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 fiiiiiijliiillljiilliiiiiliiiiiiiii. 
 
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 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 THE 
 
 HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 
 
 O F 
 
 H A^ W S T E D, 
 
 In the County of S U F F O L K. 
 
 By the Rev. Sir J O H N C U L L U M, Bart, F. R. and A. SS, 
 
 LONDON, 
 
 PRINTED BY AND FOR J. NICHOLS, 
 
 PRINTER TO THE SOCIETY OF ANTiaUARIESj 
 
 AND SOLD BY ALL THE BOOKSELLERS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELANJJi 
 
 MDCCLXXXIV.
 
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 ADVERTISEMENT., 
 
 THE Gompiler of the following pages cannot lay them before- 
 the Public, without expreffing a wifli, that he could have 
 rendered them lefs imworthy of its notice. His materials, as 
 thofe of an individual muft be, were, though not fcanty, yet 
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 of his defign, which is that of contributing his pittance towards 
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 vi ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
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 following ilffhy can be fufScient to fet this truth in its full light ; 
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 a County Hiftory, conduded on the fame plan, woidd difplay it 
 in all its fplendor. 
 
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 he thought himfelf at liberty to adopt fuch a method as feemed 
 to him moft proper. 
 
 On the oppofite page are corre6led fome typographical errors, 
 which flrould not have appeared, if a nearer relidence to the prefs 
 had given an opportunity of a repeated corre6tion of the proof- 
 flieets. There remain unnoticed fome few feeming inconfiftencies 
 in orthography, which arofe from the Compiler's adopting that of 
 the Books or MSS. which happened to lie before him at the time 
 of tranfcribing. 
 
 Harclwick-Houfe, T f^ 
 
 a6 Jul), 17.4. J« ^»
 
 £ vii 3 
 
 CORRECTIONS. 
 
 P. 3.1. 2. before /5«/i infert, the. P. 4. I. 21. rc&A,f erf oliata, P. 9. 1. 19. after I'lij d. infert, »>. 
 P. 27. 1. II. after 5mA infert, 2. 1. 16. expunge, 2. P. 77. 1. 7. read, 1647. P- 87. 1. 12. 
 expunge, et i a lojci, in note 4. read, fumma. P. 95. 1. 20. for tvju read, eleven. P. lOi. 1. 8. 
 read, hife-eftate. P. 116. note i. read, 17. Note 3. 1. I. for or read, /<;?•. P. iig. at the end 
 of note I, read, 324. P. 134, 1. 20. read, Panels. P. 136. note 2. read, achievement. P. 139. 
 1. 24. after Staff or d'mitxi, and. P. 164. 1.6. after as infert, of. P. 174. 1. 10. read achievements. 
 P. 182. 11. 11, 14. read, ^iligo. V. 184. 1. 4. rezd, £nj7jels. Note 2, 1. 1. read, nnmlers, P. J07. 
 1. 7. read, average. 
 
 Directions to the Binder., 
 
 Plate I. The Church to face page 41. 
 Plate II. Portrait of Mifs Drury, to tace page 146, 
 >J Plate III. Seals, to face page 156. 
 
 Plate IV. The Portable Altar, to face page 142. 
 The Pedigrees of the Cloptons, the Drury s (which confifts of four 
 parts), and the Cullums, are all properly paged.
 
 [ t ] 
 
 H A W S T E D. 
 
 CHAP. 1. 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY. 
 
 HAWS TED, in Domefday book Haldfted ', is diftant from 
 Bury St. Edmund's, in the county of Suffolk, between 3 
 and 4 miles to S.W; and from London about 70 to N.E. It is 
 lituated in the Hundred of Thingo, in the archdeaconry of 
 Sudbury, and diocefe of Norwich ; and furrounded by the vil- 
 lages of Nowton, Great Welnetham, Lawlliall, Whepfted and 
 Horningflieath. The bounds pafs through the north and fouth 
 doors of Nowton church. It frequently happens in crowded 
 towns, and fometimes even in the country, that private houfes 
 are fo fituated as to have fome part at leaft of the perambulat- 
 ing cavalcade, pafs through them : but for a facred building in 
 
 ' In Haldfteda . xxviii . libi homines de . iiii . c tra . 7 Odo tenSc . i . car 
 
 7 duo clerici . Alboldus & petrus . 11 .c . 7 Agenetus .xx.ac sep 11 1 . uiii. 
 
 & XXI .bor . Sep . xiii .c .&. 11 .feru . 7 .xvi .ac pti. Silua de . iii .pore. 
 
 Hi pot dar & uend tr.fSc sac 7 foe 7 com reman Sco.Sep uat nil. 
 
 lib .Ecta dc xxx ac libe tra;. fit in long.viii .qr . 7 . vi . in lat .& inget 
 
 xiii . d. 7 oboL 
 
 Domefday Book, Fol. 358. a. 
 
 B the
 
 a HISTORY AND ANTI QJU I T I E S [Chap. I. 
 
 the country to be tluis circumflanced, is, I believe, very unufual "■, 
 Upon the bounds to S. W.grew Ibme years ago a majeftic tree, 
 called the Go/pel Oak : it ftood on an eminence, and commanded 
 an extenfive profpeift. Under the lliade of this the clergyman 
 and his parifliioners ufetl to flop in their annual perambulations, 
 and, lurveying a contiderable extent of a fruitful and well-cul- 
 tivated country, repeat fome prayers proper for the occalion. 
 Domefday book fays this parifh contains 13 carucates, or 
 about I 300 acres ; and is 8 furlongs long and 6 broad. In both 
 thefe particulars it is much beneath the truth: it contains about 
 2000 acres ; and if we double the length and breadth, we fliall 
 a])proach nearer its real dimenfions. 
 
 The furface of the ground is diverfified with thofe gentle in- 
 equalities fo pleafing to the eye, and in this country io favour- 
 able to agriculture. The foil is a light-coloured ilrong loam, by 
 Nature fertile in paftures and timber; and by cultivation, pro- 
 ducing plentifully every vegetable for the ufe and pleafure of 
 man which the climate will permit. The oak, afli, and maple, 
 are the predominant timber-trees ; and thefe are probably the 
 only original natives. The lime, fycomore, poplar, broad and 
 narrow-leaved elm, beach, walnut-tree, Scotch and fpruce fir, 
 oriental and occidental plane-trees (of which only the poplar, 
 beach, Scotch fir and elms ' are indigenous of Great Britain), 
 thrive as well as if they were the natural produce of the place. 
 The [)lane-trees deferve fome notice, efpecially the firft fort, 
 which is a native of the Levant, was cultivated near ancient 
 Rome with an excefs of fondnefs, and introduced info England 
 
 ' There was a chapel en a bridge in Droltwich, Worccfterlhire, through which 
 the high turnpilce-road pafied, till wiihin a very few years ; and the congregation 
 fitting on one fide of the king's v^ay, heard the preacher from his pulpit on the 
 other. The congregation obtained leave to take the chapel down about 1763, on 
 condition of building another in a better fituation; but thi5, like other public 
 works, was fo badly executed pf biick, that it is almoft ufclefs already. Nafh's 
 W'orC. 1. 329. 
 
 ' It has been doubted whether the narrow-leaved elm be a native of England. 
 Sec Mr. Barrington in Phil. Tranf. i7('9j vol. LIX. art. 5. 
 
 .3 ^y
 
 Chap. I.] OFHAWSTED. 3 
 
 by lord Bacon, who died in 1627, There are three of them en 
 rather a dry fpot a little to fouth of the Place : the largeit is 9 
 feet 10 inches in circumference at 3 feet above the ground ; the 
 others are not much fmaller : all of them at the height of about 
 8 feet divide into branches, which fpread every way near 20 
 feet from the trunk. The original ones at Gorhambury are now 
 no more: thefe are probably not much their juniors, nor ex- 
 ceeded by many in England. One of the latter fort, not far 
 from the others, and alfo on an elevated fpot, has fliot up to the 
 height of about 60 feet, with a ilrait round Item that meafures 
 6| feet in circumference at 3 feet above the ground. It is a brit- 
 tle tree, its branches being frequently Ihattered by the wind. 
 This, fays Mr. Evelyn, who calls it the Well-Indian plane, and 
 who wrote his difcourfe of foreft-trees in 1662, is not altoge- 
 ther fo rare as the other : yet Johnfon, who republiflied Ge- 
 rarde's Herbal in 1636, mentions only the firft fort; of which 
 one or two young ones were then growing with Mr. Tradefcant. 
 Some wild cherry-trees (Prunus Avium) have alfo thriven in a 
 hedge-row near the Place to a confiderable fize : one about 40 
 feet high meafures 5 feet in circumference at 3 feet above the 
 ground. Some apple orchards thrive well; and cyder is fome- 
 times made, but not excellent. But even the bell: liquor of that 
 kind would be very ill reliflied by the common people in this 
 barley-bearing county. 
 
 To thefe more majeftic productions of vegetation is fubjoined 
 a lift of thole of more humble growth. Some of them are me- 
 dicinal; fome rare; and few of them perhaps fo com.mon as to 
 be found in all parts of the kingdom. Whatever they be, they 
 form part of that gay robe with which the earth is inverted : 
 and though we may not be able to difcover all their ufes, at leaft; 
 they are too beautiful and various to be trampled on unheeded. 
 
 Great^ wild Valerian {Valeriana off".) m moift fliady places. 
 Wild Teafel {Dipfacus Fullonum fyh.) "1 • , , 
 Small wild Teafel {Dipfacus pilojui) J "' ^^^^g^s. 
 
 "i 2 Little
 
 HISTORY AND AN T I Q^U I TIES [Chap;i; 
 
 Little Field Madder {Sherardia arv.) in corn. 
 
 Woodroof {Afperula odor tit a) in Ihady places. 
 
 Gromwell {Lithofpermum off.) by the road-fides. 
 
 Moneywort {Lyfimachia nutmnidarid) in molft places. 
 
 Sage-leaved black Mullen {l^erbafcum nigruni) by the road-fides> 
 
 The greater Periwincle (Vinca major') in hedges. 
 
 Deadly Nightfhade {Jiropa Belladonna) in hedges. 
 
 Great Throatwort {Campanula Tracheliiwi) in hedges. 
 
 Autumnal Gentian {Gcnliana Amarella) In paftures. 
 
 Sanicle {San'tcida Kiiropaa) in woods. 
 
 Thorough- wax {Biipleurum roUindi folium) in corn. 
 
 Wild Angelica (^Angelica fylvejlris) in woods. 
 
 Baftard Stone-Parfley {S'ijon Amoinuni) in Iiedges. 
 
 Earth Nut {Bunium Bulbocajlanum) in paflures. 
 
 Water Hemlock (^Phellandrium aquaticum). 
 
 Great Burnet Saxifrage {Pimpinella major) in woods. 
 
 Purging Flax {Lhmm Caiharticmn) in pallures. 
 
 Mouletail (^Myo funis minimus) in paftures. 
 
 Chequered Daffodil, or Fritillary (Fritillaria Aleleagris) in meadov/s.. ' 
 
 Meadow Saffron (ColchJciim aiitumnale) in meadows. 
 
 Yellow Centaury (C/S/or^/)/^//^/^) in paftures. 
 
 White Sengreen (Saxifraga granulata) in paftures. 
 
 Night-flowering Catch-fly {Sdene no5tijlora) in corn. 
 
 Orpine, or Live-long {Sediim Telephium) in paftures. 
 
 Wood Sorrel (Oxalis acetofella). 
 
 Agrimony {Agrimonia E'lpatorium) in hedges. 
 
 Wild l^arklpur {jDAphinium Confol'.dd) in corn. 
 
 Common Columbines {^Ajuilegia vtdg.) in hedges. 
 
 Great Baftard" Hellebore (H ikborus fcetidus) in woods. 
 
 Crefted Cow-wheat (^Mclampyriim crijlatiim) in woods and paftures.- 
 
 Wild Succory (Cichorium Intybus) by the road-fides. 
 
 Dwarf Carline Thiftle (Cardiius acaulos) m paftures. 
 
 Ploughman's Spikenard (Coniza fquarroja) in hedges. 
 
 Panfies, or Heart's-enle (J^iola Tricolor) in corn. 
 
 Green Man-orchis (Opbrys Anthropophora) on dry grafiy banks. 
 
 Bee OrzKis {Ophrys apij'era) in paftures.' i;. - 
 
 Burnet {Foterium Janguiforbd) in paftures. 
 
 Crolwort, or Mugweed {Vahintia criiciatd) in hedges. 
 
 Rough Horfe-tall, or Shave- grafs {Eqiiifetiim byeviale) In woods. 
 
 Adder's Tongue [pphioglojjum vulgatmn) in paftures. 
 
 Hart's I'ongue {^Alpkniiim Scolopcndiwri) in fiiadv hedges. 
 
 White
 
 Chap. I.} a 't}' '^ X \V '%'' T^-^ ^ ' 5 
 
 White Maiden-hair (^Afplenhwi Ruta muraria) on the church, and old 
 
 walls about the Place. 
 Male and female Polypody {Poly podium Mas et Fern.') in (hady hedges. 
 Morel (^Phallus ejculcntus') in Ihad^ places. 
 Crimfon Cup Peziza (^Pezizr^ cocdnea) on half-rotten flicks in fhady 
 
 hedges. 
 
 " BerieatTi the upper coat of black vegetable mould, produced 
 by cultivation, and the flicceffive decay of vegetables, appears the 
 natural foil, a light-coloured loam, which the natives call a 
 clay '. Of this are made threfliing-floots, now not much ufed 
 for wheat; as alfo a- goOd'mortar, or'danbirlg, for the walls of 
 houfes ; fo that if bricks were made here, as they ufed to be'j 
 there would be few fpots that produce -more hiaterais towards 
 building a comfortable cottage for a poor m^n. At about id 
 feet deep the loam becomes'^of a very deep blue dolour, arid fO 
 continiies for about 30 feet, ' beyond which I believe the j^ick-ak 
 has 'not reached; for there are no wells in the higher fpOts of 
 the village. In both thefe llrata are found fmall fnake-ftones 
 ( Helmintholithus Ammonites) , crow-ftones (H,ehninthoUthus Gryphi- 
 UsJ, and imall irregular fragments of chalk almoll as hard as 
 lime-done. Of g^:;av,el,) there is but li;ttie;. and that fine, and 
 greafy, ^ood neither for the road?, nor gardeUiWalks. 
 ~: Some pretty rivulets wind through the meadows ; and fprings 
 rjfe (indifcrimiuatety in.the.highell: and . lowefl grounds, l^he 
 Plac€f that Hands high,,, is fupplied by a fpring that rifes flill 
 higher at.fome diflanc'C: from it : and in a low part of the lane 
 that leaxils from 'the. Green towa/rds Whepiled, is another that rifes 
 to. a; level with the(-ro<ad/: it hacl formerly 13 murgin of fi-ee-flone^ 
 par-C of whith ftill remains inlcribed ; - • ., : 
 
 It is cert.iinly, properly fpeaking, not a clay, being thickly interfperfed with, 
 little nodules of chiilkj and coiifeqitcnch/'eHtrverdrig with acids. '' 
 
 Jacob's
 
 6 HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. I. 
 
 Jacob's well. 
 Empty the fca, 
 And empty me. 
 
 Its boaft is not a vain one ; for it was never exhaufted during 
 the late fucceffion of remarkably dry fummers. Near a farm- 
 houk ^t F/'nford Endj which ftands in a valley, nearly on a le- 
 vel with the lartj when a well was dug in 1780, water was not 
 found till the depth of 36 feet. At iuch very unequal depths 
 are thefe little fubterraneous currents difperfed. 
 
 The Land Rail, ;that fcarce, and delicate bird, is found, here ia 
 autumn. .--r.-,;^ .',-.- 
 
 The air, it fliould feem, is falubrious, there being no marilies 
 nor ftagnating waters to load it with noxious vapours. Nor are 
 the inhabitants fubjedt to any particular maladies. They are re- 
 markably free from coughs : and while the places of worfhip in 
 the metropolis refound with the labouring lungs of the audi- 
 ences, in this church 
 
 No coughing drowns the parfon's faw. 
 
 Why they are free from this diforder, no better reafon can per- 
 haps be given, than that they take no pains to guard againft it. 
 Even in winter, one of the church-doors often ftands open dur- 
 ing the whole fervice, no one thinking it worth while to rife 
 and fliut it. Yet for fome reafon or other this place is not fo fa- 
 vourable to human life as fome others, about i in 47 dying an- 
 nually for thefe laft 14 years. But it is to adults that it feems 
 lefs friendly ; for to infant life it is very propitious. In thefe 
 laft 14 years, 188 children have been chriftened here; dur- 
 ing which time only 33 have died under tw^o years of age, which 
 is about I in 6. The moft prolific year in that period was i775> 
 
 which
 
 Chap. I.] OF H A W S T E D. 7 
 
 which produced 22 children; not one of which died under two 
 years of age. In great cities, I beheve about one third that are 
 born are fwept away under that age. The moft fatal period here 
 feems the firft year. 
 
 CHAP. IL 
 
 THE CHURCH, 
 
 AND RELIGIOUS CUSTOMS AND CEREMONIES. 
 
 THE church is a redlory endowed with the great and fmall 
 tithes, fubje6l only to one modus, which will be men- 
 tioned hereafter. Its annual outgoings are ; 
 
 /. s. d. 
 Tenths (with acquittance 6fi^.) - - 142^ 
 
 Procurations due to the archdeacon of Sudbury at"! „ 
 
 Eafter, - - . ' /o 8 7. 
 
 One fy nodal due to the bifliop of Norwich at the") 
 
 r • / • , • JN ^014 
 
 lame time (with acquittance 4<2.) - \ 
 
 I 14 2 
 
 Procurations due to the bifliop on his vifitation (with"i , 
 
 acquittance /^d.') - - j 5 6^ 
 
 It
 
 S^ H I S T O R Y ANB ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. II. 
 
 , J[|:-\YQulfltbc;T,mg9lJ^|)l?,, gR^ pqrhaps.tecli(|n,is, to give a minute, 
 and .jcputji^^j^ ecdeftafl:ical,,^^fLory.pf; ^. private church. All 
 that is here ^tt^-iiopted, is,- to arrangein chronological order fuch 
 notices en the fubjedt as the author has been able to colledt. 
 
 We learn from Domefday Book (which was compiled betw^een 
 the years 1081 and 1086) that here was a church at that time : 
 a benefit which, from the filence of that record in this particu- 
 lar, it is probable feveral villages did not then enjoy. And that 
 this village enjoyed it, might perhaps be ov^'ing to the neigh- 
 bouring monaftery of St. Edmnnd, which was now grow'n to 
 great power and wealth ; for all thefe religious foundations dif- 
 fufed, as far as their influence reached, every kind of civiliza- 
 tion. Its polieliion in land was then 30 acres, to which, it is 
 remarkable, fcarcely any addition has lince been made. It has 
 been uninterruptedly appendant to the principal manor from the 
 earlieft times of which we have any record to the prefent : for 
 in 1272 the abbot of Bury St. Edmund's, in right of his ward- 
 Ihip of Euftace Fitz-Thomas, the principal lord of the village, 
 let the manor, and advowfon, to William de Clifford, the king's 
 efcheator, during the minority, in which time the church hap- 
 pened to become vacant, and Clifford prefented to it. 
 
 The church, as to its prefent flru6ture, is of no antiquity ; 
 nor are there any documents of its ancient ftate ; the defcription 
 of it therefore fliall be pofbponed to the end of this divifion of 
 the work. 
 
 In 1255, when Walter bifliop of Norwich drew up, by com- 
 mand of the pope, the firll account of the value of all the 
 church preferments in England (called from him the Norwich 
 taxation) Hawfted was thus rated. 
 
 Snaylwell ' xxij mrc. Hauftede — xx mrc '. 
 
 " What Snaylwell means is uncertain ; it occurs regularly dirough the archdea- 
 conries of Sudbury and Suffolk, and fcems to imply a different taxation : it was fol- 
 lowed twice afterwards. Ilarl. MSS. 
 
 In
 
 Chap- II.l O F II AW S T E D. 9 
 
 In 1281 Cecilia, the widow of Willkiin Talmache, who h?.d 
 been of confequence enough to give name to a manor here, died, 
 and left her fi)n WiUiam, and Gilbert de Melton, chaplain', hei* 
 executors ; the latter with a legacy of LiiJ j". iiij d. In thefe early 
 times, and indeed much later, ecclefiaftics had great power over 
 mankind : for, exclufive of that fuperiority, which the lettered 
 will always have over the unlettered, their religious character, as 
 well as the laws in their favour, gave them an opportunity of ac- 
 quiring a ftrong influence over the human mind. They could 
 not, however, be executors of teftaments without the licence of 
 the ordinary; fo that in the prefent ini^ance a permiffion of that 
 fort muft have been procured. The will itfelf of Cecilia is not 
 extant : but Ibme particulars of it, as well as fome religious cuf- 
 toms of the time, may be colledfed from the chaplain's account, 
 who appears to . have been the acting executor, and the tlate of 
 whofe receipts and expences, moft fairly written, is in my pof- 
 feffion. The following items are taken in the order they occur. 
 
 The offerings and dinner of a carter, and two days, on Ealler- 
 day, iiij 6?. that is, an 0^. each for their offerings, and }«'. each 
 for their repaft. The offerings made by matters for their fer- 
 vants frequently occur ; lb that it (liould feem to have been a cuf- 
 torn. Of the daye, who was an inferior fervant, fomething will 
 be faid hereafter. The allowance for a repaft was probalily be- 
 caufe they were not domeftics, and fo did not partake of the fef- 
 tivity of the fealbn at the houfe. 
 
 Wax, that is, wax-candles, bought for the executors and their 
 fervants againft the feaft of the purification of the Lady Mary, 
 \i]d. This feftival was on the 2d of February, and celebrated 
 with abundance of candles, both in churches and procefiions, in 
 memory, as is fuppofed, of our Saviour's being on that day de- 
 clared, by old Simeon, to be " a Light to lighten the Gentiles." On 
 
 ' A chaplain {capcUaniis) was the afliftant, or curate, to the redlor. 
 
 C this
 
 lo HISTORY AND ANTI Q_U I T I E S [Chap. IL 
 
 this day were confecrated all the tapers and candles which were 
 to be ufed in the church during the year. Hence it was alfo 
 called Candle-mas-day ; a name itill familiar to us. 
 
 To the facrift of St. Mary's church at Bury, to pray for the 
 lady's foul, ijd. One mafs celebrated for the foul of the lady, 
 and a ringing for her foul at Hawfted, ujd. The fame at Bury, 
 mjd. The ringing of bells was no inconfiderable part of the 
 ceremony at ancient funerals, and is ftill continued among us. 
 The defign of it was, that the living might be put in mind to 
 pray for the foul of the departed. Old wills abound with lega- 
 cies for thefe ringings. 
 
 A pair of flioes to a prieft for affifting Gilbert the chaplain in 
 celebrating mafs for the lady's foul, ijd. A pair of flioes, as 
 well as of gloves, feems to have been a common prefent of old. 
 In one of archbifliop Mepham's conftitutions in 1328, where 
 mention is made of thofe who obftru61:ed the payment of tithes, 
 it is faid, *' others confume and carry away, or caufe damage ta 
 be done to fuch tithes, unlefs gloves or flioes be firft given or 
 promifed them '." 
 
 Our anceftors, when they ordered religious fervices to be per- 
 formed for their fouls, not only left money, but frequently alfo 
 vidiuals and drink, to the performers. In a will dated 1506 is 
 this : *' Item, I will myn executors, as fone as it may come to 
 ther knowledg that I am dede, that they make a drynkyng for my 
 foule to the value of \]s. viij^/. in the church of Sporle *." In 
 15 26, vj". were left for bread and bale \.q be fpent in the porch 
 (that is, chapel) of St. John, after the Dirige ^ And in 1531, 
 land was tied by will for brewing 6 bufliels of malt^ baking 3 
 bulliels of wbeaty and buying ij s. worth of cheefe, annually on 
 the Monday in Eafter week, for the relief and comfort of the 
 
 * Jolinfon's Eccl. Laws, 1328, 7. 
 ^ Hift. Norf. vol.111, p. 443. 
 ^ Hift. Weftm. and Cumb. vol. I. p. 613., 
 
 pa-»
 
 Ch.^p. 11.] OF H A W S T E D. 1 1 
 
 l)ariflnoners of Gaiblciliani, " tlicre being a dirige," fays the tcf- 
 tator, *' on the Hud Monday, to pray for my foulc '." Thcfc re- 
 pass at funerals, and at other memorials for the dead, were cha- 
 ritably defigned, as is exprelied in the laft extratTt, for the relief 
 and comfort of the poor, who were doubtlefs expected to affiit 
 with their prayers : it is probable, however, that they often 
 ended, as many feftivities do, in a manner very little akin to 
 the piety with which they began. The cuftom, however, will 
 explain the reafon of the various articles of food that occur 
 among the following items, ranged under the title of, '^ Monies 
 paid to divers perfons for divers things bought for the funeral of 
 the lady Cecilia." 
 
 To Henry Belcher, of Bury St. Edmund's, for fifli and herrings, 
 ix/. To Allan Fouks for pikes ' and eels fpih et anguillis) xxvj j-. 
 For cups and diflies, &;c. xiv s. vij d. ob. To Thomas Fitz-Tho- 
 mas, of Heyham, for rabbits, xijj". To Ralph le Smeremonger 
 for meat (came) xxj". To Adam le Seper Cook for poultry (vo- 
 latilibus) iijj. in part. To bailiff Alexander de Walfliam for 
 xvj geefe, iiijj". viij^. To John Stowe for wine, xxxiijj, \]d. 
 To a baker of Bury St. Edmund's for waftle bread to make mor- 
 terels ' (pro gajlellis emptis die fepulturc domine pro morter el/is inde 
 faciendis) iijV. 
 
 The bakers at Bury had 2 quarters and 2 bufliels of wheat de- 
 livered them to make bread for the poor there. 
 
 ' Hid. Norf. vol. 1. p. lS^ 
 
 ' This is an inftance of this fi(h being in England long before the reign of Henry 
 VIII. when it is faid to have been firfl: introduced. The author alfo of Fleta, who 
 wrote in this reign, mentions it ; and bccaufe the pailage is curious, 1 will tran- 
 fcribe it : " Pifcarias fuas quifque difcretus Brefmiis et Perchiis faciet inftaurari ; 
 fed non de lupls aqiiaticis, Tenchiis vel Anguillis, qui effufionem Pifcium nituntur 
 devorare." L. ii. c. 73. 
 
 ^ A niorterel was made of waftel bread (which was one of the better forts) and 
 milk. It was one of the melTes for the poor people of St. Crofs's Hofpital near 
 Wincheftcr. Lowth's Life of Wykeham, p. 68. 
 
 C a To
 
 12 HISTORY AND A N T I Q^U I T I E S [Chap. II. 
 
 To Thomas Battesford for cloth for black coats, xxxj". in part. 
 To Thomas Fuller for white cloth for the poor, xvj-. in part. 
 To John Camp, of Bury St, Edmund's, furrier, for furs for the 
 black coats, viijj. xji^. To John de Northfolck for mending the 
 cloaths of the poor people, iiij s. To Margery Ely for beer ' for 
 the burial, xixi. xjc/. 
 
 The cloathing of the poor was a judicious a£l of charity, as it 
 could not well be abufed. We fliould now, indeed, think that 
 a black coat bellowed on a poor perfon wanted not the addition of 
 fur : fuch however was the fafliion of the time ; and a fump- 
 tuary law of 37 Edw. III. allows handicraft and yeomen to wear 
 no manner of furre nor of bugg, but onely lambe, coney, catte, 
 and foxe. 
 
 If this comfortable provifion was made for the bodies of the 
 l^oor, the following charges fliew that no fmall coft was beftowed 
 on the lady's own perfon. To the chandler (candelario) of Bury 
 St. Edmund's in part, ixj". \]d. To John Sencle of the fame, for 
 wax and divers fpices, iiij/. iiijj-. \]d. To Alexander Wcftlee of 
 the fame, for fine linen and filk, and other neceffaries for attir- 
 ing the lady's body (profmdone etferico et aliis neceJJ arils pro cor- 
 pore domine attiliando') xxxijj. 
 
 The chandler was the perfon who made and applied the cere- 
 cloth. Elizabeth Tudor, fecond dauG;hter of Henrv VII. was 
 cered by the wax- chandler "•. And in a MS. ceremonial of the 
 funeral of queen Mary, daughter of Hen. Vlll. in the College 
 of Arms, we are told that the officers of the chaundry, and the 
 clerks of the fpicery, came and cered the queen with linen cloth, 
 
 It is well known that the art of brewing was formerly exercifcd by women ; as 
 
 it is to this day in Wales. See Mr. Barrington on the more ancient Statutes, p. 54. 
 
 Du Cange has atti/;'um and attili^mentum for the attelage, equipage, or har- 
 
 nois of horfes, and other hearts of draught, and of fliips. The verb does not 
 
 occur. I know not how to tranflate it better. 
 
 ' Dart's Weftm. Abb. vol. II. p. 2?. 
 
 3 wax,
 
 Chap. II.] OF H A W S T E D. 13 
 
 wax, and v/ith a number of fpices very coftly '. Thefe quota- 
 tions fufiiciently illuftrate the meaning and delign of the hiil: 
 three articles. The iilk was probably defigned as an envelope for 
 the corpfe after it was embalmed. 
 
 This embalming, when confidered as performed for a private 
 perfon, is a ftriking inrtance of the colli y extravagance of fu- 
 nerals at this time. The bills relative to it (and one of them 
 not fully paid) am.ount to vj/. vj-. i'ujd. Nov/ this year, which 
 was not a cheap one, tlie higheft price of wheat was iiijj. \n}d. 
 a quarter. Rating it therefore at the average price of iiijj". \}d. 
 this embalming coft as much money as would purchafe about 
 xxviij quarters of wheat, which at this time are worth about Ix/. 
 
 The ftipend to Sir ^ Gilbert de Melton, chaplain, for celebrat- 
 ing maffes for the lady's foul, from Ealler to Michaelmas, xxxiijj". 
 iiijfl'. This Vvould purchafe juft 200 maifes, at ijV. each. A 
 mafs and a ringing was iij<r/. as we have feen before. 
 
 The diitreffes in which Edward Ill.foon involved himfelf by his 
 foreign wars, bring us acquainted witb the value of this recflory 
 at that time. In the parliament which met in March 1340, the 
 prelates, earls, barons, and knights of fliires, granted the king 
 for two years the ninth flieaf, fleece, and lamb. The contribu- 
 tion which this village was to make, is thus recorded in the Rot. 
 None Garbarum, 8cc. taken 14 and 15 Edw. III. at Henhow, near 
 Bury, before the abbot of Leyilon, Nic. de Laile, Roger de 
 Tode, Phil, de Rifby, Thomas de Afshe, John Deneyt, and 
 others, jurors. 
 
 ' Arch^eolog. vol. III. p, 40f. 
 
 "" This is the only time he has the honourable d}llin6^ibn of Sir prefixed to his 
 name. It was a title of refpeft given formerly to fevcral perfons befides knights : 
 as Sire Gierke, Sir Monk, Sire Alan of Laws, &c. in Chaucer ; and lb frequently 
 bei^^owed on priefls, that it has crept even into ads of parliament. Tyrwhitt's 
 Gloffary to Chaucer. 
 
 They
 
 14 HIS l O R Y AND A N T I QJJ I T [ E S [Ch;ip. II. 
 
 They fa}' tiKit tile church of Hauftede is worth xiiij/. x'lijs. 
 i'njd. They lay that the value cannot be extended this year : and 
 they Tay that the ninth part of the flieaves, fleeces, and lambs, 
 is worth this year cxiijj". iujd. and no more, becaufe the redor 
 of the church holds divers poffeflions (tenementa)^ confirting of 
 lands, meadows, paftures, rents, with the tithe of hay, and 
 other fmali tithes, the great tithes and offerings, which are 
 worth yearly ix/. as is reprefented by fix men of the faid vil- 
 lage, on their oaths, viz. Robert Aldred, Nich. de Areford, Adam 
 de Wrighet, Walt. Coo, Hugh Raifon, and John Lambard. 
 
 In 1358, the cuftomary tenents paid their lord at Chrillmas 
 a fmall rent, called offering-filver. Eleven of them paid in 
 all xviij^/. 
 
 In 3386, the Chriftmas-ofFerings, made by the mafler for his 
 donietiics, were much increafed : for then they were xiiij ^. for 
 7 fervants. And the candles bought for them againft the purifi- 
 cation of the Lady Mary coft v d. 
 
 In 1387-9-90, the fame fum was paid, and called clothing- 
 Jilver. I know not the defign of this payment. 
 
 In a deed of 1399, mention is made of a crofs in Pinford 
 Street. 
 
 In 1448, one of the outgoings of the manor was, pro Ro^ne- 
 fcot, ij s. 
 
 From the middle of this century are preferved feveral wills ' 
 made by the inhabitants of this village, and which exhibit to us 
 feveral religious cuftoms and modes of thinking that prevailed in 
 former times. From their general tendency, they were evident- 
 ly the manufa6lure of ecclefiaflics ; the duties of whofe office 
 called them to the bed-fide of the fick, who frequently (as is 
 
 ' They are lodged in the regiftrar of the archdeaconry of Sudbury's office at 
 Bury: and I am happy in this opportunity of acknowledging the liberality of Mr. 
 llliam Dalton, the prelent regiftrar, in permitting me to make fuch extracts from 
 them as I thought proper — without a fee. 
 
 ufual
 
 Chap. II.] O F H A W S T E D. 15 
 
 iifual at all times) deferred executing this folemn acft to that fea- 
 ibn, when the mind, intent upon futurity, was little anxious 
 about the difpofition of temporal riches, except as the means of 
 purchafing that happinefs, which it was thought they could pro- 
 cure in another ftate. Even if the lick man had willied to de- 
 cline the interference of a religious, he could fcarcely have done 
 it; for his phyjlcian was ordered by an ecclefiaftical law, firft 
 effecftually to perfuade him to call for the phylicians of the foul, 
 that when his patient had taken fpiritual cure, he might with 
 better effedt proceed to bodily medicines : and laymen were of- 
 ten to be dilfuaded from making their wills without the prefence 
 of a parifli priefb, as they defired their wills to be fulfilled '. 
 Nay, it fliould feem as if the religious expected a third (or fome 
 other part, according to circumilanccs) of the moveables of 
 thofe that died intertate, and which they ought to have be- 
 queathed for pious purpo-fes % 
 
 Margery Muryell of Handed, widow, made her will Dec. i 2, 
 1451 ; and her lirit bequell was iijj'. iu}d. to the high altar of 
 the parifli church there for tithes forgotten. She then bequeath- 
 ed xiijj". iiij<3'. to the fabric of the church; x\s. to be fpent on 
 her burial day, in vi<5luals and drink for the poor and her neigh- 
 bours ; V marcs to be reierved for celebrating her obfequies, the 
 day of her death, for xx years, being iijj-. i'njd. for each anni- 
 verfary, to be expended in works of charity for the health of 
 her foul, and of thofe of her parents and benefatflors deceafed ; 
 vjj-. \njcL towards the repairs of the common Vv'ay ' at Herdwick;. 
 and iijj. iiij^. towards thofe of the king's common way in Hauf- 
 ted, oppofite the tenement of Robert Pyper. To her god- 
 daughter (JiUeJpirituali) Margery Fuller, vjj. viijr/. all her beds 
 
 ' Johnfon's Ecclef. Laws, 1229 — 1236. 
 * Id. 1261. 15. — 1268. 23. 
 
 ^ Such legacies were very common in former times before any efFcdual laws were 
 made for the repairs of the high-ways. 
 
 aacl
 
 1 5 HISTORY AND A N T I (^U I T I E S [Chap. U. 
 
 and cloaths,. antl fuch a girdle as fiie (Ilould choofe. To another 
 god-daughter, a llieep. After bequeathing 3 more llieep ai\d 
 XI] d. each to 3 perfons, and half a marc to a poor woman ; llie 
 ajipoints two executors, with a legacy of half a marc to-each for 
 their trouble; and directs them, that with the confent and ad- 
 vice of John Clopton, efq. they difpofe of all the refidue of her 
 goods and chattels in charitable works, for the welfare of her 
 foul, and of thofe for whom flie was bound to pray. 
 
 In 1452 AHce, the widow of John Bokenham, late of Hauf- 
 tcde, gentylman, bequeathed iij s, iiij d. to the high altar of the 
 church there. Alfo v marcs to a proper chaplain to fay maffes 
 in the faid church a whole year for her foul, and for that of her 
 hufband ; and for the fouls of thofe for whom flie was bound to 
 pray. To Richard Borle, gentylman, a black coat ; the fame to 
 his wife. To John Makeroo, a black coat, and one of kendal. 
 To Ifabel Stanton, her ferving-maid, a black coat, one of a 
 green colour, and two veils — flammeola. The relidue of all 
 her goods flie left to be difpofed of by her executors, as they 
 fliould tliink proper, for the welfare of her foul, of her huf- 
 band's, and of thofe of all her benefadors. Proved at Forn- 
 ham St. Martin ', Odl. 2, 1452. 
 
 In 1480 John Meryell, junior, of Haufted, bequeathed his 
 foul to God Almighty, and to our Lady Saint Mary, and to all 
 the holy company in heaven, and his body to be buried in the 
 holy fepulchre, that is in the cherch yerd of Haulfed. He left to 
 the high altar there xij d. for tithes forgotten : and to the friars 
 of Babwell to pray for his foul a trental of maffes % xj". This 
 is in Engiilh. 
 
 Babwell 
 
 • A village two miles from Bury. The wills of this neighbourhood were gene- 
 rally proved in that church, as the abbot of Bury would not fuffer the archdeacon 
 of Sudbury, or his deputies, to exercife any aft of authority within the town. 
 
 * A trental of maffes was, as its name implies, thirty malles, perfor;ncd either
 
 Chap II.] OF H A W S T E D. i? 
 
 Bab-well was about oPiC mile out of the north gate of Bury. 
 Some ruins of it ftill remain ; and a houfe built within its pre- 
 cindls retains the name of the Friary. Thefe friars were firfl 
 fettled near the abbey, but difplaced by the monks, who every 
 where held them in abhorrence. They \vere, however, great 
 favourites with the people in general ; for in turning over a 
 multitude of wills, 1 obferve they had frequent legacies left -them. 
 And in one of the accounts of the bailiff of this manor, in the 
 time of Pilchard II. there is the payment of a carter for fetching 
 tiles for them from Sudbury, which was i 8 miles from their houfe. 
 They alfifted the fick (fays Sir William Dugdale') in making their 
 teftaments ; which accounts for their appearing fo often in them. 
 
 Robert Parker of Hawfled, in 1492, bequeathed his foul to 
 Almighty God, &c. and his body to be buried in the holy fepul- 
 ture ; and to the high auter in the cherche, in recompence of his 
 dewes too little paid, and for the helthe of his foul, ij s. vj d. To 
 Margaret his wife all his hoftiliaments ', utenfelys, and jowellys % 
 to his houfe pertaining. 
 
 His fon Henry Parker foon afterwards ordered a prieft to fing 
 for his foul a year after his deceafe : a quarter in each of the 
 two years next following, and half a year in the third. 
 
 In 1493, Roger Drury of Hawfted, Efq. being in hole mende, 
 and belevyng as God and the church wuld he fliuld, made his 
 teftament. Such a profeffion of orthodoxy was not very com- 
 mon : but fomc of the enemies of Lollardifm might think it 
 necellary, or decent, to profefs in their wills the fteadinefs of their 
 faith, efpecially in this reign, which was particularly unfriend- 
 one a day for 30 daj's together, immediately after the burial; or all too-ether on 
 the 30th day. When the teftator was lb poor that he could not afford a whole 
 trental, he fometimes ordered halt" a one. Thirty feems to have been a favourite 
 number in thefe poUhiimous ceremonies. The thirtieth day, or month's mind, 
 ircquently occurs in antient wills. 
 
 ' V^'arwickfliire, p. 11:;. 
 ■ ^ l-hftili/iments, mean Stuff of HohfeholJ, as it is exprefTed in the wills of Sir 
 Roger and Sir William Drury, that will be recited hereafter. 
 
 ' jQca'ua ; any valuable furniture, or utenfils. 
 
 D ly
 
 i8 History and antiq^uities [chap. ii. 
 
 ly to the do.(5trines of Wickliff. He left c marcs to maintain a 
 fcholar of divinity at Cambridge for x years, who was to preach 
 once a year at Bury, and once at Hawfted. But if he decUned 
 preaching, he was to have but vij marcs yearly. He had a well- 
 furnilhed chapel in his houfe, as will farther appear by his will, 
 which vvdll be given at length. 
 
 In 1503 Johanne Cowper, late wife of William Cowper of 
 Hawited, among other legacies bequeathed to her fon John one 
 " acre of land errabyll, lying at Wynefmere Hill, under the 
 " condycion that he fynde a lampe before the roode in the 
 *' cherche of Hawfted, with the rent thereof as long as he leve. 
 *' — and yff" it may be re ... . red, then I wyll that the forefeyd 
 " John Cowper fynde it, or ellys it to be fonde as long as the 
 " worlde ftonde." 
 
 Wifer people than Johanne Cowper could not, at that time, 
 forefee for how few years their pious legacies would be applied to 
 the purpofes for which they were left. This piece, 25 Henry VIII. 
 was in her fon Thomas, who then enfeoffed Robert Drury, Efq. 
 and feveral others in it, without declaring the ufes to which it was 
 to be applied. It was then called La?np-Iond, a name it retains to 
 this day, and belongs to the parifli. The rood before which this 
 lamp was to hang, was the reprefentation of our Saviour on the 
 Crols, with the Virgin Mary on one fide, and St. John on the other, 
 placed on the top of that wooden fcreen of Gothic work which ftill 
 divides the church and the chancel. This fcreen, from the nfe 
 above-mentioned, was often called the Rood-loft ; and from its 
 being latticed, or cancellated, gave name to the chancel. 
 
 The revenues left for the fupport of lamps and candles muft 
 have been of confiderable profit to the church. Not only the 
 images of faints had lights burning before them, but the graves 
 of thofe who could afford it were befet with them, either occa^ 
 fionally, or conftantly. The dirty vapours ifluing from thefe 
 lights begrimed the very objeds they were defigned to embellifli ; 
 — fceda yiii^ro fwiulacbra fumo. Whoever has been in Roman 
 3 Catholic
 
 Chap. II.J O F H A W S T E D. jj 
 
 Catholic countries muft have obferved this effe(5V, particularly in 
 the fmall chapels : nor are the fumes produced by the flames of 
 fo many un<5tuous bodies either agreeable or wholefome : though 
 . this is a little remedied by the incenfe-pots that are toffed about, 
 during fome parts of divine fervice. 
 
 In 1506 William Wyffin the older willed, that an honeft 
 preft fliould fynge for his fowle, and all his good f rends fowles 
 in the chirche of Halftede, be an hole yere, takyng for hys fty- 
 pend as his executors and he lliould agree. Item, he beqwethed 
 to the fryers of Babwell to pray for his fowle, iij s. iiij d. 
 
 William Clark of Havvfted in 15 12. — Item, I will that they 
 doo for me and my friends xxj. at my buriall dale and yeerdaie. 
 
 Robert Legat, who died in 1526, is the only teftator who 
 l^equeathed nothing to pious vifes, though he left his two daugh- 
 ters XX J", each. And this is the more remarkable, as the Refor- 
 mation was but now beginning to dawn. Soon after, indeed, 
 religion was fo unfettled, that teftators w^ere often afraid of leav- 
 ing any pious legacy ; and when they did, the more cautious 
 ones frequently fubjoined the condition, " if the laws would let 
 *' it ftand good." 
 
 In 1528, Robert Wefyn of Halfted. — The refidue of my 
 goods not wylled, I wyll that my wyfFe have them to bryng me 
 honeftly to the erthe, and in dedes of charite. 
 
 The fame year William Wyffin. — Item, I will that the xxvj j-. 
 viij^. that my fone Robert ows unto me, I wyll that a preft fliall 
 have it for to fynge a quarter for me and hym in the chyrche of 
 Halfted. 
 
 ^1^ 1533 Alen Legett, who feems to have had confiderable 
 property here, among other things a houfe called More//es, left 
 iijj-. injd. to the high altar, and legacies to his children ; and if 
 they fbould die without lawful ilTue, " than I woU that yt be 
 " towlde (tolled, or rung) and don for me and my wifFe, and all 
 
 D 2 " Chriften
 
 20 HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. IT. 
 
 *' Chriften fowles in dedys of charyte, and to the fcherche, and 
 " of heyweys, and to pore peple." He bequeaths alfo to the re- 
 paration of. the church xIj". " and the feyd Alen Legett hath ge- 
 
 vine up all .... and tytyl in the Churche-honjfe of Haw- 
 
 ftede, otherwifle callid the Gylde Hali^ in the hands of John 
 Macrowe and Thomas WylTme, to the ufe of the towne." Wil- 
 ham Eglyn, the parfon, was one of the witneiTes ; the canon 
 law requiring, that the parifh prieft, or the proper curate, if it 
 conveniently might be, fliould be one of the witneffes to a 
 will. 
 
 The church-honje (as it is ftill called) or Guild-hall, is clofe to 
 the church-yard, and continues the property of the parifh, being 
 within a few years converted to a work-houfe. 
 
 A guild-hall (a name ftill familiar to us) was a room where a 
 fociety, or brotherhood, met. Thefe focieties were formed for 
 the advancement of charity, religion, or trade, and called gilds, 
 or guilds, from a Saxon woi'd, fignifying money, becaufe every 
 member contributed fome money towards the fupport of the bro- 
 therhood to which he belonged. 
 
 The little Parochial Guilds were fometimes fo poor, that they 
 could not afford to have a room of their own, but met at the 
 members' houfes. In general, however, they were in a better 
 condition, and poffefTed or hired a houfe near the church, which 
 was called the Guild-hall, or Church-houfe. This fituation was 
 convenient for them, as their bufinefs was to pray as well as eat. 
 They confifted of an alderman, brethren and fifters : the parfon 
 of the parifli, and the principal perfons of the neighbourhood, 
 were generally members. They had lands, received legacies, 
 Zlz : they frequently met ; but their grand afTembly was on the 
 day of their patron faint, when they went to church, and offered 
 -up their prayers at his altar for all the members of the fociety, 
 both living and dead. From this faint they took their diftindtion, 
 
 as
 
 Chap. II.] O F H A W S T E D. 21 
 
 as St. Thomas's guild, St. John's guild, Szc. They beftowed an- 
 nual falaiies upon the poor, received travelling ftrangers, and did 
 other ads of charity, as far as their revenues allowed. Their 
 meetings were crowned by a dinner, and ended frequently in a 
 manner not very confiftent with their beginning. 
 
 Of thefe guilds Mr. Blomefield in particular,, in his Hiivory of 
 Norfolk, has preferved many records, which fliew the dellgn of 
 their inftitution, and exhibit a lively picture of ancient manners. 
 Of that in queftion I find no memorial, except on a perilhing 
 fragment of paper in the church cheft, dated 15 Apr. 1637. 
 
 Certayne goods in the Gilde Hale. 
 
 Imprimis, 6 plaunkes for 3 tables, with treffels that they 
 
 ly on, and 2 formes. 
 Item, 2 large fpits, 
 
 Thefe were doubtlefs the wreck of the former furniture, and 
 were ufed, as tradition reports, befides at the meetings of the 
 brotherhood, at the celebration of the nuptials of the poor peo- 
 ple, who fometimes here held their wedding feaft, which was 
 occafionally honoured by the prelence of the principal perfons 
 of the village, who, from a gallery at the end of the large 
 room, took a view of the ruftic merriment on the unpaved floor 
 below. 
 
 From thefe ancient guilds are derived our modern clubs, which, 
 in fome of the diftant parts of the kingdom, where manners are 
 flow in changing, rtill retain very ftrong marks of their origin. 
 Of this I have a curious inrtance now before me in the " Rules 
 " and orders agreed on by the Good-Intent Society, meeting at the 
 " houfe of Richard Treeve, inn-keeper, in Sennen ' Church 
 
 ' Sennen is that extremity of Cornwall, which is commonly called the Land's 
 End. 
 
 " Town,
 
 a>. HISTORY AlwD A N T I QJJ I T I E S [Chap. II. 
 
 *' Town, ill the county of Cornwall, begun the ad day of May 
 *' 1778." From a copy of thefe, with which the landlord him- 
 felf prefented me in 1779, I fliail fele6t a few particulars, which 
 have fuch an air of ancient piety and rude limplicity, that they 
 might well pais for the ordinances of a guild 3 or 4 centu- 
 ries ago. 
 
 The grand objec5l of the fociety is by a monthly contribution 
 of I J-, by every member, to provide for fuch of the body as fhall 
 be fick or infirm. 
 
 *' If any member fhall be affli6ted with the venereal difeafe or 
 " itch, or fliall receive any hurt by attending /muggier s^ officers^ 
 " bailiff's J or through drunkennefSy quarrelling^ or any other thing 
 *' of his own feeking, he fliall receive no benefit for fuch mis- 
 " fortune from the club. 
 
 " Every member is to attend \.\iQ funeral (the expence of which 
 " is not to exceed 3 pounds) of a deceafed member; and is to 
 " meet an hour before the time appointed for the funeral, to at- 
 *' tend the corpfe to church and interment^ then return to the club- 
 ** room^ andfpend two-pence each member, then depart the room 
 *' on forfeiture of three-pence. 
 
 " No bailiff, bailiff's follower, foldier, major's ferjeant, or ap- 
 *' paritor of the fpiritual court, fliall be admitted a member. 
 
 " If any member appear in the club-room difguijed in liquor 
 ** he fliall forfeit fix-pence. 
 
 ** If on any extraordinary occafion the flewards fliall fummon 
 " all the fociety together, each member fliiall then, and at all 
 *' other times, expend for his club two-pence. 
 
 "If SLTij Ui&xnhf^Y JJjall profanely curfe or /wear ^ he fliall for- 
 " feit fix-pence for each offence therein. If any member fliall 
 " brazvl,, fing fongs, or refufe to keep filence at the fteward's 
 " command, he fliall forfeit four- pence. If any member fliall 
 ^^ give fcurrilous and abujive language to any other member, he 
 
 " fliall
 
 Chap. II.] OF H A W S T E D. 2.3 
 
 *' ihall forfeit fix-pence. If any member fhall Jlrike another 
 " member in the club-room in club hours, he Hiall forfeit five 
 *' fhillings, or be excluded. If any member fliall be giiitiy of 
 " theft, he Iliall be immediately excluded : or if any member 
 '' fliall live a fcandalom and bafe manner of life, he ihall be 
 ** excluded. 
 
 " The fociety fliall have an annual feaft on 25 Jvme (except 
 " it happens on a Sunday, and then on the day following) at the 
 " houfe of the faid John Treeve, where every member fliall 
 *' meet at 9 o'clock in the forenoon, and then proceed in an or- 
 " derly manner to the parijh church of Sennen to hear a fermon, 
 *' preached by the minifter, who fliall be allowed half a guinea 
 *' for the fame ; then return in the fame manner to the club- 
 ** houfe, where a dinner is to be provided at one fliilling a head : 
 " the expence of the whole day, including dinner, is not to ex- 
 " ceed one fliilling and fix-pence. 
 
 " No woman to be admitted a member of the fociety, nor fJoall 
 " come into the room in club-hours, the miftrefs or the maid of 
 " the houfe excepted, or to pay for an abfent member, and to 
 ** depart in a quarter of an hour : and // they abufe any member, 
 " the perfon who was the caufe of their coming fliall forfeit 
 *' three-penoi." 
 
 It would be curious ta contraft with the above fome extrads 
 from the code of laws, by which fome of the clubs in the neigh- 
 bourhood of St. James's are regulated. 
 
 In 1536, Henry VIII. caufed a valuation of all ecclefiaf"ical 
 preferments in England to be made. This re£lory was then rated 
 at xj/. xvjj. x^. ob. its prefent valuation in the king's books. 
 About the fame time a compofition probably took place between 
 the patron and the reiStor for the tithes of the park, which was 
 enclofed in this reign. In the reign of Elizabeth, the payment 
 was a buck and doe, in lieu of tithes for the dcmefne lands. Af- 
 4 terwards
 
 24 HISTORY AND A N T I Q_U I T I E S [Chap. II. 
 
 terwards vij/. a year, under the name of a modus. Since the 
 park has been converted into a farm, fo much of it has been 
 broken up, that vij/. a year becomes nearly an adequate compo- 
 fition for the tithes of the remaining paftures, for which only, 
 and not for the demefne lands in general, the modus has, for 
 this lait century, been underltood to be paid. To anfwer a pri- 
 vate purpofe, the mention of this modus was omitted in the ter- 
 rier made about 60 years ago, and preferved in the church cheft. 
 It was however acknowledged by my predecelTor ; and will, I 
 trull, be never thought an object worth difputing. 
 
 Alice Seniar, widow, of the town of Hawfted, in 1552? be- 
 queathed to her fifter Anas, x\s. of lawful money of England, 
 and her beft gown and beft kirtle '. To Cecily, the faid lifter's 
 daughter, a red petticoat. To Hawfted church, to the building 
 of the roof, xs. To eleven poor houfeholders in Hawfted, which 
 fhe named to the re6tor thereof, xis. To John Baker's daugh- 
 ter, god-child to her hufband, xij d. Alfo to Sir WilUam Sebot-. 
 foriy parfon of Hawfted, her curat, -yi^d. WitnelTes, William Se- 
 botibn, and John Macrow, of Hawfted. 
 
 Proved in the church of Fornham St. Martin before Thomas 
 Symonds, clerk, commiflary and official within the archdeaconry 
 of Sudbury, 17 06t. 1552. 
 
 Rofe Sparke, of the townlhip of Haulfted, widow, in 1553 
 dire6ted her executors to beifow at her xxx"" day ^ xxj-. with mafs 
 and dirige : and that poor people lliould have other xxj. among 
 them fliortly after her xxx'" day. She bequeathed to Rofe 
 Sparke, her fon Rauf's daughter, a bullock, a brafs pot, and 
 
 ' The kirtle was the garment under the mantle. The latter was a loofe cloak 
 faflcned at the neck or breart. Even our betl lexicographer has called them both 
 upper garments. The difference is well afcertained by Sandford, in his Geneal. 
 Hiit. p. 322. 
 
 ' Called, month's day, in the will of Margaret ccuntefs of Richmond. Elfe- 
 where, month's mind. 
 
 her
 
 Chap. II.] O K H A VV S T E D. «5 
 
 her fecond gown. To Roger Cowper, her godfon, ijj\ To Ro- 
 bert Sparke, her fon, her beft feather-bed, with all thereto be- 
 longing. To young John Sparke, her grandfon, her fecond belt 
 feather-bed, with all thereto belonging. To Audrey, Agnes, and 
 Robert Sparke, her grand-children, a cow amongft them. To 
 her fon John her buffed floor. To Rauf her fon's wife, her 
 beft kirtle. To her lifter Anne, her round gown. To John 
 Sparke's wife, her beft hook % To a grand-daughter, her fecond 
 hook. She made her fon Robert executor, and Thomas Cowper 
 to be to hym a guide and a helper, and to fee her will fulfilled. 
 Witnefs, William Sebotfon, her curate, Rauf Sparke, Edmund 
 Randall. 
 
 Gyles WyfRn of Hawfted, hufbandman, being of whole 
 mynde and perfect remembrance, for which he thanked Almigh- 
 ty God, made his laft will in 1554, and directed the charges of 
 his funeral to be done honeftly by thediredtion of his executors. 
 He bequeathed to the high altar, for his tithes forgotten and neg- 
 ligently paid, iijj. iiij^y. After leaving his principal property to 
 his wife and children, he adds : Item, I give to Alice Stuarde, 
 my god-daughter, to the preferment of her marriage, \]s. v\\}d. 
 And to Elen Stuarde, her fifter, a yearling calfe for a remem- 
 brance. The refidue of my goods, cattels, with all my ftuff of 
 houfeholde and utenfells, I give wholly to Elyn my wife, to 
 bring me honeftly to the yerthe, and paying my deils. And I 
 will alfo, and charge my faid wife, that fl^e kepe, or caufe to be 
 kept, a yearly obyt for my fowle, by the fpace of three years 
 next after my deceafe, expending yearly for the fame vj. And 
 
 ' A buffed flool is an oval wooden ftool without a back. A hole is generally 
 cut in the feat for the convenience of taking it up. Common in country- houfes. 
 Ufed alfo to fet a child's coffin upon in church, 
 
 ^ The hook, worn at the bottom of the ftays, is dill in ufe, to regulate the fit- 
 ting of the apron. 
 
 E I make
 
 26 HISTORY AND ANTiaUITIES [Chap. ir» 
 
 I make and ordayne executors the fame Elyn my wife, and Mar- 
 ten Gyllye; and Edmund my foa to be fupravifor ; and I give to 
 every of them for their labour and paynes iijj. iiij^. Thefe be- 
 ing wytnefs, Sir William Eglyn, clerke, William Adams, Henry 
 Wyxe, Thomas Rutlecke, and Edmund Matyward, with other^ 
 And in further wytnefs hereunto I have put my feale. 
 
 Thomas Green of Hawfted, hufbandman, in April 1555, be- 
 queathed his foul to Almighty God, and all the company in hea- 
 ven, without one religious legacy. 
 
 John Macrow, of the townlhip of Hawfted, hufbandman, in 
 Auguft 1557, bequeathed his foul to Ahnighty God, and to his 
 bleffed Mother, our Lady Saint Mary, and to all the company in 
 heaven. He gave to the high altar, for his tithes and oblations 
 forgotten, x'ljd. He had property at Hawfted, Great Welnetham 
 and Bury ; at which latter he gave his houfe and yard to Robert 
 his fon. His wife's name was Alice, to whom, among other 
 things, he gave one of his beft pots, the bed he lay on at that 
 linie, and a chyft with all that was in it, except a payre of beades 
 that was his firft wife's, and which he gave to Anne, his daugh- 
 ter. He has no particular religious bequeft, faying only at laft, 
 " the rcfidew of my goods not gyven or bequethed, I put them 
 " to the difpolicion of mine executors." William Sebotfon, par- 
 fon of Hawfted, was one of the witneiTes. 
 
 A pair of beads mentioned above was a fet of ftrung beads^ 
 which our anceftors ufed as a mechanical help to afcertain the 
 number of their prayers. They had their name from a Saxoa 
 word, which fignifies to pray. Sometimes they were called a 
 pair of Pater-nofters. A pair, or fet, confifted of various num- 
 bers of pieces from 30 to 70, and perhaps more; befides that, 
 every tenth was fucceeded by one larger and more embelliQied 
 than the reft ; thefe larger ones were called gaudes. So Eleanor, 
 
 duchefs
 
 Chap. IL] OFHAWSTED. t^ 
 
 duchefs of Gloncefler, who died in 1399, bequeathed a pair of 
 Pater-nofters of 50 pieces of coral, with 5 gaudes of gold ' ; an- 
 other pair of 30 pieces, with 4- gaudes of jet; a gaude begin- 
 ning and finifhing the fet. So Chaucer, 
 
 Of fmall coral about her arm fhe bare 
 A pair of bedis, gaudld all with green. 
 
 They were alfo frequently worn dependant from the girdle, as 
 may be feen in fome old portraits, and in monumental fculptures; 
 of the latter I have fac-limiles, which dillindlly fhew the gaudes. 
 Even the girdle itfelf, when ftudded, feems anciently to have 
 ferved for a pair of beads ; as 1 have been informed fome fin- 
 ger-rings have done when fet round with ftones. The gaudes 
 were for Pater-nofters, the common beads for Ave Maries. 
 
 Thefe devotional trinkets were often bleffed by the pope, and 
 as fuch were forbidden to be brought into the realm, 1 3 Eliza- 
 beth \ Some of them are ftill preferved in the cabinets of the 
 curious : they are of various materials and workmanfliip ; fome 
 are extremely valuable ; particularly a fet belonging to the 
 duchefs dowager of Portland, who poffeffes an immenfe collection 
 of curiofities both natural and artificial, with an intelligence ex- 
 celled by none. It conlifts of 3 2 pieces, which are plum-ftones 
 about half an inch long, on which are exquilitely carved the 
 heads of Roman emperors, heathen deities, &c. from antiques. 
 The loweft reprefents the buft of a pope, on whofe cope are the 
 figures of St. Peter and St. Paul, executed with fuch minutenefs 
 and delicacy as to require and well bear a glafs. This pope is 
 fuppofed to be Clement VII. to whom thefe beads are faid to 
 have belonged, and which are judged to have been the work of 
 Benvenuto Cellini. 
 
 ' Royal Wills, p. 180, 182. 
 
 * John fon's Ecclel". Laws, 816, 10. 
 
 E a Sir
 
 28 HISTORY AND A N T I Q^U I T I E S [Chap. II. 
 
 Sir William Drury, in Dec. 1557, bequeathed his foul to Al- 
 mighty God, our Lady Saint Mary, and to all the holy compa- 
 ny of heaven ; and his body to be buried in the church of 
 Hawfted, after and according to his degree, by the diredlion of 
 his executors. 
 
 It is needlefs to give any more extracfts from wills, as thofe- 
 already adduced fufficiently delineate the manners of the times, 
 as far as they can be collecSled from thefe documents : and as the 
 reformation of religion, which was foon to be confirmed, oblitcr 
 rated their leading chara6ler, and threw them much into that 
 call in which they at prefent appear. 
 
 In perufing the above wills, the circumftance that muft firfl: 
 ftrike, is the abundant piety that pervades almoft every one of 
 them. They generally begin with a legacy to the high altar, 
 and conclude with leaving the refidue to be difpofed of in works 
 of chanty, according to the difcretion of the executors. With 
 regard to the kind offices that were to be performed for the fouls 
 of the deceafed, the teftators feem to have fliewn as great a var- 
 riety of fancy, as they could have done in their drefs, or the fur- 
 niture of their houfcs ; fcarcely any two agreeing in the fame 
 mode of thefe religious fervices. That they flioukl be extreme- 
 ly felicitous about, their performance cannot be. wondered at, when 
 we confider of how great value they were taught to believe them. 
 The falvation of the foul was thought to depend upon them. 
 And even if fome of better uuderftanding had harboured feme 
 doubts about their efficacy ; ftill the expedation of being barely 
 remembered after death, is fo loothing and flattering to the hur 
 man mind, that we cannot be furprized at the care and expence 
 bellowed upon thefe pofthumous attentions. We lliould there- 
 fore be referved in our cenfures on this cultom of our ancellors : 
 if we cannot but pity their too eafy faith in believing that the 
 prayers of the living could benefit the fouls of the dead, ftill 
 
 however
 
 Chap. II.] OFHAWSTED. 49 
 
 however we muft allow that they gratified one of the fondeft 
 Miihes of the heart of man, that of furviving, as long as we 
 can, in the memory of others. With this view, we flill eredi 
 taour departed friends the monument in the church, or the ftill 
 more perifhable memorial in the church-yard, in hopes that our 
 furvivors will beftow the fame upon us : and the ancient month's 
 mind, wdien divefted of all fuperftition, and the modern mourn- 
 ing-ring, both fpeakthe fame language. 
 
 Befides, though prayers for the dead could do them no fervice, 
 they might ilill be ufeful to the living. For the perfon who 
 prays with earneflnefs and devotion for another, muft neceffarily 
 reduce his mind to fuch a ferious and collected ftate, as muft be 
 very favourable to his own fpiritual welfare ; fo much truth is 
 there in the old rhyming diftich 'y 
 
 Qui pro alio orat> 
 Pro fe laborat. 
 
 It is far from my intention to become the apologift for prayers 
 for the deceafed : I would only fet them in their proper light. 
 The unprejudiced part of mankind have no doubts of their in- 
 efficacy to the purpofe dcfigned. They were often performed 
 (if we may judge from what may now be obferved in Catholic 
 countries) in a manner very far from devout ; and money was 
 frequently left for them, which ought to have defcended to iie- 
 celiitous relations. 
 
 The thanking the Almighty for the bleffing of a found un- 
 derlfanding, when a man was about to perform one of the moft 
 ferious ads of his life, was furely not an ill-timed gratitude. Not 
 lefs proper feems to have been the commendation of the foul to 
 thofe powers, who vvere fuppofed to be the guardians and patrons, 
 of human happinefs, when a deed was to be executed, which 
 was to take effet^ immediately upon the reparation of that fouL 
 
 fronii
 
 •o II IS TORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. 11, 
 
 tVom the body : an event of the utmofl importance to man, and 
 which generally was likely foon to take place. It feems, as if 
 we now thought, that thefe were the efFulions of an exceflive 
 devotion. Even a bilhop can now make his will without men- 
 tioning the name of God in it : while, by a ftrange perverfenefs, 
 a treaty of peace between two belligerent powers, which, they 
 and all the world know, is nothing but a rope of fand, begins, 
 ^' hi the name of the holy and undivided Trinity." 
 
 The relationfliip between fponfors and their god-children, who 
 were called fpiritual Jons and daughters^ was formerly efteemed 
 much more facred than at prefent '. The prefents at chriften- 
 ings were fometimes very confiderable : the connedlion lafted 
 through life, and w^as clofed by a legacy. This lad mark of at- 
 tention (even ftill not quite difufed by fome old-fafliioned people) 
 feems to have been thought almoft indifpenlible. For, befides 
 the inftances above-cited, in a will from which no extracts have 
 been given, tlipe teftator left every one of his god-children a bu- 
 fhel of barley. This was in 1469, when the legacy was not 
 worth above iij^. or iiij^. 
 
 The wifli of our forefathers to be brought honeftly to the 
 earth, and to be buried according to their degree, is now much 
 fallen into difufe. The funeral expences of former times are 
 now diverted into other, perhaps not better, channels. Nothing 
 is now more common than to read of the private interments of 
 perfons of the firft diftindlion. The lifelefs carcafe, it is fiiid, 
 is of no value, and therefore cannot be committed to the ground 
 with too little expence. But furely it was lately the refidence of 
 a noble inhabitant : and we view, and treat with reverence, even 
 the tattered garment of an illuftrious perfon, long fince departed. 
 Befides, though the corpfe itfelf be infenfible of the honours 
 
 ' There were even fome ecclefiaflical laws that forbad the marriage of fpiritual 
 relations. Johnfon, 740, 129 — 1009. 8 — 1017. 7. 
 
 3 beftowed
 
 Chap, II.] O F H A W S T E D. 31 
 
 beftowed upon it ; flill, however, thofc honours exprefs the grief 
 and refped; of the furviving relations, and may make proper and 
 lading impreffions upon the attendants. A funeral, with all its 
 " pride, pomp, and circumftance," is one of the moft eloquent 
 leflbns of morality. 
 
 From the very fmall importance of fome of thefe wills, it 
 fliould fcem, that to make a will was the fafliion of the times, 
 and a ceremony thought proper for the laft fcene of life. Other- 
 wife one would have thought, that a dying perfon's requeft to 
 fome of his neareft relations and friends might have fecured the 
 expenditure of a few fliillings for the welfare of his foul. Thus 
 Elizabeth, the widow of Edward IV. feems to have judged this 
 formality necelfary. She exprefsly declares, that flie had been 
 plundered of all her polTeffions by her fon-in-law, Henry VII. 
 and that flie had no worldly goods to do the queen's grace, her 
 deareil: daughter, a plealiire with, nor to reward any of her 
 children : yet fhe makes her teftament with all due folemnity ; 
 appoints three executors, and requefts her daughter the queen, 
 and her fon, the marquis of Dorfet, to put their good-wills and 
 help to its performance '. 
 
 About the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth, there was a 
 Guftom (not yet quite abolilhed) of recording the funerals of per- 
 fonsof diftinilion in the Herald's College *. Among the entries 
 of this fort is the foUowincr : 
 
 O 
 
 Mem. That the right worfliipful Sir Robert Drury, of Haw- 
 fted, in the county of Suffolk, knight, married Anne, daughter 
 of the worfliipful Sir Nic. Bacon, of Redgrave, in the county of 
 
 ' Royal Wills, p. 350. 
 
 * The lall but one of thefe entries is for the late duke of Kingfton, in v/hich it 
 is certified, that his obfcquies were performed with all due Ibleirinity, " except the 
 ♦' attendance of the officers of the College of Arms to marfhal the funeral, which, 
 *' on account of his grace's dcceafc at Bach, and the great afilidlion of Ins moll; no- 
 *' ble duchefs, was not recollcd;ed by her grace till too late to prepare the ceremo- 
 " nial. E. Kingston." 
 
 Suffolk,,
 
 ;> 
 
 z HISTORY AND A N T I QJJ I T I E S [Chap. IL 
 
 Suffolk, knight and baronet; and had ilTue two daughters, Do- 
 rothie and Elizabeth, both which died young lans iffue. 
 
 The laid Sir Robert departed this prelent life the fecond day 
 of April, anno Domini 1615, and was interred in the chancel of 
 the parilli church of Hawlted aforefaid. His funeral was wor- 
 fhipfully folemnized by his aforefaid right worfliipful ladie dame 
 Anne Drury, Sir Henry Drury of Hewgeley, in com. Bucking- 
 ham, knight, being chiefe mourner, being allifted by the right 
 worfhipful Sir William VVray of Glentw^orth, in com. Lincoln, 
 knight barronet, Sir Robert Drury of Rougham, in com. Suff. 
 knight, Mr. Drwe Drury, Ar. and Mr. Robert Drury, Ar. the 
 faid funeral being ordered by Richmond Herald, deputy to Mr. 
 Clarencieux, king of arms, and Chetter Herald, the firft of Ju- 
 ly ' in the yeare abovefaid. 
 
 Dru. Drury. A. Drury. Ed. Bacon. Ro. Bacon. Butts Bacon, 
 Bacquevil Bacon. Thomas Drury. Henry Felton. Phill. 
 Colby, 
 
 MS. in Heralds Coll. I. 16. fol. 369. 
 
 From the above memorandum it appears, that though the Re- 
 formation had made funerals lefs chargeable in fome refpedls 
 than they had been before ; ftill however they were attended with 
 very confiderable expences. In the reign of Elizabeth had been 
 alfo introduced, and was flill continued, a coftly ftyle in monu- 
 mental architedure ; the altar-tomb, with its cumbent figures, 
 having now raifed over them elaborate canopies, fupported with 
 Grecian pillars. Thefe monuments were, I believe, more ex- 
 penfive than thofe which had in general been erected for fome 
 lime before the Reformation. 
 
 The parilh regifler fays, i June. 
 
 The
 
 . Chap. II.] OF H A W S T E D. 5j 
 
 The following is " a note of all the church goodcs of the pa- 
 " rifli church of Hawfted, made this 15th of April, 1637," 
 from a decaying piece of paper in the church chcft. 
 
 Imprimis, the communion table with 2 carpets; onp of them 
 of fattine, and the other of fuftine. 
 
 Item, one table cloth of dyoper, and 2 napkins of dyoper. 
 
 Item, one communion cup of filver, with the plate to lay 
 bread on, of filver alfo ; and one flaggon of fine pewter. 
 
 Item, one furples and the houde. 
 
 Item, one church bible ' of the largeft voUum. 
 
 Item, one boucke of common prayer. 
 
 Item, two bouckes of homiles. 
 
 Item, the boucke of canons. 
 
 Item, two other bouckes, one of Juel's works, and the other 
 of Eraflnius upon the evangeles % with a defk belonging to 
 them, ftanding in the middle fpace. 
 
 Item, tAvo regifter bouckes. 
 
 Item, one flatute boucke ' made the 3d of king James. 
 
 Item, one boucke for the right of kinges. 
 
 Item, one paper boucke * to fet in the names of flrange 
 preacheares. 
 
 Item, 
 
 ' A bible of the larger volume was enjoined by Henry VIII. Edward VI. and the 
 80th canon. The prefentonewas probably king James's bible, printed in fob 161 1. 
 
 * Edward VI. in the firit year of his reign, enjoined, that within 12 months 
 Erafmus his paraphrafe on the gofpel be provided, and conveniently placed in the 
 church for people to read in. Bifliop Juel's defence of his own apology, was in 
 fuch efteem (fays Granger) that it was commanded by Elizabeth, James I. and 
 Charles I. and four archbifhops, to be chained in all parifh churches for public ufe. 
 He was one of thegreatefl: champions of the reformed religiiin. 
 
 ' I fuppofe a book that contained the adV for the annual obfervance of Novemb. 
 5, and thofe palled at the fame time againll thofe concerned in that plot, and I'opifh 
 rccufants. 
 
 ■• This book is now loft, but I have feen part of one belonging to a neighbour- 
 
 F iug
 
 '^^ histohy and antiojiities [chap. n. 
 
 Item, ten other fmall prayer bouckes which were injoined to 
 have. 
 
 Item, two payer of orgaynes ' ilanding iti the chanfell. 
 
 Item, one cuiliing belonging to the pulpet, one cuiten of 
 bu . . . . 
 
 Item, one oure glafe ', with an iron frame to it. 
 
 Item, one great cheafte = with 3 locks and 3 keis, and one 
 little bockes within it, which hath the town evidences, and two 
 braifes for the B . . . . and one large peefe of iron. 
 
 ing parifli Cdntinued down as low as 1 706. And fo great was the number of names, 
 that it feems to have been the fafhion of the time to entertain the audience with a 
 variety of preachers. This book was enjoined by the canons of 1571 and 1603 ; 
 and continued to be an article of epifcopal enquiry in this diocefe till at leafl as late 
 as 1686. " Have you a book of paper, wherein are duly recorded the names and 
 " licences of all fuch Grangers as are admitted at any time to preach in your church 
 *' or chapel ?" The introduftion of new doftrines both civil and religious, about 
 •which people thought fo diiferently, made it neceffary for government, for a long 
 lime after the Reformation, to lay frequent reflraints upon preachers. Thefe books 
 are now become ufelefs, and biQiops ceafe to enquire after them. 
 
 ' Thtfe muft have been of fmall dimenfioiis to have been placed conveniently 
 in a room only 33 | by 18 feet. 
 
 ^ In the account of the church- wardens of St. Helen's, in Abington, Berks, ivd. 
 was paid for an hour glafs for the pulpit, in 159 1. Archffiolog. V. I. p. 22. There 
 is fcarccly perhaps an earlier mention of this implement. It was ufcd at Paul's Crois 
 ii 1 616 ; for in a painting of that and the church, of that date, now in the Library 
 of the Society of Antiquaries of London, I obferved an hour-glafs near the preacher; 
 and thecuftom continued till ?f;er the refloration; for a very fine one, which cofb 
 xvii) J. was brought from Holland to Lynn, in Norfolk. Blomcfield's Hid. V. IV. 
 p. 131. The iron frames in which they flood are fometimes ftill feen near pulpits. 
 
 ' The large chell with 3 keys ftill contains the evidences belonging to the parilh ; 
 and was probably in being before the Canons of 1603 enjoined every parifii to pro- 
 vide a lure coffer, with 3 locks aud keys, in which the parifli regifter was to be kept. 
 It has a narrow hole on the top exaftly over the little box lodged within, through 
 which the money of the charitable was to be dropped. A box of this fort, called 
 the poor mens box, was enjoined by Edw. VL; the alms fo coUcftcd were to be 
 diftributed among the poor at convenient times, in the prcfence of the parith. The 
 canons of 1603 ordered it to have 3 keys; and the placing it within the large one 
 that had that number, appears a frugal compliance with the law. The brafles aad 
 the long piece of iron, whatever were their ulcs, have efcaped the three locks 
 and keys. 
 
 Item,
 
 Chap. 11.] O F H A W S T E D. 35 
 
 Item, the cover of the funte of M'inefcot. 
 
 Item, ten forms great and fmall. 
 
 Item, in the fteeple three great bells, with all things belonging 
 to them. 
 
 Item, one little bell ', hanging between the church and 
 chanfell. 
 
 Item, one beere and three ladders ftanding iu the fteeple. 
 
 Item, two great ches ^ ftanding in the neather foller ^ of the 
 fteeple. 
 
 Having thus put together whatever this place could fupplv 
 towards illuftrating fome of the religious cuftoms and modes of 
 thinking of our anceftors, I fliall now proceed to the de- 
 fcription of 
 
 The CHURCH; 
 
 But I muft firft hope to be indulged in a fliort paufe in the 
 church-yard, which I can never enter without a variety of re- 
 flexions rufliing in upon my mind : for, exclufive of thofe ferious 
 thoughts, wdth which thefe fcenes of mortality, wherever theV 
 occur, muft neceflarily infpire a contemplative mind, I confidcr 
 this and other rural repolitories of the dead, as the laft refting- 
 places of fome of the moft valuable members of fociety ; of thofe 
 
 ' It ftill hangs there on the roodjofr, and is about 6 inches diameter. It was 
 rung probably at fome particular parts ot divine fervicc (as at the coiifecration or 
 elevation of the Hoft, whence it is Ibmetimes called the furing, q. d. conle-' 
 crating b::ll), to roufe the attention of the audience, fome of whom who fat ac 
 the S. E. and N. E. corners of the church could not well fee what was tranf- 
 afting at the high altar. I recolleft not to have cllewhere feen one of thefe bells ; 
 and wonder that this has efcaped all the reformations that this church has fuffered. 
 The faint's bell was hung on the outfide, and gave notice to thofe abroad when 
 the more folemn afts of religion were performing. 
 
 * Thefe were probably the old ones ufed before the Reformation, when the 
 various vtflments belonging to the church required much more rooiw than they do 
 at prefent ; they are now gone. 
 
 ' i. e. the lower ftory. 
 
 F 2 who
 
 ^6. HISTORY AND ANTI Q^U f T I E S [Chap. II. 
 
 who have fpent their days in inceflant labour and poverty, cul- 
 tivating the lands of others, and reaping harvells, which fill 
 the kingdom with plenty, and of which they themfelves can 
 I)urchare but a fcanty pittance. It is from thefe " rude fore- 
 *' f^ithers of the hamlet" that our fleets and armies are fupplied 
 with an intrepid race of warriors ; from thefe, that our manu- 
 facturing towns are furnilhed with ufeful mechanics, and 
 imperial London itfelf prevented from becoming a defert. What 
 unformed Hampdens, Miltons, and Cromwells, may here repofe, 
 I indulge not my fancy in conjedluring, while I am certain that 
 under thefe neglecfted hillocks lie thofe who,, with perfevering 
 patience, performed the tafk allotted them by heaven ; and, at 
 the clofe of- it, laid down their lives with a reilgnation, which 1 
 can witnefs would have done credit to philofophers. 
 
 In this church-yard the allies of two paftors are mingled with 
 thofe of their flock. On an altar monument clofe to the 
 chancel door is this infcription : 
 
 Reader, 
 If virtue and goodnefs could have faved from death. 
 Thou hadil: not here been ftopt. 
 Underneath is interred the body of the Rev. 
 Anthony Pitches, 
 Late redor of this parifli -, 
 Whofe moderty and fincere love of truth was fuch, 
 That to flatter his menriory would be to infult 
 His afhes. 
 A man of great humanity, equal probity, and 
 Undiflembled piety. 
 In preaching the word of God, he was 
 
 Diligent and fuccefsful; 
 
 In doing it, moft exaft and exemplary. 
 
 The firmnefs of his virtue carried him with credit 
 
 Through all the difficulties of his time. 
 His notions of God were, like that great Being, 
 Juft and venerable : 
 Of Religion, like the dodrine he taught. 
 Pure and fcriptural : 
 
 Of
 
 Chap. II.} O F H A W S T E D. 37- 
 
 Of Government, like the laws of his country,, 
 
 Free and manly. 
 
 In a woid^ 
 
 , He really was, whac he would others to be, 
 
 A true Englilhman, and a true Protellant, 
 
 A Loyalift, and a Churchman. 
 
 He died Augull 15, 1720, aged 63. 
 
 Under the eaft window of the chancel a mural tablet of flonCj^ 
 fronting four coffin-iliaped monuments, in thus infcribed : 
 
 H. M. S. 
 
 To the memory of the Rev; Mr. Rich. Pitches, A. M. redor of this 
 parifh, and Ion to the late Rev. Mr. Anth. Pitches, reftor of this parifli 
 alio ; who, to the great grief and iofs of all that knew him, after a long 
 and tedious illnefs, rcfigned his fonl to God who gave it him, in hopes 
 of a blefied refurredion to life eternal, on the 6th day of Oft. 
 
 Annofff^^:40, 
 
 I^Salutis 1727. 
 
 To the memory of Mrs. Henrietta Maria Pitches, wife to the Rev. Mr. 
 
 Rich. Pitches, and daughter of William Capcll, Efq; of Stow Hall, iiv 
 
 Suffolke. She left behind her one fon and two daughters, and refigned- 
 
 her foul to God who gave her it, on the 5th day of Nov. 
 
 . fiEtat. 4'3, 
 
 Anno i o , '^■i* 
 
 (_Saluc. 1726^ 
 
 To the memory of Sarah Tyrrell, widow, filler to the late Rev. Mr^ 
 
 Anthony Pitches, redtor of this parifh, and wife to Mr. Henry Tyrrel}^ 
 
 Attorney at law, in London. She departed this life in a good old age 
 
 on the 5th day of February. 
 
 . fiEtat. 86, 
 Anno < r. , ' 
 
 (_5alut. 1724-5. 
 
 To the memory of Mrs. Mary Capell, daughter of the above-men- 
 tioned William Capell, Efq; She departed this life on the twentieth day 
 of Jan. Anno Salur. 1724-5, 
 
 Arms. A lion rampant crowned, empaling a lion rampant 
 between three crofs crpfllets fitche. Creft, a lion's head erafed 
 crowned. 
 
 The
 
 ^8 HISTORY AND A N T I Q^U I T I E S [Chap. II. 
 
 The huinhle efforts of the ruftic Mufe flioiild not be defpifed. 
 They have often a very affedling fimplicity, and tell the moral 
 tale full as well as more laboured compoutions. The following 
 are feleded from fome others of an equally fober and rational 
 ( aft. 
 
