Phelps,
Field, How, and Frost should not escape our notice.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
THE CHANDLER SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT. THE AGRICUL-
TURAL DEPARTMENT. THE THAYER DEPARTMENT OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING.
THE following account of the Chandler Scientific Depart-
ment of the college is from the pen of Professor Ruggles and
other authentic sources.
The building formerly occupied by Moor's Charity School
is now occupied by this Department.
Extracts from Mr. Chandler's will give us an idea of the
department of instruction which he wished to establish.
" I give and devise the sum of fifty thousand dollars ....
for the establishment and support of a permanent department
or school of instruction in the college, in the practical and use-
ful arts of life, comprised chiefly in the branches of Mechan-
ics and Civil Engineering, the Invention and Manufacture
of Machinery, Carpentry, Masonry, Architecture and Draw-
ing, the Investigation of the properties and uses of the Mate-
rials employed in the Arts, the Modern Languages and Eng-
lish Literature, together with Book-keeping, and such other
branches of knowledge as may best qualify young persons for
the duties and employments of active life ; but, first of all
and above all, I would enjoin in connection with the above
branches, the careful inculcation of the principles of pure
morality, piety, and religion, without introducing topics of
controversial theology, that the benefits of said department
or school may be equally enjoyed by all religious denomina-
tions without distinction
" To the end that my wishes in respect to the foregoing leg-
acy may be observed, I do hereby constitute a perpetual Board
of Visitors, consisting of two persons, who shall, during the
368 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
term of their respective lives, visit the said department or
school as often as they shall deem it necessary and advisable
to do so, and at least once in each year one or both of said
Visitors shall examine the condition of its funds, and the
management and disposition of the same, as well as the man-
agement of the said department or school generally
" The said Board of Visitors shall have full power to deter-
mine, interpret, and explain my wishes in respect to this
foundation ; to redress grievances, both with respect to pro-
fessors and students ; to hear appeals from the decisions of
the Board of Trustees, and to provide remedy upon complaint
duly exhibited in behalf of the professors or students ; to re-
view and reverse any censure passed by said Trustees upon
any professor or student on this foundation ; to declare void
all rules and regulations made by said Trustees relative to this
foundation, which in their opinion may be inconsistent with
my wishes as herein expressed, or improper or injudicious ; to
take care that the duties of every professor or other officer
on this foundation be intelligently and faithfully discharged,
and to admonish or remove such professor or officer either for
misbehavior, incapacity, or neglect of the duties of his office ;
to examine into the proficiency of the students, and to ad-
monish, dismiss, or suspend any student for negligence, con-
tumacy or crime, or disobedience to the rules hereafter to be
established for the government of said school or department ;
and to see that my true intentions in regard to this founda-
tion be faithfully executed.
" And in order that said Board of Visitors may not be lim-
ited in their powers by the foregoing recital, I further confer
upon the said Board of Visitors all the visitatorial powers and
privileges, which, by the law of the land, belong and are in-
trusted to any Visitor of any eleemosynary corporation
" As I have perfect confidence in the integrity and ability of
my two esteemed friends, John J. Dixwell and Francis B.
Hayes, both of Boston, aforesaid, and as I know their capac-
ity to perform what I desire they should do under this pro-
viso of my will, I constitute and appoint them to be the first
Board of Visitors."
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 369
The committee appointed to draw up the plan for the or-
ganization of the school consisted of Rev. Dr. Nathan Lord,
Hon. Joel Parker, and Edmund Parker, Esq.
No special meeting of the Trustees was called, as had been
contemplated, and the committee made their report at the
regular meeting, July 26, 1852, and on the next day the fol-
lowing statutes were adopted :
" ARTICLE I. In accordance with the will of the late Abiel
Chandler, Esq., " the Trustees of Dartmouth College by this
and the following statutes, constitute and organize a school of
instruction in connection with the college and as a department
thereof, and the said school is denominated ' The Chandler
School of Science and the Arts.'
" ARTICLE II. The school shall consist of two departments,
Junior and Senior. These departments shall be conducted
respectively by such officers and according to such rules and
regulations as the Trustees shall from time to time appoint
and ordain, with the advice and approval of the Board of
Visitors, and in subjection always to the will of the Founder.
" ARTICLE III. In the Junior department of the school, in-
struction shall be given in the English language, in Arith-
metic and Algebra, in Book-keeping, Physical Geography,
Linear Drawing, Geometry, Physiology, Botany, Graphics
and use of Instruments, and in such other elementary studies
as may be necessary to qualify students for the Senior de-
partment.
"ARTICLE IV. The Senior department shall comprise the
branches of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, the Invention
and Manufacture of Machinery, Carpentery, Masonry, Archi-
tecture and Drawing ; the Investigation of the Properties and
Uses of the Materials employed in the Arts, the Modern Lan-
guages and English Literature, together with Book-keeping
and such other branches of knowledge as may best qualify
young persons for the duties and employments of active life,
according to the will and injunction of the Founder.
" ARTICLE VII. The term of study in the Junior depart-
ment shall be one year, and in the Senior department two
years.
" ARTICLE VIII. All students who shall have been admit-
24
370 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
ted to the Senior department and sustained a satisfactory ex-
amination at the end of the course before a committee of
gentlemen from abroad appointed by the Faculty, shall be
entitled to the degree of Bachelor of Science."
Hon. John Kelley and Samuel Fletcher, Esq., having been
appointed a committee to consider the question of opening the
school, made the following report :
" The Chandler Fund appears to be safely invested and
productive. It is therefore recommended, the school shall be
opened for instruction at the commencement of the next Col-
lege Term, and more fully organized as soon as a sufficient
number of students shall offer themselves for admission. But
as an experiment is to be made, it is not expedient to appoint
professors and other teachers, until experience shall prove
what teachers shall be required. In the mean time it is rec-
ommended that examination of students presenting them-
selves for admission to the school be made by some member,
or members of the Faculty, by the direction of the President,
and that the Faculty be a committee to make suitable pro-
vision for rooms and instruction until further orders of this
Board."
The following resolution was then passed :
" Resolved, That the Chandler School be opened at the
commencement of the next College Term."
We give the following extracts from the By-laws which
were drawn up by Hon. Joel Parker, and Rev. Silas Aiken,
D. D., of Rutland, Vt. :
" VACATIONS. In the Senior department the terms and
vacations shall be coincident with the terms and vacations in
the academical department of the college. In the Junior
department there shall be four vacations, one of four weeks,
from Commencement, one of two weeks in the winter, and
one in the spring and autumn of one week each.
u TUITION. Every student in the Senior department shall
be charged ten dollars each term, or thirty dollars for the
year, including all necessary incidentals. In the Junior de-
partment the tuition shall be twenty dollars for the year, or
five dollars for each term. The bill of every term shall be
paid in advance, and no student shall be permitted to " go
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 871
on with his class without an exact compliance with this
statute.
" GOVERNMENT. In other respects the government of the
Chandler School shall be administered according to the By-
laws of the college, as now established, so far as those laws
may be applicable ; and until the wants of the School may be
more definitely ascertained, the regulation thereof in things
not otherwise provided for is submitted to the discretion of
the College Faculty."
In the autumn of 1852, the school was organized, and
seventeen students admitted, two to the Senior and fifteen to
the Junior class. James W. Patterson, who was a student in
the theological school at New Haven, was elected tutor, and
the new institution placed in his charge. In July, 1854, Mr.
Patterson was elected Chandler Professor of Mathematics,
and during the college years 185253, and 185354, in addition
to the general management, gave nearly all the instruction in
the Chandler School, at the same time discharged the duties
of a tutor of Latin in the college proper. In 1854, the first
class, consisting of four members, was graduated.
On the death of Professor Stephen Chase, in 1851, John S.
Woodman had succeeded to the chair of Mathematics. In
1855, Professor Woodman resigned, to enter on the practice
of law in Boston, and Mr. Patterson was elected in his place.
During the next year he continued at the head of the Chand-
ler School, and gave the instruction in Mathematics, and
allied branches, in addition to his duties as professor of Math-
ematics in the Academic Department.
In 1856, Professor Woodman was appointed professor of
Civil Engineering, and succeeded Professor Patterson in the
care of the Chandler School, in which from its opening he
had given some instruction. This position he held until 1870,
when he was forced to resign on account of failing health, and
was succeeded by Professor Edward R. Ruggles, who had oc-
cupied the chair of Modern Languages and English Literature
since 1866. At the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees
in 1857, it was voted that, " The regular course of study in
the Chandler School of Science and the Arts, from the pres-
ent time, shall comprise a term of four years."
372 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
In 1862 the name Chandler School of Science and the Arts
was changed to Chandler Scientific Department of Dartmouth
College.
The character and usefulness pf the Scientific Department,
from its foundation to the present time, may best be learned
by studying the career of its graduates in successive classes.
It will be observed, that the first class of this school grad-
uated less than twenty- five years since, and yet in that brief
period, its sons have made for it an honorable record ; a rec-
ord which should bring to it patronage and impart to its
students a spirit of scholarly pride and emulation. It might
not be deemed proper to go into a detailed account of the
labors and successes of individuals among its living graduates,
but it is only fair to this comparatively youthful department
of the college, to say that as lawyers, teachers, scientists, en-
gineers, architects, and in other spheres of practical science,
its sons have made for themselves a wide and enviable reputa-
tion. The age demands that its institutions of learning shall
impart a scholarship that will bring the forces of nature under
the control of man, and render the student more efficient in
all the industries and business enterprises of the time.
Experience has shown that the Scientific Department of
Dartmouth is organized to meet this demand, and is in full
and intelligent sympathy with the wants of modern society.
From the first its teachers have been able and untiring in
their devotion to its permanent prosperity and welfare, and
its success has justified their efforts and zeal.
AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.
The New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Me-
chanic Arts was established by an act of the State Legislature
in 1866. We give the act as recorded in the Revised Statutes :
" SECTION 1. A college is established and made a body pol-
itic and corporate, by the name of the New Hampshire Col-
lege of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, whose leading
object is, without excluding other scientific and classical stud-
ies, and including military tactics, to teach such branches of
learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts,
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 373
in conformity to an act of Congress entitled ' An act donat-
ing land to the several States and Territories, which "may
provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the me-
chanic arts, approved July 2, 1862 ;' and by that name may
sue and be sued, prosecute and defend to final judgment and
execution, and is vested with all the powers and privileges,
and subject to all the liabilities, incident to corporations of a
similar nature.
" SECT. 2. The general government of the college is vested
in nine Trustees, five of whom shall be appointed, one from
each councillor district, and commissioned by the Governor,
with advice of the council, and four-by the Trustees of Dart-
mouth College, so classified and commissioned that the offices
of three shall become vacant annually ; any vacancy occurring
shall be filled by the authority which made the original ap-
pointment.
" SECT. 3. The Trustees shall appoint a secretary, who shall
be sworn, and keep a fair and full record of their proceedings ;
and a treasurer, who shall give bond for the faithful discharge
of his duties, in such sum as the Trustees may require, and
shall receive such compensation for his services as they may
deem reasonable. They shall also appoint a Faculty of instruc-
tion, prescribe their duties, and invest them with such powers
for the immediate government and management of the insti-
tution as they may deem most conducive to its best interests.
" SECT. 4. No Trustee shall receive any compensation for
his services; but expenses reasonably incurred by him shall
be paid by the college.
" SECT. 5. The Trustees shall, on or before the twentieth
day of May, annually, make report to the legislature of the
financial condition, operations, and progress of the college,
recording such improvements and experiments made, with
their cost and results, including State, industrial, and eco-
nomical statistics, as may be supposed useful; one copy of
which shall be transmitted to each college endowed under the
provisions of the aforesaid act of Congress, and one copy to
the Secretary of the Interior.
" SECT. 6. The Trustees are authorized and empowered to
locate and establish the college at Hanover, in connection with
374 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Dartmouth College, and, with that Corporation, to make all
necessary contracts relative to the terms of connection, subject
to be terminated upon a notice of one year, given at any time
after fourteen years, and in relation to its furnishing to the
college the free use of an experimental farm, all requisite
buildings, the libraries, laboratories, apparatus, and museums
of said Dartmouth College, and for supplying such instruction,
in addition to that furnished by its professors and teachers, as
the best interests of its students may require ; and also as to
any legacy said Dartmouth College may receive from the
estate of David Culver. Said Trustees are also directed to
furnish, so far as may .be practicable, free tuition to indigent
students, and to make provision for the delivery of free lec-
tures in different parts of the State upon subjects pertaining
to agriculture and the mechanic arts.
" SECT. 7. All funds derived from the sale of land scrip
issued to the State by the United States, in pursuance of the
act of Congress aforesaid, shall be invested in registered bonds
of the State or of the United States, which shall be delivered
to the State treasurer, who shall have the custody of the same,
and pay over the income thereof, as it may accrue, to the
treasurer of the college."
The great work of securing the requisite funds, and laying
foundations for this by no means unimportant Department,
was committed to the late Professor EZEKIEL W. DIMOND.
His early experience in affairs gave him peculiar fitness for
this service. Whether occupied in interviewing legislators
and capitalists, or in the planning and erection of edifices, he
labored in season and out of season for the accomplishment of
his task, and with large success. When the Department went
into operation he was one of its principal teachers, and in this
sphere he left upon his pupils the impress of a well-read chem-
ist and a devotee to his profession. To his efforts, probably
more than to those of any other single individual, is New
Hampshire indebted for whatever of success has been attained
in this department. Indeed, should the Agricultural College
leave its stamp upon the " steep and sterile hillsides/' or the
more prolific valleys of the Granite State, as it is devoutly
to be hoped that in process of time it may, no name probably
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 375
will be so familiarly associated with the history of its early
struggles for existence as that of DIMOND.
Nor were Professor Dimond's services to science limited
to this department of the College.
In the Academical and Scientific departments his name
appears in the list of zealous, painstaking teachers.
Professor Dimond's death in 1876, while yet apparently
upon the threshold of a work to which he gave Ms life, was
a public loss.
Of Professor THOMAS R. CKOSBY, Professor Quimby says :
" Entering college in 1839, in the Sophomore class, he be-
stowed faithful labor on the whole course, while at the same
time he did not forget his favorite studies of Medicine and
Natural History. Pursuing these in his leisure hours, he
was fitted to take the degrees of A. B. and M. D. at the same
time, in 1841. With this preparation he entered at once
upon the practice of medicine as his life-work, first at Camp-
ton, afterward at Hartford, Vt., Meriden, and Manchester.
He was one of the active men in originating the Hillsborough
Agricultural Society. He had a hand in organizing the State
Society, and in preparing the first volume of the Society's
Transactions. Nearly at the same time the above society was
originated, the publication of the " Granite Farmer " was
commenced, and Dr. Crosby was employed to edit it, in which
position he did well. He was for a time city physician of
Manchester, and came near being elected its mayor. His
health having failed in some measure, he removed to Norwich,
Vt., the home of his wife's family. For ten years he lived
in Norwich and Hanover, engaged in such teaching and prac-
tice and study as his health would permit. When our coun-
try called for aid in the war of the rebellion he believed
it his duty to consecrate his knowledge of Medicine and skill
in Surgery to her, and to the noble men who exposed them-
selves to sickness and wounds in her cause. Upon entering
the service he was immediately put in charge of the Colum-
bian College Hospital, in Washington. He assumed the re-
sponsibilities of the position with the determination that the
men who came under his charge ' should have their rights,'
and faithfully did he carry into execution his purpose. He
376 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
remained in charge of this Hospital until after the close of the
war and the sick and wounded were able to be transferred to
their homes. The next year he was appointed professor of
General and Military Surgery and Hygiene in the National
Medical College, it being the Medical Department of Colum-
bian College, which position he filled until 1870. On the
opening of the State Agricultural College here, an institution
in which he was particularly interested, he was appointed
professor of Animal and Vegetable Physiology, in which, and
in Natural History in the Academic Department, he taught
almost literally till the day of his decease. When unable
to meet his classes in their recitation-room he received them
in his own study, and there heard their recitations, the last
less than forty-eight hours before his death. Thus he fell
4 with the harness on.' "
THAYER, SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING.
Of this department Professor Fletcher says :
" Between the years 1867 and 1871, General Sylvanus
Thayer, of Braintree, Massachusetts, by donations amounting
in the aggregate to seventy thousand dollars, made provision
for establishing in connection with the college a special course
of instruction in Civil Engineering. ' The venerable donor,
himself a distinguished officer of the U. S. Corps of Engineers,
was moved to this munificence, not only by a regard for his
Alma Mater, but also by a desire to provide for young men
possessing requisite ability a thorough and exclusively pro-
fessional training.'
" The school was organized during the winter and spring
of 1871, by Professor Robert Fletcher, under the immediate
direction of General Thayer. The general character and aim
of the course are indicated by the following quotation from
the Instrument of Gift : 'The requisites for admission to the
school shall be of a high order, embracing such studies, at
least, as are specified in a paper to be hereto appended, called
4 Programme A,' bearing my signature, which programme
shall be regarded as an absolute minimum, and which may,
in the discretion of the Board of Overseers, created by the
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 377
5th article of this Instrument, be extended, but not dimin-
ished or contracted in the least degree.'
" c 2. The course of study shall extend through at least two
years, and the duration of the course may be further extended
so as to include another half year, should three or more
members of the Board of Overseers judge, after a fair trial
of the two years' course, such further extension to be ex-
pedient. The studies and instruction of each year shall
extend continuously from September first to July first fol-
lowing.' ' :
" Instruction was begun to a regular class of the engineer-
ing course, September, 1871. During the preceding months
of the year preparatory instruction had been given. From
1871 to 1873, a preparatory course of two years was contem-
plated, and during the year 1872-3 was maintained in con-
nection with the higher course. Meanwhile the detailed
statement of requisites for admission, styled ' Programme A,'
was prepared by Professor Fletcher, under supervision of
General Thayer, and with the aid of several professors emi-
nent in the various subjects which it includes. These require-
ments embrace all the branches of a common school education,
a full course of pure Mathematics and a thorough course in
Physics, including theoretical Chemistry and Astronomy. The
high standard thus established justified the following an-
nouncement in the College ' Catalogue.' c The department is
to be essentially, though not formally, post-graduate. The
course of study is to be of the highest order, passing beyond
what is possible in institutions for general culture, and is de-
signed to prepare the capable and faithful student for respon-
sible positions and difficult service.' It was intended that the
Preparatory Department should provide instruction in the
subjects embraced in ' Programme A.'
" The decease of General Thayer in October, 1872, deprived
the School of his personal supervision. The general direction
of its affairs then devolved on the Board of Overseers consti-
tuted by his Instrument of Gift and appointed by himself.
At that time the Board consisted of Rev. A. D. Smith, D. D.,
LL. D., president of Dartmouth College, Prof. O. P. Hub-
378 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
bard of New Haven, formerly at Dartmouth College, Prof.
George L. Andrews, of the U. S. Military Academy, Gen.
John C. Palfrey, C. E., of Lowell, Massachusetts, and Prof.
P. S. Michie, of the U. S. Military Academy. The last
three gentlemen had been officers in the U. S. Corps of Engi-
neers.
" At its first meeting in May, 1873, the Board decided that
it would not be expedient for some time to come to maintain
such an auxiliary as a Preparatory Department. It was found
that the limited means provided by the founder would allow
the attainment of his high ideal only by working within com-
paratively narrow limits. Without attempting to cover too
broad a field, a high standard and thorough work were to be
essential features of the course.
" The Board of Overseers holds a meeting at Dartmouth
College annually, when it examines carefully into the work-
ing of the school, its financial condition, etc., and adopts any
measures promising to effect improvement and secure greater
efficiency, according to the powers conferred upon it by the
Instrument of Gift. The Board also examines the students
and recommends such members of the first class as it finds to
be qualified, to the Trustees of Dartmouth College for the
degree of Civil Engineer.
" The first class which completed the two years' course
graduated in 1873. The class of 1877 was the fifth sent out
by the school. At that time the whole number of graduates
was thirteen. There had been, besides, two who left for pro-
fessional engagements after the first year of study. The
graduates have nearly all obtained honorable positions in the
line of the profession soon after graduation, with fair pros-
pects for distinction.
" The nature of the course is such that a large corps of in-
structors is not required. Careful training and drill in essen-
tial and fundamental branches is the aim. Considerable time
is devoted to out-door practice but without attempt to make
experts in any direction. Accordingly, temporary employment
in a professional line is allowed at proper times, such as will
conduce to the student's improvement and be more or less re-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 379
niunerative. Thus it is expected that the student will be fitted
to advance rapidly and successfully in any ' specialty ' to
which he may subsequently devote his efforts.
" The school is now hardly in full operation, as some
features about the course are still experimental. It has its
history yet to make.*"
380 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
CHAPTER XXIX.
BENEFACTORS. TRUSTEES.
FROM various authentic sources we have the following
sketches of Dartmouth's leading benefactors, always except-
ing the last Royal Governor of New Hampshire, John Went-
worth, whose care for all the interests of the Province is a
matter of enduring record. Of the distinguished person in
honor of whom the College was named, the following account,
published in 1779, is from " Collins' Peerage " :
" William, the present and Second Earl of Dartmouth, for
his more polite education, traveled through France, Italy, and
Germany ; and, on his return to England, took the oaths, and
his seat in the House of Peers, on May 31, 1754. His Lord-
ship was sworn of His Majesty's Privy Council on July 26,
1765 ; in August following he was appointed first Commis-
sioner of Trade and Plantations, which he resigned in 1766 ;
in August, 1772, he was appointed Secretary of State for the
Colonies ; and on November 10, 1775, Keeper o the Privy
Seal.
" His Lordship married, on January 11, 1755, Frances Cath-
arine, only daughter and heir of Sir Charles Gunter Nicholl,
Knight of the Bath ; and by her had issue eight sons and one
daughter.
" His Lordship is also President of the London Dispensary ;
Vice-President of the Foundling and Lock Hospitals ; Re-
corder of Litchfield ; LL. D., and F. R. S."
The armorial inscription is :
" GAUDET TENTAMIKE VIRTUS."
Forbes' Life of Dr. Beattie gives the following interesting
paragraph :
" His Majesty (George III.) asked what I thought of my
DAETMOUTH COLLEGE. 381
new acquaintance, Lord Dartmouth. I said, there was some-
thing in his air and manner which seemed to me not only
agreeable, but very enchanting, and that he seemed to me to
be one of the best of men ; a sentiment in which both their
majesties heartily joined. 4 They say that Lord Dartmouth
is an enthusiast,' said the king, * but surely he says nothing
on the subject of religion but what every one may and ought
to say on the subject of religion.' "
Of JOHN THORNTON, the devout Episcopalian, the kinsman
of Wilberforce, and the most munificent of Dartmouth's
early benefactors, almost the sole supporter of the founder for
several years, Rev. Thomas Scott, in a memorial " Discourse"
says:
" It is worthy of observation, that this friend of mankind,
in the exercise of his beneficence, not only contributed his
money (which often is done to very little purpose) but he
devoted his time and thoughts very much to the same object ;
doing good was the great business of his life, and may more
properly be said to have been his occupation, than even his
mercantile engagements, which were uniformly considered as
subservient to that nobler design.
" To form and execute plans of usefulness ; to superintend,
arrange, and improve upon those plans ; to lay aside such as
did not answer, and to substitute others ; to form acquaint-
ance, and collect intelligence for this purpose ; to select
proper agents, and to carry on correspondence, in order to
ascertain that his bounties were well applied : These and
similar concerns were the hourly occupations of his life, and
the ends of living, which he proposed to himself ; nor did he
think that any part of his time was spent either happily or
innocently, if it were not some way instrumental, directly or
indirectly, to the furtherance of useful designs."
" ABIBL CHANDLER was a native of Concord, N. H. In
his childhood his parents removed to Fryeburg, Maine, where
he labored on a farm till he was twenty-one years of age.
He was graduated at Harvard College in 1806, and spent the
next eleven years in teaching at Salem and Newburyport,
Mass. To the good reputation which he had previously
gained as a student, he added that of an excellent preceptor.
382 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
A little later he commenced a mercantile life at Boston. He
was of the house of Chandler and Howard, and afterwards
Chandler, Howard, and Company, for more than a quarter of
a century, when he retired with a fortune. To numerous
relatives he made liberal bequests, with great delicacy and
judgment. After his legacy to the college, the residue of his
property was bequeathed to the New Hampshire Asylum for
the Insane.
" The origin of Mr. Chandler's endowment of the Scientific
School is referable to an incident that occurred to him when
a young man at Fryeburg. He fell in company with some
students of Dartmouth College, and he was impressed by
their superiority to himself. He conceived the purpose of
being himself a scholar, and he fulfilled it. When, after a
few years of honorable industry as a teacher he became a
merchant, he saw himself, though now a scholar, ignorant, to
a great extent, of the principles and methods of mercantile
life. Whereupon he set himself to a new variety of learning.
He gained it, and with it gained a fortune. But he saw other
men around him, in different spheres, suffering as he had
done from a similar want of knowledge, merchants, traders,
ship-masters, artisans, farmers, laborers.
" The Chandler School is the ripened fruit of a well-consid-
ered purpose to benefit mankind. He had confidence in the
importance of his object, the integrity of his aims, and the
wisdom of- his advisers. He bestowed his charity with a
hearty good-will, and left the event with God."
" JOHN CONANT was born in Stowe, Mass., in 1790. His
family descended from the French Huguenots who were
driven into England by Louis XIV. His father was an in-
dustrious and successful farmer. In the district school he
was taught the merest rudiments of an English education.
In after years, by the aid and sympathy of an intelligent and
well-educated wife, he fitted himself to write for the public
journals, to lecture on temperance and agriculture, and to
perform with credit and honor the duties of important official
stations, in town and State. His leisure hours were devoted
to study. He collected a small private library of choice books
in history, biography, and science, and made them the com-
panions of rainy days and winter evenings.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 383
" At the age of twenty-six, he purchased a farm in Jaffrey,
under the shadow of ' the great Monadnock,' on which he
labored for thirty-five years, and gathered ' a plentiful estate.'
This was accumulated by means of those home-bred virtues,
industry, prudence, and economy ; for he never, in a single
instance, increased his wealth by speculation.
" When the New Hampshire Insane Asylum was occupying
the public attention, he contributed liberally to its endow-
ment, and was at one time president of its Board of Trustees,
being sole superintendent of the first buildings that were
reared.
" Turning his thoughts toward the rising academy at New
London, Mr. Conant proposed to add to its literary and
scientific departments an agricultural school. He ascertained,
however, that his whole estate would be inadequate to the
work, and, after making generous donations to the academy,
he turned his attention to the Agricultural College at Han-
over.
" In his endowment of this institution, along with other
things, he has provided a model farm for the college, and
founded a scholarship for each town in Cheshire County,
twenty-two in all, with an additional one for Jaffrey.
" Mr. Conant was through life a liberal contributor to pub-
lic enterprises, and a supporter of the gospel, and for twenty
years was an active member of the Baptist Church."
Boynton's History of West Point gives the following valu-
able paragraphs relating to SYLVANUS THAYER, by whose
munificence to the cause of education he has laid his Alma
Mater and his native town under lasting obligations :
" Brevet-major Sylvanus Thayer, of the Corps of Engineers,
on July 28, 1817, assumed command as superintendent of the
West Point Military Academy, and from this period the com-
mencement of whatever success as an educational institution,
and whatever reputation the Academy may possess, at home
or abroad, for its strict, impartial, salutary, elevating, and dis-
ciplinary government, must be dated. Major Thayer was an
early graduate of the academy. He had served with dis-
tinction in the War of 1812, and had studied the military
schools of France, and profited by the opportunity to acquire
384 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
more complete and just views concerning the management of
such an institution than were generally entertained by educa-
tional and military men of that day. The field before him
was uncultivated ; the period was one when rare qualifications
for position were not considered valueless ; and, blessed with
health, devotion to the cause, and firmness of purpose, he was
permitted to organize a system, and remain sixteen years to
perfect its operation.
" Immediately after entering upon his duties, the Cadets
were organized into a battalion of two companies, with a
colonel of Cadets, an adjutant, and a sergeant-major, for its
staff ; and within the year he created a ' Commandant of
Cadets/ to be an instructor of tactics.
" The division of classes into sections, the weekly rendering
of class reports, showing the daily progress, the system and
scale of daily marks, the establishment of relative class rank
among the members, the publication of the Annual Register,
the introduction of the Board of Visitors, the check-book sys-
tem, the preponderating influence of the 'blackboard,' and
the essential parts of the Regulations for the Military Acad-
emy, as they stand to this day, are some of the evidences of
the indefatigable efforts of Major Thayer to insure method,
order, and prosperity to the institution. When relieved, at
his own request, the upward impetus given to the institution
had attracted general observation."
General Thayer evidently believed that " peace hath her
victories " as well as war, and nobly acted in accordance with
his intelligent, earnest convictions.
" JOEL PARKER was born at Jaffrey, N. H. After study-
ing in the academy at Groton, where the late President James
Walker was one of his schoolmates, he entered the Sophomore
class at Dartmouth College in February, 1809, at the early
age of thirteen, and graduated in 1811, not yet seventeen years
of age. After his graduation he studied law at Keene, and
with his brother Edmund at Amherst, and entered the bar of
Cheshire County, at the October term in 1817, at the former
place, where he at once engaged in practice.
In the year 1821, contemplating a change of residence, he
visited the West, and was admitted to practice in the Circuit
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 385
Court of the United States at Columbus, Ohio, in January,
1822 ; but, fortunately for his native State, returned in the
latter year, and devoted himself assiduously to his chosen
pursuit.
Free from domestic cares, affianced only to his profession,
he early gained an honorable position by the steady exercise
of natural abilities well adapted to its pursuit. He was in-
dustrious, thorough, minute, painstaking, cautious, persistent,
and untiring. " Judge Parker's mode of practice in the trial
of cases," writes an early professional associate, who still
enjoys a ripe and honored age, " to take down the testimony in
full of the witnesses in writing, and to cross-examine them at
great length as to all the circumstances they might know rel-
ative to the case, contributed greatly to change the previous
practice of the witness' first telling his story of what he
knew, followed by a brief cross-examination, with only a few
notes, made by the counsel, of the leading points of the testi-
mony."
Of Judge Parker's judicial life in New Hampshire, Charles
Sumner, in 1844, wrote: "It will not be unjust to his asso-
ciates to distinguish Mr. Chief Justice Parker as entitled
to peculiar honor for his services on the bench. He may be
justly regarded as one of the ablest judges of the country."
The event which brought Judge Parker more conspicuously
before the public, and undoubtedly contributed justly and
largely to give him a wide and established reputation for
vigor, independence, learning, and capacity, was his contro-
versy with Mr. Justice Story of the Supreme Court of the
United States in regard to the proper construction of a clause
it might even be said the meaning of a word [lien] in
the Bankrupt Law of 1841 ; a controversy which became po-
litical in other hands, and threatened to reach the magnitude
of a conflict between the United States and New Hampshire.
After the experiences of this generation, such a collision
seems trifling ; but it involved subjects of grave importance,
and was a contest between no insignificant combatants, not
without interest at this day to a student of common or con-
stitutional law.
25
386 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
It began in 1842, when Story and Parker were each in the
full vigor of judicial life, and enthusiastic crowds of -young
men were learning the science of the law from Story's lips.
It ended seven years after, when Story had passed away, and
Parker was lecturing where Story taught, to young men who
now revere the memory of both. He had laid aside the honor
and labors of the office which required him to engage in the
struggle ; and, in the first year of his service as a professor
in the school to whose success and reputation Story had
so largely contributed, the court which Story had adorned
declared the survivor victorious. Like Entellus, he might
say,
" Hie victor cestus artemque repono."
The eminent service rendered to the country and the age,
by Judge Parker, while Royall professor of Law at Cam-
bridge, forms a material part of our national history.
RICHAKD FLETCHER was a native of Cavendish, Vt.
Having graduated at Dartmouth, in 1806, he studied law
with Daniel Webster, and commenced practice in Salisbury,
N. H. In 1819 he removed to Boston, where he shortly took
rank with the very first of legal advocates.
His biographer says : " While in practice before the courts
his presence ever commanded the utmost respect. Of good
form, of handsome and expressive features, and of most gentle-
manly and pleasing address, with his great learning and un-
tiring industry, it is not strange that he should have succeeded
at the bar and on the bench.
" He was an orator of great power, fluent and elegant in
diction, bright and sparkling in thought, keen and quick in
repartee.
" His care not to be engaged in unworthy causes was a
matter of note.
"In political life he found little that suited his tastes,
although at different times a member of both the State and
National Legislatures.
" Mr. Fletcher was a sincere Christian. His religion was
not so much of the aggressive kind, nor did he often urge his
views upon others ; but it pervaded his entire character, and
shone out in all his actions. In his will he made a provision
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 387
for publishing biennially, a prize essay adapted to impress
4 on the minds of all Christians a solemn sense of their duty
to exhibit in their godly lives and conversation the beneficent
effects of the religion they profess, and thus increase the effi-
ciency of Christianity in Christian countries, and recommend
its acceptance to the heathen portions of the world.' "
Few of Dartmouth's alumni have manifested a more affec-
tionate, steadfast devotion to their Alma Mater, than Mr.
Fletcher.
TAPPAN WENT WORTH was the son of Isaac Went worth, of
Dover, N. H., and was born there February 24, 1802, and
died in Lowell, June 12, 1875. His father was a poor man,
a boatman running a freight-boat between Dover and Ports-
mouth.
He was sent first to common schools till he reached the
classical school where he studied Latin in a class with the late
John K. Young, D. D., Dr. George W. Kittredge, and Hon.
John H. White, but was taken from school after having read
two books of Virgil. Judge White says : " Tappan was a good
scholar, energetic and relf-reliant. I was in the Latin class
with him, and was told by the father that he was too poor to
keep him in school." He then spent about three years in
Portsmouth, in a North End grocery store.
From Portsmouth he went to South Berwick, Me., into the
stores of the late Benjamin Nason and Alphonso Gerrish, suc-
cessively, as clerk. He there attracted the attention of Hon.
William Burleigh, a then member of Congress from York
district, by a spirited article he had written in favor of Mr.
Burleigh's reelection. Mr. Burleigh now offered to take him
as a law student, and the young clerk entered upon the study
of law, and was admitted to the bar in York County in 1826.
After seven years' successful practice in his profession in South
Berwick and Great Falls, he came to Lowell, bringing some
seven thousand dollars with him.
He now seemed to form his life plan of work, professionally
and financially, diligence in his profession and all possible
investments in real estate. At his death his $7,000 had
swollen into nearly $300,000, during his forty-five years of
Lowell life.
388 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
During these years he became a leading member of his
profession, was often in offices of trust in city affairs, at dif-
ferent times in both houses of the Legislature, and a member
of Congress from 1853 to 1855.
After assigning "pride of ancestry and name " as one reason
for Mr. Wentworth's munificence to Dartmouth, Judge Crosby
says:
*' Another reason for the gift to the college is found in his
appreciation of the value, the power, and the beauty of educa-
tion. He had had hard experience in relation to it. He had
hungered for it when he could not get it. He had obtained it
in limited departments, by hard work, at great odds and under
great embarrassments, when other claims must be postponed
in its behalf. And as he looked over our college studies he
found many branches he had never pursued and could not ap-
proach."