 Here lieth the body of Jofeph Pavis, Here lyeth the body of Edward Paffey, 
 who dyed May the 6th, 1701. who dyed the loth of May, 1701. 
 
 Think ott of death Few were his years on earth 
 And fcare to fin j But yet in living well. 
 
 When this life ends, He is more fafe 
 
 Eternity begin ■. Than they that fourfcore tell. 
 
 T\Ir. Thomfon Wycks dyed March Here lyeth the body of Mercy ' 
 the 9th, I 7 14, aged 24 years. fon of Robert Hayward, who dep. 
 
 Behold I'm dead, yet fhulll live. '^fj'^^ J"^^ 4, i'''94. ^gcd 40 
 
 Take heed all ye that me furvive. j • 
 
 There is a great partiality to burying on the fouth and eall 
 fides of the church-yard. About 20 years ago, when I firft 
 became re6tor, and obferved how thofe fides (particularly the 
 Ibuth) were crowded with graves, I prevailed upon a few perfons 
 to bury their friends on the north, which was entirely vacant; 
 but the example was not followed as I hoped it would: and they 
 continue to bury on the fouth, where a corpfe is rarely interred 
 without difturbing the bones of its anceftors. 
 
 This partiality may perhaps at firft have partly arifen from 
 the antient cullom of praying for the dead ; for as the ufual 
 approach to tliis and moil country churches is by the fouth, it was 
 natural for burials to be on that fide, that thofe who were going 
 to divine fervice might, in their way, by the fight of the graves 
 of their friends, be put in mind to offer up a prayer for the 
 
 ' A fingular fubftantive and a plural verb do not fhock a Suffolcian — fuch a 
 barbariim is one of the leading features of his language. 
 ' It was a puritanical falhion to chriften by fuch names. 
 
 welfare
 
 Chap. II.] OF H A W S T E D: 39 
 
 welfare of their fouls ; and ev'n now, fince the cuftom of 
 praying for the dead is al)olilhed, the fame obvious fituarioa 
 of graves may excite fome tender recollecSlion in thofe who view 
 them, and fdently implore " the paffing tribute of a ligh." 
 That this motive has its influence, may be concluded from the 
 graves that appear on the north fide of the church-yard, when- 
 the approach to the church happens to be that way ; of this 
 there are fome few inltances in this neighbourhood. Still, how- 
 ever, even in this cafe, the fouth fide is well tenanted ; there 
 muft therefore have been fome other caufe of this preference.. 
 The fuppofed findliiy of the eaft is well known, and is derived 
 from our Saviour's, that Sun of Righteoufnefs, appearing in that _ 
 quarter with refpeft to us ; from the tradition of his afcending- 
 to heaven eaftward from mount Olivet ;~ and from an opinion that 
 He will appear in that quarter at the laft day. Hence the cuftom 
 of building churches with one end pointing towards the eaft; 
 of our turning ourfelves in fome parts of oar prayers towards 
 that point ; and being buried with our faces diredfed that way. 
 Has then the idea been extended, and any analogy conceived 
 to be between the Sun of Righteoufnefs and the material fun; 
 fo that thofe who are buried within the rays of the latter may 
 have a better claim to the protection of the former ? However 
 this may be, and whatever origin this preference of the fouth 
 and eaft to the north may have had, "the" fadl itfelf is certain. 
 Morefin, as quoted and tranflated by Brand, in his " Popular 
 *' Antiquities," p. 53. fays, in Popifli burying-grounds, taofe 
 who were reputed good Chriftiaub lay towards the fouth and 
 eaft; others, who had fufiered capital punifliment, laid violent 
 hands on themfelves, cr the like, were buried towards the north : 
 a cuftom that had formerly been of frequent ufe in Scotland. 
 
 In this church-yard ftood formerly a -Crofs, two fragments of 
 which lie clofe to the fence on the fouth fide ; and its hand- 
 
 forae
 
 ..4t> HISTORY AND ANT I QJJ I T I E S [Chap. IT. 
 
 forne pedellal, charged with tht; Drury arms, is cut in two, and 
 ■ferves as fteps to the north door of the church. 
 
 Another flood where the diredtion-poft now (lands, clofe to 
 the church -yard, and gave the name of Cocks-crouch ' Lane 
 (as appears by old deeds) to the lane at the eafl end of the 
 Church Houfe. 
 
 Crojfes were very early ere^fled in church-yards, to put paf- 
 fengers in mind to pray for the fauls of thofe whofe bodies lay 
 there interred; in 150 1, a crofs was alfo ordered by will to be 
 eredled in Hardley church-yard, Norf. *' pro Palmis in die 
 Ramis Palmarum ofFerendis \" 
 
 Though few perhaps would wifli to fee thefe ceremonies re- 
 vived, yet may it be doubted, whether, if thefe crofles were 
 now ftanding, the morals of the parifhioners would be injured 
 by them. The peafant palling by them, in the morning, to 
 his daily labour, might, by calling his eyes upon fuch objeds, 
 receive an imprelTion, that would have a happy influence on his 
 <:ondu£l the reft of the day. 
 
 No cattle but flieep are fufFered to feed in this enclofure, fo 
 that the precaution mentioned in the following lines is never 
 neceffary here ; 
 
 With wicker rods we fenc'd her tomb around. 
 
 To ward from man and beaft the hallow'd ground : 
 
 Left her new grave the parfon's cattle rafe, 
 
 For both his horfe and cow the church-yard graze. 
 
 Gay. 
 
 '' Cock's Crouch is, God's Crofs. The firft word is corrupted in that manner 
 ij«ore than once in Chaucer. 
 
 ^ Blomefield's Hift. Vol. V. p. ii;^Z' 
 
 Let
 
 s 
 
 s^ 
 
 ■^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 N
 
 Chap. II.] OF PI A W S T E D. . 4J 
 
 Let us now confida- the Church itfcif. 
 
 It is dedicated to All Saints, and fituated near the centre of 
 the village. It is built of freeftone, and flints broken inta 
 fmooth faces ; materials moft durable, and by the contraft of 
 their colours producing a very good efle6f. Of this kind of work 
 more is to be met with in this diocefe than in almoft the whole 
 kingdom befides. The porches, buttrelfes, and embattled pa- 
 rapets, are, in general, the moil: laboured parts ; the flints not 
 being only mixed with the free-ftone, but beautifully inlaid in a 
 variety of patterns. Of this inlaying, the lower part of this 
 fteeple exhibits no inelegant fpecimens, in mullets, quatre-foils, 
 interlaced triangles, 8cc. 
 
 Of the exadl age of the prefent building I have no records : 
 but it fpeaks fulBciently plainly for itfelf. The very obtufely 
 pointed arches of the windows (hew it at firft fight to be of no 
 confiderable antiquity ; for the very Iharply-pointed arch, which 
 fucceeded the circular one about the year 1200, expanded itfelf 
 by degrees, and grew more and more obtufe, till towards the 
 reign of Henry VII. it approached the fegment of a large circle. 
 The munnions alfo of the windows carried ftrait from the bottom 
 to the top befpeak a modern date ; for before the reign of 
 Henry VI. thefe munnions diverged towards the top, and formed 
 a variety of beautiful tracery in the upper part of the window. 
 Thefe particulars are fufhcient to prove the building to have no 
 pretenfions to antiquity. The arms of the Druries, in ftone, in 
 the Ifeeple, will go very nearly to afcertain its precife date. That 
 family did not purchafe the manor and advowfon till 20 Hen VII. 
 and the arms of the purchafer, Sir Robert Drury, empaling 
 thofe of Galthorpe his wife ; as alfo thofe of his fon Sir William 
 empaling thofe of his firft wife, Jane St. Maur, are over the w eft 
 
 G door
 
 42 HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. IL 
 
 door of the fteeple, and were doubtlefs wrought intoit at the 
 time of its conll:rudion. Sir Robert died in 1520, and his 
 daughter-in-law Jane in 1517; the age therefore of the prefent 
 building may be fixed at the beginning of the i6th century ', 
 and the excellence of its workmanfliip w^ould not difgrace any 
 period. Its walls for about two feet above ground are of free- 
 ftone, and pr();e<rt all round in the nature of a buttrefs, exadlly 
 like thofe at Windfor-Gartle ; a particular which I recoiled: riot 
 in any other country church. Of the handfomely embattled 
 fteeple, 63 feet high, the engraving will give an idea. At one 
 of its corners is an iron weather-cock, which has folicited the 
 eledtric fhock for centuries; but the fabric flill remains entire; 
 and I cannot help obferving, that if modern philofophy did not 
 feem to afcertain the power of iron rods to conduct the lightning, 
 I Ihould almoft dovibt the fa£t ; for there is another fadt that 
 appears to warrant a different conclulion ; and this is, that 
 almoft every country fteeple, exclulive of its weather-cock, is 
 furnifhed with feveral iron rods that are let into the ftone battle- 
 ments to ftrengthen them ; thefe rods ought to condudl the light- 
 ning into the buildings, and fliatter them to pieces: ftill, however, 
 ihefe buildings brave the tempeft, and ftand unftricken for ages. 
 
 The Chancel is of a different age and inferior ftyle, its walls 
 being of rough flints plaftered over ; its fouth window next the 
 church fliarp pointed at top, and ornamented with a quaterfoil, 
 is certainly older than thofe of the church ; but this is later than 
 the building itfelf; for clofe to it are the veftiges of a lancet 
 window, which was flopped up to make room for it. The bottom 
 of this window, as well as of that oppofite to it (which is of 
 
 ' Yet, in 1533, one of the parilTiioners left xl j. to the reparation of the church : 
 arwl another in 1552, xj. to the building of the roof. The firft bequeft was meant 
 probably for the general fupport of the church ; the fecond might be for the new 
 tiling of the roof, or the repair of fome accidental breach. 
 
 the
 
 Chap. II.] OF H A W 5 r £ t). 43 
 
 the fame age, thongh larger) comes withia two feet, or lefs, of 
 the ground ; much lower than thofe in the church, or the old 
 cnes in the chancel : a particularity which I have noted in fome 
 other country churches in thefe parts, and for which I cannot 
 well account. There was alfo on this fide another lancet window, 
 and a third much wider, both flopped up, perhaps for the 
 monuments within. Thefe lancet windows (fo called from their 
 flender fliape terminating in a point) fucceeded the circular 
 ones, and had a very mean appearance. If ever they were 
 tolerable, it was on the north fide, that as little air as poffible 
 might be admitted from that quarter ; when they were in 
 triplets, and adorned with taper columns, they had a good 
 effeit. The eaft window is evidently of the fame age with thofe 
 in the church, and probably put in to correfpond with them. 
 The north window, though exacftly oppofite that on the fouth, 
 and of the fame age, is different from it both in fize and 
 pattern- The north and fouth windows of the church are alfo 
 different from each other. This particular is mentioned, as the 
 want of uniformity in mofl ancient buildings is one of their 
 moft flriking charadlers. Our old architects feem to have thought 
 that beauty confifled in variety. The roof was entirely made 
 new in 1780, when the thatch was exchanged for tiles, at the 
 expence of 100 jT. 
 
 The ufual entrance into the church is by the fouth porch, at 
 the right hand corner of which, clofe to the door, ftands a pillar 
 of SufTex marble two feet high, and nine inches in diameter, on 
 \vhich doubtlefs flood a bafon for the holy water ', into which 
 
 ' It was formerly called a holy water Jiop, or Jicup ; and was generally a ftone 
 bafon inferred in the wall, clofe to the door, fometimcs within, fometimes without. 
 The vediges of them are full common. They v.-erc alio frequently near akais in the 
 cluirch, on the north fide, or at the right hand of the officiating prieft; fo that 
 where one of thefe appears (except juft at the entrance) it may be concluded that an 
 altar formerly flood clofe to it. 
 
 G a thofe
 
 44 H I S T O R Y A N D A N T I Q^U I T I E S [Chap, in 
 
 thofe who entered the church dipped one of their fingers, and 
 then croiTed themlelves, as is fiill the conllant ciiftom in Catholic 
 countries. This door-cafe, as well as that oppofite to it, have 
 horh circular arches, with zig-zag mouldings, evidently of a much' 
 older ftyle and date than any other i>art of the building ; nor is 
 this an uncommon circumflance ; for which I have elfewhere % 
 and I think fatisfacStorily, accounted, by fuppofing that thefe an- 
 cient door- cales, in comparatively modern buildings, belonged to 
 former churches : and when thefe went to decay, and were to be 
 rebuilt, the arched door-cafes, both from their materials and con- 
 Itrutf^ion continuing found and entire, were w rought up in the 
 new work, and now exhibit a great diverfity of Ifyle. 
 
 The Church confifts of a body or nave only, and is within the 
 walls 58 l^et long, 29 ^^th wide, and about 36 to the highell 
 point of the roof. There are fome pews for the principal inha- 
 bitants towards the Eait end, in the neighbourhood of the 
 pulpit. The reft of the feats are probably coeval with the churchy 
 being regular benches, all alike, with a low back-board to each. 
 Pews, that fo much deform our Proteftant churches, were not 
 common till the beginning of the lad century ; but, however 
 uniform and undiitinguiOied the ancient feats were, and however 
 peculiarly improper fubjecSls to excite any of the ungentle 
 pafTions, they were very early the caufes of contentions, which 
 the fynod of Exeter endeavoured to obviate in 1287, by de- 
 claring, that all perfons, except noblemen and patrons, when they 
 came to church to fay their prayers, might do it in what place 
 they pleafed % Early in the lall century, there feem to have 
 
 been 
 
 * Antiquarian Repertory, vol. II. p. 23S. 
 
 * See Staveley's Hiftory of Churches, p. 277, laft edition. The editors of the His- 
 tory of Weftmorland and Cumberland inform us, that in feveral churclies in thofe 
 parts the feats are to this day unappropriated. The contrary practice, add they, is e.>£- 
 
 tremcly
 
 Chap. II.] O F H A W S T E ID. 4'5 
 
 been fome difputes about the feats in this church ; for from » 
 decaying paper, fomc years ago in the church cheli, it appeared,,, 
 that Richard Pead, Reg'rar'us, direiled an inllrumentto the church- 
 ^vardens, charging and commanding them to place the inha- 
 bitants in fuch feats in the church as they fliould tliink proper, 
 according to their eiiates, degrees, and callings ; but their 
 power was not to extend to feats belonging to houfes of note 
 and worlliip. Returns were to be made of thofe that were 
 refradlory ; dated i Dec. 1623. " Is there any ftrife or contention 
 about feats in the church?" is ftill an article of epifcopal enquiry. 
 
 The roof is formed of the rafters on which the tiles are laid^ 
 the intervals being filled with oaken planks. The braces and 
 principals are carved ; of the latter every other one is fupported 
 by an angel. Thefe angels, when well executed, I have always 
 reckoned among the moft agreeable ornaments of our ancient 
 churches. Their drapery and different attributes admitted much 
 variety and elegance of fculpture ; and their being reprefented 
 as hovering over the congregation, and aflilfing their devotions, 
 muft have conveyed the moft pleafing and animating ideas to our 
 anceftors. There is no doubt (fays an old Gapitulum) but the 
 prefence of God's angels is in churches '. And in the Com- 
 munion Service fet forth by Edward VI. the Almighty is 
 befeeched " to accept this our bounden duty and fervice, 
 *•* and to command thefe our prayers and fupplications by 
 " the miniftry of thy holy angels to be brought up into thy 
 " holy tabernacle, before the fight of thy Divine Majefty,'* 
 The angels in this church have had their heads and wings 
 taken away, probably by Mr. Wm. Dowfmg, of Stratford, m 
 this county, who made his reforming circuit in the years 1643 
 
 tremely inconvenient in many places, paFticularly in the metropolis, where one may 
 frequently fee moft of the congregation {landing in the alleys, whilft the pews aie 
 locked uj), the owners thereof being in the countryj or perhaps in bed. Vol. 1. P.4B5. 
 » Johnlon's Ecclef. Laws, 9^4. 10. 
 
 and'
 
 46 HISTORY AND A N Tl QJU I T I E S [Chap. II. 
 
 and 1644, to deftroy the fnperftitions images and infcriptions 
 in churches ; and did increc ib'e mifchief. I have part of the 
 journal of his tranfadions ; the angels and cherubims in the 
 roof are conftantly ordered to be taken down : to have taken 
 .them down would often have endangered the roof; fo defacing 
 -was thought fufficient. 
 
 The font, elevated on two fleps, ftands at the Weft end, in 
 the centre ; placed there, I apprehend, fmce the Reformation ; 
 for, in its prefent fituation, it would have obftruded the ancient 
 jiroceffions, which entered the weft door of the fteeple, and 
 advanced to the high altar. It is of plain ftone, fquare without, 
 and circular within, i |- feet in diameter, 1 1 inches deep, lined 
 with lead, and having a hole at the bottom. Through this 
 hole the confecrated water ', when it was to be renewed, was 
 let off, and defcended into a cavity below, where it was abforbed 
 by the earth, that it might not be irreverently thrown away, or 
 applied to any profane ufe. At the upper edge of it are the 
 remains of the iron faftenings, by which the cover was for- 
 merly locked down, for fear of Sorcery ^ How long this cuftom 
 continued I cannot fay ; but a lock was bought for the font in 
 Brockdilli church, Norfolk, as late as 1553 K A cover is all the 
 canons now require. 
 
 The Ten Commandments are painted on the eaft walls of the 
 church, and near them the Lord's Prayer and the Behef. The 
 former only are required by the 8 2d canon, which directs them 
 to be fet at the eaft end of every church and chapel, where the 
 
 The confecrated baptifmal water ufcd to be kept in the font. In 1236 it was 
 not to rcm.un more than feven days, after the baptifm of an infant. 2 iidvv. VI. 
 it was to be clianged every month once at leaft. 
 
 " Fences baptifmales fub fera claufi teneantur, propter fortilegia." Conftitution 
 of Edmund in 1236. The forcery here guarded again II was lome vulgar fuperftition, 
 fays Lindwood, better concealed, than explained. 
 ' Blomefield, Vol. III. p. 228. 
 
 people
 
 tlnp. II.] OF HAWS T ED. ^7 
 
 people may beft fee und read them. Queen Elizabeth ordered 
 tiiem to be placed at the eaft end of the chancel. This might be 
 convenient formerly, when prayer-books were not fb common 
 as at prefent ; but now they fcarcely anfwer any other purpofe, 
 than to disfigure the walls, by being generally ill executed, and 
 becoming obfcure. 
 
 The Chancel is 33 ^ by 18 feet, and about 24 high. The 
 ceiling is coved and plaftered, and divided into compartments 
 by mouldings of wood, the interfedlions of which are adorned 
 with antique heads, and foliage, preferved from the old one. All 
 its windows have been handfomely painted. Several coats of 
 arms of the Drurys and dloptons ftili remain, as alfo fome 
 headlefs figures of faints and angels. The dertroying the faces 
 of *' Superl^itious hnages" was a facrifice that often fatisfied 
 Oliver's ecclefiaiiical vifitors. The communion table is railed 
 two fteps, which (as well as the area within the rails) are of black 
 and white marble, and mufi: have been made fince the Refto- 
 ration ; for the levelling the fteps in chancels was a great objedt 
 with the Fanatics, and one of Dowfing's conftant directions. 
 It was defigned to diminifli the dignity of the communion table, 
 which was fometimes placed in the middle of the chancel. 
 Without the faith of hiliory, pofterity would hardly credit the 
 difputes of their forefathers about the name and fituation of this 
 piece of church furniture. That in queliion is furniflied with a 
 green cloth fringed, a linen cloth and two napkins, two cups and 
 two patins of filver, and a pewter flaggon. 
 
 At one corner Itands a wooden leftorne, on which lie Erafmus's 
 Paraphrafe, Biihop Juel's Works, and the Book of Homilies ; 
 the lafb very lately ordered by the vifitors to be procured, in 
 compliance, I fuppole, with the 80th canon, though it was not 
 an article of enquiry in the primary vifitaticn of the late bifhop. 
 
 It
 
 4^ n 1 S T O R Y AND A N T I C^U I T I E S [Chap. 11. 
 
 jt will take probabl}- a long uivJitUirbed ilumber with its com- 
 panions. 
 
 The weft end, and part of the north and fouth fides are fur- 
 nhhed with Iculptured benches and defks. All re<Stors were 
 rommanded to find thefe at their own expence ; they were for 
 the priefts and clerks to lit in, and lay their books, while they 
 wer'Q reading or llnging their hours or breviaries '. On the 
 north fide is a veih-y, under which is a vault. 
 
 In the middle of the pavement at the weft end is a foft light- 
 coloured ftone, 5 f. 4 i. by 2. ii. with a fmall crofs engraven 
 at one corner ; it had formerly, no doubt, one at each corner, 
 and a fifth in the middle ; but thefe are worn out by being 
 much trodden upon. It was the upper part of an altar, which 
 was always marked in that manner upon its confecration. Some- 
 times the upper Hones of tombs are fo diftinguiflied ; as that 
 for the French queen, afterwards duchefs of Suffolk, in the 
 neighbouring church of St. Mary, at Bury. In the S. aile of 
 St. Alban's abbey-church, at entering, is a tomb covered by a 
 moft beautiful and thick flab of dark Derbyfliire marble, richly- 
 inlaid by the hand of nature, with great variety of foffil fliells, 
 and having a crofs cut in it at the four corners, and a fifth in 
 the centre, and probably the table of fome altar in that fuperb 
 building. 
 
 The church and chancel are divided by a wooden fcreen of 
 Gothic work. This ufed to be called the Rood-loft, from the 
 reprefentation of our Saviour on the Rood or Crofs, ufually placed 
 upon it, between the figures of the Virgin Mary and St. John. 
 It was before thefe that the lamp was to burn, for which a piece 
 of land was bequeathed in 1503. Thefe images were ordered 
 to be taken down, i Edw. VI. fet up again by queen Mary, and 
 finally aboliflied 2 Eliz. Their place is at prefent not very orna- 
 
 ^ Johnfon's Ecclef. Laws, 1250, and Addenda. 
 
 mentally
 
 Chap. II.] O F H A W S T E D. 49 
 
 mentally fupplied by a painted tablet of the royal arms, which 
 I wonder to fee fo frequently in churches, as I know of no law 
 that enjoins it; as it is often a lliabby, never an elegant piece of 
 furniture, and as the church has badges enough befides of her 
 dependance on the ftate : The little bell on this fcreen has been 
 mentioned before, p. 35. 
 
 In the lleeple are three bells ; the two largeft were call llnce 
 the fafhion ceafed of chriilening and naming bells; and have 
 only the names of the founder and church-warden. Henry 
 Pleafant made me, 1696. Thomas Cafon, church- warden; the 
 fmallcft is infcribed, 
 
 (ttmiis mmis rcfonct campaita 3Ioanntr. 
 
 The reitor made a note in the regifter, that the great bell, when 
 new call, weighed ten hundred and a half and twenty-five 
 pounds ; the other, eight hundred and three quarters and feven 
 pounds. 
 
 Having thus given fome account of the church, and its fur- 
 niture, I Ihall proceed to defcribe, in chronological order, the 
 fepulchral monuments it contains. 
 
 Within an arched recefs, in the middle of the north-w^all 
 of the chancel, antl nearly level with the pavement, lies a 
 crofs-legged figure of ftone. The late Sir James Burrough, 
 in the Appendix to Magna Britannia, in Suffolk, fays, I know 
 not upon v/hat ground, it is for one of the family of Fitz- 
 Eullace, who were lords here in the reigns of Henry III. and 
 Edward I. it is certainly coeval with the chancel, which is of that 
 age. That all thefe crofs-legged figures are for Knights Templars, 
 as has been fuppofed, is certainly not true ; thofe in the Temple 
 church at Ix)ndon, were not for perlbns of that Order; it is 
 probable they were for thofe who had been in the crufades, or 
 
 H had
 
 5* HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. IL 
 
 had by any means contributed to that fervice. However that 
 may be, this kind of monumental figure feems to have been 
 much in fafliion till the year 131 2, when the order of Templars 
 linking into ruin and contempt, whatever had reference to them 
 fell almoft entirely into difufe '. That in quertion is a very 
 handfome one ; the arch being elegantly fculptured with foliage, 
 and a Gothic turret rifing from the head and feet, conneded by 
 a battlement at top. 
 
 As ancient perhaps as the laft, is a flat flab of Suflex marble, 
 near the chancel door, 7 feet long, and wider at one end than 
 the other. It has been mifplaced, lying north and fouth ; it was 
 probably for an ecclefiaftic ; but no veftige of an infcription 
 remains. Stones of this fliape were frequently the lids of 
 coffins, which lay no deeper than their own depth in the earth, 
 fo that their coverings formed part of the pavement. 
 
 In the middle of the church towards the eait end, is a flat 
 flab of Suffex marble, 8 ^ by 4 ;^ feet ; by its efcutcheons in 
 brafs, it appears to be for Roger Drury, Efq; who died in 1500, 
 and was buried here. The efcutcheons are, 
 
 1. A tau between 1 mullets in chief. Drury. 
 
 2. Drury empaling a coat charged with a chevron. Hari' 
 ningjield. 
 
 3. Drury empaling, firft, a coat charged with a chevron, on 
 which is a crofs-crofllet ; fecond, 2 lyons pafllmt guardant. 
 Denjion. 
 
 4. Drury empaling quarterly, ift. 3 mullets on a bend, 2d. 
 obfcure, except a chief; 3 as 2, 4 as i. 
 
 Oil a flat flone, clofe to the Heps that lead to the com- 
 munion-table, is the portrait of a lady in brafs, in one of the 
 head-dieffes that were in fafliion in the reign of Henry VII. 
 ' Archsolog. Vol. II. p. 294. 
 
 triangular
 
 Chap. II.] O F H A W S T E D. 51 
 
 triangular at top, with long depending lappets ; at her girdle 
 hangs a bag or purfe, by a long firing, as alfo her beads ; con- 
 fifting of 30 fmall pieces and 4 large ones. On this Itone 
 are four efcutcheons in brafs : 
 
 I. AUington and jlrgenton quarterly. 
 
 1. Allington and Argenton quarterly empaling Drury. 
 
 3. Allington and Argenton quarterly empaling Gardener. 
 
 4. Drury empaling, chequee a fefs ermine. Calthorpe. 
 
 whence it appears that this ft one is for Urfula, fourth daughter 
 of Sir Robert Drury and Ann Calthorpe : flie married Giles, fon 
 of Sir Giles Allington by Mary Gardener. 
 
 At the head of the laft is another with only one efcutcheon 
 in the centre, for Jane daughter of Sir William Saint Maur, 
 firft wife of Sir William Drury, who will be next mentioned ; 
 file died in childbed in 1517 ; the efcutcheon is, 
 
 Drury empaling quarterly, i quarterly, 2 chevrons, 2 eight 
 pellets, 3, 2, 3. 3d as 2d, 4th as ift. 2. a pheon. 3. a lyon 
 paflant guardant lemee of crofs crofllets. 4. 3 efcallops in a 
 border engrailed. 
 
 All thele" three laft had infcriptions ; but I fuppofe an un- 
 fortunate orafe pro anima was their rviin. 
 
 On the top of an altar monument of Suftex marble, in the 
 fouth eaft corner of the church, is the portrait in brafs of a 
 knight in armour, between his two wives, about two feet high, 
 his hair is clipped ftiort, his wifkers and parted beard are long; 
 his armour is flourilhed with fome different metal, with large 
 protuberances at the ftioulders ; at his neck and wrifts are fimilar 
 narrow rufts or ruffles ; his toes are very broad. The ladies are 
 habited both alike ; though this iliould not have been, for 
 one died at leaft 40 years before the other ; the firft, dying, 
 
 H 2 as
 
 52 f^ I S T O R Y AND A N T I Q_U ITI E S [Chap. li. 
 
 as has been faid before, in 15 17; the other furviving her 
 hufband, as is reprefented by her eyes being open, while thole 
 of the other are ciofed. The hair had now been drefled for fome 
 time in a much lefs forced and unnatural faihion, parted in 
 the middle, and gracing each temple. The cap, now be- 
 come of a moderate fize, had aiTumed a not inelegant curve 
 in front, and was erabellinied with a fillet; the- mantle, or 
 upper garment, has round hanging fleeves, reaching to tlie 
 ground ; the ruffs at the neck and wriils are the lame as the 
 man's; as are alfo the broad toes, and unbecoming protuberances 
 at the Ihoulders ; the fexes, it is obfervable, at all times fbllow- 
 ing each other's fafliion in feveral particulars of their drefs. The 
 beads had quitted the girdle, and given place to the bible, which 
 hung by a ribbon almoft as low as the feet. This defcription 
 has been the more minute, as it may afcertain the date of fimilar 
 figures, that have loft their infcriptions. The age of thefe is 
 fixed by the following epitaph on a brafs plate : 
 
 !^crc I'sttl) clotljcD noU) in carti) @»vi' MlvUm SDrurp, fenrsljt, 
 
 &nc!) one as Uilji^Icfr Ije IstcD fjcre tuas lotcD of ctjcrp luvsU^ - 
 
 ^tic!; temperance Ijc D^'O rctaiine, fiidj pruDcnt cnctcfp, 
 
 8)urfj ncblc nii'ntse, ioitlj jiitltcc ;ornD furfi i^bcraliti'; 
 
 jas fame vtfclf fijall founo fo; me tl}c glo.:? of Ijts name 
 
 25i!di tetter tijcn f l;ts nictall mute can ay pjoncuncc tl;c fame. 
 
 Eljc (ctientl) of froftv' Sanyter, tljc r£i"C of €})n{i, 'S\ f^nti, 
 
 a tljcufaiiD fvtse IjtJtiDfcD fi'ftj.' fctjen !;i0 \ivtM tljrj.'i3 untluiiiD. 
 
 CSlIjo ret Dofi; Ivuc, anD fijall Co ttpll, in Jjcarts r!" ttjcm lU luiclu tjym. 
 
 Coa QYiiunt tl;e fluppcs of fuc!j a ffcU in berfucs to cnftic Wn, 
 
 Beneath the two ladies are figures of feveral children, with 
 their names ; Robert, William, Henry, Roger, Anne, Mary, 
 Elizabeth, Fraunces, Bryget, Wyncfryd, Urfula, Audrey, Do- 
 rothy, Marget, Kateryn, Dorothy, Elizabeth. 
 
 The
 
 thap. II.] O F H A W S T E D. 53 
 
 The monument next in antiquity to this is a mural 'one in the 
 fouth eaft corner of the chanceh It con fills of a bafemcnt about 
 3 feet high, on which, under an ornamented arch, lies the figure 
 of a young female large as life, her head reclining on her left 
 hand ; her mantle is drawn clofe about her neck, and edged with 
 a fmali ruff; her hair is in many fmall and Ihort curls, without 
 any cap or covering ; above is an emblematical female peribnage, 
 furrounded with a glory, and fcattering flowers on the figure 
 below : on each fide of the bafement fits a greyhound, the cog- 
 nizance of the family. This is a very pleaiing monument, of 
 painted alabafter, and vv'ell executed ; only difgraced by an ugly 
 death's head. All fuch reprefentations and emblems as this, 
 bones in faltire. Sec. I could wiih to fee banilhed from fepulchral 
 monuments ; they are difagreeable obje6ls in themfelves, anfwer 
 no purpofe of morality, and feem not confident with the fpirit 
 of Chriitianity, which never paints death in frightful or difgult- 
 ins colours. 
 
 "C) 
 
 The infcription on a tablet of black marble is, 
 
 QUO PERGAS, VIATOR, NON HABES. 
 
 AD GADES ' OMNIUM VENISTI, ETIAM ET AD TUAS : 
 
 HIC JACES, SI PROBUS ES, IPSE, 
 
 IPSA ETENIM HIC JACET PROBITAS, 
 
 ELIZABETHA, 
 
 GUI % 
 
 CUM UT, IN PULCHRITUDINE ET INNOCENTIA 
 
 ANGELOS iEMULATA STRENUE FUERAT, ID ET IN HOC PR^- 
 
 STARE NISA EST, 
 UT SINE SEX^U DEGERET : 
 
 The word is plain enough. In the Monumenta Anglicana it is Cades, wich 
 Cbdes q. ^ Qv/e q. 
 
 IDEOQ.
 
 54 HISTORY AND ANTIQ.UITIES [Chap. If. 
 
 IDEOCK CORPUS INTACTUM, QUA FACTUM EST INTEGRITATE 
 (PARADISUM SINE SERPENTE) 
 DEO REDDERE VOLUIT. 
 QUiE NEC ADEO AULiE SPLENDORIBUS ALLICEFACTA, UT A SEMET 
 
 EXULARET, 
 NEC ADEO SIBIMET COENOBIUM FACTA, UT SE SOCIETATI DENE- 
 
 GARET : 
 
 NEC OB CORPORIS FORTUNiEVE DOTES MINUS IN ANIMO DOTATA; 
 
 NEC OB LINGUARUM PERITIAM MINUS TACITURNA. 
 
 VITAM MORTEMVE NEC PERT^SA, NEC INSECTATA, 
 
 SINE REMIS, SINE REMORIS, 
 
 DEUM DUCTOREM SEQUTA, 
 
 HUNC PORTUM POST XV FERE ANNOS ASSEQUTA. 
 
 ROB. DRURI EQ^ AUR. ET ANNA UXOR, 
 
 UNICA FILIA, ITAQUE ET IPSO PARENTUM NOMINE SPOLIATI, 
 
 HOC MONUMENTUM EXTRUENDO, 
 
 FiLi^ suiE (eheu DEPERDIT^) ALIQUANTILLA PR^SENTIA 
 
 ■ LUCTUOSISSIM^ SU^ ORBITATI BLANDIUNTUR. 
 
 SECESSIT 
 ANNI JE.TAT. XV MENSE X, ET SUI JESU CI0I3CX. 
 
 Oppofite the lail is a noble mural monument, conlifting of a 
 bafement, on which is a farcophagus of black marble, beneath a 
 double arch fupported by Corinthian pillars. Over the arch, in 
 an oval frame, is a moft fpirited bull: in armour, large as life. The 
 warlike implements on the arch, and the relt of the ornaments, 
 are i\ll in a good tafte. This is a performance of Nicholas Stone, 
 who received for it ;^ 140. ' 
 
 The oval frame which furrounds the hurt is thus infcribed ; 
 
 MEMORI.'E GULIEL : DRURII EQUIT : AUR: 
 QUI TRIBUNUS MILITUM OBIIT IN 
 
 ' Anecdotes of Painting in England, Vol. II. p. 28. 
 
 GALLIA
 
 Chsp'lL] OFHAWSTED. 55 
 
 GALLIA ANNO DOMINI 1 589. 
 
 HOC MONUMENTUM FIERI JUSSIT 
 
 ROBERTUS DRURIUS FIL. EQUES AUR : 
 
 UXOR FACIENDUM CURAVIT. 
 
 In two compartments over the farcophagus is, 
 
 ROBERTI DRURI, 
 QUO VIX ALTER' EJUS ORDINIS MAJORIBUS MAJORIBUS ORTUS, 
 CUM NEC EPHOEBOS EXCESSERAT, 
 NEC VESTEM DE PATERNA MORTE LUGUBREM EXUERAT, 
 
 EQUIT : aur: honore (nec id domi) 
 
 SED OBSIDIONE RHOTOMAGENSI anno I59I INSIGNITI, 
 
 QUE^ 
 
 ET BELLICiE EXPEDITIONES, 
 
 ET EXTERN PEREGRINATIONES, 
 
 ET AULICJE OCCUPATIONES, 
 
 satis (ipsa INVIDIA, qua SiEPE TACTUS, FRACTUS NUNQUAM, 
 
 teste) INSTRUXERANT, 
 
 TAM AD EXERCITUS DUCENDOS, 
 
 QUAM AD LEGATIONES PERAGENDAS, 
 
 aut res CIVILES PERTRACTANDAS, 
 JAM ANNO SUO 40, ET SUIJESU 1615, 
 ANIMA SUMMA CONSTANTIA, EAQJJE CHRISTIANA, DEO TRADITA, 
 
 BONORUM BONA PARTE PAUPERIBUS, 
 V. ANTE FEBREM QUA CORREPTUS, ANNIS (iDQUE PERENNITER) 
 
 EROGATA, 
 
 CORPUS OLIM SPIRITUS SANCTI TEMPLUM, 
 
 ANIMtE POSTLIMINIO REDDENDUIM, 
 
 TERR^ POSTLIMINIO REDDI, 
 
 HOC LOCO CURAVIT 
 
 ANNA UXOR, 
 
 . NEC INF^CUNDA, NEC MATER TAMEN, 
 
 DOROTHEA ET ELIZABETHS FILIARUM ORBA, 
 
 ILLUSTRI
 
 56 
 
 HISTORY AND ANTIQJJITIES [Chap. II. 
 
 ILLUSTRI FAMILIA BACON ORIUNDA, 
 
 CUI UNICE HOC DEDIT DEUS STIRPI, 
 
 UT PATER ET FILIUS EODEM MUNERE, EOQUE SUMMO FUN- 
 
 GERENTUR, 
 
 NICOLAO PATRE SIGILLI CUSTODE, 
 
 FRANCISCO FILIO CANCELLARIO. 
 
 ETIAM' ' . 
 
 OFFICIO ERGA DEFUNCTUM PIE, PIE FUNCTA, 
 
 HOC QUOD RESTAT SAXI SPATIUM % 
 
 QU^ DE IPSA DICENDA ERUNT INSERENDIS, 
 
 (iTA VELIT DEUS, ITA VELINT ILLi) 
 
 POSTERIS RELIQUIT. 
 
 On two fmall pannels in the bafement : 
 
 Dorothea Roberti et Annce 
 Drury filiola pulcherrima, annis 
 4 nara, morcua, hoc etiani 
 
 tumulo tegitur. 
 
 She little promis'd much. 
 Too foon iintide : 
 
 She only dreamt fhe liv'd. 
 And then fhe dyde. 
 
 The two laft epitaphs are, I apprehend, from the pen of Dr. 
 Donne. His connecSlion with the family makes the fiippofition 
 probable ; and the fingularity of the expreffion, " Anno fui Jefu," 
 in both of thefe, and in his own written by himlelf, feems to con- 
 firm it. 
 
 Contiguous to the laft but one is another lars;e mural monu- 
 ment, conlifting, as the laif, of a farcophagus on a bafement, over 
 which is a lofty entablature, fupported by two fquare fluted pil- 
 lars of the Ionic order, and furmounted by a large efcutcheon of 
 the arms and creft. The whole is made of a white hard plafter, 
 painted of a dark grey colour, and ornamented with gilding and 
 
 ' Et jam q. 
 
 ° The fpacc continues uninfcribed, no friendly hand having been found to fill 
 up the void. 
 
 ■ 3 flowers.
 
 Chap. IL] O F H A W S T E D.^ 57 
 
 flowers. It was the work of an Italian ' ; for in the fleward's 
 accounts in the year 1675, I find ^^. were three times ad- 
 vanced " to the ItaHan on account of the monument." And on 
 the north fide of the arch that divides the church and chancel 
 the artiit has thus recorded" his own name and performance. 
 
 D lAciNTO : cowcij : fecit: de: monumento, 1675. 
 
 It is rather a heavy performance, and fcarcely juftifies the em- 
 ploying of a foreign workman in preference to a native. A 
 tablet over the farcophagus has this infcriptiou in gold letters : 
 
 GLORIA 
 
 DEO. 
 
 QjT.iRIS, VIATOR, QUORSUM MONIMENTUjVI 
 HOC ERIGITUR? 
 EST VERUM RELIGIONIS EXEMPLAR 
 
 ocuLis Tuis proponere; 
 
 ET VIRTUTUM (ETIAM THURTCREMO) 
 MENTEM INFLAMARE ZELO. 
 HABES ENIM SUB OBSCURO HOC MARMORE 
 SACROS ET PERQUAM CHAROS CINERES 
 
 D'NI THOMiE Cullum' baronetti ; 
 QUI ADEO VIXIT, UT EUM VIXISSE 
 
 NEMINE POENITERE POSSIT. 
 FuiT ENIM Deo DEVOTISSIMUS, 
 PROXIMO CHARISSIMUS, - 
 UNICUIQUE GRATISSIMUS. 
 
 ' There is another monument, evidently of the fame artift, but upon a much 
 fmaller fcale, in the chancel of Mildenhall Church, for Sir Henry North, Bart, who 
 died in 1O71. The Norths and Cullu. is were at that time clofely connected by 
 
 marriage. 
 
 GON-
 
 ^8 HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES [Chap. II. 
 
 CONJUX CHARUS; 
 PARENS PELICANO CHARIOR. 
 FIDEI POTESTATE, ) 
 SPEI FIRMITATE, [vERUS ChRISTI 
 
 morum suavitate, fdiscipulus. 
 mentis humilitate, ) 
 
 cietera memorent pauperum lingua, 
 
 neq.ueunt rhetorum pennve. 
 
 hic heros xtianus exuvias mortis 
 
 (prjETer quas nihil HABUIT mortale) 
 
 exuebat, et obdormiebat vi° aprilis 
 
 A'NO D'NI MDCLXIV, ET ^TATIS SUM 
 LXXVII. 
 
 A flat flab of black marble at the foot of the laft, has this : 
 
 Hie, 
 
 Animis coelo redditis, 
 
 Depofuerunt 
 Corporum exuvias 
 Rev'dus Georgius Pitches, 
 Olim hujus ecclefice 
 Paflor fidiflimus ; 
 Et 
 Sara uxor ejus charilllma: 
 Quorum morum probitatem. 
 Turn vitae per omnia fan6timoniam 
 Superftites 
 (Quod poflunt maxime) 
 JEmulentur. 
 Obierunt 
 Hic A. D. 1672.1 r Ilia A. D. 1706. 
 JEtar. fu£E 65. J \ iEtar. fu^ 90. 
 Sarah Tyrrel filia eorum nata maxima 
 In infigne pietatis erga defunftos 
 Hoc marmor pofuit. 
 
 On
 
 Chap. II.} O F H A W S T E D. 59 
 
 On a flat flab of white marble, bordered with black, clofe to 
 the crofs-legged figure, is this ; 
 
 Hie infra fitus eft 
 Thomas CuUutn 
 Frater natu minor Dudleii Cullum, Bar^ti, 
 Obiit 22 die Decembris, 
 . r Redemptionis, 1 700. 
 J^yEtatis lute, 38. 
 Cui tanta fuit, etiam in hac turba, animi ferenltas, 
 Tancus amoris et harmonize affedlus, 
 Uc fubitus et inopinatus ejus deceffus 
 Fidem fecerit, 
 Harmorvicos angelorum chores 
 Animam iis adeo fimilem et adoptivam 
 Intempeftive 
 (Ut nobis accidit) 
 Rapuifle. 
 Intrepida pone reliquit angelos 
 Surfum celeriter exurgens anima j 
 Et quam primiim cantus cslicolarum audit. 
 Voce haud minus divina 
 Ipfa cantabat. 
 
 On three mural tablets on the north fide of the chancel, 
 adorned with neat pillars, Sec. of marble, are the following 
 infcriptions : 
 
 Hie jacet 
 
 Quod mori potuit 
 
 D'ni Dudleii Cullum, Baronetti ; 
 
 Viri, non una fed multis, 
 
 lifque prjEftantiffimis virtutibus infigniti» 
 
 Nimirum Dei Optim. Maxim, affiduus 
 
 Et fincerus erat venerator; 
 
 Regiae majeftatis fidelis fubditus, 
 
 Patrise amator fortis, 
 
 Libertatis vindex acerrimus. 
 
 Nee vitae privatse minus inclaruit 
 
 Ornamencis : 
 
 I 2 Studio
 
 69 HISTORY AND ANTIQ.UITIES [Chap. II, 
 
 Studio conjugal! erga binas uxores 
 
 Nedum fuperandus, 
 
 Vix fuit aflequendus, 
 
 Et ne te diutius merer 
 
 Lector 
 
 Summa erga omr.es humanltate 
 
 Celeberrimus. 
 
 Cui parem non facile nos inveiiimus. 
 
 Nee pofleri funt vifuri. 
 
 ^, .. {' JEtms Lxiii°. 
 
 Obut anno So,.- « 
 
 |_SalutlS MDCCXX*. 
 
 Depinge, Marmor, 
 Sublimem, juflam tamen, iconem hon'lis Annje 
 Filiae auguftiflimi Joh'is d'ni Berkley, Baronis de Stratton, 
 
 Et 
 DileftifTimje uxorts d'ni Dudleii CuUum de Hawfied Bar'ti, 
 Cujus egregia tarn externa quam interna ornamenta 
 (Numero et fplendore 
 Galaxite fimilia) 
 Q_iiaquaverfuni effulgebant. 
 InafFedlatam humilitatem in fecundis, 
 Inexhauftam patientiam in adverfis, 
 Diffufam charitatem pauperibus, 
 Benignam clementiam univerfis.i 
 Precipue 
 Catholicam pietatem Deo 
 Huj'Js prcEclarse Fn?min$ 
 
 (nunc coelicola;) ^ --■■< 
 
 Agnofcebant mali ; 
 
 Maximi pendebant omnes. 
 
 Nofce ergo, viator, 
 
 Quod fortunae corporifque dotibus 
 
 Erat illuftris, 
 
 Natu illuftrior, 
 
 Virtute illuftriflima. 
 
 Abi, 
 
 iEftima, et cemulare, 
 
 ^L ■• f jEtatis XLdin"^ 
 
 vbnt anno<^ c i ,• 
 
 LoalutlS MDCCIX*. 
 
 Marmor,
 
 Chap. II.] O F H A W S T E D. <Ji 
 
 Marmor, 
 
 Tandem infcriptum feras, 
 
 (Quod ipfe olim voluit et curavit) 
 
 Hie juxta requiefcere 
 
 Annam, alteram 
 
 D'ni Dudleii Cullum, Bar'ti, uxorem : 
 
 Quse fanguine ilium attingens, 
 
 Virtutibus autem conjundlior, 
 
 A teneris annis intra caftum ejus limcn 
 
 Enutrita, 
 
 Difciplinis optimis ab ipfo inflituta, 
 
 Vifa eft precipue digna, 
 
 Ut fibi in matrimonium adfcifceretur, 
 
 Orbitatis fuze, et jam ingravefcentis statis 
 
 Obled^amentum et folatium. 
 
 Huic vero fuperftes, 
 
 Secundas experta eft nuptias 
 
 Cum revcrendo viro Johanne Fulham, 
 
 Honefta gente orto, 
 
 Et de Compton in agro Surrienfi reftore '. 
 
 Ita deinceps per quindecim annos vivitur, 
 
 Ut merito dubium fit, 
 
 ,.• An eflet amantior ille. 
 
 An h^c amabilior ''. 
 
 I<Jempe unum quemque vitas ftatum 
 
 Pietate, fide, prudentia 
 
 Morum fuavitate exornans, 
 
 ^. .. f iEtatis Lii. 
 
 Obat anno ^ c i • . - 
 
 (_Salutis MDccxxyvii. 
 
 Another mural monument of marble, near the laft, Is thus 
 infcribeti : 
 
 To the facred memory 
 
 of Dame Anna Cullum, 
 
 wife of Sir Jafper Cullum, 
 
 of Hawfted Place, Baronet, 
 
 She lived and died 
 
 a pattern of piety, charity, and humility, 
 
 on the 9th of Feb. 1735-6. 
 
 aged 56 years. 
 
 ' He died at Compton, in July, i777> aged 80, being then alfo archdeacon of LandafT, canoa 
 of Windior, and vicar of Ifleworth. 
 
 * The attradtions of a lady, twelve years older than her huftand, may be eafjy guefled at. 
 ■ Cupid took his ftand. 
 
 Upon a widow's jointure-land. 
 
 On
 
 6z HISTORY AND A N T I Q^U 1 T I E S [Chap. 11. 
 
 On a flat Itone- near the chancel door is, 
 
 To the refpefted 
 
 Memory of the R.ev. 
 
 Mr. John Smith, A. M. 
 
 Rtftor of this parifh 
 
 Twenty-three years. 
 
 And of Elizabeth 
 
 his beloved nnother. 
 
 She departed this life 
 
 3d Oft. 1740. 
 
 He 2d Jan. 1762. 
 
 aged 54. 
 
 In the middle of the church, oppolite the reading-defk, a flat 
 flab of black, marble, bears this infcription : 
 
 In a vault beneath this ftone are depofited 
 the Remains of 
 Sir John Cullum, Baronet, 
 the only iffue of Sir Jafper Cullum, Baronet. 
 
 His firft wife was Jane daughter and heir of Thomas Deane of Freefolk, in 
 Hampfliire, Efq; by whom he had oue daughter who died an infant; his fecond 
 (whom he left an inconfolable. widow, and who dedicates to his memory this (light 
 teftimonyof her afFedlion) was Sufannah, fecond daughter and coheir of Sir Thomas 
 Gery, of Great Ealing, in Middlefex, knight, by whom he had twelve children, 
 feven only of whom, John, Thomas-Gery, James, Sufanna, Ifabella, Jane, Mary, 
 telt the afllidlion of furviving his death, which was on the i6th of January, 1774, 
 
 in his 75th year. 
 
 Stop, Reader, nor with heedlefs fleps pafs by, 
 
 Where all the amiable virtues lie. 
 
 Open and candid through life's ev'ry part, 
 
 Whate'er he fpoke flowed genuine from the heart. 
 
 Himfelf thus guilelefs, he fufpefled none. 
 
 And fufFer'd many wrongs, but ne'er did one. 
 
 Though clouds o'ereaft this good man's middle day. 
 
 Bright he beheld his fun's declining ray. 
 
 At lad, all peace and harmony within. 
 
 His body free from pairt, his foul from fin. 
 
 He pafs'd to heav'n without one groan or figh — ■ 
 
 God grant me thus to live, and thus to die. 
 Moft honour'd, beft of fathers, thus a fon 
 
 With painful piety infcribcs this ftone. 
 
 T. R. S. I. C. B. 
 
 A flat
 
 Chap 11.] OFHAWSTED. 6j 
 
 A flat black marble near the font, has this : 
 
 Beneath this ftone lie the remains of Ellen the wife of Chriftopher Metcalfe, of 
 this parifh, efq; who, at the age of 41 years, was torn from her afHifl-ed family and 
 friends, on the 6th of March, 1775. 
 
 RECTORS. 
 
 The following lift is taken partly from bifliop Tanner's index ' 
 to the inftitution books, preferved with them in the bilhop's 
 office at Norwich, partly from the books themfelves, and partly 
 from the parifh regifter. The two firft articles are the bidiop's 
 own notes. 
 
 Regiftrum nigrum S«Edm. fol. 171. Abbas etconventus quiet, 
 clam, et remifit Thome Noel et hered. advoc. eccl'ie de Halftead, 
 I Henrv II. 
 
 Regiftrum Alb. S. Edm. fol. 278. i4EdwaixlI. Thomas fil. 
 Euftachii (capitalis d'n's ville) tenet advoc. ecc. 
 
 2 kal. Apr. 1 308, Rogerus fil. Euftachii de Halfteade, ad pref. 
 d'ni Thome fil. Euftachii mil. et d'ne Joanne la Colevyle de Hal- 
 ftede matris fue, patronorum ejufdem. 
 
 4 kal. Jul. 1330, Jo'ES fil. Will'i de Bradfield deRadfwell, ad 
 pref. d'ne Alicie de Grey hac vice vere patrone ejufdem. 
 
 10 Nov. 1 361, Jo'ES DE Bedford, ad pref. Will'i Clopton, mil. 
 
 8 Mar. 1404. Clemens Cooke prefb. ad pref. Will'i Coggefliall 
 de Clare. 
 
 19 Maii, 1422, Rob. Ive, per lib. refig. Clem. Cooke, ad pref. 
 Roberti Clerk, reaoris de Waldingfield, Will'i Clopton, arm. 
 Roberti Cooke de Lavenham, verorum ipfius ecc. patronorum. 
 
 26 Junii, 1422, GiLBERTUS Mylde, deStradefliill, prefiayter, ad 
 pref. Rob. Cooke, per lib. refig. Roberti Ive. This was a family 
 
 * This index is a work of great labour, and extremely ufeful to thofe who want 
 to procure the regular fucceflion of the incumbents of any particular pariui •, it 
 was made in the beginning of this century, Vvhen the compiler was chancellor of 
 Norwich. 
 
 7 of
 
 64 HISTORY AND ANTIQ;UITIES [Chap. I!. 
 
 of note in thefe parts. The feat of the Cloptons at Kentwell, in 
 Melford, was acquired by marriage with an heirefs of this name. 
 36 Mar. 1453, Will. Colman, ad pref. Jo'is Clopton, arm. 
 
 21 Dec, 1456, magifter Thomas Coote, in deer. Baccalau- 
 reus, ad pref. ejufdem, per lib. refig. Will, Colman. 
 
 18 Jun. 1 505, Thomas Thorney, per lib. refig. Tho. Coote, 
 ad pref. Robert! Drury, mil. 
 
 1 T Jul. 1526, d'n's Will. Eglyn, prefbyter, ad pref. Rob, 
 Drury, mil. He refigned, I fuppofe, fome years before his death; 
 for he was witnefs to a will in 1554, under tiie title of Sir 
 William Eglyn, clerke. 
 
 2.2. Jul. 1547} Will. Sibotson, capellanuSy ad pref. Will. 
 Drury, mil. He was witnefs to the wills of two of his female pa- 
 rifliioners, in which he was called their curate ; and in one of 
 them, dated 1552, parfon of Hawfled. He was buried 19 April 
 1565. He had alfo the contiguous rexSlory of Nowton. 
 
 22 Maii, 1565, Ric. Adams, ad pref. Eliz. Drury, vid. et 
 relift. Will. Drury, mil. He was chaplain to the earl of Bath, and 
 buried here 28 July, 1601. ' 
 
 2 Dec. 1601, Jos. Hall, A. M. ad pref. Rob. Drury, mil. 
 He was afterwards bilhop of Exeter and Norwich, well known 
 for his learned and pious writings, as well as for his fufferings. 
 This living was his firft ecclefiaftical preferment, to which he was 
 invited by a letter from lady Drury, which was delivered him 
 in the ftreet as he was going to receive from judge Popham the 
 appointment to the mafterfliip of Tiverton fchool in Devon fhire. 
 He accepted moft thankfully the lady's offer, faying he was going 
 to the weft, but God had pulled him back, and he muft turn 
 eaftward. Being thus fettled in the fweet and civil country of 
 Suffolk, as he expreffes it, his firft work was to rebuild his ruinous 
 parfonage-houfe ; which, if we may judge from its prefent ap- 
 pearance, he did in a very humble ftyle of architedture. About 
 
 two
 
 Ghap. II.] O F H A VV S T E D. 65 
 
 two years after, he married a daughter of Mr. George Wenyevc, 
 of Brettcnham, in this county ; and his eldelt Ton IU)bcrt was 
 chriftened here, 26 Dec. 1605. That year he attended Sir 
 Edmund Bacon to the Spa ; and in that journey had an oppor 
 tunity to inform himfelf, with his own eyes, of the Hate and 
 practices of the Romifli church. Upon his return, he found 
 not that fatisfadtion which he expe6led in this phice ; his patron 
 Sir Robert Drury rcfuiing to rellore to the rcftory about ten- 
 pounds a year, and infifting, as tradition reports, upon his ac- 
 ceptance of a modus for the herbage of the park. By this un- 
 jutl detention, as he called it, the living was not a competent 
 maintenance, and he was forced to write books in order to buy 
 fome; , He refolved therefore to embrace the firit opportunity of 
 quitting this place, which he did in 1608, when lord Denny 
 gave him the donative of Waltham Holy Crofs in Effex. I con- 
 jeiflure he did not much refide here : for during his time there 
 are. not above two years in the regifter of the fame hand. While 
 he did refide, he preached three times a week. Till within a few 
 years, there was (as I am informed by a gentleman v. ho has Teen 
 it) in the parfonago-houfe, a plate of lead, with his motto, 
 hnuni nolo.- Summiim nequeo, ^^iefco: adopted,- I fuppofe, when 
 he firft fettled here, and expreflive of a mind, not totally un- 
 ambitious, yet content: and it is probable, if his fituation here 
 had been comfortable, he would have lived and died in the fame 
 obfcurity with his predecelTors and fucceflbrs in this re^ftory. He 
 died under fequeftration and in poverty, 8 Sept. 1656, in his 
 8 2d year, and was buried at Heigham, near Norwich. 
 
 4 Jul. i6o8, EzEKiEL Edgar, clericvis, in Art. Mag. fuper praef. 
 
 Roberti Drury, mil. vacan. per refignationem ult. incumb. He 
 
 was deprived of this re(5lory in 1643, by the fame fatal ordinance 
 
 . that ejedled his predeceffor from his bilhoprick : but refided here 
 
 till his death, which was in 1648; and he is entered, in the 
 
 K rcgifter
 
 a H I S T 0_R Y AND A N T I Q^U I T I E S. [€hap. IF. 
 
 regiiler, parfon of Halfted. He had a fon of both his names, 
 born in 1620 ; and, in a feoffment of 1647, ftyled Ezekiel Edgar 
 the younger, clerk. He was admitted to the redtory of Great 
 Stanmore, in Middlefex, in 1662, and died the next year. 
 
 ] 643, Theophilus Luddington became retlor upon Edgar's 
 deprivation. It is needlefs to fay, his name occurs not in the 
 Iriftitution Book. He had the good fortune to retain his pre- 
 ferment after the Reftoration, when many, who had been put 
 into the hvings of deprived miniilers, were in their turn difpof- 
 feffed. He was buried here 24 June, 1670. 
 
 Upon his death, the inhabitants prelented a petition to the 
 patron, recommending a fucceffbr in the redlory. This petition, 
 as it is not very long, and for its decency and good fenfe might 
 ferve as a model for limilar addreiles, is inferted here at length. 
 
 To the right worfliipful Sir Thomas Cullum, knight and bart. 
 
 The humble petition of the inhabitants of the town of 
 Halfted 
 
 Sheweth, 
 
 That whereas it hath pleafed God to take from us, by death, 
 our late incumbent Mr. Luddington, ^vho, by reafon of his 
 long and languilhing licknefs, was not able by himfelf to officiate 
 or fupply his cure for feveral years before his death ; but did, 
 with your worihip's confent, and our very good likeing, procvu'e 
 the lame to be fupplied by Mr. John Smith, who hath officiated 
 and fupplied the cure for thefe three years laft paft and upwards, 
 with extraordinary care and pains ; whofe knowledge, integrity, 
 and quiet and peaceable living and converfation, hath fufficiently 
 ^appeared and been fliewn to v.s, during the laid time. Wherefore 
 we whofe names are fubfcribed, out of the tender care both for 
 
 ourfelves
 
 Chap. II.] O F H A W S T E D. 67 
 
 ourfelvcs and the reft of the parifli, do freely, voluntarily, and 
 of our own accord (in this matter, wherein not only our bodies 
 and eltates, but our fouls alfo arc highly concerned) moll 
 humbly rer]uell and befeech your worQiip, that the faid Mr. John 
 Smith (of wiiofe abilities and good life and converfation we have 
 had fufficient knowledge and affurance) may be ibll continued 
 amongit us, and fettled as oar minifter, and have the benefice 
 conferred upon him ; or that y-our worfliip will pleafe to refpite 
 the fettling of any man in that place, until your return into the 
 country : and that we may not have a ftranger impofed upon us, 
 whofe learning, life and manners, we fiiall be altogether ignorant 
 of. And your petitioners, as in duty bound, &c. Thomas Gilly,, 
 Edward Sparke, Sufan Hammond, Sufan Edgar, John MofTe, 
 Thomas Page, John Sparke. Church-wardens, Charles Sparrow, 
 Ambrofc Death. 
 
 This modeft and fenfible application, for fome reafon or other, 
 proved inefFeclual, for 
 
 1670, George Pitches was prefented, Sir Thomas Cullumy 
 hart, patron; he enjoyed his preferment but a fhort time, being- 
 buried here 17 March, 1672. 
 
 1672, John Harris. The fame patron. He was buried here 
 4 Feb. 1689. 
 
 1689, Anthony Pitches. Sir Dudley Cullum, bart, patron. 
 From feveral letters I have from him to his friend and patron Sir 
 Dudley, he appears to have been a man of good underftanding, 
 and morals. He was buried here 17 Aug. 1720. 
 
 1720, Richard Pitches, fucceeded his father. The fame 
 patron. He was buried here 12 06t. 1727. 
 
 1727, Richard Williams. Sir Jafper Cullum, hart, patron. 
 He gave a bond of refignation ; but would not quit, till com- 
 pelled by a law-fuit. 
 
 K 2 1737,
 
 68 ills TORY AND A N T I Q.U I T 1 E S [Chap. IL 
 
 i737?.ToH^' Smith. The fame patron. He was Ton of Mr. 
 William Smith of Southampton and Elizabeth his wife; and 
 grandfon of captain John Smith, of Leckford-abbefs, in Hants. 
 His mother was buried here in 1740, when he inferted the above 
 note of his family in the regifter. He was buried here 8 Jan. 
 1762. 
 
 20 April, 1763, John' Cullum, M. A. fellow of Catharine 
 Hall, Cambridge : his father pati on. He was born 2 1 June, 1733; 
 and educated at Bury School ; whence he went to Catharine-Hall, 
 Cambridge, of which, after having taken the degrees of batchelor 
 and mailer of arts, he was eleiSted fellow, 7 Dec. 1759. In March, 
 I 774, he became a member of the Society of Antiquaries; in De- 
 cember that year, was inifituted to the living of Great Thurlow, 
 in this county; in March 1775, was eleded a Fellow of the 
 Royal Society; and in this year 1784, is innocently at leaft 
 amufmg himfelf in compiling- the hiftory, fuch as it is, of his 
 native place. 
 
 Some'Extrads from the Church Regifters '; the firft of which 
 
 begins in 1538. 
 
 The buri.ill of Joane Grene, wedow, and filler to William Sebotfon, parfon of 
 Hawfted and Newcon, i Feb. 1560. 
 
 The biiriall of Mrs. Anne Wenteworth, wedow, 26 Nov. 1561. 
 
 1 he chrilleninge of Mrs. Elizabeth Hookwood, daughter of Mr. Robert Rook- 
 wood the younger, 26 Jan. i,s6-^. — She was buried 29th. 
 
 The chrirtening of Henry jjrury, the Ion of Mr. Henry Drury, 28 June, 1564. 
 He was buried the fame day. 
 
 The chriftening of Elizabeth Drury, daughter of Mr. Robert. Draary, of Hougbam, 
 
 14 Ju'y. 1564- 
 
 • ' Church Regifters were firft enjoined to be kept,, by Cromwell fhc king's vicegerent in fpiritiial 
 aftiiirs, in 1538, juft upon the difl'oiution oireligious houfes. In 1547, lidwaid VI. enjoined 
 the fame ; as did Elizabeth in 1559; irom which laft period, thefc p:irochial records were in 
 general kept with tolerable regularity ; and fince the abolition of Inqiiifitiones poll moiteni by 
 CJiailes 11. are the bell evidences of family delcents. 
 
 The
 
 'Chap. II.] OF H A W S t -E D. 69 
 
 The chriflening of Henry Rookwood, fon unto Mr. Robert Rookwood, 25 
 ■Feb. 1564. 
 
 William Sebotfon, parfon of Hawfted, was buried 19 April, 1565. 
 
 The mariage of Mr. John Tirrii, of Gipping, and Dame Mary Corbett, '2-^ 
 June, 1565. 
 
 The nth day of November, 1565, et Re. Elizabeth, 7th, was baptized Mr. 
 Henry Drury, the fon of Henry Drury Efquire, and born the Tuelday night befon?, 
 the 7th Nov. 
 
 Md. That Margaret! Sparke gave to the repaying of thc-church njs. iiijd. paid 
 by William her fonne. 
 
 Anno Domini 1575. 
 
 MS'. That Mr. Robert Drury, the firil: fonne ot Mr. William Drury efquire, was 
 born 30 Jan. betwixt 4 and 5 of the clock in the morning ', the Sunne in Libra, 
 anno 1574, at Durham Houfe, within the Precinft of Wellminller. 
 
 Dame Liizabeth Drury, wedow, late wife of the right worlhipfiill Sir VVm. Drury, 
 knight, was buried 20 Maye. Eadem Elizabetha animam in manus Sni com men- 
 davit, 19° bora media int. 5 et 6 mane. 
 
 1576. Mrs. Frauncis Drury, daughter of Mr. William Orury, efquire, was born 
 S.June, betv/een twelve and one of the ckick after ivoone, and was baptized the 
 13th, being Wednefdaie in Whitfon Week. 
 
 1577. Mr. Edward Barnes and Mrs. Dorothe Drury were married 26 Augurt. 
 15 7 li. Mrs. Elizabeth Drury, the lecond daughter of Sir William Drury, knigiif, 
 
 was born 4 Jan. in EiTex, at my Lord Kiche his place, ut die'. 
 From I j8 1 to 1587, the rcgifter is defeftive. 
 
 Mr. George Parker, and Mrs. Auderie Drury, were married 28 Dec. 
 The funeral! of the right woflliipfull Sir William Drury, knight, was 
 ID March. 
 
 Mr. Richard AddaRis, parfon of Hawfted, was buried 28 July. 
 John Crofts, the fonne of William Crotts, Gentleman, was baptized 
 
 1587. 
 ■1389. 
 
 
 1604. 
 
 21 Odtol 
 
 1605. 
 1606. 
 
 1610. 
 
 1611. 
 
 1613. 
 
 Robert-Halle, the fonne of Jofeph Halle, was baptifcd 26 Dec. 
 
 Barbary Powell, the daughter of Mr. Crofts, was buried 14 April. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth 'Drury, daughter to Sir Robert Drury, was buried 17 Dec. 
 
 Ezekiel Edgar and Sufan Ward were married 16 Odtober. 
 
 The regifter is fjgned for the firrt time by Ezekiel Edgar, reftor ecctte. 
 and Gilbert Spalding and'Robert Nunn, Church-wardens. 
 
 1615. The funcrails of the right worfhipfull Pir Robert Drury, of Hawftead, 
 knight, were celebrated, and his corpfe buried in Hawfted church chancell, 1 June. 
 
 1621. Thefe are to tcftify and acknowledge, that Sul'an Lillye, the wife of 
 Thomas, dwelling and dying in the Dayric-houfe of Hawftead Houfe, was, with 
 the confcnt and leave of Mr. Thomas Rewfe, on my lady W^aye's behalf, and 
 Ezekiel Edgar, parfon of Hawftead then being, on the Churche's behalf, upoti 
 fpccial del) re, carryed to Whepftead church to be buried there, 28 Nov. * 
 
 The reafon of this miniitenefs probably was, that, when his fortune was to be hereafter 
 told, the Aftiologer would want to be informed of the precife time of his birth. 
 ■' 'In 1626 there is another entry of the like cautious and jealous import. 
 
 r6z4.
 
 70 HISTORY AND A N T I QJJ I T I E S [Chap. IL 
 
 \6zi. The biiryall of the right wor(h!pfiill lady the lady Anne Drury, widow, 
 ence the wife of the right worfl-iipfull Sir Robert Drury lord of Hawflead. Shee 
 dyed in Ilardwiek Houfe, 5 June, about ten o'clock in the night, and was buryed 
 in Hawftead church chancel, 6 June, about eleven o'clock in the night. 
 
 1627. Mrs. Elizabeth Ayfcoghe, the daughter of Sir Edward Aylcoghe, and 
 the lady Frances his wife, was baptized 15 Nov, 
 
 1634. Anne Wingfield, the daughter of Mr. Anthony Wingfielu, Captayne^. 
 and Anne his wife, was baptized 26 Feb. buried 17 Sep. 1638. 
 
 1636. Mr. Thomas Cjventrye was buried ii\ Aug. 
 
 1631H. Anthonie WingiieUi, the foune of Anthonie Wingficld, Captayn, and 
 Anne his wife, was baptized 23 May. 
 
 164C. Mr. Ezckiel Edgar, parfon of Halflead, was buried j ^ Feb. 
 
 From 1653, to the Refloration, marriages were performed by the civil officers at 
 Biuy ; and feme of this parifii were fo married there, as 1 have ken in the regiftet 
 of that town. 
 
 1653. 17 July. Colledled towards the Relief of Marlborough, in theparilh of 
 HaulUead, the fum of il. lis. 6d. 
 
 24. July. Colleded in this parilh, for the Propagation of the Gofpel in New 
 England, the fum of 2I. 5s. ^d f . 
 
 1655.. 20 June. Colledted towards the relief of the Proteftants in Savoy, thei 
 ium of 2I. 9s. id. 
 
 1 658. Mary the daughter of Sir Thomas Cullum, Bart, and Dudly his lady, was 
 
 baptized 6 Feb. This entry and the two next muft have been made fomc years 
 
 after the events. 
 
 1660. EHzabeth the daughter of Sir Thomas Cullum, Bart, and Dudly his lady, 
 was baptized 30 March. 
 
 1662. Tho. the fon of Sir Thomas Cullum, Bart, and Dudly, his lady was 
 baptized 20 April. 
 
 1664. Sir Thomas Cullum, Baronet, was buried 9 April. 
 
 1670. Mr. Theophilus Luddington, redor of Hailed, was buried 24 June. 
 
 1672. Mr. George Pitches, reftor, was buried 17 March. 
 
 1675. Mr. William Hanmer and Mrs. Peregrine North ' were married 2 0£i. 
 
 1678. Mrs. Edgar, widow, was buried 2.8 May. 
 
 An account of fuch as have been buried in or at the parifh church of Hawrted, 
 fincethe ift of Auguft 1678, when the ad for burying in woollen took place \ 
 
 1680. The lady Dudly Cullum, wife to Sir Thomas Cullum, Bart, buried 10 
 September. 
 
 ' The father and mother of Sir Thomas Hanmer, fpeaker of the Hoiife of Commons. 
 ^ The day when the affidavit was brought was (according to the direftion of the aft} regiftered' 
 tilj 1724 ; but this is generally now negleded as ufelefs. Perhaps no aft of Parliament is better 
 -obl'erved than that for bur)'ing in woollen. The common fliroud is fo cheap and decent a diefs,. 
 that there is no temptation to ufe any other. And in this parifli at leaft, the perfons of chief 
 Bote adopted it as foon as the aft pafl'ed ; for there is but one inftance (and that in the cafe of 
 an inferior perfon) of the forfeiture for burVing. in. linen. 
 
 Sir
 
 Chap. II.] O F H A W S T E D. r 
 
 Sir Thomas CuUum, Bart, bnried i 6 O6lober. 
 
 1685. Mr. Jo. Burton, B. D. and Fellow of St. John's Coll. Cam'\ buried 
 10 June. 
 
 1689. Mr. John Harris, rcftor of this parifh, buried 4 Feb. 
 
 1692. Mr. Henry North, of Woodbridge, and Mrs. Mary Cullum of this 
 parifh, were married 21 Jan. 
 
 1698. Memorand. That the 3d of May there fell a deep fnow, and it froze 
 hard the night following. 
 
 William Cawftone and Mary Baldwin, of this parifli, were married 8 Sept. 
 The faid William is a Hufbandman, and liable to pay 2s. 6d. as the King's Duty. 
 
 1700. Mr. Thomas Cullum buried 27 Dec. As the faid Mr. Cullum was a 
 Gentleman, there is 24s. to be paid for his buriall. 
 
 1 701. 18 Jan. There was a fort of a Hurricane that did great damage both by 
 fea and land. 
 
 5 Feb. There was thunder and lightning, and hail, in a terrifying manner; and 
 on the 7th, there was hail and thunder, and wind almoft as great as the former ; on 
 the 1 6th there was another dreadful ftorm of thunder and lightning. 
 
 1703. Nov. 25 and 26. in the evening of both thofe days there were very con- 
 fiderable rempeds of thunder and lightning ; and 27th in the morning, there was 
 a moft terrifying hurricane, intermixt with thunder, that threw down chimnies, 
 barns, trees, and houfes, in feveral places, and deltroyed many perfons by land : 
 and at fea there were 14 men of war loll, among which was a rear admiral, befides 
 abundance of merchant (hips to an extraordinary value. 
 
 1706, The number of men and women above 16 years of age in this parifh, as 
 given in to my lord Bilhop of Norwich at his vifitation, 29 April, Men 8x ; 
 Wouien 93. 
 
 Mrs. Sarah Pitches, relid of. Mr. George Pitches, fometlme redor of this paridi, 
 buried 28 Nov. 
 
 1 70S. I\Ir. Robert Bugg, of Bardwell in Suff. and Mrs. Eattina Capell, of 
 Stanton, were married 28 Sept. 
 
 I 709. The hon. Anne Daughter of the right hon. John Lord Berkley, Baroa 
 of Stratton, and wife to Sir Dudley Cullum, Bart, was buried 2 June. 
 
 About 7 fcore and 10 communicants in this parilh, 19 July. 
 
 Mr. Robert Eyton, reftor of Eyton in Shropibire, and Mrs. Elizabeth Butts ', 
 <3;)Ughter of Mr. William Butts, late redor of Harteft, deceafed, were married 
 140a-. 
 
 1710. Sir Dudley Cullum, Bart, widower, and Mrs. Anne Wicks, fmglewoman, 
 both of this parJGi, were married 12 June. 
 
 1712. Antony fon of the rev. Mr. Robert Butts, cl. and Elizabeth * his wife, 
 buried 1 1 May. 
 
 ^ She wBs fifter of Robert Butts, afterivaids bifliap of Ely. 
 
 * She was daughter of Mr. Pitches, re<SVor of tliis paridi, and died when her hufbnnd was 
 bifliop of Nonvich, where flie was buried in the chapel belonging to the bifliop's palace, with 
 an elegant epitaph. See Blomefield, \', II, p. .j-'o. 
 
 5 ^714-
 
 7a. HISrORY AND ANTlQ.UiriES [Chap. IL? 
 
 1714. The Rev. Mr. John Warren, resftor of Fornham All Saints and. St. , 
 Martin's, and Mrs. Dudley I'ltches of this parirti, were married 29 April. 
 
 1716. Robert, fon of the Rev. Mr. Robert Butts,, niinifter of .Bury, and 
 Elizabeth his wife, buried i4,May. 
 
 1720. Rev. Anthony Pitches, reftor of this parifh, buried 17 Aug. 
 
 Sir Dudley CuUum, Bart, died i5 Sept. and was. buried 27th. 
 
 1723. 18 June. The number of communicants given in then, being the- 
 primary vifitation of Thomas lord bifnop of Norwich.— Men ^6. Women 89. 
 
 1724. Mrs. Mary Capell, buried 23 Jan. 
 Mrs. Sarah Tyrrell, widow, buried 8 Feb. 
 
 1726. Mrs. Henrietta Maria .wife of , Rich. .Pitches, late recflor of this par ilh, 
 turied 8 Nov. 
 
 1727. Rev, Mr. Richard Pitches, late re^or of this parifh, buried 12 0(?:. 
 
 1728. . Richard Brixey, gent buried i Jan. 
 
 1729. Mr. Michael Brixey, gent, from the place, buried 6 Dec. 
 
 1730. Jane, the daughter of John Cullum Efq; buded 28 Jan. 
 
 1733. John, fon of John, Cullum, Efq; and Sufan his wife, was baptized in 
 the chapel at Hawfted Place, 19 July, by me John Smith, then curate of Nowton, 
 now (viz. 1739) re^or of Hawlfed. 
 
 1735. Elizabeth, relidt of the late Rev., Mr^. Anthony Pitches, .reitor, buried 
 25 October. 
 
 1736. Lady Cullum, wife to Sir Jafper Cullum, Bart, buried 17 Feb. 
 
 1737. Anne Fulham, wife of the rev. Mr. Fulham, of Guilford, Surry, widow 
 of Sir. Dudley Cullum, Bart, buried 3 Feb. 
 
 1744. Mary, daughter of John Cullum, Efq; and Sufan his wife, buried 29. 
 March. 
 
 1745. Anne, daughter of John Cullum, Efq; and Sufan his wife, buried 20, 
 
 July- 
 
 1754. An Aft for the better preventing clandefline marriages takes place 25 
 March. 
 
 Sir Jafper Cullum, Bart, aged 84, buried 8 Nov. 
 
 1756. Sarah, daughter of. Chriftopher Metcalfe, Efq-, and Ellen his wife, bap- 
 tized 15 Sept. 
 
 Jafper, fon of Sir John and Lady Cullum, buried 21 May. 
 
 1757. Mrs. Brixey (born i April, 1658) Grandmother to Sif John Cullum, bu- 
 ried 16 Jan. 
 
 1762. Rev. Mr. Smith, late reftor of this parifh, buried 8 Jan. 
 
 1763. Frederica Sophia,, daughter of Chriftopher Metcalfe, Efq; and Ellen his 
 Wife, baptized 20 Nov. 
 
 1769. Lucy, daughter of Chriftopher Metcalfe, Efqv and Ellen his wife, bap- 
 tized 26 Nov. 
 
 1773. Jemima, daughter of Chriftopher Metcalfe, Efq; and Ellen his wife, 
 baptized July 4. 
 
 ' By hi» firfl wife. : , 
 
 1774'
 
 Chap. II.] O F H A W S T E JD. 73 
 
 1774. Sir John CuUiim, Bart, buried 22 January. _ 
 
 1775. Philip Ion of Chriftopher Metcalfe, Eiq; and Ellen his wite, baptized 
 
 6 March. 
 
 Ellen, wife of Chriftopher Metcalfe, Efq-, buried 13 March. 
 
 1777, Sarah, daughter of Chriftopher Metcalfe, Efq-, and Ellen his wite, bu- 
 ried i c February. , 
 
 1778. John, fon of Thomas Gery Cullum, Efq; of Bury St. Edmunds, and 
 Mary his wife, buried 29 Oaober. rr. , 
 
 1780. Mrs. Margaret Barton, widow of Mr. Chriftopher Barton, of Bromley, 
 in Middlefex, and mSther of the late Mrs. Metcalfe, aged 88, buried 24 Jun<^- 
 
 1782. Jemima, daughter of Chriftopher Metcalfe, Elqv and Ellen his wife, bu- 
 ried 6 June. ^ ,. , , ^ 
 
 l78^ An atft takes place i Odober, that impofes a tax of 3^. upon the entry 
 of every chriftening, marriage, and burial, except thofs of feme poor perions, 
 particularly circumftanced. A tax, moft vexatious to the clergy, and which, it is 
 thoutrht, will be unproduftive to the ftate. 
 
 In'^April 1784, the biftiop of the diocefe, among other diredions to his clergy, 
 o-ave fome very judicious ones relative to the proper keeping of parifli regifters — 
 In obiea to which, in this diocefe at leaft, epifcopal attention was never before 
 extended. I hope his lordlhip's care in this refped: will be properly regarded, 
 and that we Ihall never meet with fuch entries as this; " the ion of Jankin the 
 *' fliepherd bapiized." 
 
 Benefactions to the town of Hawsted ; extradted from a 
 vellum book in the church cheft, into which the original 
 Deeds were fairly tranfcribed in 17 19. 
 
 For the explanation of the beginning of the firft deed, it is 
 neceffary to premiie, that from fome deeds in my poffeflion it 
 appears, that Robert Drury, Efq; father of Sir William, had on 
 20th Dec. 25 Henry VIIL with many other gentlemen, been 
 enfeotFed in the four parcels of land fpecified in Sir William's 
 feoffement ; but no declaration had been made to what ufes they 
 were to be applied. They had all probably been formerly be- 
 queathed for religious purpofes ; but at that critical time it might 
 be thought prudent to throw them unconditionally into the hands 
 
 L of
 
 74 HISTORY AND A N T I Cl_U I T I E S [Chap. II. 
 
 of ])crrons of power, who might preferve them for the benefit 
 of the village. The Reformaiion had now^ taken fueh ttrkles, 
 that ihere was no longer anv hope of appropriating them to their 
 original ufes ; and therefore the inhahitants requefted Sir William, 
 that they might be applied to the general advantage of the place. 
 This is called Sir William Drury's feoffement : but it certainly 
 was not his benefadtion. 
 
 I. Sir William Drury, Knt. at the requed of the Inhabitants of the town of 
 Hawilcd, and according to a promife which he had lately given them, did on 6 June, 
 g6 Henry VIII. enfeoff Kichurd Corbett, Efq; Henry and Roger Drury, gentlemen, 
 his fons, Henry Pain, gentleman, William Eglin, cleiU, John Sparrow, Ralfe 
 Sparke, Martin Gylly, Thomas Cowper, Edward Wyffin, and Robert Sparke, in 
 one mefTuage, called The Church-Hoiife, with its appurtenances, bounded on the 
 north by a way belonging to the manor of Hawfted Hall, and contiguous Co the 
 church-yard-, and on the louth by the king's highway, anciently called Cakkefcrozvch 
 Lane\ abutting towards the weft upon lands belonging to the fald manor, called 
 Park Field; and towards the eafl: on the highway that adjoins to Langage-Meadow. 
 Alio in a Clofe called Brown's Tuft ', in the town of Hawlted, computed at 3 acres, 
 lying between a Clofe called Matterel's towards the weft, and the land of Robert 
 llookwood towards the weft, abutting at both ends on the lands of the faid Robert 
 Rookwood. Alio in a piece of land called The Lamps Lend, lying between the 
 common way called Wynrefmere Lane on the eaft, abutting on one fide upon a 
 piece of pafture in the tenure of Giles Wyffin towards the fouch, and on the other, 
 upon a way called the Drift Way towards the north. Alfo in three acres of land, 
 lying between the lands of Sir Wm. Drury on the north, abutting at one end upon 
 Coldfield, otherwife called Hongredown, towards the weft, and at the other upon 
 the meadow of the faid Sir Wm. Drury towards the eaft. The faid feoffees, their 
 heirs and afiigns, to have and to hold the faid houle and lands, for the perpetual 
 relief and uie of all the inhabitants of the town of Ilawfted for the- time being, 
 (Ad opus femper et ufum omnium inhabitantium villie de Mawfted pro tempore 
 cxiftentium) paying to the faid Sir Wm. Drury, his heirs and affign?, the fervices 
 before due and cuftoiuary ; and an annual rent of 2i. id. of Englifh money, to be 
 paid half-yearly. 
 