" The fund is not given for scholarships, professorships,
libraries, or buildings. It is given for the support of the in-
stitution, to make instruction independent, learned and cheap ;
given to invite the youth to come here, and to give them the
best opportunities of cultivation at lessened expense, to lay
foundations of learning and mental enlargement for any de-
partment in life. It will maintain ten learned professors or
twenty tutors, or give 20,000 volumes of books annually, as
the honorable Trustees shall think the demands of the college
require.
" It may enlarge, repair, or ornament these grounds ; it may
be turned into laboratories, museums of natural history, or
art; it may raise the curriculum to higher studies and ex-
tended courses. It is not restrained by his personal judgment
and direction in the future, but left to the better judgment of
living mind."
Should Dartmouth ever lose her maiden name, she would
not hesitate in regard to the new one.
WILLIAM REED was born at Marblehead, Mass. Com-
pelled to abandon the hope of a public education, he after-
wards engaged in mercantile pursuits, which he followed with
great energy and activity and with a good degree of success.
Having by his untiring energy and perseverance, and by
DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 389
his strict habits of economy come into possession of a con-
siderable amount of property, he devoted the latter part of
his life to philanthropic and benevolent purposes.
As a citizen he was distinguished for activity, public spirit
and true patriotism. The many marks of attention and re-
spect which he received from his fellow-citizens evinced the
high estimation in which he was held by the community.
In 1811 he was elected to a seat in the Congress of the
United States, a station which he filled for four years with
honor to himself, with satisfaction to his constituents, and
with advantage to his country.
While the cause of Foreign Missions received the largest
share of his Christian sympathies and the largest amount of
his charitable donations, yet he was deeply interested in all
the benevolent operations of the day. His sound judgment
was sought in the management of various public institutions.
In 1826 he was elected a member of the Board of Visitors of
the Theological Seminary at Andover, and occupied that
station until his death. He was for several years a Trustee
of Dartmouth ; also of Amherst.
DK. GEOEGE CHEYNE SHATTUCK was born in Templeton,
Mass., in the year 1783, in the sixth generation from
William Shattuck, who was born in England in the year
1621, and died in Watertown, Mass., in the year 1672,
Dr. Benjamin Shattuck graduated at Harvard College in
1765, and having studied medicine, settled in Templeton.
His youngest son inherited thirteen hundred dollars, and
this sufficed for his support, fitting for college, and col-
lege and Medical education, commenced at Hanover and
continued in Philadelphia and Boston, with such addition as
he was able to make by school-keeping. There were no public
conveyances when he went from Templeton to Hanover, and
he bought a horse on which he rode to Hanover and then sold
it, taking the pay in board. He received f four degrees from
his Alma Mater ; the first in the year 1803 and the last, of
Doctor of Laws, in 1853. He settled in Boston in the year
1807, and for the space of forty-seven years devoted himself to
the practice of his profession. He secured the esteem, respect
and affection of his patients, and gathered a handsome estate.
390 DAETMOUTH COLLEGE.
He gave liberally to his Alma Mater for an Observatory, for
books, and for portraits of distinguished alumni. He founded
a professorship in the Medical Department of Harvard Uni-
versity and endowed scholarships in the Academical Depart-
ment. He gave liberally to various charities during his life-
time, as well as to public institutions, and the poor and needy
never appealed to him in vain. He died in Boston in the
year 1854, in the profession of the faith in which he had been
educated both at home and at college.
GEOKGE H. BISSELL was born at Hanover, N. H. He is
descended from a family of Norman-French origin, which
came from Somersetshire, England. His mother came of
Belgic and Holland descent. One of his ancestors was the
first settler at Windsor, Ct., in 1628. The late Gov. Clark
Bissell, of Connecticut, and Gov. William H. Bissell, of Illi-
nois, were relatives. In 1846, after successful teaching else-
where, on the organization of the High School in New Orleans
Mr. Bissell was elected its first principal over many compet-
itors. Subsequently he was chosen superintendent of the
public schools in that city. His remarkable administrative
abilities and high qualifications as a scholar were of great
service in his onerous position. The schools reached a disci-
pline and prosperity before unknown. He is also a member
of the legal profession.
In the development of petroleum Mr. Bissell was a leading
pioneer; perhaps he justly deserves the preeminence in this
great work. Mr. Bissell is a self-made man. We quote a
portion of his letter to President Smith, announcing his mu-
nificent donation for a gymnasium :
" In acceding to your wishes, my dear sir, I can but recall
that day, now twenty years since, when, leaving Dartmouth,
alone and unaided, I felt that ' Tentanda via est, qua me quoque
possim tollere humo.'
" It affords me unqualified pleasure now to be able to grat-
ify a wish then cherished, to aid in some degree my Alma
Mater, and in that manner which you assure me is the most
effectual."
u GEN. DAVID CULVEK was born in Lyme, N. H. In the
year 1832 he left the parental roof, and after a residence in
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 391
Hartford, Conn., and New York City, for some years, where
in both cities he was actively engaged in lucrative business
pursuits, he returned to his beautiful ancestral home in Lyme,
in 1855. The residue of his years he spent in pleasant agri-
cultural life, on the old farm of his strongly-endeared child-
hood, memory, and attachment. In the rural district of this
home he was ever apparently content arid happy, and, much
to his praise, seemed greatly beloved by his neighbors. His
townsmen many times by their united suffrage ga,ve him im-
portant offices of public trust and confidence. Of the Con-
gregational Church of Christ, in Lyme, he was for many years
a highly valued helping member, and for the gospel ministry
was a liberal supporter, giving of his means in so quiet a man-
ner that he appeared not to wish his good deeds blazoned to
the world.
" For the needy, suffering poor of his personal acquaintance,
especially the helpless poor, he had a sympathizing heart, and
so deeply pitied them, in many instances, as to greatly allevi-
ate their sufferings by ministering pecuniarily to their relief.
" To the cause of general education in the community,
elementary, common, agricultural, and collegiate, he was
always a warm-hearted, deeply-interested friend. In many
instances, to aspiring youth in indigent circumstances, who
were striving after the acquisition of the needful knowledge
to prepare themselves and others for usefulness, he has been
known to bestow pecuniary assistance to aid them on their
way.
" And so agreeably bland was he in his mode of conferring
his favors, as to greatly augment the value of them, and at
the same time heighten the esteem of the recipients for the
donor." Outside of her alumni Dartmouth had few warmer
friends than General Culver.
SAMUEL APPLETON was a native of New Ipswich, N. H.
His enterprise and his liberality have given his name a con-
spicuous place in New England history. We append a portion
of one of his letters to President Lord, which shows his gener-
ous appreciation of liberal culture.
" It affords me much pleasure to have it in my power to do
something for the only college in my native State which has
392 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
done so much to establish a sound literary character in the
country. Dartmouth has done her full proportion in educating
for the pulpit, the bar, the healing art, and the senate, good
and great men who have done honor to their names, to the
college, and to the country."
In closing this record, we can only allude to other leading
benefactors, among whom are John D. Willard, who gave to
Dartmouth some of the fruits of his busy, earnest life. Sal-
mon P. Chase, loyal to his Alma Mater to the last. John
Wentworth, who still lives to witness her work. Henry Bond,
loving her scarcely less than his kindred, " according to the
flesh." Frederick Hall, who gave his money, and what he
valued more. John Phillips, whose name will live as long as
Dartmouth, or Andover, or Exeter, shall exist. Israel Evans,
the patriot divine, who cherished for Washington and Wheel-
ock similar affection. Aaron Lawrence, the conscientious
Christian merchant. Jeremiah Kingman, the busy agricul-
turist, who cultivated his mind as well as his fields. Mrs.
Betsey Whitehouse, the parishioner of Abraham Burnham,
by whose labors her valuable Christian and general character
was largely moulded, and E. W. Stoughton, who fully real-
izes the close connection between a healthy body and a sound
mind.
The services of Dartmouth's Trustees should not be passed
over in silence.
We give a statement of the character of the Board half a
century ago, when the College was in " middle life," from
JMr. William H. Duncan.
" Of the members of that Board, there was ELIJAH PAINE,
of Vermont, who had received his appointment as District
Judge of the United States for the District of Vermont from
Washington, a graduate from Harvard, 4 a Roman of the
Romans,' one who would have done honor to Rome in her
noblest and best days for the purity, integrity, and elevation
of his character. CHARLES MARSH, who held for many years
the unchallenged position of the leader of the bar in Vermont,
a cousin of that giant in the law, Jeremiah Mason, whom he
greatly resembled in many of his intellectual characteristics,
a high-toned gentleman, and a devout and reverend be-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 393
liever in Christianity. MOSES P. PAYSON, a graduate of the
College, of the class of 1793, a lawyer of courteous and ele-
gant demeanor, and of high social position. Judge EDMUND
PARKER, a sound lawyer, a man of good sense, and excellent
judgment, and above all a man of unspotted character, a
brother of the distinguished ex-Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court of New Hampshire. ISRAEL W. PUTNAM, D. D., a
graduate of the class of 1809, so long and so favorably known
in New Hampshire as a clergyman. JOHN H. CHURCH,
D. D., a graduate from Harvard, a man of apostolic solemnity
and dignity of character, whose praise is in all the churches.
JOHN WHEELER, D. D., an accomplished scholar, afterwards
President of the University of Vermont. BENNETT TYLER,
who was still a Trustee, although he had resigned his position
as president, a man of commanding dignity of presence, an
unrivaled logician, and one of the best pulpit orators it has
ever been the good fortune of the writer to listen to. Judge
SAMUEL HUBBARD, of Boston, one of the best lawyers of
New England, who for many years was the rival and the peer
of the leaders of the Suffolk Bar. When on the bench of
the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, he was numbered among
her most eminent jurists, and was ranked with Fletcher and
Shaw. He was a man of the finest sensibilities, and a devout
and reverent Christian. MILLS OLCOTT, of the class of 1790,
who had been the Secretary and Treasurer of the College be-
fore he was a Trustee, whose father had served before him
for twenty years in the same capacity, a man of remarkable
sagacity and enterprise in business affairs, of assured social
position, and of great elegance and dignity of manner.
" And of this body of men was EZEKIEL WEBSTER, the
elder brother of Daniel, a man of remarkable intellectual en-
dowments ; in sagacity and judgment, in the opinion of those
who knew them both, fully equal to his distinguished brother,
well read, as all the gentlemen of the old school were, in the
old English authors ; a profound lawyer, and, at times when
he could be prevailed upon to speak, as eloquent as his
brother ; of commanding personal presence, which in no way
can be so well described as by borrowing a Homeric epithet,
for he was truly a ' king ' among * men.'
394 DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" Such was the body of men whose grave and majestic air
used to impress the writer of this sketch, when the Com-
mencements came round, in his college days, with the same
feeling of awe and reverence with which the barbarians were
inspired when they first looked in upon the Roman Senate,
supposing that they were looking upon an assembly of kings."
If to these we add the names of the eminent men who were
the colleagues of the founder, and of Nathaniel Niles, Jona-
than Freeman, Thomas W. Thompson, Stephen Jacob, Tim-
othy Farrar, Samuel Bell, Asa McFarland, Seth Payson, Sam-
uel Prentiss, George Sullivan, John Aiken, William Reed,
Samuel Delano, Samuel Fletcher, Nathaniel Bouton, Silas
Aiken, Joel Parker, Richard Fletcher, and the honored Gov-
ernors of the State, we are fully impressed with the fact that
the interests of the college have been in the keeping of wise
and prudent guardians.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 395
CHAPTER XXX.
LABORS OF DARTMOUTH ALUMNI. CONCLUSION.
As Dartmouth was founded as an evangelizing agency, and
every stone was laid in firm reliance upon Him to whom all
was consecrated, there was good ground of hope that it would
be a strong and durable pillar in the great temple of Christian
learning. Its record is a realization of the hopes of its noble
and devoted founders.
In his " Narrative " for 1771 (p. 29) Dr. Wheelock, allud-
ing to the period immediately following his removal to Hano-
ver, says : " there were evident impressions upon the minds of
a number of my family and school which soon became univer-
sal, insomuch that scarcely one remained who did not feel a
greater or less degree of it, till the whole lump seemed to be
leavened by it, and love, peace, joy, satisfaction and content-
ment reigned through the whole. The 23d day of January
(1771) was kept as a day of solemn fasting and prayer, on
which I gathered a church in this college and school, which
consisted of twenty-seven members."
His biographer, writing early in the present century, says :
" The college has been repeatedly favored with remarkable
religious impressions on the minds of the students. These
showers of divine grace have produced streams which have
refreshed the garden of the Lord, and made glad the city of
our God. The young men in this school of the prophets
have, at these seasons, been powerfully and lastingly affected ;
they have gone forth as 4 angels of the churches ; ' the work
of God has prospered in their hands ; many of their people
have been turned to righteousness."
Of President Tyler's administration it is said that the most
remarkable thing was " a powerful revival of religion." All
396 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
the later decades have been marked by manifestations of the
Divine presence in the college. Scarcely a year has passed
in which some of its members have not joyfully consecrated
intellect and heart and life to the service of Him who gave
them.
Not a few have been " bright and shining lights " in
the church. Of JESSE APPLETON, Rev. Dr. Anderson says :
" I have been placed in circumstances to see much of not a
few great men in the Church of Christ, but I have been con-
versant with only a few, a very few, whose attributes of
power seemed to me quite equal to his. The clearness of his
conceptions was almost angelic. If I am fitted to do any
good in the world, I owe what intellectual adaptation I have
very much to his admirable training, especially as he took us
through his favorite Butler."
Few American divines have had a wider or more varied
sphere of influence than Dr. Appleton's classmate, EBENE-
ZER PORTER, a pioneer in sacred Rhetoric, one of the origina-
tors of the American Tract Society, the most prominent of
the founders of the American Education Society, which he
adopted as his child and heir, the beloved and honored first
president of the oldest Theological Seminary in the United
States.
Of SAMUEL WORCESTER, the distinguished opponent of
Channing, we have the following valuable record : " When
the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
was formed, his labors as the Corresponding Secretary, with
the whole system now in operation for the conduct of mis-
sions abroad, required the same processes of original evolu-
tion and determination of principles and rules, as so signally
characterized the formation of our Federal government. Here
was displayed his peculiar, if we may not say his transcend-
ent, power among his eminent associates. The great value
of * the Constitution of the Board, as a working instrument,'
' the nicely adjusted relations of the voluntary and ecclesias-
tical principles,' the ' origination of what is peculiarly excel-
lent in the Annual Reports, and also in the Instructions to
Missionaries,' and the 4 American idea ' of ' organizing the
missions as self-governing communities,' are justly ascribed
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 397
to him by the present senior Secretary, [Dr. Anderson] as
conclusive witness of his extraordinary 4 sagacity ' and of his
being far 4 in advance of the age.' ' ;
PHILANDER CHASE could found parish and diocese and
seminary with equal facility, performing a work for the Epis-
copal Church in America unrivaled by that of any contem-
porary.
Nor should we overlook such names as Asa Burton, teacher
of teachers in theology, who could successfully measure swords
with Emmons ; Samuel Wood, whose impress never left the
mind of Webster ; Daniel Story, a pioneer of Marietta ; Mase
Shepard, Jonathan Strong, Walter Harris, Ethan Smith,
Alvan Hyde, William Jackson, Rufus Anderson, the honored
father of a not less honored son ; John Fiske, Abijah Wines,
Eliphalet Gillett, whose .home missionary zeal in Maine made
a lasting impression upon the rising state ; Kiah Bailey, who
first effectually moved the springs which gave to the same
State the Bangor Theological Seminary ; John Smith, an earn-
est and honored teacher in that Seminary ; Theophilus Pack-
ard, whose pupils have performed honorable service for the
Master in both hemispheres ; Peter P. Roots, Bezaleel Pinneo,
Asa McFarland, Caleb Jewett Tenney, a leading founder of
the East Windsor (now Hartford) Theological Seminary ;
Thomas A. Merrill, Abraham Burnham, George T. Chapman,
John Brown, Daniel Poor, the pioneer in Christian learning
in Ceylon and Madura ; Austin Dickinson, to whom the world
is under large obligations for a higher type of periodical
literature; Levi Spaulding, the worthy coadjutor of Poor;
Nathan W. Fiske, Daniel Temple, who carried the first mis-
sionary printing-press to Western Asia, and made for classic
lands a Christian literature ; William Goodell, the leading
founder of two flourishing Christian missions on heathen soil,
and the translator of the whole Bible into the Armeno-Turkish
language ; Ephraim W. Clark, John S. Emerson, and Austin
H. Wright, of similar spirit; Benjamin Woodbury, Aaron
Foster, a leading founder of the American Home Missionary
Society, and John K. Lord, whose early death in the Queen
City of the West, was as the falling of " a standard-bearer."
To these we might add many eminent living heralds of the
398 DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. '
cross, and a Hovey and a Townsend in leading Theological
Seminaries. We cannot more fitly close on this head than by
remarking that of the last forty-four subjects in the second
volume of Sprague's invaluable " Annals of the Pulpit,"
eleven were Dartmouth alumni, while all the others, save
eight, numbered her alumni among their teachers.
Dartmouth has an honorable record in the various depart-
ments of Law and in statesmanship. Most naturally we dwell
upon the name of DANIEL WEBSTER, towering in strength
and grandeur, like the mountain beside which he was""born,
amid the surrounding granite, who left the impress of his
genius upon the jurisprudence of his native State, upon the
Constitution of his adopted State, and upon nearly every con-
spicuous page of America's civil or political history for half
a century ; who loved Plymouth Rock and Bunker Hill with
an undying affection, dwelling alternately beside the one or
the other ; who cherished as the apple of his eye his Alma
Mater and the nation for whose service she had prepared him ;
who in early life and middle life and old age advocated the
universal brotherhood of man, whether pleading in behalf of
the oppressed African, or the oppressed Greek, or the op-
pressed Hungarian ; who gave all his sympathy and all his
influence in aid of every pursuit, enterprise, and institution
which could ennoble the human race ; who made all other
human law pay homage to the Constitution of his country, and
all human law to the Divine Revelation ; who gave to Dart-
mouth a more enduring fame throughout America, and to
America a more enduring fame over the whole earth : of LEVI
WOODBUEY, who as Governor of his native State clearly com-
prehended and carefully regarded its various interests ; as a
Senator commanded the profound respect of the National Leg-
islature ; as a Cabinet minister, inaugurated " a series of re-
forms which pervaded the whole department, and penetrated
to every branch of the service," and who upon the Supreme
Bench of the United States gave judicial opinions which are
44 monuments of patient research, ripe, and rarely erring judg-
ment, enlarged and liberal views, and eminent attainments : "
of THADDEUS STEVENS, of whom his biographer says :
u Thoroughly radical in all his views, hating slavery with all
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 399
the intensity of his nature, believing it just, right, and expedi-
ent, not only to emancipate the negro but to arm him and
make him a soldier, and afterward to make him a citizen,
and give him the ballot, he led off in all measures for effect-
ing these ends. The Emancipation Proclamation was urged
upon the President by him, on all grounds of right, justice,
and expediency ; the Fourteenth Amendment to the Con-
stitution was initiated and pressed by him : " of Rurus
CHOATE, who combined in more majestic and graceful propor-
tions than any other American lawyer, the ripe scholar and
the successful advocate ; who with the beauty and power of
his language could captivate a jury, a popular audience, or
the American Congress with equal facility ; who gave to
English literature some of its most brilliant gems, and who in
his immortal eulogy upon Webster, in the opinion of compe-
tent judges, gave to the world one of the most finished and im-
pressive examples of elegiac eloquence to which it has listened
since the days of Pericles : and of SALMON P. CHASE, who,
when our government needed, gave to it the " sinews of war,"
and in the eloquent language of Evarts, " Whether by inter-
posing his strong arm to save Mr. Birney from the fury of a
mob ; or by his bold and constant maintenance in the courts
of the cause of fugitive slaves, in the face of the resentments
of the public opinion of the day ; or by his fearless desertion
of all reigning politics to lead a feeble band of protestants
through the wilderness of an ti- slavery wanderings, its pillar of
cloud by day, its pillar of fire by night ; or, as Governor of
Ohio, facing the intimidations of the Slave States, backed by
Federal power and a storm of popular passion ; or in consoli-
dating the triumphant politics on the urgent issue which was
to flame out into rebellion and revolt ; or in his serene pre-
dominance, during the trial of the President, over the rage of
party hate which brought into peril the coordination of the
great departments of government, and threatened its whole
frame, in all these marked instances of public duty, as
in the simple routine of his ordinary conduct, Mr. Chase
asked but one question to determine his course of action,
1 Is it right?'"
Nor should we forget others who have left a lasting impres-
400 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
sion upon the jurisprudence of New England, and indeed our
whole country. Among them SAMUEL S. WlLDE, who had
few peers as an advocate in Maine, or as a judge in Massachu-
setts ; EZEKIEL WEBSTER, who as lawyer and statesman left a
monument in New Hampshire which shall never crumble ;
RICHARD FLETCHER, "whose legal acumen, clear, distinct, and
precise statement, closely reasoned argument, and conscien-
tious mastery of his subject, adorned the bench no less than
the bar ; " JOSEPH BELL, who as advocate and legislator, in
ability as in station, towered above most of his associates ;
ICHABOD BARTLETT, " the Randolph of the North," who could
measure swords with Mason or Webster or Clay, without
either shield or shame ; and JOEL PARKER, who honored alike
the bar, the bench, and the lecture-room.
As members of one branch or the other of our National
Legislature, we record other honored names in alphabetical
order :
Samuel C. Allen, who voted alone in his place in Congress,
in favor of suffrage without regard to color. Heman Allen,
Lemuel H. Arnold, Samuel Bell, Samuel N. Bell, Silas Bet-
ton, Abijah Bigelow, John Blanchard, Daniel Breck, Elijah
Brigham, David Brunson, Joseph Buffum, Dudley Chase,
Daniel Chipman, Martin Chittenden, Daniel Clark, in every
public position a leading spirit, Judah Dana, Samuel Dins-
moor, Daniel M. Durell, Ira A. Eastman, Thomas M.
Edwards, Walbridge A. Field, Benjamin F. . Flanders, Isaac
Fletcher, George G. Fogg, Sylvester Gilbert, Calvin Goddard,
Daniel W. Gooch, John N. Goodwin, George Grennell, James
W. Grimes, pioneer statesman of the far West, Matthew Har-
vey, Henry Hibbard, Henry Hubbard, a man of rare abilities
and influence, Jonathan Hunt, Luther Jewett, Joseph S. Ly-
man, Asa Lyon, Rufus Mclntire, Charles Marsh, George P.
Marsh, the honored son of an honored father, Gilman Mars-
ton, Ebenezer Mattoon, Jeremiah Nelson, Moses Norris, John
Noyes, Benjamin Orr, Albion K. Parris, James W. Pat-
terson, whose eminent abilities and elaborate culture have
placed him in the foremost rank of the present generation
of New England statesmen, Charles H. Peaslee, Edward C.
Reed, Erastus Root, Joseph Richardson, Eleazer W. Rip-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 401
ley, equally fearless as a soldier and a statesman, Ether
Shepley, alike conspicuous for mental and moral powers,
John S. Sherburne, George A. Simmons, who by his own
efforts attained rare eminence, Peleg Sprague, Samuel Tag-
gart, Amos Tuck, a pioneer in philanthropic politics, John
Wentworth, who in large measure maintains the reputation
of an ancient and honored family, Phineas White, Leonard
Wilcox, Charles W. Willard, Hezekiah Williams, and William
Wilson. To which should be added the names of James C.
Alvord and -Sylvanus Backus, who were elected to Congress,
but did not live to take their seats.
When Daniel Webster entered the American Senate, five
of its twelve New England representatives were Dartmouth
alumni. Their labors in Congress form a part of the his-
tory of every Administration of our National government.
Amos Kendall, beside large usefulness, in other spheres,
was an honored Cabinet Minister.
Amos T. Akerman has been similarly honored, as Attorney
General of the United States.
The names of Charles B. Haddock, George P. Marsh,
George G. Fogg, and Edward F. Noyes, deserve honorable
mention in connection with public service abroad.
The names of Samuel Dinsmoor, the younger, John Hub-
bard, Ralph Metcalf, Peter T. Washburn, Nelson Dingley,
and Benjamin F. Prescott should be noticed, as State Gov-
ernors, in addition to several who have added this honor to
others, of which we have already made mention.
In Judicial life many names attract our notice beside those,
which have been mentioned in other connections ; among
them Nicholas Baylies, Nicholas Emery, Nathan Weston, Ira
Perley, Jonas Cutting, Benjamin W. Bonney, Isaac F. Red-
field, Robert R. Heath, Andrew S. Woods, William H. Bart-
lett, John S. Sanborn, and Benjamin H. Steele, of the de-
ceased, and William G. Woodward, Timothy P. Redfield,
George F. Shepley, James Barrett, Jason Downer, Jonathan
E. Sargent, Lincoln F. Brigham, Oliver Miller, and Charles
Doe, among the living. Nor should we forget that of living
members of the American Bar few names have been honored
more in the East than that of Charles B. Goodrich, and few
402 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
names have been honored more in the West than that of
James F. Joy.
Dartmouth has contributed largely to American Education.
Bowdoin's first two presidents were Joseph McKeen and
Jesse Appleton.
Thomas C. Upham was one of its honored Faculty for
more than forty years.
Oren B. Cheney was a leading founder of Bates College,
in later years.
James Marsh, John Wheeler, and Joseph Torrey were
successively presidents of Vermont University, and each left
upon it a most valuable and durable impression.
William Jackson and Thomas A. Merrill inscribed their
names indelibly upon the foundations of Middlebury College,
which numbers Benjamin Labaree and Calvin B. Hulbert
among its honored presidents.
Zephaniah S. Moore, as president of Williams College, gave
to it the fruits of his valuable experience at Dartmouth, and
materially enhanced its usefulness ; nor should we omit the
name of its earnest friend and guardian, Alvan Hyde.
In naming the leading founders of Amherst College, Pro-
fessor Tyler does not hesitate to place first, Rufus Graves,
and next, Samuel F. Dickinson. The value of Dr. Moore's
services as first president has been referred to in a previous
chapter.
A record of its obligations to Professor Nathan Welby
Fiske is a material part of its history.
The biographer of George Ticknor says no one contributed
more than he toward the impulse which has resulted in Har-
vard's progress during the last half century.
Amos Kendall was the honored founder of the College for
Deaf Mutes at Washington.
John M. Sturtevant has an honored place in the history of
education for the Blind in the South.
Jonathan P. Gushing resuscitated Hampden Sydney Col-
lege when life was nearly extinct, and made it again " a power
in the land."
Philander Chase, in founding Kenyon and Jubilee Colleges,
gave to the Episcopalians of the West two of their leading
literary institutions.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 403
John M. Ellis founded Illinois College, which, with the
influences that centered around it, in large measure " gave
character " to the State.
Not less plainly did he write his name upon the founda-
tions of Wabash College, and not less plainly have Charles
White, Edmund O. Hovey, and Caleb Mills written their
names upon the superstructure.
A proper estimate of the valuable labors of Joseph Esta-
brook, Stephen Foster, and George Cooke, successively presi-
dents of the College of East Tennessee, can only be made by
those who are familiar with the history of the institution,
Drury College, so admirably located, bears the impress of
Nathan J. Morrison.
Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Samuel H. Willey and
George H. Atkinson will ever be honored among the leading
founders and guardians of the College of California, and the
Pacific University.
No history of American- education will be complete which
does not portray the earnest and valuable labors, in numerous
other collegiate institutions East, West, North, and South, of
a long roll of Dartmouth alumni ; among them, beside many
others, already noticed, Joseph Dana, James Dean, Josiah
Noyes, Frederick Hall, George T. Chapman, James Hadley,
Rufus W. Bailey, Benjamin F. Farnsworth, George Bush,
Cyrus P. Grosvenor, Oramel S. Hinckley, Samuel Hurd, Ca-
leb S. Henry, John Kendrick, Charles D. Cleaveland, Leon-
ard Marsh, Forrest Shepherd, Charles B. Dana, Nathaniel
S. Folsom, Jarvis Gregg, Milo P. Jewett, Diarca H. Allen,
Kendrick Metcalf, Jacob H. Quimby, John B. Niles, Daniel
F. Richardson, Amos Brown, Calvin Tracy, John C. Webster,
Edmund Q. S. Waldron, Augustus Everett, Erastus Everett,
Jonas De F. Richards, Abner H. Brown, Henry L. Bullen,
George P. Coinings, David Dimond, Charles H. Churchill,
Amos B. Goodhue, Joshua J. Blaisdell, Artemas W. Sawyer,
Mark Bailey, Gideon Draper, Joseph O. Hudnut, Henry E.
J. Boardman, Charles S. Farrar, Nathan S. Lincoln, John
Ordronaux, John M. Hayes, Daniel Putnam, Martin H. Fisk,
Isaac A. Parker, Ephraim Murch, William E. Barnard, Am-
brose W. Clarke, Amos N. Currier, Richard C. Stanley, Al-
404 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
bert S. Bickmore, George S. Morris, and John W. Scribner.
It is hardly possible to overestimate the influence of these
men in shaping the thought and life of our country.
If we turn to academies we find that Mark Newman,
Osgood Johnson, and Samuel H. Taylor, especially the two
latter, were largely instrumental in placing Phillips Academy,
at Andover, at the head of such institutions in America.
Few schools of the kind have a more brilliant record than
Kimball Union Academy, and few American educators have
acquired more permanent renown than Cyrus S. Richards.
The labors of Amos J. Cook at Fryeburg, of John Vose at
Atkinson and Pembroke, of Andrew Mack at Gilmanton and
Haverhill, of John Hubbard at New Ipswich, of Ezra Carter
at Peacham, of Clement Long and William Nutting at Ran-
dolph, of James K. Colby at St. Johnsbury, of Ebenezer
Adams at Leicester, of Proctor Pierce at Deerfield, of Caleb
Butler at Groton, and Benjamin Green leaf at Bradford, con-
stitute a vital portion of the history of academic education in
New England. Nor must we forget that such men as Albert
C. Perkins, at Exeter, C. F. P. Bancroft, at Andover, and
Homer T. Fuller, at St. Johnsbury, are still laboring in this
important sphere, while Hiram Orcutt is performing valuable
service in a somewhat similar sphere at West Lebanon.
Worcester Free Institute is under large obligations to Charles
O. Thompson and John E. Sinclair.
If we turn to the metropolis of New England we find that
John D. Philbrick has made her schools and school-houses in
their leading features models for a world, fit successor to
Elisha Ticknor, the leading founder of her primary schools,
and Caleb Bingham and John Park, who in large measure
revolutionized female education in America.
Beaumont Parks taught successfully for forty years in In-
diana and Illinois; Charles E. Hovey founded the Illinois
Normal School worthy followers of Daniel Story at Ma-
rietta, the pioneer professional teacher of the West.
John Eaton, as Commissioner of General Education, has
stamped his name, indelibly, upon our country's history.
In Literature, Dartmouth has a worthy record.
In Philosophy, the names of James Marsh, Thomas C.
Upham, and Caleb S. Henry, command universal respect.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 405
In History, the names of George Ticknor, Joseph B. Felt,
Joseph Tracy, George Punchard, Samuel Hopkins, John Lord,
and Edwin D. Sanborn, will live as long as our language.
In Scientific popular literature, the names of Abel Cur-
tis, who is believed to have given to America its first Eng-
lish Grammar in a separate and distinct form, of Caleb Bing-
ham, who followed in his footsteps and enhanced the value of
his work, of Daniel Adams, who gave to the world the inval-
uable Arithmetic, of Benjamin Greenleaf, whose mathematical
works have added materially to the usefulness of his long and
busy life, of Charles D. Cleaveland and Alphonso Wood,
are stars of the first magnitude.
In Periodical literature, the names of John Park, David
Everett, Thomas G. Fessenden, Asa Rand, Russell Jarvis,
Absalom Peters, Nathaniel P. Rogers, Ebenezer C. Tracy,
Amasa Converse, Henry Wood, Nathaniel S. Folsom, Alonzo
H. Quint, and Henry A. Hazen, deserve especial notice.
In Polite literature, the names of Nathaniel H. Carter,
Charles B. Haddock, Rufus Choate, George P. Marsh, Rich-
ard B. Kimball, and John B. Bouton, command universal ad-
miration.
The writings of Samuel L. Knapp, Henry Bond, and Nathan
Crosby are valuable contributions to American Biography.
In Professional and Classic literature, the alumni of Dart-
mouth have done a good work. We can only glance at lead-
ing names, many of which have been mentioned in their more
appropriate places. Among them are Asa Burton, Jesse Ap-
pleton, Ebenezer Porter, Samuel C. Bartlett, Alvah Hovey,
Luther T. Townsend, Isaac F. Redfield, Silas Durkee, Ed-
mund R. Peaslee, W. W. Morland, F. E. Oliver, Jabez B.
Upham, Edward H. Parker, Joseph Torrey, Nathan W. Fiske,
George Bush, and Alpheus Crosby.
In Industrial literature, the names of Henry Colman and
John L. Hayes will be honored so long as agriculture and
manufactures shall have a prominent place among human pur-
suits.
In Medicine, a goodly proportion of her most eminent sons
have given to Dartmouth their personal services as teachers ;
we have only to recall in this connection the honored names
406 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
recorded in a preceding chapter, Mussey , Perkins, Crosby,
and Peasleee. But other names claim our notice. Amos
Twitchell, by tireless industry and fidelity in his regular pro-
fessional work, and his boldness and skill as an operative sur-
geon, gained a reputation equaled by few in New England,
and extending to the Old World. The name of George C.
Shattuck shines with equal lustre, as the benefactor of his
Alma Mater, and the friend of suffering humanity in the
metropolis of New England.
Luther V. Bell wrote his name as plainly upon the founda-
tions of the McLean Asylum, at Somerville, as did his hon-
ored father, Samuel Bell, upon the jurisprudence of New
Hampshire. The name of John E. Tyler is scarcely less con-
spicuous upon the superstructure.
New Jersey will never forget her obligations to Lyndon A.
Smith for the earnest efforts which gave to that State a simi-
lar institution. Nor should we be silent in regard to the ser-
vices of living men who are now conducting or prominently
connected with similar institutions ; among them, Jesse P.
Bancroft, Clement A. Walker, John Ordronaux, Homer O.
Hitchcock, William W. Godding, and John P. Brown.
As Medical lecturers, we cannot fail to notice other honored
names ; among them, Josiah Noyes, Joseph A. Gallup, James
Hadley, Jesse Smith, Arthur L. Porter, Gilman Kimball, Ben-
jamin R. Palmer, Noah Worcester, Abner Hartwell Brown,
Nathan S. Lincoln, and Phineas S. Conner.
A reference to all the living medical alumni of Dartmouth,
who are acting the part of useful practitioners or teachers,
added to the above, would take us to nearly every leading
medical institution, and nearly every family, in our broad
land.
In Productive industry and the development of our national
resources, the alumni of Dartmouth have an honorable place.
Eastern New England will never be unmindful of her obli-
gations to William A. Hayes, for his successful efforts to in-
troduce a better grade of wool than had ever before been
produced in that region ; nor will the country or the world
forget their obligations to his honored classmate, Henry Col-
man, the American pioneer in scientific agriculture. The
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 407
names of Thomas G. Fessenden and Amos Brown also de-
serve notice in this connection.
Petroleum, instead of being at the present time a leading
American product, might have remained, in large measure,
in its ancient bed, but for the skillful, persevering enterprise
of George H. Bissell and Francis B. Brewer.
In Railroad enterprise, the names of Erastus Hopkins,
Thomas M. Edwards, and Francis Cogswell, in the East, and
James F. Joy, in the West, are " familiar as household words."
The sons of Dartmouth have performed honorable service
in the field. More than a score were soldiers of the Revolu-
tion. Among them John S. Sherburne, who lost one of his
limbs ; Absalom Peters, whose efficient service in Vermont
contributed largely to the protection of our Northern fron-
tier ; and Ebenezer Mattoon, who by forced marches with his
gallant men furnished cannon which "told" at Saratoga.
In the War of 1812-1815 they acted well their part. Elea-
zer Wheelock Ripley, at Lundy's Lane, after General Scott
had been disabled (with the aid of the gallant Miller),
wrested victory from an almost triumphant foe, on the blood-
iest field of the war.
In that War, too, Sylvanus Thayer gained a measure of the
renown which has rendered the name of the most efficient
founder of the Military Academy at West Point illustrious in
both hemispheres.
In the late War one of the most valuable coadjutors of two
of its leading captains Grant and Sherman was Joseph
Dana Webster.
In letters of living light we write many other names,
among them Charles and Daniel Foster par nobile fratrum
Samuel Souther, Charles Augustine Davis, Isaac Lewis
Clarke, Calvin Gross Hollenbush, Valentine B. Oakes, Frank-
lin Aretas Haskell, Arthur Edwin Hutchins, Lucius Stearns
Shaw, Horace Meeker Dyke, Edwin Brant Frost, William
Lawrence Baker, Charles Whiting Carroll, George Washing-
ton Quimby, George Ephraim Chamberlin, Charles Lee Fos-
ter, Henry Mills Caldwell, and Stark Fellows, who at Bull
Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, the Wilderness, Cold Har-
bor, and elsewhere, gave their lives in defense of the Ameri-
can Union.
408 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
No aggregation of volumes would adequately portray the
whole work of Dartmouth's alumni. In quiet places, the
great majority, day by day, and year by year, have performed
their allotted tasks. In such places all over America, and in
other lands, they have built their most enduring monuments.
The calm lustre of their lives is almost as widely diffused as
the morning light.
ELEAZER WHEELOCK founded the college, in faith and
hope, for the enlightenment and evangelization of future gen-
erations in that mighty storehouse of thought and action, cen-
tral New England.
JOHN WHEELOCK carried forward the work with energy
and zeal, and a large measure of success.
FRANCIS BROWN gave a valuable life for the protection
of his still youthful Alma Mater.
DANIEL DANA was a man of kindred spirit, and not less
devoted to his work.
BENNET TYLER magnified his office, and, laboring in season
and out of season, added "goodly ornaments."
NATHAN LORD added new halls, new departments and
modes of instruction, gave larger prestige, and left the im-
press of a great mind upon two thousand pupils.
ASA D. SMITH added yet other halls, secured new endow-
ments, and provided a long line of scholarships, for the de-
velopment of latent talent, and the encouragement of genuine
worth.
SAMUEL C. BARTLETT brings to the accomplishment of
his task the name of an ancient and honored family, and the
experiences of an earnest and fruitful life.
Dartmouth has blessed New England and Old England,
North America and the whole world.
Her location, unrivaled in many respects by .that of any
sister institution, her history, so full of romance and of reality,
and her work, recorded first in the history of the eighteenth
century, and indelibly impressed upon the history of the nine-
teenth, all warrant the hope that her walls may stand, through
all the ages of the future, strong as the everlasting hills, and
beautiful as the celestial dome.
REV. SAMSON OCCOM.
APPENDIX.
A LIST
.OF THE
ENGLISH SUBSCRIBERS TO DR. WHEELOCK'S
INDIAN CHARITY SCHOOL OR ACADEMY.
His MOST GRACIOUS
MAJESTY ....
Mr. Isaac Akerman . .
Mr. John Atkins . . .
Messrs. Adair, Jackson
& Co. .
Mr. William Ames . .
Mr. Joseph Armitage .
Mr. Joseph Aldersey .
Mr. Ebenezer Atkinson
Mrs. Allovine. . . .
The Rev. Mr. Ashworth
of Daintree . . . .
Mr. Atwell, A. B. . .
Mr. John Auther . .
Anonymous . . . .
Mr. Andrews ....
Mrs. Sarah Axford
The Rev. Mr. Sam.
Brewer's Collection
Messrs. -Dav. Barclay &
Sons
Mrs. Brine
Robert Butcher, Esq. .
Mr. John Bradney . .
Mr. Diederick Beck-
man
Mr. John Bonus . . .
Messrs. Bland & Barnett
Mr. Thomas Brooks
LONDON.
s.
d.
Jam. & Hen. Baker,
200
Esqs
5 5
Thorn. Smalley Brown-
5 5
ing, Esq
John Bond, Esq . . .
5 5
Bank Note, K 483 . .
5 5
Sir Blackmore . .
5 5
Robert Bird, Esq. . .
2 2
Mrs. Sarah Bradney
2 2
Mrs. B. W
2 2
Mr. Blunkett of Peck-
ham . . ...
1 1
John Buchanan, Esq. .
10
6
Mr. Clement Bellamy .
10
6
Mr. Geo. Baskerville
5
3
Mr. Michael Barlow
5
Mr. John Bayley . . .
1
Mr. Frederick Ball . .
Mr. Jonathan Bond . .
141 2
6
Mr. Bowles . ' . . .
Mr. Bush
31 10
Mr. Richard Brown . .
20
Mr. William Butler . .
10 10
Mr. Guy Brian . . .
10 10
Mr. J. Busley . . .
Dr. Bragge ....
10 10
Mrs. Bragge ....
10 10
Mr. Jonathan Bowles .
10 10
Brooks, Esq., of Cam-
10 10
bridge
s. d.
10 10
10 10
10 10
10
660
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
330
330
220
220
220
220
220
220
410
DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Mr. Joseph Burch . .
B. C. .
220
220
Phil. Dotton, Esq., of
Plymouth, per Mr.
Mrs. Blakesly . . .
Mr. Henry Burder . .
Mr. Burkitt ....
The Rev. Charles
1 11 6
110
110
Sheppard ....
Mr. Darnford ....
Miss Dixon ....
2 17
220
220
110
110
JVIr Denne .
110
Mrs. B-f-t
110
Mr. James Donald .
110
Mr. George Braithwaite
Mr. Joseph Barnardistone
Mr. Bassingtine . . .
Mr. William Brown . .
Mr. Biggs, Junior . .
A Banker's Clerk . .
Mr Wt B
110
1 1
110
10 6
10 6
10 6
7
Mr. James Deethait . .
Mr. James Duncan . .
Mr. D. ......
Mr. Benjamin Dickers,
per Dr. Gibbons . .
Mr. D. D
Mr Dudds . .
110
1 1
1 1
1 1
10 6
10 6
Mr Ball
5 3
Mr Dell
10 6
Mr. John Baker . . .
Mr. William Baker . .
Mr. Benjamin Coles
Messrs. Capel, Hanbury,
Oswald & Co. . . .
Mr. James Crafts . .
Mr. William Cross . .
Mr. Cranch, in the
5 3
5
20
10 10
550
550
550
Mrs. Davis ....
Mr. Zephaniah Bade .
Mrs. Anna Eade . . .
Mr. Samuel Ewer . .
Mr. Edwards .....
Mr. E. H
Mr. John Elliott . . .
Mr. Eaton
Dr. Fothergill . . .
5 3
660
660
1 1
1 1
1 1
110
110
21
Mr. James Cox . . .
Mr. Benjamin Clempson
Mr. Lawrence Charles-
son
550
330
330
A Friend of the Cause .
Mr. Fuller & Son . .
Thomas Fletcher, Esq. .
Mr Benjamin Forsitt .
20
10 10
550
550
Mr. Creswell, of Stour-
bridge, per Mr. Mick-
lin the Mercer . ...
M!r Cro^s
330
220
The Rev. Mr. Ford . .
Dr. John Ford . . .
Mr. William Fisher, Sen.
Messrs Flight & Halli-
550
550
550
Mr Benjamin Champion
220
550
Mr. Compson ....
Mr. John Collier . .
Mr. John Colebrooke .
C. T. F
Mr. John Cox ....
Mr. Joseph Cowper .
Mr. William Coombes .
Mr. Cooper ....
Mrs. Cooper ....
Mr. John Cobb . . .
Mr. William Crooke .
Mr. Joseph Clarke . .
Mr. Henry Cowling
Rt. Hon. William, Earl
of Dartmouth, a Trus-
tee and President . .
Messrs. Deberdt & Bur-
kitt
220
220
1 11 6
130
110
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
10 6
10 6
10 6
50
20
Messrs. Freeman & Grace
Mr. William Fletcher .
Mr. George Flower . .
Mr. Fassett ....
Mr. F. P
Mrs. Flight ....
Mr. David Field . .
A Friend in the Country
Sir John Griffin Griffin
Mr. William Grace . .
Mr. Daniel Gallopine .
Mr. Gerrish ....
Mrs. Sarah Gale . . .
Mrs. Gumley ....
Mr. Grainger ....
Mr. John Geere, Sen.,
collected by him . .
Mr. Robert Griffiths .
550
330
220
1 1
110
1 1
1 1
10
20
10 10
10 10
550
550
550
500
4 14 6
440
Mr. John Dick . . .
D. T
550
550
550
Mr. Daniel Goodwin
Mr. John Geere, of
Hythe
3 7 6
330
Mr. William Dermer .
550
Thomas Gibbons, D. D.
220
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
411
Mr. Walter Gelly . .
G. E. ......
2
2
2
2
o
Mr. Griffin
2
2
o
Mr. Joseph Gibbon . .
2
2
Mr. Gardner ....
2
2
Mr. Grote .
2
2
o
Mrs. Nellaby Gibson .
1
1
Mr. John Gould . . .
1
1
Miss Gould ....
1
1
Messrs. G
1
1
Mrs. Ann Gusthart . .
1
1
Mr. Samuel Gordon
1
1
Mr. Owen Griffith . .
1
1
Mr. Good ....
10
6
Mrs. G s ....
10
6
Mr. William Gardiner
5
Isaac Holies, Esq. .
100
The Rev. Mr. Holden's
collection of Deptford
51
2
Sir Charles Hotham, a
Trustee, deceased
50
Mrs. Halsey ....
50
Charles Hardy, Esq., a
25
o
o
Mr. Robert Hodgson .
Sir Joseph Hankey and
20
10
10
o
Mr. William Hervey .
10
10
Edward Hollis, Esq. .
5
5
Thomas Hollis, Esq. .
5
5
Mr. Richard Hawtyn .
5
5
Mr. Peregrine Hogg .
5
5
Mr. Hugh Hnmstone .
5
5
Mr. John Hose & Son .
5
5
Richard Hill, Esq. . .
5
5
Thomas Hall, Esq., of
Harnfel Hall, near
5
5
o
Messrs. Higgins, Gar-
rett & Hartfield . .
5
5
Mr. Joseph Hart . .
5
5
Mr. Benjamin Horrocks
3
3
Miss Hillier ....
3
3
Mr. Howell ....
2
12
6
Mrs. Ann Hollo way
2
2
Mr. Thomas Heckley,
per Dr. Gibbons . .
2
2
Mr. Holdgate ....
1
1
Mr. Thomas Houston .
1
1
Mr. William Heathfield
1
1
Mr. Horton ....
1
1
Mr. Nathaniel Hillier .
1
1
Mr. Hett ....
1
1
o
Mr. Hunt
10
6
Mr. Heath ....
10
6
Mr. Harley ....
10
6
Mr. Richard Hatt . . 10 6
Mr. William Hunter . 10 6
Mrs. Harle .... 10 6
The Rev. Mr. Hatham,
of Loughborough . . 10 6
Mrs. Halford and Son . 7 6
Mrs. H. P 50
I. S 20
Mr. Jackson, of the
Temple 10 10
Mr. Thomas Justis . . 550
Mr. John Jones ... 330
Mr. Edward Jefferies . 220
J. P 220
I. R., per John Sabatier 220
Mr. Thomas Jefferys . 220
Mr. Jacomb .... 110
Mr. Jackson, Basing-
hall-St 110
Mr. J, G 110
Mr. Judd 10 6
Mr. Richard Jeffreys , 10 6
Mr. Philip Jones, at
Upton in Worcester-
shire 53
Mr. Robert Keen, a
Trustee 25
Mr. William Kelly . ' . 550
Mr. King 330
Mr. John Kennedy . . 220
Miss Kingsley ... 110
Samuel Lloyd, Esq. . 21
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. John Langford's 13
Mr. George Lowe . . 10 10
Mr. Thomas Lowe . . 10 10
Mr. John Laurence . . 550
Mr. L. F 220
Mr. Samuel Luck . . 220
Mr. L. G 220
Mr. Robert Lathroppe . 110
Mrs. L. G 110
Mr. L. D 1 11 6
Mr. John Lefevre . . 110
The Rev. Dr. Langford 110
Mrs. Lavington ... 110
Mr. Lawrence ... 10 6
His Excellency, General
Monckton .... 21
Mr. B. Mills .... 20
Messrs. R. H. & R.
Maitland . . . . 10 10
The Rev. Mr. Martin's
Collection at Deptford 510
Mr. James Mabbs . . 550
John Mills, Esq. ... 550
412
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Mr. Thomas Maltby
5
5
1
1
Mr Thomas M^ason .
5
f>
o
Mr. Parks ....
1
1
Mr. Samuel Moody . .
Mr. Maine, of Kensington
Mr. Thomas Mayor . .
Mrs. Marlow, per Dr.
Gifford . . .
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
o
Mr. Edward Pitts . .
Mr. George Prettiman .
Mrs. Mary Parker . .
Mr. John Payne . . .
Mr N Paul
1
1
10
10
10
5
6
6
6
3
The Rev. Mr. Madan .
Mr. Millet
5
4
5
o
The Rev. Mr. Phillips .
Mr. Peakes ....
5
9
fi
Mrs. Molineaux . . .
Mr. Mangles ....
Mr. Brough Maltby . .
Mr. Messenger . . .
Mr. Samuel Matthews .
Mr. Peter Mallard . .
Mr. Morris
3
2
2
2
2
2
9
6
2
2
2
2
2
6
o
The Rev. Mr. Romaine's
Collection at St.
Anne's, Black Friar's
Samuel Roffey, Esq., a
Trustee ....
Mrs. Roffey, of Lincoln's
Inn Fields ....
107
50
10
13
10
3
1
1
o
Marchioness of Rocking-
Mr. Thomas Matravers
1
1
o
10
10
Mr. Moggridge . . .
Miss March ....
Mrs. M
1
1
1
1
.1
I
o
Mr. Samuel Rickards .
Mrs. Russel ....
Mrs Radcliffe ....
10
10
10
10
Mr. Marston ....
Mr. D. Maitland . . .
Mr. Morrison ....
Mr. James Murray . .
Mr. Samuel Mason . .
Mr. Samuel Munday
M. C .
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
6
6
6
6
Mr. Henry Rutt . . .
Mr. John Robarts . .
Mr. Matthew Randall .
Mr. George Rutt . . .
Mr. and Mrs. Rawlins .
Miss Rymers .....
Mr. John Robin .
3
5
5
3
2
2
1
3
5
5
3
2
2
1
Mr. Robert Newton,
per Charles Steer .
*>0
o
o
Mrs. Russel, of Greek
Street
1
1
Mr. Ric. Neave & Son .
Mr. Edw. Thomas Nel-
21
2
2
2
2
o
Mr. Stephen Roe . .
Mr. Rumley ....
Mr. Robarts ....
10
10
5
6
6
3
Mr. and Mrs. Noyes
Miss Nichols ....
2
2
1
2
2
1
o
Right Hon. Earl of
Shaftesbury ....
Mr. Samuel Savage, a
31
10
Mr. Abraham O^ier .
2
o
Q
Trustee ....
100
Mr. John Orton . . .
Mr. Olney
Mr. John Oldham . .
Mr. John Oliver . . .
Thomas and Richard
Penn, Esqs. . . .
Messrs. Pewtress & Rob-
2
1
1
50
10
2
1
1
10
10
6
o
Samuel Sparrow, Esq. .
Rev. Dr. Stennett's
Collection ....
The Rev. Mr. Charles
Skelton's Collection .
The Rev. Mr. Stafford
and his Friends . .
William Stead, Esq.
50
42
13
10
10
10
13
10
10
11
Mr. James Pearson . .
Mr. Pomeroy ....
Mrs. Rachel Phipps . .
5
2
5
2
2
o
Mr. Robert Stuart . .
Mr. Baron Smythe, a
Trustee ....
10
6
10
fi
Mr. Michael Pearson .
Mr. Thomas Prettyman
Mr. Rowland Page . .
Mr. John Prentice . .
Mr. John Page . . .
Mrs. P
Mr. John Price . . .
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
o
Mr. Samuel Stainton .
Mr. Sherland Swanstone
Mr. James Smith . .
Mr. J. Short ....
Mr. John Striteal . .
The Rev. Sam. Martin
Savage .....
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Mr. Chancey Poole . .
1
1
Mr. SaFnsbury Sibley .
5
5
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
413
Mr. Smith (partner with
Mr. Nash) ....
5
5
Mrs. Sowdon ....
4
4
Mr. Thomas Smith . .
3
3
S. W
3
3
Messrs. Simmonds&Co.
3
3
Mr. Self
2
12
6
The Rev. and Hon. Mr.
Shirley
2
2
Mr. R. Saddington . .
2
2
Mr. Sarney
2
2
Mr. Joseph Smithers
2
2
Mr. Somerhayes . . .
1
1
Mrs. S. G
1
1
Mr. John Seaber . . .
1
1
Mr. Shrapnell ....
1
1
S. F
1
1
The Rev. Mr. Spilsbury
1
1
Mr. Thomas Savage
1
1
Mr. James Still . . .
1
1
Mr. Thomas Spicer . .
1
1
The Rev. Mr. Sheppard
1
1
Mr. James Smith . .
1
1
Mr. John Sparks . . .
1
1
Mr. William Slow . .
1
1
Mr. Edward Shickle
18
Mr. Statham ....
10
6
Mr. Francis Simpson .
10
6
Mr. Stibbs
10
6
Mrs. Scott ....
5
3
S. S
5
3
John Thornton, Esq., a
Trustee and Treasurer
100
Barlow Trecothick, Esq.
21
. Sir John Toriano . .
20
Sir John Thorold, Bart.
of Cranwell . . .
10
10
Mr. William Tatnall .
10
10
Mr. Thomas Turville .
10
10
A Lady Unknown, per
Mr. Thompson
10
10
The Rev. Mr. Thomson
5
5
Mr. John Town send . .
5
5
Mr. Robert Trevors
2
2
T. B
1
1
Mr. Robert Territ . .
1
1
Messrs. Tredway & Bay-
ley
1
1
T
1
1
Mr. Twelves ....
1
1
Mr. John Thome . .
1
1
Mr. Timothy Topping .
1
1
Mr. Taylor ....
12
Mrs. Tomkins . . .
10
6
Miss Ann Tayleure . .
10
6
A Person Unknown . .
50
A Gentleman and sev-
eral Ladies to be un-
known 30 9
James Vere, Esq. . . 20
Mr. Vowell the Stationer 220
A Providential Guinea . 110
A Lady Unknown . 550
A Person Unknown . . 220
Ditto 220
Cash Unknown ... 220
Unknown 10 10
Unknown, four entries,
each 110
A Lady Unknown . . 10 6
Unknown, nine entries,
each 10 6
Ditto, per Rev. Mr.
Traile 10 6
Ditto, per Rev. Mr.
Franks 10 6
Mr. Veck ..... 10 6
Unknown, four entries,
each 55
Wm. Wilberforce, Esq. 25 5
Mr. Rich. Wilson and
Lady 25 5
Dan. West, Esq., a Trus-
tee 25
Samuel Wordsworth,
Esq 10 10
Miss Ann Wordsworth 10 10
Mr. John Wallaston . 10 10
Mr. Stephen Williams . 10 10
Messrs. Welch & Rogers 1010
Mr. Thomas Whitehead,
per Rev. Mr. Romaine 614 9
Mr. Jonathan Wathen . 550
Mr. Rob. Waller, at
Gosport 550
Mr. Nathaniel Weeks . 550
Mr. Robert Watkinson 550
Mr. Thomas Wilson . 550
Mr. Moses Willatts . . 550
Mr. George Wilkinson . 550
Mr. William Willatts . 550
Mr. John Wathen &
Son ...... 330
Mr. James Walker . . 330
Mrs. Mary Ward ... 330
Mr. Wheelar .... 330
Messrs. Thomas & John
Wellings .... 220
Dr. Wray 220
Mr. Woodroffe ... 220
Mr. Walker, in White-
chapel 220
414
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Mr. Walcot, of Dart-
9
?
Mr. Nicholas Fabyon, etc.
Mr. James Furman .
15
10
6
Mr. Whiten & Co. . .
Mr. Wilson .....
The Rev. Mr. Watson .
Mr. Caleb White . .
Mr. Joseph Wolmer .
Mr Wells .
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
o
Mr. Richard Harris . .
Mr. Joseph Leaman
Rev. Mr. Naylor, vicar
of Ashburton . . .
Mr. Walter Park and
Family ...
1 1
10
1 1
2
6
Mr. Samuel Williams .
Mrs. Waddilove . . .
Mr. Wilton ....
Mr Wells ....
1
1
1
1
o
Mrs. Mary Rennell, etc.
Mrs. Sowter ....
Miss Soper and Sister,
each . ...
18
10
10
9'
6
fi
Mr. Withers ....
1
1
o
Mr. Soper
5
8
Mr. Wallis
1
1
o
Messrs. John, Richard &
Mrs. Wordsworth . .
Rev. Dr. Worthington .
Mr. Welch ....
Mrs. Williams ...
Mr. William W. . . .
X. Q.
50
10
10
10
5
4
6
6
6
3
Moses Tozer . . .
Mr. Nicholas Tripe . .
A Person Unknown . .
Samuel Windeat . . .
Mr. Winsor ....
The Rev. Mr. Waters .
1 16
10
7
10
5
10
6
6
6
6
3
6
y. R
1
1
Collected at the Rev.
z.
5
9
Mr. Waters'
8 16
7
Total in LONDON .3165 3 8
COLLECTIONS AT ABINGDON, IN
BERKSHIRE.
Mr. Joseph Butlar . . 21
Mr. Joseph Tomkins . 10 10
Mr. William Tomkins . 10 10
Mr. Benjamin Tomkins 10 10
Mrs. Tomkins . . . 10 10
Mr. Nathaniel Roberts 550
Rev. Mr. John Moore . 220
Miss Palmer .... 220
Mr. Thomas Flight . . 220
Mrs. Elizabeth Flight . 110
Mr. Joseph Fuller . . 110
Mrs. Sarah Fuller . . 110
Rev. Mr. Daniel Turner 110
Mrs. Elizabeth Turner 10 6
The Public Collection . 566
DONATIONS AT ASHBURTON, IN
DEVONSHIRE.
The Rev. Mr. Bradford,
of Buckfastleigh . . 550
Mr. Richard Bennett,
etc 1 14 3
Mrs. Mary Berry . . 13
Mrs. Susannah Bennett 3
Mr. Cocksley .... 10 6
MissEals 10 6
Mr. Peter Fabyon, etc. 169
DONATIONS AT ST. ALBANS IN
HERTFORDSHIRE.
Collected at Rev.
Messrs. Hiron's and
Gill's 22 2 2J
DONATIONS AT ASHFORD, IN KENT.
Mr. Benjamin Harrison 110
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Brook's ... 9 1 9f
Do. at Rev. Mr. Gilla-
brand's 500
DONATION AT ASHBORN, IN DERBY-
SHIRE.
Collected at Rev. Mr.
Rawlins' 2 8 11
DONATIONS AT AULCESTER, IN
WARWICKSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Broadhurst's . . 245
DONATION AT APPLEDORE, IN KENT.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Evan's . ..800
DAETMOUTH COLLEGE.
415
BRISTOL.
?
9
Mr. Thomas Evans . .
Mr. John Edwards . .
.Mrs. Edwards ....
1
1
10
10
6
fi
Mr. P. Allard ....
T. & M. Allard . . .
Mrs. Allison ....
Mr. Robert Atkins . .
Mr. William Arnold
Mr. Apthorp . . . .
John & Fran. Bull, Esqs.
Miss Brown ....
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
5
Mrs. E. H.
Collected at the Rev.
$tr. Evan's Meeting .
Rev. Mr. Wm. Foote .
Mr. Frampton . . .
Mr. George Fownes . .
Mr. Farnall ....
A Friend
30
2
2
2
1
5
2
2
2
1
10
3
fi
Miss Sarah Barrow . .
3
o
Mr. Frame
10
fi
Mr. Britton ....
Sarah, Mary, and Na-
thaniel Britton . .
Mrs. Bull and Miss Bull
2
1
12
1
6
Mr. Francis ....
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Foot's, at Rally
Hill
6
4
10
6
7
one guinea each . .
Mr. Blake
2
1
2
1
Mr. Gordon ....
Mr. Jos. Green
5
s
5
R
Mr. Edward Bright
Mr. Edward Brice . .
Mrs. Badcocke . . .
Mr. John Bryant . .
Mr. Beverston . . .
Mr. Jas. and Miss
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Mr. Garlick ....
Mr. Gomond ....
Mrs. George ....
Rev. Mr. Grand, Rector
of Durham
Mr. Griffith . . . .
Mr. Grander ....
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
Mr. Daniel Brown . .
Mr Baker . . . .
10
5
6
Mr. Robert Gordon . .
Mr. J Gordon . .
1
1
1
1
Mr. John Collett . . .
5
5
1
1
Mr. James Cowles . .
Mr. Robert Coleman
Mr. Robert Cottle . .
Mr. Francis Collins . .
Rev. Mr. Cook of Ding-
5
3
3
2
?,
5
3
3
2
2
Mrs. Joanna Gough . .
Mrs. Gorton ....
Collected at Mr. Gil-
lard's, Castle Green .
Mr. R. A. Hawksworth .
Mr. William Hazle . .
1
11
5
5
1
10
5
5
6
9
Mr. William Cowles
Lady Croston . .
Mrs. Cheston ....
Mrs Collins . . . .
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
Mr. John Harris . . .
Mr. Mark Hartford, Jr.
Mr. William Hale . .
Mrs. Hale . .
5
2
1
1
5
2
1
1
Mr. Richard Champion
Mr. Ric. Champion, Jr.
Mr. George Champion .
Mr. Benjamin Chandler
Mr. Richard Carpenter
Mr. Cottles' men . . .
Mr. Henry Durbin . .
Mrs. D
1
1
1
2
9
1
1
1
10
10
4
2
9,
6
6
Mrs. Howard . . .
Mrs. Hibbs ....
Mr. Haddocke . . .
Messrs. Hewlett and
Rainsford . ...
The Rev. Mr. Hart . .
The Rev. Mr. Haines .
Mrs. Hill
1
1
1
1
1
1
15
10
10
10
9
6
6
6
?
2
Mr. George Harris . .
10
6
Mr. Dugdale ....
Mr. Edward Daniel . .
Mr. Dallaway ....
Mr. John Dafforn . .
Mr. William Day . .
Mr. E.Daniel. . . .
1
1
1
11
1
1
10
10
2
5
6
6
6
6
Mr. Hollister ....
Mr. Hopkins ....
Mr. Harmer ....
Mr. Hall ....
Mr. Howell Harris . .
Mr. Hewlett and Chil-
10
10
10
10
10
11
6
6
6
6
6
Mr. Daniel
9
6
IMr Hinton
4
Mr. John Evans . . .
3
3
416
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Collected at Mr. Har-
6
11
4
Mrs. Poole, Bridewell
2
?
Capt. James ....
Mr. James Ireland . .
Mrs. Mary Johnson . .
The Rev. Mr. Jillard .
Mrs. Elizabeth Johnson
jVIr James ...
5
5
3
2
2
1
5
5
3
2
2
7
o
Mrs. Pollard and Pierce
Mr. Purnall ....
Mr. John Parstow . .
Mr. Thomas Purnall
Mr. Power and Children
Mrs. Price
1
1
1
1
16
1
1
1
15
10
6
6
fi
1
I
o
Mr Parry
10
fi
Mrs. Mary Jackson . .
1
1
1
1
Mr. Power ....
Mr. Charles Prosser
10
10
6
fi
IVIr Sam Johnson .
10
6
Mrs. Poole
10
fi
jIMrs. Kin"
4
4
Collected at Chelwood,
The B. of K 's Lady
Mr. E. King ....
Collected at Kingswood
Harford Lloyd, Esq*
Mr. Thomas Ludlow .
]Mr Christopher Ludlow
1
6
5
5
5
1
2
4
5
5
{>
6
o
by Dr. Pearce . .
Ditto, at Peaulton . .
William Rewees, Esq. .
Mrs. Roscoe ....
Mr. Rienke ....
Mrs. R
13
7
10
1
1
1
5
1
10
1
1
1
6
Mr. William Ludlow .
From two Ladies . .
Mr. Thomas Ledyard .
Mr. John Lawle . . .
3
2
2
1
1
3
2
2
1
1
Mr. Rogers
Mrs. Rogers ....
Mrs. Rowles ....
Mr. John Storck . . .
Mr. Stonehouse, Mill
1
5
10
1
10
5
6
6
I
I
o
Hill . . .
3
3
Mr. Treat Ludlow . .
1
1
1
1
Mr. Edward Stanfell .
Mr. Joseph Sievier . .
3
2
3
12
fi
Mr. Llewellyn, etc. . .
Miss Ludlow . . . .
Mr. Lewis ....
Mr. R. Ludlow . . .
Mr. Lemon ....
Hon. and Rev. Mr. M.
Mr. Meyler, Sen. . .
Mrs. Merlott ....
Mr. Munkley ....
Mrs. Milliard ....
Mr. Maynard ....
]Mr Martin
10
2
2
1
1
1
1
14
10
10
5
5
10
2
2
1
1
1
1
6
6
6
3
o
Mr. Isaac Stephens . .
Mr. B. Stevenson . .
The Rev. Dr. Stonehouse
The Rev. Mr. Symes .
Counsellor Skidmore . .
Mr. Thomas Seymour .
Messrs. Simmonds and
Woodman ....
Samuel Sedgeley, Esq.
Mr. Joseph Shapland .
Mr. Daniel Searnell
Mr Smith
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
10
2
6
6
6
fi
1
1
Sundry small ones . .
6
6
Mrs. Moore ....
Mr. John Morgan . .
Mr. Maxwell ....
Mrs M ....
1
1
10
10
10
6
6
6
Mr. Josiah Taylor . .
Dr. Townsend . . .
Mr. Thomas ....
Mr. Tomlinson ...
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Mr. J. Maynard . . .
Mrs.
2
5
6
Mr. Teague ....
Collected at the Rev.
10
6
Mr. John Needham . .
Mr Nash
10
10
6
6
Mr. Thomas's Meet-
15
6
1
Mr. Overbury ....
Mr Owen . . .
1
1
7
1
o
Unknown, 2 entries,
2
2
IMr Owen ....
10
6
1
11
Mr. Pynock ....
Widow Poole Broad
2
2
Unknown, 2 entries,
1
1
Street
2
2
Ditto, 3 entries, each .
10
fi
Mr. Samuel Peach . .
Mrs. Parsons ....
2
2
2
2
Samuel Webb ....
Mr. Peter Wilder . .
5
5
5
5
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
417
Mr. Edward Whatley . 5
Mrs. Willis, in Rose-
green, Kingswood . 5
Mr. F. Weaver ... 1
Mr. Samuel Waterford . 1
Mr. Daniel White . . 1
Mr. Jos. and Charles
Whittuck .... 1
Mr. Watts ....
Mr. Woodward . . .
Mr. Abraham Whit-
luck
Mr. Wills . .
Mr. Whituck ....
Mr. Williams . . .
Mr. J. Watts . . .
A Widow .'....
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Whitfield's Tab-
ernacle, Mr. Row-
and's, 3 4s . . . 25
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Wesley's Room . 23
5
5
1
1
1
1
10 6
10 6
10 6
10 6
50
6 6
15
BRADFORD, IN WILTSHIRE.
Mr. Humphrey Trywell 110
Mr. John Smith ... 110
Mr. Joseph Smith . . 110
Mr. Saunders .... 110
Mrs. Towgood and Mr.
Baines 10 3
Collected at Rev.
Messrs. Haine's, Skir-
ven, and Foote's
Meetings 18 14 8
The Rev. Mr. Spencer
and Friends 7 14
BRIDGEWATER, IN SOMERSET-
SHIRE.
Counsellor Allen ... 110
Thomas Allen, Esq. . 110
Counsellor Bingford, etc. 130
Rev. Mr. Burroughs . 10 6
Mr. Chubbs .... 53
James Hervey, Esq. . 10 6
The Rev. Mr. S tans bury 5
Dr. Taylor 110
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Wilson's . . . 10 15 6
Ditto at Rev. Mr. Har-
ris's 280
27
BRATTON.
Mr. John Blatch ... 110
Mr. William Ballard . 110
Mrs. Ann and Eleanor
Ballard 10 6
Mrs. Mary Drewett . . 110
Mrs. Eleanor Ellis . . 50
Mrs. Eleanor Froud . . 1 19 6
Mr. Henry Phipps Ren-
dall 50
Mrs. Sarah Rendall . 5
Jeffery Whitaker, Esq. 220
Mrs. Thomas Whitaker 110
The General Collection 170
BIDDIFORD, IN DEVONSHIRE.
George Buck, Esq. . 220
Charles Davie, Esq. . 10 6
Mr. Greening ... 110
Walter Shallabar, Esq 550
Mrs. Saltren ... 170
Unknown .... 53
Rev. Mrs. John White
field 220
Collected at Rev. Mr.
Samuel Lavington's 35 19 6
BARNSTAPLE, IN DEVONSHIRE.
Collected at Barnstaple 3115 6
From the parishes of
Withredge and Thel-
bridge 17 1
BLANFORD, IN DORSETSHIRE.
Edward Madgwicke, Esq. 4 4
Mrs. Gifford .... 330
Mr. Thomas Roe and
Dr. Pultney, etc. . . 120
Mr. Matthew Cummings 110
Rev. Mr. Henry Field . 220
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Field's . . . . 13 16 5
BREMISTER, IN DORSETSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Bryant's ... 960
BRIDPORT, IN DORSETSHIRE.
Miss Whitty .... 10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Booker's . . . 31 5 6
418
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
.L/iiiu au ivuv. J.U.A. tjui/-
ton's 11 18
Collected at the Rev.
BROUGHTON.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Steel's .... 11
BOURTON, ON THE WATER.
William Snooke, Esq. . 10 10
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Beddom's . . . 19 10
Mr. Symmonds . . 13 6 7J
BINGLEY.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Lilley's ... 11 1 ll
BRADFORD, IN YORKSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Crab tree's ... 6183^
Rev. Mr. Sykes, Vicar . 10 6
Thn T?ov Mr . 10 6
BROOM8GROVE, IN WORCESTER-
SHIRE.
From an unknown lady,
per Mrs. Blackmore,
of Manchester ... 660
Collected at Rev.