 ' John Cowper, of Bury, the fon and heir of William, who held this Clofe conjointly with three 
 others, to the life and benefit of him the faid William, his heirs and afiigns forever, as appears 
 by a deed, dated 4 Henry VU. did on 20 Dec. 13 Henry VIII. enfeofie William and Robert Dniry, 
 iifqrs. of Hautled, and fifteen more, in this Clofe, for the purpofe of Iiipporting the king's taxes, 
 and other bm-dens and impofitions that fhould be laid on the faid inhabitants for ever, as far as the 
 rent of the Clofe would go (ad opus et iifini-i omnium pauperum inhabitantium ville de Havyfled, 
 ea intentione ad fiipportandum taxationes domini regis, ac alia onera et impolitiones predi6tis inha- 
 bitantibus imponendas, in perpetmim, fecundum qiiantitatem pioficui dii^i clauii) which Clofe was 
 purchafed of the faid John Cowper, by John Clerk of Haulled, lately deeeafed, who. bequeathed it 
 K>i his own free will to the faid inhabiti.nts for the purpofes above-mentioned. 
 
 This
 
 Chap. II.] O F H A W S T E D. 75 
 
 This feoffement was renewed in 1592, and 1635-, after which it was negleacd 
 till 1719, when it was renewed by William Leppingwell and Robert Career, ions 
 and heirs of the two daughters and coheirelTes of George Nunn, dcceafed, who was 
 the cldeft brother and heir at law to Robert Nunn, deceaied, the laft furviving 
 feoffee. The laft renewal was in 1769. 
 
 11. Sir Robert Drury, of Hawfled, in the county of SiifFolk, Knight, *< being 
 
 " by the Grace of Almighty God, minded to build an ahnjhoufe for the perpetual 
 
 " habitation and dwelling of fix poor women mmanied; and to allow every one of 
 
 them five pounds a year of current Englifli money, to be paid quarterly by the lord 
 
 of the manor of Hawfted Hall cum Buckenham's ; the faid fix women to be at the 
 
 nomination of the faid Sir Robert, during his life; and after his death, at tlic 
 
 nomination of the feoffees for the time being, for ever, out of the poor inhabitants 
 
 of the following towns ; out of the town of Hawfted, one poor woman tor the 
 
 firft place that fliall be void ; one out of the town of Whepfted for the fecond 
 
 place-, one out of the town of Brockley for the third; one out of the towns of 
 
 Chedburgh and Reed by turn in courfe, for the fourth ; and two out of the burrough 
 
 of Bury St. Edmund's for the fifth and fixth ; fo as the overfeers of the parifli in the 
 
 fiid burrough, out of which any poor woman dial! be placed in the faid ahnflioufe, 
 
 do provide relief and maintenance of all things neceffary unto (uch poor woman, as 
 
 for whom, by her becoming impotent and weak, the faid allowance of five pounds 
 
 a year ifiall not be fufficient : in default of which provifion, the feolfees for the 
 
 time being, flTidl fupply the hid fifth and fixth places for ever, with fuch poor out 
 
 of any of the towns within five miles of the faid alinlhoufe, as to them fhall feeni 
 
 meet ; fuch towns putting in fufFJcient fecurity for relieving the poor woman with 
 
 all things neceflliry, in cale fhe fiiould grow impotent and weak, fo that her fi.ve 
 
 pounds a year allowance ftiall not be fufficient. The fame Sir Robert,^ out of his 
 
 charitable difpofi'ion to the poor, being alfo minded to allow yearly for ever for 
 
 the better relief and niaintenAnce of the poor of the following towns, twenty and 
 
 two pounds of current Englifli money, that is to fay, to the poor of the town ot 
 
 Hawfted 6 pounds; of Whepfted 5 pounds; of Brockley 4 pounds; of Chedburgh 
 
 4 pounds; and of Reed ^ pounds ; to be paid quarterly by the loid cf the manor 
 
 of Hawfted Hall cum Buckenham's, to the overfeers of the poor of the faid pariflies, 
 
 with this intent and purpofe, that if any poor woman placed in the faid almfhoulc 
 
 iliall grow poor and impotent, fo that fhe ftiall want relief, the overfeers of the 
 
 parifh out of which ftie was cholen, fhall relieve and maintain her with all things 
 
 ■necelTiry; in defa-ult of which relief, the lord of the faid manor fhall relieve her, 
 
 and detain fo much of the fumms payable to fu( h overfeers as will Jatisfy himfclf. 
 
 ' — To carry the above dc-figns into execution, the faid Sir Robert did, on 18 March, 
 
 1610, give, grant, enfeoff, and confirm t-o Sir Nicholas Bacon, of Redgrave, in 
 
 -the faid Couiuv, Knight, .Sir Edmund Paeon his fon and heir. Sir. John Hcigham 
 
 «f Barrow, Sir Robert Jermyn of Riifhbrook, Sir Robert Drury of llougham, 
 
 I'homas Drury of the Inner Temple, Efq; Richard Brabon, clerk, parion of 
 
 Whepfted, John Hdy, clerk, Fzekiel Edgar, clerk, parfon of Hawfted, Gilbert 
 
 Spalding of Hawfted, yeoman; all tl.ofe lands and tenements, he. then or larely 
 
 L Z called
 
 7<f HISTORY AND A N T I QJJ I T I E S [Chap. IL 
 
 called Hardwick, or Hardwick Wood, in the faid county, fometime belonging to 
 t-he late monaftery of Kury St. Edmund, then dilloived : As alfo an annuity of 
 20 pounds, iffuing out of the manor of Havvfled-Hail with Buckenham's, and all 
 his poffedions in Hawficd, to be paid quarterly to the faid leofFces, their heirs and 
 afTigns for ever, in iliC church porch of Hawfted j to the only uje, behoof, intents 
 and p'.ypojis, that they the feoffees, the furvivor and the furvivcrs of them, and the 
 heirs of the fuivivor, fnould, at the colls and charges of the lord of the manor of 
 Hawfted Hall with Buckenham's, convey the faid eftate at Hardwick, and th& 
 annuity of 20 pounds, to the fi:d feoifces and others, as to them fliould fecm meet 
 and rcquifite, to the numbtr of twelve; and fuch renewal to be made in like 
 manner for ever hereafter in all ages, for continuing the faid premifes in feoffees 
 hands for ever. To the end, that the fcofiees for the time being, fliould for ever, 
 and at all time and times, after the death of the faid Sir Robert Drury, upon 
 reafonable requefl to them made, and at the coffs and charges of the lord of the 
 faid manors, demife and to farm let, the faid efliate at Haidv.ick, and the annuity 
 of 20 pounds, to fuch perfon as Ihall be lord of the faid manors, for fuch term of 
 years (if fuch perfon fh:;ll be fo long lord) and fuch conditions as to them fhall 
 ieem meet, relerving always the rent of 52 pounds to be paid quarterly to the 
 fix alms-houfe women, and to the overfcers of the poor, as aforefaid, by the lord 
 of the faid manors for the time being, or his afilgns. Pruvided always. That the 
 lord of the faid manors, fhall from time to time as is neceflary, repair and rebuild 
 the alms-houfe intended to be builded, in fuch fort as the fame fhall be firft 
 founded and erefted. 
 
 Sir Robert rcferved to himfelf the power of revoking and making void this 
 deed, by any writing fealed and fubfcribed by him with his name, or by his lad 
 ■will and teflament. 
 
 The original was fubfcribed by Sir Robert with his name, in letters of gold ; and 
 always kept in the church cheft of Hawfted, till the year 1754, when for fome 
 reafon or other it was depofited in that of Whepfled. 
 
 This feoffement was renewed in 1647, when there were three furviving feoffees; 
 in 16S2, when there was but one ; in 1712, when there were three; and in 175^, 
 when there were two. 
 
 III. John Froff, of Hawffed, labourer, in confideration of 22/. paid him by 
 John Alvis and Giles Froft, Church-wardens, Procuratores, (part of which 22/. 
 was the gift of Robert Kidd, late of Hawfted, labourer, deceafed, and of Anne 
 Spalding, fpinfter ; and part was in the hands of the church-wardens) did on 30th 
 Sept. 1622, convey to twelve perfons named in the deed, a piece of land with a 
 cottage or tenement built upon it, at Pinford Inn, near the Park Gate, containing 
 by ellimation 7 perches : the faid twelve perfons, their heirs and affigiis, to have 
 and to hold the faid land and cottage to their own ufe and benefit for ever, 
 abfolutely and without any condition -, yet with this hope, intention, truft, and 
 confidence, that at all future times, fixteen fhillings of the rents and profits arifing. 
 from the eftate, ft^ould be employed and paid annually for the relief and fupport 
 of the poor, aged, and needy inhabitants of the town of Hawfted, who live honeftly, 
 
 quietly,
 
 Ch.np. II.l OF HAWS T E D. 77 
 
 quietly, and piouflv, and of none other-, and that the remaining part of ihe 
 rcnis and profits llnjiild be paid every year to the church-wardens, to be dilpoled 
 of according to their difcrctiun, for the general benefit of the inhabitants ot the 
 faid town of Hav\;iled. 
 
 This feoiVement was not rencvj-'eii till 17 19, by Robert the grandfon of Robert 
 Mayhew, the lull, ilirviying feoilee ; again in 1769. 
 
 IV; I Jan. 1674, Thomas Tyrrcl of Hawfted, gent, and William Barker, of 
 the fame, ytomun, purchafed of John Pilborough, and Anne his wife, fjr the i'um 
 of 45 pounds, paid by the chief inhabicants of the faid'tovvn, one piece of land and 
 \);il\mx, fomtiine parcel of a field called McUpoJl Field, and a certayn way or lane 
 thereunto adjoining, lying in Hawded, containing by eftimation 5 f acres. Alio 
 contiguous to the lall, a pightel of land^ called Barnard's, or Little Parkers, con- 
 taining by eOimation i acre. One end of it abuts upon the king's highway, leading 
 from Hahkd Green, towards Mennold Green. Of the faid purchafc money, ^o 
 pounds were" given by the lady Frances Wray, widow, deceafed, to be a Icivn Jlock ' 
 for the benefit of the poor people of the faid tozvn; the other five pounds were given 
 by Bridget Spalding, v.ddow, deceafed, for the fame purpofe. 
 
 In 1651, Thomas Tyrrel the furvivor, enfeoffed 12 perlons in the above two 
 pieces of land. After which, this eftace, like fome of the former, was neglefted 
 till 1 7 19, when Robert the grandfon of John Sparke, the laO: furviving teofiee, 
 renewed the feorfement. It was laft renewed in 1769. 
 
 Thelandsin this and Sir Wm. Drury's feoffement (including a houfe valued ac 
 id, 2S. a year), are let for 9/. 1 6j. a year. 
 
 Lady Wray's charity is diflinguifhed by the diftribution of 28 Ihillings every 
 half year, in her name, to the poor, in the church. 
 
 V. Sir Thomas Cul'.um of Hawfled Place, Bart, by his will, dated 2 May, 1662, 
 and proved 20 May, 1664, bequeathed to the matter and wardens and worfliipful 
 company of Drapers, London (of which he was a member) and to their fucctllbrs 
 for ever, four houles in Trinity Mipories parifli in or near London, then lealed to 
 feveral tenants for 41/. los. a year, in trulf and confidence, and to the intent and 
 purptife, that they and their fuccelTors fhould (among other annual charitable pay- 
 ments) pay every year for ever 5/. 10s. for md towards the relief of the poor of the 
 parirti of Hawfted, in the county of Suffolk-, of which |/. 10^. two fhillings were 
 by the church-wardens of the faid parifh to be weekly laid out in bread, to l?e by 
 them and the overfeers of the poor, or the more part of them, according to their" 
 bell difcretions, with the confent of the lord of the manor, dilfributed every Sabbath- 
 day in the year, among fuch poor people of the faid paritb, as ufually come to the 
 church, having no lawful ur iuli caufe to the contrary. The remaining fix fliiUings, . 
 the church-wardens for the time being, are to receive for their trouble. 
 
 According to the above bequeft, 12 two-pcny loaves are every Sunday diftributed 
 to poor people in the church. 
 
 G H A P.'.
 
 78 HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. III. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 LOROS OF THE MANOR, AND OTHER PROPRIETORS OF LAND. 
 
 A MONG the obligations we owe to the rehgious focieties, 
 •^^ founded by our anceitors, one is, their preferving many 
 notices of families and property, which would otherwife never 
 have reached our time. They were extremely careful of the 
 evidences of their pofTeffions and privileges, tranfcribing them 
 into regifters, and often placing them on the altars of their 
 churches : and the perpetuity of fuch communities prevented 
 the difperfion and lofs of their muniments. To thefe circum- 
 rtances it is owing, that we have now fome very ancient records 
 of the village at prefent under confideration. 
 
 In the time of king Edward the Confeffor, Leofstan the fewer 
 of abbot Leofstan, and Stannard his relation, gave Haliled to St. 
 Edmund. About the fame time, Odo and his wife are faid to 
 have done the fame '. What thefe donations vrere, does not 
 appear ; but they were probably all the lands which thofe bene- 
 fadors poflelfed in this place. Something, however, more 
 fpecific and important was bellowed by that pious monarch, early 
 in his reign ; for Halfted was involved in his enormous grant to 
 the monatlery of the royalties fjura regalia) of ail the villages in 
 eight and and a half contiguous hundreds. 
 
 ' Monaflicon Ang. V, I. p. 293, 4. and a MS. thus defcribed in Tanner's 
 Not. Monail. p. i;o6. Cartularium itTrarum, iibeitatum, &c. ad iianc abbariam 
 (led. Sti. Edmundi) fpeftantium, manu reccntioref, ex aiitiquis rcgiilris ccenobii 
 dclcripuim folio grandiul'ciilo, MS. penes dom Rob. Bsc(;n, Barr. It b-longcd 
 afterwards to Tern. Martyn, who valued it hi^lily ; and is now m) property. I 
 flidll q'Jorc it hereafter, as MS. C. 
 
 At
 
 Clap. III.] O F H A W S T E D. 79 
 
 At the Conqueror's furvey, xxviii free-men held here iiii 
 carrucates of land, or about cccc acres. OJo held i carrucate: 
 Albold and Peter, two eccleliaftics, 11; and Agenetus xx acres. 
 Who the principal lord was, docs not appear ; for 1 fliould think 
 no one of thofe named was fuch. The inferior proprietors had 
 the privilege, not, always enjoyed by perfons in their Ihitic-n, of 
 alienating their lands without the licence of tb.eir lord. The 
 right of holdiiig courts for deciding the difputes, and punifiiing 
 the offences of the vaffals, belonged to the monaftery, as w-ell 
 as a right of common. There were in villains, xxi bordarers, 
 and II flaves : three orders of vailals that are conlfantly men- 
 tioned as diftin6l, in Domefday, and as appendant to manors ; 
 but whofe fpecific kinds and degrees of fervitude, interpreters 
 feem not well able to afcertain. 
 
 In the time of the Conqueror, St. Edmund poffefied here iiii 
 carrucates of land, as appears in the regifter of John North- 
 wold. MS. C. 
 
 Anfelm, abbot of St. Edmund (who prefided from it 19 to 
 II 48) with the advice of his barons, granted Halfted, or (as it 
 is exprefied in another evidence) lands in Halfted, to William 
 fon of Ailboldus, and Robert his fon and heir. And the faid 
 William and Robert confirmed to the abbey the churches of 
 Bertune and Culeford in fee. Harl. MSB. 639. p. 7. 
 
 Henry I. gave Halifed to St. Edmund and abbot Anfelm, for 
 the fervice of the altar, and particularly for buying w'ine for the 
 cekbration of mafles. Pinchbeck's Regifter. 
 
 Hervey, who was facrift in the time of the fame abbot, re- 
 covered for the monaftery feme lands of Thomas Noel ', of 
 Haufted. Monaft. Ang. V. I. p. 300. 
 
 ' This Thomas was probably the principal lord of the villnge : for we h^ve 
 already feen in the lill of the patrons of the redory, that i Henry II. the abbot 
 and convent releafed to Thomas Noel and his heirs, the advowlbn of the church 
 of Haulledc. 
 
 5 About
 
 So HISTORY AND A N T I (VU I T I E S [Chap. in. 
 
 About this time, a family, as was common, took its name 
 from the place : and in the rcigu of king Stephen, Ralph de 
 Halftede and Roger his brother, gave the abbot an opportunity 
 of carrying a point of great confequence from the crown. The 
 llory is thus related, William Martellthe king's fewer, attended 
 by many prelates, barons, and others, and litting in his feat 
 of juftice, in the bhliop's garden, at Norwich; two courtiers 
 (duo curiales) Jordan de Blofieville, and Richard de Waldan, 
 produced a young man, named Herbert, who was ready to prove 
 to the court, that he ferved Robert Fitz Gilbert in the army, 
 when the king led his forces againft Bedford, at that time in 
 the poiTeffion of his enemies, and that Robert and Adam de 
 Horning(herth had difcourfe with Ralph de Halflede and Roger 
 his brother (who had come privately out of the town, and 
 changed their horfes, lliields, and faddles) about betraying, and 
 murdering the king. They therefore demanded, in the king's 
 name, that the caufe might be heard, and juRice done. Upon 
 this, Ording the abbot, who was prefent, Hood up, and ha- 
 rangued the court, informing them, that the accufed brothers 
 were within the liberty of St. Edmund, and therefore amena.ble 
 only to him. This privilege was difcuffed at large : and the 
 abbot clbabliQied his claim, by the determination of the court, 
 and confirmation of the king. MS. C. '. 
 
 The above Ralph held here of the abbot one carrucate and a 
 half of land, and two borderers, as appears among the records 
 of abbot Baldwyn. MS, C. 
 
 Of this family was probably John de Hawfled, who, i Edw. 
 II. obtained a grant to himfelf and the heirs of his body, (if 
 the manor of Deuiliangre com. Northamp. with certain lands 
 
 ' At the end is this note: Et fciend. quod ifta cronica prcfcripta clare parct 
 n Pfiiterio capelle dni ab"bis urualitcr jatente coram codcLr. Records of various 
 kinds were often bound up with facred books. See Bib, Top. Bnt. N° XX. p. 45. 
 
 in
 
 Chap. III.] O F H A W S T l; D. 8i 
 
 ill Whittlewood, and divers other lands in the faid county, and 
 II Edward JI. was in the wars of Scotland. 15 Edward II. he 
 had the [^caftle and honour of Clare, co. Suff. committed to 
 his charge; and i Edward III. was made feneichal of Galcoine. 
 Moreover, 4 Edward III. in confideration of his fervices done, 
 and to he done, he ohtained a grant of 300 marks flerling to 
 be paid annually during his life, out of the cuftoms of Bourdeaux. 
 He had fummons to parliament 6, 8, 9 Edward III. but never 
 after '. 
 
 Abbot Sampfon (who prefided from 1192 to 1211), and the 
 convent, granted to Robert the fon of Ralph de Halftede, and 
 his heirs, a meadow in Halftede belonging to HorningQierth 
 Hall, and lying between the great road to Clare and the pond 
 near the mill of the faid Robert, to be holden by the free fervice 
 of paying lis. annually to Horningflierth-Hall \ 
 
 The faid Robert had one knight's fee in Haulliede, and half a 
 one in Brockley. 
 
 Abbot Sampfon, and the convent, granted and confirmed to 
 Thomas the fon of Robert Noel and his heirs, all the land which 
 Galfrid the Sacrift held in Halftede, by the fervice of paying 
 yearly xlj. K Thefe were doubtlefs the lands which Henry I. 
 gave for the fervice of the altar ; which Hervey the Sacrift 
 recovered of Noel for the monaftery ; and which Noel was 
 now glad to redeem by this annuity. This annuity continued, I 
 believe, to be paid till the Diflblution ; and was fometimes applied 
 to its original purpofe; for in the account of the bailiff" of the 
 manor, 7 Henry V. xls. were faid to be paid to the Sacrift, for 
 finding wine to celebrate maffes in the monaftery. The next 
 year for buying wax candles for the high altar. 
 
 ' Dugd. Bar. V. II. p. 126. 
 ' Harl. MSS. 639. p. 7. 
 ' Ibid. p. 4. 
 
 M The
 
 82 HISTORY AND A N T I Q.U I T I E S [Chap. III. 
 
 The faid abbot and convent confirmed alio to the faid Thomas 
 and his heirs all the focage which Wilham the fon of Ailbold, 
 and Walter the fon of the faid William, and uncle of the faid 
 Thomas, held in tJalllede and EfFelde ', and all the land which 
 they held in Bury St. Edmund's, by the fervice of paying an- 
 nually to the rteward of the hunch-ed of Thingo xviijd. This 
 Thomas held alfo lands in Dickleburgh in Norfolk, of the abbot 
 and convent, by the fervice of finding a horfe of x s. value, for 
 the king's army, when he went into Wales, at the expence of 
 the abbot and convent ". 
 
 A fine was levied 21 Henry III. l)etwecn Richard le Chanoyne, 
 petent, and John Noel, tenent, of 3 carrucates of land in flau- 
 Ifede, the right of John. 
 
 A fine was levied 53 Henry III. between Benedid de Haii- 
 ilede, querent, and Galfrid Watlow and Claricia his wife, im- 
 pedients, of a meffuage, and 5 7 acres of land in Haufi:ede, the 
 right of Benediif. 
 
 A fine was levied the fame year, between Henry de Stanton, 
 querent, and Walter de Stanton, deforciant, of i meffuage, 24 
 acres of land, and i acre of wood, with their appurtenances, in 
 Haufiede, the right of Henry, who granted them to Walter for 
 his life. 
 
 The earlieft principal lords of the village that are fpecified as 
 fuch in records, are the family of Eustace, or Fitz Eustack. 
 The firfl record in my pofieffion that mentions them is dated 
 the laft year of Henry III. and as it has j^referved alfo a |)oint 
 of law, though happily now for us nothing more than a 
 matter of curiofity, I fliall give it in the language of the 
 , oris;inal. 
 
 ' I know not what place this means. 
 ' llarl. MSS. 639, p. 7, 8. 
 
 Henrlcus,
 
 Chap. III. J O F M A W S T E D. 83 
 
 Henricus, Dei gratia, &c. Diledo clerico fuo maglllro llichnrdo Ciirtord, 
 cfcaetori fuo cicra Trcntam, falinem. Cum nos clamavinms cunodiam oiT.niuni 
 teri-aiLim et tenementonim que fucriint Eiiflachii filii Thome nupcr dchincti ad 
 nos pertincre, pro eo quod idem Liullacliius nianerium de Cafewyk cum pertir.en-.iis 
 tenuic de nobis in capite. Ec ballivi dileiti nobis in Clirifto abbatis ds Sancto 
 Edmundo ad nos et confilium n&flrum acceflerunr, ex parte predidi abbaiis, et 
 nobis intimarunt quod cuftodia mancrii de Haljlcd^ quod tuit p.redidi Eudachi!, 
 et quod eft de feodo ipfius abbatis, prope viliam Saiifli Edmundi, ad ipluin 
 abbatem, et non ad nos, pcrLinet, co quod prcdifium manerium de Cakvvyk, quod 
 predidus Euftachius de nobis tenuit in capite, eil. de Baronia de Cokes, que fuit 
 efcaeta noftra, et non de corpore corone nol\re : et in magna carta noftra coniinetur, 
 quod cuftodia terrarum que funt de feodo aliorum habere non debemus occafione 
 alicujus Baronie, autalicujus partis ejufdem que fuic efcaeta noftra. Cum rotulos 
 fcaccarii noltri fcrutari fecimus, et fcrutatis rotulis eifdem invenimus, quod pre- 
 diftum manerium de Cafewyk eft de Baronia de Chokes que fuit efcaeta noftra, ficut 
 ballivi predifti abbatis afferunt, et non de corpore corone noftre. Et vidiaius, quod 
 per predidtum manerium de Cafewyk, ex caufa predifta, non pofiumus cuftodiam 
 prediai manerii de Halftcde quod eft de feodo predifti abbatis habere, ac _fi idem 
 manerium de Cafewyk effct de corona noftra. Nolentes predi£to abbati fuper 
 detencione predifti manerii de Halftede injuriare, vobis mandamus, quod cuftodiam 
 ejufdem manerii de Halftede, cum pertinentiis, predido abbati, tanquam domino 
 feodi illius, vel fuis ballivis, ad opus ejufdem abbatis liberetis habendum ufque 
 ad legitimam etatem heredum Euftachii predidti. Tefte meiplo apud. Weftm. xxiij 
 die IViaij, anno regni noftri lvi°. ' 
 
 From the above record it appears, that this family had other 
 pofleffions befides thofe at Hawfted, which latter it is probable 
 they acquired by Thomas Fitz Euftace marrying Joane one of 
 the daughters of Thomas Noel, about 6 Henry III. They had 
 alfo confiderablc property at Gnateiliall, in this county % 
 
 The abbot having thus his claim allowed him, immediately 
 let the manor of Hauftede, and advowfon of the church, during 
 the minority, to William Clifford, probably a relation of the 
 Efcheator's, for xx pounds fterling, paid in hand. The witneffes 
 to this agreement were William de Swyneford, Robert de Hoo, 
 John de Saint Clare, Thomas de Ickworth, Knights, William de 
 Walpole, Robert de Meleford, Thomas de Helegey, Stephen de 
 Sidolfefmere, Walter Freyfell, and Richard his brother, with 
 others '. 
 
 ■ MS. C. ' MS. C. MS. C. 
 
 M 2 During
 
 84 HISTORY AND ANTI Q^U I T I E S [Chap. III. 
 
 During the minority, the church of Halftedc became vacant; 
 and WilUam CHfford prelented to it, by virtue of the above- 
 mentioned leafe. 
 
 This minority appears to have been as long a one as well 
 could be : for the heir did not come of age till 21 Edward I. 
 as appears In' the following note; which is entitled the Homage 
 for Halftede. 
 
 Memorandum, That Thomas, that is de Liferes Fitz Eufliace of Halftede, did 
 homaiie and fealty to abbot John, for the poffeHions he htld ot the laid abbot in 
 Halftede, in the abbot's chapel at Cheventon ', on the morrow of St. Denys the 
 Martyr, the 21ft year of the reign of Edward the fon of Henry ; VVilliam 'raieniaciie 
 and m.iny other perfons (landing by, and viewing the ceremony. Afierwards the 
 faid Thomas was diftrained for the fine payable to the abbot; upon whith he went 
 to the faid abbot at Elmefwell, upon the vigil of St. Tiiomas the Apoflle, the 
 beginning of Z2 Edw. demanding remedy in that bchnjf. Afterwards the laid 
 Thomas acknowledged at the fame place, in the preience of Robert de Glemesford, 
 Nicholas de CrelTingham, Henry Bakun, Robert de Norwold, Roger de Wclefham, 
 and many others, that he claimed to hold all his pofieflions in Halftede of the 
 abbot, upon which account he had been in the wardfliip of abbot Simon his pre- 
 decefibr ; which wardlhip the faid abbot recovered from the king, and let to 
 William Clifford. By virtue of which, the faid William, during the wardlhip, 
 prefented a certain clerk of his to the church of Halftede, who was accordingly 
 admitted to it, and continued in it a long fpace of time, upon pretext that the laid 
 abbot had lealed to him, the laid William, the wardfliip of his the faid Thomas's 
 perfon, and all his lands and tenements with their appurtenances. And as it was 
 found that the faid Thomas had been in fuch wardfliip, the abbot dilcharged him 
 from the fine, and the diftrefs which had been fuftered on that account ^. 
 
 During the above minority, namely, 14 Edw. I. a furvey was 
 taken of this village am.ong others, when Solomon de Hoif and 
 his aiTociates, itinerant jurtices, made the circuit of this county. 
 This furvey is long and minute ; but its very minutenefs fur- 
 niOies fo many llriking particulars, that I fliall tranfcribe it 
 entire. 
 
 • A village about 6 miles from Bury, given by Vv'iiliam the Conqueror to the monaftery. Here, 
 fs alfo at tlmfwell, about 6 miles from Bury, the abbot had a feat, as he had likfwile at other placesj 
 Upon the vilitation of the abbey, previous to its Diifolution, one of the few charges agairai cte 
 abbot was, that he fpent too much of his time at his country hoiiles. 
 
 * MS, C. 
 
 Hauftede.
 
 Chap. III.] OF H A W S T E D. C5 
 
 Haufledc. T'homas Film Euf.acii ' canirali? dns ciufdem vi!!e tenet 1 n-»eiT. cc 
 
 et XI. a. terre, x a. prati, ct x j. bofci, unum molcndiniirn ' ventr. cum JibertJte 
 
 faldc ^ apr. et verr. ■* cum advoc. ecclie ejufdem vilie de abbate Sci. Edini, cc 
 
 f'acit hundrci.iode 'I hingho p.o i'e et tenentibiis fjbtcriptis unum I'eftam de iij Icp- 
 
 timanis in iij reptimaius % et xxx d, per ann. ballivo ejulcem hundrcdi, et ad 
 
 fcretrum Sci Kdmi xi.s. per ann. et idem abbas tenet de dno rcge in Ciipiie. 
 
 Idem Thomas tenet de codem abbare per predida fervicia ^'^ a. terre, quas villani 
 
 fui de eo tenent cum fuis mcdf. C.ilfridus Freman tenet de roUm Tnoma i meC 
 
 et XX a. terre cum pert, pro ijs. per ann. hcres Johannis del Bftk: tenet de codem 
 
 I mtd'. et iij a. terre pio i;jd. per ann. Johannes Ccc tenet 1 mrlT. lij a. terre et 
 
 iij rodas terre, viz. mefl'. ei iij a. de pred. Thoma et iij rodas de Robirto le Ros pro 
 
 iiijd. et idem R. de prcd. abbate. Radti'phus Carpenter tenet ij mefl". et vij a 
 
 lerre, viz. i mefl". ec vj. a. terre de eodem Tlioma pro iiijd. oh. per ann. et 1 mefi. 
 
 et I a. terre de Roberto le Ros, tt ille P>.. de pred. Thoma. 'Thomas k Bari tenet 
 
 I meflT. de eodem Tlioma, et i a. terre pro vd. per ann. Robettiu Bernard tenet 
 
 de eodem Thoma i mtff. et ix a. terre, 1 a. prati pro /xd. per ann. Galfiidus 
 
 de Areford ten-2i 1 mcfT. et 1 a. icrie de eodem Thoma pro vj d. ptr ann. Rcidtdphe^s 
 
 Upholder tenet i meiL de eodem pro iiijd. per ann. Eiitelyn tenet i melL vij a rcrrc 
 
 et j rodam terre, viz. vij a. terre de eodem Thoma, pro iuj s. per ann. ct i mclf. 
 
 et I rodam terre de Riberto de Beylhcjn pro iij d. et ille de predido Thoma. Johannes 
 
 de Genen tenet v. a. cie VVillicbno Idcmache pro i libra cimini % et ille de pred. 
 
 abbate. IVillielmus 
 
 ' At Gnatfliale, '.vhere he h.nd property, lie wns called Ji.uf:ace de Haujldle. 
 
 * A rorn-miU was a common appendage of a manor. Soinetiraes the tenants were obliged to grind 
 at that and no other. See Uugdale's U ar^v. p. 668. So the o!d anchor ot jur-i.t;.t»'^f, gentrally 
 printed with Fitzhcrbert's huihanJry, fa)"s, it is to the moll part ciifiom of the tenants to grind thiir 
 C(/rn at the lord's miWi, and that as me fecmeth, ail inch corn as groweth upon the lord's ground, 
 that they I'pend in iheir hcuies. — And if they gr nd not their corn at the lords niiln, the lord may 
 ' amerce them in his court ; or e fe he niav iue them at the corninon law, de IciSa molendini tacienda. 
 Chap. IX. 1 am informed, it is llill fo at Manchefter. 
 
 ■* When lords of manors granted parcels of lands to their dependants, they oftf n referved fo them- 
 felves the exclufive pii\ilege of having a flieepfold ; fo that the little tenants could not fold their own 
 (lieep on their own land, but were obliged to let them be folded with thole of the lord, or pay a 
 line. This was enriching the lord's domains ; but a moft cruel t mpoveriflm.ent of the lands of his 
 villans. 
 
 ■* How the Aper and Veires efltntially differed, I cannot fay ; but it may be worth remrrking, that 
 in all the villages in ihis iurvey, where the lord had the libertv of f; Id, he is laid to ha\e that alio 
 /*pri et X'erris : whereas, v.hen the liberty of fold did not belong to him (as it frequently- did not) 
 then he had, Libeitatem Tauri et Apri, or liberum 1 aurum et Apruni. The nature of this pri- 
 v.kge, .ind its vexatioiiinels to the village in general, appears from the following verdlrt preieived 
 by 'Ihoroton, in his Hift. of Nott. p. 42 — 13 Ldw. I. the jury found that J B. quondam hufband 
 of i\jaud, had his Bull a>iit Bic at Keiuorih, free to go and eal m tht cnr>i^ mtui'nivi, or ahy other pia<:e 
 in tht laid ti"wn, where he wo'jld. And that it was, as the laid Maud alledj^ed, in her anfwer, by 
 reafon of th; tei enicnts ai^d ad^owfon of the church in the faid tow n. in which flie was at that tin e 
 enc'owed. Therefore Tho. de Pv. who had taken and empoui.dcd her bull, becaule he eat cf his 
 - corn, ua< ■n 'iftiic, rdia, at her mercy. 
 
 * I'ht d in J fuit at the hundred court every three weeks was a verv troublefome feivice : many 
 vho he_d of the abbot did it only twice a year, at Michaelmas and Chrillmas. 
 
 ' Cummin is a warm aionatic feed, ufed by ot:r ancedors f<r many medicinal purpofes ; perhaps 
 alio for the prciervation ol tbeir pigeons, whicii are fo remarkably fond of it, that to this da-, , a cake 
 
 well
 
 86 HISTORY AND A N T I Q^U I T I E S [Chap. III. 
 
 IFUlidmus Talcmache tenet i mefT. cc j^J^, a. terre, x:j a. ptati, xxiiij a. bofci, 
 
 I tnolend. ventr. cum Hbertate falde, Apr. et Verr. de abbare Sci. Edin'i pro uno 
 
 feodo militis ', et tacit pro le et tenentibus luis i fed. ad hund. de Thinglio de 
 
 iij feprimanis in iij feptimanas, et ballivo ejufdeni hund. xij d. per ann. et ad ward. 
 
 Caftelli Norwic. ad tinem xx feptiman. iij s. ct idem de 'dno rcgc. idem W. tenet de 
 
 eodem abbatc xxxij a. terre per pred. fervic. quas villani fui de eo tenent com fuis 
 
 ir.efT. !\Ubil Gyinel tenet de eodem Willielmo i mefl". et ij a. terre pro ij s. per ann. 
 
 Pbilippus Noel - tenet i melT. f^f^ a. terre, iiij a. prati, vij a. boici ab eodem abbate 
 
 pro xvijd. per ann. et S\. ie<5t. hund de Thingho; et xl a. terre de Tboma Fil. 
 
 Eiifiac. pro xij d. per ann. et ille Thomas de pred. abbate, et ilie ut fupra. Waltenis 
 
 de Stanton tenet i mefT. j^f, a. terre, iij a prati et palUre, i a. bofci de eodem 
 
 abbate pro xvij d. per ann. et d'i. feft. hundredo de Thingho, et ille abbas ut fupra. 
 
 Robertus de Ros tenet i mefT. lvi a. terre, iij a. prati, v. a. bofci, viz. mefT. pred. 
 
 et XL a. terre, bofcum, et pratum pred. de pred. Thsma Fil. Eujlacii pro xvij d. per 
 
 ann. et ille Thomas de pred. abbate, et idem de rege, et xij a. terre de Edmiindo 
 
 de Welnethdm pro i d. per ann. et d'i lib. piperis % et idem E. de abbate, et ille ut 
 
 fupra ; et V a. terre de Robei-to de Beylham pro ob. per ann. et idem R. de Qilberlo 
 
 del Have, et ille G. de abbate, et ille ut iupra. Adam de Denham tenet i meir. 
 
 de eodem pro vj d. per ann. Eawardus Bercarius tenet i mcfl". pro vij d. per ann. 
 
 Jgnes de B'^Jfo tenet i melT. pro vj d. Johannes Cobbe i melf. ij a. terre pro xxx d. 
 
 Ifabella fiha R'lcardi i meff, pro xxij d. per ann. Pbilippus Childe i mefi". pro xijd. 
 
 Wdlielmus ael Dam i mefT. pro xijd. Johannes k Ho-ze i mefl". ijd. Willtehnus de 
 
 Cramaville tenet i mefli'. vij a. terre, vn ^ prati, viij a. bofci, viz. meflT. pred. y^ et 
 
 vj a. terre, bofcum et pratum pred. de pred. abbate pro ixd. per ann. et xxxij d. 
 
 ad ferctrum Sci EdiTii. et unam fcdam hundredo de 1 hingho pro fe et tenentibus 
 
 fuis fubfcriptis ; et ix a. terre de Roberto de Ros pro vjd. per ann. et ille de pred. 
 
 well feafoncd with it, is often placed in Dove-houfes. A hod's wife, fays Overbury in his Charaifters, 
 is the cummin feed of his Dove-houle. It was frequently a refcrved lent. 
 
 ' It is not aleertained what quantity of land conllituted a knight's fee,' nor what military fervice 
 was to be performed for it. ft was, however, in confequence of this fee, that Talmache was to 
 pay iij s. every xs weeks for the s^uard of Norwich Caftle. The abbot uied to pay yearly for callle- 
 guard and wait-fee xvj I. iij s. iiij d. ; for his eight hundreds and a half vj I. xiij s. iiij d. rent, which he 
 coHefted of the tenaiits that Field the fees of him, every twenty weeks. Blomefield's Hift. Norf. 
 V. II. p. 575. The manor is fliU charged with this outgoing, which is now called " a feodary, or 
 " callle guard rent, due to his majelly ; ' and paid at the end of every five terms, reckoning twenty 
 weeks to a term, iij s. each term : befides i s. viij d. acquittance. This tax was formerly called 
 vvar/jen'!!, that is, waidpenny, and was confirmed to the abbot for the eii^ht hundreds and a half 
 by king John. 
 
 • Spelled alio about this time A''». //; afterwards A'uuc//. His defcendnnts had fome property or 
 claim here longer perhaps than thofe of any recorded in this furvey ; for b Henrv VIII. yi»«fj Aotiv//, 
 of Hylcote in btafiordrtiire, gentleman, gave up all his title and claim to all the lands, &;c. which his 
 anceltors held in Handed. 
 
 ' Pepper has been at ?l\ times of the greatell ufe in the kitchen ; but how it came to be fo often 
 paid in part of rent, 1 cannot well guefs. It was not like thofe plcafing and uncoflly acknowledge- 
 ments of a rofe or gilliflower ; but being a foreign pioduftion, muft have been bought by the ten.uit, 
 and might full as well have been procured by the loid. 
 
 Our anceftors were \ ery fond of Ipices, and imported fome of the more valuable kinds of them 
 foon after the Conquert : they doubtlefs found them necefl'ary for digelling the grols food that made 
 part of tlicir meals, A porpeffe, I fliould luppofe, lequired a good dole ol Italonin 
 
 3 abbate :
 
 Chap. III.] OF H A \V S T E D. Sy 
 
 abbate: et vij a. terre de Philipj-o Noel, pro ijs. et idem de abbate; ct xvj a. cic 
 Joha}itie Bolax pro vj d. et idem J. (k pred abbate i ct abbas (!e dm) rege. Willielwtis 
 Atieijjcnt tenet i mcfT. et dim a. terre pro xij d. per ann. Johcunes de Brcris ' v a. [;ro 
 vd. p;rann. Galfridus Caiclot i mefT. pro vjd. Walterus le Holder i nitfT. pro i ob. 
 Thomas Mcrcalor i mefT. pro vj d. Johannes Cott \ nielT. pro viijd. per ann. Wilhebaus 
 Bercarins ^ ij a. terre pro ijd. per ann. Johannes de Beylham tenet i mefl'. lij a. 
 terre, iij a. bofci, ij prati, viz. mefl". et xxx a. terre, ij a. et di. bofci, \ a. 
 prati de abbate Sci Ediiii pro ixd. per ann. et quarta parte i ie<5l. ad hund. de 
 Thingo. Item iij a. de Wiliielmo Talen ache pro xii j d. et idem W. de pred. 
 abbate : et xij a. terre et di a. bofci de Bctro de Gyniel pro ob. per ann. et idem P. 
 de abbate. et v a. de Rogero de Exnynge pro id. per ann. et illc de abbate : et ij a. 
 terre, i a. bofci et i a. bofci et i a. prati de Scmano de Haufiede, et idem S. de 
 abbate, et abbas de ci'no rege. Beuedidus de Haufiede tenet i mefi". et xv a. terre 
 Gum pert. viz. meff. et v a. de pred. abbate pro v d. et ij buff, avene : et v a. terre 
 de Thoma fil. Eulbc. pro ij s. 7 d. ob. et ille de abbate ; et iij a. et di de Roberto 
 dc Ros pro ijd. et ille de pred. Thoma, et ille de abbate : et i a. ct di de Wiliielmo 
 'Tatemache pro ijd. et iUe de abbate, et abbas de rege. Johannes Filius Vp'akelyn tenet 
 I meff. et ix a. terre cum pert. viz. meff. et v a. terre de pred. abbate pro iij d. per 
 ann. et i buff, avene: et jj a. de Roberto de Beylham pro vijd. per ann. et i a. 
 de Wiliielmo Talemache pro vd. per ann. et i a. de Thoma fil. Eullac. pro vjd. 
 per ann. et i!Ie de abhate, et abbas de rege, Nicholaus /ddred ^ tenet i meff. xviij a. 
 terre, i a. prati de pred. abbate pro viij d. per ann. et i buff, avene. Sakman Childe 
 tenet 1 meff. de eodem N. pro vj d. per ann. Mam Aldred tenet i meff. et xviij a. 
 terre, viz. de abbate meff. et xv a. terre cum pert, pro vd. per ann. ct i buff, 
 avene; et iij a. de Calfrido Filio OJherti pio ijd. et ille de abbate. Matilda Cobb 
 tenet ij a. terre de eodem Adam pro. iiij d. Joanna de Wramplingham tenet i meff. 
 de abbate pro vd. ct ij buff, avene per ann. Johannes le Hore tenet i meff. et iiij a. 
 terre de pred. abbate pro iij d. ob. per ann. et ij buff, avene. Rogerus de Jankcjle 
 tenet i meff, et i a. terre de eodem abbate pro i d. ob per ann, Johannes Carpenter 
 tenet 1 meff, ij a. tene de eodem abbate pro xijd. per ann. Thomai Fdius Ofbcrti 
 tenet viij a. ttrre pro ij d. per ann. de abbate. Johannes de Chevcnton tenet i meff.- 
 XV a. terre, iiij a, bofci de pred. abbate pro ixd. per ann, Henrlcus Filius Nieholai 
 ct Richardus filius ejus tenet i meff, xv a, terre, iiij a, bofci de eodem abbate pro 
 ixd. per ann. hogcrus de Manewode tenet i meff. et xv a. terre, viz, uiefl. et 
 vij a. de Edmundo de Welnetham pro xiij d, et i fumma * avene : et ij a. de Semano 
 de Haufiede pro i) d. per ann. et ille de pred. E. et ille de abbate ; et ij a. terre 
 de Thoma fil. Eullac. pro iiij d. per ann, et ij a. terre de Johanne del Broke pro 
 id, etillej.de pred. Thoma, et ille de ihbAKc.cx.\] z. de Hofpitali Sandi Johannis 
 de Batisford ^ pro iiijd. in perpctuam elemofinam. Johannes Ellyctt tenet i meff. 
 
 ' Afterwards Bryars. F>ryar''s luood to this da_v. 
 
 * Shepherd. Hence Barker ; a name fiill extant here. 
 
 ^ This is one of the few Saxon names that occur in this lift, EldreJ, its corruption, ftill remains in 
 the neighbourhood. 
 
 '• Siimma is 8 !)uil;6ls, or a cjnarter, 
 
 » In this county. This hoipital, upon the DilTblution, was granted to the Grefliani family : and the 
 timber-work of the original Royal Exchange is laid to have been lawn out, and trained in this 
 panlh. 
 
 et
 
 83 f I J S T O R Y AND ANTIQUITIES [Chap. HI. 
 
 et V 3. et 3\ tfrie. viz. mcfT. et Ij a. et cfi terre de Willielmo dc Cramavill pro ij d. 
 per arm. ct ille -de abbate ■, et i) a. tcrre de Roberto de Ros pro v d. per ami. et ille 
 tie abbate ; et i a. de Calfrido Freeman pro i d. per ann. et idem G. de Tkoma Fil. 
 Eiiflar. et ille de abbate, et idem abbas totum hoc de 3no rese. Bernardus tenet 
 1 mefl. et lij a. rerre, viz. mcff. et^i a. de Edmundo de Welfxtham pro ijd per ann. 
 et ij a. tcrre de Willielmo 1'alemache pro vjljd. per ann. et il!i de abbate uc luper. 
 (jalfiidm Filius Ojljerti lenex. i meff. et xlj a. terre, viz. mefT. et viij. a. pro ijd. 
 q. per ann. de abbuce, et ij a. de Semano de llaujlcde pro iiijd. per ann. et i a. de 
 'Johanne liolax j)ro ob. per ann. <t ille de abbate. Williel/iius Bercarius tenet v. a. 
 tcrre et Si. viz. de Willieliiw Cramavill ij a. pro ij d. ij a. et di de Roberto de Belcham 
 pFO ijd. cb. et I a. de Mabil Gymel et Roberto de Ros pro id. et ilii de abbate. ' 
 yiiicui furor tiuldcm W. tenet i mefl'. i a. et i rodaui terre de abbate pro r d. ob. 
 per ann. Idayne tenet i mefl". ij a. et di terre, viz. mefl'. de Willielmo Cramavill pro 
 xd. per ann. et pred. terram de Galfrido Fil. Ojherto pro i d. ob. et illi de abbate, 
 Willielmus Packet tenet i meflT. et di a. terre dc Edmundo de Welnetham pro xijd. per 
 ann. Heredes Thome Parmeniar ^ tenent i mefl". viij a. terre, viz. meff. et vj. a. de 
 Willielmo Cramavill pro vjs. et ij a. de Roberto de Beylbam, et de Semano pro ijd. 
 per ann. et i!Ii de abbate. Semanus de Ojmundisjclde tenet i meflT. xxvij a. terre, ij a. 
 bofci et iij a. prati de abbate Sci Ldmi pro xviij d. per ann. Ricardus de Saxbam 
 tenet i mefl". ^^f^ xiij a. terre cum pertin. viz. xxvij a. de pred. abbate pro xxd. 
 per ann. et xx a. de Willielnio de Cramavill pro vj d. et ix a. et di de Roberto de 
 Be'ilham pro viij d. et v. a. et di de Semano, pro iij d. et iij a. de Galfrido Filio Ojherti 
 pro id. et I a. de Willielmo Alderman pro i d. et dc Roberto Breris et Galfrido Fre- 
 man v a. pro vd. et de fohanne Elyett iij a. pro i d. item i mefl", et xv a. terre de 
 Edmundo de Weltbnetham pro ij s. iiijd. et iij bufl". avenc per ann. et iij a. et 3i. 
 de Rogero de Mancwode et Jfabella le Ros pro iij d. et totum hoc de abbate pred. ^, 
 
 The above detail exhibits a pidure of this village very dif- 
 ferent from what fome may have expedted. It has been thought, 
 that thefe parts of the country, fo favourable to the production of 
 trees, were fome centuries ago over-run with wood; and that our 
 forefathers lived furrounded and almoft fuffocated with thickets 
 and forefts. Whereas we fee by this account, that the whole 
 quantity of wood here was but 68 acres. It is probable, indeed, 
 that the hedges and borders of the fields were at this time fur- 
 niflied with timber-trees, and other wood, as we fhall fee they 
 afterwards were. Even two centuries before this, when Domef- 
 
 ' Parchment maker. * MS. C. 
 
 day-
 
 Chap. III.] OF HAWSTED. 89 
 
 day-book was drawn up, the quantity of wood here could not 
 have been confiderable. There was then faid to be, *' Sylva de in 
 «* Pore." or wood fufficient to yield maft for the fupport of three 
 Hogs. What precife quantity of v/ood was fuppofed neceflary 
 for that purpofe, is not eafy to fay : but we may fafely conclude, 
 it bore a very fmall proportion to the contents of the lands in 
 the village '. 
 
 The prodigious quantity of arable land is a circumflance not 
 a little remarkable. Almoft the whole village was under the 
 plough ; for there were between 1 3 and 1 4 hundred acres of 
 arable land, and only 45 of meadow. But this confideration 
 will meet us again under the article of agriculture. In the mean 
 time it may not be amifs to obferve, that the above numbers of 
 acres are by computation ; for it was not till about 1 7 years after 
 this, namely, 31 Edw. I. that the quantity of an acre was fettled 
 by law ; and this is the reafon, that in this furvey, the village 
 is reprefented as containing lefs land by a fourth part than* it 
 aftually does, fmce its acres were meafured by ftatute. In like 
 manner, to this day, where miles are computed, they are always 
 longer than thofe that are meafured. Why computation fhould 
 thus exceed menfuration, I pretend not to determine. 
 
 The populoufnefs of this village at fo remote a period is ano- 
 ther circumftance worth obferving. There were no lefs than 50 
 meflliages or houfes. At this day there are but 52; 12 of 
 which are divided into 2, and 3 into 3 parts, or tenements, con- 
 taining in all 70 famili-es, and 415 perfons. If therefore the 
 houfes were as well flocked with inhabitants as they are now, 
 the place muft have been nearly as populous as it is at prefent. 
 
 ' The author of N° VI. of Bib. Top. Brit, thinks, that the word pore, in 
 Domefday fometimes means not hogs, but porcaries, or certain number of hogs, 
 p. 46. Perhaps that enlarged fenfe of the term may be applicajlc in the prel'enc 
 indance. 
 
 N Fifty
 
 9© HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. III. 
 
 Fifty-feven perfons are fpecified as holding land or houfes ; and 
 there might perhaps be more ; for when the acres holden by 
 villans come to be diftin<5tly enumerated, they fall fhort of the 
 grofs numbers faid to be fo holden ; fo that perhaps fome of 
 thofe occupiers may by fome miilake have been omitted. The 
 <lomeftics alio of the lords of the two manors were certainly 
 numerous, and ought to be reckoned among the inhabitants^ 
 though they held neither lands nor houfes. 
 
 It is not perfectly eafy to account for this jx>puloufnefs, 
 which was not national. It prevailed alfo, I obferve, among 
 the neighbouring villages. Perhaps the abbatial government 
 might be favourable to it. The eccleliaftics were mild and 
 indulgent landlords : their courts, where their tenants were tried, 
 were probably lefs arbitrary, than thofe of the great manerial 
 lords; and their dependants lefs likely to be torn from their 
 homes and families, than thofe of the warlike barons. For thefe 
 caufes, it is likely, the villages under the jurifdidion and protection 
 of the neighbouring abbey might invite fettlers from other 
 parts, and enjoy a population in general unknown. So I am 
 informed, that in thofe parts of Italy, from which the Jefuits 
 have been expelled, the lands that belonged to that fociety have 
 become worfe tenanted and worfe cultivated than they were before 
 the fuppreflion of thofe Religious. 
 
 Of the above 57 perfons, 43 were occupiers of land, which 
 is nearly double the number of thofe at prefent. This great 
 diffufion of land may at firft fight be thought to have contri- 
 buted to the comfort and plenteous living of the inhabitants ; 
 yet perhaps it did not in faiSt. Seven of the occupiers held two- 
 thirds of the whole ; fo that there were barely 400 acres to be 
 divided among 36 perfons, which is, upon an average, about 
 II acres a man ; but the parcels were very unequally divided. 
 Now a fmall parcel of land, it is well known, is always cultivated 
 
 at
 
 Chap III.] O F H A W S T E D. 91 
 
 at a proportionably much "greater expence than a large one, and , 
 generally in an inferior manner ; fo that no one lives more poorly, 
 or fares more hardly, than a little farmer; while the public is alfo 
 a lofer by his fcanty crops. Befides, moft of the little occupiers 
 ©f old were obliged to do many lervices for their lords, which took 
 up much of their time, and prevented their making the moft of 
 their own fpots. It is probable, therefore, that the occupiers of 
 thefe little patches of land did not live in greater plenty than if 
 they had been day-labourers ; and it is certain, that the village, 
 thus frittered to pieces, produced on the whole lefs corn than if it 
 had been equally divided into 15 or 20 farms. 
 
 By the above furvey, it alfo appears, that there were now two 
 manors in the village. That belonging to Fitz Eviftace was the 
 capital one, and emphatically called the Manor of Hawfted. The 
 Ute of the houfe was probably an irregular fpot, near the prefent 
 LodgBy furrounded with a deep moat, and containing about 2000 
 fquare yards. It is called by fome old people, I know not why, 
 Jews l^ard. The other w^as called afterwards I'almacbe'Sy alias 
 Bokenham's ; and the prefent ftyle of the manor is, the Manor of 
 Hawjied Hall, with Bokenham's. The houfe was afterwards the 
 refidence of the Drurys, and Q'2L\\t(\HazvJled Houfe zndHczvped Place, 
 part of which is ftill ftanding. 
 
 FITZ EUSTACE. 
 
 The father of Thomas, mentioned in the above furvey, died, 
 as we have feen, the laft of Henry III. and was called Eullace Fitz 
 Thomas. He married Johanna la Colvyle, who, under the title of 
 Johanna la Colvyle (for vvidows, efpecially heirefles, often re- 
 fumed their maiden names) with Thomas her fon, prefented Roger 
 Fitz Euftace, probably another of "her fons, to the reftory of 
 Hawfted, 2. Edw. II. The manor did not continue in this family 
 more than two generations after this. For, by the exemplification 
 of a fine, it appears that, 10 Edw. II. Thomas Fitz Euftace and 
 
 N 2 Amicia
 
 92 HISTORY AND ANTICLUITIES [Chap. III. 
 
 Amicia his wife, fettled, after their deceafe, the manors of Hau- 
 ftedcj and Codenham near Boxford, with their appurtenances, 
 upon Robert the fon of the faid Thomas : that Robert died feifed 
 of the manor of Hauftede ; and that Sir John Fitz Euftace, his 
 fon and heir, and Ehzabeth his wife, fold it to William de Mid»- 
 di^ton, and Ifabella his wife, 27 Edw. III. 
 
 The above Thomas and Robert his fon, in the reigns of Edward 
 I. and 111. obtained grants of free warren in the manor of Hauftede. 
 Wc complain, and with reafon, of the feverity of the prefent 
 game laws ; but what fliall we fay of thofe times, when lords 
 were forced to fue to the crown for liberty to kill game on their 
 own manors ? 
 
 MIDDILTON. 
 
 This family was very anciently fituated at Mendham in this 
 county. Sir WilUam, who purchafed this manor, was flierifF of 
 Norfolk, 20 and 25 Edward III. During the lliort time he was lord, 
 namely, 32 Edward III. an extent, or furvey, and valuation of the 
 manor was taken, which contains fome particulars that are worthy 
 of notice. It begins with, " Eft ibidem mejfuagimn edificatuntt 
 " cum tribiis gardinis^ et duobus curtilagiis ad eundem inclufum. 
 " Columbarium. Molendinum quod valet per ann. xls'-" 
 
 Though this fliort defcription of the manlion itfelf conveys no 
 fpecific idea, yet it implies fome excellence of conftrudlion, that 
 had not perhaps been long introduced. It had probably been 
 newly ere6led by Sir William himfelf. Of the elaborate archi- 
 tedture of this reign, even in civil buildings, feveral curious par- 
 ticulars may be colleded from Chaucer's works. 
 
 The houfe was f-urniflied with a pigeon-houfe, three gardens, 
 and two court yards. The luxury of three gardens, at this early 
 
 ' The original, and a copy of it, of a not much later date, are both in my pof- 
 feflion : the latter is of elegant penmanlhip, fome of it written with red ink, that 
 (till retains the utmoll beauty and freflinefs. 
 
 4 period,
 
 Chap 111.] OF H A W S T E D. 
 
 93 
 
 period, miift at firft appear very remarkable, when it is known at 
 how low an ebb horticulture was at the beginning of even the 1 6tli 
 century. In 151 2, the opulent earl of Northumberland, whofe 
 houfehold confilted of 160 perfons, had, I think, but one gar- 
 dener, who attended " hourely in the garden for fetting of erbis, 
 *' and clipping of knottis, and fweping the faid garden clene." 
 Nay, it fhould feem as if fometimes there was not even one ; for 
 among other workmen of the houfehold, as a painter, a joiner^ 
 and a milnar, is mentioned *' the gardener of the place where 
 *' my lord lyeth, // there be oone '." And in 1539, and later, 
 according to Evelyn, cabbages were imported from the 
 Netherlands. The truth is, in the reigns of the firft Edwards, 
 the cultivation of the garden was extended even to the more 
 curious and delicate produ6lions ; but negleded afterwards 
 during the contentions of the houfes of York and Lancailer, when 
 horticulture, as well as the other arts of peace and poUflied life, 
 gave way to the havock and devaluation of civil war; nor did it re- 
 cover to any confiderable degree till the time of Elizabeth. This 
 we learn from the defcription of England prefixed to Holinfiied's 
 Chronicle, publiflied about the middle of the reign of that prin- 
 cefs. The paflTage is fo curious that I cannot forbear tranfcribing 
 it. " Such herbes, fruites, and roots alfo, as grow yeerelie out of 
 " the ground, of feed, have been verie plentifull in this land, in 
 *' the time of the firft Edward ', and after his dales ; but in pro- 
 " ceflTe of time they grew alfo to be neglected ; fo that from Henry 
 " IV. till the latter end of Henry VII. and beginning of Henry VIII. 
 " there was little or no ufe of them in England, but they rcmayned 
 " either unknown, or fuppofed as food more meete for hogs, or 
 " favage beafts, to feed upon, than mankind. Whereas in my 
 " time their ufe is not only refumed among the commons, I mean 
 " of melons, pompions, gourds, cucumbers, radifhes, fkirrcts, parf- 
 
 ' Northumberland Houfehold Book, p. 42. 
 
 * In 1294, great repairs were done to the kitchen garden, and other garden walls 
 belonging to the priory at Dundaple. Annals of Dunftaple. 
 
 " nepa.
 
 94 
 
 II I S T O R Y A N D A N T I Q^U I T I E S [Chap. ill. 
 
 *• neps, carrots, cabbages, navewes, turneps, and all kinds of fallad 
 " herbes ; but alio fed upon as daintie diflies at the tables of de- 
 " licate merchants, gentlemen, and nobilitie, who make their pro-' 
 " vifion yeerlie for new feeds out of ftrange countries, from 
 *' whence they have them abundantlie '." 
 
 It appears alfo from the following items, that tiles were ufed, or 
 made here, at this time ; a refinement not known, even in fome 
 towns, till many years afterwards. The hiftorian of Nottingham 
 informs us, that the firft tiled houfe there was in i 503. " i acr. 
 *' I rode terre cum una dome tegulator. Free. Acr. xii<^." Whether 
 we are to underftand by the barbarous and mutilated yvoY<l tegulator, 
 that the houfe was tiled, or inhabited by tile-makers, it may be dif- 
 ficult to fay, -Siimma valor, dom. tegulator, vil. xiiij. iiii^. may 
 incline one to think the former : yet, in the whole rental, but one 
 houfe is fo defcribed ; ^ndfumma valor, is applied to a fingle ob- 
 jedf, as molendini. In a rental, 15 Henry VII. mention is made 
 oi tyle-houfe fields tyle -houfe grove, tyle leys. 
 
 The lord held in his own hands 572 acres of arable land, 50 of 
 meadow, pafture for 24 cows, 1 2 horfes, and as many oxen, and 
 40 of wood. This was a noble demefne, and may ferve to give an 
 idea of the plenty that muit have reigned in the manfion of the 
 principal perfon of the village above four centuries ago. The pro- 
 portion of arable land to meadow was greatly diminilhed within 
 about 80 years ; for, inftead of being 24 to r , it was now only a 
 little more than 1 1 to i. This was probably owing, partly to the 
 great encouragement which Edward III. gave to ithe woollen ma- 
 nufacture, and partly to his wars, which mull have been inimical 
 to tillage. The confumption of flelh-meat, we may conclude, had 
 now increafed ; and indeed 5 years after this, it was enjoineil by 
 ftatute, that no grooms, or fervants of lords, ihould have fielh or 
 tifli above once a day. 
 
 There feems to have been a park here even earlier than this ; 
 
 ' Holinfhed, p. 208. 
 
 for
 
 Chap. III.] O F H A W S T E D. gs 
 
 for a piece of arable land of 36 acres was called Park f eld. It lay 
 on the welt of the church. 
 
 The principal lord had now begun to extend his property, and 
 engrofs the village. The eftates of Stanton and Noel (now called 
 Nowell) and of others, to the amount of 2 18 acres, had been pur- 
 chafed. 
 
 The pleas and perquifites of the court were worth lxvj. viii^. 
 ^a year. 
 
 There were 32 free tenants (liber e tenentes), 17 of whom per- 
 formed fuit of court every 3 weeks. They paid all together 
 LXiiiJ. nd.', 3 pecks of oats (avene grojje) \ 5^ cocks and hens. 
 The lord had wardfliip and marriage ' of all the heirs under age. 
 Among the names are thofe of John Fylet, whofe name a farm on 
 the eart fide of the green ftill bears. It was early the property of 
 the Rookwoods, and is fo now of their reprefentative, Sir Thomas 
 Rook wood Gage, bart. See Fillet's arms, Plate 3, N"" 7. of Henry 
 Hopper, by whofe name a piece of ground is Itill diltinguiilied ; 
 and of Robert Cuppere, whofe defcendants, now called Cowper, 
 ftill remain here. 
 
 To this manor belonged two nativi, or fervants born of fervile 
 tenants. Their tenures and fervices are fo dill:in£lly enume- 
 rated, that we have a perfe6l idea of their flate and condition. 
 
 Thomas Frame holds i meiTuaQ-e and xxx acres of arable 
 land and pafture at the yearly rent of xxj., to be paid, by 
 equal portions, at Eafter and Michaelmas, and Chriftmas lines', 
 called offring-Jilver, befides i cock and 11 hens, at the fame time. 
 And he fliall mow the lord's meadow 11 11 whole days. And all 
 
 ' When a great man's tenants were his vaflals, and almoft as much his property 
 as the land they cultivated, no one could be lo proper to preferve this connedion 
 and attachment, by the fuitable education and marriage of the minors, as the lord 
 himfelf. But when more civilized manners prevailed, this' privilcre, well enough 
 adapted to a rude and barbarous age, became an ufelefsand intolerable burden. We. 
 can hardly now believe. that it has not been abolifhed much above a century. 
 
 the
 
 96 HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. III. 
 
 the cuftumary ' tenants^ when they mow the lord's meadow 
 fliall have i bufhel of wheat for bread, and vi 6?. for drink ; 
 and one whole day's produce of the manor dairy for cheefe. 
 And he fliall reap viii whole days in autumn-, and fliall 
 have every day a wheaten loaf, xv of which are made of i 
 bulhel of wheat, and ii herrings at nine o'clock, ad nonam *. 
 and he fhall pay, Merchetttum "• et Heriettum '*. And he fliall 
 
 ' The Nativi and Cu/iumarii feem here to mean the fame perfons, however 
 they may in other parts have been diftinguiflied. In the harveft expences of next 
 reign, herrings, &c. were bought for the cuftumary tenants, which are now faid to 
 be provided for the Naiivi. 
 
 - At this time there were but two meals a day ; what was called dinner at 9, 
 and fupper at 5 ; and this plan of life was fuppofed conducive to long life : 
 iever a cinque, diner a neuf, 
 Souper a cinque, coucher a neuf. 
 Fait vivre d'ans nonante et neuf. 
 Recreations hiftoriques, as quoted by Dr. Henry, in his Hiftory of Britain. 
 
 Upon the above authority I have tranflated, ad nonam, at 9 o'clock, which was 
 probably the dining-time of thcfe poor labourers. The ninth hour was ftridtly (ac- 
 cording to the Roman cuftom of beginning the day at 6 in the morning, which our 
 anceftors ufed), 3 in the afternoon, when the Religious on fafting-days were allowed 
 to eat their dinner. Hence nona, or the pch hour, denoted the hour of dinner, at 
 whatever time that repaft was taken." Archasolog. vol. VI. p. 152. 
 
 » This was a fine which the tenant paid upon the marriage of his daughter: 
 fometimes it was paid only when (he married a man of another village; for then the 
 Lord loft a dependant. 
 
 ■♦ A Heiiot was a fine of the beft beaft paid upon the death, or alienation, of a 
 tenant. The origin of which cuftom was this. Anciently, when the tenures were 
 military, and for life only, the arms and war horfe of the tenant, upon his death went, 
 together with the land, to the Lord, being due to him, as having either been pur- 
 chafed out of profit of the land, or originally granted by the Lord for the public 
 defence, and which therefore ftiould revert to him, that he might beftow them 
 on the fucceeding tenant for the like fervice. But when the feud became inheri- 
 table, the reafon of the Heriot ceafed ; and the arms and horfe went to the heir, 
 who Succeeded to the land. Yet in fome manors, the Lord ftill referved this cuf- 
 tom : and though originally the Heriot was the beft horfe -, yet it came in time to 
 be the beft beaft ; for the tenants, to difappoint their lords, would often fell their 
 arms and horles ; and therefore a law was made, that the lord might take the beft 
 beaft in lieu of them : and fo the Heriot came to be eftcemed the beft beaft ever 
 after. And as it arofe by cuftom, or tenure, after the feud became inheritable! 
 hence we find in fome manors, a cuftom of paying it in goods, and in fome, in 
 money. Cunningham's Law Did. 
 
 ferve
 
 Chap. III.] O F H A W S T E D. 97 
 
 lerve the office of head reaper ; and the year he fliall be in 
 that office, he fhall be difcharged of half his rents and fervices : 
 he fliall ahb have meat and drink at the lord's table, if the 
 lord keep houfe ; and if he does not, he Ihall have the fame 
 allowance of corn as a ploughman, and fliall have a horfe 
 Handing in the manor flable, that he may execute any of the 
 lord's bufinefs. His fon may marry without the lord's licence; 
 but his widow may not ' ; and fhe fliall hold during her life 
 the aforefaid tenements ". The faid Thomas holds alfo another 
 meffiiage and xv acres of arable land, for which he pays xii s. 
 a year; nd. at Chriftmas for ofFering-filver, and 11 hens. He 
 fliall alfo mow iiii days, and reap as many, for the lord, for 
 which he fliall have the fame allowances and privileges as before. 
 
 All the reft held their lands by rents and fervices nearly in 
 the fame proportion. The hardefl: terms were thofe impofed 
 on John Paget, who for a meffuage and iii acres paid iiij-. 
 and a hen a year ; mowed xi days, and reaped iiii, for the lord. 
 
 All their rents in money amounted to ciiiij-. iiid. The 
 mowing days were xlii ; reaping days lx ; the offering filver 
 was XVIII ^. befides i cock, and xviii hens. 
 
 Annual outgoings {Reddifus refoluti). 
 
 To the Sacrift of St. Edmund's Bury, 
 
 To the Hundred of Thinghowe, 
 
 To the fame for the Nowel eftate {pro 
 
 tenement "Nowel). 
 To the fame for the Stanton eftate 
 To Nowton Halle for the Nowel eftate, 
 To the fame for the Stanton eftate, 
 
 ' And the reafon was, fhe might marry a man who was an enemy to the lord. 
 " A tenement lignified formerly fometimes what we call an eftate, that includes 
 both houfe and lands. At prefent we call a fingle houfe a tenement. 
 
 O The 
 
 XLJ. 
 
 
 11 J-. in d. 
 
 
 XV lid. 
 
 and fuit. 
 
 XV nd. 
 
 and fuit. 
 
 VIII d. 
 
 
 viiid. 

 
 S8 f] I S T O R Y AND A N T 1 Q.U I T I E S [Chap. III. 
 
 The year after the above furvey was taken, Sir William 
 Middleton ibid the manor, &c. to Sir William de Clopton : but 
 I fiiall poftpone the account of that family, till I have traced the 
 Talmaches and Bokenhams, who were lords of the other manor, 
 to their extincflion : foon after wnich event, the Cloptons be- 
 came poUeffed of both. 
 
 Talmach and Bokenham. 
 
 A branch of the family of Talmach were feated in the reign 
 of Edward 1. at Bentley, in this county, whence they removed 
 in the reign of Henry VII. to Helmingham, the prefent refidence 
 .of their reprefentative the earl of Dyfart. They occur alfo very 
 early in this place, as we have already feen by the funeral of the 
 /ady Ceciiia talmach^ 9 Edw. I. Who her hufband was does not 
 appear ; but the expences of her interment imply that the family 
 mull: have been of no little coniideration. In the account of 
 Gilbert dc Melton, one of the executors, mention is made of 
 William I'almacby the other executor, and of John "Talmach. 
 The former was doubtlefs the:perron, whofe property was cou- 
 fiderable here, as well as at Brockley, Rede, and other contiguous 
 villages, 14 Edw. I. when the furvey of this village, before re- 
 cited at length, was taken. He alfo married a lady of the name 
 of Cecilia, and died before 7 Edward II. for then a fine was 
 levied between Cecilia the widow of Sir Wm. Talemach, querent, 
 and Thomas, Parfon of Somerton, and Roger, Parfon of Hauftede, 
 deforciants, of two meffuages and fix carucates of land, with 
 their appurtenances, in Hauftede, Brockleye, Somerton, and 
 Hertherft ; by which the above eftate was fettled on her four 
 fons, John, William, Edmund, and Thomas Talmach, and 
 their heirs, in default of which it was to go to the right heirs 
 of the faid Cecilia. 
 
 The
 
 Chap, III.] OF H A W S T E D. ^'} 
 
 The fee or manor of Talmach feems to have been for feme 
 time out of that family ; for in the Computus of Henry de 
 
 Glemham, Robert de Gifford, — ■ de Rokgwood, Hamon de 
 
 Muckelfeld, and Wilham de Middilton the fherifF, of tb.e aid 
 of XLS. from every knight's fee granted to Edward III. in tiie 
 2 0th year of his reign, for making his eldeft fon ' a knight; 
 Edmund de Wauncy paid xls. for a knight's fee which he and his 
 tenants held in Haurtede of the abbot of Bury, which IViUiam 
 Talmage (for fo the name was fometimes written) formerly held 
 of the faid abbot ^ 
 
 This family began alfo to fell fome of their property to the 
 Cloptons, at the latter end of the reign of Edward IIL or the 
 beginning of that of Richard II. For a deed, 6 Richard II. re- 
 cites, that Sir Wm. Clopton had purchafed lands and tenements 
 in Halfted, Whepfted, Nowton, and Brockley, of Sir Wm. 
 Talmach, and died feifed of them ; upon whofe death, John, 
 fon and heir of the faid Sir Wm. Talmach, entered upon the 
 faid lands, 8cc. and kept Sir W^m. Cloi3ton, fon of Sir Wm. 
 deceafed, out of the poITeffion of them. This affliir was com- 
 promifed, and 16 Richard II. Sir Wm. Clopton releafed to Alice 
 the daughter of Wm. Talmage, and wife of IVm. Bokenham, 
 and her heirs for ever, all his right and claim to the lands, S:c. - 
 in Halfted, Nowton, Horningflieath, and Whepfted, which he 
 had lately purchafed of John Talmage. Witneffes, Vv alter 
 Clopton, chev. John Bures, John Rookwod, Wm. Rookwod, and 
 others ; to this his feal is appendant, fee plate III. W 6. The 
 fame day he releafed the faid Wm. Bokenham and Alice his 
 wife from all actions real and perfonal, W'hich he ever had, or 
 
 This was the Black Prince: and the honour of knighthood was conferred on 
 him, as foon as the army landed in France, the memorable year of the battle of 
 Crefci. 
 
 "- Harl. MSS. 370. p. i. 
 
 O 2 could
 
 ICO HISTORY AND A N T I Q^U I T I E S [Chap. III. 
 
 could have, againd them, from the beghming of the world, to 
 the date of that inftrument. 
 
 Alice Bokenham was dead (as was probably her hufband) 
 before 5 Henry VI. for that year, John Bokenbam her fon and 
 heir was in poflTefTion of the eftate, which Hie had inherited ; 
 and executed a deed to which is appendant his feal, that bears 
 a frett, which was his own paternal arms, as well as of his 
 mother. See the plate, N° 8. He lived not long after; and 
 what is fomething uncommon, wa? fucceeded by a brother of 
 both his names, as appears by the following extra6t from a deed 
 dated 1 1 Henry VI. 
 
 Omnibus Chrifti fidelibus, &c. Gilbertus Mylde perfona ecclefie de HauHede, 
 Johannes Woodward, &c. lalutem. Noveritis nos predift. Gilb. &c. remifiiTe, re- 
 laxaffe, &c. Johimni Bckenham de Hauilede totiiin jus nollrum clameum que unquam 
 habuimus in uno tenemento cum fuis pert, in villis de Haudede, &c. quod nuper 
 habuimus ex dono et feoffamento Johannis Bokenbam fenioris, fratris prediHi Jo- 
 hann'n Bokenbam. 
 
 The fame year, he did homage for his lands here, as appears 
 by the following certificate: 
 
 Hec indentura faifta inter Willielmum abbatem de monafterio Sanfli Edmundi ex 
 parte una, et Johannem Bukynham de Hawfled ex altera, teftatur, quod idem 
 Johannes fecit homagium difto abbati, in magna camera manerii fui de Elmfwell, 
 pro terris et tenementis que clamat tenere de didlo abbate in villa de Hawiled pre- 
 dicta in com. Suff. et Iblvit feodum camerario. In cujus rei teftimonium his in- 
 denturis partes predifle figilla fua akernatim appofuerunt. Hiis teftibus, Willielmo 
 Wytlyfeye, Adam Bury, Theodorico Hertford, monachis; Johanne Croftys, Thoma 
 Peyton, et Willielmo Berdwell, armigeris. Datum apud Elmfwell predidl. vicefimo 
 primodie rtienfis Januarii, anno regni regis Henrici VI'' poft conqueftum undecimo. 
 
 The feal of William Curteys the abbot, of red wax, is ap- 
 pendant to it, and charged with the reprefentation of the flory 
 of St. Edmund's head being found by a wolf. The fame legend 
 is alfo alluded to in the feal of Clement Denfton. See the plate. 
 
 This John Bokenbam was married the next year (12 Henry 
 VI.) to a woman of the name of -Alice, when he entailed his 
 
 eftate
 
 This Pedigree of the Family of CLOPTON, for the firft Seven Generations, is copied (with a few Additions) from the Harlelan MSS 
 
 It was drawu up by Sir Simonds D'£wes, who married an Heirefs of the Family. 
 Walteeus dc Cloptok, filiui Win. dc Clopton, vixit.uti colligo, Ttmp. Ric. I. 
 WiLl.Jiit.Mus dc Clopton feodum fuum habuit in Witkham Brtok, com Suff. 43 Hen. In. 
 
 "•.1','»5| "■'"'"" "="'=r"''*'-''""' ■'' Clopton, funinionltub=i=Imia filia & hare. 
 '"■"•'"""£"""• . conlraScotos i5Ed«., I. ; deWeWond 
 
 in the Britifli Mufeuni, N" ($39, p. 119. 
 
 [To face 
 
 H 
 
 Alicia, u-Tor jitima, 
 minor VVaiin' 
 
 ^- 
 
 y^ 
 
 e Weylond. 
 
 Clemens dcCLorroM- 
 
 Ivctta filia Thome dv^WlLl. Clopton Miles ;=Maria filia Will. 
 
 Grey Militu. 
 
 hcpurtliafcd ihc manor ot' 
 Hawfted 33Ed\v. III. and 
 died before 6 Kic. II. 
 
 Cockcici Mil. 
 
 Thomas dc Clopton Mlhs,— :Catharine filia Will. Mvldc A, 
 natu minor; he acquired the "^ 'v'"'- /ii 
 
 manor of Kentu ell in Mtlford 
 Suff". by his wife. 
 
 ",==C 
 heT 
 
 rm. ten 
 renupta Will. Tendring Mil. 
 
 Johannes <k Clopton. 
 
 ^\'iLL. dc Clopton Mi 
 Iiclbid the manor of Hawllcd 
 s Hen. V. to William Ton of 
 Sir Thom.ii Cloinon. 
 
 Edm. dc CLoPTON,=pBlanchia Fitz-Euftace, 
 y dicdijRicII. 
 
 John deCLoPTON. 
 
 THO. deCLOPTON. 
 
 WALT.dcCL0rT0N.= 
 
 Will. CLnrroN, 
 fon and h. dicdS. I. 
 
 =Eliz. filia Joh. 
 
 Eygot Mil. 
 
 Margeria filia— WiLL.de CLOPTON.z^Margeria, f. ct 
 
 Rog. Drory 
 Mil. d. 1410. 
 
 Arm. d, 1446 
 
 h. Eli.t Fran- 
 ceys,d. 2Hen. VL 
 
 Will. CLOi-To-N Mil.=:Franccs, dau. of 
 
 Truffcl. 
 
 and widow of Sir 
 Robert balle. 
 
 Alicia ■■ 
 
 Cj.OJ'TON. 
 
 =Thomas Bcndiflu 
 
 Eliz. =Joh. Barwick, 
 Clofton. Efqi 
 
 r 
 
 -^^_ 
 
 Will. Clopton, 
 d. 14ZO. 
 
 CATHARiNE=:Joh. Dcnaon, 
 Clopto;,. Elq; 
 
 Joane, rfaughterof— SirVyiLL.CLoPTON,=pThomafinc, id filler and 
 
 William Mairo' 
 ©f Stepney. 
 
 >f Ktnuvdli he fold 
 Hawficd to Sir Rtjbcrt 
 Druiy, ao Hen. VII. 
 
 heir to Edm. Knivct, of 
 
 lay, Kllcx. 
 
 1 
 
 Sir Enm. Clopton,- he is 
 called in [heRookwood Pedi- 
 gree, Rudiorum Ei^ucs Percc- 
 lebris. 
 
 John CLopTON.==AIicia 
 £heiifl~ of Suffolk, Date. 
 30 Hen. VI. died 
 old ij Hen. VII. | 
 , / 
 
 Alicia =John. fnn of Eu/.. =Rnb. Cavcn. 
 
 Cloptok. Rob. Daicy, Clofton. d,n..f.ri«„ 
 Elqi at law. 
 
 Anne =:Thomas Rnokwood, of Stanlncfield j from this 
 CLOPTO^■. match the prcfcnt Sir Thomas RookwoodGaPc 
 of Coldham-Haii m Sianingfield, bait, is de- 
 fc ended. 
 
 Edu'aud Cloptok, 3d fon. a DaughJr.= Curfor 
 
 John Clopton,— Elii. folc d.iu. and heir 
 of Kent^vell, in J of Thomas Rovd.m 
 JWelfoid. \ and Marg. his wife. .Il 
 
 filter and heir of Edm. 
 
 Knevet, of Stanway, ElTcx. 
 -■^^ 
 
 ift DaiJghtgr.=Jeff"ery 
 
 Gates. 
 
 • d DdiJgUtcr.= 
 
 . Joilin. 
 
 Anne r^Rich. Polev, 
 Clopton. of Boxtedl 
 
 Rob. Clopton, 
 a pricft. 
 
 Will. Clopton,= 
 
 2d foQ. 
 
 John CLoproN,=r dau. of 
 
 of Monk's Ely, Rob. Rvdcll, 
 I Suffolk. rehaofHub- 
 
 bard. 
 
 £liz. CLorTON.= Coleman. 
 
 GrISEL CLOPTOh.= ,. . . Weft. 
 DoaOTHY Cloi T0.N.=^.... Whitc.= 
 
 Ant. 
 
 CUiPJU 
 
 ■ <l^u- of GEoR(jii=AHcc, dau. and 
 
 llubbaid, Clopton. coheir of Sir 
 
 Steph. Peacock, 
 of Londoo. 
 
 Edward 
 Clopton. 
 
 pRAKClS 
 
 Clopton, 
 died t37tf. 
 
 Margaret.=j= Will. =f=Mary, dau. 
 
 ^'ii. dau. and 
 colieirofTho. 
 Sav.ofLiflon- 
 Hall.inElTex, 
 Efqj 
 
 Mary. dau. and=j=Tl,cH.CLOPT0N,=pM.irecry, d.iu. of 
 heirofSirRich. .of Forehall, Mel- | Sir Will. Plavters, 
 
 fT' , '"• ^°"^- of Sattcrly, knt. 
 
 colnfliirc, knt. j ^ 
 
 FiiANCis = Ncvil, iflwifc- . 
 
 of Mdfoid Bridget, dau. of S.I- Rob. Crane! 
 Isrk. 3d wife. ' 
 
 dau. nf Sir 
 Thorn a » 
 Jermyn, 
 kut. 
 
 . . . Vavafor.^ . 
 
 . Applcyard, of Yorkfliirc. 
 
 MaRG. = 
 
 Clopton, 
 
 = Edmund 
 EflaicvUI. 
 
 Anne =Hammf.nd E 
 Clopton. Claxtnn.i.f Clo 
 Chcdiaon, 
 Suff. 
 
 Anne, dau. of Sir 
 
 T 
 
 Clopton, 
 Ibu and 
 heir. 
 
 of George 
 FehcDt. 
 