Messrs. Phillips', Jen-
kins', and Butter-
worth's 20 17 8J
The Rev. Mr. Smith . 110
Collected by ditto of
his people .... 550
Ditto of the Rev. Mr.
Wesley's people . . 800
BIERLEY.
Richard Richardson,
Pn 1010
BEDWORTH.
Rev. Mr. Hewlett, a
clergyman .... 10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Saunder's ... 9 14 9
BEDFORD, IN BEDFORDSHIRE.
Mr. Belsham .... 220
Joseph Barham, Esq. . 110
Mr. Bayley .... 110
Mrs. Berthray ... 10 6
Messrs. Costins ... 220
IVTr Oiistprson 10 6
Collected by the Rev.
Mr. Stillingfleet . . 6 16 6
BURSTALL, IN YORKSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Wesley's ... 6 6 4
BURY, IN SUFFOLK.
Mr. Crosbie . . . . 10 10
Mrs. Crosbie .... 10 10
Mr. Robert Hay ward . 10 10
Mr. Robinson and Son . 660
Mr. Cumberland and
Sons .... 660
Mr. Dunton .... 30
Mr. Franklin .... 50
William Foster, Esq. . 110
John Howard, Esq. . . 550
IVlrs Hensman . 110
Mrs. Sarah Cumberland 550
Miss Crosbie .... 220
Mr. Joseph Frost . . 220
Rev. Mr. B. Mills, Rec-
tor 110
Mr Kino- 330
Miss M. Crosbie ... 110
Mr Leach .... 10 6
Mr William Hollman . 110
Messrs Neo-us .... 1116
Mr Odell. .... 550
Mr. Charles Darby and
Mr Palmer Sen . 220
Wife 10 6
Mr. Palmer, Jr. ... 110
Rev. Mr. Joshua Sy-
Mr. Umfreville ... 12 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Saville's ... 3 18 10}
M.rs Sanderson 110
Mrs. Lucas 220
Mr. Wilsher .... 110
Mrs. Darby .... 110
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
419
Mrs. Wright ....
1
1
Mrs. Anne Tabor . .
2
2
Palmer, Esq.
1
1
Unknown
2
1
6
1
1
Ditto, per the Rev. Mr.
Mr. Knock ....
1
1
Davidson ....
1
1
Mr. Ely
1
1
Mr. John Watkinson .
2
2
Mr. Chaplin ....
10
6
Mr. Samuel Watkinson
10
6
Mr. Mast
10
6
Collected at the Rev.
Mrs. Mast
5
3
Mr. Davidson's
33
9
9
Mr Leech ...
10
6
Mr. Sleckles ....
Mrs. Webster ....
10
10
6
6
BERKHEMPSTEAD, IN HERTFORD-
SHIRE.
Mr. Bullen ....
8
Mr. Rutter ....
5
3
The Rev. Mr. Bland .
5
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Duncom ....
5
Mr. Lincoln's .
4
18
10
-VT r "F^rl
10
6
Mrs. Noyse ....
10
6
BRAINTREE AND BOOKING
, IN
Mrs. Thompson . . .
10
6
ESSEX.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Sexton's . . .
7
3
6
Mr. Gamaliel Andrews
1
1
Mr. Boosey, Sen. . .
Mr. Boosey, Jun. . .
3
1
3
1
BASINGSTOKE, IN HAMPSHIRE.
Mr. Thomas Boosey
1
1
His Grace the Duke of
Mr. Barnet ....
1
1
1
Bolton
3
3
Mr. Thomas Bennet
Mrs. Barber ....
10
10
6
6
The Rev. Mr. Burroughs
10
1
6
g
Mr. Crackenthorp . .
10
10
as e . . . .
. \J
10
6
John Churchman, Esq.
Mr. Darcy Clark . . .
4
2
4
2
Mr. England ....
The Rev. Mr. Hinchman
1
1
10
6
Mr. John Church . .
Mr. Thomas Davey . .
1
3
16
3
The Rev. Mr. Ingham
Collected at Rev. Mr.
10
6
The Rev. Mr. Davidson
2
2
Ino-ham's ....
4
9
10
Mr Death
2
2
Mr. Portsmouth . . .
10
6
Mrs. Anne English . .
Mr. John English . .
6
3
6
3
Mrs. Payton ....
Mr. Russell ....
2
1
2
1
Deacon Fuller . . .
4
4
From Sundries . . .
3
4
Mr. Fordham ....
Mr. Harriott ....
5
10
5
6
Mr. Vicary ....
Rev. Mr. Underwood .
10
10
6
6
Mr. Halls
1
1
o
The Rev. Dr. Hall,
Dean of Booking . ,
1
1
BRIGHTHELMSTONE, IN
SUSSEX.
Mr. Hall
10
6
n n 4- A e TV/T T* u
Mr. Joseph Josline . .
10
6
uoiiecteu. 01 ivir. .tseacn
and other Friends of
Mr. John Lambert . .
5
5
Religion
8
1
9
Mr. Isaac Livermore
1
6
Mr. Thomas Lake . .
Mr. Livermore, Glazier
2
1
2
1
BEACONSFIELD, IN BUCKINGHAM-
Mrs. Mayor ....
6
6
SHIRE.
Rev. Mr. Powell, Rector
2
2
Mr. Samuel Anthony .
2
2
Mr. Quincey ....
10
6
Collected at the Rev.
Mrs. Reeve ....
5
5
Mr. Darby's . . .
7
7
9
Mr. Richard Sayer . .
6
6
J
Dr. Stapleton ....
Mr. Joseph Saville . .
5
3
5
3
BEVERLY, IN YORKSHIRE.
Mr. John Tabor . . .
6
6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Samuel Tabor . .
5
5
Mr. Harris' ., . .
4
12
8|
420
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
BOSTON, IN LINCOLNSHIRE.
Brought by Mr. Robert
Barlow 10 10
BUNGAY, IN SUFFOLK.
Mr. Thomas Prentice . 550
Collected and sent by
the Rev. Mr. New-
ton, near Norwich . 1170
BEWDLEY, IN WORCESTERSHIRE.
Collected by the Revs.
Messrs. Skeys ... 20 3 3
BATH.
The Right Rev. the
Bishop of Derry . .
Mrs. Browne ....
Mrs. B. Bethell . . .
Mrs. Bethell ....
William Blake, Esq. .
Mrs. Bearsley ....
Mr. John Bleakley . .
Thomas Bury, Esq. . .
Countess of Charleville
Mr. Colborne ....
Mr. Benjamin Colborne
Mr Cox . . .
10 10
10
550
550
330
220
1 1
1 1
550
220
220
110
Governor Dinwiddie
The Rev. Dr. Dechair
Mrs. E ....
The Rev. Mr. Frank .
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Frank's . . .
Dr. Gusthart ....
Hall Atfield, Esq. . .
Mr. William Hoare . .
Mrs. Hervey ....
IMr Jones .
330
220
1 1
1 1
26 10 4
220
10 6
110
10 6
10 6
The Rev. Mr. Jessie .
Major Maine ....
Mr Allen
1 1
550
110
Andrew Millar, Esq.
Mr. Richard Marchant
Mr. Edward Marchant
Mrs. Magee ....
John Miller, Esq. . .
Dr. Moysey . . . .
Mr. Parker ....
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Parsons .
James Roffey, Esq. . .
550
330
110
110
110
110
1 1
11 8 11
550
Mrs. Revead ....
William Roffie, Esq. .
Hon. Richard Salter .
The Rev. J. Sparrow .
Mrs. Shally ....
Mr. Speering ....
Unknown
John Wentworth, Esq.,
Governor of New
Hampshire ....
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Wesley's . . .
BROMPTON.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Potts' ....
CHALFORD.
Collected by the Rev.
Mr. Phene ....
CROSCOMBE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Watkins' . . .
1 1
1 1
5 5
1 1
1 1
5
5
21
615
206
660
1 13
CALUMPTON, IN DEVONSHIRE.
Collected at Rev. Messrs.
Cassel's and Morgan's 5 9 <
CULMSTOCK.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Gillerd's . . .
516
CREDITON, IN DEVONSHIRE.
Rev. Mr. Hart, Vicar . 11 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. J. Berry's . . 30
CHUDLEIGH, IN DEVONSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Joel Orchard's . 1113 6
CREWKERN.
The Rev. Mr. Taggart .
The Rev. Mr. Cox . .
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Blake's . . .
110
10 6
17 4 4
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
421
COVENTRY, IN WARWICKSHIRE.
Mr. John Deeks . . .
Dr -
110
10 6
The Rev. Dr. Edwards
and three of his par-
ishioners . ... 3 13 6
The Rev. Mr. Dowdle .
Mr. John Fordham . .
TYp C* rrl frp v
10 6
10 6
111 fi
Collected of the Rev.
Messrs. Jackson's and
Lloyd's people . ... 56 7 2-J-
Collected of the Rev. Mr.
Butterworth's people 10 19 6
Collected of the Rev.
Messrs. Simpson's and
Alcott's people . . 39 14 101
Mr. Cleve 1 16
Mr. Edward Harrington
Mrs. Elizabeth Mason .
Mr. Midcalf ....
The Rev. Mr. Petto .
Mrs. E. Powel . . .
Mr. Robert Rist . . .
Mr. Edward Seach . .
Mr. Robert Salmon . .
TVTV SVmttlpwnrtVi
10 6
10 6
10 6
10 6
15
1 1
220
220
10 fi
Mrs. Tibbits .... 110
Unknown
110
Mr Mayor . 110
31 q e
CIRENCESTER, IN GLOUCESTER-
SHIRE.
The Rev. Mr. Davis . 1116
Mr. Freeman .... 220
Mr. Kimber .... 110
Mr. Wilkins .... 110
The Rev. Mr. Johnson. 10 6
Mr. Wavel 10 6
Mrs. Urwine ....
Mr. John Wright . .
Two Widows ....
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Petto 's ....
CAMBRIDGE.
Of Mr. Robinson, by a
person unknown
10 6
220
10 6
797
21
Mr. Francis Turner . . 10 6
Mr. John Reeve and
Unknown .... 10
Ebenezer Hollick, Esq.
Mr. Richard Forster .
Mis Patterson . . .
MJ* Eaton
10 10
550
330
330
CHELTENHAM, IN GLOUCESTER-
SHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Dunscomb's . 949
Mr. Lincoln ....
Dr. Randall, Professor
of Music
The Rev. Mr. Robinson
220
220
1 7
170
CARLISLE, IN CUMBERLAND.
The Rev. Mr. Robinson 10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Mills ..... 8147
CASTLE HEDINGHAM.
The Rev. Mr. Ford . 220
Mr. Purchase ....
Mrs. Hawthorn . . .
Alderman Gifford . .
The Rev. Mr. Jones (Ely)
Mr. Mayor
Messrs. Penticross &
Decoetligon . . .
Unknown, by Mr. Brooks
Mrs. Lancaster and Mrs.
Halsall
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
15 9
Mr. U 110
Dr Smith Vice- Chan-
Collected at the Rev.
10 6
Mr. Ford's . . . . 12 14 3|
Mr. N. V. Stephens .
Mr. Juet ....
10 6
10 6
COGGESHAI L IN ESSEX
Mr. Pike
10 6
10 6
Mr. John Abbott . . 220
Mr. Buxton .... 110
Mr. Joseph Bott ... 10 6
Mr. Joseph Choate . . 110
Mr. John Choate ... 10 6
Mr. William Blows
(Whittier) ....
Mr. Rayner (Duxford)
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Robinson's . .
10 6
10 6
22 10 3
422
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Collected at the Kev.
Mr. Saunders' . . . 1755
CLEAVERING.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Reynolds' ... 5 12 8
CHESHAM IN BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
Scotto Esq. . . 550
Dr. Rumsey ..... 110
Mr. Lasenby .... 110
Mr. John Harden . . 110
Mr. Putnam .... 13
Mr. Hepburn .... 10 6
Mr. Richard Wheeler . 10 6
Mr. John Priest ... 10 6
Mr. Putnam .... 106
Mr. Simson .... 10 6
Mr. Treacher .... 10 6
The Rev. Mr. Spooner 10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Cock's and Mr.
Spooner's .... 688
CHEYNE3.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Cromwell's . . 486
COLNBROOKE, IN BUCKINGHAM-
SHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Woodman's . . 6 12
The Rev. Mr. Leighton,
ofUxbridge ... 110
CRANBROOKE, IN KENT.
Collected at the Rev.
Messrs. Noyse's and
Dobb's 780
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Colville's of
Goodhurst .... 17 6
CANTERBURY, IN KENT.
The Rev. Mr. Perronet 110
The Rev. Mr. Benge . 110
The Rev. Mr. Delasay . 5
Mr. Claris 110
Mr. Lapine .... 10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Messrs. Sheldon's and
Chapman's . . . . 15 17 2
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Perronet' s ... 230
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Wesley's ... 2 16 8
CHATHAM, IN KENT.
William Gordon, Esq.,
and Lady .... 220
Brooks, Esq. . . 110
Dr. Craddocke ... 110
Mr. Poley . . . . 10 6
Mr. Stubbs .... 10 6
Unknown 20
Collected at Messrs.
Neal's & Meremeth's 310 6
Collected at the Taber-
nacle 11 2 2f
THE DEVIZES IN WILTSHIRE.
Collected by the Rev.
Mr. Benj. Fullar and
the Rev. Mr. Henry
Williams .... 28 7
DARTMOUTH, IN DEVONSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Adams' . . . 23 10 6
DORCHESTER, IN DORSETSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Lamb's ... 12 12 5
Persons unknown, sent
to Messrs. Pewtress &
Robarts ...... 220
DUDLEY, IN WORCESTERSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Handcox's . . 12 12 lOf
DERBY.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Thomas White's 5 14 9
DEDHAM.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Bingham's . . 13 13 6
DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE.
423
DURHAM.
Collected at the Dis-
senting Meeting . . 2 18
DOVER, IN KENT.
Collected at the Rev.
Messrs. Holt's and
Ashdown's .... 81
DENTON, IN NORFOLK.
Collected by the Rev.
Mr. Booking . . .
7
10
A Clergyman ....
10
6
A Gentleman ....
7
6
DEAL, IN KENT.
Collected by the Rev.
Mr. John Say . .
3
15
8
EXETER, IN DEVONSHIRE.
Mr. Joseph Allen . .
1
1
Mr. Edward Addicott .
1
1
Dr. Andrews ....
1
1
Mr Abbot ....
10
6
A. C
10
6
Mr. Charles Barrinf .
3
3
Mr. Bellfield ....
1
1
Mrs. Buckland . . .
1
1
Mr. Caleb Blight . . .
10
6
Mr. Britland ....
10
6
Mr. John Bowrug . .
10
6
Mr. Bastard ....
10
6
Mr. Bidwell ....
10
6
Mrs. Elizabeth Batters-
bv
5
3
Benjamin & Elizabeth
Binham, each . . .
1
Mr. Cranch ....
2
2
Mr. Samuel Coade . .
1
1
Mr. John Carter, per
Mrs. Trowbridge . .
1
1
The Rev. Mr. Clark .
1
1
Mr. Peter Clark . . .
1
1
Mr. William Clark . .
1
1
Mrs. Coleman ....
1
1
Mr. William Coward .
1
1
Mr. Coffin, Sen. . . .
1
1
Messrs. Clark & Mayne
11
Mr. Cross ....
10
6
Mr. Charlock ....
10
6
Mr. Coffin, Jr. ...
10
6
Mr. Thomas Coffin . .
10
6
Miss Coffin . . . .
5
3
Mr. Casely
Mr. Joel Cadbury . .
Mr. John Catbury . .
Mr. John Cadbury . .
John Duntze, Esq. .
Mrs. Dickers ....
John Duntze, Esq., Sr. .
Mrs. Durnsford . . .
Capt. Dawson . . .
Mr. Dennis , . . .
Mr. Richard Durnsford
Mrs. Evans ....
Mrs. Ann Enty . . .
Mr. Richard Evans . .
Mr. Matthew Frost . .
Dr. Glass
Mr. Thomas Gearing .
Madam Gould . . .
Mr. Jonathan Green .
Mr. James Green
Mr. Thomas Glass .
Mr. Benjamin Grant .
Dr. Gifford ....
Mr. G. A. Gibbs . . .
Mrs. Glyde, widow . .
Mr. John Gifford . .
Mr. Joseph Gillett . .
Mrs. Glyde ....
Mr. Samuel Glyde . .
Mr. William Grigg . .
Mr. John Holmes, Jr. .
Mrs. Mary Hollworthy .
Mr. Harris
Mrs. Hallett, widow
Mrs. Hillman, widow .
Mr. William Hornsey .
Miss Handlugh . . .
Mr. William Holmes .
The Rev. Mr. Hogg . .
Rev. Mr. Richard Hale
Mr. Hornsey ....
Mr. Hartsel ....
Mrs. Jones, widow . .
Mr. John Jerwood . .
Mr. Herman Katten-
camp
Mr. Abraham Kenneway
Mr. Wm. Kenneway,
Sen
Mr. William Kenneway
Mr. William Kent . .
Mr. Kelley
Matthew Lee, Esq. . .
Mrs. Lee
Mrs. Lavington . . .
Mr. William Luke . .
10 6
10 6
5
5
660
440
330
10 6
10 6
10 6
5 3
110
110
1 1
10 6
330
220
1 10
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
12 6
10 6
5 3
3 3
2 2
1 1
1 1
1 1
10 6
10 6
10 6
10 6
10 6
5 3
5 3
1 1
110
330
220
550
220
110
10 6
424
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Capt. Luke
Mr. John Luke . . .
Mr. Luscombe, Sr. . .
Mr. Humph. Mortiraore
Mr. Samuel Milford . .
Mr. Mandrott ....
The Rev. Dr. Musgrave
Dr. Musgrave, M. D. .
Mrs. Katharine Moore .
The Rev. Mr. Moore .
Mr. Killow Nation . .
Mr. James Newman . .
Mr. Ogburn ....
Mr. Samuel Parminter .
Mrs. Praed ....
Mr. John Vowler Par-
minter
Mrs. Pope (widow) . .
Mr Joseph Pope . . .
Mrs. Parminter . . .
Mr. Benjamin Peckford
Mr. John Phillips .
Mr. Matthew A. Paul .
Mr. William Pittfield .
Mr. Robert Prudom
Mr. Pengelly ....
Paddington Meeting
The Rev. Mr. Chancel-
lor Quick ....
Mr. John Reed . . .
Mrs. Ridler ....
Mr. Reeves ....
Mrs. Stockes, by the
Rev. Mr. Towgood ..
Mr. Thomas Smith . .
Mr. Samuel Short .
The two Miss Shepherds
Mr. John Stoodley . . ,
Mr. John Stephens . .
Mr. Charles Stoodley .
Mr. George Sealey . .
Mr. John Shorland . .
John Shapley, Esq. . .
Mr. Joshua Saunders .
Mr. Edward Score . .
Mr. Samuel Sweetings .
Mr. Strong
Mr. Spry
S. C
Mr. Sams
Mrs. Skinner ....
Mr. Jonathan Tucker .
The Rev. Mr. Stephen
Mr. William Tucker .
Towgood ....
Miss Townsends . .
10
6
10
6
10
6
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
10
6
11
6
2 2
1 1
5
3
5 5
3 12
2 2
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
10
6
10
6
1 19
6
2 2
1 11
6
1 1
4
3 3
2 2
2 2
2 2
1 16
1 7
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
1
2
6
2 2
1 11
6
1 1
1 1
2
2
2
2
3
3
1
9
1
3
6
1
1
15
9
10
G
10
G
6
9
5
3
Messrs. Tozer and Da-
vis 110
The Rev. Mr. Tozer . 110
The Rev. Mr. Micajah
Towgood .... 110
Mr. Tanner .... 10 6
Mrs. Mary Trowbridge 10 6
The Rev. Mr. Turner . 10 6
Mr. Tucker .... 10 6
Mr. Henry Tarrant . . 69
The Rev. Mr. Tarrant . 5 3
Unknown, per Rev. Mr.
Towgood .... 3 12
Ditto, per ditto . . .
Mrs. Vowler ....
Unknown
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto, per Mrs. Pope .
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto, per Mr. Morris .
Ditto 53
Ditto 50
Ditto 50
Ditto
John Waldron, Esq. .
Mr. John Waymouth .
Mr. Henry* Waymouth
Mr. Samuel Waymouth
Mrs. Mary Waymouth
Miss Waymouth . . .
Mrs. Sarah Waymouth
Mr. Benjamin Withers
Mr. Joshua William, Sr.
Mr. Joshua William, Jr.
James White, Esq. . .
Mr. Franklin Waldron
Mr. Thomas Williams .
Mrs. Whites .... 10 6
Mr. Edward White . . 106
Collected at the New
Meeting 25 8 5]
Ditto at Bow . . . . 19 9 9-^
Ditto at the Rev. Mr.
William's .... 5175^
Ditto at Rev. Mr. Lewis' 317 9
Ditto at the New Bap-
tist Meeting ... 3 16 6
EVERSDEN.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Bond's .... 3170
3
6
3 3
2 2
2 2
2 2
1 10
1 7
1 7
1 7
1 1
10
6
1 1
1 1
1 1
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
425
EVERSHAM, IN WORCESTERSHIRE.
Collected at the Eev.
Mr. Cardale's ... 4 11 21
Rev. Mr. Cardale 220
FROOME, IN SOMERSETSHIRE.
Mr. T. Bunn . . . .
Mr. Smith
Mr. and Mrs. Bayley .
Mr. Walter Sheppard
Mr. William Sheppard .
Mr. John Allen . . .
Mr. Mortimer's House .
The Rev. Mr. Housdon
Mr. Burril
Mrs. Sheppard . . .
Mr. Z. Bailey . . .
Mr. JTandcock . . .
Mrs. Handcock . . .
The Rev. Mr. Clarke .
Mrs. Pritchard . . .
Mr. Henry Allen . . .
Mr. Matthews . . .
Mr. Dan. and Mrs. Le-
titia Wayland . . .
Mr. J. Allen and Mrs.
. Rachel Tymball . .
Mr. Henry Sheppard .
Mrs. Lacey ....
Mr. Griffith ....
Mr. Ames . . . . .
Mr. James Jordan . .
Mr. Benjamin Ball . .
Some Silver ....
The Rev. Mr. Kingdon
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Kingdon's . . .
The Rev. Mr. Sedge-
field
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Sedsefield's .
5 5
4 4
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
12
6
1 1
18 18 6
220
1216 6
FARNHAM, IN SURREY.
Rev. Mr. John Wig-
more 10 6
Unknown 10 6
FOLKSTONE, IN KENT.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Whitehead's . . 13 6
GLOUCESTER.
Alderman Harris and
Friends 770
Esquire Wade ... 220
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Dickinson's . . 13 14 3
Ditto at the Rev. Mr.
N. Phene's .... 52 6 9
Sent afterwards by Rev.
Mr. Phene . . 2 17
GLASTONBURY, IN SOMERSET-
SHIRE.
The Rev. Mr. Phillips
1 1
GOSPORT, IN HANTS.
Mr. Robert Waller . . 550
The Rev. Mr. Williams 110
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Williams' . . . 39 4 2
GILDERSOM.
The Rev. Mr. Ash-
worth's Collection . 400
GUILDFORD, IN SURREY.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Chamberlain's .
1 18
GODALMING IN SURREY.
The Rev. Mr. Ring . 110
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Ring's .... 230
GRAVESEND, IN KENT.
Collected by Mr. Oc-
com at the Meeting . Ill 3]
HITCHIN, IN HERTFORDSHIRE.
John Radcliffe, Esq. . 550
Miss Ann Ireland . . 550
Mr. Brown .... 550
Mr. Simson .... 440
Mr. John Dearmer . . 440
The Rev. Mr. Hickman 330
Mr. Vincent .... 330
Mr. John Dermer . . 330
Mr. Thomas Dermer . 330
426
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Mr. Richard Tristam .
3
3
HALLIFAX, IN YORKSHIRE.
Mr. John Gutherage .
Mr. William Wiltshire,
Jr ....
3
3
3
3
Dr. Leigh, Vicar . .
Collected of the people
10
10
The Rev. Mr. W. . .
2
2
of the Established
Mr. John Stephens . .
Mr. John Goodwyn . .
Mrs. Brown ....
Mr. John Creasey . .
Mr. Isaac Field . . .
Mr. Philip Rudd . ,
Mr Hide
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
o
Church
Mr. John Lea ....
Mr. Benj. Dickinson .
Mr. Jeremiah Marshall
Mr. James Kershaw . .
Mr. David Stansfield .
Mr. William Buck . .
13
3
2
2
2
2
2
18
3
2
2
2
2
2
Miss Sukey Field . .
Mr. William Childs . .
1
1
1
1
Mr. Joseph Rollings
Collected at Hallifax
1
1
10
13
6
Mr. Thomas Baldock .
.
15
9
Collected at the Rev.
Mrs. Flack
10
6
Mr. Knight's . . .
4
4
8 ^
Unknown
10
6
Mr. Henry Croesy . .
10
6
HECKMONDWAKE.
Mrs. Wiltshire . . .
10
6
Mr. John Newman . .
10
6
Rev. Mr. James Scott .
5
5
Mr. Patternoster . . .
10
6
Mr. John Priestly, Sr. .
5
5
Mrs. Warbv ....
10
6
Mr. Joseph Priestley .
5
5
Mr. William Crawley .
10
6
Mr. William Priestley .
5
5
Miss Sally Smith . .
5
3
By Sundry Persons . .
1
16
6
Collected at the Rev.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Hickman's . .
13
7
8J
Mr. Scott's ....
16
3
^
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. James' ....
84
7
HULL, IN YORKSHIRE.
HULL BISHOPS
The Corporation of Hull
21
The Rev. Mr. Haskell .
1
1
The Corporation of the
Trinity House, at
Mrs. Downing ....
10
6
Hull
21
Thomas Drake, Esq.
10
6
Alderman Watson & Son
10
10
Mr. Robert Daw . . .
5
Alderman Wilberforce .
10
10
Alderman Cogan . . .
5
5
HALL STOCK.
Robert Wilberforce, Esq.
5
5
William Thornton, Esq.
5
5
Collected by Mr. Oc-
H. Etherington, Esq. .
5
5
com
15
9
Joseph Sykes, Esq. . .
-5
5
Mr. P. Green ....
4
4
HARBOROUGH, IN LEICESTER-
Joseph Pease, Esq. . .
3
3
SHIRE.
The Rev. Mr. Arthur
Robinson, Vicar .
2
2
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Addington's . .
28
1
6
Cornelius Cayley, Esq. .
Benjamin Blaydes, Esq.
2
2
2
2
Nathaniel Maisters, Esq.
2
2
HOOKNORTON.
Mr. Robert Macfarland
2
2
Mrs. Frances Wilkinson
2
2
The Rev. Mr. Whitmore
2
3
Mrs. Jane Wilkinson .
2
2
Mr. Richard Moxon, etc.
1
1
HAWORTH.
The Rev. Mr. Clarke .
1
1
Gardner Egginton, Esq.
1
1
Collected at the Rev.
-
Mr Spivie . ...
1
1
Mr. Hartley's . .
12
6
H
Mr. Hickson ....
1
1
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
427
Mrs. Hannah Hall . . 110
Peter Thornton, Esq. . 110
A Providential Guinea . 110
Mrs. Ann Thompson . 10 6
Mrs. Lydia Finley . . 50
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Burnet's ... 24
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Beverly's . . . 17
HADLEY, IN SUFFOLK.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Tom's .... 13 2 1
HALSTEAD, IN ESSEX.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Field's .... 23 9
HEMPSTEAD IN HERTFORDSHIRE.
Dr. Wiltshire . ... 10 10
The Rev. Mr. Jones . 220
The Rev. Mr. White-
head, etc 1116
The Rev. Dr. Sterling . 110
Rich. Richardson, Esq. 110
Mr. Collett 110
Mr. Squires .... 10 6
Mr. Dearmer .... 106
Rev. Mr. Hews, Curate 2 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Jones' .... 11 5 1
HIGH WICKHAM, IN BUCKINGHAM-
SHIRE.
Mr. Carter 330
The Rev. Mr. Smithson 330
Mrs. Price 2 12 6
Mr. Allnut and Children 212 6
Mr. Edmund Ball . . 220
Mr. Hartley's Family . 220
Mr. Haydon .... 220
Mr. Shrimpton ... 220
Mr. John Hollis ... 220
Mr. Hannon .... 110
Mrs. Aldersey .... 110
Mrs. Salter 110
Mr. Grove 110
Mr. Blackwell ... 1 ' 1
Mrs. Ives 110
The Rev. Mr. Llewellin,
Clergyman .... 110
Mrs. Galpin .... 110
Mrs. Kiddle .
Mr. Crouch .
Mrs. Gibbons .
Mr. Goodwin .
Mr. Doney
Mr. Lee
10 6
10 6
10 6
10 6
10 6
53
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Smithson's . . 7 7 ll
HENLEY.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Gainsborough's . 8 14 10
HORSHAM, IN SUSSEX.
Mr. Thos. Shelley, Jr. . 110
Mrs. Shelley .... 10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Thomas' ... 3 17
Collected at the Baptist
Meeting ..... 140
HYTHE, IN KENT.
Collected at the Rev:
Mr. Clarke's ... 790
Rev. Mr. Smith, Clergy-
man ...... 10 6
HERTFORD.
From an Unknown
Friend, by Rev. Mr.
Saunders . . . . 550
Mr. Isaac Rudd ... 220
Mr. Thomas Jeeves . . 220
Dr. Samuel Rogers . . 2j 2
Mrs. Whittenburg and
Children ..... 220
Mrs. Upton and Children 220
Mr. Sprat .."... 220
Richard Isles, Esq. . . 220
Miss Isles ..... '220
Mrs. Dimsdale . ,. . 22
Mrs. Came ..... 220
Mrs. Chamberlain . . 110
Mrs. Gatward .... 110
Mrs. Haynes .... 110
Mrs. Man ..... 110
Mr. Lawrence ... 110
Mr. Rackstraw ... 110
Mr. Haynes .... 110
Mr. Benjamin Young . 110
Mr. Worsley .... 110
Mr. John Flack ... 110
428
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Mr. Thomas Plows . . 10 6
Mr. John Page ... 10 6
Mr. Samuel Saunders . 10 6
Miss Martha East . . 10 6
Mrs. Hanscombe ... 10 6
Mr. John Harrod . . 10 6
Rev. Mr. John Saunders 110
Mr. J. Wood .... 10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Saunders' . . . 20 11 9
IPSWICH, IX SUFFOLK.
Mr. John Barnard . . 4-40
Mr. John Flindall . . 440
Mr. John Turner . . 330
Miles Wallis, Esq. . . 330
Mr. George Nolcut . . 220
Messrs. John and Jos.
Flindall 220
Mr. Ralph Hare ... 220
Mr. John May Dring . 220
Mr. John Scott ... 273
Mr. Daniel Wade and
two Sisters .... 220
Unknown 1 12 6
Mr. Ralph 110
Mr. Ralph's Sister . . 10 6
Mr. George Death . . 110
Mr. Abbot 110
Mrs. Abbot .... 110
Mr. Philip Dikes . . 110
Mr. Joseph Byles . . 110
Mr. J. Hall .... 110
Mr. Paul Smith ... 110
Mr. John Beardwell . 110
Mr. Robert Sporle. . . 110
Mr. William Clarke . . 110
Mrs. Clark 10 6
The Rev. Mr. Scott . 10 6
Rev. Mr. Lathbury . 5 8
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Edward's . . . 33 8 6
KINGSBRIDGE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Curtis' .... 12
KETTERING, IN NORTHAMPTON-
SHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Boyce's ... 20 7 3
From several of Mr.
Boyce's people . . 669
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Browne's . . 3 13 6
From Rev. Mr. Matlock 14 6
Mr. Buswall .... 20
KIDDERMINSTER, IN WORCESTER-
SHIRE.
The Rev. Mr. Fawcett,
in Books .....
Mr. John Watson . .
Mr. John Broome and
Son ......
Messrs. Cranes . . .
Mr. Joseph Austin . .
Messrs. John & Francis
Lea ......
Mr. Nich. Pearsall and
Son ......
Mr. Jefferys and Son .
Mrs. Longmore ...
Mr. Henry Penn ...
Mrs. Bate .....
Mr. Nicholas Penn . .
Mr. John Symonds . .
Mr. Francis Best . .
The Rev. Mr. Orton .
Dr. Johnstone ...
Mr. Thomas Richardson
Mr. Samuel Read . .
Mr. Talbutt ....
Mr. John Wilkinson .
Mrs. Aaron ....
Mr. John Butler . . .
Mr. John Pearsall . .
Mr. John Baker . . .
Mr. John Lea ....
Mr. Benjamin Lea . .
Mr. Harper ....
Mr. Hanbury ....
Mr. Hornblower . . .
Mr. James Hill . . .
Mr. John Richardson .
Mr. John Cooper . .
Mr. John Wright . .
Mr. Broom, Sr. . . .
Miss Symonds . . .
By Sundry Persons . .
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Fawcett's . . .
KEPPIN.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Whitford's . .
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
660
550
5 5
44
o
440
330
330
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
220
1 11 6
1 11 6
1 1
1 1
1 1
110
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
10 6
14 2 6
21 4 1}
6178
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
429
KEIGHLEY.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Neil's .... 550
LUTON, IN HERTFORDSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Hall's .... 676
LUTTERWORTH, IN LEICESTER-
SHIRE.
Collected at Rev. Messrs.
Do wley and Kidman's 16 15 2
LIVERPOOL, IN LANCASHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Johnson's . . . 16 10 7
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Wesley's ... 880
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Endfield's . . . 15 1
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Hall's . . . . 11 13 4
Collected by Sundries . 960
LEEDS, IN YORKSHIRE.
Lady Margaret Ingham 550
Mrs. Medhurst ... 550
Mr. C. Barnard, in Tes-
taments 440
LONG MILFORD.
Henry Moore, Esq. . . 660
Hon. Wm. Campbell,
Esq 550
Robert Cook, Esq. . . 330
William Jennings, Esq. 330
Kedington, Esq. . 1160
Mrs. Bradley .... 110
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Hubbard's . . 11 17 10
MINCHIN HAMPTON, IN GLOUCES-
TERSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Francis' ... 5106
M H 10 6
Mr. William Innell . . ] 6
Mrs. Fuller .... 50
MODBURY.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Moore's ... 3 14 1
MARTOCK.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Baker's ... 431
MILBORNE PORT.
Collected by Mr. Scott . 2 15 6
MORLEY.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Morgan's ... 800
MELBORN, IN CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
Mr. Forster .... 110
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Cooper's ... 14 9 3f
MARGATE, IN KENT.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Purchase's . . 4 13 8
MAIDSTONE, IN KENT.
Mrs. Prosper .... 550
The two Mrs. Maynard's 3120
The two Miss Todds . 330
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. John Edwards' . 15 3 10J
Collected by the Rev.
Mr. Thomas Whit-
taker . 14 14
Collected by the Rev.
Mr. Wesley's People 8 1 6
LINTON, IN CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
Mr. Hay lock .... 1116
Mr. Barker .... 10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Curtis's . . . 521
LEWES, IN SUSSEX.
Collected of Sundries
and at Rev. Mr. John-
son's 20 4 lOf
430
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Mrs. Travers ....
330
220
Mr. Fullagar ....
220
Mr. Wicking ....
220
Mr. Sawkins ....