 Francis Clopton. =:OIive 
 Gavill, of Norfolk, ift wife; 
 Lora, dau. of Sir Roger Wcnt- 
 ^-.mh.idwifE; Mai V, 4th dau. 
 of Edm. W.ilfingham, of Kent 
 widow of SirThoBernnidifton, 
 3d>vifc; Elizabeth, dau. of Sir 
 Tho. Bcrnaidifton, of Ketton, 
 
 knt. u^dow of Brookfby, 
 
 of Suff. 4th wife. ^ 
 
 Will. 
 Clohton, 
 fon 2ud 
 heir. 
 
 — J'lhu Smith, 
 J. of Hundun, 
 
 buff. 
 
 r 
 
 Will. =Anne, FrancisC: 
 Clopton. dau. of d. s. I. 
 Gtorgc George. 
 Elmcs. John, 
 
 died S. I. 
 
 ^Bridget, 
 dau. of 
 Robert 
 Crane. 
 
 Tho. =Dorotliy, 
 Clopton. dau. of^ 
 eldeft fon, . . . Bar- 
 
 d. S. I. lev, of 
 Eifex. 
 
 Thomas CLop-=pMary, dan. of 
 
 TO>j,ofKcnt\vc 
 died i5<)7, born 
 Mtlford. 
 
 SirWil.Wal. 
 dtgravc, of 
 Sni.Tlbridge, 
 Suff. d. IJ99. 
 
 Bril 
 
 Tiijizabeth, 
 dau. of 
 .... Eve. 
 rjrd, of 
 Deiillon, 
 SuDoIk. 
 
 MAr,v =SirVVill. 
 Clopton. Cordall, 
 of Mel- 
 ford Hall, 
 mailer of 
 the Rolls. 
 
 Will.* =Mary, cld- 
 Clopton. ell dau. of 
 Kdvvard 
 Waldgiavc. 
 of L.i\vford, 
 Eire.x, Efqi 
 
 FRANCES=....BoweSi Hit, 
 Cloplon. Doflor.ofYMk. 
 
 TiioMA- = Aldhami ili 
 
 sinrC KieMe.. ' 
 
 Eliz. C. =Nie. Hohtdi. 
 Em M A C. = . . . Smuhjof Citna 
 
 MAKY C. = King, citiliiii 
 
 Will. CorJ.II. 
 Gillian C.= ....Thiotkiii(ini« 
 
 » He wa! the Brit that bnilt >rj lived >t Caniejn'i, i« Gr.ron, S.!i 
 ard fpeni hii painmnny. He w.i one of the iuBiees f„, ik, H..(Bi. 
 Jfabtrgh 1614. His uiiele Francii gi»c him all hii laodi lud iniwiuK 
 
 luGET 
 Cldptj.n 
 
 = Siaf. 
 
 'ILL 
 
 Clopton 
 
 -]— Anne 
 
 d.iu. 
 
 fon 
 
 and htir. 
 
 : of Sir 
 
 l1io. 
 
 
 
 1 Bcrnatdil- 
 
 
 
 1 too. 
 
 
 John Clopton,= of Lincolnfliire, 
 
 Thomas Cloptok. 
 RoGiiii Clopton. 
 
 «nnc, oau. 01 sii^6ir Will. Cl 
 Thomas Bemai- I knighted at Nc 
 diftoQ,tf Clare, Feb. 20, 1611 
 Suffolk.' I ' ^ 
 
 =Sir Will. Cloptok.^. . . . dau. of 
 Newmarket Sir Giles 
 Allington. 
 
 Walter 
 Clopton, 
 
 Eliz. 
 
 Clopton, 
 
 r 
 
 Will. rpAnne.dau. and heir 
 Clopton. of John Wiftmai, 
 
 i of Stifted, Ellcx. 
 
 Francis = dau. and 
 
 Clopto.n. heir of 
 
 Siioric, SuK 
 
 Anne - 
 C1.0PTON. 
 
 =Gcorge Partis, o, 
 Pullingham, 
 Cainbndgcjhirc. 
 
 ^--^te-n-- -t£-«,--=E.lt. aau.^ce^ 
 
 PTOX.-T-Elizabtih Sparrow, of FinchlngfielJ. 
 
 SimiiaD'liwe 
 
 s.diej itOi, buried at McIford.==Su: Tliomas Darcy, ban. 
 
 William CLopioN.=pElia. d,™. of Sir Will. Polev, of Boxted, Suffolk 
 
 Mary =\i'i]l. Soft 
 
 Clopton. of Thon- 
 
 dot). Suii* 
 
 ,il licl'.'W. 
 Gccfft 
 
 Suffolk, li 
 
 W1LLIA.M Clopton.: 
 
 Foley Clopton, M. D. 
 died a bachelor, 1 730. 
 
 # 
 
 Eliz. Ct0PT0».=Ee». Gilbert AScck, 
 ofDdlliam, SuflVlk. 
 
 F.LIJ. =Ediv. Crifpe, EfqiofBurt 
 tLOPTON. St. Edmondi, died S. 1. 
 
 •~ N 
 
 Hakkah Cl.OPIOM.=Marlin Folks, Efq; of Chcveie;', 
 Ca^n&ridgelhirc. 
 
 •
 
 Chap. III.] OF H A W S T E D. lOf 
 
 eftate upon his ifTue ; of Vv'hich, I fuppofe, deipairiiig, 26 
 Henry VI. he fold " al!c hefe londes and tenements, wodc?, 
 " medes, and paftures, rents and fervices, whiche were late to 
 ** on John Bokenham, brother oh to the feid John Bokenham, 
 <* as they lye within the townys and feldes of Hawfted, Horn- 
 " ingllierthe, Nowton, and Whepfted, in the fliire of Suff, for 
 " the fome of a cxl. of good and lawful! money," to John 
 Marfliall, Efquyer, referving to himfelf and his wife a life-flate 
 therein; and fubjeding himfelf to this ftrange condition; " alio 
 *' the feid John Bokenham fchall fynde fufficeaunte furete in 
 ," fil. to the feid John Marfliall, if fo be that the weifF of the 
 *' faid John Bokenham deye, that he fchall wedd noo woman 
 ** by whom he may have any ifTue." This caution proved un- 
 neceffary. He probably did not live long after this ; nor did his 
 wife long furvive him, dying his widow in 1452, as appears by 
 her will, already recited, p. 16. So that Marlhall miift have 
 been fortunate in his purchafe. 
 
 Thus ended, in this place, the intereft of the Talmaches, and 
 the Bokenhams their defcendants, who had continued here for 
 at leaft 166 years, — a longer eftablilliment tlian any fucceeding 
 lords maintained. 
 
 C LOFTON. 
 
 By a fine ', levied 33 Edward III. it appears, that Sir \Vm. 
 de Clopton and Mary his wife, bought the manor with the aji- 
 purtenances of Sir Wm. de Middilton and Ifabella his wife; the 
 latter referving to themfelves an annual rent of xxs. out of the 
 manor. The purchafe is thus defcribed ; the manor of Haunede 
 
 The deed is indented at top, and on the fide where the lines end ; the edges 
 marked with fome dimidiated capital letters, grown very faint and obfcure. 
 
 2 with
 
 ro2 HISTORY A N D A N T I Q^U I T I E S [Chap. Ilf. 
 
 Avith its appurtenances, the advowfon of the church, one toft, 
 200 acres of arable land, 8 of meadow, 12 of wood, fix fliillings 
 and eight pence rent, and ^ pound of pepper, with the homages 
 and all the fervices of Wm. de Fembregge, and 14 others. The 
 purchafe-money was 600 1. as appears by the following receipt 
 in full. 
 
 Noverint univerfi, quod ego Willielmus de Middilton recepi de dno Wilto de 
 Clopton milite centum libras in auro ec argento, in perfolutionem (ex centum 
 iibrarum, in quibus michi tenebatur pro vendicione manerii de Haufted fibi fafta ; 
 dc quibus lex centum libris fateor me bene ec fidelirer fore pacatum ; et predidum 
 dam VVillielmum heredcs et executores fuos inde fore quietos in perpetuum per 
 prelentes. In cujus rei teflimoniiim huic prefenti fcripto figillum meum appofui. 
 Datum apud Clopton die Martis proxime poli: feftum Sandii Gregorii Pape, anno 
 regni regis Edvvardi tercii poft conqueftum tricefimo quarto. 
 
 The feal is ftill entire, except part of the circumfcription, and 
 may be fecn in the plate, N° 5. 
 
 At the fame time, Sir Wm. de Clopton fettled his purchafe, 
 after the death of himfelf and his wife, upon Thomas their fon, 
 and his heirs male. 
 
 Sir.Wm. died before his wife ; for flie was lady of the manor 
 JO — 13 Ric. II. as appears by the accounts of John Clerk, who 
 calls himfelf Ballivus ' Domine Clopton de manerio fuo de Hau- 
 ftede : from them 1 fliall fele«ft a few particulars. 
 
 la 1386, among the Redditus ajjift^ fet or ftanding rents, is 
 xviijd. rent, called Clothing Silver, paid at Chriftmas. Firma 
 terre et pqflure ; a garden called Nowell, let for x s. a year. 
 Exitus maneriii ilTues or profits of the manor; Lxijs. viijd. 
 
 ' The Bailiff was next in dignity to the Steward. He was to rife early, and 
 00 round the whole farm, to fee if every thing was as it Ihould be. It was his 
 duty to take care that all the labourers in hufbandry performed their tafks properly; 
 and in fliort to attend to every thing that concerned the cultivation and good 
 management of the demefiie. He was not to board in the houfe, but be allowed 
 wages to find his own vittuals. Fleta, Lib. II. Cap. 73, where the duties of his 
 office are fet down in detail. Many curious particulars in ancient economics may 
 be found in that author. 
 
 for
 
 CLap. III.] O F H A W S T E D. loj 
 
 for Yi luL faggots; fruit of the gardea ; xvj s. for keeping fiicep ; 
 for letting out the lady's carts xiijs. ; for letting out her ploughs, 
 iiij s. ij d. Among the Redditus reJolutU or outgoings ; paid annually 
 to the Sacriit of St. Edmund's Bury, xls. ; to the bailiff of the 
 hundred, vs. iiijd.; to Nowton Hall, ixd. ; to the hundred far 
 fuit, xvjd. Among the Cujius fTiinuti\ flioeing the Reward's ' 
 {SeneJcbalH) horfe, vjd. Re\Tards to the fervants of the manor 
 vjd. ; for the tax of our lord the king, for half a quindene {pro 
 di qiii'den.) vs. — Stipendia famulorum\ wages of the bailiff xiijs. 
 iiijd. a year; of the carter, vjs. viijd. ; of the deye, vs.; i qr. 
 iij b. of oatmeal for potage for the fervants. 
 
 In 1389, among the expenfa forinfeca^ or extraordinarics ; 
 expences for the lady Erpingham, with her fervants and horfes, 
 vij s. viij d. -. A horfe bought for the re(5for5 and prefented to him. 
 
 by 
 
 ' The Jieward was the head fervant belonging to a great perfon. He was to 
 hold courts; and attend to, and prcferve, all the manerial rights/ -He was 10 take 
 carCr that all the offices belonging to the manfion hoiife were well locked. He was 
 to have an inventory of all the ftock on the manor-, to fee that the ferjeant, bailiff, 
 and other fervants, behaved themfelves properly, and did not wafle their time at 
 DilTci/ins, frays, wreftling-matches, ale-houfes, ^x\d Vigils; that all of them, upon 
 their entering on their fervice, produced proper fecurity for their good behaviour, Ke 
 was every night to receive an account, from the different departments, of all tl.c 
 confumption in the family. In fhorr, all the domeftics were to be anfwerable to 
 him -, but he could difmifs none. That power was referved to the lord. Fleta, 
 lib. II. cap. 72. 
 
 * How money came to be paid, I know not : afterwards are mentioned i quarter 
 and I bufhel of oats for the lady Erpingham's horfes. Thefe allowances were formerly 
 delivered with fo much accuracy, that the extraordinary expences occafioned by 
 vifitors were always let down ; the names, arrival, and flay of fuch vifitors being 
 fpecified ih the groom's roll, which was examined every night by the Reward. 
 Fleta, lib. II. cap. 74. 
 
 This lady Erpingham was daughter of the lady Clopton. For Sir Thomas 
 Erpingham of Norfolk married Joan the daughter of Sir Wm. Clopton. Of this 
 beautiful and virtuous lady and her hufband, Blon-iefield in his Hilt, of Norfolk, 
 Vol. III. p. 647, has tranfcribed a remarkable ftory, half ferious and half comic, 
 from Heywood's FTNAIKEION. That he was miftaken in calling this lady his 
 fecond wife, and faying (V. II. p. 51-^.) that his firft died in 1404; lee wha: he 
 
 fava
 
 I04 HISTORY AND A N T I QJJ I T I E S [Chap. III. 
 
 by the lady's order, xxvjs. ixd. Paid Stephen the bellman for 
 a new bell, by the lady's order, xxvj s. viij d. I'he expences of a 
 man and a carter to Sudbury [17 or 18 miles] to fetch tyles for 
 the friers at Babwell, xviijd. The expences of a carter to Mil- 
 denhall [12 miles] to fetch ruflies ' for the lady, vjd. 
 
 How long this lady lived, I know not ; nor whether I'hofnas 
 Clopton^ her fon, upon whom, as we have feen before, the manor 
 was fettled, after the death of his father and mother, ever lived 
 to poffefs it ; if he did, it was not long ; for before the end of 
 Ric. II. it was veiled in his elder brother. Sir Wm. Clopton^ who 
 fufFered fome enormous outrages from Philip Fitz Eujlace and 
 others, as may be gathered from a roll in my poflellion 6 feet 
 long, containing pleadings in the court of King's Bench, Weft- 
 minfter, in the reigns of Ric. II. and Henry IV. By thefe it 
 appears, that Sir Wm. Clopton brought his a6lion againft Philip 
 Fitz Euflace, John Heyden, John Clerk, chaplain, Hugh de 
 Baldwyne, Roger Gebon, Thomas his brother, John Laufele, 
 John Smyth of Afliton, and John Waryn, for having, on the 
 Sunday before Michaelmas, 21 Ric. II. with force and arms, that 
 is, with fwords, bows and arrows, broken into a clofe in Hauftede, 
 belonging to the faid Sir Wm. and cut down there xx oaks, 
 c allies, and xl poplars, and carried them off, together with 
 other goods and chatels, namely, linen and woollen cloths, vefTels 
 
 fays himfclf, V. I. p, 53. The arms of this match, Erpingham (V, an inefciitchcon 
 in an Orle of Martlets A.) empaling Clopton, I faw a few years ago in a window 
 at Kcntwell Hall, in Melford, the feat of the Cloptons. 
 
 ' With thefe her apartments were to be llrown. Buliein, in his " Bulwarke of 
 " Defence," printed 1562, fays, " Ruflies tliat grow upon dry ground be good 
 " to drew in hails, chambers and galleries, to walk upon, defending apparell, as 
 *' trains of gowns and kertles, from the duft." p. 21. Thomas of Becket was 
 thought finic.il and extravagant for having freih rufhes, every day, " for fpoiling 
 " of tiie deaths. " Siiakfpeare frequently alludes to this cultom ; which in 1771, 
 1 obferveJ was kept up in the council chamber at Hull, and in the room oppofite 
 'to it ; and which I recoiled not elfewhere, except in fome unpaved churches. 
 
 of
 
 Chap. III.] O F H A W S T E D. lo 
 
 J 
 
 of filver, brafs, and copper, and other utcnfils belonging to his 
 houfe, befides barley, beans, peafe, and oats, to the value of 
 xlI. 
 
 Fitz-Euftace, who was the principal, after various delays put 
 in his anfwer, and alledged, that the clofe into which he had 
 broken, and the trees whicli he had cut down, and carried away, 
 belonged to him, and not to Clopton. To the reft of the charge 
 he made no reply. He was found gnilty of the whole, and 
 adjudged to pay xxiijl. damages. To avoid payment, he availed 
 himfelf of all the procraftinations and evafions which the law 
 has always allowed ; and it does not appear that the bufinefs 
 was concluded, 9 Henry IV. Yet during this litigation, namely, 
 on the Thurfday after the feaft of St. Bartholomew, 8 Henry IV. 
 Robert Fitz-Eicjlace, probably a brother of Philip, had given up to 
 Sir William all claim to the manor of Hawited, both for himfelf 
 and his heirs. 
 
 What a pidture of the violent mode in which our anceftors 
 fufFered their animofities againft one another to burft forth ! 
 The cutting down trees might perhaps tend to the afcertaining 
 of right ; but the carrying off corn and houlliold furniture 
 could proceed from nothing but the luwlefs and ferocious 
 m.anners of the age : and what aggravated the enormity was, 
 that the parties were nearly related ; for it appears by the 
 pedigree, that Edmund Clopton, Sir William's brotiier, had 
 married a Fitz Euftace. I willi that thefe diforders had l^een 
 confined to the laitv : but one of the above-named rioters was 
 in orders ; and I doubt the exceffes committed by ecclefiallics 
 form part of the charadler of early times. 1 Edw. ill. 'no lefs 
 than 32 clerici, among feveral townimen of Bury, v/cre con- 
 victed of a moft daring affault upon the abbey '. The mutual 
 hatred of the feculars and regulars was exceliive. 
 
 ' Regiflnim Vcfliarli ; among the colle<£lanea of the bte Sir Jr.mes Eurrouph, 
 mafter of Uaius College, Can\bridge, who in 1764, bcqueaihed to the library of Sr. 
 
 I* |amcs>.
 
 io6 HISTORY AND A N T I Q, U I T I E S [Chap. UI. 
 
 Let us now for a moment turn our thoughts to a more 
 pleafing iubjed^. During this vexatious diiiurbance, Sir Wm. 
 Clopton granted to Thomas Smyth a piece of ground called 
 Dokmedw, in liauftede, for the annual payment of a rofe, at the 
 nativity of St. John the Baptift, to Sir William and his heirs, 
 in lieu of all fervices. Dated at Hauftede, on Sunday next before 
 the feafl of All Saints, 3 Henry IV. 
 
 Ancient deeds are often dated on a Sunday, being executed 
 in churches or church-yards, for the greater notoriety. 
 
 But 1 Ihould not have noticed this inftrument, if it had not 
 been for its giving me an opportunity of illuilrating ancient 
 manners. 
 
 The rofe was formerly a greater obje6t of luxury than it is 
 at prefent. The water diitilled from it gave a flavour to a variety 
 of difhes ; and ferved to wafli the hands at meals ; a cuftom 
 Itill preferved in fome of our colleges \ At marriages and other 
 feflivities, the guefts wore chaplets of rofes. The author of 
 the romance of Perce-Foreft, defcribing an entertainment, fays, 
 every perfon wore a chaplet of rofes on their head. The 
 conftable of France (and jirobably other great officers, at other 
 courts) when he waited on the king at dinner, had one of thefe 
 crowns. Women, when they took the veil, and when they 
 married, were thus adorned. Warriors wore their helmets 
 encircled with thefe flowers, as appears from their monumental 
 figures. This fondnefs of our anceftors for this fragrant and 
 elegant flower, and the various ufes to which they applied it, 
 explains a particular that at firft fight feems fomewhat whimfical, 
 which is, the buJJoels of ro/es^ fometimes paid by vaffals to their 
 lords. For part of the above I am indebted to the agreeable 
 author of " Hiftoire de la vie privee des Francois," Vol. If. p. 221. 
 
 James's church, in Bury, a MS. folio and quarto, which would be of confiderable 
 ufe to an hillorian of the abbey and town. 
 
 ' And aUb in many of the public halls of the liverymen of London. J.N. 
 
 The
 
 Chap III.] O F II A W S T E D. 107 
 
 Tlie fingle rofc paid as an acknowledgement, v/as the diminutive 
 reprefentative of a biilhel; as a lingle pepper-corn, which is 
 ftiil a referved rent, is of the pound ; a payment, originally 
 of fome worth, dwindling by degrees to a meer formaUty. 
 
 Tired out, I fuppofe, with the vexations attending his pro- 
 perty in this place. Sir William by a deed in French, dated at 
 Melford, 2 Henry V. conveyed the manor with its appurtenances, 
 which had been his father's, to IVilliamClopton, fon of Sir Thomas, 
 and who was his firft coufin. 
 
 But he could not enfure him the quiet poffeffion of his pur- 
 chafe ; for the family of Fitz Eufl:ace, and their connections, 
 appear to have quitted their property here with great reluCtance, 
 and given their fuccelTors every polhble moleftation. For not 
 many years after the outrageous attack before mentioned fuc- 
 ceeded another much more difingenuous and formidable. The 
 firft notice that occurs of it is from the following writ out of 
 the court of chivalry, preferved in Harl. MSS. N° 1178. 36. 
 and thus entitled in the catalogue ; " A writ in French of John 
 ' duke of Bedford, Conftable of England, requiring John duke 
 ' of Norfolk, and Marfliall of England, to bring William Clop- 
 « ton, of Suffolk, efq. to anfwer in the court of chivalrie to 
 ' Robert Eland of the county of Lincoln, efq. who charged 
 '■ the faid Wiliam Clopton with putting his feal of arms to a 
 ' falfe and forged deed." 
 
 Johan Filz, frere et uncle au roys, due de Bedford ecd'Anjoy, conte de Rich- 
 mond et de Kendal, et conneflable d' Angleterre, a notre trcfcher coufin Johan 
 due de Norfolk, marichal d' Angleterre, faluz. Nous vous mandons et chargeons, 
 que vous fates arrcfter et venir devant nous, ou notre lieutenant, a WcRminUer, i 
 le quinfime du Saint Hillar prochain venant, "William Clopton de conte de Suff. 
 efquire, pour adonques refpondre devant nous, ou notre lieutenant, en la cour de 
 chivalerie, a Robeit Eland efquire de conte de Nicholl ', de ce que le dit Robert 
 adunques kiy furmettra par voie d'armes, touchant ce qu'il fauyment et encontre 
 honcfte et gentilefie d' armes, a mis et appofe le feal de fcs armes a un faux et 
 forge fait, aux dommages du dit Robert de ^ et plus, a ce qu'ii dit. Remand ants 
 
 -' Lincoln. 
 
 P 2 par
 
 ,oS ?I I S T O R Y AND A N T I QJJ I T I E S [Chap. III. 
 
 par devant nous au dit jour, ou iceft notre mandement, tout ce que vous en avez 
 taitz. Donne foubs le feal de notre office le 23 jour de Novembre I'an du rcj^ne 
 dii notre fenior le roy Henry fifimc puis le conquell d'Angleterrc feptielme. 
 
 This curious record fliews with what formality affairs of 
 honour were formerly adjurted. We now proceed in a much 
 more fummary manner. The charge was of a very ferious 
 nature : whether the court came to any decifion about it, or 
 wiiether any combat enfued, does not appear : but probably 
 neither ; for v.e loon after find the parties engaging in another 
 court, and with arms very different froni thofe of chivalry. 
 For in Eafter term, 8 Henry VI. William Clopton and William 
 Gal yon efquires, brought an adlion in the court of King's Bench, 
 againft Roger Bcrnerdeflon, of Kedyngton, in the county of 
 Suffolk, gentilman, and Robert Eland of Ratheby, in the county 
 of Lincoln, gentilman, and Elizabeth his wife, for having 
 caufed, on Sunday next before the exaltation of the holy crofs 
 [14 Sept.] 8 Henry VL to be publiflied and read at Kedyngton 
 and Melford, in the county of Suffolk, two deeds, by virtue of 
 which the faid Robert and Elizabetli claimed the manor and 
 advowfon of Hauflede, to the diflurbing of the faid William and 
 William in the poflefhon of the fame, to their damage of Ml. 
 
 Eland pretended that the faid manor and advowfon were 
 granted and confirmed 17 Edward III. by Sir Robert Bretonn, 
 knight, William deRokelond, and Robert de Hildercle, to Sir John 
 Fitz Euftace and Elizabeth his wife, and their heirs, in default of 
 which to the heirs and afiigns of the faid John for ever. And 
 that by virtue of a letter of attorney from the faid Sir Robert, Wil- 
 liam, and Robert, dire6led to Sir John de Welnetham, knight, Ri- 
 chard Frefiell, and Sir John de Bradefeld, redor of the church of 
 Haufted, the faid John and Elizabeth were put in full pofTeflion 
 of the faid manor and advowfon. That from the faid John and 
 Elizabeth the faid manor and advowfon defcended to their fon 
 
 John,
 
 Chap III.] OF H A W S T E D. 109 
 
 John, whofe daughter EUzabeth was then the wife of him the 
 faid Robert Eland, who claimed the fame in her right. The 
 deeds upon which he founded his claim were produced and read 
 in court. 
 
 There is one circumftance in the pleadings that may be worth 
 remarking, which is, that in an age when they were ib carelefs 
 in orthography, that if the name of a perfon, or place, was re- 
 cited twice in the fame deed, it was generally fpelled two dif- 
 ferent ways ', Eland flioukl quibble about a letter, alledging, that 
 he lived :it Ray(i?eSyj and not -dXRatheby^ as fet forth in his ad- 
 verfary's bill. 
 
 But even in this court this affair was not determined, but re-- 
 ferred to arbitrators, whofe award, though rather long, is too' 
 curious not to be tranfcribed. 
 
 To all trewe criften men to whom this prefent writyng cometh to, we Clement 
 Dcnfton, clerk, Richard Aired and Robert Peyton, we Tendyn zou gretyng in God 
 everlafting. Know ze that whereas we the ieyd Clement, R.ichard and i^.obert, . 
 arbitrators chofen betwene William Clopton and William Gallon on the oon panic, 
 Robert Eland and Elizabeth his wyf, and Roger Bernefton on the other partie, be 
 bothe parties aflent chofen, upon the right, title, and pofTcdlon of the maner of 
 Hauftede, in the (bir of Stiff, with the apportcnances, and the avoyfon ot the 
 chirch of the fame towne, avvardedyn be our dedcs endented tripartite, which beren ' 
 the date in the feft of Seynt Symond and Jude, the zer of the regne of kyng Harri 
 the fixte after the conquclt the xijthe. Ther as the feid llobt. Eland fhewith a 
 dede endented and feyth, that the feid maner of Haufted fiuild be tallied to his 
 wyfe ; and William Clopton and William Galyon feyn, that it is a fals dede and a 
 forged ; and thcruppon they token axcion of forgyng of that dede in the Kynges 
 Bench ageyn the faid Rob. Eland, Elizabeth his wyf and Roger Berncllon : and 
 the feid Wm. Clopton and his counceill han fhewed and declaryd to us the feyd 
 arbitrators, that the maner of PJawfted with the appertenances was zone to Sir John 
 Fitz Euftace and to Elizabeth his wyf, and to the heires of Sir John. And the 
 letter of attorne was accordyng to that dede ; and as Wm. Clopton feyth, that 
 Eland or on for hym hath rafcd that dede, and newe wrctyn it ayen, and made 
 therof a dede in the taille. And Wm. Clopton and his counceyl declared, that the 
 dede that is untrewe is not of the hand in wryting, ne of ynke of the letter of 
 attoriie, which letter is trewe in wryting. And ther as the dede and letter of aitorne 
 
 I Of this the award that immediately follows may ferve as an example ; where tlie ■ orthography 
 is continually varied. 
 
 were
 
 I ;o H I S T O R Y A N D A N T I QJJ ITI E S [Chap. III. 
 
 '.vrre put in dayiiig divers tymes er than we tiie feid arbitraitors medlyd therwith; 
 tl;at is to fey, whan John Symond, recorder of London, and John Doreward fqiiyer 
 ot' Efiex, Robert Caundifh, Thoaias Fulthorpe, and Wm. Goodred, fergeaunts 
 of the lawe and other rccordedyn, that it is the (anie dede that they fye ; and Robert 
 Caiindyfli feyth, h.e myj^ht not have the dtde of Eland to fen it out in the light 
 ayenll: the fonne, atte leyfer. And now we thre arbitrators han the dede, and 
 mowe fen it agcyn the fonne at ovir leyfer, we feyn how it was lyke to have be 
 wrete beforn, and was rafed of that letter, and fith wreten ther on azen with a 
 dede and a feble ynke to feme old, andthe ynke untrewly gommyd, that with efy 
 handi-Iyng the ynke vvuli faden, and weryn away : ther as the letter of attorne is 
 wretyn with a trewe ynke, and for any handelyng wull la(l as a trew dede afketh. 
 Alio we the feid arbitrators han full knowlich of all the olde men aboute Haufted, 
 and of a worlhipfull perfon that dwelled with Sir Wm. Clopton knyght, whan he 
 bought Haufted, that highte Sir Piobert Clerk, feyde uppon his deth bedde, that 
 ther was never non fuche tayle as the feid Robert Eland fpeketh of, ne non feifyn 
 delyvercd be none fuche dede, ne never was taille of the maner of Haufted herd 
 of, to any of the Fitz Euftach, but a taille to the heir malis, the which was made 
 be fyn to Fitz Euftach, and that was determyned as he feith. And now we han 
 the dede that the faid Robert Eland fliewed, and atte our leyfer mowe fen it in 
 the fonne, we have fully perceyved that it was lyke to have be wrete beforne tyme, 
 and is now rafed, and newc vvrctyn ageyn. So that we the faid arbitrators fully 
 we knowe that it is an untrewe dede and forged. Wherfor we the feid arbitrators 
 awardyn that the feid William Clopton han that untrewe dede to cancelie it, and 
 to don therewith as him lyft. In witteneiTe that this was our entent, and the caufe 
 of our award and accorde as for that article of the untrue dede, we the feyd 
 Clement, Richard and Robert, arbitrators in the articles above reherced, han fette 
 to our feeles. Wretyn in the Fell of Seynt Symon and Jude, the zer of the regne 
 of kyng Harry the Sixte after the Conqueft the xijthe. 
 
 All their three feals are entire. That of Denfton, who was 
 archdeacon of Sudbury, is engraven ; fee the plate, N° 3 : the 
 wolf and St. Edmund's head appear towards the bottom. Alred^'s, 
 a noble one, almoft i ~ inch in diameter, bears a chevron en- 
 grailed between three grifEns heads erafed : Peyton's, a crofs 
 engrailed, in the dexter quarter a mullet. 
 
 Thus was this tedious bufinefs finally arranged ; and the 
 charge of forgery retorted and proved upon Eland. 
 
 During the time of this difpute, there feems to have been a 
 
 manumiffion of the Nativi ; for in a rental of 7 Henry V. is 
 
 this ; " Jam fequitur de terris et tenementis modo demiffis ad 
 
 2 ~ " firmam,
 
 Chap. III.] OF H A W S T E D. ni 
 
 *' firmam, que quidem tenementa nativi tenentes ab antique 
 *< tenuerunt." The manor this year was faid to be of the clear 
 yearly value of XLijl. xvs, ixd. and half a pound of pepper. 
 This laft was paid for a piece of land called eleven acres, near 
 Gag's Green, which lies at the northern extremity of the village. 
 Nowell's Garden was let for xs. a year. 
 
 William Glopton died in 1446, and was buried in Melford 
 Church in this county, where his figure in armour lies on an 
 altar monument within an arch, at the upper end of the North 
 aile. Within the arch are painted thefe efcutcheons : 
 
 1. S abend A. ' between 2 cotifes dancette O. Clopton. 
 
 2. A lion rampant S fefs compon. O and B. Mylde. 
 
 3. Clopton empaling A, in a chief V 2 mullets pierced O. Drury. 
 
 4. Clopton empaling G, a faltire between 4 croffes patte O. 
 Franceys. 
 
 On the front of the monument is a brafs plate with this epitaph, 
 which fhews, that however the virtues of the fubjedt might 
 entitle him to the love of mankind, when alive, the Mufes did 
 not much befriend him after his death ; 
 
 SDapKlis tt larijus, pruticns, tt in omnibus ^rgiis 
 ;9rtitius tt gnarus, gcncrofo fanguine dartis, 
 Coittttur Ijoc 2Dunmlo Clopton CTillus m arto, 
 ^cD niniis eiciguc, tanto tjirtutis amico. 
 ^ic Dtjm tifecbaf p;5UDcntis nomcn ^abebaf 
 3luffe ; nam tm\tt\s Dare fucbif fenfa falutis -, 
 ConCIiumqtic petcns fit lecioj inoc rcccDcns 
 ^uam tenicns : ncmpe Difcojccs patis amo:e 
 JI2cctccc gauDcbaf, Dapc quos pjop^ia rcfoticbat. 
 
 ' Sometimes the bend was Ermine, as in HavvRed chancel window. Sometimes 
 it had only one fpot, as on the tomb of a Rookwood in Stanninglield church ; 
 fometirres the fpot, and 2 annulets interlaced, as in Glemsford church : fomctimes 
 only one annulet, as it was borne by Sir Walter Clopton, who was prefent with 
 Henry V. at the fiege of Rohan. Harl. MSS. 1386. p. B4. 
 
 IpauperiLuft:
 
 112 HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES [Chap. III. 
 
 patipcrtbus pcituit fua fanua fcmpcr, &bibit 
 5I3ti!lus ab l)iK tartms moigcna feu peregrin''. 
 
 £Iiuio nto;o? i Ijcu fcra mo^0 ut rata Ijulf ro;55 
 
 sp. C quater, fcrto CfiriUt qiiater % Omiil anno 
 ^uic muiiDo raputt qtia ¥pc. Uire quisUt, 
 2uguftt nie3irc, poll fcffunt tjirgtnis alme, 
 fliuarta ncmpc Die, llBernarDi tjtgiltaq; 
 ^mc tt)o,n fccia fucrat ^argert'a btna ; 
 prima tail nata SDarcp S if raunccprqj fcffmoa, 
 JFimuB utrique faium fuUt fjcu male, p^fimc 
 315ts Dccima [ure ft nonas tt'ps'is inoe, 
 anno millcno o'ut c quaferq; tjtgcno. 
 STluarto pott anno ruit altera Die DuoDeno, 
 
 He was fucceeded by his fon jfobn Clop f on y of whom, as con- 
 neded with this village, nothing occurs. He was flierifF of the 
 counties of Norfolk and Suffolk 30 Henry VI. married Alice 
 Darcy of Maldon, in Effex, and died advanced in years 13 Henry 
 VII. He and his wife are buried under an altar monument of 
 grey marble, within an arch, on the N. fide of the communion 
 table at Melford : and at their heads are rtill remaining their 
 portraits kneeling, painted fmall in frefco, with the arms of 
 Clopton and Darcy (A 3 cinquef(xils G) on their drefs. It fhould 
 not be omitted, that not long before his death he was inftru- 
 mental in at Icaft repairing, perhaps re-building, that moft 
 beautiful chapel, now ufed for a fchool, at the E. end of Melford 
 chancel, as appears by the following infcription on the battlements: 
 
 ^x&v fo; t!)e fotcic of %^\\n l^pll, snii foi (Ijc foule of 3!ol)!i Clopton, cBfqiusre, anD 
 prai'foj tf)e foulcof Itv'cljarolLotJcDar, Botcler U)itb 3oljn Clopton, off tuljcs goDiff 
 tijis cljr.ppel rs tmba^ttjIlD, Ip 5)t3 eyccutojs. pray foj t\)t folDlts cf OTilltam Clopfoii 
 ©rqtoyeie, Q^aigcry, ana {pargcrp fjis tuifis, mtt) fo? all tijer parentis anD cljilDrcn. 
 anD foj tijc fctulc of aiif c Clopton, anD foj Soljn Clopton, ano foj all [jis cIiplDrcn, 
 anD fo? all tfjc foulis tljat t\)t faiD jQ\n is bounoe to p;as fo^, tufjirl) dccd tljijE! cljappel 
 ncVorcparc, A° Di m^cccc^lxxxxvi. 
 
 ' This is a miftake of the engraver's for Diury, as appears by the pedigrees of 
 both the famihes, as well as from the arms on this monument.
 
 Chap. HI.] OF H A W S T E D. 113 
 
 In a deed in his time, mention is made of the camping * pightel^ 
 which joined to the eart-fide of the church-yard : this, with the 
 cburcb-houfe, was let, in the next reign, for xiij s. iiij d. a year. 
 The field has entirely loft its name, which is the more re- 
 markable, as in fome parts this a6live game of our anceftors is 
 ftill much in fafliion. There is alio a large ploughed field, in 
 which a ftrip of glebe land lies, belonging to Filet's farm, called 
 Jidian''s, The labyrinths, and mazes made of earth-works, the 
 fcenes of ruftic diverfions of old, were in fome parts called 
 JuUarCs Bozvers. If any fuch exifted here, as from the name 
 tlrere probably did, the plough has levelled them, as in other 
 places, and the very tradition of the fport is forgotten \ 
 
 After his death. Sir IFm. Clopton his fon became poflcired of 
 this manor; and 19 Henry VII. by the name of Sir Wm. Clopton 
 of Melford, in the county of Suffolk, knight, fon and heir of 
 John Clopton, efquire, enfeoffed Sir VVra. Waldegrave, knight, 
 Sir Robert Peyton, knight, and feveral others, in it, to the ufe 
 of his will. To this deed he affixed the leal of Franceys, his 
 grandmother being an heirefs of that name : it is of red wax, 
 near an inch in diameter ; the fliield is reprefented as hanging 
 on a tree, which diverges at top into two round heads. 
 
 The next year he fold the manor and advowfon, with their 
 appurtenances, to Sir Robert Drury^ knight, in exchange for the 
 manors of Henfted and Blomftons, in this county, and m marcs, 
 cc of which were paid in hand ; and the refl were to be paid by 
 inftallments, between the hours of nine and ten in the forenoon, 
 
 ' Camping wns not only good exercife for the performers themfelves, but fup- 
 pofed alfo to be luch for tlic field on which they engaged, according to TulTer; 
 
 In meadow or p;irture (to grow the more fine) 
 
 I, et campers be camping in any of thine; ^ 
 
 Which if ye do fufter, when low is the fpring, 
 
 You guin to yourfelf a commodious thing. 
 " See riutchins's Hiftory of Dorfetlhire V. I. p. loo.-
 
 114 H I S T,0 R Y AN D AN T I Q^U IT I E S [Chap. III. 
 
 at the rode altar in the church of the monaftery at St. Edmund's 
 Bury. The deed is dated i6 Nov. 20 Henry VII. and figned 
 within the fold of the parchment, William Clopton, though it 
 is only faid that the parties have interchangeably fet their leals. 
 The feal is broken off. Several receipts on paper for the pur- 
 chafe- money are flill extant, and figned, " By 77ie Wyllyam Clopton, 
 knight^'' His feal, a ton, out of which iffues fome plant, per- 
 haps a caltrop, which might be contraded to the firft fyllable of 
 his name. 
 
 Sir William, 1 2 Feb. following, fuffered a recovery of the 
 manor, &c. to the ufe of Sir Robert Drury. To this is appen^ 
 dant a feal of green wax, reprefented in the plate N° I. and two 
 days afterwards, John, Robert and William, fons of Sir William, 
 releafed their title in the faid manor, &c. to Sir Robert. 
 
 Thusceafed this family's intereft here, after a continuance of 
 better than 140 years; and the; Drurys now engroffed almofl the 
 whole village. 
 
 The Cloptons took their name from a village in this county-: 
 from which they were probably detached very early, as there is- 
 no record that mentions their having any poflellions there.. 
 William de Clopton had property at Wickhambrook, 43 Henry 
 111. and his grandfon Sir Thomas acquired the manor of Kent- 
 well, in Mel ford, by marrying Catharine the daughter ami heirefs 
 of Wm. Mylde or Meld, who died 48 Henry III. It was his 
 brother Sir William who purchafed this manor, and probably 
 refided here: but his- fon felling it to William fon of Sir Thomasy 
 the family quitted this place, refiding at their noble feat called 
 Kentwell-Hall, in Melford, where they continued till Sir ;r////^/;z 
 Clopton left an only daughter and heir married to Sir Simonds 
 D'Ewes. Their only daughter Siffilia, who died in i66t, was 
 the wife of Sir Thomas Darcy, bait. Soon after the Revolution, 
 that eftate v\as in Sir Thomas Kobinfon, bart. whofe grandfon 
 
 Sir
 
 IV. 
 
 DrURY of ECERLY, Bl'CKS. 
 Sir Robert DRVRY,=pElizabLth, fole 
 of Egcrlv, Bucks, md I dauj^. and Iicir 
 fon of Sir Robert I ofE'lmuiid 
 DrUBY, of Hawfttd; | Brudtncll, 
 
 1 
 
 DRURYof BeSTHORPE; 
 William Drury, of=f=Margarct, ciaugntcr ana ion 
 Bcfthorpe, Efq; fecond j of William Bridges, of Qui< 
 fon of Roger DrURYj Norfolk, JiTing, as well a 
 of Hawfted, Efq; I hufband, 1591- 
 
 NoHFOtK. 
 
 ■Margaret, daughter and fote Iicir 
 
 ~ ■ ' " ~ idnam, 
 
 as her 
 
 To face p. 1 1 5, 
 
 died about 1575. 
 
 Rob. Drury,: 
 uf Bcflhorpc, 
 ETq; fon and 
 heir. 
 
 ^Elizabeth 
 
 Chfloid. 
 
 Sir Thomas 
 Drury, a 
 pricA. 
 
 JoANE Drury, 
 a nun at Biu* 
 lyard, Suffolk. 
 
 t Efq; 
 
 William Drury, of Bef-: 
 ihorpe, md fon, firft married 
 Mary, daug. of ... . Blcvcr- 
 halTet, wid, of Hen. Warren. 
 
 :Dorothy, dau. of Will. 
 Brampton, of Litton, 
 rcmar.to Will. Cocket, 
 of Ampton, Suffolk. 
 
 Cath.^ Ston- Anne=.... Bladwell, 
 
 Drury, ner,ofWal- Drury. of G. Thur- 
 
 thamForeft, low, Suffolk. 
 Effcx, 
 
 "1 
 
 John =pAnne, daug. of Robert Bramptoni 
 Drury. of Attleburgh, Norfolk. 
 
 V 
 
 Drury of Rolsby, Norfolk. 
 
 Fob. DRURY,=pAnne 
 of Egerly, Efqj ~ 
 ion and heir; 
 his next brother 
 Roger died 
 S. I. 
 
 Sir WiLI.iAM=f=Margaret.dau. 
 Drury, third 
 fnn.dicd Lord 
 Juflicc Gover- 
 nor of Ireland, 
 1^79, and was 
 buried at Dub- 
 lin. 
 
 of Tho. Lord 
 
 \\'cnt\v<inh, 
 
 md uife, and 
 
 widow of John 
 
 Lord Williams 
 
 of Thame j 
 
 mar. jdly, to 
 
 James Croft, 
 
 Efq; 
 
 Druuy of Lindsted, Kent. | 
 Elizabeth, dau. of Sir=SirDRUE Drury,' 
 Piiilip Calthorpe and of Lyndftcd, gent. 
 Areata Eulcn, aunt to ulher of the privy 
 Q^Anne Bolcn. Eli- chamber to Queen 
 labcth's firft hurt), was Elizabeth, one of 
 Sir Hen. Parker, K. B. the keepers of Mary 
 cideft fon of Henry Queen of Scots, died 
 
 Lord Morley; Sir 
 Will. Woodhoufe wa 
 her fecond hufband. 
 
 1617, aged 99. 
 
 ^Catharine, 
 only daug. 
 and heir of 
 William 
 Finch, of 
 Lynfted. 
 md wife; 
 died 1601. 
 
 EeMUND: 
 
 Drury. 
 
 = . . . . Trcnchard, 
 and hath iffue 
 Roger, living 
 
 Anne ^Robert Woodlefe, 
 Drvry. of Peterley, Bucks. 
 Marg. =Henry Trcnchard, 
 Drury. Efq; 
 Lucy =Roberi Tcfh, gent. 
 Drury. 
 
 Elii. —Rowland Hind, of 
 Drury, Hcdfworth, Bucks. 
 
 Will. ^Urfula, dau. 
 Drury, of Richard 
 Coo, of Suf- 
 folk,Efqiby 
 Jane Clif- 
 ford. 
 
 of Bef- 
 thorpe, 
 Efq; fon 
 and heir. 
 
 r" 
 
 Henrv Roger= 
 Drury, Drury, 
 parfon of of Rolfby, 
 Tcndring, Efq; 
 Effex. 
 
 Edmund 
 Drury, 
 
 parfoti of 
 Vclverton, 
 Norfolk. 
 
 Sir HebrY: 
 Drury, of 
 
 Egerlv, 
 knt. ' 
 
 Wli.LlAl 
 DllfRV 
 
 _JL 
 
 iSufan, dau. 
 of Hugh 
 Stukely, of 
 March, So- 
 merfetihiie. 
 
 Eliz. =Jobn Banks, 
 Drury. of Lower 
 
 Anne Shclford, 
 Drury. Cambridge. 
 
 Mary 
 Drury. 
 
 Jane =Rich. Chetwood, 
 Drury. Oxfordfiiire. 
 
 Anne =Robi;ri Hartwell, 
 Drury. of Northampton- 
 fliirc, Efq; 
 
 Drue Drury, Efq;: 
 only fon, bom i ;8S', 
 created a baroncr; 
 died 1631. 
 
 :Anne, dau. 
 of Edward 
 Wallgrave, 
 of Canficld, 
 Effex. 
 
 Eliz. = 
 Drury. 
 
 =Sir Tho. Wing- 
 field, of Lethcr- 
 inghamihisfirfl 
 wife was dau. of 
 Sir Tho. Gerard. 
 
 FRANCES=Sir Robert Boiiler, 
 Drury. of Wotton, Herts. 
 
 Anne =:Sir John Dcane, of 
 Drury. Mapleftcd, Effex. 
 
 Ei.lz.=William 
 Drury. Harborn, 
 of St. 
 Olaves, 
 
 Robert 
 Druky. 
 
 Frances 
 Druky. 
 
 M\RY 
 
 DkurY. 
 
 Sir Drue Drury,: 
 
 bait. 
 
 zSiifan, dau. 
 of Ifiac 
 Jonci. of 
 London. 
 
 n 
 
 William Drury. 
 HtNRY Drury. 
 
 r 
 
 _y^ 
 
 Will. Drury= 
 died 1639. 
 
 Ant. Drury, 
 died s I. 
 
 Bus. Drury, 
 dad S. I. 
 
 iMary Cockain, Anne, PhilipHar- 
 
 of London, by Drury. bord of 
 
 whom one fon, Sianning- 
 
 who died an hall, 
 infant. 
 
 Charles =; 
 Need ham 
 Vifciiuiit 
 Kilmurrcy. 
 
 -BftIDGET = 
 
 Drury. 
 
 -Catharine, 
 daugh. of 
 John La- 
 val.widow 
 of Lifter. 
 
 Cath. — Chamberlayn of 
 Drury, of Norfolk. 
 
 TaBi- =AndrcwClerk,of 
 THA. Wiaxham.Norf. 
 
 DoRo-=Rob. Conftable, 
 thy. of Ingham, Nor. 
 
 ANNE.=Fran. Watfon.of 
 Pclham, Effex. 
 
 \ 
 
 Dorothy 
 Drury. 
 Slsan 
 Drury. 
 
 Anne=W. Plcflfance, 
 cf Uran<Jon 
 Ferry, Norf. 
 
 Sir Drue=. . ..dau. and 
 Drury, heir of Lord 
 knt. Burgh. 
 
 Roger 
 Drury. 
 
 -Sir John Ei.iz 
 Shaw, Drury. 
 of EI- 
 tham, 
 Kent. 
 
 Hfnry 
 Drury, 
 gent, fon 
 iind htir. 
 
 Eliz. V 
 Cath. D 
 Mary D.== 
 JOANE D.= 
 
 Sir Roben Wodehoufe. 
 
 M'himborough. 
 Thurgood. 
 Gfiy, yf McnoD, 
 Noilgik. 
 
 Elisabeth, dau. and^Sir Rob. Drurv, bart.= 
 heir of Edward died 1712, S. Laeed 78. 
 
 Dunfian, of Wal- 
 dingfield, Suff. 
 
 =Elenor, dau. of=Diana, dau of 
 Samuel Harfiict, George Vilet. 
 of G. Franfliam, of Pinkney-H.ill. 
 
 Drue Drury. 
 
 Diana =Sir William 
 Drury. Wake, batt. 
 
 from whom the 
 prcfciit Sir 
 WilliamWakc, 
 bare. 
 

 
 III. 
 
 DRrRY of ICKWORTIt. 
 
 Drury of Hawsted. 
 (E ) Nicholas riRURY,=pJoanc, ^augliter of 
 of SaxhaminTliurfton, [ Tliomai Heatti, of 
 madethcfirftfepararion, Mildcn-hall, m 
 and is buried at Thurfion. \ Suffolk, Efq; 
 
 y\ 
 
 To face 
 
 P'lrj. 
 
 Henry DRunY,=^Eluabcth, daughter of 
 of Hires .ind Ick- t Gt>'ij;c Eaton, wlio 
 woith in Suffolk, had diveri cliil.lr.^n, of 
 cUIeft Ion, I whom only Jane rtmaincd. 
 
 -^ / 
 
 Avys.... — RoGP.R Drtjuv, nf=pFclicc, daughter of ^P Anne, cUu^litcr and cf)hc!r 
 HawftLd, Eiq; fucoiid William Dcnlon of of Williani HanningCleld. 
 
 ^ENRY DRURY, 
 only fon, died be- 
 fore tiicfaiht:! S. I. 
 
 T'Ho. Harvy, of = Jake Drury. only dau. = Sir William Carew, knt. 
 Jckuofth, Efqi bra- and heir, brought the ma- fourth fon of Sir Nicholas, 
 ther and heir of Sir nor of Irkworfh to the baron of Hidion, ftcimd 
 Giorgc, from whom Harvv?, bur. with her id hulband, d. ij^^i* 
 tlie Harvys of Ick- 
 wQith. 
 
 and heir, brought the ma- 
 nor of Irkworfh to the 
 Harvv?, bur. with her id 
 )iufband in Sr. Mary's 
 church, Bury ; v here, by 
 the by, Ihe is called M-irgaret 
 
 fon and heir after his 
 biothLT, oIj. I ^oo, bur. 
 at Hawftcd. Sec \i. 50. 
 
 Belthorp, Norfolk, 
 fccond wife. 
 
 Sir Robert Drury,] 
 of Hawflcd, knt. hn 
 and heir, a privy cojn- 
 fclIortoHcn.VlI.hir. 
 in St. Mdiv s in Bury, 
 with the T'. 
 
 —Anne, eldeft:= Anne Lady 
 I daughter of Grey, fccond 
 
 Sir William wife. 
 
 Calthorpc, 
 
 batt. 
 
 "T 
 
 John Drury, 
 cldell fon, died 
 a youih. 
 
 of Hanninjificld, in La' 
 Sutfok, third wifir, aftLi 
 John Baynard's death. 
 
 tJESTiianr. 
 
 Cath. Drury. =Sii Henry Strange, Margaret, dau.ssWiLLiA:^ Drury, 
 
 of Hunflan, Norf. and folc heir of of Befthorp, Efq; fecond 
 
 from whom tlie Will. Bridges, fon, lived 1491. 
 
 Stranges of Hun- of Quidnam, 
 
 fton. Norf. 
 
 Dr.LRY of Egerley. 
 
 lane, dau. and— Sir WlLLlAM DrurV,: 
 iicirofSirW. of Hanftcd.km. fon and 
 1)1. Maurc, heir, privy counftrllor to 
 
 kni.d.in child Queen Mary, died 1557; 
 bed, 1517- b. at Hawfted. Seep. 51. 
 
 lEliiabeth, dau. and 
 cohfir of Henry So 
 the!!, Efq; attornev- 
 general to Hen. VH. 
 fecond wife. 
 
 George Walgiavi.,= Anne Drl ry,= 
 of Suffolk, Eftji 
 from Sir William 
 Walgravc, of Smalbridgc. 
 
 =Sir Thomas Jcrmyt, 
 of Ruflibiook, from 
 whom Jermyn o( 
 Dcj^dcn, Suffolk. 
 
 Eliz. DrurY.- 
 
 =Sir Philip Bottilcr, 
 knt. from whom Sir 
 Philip, of Woodhail, 
 Herts. 
 
 Eridclt Drury. = 
 
 :Sir John Jcr- 
 nini^ham, of 
 Coffev, Norf. 
 
 Ursula DBURY,=Sir Giles Sir Re 
 buried at Hawfted. Aliington. ofEdg 
 See p. 51. 
 
 B, Dkury,= 
 :rly, Bucks. 
 
 =Elizabcth,fole 
 dau. and heir 
 of Edward 
 Biudenell, 
 Ef'li 
 
 Robert DRURY,==Audtey, dau. of Richard 
 Efq,cldc-ft fon.dic" 
 before his father. 
 
 icd Lord Rich, Lord Cham- Dru 
 I beiiain of England, temp. 
 I Hen, VIIl. and fiftcr of 
 
 \;e =;Sir C. Hcydon, 
 RY. of Baeonfthoi-p, 
 
 Norfolk. 
 
 Henhv Dfury, 
 twyne with Sir W. 
 Ilcond fon, and 
 R0Bi-.RT.4th fi<n, 
 buth died S. \. 
 
 Pvobcrt Lord Rich. 
 
 Mary — Robert 
 Drurv. Ruficll. 
 
 ~1 
 
 MakY =;SirRich. Corbet, 
 Drury, of Suffolk, knt. 
 aflcrwaids to 
 John Tcrril, of 
 Gippinir, El.j; 
 
 Henry DRURY,==Elizabcth, only dau. 
 of Lawlhall, in and heir of Thomas 
 Suffolk, Efq; fe- Ifaac, of Baddcw, in 
 cond Ton. Effex, Efcj; 
 
 DoROTHY=RobcrrRookwood, Frances— James Hubbard, 
 Drury. of Coldham-hall, Drury. of HaKlhail, m 
 in Suffolk, Elqi Norfolk, Elc^; 
 
 Bridget — Henry Yelverton, Eliz. = 
 
 Drury. of Rougham, in DauRY. 
 Norfolk, Efqi 
 
 =SirRoB. Drury, 
 of Rougham, in 
 Suffolk. 
 
 Thomas Drury, 
 born tliiid fon, now 
 fecond, living i6o:, 
 
 Eliz. : 
 Drury. 
 
 = . . . . Grey, 
 fecondly to 
 Nic. Mvnnc 
 of Waffiiig- 
 ham, Norfolk. 
 
 Bridget- 
 DrurT. 
 
 =Richard 
 Zouch, 
 of Pirton, 
 Wilts. 
 
 "T 
 
 Sir William Drury,= 
 of Hawlkd, tw\nc fon 
 and heir, flain in France 
 by Sir John Borougli, 
 
 knt. 1589. 
 
 ^Elizabeth, dau. of 
 Sir W. Stafford of 
 Grafton, knt. after- 
 wards married to 
 Sir John Scott. 
 
 Ethei.dred Drury, — 
 George Parker, of 
 Whepfted, Suffolk, gent. 
 
 Susan Drury.= Winifrid Drury, = Anne 
 Robcn Bafpole. Edward Markham. Jnlin 
 
 Soham, 
 
 Drury, ^^ 
 Thornton of 
 Camb. 
 
 Dorothy DiirRY,= 
 Edward BariKi, of So. 
 ham, Camb. 
 
 Susan 
 Drlry. 
 
 Charles Dri;ry, Efij; 
 Rcoiiil fon, Hain lu the 
 battle fought nc,\i unto 
 NcwiJOii in I-landtrs, 
 
 Sir RuEERT Drury,: 
 of Hawfted, knt, eldcft 
 Jon; died ibi^, buried 
 at Hawfttd. See p. 5;. 
 
 =Annc, dau- of Sir 
 NicU. Bacon, of 
 Redgrave, cldtfi fon 
 of the Lord Keepti ; 
 died Jun. 5, 1614. 
 
 Fpancfs Druby,= 
 eldclt daUE-hicr. 
 
 -Sir Nicholas, fon of Nicholas 
 Clifford, Efq; fccond brothtr 
 ofChffoidof Kent. No if- 
 fuc. Her fecond hudand 
 was Sir William Wray, of 
 Lmcolnfliife, kut. 
 
 Elizabeth DRURY,=Wllli3m Cecil, Efq; Ton and heir 
 ot Thomas Earl of Exeter. She 
 \va5'his fccond wife: died I'j^j, 
 aged 80: buried at Clcikcnwcll. 
 
 DiftNA DRk'RY.^Sir Edward Cecil, created 
 Vifcouiit Wimblcton, a 
 younger biother of her 
 iiriei's hufband : flic was 
 his fecond wife. 
 
 DoRO'i HY Drurt, 
 died an infjni. 
 
 Elizarf-tk Drury, died ifiio.agcd 14, 
 buned at Hawfted. See p. 53. 
 
 (E) TbiiKieiiOLA:,ibe &n of VicmttASi the firfl of the pipitlon. (from whom the Hoofe of Hawfted deftrndcd) »f[cr the d-ccafc of his fa'hcr an J mither, con'inued ioThurfton, in SaxheWi ane'ent P/7W, which his mother, befng rhe hcire, convryfd with other hnds to him and his hpircj wheredv it was tilled DubrtI. 
 He *nil He»lh. £«ii E w ih Ji.hn of Gjum Joke of I.».Kallcr. in ihi- corcri.nre for Spair. took, up ilieir irolfts, wh.ch ever fKhi-.i-. h"c continotd >n iheii levetal armeJ. He and his w^fc wcie buned in Thurfton church, in a chaptl ojj.&fue to bis father, with the T iu his armes in lundrv pUees of ihe th»pel lOd 
 
 mcr.t'ornd »bovf, 
 
 586; h.- moli tberefoT.- ha 
 
 ilicil Vfry young ; and li 
 
 Vihy ihc (dvemurcti io thit eijcdit.on n^i bp ibiii er^j/li, I eaiioot f.iy ; it du:s nut ■pi>eat to have had any tchgous nutivc, being undeitakcQ bj the duke to make good his tiaiin lo the croA'n of Cj(iilc.
 
 II. 
 
 Drurt of RoirCHAK' 
 
 (B.) Sir Roger Drury, knr. cldcfl fon.^zJfargery, daughter atitl fole htitcU o: 
 
 removed from Thurfton to Rougham, 
 a conliguous vilbgc, and palTcd his 
 laftwiM S Hen. V, 
 
 Sir Thomas Naunton of Cliavcnt in 
 Rougham, married about lo Ric. TI. 
 and died in 1405. 
 
 Drury of Wetherdei*- 
 
 JoHN Drurv of Wetherdeti, third fon, on whom 
 his father entailed his lands 7 R'c. XI. had a fon,. 
 ROCEP, to whom Sir Roger devifcd lands in Tof- 
 lock S Hen. V. 
 
 r' 
 
 Several Sons and Daughters, 
 who died S. I. 
 
 Sir William DrVRY.— Catharine, dau. of Sir Ottcs Swynford, by 
 of Rougham, knt. Ion 1 Catharine Roet, lifter of, Chaucer's wife, 
 and heir, died about 18 I and afterwards the third wife of jolin of 
 Hen. VI. Gaunt duke of Lancaftci. 
 
 Margert DRURY.atSir William CIopton» 
 judge, from whom the 
 Cloptons of Kentwell. 
 
 Mary Drl'ry,= Edward Grimflone, Efq; Thomas Drury,: 
 
 mar. 38 Hen. VI. from whom the Grim- of Rougham, Efq; 
 
 ftones of Rifliangles in fon and heir was 
 
 Suffolk. living 38 Hen. VI. 
 
 rCaiharine, daughter and 
 coheir of John Witwcll. 
 
 Roger. Dri^ry, Sir George Drury, Catharine and 
 
 fecond fon, died a prieft, parlbn of St. ANNE died nuns. 
 
 S. I. Mary's in Wolpit, liv- 
 
 ed 17, 2oEdw. IV. 
 
 Eliz. DRVRY.=Thomas Traas, gent, from Cath. Drury,= Rookwood, 
 
 whom Tiaas of Molton in both buried at Thetford ; from them 
 SulTolk. the Rookwoods of Eufton, 
 
 John DRURY,-T-Margar£t, (C.) dau. of Sir Wm. Felton, 
 
 if Rougham, 
 Efq; fon and 
 heir, died 149S. 
 
 ilias Chapman, to whom Chapman gave 
 his lands, on condition to take the name 
 and arras, 18 Edw. IV. 
 
 Clement Drurt,= 
 fecond fon, a feoffee 
 in fundry deeds, temp. 
 Edw. IV. He went 
 into Shropfiiire. 
 
 ^ufan, dau. of 
 Peter Rowton, 
 of Suffolk, Ef<ii 
 
 To face p. n^. 
 
 (B.) This Sir Reef I Rod his lidy «re buried iUhe iioFtli eift eonnrOfRflughim chorcb. und*r , a„ n 
 
 ich thtU fiE"«. in bnft. about foLir f«t high. The iofcrip.ion :j, ' ' ' ^^ '^*'«' *i»ta 
 
 i}\: jam Dns fiosus 3:'rui:p i^iTe^, qui oUnt nie ^en^. . . 
 
 anno Commt M^cccc°, u q9.useri3 Ojc" ty que ofcut mj mt 
 ""— -'^eptcb' aiinoEom(ntM=ccccV'». quorum aiab'^c- 
 
 ^en5 
 
 This, I believe, 11 now the moft ancient monumtni of the"Dauii vs thii can he afcertiined - and Utonr 
 
 miny olheiO " "wing to a pew having bten built over it. If pews, as Weeter compiaini, hide manv mT-!""'"" '"«' 
 
 dead, they faveiheraaJfofrcmdeftrudion. ' """= ""y moDua^u^f ^^^ 
 
 fC) By indenture, dated 10 Hen, VlH. Sir William Waldeerave, knighf, fold to Mahca«»t t^ 
 Rougham, widow, ihe watdfhip of EJmund Weft, lobe mirried with Dorothv Drury her dauX ."""T- 'f 
 
 otherindentme of the like date, the faid Mar c abet bought of Robert Radchffe, lord Kiti-wnlier anTp ^""^ ''*«'■ 
 wardft.p c f Elii.bett Day, one of the daughter, and heirs of Robert D-y, hte of Stctflone, in Norfolk d^l^cT'v"* 
 fte marned to her fecond fon Francis. ""'*' ""Mfed, whu,, 
 
 (D.) He and h.j lady are buried at Roueham, where, on the north fide of ihe chancel. ■ muni 
 
 tnTcrihril i ' •«•■"" 
 
 Corpora Domini Roberti Drury equitii aurati, primae Druriorum famili; 
 
 I monameiK ii Ui,, 
 
 . t.a fec.eiionbus Ma,„, qu.nd.m hu,', " 
 
 infiribed 1 
 
 " Memento n 
 « beths, uKorit ejns, filii Domini WUlielmi Drury dc H.nvftcd mihti 
 
 *• reeina, Confiliis) hie fpc cona refurgendi in Chnrto reponuniur. ObiiV ilia 19 Die lulii'Anno DorinT "T* "^' 
 •' .ero 9 Die April,, ,6a .. Cum anno, ^ta.is fvx 8t multa integri.ate, pietate etv.rtute compkvera ' ^"- "^^ 
 
 " Johannes Drury ipfojum Roberti el Elizabeth* fiUus fuperlles, pix parentum faorum obfcrvantii et m.^ ■ 
 " pofuit. '^ "icmonge trjo 
 
 From the Rougham branch defcended the late Sir Thomas Drory, of Overftone, in NorthartvtonlMrc kw w 
 two daughters and coheirs were manied to ihe prefenC ea.l of Buckinghamlh.re, and Lord Brownlowe II'a^W '^ 
 fent Rev. George Drury, of Claydon, near Ipfwicb, in VNhom only, and in bil irue, this ancient name funiv« iDLiiuwM" 
 
 \ 
 
 John Drury. = 
 
 Elii. DrurYjS 
 
 :Foulkc Grev, of Care- 
 brook, Korfolk, from 
 whom Grey of Civcn- 
 difh, Suff..ik. 
 
 r 
 
 Francis DRORY,=EliT. dau. of John Drury,= 
 
 fecond fon, lived 10 Robert Day of Rnugham, 
 
 Hen. VIII. died of Sterflon, Efq; fon and 
 
 S.I. Eft), heir, died 1553. 
 
 ^Elizabeth, dau. of John Gold- 
 ingham of BelAed, Effex, one 
 of the three coheirs of her mo- 
 ther Thomafinc Liflon. 
 
 Dorothy DRURY,=^Edmund Weft, of Corncrd 
 Mag.Suff. id hudand; Ro- 
 bert Downs of Melton, 
 Norfolk, id hufband. 
 
 Robert Dri'ry 
 eldefl Ton, died be- 
 fore his father. 
 
 ,==EIiiabcth daugh. of 
 
 i- f Thomas Tay, of 
 Effex, Efqi after 
 married to Edmund 
 Goodinci.of Thurf- 
 tnn, Suffolk. 
 
 y\_^ 
 
 William Drury, tliird= 
 fon, LL.D. judge of the 
 Prerogative Court, and 
 mailer of Chancery, died 
 
 15BS. 
 
 =Mary, dau. 
 of SirRich, 
 Southwell, 
 knight. 
 
 John Drury^ 
 fecond fon, late 
 of Godwitk, 
 now of Eaton, 
 both in Norf. 
 
 =pElenorc Sydney, of 
 ] Waifingham, in 
 I Noifolk. 
 
 Anne Drury, = 
 
 Francis Bacon, of Heffct, 
 in Suffolk. 
 
 William Drury.= 
 
 Humph. Drury, 
 
 T 
 
 Mary Drury, ^Edward 
 Page, of Framlingham, in Suffolk, 
 harbinger to Qjjeen Elizabeth. 
 
 To UN Drury, of PitIl-= Alice Apftey, 
 bcrgh, Suffex, LL.D. a of Pulbowcs, 
 maficr of Chancery. SufTcx. 
 
 (D.) Sir Robert Drury,==Eliz. Drury. John Drury, 
 of Roughnm, knight, heir to j youngeft, now 
 John his grandfatlier. | fijft aaui;hter of 
 
 o I youngeft, now 
 fiift daughter of 
 1 Sir Wu-LIAM 
 ' Dri RY, of 
 I Hawfted. 
 ~y^ 
 
 _,.,,,, , John DRURY,=Anne. dau. 
 
 cElt7abeth, daughter of ddLft fon, born ofEdmund 
 
 Claxton.of U- ,574, knighted Saunders. 
 
 %crmcte m Suffolk. by king James, 
 
 living 1607. 
 
 Geo. Drury, 
 born 1580. 
 
 Will. Drury, 
 third fon, bora 
 1584. 
 
 Rob. Drury, Bridget Drury. =Richard Hahing- Elu. DRuRY.=Edward 
 
 fourth fon, ton, of Bucking- Stokclby 
 
 born 1586. hall, in Here- of Nor- 
 
 fordihire. folk,Efij 
 
 Rob. Drury,= 
 Eliji fon and 
 heir, born 
 1570. 
 
 -Elizabeth dau. 
 of SirChajles 
 Crofts, of 
 liardweI!,Suff. 
 
 Edm. Drury, 
 fecond fjn,boru 
 
 John Drury, 
 third fon, bom 
 
 1580. 
 
 Tho. Drury, 
 fourth fon, born 
 
 Clement Drury, 
 bom 1585. 
 
 Dorothy Drury,: 
 
 n 
 
 ;John Prctyman, 
 of Baflon, in 
 Suffolk, Efq; 
 
 knighted by k, 
 James. 
 
 Eliz. DRURY,=Will. Playne, 
 
 bom 1575- °^ Prc-fton, in 
 
 Suffolk, Ef^ 
 
 Frances DrurVj 
 boru 15S4. 
 
 William Drurv, bom 31 Jan. 15^9. 
 
 Rob. Drury,— Marv, dau. 
 
 of . " 
 
 Radcliffe,of 
 Cambridge, 
 Efq; 
 
 FraKCES pRURY.=Farmer Pcpes, 
 ofSouihCreke, 
 NorfglJc,Ef4i 
 
 r^ 
 
 ^
 
 T To face p. 115. 
 
 The Genealogie, Pedigre, and Descente, of the ancient 
 
 Familie of the Surname of Dhury. 
 
 Drury, a Gorman gentleman, came in with 
 WilliBm tlie ConquL-ior. 
 
 V. 
 
 JOHN Dri'RY, Efquire, fonne of the Noirasn, 
 was of Thuifloii, near Bury, in Suffolk. 
 \ 
 
 John Drury, Ef4uirc, fonne of John, was of 
 of Thuillon. Approved by fundry deeds 
 without date. 
 
 1 
 
 Henry Prvry, Kfciuirc, fonne and heire of 
 John, was of Thurfton, as appcreth by dedes 
 fani date. 
 
 John Drury, Eiquirc, fonne and heire of 
 Henry, is in fundry dedcs, fans date, called 
 John oj Thurpn. 
 
 The riglit worlhipful and moft plentiful family of the 
 Druuvs, dcfcended from a gentleman of tint name, w ho, 
 as in tlieRoU of Battall Abbey appeareth, came from Nor- 
 mandy with King William the Conqueror, anno ^;Lx^■I. 
 in which dukedom tlipie is remaining, at this d?i) , a place 
 fo called, and fundry of the I'urnaine. The ofti-piing and 
 ilTuL' of this Norm.in gentleman haih greatly encicafed .nnd 
 multiplied, and tnoll piulpcrovlly continued uuto this time, 
 i5o2, being divided and fpread by many branches, and 
 fettled honles of good revenue and cillmation, in funtliy 
 counties of the realm. Part of which, with their ilTue and 
 matches cxpreffcd, and jfmsdcpifted, together v.-iih ccrtaii\ 
 collaterals, and hereditable houfcs with whom they joined, 
 are fiitbfully, particelarly, and carefully delivered ; in 
 which the travail and endeavours of Thomas Druiv, of the 
 Inner Temple, Gent, fourth fon of St Robj^i Drury, of 
 Roughain, in the county of Suffolk, Knt. hath been very 
 great, as well in featching and pernfmg divers records, 
 evidences, notes, pedigrees, and monuments, approving the 
 true defcent of this family j as alio m being the occailon, 
 that this pedigree Kath been reduced into the metliod fol- 
 lowing, as appertaining, in the firit place, to his faid fa- 
 ther, the eldetl houfe of the whole family, which hath 
 continued many years in good reputation, repleniihed with 
 knights and efquires, and greatly honoured with fold. cm 
 of notable name and memory. 
 
 Havifc, daug. of- 
 Richard Gixcnc, 
 (callcdatGiccne) 
 of Barkway near 
 London. 
 
 r 
 
 :H EN R V Dr U R Y, Efquire,: 
 fonne and heir of John, 
 w.is called Hairy of 
 'Thurfton. 
 
 =Scfile, dau. of John 
 Rcniie, of Tliurftort. 
 d. S. 1. 
 
 Roger Drury, 
 
 fecond fonne. d. 
 S. I. 
 
 ->^- 
 
 John Drury, Erquirc,-r-Amable 
 
 ibnne and htirc of Hen- 
 lived 19, JO, J 3 Edw. I. 
 
 daug. of 
 Thomas 
 Newton. 
 
 Nigel Drury, 
 fecond lonne, was 
 (hcriffof London 
 I Edward L 
 
 I 
 
 1. 
 
 SirRooER Drury, 
 a pricft, third fonne, 
 parfon of Bradlield, 
 Suftolk, had the ma- 
 nor thereof, which 
 continued with Drury 
 till i6oi. 
 
 MAun Drury, 
 eldeft daugliler, 
 died unmarried. 
 
 Alicb 
 
 D I'RY, 
 
 maiiied 
 to Willi- 
 am Svvccet- 
 ing or Suf- 
 folk, V.Uii 
 
 (A.) Nicholas Drury,: 
 of Thurlf on, Efiiuire, 
 lived 13 Edw. III. 
 palfcd his will 7 Ric. 
 IL and was buried at 
 Thurfton, without 
 the Tau. 
 
 ;Joan, daughter and heire 
 of Sir Simon Saxham of 
 Thurllon. 
 
 Sir Roger Drury, 
 fecond fonne, a prieO, 
 parfon of l}i.cketon, 
 temp, Edw. ill. 
 
 -A.. 
 
 Drury 
 of 
 
 R0UGH.\M. 
 
 DSURY 
 
 of 
 Wetherden. 
 
 Drury 
 
 of 
 
 Haws TED. 
 
 (.\.) This Nicholas, hy his wil', dated at Rougham, 7 Ric. II. entailed his lands to Sir R<iC5«, liis eldefl fon,an^l 
 his heirs maW ; the rtmaind'-r to Nicholas, his fecond fon, in tail; the remainder to John, his third fon, in tailj »rKl 
 for default of fuch iffue of hi« fons, to be fold and given in charitable ufes. He and his wife, with fundry of his anc-ftors, 
 were buried in '1 hnrllun church, ai a chapel built by the Dru rts, wbofe purirators and arms are remaining wiibom iheT. 
 
 This v.as in ifco;. There is not now, 1784, a'fingle memorial of the family remaning there, except two cliutcne.n.! 
 in glafs, one with, and the other without, the T, in the eaft window of the north irtc ; and a third in the roof of the foui t 
 iflc ; beneath which is a ilat (lone robbed of its hralfcs, probably for one of this family. This is > prof,l, amons m.. , 
 otht-rs, how much more fatal to cccicfiaftical antionitiei the reformers of tbe -^ »otury were thao chofe of (be ((uU.
 
 Chap. III.] OF n A W S T E D. i'5 
 
 Sir Thomas, early in this century, fold it to John More, abas 
 Mould, efquire, whole defcendants lliil poircfs it. 
 
 A younger branch of the Gloptons had for fome time been 
 featedat Lyfton, in Eflcx, about two miles off, where they con- 
 tinued till Poky Clopto::, M. D. a batchelor, left that eftate to hi^ 
 only filler, married to Edward Crifpe, of Bury, efq. Tbey 
 fold it to Wm. Campbell, efq; who now refides there. 
 
 The name, I believe, became extinft by the death of Dr. 
 Poky Clopton, in 1730, who left the chief part of his eftate 
 for the founding an holpital at Bury, for lix old men and fix old 
 women. His fifter died without iffue : her niece Elizabeth 
 Clopton was married, in 1746, to the Rev. Mr. Gilbert Affleck, 
 of Dalham, in this county, who died in 1763 ; Hannah, another, 
 was married to Martin Folkes, efq; of Chevely in Cambridgefliire; 
 and the iffue of thofe two matches are the reprefentatives of this 
 ancient, and refpeilable, family. 
 
 D RURY. 
 
 Having thus traced the lords of the two manors to the ex- 
 tinaion of their property in this village, I ill all now give fome 
 account of the Drurys, in whom both of them were firft united. 
 This family came into England at the conqueft ; immediately 
 after which, they were feated at Thurfton, in this neighbour- 
 hood, where they continued till Sir Roger Drury (who died in 
 141 8) removed to Rougham ; and Roger Drury (who died in 
 1500) became feated here. Their pedigree is here given from the 
 beautiful original in the poffeffion of Sir William Wake, hart, 
 •one of the reprefentatives of this family, and whofe kindnefs in 
 the loan of it, I feize with pleafure this occafion of acknow- 
 ledging. Mr. Blomefield mentions it ; but fays, he had no op- 
 portunity of making extracfts from it '. 
 
 ' liift. Norfolk, V.I. p. 185. 
 
 Q a This
 
 1 16 III S T O R Y A K D A N T I QJJ I T ! E S [Chap. III. 
 
 This Roger, by the name (if Roger Driiry, ofMawfted, efq; 
 became pofleircd of the manor of Bokenham's, 3 Edw. IV. it 
 l>eing then aiiigned him by William Colman, to whom it had 
 been releafed by John Alarih all, who, as we have feen before, had 
 been eftated therein by John Bokenham, and Alice his wife. He 
 died probably not long before his will was proved, which WTt? on 
 22 March, 1500, in the chapel of St. Leonard, near Norwich, 
 lie murt have reached a great age, as his father is faid to have, 
 attended John of Gaunt in his expedition into Spain, in 1386. 
 
 The will itfelf is dated 20 Jan. 1493; and at that time he 
 feemed doubtful of the place of his fepulture, which, was after- 
 wards certainly in this church ; to which he was yet very penu- 
 rious, bequeathing it only the contingency of a fermon once a 
 year for ten years: perhaps he w-as the lefs liberal, as the advow- 
 fon was not yet in his family. The will is extant in the rcgiftry 
 of the bilhop of Norwich, and contains fo many remarkable 
 particulars as to be w^orth preferving. 
 
 In Del nomine, Amen. I Roger Drury, of Hawlfted, in the com. of Suffolk, 
 cfqiier, beynge in hole mendc, and bcleyvins; as God and the church vvuld I 
 fliuld ', the XX dav of January, in the year of our Lord God mcccc and Lxxxxiij» 
 make my teftament in this wyfe. p'yrlt I bequeth my fou!e to Ahnyghty God, and 
 to our Lady Seint Mary, and to all the Company of Hevyn ; my body to be 
 buryed in fuche place wher I truft in God to afllgne at the t)'me of my dethe. Alfo 
 I will that mvn executors rcceyve ray detts, and pay my detts : and if any wronge 
 have I do ', as God defend, to any pertbn or perlons, duly provid and examyned 
 be my faid executors, I will they be rtftored. Alfo 1 wilL that if it pleale the 
 abbot of Bury, and his convent, to kepe a deryge for me in the qucre, and mafle 
 of requiem on the next day at the hey aultar, becaufe it pleafcd them to make me a 
 brother ' of their chapter, I will that the faid abbot have xxs. the prior vjs. viijd. 
 
 the 
 
 ' Notice hns been before taken of this profeffion of his orthodoxy. Seep. 6ji. 
 
 * This provilion is not iinfreqiient in old wills, and marks an .ige when the great were both 
 willing to opprels their inferiors, and able to do it with impunity. When death approached, they 
 lelt reinorie of conftience, and enjoined their executors to iedrefs injuries, of which none could be 
 iueli competent judges as thofc that had committed them. The prefent teftator, by the exprel5ion 
 " as God defend" (th:it is, forbid), implies his hope that he had not committed any: but how can 
 a man wrong another without knowing it, or without the other's complaining to him if he dares ? 
 
 3 Perlijns of the firft rank were delirous of becoming brethren of religious Ibcieties ; for they 
 were to paiticipate in the merits, of their prayers and other worthy adions, while living; end to be 
 
 prayed
 
 Chap. TII.l OF II A W S' T E D. li; 
 
 the fexten, iijs. iiijd. the felerer, iij s. iiijd. the chantor, iijs. iiijth and every other 
 iiionke prefte, xxd. and they that be no preftes, xijd.apcce. •, and this I will imme- 
 diately be doon after my deceaffe, as fone as it may. Alfo I bequeth to Anne 
 Baflet, the doughter of John Baflet and Elizabeth his wife, xls. to her maryage. 
 Alfo I bequeth to Mr. Thomas Coote, parfon of Hawfted,_for my tythes not full 
 content in tymes part, xx s. Alfo I bequeth to the hey auter of the church; s of 
 Harteft, Somerton, and Whcpfted, to iche of them, vjs. viijd. Alfo I bequeth to 
 the rcparacion of the church of Onhows, wher I am patron, xls. Alfo to the ij 
 houies of Frerers of Thetford, to iche of them for a derygc, and a mafTe, xiijs. 
 iiijd. To the nunnes of the fame towne, xxs. in 1\ ke wyfe to the Freres of Sud- 
 bury, xiijs. iiijd. in lyke wyfe to the Freres of Clare, xiiis. iiijd. lyke wife to 
 the white Freres of Cawmbrcge, iijs. iiijd. Alfo I bequeth to Ric. Jervcys, 
 xiijs. iiijd. to Agnes his wyfc, iijs. iiijd. to Willm. Hyndey, vjs. viijd. to 
 Henry Fynche, iij«. iiijd. to Bclamy, iiis. iiijd. to Nunne, xxd. to Roger 
 Aired, iijs. iiijd. to Elizabeth Drury, my fervant and kynefwoman ', x marks, 
 whech Roberd .my fonne hath in his kepyng. Alfo I will, and fpecyally defyer, 
 my faid executors, and John Bafle, to take heed to the yerly payment of Ixs. 
 by yer of annuitye, which George Nunne payth, and muft pay, during the 
 terme of xxxvij jcrs, from Mychclmas laft palle, which was the ix yer of kyng 
 Henry the vij, as by the dedys of the faid annuitye more playnlye apperyth : the 
 which xs. I will be fpent in red herynge, yerly, in Lenton, amonge the inhabi- 
 tants of Whepfled, fume more, and fume lefTe, as povertie requireth: and to be 
 bought and delyvered by the hands of the faid John Bafie, during his life, and 
 after his decefle, by the hands of luche on as lliall be named by myn executors. 
 Alfo I will, that Anne my wyfe have all fuch ftulTof houlfiolJ, utenfiles, plate, and 
 jewels, with the bocks [books] that wer her or [before] I maryed, withought any in- 
 terrupcon, or trobill. And 1 will that (he have of my plate, a gilt pece .... with 
 a bale foote, which weyeth xxiij unc. A (tandyng pece white and gilt, the which 
 weyeth xxvij unc. myn old filver bafon with the Drury's amies departed -, which 
 weyeth xxxvij unc. alfo my gilt ewer ^, the which weyeth xviij unc. Alfo I will 
 that fhe have my chafed pece with myn armys in the boiom, the which weyeth xij 
 line, becaufe flie hath ij peces of the fame fute. Alfo I wilt that fhe have my 
 playne flat pece, with a gilt knoppe, which weyeth xvj unc. Alfo I will that flie 
 
 prayed for by them when dead. When this Roger was admitted into the fraternity he mentions, I 
 know not; but in 1440, his elder brother Heniy, and Elizabeth his wife, with Humphrey earl of 
 Bueks, his countefs, and two Ions, Henry de ijcurcher eari of Ewe, and his fon, Anne ile \'cre, a 
 daughter of the earl of Oxford, and fcveral others, received this favour; when they gave tlie 
 nionaftery a grand entertainment, belides t'.vo rich copes with all that belonged to them. Regillrum 
 Ciu'teys. MSS. K. 
 