220
Mr. Beal Boreman . .
1 11 6
Mrs. Heath . ...
1 11 6
Mrs. Savage ....
110
Mrs. Polhill ....
110
Mrs. Sharp ....
110
Mr. Prentice ....
110
Mr. Winter ....
110
110
Mr. Joseph Harris . .
110
Mr. Jesser
110
Mr. Dawson ....
10 6
Mrs Dean .
10 6
Messrs. Knowlden &
Blythe
9 6
Mr. Bleio-h
5 3
Mr. Leicester ....
2 6
Collected at the Rev.
Messrs. Lewis', Jen-
kins', and Wyethe's .
17 9
Collected by Mr. Oc-
com ... . .
7 18 9^
MORPETH.
110
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Trotter's . . .
12 11 3|
NEWTON ABBOTT.
Rev. Mr. Peter Fabian
110
The Rev. Mr. Hewgo,
Curate of Newton
10 6
Mr. Joseph Tozer . .
220
Mr. Samuel Flammark .
1 1
Mr. Joseph Westcott .
Mr. John Matthews . .
1 6
110
Mr. John Tozer and
Family
1 13 6
Mr. William Flammark
10 6
Mrs. Mary Matthews .
10 6
Sundries
496
NEWPORT, IN THE ISLE OF WIGHT.
Thomas Urry, Esq. . . 550
Mr. Kirkpatrick ... 550
Dr. Cook 220
Mr. Sharp 220
Mrs. Trattle .... 220
Mr. Stephen Leigh . . 1116
The Rev. Mr. Sturch . 110
Mr. Richard Cooke . . 110
Mr. Thomas Cooke . . 110
Mr. Temple .... 110
Mr. John Clarke ... 110
The Rev. Mr. Atkins . 110
Mr. Till 110
Mr. Brown .... 110
Counsellor White . . 110
Mr. Holliere .... 110
Mrs. Whitehead ... 110
Farmer Cook .... 110
Mr. Douglas .... 110
Mr. Caleb Cook ... 110
Dr. Cowlam .... 10 6
Mr. Upward .... 10 6
Messrs. Lucas & Hol-
lier 10 6
Captain Pike .... 10 6
Mr. Nichols .... 10 6
Mr. Wilson . . . ., 10 6
Mr. John Taylor ... 10 6
Rev. Mr. Edwards . . 100
Sundry persons ... 123
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Atkins' ... 7 8 10
Sent afterwards by Mr.
Kirkpatrick .... 18 1 6
NORTHAMPTON.
Rev. Mr. Ryland . . 110
Joseph Churchill, Esq. 110
Mr. Edward Whitton . 10 6
The Rev. Mr. Timms . 5 3
Mr. Dicey 53
Mr. Win ..... 46
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Rylands . . . 2011 8|
Ditto at the Rev. Mr.
Hextal's 24 3
NOTTINGHAM.
Collected at Rev.
Messrs. Sloss' and
Allistone's .... 41 15 9
Capt. Scott .... 110
Collected of Rev. Mr.
Wesley's people, by
ditto 2 11 8
Collected of Dr. Eaton's
people
Mr. Fellows .... 220
Mrs. Burden .... 110
Mr. Immino's .... 110
Mr. Benj. Bull and Son 110
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
431
Mr. Seagrage .... 110
Alderman Hornbuccle . 110
Mr. Foxcroft .... 110
Mr. J. Buxton ... 10 6
Mr. Wilkinson ... 10 6
Mr. Stubbins .... 10 6
By Sundries .... 106
lev. Mr. Tapps, Curate
of St. George's . .
Rev. Mr. Philip Pyle .
Rev. Dr. Wood . . .
Dr. Peck
Alderman Crowe . .
Alderman Woods . .
Aldermen Ives and
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
NEWCASTLE-UNDER-LINE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Willotts ... 850
NAMPTWICH, IN CHESHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Haughton's . . 839
NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.
Mayor and Corporation 21
Sir Walter Blackett . 10 10
Alderman Rogers . .
Mr. Lincoln ....
Messrs. Day and Watts
Mr. John Woodrow
Mr. Jeremiah Pestle .
Charles Weston, Esq. .
Mr. Claxton Smith . .
Mr. Stephen Gardiner .
Philip Stannard, Esq. .
Mrs. Corsbie ....
Mr. Baldy and others .
Mr. Patterson and Sis-
ter
1 1
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
130
130
1 11 6
Collected of Sundries . 380
Cookson, Esq. . . 550
Rev. Mr. Burcham . .
Mrs. Cubit
110
110
Joseph Ord, Esq. . . 440
Mr Airy .... 220
Mr. Robert Sewell . .
Mr William Firth
1 1
110
]Mr Hinsman ....
110
Messrs. Widdrington &
Gibbons .... 110
Capt. Smith ....
Mr Thomas Harvey .
1 10
110
Dr. Stoddart, etc. . . 16 6
Mr. Donoldson ... 110
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Lowthian's . . 21 4 llj
Ditto at Rev. Mr. Ogil-
vie's 15 15
Mr. John Ives ....
Mr. Sidley Reymes . .
Mr. James Wheeler
Mr. Gimmingham . .
Mr. John Reymes . .
Mr Hopson ....
110
1 1
1 1
1 1
110
110
Ditto at Rev. Mr. Shields 15 4 3
DUto at the Rev. Mr.
Richardson's ... 3 18 8
Ditto at Rev. Mr. At-
kins' . . . 13 10
Messrs. Smith & Barlow
Rev. Dr. Newton . .
Mr. Beardman . . .
Mr. Partridge ....
Mrs Pie (10s 6rf) and
110
1 1
1 1
110
Ditto at Rev. Mr. Mur-
others
190
ray's 23 3
Mr. Whinnard
10 6
Ditto by the Rev. Mr.
Wesley 631
Mr. Ferguson ....
Mr Ollyett . . .
10 6
10 6
Ditto by Rev. Mr. Peel,
Mr Wigo-it
10 6
of Hexham .... 2 18
Ditto, and paid into the
Bank 366
Mr. Shalders ....
Mr. .Beavers ....
Collected at the Rev
10 6
10 6
NORWICH, IN NORFOLK.
Mr Mayor 110
Dr. Wood's Chapel .
Alderman Marsh . .
Samuel Wiggett, Esq. .
Mr. James Tompson
32 1 6
330
330
330
John Ruggles, Esq. . . 550
Mr. John Scott & Sons 550
Mr. Wm. Barnet & Son 440
Mr. Thomas Paul . . 330
Mr. Coldham ....
Mr. Bayley ....
Mr. William Taylor .
Peter Finch, Esq. . .
220
220
220
220
432
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Mr. William Carter . .
2
2
NORTH GRAM.
Mr. Na smith .
2
2
Mr. William Fell . .
1
1
Mrs. Horton ....
1
1
Rev. Mr. John Hoyle .
1
1
Mrs. Wainhouse . .
10
6
The Rev. Mr. Bruckner
1
1
Mrs. Holmes ....
10
6
Mr. Charles Marsh . .
1
1
Collected at the Rev.
Dr. Manning ....
Mr. James Smith, Sen.
1
1
1
1
Mr. Hesketh's . . .
3
3
Mr. Philip Taylor . .
1
1
OLNEY AND NEWPORT.
Mr. Charles Dalrymple
1
1
Mr. Wright Smith . .
Mr. Martineau . . .
1
1
1
1
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Drake's . . .
9
4
7
Mr. John Baldy . . .
1
1
The Rev. Mr. Bull . .
10
6
Mr. Peter Fromow . .
1
1
Mr. James Barrow . .
1
1
OXFORD, ETC.
Mrs. Chamberlain .
Miss Pointer ....
Mrs. Lessingham . .
Mr. Thomas Newman .
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
From Merton College .
The Rev. Mr. Kilner .
The Rev. Mr. Stilling-
5
1
5
1
1X1,*,. TJiv/l
i
1
fleet
1
1
Mr. Frederick Friday .
Mr. J. Trull ....
X
10
5
6
3
The Rev. Mr. Blaney .
Mrs. Kent
1
2
1
2
Miss Lincolnes
5
3
Mr. Archdale Rook . .
1
1
Mr. Christopher New-
5
Mr. Thomas Plater . .
Mr. William Fox . .
1
1
1
11
G
Mrs. Newman ....
5
Mr. Samuel Fox . . .
1
11
6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Hoyle's Chapel .
Collected at the Rev.
8
11
H
Mrs. Prime ....
Collected at Burford,
per Mr. Darby . .
1
5
9
3
1
Mr. Fisher's Chapel .
5
18
Ditto at Whitney, per
ditto .
1
10
NAYLAND.
Collected at the Rev.
. Mr. Bloomfield's . .
OSSET.
6 13 2
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Haggerstone's .
4 15 6
NEWBERRY, IN BERKSHIRE.
Rev. Mr. Reader ...
Mr. Merriman ...
Rev. Mr. Penrose,
Mayor, etc .....
From Sundries ...
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Reader's ...
Ditto at the Rev. Mr.
Lewis' .....
NORTH SHIELDS.
220
2. 2
220
9 10
6 17
136
OAKHAM, IN RUTLANDSHIRE.
362
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Panting' s . . .
PLYMOUTH, IN DEVONSHIRE.
Mr. William Kingdom . 10 10
Mr. William Sheppard 550
Mr. John Bay ley .- . 550
Mr. William Clarke . 550
Mr. William Deane . . 550
Rev. Mr. Zachary
Mudge
Mr. Pearson ....
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Rae's . 806
Collected at the* Rev.
Mr. Dean's .... 834
2 2
110 Mr. Culme . .22
220
Mr. John Jones ..
Messrs. William and
Philip Cookworthy . 22
Mr. Mionain 22
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
433
Mr. John Fox and Son
Mr. Francis Cock . .
Mr. Henry Pitt Sutton
Mr. Joseph Squire . .
Mr. John Harris . . .
Mr. William Batt . .
Mr. Connell ....
Mrs. Holdens ....
Mr. William Phillips,
Mayor
Rev. Mr. John Bedford
Mr. George Leach . .
Major Yeo
Capt. B g . . .
Dr. Huxham ....
Dr. Mudge
Mr. Joseph Collier . .
Mr. John Browne . .
Mr. Sugars
Mr. Frey
Mr. Roger Trend . .
Mr. Charles Fox . . .
The Rev. Mr. Vivian .
Mr. John Snook . . .
Anthony Porter, Esq. .
Widow Elworthy . . .
Mr. William Pierce . .
The Rev. Mr. Julian .
Mr. D. Jardine . . .
The Rev. Mr. Kinsman
Mrs. Ann Gwennap
Mr. Peter Bayley
The Rev. Mr. Gibbs .
Mrs. Loval ....
Mrs. Bickford ....
Mr. Sherdevoyne . .
The Rev. Mr. Dodge .
Rev. Mr. Gandy . . .
Rev. Mr. Lemoyae . .
Mr. Miotts, Jr. ...
Mr. Michael Nichols
Mr. P. Lyman . . .
Mr. George Perry . .
Mr. Jacob Austin . .
Mr. John Cock . . .
Miss Jennys ....
Mr. Stone
Mrs. Wilcocks ....
Mr. Bicknar ....
Mr. William Pearce, Jr.
Mr. Elias Romery . .
Mr. Erthur ....
Julian, Esq.
Mrs. Ellery ....
Mr. J. Wills ....
J. Moorshead, Esq. . .
2 2
2 2
2 2
Mr. John Collier . . .
Mr. Samuel Champion
Mr. How .....
10
10
10
6
6
fi
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
1 6
3
Mr. J. Symonds . . .
Mr. Joseph Pearce . .
Mr. Freeman ....
Mr. Husbands ....
Mr. John Wallis . . .
Dr. Scott
10
10
10
10
10
10
CO CO CO CO CO CC
1 1
10
fi
1 1
1 1
Mr. Omony ....
10
10
6
fi
1 1
Mrs. Tope
10
fi
1 1
Mr. Putt
10
fi
1 1
1 1
Mr. Henry Hewer . .
Mr. Burt
10
10
6
fi
1 1
10
fi
1 1
1 1
1 1
Captain Sparks . . .
Mr. Dunsterfield . . .
Mr. Carter
10
10
10
CO CO CC
1 1
1 1
Mrs. Dengey ....
10
10
6
fi
1 1
Mr. Lovell
10
fi
1 1
1 1
Sundry persons . . .
Ditto
2
19
14
3
B
1
Ditto
9
4
fi
1
Ditto
1
10
9
1
Ditto
1
10
fi
1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
19
13
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Mends' . . . 1
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Rennel's . . .
Ditto at the Tabernacle
Ditto at Rev. Mr. Gibbs'
PLYMOUTH DOCK.
Hon. Commissioner Rogers
John Lloyd, Esq. . .*
Mr. Blackmore . . .
Mr. Poleman ....
Mr. Samuel Young . .
Hon. Col. Burleigh . .
Mr. Philip Justice . .
Mr. Ralph Paine . .
Dr. Vincent ....
Madam Durrell . . .
Major Campbell . . .
Dr. Wolcombe . . .
Dr. Colvil . .
5
9
7
4
5
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
15
15
15
18
5
3
2
2
16
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
H
o
10
fi
Mr. Jane
1
1
10
10
10
6
6
fi
Mr. Heath ....
Rev. Mr. John Stokes .
1
1
10
10
6
fi
10
fi
10
B
10
6
Mr. Atkinson ....
10
6
434
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Mr. Nicholas Mercator .
Mr. William Grossman .
Mrs. Hooper ....
Mrs. Spry
Mr. George Patrick . .
Mr. James Howell . .
Mr. Hinckstone .
Mr. Matthew Watson .
Mr. John Scott . . .
Mr. Brooking ....
Mr. James Helling . .
Mr. Nash
Mr. John Row . . .
Mr. Robert Jeffery . .
Mr. William Phillips .
Mrs. Dillon
Mrs. Ivey
Mr. P. Langmaid . . .
Mr. Rodds
Mrs. Mary Bennett . .
Mr. Lawrence Rowe
Captain of Marines . .
Mr. Weggan ....
Mr. Mullis
Mr. May
Mr. Harding ....
Mr. Baron
Mr. Jeffery
Mr. Lampen ....
Mr. Weston ....
Mr. Hatcher ....
Mr.Yeo. . . . . .
Mr. John Linzee . . .
Mr. Robert Bennett . .
Unknown
Sundry persons . . .
Ditto
Ditto
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Whitefield's Tab-
ernacle
Ditto at Rev. Mr. Wes-
ley's
STONEHOUSE (A PARISH BETWEEN
PLYMOUTH AND THE DOCK).
Madam Farr .... 110
Mr. Marshal .... 110
Mr. Bogue 10 6
Captain Ball .... 10 6
Mr. Gillard .... 10 6
Mr. Binney and Ban wick 10 6
10
10
t>
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
4 5
9
1 7
3
8
9
22
4 17
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
POOL, IN DORSETSHIRE.
Mr. Samuel Clark . . 550
Mrs. Green .... 330
Mr. Pike 330
Mr. Joliff and Ladies . 1110
Rev. Mr. Nairn, Rector
Mr. Sutton ....
Mr. John Green . . .
Mr. Bird
Mr. Hyde .....
Mr. George Milner . .
Mr. D. Durrell . . .
Mr. George Olive . .
Mr. Martin Kemp . .
Miss Frances Welch
Mr. Miller
Mrs. Elizabeth Pike .
Mr. Bayly, Mrs. Pain,
and Mrs. Campbell . 106
Rev. Mr. Ashburner . 10 6
Mr. Sherran .... 10 6
Mr. James Bristowe . . 106
Mr. Budden .... 10 6
Mr. J. Budden ... 10 6
Mr. G. Durrell ... 10 6
Mr. Tito Durrell ... 10 6
Mrs. Oliver, Sen., and
Mrs. Oliver, Jr. . . 15 9
Mr. Thomas Stephens . 10 6
Mr. Farr Strong ... 10 6
Mrs. Thompson ... 10 6
Mrs. Haseldon ... 10 6
Mr. Frith 10 6
Mr. John Bird ... 106
Mr. William Tavern er . 10 6
Mr. John Sweetland . 106
Mrs. Mary Linthorn . 106
Mr. Richard Rix . . . 10 6
Mr. Basset 53
Mrs. JollhY 53
Mr. J. Stodely ... 53
Mrs. Elizabeth Christian 5
Mr. Lacey 26
Mr. Spurrier .... 26
Sundry Persons ... 2170
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Ho well's ... 7 18 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Ashburner 's . . 7 6
PORTSMOUTH, IN HANTS.
10 10
Mr. William Pike . .
The Rev. Mr. Walter,
Chaplain to the Dock
10
DAETMOUTH COLLEGE.
435
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Wren's . ... 25 11 4}
PORTSMOUTH COMMON.
Mr. Pierson .... 220
Mr. Whitewood & Un-
known 110
Mr. Millard .... 10 6
Mr. Daniel Hay ward . 10 6
Mr. Thomas Syrams . 10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Lacey's .... 559
Collected at the Taber-
nacle 4 2 10
PERSHORE, IN WORCESTERSHIRE.
Mr. Samuel Riekards . 110
Mr. James Rickards . . 110
The Rev. Mr. Dark . . 10 6
The Rev. Mr. Beal . . 106
The Rev. Mr. Ash . . 10 6
Mr. Smith 50
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Ash's .... 776
PUDSEY.
The Rev. Mr. Wainman
Unknown
PINNER.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Madgwick's . . 10 1 9
RUMSEY,, IN HANTS.
The Rev. Mr. J. Samuel
Mr. John Comley . .
Mr. Thomas Comley .
Mrs. Comley ....
Mr. Tarver
Mr. Clement Sharp, Sen.
Mr. Clement Sharp, Jr.
Mr. Madgwicke . . .
Mr. Newman ....
Mr. Bernard ....
Mr. Waldron ....
Mr. Richard Sharpe. .
Mr. Fanner ....
Mr. Newlands . . .
Mr. John Hewlett and
Sisters
Mrs. Collier
1 1
2
6
1
9
3.
1 1
1 11
6
1 11
6
1 1
1 11
6
1 1
1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
Sundry Persons un-
known 1 11 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Samuel's . . . 1149
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Finch's .... 330
RINGWOOD, IN HANTS.
Mr. N n .... 550
Collected at the Rev.
Messrs. Wright's and
Horsey's .... 16 2
ROTHWELL, IN NORTHUMBER-
LAND.
Collected at the Rev.
Moses Gregson's . . 16 15
RAWDON.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Aulton's . . . 11 15 6
ROTHERHAM, IN YORKSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Thorp's, and the
Rev. Mr. Moult' s . . 21 18 9
A Private Benefaction,
sent by Rev. Mr.
Moult 110
ROYSTON, IN HERTFORDSHIRE.
Mrs. Ward 440
Mr. Edward Fordham . 220
Mr. John Fordham . . 220
Mr. Joseph Forster . . 1 6"
Mr. George Fordham . 1116
Mr. Coxall 1116
Mr. Butler 110
Mrs. Beldham ... 110
Mrs. Wright .... 110
Mr. John Phillips . . 110
Mr. John Newling . . 110
Mrs. Coxall .... 10 6
Mr. Philips .... 10 6
Mrs. Beldham ... 10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Wells' .... 6 10 1
READING, IN BERKSHIRE.
The Mayor .... 110
Rev. Mr. Merrick . . 110
436
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Rev. Mr. Camble . . 110
Rev. Mr. Noon ... 110
Mr. Davidson .... 110
Mrs. King 110
Mrs. Girl 110
Mr. Harrison .... 10 6
Mr. Willats .... 10 6
Mrs. Noon 10 6
Unknown 10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Noon's .... 13 11 7|
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Armstrong's . . 725
A Clergyman and a per-
son unknown, by the
Rev. Mr. Armstrong 220
RAMSGATE, IN THE ISLE OF
THANET.
Unknown 500
Mr. George Rainier . 220
Mr. John Garret . . 220
The Rev. Mr. Bradbury
Mr. Cornelius Friend .
Mr. Daniel Friend . .
Mrs. Elizabeth and
Sarah Friend . . .
Mrs. Abbot ....
Mr. Thomas Curling .
Mrs. Kemp ....
Unknown
Mr. Small, Jr. ...
Mr. Cracraft ....
Unknown
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Bradbury's . . 11 13 9|
SAFFRON WALDEN, IN ESSEX.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Gwenap's . . . 70 10
SOUTHWELL, IN HERTFORDSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Field's . . . . 12 10 6
SHIPTON MALLETT, IN SOMERSET-
SHIRE.
The Rev. Mr. Jellard . 220
Mrs. Stephenson ... 1 11 6
Unknown 10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Jellard's ... 13
1
L
1
L
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1(
) 6
1(
) 6
SOUTH MOULTON, IN DEVONSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Bishop's ... 550
SALISBURY, IN WILTSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Williams's . . 9 17 10
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Phillips' ... 206
SHERBORNE, IN DORSETSHIRE.
Mr. Samuel Foot . . 330
Mr. Goadby .... 110
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Lewis's .... 15
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Thomas's . 5179
SOUTH PETHERTON, IN SOMER-
SETSHIRE.
Mr. Toller . . .
Masters John and
Thomas Toller
Mr. Ostler . . . ,
Mr. Channing
Mr. Anstice
1 16
5
110
110
110
Messrs. Adams, Phillips,
&Vaux 15 6
Mr. Chapman .... 10 6
Mr. Lock 106
Sundry Persons ... 1 11 3
Rev. Mr. Thomas . . 53
The Rev. Mr. Kirkup . 10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Kirkup's . . . 14 10 0^
SOUTHAMPTON, IN HANTS.
Madame Rollestone . . 10 10
Mr. Bartholomew Bray 330
Mrs. & Miss Messer &
Mr. Bulkley .... 2126
Rev. Mr. Rooke, V. of
St. Michael's ... 110
Rev. Mr. Wm. Kings-
bury 110
Mr. Walter Taylor . . 110
Mr. Taylor, Sen. . . 110
Mr. Joseph Taylor . . 110
Norris, Esq. . . 110
Mrs. Bissault .... 110
Mrs. Percival .... 110
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
437
Mr. Peter Bernard . 110
Mr. Thomas Bernard 110
Mrs. Bernard ... 110
Mr. Joseph Bernard 10 6
Mrs. Raymond . . 10 6
Mrs. Heckwich . . 10 6
Unknown ... 10 6
Mrs. Forithorne . . 26
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Kingsbury's . . 910
SHEFFIELD, IN YORKSHIRE.
Collected of the Rev. Mr. Pye's
People.
Mr. Benjamin Roebuck 550
Mr. Samuel Greaves . 330
The Rev. Mr. Pye . . 220
Mr. Vennor .... 220
Mrs. Parker .... 220
Messrs. John & Roger
Wilson 110
STOURBRIDGE, IN WORCESTER-
SHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Edge's . . . . 21 10 4
STRETTON, IN WARWICKSHIRE.
Collected by the Rev.
Mr. Samuel Wilson . . 110
Mrs. Roebuck, Sen. . 110
Mr. John Smith ... 110
Mr. Bennett .... 110
Mrs. Winter .... 110
Mr. Windle & Mr. Love 110
Mr. Bridges .... 110
Mr. William Smith . . 110
Mrs. Smith, Sen. . . 110
Mr. Nutt 110
Mr. Richard Alliot of
Mrs Holy 10 6
Coventry 6100
Mr. Andrews .... 10 6
Mr. William Marshall . 10 6
Mr. Loy 10 6
SOUTH SHIELDS.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Rae's .... 3 14
SUNDERLAND, IN DURHAM.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Lee's .... 7 11 Of
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Waugh's ... 990
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Somervil's . . 11 9
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Wesley's ... 2 17
STOCKTON, IN DURHAM.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr Blnrkip's 8 A. 01
Mr. Robert Hall ... 10 6
Mr. Joseph Wilson . . 10 6
Mr. Worrell .... 10 6
Mr. Samuel Parkin . . 10 6
Mr. Little wood ... 10 6
By Sundries .... 1 13
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Pye's .... 15 12
Collected of the Rev. Messrs. Evans'
and Dickinson's People.
Mrs. Eddowes ... 1 16
Mr. Shore, Sen. ... 110
Mrs. Robarts .... 110
Mr. Robarts .... 110
The Rev. Mr. Evans . 110
The Rev. Mr. Hall of
Stannington ... 110
Mr. Simmons .... 10 6
Mr. Kaio-h 10 6
.ijj.1 * -LllclLivlU D . . . O *i X
STROUD, IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Ball's . . . . 18 19
8AINT-NIOTS.
Mr. Samuel Hall ... 10 6
Mr. Haynes ..... 10 6
Mr. Marshall . . . 10 6
Mr. Nathaniel Hall . . 10 6
From Sundries ... 19 9
Collected at the Rev.
Messrs. Evans' and
Dickinson's Meeting . 739
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Davis' .
6 18 1J
Collected of others in Sheffield.
Messrs. Broomhead . . 220
438
DAETMOUTH COLLEGE.
Mr. G. Greaves ... 110
Mr. John Fenton . . 110
Mr. Roger Wilson . . 106
Mr. G. Woodbead . . 10 6
Mr. John Winter . . 10 6
Unknown 26
Mr. Kenyon and two
others 15 6
Mr. Matthews ... 10 6
Mr. Moore .... 50
Collected at the Kev.
Mr. Bryant's ... 553
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Wesley's ... 2170
BUTTON, IN A8HFIELD
408
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Wilson's ,
STAMFORD, IN LINCOLNSHIRE.
Rev. Dr. Wilberforce .
Dr. Jackson . . . .
Mrs. Wingfield . . .
Middleton" Trollop, Esq.
Mr. Adams . . . .
Mr. Torkington . . .
Mr. Woodroffe . . .
Rev. Mr. John Ralph .
Dr. Tathwell . . . .
Mrs. Delamore
STOW MARKET, IN SUFFOLK.
The Rev. Mr. Archer . 110
SUDBURY, IN SUFFOLK.
Gainsborough,
Mrs. Margaret Fenn
Mr. John Burket, Sen. .
Mr. Holman ....
Mr. Thomas Burket . .
Mr. John Burket, Jr. .
Rev. Mr. Heginbothonx
Mrs. Holman, Jr. . .
Mr Stow
5 5
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
1 1
1 i
o
Mr. Watkinson of Lav-
ingham
Mr. Stockdell (Clark) .
Mr. Darby ....
Miss Shepherd . . .
Mr. Barker ....
Mrs. Addison ....
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
10
10
6
6
Mr. Ellis 10 6
Mr. John Holman . . 106
Mrs. Holman .... 10 6
Miss Holman .... 106
Mr. Brabrook .... 10 6
Mr. Thomas Stow . . 10 6
Mr. English .... 10 6
Mrs. Pawlett .... 10 6
Unknown 10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Heginbothom's . 4 12 6
Thomas Fenn, Esq. . 550
Mr. T. Fenn, Jr. ... 330
Mrs. Fenn 220
Mr. Thomas Gibbons . 220
Mr. Addison .... 1 16
Mr. John Railing . . 1116
Mr. William Gibbons . 110
Mr. Abraham Gregg s . 110
Mr. Chaplain .... 10 6
Miss Railing .... 10 6
Miss Burket . * . . 10 6
Miss Stow 10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Lombard's . . 273
8TAMBORNE.
The Rev. Mr. Hallam . 110
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Hallam's . . . 101811}
SHOREHAM, IN KENT.
1 16 9
The Rev. Mr. Perronett
and Friends . . .
SEVEN OAKS, IN KENT.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Stenger's ... 568
Ditto at the Rev. Mr.
Bligh's 2 11 10J
Ditto at the Rev. Mr.
Wesley's 1136
SHEERNESS, IN KENT.
Collected at the meeting 569
SOUTHWOLD, IN SUFFOLK.
Collected by the Rev
Mr. Hurrion
11 16 6
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
439
TETBURY, IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Mr. Slowar and a poor
Collected by the Rev.
Mr. Phene . 10 10 10
Widow 36
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Johnson's . . . 1941
TROWBRIDGE, IN WILTSHIRE.
TOPSHAM, IN DEVONSHIRE.
Mrs. Turner ....
Mrs. Temple ....
Mr. Whittaker . . .
Mr. Amos Simon . .
Esquire Mortimer . .
2 12 6
220
110
110
110
Mrs. Fryer ....
Mr. John Fryer . . .
Mr. William Elliott .
Mr. William Kennaway,
Sen . '
440
220
110
110
Mr. James Shrapnell
11 6
Mr. Simon Morris .
110
Mr. Butlar
10 6
16 18
15 6 6
Mrs. Burgess . .
Madam Collier . . .
Mr. John Woolcombe .
Mrs. Thomas ....
Captain William Sher-
110
110
10 6
10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Waldron's . . .
Ditto at the Rev. Mr.
Cross'
Ditto at Mr. Rawling's
248
ville
10 6
10 6
Mr. Reynolds ....
Captain Coleman
10 6
TAUNTON, IN SOMERSETSHIRE.
Mr. George Culverwell
10 6
Governor Pool . . .
The Rev. Mr. Blake .
Mr. Wascot ....
Mrs. Welman ....
Mr. Follaquire . . .
Mrs. Halliday ....
The Rev. Mr. William
220
220
220
220
220
220
Mr. Watton ....
Mr. Samuel Hill . . .
Miss Bultell ....
The Rev. Mr. Pitts . .
10 6
10 6
10 6
10 6
10 6
5 3
27 4 3
Mrs Love
The collection ....
Johnson
1 1
Mr. Kirkpatrick . . .
110
TOTNESS, IN DEVONSHIRE.
Mr. Jefleries, Sen. . .
Mr. Joseph Jefferies
Mrs. Follaquire . . .
Rev. Mr. John Ward .
1 1
110
110
10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Messrs. Reynell's and
Chapman's ....
27 6
Rev. Mr. Joshua Toul-
10 6
TAVISTOCK, IN DEVONSHIRE.
Mr. Handcocke . . .
10 6
10 6
Mr. Thomas Windiat . 550
Mr. Harrison ....
10 6
Mr. John Rowe . . .
330
IVIr Norma ... .
10 6
10 6
10 6
Mr. Roger Lang . . ..
Richard Turner, Esq. .
A person unknown . .
1 1
1 1
1 1
Mr. Joseph Cornish . .
Mr. William Stow . .
Mrs. Peacock ....
10' 6
Dr. Lavington . . .
10 6
Mr. Samuel Reed . .
10 6
The Rev. Mr. Jago . .
7 3
Dr. Cabbie ....
10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Thomas Grove . .
. 10 6
Mr. Dowdell's . . .
825
Mr. J. Furnival . . .
10 6
Mr. Nobb
10 6
TEWKSBURY, IN GLOUCESTER-
A Lady unknown . .
10 6
SHIRE.
Miss Smith ....
5
Mr. J. Burcher . . .
5
John Humphries, Esq.
10
Mr. Jowitt ....
2 6
The Rev. Mr. Jqnes .
1 1
2 6
The Rev. Mr. Hayward
10 6
Ditto
2
From sundries . .
1 19
440
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Collected at the Rev.
Messrs. Graham's
and Haydon's . . . 21 10
TUNBRIDGE WELLS, IN KENT.
Collected at the Rev.
Messrs. Shepherd's
TIVERTON, IN DEVON*
Mr. Parsons ....
JHIRE.
330
330
220
220
1 1
1 1
110
110
110
1 1
1 1
110
110
10 6
10 6
10 6
10 6
10 6
10 6
10 6
10
5 3
5 3
3
2 6
2 6
2 6
2 6
2 6
2
1 6
1
1
1
2 9 9
240
280
and Arnold's ... 6 10
lev. Mr. Johnson . . 10 6
TENTERDEN, IN KENT.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Handcock's . . 24 8 2
UFCULM.
Richard Clarke, Esq. r . 1116
Mrs. Elizabeth Churley 110
Rev. Mr. Lamport . . 106
Rev. Mr, Greenway . 10 6
Rev. Mr. John Wind-
sor, Rector .... 10 6
Mr. Nicholas Wreford . 5
Mrs. Mary Moore . .
Mr. Hamilton ....
Mrs. Glass
Mr. John Bosley . . .
Mr. Atherton ....
Mr. Smith
Mr. Ensmarch, Sen.
Mr. Isaac Ensmarch
Miss Ensmarch . . .
A person unknown . .
The Rev. Mr. Follett .
The Rev. Mr. Kiddall .
Mr. Zelby
Mr<! Hill 4
Mr. Gilbert ....
Mr. Frank Besly . .
Mr. Besly, Jr. ...
Mr. Hucker .... 40
The Quakers .... 1 16
Unknown .... 20
The collection ... 316
UPPINGHAM, IN RUTLANDSHIRE.
Collected at the meeting 3 14 3^
UPTON, IN WORCESTERSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Jones' .... 18 7 7
Mr. Brockhurst ... 110
Mrs. Skinner .... 110
The Rev. Mr. Steele . 7 6
WESTBURY, IN WILTSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Mylett's ... 14 11 3
WARMINSTER, IN WILTSHIRE.
Mr. Barn Besly . . .
Mrs. Kiddall ....
Mr. Anstey ....
Mrs. Hudford ....
Mrs. Lachgate . . .
Mr. Raddon ....
Mr. Small
Mr. Rathew ....
Mr. Gill, Jr
Mr Knight
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Kiddal's . . .
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Follett' s . . .
Sent to be added to the
above, per Mr. Par-
minter
THAXTED.
Mr. Daniel Haddon . .
Mr. Thomas Saward .
Mrs. Haddon ....
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Parry's . .' . .
330
220
1 1
640
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Fisher's ... 15 3 1
WELLINGTON, IN SHROPSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Field's and at the
Rev. Mr. Day's . . 23 12 10
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
441
WAREHAM, IN DORSETSHIRE.
Sundry subscriptions
sent to the Rev. Mr.
S. Reader .... 29 10
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. S. Reader's , 948
WILTON, IN WILTSHIRE.
Edward Baker, Esq. . 330
Major Seward ... 170
Rev. Mr. Gardner . . 110
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Gardner's. . . 10 8
WINCHESTER.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Boarman's ... 5183
WELLINGBOROUGH, IN NORTHAMP-
TONSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Grant's . . 911
WARWICK.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Kettle's . . .
WELFORD.
5 13 4
Mrs. Bakewell ... 220
Unknown, per sundries 866
Ditto 14 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. King's .... 416
WORCESTER.
The Rev. Mr. Black-
more 220
Mr. Cooke 110
By private subscriptions 21 5 3
A donation from the
Public Fund ... 7 13 3
Collected at the Rev.
Messrs. Urwick's and
Pointing's .... 21 2 6
WOLVERHAMPTON.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Cole's, etc. . . 33 19 3^
WEST BRAMWICH.
Collected at the Rev.
Messrs. Robin's, Stil-
lingfleet's, and Grif-
fith's 42 8
WALSALL, IN STAFFORDSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Llewellin's 10 3
WAKEFIELD, IN YORKSHIRE.
James Milnes, Esq. . . 330
John Milnes, Jr., Esq. . 220
Mr. Richard Lamb . . 110
Mr. John Lamb ... 10 6
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. William Turner's 11 15 9
WOODBRIDGE, IN SUFFOLK.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Palmer's ... . 18 9 3
By sundries .... 240
Brought by Mr. Field to
be added to ditto . 274
WATESFIELD.
The Rev. Mr. Harmer . 110
Given by the Trustees . 550
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Harmer's ... 560
Sent afterwards ... 160
WATFORD.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Medley's ... 30
WHITCHURCH, IN HAMPSHIRE.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Meek's ... 8 17 5
WINGHAM.
Collected by the Rev.
Mr. Chapman ... 2 15
WOOLWICH, IN KENT.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. McGregor's
200
442
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
WRENTHAM, IN SUFFOLK.
Collected by the Rev.
Mr. Sweetland . . 20
YEOVIL, IN SOMERSETSHIRE.
Mr. Bullock .... 110
Mr. Gilsori 110
Dr. Dumaresque ... 110
Rev. F. C. Parsons . . 10 6
Dr. Daniel 10 6
Mr. John Taylor . . 10 6
Collected by Rev. Mr.
Evans ..... 6 4 3|
YARMOUTH, IN NORFOLK.
Collected at the Rev.
Mr. Whiteside's . . 19 14 3
Ditto at Rev. Mr.
Howe's . 27 10
Total . . . 9,494 7 1\
Donations in Scotland amounted
to about 2,500.
PROPOSED DONATIONS WHICH DETERMINED THE LOCATION
OF THE COLLEGE AND SCHOOL AT HANOVER IN 1770.
The King's most gracious Majesty,
by advice of his Excellency John
Weutworth, Esq., his Majesty's
governor of the province of New
Hampshire, and of his council, a
Charter of the township of Lan-
daff, about 24,000 acres.
Honorable Benning Wentworth,
Esq., late governor of New
Hampshire, 500 acres, on which
the College is fixed in Hanover.
Hon. Theodore Atkinson, Esq., 500
acres.
Theodore Atkinson, Jr. Esq., one
right.
Hon. Mark H. Wentworth, Esq.,
one right in Plainfield.
Hon. J Nevin, Esq., half a
right.
William Parker, Esq., half a right
in Piermont.
Hon. Peter Levius, Esq., one right
in Piermont.
Hon. Daniel Warner, Esq., one
right in Leichester.
Hon. John Wentworth, Esq., one
right in Thetford.
Hon. Daniel Pierce, Esq., 500 acres.
Samuel Livermore, Esq., 300 acres
in Chatham.
Walter Bryent, Esq., one right in
Burton.
John Moffat, Esq., one right in
Masons- Claim.
Matthew Thornton, Esq., one right
in Castleton.
Mr. Ebenezer Smith, 100 acres.
Phillips White, Esq., 250 acres in
Wentworth, and 250 in Warren.
Col. Jonathan Grulley, 125 acres
in Wentworth, and 125 in War-
ren.
John Phillips, Esq., seven rights in
Sandwich.
Col. Nathaniel Folsom, one right in
Sandwich.
Col. Nicholas Gilman, 100 acres in
Sandwich.
Samuel Folsom, Esq., 50 acres in
Sandwich.
Mr. Enoch Poor, 100 acres in Sand-
wich.
Col. Clement Marth, one right in
Addinson, and one right in Lei-
chester.
Robert Fletcher, Esq., 100 acres.
John Wendal, Esq., one right in
Barnard.
Walter Bryent, Jr. Esq., one right
in Burton.
Hunking Wentworth, Esq., half a
right in Barnard.
Reuben Kidder, Esq., half a right
in Campton.
Col. Jonathan Moulton, 250 acres
in Orford, 250 in Piermont, 250
in Relhan, and 250 in Moulten-
boro'.
Mr. John Moulton, 100 acres in
Moultenboro'.
Mr. Moses Little, two rights in Sa-
ville.
Mr. Samuel Emerson, 100 acres in
Saville.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
443
Mr. William Moulton, 300 acres in
Stonington.
Mr. James Jewet, 100 acres in Ston-
ington.
Mr. Adam Cogswel, 100 acres in
Stonington.
Col. Jacob Bayley, 240 acres.
Timothy Bedel, Esq., 80 acres.
Capt. John Hazen, 240 acres.
Benjamin Whiting, Esq., 240 acres
in Newbury and Topsham.
Israel Morey, Esq., 400 acres in
Orford, and other towns, handy
for the use of the school.
Mr. Noah Dewey, 80 acres in Or-
ford.
Capt. Noah Dewey, Jr., 80 acres
in Orford.
Mr. Thomas Sawyer, 80 acres in
Orford.
Mr. Daniel Tillotson, 80 acres in
Thetford.
Mr. Benjamin Baldwin, 104 acres in
Thetford.
Mr. Ebenezer Baldwin, 104 acres in
Thetford.
Mr. Daniel Cross, 40 acres in Far-
ley.
Mr. John Chamberlain, 120 acres
in Canaan.
Mr. Samuel Gillett, 40 acres in
Thetford.
Mr. Ebenezer Green, 80 acres in
Thetford, and 80 acres in Lyme.
Mr. Fredrick Smith, 176 acres in
Strafford.
Mr. Abner Chamberlain, 40 acres
in Thetford.
Mr. John Sloan, 56 acres in Lyme.
Mr. William Sloan, 80 acres in
Lyme.
Mr. Alexander Murray, 40 acres in
Lyme.
Mr. David Sloan, 24 acres in Lyme.
Mr. Thomas Sumner, 130 acres in
Gilsom.
Oliver Willard, Esq., 750 acres land
and 20.
. s. d.
Capt. Zadock Wright . 376
Lieut. Joel Matthews . 1 13 9
Mr. Paul Spooner . . 1 13 9
Mr. John Laiton ... 1139
Mr. Christopher Billings 6 9
Mr. Charles Killam . . 16 10J
Mr. Timothy Lull . . 103
Mr. Asa Taylor ... 136
Mr. Zebulon Lee ... 16 10^
Mr. John Johnson . . 113
Mr. Matthias Rust . . 113
Capt. Francis Smith . 900
Mr. John Stevens, Jr. . 7100
Mr. Robert Miller . . 600
Mr. Abel Stevens . . 7 10
Mr. Reuben Jerold . . 250
Mr. Willard Smith . . 600
Mr. Adam Clark ... 250
Mr. Charles Spalding . 600
Mr. Daniel Short . . 600
Mr. Josiah Russel . . 250
Mr. Josiah Russel, Jr. 3150
Mr. Daniel Woodward 3 15
Mr. William Cutler . . 3 15
Mr. Josiah Col ton . . 3 15
Mr. Joseph Smith . . 600
Mr. John Stevens . . 7100
Mr. William Bramble . 3 15
Mr. Joshua Dewie . . 315
Mr. Elisha Marsh . . 600
Mr. Christopher Pease . 600
Mr. John Strong ... 4 10
Mr. David Bliss ... 15
Mr. Elijah Strong . . 1 10
Mr. Ebenezer Bliss . . 3 15
Mr. Daniel Pinneo . . 600
Mr. Thomas Miner ... 300
Mr. Nathaniel Holbrook 3150
Mr. Henry Woodward . 300
Mr. Abel Marsh ... 4 10
Mr. Lionel Udal ... 4 10
Lebanon Proprietors, 1440 acres.
Mr. Thomas Storrs, 20 acres.
Capt. Nathaniel Hall, 50 acres.
John Salter, Esq., 50 acres.
Mr. Nathaniel Storrs, 50 acres.
Mr. Constant Southworth, 100 acres.
Mr. Huckens Storrs, 100 acres.
Mr. Amariah Storrs, 20 acres.
Mr. Nehemiah Easter brook, 50
acres.
Capt. Samuel Storrs, 50 acres.
Mr. Aaron Storrs, 200 acres.
Mr. Huckens Storrs, Jr., 100 acres.
Mr. Jedediah Hebard, 100 acres.
Mr. Oliver Griswould, 100 acres.
Mr. Levi Hyde, 100 acres.
Mr. Israel Gillet, 100 acres.
Mr. Rufus Baldwin . l 10
and 100 acres.
Mr. Jqhn Gillet ... 1 10
and 100 acres.
444
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
250
7 10
1 10
3 15
126
15
15
126
7 6
3 15
7 10
376
4 14 6
170
2 14
Mr. Eliezer Robinson,
and 50 acres.
Mr. Charles Hill . .
Major John Slapp .
Mr. Joseph Wood .
Mr. Silas Waterman
Mr. John Griswold .
Mr. David Bliss . .
Mr. Joseph Martin .
Mr. Benjamin Fuller
Mr. Azariah Bliss .
Mr. William Dana .
Mr. William Downer
Mr. Joseph Tilden .
Mr. Samuel Mecham
Mr. Benjamin Wright
Mr. Benjamin Parkhurst, 50 acres
land.
Mr. David Rowland, 200 acres.
Mr. Josiah Wheeler, 50 acres.
Mr. Jacob Burton 67
acres, and ....100
Mr. Ebenezer Ball, 33 acres.
Mr. Thomas Murdock,
33 acres and ... 10
Mr. Elisha Crane, 33
acres and .... 10
Mr. Philip Smith, 33
acres and .... 100
Mr. Joseph Hatch, 33
acres and .... 100
Mr. Josiah Burton, 20 acres.
Mr. Israel Brown, 27
acres and . . . . 10
Mr. Daniel Baldwin, 13
acres and .... 1 10
Mr. Francis Fenton, 33 acres.
Capt. Hezekiah John-
son, 80 acres and .100
Mr. John Serjeant, 40
acres and .... 2 10
Mr. Timothy Bush, 40
acres and .... 200
Mr. Peter Thatcher, 40
acres and .... 15
Mr. Daniel Waterman,
24 acres and ... 15
Mr. John Slafter, 40
acres and .... 100
Mr. Samuel Hutchinson 2 10
Mr. Medad Benton . . 200
Mr. John Hatch ... 2 10
Mr. Samuel Partridge . 250
It should be remarked that many of the above named were unable to
fulfill their promises. The College received in all about 10,000 acres of
land.
Mr. Elisha Partridge . 10
Mr. Jonas Richards . 10
Mr. John Hutchinson . 100
Mr. Elisha Burton . . 1 10
Mr. Nathan Messenger 5
Mr. John Wright . . 100
Mr. Aaron Wright . . 1 10
Mr. Francis Smalley . 100
Mr. Joseph Ball ... 100
Mr. Jonathan Ball . . 50
Mr. Samuel Brown . . 250
Mr. Samuel Waterman 7 6
Mr. Samuel Partridge,
Jr 10
Mr. Ebenezer Jaques . 7 6
Mr. Timothy Smith, 90 acres land.
Mr. Jonathan Curtiss,
120 acres and ... 3 15
Mr. Benjamin Davis, 40 acres.
Mr. John Ordway, 90 acres.
Maj. Joseph Storrs, 110 acres.
Mr. John House, 100 acres.
Mr. Jonathan Freeman, 40 acres.
Mr. Nathaniel Wright, 40 acres.
Mr. Otis Freeman, 40 acres.
Mr. Gideon Smith, 21 dollars.
Mr. Nath. Woodward, 16 acres
land.
Mr. Isaac Bridgman, 40 acres.
Mr. Knight Sexton, 80
acres and .... 15
Mr. James Murch . . 80
Mr. Simeon Dewey, 50
acres land and . . 7 10
Mr. Benjamin Rice . . 7 10
Mr. Asa Parker, 50 acres.
Mr. Edm. Freeman, Jr., 40 acres.
Mr. Isaac Wallbridge,
40 acres and ... 180
Mr. David Mason . . 200
Mr. Jeremiah Trescot . 180
Mr. Habakkuk Turner 7 10
Mr. Samuel Rust . . 150
Mr. Edmond Freeman, 50 acres.
Mr. William Johnson,
Jr 126
Rev. Gideon Noble, 40 acres.
Mr. Abner Barker, 30 acres.
Mr. Prince Freeman, 50 acres.
Mr. Abel Johnson . . 126
Mr. William Johnson . 3150
Mr. Russel Freeman . 18
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
445
EXTRACT FROM HANOVER TOWN RECORDS.
"Met according to adjournment, November 12, 1770. The following
vote was passed :
" Whereas, John Wright, David Woodward, Edmund Freeman, Otis
Freeman, Isaac Walbridge, Isaac Bridgman, and John Bridgman, have
agreed to give the Rev. Eleazar VVheelock, D. D., 300 acres of land in this
town, voted, that the above-mentioned persons may give deed of 300 acres
of land in the land now lying undivided among the proprietors, as follows,
namely, to begin at Lebanon line at the bound of a lot of land lately given
by the Hon. Benning Wentworth, Esq., to the Trustees of Dartmouth Col-
lege ; then in the east line of said lot about 300 rods, to the southwest
bound of the 1 7th hundred-acre lot west of the half-mile line, then south
sisty-four degrees, east about 168 rods, or so far as that a line to run par-
allel with the first-mentioned line and running to Lebanon will make 300
acres, said land to lie to the above-mentioned persons for so much in their
next division on the respective original rights they now own ; i. e. to John
Wright 40 acres, to David Woodward 50 acres, to Isaac Bridgman 50
acres, to Edmund Freeman 40 acres, to Isaac Walbridge 40 acres, to Otis
Freeman 50 acres, to John Bridgman 30 acres. And whereas, the persons
whose names are hereafter mentioned have covenanted and agreed to give
to the Trustees of Dartmouth College, for the benefit of said college, the
following quantities of land, namely, Knight Sexton 100 acres, Joseph
Storrs 100 acres, John House 100 acres, John Ordway 100 acres, Jonathan
Curtice 140 acres, Tim. Smith 100 acres, Edmund Freeman 50 acres,
Prince Freeman 50 acres, Jonathan Freeman 50 acres, Nathaniel Wright
50 acres, Nathaniel Woodward 20 acres, Simon Dewey 50 acres, Benjamin
Davis 50 acres, Asa Parker 50 acres, voted, that the above-named persons
may give a deed of all the undivided land lying east of the piece afore-
mentioned, and south of the hundred-acre lots in the 1st and 3d ranges of
hundred acres in the 1st division of hundred-acre lots, and west of the two-
mile road, and north of Lebanon line, it being about 1,000 acres, be it more
or less, to lie for so much to the original rights aforementioned as the pres-
ent owners of said rights have subscribed to give, reserving proper allow-
ance for highways for the benefit of the town."
OTHER PROPOSED DONATIONS.
" We the subscribers hereby severally promise for ourselves, our heirs,
etc., to pay to the Rev. Mr. Eleazar Wheelock, or such other person or per-
sons who shall be appointed to receive the same the sums respectively affixed
to our names for the founding and supporting a school for the education of
Indian youth and others to be paid in land whereon to build a proper
house or houses and in provisions and in materials for building such house
or houses which shall be judged necessary for the support of said school,
provided said school be fixed in the first society in Hebron and there con-
tinued. Witness our hands this 17th January, 1765.
David Barbur 80
Alex Phelps . .
John Phelps . .
Asahel Phelps .
Joshua Phelps .
Ebenezer Gilbert
50
50
20
16
16
Increase Porter 20
Benjamin Sumner .
Obadiah Horsford .
Silvanus Phelps
Israel Morey . . .
Stephen Palmer
10
50
15
20
5
446
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Isaac Ford
. . 10
Danl Tillotson
20
Ichabod Buell .
. . . . 10
Ephraim Wright . . .
Saml. Jones . . . . .
2
20
Lijali Buell . .
. . . . 10
Alexander Mack
Stephen Stiles .
. . . . 6
. . . . 7
Danl. Porter
15
Oliver Barbur
8
. . . . 10
Worthy Waters . . .
Zebulon Stron^
10
2
Benjamin Day .
. . . 20
Asa White . .
. . . . 2
Jonathan Bin^e .
1
Eliphalet Youngs,
Saml. Phelps . .
Jr. . . 2
. . . . 5
Story Gott
25
Solomon Huntington .
Solomon Tarbox . . .
Elisha Mack
4
15
10
Israel Post . .
. . . . 20
Nathl. Phelps .
. . . . 10
Stephen Barbur
Neziah Bliss . .
. . . . 30
. . . . 15
David Carver ....
10
Adam Waters ....
10
Samuel Fielding
Oliver Phelps .
. . . . 2
. . . . 2
Samuel Bicler, Jr. . .
Ichabod Phelps
14
20
. . . . 15
Ichabod Phelps, Jr. . .
Eliphalet Young . . .
Samuel Gilbert ....
Benjamin Buell ...
10
10
65
20
. . . . 10
Thomas Post . .
. . . . 15
Saml. Gilbert, Jr.
20
Thos. Suinner
. . . . 5
Thomas Tarbox . . .
dicates that the School was
lielps.
10
kept one
Mr. Wheelock's
year at Hebron, by
correspondence in
Mr. Alexander P
" At a meeting of the First Company of the Delaware Purchasers (so
called), held by adjournment at the Town-house in Norwich, on the 3d
day of January, A. D. 1769,
44 Voted that this Company do now grant to the Indian Charity School
under the care of Rev. Eleazar Wheelock, D. D., of Lebanon, six miles
square of land, to be laid out on the westermost part of this Company's
purchase upon Delaware River, upon condition said School shall be erected
on the Susquehannah Purchase (so called).
" The above is a true copy of the vote of the First Company of the Del-
aware Purchasers.
<4 Test ELISHA TRACY, Clerk for said Company."
" At a meeting of the Second Company of the Delaware Purchasers (so
called), held by adjournment at the Town-house in Norwich, on the 3d
day of January, A. D. 1769,
44 Voted that this Company do now grant to the Indian Charity School
under the care of the Rev. Eleazar Wheelock, D. D. , of Lebanon, six miles
square of land, to be laid out for the use of said School on the westermost
part of this Company's purchase of land upon Lacawack River, upon con-
dition said School shall be erected upon the Susquehannah Purchase, so
called.
4 ' The above is a true copy of the vote of the Second Delaware Com-
pany.
<4 Test ELISIIA TRACY, Clerk for said Company."
In September, 1768, Messrs. Williams, Woodbridge, Sergeant, Willard,
Brown, Goodrich, Gray, Pixley, Jones, Curtis, Bement, Wilson, Stoddard,
Bouton, Dean, Fuller, and others, proposed to give various sums, ranging
from $5 to 150, provided the College should be located, agreeably to their
wishes, at Stockbridge, Mass. During the same year, Zephaniah Batch-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 447
eller writes from Albany, stating that Captain Abraham J. Lansing will
i;ivf, in all, more, than two hundred acres of land, suitably located for
buildings a.nd other uses, ;md worth I'J, :"><)(, provided the ( 'oil,-.- is located
at Lannngburg, X. Y.
"Province of New Hampshire, June IS, 1770. At. a proprietor's meet-
ing, lawfully warned ;ind held at my dwelling-house, in Lyme in tin- prov-
ince above said, voted to l;i,y oil! to ihe use and benefit of Dartmouth Col-
lege fifteen hundred acres of land, .... provided said Trustees shall
!i\ or build said college in the township of Lyme, south of Clay Krook
u A true copy of file
"Test, JONATHAN SI:.MNKU, Proprietor 1 1 Clerk.
" LV.MK, June 18, 1770."
"January 'J2, 1770. Proprietors' meeting at Hampton.
" \Vherca> a charter for a College to be erected in the. western part, of
this province, by the name of Dartmouth College, has been granted under
111.- <.:rcat, seal of said province, with a special view of ( Mirist iani/in^ the
several Indian tribes in America., therefore in consideration of the. many
advantages that would accrue t,i> the proprietors of Orford if said Colle-e
could I if. settled in said town, and that, the same pious design midit be car-
ried into immediate execution,
41 Voted, in case said Colle^,- should be, settled in said township, ;
BOd grant for the Use. and renelit of said Colle;'e, I'or ever, one thousand
acres of land in said town. Also, whereas the Rev. Klea/a.r Wheelock is
appointed president, of said College, and doubtless will settle himself and
family in the town where the College d,all be, vvher(! it will be. very neces-
sary he, should have some, land to settle upon, therefore, I'or encouraging
and promoting the sa,me,
44 \'oted to -ive and ^rant, unto the said Klea/.ar \Vheelock, his heirs
Igni for ever, one thousand acres of land in said town. They also
14 Voted (conditionally) to .jive to the. -aid Klea/ar Wheclock the sum
of one hundred [)oiinds lawful money."
Piermoiil, offered one thousand acres of laud to secure the. Colle.,e.
Other towns, not mentioned hereafter, aiuoii- them Canaan, I'.oscawen,
and ('oi-iiish, are said to have presented some at tract ions to Dr. \Vheelock.
" IIo.NOICAItl.K AM) 111. VI KI.N'D : In the, capacity of R^CIit for the
towns of Xewbury a,nd I lave.rhill, I promise a.nd cn^ajn; (if Dartmouth
College is |)Iaced in said Ilaverhill in Xew llampshirej thai out. of tin;
subscriptions of said 1 laverhill and Newburyaml the, town of I'.at.h, tha.t
three thousand acres of land shall be laid out, in a convenient form at, tin-
corner of Ilaverhill, adjoining the southwest corner of said town of Lan-
daff, and one thousand acres more, laid out in a <;ore, in lialh a.djoinin^
sa,id town of Landaff, and the three, thousand acres in Ilaverhill as above;
and also I e,n^a^e, to <nve live, hundred aCTO! more to the. Honorable and
Reverend Trust, of said College, for the age of aid College, in a hand-
some form, round said College, if , e(, in said llavcrhill; provid(-il it, is not
set on lands already laid out, which if it is to lay (Mil, .said live hundred
next, adjoining, in a, convenient form, as also to make and raise a. frame for
a building two hundred feet, lon- ; ; and eighteen feel, broad, one, story hi^h,
or a, frame or labor to that value. The above. I promise to perform at or
be.fore the first day of November next. The frame I proini. e to :'! up on
demand. Witness my hand, JACOK I'.AVI.I.V.
" J'oi: Ts.Moi' t u, -June 'J!, 1 770.
44 To the Honorable and Reverend Tni-t of Dartmouth Coli
448 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
NEWBURYPORT, March 6, 1770.
REVEREND SIR : I have lately received an account from Plymouth of a
subscription being opened and there is already three thousand dollars in
labor, provisions, etc., subscribed ; also another here worth one thousand
dollars, provided the College is fixed in Campton, Rumney, or Plymouth;
also being sensible that you will be at great expense to move into a new
country, have opened another subscription for Rev. Dr. Wheelock, which
will be generous ; I have lately heard that the College is to be fixed before
the meeting of the trustees, which is the reason of Mr. Call's journey, the
bearer of this, who is a friend to the Indian cause, and in time past has
been a means of collecting a considerable for them. I should be much
obliged if you would inform me the time the College will be fixed, and I
will bring or send the subscriptions, which I make no doubt will be gen-
erous when completed. If it should not be agreeable to the trustees to fix
the College in any of the above mentioned towns, these subscriptions will
not do any hurt to the College nor Dr. Wheelock, but spur on others to
outdo. I think, where it is fixed, they ought to do generously, as it must
help them much. I conclude with our family's and my duty to you and
Madam Wheelock, and regards to all the family, and remain your most
obedient servant, MOSES LITTLE.
" P. S. We hear that the most generous subscription is to carry the
College, provided the place is suitable; hope what we offer Dr. Wheelock
will not be any damage, for it is not done as a private thing, but are will-
ing the trustees and everybody else should know.
** M. L. has subscribed :
20 thousand boards.
20 tons hay, three years, is . . ... . 60 tons.
10 bushels wheat, three years, is . . . 30 bushels.
10 bushels rye, three years, is .... 30 bushels.
10 bushels Indian, three years, is . . . 30 bushels.
10 days labor, three years, is .... 30 days.
" Also use of house and barn and land pasturing round it, twenty acres
cleared ; also Esq. Brainerd, one right of land, etc., in Rumney ; also sent a
man with a subscription, to be followed, we hope, in proportion and more
than proportion to the above. Expect some hundred bushels grain yearly
for three years, also land and labor; and if the above is not enough sub-
scribed by Moses Little, Dr. Wheelock shall have liberty to improve as
much of his land as he pleases."
"ALBANY, May 9, 1767.
" REVEREND SIR : I have had the pleasure to see your letter, directed
to the mayor of this city and others. The subject of it was a very agree-
able one. To encourage literature indicates a great mind; to civilize sav-
ages, with a view to their eternal happiness, evinces a goodness of heart
and a charitable disposition truly commendable ; whoever attempts it has
a right to claim the assistance of every worthy member of society. I shall
be happy if I can be any ways instrumental in promoting the success of
your humane plan ; I am informed that Mr. Mayor and the other gentle-
men of the corporation have expressed an equal desire, and I make no
doubt but their offers will be such as a corporation ought to make who are
impressed with a sense of its general utility. I could say much of the ad-
vantages that would accrue from fixing the School near this city, but as
you have doubtless considered this affair with attention, you will have an-
ticipated all I could say on the subject. I shall only remark that I have
observed with much satisfaction that the morals of my fellow-citizens are
much less vitiated than those of other cities that have an immediate for-
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 449
eign trade, and consequently import the vices of other climes ; to this, give
me leave to add, that a becoming economy is what characterizes our peo-
ple, and may, by way of example, have a very good effect on the Indian
children, and such others as might be allowed to take their education in
the proposed seminary.
" Should you, however, reverend sir, after receiving the proposals of the
corporation,' think them inadequate to the advantages the city would re-
ceive, or should you, for reasons that do not occur to me, think a more
remote situation more eligible (which I wish may not be), I then, sir, will
make an offer, to forward the charity. But though I have already fixed
on the proposals I intend to make, I must yet declare that those that I am
told the city intends to offer appear to me to have the advantage in point
of fulfilling the intentions of the gentlemen at home, but perhaps it may
be thought otherwise, and I be mistaken.
" Whenever, sir, this or your other affairs may call you into this county,
I shall be extremely glad to show you any civilities in my power, and beg
you will make my house your home, where I try to keep up to the good old
adage, to welcome the coming and to speed the going guest.'
" I am, with much respect, reverend sir,
Your most obedient, humble servant,
" To the Rev. Mr. WHEELOCK. PH. SCHUYLER."
"February 10, 1770.
' ' REVEREND SIR : As I understand that Colonel Alexander Phelps,
Esquire, has been on business of importance relative to your College, to
wit, the consulting the honorable trustees, at Portsmouth, concerning the
place where it will be best to set the said College, and as there is great en-
gagedness and large subscriptions making by the Proprietors and others of
the towns of Plainfield, Hartford, Harford, Lebanon, Norwich, Hanover,
and some other back towns, for the said School, if said School should be
set in Hanover, in the Province of New Hampshire, now, sir, I suppose
that Colonel Phelps never heard of this subscription, and I apprehend
he has not laid this donation, with the circumstances of the place, before
the Board at Portsmouth.
" Trusting in your wisdom and willingness to hear everything of conse-
quence to said School, I would therefore pray that the place for the said
College may not be fixed on till the donations may be gathered and the cir-
cumstances' of the place be properly laid before their Honors.
" P. S. I suppose there can be as much or more said in favor of its going
to the said town of Hanover than any town on the river, which will be
laid before their Honors in writing, if desired.
" From their humble servant and well-wisher to said School,
JAMES MURCH."
In a later letter he says :
" Now, sir, we all hope you will view the place yourself, and the people
will all be satisfied that the College will be set in the best place for its
benefit ; or, if a disinterested man should come and view the places, and
make a representation, it is generally thought it would come to Hanover or
Lebanon. Now, sir, I shall endeavor to set before you some of the bene-
fits of this place for the College. First, here is a large tract of land of
near three thousand acres or more, all lying together, and the greater part
some of the best of land. I shall only add that there may be a good road
to Portsmouth; and it is in a line to Crown Point from Portsmouth; and
a very narrow place in the great river, for a brig ; and it is by a long pair
of falls; and where salt and other articles, brought up the river, will be
cheaper than they will be further up.
29
450 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
" Having given some short hints of what is commonly talked of where
I have been, I hope you will condescend to forgive what is amiss in this
broken letter.
" So I remain, yours to serve, JAMES MURCH.
"HANOVER, New Hampshire, March 13, 1770.
" P. S. I would inform you we all got up here well."
" The Company expected to attend Commencement at Dartmouth Col-
lege, August 26, 1772, with his Excellency Governor Wentworth, viz. :
The Honorable Mark Hunking Wentworth, Esq. ; George Jaffrey, Esq. ;
Daniel Rogers, Esq. ; Peter Gilman, Esq.; the Honorable John Went-
worth, Esq., Speaker of Assembly ; Major Samuel Hobart, Esq., John Gid-
dinge, Esq., Colonel John Phillips, Esq., John Sherburne, Esq., Members
of Assembly; John Fisher, Esq., Collector of Salem ; Colonel Nathaniel Fol-
som, Esq.; Rev. Dr. Langdon, of Portsmouth; Rev. Mr. Emerson, of
Hollis ; Dr. Cutter; Dr. Bracket; Samuel Penhallow, Esq.; William
Parker, Jun., Esq.; Benjamin Whiting, Esq., High Sheriff of Hillvboro'
County ; Honorable Samuel Holland, Esq., Survey or- General of the North-
ern District, of America and a Councillor of Canada ; Thomas Mac-donogh,
Esq., Secretary to the Governor. About ten more are invited, but I think
uncertain whether they'll undertake the journey." From Gov. Wentworth.
" DARTMOUTH COLLEGE, June 3, 1777, at break of day.
" MY DEAR SIR : I trust you have received my two late letters, by my
son and Sir Trimble, with orders, if you can to good advantage, to make
sale of my tenement at the Crank, and pay my debts to Mr. Dean, Mr.
Watson, and yourself. If you have successfully attempted the affair, or
shall soon so do, I should be glad to see you, and if it may be with the
remainder of the money as soon as may be; or if you could, before you come,
visit Dr. Mead, who was principal of, and agent for, the first grantees of
the town of Landaff, the settlement of which is now retarded and dis-
couraged by the influence of Mr. Joseph Davenport, who has inspired
an apprehension in the minds of the populace that they shall be ex-
posed to a quarrel, if they should settle there, etc. I wish I could send
you a copy of the College Charter, and enable you to discourse understand-
ingly with Dr. Mead, and let him see how amply this incorporation is en-
dowed, and how independent it is made of this government or any other
incorporation; that the first object of the royal grant of said township was
the dispersed Indian natives, and to this corporation only in trust for that
purpose ; that such a matter of controversy can be decided by no judicatory
but supreme, or one equal to that which incorporated it, that is the Con-
tinental Congress ; that unless they can prove that the fee of those lands
was not in reality in the king when the charter thereof was given to the
College and the grant made to the grantees (however irregular and unkind
the steps taken may have been), they will find it difficult, if not impracti-
cable, to recover it. However, to prevent any expense in that matter,
quiet the minds of people and facilitate the settlement, as well as exercise
? roper regard to those who have looked upon themselves injured thereby,
would propose some conditions of agreement with those first grantees,
whereby I might obtain their quitclaims to the premises; that is, either a
sum of money, or some other way. What if you should see Dr. Mead and
discourse with him before you come hither V But the bearer is waiting.
Accept love to you and yours, etc., from your affectionate,
" MR. JABEZ BINGHAM, Jun."
This letter was evidently written by President Wheelock.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
451
MISCELLANEOUS MATTER.
" Since there is great misrepresentations by some concerning my life and
education, I take this opportunity to give the world, in few words, the true
account of my education. I was born a heathen in Mmoyanheeunnuck,
alias Mohegan, in New London, North America. My parents were alto-
gether heathens, and I was educated by them in their heathenish notions,
though there was a sermon preached to our Mohegan tribe sometimes, but
our Indians regarded not the Christian religion. They would persist in their
heathenish ways, and my parents in particular were very strong in the
customs of their forefathers, and they led a wandering life up and down
in the wilderness, for my father was a great hunter. Thus I lived with them
till I was sixteen years old, and then there was a great stir of religion in
these parts of the world both amongst the Indians as well as the English,
and about this time I began to think about the Christian religion, and was
under great trouble of mind for some time. I thought the religion which I
heard at this time was a new thing among mankind, such as they never
heard the like before, so ignorant was I, and when I was seventeen years
of age I received a hope, and as I begun to think about religion, so I be-
gan to learn to read, though I went to no school till I was in my nineteenth
year, and then I went to the Rev. Mr. Wheelock's to learning, and spent
four years there, and was very weakly most of the time; this is the true
account of my education. SAMSON OCCOM.
" BOSTON/NOV. 28, 1765."
Mr. Occom spent the closing years of a useful life at Brotherton, N. Y.,
where he died, in 1792, aged nearly seventy.
" A List of Charity Scholars (in Rev. E. Wheelock's School), from 1754
to 1767:
John Pumpshire, a Delaware.
Jacob Woolley, a Delaware.
Samson Woyboy.
Joseph Woolley, a Delaware.
Hezekiah Calvin, a Delaware.
Joseph Johnson, a Mohegan.
David Fowler, a Montauk.
Aaron Occom, a Mohegan.
Samuel Kirtland, of Norwich.
Isaiah Uncas, a Mohegan.
Amie Johnson, a Mohegan.
Joseph Brant, )
Negyes , > Mohawks.
Center , dead, )
Miriam Stores, a Delaware.
Mohawk,
Sarah Wyog, a Mohegan.
Enoch Closs, a Delaware.
Samuel Tallman, a Delaware.
Daniel Mossock, a Farmington.
Abraham Primus, )
Abraham Secundus, > Mohawks.
Peter , )
Patience Johnson, a Mohegan.
Samuel Gray, of Boston.
Mr. Samuel Ashpo, a Mohegan.
Eleazar Sweetland, of Andover.
Jacob Fowler, a Montauk.
Manuel Simon, a Narraganset.
Hannah Poquiantus, a Nehantic.
Hannah Garret, a Narraganset.
Mary Sequettass, a Narraganset.
David Avery, of Norwich.
David McCluer, of Boston.
Mr. Titus Smith, of South Hadley.
William Primus, >
William Secundus, > Mohawks.
Elias , )
452
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Mr. Theophilus Chamberlain, of
South Hadley.
Susannah, )
Katharine, > Mohawks.
Mary , )
David , an Oneida.
Mr. Aaron Kinne, of Volentown.
Mundeus, J Q - d
Jacob, \
Sarah Simons, a Narraganset.
Charles Daniel, a Narraganset.
John Green, a Mohawk.
Sam'l Johnson, a member of Yale
College.
Allen Mather, of Windsor.
William, an Oneida.
Paulus, a Mohawk.
Seth - , a Mohawk.
John Shaddock, ) -v T
Toby Shaddock, ^arragansets.
Levi Frisbie, of Branford.
_
Toby Shadock's wife and child.
Margaret - ."
In the "History of the Five Indian Nations," by Cadwallader Golden,
we find the following paragraph :
" The French priests had (from time to time) persuaded several of the
Five Nations to leave their own country and to settle near Montreal,
where the French are very industrious in encouraging them. Their num-
bers have been likewise increased by the prisoners the French have taken
in war, and by others who have run from their own country because of
some mischief that they had done, or debts which they owed to the Chris-
tians. These Indians all profess Christianity, and therefore are commonly
called the Praying Indians by their countrymen, and they are called Cah-
nuagas (Caghnawagas) by the people of Albany."
" An agreement between the Reverend Doctor Eleazar Wheelock,
president of Dartmouth College, and Mr. John Smith, late tutor of the
same, with respect to said Mr. Smith's settlement 'and salary in capacity
of professor of the languages in Dartmouth College.