 ' The relations of perfons of rank and fortune fometimes waited upon them in the capacity of 
 fervants. The earl of Northumberland, about this period, was ferved by his lecond Ion, as carver, 
 by his third, as fewar. Houfchold Book. See alfo the Dilfertatiuu prefixed to the 3d volume of Air. 
 Warton's Hift. of Englifli Poetry, p. - 1;. 
 
 * Quartered. He bequeaths another bafon with his whole arms. 
 
 ^ \> hen Gremio was boafting of the finery he could bcftuvv upon his wife, he fays ; 
 
 -^^— — — ^ my houle 
 
 Is richly turniflied vvith plate and gold, 
 BaJ'oni and c'vueri, to lave her ilainty hands. 
 
 Taming of a Shi ew. A. II, 
 
 have
 
 MS HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. Ilf,. 
 
 have my powder-box ', which vveyeth vij unc. Alfo I will that Ihe have my 
 piimcr ' clothed with purpiil damafl<e; and niy boke clothed with red leather, in 
 which boke is the mafic of Jhu. Alio I will that flic have my white cotinterpeynt ', 
 which haih myn armys; my greene coverlyght " wrought with white coton, my 
 payer of fuflyans '', my hoole chamber * that I ly in, my ij bedds in my maicions 
 chamber hoole, with the change of fliets longyng to all the faid chambers. Alio 
 I will that (lie, have of myn other iliets and napery fuch parte as fhe thynkyth 
 neccITdry for her withought contradicon. Alfo I will that lioberd my fone have 
 my bocks of Latyn lying in my chapel! or longing thereto, the day of the making 
 . ot this my teflamenr, except the bocks before except. Alfo I will that he have 
 my ij vefhnents, on of cloih of golde, the other of red fylk, with ij corporafes ', 
 the ton lyke to the veftment of golde, the tother blacke velvet, with all the auter 
 clothes, frunteleys % and hangyngs concernyng to the faid chapell. Alfo I will 
 that he have to the faid chapell my gilt chaleys, weying xx unc. my ij Ilandyng 
 candleflykkes of xxiij unc. my ij cruets ' gilt and white xx unc. Alfo I will that - 
 he have my filver balbn with myn hoole armys, and the white ewer thereto, the 
 which weyeth "^^ and xj unc. Alio I will that he have my chafyng chafor of filver, 
 which vveyeth xxvij unc. Alfo I will that he have the xiij fponys, the which are 
 dayly in the borery, with the fquarc peynts, which weyen xiij unc. di et quart. 
 Summa v^in ^nd xiij unc. di et quart. Alio I will that the faid lioberd have my 
 gret cownterpeynt with the boufers '° armys, and my payer of ftamyns ". Alfo I 
 will that Anne the wyfe of the faid Roberd my fone have the choyfe of my two 
 
 ' Powder, originally employed to clean the hair, was not, I believe, iifed as an ornament, till 
 after the middle of the lall century. This powder box was probably for perfumed powder, which was 
 of early ule, particularly for the cloaths. In a copy of a waiclrobe account, 9 Eliz. in the poUeihon 
 of the duchels dowager of Portland, occur 6 lb. of fweet powder ufcd for the queen's robes, at 
 13 s. 4d. a pound. 
 
 ^ The primer contained a collei^ion of prayers, pfalms, h}nin?, &:c. in Latin andEnglifli; re- 
 tained, with alteration, after the Reformation. Brit. 1 opog. II. p. 323. 
 
 •* jS'ow called counterpane. An ornamental covering for the bed. 
 
 * Couvre lit, Fr. now commonly called a qui t ; a name not unknown formerly. 
 
 * Blankets made (if fullian. So in Chaucer, a great man, comf irting his daughter, who was 
 become melancholy, promiles her, among other luxuries and elegances, 
 
 Your blankets fliall be of fullayne. 
 
 * The whole furniture of my chamber. 
 
 ' The Cor^yraj was the confe crated hort, and the cafe in -ivhii h it was depofited was called the 
 Cnrforas Cafe, and fomctinics only the Ccrpcras. So in Blomefield's Hilt. Xorf. (wheie by the bye, 
 more ini'orniation relative to ancient manners and cuitonis may be collected, th;;n in periiaps all the 
 other county hillories put together) ; a caie of red velvet on one fide, for the Ci/rporaji- to be put in. 
 V. II. p. 513. Cerfnias Ca/t oi blew cloth of gold tiifue, with the Corporc/e tb£:ein rcajy hallo'wtci. 
 •639. Sometimes a cloth or covering was laid over this cafe ; as, z Ciyforai Kerchir, with tie cafe of 
 ivhilc damnO:, wrought with branches of gold, StC. 678. Two Corporai Cappes (Capfa.-, or Cafes) 
 one without a Cerchif. Hill. Dunwich, p. 158. 
 
 ' Cloths fi'r the front of the altar, more ornamented than the other parts ; as they often are at 
 prefent. 
 
 ' Thefe flood on the altar, and contained water, and wine. 
 
 '" Bourchers. 
 
 " Bhinkets made of wool. EianuKe, fnrte d'etnfTe legcre qui ert faite comipe la toile, avec de la 
 laine feche et degrailfce avec du favon i:oir. liichlet. Stamen Petticoa,t, with two guards, liafc- 
 ward Hoe, printed 1605. 
 
 mafers.
 
 Chap, in.] OF H A W S T E D. i'9 
 
 mafcrs ■. And I will that Margaret the wyfe of my fone William have the tother 
 maler. The on mafer with the cover filver gilt, weyeth xvj unc. and the tother 
 with the peynted cuver and the p;llt knoppe, weyeth xvj unc. Alio I will that 
 Anne the doughter of the laid Iloberd have my primer clothed in bawdtkyn '\ 
 Alio I will that William my fone have my ij Inglyflie bocks, called Boclias, of 
 Lydgat's ^ makyng. Alio 1 will that the faitl William have on of my fedyrbicd-ls, 
 with a traverfin" of the fame lute, lying in the chapell chamber. Alio I will thai 
 Anne my wyfe have of my cofers and chefts, fuch as (he thynkcth fliall be necelTary 
 for her. The relidue of my fluff of houfhjld in 'the keeping of the faul Robcrd 
 and Anne his wyfe, at the tyme of my deihe, except afore except, and except 
 nry plate not bequethen, I will that the faid Roberd my fonne have, Alfo I will 
 that William my fone have all fuche fhepe as I have at geyft ' at my deihe. The 
 fume of this n)y teftament, legat. in money, as it is above wretyn, drawith xxvji. 
 xii) s. iiijd. befide the x marke alTigned to E;|j2abeth Drury, the which x marke 
 Robcrd mv fone hath in keeping. Item, I will that c marke, the which try fone 
 Roberd hath of myn in keeping, in money and in plate, goe to the fyndyn of a 
 fcoler of Devenyte in Cawmbreyge * for x yer, gevyng him x marke yerly, if he 
 will pr&cheoncs in the yer, during the x yer at T'ury, and ones at Hawlted : and 
 if he' will not preche, then I will t!iat he have but viij marke by the yer. Alfo 
 I will chat Katrine, Jane, and Anne, the doughters of my faid fone William, have 
 cl. which is in ihe keping of tht- faid William, to ther maryage; that is to fey, 
 iche oi them l marke : and if anv of the iij fufters dye, I will tliat her l marke 
 be departed ' betwyn the todcr ij fufters ; and if any of the i j fullers intende to be a 
 
 ' Thefe mafers have been thought by Dii Cange and others, to have been bowls or ctips, made of 
 fome precious materials. Some have thought, that they were made of maple ; lometimcs at leall 
 they were. made of that wood, according to Spenier, who ipeaks of 
 A mazei y wrought <>( the mcif'/e It are. 
 
 Rlinfliew fays, they v/ere n.ade of the roots of that tree, which are remarkable for their beantifu} 
 veios. Perhaps they'were made of any wood, which, when turned and polilhed, (hewed an elegant 
 and variegated furface. Langham, in his Garden of Health, printed in i^uy, mentions the medictnal 
 virtue of the gumm of the mazer or ivtU iherry-lret. p. 1 36, They were fet or mounted with lilver, 
 as we often lee cocoa nuc-fliells at prefent. Among Cardinal ^A oliey's plate was a great malar, and 
 four fmall niMars, and a cover of wood. Gutche's Coll. Cur. II. p. 338. A citrious maier is en- 
 graven, and defcribed, in Gent. Maj.. 1784. p. 257. 349. 
 
 ^ Go d brocade, 'ihe riihert cloth. 
 
 3 About the nar 1360, Eoccacio wrote a Latin hidory, in ten books, c^led, de Cafibus Virorum 
 et Feminarum ilhnhium. It was foon afterwards tranflated ii\to French, by one Laurence, a French 
 cccleilallic. 1 his tranllation was the original of Lydgate's Potm, which conl'ilb of 9 books; and 
 in the earlieft edition, printed at London, without date, in the reign of Henry Vlll. is thns entitled, 
 " The Tragedies gatheied by jhon Bochas, of fuch princes as fell from theyr ellates, through the 
 " mutabilitie of fortune; liuce the creation of Adam until h_\s time, &C. nantlattd into Englifli 
 " by John L-, dgate> nioiike of IJujy-" Warton's Hill. Knglifti Poetry II. p 61, 2. 
 
 'I his was the book bequeathed; and being yet in MS. was certainly a valuable legncyi There 
 were probably feveral copies of this work in this neighbourhood. 
 
 * This word occurs in the Royal W iUs, p 7 ,. and nieans a Erlfier, which lies aaof^. . 
 
 5 Thefe are now called, yoift Cattle ; und are the cattle of other peopie taken to paftnre at fo 
 much a week or month. Thele in quefticn could not be fuch; they were perhajjs nicli-i^S were 
 tat, and fit for (laughter. Or did he happen to have any of his own at Giyji, at this ti.i-':-? 
 
 * How much our ancellors attended to this objeit, the numberlefs exhibitions, ibU e.\iiiing in our 
 univerlities, are a proof. See alfo Kennett's I'arcch- Antiq. p. 214, 15. 
 
 ' Divided. So in the old fervice of matrimony, " liU Death us Ifa-i." . 
 
 6 ^ woman
 
 120 HISTORY AND A N T I Q^U I T I E S [Chap. TIL 
 
 woman of religion ', than I will that fhe have x marke, the day of her profeflion, 
 the refidue to be departed betwyn the tother ij fufiers; and if ij of them dye or 
 they be maryed, than I will that fhe that furvyveth, hath c marke ^ of the faid cl. 
 and the l marke refidue I will be difpofed by the difcrecon of my faid fone William, 
 my fone Iloberd, and Katrine my doughter, to the profyte of his other children. 
 And if all the iij fuflersdyen, then I will the faid cl. be difpofed of the difcrecon 
 of my faid fone William, Roberd, and the faid Katrine, among his other children, 
 as the cafe lliall require. The which cl. I will my fone William have in kepyng 
 tyll the faid doughters be maryed. And if the faid William dye, or they be 
 inaryed, than I will my fone Iloberd have the cl. in kepyng tyll the faid doughters 
 be maryed. And for the performance of this my tellament and lad will of my 
 meveable goods % I make myn executors the faid Roberd my fone, and William 
 my fone. 
 
 He was fucceeded by his elded fon Robert, {o often mentioned 
 in his will; who in a mortgage "* made to him of a melTuage and 
 two crofts, in Pynford Street, in this village, i Henry VII. was 
 called Robert Drury, of Hawfted, Efq. One of his firft ads after 
 his coming to his inheritance, feems to have been the procuring 
 from the pope a licence for the chapel in his houfe ; which yet 
 wiis certainly in ufe before, as his father left it fo handfomely 
 furniflied, at his death. This licence bears date the 7th of the 
 calends of July, i o pope Alexander VI. which is 25 June, 1501, 
 and is as follows : 
 
 Julianiis miferatione divina epifcopus Oftienfis, diledto in Chrifto Roberto Drury 
 nobili Norwicenfis diocefeos, falutem in Domino. Ex parte tua fuit propofuum 
 coram nobis, quod, cum quedam capella in manerio tuo de Halftede difte diocefeos 
 quafi per unum miliare vel circa a parochiali ecclefia de Halllede diftec, adeo quod 
 propter hujufinodi diftantiam, hiemali et aliis temporibus anni, propter nives, 
 glacies, imbres et inundationes aquarum, et viarum difcrimina quibus illa.regio 
 
 ' If one became a nun, flie was to have x rnarlce (or vjl. xiijs. iiijd.) the day flie took the 
 . Veil. This, 1 i'lippofe, was the ufual fum which religious locietits at that time received, for the 
 maintenance of a young woman daring her life. One of them was a nun at Brufyard in this 
 conn--. 
 
 ^ So at all events, no one was to have more than c maike (or lxvj 1. xiijs. iiijd.) which was 
 doiibtlefs thought an ample fortune for a gentleman's daughter. 
 
 3 He fays meveable (inoveable) goods; for a man could nut difpofe of his lands till 32 Henry VIII, 
 which is the reafon that we find the teftators before that time, lo budly employed in difpofing of 
 their ptrfonal efte^s, and totally (ilent about entailing or felling their manors, SiC. 
 
 ♦ The deed is indented at top, and on the left fide ; the indentures being marked with large 
 i^ditpidiated capital letters ; a cuftom frequent in thi?, aad the reign oi Edward lY. 
 
 habundat •,
 
 Chap III.] O F H A W S T E D. izi 
 
 habundat ; pro miflis et aliis divinis officiis audiendis, tu ct uxor tui, acheredcs ct 
 iucceflbres, et iamiliares tui, ac alii pro tempore cicclinantcs, prel'ei tiin domiiiicis 
 ec aliis feftivis dicbus, prout teneniini, didani parochialem ccckfiair) coiDmode, 
 prom tu et uxor tua, ac heredes ec luccenbres, ac familiares piedidi velletis, 
 accedere non poteftis, defideratis in didta capell.) in manerio predit^to, que nonduni 
 coniecrata exiftit, per prefbyterum ydoneum fecuhirem vel regularcm, pro tempore 
 deputandum, miffas et alia divina officla celebrari fticere,- et ea audice, ac Eucha- 
 riftiam et queciinque alia facramenta ec facraruentalia ecclefiaftica, quoiiens tuerit 
 opporcunum, ab eodcm prelbycero recipere, quod vobis minime permittitur abfcjue 
 iedis apoflolice difpenfatione et licentia fpeciali ; quare fupplicari fecilli humiliter 
 tibi et uxori ac heredibus ct fucceflbribus et familiaribus tuis predidis in perpetuuni 
 
 fuper hiis per iedis predifte clementiam provideri. Nos igitur attendentesj 
 
 quod in hiis que ad divinum cultum pertinent favorabiles efles debemus et benigni, 
 tuifque in hac parte fupplicationibus inclinati; auftoritate domini pape, cujus peni- 
 teiiciarie curam gerimus, et de ejus fpeciali mandato luper hoc -vive vocis oraculo 
 nobis fadlo, ut per quemcumque prefbyterum ydoneum fecularem vel regularem, 
 per to ec heredes tuos ac iucceflbres prediftos deputandum, cum altari portabili, ec 
 aliis rebus ad hoc neceffariis et opporcunis adhibitis, veftri ordinarii ec loci predid:i 
 retloris aut prefbyteri parochiani licentia minime requifua, miffiis et alia divina 
 ofRcia, dominicis et aliis fcftivis ac profeftis diebus prouc videbitur, celebrari 
 facere et ea audire, ac euchariftiam et quecumque alia facramenta ct facramentalia 
 ecclefiaftica ab eodem (felto pafchali duncaxac excepto) libere et licice recipere 
 poUicis et valeacis ; jure tamen parochialis ecclefie in omnibus femper falvo, et fine 
 alicujus juris prejudicio, tibi ac heredibus et fucceflbribus utriufque fexus ac pref- 
 -bytero predidlo (veris exiftentibus fupradictis), tenore prcfentium liberam conce- 
 dimus facultatem ; ac tecum et heredibus ec fucceflbribus ac prefbytero prefatis 
 fuper hiis difpenfamus in pcrpetuum, conftitutionibus apoftolicis ac provincialibus, 
 et lynodalibus conciliis editis generalibus vel fpecialibus, nee non Otconis et Oftoboni 
 ©lim in regno Anglie apoflolice fcdis legatorum, ceterifque contrariis non obflancibus 
 quibufcumque. Dacum Rome apud fandtum Petrum fub figillo ofiicii pcnitenciaric 
 vij kal. Julii, pontifieatus domini Alexandri pape vj anno decimo. 
 
 Appendant to the above, by a ftrong woven cord, is a thin 
 feal, reprefenting I believe (for the imprefTion is rather obfcure) 
 a perfon feated under a Gothic canopy, and holding a child ; 
 beneath is an efcutcheon with two keys in faltire, furmoiinted 
 by a triple crown, circumfcribed, sigillum oficii sacre pe- 
 iviiTENciARiE ap'lice. It is of white wax, incrufted on the 
 fide of the impreffion with a thin coat of red. A fharp oval, 
 3 4 ^y I I inches, fecured in a tin cafe by the cord before-men- 
 
 R tioned
 
 122 HISTORY AND ANTICLUITTES [Chap. HL. 
 
 tioned palling through its back and the cafe, and tied to the 
 deed. 
 
 The above is tranfcriSed, as not being in the common form; 
 for thefe licences were not generally granted by the pope, but 
 by the bifliop of the diocefe, who did not prefume to grant 
 thefe domeltic chapels fuch privileges, and make them fo nearly 
 independent of the parifli church, as his holinefs did. The 
 general requifites for granting thefe licences were, that the 
 perfon fhould be a man of rank and confequence (nobilis), an 
 invalid, or living at a diftance from the church : the laft of 
 which circumftances is, in the prefent inftance, aggravated by 
 the badnefs of the roads, which is defcribed with all the wordy 
 parade of a modern conveyancer. 
 
 The portable or moveable altar granted in the above licence 
 was fo called to diftinguifh it from the larger and more folid one 
 of mafonry : and at this perhaps malfes might be celebrated in. 
 any apartment in the houfe. Thus Sir John Bardolf and his 
 wife had a licence from the pope, in 1353, to have a portable 
 altar, upon which a proper prieft might, in a fuitable place,, 
 in their prefence, celebrate mafles, and other divine offices '. 
 They had fometimes very difliinguifhed privileges annexed to 
 them. Thus Baldwin, abbot of Bury, in the time of the 
 Conqueror, brought one of them of porphyry from Rome, well, 
 furniflied with reliques, and at which, as long as the convent 
 preferved it entire, malfes might be celebrated, though the 
 whole kingdom lay under an interdi6f, unlefs the pope inter- 
 dicted that by name \ 
 
 My friend Mr. Feun, of Dereham, has in liis polTellion one 
 of thefe implements. It belonged formerly to Mr. Thomas 
 Martin, who efteemed it a finguiar curiolity. It is made of. 
 
 " Hid. Norf. Vol. IV. p. 210; 
 ? Battely's Antiq, Bur. p. 48. 
 
 woodj.
 
 Chap. III.] OF H A W S T E D. 123 
 
 M'ood, in the fliape of a reading deflv ; 16 '- inclics high, t8 
 wide, and 1 1 deep. The front part is of box, carved in high 
 rehef with the traiHng branches of the vine. The fides are ot 
 oak, on the upper parts of which are fculptured the branches 
 of the fig tree ; and lower down, the emblems of the Evangeliils, 
 two on each fide. The whole is coloured and gilt upon a white 
 incruftation. The inclining part at top opens ; and the front 
 occafionally falls down : upon this latter, I fuppofe, were placed 
 the confecrated elements, while the book refted on the upper 
 part. Within are drawers, and niches, for the hoft, reliques, 
 &c. See an engraving of this flirine in plate IV. 
 
 A few years after his father's death, namely, 20 Henry VII. 
 Sir Robert made, as we have feen, the defirable purchafe of the 
 principal manor ; and by afterwards induftrioufly buying every 
 little parcel of land that could be procured, became the pro- 
 prietor of almoil the whole village. And as a fpccimen of the 
 concife manner in which conveyances were then fometimes 
 made, the following is fubjoined : 
 
 This bill witneneth, That 1 Robert Gippes, of Cowllnge, in the county of 
 Suffolk, Hiifbondman, knowlege me by thele prefents to have foide unto Sir Robert 
 Drury, knight, half of a meffbage, and of five acres of land and oon half, and a 
 rode of medow and pafture lyeing and fituate in Hawftede, to hym and to his 
 hsires for ever, for five pounds of lawful! money, the whiche five pounds I 
 knowleg? me to have receyved ; and the feid Sir Robert, his executors and alTignes 
 thereof, and of every parcel of the fame, I acquit and difcharge for ever. In 
 witnefTe whereof to this bill 1 have fet my feale, the vj day of January, the vij yer 
 of king Henry the Vlllth. 
 
 Sir Robert was privy counfellor to Henry VII. and i Henry 
 VIII. procured licence to impark 2000 acres of land, and 500 
 of wood, in Hawfted, Whepfted, and Horningfheath. He died, 
 1 fuppofe, foon after 24 Henry VIII. for that year, he and 
 Thomas Bacon, gentleman, and Roger Sturgeon, enfeoffed Sir 
 Robert Norwich, chief juilice of the King's Bench, and feveral 
 
 R 2 others,
 
 124 HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. IIL 
 
 others, in his manor, &:c. of Hawfted, for the purpofe of ful- 
 filling and executing his lall will. From his fliaking hand, he 
 was then probably old. His feal of red wax is a fmall antique. 
 The deed is indented, without letters at the edge. He was 
 buried in St. Mary's church at Bury, under a large altar monu- 
 ment of ftone, which is beneath the laft arch of the chancel 
 towards the eaft, on the fouth fide. Weever attributes this to 
 a Roger Drury, who died in 1472, and Agnes his wife, who 
 died in 1445 ; of both of whom the pedigree is filent. But 
 the woman's head-drefs is of a later period ; and the whole is- 
 evidently of the fame date as that oppofite to it, for Sir William 
 Carew, who died in 1501, and whofe wife in 1525; flie was 
 firlt coufin to Sir Robert : All that remains of any infcription 
 on Sir Robert's monument, is this diiliich, on the wooden, 
 palifades ; 
 
 Suche as ye be fome tyme ware wee, 
 
 Suche as wee are, fuche fchall ye be. 
 
 Sir William Drury, his fon, fufFered a recovery of the manors- 
 of Hawfted and Onehoufe, 27 Henry VIII. Four years after- 
 wards he procured a grant of the contiguous manor of Whep- 
 fted, with the advowfon, that had lately belonged to the mo- 
 naftery of St, Edmund. This muft have been a capital addition 
 to his poffeffions. The pedigree makes him marry a daughter 
 of Henry Sothell, attorney general to Henry VII. But no fuch 
 perfon appears in Sir William Dugdale's feries. Robert South- 
 well iniles was made Mafter of the Rolls, 33 Henry VIIJ. and his 
 fucceflbr appointed 4 Edward VI. 
 
 By the grants which he obtained from queen Mary he ap- 
 pears to have been a favourite of that princefs : his teftamentary 
 difpofition of one of them is worth noticing. He had pur- 
 ehafed the wardlhip and marriage of the heir of the Drurys of 
 
 Rougham^
 
 Chap. III.], OF H A W S T E D. 125 
 
 Rougham, who, he intended, fliould marry his daughter Eli- 
 zabeth: but if any difagreement on cither fide fliould happen, 
 he does not infill that the marriage fliould take place; but 
 dire(5ls, that his faid daughter fliould, in that cafe, have the 
 whole advantage that might arife from the wardfliip and mar- 
 riage. A Angular legacy to the young lady, whom he had 
 deilined for his ward's wife. The match of courfe took place, 
 when the minor was thus thrown into his miftrelTes power. 
 
 He was one of the knights of the fliire from 7 Edward VI. ta 
 the time of his death, which happened, as we have already feen 
 by his epitaph, 11 Jan. 1557. His will is extant in the regiflry 
 of the prerogative court of Canterbury ' ^ and needs no apology 
 for its infertion. It is often from thefe records alone that we 
 can become acquainted with the property, relations, modes of 
 thinking, and feveral other particulars, of our anceftors.. 
 
 In the name of God. Amen. I Sir William Drurye, knight, the xxvjth dav 
 ©f December, in the yere of our Lord God a thoufande five hundred fittie and 
 feaven, make and ordeyn this my prelent tertament and laft will, m manner and 
 fourme following ; that is to faye, Firde, 1 geve and bequeath my foule to Almightie 
 God, our Ladye Sainre Marye, and 10 all tholly companye of Heaven; and my 
 bcdie to be buried within the churthe of Hawfted by my firft wif, after and ac- 
 cordinge to, my degree, by the difcretion of myn executors. And by this my 
 prefent teftament, and lafte will, 1 revoke, and adnuUe, all other wiiies and tcfla- 
 mentis by me before this tyme made : and 1 will that no perfonne nor perfonnes 
 fhall take any advantage, profit, or commoditic, by reafon of any fuche telUm.ent, 
 or will, by me at any tyme before this tyme made. And to fulfill this my prefent 
 teftament, and laft will, and every thinge that is, or (hall be, therin conteyned ; I 
 make and ordeyne myn executor, Elizabeth my wif; and I ordeyn, and fpeciailye 
 defire. Sir Richard Kiche knight Lcrde Kiche, to be a fupervifcr, to call upon 
 myn executor for the true perfourmance, and execution, of this my prefent tcfla- 
 menf, and laft will •, 10 aide and helpe her in fuch things, as flial be requifne and 
 neccfiarie for the fame : and I geve unio him. for his paynes and trienddi'.p therein, 
 a gilte cuppe with a blue flower in the topp. And I will, that my faid wif and all 
 my children, and Bredget Jervis, have every of them a blacke govvne; and every 
 
 ' The gratification of curiofuy is frequently not a little experfive. In the prefent inftance, the 
 previous liberty of cxarr iniiig, the fees ot office, and a gratuity to the trariferiber, coft one guioei ; 
 bciides thirteen fix penny Itanips upon the thiee flicets. of paper. 
 
 of
 
 126 HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. III. 
 
 of my houfholde fervaunts, blacke coates. And I will and require, my faide executors 
 to pay my dettis, as fone as they convenientlie may. Item, I gcve and bequeth to 
 Elizabeth my wif fortie pounds worth of my plate, after the rate ot vjs. the 
 ounce and all crilt, and vs. filver and parcel ' gilt, if it can be convenientlie born, 
 and my dettis being dlfcharged and trulie paid. And I geve and bequeth alfo to 
 my faide wif;, all the refidew of my plate, to be difpofed to my children, and my 
 fonne Roberte's children ; fo that my dettis may be well and trulie paide of the 
 refidew of my goods and cattales, and this my prefent teltament, and laft will, alfo 
 performed with the fame refidew of my goods, and with the yfTues and profittes, 
 rentes and fervices, of fuch mannors, lands, tenements, and hereditaments, as here- 
 after be willed, devifed, and alTigned, to my faid executor, for the terme of certayne 
 veers: and fuch parte of the fame plate as William Drury, my fonne Roberte's 
 eldeO; fonne, fhall have to be delivered him at his tull age. Alio I geve to my faid 
 wif, thirtie payer of good fheets, fixe fetherbcdds, and vj mattrafl'es, with boUlers 
 for them i of whiche fetherbedds, two of them be in myn owne chamber-, and I 
 geve unto the fame Elizabeth my wif, the fparvers ^ and hangings of the fame two 
 beddes, ufually occupied and hanging over and aboute the fame two beddes : and 
 alfo the hann-inCTS ' aboute myn owne chamber, and the hangings in the mayden's 
 chamber, where Elizabeth Holt did lye. Alfo I geve unto my faid wyf fix pillowes 
 of downe, one truffing cofer *, and the cofer of walnott tree, and one great fliipp 
 cofer 5 ; and fix carpet cufshinnes % the bed (he will chule; and one cuishinn of 
 lilke wrought with the nedill ; three cufshinnes of fattin paned; one carpiit for a 
 cupbord •of thofe whiche were of her owne making. And alfo I will that fhe 
 lliall have all her chaines and jewelJes, with all her appareill belonging unto her. 
 
 " Partly gilt. So ShaVfpeare has, " a parcel-gilt goblet ;" and, ■" a tapfter, parcel-bawd." This 
 partly-gilt plate is called in Sir Roger Dniry's will, before recited, " gilt and white." 
 
 ^ Ajhariter fecms to have been that frame, with its \alances, at the top of the bed, to which 
 the curtain rods were fallencd ; including perhaps foinetimes the teftor, or head-piece. A /parvcr 
 
 pur le corps „ . . _ . .... 
 
 .over the iepulchre of oiu- Lord, on Good Friday, when the Fix, containing the confecrated Hell, 
 
 or body of our Lord, was placed on it. See Hift. Norf. V. I. p. 517, 18. 
 
 3 The old hangings were generally of arras or tapeftry, fulpended from the cornice by tenter- 
 hooks, and eahly removed. 
 
 ♦ A cheft in which cloaths, bed furniture, &c. were packed up. A trufflng-hed was fuch as could 
 be ealily packed up, and removed. A cloth iek horle that caryeth my lord's trujjlnge bed, and all 
 things belongynge yt, when he rydes. See the Houfehoid Book, p. 3^9. 
 
 5 A large ftrong cheft, like thofe ufed by failors on fliipboard. Cofers, or chefts, were not 
 triflino- legacies, being often curioufly wrought, and of coftly woods, as cyprefs, &c. 
 
 ' Cufliions covered with carpet lluft"; or do they mean fuch as were fometimes laid upon carpets, 
 on the tloor ? for though fuch carpets were not commonly ufed, j-et perhaps they might be iome- 
 «ime!. The earl of Monmouth tells us, in his Meinoirs, that upon his arrival at court, he found 
 oiieen Elizabeth ///"/.g loi\) upon her cvJIjIoiis, p. 136. She had culliions laid for her in the privy 
 .chamber, and there flie heard fervice. From that day flie grew worfe and worfe : file remained upon 
 her cvjloioiis four days and tiighii at the leaft : all about her could not perfuade her to go to bed. p. i ^Z. 
 On her great feal, her feet reft on a cuiliion. in Hoida Angel Cy nnan, III, pi. 15. a carpet is 
 fpread on the floor before her. 
 
 And
 
 Chap III.] OF H A W S T E D. 
 
 12' 
 
 And alfo I will that my faide wif have the fecond veniment ' with the albe % and 
 all that belongcth to it, for a prceft to finge in. And I will that my laide wif (hall 
 have the realbnnable wearing and occupying of all other my beddes, fparveis, 
 hanginge for beddes, curtaines, plate, cofers, chcllcs, ilieetcs, table cloothes, and 
 naprye, and hangings for chambers, and all other hangings whatfoever they be, or 
 fhnll happen to be, at the tyme of my deceafe, until luch tyme as my heire fhall 
 accomplilh his full age of xxj years ; and then to be left for the furniture ot my 
 houfe at Hawlled, except fuch as fliall heraftcr in this my prcfent teftament be 
 Gtherwife devifed -, lb as my dettis be paid and dilcharged, and other legacies in this 
 my prefent tefiament fulfilled. Alio twill that the laid heire at his full age have 
 my beft veRiment, with the albe, and all that belongeth to it, and the belt auker 
 clothe, and all the refidew of the veftimentis and aultcr clothes, with the ftulF in 
 the chapell, except fuch as I have before bequethed to my faid wif. And alio I 
 geve unto my faid heire, at his full age, all the evidences 3 of myn inheritance, 
 which fhall remayne, defcend, and coiv.e to him, with the boxes wherin the fan)e 
 evidences, or any parcel of them, be. And I geve and bequeth to my faid wif 
 two brafs potts, two fpits, a kettill, and two pofnets * : and I bequeth to my faid 
 heire, at his full age, all the refidew of my brafs pottSj with the refidew of my fpitts, 
 with racks of yron to tourne fpitts in ; two kettills, and a panne, with a garniflie of 
 my beft veffill ^ And I will that my faid wif fliall have one other garnifhe of 
 my belt vefiill next that ; provided always, and I will, that all fuche ftuffe of 
 houdiolde, plate, goods, and chattales, as I have afore geven to my faide heire, to 
 be delivered to him at his faid full age. And I will, geve, bequeth, and affigne 
 unto my faid wif, the manners of Hawfted Hall and Talm.age, otherwife called 
 Buckenham's,. with their appurtenances, and all other my landcs, tenements, and 
 hereditaments, in Hawlled, Newton, and Sidolfmere, which late were my father's 
 Sir Robert Drurye, knight, or any oi-her to his ufe ; to have aod to hold the faid 
 mannors, landes, tenements, and hereditaments, to my faid wif and her afllgnes, 
 for terme of tenne yeers next, and ymmediatelie following after my deceafe, to- 
 
 ', The piincipal veftment ; which was a cope iiiade clofe on both fides, and open only at the top 
 and bottom ; fo that, when the prieft had occafion to ufe his hands, he took up the garment befgre.- 
 It was often of very rich fluff. 
 
 ^ The albe was not very unlike the furplice; only the (leeves were clofe at the wiifts. It had on 
 it alfo fonie pieces of linen, emblematical of the four nails driven into Chiift's hands and feet. 
 
 » To judge from thole that have come into my hands, few families have been more careful than 
 this of the prefervation of the evidences of their eftates. 
 
 * Little bafons or porringers. Chaffing difhes, fofnets, and fuch other filver veffcls. Lord Bacon. 
 Thefe in queftion were doubtlefs of baler metal. 
 
 5 Garnifh of veffell, was a fervice of pewter, or fome other metal, probably gilt, or v.afhed over; 
 for vi'hich reafon, in the Northumberland Houflrold Book, it is called, ?l garnjh of counterfeit I'tJftlL- 
 A garnifli of it coft xxxvs. ; and two of them ferved a year. In another place, it is called, toiigO 
 feivter viffel; and, what is ftrange in the family of fo opulent a nobleman, an hundred dozen of it 
 were hired by the year, at iiijd. a dozen. When Warham was enthroned archbiQiop of Cantcr-- 
 bury, in 1504, one of the expences of the dinner was, de conduftione t^oo garmjh. vaj. ekB. (pewter) 
 tapient. pro le garnifli, xd. Lei. Coll. VI. p. 31 — 3. Counterfeit bafons and e-v.'(rs are an ong 
 the articles forbidden to be imported, 4 Edward IV. When old Gremio defigned to difplay the 
 lichnefs and value of hi* houfliold furniture, he did not difdaia mentioning his frivter and brafs. 
 
 ^Taming of a Shrew, Aft I!i 
 wards
 
 i2« HISTORY AND ANTI QJJ I T I E S [Chap. III. 
 
 wards the pavment of m)- cletti";, and fulfilling this my prefent teflament and laft 
 will. And for more kiretie chat my faid dettis and legacies fhulde he well and 
 trulye paide and fulfilled, with the yfliies, rentes, fervices, and profitts, coming 
 of the faid mannors, lands, tenements, and hereditaments, by the fpace of tenne 
 yeers, I caufed, long bcf )re this tyme, aftates to be executed of all luche the faide 
 mannors, landcs, and tenedients, as wer of my late father Sir Robert Drurye, 
 knight, to thufe of me for fcrme of my life, and lenne years next afcer my deceale, 
 without cmpechemf nt of waft, as by certain deedes indented, fealed, and figned 
 by me more plainlie it appearcth. I will neverthelefs that my daughter, dame 
 Marye Corbctt, fliall have in ferme the fcite of the mannor of Hawfted Hall, with 
 all fuch pafture grounde, and medowe grounde, as Roger Hawfted latelie had and 
 occupied with the fame, paying yeerlie to my faide wif, during the faid tenne yeers, 
 iiijl. And I will and geve to Dorothee Drurye mv daughter, for thadvauncement 
 of her marriage, two hundred pounds ', to be paid at her age of xx" yeers. And 
 wheare by my dede, fealed with my feale of armes, and figned with my hande, I 
 have geven and granted to my fonne Henry Drurye, and to his heires, one annuitie 
 or yeerlie rente of xx^' marks yeerlie, going out of my manor of VVhepftede, men- 
 tioned in the lame graunte, 1 will that the fame be trulie paide, according to my 
 iaide graunte. And alfo I geve to my faide wif all my other goods and cattallcs, 
 whatloever they be, not in this prefent teftament and laft will orherwife geven, be- 
 quethed, or alligned, to ihintent to perfourme the fame, and towards the payment 
 of my faid dettis. And I geve unto Bredget Jervis, my faide wif's gentilwoman, 
 vjl. xiijs. iiijd. fterling, toward thadvauncement of her marriage. And I geve 
 unto my fonne Henry Drurye, one good fetherbeld, a bolder, a pillowe of downe, 
 a coverlctt, a payr of blanketts, and a payr of flieetes. Alfo I geve, bequeth, 
 and afilgne unto the faide Henry Drurye my fonne, and to theires males of his 
 bodie Uvvfullie begotten, the reverfion, after the deceafe of Elizabeth my wif, of 
 the mannor of Bradfeelde, with the appurtenances, and of other landes, tenementis, 
 and hereditamentis, which I latelie purchafed of lord Willoughby of Perham. And 
 I will alfo, that my faide fonne Henrye (hall have yeerlie, during the lif ot my faide 
 wif, toward his exhibition * and living, tenne marks, parcel of the yeerlie rente of 
 nyneteen pounds and odd mony, going out of the mannor of Lawlhull, whiche 
 rente the queenes majcUie did by her letters patentes, amonge other things, geve 
 to me and my heires. Item, 1 geve, bequethe, and alllgne, to my (aide wif, to the 
 perfourmance of this my prefent teftament and laft will, the relidewe of the yeerlie 
 rente of xixl. and certayne oddc money, going out of the mannor of Lawfhull, 
 whiche our foveraine ladie queen Marye lately gave unto me and myne heires, 
 cmongefl: other things, to have and to hold the faide retkiewe to my iaide wif, for 
 terme of xiij yeers next after my deceafe ; the remayndre thcrof, after the fame xiij 
 yeers, to the faide Elizabeth my wife, for terme of he lif; and after her deceale, 
 and the fame xiij yeers ended, to remayne to theires males of my bodie lawfulhe 
 
 " About 60 years before, this teftator's grandfather thought a hnndi tcl marcs were a firfficient 
 fortune fir a gentlewoman. And in this will, this lady's lifter has two hundred marcs affigned her 
 for her fortune. 
 
 * Maiutenance. A word ftill familiar in the univerfuies, 
 
 3 begotten i
 
 Chap. III.] OF H A W S T E D. li? 
 
 begotten ; and for default of fiich yITuc, the remayndre thereof to my right hcires 
 for ever. Alfo I geve to my faide wif all my lands, rentes, and reverfions, called 
 Ingeham's, with the Grange called Hencote, and the landes and tenements there- 
 unto belonging, for the tcrme of xiij yeCrs next after my deccafe, toward the 
 payement of my dettis, and the fulhlling of this my tcftamcnt and laft will. 
 And I geve and bequeth unto every of my h'oulholde fervants tenne fliillings. And 
 I will that every of my faide fervants (hall be well and trulie paide and fatisfied of 
 and for all fuche fomes of money as been due unto them for their wages, as alfo 
 for their liveraies ' within one monneth next after my deceafe ; and I will alio, that 
 my houfe be kept at my coftes and charge by the fpace of one monneth after my 
 deceafe -, and that my faide fervants, and other of my houlholde, fliall, at their 
 free will and pleafure, have and take their meate, drincke, and lodgeing, during 
 that monneth. And wheare I have obtayned and bought of the l-cing and queene's 
 majefties, the wardefliip and marriage of Robert Drurye, coufyn and heu-e of John 
 Drurye, late of Rougham in the countie of Suffolk, efquire, deceafed, to thintent 
 ■ that marriage fhulde be had betwixt hym and Elizabeth my daughter, my mynde, 
 will, purpole and intent is, that the fame marriage fhulde take efFefle : never- 
 thelefs, if any difagreament fhall happen to be, erher of the partie of the faide 
 Robert Drurye, or on the partie of the faide Elizabeth ; I will then that the faid 
 Elizabeth, my daughter, Ihall have the hole profite and commoditie, that fhall or 
 may arife, and growe, by realbn of the wardethip, and marriage of tlie fame 
 Robert, or of any other his heire, whiche I ought to have by my faid bargayne, 
 with the king and queene's majefties, the fame Robert deceafing within age, and 
 unmarried to my faide daughter. And if it happen the faid ilobert Drurye and his 
 brother to deceafe before marriage, or difagreament, fo as Ibe be not advaunced by 
 this gifte; thenne I will that my faid daughter Elizabeth fliail have two hundred 
 marks for thadvauncement of her marriage. And I pray, will, and defire my 
 faide wif, according to fuch motion as I have made unto her, to affure unto Henry 
 Drurye, Thomas Drurye, and Robert Drurye, fonnes of my faide fonne Robert 
 Drurye deceafed, the manor of Hawcombye, with thapjuirtenances, in the countie 
 of Lincoln, to have and to holde to them in reverfion, after her deceafe, and to 
 theires males feverallie of their bodies lawfullie begotten, toward thadvauncemcit 
 and preferment of their livinge. And alfo her to fee to the bringing up of my faide 
 ibnne Robert's children, as my fpeciail and onlye rrull; is in her, to. whome I have 
 committed all theis things before iemcmbred, for thofe confideratlons, and orhef 
 before fpecified. Item, I geve unto maifter Payne vj 1. xiijs. iiijd. to Mr. Butler 
 iiijl. to William Wrenne, XL s. to Anne Goldingham iiij 1. to Alexander Marioc 
 XLS. and to Water Lorde other xls. In witnefTe of all theis premifles, theis 
 perforfes undernamed have {ct to their hands ; and the faid Sir William hath fet to 
 his feale of armes % the day and ycre firit above written. William Drury, Henry 
 Yelverton, Henry Payn, William Wrenne, Alexander Marriott. 
 
 * Lfiri-a/ione!, ot Uheratwx, allowances of coin, &.C. to fer\ants, Miveftd at, certain times, and 
 in certain quantities. Thev are often mentioned in old accounts. As chthts uefc ainong the aliow- 
 aiices from, religious houfes to their depend,?nts (4ce the corrodies granted by Cfoyland Abbey, Hilt, 
 of Croyjand, Appendix, X'^ XXXIV.) it is not improbable that the word cann.e in after-ages tg Ije 
 cotjfliied to the uniiorm of the retainers, or iervants of tjie great, who were hence called llijtry-fcr-vants. 
 
 ^•='- See -the plate, N° g. 
 
 S Probata m
 
 130 HISTORY AND ANTIQJJI TIES [Chap. IIT. 
 
 Probatum fuit foprafcriptum teftamentum, coram cfno apud London, 29 die 
 menfis Aprilis. 1558, Juramento Edmundi Brudentrll, fratris ct procuratoris dne 
 Elizabeth, relidte didli defundli, ct executricis, &c. 
 
 It appears by the above will that Sir William's eldeft fon 
 Robert was dead, and that his fucceffbr was a minor. This 
 gentleman, whofe name was William, had the honour of en- 
 tertaining queen Elizabeth, at his houfe here, in her progrefs 
 in 1578. She rode in the morning from Sir William Cordell's 
 at Melford ; and dined with one of the Drurys at Lawfliall Hall, 
 about 5 miles diftant from Hawfted. This vifit is thus recorded 
 in the regifter of that parilli, under the year 1578 ; 
 
 Ir is to be remembred, that the queen's highnefle, in her progrefle, riding from 
 Melford to Bury, 5° Aug. R.egineqLie 20, annoque cfni prediflo, dined at LavvHiall 
 Hall, to the great rejoicing of the faid parilh, and the country thereabouts. 
 
 In the evening flie came to Hawfted ; her apartment there, 
 ever afterwards, as ufual, retaining her name. Tradition re- 
 ports that file dropped a filver-handled fan into the moat. It was 
 at this time, perhaps, that the royal guefl beflowed the honour 
 of knighthood upon the mafter of the manfion. 
 
 It was this Sir WiUiam Drury, I apprehend, who rebuilt, or 
 greatly repaired, Hawfled Houfe, afterwards called Hawfted 
 Place ', or 'The Place. My reafons for thinking fo will appear 
 from fome circumftances in the defcription which I am going to 
 give of it; and in which I fliall be the more particular, as it will 
 afford me an opportunity of illuftrating in fome meafure the 
 tafte and mode of living at that period. 
 
 Its fituation, as of many old feats in this neighbourhood, is 
 on an eminence % gently floping towards the fouth. The whole 
 
 formed 
 
 ' Place means a feat, a manfion, a refidence. See Mr. Steevens's note on 
 •« As you like it," A. 11. S. 3. 
 
 ^ The proper fituation of houfes began to be attended to in this reign. Lord 
 Bacon, who publifhcd his Eflays before the end of it^ fays, in his 45th, " he that 
 
 " builds
 
 Chap. III.] OF H A W S T E D. 131 
 
 formed a quadrangle, 202 by 211 feet within ; an area for- 
 merly called the Bafe Courts afterwards the Court Yard. Threa 
 of the fides con filled of barns, llables, a mill-houfe, llaughrer- 
 houfe, bIackrmith''s-lliop, and various other offices, which Har- 
 riibn, in his Defcription of Britain, tells us, began in this reigii 
 to be thrown to a greater diftance from the principal houfe than 
 they were in the time of Henry VlII. The entrance M'as by a 
 gate-boufe in the centre of the fouth-fide, over which were 
 chambers for carters, &c. This was afterwards laid open, and 
 fenced with iron palifades. The manfion-houje^ wdiich was alfo 
 a quadrangle, formed the fourth fide, fi:anding higher than the 
 other buildings, and detached from them by a wide moat^ faced 
 on all its banks w'ith bricks, and furrounded by a handfome 
 terrace, a confiderable part of which commanded a fine view of 
 the furrounding country, and befpoke a tafte fuperior to the 
 artificial mount, which in many old gardens was to be clambered 
 up for the fake of profpeiff. The approach to the houfe was 
 by a flight of Iteps, and a ftrong brick bridge of three arches, 
 through a fmall jealous wicket, formed in the great well-timbered 
 gate, that rarely grated on its hinges. 
 
 Immediately upon your peeping through the w^icket, the firft 
 object that unavoidably ilruck you, was a ^ow^fgiire of Hercules % 
 
 " builds a fair houfe upon an ill feat, committeth himfeif to prifon. Neither do 
 " I reckon it an ill feat only where the air is unvvholerome, but likevvife where 
 *' the air is unequal ; as you (liall fee many fine feats let upon a knap of gn und 
 " environed with higher hills round about it, whereby the heat of the fun is pent 
 *' in, and the wind gathereth as in troughs." &c. 
 
 ' Perhaps he might be defigned to reprefent a wild man, or favage, having no 
 attribute of Hercules but his club, and all his limbs being covereu w..!i thick 
 hair. He refembles much the lupportcrs of the arms of the late lord Bcikley of 
 Stratton, and of the prcl'ent Sir John Wodehoule. Homhre Salvagio,']\i\.' cun.e out 
 of the woods, with an oaken plant in his hand, and forgrown wit'- inols and i>^, was 
 one of the perfonages that addreiled queen Elizabeth at her famous entertainment 
 at Kenelworth CalUe, 
 
 S 2 as
 
 132 HISTORY AND A N T I Q,U I T I E S [Chap. III. 
 
 as it was called, holding in one hand a dub acrofs his llioulders, 
 the otlier refting on one hip, difcharging a perennial llream of 
 water, by the urinary paflage, into a carved ftone bafon. Oa 
 the pedeftal of the ftatue is preferved the date, 157S, which 
 was the year the queen graced this houfe with her prelence ; fo 
 that doubtlefs this was one of the embellifliments beil;ovved 
 upon the place againll: the royal vilit. Modern times would 
 fcarcely devile fuch a piece of fculpture as an amufing fpe^tacie 
 for a virgin princefs. A fountain was generally (yet furely inju* 
 dicioully in this climate) efteemed a proper ornament for the 
 inner court of a great houfe '. This, which ftill continues to 
 flow, was fupplied with water by leaden pipes, at no fmall ex- 
 pence, from a pond near half a mile off. 
 
 This inner courts as it was called, in which this flatue ftood, 
 and about which the houfe was built, was an" area of 58 feet 
 fquare. The walls of the houfe within it were covered with 
 the pyracaatha (Mefpilus Pyracantha) of venerable growth, 
 which, with its evergreen leaves, enlivened with clufters of fcarlet 
 berries, produced in winter a very agreeable effe<5t '. 
 
 Having crept through the wicket before mentioned, a door 
 in the gateway on the right condu(5led you into a fmall apart- 
 ment, called, the Jmoaking room ; a name it acquired probably 
 foon after it was built ; and which it retained, with good reafon, 
 as long as it flood. There is fcarcely any old houfe without a 
 room of this denomination ^ In thefe, our anceftors, from 
 about the middle of the reign of Elizabeth, till within almoft 
 every one's memory, fpent no inconliderable part of their vacant 
 
 ' In the inward court, fays lord Bacon, in his model of a palace, let there be a 
 fountain, or fonie fair worl< of ftatues, in the midd. In the court at Redgrave 
 Hall, in this county, ufed to be a huge figure of Cerberus. 
 
 * This plant Teems again coming into tafhion for covering the walls of houfes, 
 particularly in the neighbourhood of London. 
 
 ^ If modern houfes have not a room of this fort, they have one (perhaps feveral) 
 unknown to the ancient ones, which is, z-powdering room for the hair. 
 
 hours,
 
 Chap, in.] OF H A W S T E D. 133 
 
 hours, rellding more at home than we do, and having fewer 
 relbiirces of elegant amulemeiit. At one period at leafT, this room 
 \vas thought to be the fcene of wit; for in 1688, \h\ Hervey, 
 afterwards earl of Brillol, in a letter to Mr. Thomas Cullum, 
 defires " to be remembered by the witty fmoakers at Ilauiled." 
 Adjoining to this was a large wood clofet^ and a pafiage that led 
 to the cUnuiii room^ of moderate diraenfions, with a large buffet. 
 Thefe occupied half the fouth front. At the end of the dining- 
 room was. originally a c/ov/^cr, or arcade, about 45 feet long, 
 fronting the eaif, and looking into a flower garden within the 
 walls of the moat. The arches were afterwards clofed up and 
 glazed ; and a parlour made at one end. There are few old 
 manfions without one or more of thefe flieltered walking-places ; 
 and they certainly had their ufe : but this age of liil, fand- 
 bags, and carpets, that dreads every breath of air, as if it were 
 a peifilence, fliudders at the idea of fuch a body of the element 
 being admitted into any part of a dwelling. This cloyfter was 
 terminated by the fpacicus and lofty kitchen., ftill {landing, and 
 well fupplied with long oaken tables. 
 
 On the left hand of the entrance, and oppofite the fmoaking 
 room, was the chapel., a room of ftate, much afFe6led by the old 
 munerial lords, who feem to have difdained attending the pa- 
 rochial church. The papal licence for it has been already given. 
 The laft facred office performed in it was the chritlening of the 
 author of this compilation. Through this was a door into the 
 drazving-room, or largeft parlour, which with the chapel occu- 
 pied theotherhalf of the fouth front. Adjoining to the parlour was 
 a large gloomy hall, at one end of which was a fcreen of brown 
 wainfcot, in which was a door that led to the buttery, &c. Thefe 
 formed the weft fide of the fquare. Beneath thefe apartments, 
 and thofe on the fouth fide, were the cellars, well vaulted with 
 brick. The north fide was occupied by the kitchen, and various 
 
 offices :
 
 J34 HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. IIL 
 
 oSices ; and at the back of it was a dra^xbridge. Thefe were 
 the apartments on the ground-floor, which was raifed i 2 feet 
 above the furface of the moat. Over the gateway, chapel, and 
 ]:i;geil parlour, were the royal apartments, which were ap- 
 proached by a ftair-cafe out of the hall. On this ftair-cafe, 
 again ft the wall, flood fome painted boards, reprefenting various 
 domeftic fervants : I have one of them, a very pretty well- 
 painted female, faid to be for a houfe-keeper. I know not 
 whether this fancy be as old as the houfe ; the portrait I have, 
 is certainly, from the drefs, not more than a century old. Several 
 bed chambers of common proportions occupied the chief part 
 of the reft of the firft ftory. Among the rooms on that floor, 
 was one called \.h.Q Jlill-room \ an apartment where the ladies of 
 old much amufed themfelves in diftilling waters and cordials, as 
 well for the ufe of themfelves and of their poor neighbours, as 
 for feveral purpofes of cookery '. In this room flood a death's- 
 head ; no improper emblem of the effeds of the operations car- 
 ried on within it. 
 
 Contiguous to one of the bedchambers was a wainfcoted clofet, 
 about 7 feetfquare; the pannels painted with various fentences, 
 emblems, and mottos. It was called the painted clofet ; at firft 
 probably defigned for an oratory, and, from one of the fen- 
 tences, for the ufe of a lady. The drefles of the figures are 
 of the age of James I. This clofet was therefore iitted up for 
 the laft lady Drury, and perhaps under her diredion. The 
 paintings are well executed ; and now put up in a fmall apart- 
 ment at Hardwick Houfe. 
 
 ' It may not be unentertaining to fee a lifl: of fome of ihe plants which were 
 formeiiy dillilled, taken from the Northumberland Houfchold Boole. 
 
 Pvofes, buradge, femingtory (ftiniitory), brakes, columbyns, okyn Icefe, hart's 
 tongue, draggons, parcelly, balrne, walnot-kefes, longdobeef (langue du bceuf, 
 ox-tongue), prynierofes, faige, forrel, red mynr, betany, cowflops, dandelyon, fenneJ, 
 fcabias, elder-flours, marygolds, wilde tanfey, wormewoodc, woodbind, endyfF, 
 hawffe. 
 
 c As
 
 Chap. III.] O F H A W S T E D. 155 
 
 As fome of thefe emblems are perhnps new, and mark the 
 tafte of an age that deUghted in quaint wit, and hiboured conceits 
 of a thoufand kinds; I fliall ftt them down, confelTing myfclf 
 unable to unravel fome of them. 
 
 The following lentences, which are intelligible enough, are 
 in cartouche fcroUs, in narrow panels, at top ;' 
 
 S^uodfis effe veils, nihilque ma/is. 
 
 Simmam nee metuas diem, nee optes. 
 
 ^ua cupio, baud capio. 
 
 Parva,fed apt a mihi : nee tamen hie requies, 
 
 Nunquam minus Jola, quatn cum fola. 
 
 Amplior in calo domus eft. 
 
 Frujlra nijt Dominus. 
 
 Emblems with mottos. 
 
 1. A monkey fitting in a hoiife window, and fcattering money into the flreet ', 
 
 Ut parta labuntur. 
 
 2. A camel trampling in dirty water ^. 
 
 Pura juvent alios. 
 
 3. A fire on the banks of a river. 
 
 Dum fervi necefjaria '. 
 
 4. A painter, having begun to Iketch our a female portrait. 
 
 Die mihi, qualis eris ■* ? 
 
 5. A human tongue, with bats wings, and a fcaly contorted tail, mounting into 
 the air \ 
 
 ^0 tendis? 
 
 ' This is among the emblems of Gahriel Simeon, a Florentine, (pubiiflied in Englidi, together 
 with the " H'.r'^ical Dei:/ei" of Claudius Paradin, in i59i),and defigned to make us " laugh at thofe 
 " vifurers, and the like, who heap up great funis of money, and leave it either to their brother or 
 " nephew, or elfe to dicers, whoreiuafters, gluttons, and the like, fcaiceiy ever remembering this 
 " excellent and golden lenience, nia'c farta male dilabunlur." 
 
 * The camel is reported to love dirty water, and, it is faid, will not drink at a river, till he has 
 troubled it with his feet. This is among the lymbols and emblems publifhed by Camerarius in 1590, 
 with this ditfich; 
 
 Turbat aquam fitiens cum vult haiirirei camelus ; 
 Sic pacem, ex bellis qui lucra fada fitit. 
 3 Alluding to the old adage, Fire and water are good fervants, hut lad niaftert 
 
 * A hint to female vanity. 
 
 s This is among the Hereiftfl Div'fa of Paradin j and means to flicw the fo;il extravagances of 
 this unruly member, 
 
 6. A
 
 136 HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. III. 
 
 6. A tree wiih fickly leaves, and a honey-comb at its roots. Near it another, 
 quite leaflefs. 
 
 Nocet empta dolore voluptas. 
 
 7. An eagle in the air, with an elephant in its talons. ■ 
 
 Non vac at exiguis. 
 
 8. Some trees leaflefs, and torn up by the roots } with a confufed landfcape. 
 Above, the fun and a rainbow '. 
 
 Jam fatis. 
 
 9. An old man afleep, with afles ears, and ants that feem carrying fomething 
 into his mouth. 
 
 Edam afino dormknt'i. 
 
 10. One man ftanding on the uppermoft point of the earth; and another anti- 
 podal to him. 
 
 Et hie vivitur *. 
 
 1 1. A man endeavouring to light a candle at a glow-worm. 
 
 Ml tamen impertit. 
 
 12. A globe refting on a crab. 
 
 Sic orhis iter. 
 
 13. A greyhound difengaged from his collar, and licking his mailer's hand. 
 
 Non fugitiva fides, 
 
 14. The fun quite black, and golden ftars. 
 
 J-^ec euro videri. 
 
 15. A blackamore fmoaking a pipe ^ 
 
 Intiis idem, .■ . „ ; 
 
 16. A bird of prey, in the air, devouring a fmall bird 1 ^ 
 
 Friwr nee quiefco. . ^ 
 
 17. A man rowing in a boat, with a town clofe in fight. 
 
 Et tamen averfor. ^ 
 
 18. A beehive, with bees about it. 
 
 Cum melle aculeus, 
 
 19. A fire burfting from the top of a chimney. 
 
 Alte, fed extra locum. 
 
 ' The inoft feire and bountiful queen of France, Katherine, ufed the fign of the rainbow for her 
 amies, which is an infallible fign of peaceable calmenes, and tranquillitie. Paradin. 
 
 * This, 1 liippole, alludes to Sir Francis Drake's Vojage round the World in 1580; an atchieve- 
 ment, which niufl; for many years have continued the lubjeft of dilcourle and ;idmiration. lii 
 modern times, fuch an expedition is looked upon as fcarcely more than a common navigation. 
 
 3 The blackamore and the pipe were, in the reign of James, thought iuitable companions for one 
 another. The king's diflike of tobacco is well known. 
 
 * The meaning of this emblem is perhaps the fame with one in Cameran\is, which reprefents a . 
 bird of prey in the air, with a fmall bud in his talons, and in purfuit ot I'ome others, with this 
 iiiotto and dillich : 
 
 Parta tcnens, non parta fequar. 
 Multa licet fido fapicns in peftore condat, 1 
 
 Plura avido tameu uicj^ue appetit ingcnio. 
 
 20. A
 
 Chap. III.] OF H A W S T E D. 137 
 
 2c. A pilgrim traverfing the earth -, with a ftafF, and a light-coloured hat, with 
 a cocklefliell on it '. 
 
 Dum tranfis, time. 
 
 21. A man's hand holding fomething like a rope lighted, and from which fmoke 
 and fire ifflie. 
 
 Jr/il, crepuit, evanuit. 
 1%. An afs {landing on his hind legs, his head appearing through the upper part 
 of a white area. Beneath his head a horfe is feeding. Near thcni is a woodcock, 
 with one foot on a lanthorn. 
 
 Et occiilte, et aperte. 
 
 23. A bear in his den. 
 
 Obfciire, fecure. 
 2.]. A man taking the dimenfions of his own forehead with a pair of compafles *. 
 
 Fronii nulla fides. 
 25. A man in a fool's drefs, blowing with a pair of bellows a pot fufpended in 
 th« air, with fome fire in it \, 
 
 Sat injujfa calet. 
 
 2(5. A death's head, with fome plant of a dark hue ifliiing from one eye, and lying 
 on the ground; while a fimilar plant, of a verdant colour, fprings eretl from the 
 other. 
 
 Ut nicreris vives. 
 
 27. A bat flying after a large black infecft. 
 
 Trahit fua quemque. 
 
 28. A rofe and a poppy. 
 
 puzzi, ponga. 
 2.9. A mermaid, holding a muTor in one hand, and combing her hair with the 
 other. 
 
 Spemf route. 
 
 30. A bucket defcending into a well. 
 
 Defcendendo adimpleor. 
 
 I With his cockle hat 2ir\AJiaff. Shakfpeare. Or, as he is defcribed in Green's Never too late, 1616. 
 With Hat e/"7?ra^u, like to a fvvain, 
 Sheher for the fun and rain. 
 With fcal/op-Jhe/l hdore. 
 
 The cockle-fli^U hat was one of the eflential badges of the pilgrims vocation : for the chief 
 places of devotion being beyond fea, or on the coafts, they were accullomed.to put cockle-fliclls upon 
 their hats, to denote the intention or performance of their devotion. Warburton. See Hamlet, 
 A. IV^ S. JV. 
 
 ^ This, I fuppofe, is dedgned as a contradi^'^ion to a fancy of Ariftotle's, that the (hape, and 
 feveral other circimiftances, relative to a man's forehead, are expreflive of his temper and inclination. 
 Upon this fuppoGtion, tiimeon, before-mentioned, has invented an emblem, rcprefenting a human 
 head, and a hand iffuing out of a cloud, and pointing to it, with this motto, F^ans hominem prafeii. 
 
 3 This may perhaps exprefs the folly of thofe who are fond of fomenting difputes and animolities: 
 iis that more elegant one of Simeon's, which reprefents a warrior flirring a tire with his fr.oitl, and 
 lofing one of his eyes by a fpark that flics out ot it, w ith this motto, Ignii glad'w non fidicnclus. 
 
 T 31. An
 
 138 HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. III. 
 
 3 1. An eagle, going to take fomething from a fire.' Her neft of young ones near. 
 
 Pie fed tcmere. 
 
 32. A naked blackamore pointing to a fwan with one hand, and to his own teeth. 
 with the other. 
 
 Jam fumus ergo pares. 
 
 33. A bird ' thrufting its head into an oyfter, partly open. 
 
 Speravi ei peril. 
 
 34. A bird - feeding in a crocodile's mouth. 
 
 Pa/cor, at baud tuto. 
 
 ^z^. A boar trampling on rofes ^ 
 
 Odi profanum vulgus. 
 
 36. A fliip that has anchored on a whale *, which is in motion. Tije crew alarmed- 
 
 'Ntifqtiam tuta fides. 
 
 37. Two rams fighting, detached from the flock. 
 
 Nee habet viSioria laiidem. 
 
 38. A hedge-hog rolled up, with apples on his prickles '. 
 
 Mihi plaudo ipfe dom'i. 
 
 39. A philofopher looking at a ftar with a quadrant. 
 
 Deftpui fapiendo. 
 
 ■ It is called the Oyfln-calcber {Homatopus ojltalegns Lin.) and is laid to do its bufinefs \try 
 dextroully. The motto i'eenis to luppol'e otheiu-ife. 
 
 ^ Trct'hilui, a kind of wren ; which is reported to live on the fragments of meat which it picks out 
 
 of the crocodile's month ; an operation witli which the latter is fo delighted, that he entertains the 
 
 greateil aft'cttion for this bird, and takes the utmoif care not to hurt it. Camerarius, before-men- 
 
 tioned, repfeients the crocodile as an emblem of gratitude, on this account, with this motto, Gratis 
 
 fefuire jucundum. How the prefent motto is applicable to the fubjeft, I cannot fay. 
 
 ■3 That is, an impure and voluptuous pcrfon trampling upon, and dclpifing elegant and virtuous 
 pleafures, Camerarius has this, with the following dillich ; 
 
 Quid fubus atque rofis ? nunquam mens ebria luxu 
 Virtutis fludiis elle dicata poteil. 
 * Sliltcn has prefented us with this image ; 
 
 ■ that fea bealf, 
 
 Levi.uhan, which God of all his works 
 Created hugeft that fuim the ocean llream : 
 Him, haply flumb'ring on the Norway foam. 
 The pilot of ibme imall night-foiaulcr'd Ikift", 
 Deeming fome iiland, oft, as feameu tell, 
 With fixed anchor in his fcaly rind, 
 
 Moors by his fide, i:nder the lee. Par. Loft, B. \\. 200. 
 
 The above palTagejiMr. W'arton thmks, the poet drew from one in his favourite Arinilo, where 
 Adoipho, Dudon, and Renaldo, are faid to have feen fo large a whale, that they took it for;ui ifland. 
 
 Notes on Spen;er, vol. II. p. 261. 
 5 The emblem of a frugal careful perfon. Pliny tells us, Prseparare Hieme erinaceos iibi Cibos ; 
 et vohitatos iupra jacentia poma, atlixa ipinis, unum non amplius tenentes ore, portare ea in cavas 
 ^ilbores. Flutarch fays, that the hedgehog, in autumn, rolls id'elt among the grapes, which it has 
 tr.ntri%ed-to pull from the vines, and which it conveys, upon its fpines, to its young ones. To this 
 latter account Camerarius alludes in this dillich ; 
 
 Ericir.m hie q\ii eeu grndientem confpicis uvam 
 Frugi f s, ct opes tu (psoque linquc tuif. 
 
 40. A
 
 Chap. III.] O F II A W S T E D. 139 
 
 40. A garland of leaves lying on the ground, and in flames. 
 
 ^lid ergo fefellH ? 
 
 41. A full bucket drawn up to the top of a well. 
 
 Hand facile emergit. 
 
 The bottoQi panels are adorned with flowers, in a good taftc. 
 
 T'be windows, in general, were fpacious ', but high above the 
 floors. In flill earlier times, they were very narrow, as well as 
 high, that they might be more difficult marks for the arrows of 
 an enemy ; and that, if the arrows did enter, they might pais 
 over the heads of thofe that were fitting. After this precaution 
 was needlefs, the windows, though enlarged, continued to be 
 made high, even till modern days. The beauty of landfcapc, 
 fo much ftudied now, was then but little or not at all regarded ; 
 and high windows, when opened, ventilated the apartments 
 better than low ones % and when fhut, the air they admitted was 
 lefs felt. 
 
 On two porches, between which Hands the figure of Hercules, 
 are ftill extant in ftone the arms of Drury, confifting of 16 
 quarterings, and thofe of Stafford of Grafton, O. chev. G. with 
 a canton Ermine, and 5 other quarterings. This circumftance, 
 corroborated with the general fl:yle of the building, and the 
 date on the pedeital of the itatue, induced me to believe, that this 
 houfe was rebuilt, or thoroughly repaired, by that Sir William 
 Drury, who married a lady of the name of Stafford, who fuc- 
 ceeded to the eltate ujoon the death of his grandfather in 1557. 
 
 Windows, large even to exccfs, were become fo fafhionable in this reign, that 
 lord Bacon, in his 45th EfTay, complains, " you fliall have fometimes fair houfes fo 
 " full of glals, that one cannot tell where to become, to be out of the fun, or 
 " cold." 
 
 "^ This, I am aware, is a dodrine that has of late been combated by fome 
 French philofophers, who inform us, that, from experiments made in hofpitals, they 
 find that the unwholefome vapours, iffuing from the invalids, do not mount 10 
 the top of the apartments, but are fulpcnded, not much above the evaporating 
 bodies. 
 
 T 2 The
 
 i4o HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITTES [Chap. HI. 
 
 The walls of the houfe were chiefly built of timber and 
 plafter. T'be plajler in the front was thickly ftiick with fragments 
 of glafs, which made a brilliant appearance when the fun ilione,. 
 and even by moon-light. Much of it ftill remains, and appears 
 to be but little injured by two centuries ; perhaps, will furvive 
 the boafted ftucco of modern artilts. I wifli I could give the 
 receipt for this excellent compofition : I can only fay, it contains 
 plenty of hair, and was made of coarfe fand, abounding with 
 rtones almoil as big as horfe-beans. And in fome of the old 
 walls round the houfe, where the bricks have crvimbled away,, 
 the layers of mortar continue found, and fupport themfelves by 
 their own compadlnefs. The art was not loft even in the lall 
 •century ; for fome plafter on an outhoufe, which bears the date 
 yf 1 66 1, ftill remains perfedlly firm. 
 
 This houfe was no bad fpecimen of the fl^ill of former 
 artifts, in ere61;ing what ftiould laft. Part has been taken down^, 
 not from decay, but becaufe it was become ufelefs. What is left 
 promifes to ftand many years. The mode of its conftnu^ion con- 
 tributed to its durability ; for the tiles proje(5led confiderably over 
 the firft ftory, and that over the ground floor: fo that the walls 
 and fills were fcarcely ever wetted. 
 
 In the year 1685, this houfe paid taxes for 34 fire-hearths. 
 
 The banks of the moat were planted with yews and variegated 
 hollies ; and, at a little diftance, furrounded by a rerr.ice that 
 commanded a fine woodland profpe6l. Here were orchards and 
 gardens in abundance ; and a bowling-yardy as it was called,, 
 which always ufed to be efteemed a neceflary appendage of a 
 gentleman's feat ^ 
 
 ' Sir Thomas Hann^er, the fpeakei", who died in 1746, had a very fine cne» 
 contiguous to his houfe at MilJenhall ; and was perhaps one of the lall crentlemen 
 of any lafliion in the councy, tJiat amufed theralelves with that diverlion. 
 
 This
 
 Chap III.] OF H A W S T E D. 141 
 
 This place was m'cU furniflied with fiJJj-p07ids. There is near 
 it a feries of five large ones, on the gentle declivity of a hill, 
 running into one another ; the upper one being fed with a per- 
 ennial fpring. There is another limilar feries of fniall ones, 
 that ferved as flews. Thefe muft have been made at a very 
 heavy expence ; but they were ncceflary, when fifli ' made fo 
 confiderable a part of our diet, as it did before the Reformation ; 
 and when bad roads made fea fifli not fo cafily procured as at 
 prefent. 
 
 There w^as alfo a rabbet-warren in the park, a fpot that would 
 have borne good wheat. But it was, like a pigeon-boufe, a con- 
 llant appendant to a mancrial dwelling. 8 Jac. I. a liable near 
 the coney-warren was let with the dairy farm : and even in the 
 next reign we hear of the warrenofs lodge. 
 
 One principal reafon of the number of warrens formerly, 
 was the great ufe our anceftors made of furr in their cloathing. 
 " I judge warrens of conies," fays Harrifon, " to be almofl in- 
 " numerable, and daily like to increafe, by reafon that the black 
 " fkins of thofe beafts are thought to countervayle the prifes of 
 *' their naked carkafes." The latter were worth 2{c\. a piece,, 
 and the former 6 d.^ 17 Henry VIII. 
 
 I Ihall clofe the account of this ancient feat by a fummary 
 defcription of it, in a furvey of the manor taken in the year 
 iSSr. 
 
 ' Sip William Dugdale has picferved a curious infiancc of the great price, sf 
 leaft in the interior parts of the kingdom, of what is now eHeemed a very ordinary 
 fifh. 7 Henry V. a breme was rated at xxd. and 32 Henry VI. a pye of four of 
 them, in the expences of two nxn employed for three days in taking tiicm, in bakin» 
 them in flour, in fpices, and conveying it from Sutton in VVarwickfliire, to the earl 
 of Warwick, at Mydiam in the north country, cotl .xvj s. ijd. Hift. Warwick,, 
 p. 668. 
 
 * Ste " Forme of Cury," pp. \(>(), 8. 
 
 WilJielmusj
 
 142 HISTORY AND ANTIQJJITIES [Chap. III. 
 
 Willieltnus Drmy miles, dominus hujus manerii, habet in manibus fuis fcitum 
 manerii de Buckenhams, in quo inhabitat, quam optime conflrudtum, cum uno 
 curdlagio, gardino, uno le mote circumjacente, uno le traves ' ante portam mef- 
 fuagii predidi, et unam magnam curiam undique bene edificatam, cum ftabulis, 
 orreis, piilrino, le dayery howfe, ec aliis edificiis neceiftriis et aptis pro manuten- 
 cione capitalis meflfLiagii predifti, ec uno orto five pomario, ex parte oriental! mef- 
 fuagii et magne curie predicte. 
 
 Sir William Drury was elecSted one of the knights of the 
 fhire in 1585; and in 1589 killed in a duel in France. His 
 corpfe was brought into England, and interred in the chancel 
 here, where a fine marble buft of him in armour ftill remains. 
 
 The icommiffion for the inquifition after his death is dated 
 18 Feb. 22 Elizabeth, and directed to William Waldgrave, John 
 Higham, Nicholas Bacon, and William Spring, knights ; to 
 enquire into the annual value of Sir William's lands, at the time 
 of his death, particularly of the manors of Bokenham, Tal- 
 mage, and Hawfted ; and a tenement in Reed, called Pickard;- 
 alfo what houfehold ftufF, and napery, and other linen. 
 
 The depofitions were taken at Bury, 24th September following, 
 from which I have feledted a few particulars. 
 
 Roger Reve of Bury, gent, holds, by leafe, the profits of the 
 fayres and markets in Bury, at 36 1. a year's rent, 40 s. de- 
 du6lions. 140 pounds of hops were worth 4I. w^hich is about 
 yd. a pound. Wheat 8s. a comb; barley 6s. 8d. rye 5s. 
 
 The 72ew park is unletten, worth about 20 marks yearlie, 
 befides profits of deer and conies. Another perfon valued the 
 park very differently, unlefs he included the profits of the live 
 ftock in it : he faid, the new park is not very much charged with 
 deer and conies; and worth yerelie 50I. 
 
 ' Traves, the dictionaries fay, are a kind of fliackles for a horfe, that is taught 
 to amble or pace. Does the word here mean the place where horfes were fo trained ? 
 In a leafe dated 1593 (which will be hereafter mentioned) z clofe, or -zvalk, called 
 the liorfswalk, appears to have been near the houle. 
 
 3 The
 
 
 
 J 1 
 
 
 '^ , 1 
 
 <; 
 
 s ■ 
 
 >> 
 
 S; - 
 
 ■^ 
 
 N 1 
 
 
 fc - 1 
 
 
 Ns 
 
 V, 
 
 ^ . 
 
 
 -V - i 
 
 
 '^ 1 
 
 
 
 
 N ^ 
 
 
 N n 

 
 Chap. 1110 OF HAWSTED. 143 
 
 The demefnes and profits of the manors of Hawfted, and for 
 copiehold and freehold thereof, amount yeerlie to 127I. befides 
 the rent corn. 
 
 In his time, two Uttle eftates had acquired the names of manors; 
 for, in a furvey of the manor taken in 1581, we met with ma7ie' . 
 rium de Cobdozves^ and manerium de Felets\ but no raanerial rights 
 or privileges appear to have been annexed to them. The truth is; 
 where a perfon of fome confequence refided or remained (raa- 
 nebat), his houfe and demefnes frequently acquired the title of a 
 manor. 
 
 At the fame time many of the houfes were faid to be well 
 built, and covered with tiles, as the parfonage, the hall, the long 
 houfe near the church, 8i;c. and furniflied with orchards and 
 gardens planted with various kinds of fruit-trees, befides hopyards, 
 that will be mentioned hereafter, fo that the village feeras to have 
 been in a profperous ftate at that period. 
 
 Several lanes, as they are now called, fl:ill retained the names 
 of Jireets ; as Pinford Strete\ Smyth Strete that led from the Green 
 tov.'ards Bury; Caldwell Strete (or Frames Lane), that led from 
 Hawfted Green to Menpll Green ; this laft taking its name from 
 the fpring, or well, mentioned at p. 5. Street often fignified for- 
 merly a made road or way, Jtratum^ as Icknild Street^ Watling 
 Street^ Sec. 
 
 Sir William was fucceeded by his eldefi: fon Robert Drury, who, 
 even before he was out of mourning for his father, attended the 
 earl of Eflex to the unfuccefsful fiege of Rohan, in 1591, where 
 he was knghted ', when he could not exceed the age of 14 years.. 
 
 ' He was knightecj, fays his epitaph (fee p. 55.) not at home, but at the fiege 
 of Rohan — a circumflance that vvas mentioned, as adding a luflre to his title. He 
 was not " dubb'd with unhack'd rappier, and on carpet-confideration," but in the 
 field of battle ; an honour, of which military people were not a little proud ; and 
 ■vvho contemptuoufly called thofe carpel knights, who received that dignity at home 
 in the foft filken days of peace. See Johnl'on's and Steevcns's notts on 'I'welfth 
 Night, A(5t. 111. S. IV. 
 
 As:
 
 144 HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES [Chap. IK. 
 
 As foon as he came of age, he conneiSted himfelf with one 
 of the belt families in the county, by marrying Anne, the 
 eUlell daughter of Sir Nicholas Bacon, of Redgrave, the firft 
 baronet of England. In 1603, he was eledled one of the 
 knights of the Ihire ; an honour which he enjoyed as long as 
 lie lived. He patronized the learned and witty Dr. Donne, to 
 whom and his family he affigned apartments in his large houfe 
 in Drury Lane. In Dec. 16 10, he had the misfortune to lol^ 
 his only furviving child, which feems to have produced a great 
 change in his deligns, and plan of life ; for not long afterwards, 
 he let his dairy and park here for three years : and in that leafe, 
 which will be mentioned hereafter, are fome inlfances of his 
 tafte for horticulture, and the embellilhment of his feat. On 
 the 1 8th of March following, he founded that ample charity of 
 52I. a year, already mentioned. With the fame fpirit of li- 
 berality, he bellowed, the September following, a munificent 
 reward upon a faithful fervant : it may be a curiofity to fee the 
 form and manner in which he did it. 
 
 This indenture, made 3 Sept. 1611, between Sir Robert Drury and Gabriel 
 Catchpole, of Hawfted, yeoman, witneficth, that the faid right worlhipful Sir 
 Robert Drury, for and in confideration of the good and faithful fervice of the faid 
 Gabriel already done and performed, and hereafier to be done and performed, unto 
 the faid Sir Robert Drury, while ftrength, and habiiite of the bodie, of the faid 
 Gabriel will permit, hath demifed, granted, and to farm letten, unto the faid 
 Gabriel, and his affigns, all that mefiliage, lately built upon a parcel of ground, 
 fome tim.e a wood, known by the name of Bryer's Wood, in Hawlttd, with all 
 the buildings, orchards, gardens, lands, meadows, &c. now ufed with the fame; 
 alfo a clofe of land, called Sparrow's Tuft, containing 20 acres, for 40 years, if 
 the faid Gabriel (hould live fo long ; he the faid Gabriel paying yearly to the faid 
 Sir Robert, his heirs and afllgns, for the fame, one pepper corn at Michaelmas. 
 Provided always, that it may be lawful for the faid Sir Robert, during any part of 
 the above term, to revoke and make void the grant. The faid Gabriel agreeing to 
 repair the houfe and buildings belonging to the demifed premifes. 
 
 About
 
 Chap. III.] OF H A W S T E D. «45 
 
 About the fame time, when Sir Robert fold the leafe of the 
 almoner's barns, tithes, fairs, and markets, of Bury ; he gave 
 that town loo 1. to remain as a ftock for ever, to purchafe fireing 
 for the poor there. 
 
 In i6i 2, he made a journey to Paris, and perfuadcd Dr. Donne 
 to attend him ; it was there the Doctor faw the remarkable vifTon 
 of his wife, who was at that time brought to bed of a dead 
 child in England '. 
 
 Sir Robert feems now to have quitted his feat at Flawfted ; and 
 to have relided at Hardivick Houfe, not far diltant. For in the 
 year 1613, he procured a licence from the archbifliop of Can- 
 terbury for having divine fervice performed in his houfe there, 
 for himfelf, wife, and fervants, as well as for the widows of his 
 newly founded almfhoufe. This licence is figned, Tho. Ridley ; 
 and the feal of red wax appendant to it, is engraven in the plate, 
 N° 2. 
 
 Dr. Walton is miftaken, in making Sir Rol e t accompany 
 lord Carlifle in his embafly to Paris, for that was in 1 6 1 6 ; and 
 Sir Robert died the latter end of May, 1615. He was buried 
 on the north fide of the chancel here ; where his widow eredted 
 a beautiful monument to the memory of his father and him, 
 employing that excellent artift Nicholas Stone, who had given fo 
 fine a proof of his ability, in the tomb of her father and mother 
 in Redgrave church. 
 
 Thus did the name of Drury become extindl in this village, 
 having flourifhed in it juft 150 years. 
 
 Sir Robert had two daughters : the elder, Dorothy, died at the 
 age of 4 years ; the younger, Elizabeth, to increafe the grief 
 of her parents, reached almoil 15. Of this young lady's 
 monument, with her epitaph, fome account has been already 
 given, p. 53. Tradition reports, that fhe died of a box on the 
 ear, w^hich her father gave her. This conceit rofe probably 
 
 ' Biog. Brit. 
 
 U from
 
 14<J HISTORY AND ANTIQJJITIES [Chap. HI. 
 
 from her being reprefented both on her monument, and in her 
 picture, as reclining her head on one hand ; juft as the ftory of 
 lord Ruffel's daughter dying of a prick of her finger took its 
 origin from her ftatue in Weftminfter Abbey, m hich reprefents her 
 as holding down her finger, and pointing to a death's head at her 
 feet. Another tradition relating to her is, that llie was deftined 
 for the wife of prince Henry, eldeft fon of James I. She was 
 certainly a great heirefs ; and their ages were not unfuitable : 
 but whether there be more truth in this, than in the other, I 
 pretend not to fay ; though this came from refpeflable authority. 
 What is certain is, that flie is immortalifed by the Mufe of Dr. 
 Donne, who had determined to celebrate her anniverfary in an 
 elegy as long as he lived ; 
 
 Accept this tribute, and his firft year's rent, 
 Who, till this dark fliort taper's end be fpent, 
 As oft as thy feafl fees this widow'd earth. 
 Will. yearly celebrate thy fecond birth, 
 That is, thy death. 
 