" Mr. Smith agrees to settle as Professor of English, Latin, Greek, He-
brew, Chaldee, etc., in Dartmouth College, to teach which, and as many
of these and other such languages as he shall understand, as the Trus-
tees shall judge necessary and practicable for one man, and also to read
lectures on them, as often as the president, tutors, etc., with himself
shall judge profitable for the Seminary. He also agrees, while he can do
it consistently with his office as professor, annually to serve as tutor to
a class of students in the College. In consideration of which, Dr. Whee-
lock agrees to give him (the said Mr. Smith) one hundred pounds L.
My. annually as a salary to be paid one half in money and the other half
in money or in such necessary articles for a family as wheat, Indian corn,
rye, beef, pork, mutton, butter, cheese, hay, pasturing, etc., as long as he
shall continue professor as aforesaid, and that he shall have these articles
delivered to him at the same price for which they were usually sold before
the commencement of the present war in America, viz. : that he shall have
wheat at 5s. per bushel, rye at 3s., Indian corn at 2s. 6d., fresh beef at 3d.
per lb., salt beef at 4 l-2d., fresh pork at 4 l-2d., salt do. at 7d., fresh beef
at 18s. per ct., do. pork at 25s., mutton .at 3d. per lb., butter at 3d., cheese
at 3d., bread at 2d., hay at 30s. per ton, pasturing per season for horse 30s.,
for cow 20s., and also to give him one acre of land near the College for a
building spot, a deed of which he promises to give him whenever he shall
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 453
request the same. Doctor Wheelock also agrees that Mr. Smith's salary,
viz. : one hundred pounds annually, shall not be diminished when his
business as professor shall be so great that it will render it impracticable
for him to serve as a tutor to a class in College; and that Mr. Smith
shall not be removed from his professorship except the Trustees of
Dartmouth College shall judge him incapacitated therefor, and also that
Mr. Smith's salary shall begin with the date hereof. Doctor Wheelock also
promises to lay this agreement before the Trustees of Dartmouth College
to be confirmed by them at their next meeting. Mr. Smith also promises
that whenever he shall have a sufficient support from any fund established
for the maintenance of a professor of languages, he will give up the salary
to which the agreement entitles him.
* ' In testimony whereof, we have hereunto interchangeably affixed our
hands and seals this 9th day of November, 1777.
" ELEAZAR WHEELOCK. [L. s.]
" JOHN SMITH. [L. s.]
" In presence of :
" SYLVANUS RIPLEY.
'JOSEPH MOTTEY."
"July 3, 1816. The Governor and Council appointed Hon. Josiah
Bartlett, of Stratham, Hon. Joshua Darling, of Henniker, Hon. Wm. H.
Woodward, of Hanover, Matthew Harvey, Esq., of Hopkinton, and Levi
Woodbury, Esq., of Francestown, Trustees of Dartmouth University, and
on the following day added Henry Hubbard, Esq., of Charlestown, Dr.
Cyrus Perkins, of Hanover, Aaron Hutchinson, Esq., of Lebanon, and
Daniel M. Durell, Esq., of Dover. On the same days, Hon. John Lang-
don, of Portsmouth, Hon. William Gray, of Boston, Mass., Gen. Henry
Dearborn, of Roxbury, Mass., Rev. Thomas Baldwin, of Boston, Hon.
Joseph Story, of Salem, Mass., Hon. W. Crowninshield, of Salem,
Mass., Hon. Benjamin Greene, of Berwick, Me., Hon. Cyrus King, of
Saco, Me., Elisha Ticknor, Esq., of Boston, Hon. Clifton Claggett, of
Amherst, Hon. Dudley Chase, of Randolph, Vt., Gen. Henry A. S. Dear-
born, of Boston, Hon. Jonathan H. Hubbard, of Windsor, Vt., Hon.
George Sullivan, of Exeter, James T. Austin, Esq., of Boston, Hon. Levi
Lincoln, Jr., of Worcester, Mass., Hon. Albion Iv. Parris, of Paris, Me.,
Amos Twitchell, M. D., of Keene, Hon. William A. Griswold, of Danville,
Vt., Hon. Clement Storer, of Portsmouth, and Rev. David Sutherland, of
Bath, Overseers of Dartmouth University.
CONTENTS OF CULVER HALL.
Culver Hall has 1. The Hall Collection of Minerals, worth $5,000 by
estimate when presented to the College about forty years since. 2. Min-
erals and rocks collected since, of no great value. 3. Minerals, fossils, and
a collection of 2,000 specimens from Maine deposited by Professor Hitch-
cock. 4. A small zoological collection. 5. A large cast of animals from
Ward's University Series. 6. Antiquities. In the story below is one
room devoted to an excellent herbarium, another to the natural objects
obtained from the States of New Hampshire and Vermont. These are
largely those collected by the State Geologist, consisting of 4,000-5,000
specimens illustrating the rocks. A wall of sections, where specimens have
454
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
been collected along thirteen lines east and west through New Hampshire
and Vermont; and colored geological profiles behind, on the wall. A case
of maps, ten in number, showing such physical features of New Hampshire
as these : geological structure, surface geology, distribution of fauna, dis-
tribution of trees, areas occupied by forests in 1874, hydrographic basins,
isothermal lines, amount of annual rainfall, distribution of soils and the
topography by means of contour lines. There is a large model or relief
map of the State on a table, scale one mile to the inch horizontally, and
1,000 feet to the inch vertically, about fifteen feet long, with the town
boundaries, names of villages, rivers, ponds, railroads, and mountains in-
serted in their proper places; other collections are of the economic prod-
ucts of New Hampshire and Vermont, their minerals and fossils. A large
collection of birds and 1,000 species of insects are here also, presented by
Professor H. Fairbanks.
The Geological recitation room has a large map of the United States in
it, and a case of drawers containing minerals, rocks, fossils, models of
crystals and other collections for use in giving instruction. The labora-
tory is in two parts, one for general and the other for analytical instruc-
tion. Agricultural College library in second story, and several recitation
rooms. Small working shop for Thayer Department in the basement.
PICTURES IN THE HALLS OF DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
1. Rev. Eleazar Wheelock, D. D.,
Founder.
2. Rev. Francis Brown, D. D.
3. The Same.
4. Rev. Bennet Tyler, D. D
5. Rev. Nathan Lord, D. D.,
LL. D.
6. Ebenezer Adams, A. M., F. R. S.
7. Rev. Roswell Shurtleff, D. D.
8. Nathan Smith, M. D.
9. Cyrus Perkins, M. D.
10. Charles B. Haddock, LL. D.
11. William Chamberlain, A. M.
12. Dixi Crosby, M. D., LL. D.
13. Albert Smith, M. D., LL. D.
14. Rev. Benjamin Hale, D. D.
15. Ira Young, A. M.
16. Rev. David Peabody, A. M.
17. Rev. Sam'l G. Brown, D. D.,
LL. D.
18. Rev. Dan'l J. Noyes, D. D.
19. Edwin D. Sanborn, LL. D.
20. Stephen Chase, A. M.
21. Edmund R. Peaslee, M. D.,
LL.D.
22. John S. Woodman, A. M.
23. Rev. John N. Putnam, A. M.
24. Rev. Charles A. Aiken, D. D.,
Ph.D.
25. Hon. James W. Patterson,
LL. D.
26. William Legge, Second Earl of
Dartmouth.
27. John Phillips, LL. D.
28. Rev. Nathaniel Whitaker, D. D.
29. Hon. Daniel Webster, LL. D.
30. The Same (large picture).
31. The Same (head and bust).
32. Hon. Jeremiah Mason, LL. D.
33. Hon. Jeremiah Smith, LL. D.
34. Hon. Joseph Hopkinson.
35. Amos Twitchell, M. D.
36. Richard Fletcher, LL. D.
37. Hon. Matthew Harvey.
38. Hon. Charles Marsh.
39. Hon. Rufus Choate, LL. D. (in
action).
40. The Same (head and bust).
41. Richard B. Kimball, LL. D.
42. Abiel Chandler.
43. Samuel Appleton, A. M.
44. Rev. ^Samson Occom.
45. John Conant.
46. Gen. Sylvanus Thayer, LL. D.
47. Hon. John Quincy Adams,
LL.D.
48. A Knight in Armor.
49. A Lady (a companion picture).
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
455
50. Supposed to be a portrait of an
Italian poet.
51. An untouched photograph of the
original of Stuart's Wash-
ington.
52. An untouched photograph of
Daniel Webster/
53. A bust of Rev. Nathan Lord,
D. D., LL. D.
54. John Hubbard, A. M.
55. Alpheus Crosby, A. M.
56. Thomas R. Crosby, M. D.
57. Pres. J. Wbeelock.
58. Rev. George T. Chapman, D. D.
The picture gallery also contains six slabs, with seven heroic figures,
from Nineveh, the gift of Sir Henry Rawlinson, obtained by Rev. Austin
H. Wright, D. D., of Ooroomiah, Persia.
In 1862 an inventory of the Philosophical Apparatus belonging to the
college was taken, and the transfer was made to the Appleton Fund ; the
amount of this inventory was $2,352.75. While Rev. H. Fairbanks occu-
pied the chair of Natural Philosophy about $800 was paid out. Prof. C.
A. Young expended over $5,000 for apparatus while he had charge of the
department. Most of the apparatus is in good condition, and its value is
not far from $10,000.
For the Astronomical Department Prof. C. A. Young raised among the
Alumni and friends of the college, mostly in New England, over $5,000,
to put the Observatory in good condition.
Recent liberal donations to the College from the State, and from Hon.
E. W. Stoughton, of New York, have enabled the Faculty to put the
Medical Building in complete repair throughout. A suitable room for a
Pathological Museum has been finished, which is frequently receiving
specimens of diseased structure. The supply of plates, models, etc., is
very ample, and is freely used in illustration of the lectures.
LEADING DONORS TO THE ACADEMICAL DEPARTMENT,
SINCE THE DEATH OF THE FOUNDER. ^
Samuel Appleton, founder of the Appleton Professorship.
George H. Bissell ($24,000), founder of Bissell Hall.
Henry Bond, for the Library.
Salmon P. Chase.
David Culver ($25,000), founder of Culver Hall.
William E. Dodge.
Israel Evans, founder of the Evans Professorship.
Richard Fletcher.
James W. Grimes.
Frederic Hall, founder of the Hall Professorship.
Jeremiah Kingman, for Scholarships.
Aaron Lawrence, founder of the Lawrence Professorship.
Joel Parker, for the Library.
John Phillips, founder of the Phillips Professorship.
William Reed, founder of Reed Hall.
George C. Shattuck, founder of the Shattuck Observatory.
Isaac Spalding.
Edward S. Tobey.
John Wentworth.
Henry Winkley ($25,000).
Miss Mary C. Bryant, for the Library.
456 DAETMOUTH COLLEGE.
Mrs. Betsey Whitehouse, for Scholarships.
The sums given by the above average perhaps about $15,000.
It is worthy of remark that a majority of these donations were made or
received during the administration of President Smith.
There are at present ten principal edifices erected for the use of the va-
rious departments of the College :
Dartmouth Hall and the Medical College, erected during the adminis-
tration of Pres. John Wheelock ; Thornton, Wentworth, and Reed Halls,
Shattuck Observatory, and the Chandler Building, erected or completed
during the administration of President Lord ; Bissell, Culver, and Conant
Halls, erected during the administration of President Smith.
During the latter period the President's chair received an endowment of
$30,000, and more than sixty scholarships an endowment of $1,000 each.
Recent bequests to the various departments from Tappan Wentworth,
John D. Willard, Richard Fletcher, John S. Woodman, and Joel Parker
will amount, when available, to over $700,000.
CHARTER OF DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
GEORGE THE THIRD BY THE GRACE OF GOD, OF GREAT BRITAIN,
FRANCE AND IRELAND, KING, DEFENDER OF THE FAITH, ETC.
To all to whom these presents shall come, GREETING :
WHEREAS it hath been represented to our trusty and well-beloved John
Wentworth, Esq., Governor and Commander-in-Chief, in and over our
province of New Hampshire, in New England in America, that the Rev.
Eleazar Wheelock of Lebanon, in the colony of Connecticut, in New
England aforesaid, now Doctor in Divinity, did, on or about the year of
our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and fifty-four, at his own expense,
on his own estate and plantation, set on foot an Indian Charity School, and
for several years, through the assistance of well disposed persons in Amer-
ica, cloathed, maintained and educated a number of the children of the
Indian natives, with a view to their carrying the gospel in their own lan-
guage, and spreading the knowledge of the great Redeemer among their
savage tribes, and hath actually employed a number of them as Mission-
aries and School Masters in the wilderness for that purpose, and by the
blessing of God upon the endeavors of said Wheelock, the design became
reputable among the Indians, insomuch that a larger number desired the
education of their children in said School, and were also disposed to re-
ceive missionaries and school masters in the wilderness, more than could
be supported by the charitable contributions in these American colonies.
Whereupon the said Eleazar Wheelock thought it expedient that en-
deavors should be used to raise contributions from well disposed persons
in England, for the carrying on and extending said undertaking, and for
that purpose said Eleazar Wheelock requested the Rev. Nathaniel Whita-
ker, now Doctor in Divinity, to go over to England for that purpose, and
sent over with him the Rev. Sampson Occom, an Indian minister, who
had been educated by the said Wheelock. And to enable the said Whit-
aker, to the more successful performance of said work on which he .was
sent, said Wheelock gave him a full power of attorney, by which said
Whitaker solicited those worthy and generous contributors to the charity,
viz. the Right Hon. William Earl of Dartmouth, the Hon. Sir Sidney
Stafford Smythe, Knight, one of the Barons of his Majesty's Court of
Exchequer, John Thornton, of Clapham, in the county of Surrey, Esq.,
Samuel Roffey, of Lincoln's Innfields, in the county of Middlesex, Esq.,
Charles Hardey, of the parish of St. Mary-le-bonne, in said county, Esq.,
Daniel West, of Christ's Church, Spitalfields, in the county aforesaid, Esq.,
Samuel Savage, of the same place, gentleman ; Josiah Robarts, of the par-
ish of St. Edmund the King, Lombard Street, London, gentleman, and
Robert Keen, of the parish of St. Botolph, Aldgate, London, gentleman ;
to receive the several sums of money which should be contributed, and
to be trustees to the contributors to such charity \ which they cheerfully
agreed to.
458 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Whereupon, the said Whitaker did, by virtue of said power of attor-
ney, constitute and appoint the said Earl of Dartmouth, Sir Sidney Staf-
ford Smythe, John Thornton, Samuel Roffey, Charles Hardey, and Daniel
West, Esquires, and Samuel Savage, Josiah Robarts, and Robert Keen,
gentlemen, to be trustees of the money which had then been contributed,
and which should by his means be contributed for said purpose ; which
trust they have accepted, as by their engrossed declaration of the same
under their hands and seals, well executed fully appears, and the same
hath also been ratified by a deed of trust, well executed by said Wheelock.
And the said Wheelock further represents, that he has, by a power of
attorney, for many weighty reasons, given full power to the said trustees,
to fix upon and determine the place for said school, most subservient to
the great end in view. And to enable them understandingly to give the
preference, the said Wheelock has laid before the said trustees the several
offers which have been generously made in the several governments in
America to encourage and invite the settlement of said school among them
for their own private emolument, and for the increase of learning in their
respective places, as well as for the furtherance of the general design in
view.
And whereas a large number of the proprietors of lands in the western
part of this our province of New Hampshire, animated and excited thereto
by the generous example of his Excellency their Governor, and by the lib-
eral contributions of many noblemen and gentlemen in England, and es-
pecially by the consideration that such a situation would be as convenient
as any for carrying on the great design among the Indians ; and also con-
sidering that without the least impediment to the said design, the same
school may be enlarged and improved to promote learning among the Eng-
lish, and be a means to suppjy a great number of churches and congrega-
tions which are likely soon to be formed in that new country, with a
learned and orthodox ministry, they the said proprietors have promised
large tracts of land for the uses aforesaid, provided the school shall be set-
tled in the western part of our said province.
And they the said Right Hon. Hon. and worthy trustees before men-
tioned, having maturely considered the reasons and arguments in favor of
the several places proposed, have given the preference to the western part
of our said province, lying on Connecticut river, as a situation most con-
venient for said school.
And the said Wheelock has further represented a necessity of a legal
incorporation, in order to the safety and well being of said seminary, and
its being capable of the tenure and disposal of lands and bequests for the
use of the same. And the said Wheelock has also represented, that for
many weighty reasons, it will be expedient, at least in the infancy of said
institution, or till it can be accommodated in that new country, and he
and his friends be able to remove and settle by and round about it, that
the gentlemen whom he has already nominated in his last will (which he
has transmitted to the aforesaid gentlemen of the trust in England) to be
trustees in America, should be of the corporation now proposed. And also
as there are already large collections for said school in the hands of the
aforesaid gentlemen of the trust in England, and all reason to believe from
their signal wisdom, piety, and zeal, to promote the Redeemer's cause
(which has already procured for them the utmost confidence of the king-
dom) we may expect they will appoint successors in time to come, who will
be men of the same spirit, whereby great good may and will accrue many
ways to the institution, and much be done by their example and influence
to encourage and facilitate the whole design in view; for which reasons
said Wheelock desires that the trustees aforesaid, may be vested with
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 459
all that power therein which can consist with their distance from the
same.
Know ye therefore that We, considering the premises and being will-
ing to encourage the laudable design of spreading Christian knowledge
among the savages of our American wilderness. And also that the best
means of education be established in our province of New Hampshire, for
the benefit of said province, do, of our special grace, certain knowledge
and mere motion, by and with the advice of our council for said province,
by these presents will, ordain, grant and constitute that there be a college
erected in our said province of New Hampshire, by the name of Dartmouth
College, for the education and-instruction of youths of the Indian tribes in
,this land, in reading, writing, and all parts of learning, which shall ap-
pear necessary and expedient, for civilizing and christianizing the chil-
dren of pagans, as well as in all liberal arts and sciences, and also of Eng-
lish youths, and any others. And the trustees of said college may, and
shall be, one body corporate and politic in deed, action and name, and
shall be called, named, and distinguished by the name of The Trustees of
Dartmouth College.
And further, We have willed, given, granted, constituted and ordained,
and by this our present charter, of our special grace, certain knowledge
and mere motion, with the advice aforesaid, do for us, our heirs and suc-
cessors forever, will, give, grant, constitute, and ordain, that there shall
from henceforth and forever, be in the said Dartmouth College, a body
politic, consisting of Trustees of Dartmouth College. And for the more
full and perfect erection of said Corporation and body politic, consisting
of Trustees of Dartmouth College, We, of our special grace, certain
knowledge and mere motion, do, by these presents, for us, our heirs and
successors, make, ordain, constitute and appoint, our trusty and well be-
loved John AVentworth, Esquire, Governor of our said province, and the
governor of our said province of New Hampshire, for the time being, and
our trusty and well beloved Theodore Atkinson, Esquire, now president of
our council of our said province, George Jaffrey and Daniel Pierce,
Esqrs., both of our said council, and Peter Gilman, Esq., now Speaker of
our House of Representatives in said province, and William Pitkin, Esq..
one of the Assistants of our colony of Connecticut, and our trusty and
well beloved Eleazar Wheelock, of Lebanon, Doctor in Divinity, Benja-
min Pomeroy, of Hebron, James Lockwood, of Weathersfield, Timothy
Pitkin and John Smalley, of Farmington, and William Patten of Hart-
ford, all of our said colony of Connecticut, ministers of the gospel (the
whole number of said trustees consisting, and hereafter forever to consist,
of twelve and no more) to be trustees of said Dartmouth College, in this
our province of New Hampshire.
And We do further, of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere
motion, for us, our heirs and successors, will, give, grant and appoint that
the said trustees and their successors shall, forever hereafter, be in deed,
act and name, a body corporate and politic, and that they the said body
corporate and politic, shall be known and distinguished in all deeds,
grants, bargains, sales, writings, evidences or otherwise however, and in
all courts forever hereafter plead and be impleaded by the name of The
Trustees of Dartmouth College. And that the said corporation by the
name aforesaid, shall be able and in law capable for the use of said Dart-
mouth College, to have, get, acquire, purchase, receive, hold, possess and
enjoy, tenements, hereditaments, jurisdictions and franchises for them-
selves and their successors, in fee simple or otherwise however, and to pur-
chase, receive, or build any house or houses, or any other buildings, as
they shall think needful and convenient for the use of said Dartmouth
460 DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE.
College, and in such town in the western part of our said province of New
Hampshire, as shall, by said trustees, or the major part of them be agreed
upon, their said agreement to be evidenced by an instrument in writing
under their hands ascertaining the same. And also to receive and dispose
of any lands, goods, chattels and other things of what nature soever, for
the use aforesaid. And also to have, accept and receive any rents, profits,
annuities, gifts, legacies, donations or bequests of any kind whatsoever for
the use aforesaid : so nevertheless, that the yearly value of the premises
do not exceed the sum of six thousand pounds sterling. And therewith or
otherwise to support and pay, as the said trustees, or the major part of
such of them as are regularly convened for that purpose, shall agree ; the
president, tutors, and other officers and ministers of said Dartmouth Col-
lege, and also to pay all such missionaries and school masters as shall be
authorized, appointed and employed by them for civilizing, Christianizing,
and instructing the Indian natives of this land, their several allowances,
and also their respective annual salaries or allowances, and also such nec-
essary and contingent charges, as from time to time shall arise and accrue,
relating to said Dartmouth College. And also to bargain, sell, let or as-
sign lands, tenements, hereditaments, t goods or chattels, and all other
things whatsoever, by the name aforesaid, in as full and ample a manner,
to all intents and purposes as a natural person or other body corporate or
politic, is able to do by the laws of our realm of Great Britain, or of said
province of New Hampshire.
And further, of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion,
to the intent that our said corporation and body politic may answer the
end of their erection and constitution, and may have perpetual succession
and continuance forever, We do for us, our heirs and successors, will, give
and grant unto the said trustees of Dartmouth College, and to their suc-
cessors forever, that there shall be once a year, and every year, a meeting
of said trustees, held at said Dartmouth College, at such time' as by said
trustees, or the major part of them, at any legal meeting of said trustees
shall be agreed on. The first meeting to be called by the said Eleazar
Wheelock, as soon as conveniently may be, within one year next after the
enrolment of these our letters patent, at such time and place as he shall
judge proper. And the said trustees, or the major part of any seven or
more of them, shall then determine on the time for holding the annual
meeting aforesaid, which may be altered as they shall hereafter find most
convenient.
And We do further ordain and direct, that the said Eleazar Wheelock
shall notify the time for holding the first meeting to be called as aforesaid,
by sending a letter to each of said trustees, and causing an advertisement
thereof to be printed in the " New Hampshire Gazette," and in some pub-
lic newspaper printed in the colony of Connecticut. But in case of the
death or incapacity of said Wheelock, then such meeting to be notified in
manner as aforesaid, by the Governor or Commander in Chief of our said
province for the time being.
And We also, for us, our heirs and successors, hereby will, give and
grant unto the said trustees of Dartmouth College aforesaid, and to their
successors forever, that when any seven or more of the said trustees or
their successors are convened and met together for the service of said
Dartmouth College, at any time or times, such seven or more shall be capa-
ble to act as fully and amply to all intents and purposes, as if all the trus-
tees of said College were personally present ; and all affairs and actions
whatsoever, under the care of said trustees, shall be determined by the
majority or greater number of those seven or more trustees, so convened
and met together.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 461
And we do further will, ordain and direct, that r the president, trustees,
professors, and tutors, and all such officers as shall be appointed for the
public instruction and government of said College, shall, before they under-
take the execution of their respective offices or trusts, or within one year
after, take the oaths and subscribe the declaration, provided by an act of
Parliament, made in the first year of King George the First, entitled,
" An Act for the further security of his Majesty's person and government,
and the succession of the Crown in the heirs of the late Princess Sophia
being Protestants, and for the extinguishing the hopes of the pretended
Prince of Wales, and his open and secret abettors," that is to say, the
president before the governor of our said province for the time being, or
by one empowered by him to that service, or by the president of our coun-
cil, and the trustees, professors, tutors and other officers before the presi-
dent of said college, for the time being, who is hereby empowered to ad-
minister the same : an entry of all which shall be made in the records of
the said college.
And we do for us, our heirs and successors, hereby will, give and grant
full power and authority to the president, hereafter by us named, and to
his successors, or in case of his failure, to any three or more of said trus-
tees, to appoint other occasional meetings, from time to time, of the said
seven trustees, or any greater number of them, to transact any matter or
thing necessary to be done, before the next annual meeting, and to order
notice to the said seven or any greater number of them, of the times and
places of meetings for the services aforesaid, by a letter under his or their
hands of the same, one month before said meeting. Provided always, that
no standing rule or order be made or altered, for the regulation of said
college, or any president or professor be chosen or displaced, or any other
matter or thing transacted or done, which shall continue in force after the
then next annual meeting of said trustees as aforesaid.
And further, We do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors,
create, make, constitute, nominate and appoint our trusty and well be-
loved Eleazar Wheelock, Doctor in Divinity, the founder of said college,
to be president of said Dartmouth College, and to have the immediate
care of the education and government of such students, as shall be ad-
mitted into said Dartmouth College, for instruction and education ; and
do will, give and grant to him in said office, full power, authority and
right to nominate, appoint, constitute and ordain by his last will, such
suitable and meet person or persons as he shall choose, to succeed him in
the presidency of said Dartmouth College ; and the person so appointed
by his last will, to continue in office, vested with all the powers, privileges,
jurisdiction and authority of a president of said Dartmouth College, that
is to say, so long as until such appointment, by said last will, shall be dis-
approved by the trustees of said Dartmouth College.
And We do also for us, our heirs and successors, will, give and grant to
the said trustees of Dartmouth College, and to their successors forever, or
any seven or more of them, convened as aforesaid, that in case of the
ceasing or failure of a president, by any means whatsoever, that the said
trustees do elect, nominate and appoint such qualified person, as they, or
the major part of any seven or more of them, convened for that purpose,
as above directed, shall think fit, to be president of said Dartmouth Col-
lege, and to have the care of the education and government of the students
as aforesaid. And in case of the ceasing of a president as aforesaid, the
senior professor or tutor, being one of the trustees, shall exercise the office
of a president, until the trustees shall make choice of, and appoint a pres-
ident as aforesaid; and such professor or tutor, or any three or more of
the trustees, shall immediately appoint a meeting of the* body of the trus-
462 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
tees for the purpose aforesaid. And also, We do will, give and grant to
the said trustees, convened as aforesaid, that they elect, nominate and ap-
point, so many tutors and professors, to assist the president in the educa-
tion and government of the students belonging thereto as they the said
trustees shall, from time to time, and at any time think needful and serv-
iceable to the interests of said Dartmouth College, And also that the
said trustees, or their successors, or the major part of any seven or more
of them, convened for that purpose as above directed, shall at any time
displace and discharge from the service of said Dartmouth College, any or
all such officers, and elect others in their room and stead as before di-
rected. And also that the said trustees or their successors, or the major
part of any seven of them which shall convene for that purpose as above
directed, do from time to time as occasion shall require, elect, constitute
and appoint a treasurer, a clerk, an usher and a steward, for the said
Dartmouth College, and appoint to them, and each of them, their respect-
ive businesses and trust ; and displace and discharge from the service of
said college, such treasurer, clerk, usher or steward, and elect others in
their room and stead; which officers so elected as before directed, We do
for us, our heirs and successors, by these presents constitute and establish
in their respective offices, and do give to each and every of them, full
power and authority, to exercise the same in said Dartmouth College, ac-
cording to the directions and during the pleasure of the said trustees, as
fully and freely as any like officers in any of OUF universities, colleges, or
seminaries of learning, in our realm of Great Britain, lawfully may or
ought to do.
And also, that the said trustees or their successors, or the major part of
any seven or more of them, which shall convene for that purpose, as is
above directed, as often as one or more of said trustees shall die, or by re-
moval or otherwise shall, according to their judgment become unfit or in-
capable to serve the interests of said college, do, as soon as may be, after
the death, removal, or such unfitness or incapacity of such trustee or trus-
tees, elect and appoint such trustee or trustees as shall supply the place of
him or them so dying, or becoming incapable to serve the interests of said
college; and every trustee so elected and appointed, shall, by virtue of
these presents, and such election and appointment, be vested with all the
powers and privileges which any of the other trustees of said college are
hereby vested with. And We do further will, ordain and direct, that from
and after the expiration of two years from the enrolment of these pres-
ents, such vacancy or vacancies shall be filled up unto the complete num-
ber of twelve Trustees, eight of the aforesaid whole number of the body of
the trustees shall be resident and respectable freeholders of our said Prov-
ince of New Hampshire, and seven of said whole number shall be laymen.
And We do further of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere
motion, will, give and grant unto the said trustees of Dartmouth College
that they and their successors, or the major part of any seven of them
which shall convene for that purpose as above directed, may make, and
they are hereby fully empowered from time to time fully and lawfully to
make and establish such ordinances, orders and laws, as may tend to the
good and wholesome government of the said College, and alfthe students
and the several officers and ministers thereof, and to the public benefit of
the same, not repugnant to the laws and statutes of our realm of Great
Britain or of this our province of New Hampshire (and not excluding any
person of any religious denomination whatsoever from free and equal lib-
erty and advantage of education, or from any of the liberties and privi-
leges or immunities of the said College on account of his or their specula-
tive sentiments in religion, and of his or their being of a religious profession
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 463
different from the said Trustees of the said Dartmouth College), and such
ordinances, orders and laws which shall as aforesaid be made, we do by
these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, ratify, allow of and con-
firm, as good and effectual to oblige and bind all the students and the
several officers and ministers of said College. And We do hereby au-
thorize and empower the said Trustees of Dartmouth College, and the
president, tutors and professors by them elected and appointed as afore-
said, to put such ordinances, laws and orders into execution to all intents
and purposes.
And We do further of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere
motion, will, give and grant unto the said Trustees, of said Dartmouth Col-
lege, for the encouragement of learning and animating the students of said
College to diligence and industry and a laudable progress in literature, that
they and their successors, or the major part of any seven or more of them
convened for that purpose as above directed, do by the President of said
College for the time being, or any other deputed by them, give and grant
any such degree or degrees to any of the students of the said College, or
any others by them thought worthy thereof, as are usually granted in either
of the Universities or any other College in our realm of Great Britain ; and
that they sign and seal diplomas or certificates of such graduations to be
kept by the graduates as perpetual memorials and testimonies thereof.
And We do further of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere
motion, for us, our heirs and successors, by these presents give and grant
unto the Trustees of said Dartmouth College and to their successors, that
they and their successors shall have a common seal under which they may
pass all diplomas or certificates of degrees, and all other affairs of business
of and concerning the said College, which shall be engraven in such form
and with such an inscription as shall be devised by the said Trustees for
the time being, or by the major part of any seven or more of them con-
vened for the service of said College as is above directed.
And We do further for us our heirs and successors, give and grant unto
the Trustees of said Dartmouth College and their successors, or to the major
part of any seven or more of them convened for the service of said College,
full power and authority from time to time to nominate and appoint all
other officers and ministers which they shall think convenient and neces-
sary for the service of the said College not herein particularly named or
mentioned; which officers and ministers we do hereby impower to execute
their offices and trusts as fully and freely as any one of the officers and
ministers in our Universities or Colleges in our realm of Great Britain law-
fully may or ought to do.
And further, that the generous contributors to the support of this de-
sign of spreading the knowledge of the only true God and Saviour among
the American savages, may from time to time be satisfied that their libera-
tions are faithfully disposed of in the best manner for that purpose, and
that others may in future time be encouraged in the exercise of the like
liberality for promoting the same pious design ; it shall be the duty of the
President of said Dartmouth College and of his successors, annually or as
often as he shall be thereunto desired or requested, to transmit to the
Right Hon., Hon. and worthy Gentlemen of the trust in England before
mentioned, a faithful account of the improvements and disbursements of
the several sums he shall receive from the donations and bequests made in
England through the hands of the said Trustees, and also advise them of
the general plans laid and prospects exhibited, as well as a faithful account
of all remarkable occurrences, in order if they shall think expedient that
they may be published. And this to continue so long as they shall perpet-
uate their board of Trust, and there shall be any of the Indian natives
remaining to be proper objects of that charity.
464 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
And lastly, our express will and pleasure is, and We do by these pres-
ents for us our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the said Trustees
of Dartmouth College and to their successors forever, that these our letters
patent or the enrolment thereof in the Secretary's office of our province
of New Hampshire aforesaid, shall be good and effectual in law to all in-
tents and purposes against us our heirs and successors, without any other
license, grant or confirmation from us our heirs and successors hereafter
by the said Trustees to be had and obtained, notwithstanding the not writ-
ing or misrecital, not naming or misnaming the aforesaid offices, franchises,
privileges, immunities, or other the premises or any of them, and notwith-
standing a writ of ad quod damnum hath not issued forth to enquire of the
premises or any of them before the ensealing hereof, any statute, act, or-
dinance or proviso, or any other matter or thing to the contrary notwith-
standing.
To have and to hold, all and singular the privileges, advantages, lib-
erties, immunities, and all other the premises herein and hereby granted
and given, or which are meant, mentioned, or intended to be herein and
hereby given and granted unto them the said Trustees of Dartmouth Col-
lege and to their successors forever.
In Testimony whereof We have caused [these our letters to be made
patent, and the public seal of our said province of New Hampshire to be
hereunto affixed.
Witness our trusty and well beloved John Wentworth, Esq., Governor
and Commander in Chief in and over our said Province, etc., this thir-
teenth day of December, in the tenth year of our reign, and in the year of
our Lord one thousand seven hundred and sixty-nine.
J. WENTWORTH.
By his Excellency's command )
with the advice of Council. J
THEODORE ATKINSON, Secretary.
r Locus "1
LSigilli. J
INDEX.
Abbott, 276.
Accum, F., 272.
Adams, D., 405.
Adams, Ebenezer, 90, 112, 126, 235,
239, 241, 243, 244, 287, 291, 295, 404.
Adams, Eliza, 291.
Adams, Ephraim, 241.
Adams, John, 77.
Adams, Joseph, 16, 17, 18.
Adams, J. O., 165, 166.
Adams, R. L., 241.
Aiken, C. A., 337.
Aiken, J., 394.
Aiken, S., 337, 370, 394.
Akerman, A. T., 401.
Albany Medical School, 359.
Alexander, A., 233.
Allen, D. H., 403.
Allen, E. A., 166.
Allen, H., 400.
Allen, S. C., 97, 400.
Allen, Thomas, 35.
Allen, Timothy, 20.
Allen, W., 72, 76.
Alvord, J. C., 401.
Amherst College, 247, 389, 402.
Ambers t, J., 23.
Anderson, R., 277, 396, 397.
Andover Theological Seminary, 169,
249, 277, 287, 304, 319, 321, 330, 389,
396.
Andral, 361.
Andrews, G. L., 378.
Antietam, 407.
Appleton, J., 119, 127, 169, 276, 396,
402, 405.
Appleton, S., 162, 391.
Arnold, L. H., 400.
Arnold, T., 206.
Atkinson, G. H., 403.
Atkinson, T., 51, 52.
Auburn Theological Seminary, 330,
331, 336.
Austin, 222.
Backus, C., 233, 245.
Backus, S., 401.
30
Badger, J., 310.
Bailey, K., 397.
Bailey, M., 403.
Bailey, R. W., 337, 403.
Baker, W. L., 407.
Bancroft, C. F. P., 404.
Bancroft, J. P., 406.