 However, we have nothing beyond the fecond anniverfary : 
 the truth feems to be, that panegyric had been fo profufely 
 lavillied in two elTays, that it was quite exhaufled. Some of 
 the lines have been noticed in the Spedator, N° 41, where they 
 are by miftake faid to be a defcription of Dr. Donne's miftrefs, 
 inllead of the departed daughter of his friend. They are in- 
 fcribed on her portrait in my pofTeflion ; and, I fliould fuppofe, 
 from the appearance of the paint, were put there foon after 
 they were written. They are now inferted at the bottom of the 
 engraving. This portrait is as large as life, well painted ; and 
 the only one of the family left at Hazv/ied Place, The great 
 expedations of the perfon it reprefents, the praifes bellowed 
 vipon her by one of the greateil wits of the age, arid the fingu- 
 
 larity
 
 Chap. III.] OF HAWSTED. 147 
 
 larity of the attitude, feem to make it worthy of being preferved 
 by the graver. The original is much more highly finiilied than 
 could be reprefented upon the fcale of the prefent plate. 
 
 Lady Drury refided, during her widowhood, at Hardwick 
 Houfe ; and in 16 16, procured a renewal of the licence for a 
 chapel there. The place chofen for that purpofe, by this lady 
 of fortune and rank, was an abfolute cellar ; and jDuts one in 
 mind of thofe caverns, in which the primitive Chriftians are 
 faid to have fometimes performed their religious fer vices, for 
 the fake of privacy. She died at Hardwick Houfe, 5 June, 1624, 
 and was buried in Hawfted chancel the next evening ' ; the 
 regifter alone recording her death, though fhe had left a void 
 fpace after her hufband's epitaph, for the infertion of her own \ 
 
 Sir Robert's heirs were his three fillers, i. Frances ^, mar- 
 ried firft to Sir Nicholas Clifford ; afterwards to Sir William Wray, 
 of Glentworth, in Lincolnfliire, Bart, from whom are defcended 
 the prefent Sir Cecil Wray, Bart, and lord Bofton. 2. Diana, 
 fecond wife to Sir Edward Cecil, third fon of the firft earl of 
 Exeter. 3. Elizabeth, fecond wife of William, fecond earl of 
 Exeter, by whom flie had three daughters, from whom the noble 
 families of Suffolk, Stamford, &:c. are defcended. Upon the 
 partition of Sir Robert's eflates, that at Hawfted, and its environs, 
 was fettled on the lady Wray ; the widow of whofe only fur- 
 viving fon Sir Chriftopher, the honourable dame Albinia Wray, 
 with three of her Ions, fold the eftate (he poffelfed here, 15 
 October, " in the year of our Lord Chrift (according to the 
 
 ' This would be reckoned very quick difpatch, even for a perfon of the humbled 
 condition •, but there is a fimilar inftance of a lady Drury, who was alfo a widow, in 
 1575. See extradls from the pariih regifter under that year, p. 69. 
 
 * See p. 56. 
 
 'This lady refided in Lincolnfhire; how long flie lived, I cannot exactly fay. Sh-; 
 executed a leafe of lands here in 1635, and was dead before 1647, when her charity, 
 ftill enjoyed by the poor of this village, took place. 
 
 U 2 " accompt
 
 148 HISTORY AND A N T I Q^U I T I E S [Chap.III. 
 
 " accompt ufetl in England), 1656," to Thomas Cullum, efq. 
 fjr 17,697 1. when the interefl of the Drurys ceafed here, after 
 a continuance of 190 years. 
 
 In the church cheft are prcferved feme papers, which may 
 help us to form an idea of fome of the iiumherlefs oppreflions, 
 under which the nation in general, and this village in particular, 
 laboured, during the civil wars, and confequent ufurpation, of 
 the laft century. I fliall tranfcribe fome of them. 
 
 1. The 9 day of Jenevary, i?42, receavcd of the conftables of Hawfted, the 
 fom of twtntey on pound, leven Ihillingcs, fouer penfe, which fayd fom was im- 
 pofed upon the fayd toune, towardes the lade motive of the gret fiibfide, granted 
 by the temporail, in the fevcntten yere of his majefty's rayne. I faye receaved the 
 day and yere above written, the fom of 2 1 1. lis. 4 d. for the ufe of king and par- 
 lemente, p me, John Daynes. 
 
 2. June 6, 1642, receaved of the church wardens and overfeers of Hawfted, 
 there contribution for there poor diflreffed brethren in Ireland, the fum of 16I. i6s. 
 which I am to pay to the high flierife. I fay, receaved p me, Jo. Sparrowc. 
 
 3. In April, 1643, the weekly afielTment ' upon lands and goods amounted to 
 2I. 14s. 8d. How long this weekly afTeflrnent continued does not appearj but at 
 leaft to September. 
 
 4. Whereas by a late ordinance of parliament, intimating the approaching of the 
 enimy towards the confines of thefe aflbciated counties % five hundred horfe, with 
 the trayned troopes, are to be raifed in the faid counties, which are to marche to 
 Cambredge for the fafetie of the aflbciation : whearof 350 horfes are charged upon 
 this county, for the compleating the faid farvice •, the proportion of our hundred of 
 Thingo being 11 and upwards, every horfe to be worth lol. at leafl, furniihed with 
 afufficient grate faddle, piftols and fwords, of five pounds of monneys; to provide 
 the fame to bee payd to the treafurer appointed by the deputy leafetennants ; for 
 the repayment whcareof, every parifh and partie fhall have the publique faith. And 
 alfoe, that every towne and parifh doe fend thare horfes, and fit riders, armed as 
 aforefaid, with one mounth's pay, being 3I. 10s. which is alfo to be paid to the 
 faid treafurer, at Bury Sr. Edmond's in the faid county, the 2zd day of this inftant 
 Auguft. The faid monies are to be raifed according to the ufeall rates. Thefe ?re 
 therefore, by virtue of the faid ordinance and warrant from the deputy leafetennants, 
 to require you to find one horfe and rider compleat as abovefaid, with the mounth's 
 pay, and bringe him before the deputy leafetennants, the day abovefaid. And you 
 
 ' Thefe afleflmer.ts were ordered to be made by both houfet of parliament, 28 February, 1643, 
 for the repayment of 6o,oool. with interefl, which the citizens of London had advanced for the 
 fupply of the army. 
 
 * Effex, Cambridgefliire, Ifle of Ely, Hertfordfliire, Suffolk, Norfolk, and city of Norwich, 
 alTociated in 1642. Of thefe the earl of Manchefter was general. 
 
 are
 
 Chap. III.] OF H A W S T E D. 149 
 
 are hereby authorized to diftraine fuch as (hall refufe to pay the faid rates, and to 
 make fale of the goods fo diftrained, according to the ordinance of parliament. 
 Hereof fail not. Dated at Reedc, Auguft 12, 1643. Jo. Sparrowe. 
 
 To the conftablcs You are to receive of the conftables 
 
 of Hafted. cf Nowton towards the charge, 5I. 
 
 2;? Auguft, 1643. 
 
 5. Receaved of the towne of Halfted, a bl. Horfe"! jj- 
 for the ufe of the kinge and parliment, prifed j 
 
 p Thomas Chaplin. 
 Samuel Moody. 
 
 6. April 25-, 1644. Receaved the day and year above written, by me, whofe 
 name is fubfcribed (being treafurer for raifing money towards pjyment of the 
 hundred thoufand pounds agreed to be forthwith advanced for our brethren in Scot- 
 land, towards payment of their army, raifed for our afliflance), the fum of 45 
 fhillings, of Mr. Sparrow, high conftable of Thingo hundred, in the county of 
 Suffolk, which is to be paid to the faid JMr. Sparrow or his afligns, with intereft, 
 after the rate of eight pounds per cent, for the Ipeedy payment whereof the publicke 
 faith of both nations is engaged. I fay, received of feveral perfons in Harfted, in 
 the faid hundred. John Clarke. 
 
 7. Odtober 2, 1(^44. Receaved the day and year above written, by me Sir 
 Thomas Middleton, knight, of divers perfons of the town of Hawfted, the fum of 
 four pounds of lawful money of England, being fo much voluntarily lent by them, 
 Towards raifing of forces to be employed under my command, for the reducing of 
 North Wales to their due obedience to the parliament ; and to be repayed to the- 
 faid townfmcn, their executors, or adminiftrators, with inierefl; for the fame, after 
 the rate of 81. per cent, per ann. by fuch ways and means as are exprefled in an 
 ordinance of the lords and commons in parliament, publilhed in print, 21 February 
 laft, enabling me the faid Sir Thomas Middelton to take fubfcriptions for the 
 fervice aforefaid. Thomas Middelton. 
 
 Receaved by me,. John Sparrowe. 
 
 8. About the fame time was " a rate made according as the two /. s. A 
 *' former great fubfidies were gathered," which amounted to — 1 1 2 6' 
 
 9. Colle£led in the parilh of Haufted, 0(51:ober 13, 1644, for Sir 
 
 William Brueton ' . 3n 4- 
 
 10. Conftables accounts. 
 
 1655. Paid to Goodman Hay ward, for carrying xxi lodes of faltpetter 
 to Bury — 114 o 
 
 Paid to Martin Nunn, for carrying of a lode of tubs for the faltpetter 
 Oen — — — — 034,,. 
 
 1/S56. Laid out for the towne for a fword and hanger .. — 086^ 
 
 * Brereton. He was general of Chefliire. 
 
 Laidi
 
 •I50 HI STORY AND AN T I QJJ I T I E S [Chap. III. 
 
 Laid out for z headpeces, and for fcoring (fcouring) and lining and /. s. d. 
 
 fringe — — — — — — 056 
 
 Laid out for Bandelleors " — — — — 020 
 
 Laid out for a lock for the towne mufket — — — 046 
 
 Laid out to Henry Perkin and Francis Hilder for trayning, and a quarter 
 
 of powdere ■ — 024 
 
 Laid out to Mr. Gilly for a cofllet ' and a headpece i 10 o 
 
 Laid out to Thomas Porker for going to Mildenhall., and for a quarter 
 
 of powder ^ • ■ — 014 
 
 Laid out for fcoring the coftlet, and lining ir, and leffning it, and 
 
 mending the prick • • — 076 
 
 1658. Laid out for carrying fl_/7j^j to Sudbury 100 
 
 During the above period, the conftable was ahnoft continually 
 employed in relieving and conveying foldiers and others, many of 
 them laid to have palTes from the Prote6tor himfelf. Inceflant 
 hues and cries were the confequence of the country being thus 
 infeited with vagabonds. 
 
 The' affair of faltpetre, that occurs above, requires fbme ex- 
 planation ; and I am enabled to give a fatisfadlory one, from 
 bifhop Watfon's Chemical ElTays ^ " Before fuch large quan- 
 " titles of faltpetre were imported from the Eaft Indies, the 
 *' manufaduring of it in England was much attended to ; 
 " though it appears from a proclamation of Charles I. in the 
 *' year 1627, that the faltpetre makers were never able to fur- 
 " nidi the realm with one-third of the faltpetre requifite, 
 " efpecially in time of war. This proclamation was iffued in 
 " 1627, in confequence of a patent granted in 1625, to Sir John 
 *' Brooke and Thomas Ruffel, for making faltpetre by a new 
 •** invention. In this new invention, great ufe was made of all 
 " forts of urine ; for the proclamation orders all perfons to fave 
 
 ' Bandoleers, for mu&ettiers ; which are little charges of powder like boxes ; fo called be- 
 caufe they are hanged and faftened to a broad band of leather, which the man puts sbout his neck. 
 Minfliew. Sometimes, the band or belt itfelf, with its charges, was fo called. See a print of one 
 of thefe accoutrements, in Horda Angel Cjnnan, vol. 111. plate 21. fig. iv. 
 
 * Corflet. Armour for the brealt and back. 
 
 3 Vol. I. p. 286. 
 
 *' the
 
 Chap. III.] OF H A W S T E D. 151- 
 
 " the urine of their families, and as much as they could of their 
 
 '' cattle, to be fetched away by the patentees, or their affigns, 
 
 " once in twenty-four hours in the fummer, and in forty-eight 
 
 " hours in the winter feafon. This ro^al proclamation was no 
 
 *' fmall inconvenience to the fubjecft ; but it was not fo great a 
 
 *' one as that by which the faltpetre makers were permitted to 
 
 ** dig up the floors of all dove-houfes, Jlables, &c. the proprietors 
 
 *' being at the fame time prohibited from the laying of fuch 
 
 '< floors with any thing but mellow earth. To this grievance all 
 
 " perfous had been fubje6led by a proclamation in 1625, which 
 
 " was revived in its chief extent in 1634; the new invention 
 
 " not having anfwered the purpofe for which the patent has 
 
 " been granted ;. and it was not till the year 1656, that an adt 
 
 *' of parliament paffed, forbidding the faltpetre makers to dig 
 
 *' in houfes or lands, without leave of the owners." Water 
 
 having been poured upon earths, in which faltpetre is generated, 
 
 to diffolve all the falts contained in them, is afterwards paffed 
 
 through wood ajhes^ in order to fupply the unformed parts of the 
 
 faltpetre with a proper alkaline bafis '. 
 
 From the above quotation we may conjedure, that the 21 
 lodes of faltpetter carried to Bury, were loads of earth from dove- 
 houfes, iiables^ Sec; and that the tubs for the faltpetter men,, 
 were full of urine, or fome other material of the fame kind. 
 In 1668, occur thefe articles ; 
 
 s. d. 
 ¥oT czrvy'mg/altpetlcr liquet — — i8 4. 
 
 For carrying of the tubs — — — — — — 3° 
 
 Thefe lail charges (liew, that though Cromwell relaxed the 
 moft vexatious part of the faltpetre grievance; the nation Hill 
 continued to be in fome degree burthened with it, even after the 
 Heftoration. 
 
 ' p. 290. 
 
 GuLLUJvr;.
 
 ■I SI HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIIlS [Chap. Ilf. 
 
 CULLUM. 
 
 Tfhis family was featcd at Thorndon, in this covintv, at leaft 
 SIS early as the 13 th century: for in 1483, Jo/j?i Cullum of that 
 place, by his will, directed his body to be buried in the church- 
 yard there ; appointed a leciilar prieft to pray and fing a year for 
 his foul, and to be paid by his fon Thomas ; and bequeathed 
 feveral legacies to religious ufes. For paying his debts, and 
 fulfilHng his will, he ordered his lands in Wetheringlet to be 
 fold. He mentions John and Sybly Cullum, who, I piefume, 
 were his children. This will was proved 8 June, 1483; and 
 is extant in the archdeacon of Sudbury's office at Bury. 
 
 The above Thomas Cullum occurs, in 1494, as a feoffee in a 
 deed, which relates to the village of Thorndon, as I was in- 
 formed by the late Mr. Ives. 
 
 There feems therefore but little occafion to derive this family, 
 as the heralds have done, from the Culms of Devonlhire, and 
 to feat it in this county, only four generations before Sir Thomas 
 Cnllum, who died in 1664; when the name occurs here, ac- 
 cording to its prefent orthography, full 300 years ago. 
 
 The firft of the family, connected with Hawfted, was I'homas 
 Cullujn-, who, being a younger fon, was put to bufinefs in London; 
 and became a very fuccefsful draper in Gracechurch Street. He 
 married a daughter of Mr. Nicholas Crifpe, who died in the 
 prime of life, leaving him the father of a numerous ofT-fpring. 
 I find the following epitaph for her, in her hufband's hand. 
 The monument was probably confumed by the dreadful fire in 
 1666. 
 
 Hear under refteth the body of the truly vertuous gentlewoman Mrs. Marie 
 Cullum, daughter to Mr. Nicholas Crifpe, marchant, wife to Thomas Cullum, draper, 
 
 of
 
 FED IGREE -j, 
 
 Jo 
 
 Thomas Cullun 
 
 Walter Cult 
 fou of Hl' 
 
 John Cut 
 
 JoHnCullum, of Short's, in Thomdoi),-r-Alice, dau. f 
 buried there in 1667, aged Si. {Dulgate, ofl 
 
 i u-r^r^ ADaughter=.... Elton, ofthe THO.Cui.LUM,=p- Mary Will. CuLLorenclr, 
 
 .M'GHTES.— ....Harvey, ADawhter. -r,^^^^^\_-Q of London. ! W.ilman. Thorndon, e!ddt=. 
 
 otlnninuon. " ,_ ^ ^ buried there in 
 
 /■ „ ,, , aged 77. — *\ 
 
 Sir Thomas Malifcll,=MA-UY CULLUM. Dr. Herbert. 
 
 o d lu oiedm ib97,aged 33. l^onaon, oi;.u 1.. '" ^-; t a- n. ^,V«,- ,t^ Su 
 
 1-30, aged 74. Eurnj Ely, biittolk. , at l!-ye, 17^-. 
 
 >v. 
 
 V , 
 
 I _ . . „ . _ r Tv.n ft.n 
 
 aiiravc, suaoiK, atcuuui-^, 1 .' ' 
 
 )n\-776, S. .'..■ of Eye. V . v^ 
 
 Three daughters. ^_^ 
 
 I 
 
 -Thomas CuLLUM,=-Savilia, dau. of John. u' ^^v'^'^^n.^'^^d I orWilH 
 
 "ofKaling,Middlefex,^Col.Supde,Go- I.anvrence. bart. diea m r754- ag^'' I °* j^' '' ' 
 
 diedinf7i7. vernor of Dover 2 Stephens. H- j^otjjmeia 
 
 Htnry Hawley, 
 of Brentford. 
 
 ■u,.ls dau. of— ThLmas CuLLUM.-=Savilia, dau. of John. ' Sir Jasper CrLLUM.^Anne, d. 
 
 ■*''''-- . -^ -,. .• ,/r-.„.r... T^Col.StirdcGo- 1.AWR 
 
 vernor of Dover 2 Ste_ 
 
 Caftle. 3 Daughters. 
 
 y I y'^ j 
 
 ! I Jane, dau. and hesr of Thomas— 
 
 ANNUuLLrM.diea Sa'vil.aCullum, Catharine CLrELUM,- Ddane, of Freefolk, Hants, j 
 
 finglein i73ii. died young. died fingle in 173^- I 
 
 ^neCullum, I — — " I' ■ ~ I 
 
 td an infant in. | r> r r^ r r 
 
 ofWcftHam.Eflix.. ! Edmonds. butiolk. 
 
 ToHNci-LLUM THO.GeRYCULLUM, . JoH N P ALMER CULL 
 
 JOHN »-l'LLUM, ■>■ , • , boin m-17S3. 
 
 liied an infant. bojnini,,,.
 
 FED IG REE of CtTLLUM, of SUFFOLK. 
 
 JoHr: CuLLUM, of Thomdon, ia Suffolk, died in 1483 
 _^\ 
 
 To fare p. 1 51, 
 
 rHOMAS CULLUM, JOHH CULLL'SI. S IB L Y CVI-H.' M. . 
 
 Walter Culm dc Stsnbiil in Thorndon, faid :o be a rccoad=^=Caihirinc Rivcit, 
 fou of Hugh Culm of Moland, in Devonfliirc. ; 
 
 Thomas Cullum dc Stanhill.=T=Alicc Aldiich. 
 
 John CuLLu.M=Mary AppU«right. 
 
 JoHM CuLU'M.^Rebccca, dan. of Thomas Smilh. of Bsaon, Suffolk. 
 
 y^^ ■ 
 
 I ui, ,„f,I,. Tito Cu1lum,=P- Mary Will. Cullum. of^iMary, dau. of S.r Tno. CuLLUM.-r-DuJky.jd dau.of 
 
 I „==- Harvey, ADau SHTEH.— ... . Elton, of the ^ '^"'^^^ ■y^V.f^^in. Thorndon, elded fon, Edwa.d Cole- died in .680, aged Sir Henry No.*, 
 
 mrl,«T-^-—^-;^-^l'^^^J„\ Priory,-ncarBu.y. ot Lond on ^, Varied there in ,700, man, of Burnt about so. of Milden-Hall, 
 
 ^ — ~ "" aged 77. I Ely. ,' °3''- 
 
 Si, Thomai Mat,fell.=M,-.itv Cullum.— Dr. H^rbei.. y A 
 
 1 
 
 „ I tci . ■ -rl,.,rndnn =;=Aliee dau of lohn sir THOMAS CuLLUM, of H.nvHed,=pMory, dau. of Nicholas Crifpe, by Rtbecta Dak. CtTLLUM.=EI 
 J°""^:;dX;:"X: ^^3r:"'°"X P"S:.e:oi?lS. bar.^bur,ed therein ,0>,. aged 77. I Tal^c, died i„ iC^.aged 36. 
 
 iiabeth '■> 
 Bum. 
 
 John CutLtM^of L6ndon,died:*prAnn«, diw: of Tho. T.aurcnct,- 
 about 1 7 to, Aged nc^- So. . i of Woodborough, Wiltj. 
 
 V ^ 
 
 r. n I ,. , . _v, .L p™„lev Anne =John Goat, of Annej dau. of=Sir DuDLEy=Elii. Wicki. Tho.Cllii.m, 
 
 !■ u„h Cblman. of Will. CuLLUM,. died in-T-M*'** "^"l"''.' rrLLUJl Thraudiflon, lohn ift Lord Cvllum, died firgle la 
 
 Jv....7 "■'"••'■-"'^'■'-7 ' foLn diedl^., ,7 = 7, ased tr,i buriedat I of Buryrbu.ied Cv LL.JM. J^audMo, , J ^ bart. died in . ."OC. 
 
 p.|d„i di.Ji<.ii.97.>B='l3S. L.™;';^',;;",';."' BurMETy.Suffoll-.. l at Eye. .73--.- ='""°"'- s.ratton, died .,»o, S. I. 
 
 rllt- _^ --'—[ ~" I iui;o9. 
 
 Hcnrv Norch,=: Mary =. 
 of Beiucrv CULIL M, 
 
 Suffolk. 
 
 1 
 
 . Bcdin^MJ, Elii. =Rcv..Mr. 
 Cl'«.LUN« Boya. 
 
 r,L-.Reanr=:Mirabcna 
 , buffolk, Siebbing, 
 '.,S. r. of Eye. 
 
 Mariha DM''-=f=Edm>md Bci.s. of 
 ', Oaklev, Sjir.ilk. 
 
 Tv.o funs-and one daughter, 
 died youDg. 
 
 N 
 
 Three daughter!. 
 
 UoiijHawey, I ofEa "g.M'ddleiej, ^^^^^ , Stephens. H- ^^ ^ 
 
 sIBrcmloid. died in 1717. Calile. ; DAUGHTERS. 
 
 , ^ I ^ 1 lane, .tan. and heir of ThomM— Sir John 
 
 .1 .„ r.THA ,neCul,.um, ■" Deauc, of F.ecfolk, Hants. Twt died 
 
 Sir jASPsl CuLLUM.^Anne dau^and hei, Ma.V Cu"-.=J"h;J|-|;;-^. ^.NA Ct LLUM.=Abr,Mm F*. 
 
 Deeop.au CfLLt N.=;Cl.iude Hays, Turkey nicithant. 
 
 \,^lcuLLfM,Jitd - SavimaCullum, 
 iMigleinnp. died young. 
 
 Catharine CuLLU^ 
 died fingle in 1737. 
 
 _f- 
 
 , r. ,nJ heir of Thomas — Sir John CuLLUM,— Snfannah, dau. and eoheir of 
 ^=^tom:r;i:lk!Hants. yw^^d in .:H.[|;^TKon,,s^^iy, U.. bj 
 
 I ^ Sii- John Wictcwrorigc, of 
 y I lUiotamftcd, Herts. 
 
 T 
 
 _/v_ 
 
 , IakeCilluM, 1 "^ I „ i Ani„,p,I,^,r oi^ ISAEVLLA 1 ane C U LLU U.=FHenrv ^"t^non, of Grcat Thur 
 
 tLanialaatm. [ ^ L —iH^-vHanfon K.v. James CuLLUM, St.!ANNA=A(l,Uy Palmer, of I^»^tLL'>. JA^Et.t T, -s„ir„|k, .Idcll b.ollie, o 
 
 W r.v.Sir.llHNCuLLUM.=Peggy.onlvdan. Tj' ^ ° '„^^ T^f'^ y B, rcftoi of StradUhall. CuLLUM. Bury Sr.Edmonds. CtLLu... Lord Shipbrook, died .a De< 
 
 ban. born in 173 i- 
 
 — PcPirV. on V oan. iiiu. ^i-"* 1 - ^ „ 
 
 -y\. 
 
 1 
 
 M-.:iY-Cl.'LH.-; 
 
 JOHK Cl'I.H.-M, 
 died an infaiu* 
 
 Tiio. Gehv Cui.lum, 
 born in iin- 
 
 J""" iri^". '3."""' Hoirj Vernon, bor. in .:,,. 
 
 John Vernon, born in htO. Aiethufa Vernon, born in 1777.
 
 Chap. III.] OF n A W S T E D. ij^ 
 
 of this parifli. She departed this life the zzd of July, 1637, in the 36ch year of 
 hir age, having had iffue 5 Ions, and 6 daughters. 
 
 Hir corpes interr'd lies hear. To reigne eternallie 
 
 V^^'hich liv'd with a free fpirit. Among the juil. 
 
 Who by God's mercie, To live and die well. 
 
 And hir Saviour's meritt, Was hir whole indeavor ; 
 
 Departed in aflured hope • And in affbrancc died 
 
 And certain truft. To live forever. 
 
 If that all women wer but near fo good as fhee, 
 Then all men furely might in wives right happie bee. 
 Would any know, how virtus rare in hir did take ; 
 I fay no more-, (he was a crispe, born of a pake. 
 
 The boaft at the end of the laft line, that his wife's mother 
 was a Pake, was better founded than fuch kind of boafts often 
 are. She was Rebecca, the daughter of Mr. John Pake, of 
 Broomfield, in EfTex. I have fome of her letters, after flie was 
 married, that mark a very good head and heart ; and the follow- 
 ing, when file was fingle, is worth preferving : 
 
 " Deare Mother, 
 
 My humble dutye remembred unto my father & you, Sec. I received upon 
 Weddenfday lad a letter from my father & you, whereby I underftand, it is your 
 pleafures, that I fhoulde certifie you, what time? I do take for my lute, and the reft 
 of my exercifes. I doe for the moll: part playe of my lute after fupper, for then 
 commonlie my lady hearech me ; & in the morninges, after I am reddie, I play an 
 hower; Sc my wrightinge & fiferinge, after Ihave done my lute. For my drawinge, 
 I take an hower in the afternovvne ; &: my French at night before fupper. My lady 
 hath not bene well thefe tooe or three dayes : fhe telleth me, when fhe is well, ihat 
 Ihe will fee if Hilliard will come and teche me; if fhe can by any means, (he will. 
 Gocd mother, I doe knowe, that m.y learninge hath bene a greate charge both to 
 my father & you, and a great paine to myfelfe. If I fhoulde through a little floth 
 forget that which I have bellowed all my time to learne, and a greate dele of paines 
 before I came to it, I were greatlye to be blamed for it. But I hope I ihal! have fo 
 good a care to kepe it, and fo great a deficr to increafc it, that it fhall be pleafinge 
 to my father & you, and every one elfe. As touchinge my nevve corfe in fervice, I 
 hope I fhall performe my dutye to m}- lady with all care and regard to pleafe her, 
 and to behave myfelfe to everye one elfe as it fliall become me. Mr. Harrifcne 
 was with me upon Fridaye ; he heard me phye, and brought me a dufTon of trebles ; 
 I had fome of him when I came to London. Thus defiring pardone for my rude 
 
 X writir.ge,
 
 154 H 1 S T O il Y A N D A N T I Q, U 1 T 1 E S [Chap, III. 
 
 wriringe, I leave yOXi to ths Alii'/ightie, defiringe him to increafe in you all health 
 & happines. 
 
 Fiidayc night. Your obedient daughter, 
 
 i^g§. Rebecca Pake." 
 
 This letter ', written in a^vcry beautiful hand, and diretSted 
 *' to my good mother Mrs. Pake, at Broum field, deliver this," 
 iliews how much attention was paid both to the uiet'ul and orna- 
 mental accomplithraents of this young woman. It was an age, 
 when female education was much attended to. The queen her- 
 felf was extremely accomplinied ~. The nobility, and perfons 
 of fortune, retained in their fervice many young people of both 
 fexes, of good families, and beftowed upon them the fafliionable 
 education of the time : their houfes were the beft, if not the 
 
 ' It was faflened in the old, and very efiedual manner, with wax and ravelled 
 fiik ; the latter, when the letter was to be opened, was cut with a knife or pair of 
 fciflars, while the former remained unbroken. To this cuftom of fecuring letter?, 
 ShakTpeare alludes in his '' Lover's Complaint;" 
 
 Letters ladl^' penn'd in blood, 
 
 Withjleiiicdfilk feat and affcftcdly 
 
 Enfzvo.tlfd i-.nd fear d to curious fecrccy. 
 
 It was one of thefe letters, that Charles V. when crippled with the gout, found 
 fuch difficulty in opening. Charles s'cfForcoit d'ouvrir la leltre de Henri ; mais 
 comme elle etoit «7/^w avec dejils dcfoic, fes doigts, couverts de nodus, et prefque 
 perclus, ne pouvojent les rompre. Ililloire de France par M. Gamier, as quoted 
 in " I'Efprit des Journaux," for April, 1782. 
 
 This fafl-iion continued till at lead late in the lafl century. For I have feen a letter 
 from Chriltina, the abdicated queen of Sweden, to our Charles 11. dated at Ronie,^ 
 in 1678, that was thus fecured. 
 
 '^ Of this the duchefs dowager cf Port!a!>d is in poneffion of a very cui io.us proof. 
 It is a very fmall book, containing fix prayers, all of confiderable ifngth ; the firfl 
 and laft are in Englifli, the fccord is In French, the third in Italian, tl e fourth in 
 Latin, and the fifth in Greek. It is difficult to fay, whether the piety or the gcod 
 fenfe they contain be predominant. They exhibit a ipecimen cf exquifite pen- 
 manlliip, which there is the befl reafon to believe was' executed with her majefly's 
 own hand ; nor can there be much doubt of their being her own coiripofnion-, for, 
 cxclufive of tradition, they have this internal evidence, -that there ib fuch a piofound 
 humility and fdf-abafemcnt pervading the whole, as fcarcely any of her fubjeifts 
 would have ventured to put inio her mouth, even in the form of a prayer. 
 
 only
 
 Chap. IIL] OF II A W S T E D. 155 
 
 only feminaries of elegant learning. Such was the fituation of 
 the perfon who wrote the above letter ; flie was probably very 
 young at that time ; and was in --the fervice of fome lady of 
 fafliion, who admitted her as her companion in her vacan*- 
 hours; allowed her to improve herfelf in what flie had learnt; 
 and was defirous of having her inftru6ted by Mr. Hilliard, one 
 of the beft miniature painters of the age. 
 
 Mr. Cullum was one of the iheriffs of London in 1646 ; and 
 in Anguft 1647 was, with the lord mayor and feveral others, 
 comn^itted to the Tower for high treafon, that is, for having 
 been concerned in fome commotions in the city, in favour 
 of the king. He was never mayor; the ruling powers, I fuppofe, 
 not thinking proper he lliould be trufted v/ith that office. In 
 1656, as has been before faid, he made his purchafe in this 
 place, to which he retired from the hurfy of bufinefs and public 
 life, being then near 70 years old. Immediately upon his pur- 
 chafe, he fettled his eftate on his only furviving , fons Thomas 
 and John, referving to himfelf only a life intereft in it. 'Very 
 foon after the Reftoration, he was created a baronet, his patent 
 bearing date 18 June, 1660. This mark of royal favour, and 
 his having been committed to the Tower for favouring the king's 
 party, in 1 647, might, one v.ould have thought, have fccured 
 him from every apprehenfion of danger ; but whether it were 
 that he had temporized a little during fome period of the 
 Ufurpation, or that money was to be fqueezed from the opulent 
 by every poffible contrivance, he had a pardon under the great 
 feal, dated 17 July, 1661, for all, treafons and rebellions, with 
 all their concomitant enormities, committed by him before the 
 29th of the preceding December. Some crimes were excepted 
 from the general pardon, as burglaries, perjuries, forgeries, and 
 feveral others; amongft which, fhall we laugh or weep at finding 
 
 X 2 wilcb-
 
 156 HISTORY AND A N T I Q^U 1 T I E S [Chap. III. 
 
 imtchcraft^ He died 6 April, 1664, and was buried in the 
 chancel here. 
 
 Of his ufeful charities fome account has been already given. 
 A ftreet in London ilill bears his name, and where he had con- 
 fiderable property, of which he juil efcaped feeing the deflriicftion,, 
 by the fatal fire. 
 
 I have two portraits of him. In one, he is in his alderman's 
 gown, which is fcarlet, trimmed with fables; a large ruff, and 
 clofe black cap, edged with white. In the other, he is in his 
 flieriff's gown, which is black, the arms adorned with black and 
 gold loops and buttons, juil like the drefs of the fellow-com- 
 moners at Cambridge ; a broad falling band, a falhion peculiar 
 to the time of the Ufurpation ; gold-fringed gloves ; and the 
 black cap as before. This was painted by Sir Peter Lely ; and 
 is fcarcely inferior to the pencil of Vandyck. The impreffion of 
 his gold ring feal is given in the plate, N° 10. within is en- 
 graven the name of his friend, Ralph Ingram, with his own : 
 this, I believe, was not an uncommon cuftom. 
 
 He was fucceeded by his eldeft fon 'Thomas Cullum^ who, about 
 the year 1657, married Dudley ', the fecond daughter of Sir 
 Henry North of Mildenhall, in this county, Bart. In 1680, he 
 and Mr. Rotherham were ele6tcd members of j)arliament for the 
 burrough of Bury St. Edmund's by a majority of the Freemen : 
 but the alderman returned Sir Thomas Hei vey and Thomas 
 Jermyn, efquire, who had been elected by a majority of the 
 corporation. And the former petitioned the houfe in vain againft 
 the return; as, in 17 13, Jermyn Davers and Gilbert Affleck, efqrs. 
 did, in fimilar circumftances, againft the honourable Carr Hervey 
 and Aubrey Porter. 
 
 ' Peregrine, her fifter, was the mother of Sir Thomas Hanmer, the Speaker. 
 Several of her letters are in my poflellion, and befpeak her a woman of a very cul- 
 tivated underftanding. From her the prefent Sir Charles Bunbury inherits a good 
 eltate in this county. See p. 70. 
 
 2 Of
 
 Chap. III.] O F H A W S T E D. 157 
 
 Of the Chrillmas hofpitality exercifed by Sir Thomas, I have 
 leveral inftances in the Hits of the gueils iiivited to the Place at 
 that feftive feafon. The corapuny was divided into two parties; 
 one invited a day or two after Chriftmas Day ; the other on 
 New Year's -Day : a third party, wlio, I fuppofe, llayed at home, 
 had each of them a peck of wheat, and a ftone of beef. The 
 whole number of all forts was about 60 : the women came with 
 their hufbands ; but no children are mentioned. 
 
 Sir Thomas and his lady were more united in their deaths than 
 in their lives ; flie dying in September, and he in October, 1680. 
 They were both buried here. 
 
 Their portraits were painted by Sir Peter Lely, and in his 
 beft manner. His pidture is remarkable for being almoft entirely 
 brown ; his complexion, flowing peruke, drapery, and the ground, 
 being little elfe than different .fliades of that colour : yet the 
 whole produces a very goDd efTed:. She has a moft pleafing 
 countenance ; her hair flowing in loofe ringlets on her forehead 
 and fhoulders, with a very large fingle pendant in her car. Her 
 drapery is a fky blue. Both thefe portraits, as well as that be- 
 fore-mentioned, are in perfect prefervation and freflmefs. 
 
 Some accounts of' the overfeers of the poor about this period 
 are preserved in the church cheft, and will appear fcarccly credible 
 to the prefent age. 
 
 From 26 May 1670, to 25 May 167 1, they expended on the 
 relief of the poor 3I. i8s. They gathered two rates, which 
 amounted to 3I. 2,s. 8d. 
 
 From 25 May 167 1, to 11 May 1672, 4I. 7s. The word 
 coUediion was then ufed, as it ftill continues to be, for money 
 raifed by rate, and beftowed on the poor. The old way of re- 
 lieving the poor was by colleBing ox gathering money ioxxh^vd. 
 from the inhabitants, who gave as they were able, or inclined ; 
 a tuitom that flill prevails in fome parts of Wales, where the 
 
 clergyman,
 
 ^S'i HISTORY AND A N T I Q^U ITI E S [Chap.III. 
 
 clergy m;i;-i, on a Sunday, announces from his dcHc, the name 
 and circuniftances of the perfon who wants rehef, and a co/- 
 ledlion is made in the congregation. This mode has its ad- 
 vantages. 
 
 From 10 May 1672, to 8 May 1674, (two years) 13I. 19s. 3d. 
 This account was atteited by the redtor, as well as the overfeers. 
 The next year, 15 1. 3s. 8d.; the next, 81. 2s. 2d.; the next, 
 13I. 4s. 9d.; this account was delivered to the Juftices ; the 
 next, 1 4 1. OS. 2d. ; the next, only 4I. i6s.; the next, ending 
 eS April 1680, Tol. 15s. 8d. 
 
 The eftarc and title devolved on Dudley Culium, the eldefl fon, 
 who had been educated at Bury School, under that excellent 
 grammarian Mr. Leedes. In 1675, he went to St. John's College, 
 Cambridge, where the young "men at that time, however frugal 
 they might be in other refpeits, drelTed as Beaux ; for, in his 
 tutor's bill for 1675, 7 s. were charged for mending his fword ; 
 and the year following, 3 s. for the fame purpofe. Yet this laft 
 year did his mother tell him by letter, that flie could not agree 
 that he fliould have a hanging for his chamber, without his 
 father's confent, as it would be a conliderable charge, and as all 
 fellow-commoners had not their chambers hanged. Here, among 
 other acccmplifliments, he amufed himfelf with engraving, as 
 appears by his college bills, and the followhig letter to him, .which 
 preferves the name of an artift, of whom I find no other men- 
 tion, and who at leaft promifed well : 
 
 " Sir, 
 
 Ic was my milhap to be out of the way, when the bearer of your note came ; and 
 having perufed it, I fhall defire to ofter the beft of my fervices to you, and Ihail 
 not doubt of performing my part, fo as to give you a further fatisfadion, than 
 can probably be e':ped:ed, in a few days, if you can fpare but two or three 
 hoiirs in a daw It 1 ihould btgin to-morrow morning, by Saturday night, I 
 
 qucflion
 
 Chap. III.] OF H A W S T E D. 159 
 
 queflion not, but you will be able to grave any thing better than you can draw or 
 wrire. This from him who dcTires to be found, 
 
 Your painful fervant 
 
 Oilober the t^th, 1676. to command, to my power, 
 
 Edward Smiiji. 
 
 i( 
 
 Sir, 
 
 I have always one half down, and the other when performed. The enclofed is 
 graved upon copper and filver, by a boy that is but 14 years old, and but 3 or 4 
 days practice, Mr. Urlin's fon the goldfmith. He never handled a graver before I 
 begun with him. 1 took it off from his graving with blacking." 
 
 Towards the end of the next year, he Teems to have medi- 
 tated a journey to the Continent, a defign which, I beheve, was 
 never executed. About the fame time, he recovered from the 
 fmall-pox ; a circumitance, certainly not worth mentioning, 
 except as affording an inftance of the great dread which our 
 anceftors had of that diforder; the recovery from which, though 
 now, among perfons of the better fort, an ahnolt difregarded 
 event, formed then a kind of era in a man's hfe. This is fo 
 ftrongly expreffed in the following letter to him on this occafion, 
 and which does alfo fo much credit to the mafter and the fcholar, 
 that I am tempted to tranfcribe it : 
 
 " Sir, 
 
 I doe not doubt but you have a great many friends that rejorce wiih 3-ou at your 
 recovery from the fmall-pox; and the requeft of this paper is, that I may be though!; 
 one of the number; not onely becaufe I eReeme you, as 1 have reafon, my very 
 good friend, but alfo for the good fignes you already give of being an honefl and 
 lober gentleman, fuch as may both fupport the honour of your family, and promote 
 alfo the good of your country; and therefore no man that loves either could have 
 been willing to have loft you. You are now pafl. Sir, one of the moft dangcrou«! 
 and mifchievous difeaies that reigne in huinane bodyes, and that ufually fee upoa 
 men, when they are furtheft removed from their friends; and have lioryt the 
 returne of many a young gentleman beyond the feas, when his hopes and f)yles have 
 been fpread homeward. And though the defign you v^ent cut withail fc, 
 as I heare, layd afide, yet whenlbever you fhall refume the defire of feeing fbreigna 
 countryes, you may now pafle the feas with a great deale more fecurity to yourfelfe, 
 
 and .
 
 i6o HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES [Chap. III. 
 
 and fatisfadtion to your friends. But before that, I lieare there are fome hopes of 
 feeing you agaia in the country, when I hope you will favour with your company, 
 
 S I R, 
 
 Bury, December 20, Your mod affedionate fervant, 
 
 1677. Edw. Leedes." 
 
 On the 8th of September, 1681, he married Anne, daughter 
 of John lord Berkley of Stratton, at Berkley, now Devonfliire, 
 Houfe. A few years afterwards, 1684, he had a difpute with 
 his mother-in-law, Chriilian lady Berkley, about fomething 
 more than I cool, which he claimed in right of his wife. This 
 difpute is only noticed, for the manner in which the affair was 
 partly compromifed : the parties agreed, that the money fliould 
 be put into an iron cheft, or flrong box, and there locked up ; 
 and the faid cheft or box lodged in the chamber of Martin Folkes, 
 efquire, in Graye's Inn, and the key delivered to Sir Dudley 
 CuUum : the faid money there to remain, until it fliould be 
 determined by the judgement of the high court of chancery, or 
 of fome of his majefty's courts of Weftminfter, to whom the 
 faid money of right belonged. 
 
 For feveral years he refided chiefly at his feat here, being re- 
 markably fond of his garden, into which he introduced mofl: of 
 the curious exotics that were then known in England. He 
 fpeaks in particular, in 1694, of his orange trees, which were 
 then much lefs common here than they are at prefent, as thriv- 
 ing in the moft luxuriant manner. His green-houfe was 58 
 feet long, 14 wide, and 10 high. He correfponded with the 
 philofophic gardener and planter Mr. Evelyn, who diredted his 
 botanical purfuits, and whofe flove for the prefervation of 
 green-houfe plants he adopted. Of the fuccefs of this new 
 invention he gave Mr. Evelyn an account in a letter, printed in 
 the Philofophical Tranfadions ', and at the end of Mr. Evelyn's 
 
 ' Vol. XVIII. N° 212. 
 
 works.
 
 Chap. III.] OF H A W S T E D. 16 1 
 
 works. The excellency of it con filled in admitting frefli air 
 into the grccn-houfe in winter, and in managing that air in 
 fuch a manner as to keep up the fire to any degree of heat : 
 a contrivance, fays Sir Dudley, " which has certainly more per- 
 *' fedlion than ever yet art \vas before mafter of ;" and which 
 had highly obliged him, and " all the lovers of this hortulane 
 *' curiofity and recreation." 
 
 To one end of the green-houfe adjoined a building v.'hich w^as 
 called the Banqueting Houfe^ the foundation of which was waflied 
 on two fides by the moat. The ground room (under which was 
 a cellar), I remember, was a favourite Ration. of the angler: over 
 that was the feftive apartment, about 1 4 feet fquare, with almofl 
 as much glafs as a lanthorn, and commanding a moft cheerful 
 profpedl:. This, as well as the green-houie, were built, I ap- 
 prehend, foon after the year 1680. 
 
 The amufements of the country he ill exchanged for the 
 expenfive buftle of public life ; ftanding, in 1702, with Samuel 
 Barnardifton, efq; a contefted eleflion for the county, ag;iin{l the 
 earl of Dyfart, and Sir Robert Davers, baronet. Lord Dyfart 
 and he were returned; lord Dyfart having above 2200 votes; 
 Sir Dudley Cullum above 2100; Sir Robert Davers above 2000; 
 and Mr. Barnardifton about 1800 '. 
 
 He had juft before lolt his only brotlier Thomas Cullum^ who. 
 died a batchelor, and for whom he had a great affedlion. He 
 had been educated Avith his brotl^ier at Bury School ; and in June, 
 1679, was admitted a fellow-commoner of Chrift's College, 
 Cambridge. He appears to liave been a gentleman of lively 
 parts, and the moft ami\ible manners. 1 have feveral letters to 
 
 ' It may bo a matter of curiofity to mention, that there are two other polls for 
 xhe county printed ; one in 1710, v/hen Sir Thomas Hanmer had 3433 votes; 
 Sir Robert Davers 32?3 ; and Sir Philip Parker, 20^4. The other in 1727, when 
 'Sir Jermyn Daver^jhad 3077 ; Sir William Parker 2c;i63 ; and John Holt €fq. 2365. 
 
 Y hiin
 
 i£z HISTORY AND ANTIQJJITIES [Chap.. III... 
 
 him from his accomplifhed aunt, Peregrine Hanmer, Mr. Hervey, 
 afterwards the firft earl of Brirtol, and feveral others,, full of 
 the fprightlieft fallies of -vit, and of the mort affedionate ex- 
 prefTions of friendfliip. He was a great- proficient in niufic ;. 
 and a moft paflionate admirer of the fair fex, upon one ofi 
 whom, a near relation, of his friend Mr. Hervey's, he wrote 
 volumes of profe. and verfe, which are perhaps fome of the 
 lateft inftancesof thofe enthufiaftic lov© rhapfodies which our- 
 anceftors fo much admired. He was fometimes, however, a man? 
 of bufinefs ; for, 15 Charles 11. when the laity granted the king' 
 Aiblldies for carrying on the war againft the Dutch, , he was one; 
 of the CommifTioners for the hundred of Thingo. 
 
 Sir Dudley, in about a year after the death of his lady in 1709,, 
 married Mrs. Anne Wicks; but died, without ilTue by either, ia , 
 1720; leaving his eftate X.C) Jg-fper Cullum^ to whom the title,, 
 upon the extind:ion of the elder branch, defcend-cd. I hav£ a^ 
 good miniature in oil of Sir Dudley, paft his prime, in a large 
 wig, and long cravat.. 
 
 The poors rates ftill continued extremely moderate : the village 
 indeed was not fo populous as it is at prefent ; and the manerial , 
 houfe probably afforded fome relief to the ne.ceffitous.. But the. 
 lownefs of the rates m.ufl; not l>e attributed to thefe caufes only : 
 the Faupertatis pudor et fuga, certainly operated at-that time more 
 forcibly upon the lovi^er people, than at prefent* Scarcely any-' 
 relief was afforded, except in licknefs. 
 
 In 1 68 1, the money expended for the poor amounted to?* 
 
 13I. 8 s. 6d. fom€ of the articles are : 
 
 /. d.. 
 
 Layd out for woolen and bread for Edward Goodwin's burial ■ ■ - 7 6- 
 
 For a cheefe for the funeral — -r^. — ^ — 1 3 
 
 For beer at the funeral — — . .-^ — -, — 2. 6 
 
 So that there was an humble banquet, even at the interment 
 of this poor msin> , vi'ho was buiied at the expence of the parifh. 
 
 la
 
 ^Chap. ni.] OF H A W S T E D. i6$ 
 
 In 1682, only 3I. 9s.; the next year, 1 1. 17s. 11 d.; the 
 Tiext, il. 17 s. 3(1. Some years are here wanting. In 1688, 
 7I. 7s. 6d; the next, 61. 8s.; the next, 7I. 17s. 6d.; the 
 next, lol. 8s. 4 d. The accounts are now very careleffly kept. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 z^ Sept. i<J95, laid out for Goody Nunn to the mountibanke for her -eyes 25 o 
 
 li Sept. 1697, laid out fori dozen of patches for the poor — ^6 
 
 Sept. 1700, carried the widowS^iiith oneyw?;^ of thorns *— 12 o 
 
 Difburfed from 7 Dec. 1706, to 21 April, 1707 — — jC'^3 4 7 
 
 Sir Jafper Cullum was fon of John Cullnm, of London, efq. 
 ^he fecond fon of the firft baronet, by Anne daughter of I'homas 
 Lawrence of Woodborough, Wilts. I have portraits of them 
 both, well painted, in the reign of William. He is fitting in an 
 *eIbow chair, in a loofe gown, large wig, anJ a band like thofe 
 worn by the clergy at prefent; fo that that part of drefs was even 
 ■then continued by fome old-fa(hioned people ; and was not, as it is 
 ■now, peculiar to a profeffion. She is alfo fitting ; her head 
 ;built up with one of thofe narrow lofty caps, peculiar to the latter 
 end of the laft century, and as prepofterous as any of the modern 
 ones, with infinitely lefs elegance; over this is a black tranfparent 
 liood, tied under the chiU;, the ends of which, with thofe of the 
 cap, hang down before, almoft to the waift. Her countenance 
 is as freili as if jutl: painted. Sir Jafper was high IherifF of the 
 •county in 1722, when Arundel Coke, efq. was executed for 
 maiming and disfiguring Mr. Crifpe of Bury. The unhappy 
 -convi<a:, to avoid the crowd that was likely to attend fuch a 
 ^pedacle, defired, if the flieriff thought there were no hopes of 
 pardon, to fuffer early in the morning. His requeft was com- 
 plied with. And it lliould feem as if a refcue was apprehended ; 
 for, among the expences, there is the charge of two guineas for 
 an exraordinary guard to attend t3ie execution. Sir Jafper died 
 ■in an advanced age in 1754; ^"^ ^'^^ fucceeded by his only fon, 
 
 Y ^ John
 
 i64 HISTORY AND ANTIQ.UITIES [Cliap. III. 
 
 yohn Cullum, who received fome part of his education from 
 Dr. Defagviliers. He was afterwards of the hmcr Temple, being 
 tlefio-ned for the pradiice of the law. Fie died in 1774, ^" ^^^^ 
 75th year, which, it is fomething remarkable, was an earlier 
 period than that reached by his three immediate anceftors. Of 
 his marriages, iffue, and chara'ffer (as fome others before-men- 
 tioned), fomething, may be feen in the pedigree, and in liis 
 epitaphs 
 
 I have a moft ftriking likenefs of him, painted at the latter, en d< 
 of life, and in his ufual llraplicity of drefs, by Mr. Dance: befides . 
 one of his fecond wife, by the excelling pencil of Angelica 
 Kauffman, whofe good tafte chofe to reprefent her in the drefs 
 ilie ufually wore, as more becoming a perfon advanced in life, 
 than any fancied drapery or ornaments. The fame incomparable 
 artift executed alfo the portrait of the compiler of this hiftory, , 
 in his clerical habit, and with a book in his hand. 
 
 Sir John CiiRmn was fucceeded by his eldeft fon of the fame 
 names, who is now re£tor and patron of the church, as well as 
 lord of the manor. 
 
 The other principal proprietors are, Sir Thomas Rookwood 
 Gage, baronet,, whofe maternal anceftors, the Rookwoods, had 
 lands here, 'at.leaft as early as the reign of Henry V. Jofliua 
 Grigby, and Chriftopher Metcalfe, efqrs. The latter relides here 
 in a good manfion, which he almoft rebuilt in 1783, of white 
 brick, a moft elegant and durable manufacture, for fome years 
 carried on at Woolpit, about ten miles off. He has called, his feat 
 Hawjhd Farm., formerly Ihe Walnut 'Tree. 
 
 It now remains to fay fomething of the prefent ftate of this 
 place : but the article of agriculture will include thp chief that 
 can be advanced on that fubjecSr. I Ihall therefore now throw 
 ■ together a few mifcellaneous particulars. 
 
 Op
 
 Cbap. III.] OF HA W S T E D. 165: 
 
 Of the population, and the poor. 
 
 I have already taken notice of the populonfiiels of this place, 
 14 Edward I. near 500 years ago; when, to judge from the 
 number of meffuages,, it was probably not much inferior to that 
 at prefent. At that period, almolt all the land was under tillage. 
 By degrees, as will be hereafter fliewn, palture-grounds, and 
 thofe ill-cultivated, increafed very confiderably ; this caafe, with 
 frequent wars, and two parks form-ed in the beginning of the 
 1 6th century, certainly contributed to depopulation- 
 
 I have no farther lights to condu6t me in this refearch till 
 the year 1558, when the pariih regill:er begins. From this I. 
 have extraftod the following five feries of twenty years each,.. 
 ^vith the refpe^tive number of the baptifii:is and burials in each, 
 period. 
 
 Years* 
 
 Baptifms. 
 
 Burials. . 
 
 1559 1578 
 
 113 
 
 56 
 
 i6ao — 1642 ' 
 
 J 24 
 
 104. . 
 
 1688 — 1707 
 
 153, 
 
 119, 
 
 1730 — 1749 
 
 187 
 
 III 
 
 1762 — 1781 
 
 243 
 
 158 
 
 If theie records have been accurately kept (and 1 fee- no reafon.'; 
 to fuppofe the contrary), the above, ftatement will prove, that the* 
 number of- the inhabitants of this village has been doubled in 
 200 years. Hovt^everj I lay no ftrefs upon the two firft feries ^^ 
 producing them only as matter of curiolity ; but upon the third 1 
 and laft, which are of the greateft confequence, I can fafely rely, . 
 From the character of the retStor, during the firft of thofe. 
 periods, and from his minuting down feveraV little matters in 
 the regifler, there can be no doubt of his exa(5lners. For the, 
 laft I can anfwer myfelf. By comparing thefe two together, it ;: 
 
 * Three years in this feries are wanting in the rcgifler. . 
 
 appears s
 
 im HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. 111. 
 
 appears that the baptifms in the laft are to thofe in the firft, 
 nearly as five to three. With this proportion agrees the number 
 of communicants, or of thofe above i6 years of age, at different 
 periods. It is noted in the regifter, that in the year 1706^ 
 there were 174; in 1723, 175; and in 1783, when 1 laft 
 numbered the inhabitants, there were 261 above that age. 
 
 In the courfe of i 3 years I have taken three numerations. 
 In 1770, there were 346; in 1777, 38^6; in 17S3, 415; fo 
 tliat in that period the inhabitants have increafed 60^ or one 
 fifth of the firit number; an increafe as wonderful as it is 
 indubitable. 
 
 The medium of the above three numerations is 382. The 
 number of deaths for the lall 14 years, from 1770 to 1783, is 
 119, which, upon an average, is rather more than 8 in a year; ib 
 that about ,1 in 47 dies annually, which is about a mean pro- 
 portion in country villages. Of the 119, 33 have died under 
 2 years of age; 13 above 70 ; 7 above 80; and 2 above 90. 
 During the above period, 188 Jiave been born.; 8g males, and 
 99 females. 
 
 The number of houfes in 1783 was 52, which is, as near as 
 
 can be, 8 to a houfe ' ; however, 1 2 of thefe are what are called 
 
 double tenements, that is, divided into two parts for two families; 
 
 .and 3, treble tenements; adding therefore 18 to 52, we may 
 
 itall the whole number of houfes 70 ; and then each, upon an 
 
 ' And this is nearly the proportion in the contiguous parilh of Horningfheath ; 
 and I believe in many others in the neighbourhood. As a magiftrate, I have fre- 
 quent opportunities of knowing how the cottages of the poor fwarm with inha- 
 bitants^ and with what difficulty the overfeers provide dwellings for thofe that 
 belong to their parilh. Nay, fometimes they aie obliged, for want of room, 
 to grant them certificates, empowering them to live clfewhere. So that allowing, 
 that fome cottages have been pulled down of late years, it was not, that they were 
 uninhabited, but unprofitable efta res; and thofe that remain arc crammed with in- 
 roates to a degree, of which clolet calculators have never dreamed. 
 
 5 average.
 
 Ghap.TITO O F H A W S T E D: 167 
 
 average, will contain a family of 6 pcifons, which is a good 
 complement. 
 
 Of the above 52. hoi^fes, with their divifions and fubdivifions, 
 only 35 were, in 1783, infcrted in the dupHcate of the parochial 
 furveyors of the window-lights. Upon the light of which, and 
 allowing 6 perfons to a houfe, a Ih'anger would conclude, that 
 this villap^e did not contain many more than 20a inhabitants; 
 fo little dependance is there upon thefe documents.. 
 
 In dating the increafe of population in this place, I have no 
 particular hypothefis to ferve. I merely fet down fads. Let 
 abler political arithmeticians apply them in their full extent. 
 ¥et, from the al>ove furvey, I confefs,.! do not find myfclf funk 
 into fuch defpondency, as to think that the nation is decreafed a 
 million and a half of Inhabitants within a century, and is now 
 reduced to four millions and a half. 
 
 And here I cannot l:ielp exprefling fome furprife, though the - 
 population of the kingdom in general is of the greateft con- 
 fequence tt) the itate, and has exercifed the pens of able cal- 
 culators, who have differed from one another in a manner almofl: 
 iiacredible,- yet that government fhould Itili continue inadlive in 
 the difpute, , which it might dole with fo much eafe^ If, for 
 inftanco, in the year 17 80,. when the bifhops received the king's ■ 
 commands to procure from the clergy a lift of the Papifts in their 
 refpevS"cive pariQies, they had been alfo commanded to require - 
 the number of the inhabitants ; thefe returns -would have been- - 
 as fatisfadory as the former, and fettled a point of the firll: im- 
 portance, in a fliort time, ana with little difficulty. If there be 
 good reafon. to fuppofe, that the more chearful and fanguine cal- 
 culators are alfo the moll accurate ; why not afcertain a fad, that " 
 rauft make every friend to this country rejoice, and every enemy 
 tremble ? but if the more gloomy and defponding ones be right ; 
 
 why
 
 r^S HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. fir. 
 
 why not make us accjuainted with our confumptive condition, 
 that we may try every remedy for our relief ? 
 
 As to the increafed population of this village, it is not diffi- 
 cult to account for it. It iias taken place entirely among the 
 lahouring people ; and that is owing to the farmers employing 
 fo many more hands than they formerly did: for a farmer that 
 uled to manage his farm w^ith the help of a man and a boy, will 
 now employ on the fame farm double that number, or more: 
 not that he difdains to labour with his own hands ; but that he 
 bellows upon his lands a cviltivation double of what he formerly 
 did. Now, the more fervants he keeps, the more will gain fettle- 
 ments, marry, and contribute to ftock the place with inhabitants. 
 It is therefore an improved agriculture which has increafed the 
 population here.; and muft produce the fame effect wlierever it 
 is practifed. 
 
 As the increafe of population has taken place among the 
 labourers, we partly fee the reafon of the increafe of the poors 
 rates, which have of late rifen to a very ferious height, though 
 the GuildballYxSiS, been for fome years converted into a work-houfe, 
 vyhere the poor are fupported in a cheaper, as well as a much 
 more comfortable manner, than they ufed to be in their own 
 wretched and filthy cottages. For fome years after 1724, the 
 rates continued under lol. a year ; and never exceeded 30 1. till 
 1735 ; from which period, by fludtuating advances, tliey reached 
 50I. for the firft time in 1758; in 1767, they exceeded lool. ; 
 in 1774, they rofe to above i 50I. from which time to the prefent 
 they have, upon an average., ftood at about that height. 
 
 In what degree this increafe of the poors rates ought to b^ 
 attributed to the increafe of the poor, is a nice matter to deter- 
 mine. Thofe who have not perhaps beftowed upon this point 
 all the confideration it deferves, and who feel the weight of tbi« 
 heavy tax, fay, that there is a relaxation of induftry among the 
 
 lower
 
 Chap. HI.] OF H A W S T E D. ^6^ 
 
 lower people, who are improvident for the future, depending 
 upon parochial fupport, to which they have recourfe frequently 
 upon inadequate occafions ; and that this is the fole caufe of the 
 increafed rates. There is doubtlefs fome truth in this ; and it is 
 further certain, that there is one fpur to indullry lefs than for- 
 merly, which is, that fcruplc and delicacy which the poor ufed 
 to have in applying for relief; they now often demand afliftance 
 Mith a confidence unknown in former times, uhich the old poor 
 do not alfume, and of which they are alhamcd in the younger 
 ones. This behaviour is a feature in the chai ailer of the prefent 
 -age, which feems to aim at abolifliing all fubordination and de- 
 pendance ', and redu^^ing all ranks as near to a level as poffible. 
 But fuch condu6l cannot fail of being extremely mortifying and 
 iriitating to thofc who are fapporting them by whom they are 
 intuited, and who frequently work harder themfelves than the 
 very perfons they relieve. But, after making every proper al- 
 lowance of this fort, I cannot but be of opinion, that the 
 increafed number of the poor is a circumftance by no means to 
 be omitted by thofe who are contemplating the increafe of the 
 rates that are to fupport them. If more than one hundred per- 
 fons have, as I am confident is the cafe, been added to the poor 
 of this village within the laft thirty, perhaps twenty, years ; 
 the common accidents and calamities attending fuch an increafe 
 muft neceffarily, without any other caufe, have brought upon 
 the parifli a very great additional charge. 
 
 ' Of this there was a very flriking proof, while thefe (heets were in the prefs. 
 Till e.ow, there ufed to be a clofe conneclinn between the landlord and the tenant ; 
 the latter looking up to the former as his patron, and defirous of fliewing him every 
 mark of attachment and refpeft ; but in the conrefteJ ekftion for the county, in 
 April 1784, when feveral gentlemen canvafTed their tenants, they found they had 
 already engaged their firft votes, and w?re even denied their fecond. How far this 
 revolution of manners may be productive of national benefit, may, I think, judly 
 admit of a deubt. 
 
 Z But
 
 f^o HISTORY AND ANTIQJJITIES [Chap. IIL 
 
 But if an improved agriculture has, in fome meafure, con- 
 tributed to produce this evil ; has it not alfo, it may be afked,. 
 brought with it, in fomc meafure, an ability to fupport it? 
 
 I could not help throwing out thefe few loofe hints on a fub- 
 jedl fo interefting to humanity ; and which is certainly of fuch 
 magnitude as to claim the ferious attention of the legiflature. 
 
 The common employment of the poor women and children 
 within doors, is fpinning yarn ; by 'which the moft induftrious 
 perfon has not of late years been able to earn 6 d. a day. 
 
 Some words and expPvEssions used in this place, 
 and the neighbourhood. 
 
 y^ffeard; afraid. Saxon. 
 
 I ant avifedof it. I am ignorant of it -, cannot recoUeft it. S'avifcr; French. 
 
 A Balk. A flip of grafs, Ttft by the plough, as a divjfion, or boundary. 
 
 A Bargain. A parcel -, an indefinite quantity. As, I have a good bargain o£ 
 corn this year; a good bargaijioi lambs. 
 
 Battlings. The croppings of trees, larger than faggot flicks, yet lefs than timber. 
 
 Begone. Worn, decayed. As the thatch is lamentably hgone. So Shakfpeare, 
 woe begone. 
 
 What a blaring you keep ! fays a mother to her crying child. Applied alfo to the 
 noife of cows and flieep. 
 
 A Biimbay. A quagmire, from ftagnating water, dung, &c. fuch as is often feen- 
 in farm-yards. 
 
 The Buck of a cart or waggon. The body. 
 
 A Bunny. A fwelling from a blow. 
 
 To call a (lone, &c. to throw. 
 
 Chovee. A fmall beetle, of a bright chefnuc" colour, and with a green gilded head' 
 and corfelet. 
 
 Coker'd. Unfound ; applied to timber. 
 
 To crdck or crake of. To boaft of. 
 
 Ethiops of their fwcet complexion crack. Shakefpear. Love's Labour Loft. 
 
 Two good haymakers 
 
 Worth twenty crakers. TufTer. 
 
 A Baufey -headed inWovj. Giddy, thoughtlefs. 
 
 Deathfmcar. y\n undefcribed diforder that carries off infants. 
 
 1 am quite dilverd, fays a nurfe worn out with watching and attendance. In 
 Germany the nurfcs throw dill-water on the beds of fitk perfons, for whom they 
 want to procure re(h 
 
 To ding. The lame as cail. 
 
 I A Dcoke
 
 Chap. III.] O F H A W S T E D. 171 
 
 A Dcohe or Doke. A fmall hollow in a level board : fo an imperfedlion in a 
 fchool-boy's marble is called a doke. 
 
 I have fuch a pain in my head and ears that I am almofl; dunt ; numb, ftupified. 
 Spoken alfo of a fheep, that goes moping from a diforder in the head. How you 
 dunt me ! fays a mother, to her noify child. 
 
 We are in EleiJisn to have a bad harveft this year. 
 Things are iti EkHion to be very dear. Likely. 
 The bees are elvijli to-day ; irritable, fpiteful. 
 
 To fay oT fey a pond or ditch. To clean, by throwing the mud out of it. 
 Such muddy deep ditches, and pits in the field, 
 - That all a dry fummer no water will yield -, 
 "Qy f eying, and cafting that mud upon heaps, 
 Commodities many the hufbandman reaps. Tufler. 
 
 Flags. The furface of heaths or commons, pared off, to lay garden walks, S;c. 
 with. So flags of ftone for paving foot-paths. 
 
 Fog. Coarfe grafs in meadows, which the cattle do not willingly eat, before it 
 be froft- bitten. 
 
 Fond. Faint or fulfome ; applied to fmell or tafle. 
 Every Foot anon. Every now and then. 
 Frawn. Frozen. 
 
 Such a field lies Gain for me ; conveniently. I bought fuch a thing pretty ^^/«; 
 at a reafonable price. 
 
 Sand-Galls; fpnts of fa.nd in a field where water oozes, or, as we fay, fpews up : 
 and lands where luch fpots are frequent, are called galty lands. 
 
 Geer is a word of univerfal application ; as doctor's geer, means apothecary's 
 medicines. 
 
 Glum, Gloomy, fulky ; fpoken of a perfon. 
 
 Gofe. A ftack or mow of corn. Tun"er, among the articles of hufbandry fur- 
 niture, mentions a gofe ladder. He ufes alfo gave and goving ; 
 In goving at Harveft, learn fkilfully how 
 Each grain for to lay by itfelf on the mow; 
 Seed barley the purefl: gave out of the way. 
 All other nigh hand gave jufl: as ye may. 
 He's all a Gore of blood. Blood runs plentifully from his wound. 
 A Gotch. A jug, or big-bellied mug. 
 
 AGrey parfon. A layman, who hires the tithes of the parfon. 
 A Grip. A fliallow drain to carry water off the roads, ploughed fields, he. 
 A Hake. A poc-iron. 
 Hinder he goes. Yonder, 
 
 Hockey. The merry-making of the reapers after harveft. 
 Hull. The huflc of a nut ; and fliell of a pea. 
 Hulver. The Saxon word for Holly, commonly ufed. 
 
 A Jag. A parcel, or load of any thing, whether on a man's back, or in a carriage '. 
 An luder (India), a great quantity, t have laid an inder of loads of gravel in 
 my yard. He is worth an incler of money. 
 
 ' See p. 16?. 
 
 z 2 A yob.
 
 172 HISTORY AND ANTI QJJ I T I E S [Chap. III. 
 
 A Job. A piece work undertaken by a labourer, at a certain price, and which 
 he fiiiifhfs at his own time. He is then laid to work by the yolr. 
 
 A "Jounct. A joult, a fhock, or ihaking bout -, io, z jouncing trot ; hard, rough, 
 .rhar (hal<e<; the bones. Shaklpeare has jatincc and Jnuficing, in the fame lenfe. See 
 Malone's Supplement, V. I. p. 266. IIovv many words in Shakfpeare might be 
 explained in uie tamer's kitchen ! 
 
 Laml/ Storms, So the fliepherds call the ftorms that happen about the time that 
 lambs fall. 
 
 Z.^^j weather ; dull, wet, nafly. 
 
 A Lift. A ^ate without hinges. The two ends of it reft in mortifes in the two 
 polls, out of which it is occafionally lifted, as in harvcft time, &c. 
 
 He's fl Lzw^/pr niifchicf ; much addided to it. A L?';;;/' /cr apple pye; a de- 
 vourer of it. 
 
 A Link. Some weeds in this neighbourhood are fo called ; as the Link, at Rufh- 
 brook; Drinkdon Link. 
 
 A Loop of pales, is as much as fills up the fpace between two pods. 
 
 Mauther. Girl. A word long peculiar to this county. 
 No fooner a fowing, but our, by and by. 
 With mother or boy, that alarum can cry. Tufler. 
 
 A Mort of people, &c. a great number. 
 
 A Mortal, or mortation, quantity of any thing ; very great. 
 
 Mummy, corruiited from mamma. 
 
 I^ation. The fame as mortal, and mortation. 
 
 To O'we, is uled in the fenle of, to own, poflefs. So Shakfpeare : 
 
 "What art thou, that keeplt me out from the houfe I cwef Com. of Errors. A. III. S.L 
 
 J am not worthy of the wealth I oice. All's Well that Ends Well. A. I, S. V,. 
 
 Pack-rng Dfly. Michaelmas Day, when fervants remove with their bundles. 
 
 Pared. Spoken of dirty clay roads, that are become dry and pafl'able. 
 
 Planchers. The floor of a room, from the French. Drayton ufes the word : and 
 Shakfpeare has p'.anched gate, that is, made of boards. 
 
 A fore Plot. Spot or place. 
 
 Priming a tree, is pruning it. 
 
 Pulling urrc. The evening at fairs v when the young fellows pull and haul the 
 girls, to get them into alehoufes. 
 
 Purely well; in good health. 
 
 I'm almoft quackled; chuaked, fuffocated, as with fmoak, or any flrong vapour. 
 
 Od rabbet it. An oath; not of the angrieft. 
 
 Raffle, or raffling pole ; ufed to ftir the fewel in an oven. 
 
 Pafty morning. Cold and damp. 
 
 Ranney. Shrew moufe. Mus araneus. 
 
 He fperds every thing he can rap and rend; lay his hands on. 
 
 You fhan't run your rig upon me ; affront by a continuance of rude and infulting 
 behaviour. 
 
 Roii/ens. The crop of grafs after mowing. 
 
 He
 
 Chap. III.] OF H A W S T E D. 173 
 
 He begins to fag. To decline in his health. 
 
 Saks. Times or feafons. You don't mind being out all fales of the night. 
 Hay/ale and Bar/ale, is haymaking and barking- time. 
 
 A Say; a tafte, chiefly a relifliing one : as cattle, that have broken into a piece 
 of corn, andean fcarcely after^.vards be kept out of it, are faid to have gotten a 
 fay of it. Shakfpeare ufes this word in the fenfe of a fample, tafte; in King Lear, 
 A. V. S. III. 
 
 — ~— Thy tongue fome fay of breeding breathes. 
 
 See Mr. Steeveni's note there. 
 
 Sear wood; dry, dead. Saxon. This word often occurs in Shakfpeare. The wood- 
 ftealers always tell you they never take any hwt fear wood. 
 
 Shim. S.:ima, Saxon. Splendor. The white mark in a horfe's forehead. 
 
 Sibberige. Banns of matrimony. 
 
 5/7/. Sand and flime left on meadows by a flood. 
 
 Sbruff, Light rubbifti wood* which hedgers, Sec. claim as their perquifite. 
 
 Skep. A vvicker bafket, wider at top than at bottom, with two handles at top.. 
 So alfo z Jicp of bees. 
 
 Skippy bread ; not baked enough. 
 
 Slop. The underwood in a wood. 
 
 Slud, Sludge. Mud, mire. 
 
 Stiajle. Snuff of a candle. 
 
 A Sorl. A great many ; as, a fort of people ; ufed by Shakfpeare, Spenfer, &c.. 
 
 Spalt. Brittle. Applied to timber. 
 
 Spit-deep. Tfe dtpth of a Ipade. So fpiite J, for dug. 
 
 Spoitg. A narrow flip of land. 
 
 I was never {ojlamd in my life ; amazed, confounded. Spoken by a fellow who 
 thought he had ittn a perfon walking, who had been buried. 
 
 A Stank. A dam to ftop water. 
 
 Stover; any food for cattle, except grain, which, I think, is never fo called. 
 Turfy mountains, where live nibbling flieep, 
 And flat meads, thatch'd mthjiover, them to keep. Tempefl:, A. IV. S. I,. 
 
 He has waited a good Stound. Some lime. 
 
 To Stry ; deftroy, fpoil. var. dial. 
 
 To Swop. To exchange. 
 
 He takes on forely for 'aim. Grieves very much. 
 
 A 1'idy body. An a<!ftive, cleanly perfon. A good recommendation of a fervanr, . 
 
 A good Tidy crop of corn ; good in a fuflicicnt degree. Tufler, who was a 
 Suffolk farmer, ufes it in the following palTage, for, in good condition ; 
 If weather be fair, and tidy thy grain, 
 Make fpeedily carriage for fear of a rain. 
 
 Tik-Jhcrd; a piece, or fragment of a tile. A very common word among brick-- 
 layers. So potfcard, a piece of broken pot, occurs feveral times in fcripture. Job . 
 took a potjioard to fcrape himfelf withali. 
 
 He lies by the wall; is dead. Spoken of a perfon between the time of his death , 
 and burial. 
 
 A Wennel. A calf weaned. TuflTer has the word oftner than once.
 
 174 HISTORY AND A N T I Q^U I T I E S [Chap. Tlf; 
 
 A Whelm. Half a hollow tree, laid under a gdt'e-Tvay,' for the water to run 
 through. A bad fubftitute for a brick arch.. " 
 
 To l-Vijhiroiv, is, when grafs has been cur, fpread, and partly dried, to rake it 
 into rows, and fo make it hay, b)' expofing it thoroughly to the w/«./and fun. 
 
 A Wooifprite. A woodpecker. 
 Woundy, Very great. The fame as niari:al,tnortation, and nation. 
 
 H A P. IV. 
 
 'Of the value and cultivation of land, with some 
 
 'OTHER incidental PARTICULARS. 
 
 AS this village exhibits no traces of any intrench ment or for- 
 tification, either Britifli, Roman, or Danifh ; nor of any- 
 military road paffing through it: as it could never boaft of a 
 caftle, immortalized by its fieges, or tlie brilliant atchievements 
 of, its poffeffors : as no teffelated pavement, military weapons, 
 or pot of ancient coins, were ever difcovered in it — its humble, 
 hiftorian muft be contented to record the revolutions in its culture, 
 the employments of the farmer, and the labours of the h'orfe 
 and ox. Nor does he difdain this furvey and delineation of rural 
 life ; 
 
 Hanc olim veteres vitam coluere Sabini, 
 
 Hanc Remus et frater; fie fortis Hetruria crevit 
 
 Scilicet, et rerum faifla eft pulcherrima Roma. Virg. 
 
 In the time of Edward the Confeflbr, and of the Conqueror, 
 Hawfted, as we learn from Domefday, was worth 4I. a year, 
 which is about a halfpeny an acre, according to real menluration. 
 If was then faid to contain 13 carucates, or about 1300 acres of 
 arable land; 16 acres of meadow; and wood for 3 porcaries.. 
 In this account, the paftures bear a prodigioufly fmall proportion 
 
 fo
 
 Ghap. IV.] O P II A W S T E D. i-jS 
 
 to the arable land ; but at that period, and long after, the cul- 
 tivation of corn was the grand objedl of agriculture : for though 
 fome of the more powerful and wealthy men may have had 
 their larders well ftored with meat, and hecatombs of beads 
 were flaiightered for fome of their banquets, yet bread muft have 
 Gonflituted a much greater part of the general diet, than it does ' 
 at prefent. Even the days of abftinence, at all periods before 
 the Reformation, muft have leflened the confumption of animal' 
 food, and increafed that of vegetable. 
 
 I have in my polTeffion a leafe of the i 3th century, which' 
 rates the value cf land higher than I expefled. The land lay 
 not indeed in Hawfted, but in Nowton ; but as that is a con- 
 tiguous village, and the ground there of much the fame nature 
 as here, I think I may fairly make ufe of it ; efpccially as its 
 antiquity makes it alfo a curiofity. 
 
 Sciant prefentes et futuri quod ego Bartholomeus filius - - - - de fanfto EdmundO' 
 concefli et dimifi Waltero Tighe^r(9y?,vyi7//ii/V quos mihi dedit pre manibus, duas 
 acras terre in villa de Neutun, fcilicet de ilia terra quam teneo de aula de Neutun,, 
 jacentcs inter terras quas dimifi Roberto et Ricardo Glowcefler, abuttantes ad ununi 
 caput fuper terram Roberti de Neutun verfus orientem, tenendas et babendas de me 
 et heredibus meis eidem Waltero et beredibus vol fuis afiignatis a feflo fandi Mi- 
 chaelis proxime poft obitum Lodewici regis Francie ufque in termbiiim fix annorum- 
 fequentium. Et ego et heredes mei waruntizabimus prefato \^''altero et heredibus. 
 vel fuis afiignatis predidam terram ufque in terminum predicftum. Et fi ira aliquo. 
 cafu contingat quod ego Bartliolomtus vel heredes mei non poffimus vvaruntizare 
 prediftam terram predido Waltero et heredibus vel fuis affignatis, ego Rartholomeus, 
 vel heredes mei trademus predifto Waltero et heredibus fuis five afiignatis tantam 
 terram in alio loco ejufdem precii, fcilicet de terra que rnihi cecidit hereditarie de 
 feodo patris mei in campis faiuTi Edmundi, tenendam et habendam predido Waltero 
 et heredibus fuis vel fuis afiignatis ufque ad predic'^tum terminum. Ad finem vero 
 fex annorum prediiftorum recipiam ego vel heredes mei prediiftam terram meam a, 
 predid:o Waltero et fuis, fine omni malo ingenio folutam et quietam. Hanc autem 
 convencionem firmiter fire dolo tenendam pro nobis et pro heredibus noflris utrique 
 afiidavimus ; et ad majorem fecuritatem figilla nofira fcriptis noltris hinc inde appo- 
 fuimus. Hiis, teftibus llicardo de Lagare, Nicholao filio Algari, Thoma Aurifabro,, 
 Johanne de fandlo Albano, Ilenrico filio Stephani Aurifabri, Adam Hovel, Roberto de 
 Neutun, et Waltero filio ejus, et aliis '. 
 
 ' It may at firft fight feem fomething ftrangc, that many ancient deeds, of no gre.-'t confeqiience, 
 fliould be attefted by lo many witnefTes. But it may be accounted for fiom their bsiag executed ac- 
 courts, and other public meetings. 
 
 Here.;
 
 J7 6 HISTORY AND A N T I Q^U I T I E S [CIup. IV. 
 
 Here are two acres of arable land let for 6 year?, for 6 s. 
 which ii 6d. an acre annual rent; indeed it fliould be eftimated 
 at rather more, as the whole funi was advanced at firft. The 
 leafe is of theutmoft fimplicity, without any claufes abo\it 
 culture, 8cc. The landlord warrants the two acres to the tenant, 
 ,or two others of equal value, and the tenant engages to give them 
 np, at the expiration of the term, freely and peaceably, fine 
 omni malo ingenio. They pledge themfelves to each other for 
 the due performance of the contract, and for the greater fecurity 
 fet their feals, in the prefence of eight perfons who are named, 
 hefides others. The date from which the leafe was to com- 
 mence, is fomething remarkable. The cullom of affixing 
 dates to deeds was not become general in the reign of Henry 
 III. and the prefent date, inftead of being that of the reign 
 of the Englifli monarch, is that of the death of Louis the 
 French king. This was probably Louis the IXth, afterwards 
 canonized, who died 25 Awguft, 1270, and whofe fame for 
 piety, particularly his paffion for the crufades, which coft him 
 his life, made his death an epoch. He had befides reftored 
 many of the Englifh dominions in France, taken by his anceflors; 
 and was brother-in-law to our Henry IIL 
 
 It may not be amifs to remark, that this deed is indented ; and 
 that the indented edges are marked with the dimidiated letters of 
 the word cibographum. Inftances of fuch indentures before 
 :this reign are not very frequent '. 
 
 The following deed is about the fame time. 
 
 . 'Sciant prefentes et fmuri quod ego Robertas deBeylham concefll, dedi, et hac pre- 
 ■fenti carta mea confirmavi Roberto filio Walteri de Meleford pro homagio et fcrvicio 
 I'uo et pro duabus marcis argent! quas mihi dedit in Gerrumam % unam acram terre 
 et.dmtd'iam cum fuis pertinenciis in villa de Haufted. Quarum dimidia acra pre- 
 dide terre jacet juxta terram predifti Roberti ex una parte, et terram Willielmi de 
 
 • See Madox's Form. Ang. Diflertation, p. 28. 
 
 • This was the purchafe money ; not the earned. The annual payment of a penny was to fecure 
 the purchafer from every kind of demand that could be made on the land. 
 
 Camera
 
 ^hap.IV.] O F n A W S T E D. ijf 
 
 Camera ex altera, cum omnibus fepibus et fofTatis. Er una acra terre jacet juxta 
 terram predidti VVillielmi de Camera ex una parte, et terram Johaniiis lilii Mur .'.li 
 ex ahera. Salvo tamen diclo Roberto de Beylham tota paflura jacente ad capud 
 prediifte acre terre fue abeatur in predi^a terra tota magis aut minus, tenendum et 
 abendum de me et heredibus meis predido Roberto filio Waltcri et heredibus luis 
 vel afTignatis fuis, cuicumque, quibus, quando, ubicumque dare vendcre vel afTignare 
 voluerint, libcre, quiete, bene in pace, in feodo et hereditate perpetua, reddendo inde 
 annuatim mihi vel heredibus meis, vnum denarium, videlicet ad paicham, pro om- 
 nibus ferviciis, confuetudinibus, exaftionibus, cujufcumque fedlis curie, rcgiis pre- 
 ceptis, et omnibus fecularibus demandis. Er ego predi6tus Robertus dc B ylHaiv, 
 ct heredes mei warrantizabimus, acquietabimus et in omnibus defendemus totara 
 prediftam terram cum fepibus et foOatis prcdicfio Robeno'fiiio Walter! et heredibus 
 ibis vel afTignatis fuis per prediftum fervicium, contra omnes homnes et feminas ', in 
 pe.petuum. Et ut mea concefilo, donacio, carte mce confirmatio rata pe maneat 
 et (iabilis, huic fcripto figillum meum appol'ui. Hiis teftibus, Ricardo de Saxham, 
 Roberto de Ros, Alexandre de Exninge, Semanno de Ofmundcsfelde, Alano de 
 Broch, Alana MelTore, Henrico filio fuo, Wydone Maymund, Nicolao le Cupcre. 
 
 The next is a few years after the two lafi, when deeds \\ ere 
 generally dated. As it differs in many refpedls from the firft of 
 thofe two, and as leafes of fuch early times are not very common, 
 I fliall tranfcribe it. 
 
 Hec eft convencio fa6ta inter Pliilippum Nuel ex una parte, et Henricum filium 
 Nicholai de fanfto Edmundo et Ricardum filium e'lus ex altera parte ; ita videlicet 
 quod prediftus Philippus concefllt et dimifit prediclis Henrico et Ricardo, ad torain 
 viram eorum, omnes terras et tenementa fua in Haufted et Neuton, pro decern 
 Marcis argenti annuatim eidem Philippo et heredibus aut alTignatis fuis vel eorum 
 heredibus, die faniSti Michaelis in fine cuiuflibet anni fj>lvend^is,^ut fuo certo aiornato, 
 fcripcum de dimiffione predide terre inter eos faftum d?ferenti, una cum litera 
 aquietancie ejufdem termini, figillo predifti Philippi vel here.ium aut aflignarorum 
 fuorum, fi de eo humanitus contingat, fignata, bene et fideliter, et fine ulteriori 
 dilacione in ecckfia conventual! fandli Edmundi coram altari fandi Nicolai. Tali 
 tenore adjunfto, quod fi contingat prediftos Henricum vel Ricardum in folutione 
 predifte pecunie, termino ftatuto, in parte vel in toto dcficere, cum fuprr hoc fu- 
 erint requifiti ; j)redi61us Henricus et Ricardus voliint et concedunt quod predictus 
 Philippus, &c. poHk omnia tenementa in fcripto contenta cum omnibus luis per- 
 tinenciis ingrcdiet feyfire, et ea bene et pacifice recipere fibi et heredibus vel afTig- 
 natis fuis in perpetuum, fcripto dimifionis inter eos qonfeito non obftante, fine 
 aliquo clameo prediftorum lienrici et Ricardi, feu alicujus nomine fuo. Lt poll 
 
 ' Mr. Barrington obferves, that perhaps the firft inftance in the Statute Book of an npprehenfion, 
 that a "Tiv;;;,?;/ is not included in the word man, occurs ii Edward III. Obfcrvations on the more 
 Ancient Statutes, p. 2^3. j.\a earlier iniiance of fuch an appiehenfion appears in the prelent deed. 
 
 A a deceirum
 
 )i7S HIST 0;R Y A N D A N- T I Q. U IT I E S [Chap. l\K 
 
 decefTum prediftorum Henrici et Ricardi omnia predidta tenementa cum pert'iiicr.cils- 
 predifio Philippo, ^c. folute et quiete revertanuir. Et fi prediclus Henricus tt 
 Ricardus in fata difcedant ante terminvim folutionis ultimi anni, quod abfit, idem 
 Henricus tt Ricardus volunt et concedunt pro fe et heredibus et executoribus iuis, 
 quod hercdes vel execiitores eorum teneaniur ad foiutionem ultime ferme facie de 
 fru6libus de prediflis te:ris et tenementis piovcnitntibus ; dunirr.odo quod htredes 
 ct execurores predidorm Henrici vel llicardi habeant ct teneant omnia tencrricnta 
 predie^a cum omnibus fnis pertinenciis ulque ad finem termini predidi. Et Henricus 
 et liicardus concedunt fub pena ct diftridlione prcdida, quod in prediftis terris 
 bofcis doinibus nee gardinis facient neque fieri permittent vaftum venditionem nee 
 defirudionem, nifi tantummodo ad Hufbote ' et Heybote '. Hoc adjedo, quod 
 fi contingar quod dominus rex Anglic ab cifdem Henrico et Ricardo fimui cum aliis 
 libere tenentibus in partibus illis dcmanda et talliaaia exicrat, quod abfu, tunc pre- 
 
 riiftus Philippus ab eifdem demandis eos cabit. In cujus rei teftimohiuin 
 
 alter aherius fcripio ad modum. cyrografTi ' confefto figilla lua alternatim appo- 
 fuerunt. Hiis teitibus, Waltero Freylell, Willielmo de Cramavile, Rob>rto de 
 Iios, Seman no de Ofmundisfelde, Roberto de VVeyiham, Galfrido Oil-K^rn, Nicholaa 
 Altircd, Adam de Saxham, Henrico filio Willielmi et aliis. Datum apud Idndum 
 Edn u idum Die Lune proxime pofl; felluni fandli Marc i Evaiigelifte, anno regni 
 regis Edwaidi fiHi regis Henrici decimo, finiel^te jam anno. 
 
 The feals of green wax are both preferved ; one of them is- 
 I believe an antique, with two human figures, one turning from 
 the other, an oval, circumfcribed, " Sigillum Henrici fil. Nicholai:" 
 the other bears a lion rampant gardant, a circle, circumfcribed,- 
 *' Je fuys lei de a Nuell" — it belonged, I fuppolcy to one of hiS' 
 anceftors. 
 
 At the fame time, by another deed, Nuell let to the fame per-^r 
 Ions for their joint lives, for 30 marcs of lilver paid in hand, anti 
 for TO marcs annual rent, his whole meifuage in Haufted, with 
 all the lands, woods, meadows, paitures, rents,, ways, paths,> 
 
 • Wood, for fireinfj;. 
 
 ' Wooil tor repairing the hedges. Bote, or Fret, means profit, advantage. 
 
 3 An inftrument of con\eyaiice attefted by witnelf'es was, in the Saxon times, caWed Chtrr:'raphtim, 
 and by the Normans, Charia. To prevent frauds, they made then deed? of mutual covenant in a part' 
 ai;d counterpart, upon the fame piece of parchment, and in the middle bet\' een the two copies drew 
 the capit.il letters of the a ph^bet, or iometinies the word syngrai'Hus. ;.nd then cut afunder. itv 
 aa ini'en'.fd mnnrcr, the laid piece, which, being dehvcrcd ro the two p;irties concerned, were proved 
 authentic by n arch'ne witli one another. V hen this prudent cuffoni had for fome time prevailed,' 
 the word V hirographum was a])propriated to fuch bipartite writin<;s. Kennett's GloHarv. '1 he 
 prefent deed is thus indented ; and its indented edge maiked with lai-ge and fmall diiijidiated letters, 
 I.iken I believe at random. Froin the fliortnels of ancient deeds, and the abbreviated manner in; 
 \'iLi<,h they were urittenj fevtral pairs mi^ht be cut out of the lame Ikin of parchnteiit. 
 
 hedges,
 
 Chap. IV.] O F H A W S T E D. 179 
 
 hedges, with all the other tenements in Haiiftcde and Neutoii ' 
 that in any manner belonp-ed to it. 
 
 The parchment of thefe deeds is of extreme thinnefs; and 
 the writing flill retains its original blacknefs. 
 
 14 Edward I. as W'e have already fcen, Thomas Fitz Euftace, 
 the chief lord of the village, held in his own hands 240 acres 
 of arable land, 10 of meadow, and i o of wX)od. William 
 Talemache, the next perfon in confeqiience to him, held 280 
 acres of arable land, 12 of meadow, and 24 of wood. Philip 
 Noel, another principal proprietor, held 120 acres of arable 
 land, 4 of meadow, and 7 of wood. Robert de Ros held 56 
 acres of arable land, 3 of meadow, and 5 of wood. Walter de 
 Stanton held 80 acres of arable land, 3 of meadow and pafture, 
 and I of wood. William de Cramaville held 140 acres of arable 
 land^ 6 of meadow, and 8 of wood. John Beylham held 52 
 acres of arable land, 2 of meadow, and 3 of wood. And feveral 
 fmaller tenants are hot faid to have any meadows or paftures. 
 
 From thefe inffances it appears, that almoil the whole atten- 
 tion of the farmer was beftoued on his plough. For thefe feven 
 perfons occupied among them, 968 acres of arable land, and 
 only 40 of meadow, juft 24 to r ; not that it is to be fuppofed, 
 that the fmaller tenants had no pafture ; or that the larger pro- 
 prietors had among them all no more than 40 acres of land, for 
 the feed of their cattle. Meadow ground was properly what was 
 referved for mowing: it was called, pratum falcabile. The 
 borders of their arable lands were broad, and though abounding 
 with trees and buflies,fupplied doubtlefs a confiderable quantity of 
 grafs. However, one acre of hay-ground to twenty-four of arable, 
 was a very fmall proportion, and befpeaks a ftrong preference 
 to tillage. I Willi, the record whence the above notes are taken, 
 had recited the number of cows and flieep belonging to each land- 
 holder. 
 
 .^ Neulon or Nuton was afier\v.!rcls fpelled Neutcn, as Nudl became Nowell. 
 
 A a 2 Though
 
 I So HISTORY AND ANTI Q^U I T I E S [Chap. lY. 
 
 Though their annual payments are all fet down ; yet nothing 
 can with certainty be colleftecl, with refpedt to the value ot* 
 their lands, for they paid from almoil 7 d. to lefs than a farthing 
 an' acre a year. Some of thofe who paid the very low rents, 
 probably performed fome fervice in hufbandry for their landlord,, 
 in lieu of money ; and fome of the fmall fums were perhaps 
 of the nature of quit-rents. However, we may not probably 
 be far from the truth, if we lay their lands in general at 4d.. 
 an acre. 
 
 In the year 1281, the prices-of various kinds of grain, the 
 produce of this village, were as follows : Of wheat, about the 
 Converfion of St. Paul (25 January) from 4s. 3d. to 4s. 5d. a 
 quarter; in Lent, 4s. 6d. afterwards, 4s. 8d. ; of filigo ', from 
 2S. 8d.t0 2S. lod.; of barley, 3s. 6 ^ d. ; of new peafe, from 
 2S. Q^d. to 2S. II -^d; of old peafe, 2s. 4Td.j of draget %, 
 2S. hd. ; of oats, from 2S, 2d. to 2S. 4d. 
 
 This was a year of moderate plentVj and" therefore may be 
 confidered as the ftandard of the prices of grain, about this 
 period; for in turning over the Chron. Pret. I find, that at 
 different times, from 1246 to 1270, wheat fold at what were. 
 
 ' Siligo was a kind of light and white wheat. Pliny fays of ir, filiginem proprie 
 dixt-rim tritici delicias ; candor eft, fine viitute, ct line pondere, conveniens hu- 
 midis tractibus — eyrZ/o-ZK^ lautiflimus panis. Vulgo ble blanc, fays his conmen- 
 tator. Googe, in his Hufbandry, printed in 1577, in his account of the diflerent 
 kinds of wheat, fays, Robus is the fairelt and weightieft -, SH'go is ufed in the fineft 
 cheate; Trhr.ejhe is ripe in three months. SUigo^ fays Littleton in his Didlionary, 
 is a fine wheat, of which they make manchet. 'Ihe Chron. Tret, in the year 
 1387 (where fhe author fays, he knows not what it is) makes it i s. a quarter, when 
 wheat was 2s. In a compotus of the year 1405 (fupplied me by a friend) it was 
 4s. a quaiter, when wheat was 5s. 4d. which I apprehend was a very great price 
 for it. 
 
 ' Draget is cats rnd barley mixed together. It orcuis in the will of lady Clare, 
 who died in 1360. See Royal Wills. 1 ufier, who farn;ed in this county about 
 the middle of the fixteenth century, calls it dredge. 
 
 Thy dredge and thy bailey go ihrcfli out to malt. — 
 Sow barky and dredge with a plentiful hand. 
 
 then
 
 Chap. IV.] OF n A W S T E D. i8i 
 
 then all efteemed the enormous rates of 1 3 s. 4d. ; 1 6 s. ; 4I. 16 s. 
 and even 61. 8 s. a quarter, if the author may be credited, who 
 fays at the fame time, that provillons were fo fcarce, that parents 
 ate their children. In 1243, it fold at 2 s. a quarter; in 12865 
 at 2s. 8d.; in 128S, it funk to is. and in the north and wefl: 
 parts, even to h d. Suppofing then 4 s. 6d. to be about the 
 mean price of a quarter of wheat, and 4d. a year's rent of an acre 
 of land, the difproportion between the produce of the land ami its 
 rent is almoll incredible ; for, if (as I fufpecfl) an acre produced, 
 in general, only j 4 quarter ', it would, if the ground was 
 cropped only two years together, give the hufbandman 1 3 times 
 the rent of his land one year with another; a profit, which the 
 belf farmers, in the prefent ftate of improved agriculture, can 
 rarely, I believe, reach. That lands Ihould be thus rated, can 
 only be attributed to the frequent and almoll entire failures of 
 their crops, unknown in modern times, in w ell cultivated 
 countries; and which mult have been owing to an ill managed 
 hufbandry, that funk entirely under an unfavourable feaibn. 
 At one time we are told, the ground was fo hard that it could 
 not be tilled ; at another, that the rain and hail deftroyed the 
 crops ; the confequence was, not only a fcarcity, but often a 
 famine. Even fo late as the reign of queen Mary, Bullein tells 
 us, that " bread was fo fkant, infomuch that the plain poor 
 " people did make very much of acorns; and a ficknefs of a 
 
 ' The learned author of Fleta, who wrote about this period, and who^ in his 
 Treatile of Law, has not diidained inferting feveral particulars relative to rural 
 economy, intonrs us, that it an acre of wheat yield only thiee tin.es the I'ctd lown^ 
 the farmer Vk ill be a lofer, unlefs corn fiiould kll clear. His calculation is fhis : 
 three plougbings is. 6d.; harro'A-i.^.g id.; two bufhels of <eed i.s.; weeding one. 
 halfpeny, reapinjT 3d.; carrying id.j in all 3s. 1 ^d. which is t -^-d. more than the 
 value-of 6 bulliels. 1. II. c. 82. Nothing is (aid- of the rent of the land, expence cf 
 manuring, fic. 7 bis account would have been more cirious, bad the author 
 infornicd us, what was then efteeraed a fair average crop. 1 have fuppoicd it 
 double. 
 
 6 «^ ftiOilg
 
 i52 HISTORY AND ANTIOJUITIES [Chap. IV, 
 
 ** flron? fever did fore moled the commons." Bvilwark of 
 Defence, fol. 30. 
 
 Not that we are to imaguic, that good hufbandry was not 
 now known ; ' for fome writers, even before this period, have 
 fliewn the contrary ; but to know and to pradlife are very dif- 
 ferent things. Are there not invincible prejudices, even in this 
 enlightened age, with which agriculture has to contend ? In how 
 many parts of this ifland do turneps Itill remain unhoed ? 
 
 The fame year, 1281, the price of a bullock was 8 s. 6d. ; 
 of a hog 2S. 6d. ; of a pig 6d. ; of threfliing a quarter of wheat 
 3 d. ; of filgo 2 Y d. ; of barley 1 1 d. ; of peafe 2d.; of draget i d. ; 
 of oats 1 d. ; a man's wages for cutting fire-wood for two days 
 was 4d. which fee ms great pay. A carter was allowed for his 
 Eafter-day's repaft, i d. Another had four bulhels of filgo for 
 fix weeks work of various kinds; and a girl for winnowing corn, 
 and keeping the young heiffers, geefe and poultry, of the manor, 
 for fourteen weeks, i quarter of the fame grain. A fervant, 
 called a Daye ', had 1 2 d. for tl:ie fame employment, from 
 Michaelmas to Ealler. 
 
 In 1359) ^^^^ ^'^^'^^ ^^ ^^^ principal manor held in his own 
 hands 572 acres of arable land, eftimated from 4d. to 8d. an 
 acre ; and eight pieces of meadow, or mowing-ground, valued 
 
 ' He occurs fometi mesas an attendant upon the carter. Sometimes it fliould 
 fecm, as if he belonged to the dairy, by having calves to fell. He was certainly 
 of the lowed clafs of fervants, as he is always placed the laft in the lilt, and with 
 fmall wages; probably, what we Ihould now call a day labourer, a perlbn employed 
 about any work. He occurs in the ilatiitcs of 25 and ^7 Edward III. in the latter 
 of which, the old Englifh tranfiation calls him a Deyar. Chaucer, whom no 
 cotemporary chard6ter could efcape, thus alludes to his frugal fare, where in the 
 Nonne's Treelle's Tale he is deftrtbing a poor widow : 
 
 Ko win ne drank ftic, neither white ne red ; 
 
 Hire bord was ferved moll with white and black, 
 
 Milk and brown bred, in which Ihe found no lack ; 
 
 "Seinde bacon, and Ibmetiaie an ey or twey ; 
 
 For fhe was as it were a mancr Dey. — i. e, a kind of Dey. 
 
 at
 
 Chap. IV.] O F H A W S T E D. 1E3 
 
 at 202s. 4d. a year; the quantity of which was probably about 
 50 acres. For though the li^rger parcels are each valued in the 
 grofs at fo many Ihilhngs a year, yet the quantities of three of 
 the fmaller are fpecified ; one piece of 3 acres was valued at 10 s. 
 a year; one of i acre at 5 s.; and another of i acre at 4 s. Taking 
 therefore the mean price of 4s. the 202 s. 4d. was probably the 
 annual value of about 50 acres, lie had befides, in Circuitu ' 
 Broci\ pafture for 24 cows, worth 36 s.; as alfo for i 2 horfes, 
 and as many oxen, worth 48 s a year. He held alfo 40 acres 
 of wood, valued at i s. an acre ; and the croppings of the trees ■ 
 and hedges about his fields, at 6s. 8d. a year. 
 
 Though, from the increafed quantity of grafs -grounds, the 
 confumption of liefli-meat was probably increafed ; yet the poor 
 land-holders, who were obliged by their tenures to work for 
 the lord fo many days in hay-time and harveft, had, at this time, 
 no-other allowance of animal food than two herrings a day each, 
 and fome milk from the manor dairy to make them cheefe ; they 
 had betides each man a loaf, of which 1 5 made a bufliel, and 
 an allowance of drink, not fpecified. Of thefe there were eleven, . 
 who were to perform, amongft them, 42 days work in hay-time, . 
 and 60 in harveft. 
 
 The great inferiority of arable land to meadow, in point of 
 value, in about the proportion of one to eiglit, may be accounted 
 for from the fmall quantity of the latter, at a time when hay 
 was fo great a part of the fupport of the live ftock in winter. . 
 Why there w^as fo fmall a quantity of it, may not be fo eafy to 
 fay. 
 
 In 1386, the produce of the farm, which the lady of the 
 manor held in her own hands, was, according to the bailiff's ac- 
 
 ' Btocus is a brook, or a fmall fiream. In a furvey of this manor in 1581, we 
 have, Broctim live Foffatum, and Torren(e,m five Brortan. The dtmelncs were 
 watered with a rivulet, the Ihrubby banks of which afiorded a conliderabie quantity 
 of pailure. 
 
 count
 
 ,84 HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES [Chap. IV, 
 
 count (which was always from Michaelmas to Michaelmas) 69 
 quaiters, 5 ~ buflTels of- wheat ; 54 quarters, 4 bitfliels of barley ; 
 1 1 quarters, 7 buflicls of peafe; 29 quarters of iiaras ' ; and 65 
 quarters, 4 bufliel of oats. 
 
 Oat-meal was part of the food of fervants. This year, i 2 
 bufliels were ufed for the broth of feven. TuiFer, a SutFoIk. 
 -faniier, tells us ; 
 
 Though never fo much a good hufvvife doth care, 
 
 That fuch as do labour have huroandly fare •, 
 
 Yet feed them, and cram thenij till purfe doth lack chinke, 
 
 No fpoon meat, no belly full, labourers thinke. 
 
 This is not the cafe now. Pork and bacon are the Suffolk la-- 
 bourer's delicacies; and bread and cheefe his ordinary diet. 
 
 Ill 1387, 66 acres were fown with wheat, allowing 2 bufiiels 
 to an acre; 26 acres with barley, allowing 4 buQiels to an acre ; 
 25 acres with peafe ; 25 acres with haras; 62 acres with oats, 
 allowing 2 ^ bufliels of each to an acre. 
 
 The ftock was 4 cart horfes (equi careSiarii)^ 6 flone horfcs 
 {Jiotti)j 10 oxen % 1 bull, 26 cows, 6 heiffers, 6 calves, 92 
 
 muttons, 
 
 ' What particular grain this was, I cannot fay; but its name implies, that it was 
 a horfe-corn, from Haracium (Lat.) and Haras (Fr.) which fignify a flud of 
 horfes: and the accounts before me flic w, that horfcs were fervcd with it, both 
 threfhed and in fhcaves : and one )c,;r the flieep, in winter, had 120 llieaves of 
 if, 12 of which made a bufhel. It was threllied at the fame price as peafe and 
 oats, which was 2d. a quarter, while wheat was threfhed at4d. 
 
 ^ By all the accounts I have, it appears, that the number of horfes and oxen 
 kept for labour were equal. The latter were alfo fed with oats, and Ihod in frolty 
 weather. It cannot be unpleafing to thofe who are interelled in this lubjcft, to hear 
 what the old r^uthor of Fif ta fays about ir. A plough of oxen {caruca bourn, a 
 pair I fuppoie) with two horles. will do as much as if they were all horlcs. A plough 
 of oxen will go forward in heavy land, where one of horles would (top. A horfe 
 kept tor labour ought to have every night the fixtl) part of a buihel of oars ; for 
 an ox 3 f msafures of oats, 10 of which make a buihel, are fufficient for a ueek. 
 L. II. C.73. It is of fcrvice to oxen, to be rubbed twice a day atJi a whifp of 
 Itraw, as by thofe means they will take more pleafure in licking ihemfelves — eo 
 
 quod
 
 ^ Chap. IV.] OF H A W S T E D. 1S5 
 
 muttons, I o fcore of hogerells (flieep of the 2(1 year), i gander, 
 4 gee{Q (auc. marol. 'J 30 capons % i cock, 26 hens. 
 
 The quantity of arable land in tillage, this year, appears from 
 the above account, to have been 2 1 4 acres. The whole, there- 
 fore, fuppofmg one-third lay fallow, was 321; a great decreafe 
 from 572, which was the arable part of the demefnes in 1359. 
 The dairy is rather increafed; and a flock of near 300 Ihccp . 
 is now mentioned. There was nothing faid of a flock before, 
 though doubtlefs there was one ; but if it had been of the con- 
 fcquence of that at prefent, it would hardly have been pafi^ed 
 over in fllence. Of the meadows or pafture grounds, no par- 
 ticulars occur ; yet it may be concluded, they had continued to 
 increafe, from the dairy and flock increafing, while the arable 
 land decreafed. There were alfo let this year, the pafture, and 
 the herbage of pafture, of feveral pieces, the iizes of whicli are 
 not fpecified. 
 
 quod afFedius fe lambebunt, c. j6. where more of their utility maybe feen. Har- 
 rifon, in Iiis Defcription of Britain, prefixed to Holinllied's Chronicle, menuons an 
 odd pradlice, in his time, with refpedt to this animal. " When they are young," 
 fays he, " many graziers will oftentimes annoynt their budding homes, or typpcs of 
 " homes, with hony, which moUyfieth the naturall hardenelTe of that fubllance, 
 " and thereby makeih it growe into a notable greatnefs. Certes, it is not ftraunge 
 " in England to fee oxen, whofe homes have the length of three foot between the 
 " typpes." p. 2ZO. Thefe large horns muft have been often inconvenient in huf- 
 bandry ; but horn was a mod ufeful article in various manufaflures, particularly 
 that of drinking cups, of which thofe of the largeft fize have ever been molt 
 efteemed. 
 
 ' /^uc. marol. muft mean geefe, as diftinguiflied from ganders. In 1587, there 
 is an aUowance of oats expended fuper aucis marol. In 1189, it is exprefied, fuper 
 at'.cis pond. The lift word perhaps from the French, pondre, to lay an egg. The 
 word is not in the GloiTaries. 
 
 The cuftom of making capons is faid to have been introduced among us by 
 the Romans. 
 
 Capo. 
 Ne nimis exhaufto macrefceret inguine gallus, 
 Amlfit tcftes. Martini, L. xiii. Ep. 6^ 
 
 It is remarkable, that the art of preparing this article of luxury ftiould be entirely 
 ioli in this neighbourhood j a capon never appearing in Bury market. 
 
 B b The
 
 i86. HISTORY AND A N T I Q, U I T I E S [Chap. W., 
 
 The dairy of a6 cows was let for 81. a year, ad plenam- 
 Jjrmam; the laclage of a cow, with its calf, and a hen, being 
 rated at 6 s. 8d. \ and two cows thrown into the bargain (pret. 
 ij vacc. in avantag.) Wheat was fold for 4s. a quarter ; oats tor 
 as. two ftone horfes (I fuppofe entirely worn out), for 5 s.; a cart 
 horfe for 21 s.; a cow for 4s.; an ox for .135. 6d.; a boar for 
 IS. 8d. ; a capon for 4d. 
 
 A cart-horle " was bought fcjr 30 s,; 30 fowls to be made 
 capons, for 2s. 3d.; a goofe (auc. marol.) for 6d.; a hen for 
 2d. Whe.at was threflied for 4d. a quarter, arid other grain 
 for 2d. A reaper had 4d. a day. is. iid. was paid for cutting 
 and tying uj-> 3 acres of wheat, per ta/kam', and 3s. 4d. for 
 cutting and tying up, 6. acres of bolyraong ; a pair of cart wheels, 
 coft 6 s. 
 
 In 13,88, the produce of the farm ^yas 69 quarters, 2 bufliels. 
 of wheat; 52 quarters, 2 bufliels of barley; 23 quarters, 3. 
 budiels of peafe ; 28 quarters of haras ; 40 quarters, 4 buihels- 
 of oats. 
 
 ' This was aifo the rent of the ladage of a cow, with its caif, in 1388. in the- 
 adjoining village of HorningQicath :, when alfo the ladtage ot 91 flitep was let at 
 I i d rach. It is much that no mention is matie ot ihis latter kind of iadt.ige, in. 
 this village. It was an objett in rural economy, at ieaftas late as tlie time of ! ulTer,. 
 who gives, feveraldireflions ahout it ; and Harrifon i^ty,s, that " ewes, milk, added to- 
 " that of kine, m^kes checfc that abides longer moift, ami eats more brickie and 
 •' mellow." 
 
 ^ Though in th?fe acc.ovmts carthorfes znA (la-^lions appear to liediftinouiihed, j-et; 
 we learn from Harrifon, that in the reign of Elizabeth, horfes kept f.-n clraught or- 
 burden were floned, and geldings appropriated to the (addle. " Our land," fays, 
 he, " dooth yeeld no aOes, and ti.erefore we want the generation alfo of nujles and; 
 '• fomers ; and therefore the mod p.^rt of our carriage is made by thefe, whiclx, 
 " remaining floned, are either refervid for the cart, or appointed to beare fuch 
 '-' burdens as are cqnvenient for them. Our cart or plough-horfea (for we ufe them, 
 " indifferentliej are. commonlie fo ifrong, that five or fix of them will draw three- 
 " thoufand weight of the greateft tale, with eafc, for a long journie, although it be 
 " not a load of coiximon uiage, which confitleth onelie <.f two thouiand. Such 
 '-' as are kept alfo for burden will caric four hundred weight comiiionlie, without 
 ♦•' anie hurt or hindrance." p. 220. 
 
 V(?rv few ilonq horfes are now kept in the county, except for propagation. 
 
 Irx
 
 Chap. IV.] O F H A W S T E D, 1S7 
 
 In 1389, 57 acres were fown with wheat; 24 acres with 
 barley; 22 acres with j^eafe ; 38 acres with haras; 54 ^ acres 
 wdth oats. 
 
 Wheat fold for 4s. and 5s, a quarter; barley for 3s.; oats 
 for 2 s. An old llallion grown iifelefs (quod inutilis pro Jiauro) 
 for 12 8.; a cow for 3 s. 8d.; another for 4 s. 6d.; a pig or 
 porker (porcellus) for is. 4d.; a capon for 4d.; a cart-load of hay 
 for 5 s.; a cow's hide for is. 8 d. 
 
 A horfe's hide tawed ' (dealbatum) was bought for is.; bul- 
 ~mong ^ for 2 s. a quarter; a ftone-horfe for 15s.; a calf for is. 
 Wheat was threlhed for 4d. a quarter; barley, peafe, and haras, 
 for 2 d. 44 hogs, or hoggerels (for they are called both) were 
 gelt for IS. 8d. 60 peribns, hired for one day to weed the 
 corn, had 2d. each. Meadow ground was mown for 6d. an 
 acre ; malt made for 6d. a quarter; and 6 yards of canevas for 
 table-cloths, coft I2d. 
 
 In 1390, the produce of the farm was 42 quarters i bufliel 
 of wheat, from 57 acres, which is lefs than 6 bulhels an acre; 
 38 quarters 2 bufliels of barley from 24 acres, which is better 
 than 1 2 bufhels an acre ; 34 quarters, 1 1 bufliels of peafe, from 
 22 acres, which is better than 12 bufliels an acre; the quantity 
 of haras is obliterated; 33 quarters 2 bufliels of oats, from 54 i 
 acres, which is about 5 bufliels an acre. 
 
 Either of the two firft mentioned crops, of 1386, and 1388, 
 w^ould ruin a modern farmer. For in three nearly fucceflive 
 years there were 183 acres fown with wheat; we may there- 
 fore conclude, that the annual number w^as about 61. Yet in 
 neither of the beft years did the quantity of wheat reach 70 
 
 • Tawed is drefTed white, with alum. Tawcrs of lether are mentioned among 
 the artificers in a ftatiite of 23 Edward III. 
 
 " Bulmofig, or Boljmongy a word ftill familiar to us, means peafe and oats fown 
 together. 
 
 B b 2 quarters.
 
 i88 HISTORY AND ANTIC^UITTES [Chap. IV, 
 
 quarters. However, no particular dearnefs of corn followed ; 
 fo that, probably, thofe very fcanty crops were the ulual and 
 ordinary effedls of the imperfedl hufbandry then pradlifed. And 
 this too, as being the manor farm, was likely to be at leaft as well 
 cultivated as any in the village. Bnt the produce of the prefent 
 year bears a more melancholy afpeft. Lefs than 6 bufliels of 
 •wheat from an acre is not only a crop, by which a tolerably 
 managed farm is now rarely or never dil'graced, in the moft un- 
 favourable feafon ; but it even then produced a great karcity; 
 for wheat rofe from 4s. and ,5 s. a quarter, to 13 s. 4d.; barley 
 from 3s. to 5 s. 6 d.; oats from as. to 6s. 8d.; peafe were fold 
 at 8 s. a quarter ; and of wheat there were fold only 3 quarters, 
 whereas in one of the former years there were 1 8 ; in the 
 other 24. 
 
 An ox was fold for 12s.; 5 acres of wheat ftubble for is. 6d.; 
 a cow's hide for is. 2d. ; the peafe of the garden for 6s. 
 
 A cow,, with her calf, was bought for i os.; another for 6 s.; 
 a third for 7s. 3d.; two cows before calving, for 15s. id.; a 
 boar for 2s. yd.; and 6 calves, the property of the daye, for 6s. 
 3 s. 4d. was paid for the exchange of l)arley for feed. 
 
 A carpenter's wages was 4d. a day. A man hired for 3 ^ days 
 to fill the dung-cart, had i od. ; a ferjeant's ' (Jervient ) wages 
 w'ere 13s. 4d. a year ; a carter's i os.; a ploughman's (tenioris 
 caruce) los', a plough-driver's "^ (fugatoris canice) 6s. 8d. ; a 
 fiiepherd's I OS. 4d. ; a daye's 5 s.; and three men had is. 6d, 
 for going to Sudbury (16 miles off) to fetch tiles for the friars 
 at Babvvell near Bury. 
 
 ' Serviens de manerio, A fteward who is employed by the lord to occupy feme 
 particular grounds, and to account for the yearly profits of them. Kenntti's GloiT. 
 
 ^ It is his bufinefs to yoke the oxen equally, i.nd drive rhem without either 
 ftriking, goading, or over-prefllng them. He fhould be neither nielincholy nor 
 paffionate, but lively, and full of finging, cheering with his tunes the labouring 
 cattle. He fhould feed, and 'be fond of them, fleep with them every night, fcratch,. 
 curry, and wipe them (prwire,firiliare, torcure.) Flcta, L. II. c. 78. 
 
 Sixty
 
 'Chap. IV.] O F H A W S T E D. 189 
 
 Sixty acres were fown with wheat, 2 -' budiels to an acre ; 32 
 acres with barley ; 31 acres with peafe ; 23 acres with haras, 3 
 bufliels to an acre; 48 acres with oats. 
 
 In a life of hufbandry, the harveft is ever an affair of the 
 greateil confequence. I have therefore thrown together two 
 years trania6tions of that feafon, that we may form the belter 
 idea how that important bulinefs was conducted. 
 
 The outgoiniTS on that occafion were called the cofts of au- 
 tumn (cuftus autumnales)^ and are thus ftated. 
 
 In 1388, the expences of a jiloughman, head reaper, baker^. 
 cook, brewer, deye, 244^ reapers \ hired for one day, 30 bed- 
 repes ' (precaf) the men fed, according to cuftom, with bread 
 and herring. 3 quarters 3 bufhels of wheat from the ftock ; 5 
 quarters 3 bufliels of malt from the ftock; meat bought, los. lod.j 
 5 flieep from the ftock ; filh and herrings bought, 5s. ; herrings 
 bought for the cuilomary tenants, yd,; cheefe, milk, and butter, 
 bought^, 9s. 6d. ; fait 3d.; candles 5d.; pepper 3d. j fpoons,. 
 difhes, and faucets, 5d. 
 
 30 bedrepes, as before; 19 reapers, hired for one day, at 
 their own hoard, 4d. each; 80 men, for one day, and kept at 
 the lady's board, 4d. each; I40 4 men hired for one day, at 3d. 
 each: the wages of the head-reaper 6s. 8d.; of the brewer 3s. 
 4d. ; of the cook 3s. 4d. 30 acres' of oats tied up, by the job 
 as we now call it (per tajl^am), is. 8d.; 6 acres of bolymong 
 cut, and tied up, by the job, 3s. 4d. ; 1 6 acres of peafe, cut 
 by the job, 8s.; 5 acres of peale and bolymong cut, and tied up,, 
 by thejobj 2s. 6d. ; 3 acres of wheat cut, and tied up, by the- 
 job, IS. I id. 
 
 > The meaning of this, I iuppofcj is, that one of the men was employed only half 
 a day. 
 
 * Bedrepes were days of work performed in harveft time by the cuftomary 
 tenants, 3' the bidding or rcquifition ol their lords. 
 
 I The dairy was ietj v.hich was the rcafon that thefe articles were bought.. 
 
 la
 
 190 HISTORY AND ANTIQJUITIES [Chap. IV. 
 
 In T389, the expences of a carter, ploughman, head-reaper, 
 cook, baker, brewer, fliepherd, deye, 221 reapers hired for one 
 day, 44 pitchers ', ftackers, and reapers (pitchar, tajjaior. metent.) 
 for one day, 22 reapers, hired for one day, for good will (de 
 amore), 20 cuftomary tenants; 2 quarters 6 bufliels of wheat 
 from the ftock; beer 8d.; 5 quarters i bufliel of malt, 18s, 9xd.; 
 meat 9s. ii|d.; fiih and herring for 6 bideron % 4s. Bd. ; 
 herrings for the cuftomary tenants 5d.; cheefe, butter, milk, and 
 eggs, 8s. 3|d.; oatmeal 5d.; fait 3d.; pepper and faffron ^ lod.; 
 candles 6d.; 5 pair of gloves '^ lod.; difhes id.; fpoons i^d. ; 
 faufets id. 
 
 ' Hence a pitch-fork : fometimes called a pike, or pike-fork : 
 A rake for to rake up the fitches that lie, 
 A pike for to piU them up handfome to drie. TuffLr. 
 
 * Bedrepes. q. 
 
 ^ This oriental plant was fuil cultivated in England in the reign of Edward III. 
 but ufcd here before he was born; for in 1309, when Ralphe Bourne was indalled 
 abbot of St. Auftin's, Canterbur\r, one article of the dinner's expences was, fajfron 
 and pepper 33 s. Lei. Coll. vol. VI. p. 55. In 1366, no lefs than \% pound of faffron 
 were confumed in the houfehold of Margaret countefs of Norfolk at Framlingham 
 Caftle, in this county. Extrads from her fteward's account, in my pofieffion. It 
 continued long to be a confiderable article of cookery, as well as medicine: " I 
 " muft have faffron," fays the clown in the Winter's Tale, " to colour the warden 
 *' pies." But, according to the revolution of falhions, its ufe has of late much de- 
 creafed, in both. It was chiefly cultivated in Norfolk, Suffolk, Eflex, and Cam- 
 bridgediire -, now, I believe, only in the laft. Several pieces of land in this county 
 ftill retain its name ; at Fornham St. Genevieve is a piece called, the Saffron l^ard; 
 another at Great Thurlow, the Sqffron Ground; and a piece of glebe land near 
 Finningham church yard, the Saffron Pans, or Panes, fo named, I fuppofe, from 
 the flips, or beds, in which the plants were fet. 
 
 In having but forty foot workmanly dight. 
 
 Take faffron enough for a lord and a knight. Tufler. 
 
 It will add but little to the length of this note to obferve, that this is the only 
 plant in the world, of which the Chives (anthers) only are ufeful. 
 
 * Give gloves to thy reapers, a largefs to cry. Tuifcr. 
 
 The rural bridegroom, in Laneham's or Langham's account of the entertain- 
 ment of queen Elizabeth at Kenelworth Caftle, in 1575, had " a payr of barvejl 
 " gloves on his hands, as a fign of good hufbandry." The monaftery at Bury 
 allowed feveralof its fervants 2d. &^kc<:^£or glove Jilver^ in autumn.
 
 Chap. IV.] OF HA W S T E D. 191 
 
 213 reapers hired for one day, 3d. each, befides their board. 
 13 acres of wheat cut, tied up, and trefelled (trejeland.) at yd. 
 an acre; i acre of oats, cut, tied up, and trefelled, at 5d.; 6 
 yards of eanevas for the table, I2d.; grinding 5 quarters i 
 bufliel of malt, 8d. 
 
 What a fcene of buflling induftry was this ! for, exchidve of 
 the baker, cook, and brewer, who, we may prefume, were fully 
 engaged in their own ofiices, here were 553 perfons employed, 
 in the firft year; in the fecond, 520 ; and in a third, of which 
 
 1 have not given the particulars, 538: yet the annual number- 
 of acres of all forts of corn did not much exceed 200. Front 
 this prodigious number of hands, the whole bufinefs (except 
 fome fmailer parcels put out by the job) muft have been foon 
 finilhed. There were probably two principal days ; for two 
 large parties were hired, every year, for one day each,. And 
 thefe days were perhaps at fome diftance from each other,, as all 
 the different forts of corn were fcarcely ripe at the fame time,. 
 Yet I know not, if the object was to finilh the general liai-veft in 
 
 2 or 3 days, whether all the crops might not be fown fo as to be 
 all fit to be cut at once. The farmers at prefent fow their different 
 grains with a view to a harveft of about 5 weeks continuance. • 
 
 Thefe ancient harveft days muft have exhibited one of the 
 moft cheerful fpectacles in the workl. One can hardly imagine 
 a more animated fcene than that of between two and three 
 hundred harveft people all bullly employed at once, and enlivened 
 with the expedlation of a feftivity, which perhaps they expe- 
 rienced but this one feafon in the year. All the inhabitants of 
 the village of both fexes, and of all ages that could work, muft 
 have been afTembled on the cccaiion ;, a mufter, that in the. 
 prefent ftate of things would be impoffible. The fuccefs of thus 
 comprelhng fo much bufinefs into fo fliort a time muft have: 
 depended on the weather. But difpatch fcems to have been the
 
 7(>a HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES [Chap. IV. 
 
 plan of agriculture at this time, at leart in this village. We 
 have feen before, that 60 perfons were hired for one day to 
 weed the corn. 
 
 Thefe throngs of harveft people were fuperintended by a 
 perfon who was called the head-reaper ' {fupermed'or^ elfcwhere 
 emphatically mejjor, and prd;pq/Itus), who was annually eledled, 
 and prefented to the lord by the inhabitants ; and it Ihould feem 
 that in this village at leaft, he was always one of the cuftomary 
 tenants. The year he was in office, he was exempt from all 
 or half of his ufual rents and fervices, according to his tenure; 
 was to have his viduals and drink at the lord's table, if the lord 
 hept houfe (Ji dominus hojpitiimi temierit)^ if he did not, he was to 
 have a hvery of corn, as other domellics had ; and his horfe was 
 to be kept in the manor ftable. He was next in dignity to the 
 fteward and bailiff. 
 
 The hay harveft was an affair of no great imjxDrtance. There 
 were but 30 acres of grafs annually mown at this period. This 
 was done, or paid for, by the cuftomary tenants. The price of 
 mowing an acre was 6d. 
 
 Leafes and rentals muft now continue this detail, as I have no 
 more bailiffs accounts, which throw light on fo many particulars 
 relative to rural life. But I cannot difmifs them, without re- 
 marking, that they are all in Latin, with almoft every fyllable 
 abbreviated. But how abfurd was it for a fervant to lay before 
 his miftrefs the long detail of her year's income and expences in 
 a language that was probably equally unintelligible to them both ! 
 The perfon who audited the account, and whofe fee for it always 
 appears as an item, moft likely wrote it out, and explained it to 
 the parties. The inconveniences of thus tranfadling bufmefs in 
 
 ' The perfon, I fuppore, defigned by TufTer, where he fajsj 
 Grant harveji lord more by a peny or two, 
 To call on his fellows the better to do. 
 
 an
 
 Chap. IV.] O F II A W S T E D. 193 
 
 an unknown tongue mud have been vciy great, and the perfons 
 interefted muft have often felt thennfelves much embarraffed. 
 And therefore the countefs of StafTord, who died 17 Henry VI. 
 faid with much good fenfe, " I ordeyne and make my tefta- 
 " ment in Enghfli tonge, for my moil profit, redyng, and un- 
 *' derftandyng '." 
 
 In 1 410, Sir WilUam Clopton granted the following Icafe : 
 
 Hec indentura teftatur, quod Wiiiiclmus Clopton miles concefllr, tradidit, ct ad 
 firmam dimifit, Waltero Bone de Bury landti Edmundi, mar.erium fuum de Haufted 
 juxta Bury in com. Suffolk, cum omnibus luis pertinentibus, ec proficuis predido 
 manerio per totum predidum comitatum qualitercunque ipeftantibus, excepta advo- 
 cacione ecclefie ville de Haullcd, una cum vvardis, maritagiis, releviis, et efchaetis; 
 et falva eidem Willielmo, in manerio predido, aula, cum camcris, ccquina, domo 
 molendini, ec uno fiabulo cum duabus cameris, uno gardino juxia aulam, tt 
 omnibus ftagnis infra predidum manerium, cum libero ingreflu et egrefl'u pro fe 
 et aflignatis fuis, per totum terminum fubfcriprum. Habendum et tenendum pre- 
 didum manerium, cum omnibus fuis pertinentibus, exceptis pre-exceptis, predido 
 Waltero et aflignatis fuis, a fefto Pafche proximo futuro, ufque ad terminum et 
 finem . . . annorum ex tunc proximo fequentium et plene completorum •, reddendo 
 inde annuatim predido WiUielmo aut allignatis fuis viginti libras legalis monete, 
 ad fefta fandi Michaelis archangeli, et pafche, equis porcionibus. Et prcdidus 
 Walterus folvet capitalibus dominis feodi fervicia inde debita ct confueta, ncc non 
 fatisfaciet penes dominum regem, et qnofcunque alios, pro omnibus oneribus dido 
 manerio per totum terminum fupradi^um quovis niodo incumbentibus. Ac etiam 
 reparabit et fuftentabit om-nes domes et muros predidi manerii in coopertura ec 
 daubura, fumptibus fuis propriis, durante termino predido; excepto quod non 
 reparabit aut fuflentabit aliquas domos aut muros predido WiUielmo et aflignatis 
 fuis fuperius refervatos. Ec predidus Walterus loppabic et fhredabit, in predicto 
 manerio, temporibus congruis et fefonalibus, durante termino predido-, excepro 
 quod non loppabit aut fliredabit arbores circa bordara, foffatorum predidi manerii, 
 nee fhredabit nee loppabit arbores circa predidum manerium, durante termino pre- 
 dido. Et quod predidus Walterus recipiet de predida WiUielmo, in principio 
 termini predidi, (taurum fubfcriptum, videlicet, xx vaccas, ctj taurum, pretium 
 cujuflibet capitis ixs. iiij ftottos, pretium cujuflibet capitis "xs.; et iiij boves, 
 pretium cujuflibet capitis xiiis. iiijd. Predidus Walterus vult, et concedit per 
 prefentes, quod ipfe liberabic, et furfum reddet predido WiUielmo, aut aflignatis 
 I'uis, totum prediflum ftaurum, in line termini predidi, aut pretium cujuflibet 
 capitis capiendum eft ad eledionem predidi WiHielmi, aut all'gnatorurn iuorum. 
 
 • R-oyal Wills, p. 278. 
 
 Cc Et
 
 194 HISTORY AND A N T I QJJ I T I E S [Cliap. IV. 
 
 Et prediftus Walterus tot acras terre in predlfto manerio, in eadem cultnra et fefona 
 aiatas, fcminatas, et'compoditas, in fine termini predifti dimitcet, ficut eas in prin- 
 ci[)io termini recepit. Kt prediftiis VVillielmus non fe intromittct de fervientibus 
 didi Walteri, nee de cultura terre predifti manerii, durante terniino predifto: nee 
 perfequetur contra aliquos fervientes vel tenentes ville dc Haufted, infra terminum 
 ])redid:um, vel pofl:, pro aliqua tranfgreffione facia per diftos fervientes vel tenentes, 
 durante termino predicto. Et prediftusWillielmiis habebit ayfiamenta grangiari]m,et 
 domorum dicli manerii, pro bladis fuis ibidem liberandis et exonerandis, cum libero 
 ingrelTuSc egreflu, pro fe et aflignatis fuis, a feflo Pafche proxime fucuro poft datum 
 prei'entium, ufque ad nativitatem fanfti Johannis Baptille tunc proxime fequens, 
 line contraditlione prcdifti Walteri, feu cujufdam alterlus. Et predidlus Walterus 
 habebit ayfiamenta grangiarum et domorum predifti manerii, pro bladis fuis ibidem 
 liberandis et exonerandis, cum libero ingrelTu et cgreffu pro fe et affignatis fuis, a 
 kfto Pafche infra terminum prediclum, ufque ad fcftum nativitatis fan£li Johannis 
 Baptilte ex tunc proxime fequens, fine contradidlione predidli Willielmi, feu cujuf- 
 cunque alterius. Et fi predida firma a retro fuerit in parte vel in toto, ad aliquos _ 
 rerminos fupradidlos, per quindenam, tunc bene liceat prediclo Willielmo, aut 
 alTignatis fuis, in predifto manerio, cum omnibus pertinentibus luis predictis, et in 
 qualibet parcella eorundcm, diftringere, et diflridiones abinde abfugare, afportare, 
 et removcre, quoufque de arreragiis dicle firme plene fuerit fatisfadum. Et fi pre^ 
 diifta firma a retro fuerit in parte vel in toto ad aliquos terminos fupradidos, per 
 unum menlem, tunc bene liceat predido Willielmo, aut aflignatis fuis, in predidum 
 manerium cum omnibus pertinentibus fuis, fimul cum omnibus bonis et catallis 
 ibidem inventis, reintrare, et in priftino itatu fuo retinere, prefenti dimiflione ulio 
 modo non obftante. Et, ad omnes et fingulas convenciones fupradidas bene et 
 fideliter ex parte didi Walteri tcnendas et obltrvandas, idem Walterus obligat fe et 
 heredes et executores fuos in centum libris legalis raonete folvendis eidem Willielmo 
 aut executoribus fuis, fi defecerit in premiffis, vel in aliquo premiflbrum. Et ad 
 omnes et fiiagulas convenciones fupradidas bene et fideliter ex parte didi Willielmi 
 tcnendas et obfervandas, idem Willielmus cbligat fe, heredes et executores fuos 
 in centum iibris legalis monete, folvendis eidem Waltero vel executoribus fuis, ft 
 defecerit in premillis, vel in aliquo premiflibrum. In cujus rei teflimonium, hiis 
 indcnturis partes fupradide alternatim figilla fun appofuerunt. Datum die Lune in 
 fcfto fa'ndi Machie apoftoli, anno regni regis Henrici quarti poft conqueflum 
 undeclmo. 
 
 Though the manor, or demehie lands, above demifed, were 
 well uaderflood by the parties concerned, yet modern curiofity is 
 difappointed at not being informed of the number of acres, as 
 well as of the rent. The landlord referved to himfelf the 
 advowfon of the redtory, with the wards, marriages, reliefs, and 
 
 efchcats ;
 
 Chap. IV.] O F H A W S T E D. 195 
 
 efcheats ; befides the manor-houfe, with its chambers ', kitchen, 
 mill-houfe, a ftable with its chambers, a garden near the houfe, 
 and all the ponds. The tenant was to maintain all the houfes 
 and walls (except thofe which the landlord referved to himfelf ) 
 in covering and daubing ^ ; and not lop and flired the trees about 
 the borders of the enclofures, nor thofe that immediately fur- 
 rounded the manor-houfe. He was to receive, at the beginning 
 of his term, feveral head of live flock, the price of which was 
 fixed, and which he was to deliver up at the expiration of it, or 
 their value in money, at the option of the landlord. ' He was 
 alfo to leave, at the end of his leafe, as many acres, as well 
 ploughed, fovvn, and manured, as he received at firil. The 
 landlord was not to interfere with his tenant's fervants, nor with 
 the culture of land ; nor profecute any of thofe fervants, nor 
 any tenants of the village, either during, or after the leafe, for 
 any trefpafles committed during that term. If the rent was in 
 arrear, either in part, or in the whole, for a fortnight after the 
 two days of payment, the landlord might diilrain ; if for a 
 month, re-enter and re-poflefs. Each of the parties bound 
 themfelves to forfeit lool. upon the violation of any part of the 
 agreement. 
 
 What a pidlure of the violence and diforder of the times ! 
 What tenant now thinks it neceflary to ftipulate with his landlord, 
 
 Thefe were probably fervants-rooms, which, as well as the kitchen, were de- 
 tached from the houfe, as I believe was not uncommon in former times. 
 
 Mod of our inferior houfes, and feveral barns, &c. have their wa.lls dill daubed. 
 The compofition is a light coloured marie, dug a little below the furface of the 
 ground, in feveral parts of the village : it is very tenacious ; and when well kneaded 
 with flraw, nnd fame additional chalk, forms a coinpa(fl mortar, which, if tolerably 
 Iheltered from the weather, by projedting roofs, and eves-boards, or weather-boards, 
 will lalt 50 years. Cottages thus plaftered or dauU'd are warm and comfortable; 
 their wails are not fubject to grow moift by change of weather •, and, in my opinion, 
 look better than thofe in many parts, which are formed of ill-fhapen fragnaents of 
 ilones cemented with a foil that is yearly crumbling away. 
 
 C c 2 that
 
 ig6 HISTORY AND ANTIQ_UITIES [Chap. IV. 
 
 that he iliall not interfere with the culture of his farm; nor pro- 
 fecute any of his lervants or dependants for any mifdemeanours 
 they may commit ? Did the tenant want to fcreen his hufl^and- 
 men from the juftice of the law, or from the arbitrary violence 
 of his landlord ? 
 
 Upon how Ihort a default of payment might the tenant's pro- 
 perty be feized ! and how enormous was the penalty (no lefs 
 than five years rent) on either party, upon the infracSlion of any 
 cf the articles ! 
 
 The prohibition of breaking-up paftures, that was never 
 omitted in after-times, does not appear from this leafe to have 
 been now thought neceffary. The tenant was only bound to 
 leave as much and as well-cultivated arable land, as he had 
 received. Attention v/as even now paid to the prefervation of 
 timber. 
 
 Several rentals, about this time, fpecify rents, but not the 
 number of acres. One, however, in 1420, mentions 8 acres 
 of arable land let at 6d. an acre. Another, in 142 1, 38 acres, 
 at gd. an acre; and a garden at the old rent of los. a year. 
 Land feems not now to have been of more value than it was 
 above 80 years ago. Thefe were not the times of improvement, 
 hi 1448, the hay of an acre was worth 5s. which it muft have 
 been in 1359, when an acre of meadow was worth 5s. a year. 
 
 In 149T, the abbot of Bury let two pieces of pallure, con- 
 taining together 1 8 acres, to a man and his wife, and their exe- 
 cutors, &c. for 80 years, for 6s. 8d. a year, which is about 4 yd. 
 an acre. The tenants were to extirpate all the thorns growing 
 on the faid paftures, within the firft 1 2 years. And if the rent 
 was not paid on the two ufual days, or if all the thorns were not 
 extirpated within the time prefcribed, the landlord might re-enter, 
 and diftrain the tenants, and all their goods and chatels found 
 on tlie farm, or eljeivhere in the viilage. 
 
 This
 
 Chap. IV.] OF H A W S T E D. 197 
 
 This leafe marks very ftrongiy the languid manner in ^^hich 
 hufbandry was carried on, at this period. There would, I beheve, 
 be but Utile need, in a modern leafe, of a claufe to compel a 
 tenant, upon pain of eje(5tion, to grub up the thorns in his 
 paftures ; the feverefl: condition he would think would be, not 
 to be permitted to do it. The allowance of i a years for clearing 
 18 acres, feems to befpeak no great alacrity in performing the 
 bufmefs. The exadlnefs of payment, and the extent of the 
 diftraining power, denote a great degree of harflmefs and feverity. 
 
 From this leafe we cannot be furprifed, that in 1500, when 
 the lands of the manor were meafured, " per virgam vocatam 
 " le ftandard, continentem 16 ^ pedes in longitudine," none of 
 them, even thofe about the rnanor-houfe, which we may pre- 
 fume were moft valuable, were let for more than is. &d. an acre,, 
 and only one piece reached that rent. is. 4d. was the general 
 rate. Pafture and arable land were not diftinguiflied in value.. 
 This probably was owing to the increafe of the former ; other- 
 wife, what was become of the meadows that in 1359 "^"^'^^'^ worth 
 5s. an acre? 
 
 In the reign of Henry VIII. (the year not fpecified) 31 j aj:reS' 
 of arable land vv^ere let for is. an acre, and 34 ^ acres of arable 
 land, and 4 ^ acres of meadow, for 42s; which is is. an acre 
 for the arable, and 2od. for the meadow. 
 
 In 1536, 4 acres of arable land were let for 4s. a year; 
 7 acres for 8s.; and Clopton's clofes (about 25 acres), fur 20s.. 
 now for 20I. 
 
 In 1546, 2 acres, 3 roods, of meadow, were let for 14s., a- 
 year ; ^ an acre of- meadow for 2s. 6d. ; 3 acres of pafture, for 
 4s. ; and 2 acres of londe (that is arable land), for 2s. 
 
 In 1572, 39 acres, confilHng of '* londe, meadowe and paf- 
 " ture," were let for 2 i years for 4I. 9s. a year, which is about 
 25. 3'd. an acre ; the landlord referved to himfelf the liberty of 
 
 haw^ingy
 
 198 HISTORY AND A N T I Q^U I T I E S [Chap. I\r. 
 
 Iiawking, haying % hunting, and fouling; with power to diftrain 
 lipon default of payment on the ufual days ; and to re-enter 
 upon default of a month. The tenant might -ftubb and grubb 
 the bullies and briers growing on the grounds; and eare % break 
 up, and put in tillage, all the pafture grounds, except the 
 borders about the fame, where there grew either wood or timber; 
 and might crop, lop, and flired, fuch trees as had been ufed to 
 be cropped, lopped, and flireded, and none other. He was alfo 
 to lay, and leave the eareable land to pafture, one whole year 
 before the end of the ieafe. 
 
 The fame year, 14 acres 3 roods were let for 21 years, for 
 2I. 9s. 2d. a year, which is about 3s. 6d. an acre. Alfo 4 acres 
 for 4s. Both leafes with the fame articles as that firft men- 
 tioned. 
 
 By thefe leafes, the tenant was left at his liberty, whether he 
 would clear his fields from bvifhes or not. The landlord cove- 
 nants and grants, that \\q /hail and may Jlubb^ S>cc. as if it could 
 be a matter of indifference to either party, whether the lands 
 were well cultivated, or half their value loft. 
 
 The reftridion that the borders of the fields where timber 
 grew, fliould not be ploughed up, was very judicious. In thofe 
 bulliy belts that were fome yards broad, grew confiderable quan- 
 tities of timber, and that of the beft fort ; as trees that have 
 room to extend their branches on all fides, and are expofed to all 
 the viciffitudes of the weather, by ftanding fingle, grow larger, 
 and of a more compa6t texture, than thofe that are crowded to- 
 gether in woods. The clearing of thefe borders in modern times, 
 
 ' This word, which occurs only in this Ieafe, means rabbet-netting. A hay, fays 
 Minfliew, is a net to catch conies. And in the Suffolk IVIcrcury, for 6 February, 
 1720, is advertifed, as loft from a warren in the neighbourhood, " A rabbet-net, 
 cilled a hay." 
 
 * To ear is to plough ; fo ufed in the Englifli tranflatlon of the Bible, and other 
 £ontempornry writings. Eareable, in this leale, is the fame as arable. From the Latin. 
 
 2 wall,
 
 Chap. IV.] OF H A W S T E D. 1^9 
 
 will, in my opinion, operate very ftrongly towards the decreafe 
 of timber. Some majel^ic pollards, and other trees, the pro- 
 duce of thefe nurferies, ftill remain at a diftance from the 
 hedges, but will never be fucceeded by others, as no foftering' 
 and protecting bulhes are now left. 
 
 It was no lefs judicious to confine the tenant to lopping and' 
 flireding fuch trees as had been before lopped and flireded. The 
 cuftora, which prevails in many places, of flireding timber trees 
 to their very fummits, not only deftroys their beauty, but injures 
 their growth : for how can a tree have a large body without 
 large limbs ? The pruning of trees, deftined for timber, re- 
 quires fo much caution and judgement, that no country gentle- 
 man flioiild think that operation beneath his attention ; inftead' 
 of which, it is generally left to the carelefs and iinfldlful hand 
 of a common labourer, who often, with a finole ftroke of his 
 hook, fpoils a tree that would have been fit for the navy. 
 
 Harrifon ' has accounted for the fcarcity of timber, againfl 
 which the two laft mentioned leafes guarded fo carefully : and 
 what he fays, {o well illuftrates the period and fubjecSi: of which 
 I am treating,^ that I truft the reader wall not be difpleafed with. 
 the tranfcript of it. " This fcarfitie at the firft grew, as it is.- 
 " thought, eyther by the induil:rie of man, for maintaynance of 
 " tillage, or elfe thorowe the covetoufneffe of fuch as in pre- 
 ** ferring of pafture for their Iheep and greater cattell, doe maka 
 '* fmall account of nrebote and tymber : or finally, by the crueltic; 
 '*• of the enemies, whereof we have fundrie examples declared; 
 " in our hiftories." He proceeds thus, a little afterwards. " AI- 
 " though I mult needs confeffe, that there is good ifore of great- 
 " wood or tymber here and there, even now,, in fome places of. 
 " England, yet in our dayes it is farre unlike to that plentie: 
 *' which our auncefters have feene heretofore, when ftately- 
 " building was lefs in ufe. For albeit, that there were then': 
 
 ' P. 212. 
 
 *^ greater-
 
 200 
 
 HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. IV. 
 
 *' greater number of melTuages and manfioiis almofh in every 
 " place, yet were their frames Co flite and flender, that one 
 " meane dwelhng houfe in our time is able to countervayle very 
 " many of them, if you confider the prefent charge, with the 
 " plentie of timber that we beftow upon them. In times paft, 
 " men were contented to dwell in houfes, buylded of fallow, 
 *' willow, phimme-tree, hardbeame, and elme, fo that the ufe of 
 " oke was in a manner dedicated wholy unto churches, religious 
 " houfes, princes palaces, noblemens lodgings, and navigation ; 
 *' but now all thefe are rejected, and nothing but oke any whit 
 " regarded." 
 
 In 1574, 15 acres were let for 21 years, for i8s. 4d. a year, 
 which is lefs than i s. 3d. an acre. The tenant was to take only 
 two crops together : he was alfo yearly, and every year, during 
 the leafe, at his own proper coft and charge, to ftubb, and reaS 
 upf all manner of buflies and thorn,s upon a certain clofe, taking 
 the fame in lieu and recompence of his charges, bellowed about 
 making clean the faid clofe. 
 
 In 1575? the landlord was to receive in part of rent, three cart 
 loads of barley ftraw, good, fweet, and well ended. The laft 
 term is ftill ufed for inned, houfed. 
 
 In 1577, 21 acres in the totvne, fylds, and hamlet s, of Haw- 
 iled, were let for 21 years, for il. us. 8d. a year, which is 
 about IS. 6d. an acre. The tenant was to ftubb and reai up the 
 thorns, as before. 
 
 It was the fame landlord, Sir William Drury, that granted 
 the three laft mentioned leafes; and by them it fliould feem, 
 as if he thought it neceffiiry that fome better management 
 fhould take place in his eftate. For the tenants have it not now 
 in their option, whether they will ftubb up the buflies, or not; 
 the landlord does not covenant and grant, that Xhtj JJjall and may\ 
 but the tenants covenant and grant that they %<oill\ to which they 
 
 are
 
 €hap. IV.] O F H A W S T E D. 201 
 
 are encouraged by having the bufhes for their trouble. The 
 bufinefs however did not promife to be done in a very hufoandlike 
 manner, as it was to be repeated annually. 
 
 Thefe particulars may be thought too minute ; but they mark 
 ftrongly the ftate of hufbandry two centuries ago. 
 
 In 1580, the enclofed ground called the new Park ', with a 
 meiTuage called the Lodge therein, Langhedge meadow, with a 
 Clofe called the Horfe-pajlure, the Ox-barn^ at Haw/led Uoufe., 
 with a chamber there, called th.^ Miii-houfe' chamber, the carter's 
 itable, and the carter's chamber, without the outermort gate- 
 houfe, were let, for 10 years, for 5 61. i8s. twenty good and 
 able loads of barley-ftraw, and twenty combs of oats, a year ; 
 a fine of 50I. being paid before the execution of the leafe. 
 The landlord might re-enter, and repoffefs, upon 20 days 
 default of payment, the rent being legally demanded. The 
 tenant was to pay 8s. for the tajke ', as often as it fliould become 
 
 ^ Harrifon fpeaks with indignation of the incrcafing number of parks, in liis time, 
 as inimical to tillage and population. " Certes, if it be not one curfe of the Lorde 
 " to have our countrey converted in fuch forte from the furniture of mankinde, 
 " into the walkes and Ihrowdes of wylde beaftes, I know not what is any." p. 205. 
 
 * In 14 ro, as we have feen, the landlord referved to himfelf the 7;.'/7/-;^o;^% Thefe 
 were formerly no uncommon appendages of a great houfe. Barnaby Googe, in his 
 " Whole Art and Trade of liufbandry," printed 15S6, gives this account of a 
 ■houfe -mill : " when as in a great houfe, there is great need of corn milles, and the 
 " common milles being farre off, the way foule, and I at mine own libertie to grind 
 ' at home, or where I lift [which fometimes the principal lords would not fufter], 
 
 thinking to make a mille here at home, when neither place nor authority will 
 
 ferve me to build either a water-mille, or a wind milie ; and a qnerne, or ft hand- 
 *' milky doth but little good ; and to build a hcrfe-mille were more troublefome : 
 *' when I faw the luheels, that they ufed to dratv zvafer, turned with ojfcs, or men., 1 
 *' thought in the like fort, the wheel of a mill might be turned, and after this fort 
 "*' devifed I this engine, ivhich a couple of affes, guided by a boy, do eafdy -turn, and 
 *' make very fine meal, fufficient for mine own houfe, and moll times for my- 
 *' neighbours, whom I fuffer to grind toll-free." p. 10. 
 
 This mill was in a back houfe, and faid to be a new-fa(hioned one. 
 
 ^ Tafke means tax ; it is elfewhere called, take. Shakfpeare, in the firft part of 
 
 Henry IV. has, tafk'd the whole ftate. And Holinfhed, p. 422. " There 
 
 " was a new and flrange fubfidie or /i?/?^ granted to be levied for the king's ufe." 
 Steevens's note. • 
 
 D d due: 
 
 ■* 
 «
 
 202 HISTOHY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. IV- 
 
 due ; to have {nfficient j?re-6ooie, plougb-boote^ carie-boote, barrow- 
 boote, and hedge- boot e ; and be dilcharged from the payment of 
 all manner of tithes. 
 
 The provifo of the legal demand of rent, previous to diftrain- 
 ing, occurs only in this, and one other leafe, this reign. It 
 ■was a claufe very favourable to the tenant, as it fccured him from 
 any fudden exertion of his landlord's power. The tenant was 
 exempted from the payment of tithes ; not that this park had 
 fuch exemption ; but probably becaufe the patron, from his 
 influence and authority, could make a better comiK)ri»tion with 
 the redlor, than the tenant could ; an ancient, difingenuous 
 cuftom, not yet every where aboliflied. 
 
 Here were feveral hop-yards^ as they were called, at leaft as- 
 early as the year 1581, as appears by a furvey of the manor 
 then taken : in 1616, one near tbeplace^ containing i|acre, was- 
 valued at 2I. a year. 
 
 The cultivation of hops had been introduced into England in 
 the reign of Henry VIII. and feems to have been early attended- 
 to in this county : for Bullein, M'ho wrote " his Bulwarke of 
 *' Defence," in the middle of the i6th century, mentions their 
 growing at Brufiard, near Framlingham, and in many other 
 parts. And in " his Government of Flealth," he fays, " though 
 ** there cometh many good hops from beyond fea, yet it is 
 ** know^n, that the goodly 7?///^^ and fruitful grounds of England 
 *' do bring forth, to man's ufe, as good hops as groweth in any 
 *' place in this world, as by proofe I know, in many places in 
 ** the countie of Suffolke, whereas they brew their beere with 
 " the hops that groweth upon their own grounds." And from 
 the manner in which Tufler, who was a Suffolk farmer, about 
 the fame time, mentions them, and from the frequent diredions 
 he gives about their management, I fliould fuppofe, that almoft 
 every perfon, who had a proper fpot, cultivated fome at leafl 
 fbtf his own ufe : 
 
 Meet
 
 Chap. IV.J OF M A W S T E D. 203 
 
 Meet plot for a hop-yard once found, as I told. 
 Make thereof account, as of jewel of gold. 
 
 *' There are few fanners or occupiers in the countrie," fays 
 Harrifon, " which have not gardens and hops growing of their 
 " owne, and thofe farre better than do come from Flanders unto 
 " us '." This crop has not been cultivated here for many years. 
 
 It appears alfo by the above furvey, to how great a degree the 
 lands were neglected ; pieces of terra et pajlura dumofa et bofcalisy 
 continually occuring, and fome of them in the lord's own hands. 
 
 In 1589, 24 acres were let for ii years, for 41s. 8d. a year, 
 nearly is. Qd. an acre. The tenant was to pay takes, fifteenths, 
 tenths, and the tithes. 
 
 By an inquifition taken at Bury, 24 Sept. this year, it appears, 
 that 40 acres of meadow and palkuc, in this village, were worth 
 lol. a year, which is 5s. an acre; and that wheat was 8s, a 
 comb, barley 6s. 8d. and rye 5s. 
 
 At the fame time, the farm called HazvJIed Hall was let for 
 aol. a year, 20 combs of wheat, 10 of oats, and 3 loads of 
 wheat ftraw. 
 
 ^^ I593> the court-yard, being the bafecourt of the place^ 
 or capital manfion-houfu ; the bozvling yard, and banks " lying 
 near the faid houfe ; the orchard, which by . an old map appears 
 to have been 1 1 acres ; the clofe, or walk, called the horfe-zvalk ; 
 the dove-boiife\ the hog-yard; the paftures, feedings, and grounds, 
 within the walls of the faid houfe ; the old park, with the lodge^ 
 &c. therein ; were let for 3 years, for 40I. a year, with power 
 to re-enter, and re-poffefs, upon 20 days default of payment. 
 The landlord referved to himfelf the capital houfe, the moat, 
 and all other waters, and their fhlieries ; the pafturage, and 
 
 • P. no. 
 
 * Thefe were the terraffcs formed by the earth thrown out of the moat. 
 
 D d 2 walk
 
 204 ?1 I S T O R Y AND A N T I QJJ I T I E S [Chap. IV. 
 
 walk of two geldings ', and of 50 deer, male and female, 
 whereof 6 to be bucks ; and the liberty of taking brick from 
 the clamp to repair the capital houfe. The tenant was to })ay 
 yearly, to the parfon of the church, one buck, and one doe % in 
 feafon, for and in the name of the tithe, payable out of the 
 demefne lands of the manors of Flawfted, Talmage's, and Buck- 
 enham's. He was alfo to pay and deliver at the capital houfe, 
 all the corn and grain that Ihould grow or renew on any of the. 
 grounds during the leafe, if any i'o be. He was to have to his- 
 own proper ufe all the deer in the park, except thofe before 
 referved. He was to keep the park-pale, and the buildings, in 
 repair, bing allowed timber for the fame : he was to cherifli 
 and maintain the fruit-trees in the orchard ; to break up none 
 of the paftures ; nor to affign over any part of the lands he had 
 hired, except by his laft will. 
 
 The prohibition of breaking up paftures feems to be repeated 
 in this leafe ; in one claufe it is exprelTed, though without any 
 penalty annexed ; in another it feems to be implied, in 
 the landlord's taking all the corn, if there lliould be any. 
 This prohibition was particularly neceffary about this period, 
 when the exceffive exportation of corn had raifed it to an 
 immoderate price ^ The farmer, tempted with this profpedt 
 
 ' Thefe were for his own riding ; as horfes for draught were' generally kept ftoned. 
 See p. 186. " Geldings" fays Harrifon, " are now growne to be very dere among us, 
 " efpccially if they be well coloured, juftly lymmed, and have thereto an eafie 
 " ambling pace. For our countrimen, feeking their eafe in every corner, where it 
 " is to be had, delight very much in thefe qualyties, but chiefly in their excellent 
 " paces, which, befides that it is in manner peculiar unto horles of our foyle, and 
 ** not hurtful to the rider or owner, fitting on their backs ; it is moreover very 
 " pleafaunt and delegable in hys eares, in that the noyfe of theyr well-proportioned 
 " pafe doth yceld comfortable founde, as he travelleth by the waie." p. 220. 
 
 * This was a common compofition for the tithe of a park, and continues ilill in 
 many places -, as at Hengrave, in this neighbourhood. 
 
 ' See Chron. Pret. And in 1598, when the county compounded for the provifions 
 to be delivered for the royal houlehold, wheat was rated at 4cs. a quarter. 
 
 I Of
 
 Chap. IV.] O F H A W S T E D, 20- 
 
 of gain, would, if not prevented, have broken up all his paftures, 
 and facrificed the certain profits of his grafs-grounds to the ever 
 more precarious ones of tillage, and which would in a great 
 meafure have ceafed, v/hen foreign demanrls llackened. 
 
 The humane attention to the tenant's family, in cafe of his- 
 deatii, by empowering him to afiign the farm, by his laft wil!;^, 
 fliould not pafs unnoticed, at a period, when people in low life 
 appear not to have been fo much confidered by their fuperiors 
 as they are at prefent '. And in this inll:ance the indulgence is 
 the more remarkable, as it is not hkely that the tenant fliouki 
 lay out much money on his farm, for fo lliort a Icafe, 
 
 The fame year, 1593, a piece of ground called the Long 
 Lawne"-^. containing 67 acres, 3 roods — the Little Lawne, 19.;. 
 acres, 1 rood — a grove c^Wed Elming Grove^ 23 acres, 3 roods, — • 
 a little lazvne by it, 1 2 acres, 2 roods — Oakley zvood, with the 
 ponds and waters leading up to the garden, 44 acres, 3 roods — 
 grounds and lawnes towards Bury, 59 acres — a piece of ground,, 
 called the Little Harpe, 3 acres, 3 roods- — in all, 231 acres, 3 
 roods, being parcels of land within or near Haiv/led Park, called 
 tMq the great Park \ were let for three years, for 57 1. 13s. 9d, 
 a year, which is nearly 5s. an acre. Alfo a piece of paflure, 
 called Bricklefield, 62 acres, 2 roods; and a wood, lying there, 
 called How Wood, 13 acres, 3 roods; in all 76 acres, 1 rood; 
 were let at the fame time, and to the fame perfon, for 1 61. a>. 
 year, which is above 4s. 3d. an acre. The tenant was to have 
 all the wood and trees that fliould fall, or be blown down, . or. 
 
 ' A tenant may now, by hw, dcvife his leafe. 
 
 "" In a rental of this manor, made in 1500, mention is made of 9 acres in campa- 
 vocato le lawnde ; and fo this word was pronounced by Shakfpeare, and his 
 cotemporarics ; 
 
 Under this thick grown brake we'll fhroud ourfelves, 
 For through this laund anon the deer will come. 
 
 Hid Part of Henry VI. Afl: III. Sc. L 
 It was properly an untilled plain, extended between woods, ' Steevens's note-. 
 
 leane:
 
 2d6 n I S T O RY AND A N T I Q^U I TIES [Chap. IV, 
 
 leaae down, by the winds and tempeft; and if he fliould flubb 
 or pull up any bullies growing on his grounds, for cleanfing the 
 lame, he was to have fuch part of them for his trouble, as 
 fliould pleafe his landlord. The landlord was to keep hini 
 harmlefs from all damages and cofts of fuit, wdiich he might 
 fuftain for default of payment of tithe or herbage. And if 
 the tenant broke up, and fowed with corn, any part of his 
 grounds, the landlord was to have and take one half of the 
 corn growing thereon. 
 
 hi 1599, diiiraining upon default of payment was not to take 
 place till 30 days, and then only if the rent had been lawfully 
 demanded. — It is pleafing to note thefe gradual advancements of 
 forbearance and lenity. 
 
 Land, from the above ftateraent of its rents, feems to have 
 increafed but little in its value, this long and profperous reign. 
 Even the paftures of the park, towards the clofe of it, had only 
 reached the r-ent of meadows 200 years before. 
 
 From the negle(ft of paftures, which, at different times, 
 neither the landlord nor the tenant feem to have been in earned 
 in clearing from buflies ; tillage was probably chiefly attended 
 to, and that too with good fuccefs, if we may believe Harrifon, 
 who pubhflied his defcription of Britain in 1577 : he fays, that 
 in ordinary years, each acre of wheat, one with another, through- 
 out the kingdom, if well tilled and drelfed, would yield 20 
 bufhels ; of barley, 36 ; of oats, and fuch like, 5 quarters. 
 And Tufler, who wrote fome time before him, fays the fame; 
 ior he thus divides corn harveft into ten equal parts : 
 
 1. One part caft forth for rent due out of hand. 
 
 2. One other part for feed to fow thy land. 
 
 3. One other part leave parfon for his tith. 
 
 4. Another part for harveft, fickle, and fith. 
 
 5. One
 
 Chap. IV.] OF H A W S T E D. 207 
 
 5. One part for ploughwrite, cartwrite, knacktr ', and fniitli. 
 6v One part to uphold thy teems that draw therewith. 
 7.. Another part tor fervant and workman's wages )aie. 
 
 8. One part likewife for filbcUie daie by dale. 
 
 9. One part thy wife for needful things doth crave. 
 10. Thy felf and thy child the lalt pare would have. 
 
 The tenfold produce of the feed fown, is about the avarage or 
 modern crops ; fo that in this refpecft, agriculture has been much 
 the fame for two centuries. The great advantage which the 
 farmer of the prefent time has over his predeceffor, in the i6th 
 century, is derived from turneps and clover, which are cultivated 
 in feme parts, and beans in others : {o that, ftri^tly fpeaking, a 
 good farmer's arable land is fcarcely ever fallow, or unprofitable 
 to him : whereas, in the old hufbandry, the land, every third 
 year, when it did not bear corn, bore nothing. 
 
 In 1603, Hawf.ed Hall, or manor-houfe, with 126 acres of 
 land, "fituate in the towne and fields of Hawfted, were let to 
 William Crofts, efq; of Bury St. Edmund's, for 1 1 years, for 
 40I. and 10 combs of oats a year, which is about 6s. 8d. ari. 
 acre. The landlord referved to himfelf the liberty of keepinp- 
 courts in the houfe ; with power of re-entry upon 28 days 
 defavilt of payment, or upon any of the grounds being affigned 
 to another. It was covenanted, that no pailures fhould be broken. 
 lip, but no penalty was annexed. 
 
 In 16 i \.j t\\Q dairy-hoiife, fituate on the weft fide of the out- 
 ward court-yard of the chief houfe called Hawjled Houfe, a barn, 
 &:c. a garden, feveral utenfils of houfehold, the ufe of the.. 
 brewing and baking-houfes at, the chief houfe, with five parcels 
 of Hawfted park, containing together 155 acres, were let for 
 3 years for 85I. 5s. a year, which is near i is. an acre. The 
 
 ' Knacker is ftill a Sufiblk word for the perfon who makes harncfs, collars, and 
 leather furniture in general for the farmer. 
 
 landlord:
 
 o^d-8 H I S T O R'Y AND A N T I Q U J TIES [Chap. IV, 
 
 landlord referved to himfeU" the liberty of fupplantlng^ removing, 
 or taking away, any of the fickamore-trees ', rofe-trees % or 
 artichokes % then growing in the faid dairy-garden. The tenant 
 could not affign the farm but to his wife or children, and to 
 thofe only by his laft will : and if he broke up, and fowed, any 
 of the paftures, he was to forfeit -'| of the crop. He was, to 
 the utmoft of his power, to preferve, and cheriHi up, the trees 
 and plants, in the garden or orchard, and the. fame garden well 
 plant with herbs. He was to pay 40s. if he killed any deer that 
 fliould break into his fields: he was not to keep any ftoned 
 .horfe loofe, and at liberty ; nor joift any mares, geldings, or 
 colts, for a Ihorter time than the whole fummer ; nor convert 
 ■ into hay-ground a fpeciiied pailure. The landlord difcharged 
 him from paying all fifteenths, tenths, taxes, and fubfidies, due 
 out of the demifed lands ; as alfo all tenths due to the incum- 
 bent of the redory. 
 
 In the fchedule of the utenfils in the milk houfe, are men- 
 tioned two cheefe-breds '^, and two evangelett fats K In 
 
 ' Though the fickamore tree thrives fo well, and is now fo common in England, 
 ■yet it certainly is not a native. " It is a flranger," fays Gerarde, who wrote in 
 I cny, " in England, only it groweth in the walks and places of pleafure of noble- 
 " men, where it is efpecially planted for the (hadow fake." It is a native of Swit- 
 zerland. Thofe now mentioned mufl have been nurfery plants, and probably were 
 the firft feen in thefe parts. 
 
 * The rofe-trecs were probably of the fcarcer kinds. Sir Richard Weflon, who 
 wrote 40 years after this, fays, " we have red roles from France." 
 
 ^ Evelyn, in his Acctaria, written in 1699, fays of the artichoke, " 'tis not 
 " very long fince this noble thiflle came lirft into Italy, improved into this mag- 
 «' nitude by culture, and fo rare in England, that they were commonly fold for 
 »' crowns apiece." They were introduced, however, long before this into our 
 gardens ; for in Gerarde there is a print of the globe kind, which he calls, cinara 
 maxima Auglica, and mentions the different ways of drefiing it. By the attention 
 paid them in this leafe, they were certainly, at that time, ciieemed rarities. 
 ' * Cheefebreds are Cheefebocirds ; as the pax-board, that uled to be kiffed in token 
 •of peace and amity, was fometimes called the pax-bred. So alfo " a new bred to 
 •' give othys upon, made of wamfcoatc''' (for there were filver breds) occurs in 
 Hirtory of Norfolk, vol. II. p. 609. 
 