Bangor Theological Seminary, 397.
Bannister, 165.
Barber, J., 20.
Barker, F., 360.
Barnard, W. E., 403.
Barrett, J., 186, 401.
Barstow, J. W., 354, 363.
Barstow, Z. S., 174.
Bartlett, E., 345, 366.
Bartlett, I., 114, 400.
Bartlett, S. C., 186, 190, 337, 358, 405,
408.
Bartlett, W. H., 401.
Barton, B. S., 350.
Bates College, 402.
Baylies, N., 401.
Beattie, 380.
Bedel, 76.
Bell, J., 400.
Bell, L. V., 406.
Bell, S., 394, 400, 406.
Bell, S. N., 400.
Bellamy, J., 8, 89.
Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 359,
366.
Berkeley, G., 3, 4, 9.
Bermuda, College at, 3.
Bernard, 361.
Bernard, Sir F., 49.
Betton, S., 400.
Bickmore, A. S., 403.
Bigelow, A., 400.
Bigelow, J., 265.
Bigelow, T., 107.
Bingham, 220.
Bingham, A., 13.
Bingham, C., 338, 404, 405.
Birney, 399.
Bissell, C., 390.
Bissell, G. H., 390, 407.
466
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Bissell, W. H., 390.
Blaisdell, J. J., 403.
Blanchard, J., 400.
Blois, 79.
Boardman, B., 20.
Boardman, H. E. J., 403.
Bond, H., 162, 337, 392, 405.
Bonney, B. W., 401.
Bouton, J. B., 405.
Bouton, N., 171, 172,394.
Bowdoin College, 169, 276, 277, 278,
351, 358, 362, 366, 402.
Boyle, R., 2, 3, 4, 12.
Bradford, 53.
Bradford, E. P., 100.
Bradford, W., 8.
Brainerd, D., 12.
Brainerd, J., 12.
Brant, J., 29.
Breck, D., 400.
Brewer, F. B., 407.
Briggs, 166.
Brigham, E., 400.
Brigham, L., 305.
Brigham, L. F., 401.
Brigham, M., 305.
Brown, A., 403, 407.
Brown, A. H., 403, 406.
Brown, B., 117.
Brown, E. G., 120,260,262.
Brown, F., 100, 108, 112, 117, 119, 120,
121, 123, 124, 126, 127, 213, 242, 338,
408.
Brown, J., 337, 397.
Brown, J. P., 406.
Brown, P. K., 117.
Brown, S. G., 120, 186, 238, 248, 307,
308, 313,315, 316, 321,336.
Brown University, 212.
Brunson, D., 400.
Buffum, J., 400.
Bullen, H. L., 403.
Bull Run, 407.
Burleigh, W., 387.
Burlingame, 184.
Burnham, A., 392, 397.
Burr, A., 8.
Burroughs, E., 9, 212.
Burton, A., 397, 405.
Bush, G., 403, 405.
Butler, C., 338, 404.
Byles, M., 20.
Byrd, W., 3.
Caghnawaga Chiefs, 67.
Caldwell, H. M , 407.
California, College of, 403.
Calvin, J., 120.
Carroll, C. W., 407.
Carter, E., 257, 404.
Carter, N. H., 257, 258, 405.
Carteret, 3.
Casey, 365.
Centennial Celebration, 183.
Chamberlain, J. E., 256.
Chamberlain, S. L. G., 260, 262, 326.
Chamberlain, W., 256, 257, 260, 261,
262, 263, 280, 283, 326.
Chamberlain, W. M., 360.
Chamberlin, G. E., 407.
Chandler, 30.
Chandler, A., 367, 369, 381, 382.
Chapman, 350.
Chapman, G. T., 189, 397, 403.
Chase, B. P., 298.
Chase, C. C., 285.
Chase, D., 400.
Chase, E., 349.
Chase, J., 349.
Chase, M. C., 298.
Chase, P., 397, 402.
Chase, Sarah, 349.
Chase, Stephen, 298, 299,300,301,302,
303, 326,327, 371.
Chase, S. P., 139, 183, 186, 392, 399.
Chenery, 6.
Cheney, 0. B., 402.
Chester, M. A., 329.
Chesley, S. P., 329.
Chicago Theological Seminary, 190.
Chipman, D., 400.
Chittenden, M., 400.
Choate, R., 117, 123, 185, 193, 240, 287,
337, 399, 405.
Church, J. H., 393.
Churchill, C. H., 403.
Clap, T., 8, 41, 58, 88.
Clare Hall, 6.
Clark, A., 31, 34.
Clark, Daniel, 186, 400.
Clark, Dorus, 247.
Clark, E. W., 397.
Clarke, A. W., 403.
Clarke, I. L., 407.
Clay, H., 400.
Cleaveland, C. D., 403, 405.
Cleaveland, E., 35, 37, 38, 217.
Cleaveland, M., 217.
Clyde, 79, 290.
Cogswell, F., 407.
Cogswell, J., 309.
Cogswell, J. B., 309.
Cogswell, J. G., 265.
Cogswell, W., 298, 309, 311, 312, 313,
315.
Coke, 116.
Colby, J. K., 404.
Cold Harbor, 407.
Collar, 289.
Collins, 222.
Collins' Peerage, 380.
Colman, 4.
Colman, H., 405, 406.
Columbia, 31.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
467
Columbia College, 281.
Columbian College, 376.
Comings, G. P., 403.
Commerce, Journal of, 260.
Conant, J., 382, 383.
Conner, P. S., 406.
Converse, A., 405.
Cook, A. J., 404.
Cooke, G., 403.
Cooper, Sir A., 352.
Cotton, 1.
Cotton, W., 17, 18.
Craft, J., 6.
Crane, C., 337.
Crosby, 406.
Crosby, Alpheus, 141, 182, 276, 283,
284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 316,
317, 405.
Crosby, Asa, 283, 354.
Crosby, A. B., 339, 345, 349, 363, 364,
366.
Crosby, A. G. J. C., 288.
Crosby, A. R., 283.
Crosby, D., 339, 345,354, 355,356,357,
363, 364.
Crosby, M. J. M., 363.
Crosby, N., 182, 258, 388, 405.
Crosby, T. R., 375.
Culver, D., 374, 390, 391.
Currier, A. N., 403.
Curtis, A., 167, 405.
Cashing, J. P., 402.
Cushman, 43.
Cutler, A. C. G. J., 288.
Cutler, A. G. J., 288.
Cutler, J., 288.
Cutting, J., 401.
Daggett, 58.
Dana, C. B., 403.
Dana, D., 126, 127, 129, 131, 132, 310,
408.
Dana, E. C., 132.
Dana, James F., 256, 271, 272, 273, 274,
275, 278, 279, 344, 345.
Dana, Jonathan F., 271.
Dana, Joseph, 403.
Dana, Judah, 338, 400.
Dana, L., 271.
Dana, L. G., 271.
Dana, R., 271.
Dana, S., 271.
Dana, S. E., 132.
Dana, S. L., 271.
Dartmouth Controversy, 88.
Dartmouth, Earl of, 4, 23, 25, 27, 28,
31, 39, 41, 42, 47, 48, 72, 78, 380,381.
Dartmouth Hall, Erection of, 80.
Davenport, J., 71.
Davis, 272.
Davis, C. A., 407.
Davis, E., 247, 248.
Davis, M., 163, 164.
Deaf Mutes, College for, 402.
Dean, J., 57, 219, 257, 258, 337, 403.
DeBerdt, 41.
Dedham, 6, 7, 55, 310, 313.
Delamater, J., 345, 366.
Delancey, W. H., 282.
Delano, S., 394.
Dickinson, A., 397.
Dickinson, S. F., 402.
Dimond, D., 403.
Dimond, E. W., 374, 375.
Dingley, N., 401.
Dinsmoor, S., 400, 401.
Dixwell, J. J., 368.
Doddridge, P., 253.
Doe, C., 401.
Dorsey, 350.
Douglass, 283.
Dover Town Records, 15.
Downer, J., 401.
Draper, G., 403.
Dresden, 167.
Drury College, 403.
Drury, P., 246.
Drury, T., 246.
Dudley, T., 6.
Dumas, 77.
Duncan, W. H., 167, 183, 186, 392.
Dunham, J., 82, 338.
Dunning, B., 20.
Durell, D. M., 400.
Durkee, S., 405.
Duvall, 114.
Dyer, E., 41.
Dyke, H. M., 407.
Eastman, I. A., 171, 400.
Eastman, T., 213.
East Tennessee, College of, 403.
East Windsor Theological Seminary,
138, 397.
Eaton, J., 404.
Eaton, S., 6.
Edinburgh, University of 35.
Edwards, J., 5, 10, 75.
Edwards, T. M., 400, 407.
Eells, N., 20.
Eliot, 1.
Eliot, John, 7, 263.
Ellis, J. M., 403.
Emerson, C. F., 337.
Emerson, J. S., 338, 397.
Emery, N., 401.
Emmet, T. A., 358, 360.
Emmons, N., 397.
Erskine, 41, 57, 71.
Estabrook, H., 20.
Estabrook, J., 403.
Evans, L, 82, 392.
Evarts, W. M., 399.
Everett, Alexander, 265.
468
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Everett, Augustus, 403.
Everett, D., 405.
Everett, E., 403.
Exeter Donation, 15.
Fairbanks, H., 337.
Fairfield Medical College, 351.
Earnsworth, B. F., 403.
Farrar, C. S., 403.
Farrar, T., 108, 394.
Fellows, S., 407.
Felt, J. B., 405.
Fessenden, T. G., 405, 407.
Field, H. M., 366.
Field, W. A., 400.
Fillmore, M., 253.
First effort to found a College in Amer-
ica, 2.
Fish, J., 20.
Fisk, M. H., 403.
Fiske, J., 397.
Fiske, M., 337.
Fiske, N. W., 337, 397, 402, 405.
Fitch, 41, 245.
Fitch, J., 7.
Flanders, B. F., 400.
Fletcher, I., 400.
Fletcher, Richard, 189, 386, 387, 393,
394, 400.
Fletcher, Robert, 376, 377.
Fletcher, S., 370, 394.
Flint, 360.
Fogg, G. G., 400, 401.
Folsom, N. S., 136, 138, 253, 260, 330,
403, 405.
Forbes, 380.
Forsythe, 79.
Foster, 20.
Foster, A., 397.
Foster, C., 407.
Foster, C. L., 407.
Foster, D., 407.
Foster, S., 403.
Fowler, D., 14.
Fowler, Jacob, 338.
Fowler, Joseph, 20.
Fox, J., 258.
Franklin, B., 58, 77.
Fredericksburg, 407.
Freeman, E., 53.
Freeman, J., 53, 394.
Frink, A., 241.
Frost, C. P., 366.
Frost, E. B., 407.
Fuller, 6.
Fuller, H. T., 404.
Furber, D. L., 303, 322.
Gale, N., 132.
Gallup, J. A., 406.
Gardiner, R. H., 278.
Gates, 76.
Geneva College, 281, 282, 283.
George II., 3.
George III., 380.
Gerrish, A., 387.
Gifford, A., 14, 71.
Gilbert, Samuel, 50.
Gilbert, Sylvester, 400.
Gillett, E., 397.
Gil man, Joseph, 260.
Gilman, Josiah, 262.
Gilman, N., 262.
Gilman, P., 22, 51.
Gilman, T., 120.
Gilmanton Theological Seminary, 311,
314.
Gladstone, 193, 206.
Goddard, C., 400.
Godding, W. W., 406.
Gooch, D. W., 400.
Goodell, W., 397. '
Goodhue, A. B., 403.
Goodrich, C. B., 401.
Goodwin, I., 303.
Goodwin, J. N., 400.
Goodwin, S. T., 303.
Gookin, N., 17, 18.
Gorham, 271.
Grant, U. S., 407.
Graves, M., 20.
Graves, R., 343, 402.
Gray, S., 59.
Greeley, A., 120.
Greenleaf, B., 404, 405.
Gregg, J., 330, 336, 337, 403.
Grennell, G., 400.
Griffith, R., 78.
Grimes, J. W., 400.
Griswold, 280.
Grosvenor, C. P., 403.
Grover, J., 57.
Gurley, E., 57.
Haddock, A. W., 248.
Haddock, C. B., 117, 120, 140, 241, 248,
249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255,269,
329, 401, 405.
Haddock, W. T., 248.
Hadley, J., 403, 406.
Hagar, 287.
Hale, B., 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281,
282, 283, 345.
Hale, T., 276.
Halifax, Lord, 41.
Hall, F., 337, 392, 403.
Hamilton College, 73, 119, 120, 186.
Hampden Sidney College, 402.
Handel Society, 318.
Hanover, Press in, 163.
Hardy, 14.
Hardy, C., 39.
Harris, W., 397.
Hartford Theological Seminary, 397.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
469
Harvard College, 15, 48, 50, 73, 250,
263, 271, 272, 275, 316, 381, 386, 389,
390, 392, 393, 402.
Harvey, M., 189, 400.
Harwood, T., 12.
Haskell, F. A., 407.
Haven, N. A., 100.
Haven, S., 17, 18, 20.
Hayes, F. B., 368.
Hayes, J. L., 405.
Hayes, J. M., 403.
Hayes, W. A., 338, 406.
Hazen, H. A., 167, 405.
Heath, R. R., 401.
Hebron, 8, 12, 20, 31.
Henry, C. S., 403, 404.
Hibbard, A., 57.
Hibbard, H., 400.
Hill, L, 142.
Hinckley, O. S., 337, 403.
Hitchcock, C. H., 337.
Hitchcock, H. 0., 406.
Hobart College, 282.
Hoit, 354.
Hoit, B., 354.
Hollenbush, C. G., 407.
Holmes, J., 113.
Holmes, 0. W., 345, 366.
Holyoke, 266.
Hood, J. E., 165, 166, 167.
Hooker, T., 7, 75.
Hopkins, E., 407.
Hopkins, S., 405.
Hopkinson, J., 113.
Hovey, A., 398, 405.
Hovey, C. E., 404.
Hovey, E. O., 403.
How, L. B., 345, 366.
Howard, 382.
Howard, T., 12.
Howe, 350.
Howe, G., 140, 336.
Hubbard, H., 400.
Hubbard, H. J., 225.
Hubbard, J., 225, 226, 228, 241, 401,
404.
Hubbard, O. P., 336, 345, 366, 378.
Hubbard, S., 393.
Hubbard, W., 263.
Hudnut, J. O., 403.
Hulbert, C. B., 402.
Hunt, J., 400.
Huntington, C., 7.
Huntington, D., 57.
Huntington Family Memoir, 7.
Huntington, J., 76.
Huntington, M., 7.
Huntington, R., 7.
Kurd, S., 403.
Hutchins, A. E., 407.
Hutchinson, 220.
Hyde, A., 397, 402.
Illinois College, 403.
Jackson, L., 230, 231.
Jackson, W., 397, 402.
Jacob, S., 394.
Jaffrey, G., 51.
James, 350.
Jarvis, R., 405.
Jefferson Medical College, 366.
Jefferson, T., 101.
Jewett, D., 20.
Jewett, L., 400.
Jewett, M. P., 403.
Johnson, D., 71.
Johnson, 0., 316, 338, 404.
Johnson, Sir W., 29, 30, 219.
Joy, J. F., 402, 407.
Jubilee College, 402.
Judson, 222.
Keen, R., 39, 42, 70, 222.
Kelly, J., 370.
Kendall, A., 401, 402.
Kendall, T., 57.
Kendrick, J., 403.
Kendrick, M. T., 362.
Kendrick, S., 362.
Kent, G., 186.
Kenyon College, 402.
Kimball, G., 406.
Kimball, R., 255.
Kimball, R. B., 186,405.
King, C., 278.
King, M. C., 278.
Kingman, Jeremiah, 392.
Kingman, Joseph, 290.
Kingman, M., 290.
Kirkland, J. T., 73.
Kirkland, S., 72, 73.
Kirtland, D., 20.
Kirtland, S., 55.
Kittredge, G. W., 387.
Knapp, S. L., 405.
Knox, 65.
Labaree, B., 402.
Laennec, 361.
Lancaster, D., 257, 260, 309, 312.
Landaff, 36, 70, 81, 83, 116.
Lang, R., 255.
Lang, S. S., 255.
Langdon, S., 17, 18, 20, 43, 65.
Lansing, A. J., 35.
Lawrence, A., 392.
Lebanon, Conn., 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 18,
25, 31, 35, 43, 53, 59, 71, 76, 220,
223.
Ledyard, 45.
Leeds, S. P., 324.
Library, Origin of, 70.
Lincoln, A., 202.
Lincoln, N. S., 403, 406.
470
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Little, A., 276.
Little, E., 20.
Little, J., 276.
Little, M., 276.
Lockwood, J., 52.
Long, C., 228, 316, 329, 330, 331, 336,
404.
Long Island Medical College, 366.
Long, M. C., 329.
Long, S., 329.
Lord, E. K. L., 176.
Lord, J., 168, 405.
Lord, J. K., 337, 397.
Lord, M. P., 168.
Lord, N., 131, 143, 157, 167, 168, 169,
170, 175, 176, 256, 293, 298, 306,308,
329, 331, 369, 391, 408.
Lothian, Marquis of, 14.
Lothrop, E., 20.
Louis, 347, 361.
Lowe, A. T., 348.
Lundy's Lane, 407.-
Luzerne, Chevalier de, 77.
Lyman, J., 188.
Lyman, J. S., 400.
Lyman, P., 41.
Lyon, A., 400.
Macclion, 78.
Mack, A., 337, 404.
Malgaigne, 361.
Mann, T., 165.
March, C., 22.
Marsh, 9.
Marsh, C., 90, 96, 107, 392, 400.
Marsh, G. P., 400, 401, 405.
Marsh, J., 287, 337, 402, 404.
Marsh, L., 403.
Marshall, J., 113, 122, 189, 195.
Marston, G., 400.
Mason, 9.
Mason, D., 217.
Mason, J., 96, 114, 124, 125, 392, 400.
Mason, S., 217.
Mather, A., 37.
Mattoon, E., 400, 407.
May hew, 1.
McClure, D., 8, 58, 65, 221.
McDowell, E., 359.
McFarland, A., 105, 106, 107, 337, 394,
397.
Mclntire, R., 400.
McKeen, J., 169, 402.
Meadville Theological Seminary, 136.
Medfield, 6.
Mendon, 6.
Merrill, T. A., 337, 397, 402.
Merton College, 203.
Metcalf, K, 403.
Metcalf, R., 401.
Miami Medical College, 351.
Michie, P. S., 378.
Michigan, University of, 366.
Middlehury College, 133, 241, 351,402.
Miller, 407".
Miller, O., 401.
Mills, C., 403.
Milton, J., 6.
Minot, B., 241.
Monthly Anthology, 223.
Moody," J., 17, 20.
Moody, M. J., 357.
Moody, Samuel, 211, 214.
Moody, Stephen, 357.
Moore, J., 244.
Moore, M. S., 244.
Moore, Z. S., 90, 241, 244, 246, 247, 248,
256, 402.
More, J., 6, 12, 13, 40.
Morland, W. W., 405.
Morris, G., 40.
Morris, G. S., 403.
Morrison, N. J., 403.
Morse, 6.
Morse, H. B., 306.
Morse, S. F. B., 273, 274, 275.
Morton, 304.
Moseley, S., 12, 20.
Murch, E., 403.
Murch, J., 54.
Mussey, J., 349.
Mussey, R. D., 127, 266, 267, 272, 278,
339,343, 344, 345, 349, 350, 351, 352,
353, 354, 356, 406.
Narragansett Fort, 13.
Nason, B., 387.
Nelson, Jeremiah, 400.
Nelson, John, 308, 309.
New Jersey, College of, 13, 23.
Newman, M., 404.
Newton, L, 58.
New York Medical College, 358.
New York, University of, 273, 366.
Nicholl, Sir C. G., 380.
Nicholl, F. C., 380.
Niebuhr, 199, 206, 207.
Niles, J. B., 403.
Niles, N., 89, 394.
Norris, M., 400.
Northern Academy, Formation of So-
ciety of, 161, oil.
Norton, J., 6, 20.
Noyes, D. J., 336
Noyes, E. F., 401.
Noyes, John, 337, 400.
Noyes, Josiah, 337, 403, 406.
Nutting, W., 404.
Oakes, V. B., 407.
Occom, S., 12, 13, 14, 23, 26, 27, 42.
Odlin, W., 17.
Ohio, Medical College of, 268, 351.
Olcott, B., 89.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
471
Olcott, Mills, 393.
Oliver, B. L., 265, 266.
Oliver, D., 87, 256, 263, 266, 267, 268,
269, 270, 272, 278, 279, 281, 345, 350.
Oliver, F. E., 405.
Oliver, H. K., 258.
Oliver, T., 263.
Oliver, T. F., 263.
Orange, Prince of, 78.
Orcmt, H., 404.
Ordronaux, J., 403, 406.
Orr, B., 400.
Osgood, 350.
Osgood, H., 350.
Pacific University, 403.
Packard, 277.
Packard, T., 397.
Packard, W. A., 337.
Paine, E., 105, 118,392.
Palermo, Academy of, 270.
Palfrey, J. C., 378.
Palmer, B. R., 406.
Pancoast, 366.
Parish, E., 8, 225.
Park,.J., 404, 405.
Parker, E., 162, 369, 384, 393.
Parker, E. H., 405.
Parker, H. E., 337, 365.
Parker, L, 162.
Parker, I. A., 403.
Parker, J., 162, 369, 370, 384, 385, 386,
394, 400.
Parker, W., 46.
Parkhurst, J. L., 287.
Parks, B., 404.
Parris, A. K., 189,400.
Parsons, S., 18.
Parsons, U., 345, 366.
Patten, W., 10, 217.
Patterson, J. W., 186, 328, 336, 371,
400.
Payson, E., 241.
Payson, M. P., 393.
Payson, S., 394.
Peabody, D., 298, 304, 306, 307, 308,
330, 331.
Peabody, J., 304.
Peabody, L. B., 304.
Peabody, S., 310.
Peaslee, C. H., 400.
Peaslee, E. R., 339, 345, 358, 359, 360,
361, 362, 405, 406.
Peck, 365.
Pendexter, E., 329.
Pendexter, M. A., 329.
Pennsylvania, University of, 266, 268,
350.
Perkins, A. C., 404.
Perkins, C., 272, 343, 344, 404, 406.
Perley, L, 186, 337, 401.
Perry, J., 338.
Peters, A., 405, 407.
Phelps, A., 45, 46.
Phelps, E. E., 345, 366.
Philbrick, J. D., 404.
Phillips, J., 71, 81,392.
Philotechnic Society, Formation of,
182.
Physic, 266, 350, 360.
Physicians and Surgeons, College of,
273, 364.
Pickering, J., 267.
Pierce, D., 51.
Pierce, P., 404.
Pike, J., 16, 17, 18.
Pinneo, B., 397. .
Pinneo, J., 31, 34.
Pitkin, T., 52.
Pitkin, W., 52.
Plumer, W., 100, 101.
Pomeroy, B., 8, 12, 20, 30, 50, 51.
Poor, D., 397.
Pope, A., 235.
Pope, J., 235.
Porter, 222.
Porter, A. L., 406.
Porter, E., 132, 396, 405.
Portsmouth, Annals of, 15.
Potter, 222.
Powers, P., 20.
Preble, W. P., 265.
Prentiss, S., 394.
Prescott, B. F., 401.
Preston, J., 228.
Preston, R., 228.
Price, 79.
Prince, 53.
Proctor, J. C., 337.
Pulling, E., 267.
Pulling, M. R., 267.
Pumpshire, J., 12.
Punchard, G., 136, 405.
Putnam, A. B. F., 316.
Putnam, D., 403.
Putnam, I. W., 393.
Putnam, J. N., 316, 317, 318, 319, 320,
321, 322, 323, 324, 326.
Putnam, S., 316.
Pynchon, W., 263.
Quimby, E. T., 337, 375.
Quimby, G. W., 407.
Quimby, J. H., 403.
Quint, A. H., 405.
Rand, A., 405.
Rawden, Lord, 79.
Redfield, I. F., 401, 405.
Redfield, T. P., 401.
Reed, E. C., 400.
Reed Hall, Erection of, 161.
Reed, W., 388, 394.
Rice, J. H., 304.
472
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Richards, C. S., 404.
Richards, J. D. F., 403.
Richardson, D. P., 403.
Richardson, J., 400.
Richardson, W. M., 113.
Ripley, E. W., 401, 407.
Ripley, J., 217.
Ripley, S., 76, 211, 217, 218, 219, 220,
222, 233.
Robarts, J., 39.
Robinson, J., 271.
Roby, J., 345, 366.
Rockwell, A., 336.
Rockwell, R. E., 336.
Roffey, S., 39.
Rogers, J., 18, 22.
Rogers, L., 263.
Rogers, N. P., 405.
Root, E., 400.
Roots, P. P., 397.
Rose, 78.
Rosetter, A., 20.
Rosetter, E., 20.
Ruggles, E. R., 367, 371.
Rush, B., 266, 350, 353, 354.
Rush Medical College, 362.
Ruter, M., 120.
Salter, R., 20.
Sanborn, E. D., 163, 336, 405.
Sanborn, J. S., 401.
Sandys, Sir E., 2, 3.
Sargent, J. E., 401.
Savage, S., 14, 39, 70.
Sawyer, 211.
Sawyer, A. W., 403.
Schuyler, P., 31.
Scott, C. W., 70.
Scott, T., 381.
Scott, W., 407.
Scribner, J. W., 404.
Sedgwick, 365.
Sergeant, J., 4, 5, 11.
Sewall, M., 350.
Shattuck, B., 389.
Shattuck, G. C., 162, 389, 406.
Shattuck, W., 389.
Shaw, 393.
Shaw, L. S., 407.
Shepard, M., 397.
Shepard, T., 6.
Shepherd, F., 403.
Shepley, E., 401.
Shepley, G. F., 401.
Sherburne, H., 22.
Sherburne, J. S., 401, 407.
Sherman, W. T., 186, 189, 407.
Shillaber, B. P., 165.
Shirley, J., 258.
Shropshire, 6.
Shurtleff, A. P., 134.
Shurtleff, H. C., 228.
Shurtleff, R., 89, 90, 112, 133, 135, 140,
162, 213, 225, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232,
233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240,
336.
Shurtleff, W., 228.
Silliman's Journal, 272.
Simmons, G. A., 401.
Sinclair, J. E., 404.
Sketches of the History of Dartmouth
College and Moor's Charity School,
76, 90, 94, 95, 96.
Smalley, 9.
Smalley, J., 52, 73.
Smith, A., 339, 345, 362, 363.
Smith, A. D., 135, 136, 177, 182, 189,
377, 390, 408.
Smith, C. J., 24.
Smith, E., 397.
Smith, E. P., 211.
Smith, Jeremiah, 114.
Smith, Jesse, 406.
Smith, John, 27, 211, 212, 213, '214,
215, 216, 217, 223, 233, 397.
Smith, Joseph, 211.
Smith, L. A., 406.
Smith, M. G., 366.
Smith, N., 339, 340, 341, 342, 344, 345,
346, 347, 348, 349, 350.
Smith, N. R., 348.
Smith, S. A. A., 189.
Smith, W., 40, 41, 42.
Smith, W. R., 366.
Smythe, S. S., 39.
Snell, T., 246.
Social Friends, Formation of Society
of, 85.
Souther, S., 407.
Spaulding, L., 397.
Spear, C., 163, 164.
Spooner, A., 167.
Spooner, J. P., 167.
Spotswood, 78.
Sprague's Annals, 72, 117, 211, 244,
303, 309, 398.
Sprague, P., 401.
Sprague, Z., 222.
Spring, 277.
Stacey, 67.
Standish, M., 8.
Stanley, R. C., 403.
Stanwix Fort, 37.
Stark, J., 76.
St. Clair, 166.
Stearns, F., 363.
Steele, B. H., 401.
Stevens, G., 286.
Stevens, S., 30.
Stevens, T., 398.
Stiles, E., 58, 88.
St. Mary's College, 268.
Stone, 365.
Stone, S., 6.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
473
Storrs, J., 53.
Storrs, S., 53.
Story, D., 397, 404.
Story, J., 195, 264, 265, 385, 386.
Stoughton, E. W., 392.
Stowe, C. E., 10, 243, 283, 336.
Straghn, 78.
Strong, Joanna, 313.
Strong, Jonathan, 313, 397.
Strong, N., 58.
Sturtevant, J. M., 402.
Suhm, C., 99.
Sullivan, 80, 114.
Sullivan, G., 394.
Sumner, C., 385.'
Swift, Dean, 3.
Taggart,6., 401.
Tarbell, 67.
Taylor, S. H., 186, 337, 404.
Taylor, T., 218.
Temple, D., 397.
Tenney, C. J., 397.
Tenney, S., 284.
Thayer, S., 182,376,377, 383,384,407.
Thayer, T., 316, 324.
Thomas, 360.
Thomas, I., 140.
Thompson, C. 0., 404.
Thompson, J., 352.
Thompson, T. W., 105, 106, 107, 394.
Thornton Hall, Erection of, 256.
Thornton, J., 39, 78. 381.
Throop, B., 20.
Thurston, 165.
Ticknor, 9.
Ticknor, E., 338, 404.
Ticknor, G., 402, 405.
Tisdale, 9.
Tisdale, N., 60.
Torrey, J., 249, 253, 402, 405.
Townsend, L. T., 398, 405.
Tracy, C., 403.
Tracy, E. C., 337, 405.
Tracy, J., 405.
Treat, 1.
Trumbull, 9.
Trumbull, B., 9, 73, 337.
Tuck, A., 170, 171, 172, 401.
Twitchell, A., 362, 406.
Tyler, B., 126, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137,
138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 168, 254, 260,
393, 395, 408.
Tyler, E. S., 142.
Tyler, J. E., 133, 135, 136, 406.
Tyler, W. S., 402.
Uncas, I, 13.
Union Theological Seminary, 304.
United Fraternity, Formation of Soci-
ety of, 85.
Upham, J. B., 186, 405.
31
Upham, T. C., 402, 404.
Varney, J. R., 337.
Velpeau, 361.
Vergennes, Count de, .77.
Vermont Medical College, 362.
Vermont, University of, 366, 393, 402.
Vindication by Trustees, 94.
Virginia, Stith's History of, 2.
Virginia, University of, 273.
Vose, J., 117,404.
Wabash College, 403.
Wainwright, 275.
Waldron, E. Q. S., 403.
Waldron, T. W., 22.
Walker, C. A., 406.
Walker, J., 384.
Washburn, P. T., 401.
Washington, G., 77, 122, 354, 392.
Weare, M., 22.
Webber, M., 272.
Webber, S., 272.
Webster, D., 113, 114, 124, 163, 164,
185, 189, 202, 248, 254, 258, 386, 393,
397, 398, 399, 400, 401.
Webster, Ebenezer, 80.
Webster, Ezekiel, 138, 248, 393, 400.
Webster, Josiah, 310.
Webster, J. C., 403.
Webster, J. D., 407.
Wellman, M., 13.
Wentworth, B., 16, 22, 29.
Wentworth Hall, Erection of, 256.
Wentworth, I., 387.
Wentworth, J., 22, 28, 35, 38, 39, 42,
43, 45, 46, 47, 51, 63, 65, 70, 79, 81,
184, 211, 218, 380, 387, 392, 401.
Wentworth, M. H., 27.
Wentworth, P., 78.
Wentworth, T., 387, 388.
West, D., 39.
Western Reserve College, 330, 331.
Weston, N., 189, 401.
West Point Military Academy, 273,
378, 383, 407.
West Point Military Academy, Boyn-
ton's History of, 383.
Wheeler, J., 393, 402.
Wheelock, 222.
Wheelock, A., 220.
Wheelock, E., 6, 8,9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15,
18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
30, 31, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45,
46, 47, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,
58, 59, 60, 61, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71,
72, 73, 74, 75, 83, 115, 116, 209, 212,
217, 219, 220, 224, 395, 408.
i Wheelock, J., 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83,
88, 89, 94, 96, 97, 99, 100, 116, 118,
214, 233, 392, 408.
Wheelock, M., 224.
474
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
Wheelock, Memoirs of, 8, 10, 68, 84,
214, 219, 223.
Wheelock, M. B., 71.
Wheelock, M. S., 79, 99.
Wheelock, Ralph, 6, 7, 35, 337.
Wheelock, Rebecca, 6.
Wheelock, S. D. M., 71.
Wheelock, Vt., 80.
Whitaker, N., 20, 23, 26, 27, 35, 42, 45,
221.
White, C., 403.
White, D. A., 100.
White, J. H., 387.
White, P., 401.
White, S., 20.
White, W., 337.
Whitefield, G., 25, 26, 27, 30, 56, 222.
Whitehouse, B., 392.
Whiting, 36.
Whiting, S., 8.
Wight, J., 20.
Wilberforce, W., 381.
Wilcox, L., 401.
Wilde, S. S., 400.
Wilderness, 407.
Willard, 30.
Willard, C. W., 401.
Willard, J. D., 337, 392.
Willey, S. H., 403.
William and Mary's College, 3.
Williams College, 120, 245, 247, 311,
402.
Williams, E., 4, 8, 12, 40.
Williams, H., 401.
Williams, J., 67.
Williams, S., 60-
Williams, S. W., 345, 366.
Wilson, W., 401.
Windham, 7, 8, 12, 13, 20, 31.
Wines, A., 397.
Winthrop, 263.
Wirt, W., 113.
Wistar, 266, 350.
Wood, A., 405.
Wood, H., 337, 405.
Wood, S., 397.
Woodbridge, T., 35.
Woodbury, B., 397.
Woodbury, L., 398.
Woodhouse, 350.
Woodman, A. H. C., 326.
Woodman, J. S., 316, 326, 327, 328,
329, 371.
Woodman, N., 326.
Woods, A. S., 401.
Woods, L., 135.
Woodward, B., 58, 80, 211, 220, 222,
223, 224, 225, 226.
Woodward, D., 53.
Woodward, H., 220.
Woodward, I., 31, 34, 220.
Woodward, M. S., 220.
Woodward, W. G., 401.
Woodward, W. H., 112, 114.
Woolley, J., 12, 13.
Worcester, E., 337.
Worcester, N., 406.
Worcester, S., 233, 310, 396.
Wright, A. H., 397.
Wright, J., 37, 53, 54.
Wright, N., 53.
Wvllis. 45.
Wyllis, G., 42.
Yale College, 4, 8, 12, 41, 48, 50, 58, 59,
88, 220, 223, 250, 349, 358, 371.
Young, C. A., 337.
Young, C. K, 255.
Young, I., 276, 290, 291, 293, 294, 295,
296, 298, 329, 330.
Young, J. K., 387.
Young, R. B., 290.
Young, S., 290.
ERRATA.
Page 22, for Mishech, read Mesliecli.
" 53, for relation, read relative.
" 60, for Simeon, read Simon.
" 65, for M' Clare, read AFClure.
" 136, for Meadville College, read MeadeUle Theological Seminary.
li 182, for Alphceus, read Alplieus.
" 222, for consideratio, read consideratis.
" 241, for nineteen, read fifteen.
" 303, for Furbur, read Purler.
"349, for Elizabeth, read Elisabeth.
" 420, for Brompton, read Brampton.
" 420, for Calumpton, read Columpton.
" 439, for Bultell, read BuUeel.
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