 ^ Evangelett (Evangelifts) Fatts were, I apprehend, fo called, from being charged 
 
 with
 
 Chap. IV.] OF H A \V S T E D. 109 
 
 In 1615, the houfes, barns, and lands, cTuW^d Hawjled Par% 
 ■were let for 1 2 years, at tliefe rents ; every acre, not ploughed, 
 and mcalured to the tenant, 9s.; every acre of meadow, 17s. 
 a year ; and every acre of arable ground (which after the firft 
 two years were to be 70) half the corn that fliould grow on the 
 fame. The landlord referved to himfelf the walk of 10 deer, 
 in the park, with liberty to hunt and take them ; and, befides 
 the ufual power of entering upon the lands with carts and horfes 
 to carry away timber, was to have a paffage over them with 
 coaches '. The tenant was to be difcharged from tithes, for 
 which he was to pay his landlord 40s. a year, on Lammas-day : 
 he w^as to be allowed, by the next tenant, half the expences he 
 fliould incur, for locks and keys, hooks, hinges, and glafs- 
 windows % And upon the violation of any of the covenants, 
 
 for 
 
 with the images of thofe faints, which were to be imprinted on the cheefes. The 
 Warwickfliire, and particular!)' the fage cheefes made in Gloucefterfhire, have ftill 
 fometiraes various devices on them. Almofl: every thing belonging to our anceftors 
 bore fo.me religious imprefs. The apojlle fpoons, formerly prefented at chrillenings, 
 and fo called from having the figures of the apoftles at their ends, are not all yet 
 melted down. Mr. Gough has what might be called an evangekl fpoon, with the 
 figure of St. Mark's lion on the top of the handle. Mr. Pennant, in his Journey- 
 to Snowdon, p. 287. mentions the waijfail cup of the apojtle, whom probably, adds 
 that ingenious traveller, they invoked at the time of drinkinsr. It bcre probably 
 the name, or figure, of the faint. A ftanding cup^ called the muhelt; and a broad 
 'white flat pece^ having a michcll, were among cardinal Wolfey's plate. Coll. Cur. vol. 
 II. p. 303. And I have a fac-fimile of a lady in monumental brafs, whofe fantaftic 
 head-drefs, of the reign of Edward IV. is charged with. Hat?. . . . ^ 3!cfu S^crrp. 
 
 ' This is the firfl: time thefe carriages are mentioned. They were as yet rare in 
 the country. They are fuppofed to have been firfl introduced into England by the 
 earl of Arundel, in 1580. 
 
 * This is the firfl: claufe refpedling glafs windows ; a luxury, probably, but jufl: 
 now introduced into farm-houles here. In i £(67, though glafs was then much more 
 common than it had been, yet was it ftill luch a rarity, that the ftevvard of the 
 earl of Northumberland thought it advifeable, that becaufe the glafs of the windows 
 of my lord's caftles and houfes through extreme winds did decay and wade, the 
 fame (hould be taken out and laid up fafe, durinrj; his lordfiiip's abfcnce. In 1661, 
 when Mr. Ray was in Scotland, the windows of the ordinary country houfes rhrre 
 were ;)ot glazed ; and only the upper paits of even thofe in the king's palaces had 
 
 s Probably fjclpf . 
 
 )L e glafs;
 
 2IO HISTORY AND ANTIQJJITIES [Chap. IV. 
 
 for which no power of re-entry was given, was to forfeit three 
 times the vakie of the damage fo incurred. 
 
 In 1616, when a furvey of the manor was taken, the demefne 
 lands confifted of 366 \ acres of pafture and arable land, and 
 38 I of meadow, in all 405 ^j '^'^'^ were valued at 249I. a year, 
 which is above 12s. an acre. 39 \ acres of wood were valued 
 at 1 2I. a year, which is about 6s. an acre. 
 
 The Hall Farm confifted of 175 acres (8 \ of which were 
 meadow) and was valued at 91I. 7s. id, which is about los. an 
 acre. 
 
 Great Fipefs farm confifted of i 38 \ acres {% \oi which were 
 meadow) and was valued at 50I. a year, which is about 7s. an. 
 acre. 
 
 Some pieces of meadow and pafture, near the principal man- 
 lion, were rated at more than a guinea an acre. 
 
 The timber (called in a furvey maiie in i 5 8 i, grojit arbor es 
 mearemii) on the manor was valued at 1480I. i os. 
 
 Among the demefne lands was a piece of 9 acres, called the 
 Parrock. This was formerly a fenced place, in which was a 
 dog-houfe, and where deer were kept in pens, for the courfe. 
 The fpot was to be a mile long, and a quarter broad, and nar- 
 rower at one end than the other \ In 1 5 8 1, it was called le Pok 
 (perhaps from its fliape) and faid to be, palis inclufus, in fne 
 boreali parci. It is now known by the name of the Paddock^ and 
 confifts partly of wood, and partly of arable land. 
 
 In 1620, Bryefs Wood Fann was let for 21 years, for 15I. a 
 year. Upon breaking up and fowing any of the paftures, their 
 
 glafs ; the lower ones having two wooden fliiitters, to open at pleafure, and admit 
 the frefh air. Itin. p. 187, 188. And in feme of the diltant parts of the kingdom 
 I have, within a few years, obferved, that fome of not the worft cottages are not 
 yet provided with glafs windows ; a comfort, which the poorcft houfe in this village 
 has long enjoyed. 
 
 ' See ample dircilions for this fport, in Di<^ionar. Ruftic. 
 
 5 whole
 
 Chap. IV.] OF H A W S T E r). 211 
 
 %vhole produce was to be forfeited. All the compofl-, muck, and 
 marie, that lliould arife on the farm, was to be beftowed ui)Oii 
 fome part of it ; and at the Chriftmas before the end of the 
 leafe, the landlord might enter and plough the fummer-tiltli 
 lands, allowing the tenant 3s. 6d. an acre for them. 
 
 The fame year, a clofe called Upper Lifmer, next Whepfted, 
 containing 20 acres, was let for 10 years, for lol. a year. The 
 tenant might ftubb up the bullies, and plough and fow the whole, 
 for the firtf 5 years, and was to lay it down with grafs, the laft 5, 
 in the belt and moft hufbandly fafliion. He was not to cut 
 and plafh the quickfets, but at feafonable times ; and was to lay 
 the hedges after the moft hufbandly fafliion. 
 
 This is the laft time we hear of ftubbing up bullies : rent of 
 land was now become too ferious an affair for the tenant, though 
 not bound by covenants, to fuffer them to reign undifturbed. 
 To eradicate them entirely was referved for a future period. 
 
 In 1625, 20 acres were let for 18 years, for 61. 13s. 4d. a 
 year, which is 6s. 8d. an acre. Five years before the end of 
 the leafe, one-third of the arable land was to be laid, and kept 
 to pafture. 
 
 This period, from i 603, the peaceful reign of James I. ftands 
 confpicuous for an aftonifliing and unequalled increafe of the 
 value of land. The rents are now more than double of what 
 they were even at the clofe of the laft reign : yet in that the 
 foundation of their prefent advance muft have been laid ; and in 
 many parts of the kingdom the advance muft then have a6lually 
 taken place; for in 1593, wheat might be exported, when it 
 did not exceed 20s. a quarter; whereas in 1563, it vras not to 
 exceed los. In 1624, wheat might be exported when it did not 
 exceed 32s. a quarter. 
 
 That the rents of land in this village were not advanced to 
 any confiderable degree, during the reign of Elizabeth, muft 
 
 E e 2 have
 
 «12 HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. IV. 
 
 have been owing to the indolence or indulgence of an opulent 
 landlord, who did not feize the earlieft opportunity of increaling 
 his revenue. That great advances muft have been made in other 
 parts, is evident, as has been juil obferved, from the different 
 prices, at which wheat might be exported in an interval of only 
 30 years, from 1563 to 1593. Harrifon, who publifhed his 
 defcription of Britain during that period, has noticed the caufe 
 of this revolution : " certainly," fays he, " the foyle is even now 
 *' in thefe our dayes, growne to bee muche more fruitefull, than 
 " it hath been in times paft. The caufe is, that for our 
 " countriemen are growne to be more payneful, ikilful, and 
 *< careful, thorowe recompence of gayne\ infomuch that my 
 " fynchroni, or time felowes, can reap at thys prefent great 
 " commoditye in a lyttle rourae ; whereas of late yeares, a 
 " great compafTe hath yeelded but fmall profite, and thys onlye 
 " thorowe the idle and negligent occupation of fuch as manured, 
 ** and had the fame in occupying '." He has elfewhere re- 
 marked the improved condition of the farmer, and eml^clliflied 
 the paffage with fuch lively ftrokes of rural characfter, and 
 economy, that I cannot forbear tranfcribing it : " So common 
 <' were all forts of treene veflels in old time, that a man ihould 
 *' hardly find four pieces of pewter (of which one pcradventure 
 ** w^as a falte) in a good farmer's houfe ; and yet, for all this 
 " frugality (if it may fo be juflly called) they were fcarce able 
 " to live, and pay their rents, at their days, without felling of 
 *' a cow, or a horfe, or more, although they paid but four 
 " pounds at the uttermofl, by the year \ Such alfo was their 
 " poverty, that if fome one od farmer or hufbandman had been 
 *' at the alchoufe, a thing greatly ufed in thofe days, amongft 
 
 ' P. 109. 
 
 * This, fays "&]& marginal note, was in the time of general idlencfs, 
 
 " fix
 
 Chap. IV.] OF H A W S T E D. 213 
 
 " fix or fevcn of his neighbours, and there, in a bravery, to 
 " fliew what itore he had, did call down his purfe, and therein 
 ** a noble, or fix fhilhngs in filver, tinto them, it was very hkcly 
 *' that all the reft could not lay down fo much againft it. Whereas, 
 *' in my time, although peradventure four pound of old rent be 
 *' improved to forty or fifty pound, yet will the farmer think 
 *' his gains very fmall toward the midft of his term, if he have 
 *' not fix or feven years rent lying by him, therewith to purchafe 
 *' a new leafe ; befides a fair garnifli of pewter on his cowbord, 
 *' three or four feather-beds, fo many coverlets, and carpets of 
 *' tapeftry, a filver falte, a bowle for wine (if not a whole ncft) 
 *' and a dozen of fpoons, to furnifli up the fute. This alfo he 
 " taketh to be his own clear ; for wliat flock foever of money 
 ** he gathereth in all his years, it is often feen, that the land- 
 *' lord will take fuch order with him for the fame, when he 
 " reneweth his leafe (which is commonly eight or ten years 
 *' before it be expired, fith it is now grown almoft to a cuftom, 
 ** that if he come not to his lord fo long before, another fliali 
 *' ftep in for a reverfion, and fo defeat him outright) that it 
 *' fliall never trouble him more than the hair of his beard, 
 " when the barber hath waflied and fliaven it from his chin '." 
 Tuflfer, who wrote in the fame reign, talks alfo of fines, and 
 
 high rents : 
 
 Great fines fo neere did pare me. 
 Great rent fo much did fl<are me. 
 Though country health long ftaid me, 
 Yet leafe expiring fraid me. 
 
 So by the leafe of 1580, recited above, it appears that the 
 landlord received a fine of 50I. upon granting it. 
 
 In 1627, 9 i- acres were let for twelve years, for 3I. los. a 
 year, which is rather above 7s. an acre; and 39 acres for 20 1. 
 
 ! P. 189. 
 
 which
 
 ai4 HISTORY AND ANTI Q^U I T I E S [Chap. IV. 
 
 ■which is about. 10 s. 4(1. an acre; the whole was in three pieces, 
 called the Lifmers. The tenant was not to plough any of the 
 lands, except for the firft feven years ; after which, the whole 
 was to be laid to pailure, upon penalty of 5I. for every acre not 
 fo laid. 
 
 In 1628, the houfe called the Dairy ^ and 341 acres i rood, 
 in 7 pieces, chiefly pafture, being part of the great park, be- 
 longing to the chief houfe called Haw/led Place, were let for 7 
 years, for 137I. 8s. gd. a year, which is about Ss. an acre. 
 The tenant, if he broke up, and fowed any of the pailures, 
 was to forfeit the whole crop. He might crop and lop fuch 
 pollards ' as had before been cropped and lopped. 
 
 The fame year, 112 acres, part alfo of the great park, lying 
 in the parifh ^ of Hawfted, were let for 6 years, for 61I. is. 7d. 
 a year, which is about iis. an acre. The tenant, upon break- 
 ing up and fowing any of the paftures, was to forfeit 5s. yearly 
 for every rood fo broken up. 
 
 In 1633, 62 acres, 1 roods, were let for 2,1 years, for 42I. 
 15s. 3d. a year, which is about 13s. 8d. an acre. The tenant 
 had liberty to break up and fow only 2 { acres, and that only for 
 the firfl II years. 
 
 In 1635,, 9'^ acres, parcels of the great park, were let for 21 
 years, for 49I. is. 7d. a year, which is about los. 8d. an acre. 
 The tenant was to forfeit 40s. a year, additional rent, for every 
 acre of pafture which he lliould plough and fow. 
 
 In 1636, 57 acres were let for 10 years, for 29I. 8s. 6d. a 
 year, which is about los. 4d. an acre, with the fame penalty 
 
 ' This is the firfl: time this word occurs. In 1632, are mentioned all fuch trees, 
 pollards and hiijhands as bear tops for fireing. 
 
 * This, I think, is the firft time that any deed in my poflefllon ufes this word. 
 The Latin term is villa\ and in Englifh deeds, the lands are defcribed as lying in 
 the town, townfliip, and fields of Hawiled. Anciently, a diftrid, v,'l;en confidered 
 ecclefiaftically, was called aparijh; when civilly, z villi or tozvn. But the word 
 parijh is now fo generally ufed, that the difliindion is nearly loft. 
 
 upon
 
 Chap. IV.] O F H A W S T E D. 215 
 
 ■upon breaking up pafturea, as in the lait. 1 6 cart loads of muck 
 ■were to be laid yearly on fome of the arable lands; and the great 
 cattle foddered in winter with hay, on the partures. 
 
 In 1658, the Hall Farm was let for 11 years, for 1 1 81. a year. 
 Upon 28 days default of payment, the dcmife was either to be 
 void, or the landlord might diftrain at his option. The tenant 
 might not affign the farm to any perfon whatever; and was 
 to forfeit 40s. a year for every acre of paflure which he fliould 
 break up. 
 
 In all thefe leafes from 1603, difirefs was to take place upon 
 a 8 days default of payment, without the previous legal demand 
 of the rent ; a provifo that had been admitted in the reign of 
 Elizabeth, and which was fo favourable to the tenant, that it 
 fliould feem, by the omiflion of it, as if the landlord wiflied 
 to keep him in perpetual terror. In oi)poIition to this mull be 
 fet'the humane claufe, that empowered the tenant to affign, by 
 his laft will, his farm to his wife or children, or his executors 
 for the performance of his will : an indulgence, which I fup- 
 pofe was often found fo detrimental to the eftate (for who can 
 fay, ^ales Jint pueri^ qiialifque futura fit tixorf) that it was 
 denied in 1658, and never afterwards granted '. I'he tenants 
 were in general to pay all the town charges; and repair the build- 
 ings, being allowed timber for that purpofe ; as well as wood 
 for fireing, and for implements of hulbandry. 
 
 In 1682, the following wages of fervants and labourers in 
 hulbandry, were rated and appointed by the jullices of the 
 peace, at their quarter feffions, holden at the neigbouring 
 town of Bury St. Edmund's, 24 April. 
 Wages by the year. 
 
 A 2d hind or hufbandman, or A s. d. 
 
 common fervant above i8 
 
 years of age — —3100 
 
 A fourth under 18 ■— 2 10 Q 
 
 A dairy-maid, or cook rr 2 10 o 
 
 * Yet the law will allow it, nnlcfs the tenant exprefsly gives it up. 
 
 The 
 
 /. J. d. 
 
 A bayllffe in hiifbandry — 600 
 A chief hufbandman, or carter 500
 
 £i6 HISTORY AND ANTTQUTTIES [Chap. IV. 
 
 The befl hired fervants, with /, s. d. ] A common labourer at other 
 
 meat and drink, for harvefl i 2 o j times. /. s. d. 
 
 An ordinary harvell: man — 018 o j In fummcr — — 006 
 
 Wages by the day. 
 
 A man hay- maimer, with meat 
 
 and drink — ■ — 005 
 
 A woman hay-maker — 003 
 
 A man reaper in harvefl: — o 010 
 
 A woman reaper — — 006 
 
 In winter — — — 005 
 Women, and fuch perfons, 
 weeders — — o 
 
 WiihoLit meat and drink, their 
 wa'/es were doubled. 
 
 The fame year the Hall Farm was let for 3 years for only 105I. 
 a year. The Uberty of keeping courts in the houfe was referved. 
 The tune of re-entry upon default of payment, was extended to 
 40 days, and only then after a legal demand of the rent ; a claufe 
 that has continued to this day. Former penalties upon breaking 
 up paftures were either found incoiivenient, as the forfeiture of 
 all, or fome part of the crop, or inadequate, as 40s. an acre ; 
 the penalty was therefore now fixed to 5I. an acre, additional 
 yearly rent, which is flill continued, except in an inftance or two, 
 where it is unneceffarily increafed to lol. The tenant was now, 
 for the laft time, allowed cart-boote and plough-boote. 
 
 In 1723, Bryer's Wood Farm was let for 12 years, for 29I. 5s. 
 a year. The tenant, belides the croppings of pollards, was to 
 have the bodies of dead or dotard trees ', for fireing. 
 
 In 1732, the tenant was, as ufual, to keep the hedges in repair, 
 being allowed bullies and ftakes for the fame, as well as the lUifF 
 and JJjravel zvood * that fliould arife therefrom, towards the 
 charge of doing the fame. He was alio to beftow on fome part 
 of the lands one load of good rotten muck (over and above what 
 was made on the farni) for every load of hay, ftraw, or ftover, 
 which he fliould carry off them. The duty of fending teams 
 into the highways for their repair, firil occurs in this leafe, and 
 
 ' Pollard trees, that would produce no more wood for lopping. Dctard, or 
 rotten trees, occur in a furvey of the pofTefiions of the archbi.uop of Canterbury, 
 taken in 1646. Bib. Topog. Brit. N° Xil. Append, p. 54. 
 
 f Seey&rwjf, in the lift of words ufeU in this aeighbourhood, p. 173. 
 
 from
 
 Chap. IV.J O F H A W S T E D. 217 
 
 from which the landlord exempts the tenant, though he was to 
 pay all fuch taxes, aircHments, and levies, as fliould be laid on 
 his farm for the king's majcfty, commonly called the land-tax, as 
 alfo the poor and church- wardens rates, with the tithes great 
 and fmall. The annual quantity of wood for fireing was now 
 firlt limited; it was to be 8 loads of one bind wood, worth los. 
 a load, at the ftubb, to be cut, made up, and carried at the 
 tenant's expence. His rent was 81I. a year. 
 
 In 1740, the tenant was to leave, the laft year of his leafe, 
 one-third of his arable land fummer tilled, ploughed, and fal- 
 lowed, in three clean earths and a rove ', for which he was to be 
 paid according to the cuftom of the country. No croppings of 
 pollards were to be taken of lefs than 1 2 years growth. 
 
 In 1753, \Y\iQn Pinford EndFarm \vvL?,\QXt the penalty upon 
 breaking up paftures was enlarged to lol. an acre. All the com- 
 poft, dung, foil, and a/Jyes, arifing 011 the farm, Were' to be 
 beftowed upon it. Only two crops together were to be taken 011 
 any of the arable lands ; provided, if the faid lands fhould be 
 fown with clover or rye-grafs, and the fame fliould not be mowed 
 or feeded, but fed ; or if fown with turneps, and the fame fpent 
 or fed on fbme part of the farm, fuch clover, rye-grafs, and 
 turneps, fhould not be efteemed a crop. The landlord was either 
 to fet out yearly a fufficient quantity of wood for the tenant's 
 fireing, or allow him coals in lieu of it. The tenant was alfo 
 to be allowed as. for every waggon load of dung or cinder 
 alhes, which he fhould bring from Bury, and lay on his lands. 
 
 This leafe prefents us with feveral remarkable particulars in 
 rural economics. The aJJjes firlt mentioned were thofe of wood, 
 and were now attended to, as it had become a cuftom to fell 
 them to the foap-boilers, who vifited every houfe, with light 
 quartering carts, to coUedt them. There are fcarcely any roads^ 
 
 • A rove is half a ploughing : two furrows are made inftead of four. 
 
 F f impraflicable
 
 «i8 HISTORY AND ANTIQ.UITIES [Chap. IV. 
 
 irapradicable to thefe adventurous vehicles. When a tenant vi^as 
 to profit by the conlumption of fewel, it was not HkeJy he fliould 
 be very fparing of it. 
 
 This is the earheft leafe I have, in which rye-grafs, clover, 
 and turneps, though long before cultivated here, became objeds 
 of confideration between the landlord and tenant. The firft 
 (lolium perenne) is a native of England, and has been long fown 
 as fodder for cattle ;, it ought to be called r^^-grals, its old and 
 proper name. The fecond is faid to have been introduced into 
 England in 1 645 ' ; and was firfl feeded in this parilh, the be- 
 ginning of this century. About the fame time, turneps alfo, that 
 capital addition to modern hufbandry, were firlt fown here, as 
 a crop, by the fame perfon that feeded clover : and as it has been 
 thought no difgrace to a nobleman, to have it recorded of him, 
 that he firft cultivated this moft ufeful vegetable, on a large fcale, 
 in the contiguous county of Norfolk \ I hope to be excufed in 
 refcuing from oblivion the name of Michael Houghton, who, 
 about the year 1700, fowed the firft two acres of turneps ever 
 feen in this parifh. And it may perhaps gratify local curiofity 
 to be told, that Mr. Metcalfe's prefent garden was part of that 
 fpot. I had this information from an old man, now alive, who 
 ■was born in 1692 ; and who well remembers, that he wasftruck 
 with the novelty of this crop, when he was a fchool boy, which 
 he ceafed to be when he was nine or ten years old. 
 
 The deftruction of wood had been guarded againft, with 
 greater or lefs ftri6lnefs, in almoft every foregoing leafe. The 
 quantity of it for fireing had for fome time been limited ; and 
 timber for implements of hufbandry withholden ; but its fcarcity 
 ■was now become ferious ; and this, I believe, is the firft time 
 that coals were thought of, as fewel, for a farm-houfe in thia 
 parifli, 
 
 ' Aubrey's Surry, vol. III. p. 229. 
 
 The
 
 Chap, IV.] O F H A W S T E D. 219 
 
 The allowance of 2s. for every load of manure, which the 
 tenant fhould bring from Bury, and lay on his farm, will pro- 
 bably, at this time, excite our wonder ; but this wonder will be 
 Avallowed up by one infinitely greater, upon our being affured, 
 that during the 21 years the landlord was charged with only 
 one load. Pofterity will almoft withhold its belief; but I vouch 
 for the truth of it. 
 
 About the fame time, another tenant had it not left to his 
 option, but was obliged to bring annually from Bury 30 loads 
 of manure, to lay on his farm, for which he was alfo to be 
 allowed 2s. a load. This tafk he performed with relu6tance ; 
 and often feemed afraid of over-loading his waggon. 
 
 Thefe are mentioned as two curious inftances of the late race 
 of farmers. They lived in the midtl of their enlightened neigh- 
 bours, like beings of another order ; in their perfonal labour, 
 they were indefatigable ; in their fare, hard ; in their drefs, 
 homely ; in their manners, rude. — " We ne'er fliall look, upon 
 " their like again." 
 
 In 1782, clover, if feeded on, or from a fecond crop, and 
 turneps, if not fpent, or fed, upon fome part of the farm, were 
 to be efteemed as crops of corn. The tenant was to fpend, fodder, 
 and lay all the hay, ftraw, halm, adies, chaff, colder ', and 
 ftover, that iTiould arife on the farm, upon fome part thereof. 
 
 Thus have I thrown together whatever relates to the hiftory 
 of cultivated land in this village : and it is my wifli, that the 
 imperfedtions, not only in this, but other divifions of this effay, 
 may ftimulate others to correct them, by favouring the public 
 with the hirtories of other pariflies in the county. It is only 
 by the united efforts of many that any fubjedt can be fufficiently 
 ill nitrated. 
 
 ' Called alfo caving. It means thofe ears of wheat, in which the corn will not 
 Teparatc from the chaff, without being threlhed by themTelves. 
 
 F f 2 Some
 
 420 HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. IV. 
 
 Some may perhaps think, that I have been too minute in my 
 detail. To this it may be rephed, that to trace the progrefs of 
 any art or employment, that has engaged the induftry and atten- 
 tion of man, has always been eileemed at leall an amufing, if 
 not an ufeful difquifition. To attempt therefore a hiftory of the 
 agriculture of even a fingle parifli, as forming a part of that 
 greateft of national objects, and upon which the ftatefman and 
 philofopher have fo often beftowed their thoughts, and a con- 
 iiderable and very valuable clafs of our fellow creatures their 
 labour, cannot be deemed a trifling dellgn. The execution may 
 be feeble ; but the fubject is important. 
 
 I fliall now fubjoin a few particulars of the prefent ftate of 
 hufbandry. The farms are in general, from four to about fix 
 fcore pounds a year, at about 14s. or 15s. an acre, cultivated 
 by perfons who need not be afliamed at the difplay of their 
 operations. This place, as being near a large town, in a well 
 inhabited part of the kingdom, and generally the refidence of 
 fome family of confequence, has never probably been the laft 
 in admitting any improvements in the arts of civilized life ; and, 
 in general, all maritime diftri6ts, as being, for the moft part, 
 better peopled, and more open to intercourfe with ftrangers, than 
 the more centrical ones % may be prefumed to have preceded 
 them in every kind of refinement. Agriculture therefore has 
 been condudled here, for fome years, in the fpirited manner of 
 modern times. The farms have in general been occupied by 
 men of fubftance, who employ at leaft twice the number of 
 
 * Thefe ufed to be called uplcmiijh, a term that implied an inferiority in civi- 
 lization. Hurrilbn, in his Defcription of Britain, mentions uplandijb toivns. And 
 Dr. BiiiJein, his contemporary, gives a humourous delcription of a perftjn, whom 
 he calls " a barbarous uplandijb jenkyng." Compounds, p. 56. " Uplondijh men will 
 " ccunterfete, and liken himfelf to gentilmen." Trevifa's tranflaiion of Higden, 
 as quoted by Dr. Henry. But a general diffufion of knowledge and polirenels has 
 for many years worn away this dillindion. 
 
 labourers.
 
 Chap. IV.] O F H A W S T E D. 221. 
 
 labourers, that formerly wrought on the fame fpots; and whofe 
 calculation is, that a man, at his entering upon a farm, if he 
 would ftock it, and manage it, as it ought to be, fliould have a . 
 hundred pounds in his purfe, for every fcore pounds of rent. 
 
 One great, perhaps the greateft improvement of which this ■ 
 ftrong foil is capable, is the drainage of the arable lands, of 
 many of which wet is the malady. The drains, cut with . 
 curious tools made on purpofe, are about two feet deep, wedo-c-- 
 fhaped, and filled at bottom with buflies, and over them with 
 halm, upon which the earth is laid. Six or feven fcore rods 
 of thefe drains, at 2d. a rod, are generally cut upon an acre, and, 
 with other expences, amount at leaft to 30s. This, it is plain, , 
 is a coftly operation, but it has fertilifed fpots that before pro- 
 duced but little, and repays the tenant, the firfl: year. Befides, 
 by the grounds being thus drained, the farmer can come fo much 
 fooner upon them with his plough. 
 
 The lands have been alfo meliorated, to a very confiderable 
 degree, by great quantities of compoft brought from Bury : 
 waggons are now daily groaning with thefe valuable loads, almoft 
 unknown to former farmers, who were to be bound by their 
 leafes not to fell and carry away the muck made in their own - 
 yards ; and encouraged by rewards, to bring any from Bury. 
 From the great attention to the plough, not an inch of land is left 
 negledted ; the broad bulhy borders about the fields have been . 
 cleared and fown ; and it is well, if even the roots of the hedges 
 efcape the ploughfliare. Thefe efforts of expenlive induftry j^ro- 
 duce one year, and one acre with another, about 5 combs off 
 wheat, 7 of barley, 7 of oats, 4 of peafe, 7 or 8 of colefeed^:, 
 and I of clover. 
 
 A pradice has much increafed of late, and been found to - 
 anfwer extremely well, that of foiling horfes in the liable or yard, , 
 inftead of turning them out to pafture. This is done with arti-- 
 
 ficial.i
 
 22^ HISTORY AND ANTI QJJ ITI E S [Chap. IV. 
 
 ficial grafles, but chiefly vvith winter tares, which are Town about 
 Michaelmas, and begin to be cut about the middle of May. By 
 tliis method much wafte is avoided ; for none of the fodder is 
 trampled upon or fpoiled, none loathed or negle61ed, as when 
 whole fields are ranged over ; fences are not broken, nor corn 
 damaged ; nor do the animals lame themfelves or one another. 
 Add to this, that the paftures are by thefe means more appro- 
 priated to the fervice of the dairy. 
 
 Having mentioned hories, I muft take this opportunity of 
 doing juftice to a moft ufeful breed of that noble animal, not 
 indeed peculiar to this parifh, but, I believe, to the county. 
 This breed is well known by the name of Suffolk Punches. They 
 are generally about i 5 hands high, of a remarkably fhort and 
 compa6l make ; their legs bony; and their flioulders loaded with 
 flefh. Their colour is often of a light forrel, which is as much 
 remarked in fome diflant parts of the kingdom, as their form. 
 Tiiey are not made to indulge the rapid impatience of this pott- 
 ing generation ; but, for draught, they are perhaps as unrivalled, 
 as for their gentle and tra«5table temper ; and to exhibit proofs 
 of their great power, drawing matches ' are fometimes made ; 
 
 and 
 
 * I have tranfcnbed an advertifement, the firft that occured, of one of thefe 
 matches : 
 
 On Thurlliay^ 9 July, 1724, there will be a drawing at Ixworth Pickarel, for a 
 - piece of plate of 4:5. value; and they that will bring five horfes or mares may put 
 in for it : and they tiiat draw 20 the beji and fairejl pulls, with their reins up, and 
 then, they that can carry the greatejl weight over the block, with few eft lifts, and 
 fcweft pidls, ihali have the faid plate-, by fuch judges as the mafters of the teams 
 fliall ciioote. You are to meet at 1 2 o'clock, and put in your names (or elfe to 
 be dcDarred from drawing for it), and fubfcribe half a crown apiece, to be paid to 
 the fecond beft team. 
 
 Suffolk Mercury, 22 June, 1724. 
 
 Some parts of the above may perhaps require a commentary. 
 The trial is made with a waggon loaded with fand, the wheels funk a little into the 
 ground, with blocks of wood laid before them to increafe the difficulty. The firft 
 eflbrcs are made with the reins falkned, as ufual, to the collar i hue the animals can- 
 not.
 
 chap. IV.] OF M A W S T E D. 123 
 
 and the proprietors are as anxious for the fuccefs of their re- 
 fpe6live horfes, as thofe can be, whofe racers afpire to the plates- 
 at Newmarket. An acre of our ftrong wheat land, ploughed 
 by a pair of them, in one day, and that not an unufual tafk, is^ 
 an achievement that befpeaks their worth, and which is 
 fcarcely credited in many other counties. Though natives of a. 
 province, varied with only the flighteft inequalities of furface,, 
 yet when carried into mountainous regions, they feem born for 
 that fervice. With wonder and gratitude have I feen them,, 
 with the moft fpirited exertions, unfolicited by the whip, and 
 indignant, as it were, at the obftacles that oppofed them, draw- 
 ing my carriage up the rocky and precipitous roads of Denbigh 
 and Caernarvon fliires. But truth obliges me to add, though not 
 to the credit of my compatriots, that thefe creatures, formed fo^ 
 well by nature, are almofl always disfigured by art. Becaufe their 
 long tails might, in dirty feafons, be fomething inconvenient, they 
 are therefore cut off frequently to within four inches of the rump^ 
 fo- that they fcarcely afford hold for a crupper;, and as abfurdity 
 never knows where to ftop, even the poor remaining ftump has 
 frequently half its hair clipped off. In a provincial paper,, a 
 few years ago, one of thefe mutilated animals was exprellively- 
 enough defcribedj as having a fliorn mane, and a very JJjort 
 bunged dock. 
 
 When the ancient ufe of oxen was difcontiniied, and only horfes 
 w^ere employed by the farmers here, I cannot fay. Oxen are not: 
 mentioned in the leafes of the reign' of Elizabeth ; for then, when 
 the landlords referved to themfelves the power of coming upoa? 
 
 not, when fo confined, put out their full flrength : the reins are therefore afterwards 
 thrown loofe on their necks, when they can txerl their utmolt powers, which thejr 
 ufually do by falling on their knees, and drawing in that attitude. That they may 
 not break their knees by this ope ra.tion, the area on which they draw is- ftrown 
 with foft land.
 
 2Z4 HISTORY AND ANTIQ^UITIES [Chap. IV, 
 
 the farms to carry away timber, mention is made of carts and 
 horfes only, for that purpofe. Yet from feveral paffages in 
 Tuirer, who was a Suffolk farmer early in that reign, if not in 
 the preceding one, it fhould feem as if they were then nfed, 
 ;in fome parts at leaft of this county. In fpeaking of hufbandly 
 .furniture, he fays : 
 
 With ox-bows, and ox-yokes, and other things mo. 
 
 For ox-teem and horfe-teem, in plough for to go. 
 
 Strong oxen, and Horfes, well fhod, and well clad, 
 
 Well meated and ufed. 
 
 They are, at this time, employed but by one gentleman in this 
 ! neighbourhood, who harnefles them like horfes ; and fays, he 
 has every reafon to be fatisfied with their fervice '. 
 
 Another practice adopted here, and which, I believe, is not 
 
 'generally known, is that of drawing the turneps towards the end 
 
 of March, when they begin to run to feed, cutting off their tops 
 
 and bottoms, and throwing the bodies in heaps in fome out- 
 
 ,houfe. By thefe means, the cattle have a delicious repaft of the 
 
 green tops ; and the bodies, not exhaufted by the flowering items, 
 
 'Continue firm and good for fome weeks, and are diitributed at 
 
 difcretion. The lands are alfo the fooner cleared, and ready to 
 
 be ploughed for the fucceeding crop of barley. Some, inftead 
 
 of houling the turneps, lay them, without any operation, clofe 
 
 to one another, in a fingle ftratum, at fome corner of a field; 
 
 where, though they pufh out their bloflToms, yet are they lefs 
 
 flringy than if they continued growing on their native fpot. 
 
 Either method fucceeds very well (though the former is rather 
 
 • The elegant Buffon, fpeaking of the ox, fays, " II femble avoir ete fait cxpres 
 <' pour lacharrue; la malfc de fon corps, la lenteur de fes mouvements, le peu dc 
 " hauteur de fes jumbe.s, tout, jufqu' a fa tranquillite, et a fa patience dans le travail, 
 *' femble concourir a le rendre propre a la culture des champs, et plus capable qu' 
 *' aucun de vaincre la refiftance conftante ct toujours nouvelle que la terre oppofe a 
 *' fes efforts." Qiiac'rupedes, Tome premier, p. 250. 
 
 T preferred
 
 Chap. IV.] OF H A W S T E D; a,5 
 
 preferred) and ferves to eke out the fodder at this critical time 
 of the year. 
 
 Grafs-grounds are, in general, about one-third part of the 
 farms; and arc tlierefore no inconfiderable object of the farmer's 
 attention. The fame good hufbandry pervades them, as the 
 arable lands. They are kept in the bell and neateit order. T'he 
 rough lays, as they nfed to be called, are now no more ; and the 
 courfing lays, near the place, thofe ihrubby fhelters for hares, 
 known only by the map. In fhort, the mighty work of ftubbing 
 tip bufhes is now accompliflied. The butter made in this parifh 
 is exceeded by none in the neighbourhood ; and of our cheefe in 
 general it may be faid, that it does not now deferve the ill name 
 it formerly had. 
 
 . It follows of courfe, that they who take fuch good care of their 
 lands, fliould not be neglectful of their perional and domeftic 
 comforts. The farm-houfes are in (general well furnifiied with 
 every convenient accommodation. Into many of them a baro- 
 meter has of late years been introduced ; a moft ufeful inftru- 
 ment for the hufbandman, and which is mentioned here as a 
 ftriking inftance of the intelligence of this period. The tea-pot, 
 and the mug of ale, poffefs jointly the breakfalt table; and meat 
 and pudding fmoak on the board every noon. Formerly, one 
 might fee at church what the cut of a coat vvas half a century 
 before ; no fuch curiofity is now exhibited ; every article of 
 drefs is fpruce and modern. 
 
 At this time, a head fervant man, who lives in the houfe, 
 receives for wages 7 or 8 guineas a year; a maid 3 ; a boy 2. 
 A day labourer has is. 2d. a day in fummer, and is. in winter, 
 befides an allowance of beer; for threfliing a comb of wheat, is.; 
 of the great, or clog zvheat, ov rivets, is. 3d.; of barley and 
 oats, 6d. or yd.; for mowing an acre of grafs, is. 4d. a weeder 
 of corn has 6d. a day. 
 
 G g This
 
 2:6 HISTORY AND A N T I QJJ I T I E S [Chap. IV. 
 
 This article of wages muft not be difmifTed, without comparing 
 them with thofe given in former times. In the 14th century, 
 a harveft man had 4d. a day, which enabled him in a week, to 
 buy a comb of wheat ; but to bay a comb of wheat, a man 
 muft now work in the harveft field 10 or 12 days. A man had 
 formerly 6d. for mowing an acre of meadow, which, if he 
 worked hard, he might fmifh in a day, and purchafe for himfelf 
 a buftiel of wheat, which nuift now be earned by 5 days labour.. 
 2d. a day for weeding corn, 4d. for threftiing a quarter of wheat,, 
 and 2d. for other grain, were better wages than thofe now given, 
 and enabled the lazieft lubber to earn more than the moft in- 
 duftrious woikman can at prefent. So that whatever hardlliips 
 the poor might formerly fufter from the oppreffion of their fu- 
 periors, ftill however they feem to have been better paid for their 
 labour than they are at prefent. 
 
 Their annual falaries, that were from 5s. to 13s. 4d. were 
 lower in proportion; though thefe were incrcafed to a degree 
 which 1 am not able to afcertain, by allowances (liveries they 
 were called) of various kinds of grain. 
 
 The harveft now lafts about 5 v/eeks ; during which the 
 harveftman earns about 3I. The agreement between the farmers 
 and their hired harveftmen is made on Whitfon Monday. Harvejl 
 gloves of yd, a pair are ftill prefented. During harveft, if any 
 ftrangers happen to come into the field, they are ftrongly folicited 
 to make a prefent to the labourers, and thofe who refufe are 
 reckoned chuYlilh and covetous. This prefent is called TiLargefs; 
 and the benefacftor is celebrated on the fpot, by the whole troop, 
 who firft cry our. Holla! Largejs I Holla I Largejs f They then 
 fet up two violent fcreams, which are fucceeded by a loud voci- 
 feration, continued as Irng as their breath will ferve, and dying 
 gradually away. Wheat harveft is liniftied by a little repaif given 
 by the farmer to his men. And the completion of the whole is 
 
 crowned
 
 Chap. IV.] O F H A W S T E D. 227 
 
 crowned by a banquet, called the Hockey, to which the wdves and 
 children are alfo invited. The Largefs money furniflies another 
 day of feftivity, at the alehoufe, when they experience to per- 
 fedlion the happincfs of, 
 
 — — — Cor da ohlita iaborum. 
 At all their merry-makings their benefactors are commemorated 
 by, Holla ! Largefs ! The lalt load of corn is carried nome, as it 
 were in triumph, adorned with a green bough. 
 
 Time is gradually, and but gradually, wearing away many 
 ancient iuperltitions. The appearance of departed fpirits is not 
 yet quite difcredited. I was aflced very ferioufly, fome years ago, 
 by a farmer's wife, if I had not feen the ghoft of a lady, who 
 died in the apartment which 1 then inhabited. 
 
 There are thofe who would not willingly kill a bacon-hog, in 
 the decreafe of the moon. And it is generally reckoned lucky 
 to fet a hen upon an odd number of eggs '. 
 
 Thefe fketches may be thought by fome to exhibit the general 
 pi6ture of agricultural life ; but this is certainly not the cafe. 
 They might be rendered more interefting by a contraflied drawing; 
 but that is not my prefent bufinefs. I delineate my ov/n village. 
 Let others do the fame by theirs. 
 
 ' This fancy, it is remarkable, was laid down as a maxim by Palladius, who, fpealc- 
 ing of Hens, fays, " fupponenda funt his fcnrsper ova niimero iiripuri." i.ib. !» 
 iiU 27. And Varro had faid the lame before hmi. Lib. II!. cap. 9. 
 
 G g- 1 API' EN-
 
 [ 229 3 
 
 E N D I X. 
 
 HARDWICK. 
 
 AS this eftate is extraparochial, and confequently has no 
 chance of ever being inchided in any Parifli Hiltory; and 
 as it is indiffokibly annexed to the manor of Hawfted ' ; no place 
 ean be fo proper as this to give fome account of it. The Uttle 
 therefore I have to fay about it, Ihall be thrown into the fame 
 order as was obferved in the foregoing compilation. 
 
 CHAP. i: 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY.. 
 
 THIS fpot was anciently called Herdwick^ and Herdwick TFoody 
 and the principal manfion has been long known by the name of 
 Hardwick Houfe. Its bounds are not disjoined from thofe of 
 Hawiled above half a mile; and it is furrounded by the pariflies 
 of Bury St. Edmund's, Horningffieath, and Nowton. It is con- 
 liderably elevated above the meadows contiguous to Bury ; and- 
 
 ! Seep. 75. 
 
 itir
 
 230 HISTORY AND A N T I.Q^tj i t I E S [Append. 
 
 its foil, like that at Hawfted, is fertile both in corn and palHire. 
 Chalk, gravel, and brick earth, are found at different depths 
 beneath the furface. The deeper flrata 1 had an opportunity of 
 examining in 061:ober I777> by tliggii^g a well clofe to my 
 houfe. Of thefe and their produdlions I iliall give an account 
 from the Ihort and hafty notes I took at the time. 
 
 I — 2 l^eet beneath a fliallow ftraturii of black vegetable mould 
 was a go(nl brick earth. At 1 8 inches, a water eft or newt 
 (lacerta palujlris) had formed a fraooth hole for its winter reii- 
 dence. 2 — 15 feet,, a yellowifh, compa<ft, and tough loam, 
 interfperfed with nodules of chalk of every degree of hardnefs, 
 flints, and llony concretions, containing bivalve fliells, fome 
 fmooth, fome tranfverlly ftriated, cornua ammonis, and! worm 
 fliells (ferpuia,) The common earth-worm (lumbricus ter-rejl'ris) 
 was found as deep as 3 feet, in a hard and yellowifh loam, driven.' 
 probably to that depth by the very dry fimimer preceding. At 
 6 feet, a roundiOi itone, about 20olb. weight, conlifting of a 
 very hard crult, lined with a tender criftallization, and- full of 
 water. t 5 — 17 feet, a bluifli loam interfperfed with fnake ftones 
 (helmintholithus ammonites)^ crow fiones (helniintboUthus gry- 
 phites), and thick oyftcr-fhells about 4 inches broad (ojlracites 
 maximusj rugojus et ajper^ of Lilfer, p. 236). At J7 feet, the 
 loam became of a ferrugineous colour ; and to this depth, in 
 feemingly fo unfriendly a foil, had penetrated fome finely- 
 branching vegetable fibres, perhaps tliofe of an old pear-tree, 
 that had ifood not far ofi'. At 20 feet, a ftratum of fand ; at 
 21, a foft fandy loam; 21 — 25, a Iharp yelknv fand, with 
 thunderbolts (helmintholithus belemnites). 25 — 28, coarfe gravel, 
 with large flints. 29, a yellowilli-loam. 29 — ^^35, a deep blue 
 loam, extremely dry ar.d tough, with large flints, a few fmall 
 pieces of mundic, and a fnake ftone impregnated with it. 
 35 — 49, the loam was flill very tough and dry, of a pale blue, 
 2, in
 
 Append.] OF H A R D W I C K. 231 
 
 in feme parts tinged with yelFow, and interfperfed with thunder- 
 bolts ; pieces of iron ore (one weighing about 5 ounces) ; of 
 raundic; of flate (Ibmething hke x\\q fcijlus tabular is ^ but fofter) 
 exhibiting the filvery imprcffions of very fniiall fnake ftones, or 
 j^erliaps nautih; one fpecimen of helmintholithus anomites n^'xvi^ 
 one of the (lar ftone (udminthoUthus ajleria columnaris) perfedly 
 cylindrical, confiiling only of 3 joints, and thofe a little Iwoln ; 
 it is Ibmething more than \ inch long, and nearly ^ in diameter, 
 the edges of the five-pointed liar finely notched '. 49 — 129, 
 chalk % the crull of which Was almoft as hard as limeflone ; after- 
 wards it became fofter, interfperfed with large flints, and lome 
 fmall roundifli malTes of yellow ocre ; at 91, it began to be 
 moift, and continued to grow more and more fo ; frequently 
 tinged with yellow; towards 112, the flints were much lefs fre- 
 quent; and between that and 118, a candle was foon extin- 
 guiflied, owing, the digger faid, to the air that iiPued from the 
 crevices of the chalk. At 120, a thick ponderous fliell % 
 tolerably perfecft, about 6 by 7 inches acrofs, w-ith 8 or 9 deep 
 circular furrows : fome fragments of this had appeared before. 
 At 129 feet, water guflied out of the Iblid chalk. The well has 
 at different times been fince deepened about 8 feet more, the 
 fame pure chalk continuing, with fragments of the great fliell. 
 The water curdles foap ; doubtlcfs from the particles of iron with 
 which the chalk is impregnated. 
 
 ' -See a curious engraving and defcription of tie animal, to a fpecie-s of which 
 this fofill belongs, and wMch was found at Barbadces Phil. TranL i"6i. p. 537. 
 
 * At Ickworth, the feat of the earl of Br'.ftol, about 3 rr.iles to viie north-weft, 
 when a well was ducr in 1781, the chalk was trom 67 to 175 Ject, at which latter 
 depth wafer was found. 
 
 From the appearance of this (the infide of which I was afraid of clearing from 
 the chalk) I had no doubt of its being a bivalve : but have been fince affured, it 
 is a Patella, and found in chalk about Dover, and other parts of Kent. 
 
 What
 
 132 HISTORY AND ANTIQ_UITIES [Append, 
 
 What a jumble has this earth, which we inhabit, undergone I 
 Subterraneous geography is a fubjecft of very curious invertigation. 
 I have added my mite towards its hiftory. 
 
 To the catalogue of plants at p. 3, may be fubjoined the fol- 
 lowing, whi: h grow very near the houfc : were I to allow^ myi'elf 
 an excurfion but of a few miles, the lift would be nobly en- 
 riched. 
 
 Tuberous Mofcliatel (Adoxa Mofchateliina) m (hady hedges. 
 
 Drop v\ort (Spiraa Jilipendula) on the heath. 
 
 W. ter avens (Geuai rivale) m a wood. 
 
 Bugle (Ajuga reptans. Bugula Flore riibro. Ray's Syn. 245) in a wood ', 
 
 Yellow Ntttle Hemp fGaleopJis Galeobdohn) in hedges. 
 
 Cominon Calaraint (Melijfa CaUumntaJ oa dry banks. 
 
 Shining Dove's-foot cranefbill (Geranium lucldum) in hedges. - 
 
 Crimlon grafs vetch (Lathyrus nijfolia) among grafs. 
 
 Yfllovv Vctchling (Lathyrus aphaca) among grafs. 
 
 Yellow-flowered Trefoil (Trifolmm ochroleucon) in paftures *. 
 
 Yellow Medick (Medtcago faicatd) on dry banks. 
 
 Woolly headed Thiltle (Carauus eriophorus) among grafs. 
 
 FirHydnuiii (H\dnum aurijcalpium) on half-rotten cones of Scotch firs. 
 
 Curled Eivela (Elvela mitraj on rotten wood. 
 
 The air is pure, and frequently clear, when the low grounds 
 near Bury are enveloped with fogs. Hence the vegetables in 
 this garden often remain uninjured by the froft, while thofe in 
 the gardens about the town fufFer greatly. 
 
 The uncertainty of our climate appears in nothing more, than 
 in the irregular advances or the fpring. This may be exempli- 
 fied by comparing the different times, when feveral vegetables 
 blolfom, in different feafons. The prefent fpring will afford one 
 extreme; and one not long paffed, that of the year 1779, the 
 
 ' This is a remarkable variety, wirh fmooth leaves, except that they are a little 
 fringed at the edge towards the bafe, and pink-coloured bloflbnis. The whole plant 
 IS much lels hairy than the common icrt, and of a much Tmaller fize. It continues the 
 fame when removed into the garden. 
 
 - It grows alio in the drieil and hardcH ftat:ons. 
 
 Other.
 
 Append.] 
 
 OF II A R D W I C K. 
 
 233 
 
 Other. The oblervations were made on the lame individuals in 
 and near the garden. 
 
 1779 
 
 1784 
 
 Difference 
 in days. 
 
 20 Feb. 
 
 15 April 
 
 54 
 
 9 March 
 
 16 April 
 
 33 
 
 6 April 
 
 15 May 
 
 i9 
 
 15 April 
 
 22 May 
 
 37 
 
 14 June 
 
 23 June ' 
 
 9 
 
 21 June 
 
 7 July 
 
 16 
 
 Apricot-tree 
 Wood Anemone 
 Apple- tree 
 "Wlnte Thorn 
 Vine 
 Lime-tree 
 
 It appears by this fliort table, that the greateft variation is in 
 the early part of the fpring ; there being a no ids difference than 
 54 days between the earlielt and lateft blolToming of the apricot 
 tree ; of the three next articles lefs than 40 ; and of the two 
 lart, lefs than 20. And fome other IbliHtial plants, fuch as 
 Sedums, St. John's Worts, Thiftles, Sec. I never knew to vary 
 above 10 or 12 days, whatever the preceding feafon might 
 have been. 
 
 Of the remarkable frofls of laft fummer, v/hich, literally 
 " Fell in the frelli lap of the crimfon Rofe." 
 I Was going to give fome account in this place ; when I was in- 
 formed that the Royal Society propofed doing me the honour to 
 print, in their next publication, a paper which I had laid before 
 them on the fubje^t. 
 
 That very beautiful bird, and the fmallefl: of any Englifli one, 
 the golden crefted wren (MotacUla Regulus), is a conftant inha- 
 bitant of the garden. In it are alfo found the briftly fnaii (Helix 
 hifpida)^ the_ Iharp fnail (Helix lapicida)^ and the T'urbo btdens. 
 
 There is no place properer than this, where I may mention 
 a cultom which I have twice feen pradiifed in this garden, within 
 a few years, namely, that of drawing a child through a cleft 
 
 ' I have rarely obferved the vine to blofibm earlier than this year, and the caufe 
 of this torwardnefs was the remarkably warm May, when it made its firft efforts of 
 Vegetation, 
 
 H h treej
 
 234 HISTORY AND A N T I Q^U I T I E S [Append. 
 
 tree. For this purpofe, a young afli was each time felecfted, and 
 fplit longitudinally about 5 feet ; the fiffure was kept wide open 
 by my gardener, while the friend of the child, having firft 
 ftripped him naked, pafled him thrice through it, always head 
 foremoft. As foon as the operation was performed, the wounded 
 tree was bound up with packthread ; and as the bark healed, the 
 child was to recover. The firft of thefe young patients was to 
 be cured of the rickets ; the fecond of a rupture. About the 
 former I had no opportunity of making any inquiry : but I fre- 
 quently faw the father of the latter, who affured me, that his 
 child, without any other affiftance, gradually mended, and at 
 laft grew perfedly well. 
 
 Doctor Borlafe, in his Antiquities of Cornwall, p. 178. men- 
 tions a cuftom pradifed in that part of the ifland, which is ana- 
 logous to that juft recited. There is a ftone, he fays, in the pariOi 
 of Marden, with a hole in it, i 4 inches diameter, through which, 
 he was informed by an intelligent neighbouring farmer, many 
 perfons had crept for pains in their backs and limbs ; and that 
 fanciful parents, at certain times of the year, do cuftomarily 
 draw their children through, to cure tliem of the rickets. 
 
 The author adduces many more inftances of the fuppofed 
 efficacy of perfons paffing through, or between the parts of, 
 various fubftances : but for them I muft refer to the work itfelf. 
 Yet I cannot help remarking how curious it is, that the eaftern 
 and wefxern extremities of the kingdom flTould coincide in this 
 fingular cuftom, the fpirit of which is certainly deduced from 
 the remoteft antiquity ; and of which the hiftorians of the in- 
 terior parts have nor, as far as 1 at prefcnt recollecSt, taken any 
 notice. Men of education laugh, and with reafbn, at Inch idle 
 pra<5Vices ; but the common people, untutored by philofophy, 
 tranimit them for ages from father to fon, and fliew us how our 
 anceftors thought and adled, thoufands of years ago. 
 
 CHAP.
 
 Append.] ;0 F H A R D W I C K, 835 
 
 n A P. IL 
 
 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 
 
 THIS muft of neceffity be reduced within the narroweft 
 compafs, in treating of an extraparochial place. The few in- 
 habitants have ^enerallv relbited to the neiohbourinff churches 
 at Bury, for divine fervice. I have, however, in my pofTeffion 
 two archiepifcopal hcences for a private chapel here, granted to 
 the laft Sir Robert Drury and his widow. And as forms of this 
 fort are not, I believe, very common, the printing of them may 
 have its ufe ; and it may alfo perhaps amufe the curious to com- 
 pare them with the i)apal one already given, at p. 120. 
 
 dPCdgius Providentia divina Caii.uarienfis archiepifcopus, totius Aiiglie primas 
 et ir.ctropolitanus, ad quern omnis ec omnimoda jurildictio fpiritualis et ecclcliallica, 
 in diocefi Norwicenfi, Cantuarienfi provincie, ratione viiitationis noftre metropolice 
 ibidem notorie dignofcitur pertinere, univerfis et fingulis clericis et literatis aliilque 
 in eadem provincia ad qiios hec pervenient, falutem. Cutil dileflus nofter magilter 
 Thomas Ridley legum Dodlor, vicarius nofter in fpiritualibus generalis in vifitatione 
 noftra mctropolicica infra diocci'jm Norwicenfem predidtam rite et legitime pro- 
 cedens, decretum fuum ad effeftiim infra fcriptum ex certis caufis interpofLierit, ad 
 petitionem venerabilis viri Roberti Drurie militis, ejufdem diocefeos et provincie, 
 juttitia id poiccnte -, tJObtS igitur per prelentes fignificamus et intimamus, quod 
 licentiam et facuitatem dedimus et concefrimus, et per prel'en-es dimius et conce- 
 dimus prefaro domino Roberto Drurie, quo ipfe dominus Robercus Drurie pofiit, fi 
 voluerit, intra domum fuam communiter vocatam Hardwick Houfe, in dicceii pre- 
 difta, dc tempore in tempus preces communes ac conciones habere, et facramenta 
 ct facramentalia ibidem celebrari facere, donee capella ibidem edificabltur, debite 
 coniervanda. Ac ut liceat eidem domino Roberto Drurie cu:n uxore lua et ramulis 
 fuis, ac viduis quibufcumque in holpitali luo ibidem edilicato de tempo) e in tempus 
 habitantibus, preces communes et conciones, ac iacra et facramentalia in dicVa 
 domo lua audire et recipere. Quodque nos ulrerius dil'dum noftrum Richardum 
 Brabon, facre theologie Bacchalaureum, ad officium prelbiterj, ac ad preces com- 
 4k' H h 2 munes
 
 2j6 HISTORY AND A N T I Ci U I T I E S [Append. 
 
 miines et divin;i, ac facramenta et facramentalia de tempore in tempus infra didam 
 donuim vocaram Havdvvick Houfe, dicendum, legendum, predicandum, et m.ni- 
 firandum deputavimus et afiignavimus, ficque dcputannis et afllgnamus. Ac quod 
 eidem domino Roberto Drurie (prefato Richardo Brabon impedito) bene licebit 
 alium quemcLimque idoneum clericum ad premifT^ ibidem facicnda et celebranda 
 de tempore in tempus (quamdiu Inijus t'acultatis et licencie nollre decretum durabit) 
 affignare et deputare. 3Jit mjUS rct teftimoutum figillum ' officii vicarii noliri in 
 fpiritualibus generalis anredifti prefentibus apponi k-cimus. HDattim Tub eodem 
 figillo vicellmo fexto die rnenfis Jfulii, anno Domini milefimo fexcentelimo decimo 
 tertio *. 
 
 T II O. R I D L E Y. 
 
 As the above licence was granted only to Sir Robert Driiry, 
 and till he flioukl fit up a chapel, his widow, I luppofe, found it 
 neceiTary to procure the following one. 
 
 Cco<JgilIS Providentia divina Cantuarienfis archiepifcopus, totius Anglic primas 
 et metropolitanus, dilede nobis in Clirifto Domine Anne Drury vidue relide domini 
 Roberti Drury nuper dum vixit de Hardwick prope oppidum Bury Sandli Edmundi, 
 in comitatu SufFolcienli militis defundi, lalutem. Cuni nuper in noltra vifuatione 
 metropolitica diocefeos Norwicenfis licentiam dido marito tuo jam demortuo, tibi- 
 que et lilieris veftris conceffimus habendi oratorium in edibus tuis de Hard'v^ick pre- 
 di£tis, loci;mque commodum in diitis edibus ailignavimus per llipervifionem alt- 
 quorum Mde dignorum virorum, ubi divine pieces fingulis diebus fellivis et pro- 
 feflis vobis et famille veftre per idoneum miniftrum legi et pronuntiari potuiflent. 
 Et jam ab eodem tempore nobis icla-.um fit, quod tu difium oratorium ua piobe 
 ornaveris, ut majorem ardorem in iiominum animis accenderet ad divina officia in 
 eodem loco exeqiicnda. Et fimul infinuEJum nobis eft, diftas edes tuas de Hard- 
 wick olim pertinuiffe ad Coenobium live monafterium Sanfti Edmundi predidti, ita 
 ut facile colligi non poteft, intra cujus ecclcfie fines dictt edes fcite funr, et com- 
 munis opinio magis efl: didlas edes extra fines er linsiri-s cuj jiquam p^.rochie fcitas 
 efl'e : ideo ex uberiore gratia noflra ad humiiem petiuonem tuam tibi concedir.ius, 
 ut non iblum Inabeas licentiam peragcndi divinas preces matutinas et vefpertinas 
 fingulis diebus domiMicis et tcftivis m aifto loco ; i'ed etia. i iacras condones ha- 
 bendi, ct lacramentum cotne dcmini ibidem celebrandi, quoties vel per advcrfam 
 tuam valetudinem, auc per ceii intempenam commode adeccleliam Burienfem ac- 
 cedere non poffis, inodu id cures iieri per idoneum minillrum verbi divini, execu- 
 tionem lui officii in fe habentcm, inorigerum er modefl^uni, oblequentem in omnibus 
 et per omnia kgibus et canonibus ecclelie Anglicane prout jam funt in ufu, Atque 
 inluper ut omnia decore et cuni tteente apparatu fiart, prout pare*':, n omnibus 
 
 ' It is of red wax, engraven of the lame fize, in the plate of "^eals, N° IT.- 
 » Si;hjoined to::.is u a iimilar licence lo Sir Robert for a i;ri\ate cLapcl at Saarefliill, near Thet- 
 ford, winch ■('. asm-: ncliided in the '-ounils of any parilh, bo that, what is Ibiiietliin^ remarkable, 
 .Sir Robert was proprietor of two extrapaiochial houfes, ' ' ■ 
 
 hujufmoU^
 
 Append.] OF H A R D W I C K. '237 
 
 Inijufmodi divinis minifteilis obeundis, durante vita tua natural!. Jtl ttlJtIS rci 
 tcfftmoilttim figillum vicarii noRri in Ipiritualibus gcneralis preltntibus apponi te- 
 cimus. IDattmi decimo quarto die mcnfis Martii, anno Domini milefimo lexcen- 
 tefimo decimo lexto (Itilo Anglic) et noltre tranflacionis anno fexto. 
 
 T II O. RIDLEY. 
 
 It is diificult to alTign a reafon why the archbifliop Mas ap- 
 pHed to for the above hcences, as the bifliop of the diocefe was 
 furely competent to have granted them. The fecond is re- 
 markably faulty, both in the reciting part,, and in grammar, as 
 well as orthography ; the errors in the laft of which it did not 
 feem necelfary to preferve. The place affigned for the chapel by 
 the vicar general, upon the furvey of proper perfons, is a damp 
 and uiicomfortable apartment ; and gives one an opportunity of 
 contrarting the hardinefs of former times with the exceflive ten- 
 dernefs and delicacy of the prefent : for even the poor alms- 
 houfe women would now be almoft afraid of fitting an hour in 
 this room, which was fixed upon as an oratory for a lady of. 
 fafliion in the laft century. 
 
 G HA P. IIL 
 
 PROPRIETORS. 
 
 THIS eftate appears to have been in the crown till the reign 
 of Stephen ; for the Regijirum Sacrijia ' mentions a deed of that 
 monarch, dated at Bury, and witnefled by Robert de Ver, which 
 gave the monks of St. Edmund, and their cellerer, free and 
 quiet polTeflion of Herdwick ; and in the Monaflicon "' it is re- 
 cited among his donations to the monaflery. From its vicinity 
 
 ' M. S. B. 
 
 ^ V. I. p. 255. where it is milprinted Herwick. '"' 
 
 y to
 
 238 HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES [Append. 
 
 to that voitex, it is much it had not been before abfoibcd by it. 
 It continued in the hands of the abbey till ^he Difrolution. Tra- 
 dition reports, that it was the abbot's dairy ; which is probable 
 enough, both from its na^iie, and its being a tradl of woody 
 paitures. The principal houfe, it is alfo faid, was his occafional 
 refidence : but no part of the i'>refent building is of any con- 
 fiderable antiquity, except a fpacious chimney under ground ; fo 
 that no idea can be formed of what its ancient grandeur was. 
 Some of the abbatial villas, we know, were njagnificent ; for 
 abbot Sampfon, who died in i 2 1 1, built Redgrave Hall ' of Ifone. 
 After the Diffolution, I conjedture (for I fpeak not from 
 vouchers), this eftate remained fome time in the crown; and that 
 queen Mary granted it to the family of Southwell ; in which, 
 hovvever, it continued not long; for on the 19th of April, 1610, 
 Sir Robert Drury purchafed it of Thomas Stanton, Merter ; and 
 on the i 8th of March following, annexed it, as we have already 
 feen, for ever, to the manor of Ha^vfted. He appears to have 
 been pleafed with the fpot, making it his feat for fome time be- 
 fore his death ; and his widow died here. It was for for.ie time 
 the refidence of my father ; as it has been mine, for thefe laft 20 
 years. The houfe is fingularly fituate upon the very line that 
 divides the open and wood-land country ; commanding a very 
 pleafing view of the town of Bury, and its neighbourhood. 
 
 ^ This eftate (about 16 miles nor^h-eaft uf Bury), once the property of the Bacons, 
 was purchafed by lord chief juftice Hclt, and is now enjoyed by his defcendant, 
 Rowland Holt, efq; who has, within a few years, re-built the houfe, and embellifhed 
 the park in fuch a manner, as to render this one of the mod beautiful I'pots in the 
 county. In the evidence room, I am iniormed, are preferved many very valuable 
 MSS. which, with the defrription of the fine church and its monuments, would 
 render the hiftory of the parilh exceedingly curious and interefting. 
 
 CHAP.
 
 Append.] O F H A R D W I C K. 239 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 OF AGRICULTURE, 8CC. 
 
 WERE I in pofleffion of more materials than I am for this 
 head, the ufe of them would probably be fuperfluoiis, as they 
 could fcarcely differ from thofe of which I have already availed 
 myfelf at Hawfted, 
 
 It muft not, however, be omitted, that Harckvick Heath has 
 for fome years been famous for one of the fineft flocks of flieep 
 in the county. It confifts of about 250 ewes, 50 Hoggets ', and 
 5 rams % the latter of which are found amply fufficient for con- 
 tinuing a ftrong and full-fized race. They are horned, and have 
 black faces and legs. This is noticed, as the variety of flieep 
 in difi^erent parts of the kingdom is a circumflance not a little 
 remarkable. 
 
 I have queflioned the farmer (who is himfelf a very fkilful 
 fhepherd), by what management he has brought his flock to its 
 prefent degree of perfe(ftion : and he informs me, that his firfl: 
 objed: was to procure fome of the befl: rams which the county 
 produced ^ And as a ftate of perfect flrength and growth is, 
 
 ' Lambs kept for the recruit of the flock, and fo called till after their firft fhcar- 
 ing. which, in this flock, is, vvlien they are about 16 months old. Their firft 
 fleece is called Bog-wool j it is much longer and flner than the fucceeding ones, and 
 uicd for Felt Hats. 
 
 ^ Whit a (ianiricant grin would the (hepherd beftow upon me, were I to tell 
 him, frorr M. Dau':enton's " nitrudion pour les Bergcrs," that if he wouid not 
 entceble his rams, nor have his lambs degenerate, he Ihouid not afllgn even to the 
 ftouteft of the former more than 20 ewes at moft a piece ! 
 
 * This was judicious. Palladius gives the fame dired;ion relative to oxen ; 
 " melius au:tm boves de vicinis lucis comparabis, quod nulla foli aut aeris varietate 
 " tententur." Martius, tit. xi. 
 
 6 through
 
 240 HISTORY AND A N T I QJJ ITI E S [Append, 
 
 through all animated naturcj the moft proper for bringing forth 
 a vigorous offspring, he never v;illingly fulrers his hoggets to 
 have lambs ' ; nor often keeps his ewes after they are five years 
 old ; for though thefe latter would fometimes breed till twice 
 that age, yet, after five years, their produce becomes gradually 
 more and more weak and diminutive. The rams begin to decline 
 in vigour, after four or five years of age, and are then difcharged 
 from their fervice. But all this care would avail nothing, if he 
 did not mofl cautiouily avoid overftocking his fticep-walk. Mis 
 neighbours have frequently endeavoured to jierfuade him to in- 
 crcafe his number ; but he has always declined it, being con- 
 fidentj that his flieep would thereby foon dwindle and degenerate, 
 and himfelf become a lofer ". A Iheep is a moft voracious 
 animal ; yet extremely choice and delicate in its food ; to bring 
 it therefore to its greateft perfeclion, and to keep it to that pitch, 
 it muft have frequent and even continual Ihifts of pafture. To 
 this every polTible attention is here paid : and the careful huf- 
 bandry of turneps, in the fpring, before-mentioned, is not 
 omitted. 
 
 When bleeding is necefTary, it is ufually performed at one 
 corner of the eye ; fometimes at the upper part oi the tail ; and 
 fometimes the ear is cut \ 
 
 ' Varro carries this point to a great length ; " neque pati oportet minores qviam 
 " triinas faliri, quod neque naium ex his idoneum cit, nee non ipia: iiunt etiam 
 " deteriores." I.. 11. C. 2. 
 
 ^ Good lenfe is the fame in all ages. This is the very dofinne laid down by 
 
 Cokimella leventeen centuries ago: " Omni autem pecudi larga prjEOenda func 
 
 " ali:nenta. Nam vel exiguus numerus, c.im pabiilo latiatur, plus d(;mino reddit, 
 
 '" quam maximus grcx, li Icnlerit penuriaai." L. VlJ. C. 3, Farmers are not, in 
 
 general, fuffi.:iently attentive to this maxim. 
 
 ' Two of tlicfe operations are mentioned by Columella; " nos ctiam fub ocoHs, 
 " et de auribtis, I'anguinem dctrahmius." L. VII. C. 5. The Vi!gili.;n nictnod 
 ■.was, 
 
 — — — — — inter 
 
 Ima fciire pedis falientera fanguine venam. Georg. III. 459. 
 
 It
 
 Append.] O F H A R D W I C K. 241 
 
 It is contrived, that the lambs fall about the end of February;' 
 and in Augult following they are fold at Ipfwich fair for about' 
 13I. a fcore. They are thence conveyed to the rich paitures in 
 Effex ; and the year after often pafs in the London markets for 
 three years old mutton. 
 
 This was one of the three flocks in the environs of Bury that 
 belonged to the abbot ; and confifted, before the Diifolution, and 
 indeed for Tome time afterwards, entirely of wethers, as ap- 
 pears by a Computus for Hencote^ near Bury, 32 Henry VIII. 
 now in the Exchequer ", in which the former accounts for i ol. 5s. 
 rent for the faid farm ; of which 35s. were for the pafiurage of 
 three hundred and a half of flieep, vocat. kz zvelbers, which 
 "ufed to be kept for the houfehold of the monaftery. 
 
 Saffron was formerly cultivated not far from the houfe ; for 
 in the defcription of the bounds of the Iheep-walk in 1581, 
 mention is made of the Safforne Pane. This vegetable was 
 anciently in great repute both in the kitchen, and apcjthecary's 
 fliop : but all-ruling fafliion, which decrees that what wa;; 
 wholefome, and even palatable, in one century, fliall nc^t i)e "io 
 in another, has now almoft baniflied it from both \ 
 
 * This name is now almoft entirely fwallowed n[i in that of Hardwick, the two 
 eftates having been let together ever fmce i6jj9. It comprehends the unencloled 
 part of the jirefcnt farm, which lies within the bounds of Bury, and was granted to 
 Sir William Drury by Queen Mary. 
 
 * For a copy of this, and for feveral other favour^, I am indebted to Craven 
 Ord, Efq, Many gentlemen in office difplay a libcnility of communication, with- 
 out which, works like the prefcnt cculd with difficulty be conducted. I have 
 already mentioned another inftance at p. 14. and cannot partion myfclt if I ( mit ;i 
 third, John Charles Brooke, Efq; Somcrfet Herald. . 
 
 ^ bee p. 1 90. 
 
 I i: I N DE X.:
 
 C 243^ I 
 
 N 
 
 D 
 
 E 
 
 X. 
 
 A: 
 
 Jik', 127. 
 
 Ailington, 30. 
 
 Altars marked with crofTeSj 48. 
 
 portable, 122. 
 
 • money paid at, 114, 177. 
 
 Angels, figures of, 45. 
 
 Apnfile j'poons, 209. 
 
 Jipri et verris likri.Sj 85. 
 
 Arches circular in comparatively modern 
 
 buildings, 44, 
 Archicerts ancient, loved variety, 43. 
 Archiredture of tlie reign of Edw. HI. 92 
 Argent o>!, 50. 
 Artichokes, 208. 
 Attilicindo, 12.. 
 jiuce maroly 185. 
 Ave Marie beads, 2 7 . 
 Award ancient, 109. 
 
 B. 
 
 Babivell, the friars there, 16, 17. 19., J04. 
 
 Bacon, :2. 56. 123. 
 
 Bailiff of a aianor, 102.. 
 
 Bands worn by p&rlons of no prcfefTion 
 
 even i.i this century, i6j. 
 Banqucting-houle, i&i. 
 Rcije iowt, 131. 
 
 Beads, 26. 51. 52. 
 
 Bedrepes, 189. 
 
 Bells, 49. 
 
 Berkley of Stratton, John Lord, €0. 
 
 Boar, free, 85. 
 
 Bocbas, of LyJgatc's makyng, 119. 
 
 Bokenbaiii,.g8. 
 
 Brafs figures defcribed, 50, 51. 
 
 Bred tor board, 208. 
 
 Brewing pcrtormed by women, 12. 
 
 Broeus, 183. 
 
 Brothers adult, of the fame Chriflian. 
 name, 100. 
 
 Buffed iiool, 25. 
 
 Buildings, their ages afcertained, 41. 
 
 Bul/nong, or Boiymong, 187. 
 
 Burials loon utter death, 147. 
 
 Burying on the louih fide of the church- 
 yard,, 38, 
 
 C. 
 
 Camping, 11^. 
 
 C<'.'/.v/,.ai Day, ic. 14,* 
 
 CahLorpe, 41, 51. 
 
 Ciipei, ^''. 
 
 Qrpons, 185. 
 
 Carpet Cujijimis, 126. 
 
 Knights, 14?. 
 
 Caitle, &c. prices of, i85, 188. 
 Caving, 219. 
 
 1 i 2 Chaaiber?, .
 
 N 
 
 D 
 
 X. 
 
 Cliainbcrs at Canibridge not hanged in 
 
 i6jr, /3S'. 
 ChandK'i", cciing of the dead by him, 12. 
 Cliaphiin, Q. 
 Chcejibreih, ?oS. 
 CJjirograpbinn, 178. 
 
 Chivalry, a writ out of the court of, 107. 
 thrijlmas OJ/'tri/igs, made bv' mafic rs lor 
 
 their Icrvants, 14. 
 (.'hriRiiias Ilofpirality, 157. 
 (rhurch-l'orch, moiiL\' paici at, 76. 
 Church-Yard, Cuuntry, reflexions in, 35. 
 (Yc/i/cM family, 47. 6;. pedigree, ioi"i5t 
 Chthiiig Silver, 14. 102. 
 ( '.lover, 217. 
 
 tMoyllers>for wa-lking, i j^* 
 Coaches, 209, 
 Coc(:'j Ovurb, 40. 
 
 C.tifeys, or cliefis, not trifling legacies, t 2C). 
 Coffin Lids fervcd a« pare of the pa\-e- 
 ment, 50. 
 
 Coke Arundel, 163. 
 
 Colder, 219. 
 
 Comraunioji Table, 47. 
 
 Conveyance, a fliort one, r^^. 
 
 Corn Mill, a manerial right, 8 j. 
 
 Corn, ancient prices of, 180. 186 — 8. 
 
 Cor'poras. Cnrporas Ciifc, ii8. 
 
 Cover for (he font, 46. 
 
 Cawclj-d "J acinic, atiltalian artid, 57. 
 
 Croflcs, 39. 
 
 Cruets, I I H. 
 
 Cultural family, 57 — iS.'. 68. 152—64. 
 pciiigrer, 15^. 
 
 Cumnun leed, 85. 
 
 Curat, i.\, 25. 64. 
 
 Cujiiiiiiarii, 96. 
 
 D. 
 
 Deeds ancien', dated on Snnd,-i"s, \o6. 
 
 • why with many uitnefli-s, 175. 
 
 Deiifton. 50. 
 
 Dome, o\' Bcok, 2. 
 
 Dome, Dr. 56. 146. 
 
 .Data d tree<, 216. 
 
 Dowjnig, IVaiiam, a fanatic reformer, 45. 
 
 Dra'^et, Dre.ige, 180. 
 
 Drainage ofland, 22! 
 
 Drawing matches by horfes, 222. 
 
 Dreifes of ti.e fexes alike, 52. 
 
 d.fcnbed, 50—53. 156—7. 
 
 1 6:; — 4. 
 £>r«;_y family, iy. 31. 50. 52, S3- 45- 
 
 115 — 148. peJigree, 115. 
 
 E^re. Eareahle land, 198. 
 
 Eafter O&rings for lervants, 9. 
 
 licclefiaflics diffufed civilization, 8.— their 
 influence over mankind, 9. — afllfted 
 at making wills, ■ ^. — prcferved re- 
 cords, 78. 80. — were good landlords, 
 90. — excefTcs committed by them, 
 105. 
 
 Edgar, 65. 
 
 Education, female, in the reign of Eliza- 
 beth, 154. 
 
 Eggs, odd number of, 227. 
 
 Eland, 107 — 10. 
 
 Eledion, polls for the county, 161. 
 
 Elizabeth, Slueen, her ^ rogrefs in 157S, 
 130. — very accompliflied, 15^. 
 
 Enibalming of the dead expenlive, 13. 
 
 Emblems and mottos, 135. 
 
 hrpingbam, 103. 
 
 E-van^<;elett fatis, 208. 
 
 Exhibition, 128. 
 
 Dance, the painter, i 64. 
 
 Da}c, Di.) o( Dcyar, a fervant, 9. 103. 
 
 182. 
 Death, emblems of, improper for fu- 
 
 nerol momiments, 55. 
 Deaths, proportion ot, 6. 
 
 E. 
 
 Fifh. Fifh ponds, 11. i\i. 
 
 Eitz Eujhice, S. 6;^. 82. 91. 105. 
 
 Flint- work, 41. 
 
 Fold, right of, 85. Font,
 
 I 
 
 N 
 
 E 
 
 X. 
 
 «55 
 
 '■"Font , 46. 
 
 Forged writing difc^dvered, 1 10. 
 Fortunes for yotijg women, 128. 
 Fountains in courts, 132. 
 Funteleys, 1 18. 
 Fulham, rev. John, 6l. 
 Funeral Feftivals, 10. 15. 162. 
 Fur, ule of general, 12. 141. 
 Fuji ia as pair oj, 118. 
 Fyli't, 95. 
 
 Gflge, ,95. in Clopton Pedigree, loi." 
 
 Gardener, 51. 
 
 Gardens, 93. 
 
 Garnjh of veflel, i 2 7. 
 
 Gaudes, 26. 
 
 Geldings, i86. 204. 
 
 Geography fubterraneous, 230. 
 
 Glafs windows, 209. 
 
 Godcliildren, 15. 25. 
 
 Gojpci oaky 2. 
 
 Grain, ancient prices of, 180. 6, 7, 8. 
 
 Green-houfe by Mr. Evelyn, 160. 
 
 Gylde Hall — ancient -G;7^j, 20. 
 
 Hall, Bifhop, 64. 
 
 Haljlede, 80, 81. 
 
 Hanmer, 70. 140. 156. 162. 
 
 Hanningfekl, 50. 
 
 Har-iis, 184. 
 
 Harvefl gloves, J90. 226. 
 
 Hiiyi/ig, 198. 
 
 Helmintholitbus Ammonites, 5. 
 
 Grythites, 5. 
 
 Hercules, figure of, 131. 
 
 Heriettum, 96. 
 
 High ways, legacies to repair, 15. 20. 
 
 Hockey, 227. 
 
 Roger ells, 185, 
 
 Hoggets, 239. 
 IJog-zvool, 239. 
 Hops, Hopy.irds, 202. 
 ■ Horles, Suffolk, 222. 
 Hojfiliamciits, 17. 
 Hour-glals for the pulpit, 34, 
 Moufc of the Elizabethan age Uefcribed, 
 
 130. 
 Hujbands, Pollard- trees, 214. 
 
 I. 
 
 Jacob's well, 6. 
 
 Ink ancient, 92. no. 179^ 
 
 of gold, 76. 
 
 Jocalia, Jozveliys, 17. 
 Julian's Bowers, 113. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kaiiffman Angelica, \>oxU^\ti by, 16^, 
 Kendal a ccat of, 16. 
 King's Arms in churches, 49. 
 Kirtle and mantle diftinguiflied, 24. 
 Knacker, 207. 
 Knights 'Templars, 49. 
 •— Carpet, 143. 
 
 L. 
 
 Lamps, Lamp-Lond. iS. 
 
 Lancet windows, 43. 
 
 Land, rent of, 176. 183, 4. 196, 7. ao"®. 
 
 207. 224. 
 Largefs, 226. 
 
 Leafes ancient, 175, 6, 7. 193, 
 Le^onic, 47. 
 
 Leedes, Edward, the Grammarian, 15S, 9. 
 Lely, Sir Peter, fine portraits b)', 156, 7. 
 Letters faftened with wax and filk, 15^. 
 Licence, papal for a chapel, 120. 
 proteftant, 235. 
 
 Liveries. Livery fervants, 129. 
 
 Matm
 
 H^- 
 
 N D E 
 
 X; 
 
 M. 
 
 Manor, S^, I43> 
 
 Mafers, 119. 
 
 Mafles for the dead, 1 5 j 
 
 Merchettuni, 96. 
 
 Metcatje, 63. 
 
 Middilton, <)?., 
 
 MiU-lioufc, 201. 
 
 Money paid at a church-porch, 7i5j . 
 
 • at altars, -14, 177. 
 
 Monuments iepulchra], 3 2, 49, &x,, 
 Morkrth, 11, 
 
 Nativ'i., 95. 
 
 2^ine o'clock, «(3«rt, 96, 
 
 .Nof/, 63. 79.81. 83. 86t, 
 
 0. 
 
 Qafmeal, i8j. 
 
 Offering ftlver, paid'ty cuflomary tenants 
 
 to their lords, at Chnllmas, ^14. 95. 
 Offerings by mailers for their rervants,i4, 
 Orgayns, two payer'in a fmall chancel, 34. 
 Oxen kept for labour, 184. 224, 
 their horns anointed with honeyji.85. 
 
 P. 
 
 Fciir of Beads, tJo'. 
 
 • Pater nojlers, 265.^7,. 
 
 Parirti, 214. 
 
 Parks, increafe of, 20 lo 
 
 Tarrock, 210. 
 
 Pepper, 86.. 
 
 Fews in churches, /14, . 
 
 Pewter, 127.- 
 
 Peyton,, n 3- 
 
 Pikes in England in 12S1, 11. 
 
 P^t.Les, 36, 37. 58. 67. 
 
 xlace, or luunljon^houlc, 5^0, 
 
 Plane trees 2. 
 
 Plants, lift of, 3. 232. 
 
 Plalter ancient, 140. 
 
 Plate, price of in 1557, 1260. 
 
 Plough driver, i 88. 
 
 Pok, 210. 
 
 Poor mens box, 34, 
 
 Poors Rates, 157. i6a» 
 
 Population, 89.165. 
 
 Pofnets, iz-j. 
 
 Powder-box, perfumed powder, 118,' 
 
 Powdering room, 132. 
 
 Pox fmallj the dread of jt, 159. 
 
 Prccfufttus, 19,2. 
 
 Prayers for the dead, oblervations on, 29, , 
 
 Preachers, their names to be regiftered in 
 
 a book, 3g. 
 Brimer 118. 
 PMVfhes Suffolk, 222. 
 
 R.. 
 
 Reaper head, 97, 192. 
 
 Records civil, bound up with religious 
 
 books, .80. 
 Recftors, lift: of, 6g. 
 Regifters, church, 68. 'j's^i 
 Ringing of bells, 10. 19. 
 Roff, Solomon de, his Iter, 84, 
 Romefcot, 14, 
 Rood-loft, 18. 48. 
 Rook wood, 95. 
 
 Rofes, a relerved rent, v/hy, loSi, 
 Role- trees, 208. . 
 
 Rove, 2 1 7. 
 
 Rulhes for chambers, 104. . 
 Rye-.grafs, 217. 
 
 S. 
 
 Sacnng belt, ■:;^. 
 Saffron, 190. 2^1. 
 Saint Afaur, 41. 51. 
 Salt Petre, i c^o. 
 
 S:ckckr.
 
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