QC 871 U53 UC-NRLF 15 S5M DOCUMENTS IEPT. CO TJ- C\J to o LU r.afflentB Documents Dert. 6ms U&3 \ -.sf DEPT. "WAR DEPARTMENT, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SIGNAL OFFICER, WASHING- :y, D. C., Jme 0, 18S1. Special Orders') No. 00. , j I. By direction of the Secretary of War the following-named officers and enlisted men are assigned to duty as the expeditionary force to Point BafrbW, Alaska Territory : IT. First Lieutenant P. H. ay, 8th Infantry, Acting Signal Officer, is hereby assigned to the command of the expedition, and is charged with the execution of the orders and instructions given below. He will forward all re- ports and observations to the Chief Signal Officer, who is charged with the control and supervision of the expedition. III. As soon as practicable Lieutenant Ray will sail with his party from San Francisco for Point Barrow, lat. 71- 27 N., long. 156 D 15' W. .. Beech, and establish there a permanent station of observation, to be occupied until the summer of 1884, when he will return here, unless other orders reach him. The vessel conveying him to his destination will not be detained at the per- mdnent station longer than is necessary to unload the stores. Brig. Bvi. Maj. Gen'l, Chief Signal Officer, V. S. A, 1st Lievt' -1.7 Atiii' signal 0' 065 WAR DEPARTMENT, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SIGNAL OFFICER; WASHINGTON, D. 0., June 0, 1881. INSTRUCTIONS ~\ No. 00. j The following general and detailed instructions will govern in the estab- lishment and management of the expedition organized under Special Orders No. ^, dated, War Department, Office of the Chief Signal Officer, Wash- ington, D, C., - -. 1881. The permanent station will be established at the most suitable point in the vicinity, and, if practicable, at or in the immediate neighborhood of Point Barrow (Beechey), Alaska Territory. (Latitude 71 27' N. ; longitude 156 a 15' W.) The vessel should, on arrival at the permanent station, discharge her cargo with the utmost dispatch and at once be ordered to return to San Francisco California. Before permitting the vessel to leave, a careful examination of the vicinity will be made and the exact site chosen for the permanent station will be located in latitude and longitude, and a report in writing will be sent by the returning vessel. By the same means will be sent a transcript of all meteorological and other observations made during the voyage, and also a list of apparatus and stores known to be broken, missing and needed, to be supplied next year. After the departure of the vessel, the energies of the party should first be devoted to the erection of the houses required for dwellings, stores, and observ- atories. Careful attention will be given to the collection of specimens of the animal, mineral and vegetable kingdoms. These collections are to be made as complete as possible and are to be considered the property of the government of the United States, and are to be at its disposal. Special instructions regarding the meteorological, magnetic, tidal, pendu- lum and such other observations as were recommended by the Hamburg Inter- national Polar conference, are transmitted herewith. It is contemplated that the permanent -station shall be visited in 1882, 1883 and 1884 by a steam or sailing vessel, by which supplies for, and such additions to, the present parly as are deemed needful will be sent. Lists of stores, required to be sent by the next season's vessel, will be forwarded by such returning boat. I ^*<%^t V ' -^ , s ^ s - ^* 5*: v ?5t^ sy \ rt ' v i^i* I : 4Tl W '^ ^'- : / V 1? lv^ ; ^ v." .' * -4 *> - i" 4 4.? 5 ; - < i > Z * * i I > lisp*: s sj W*$ *K&%&# x --^ ^ ^ AS J . o <, I r i ^ 4 ' L- ,-(,{ f* -, -._ .., i -f >. ~"^; (/ =2/ The subject of fuel and native food-supply, its procurement and pre- servation, will receive your full and careful attention, as soon after the estab- lishment of your posts, as practicable. Full reports upon this subject will be expected. In case of any fatal accident or permanent disability happening to Lieuten- ant Ray, the command mil devolve on the officer next in seniority, who will be governed by these instructions. Brig. $ Btt. Maj. Chief Signal Officer, 0. S. A, OFFICIAL : Lieutenant, 2d Artillery, Acting Signal Officer. r ?'" ^ - *-' INSTRUCTIONS. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE COMMANDING OFFICERS OF TflE INTER- NATIONAL POLAR STATIONS OCCUPIED BY THE SIGNAL SERVICE AT POESTT BARROW, ALASKA, 1. Regular meteorological and other observations will be maintained uninter- ruptedly, both at sea and at the permanent station, in accordance with in- structions issued to Signal Service observer? and those contained in the accom- panying extract from the proceedings of the Hamburg conference, to which special notes are appended where needed. 2. The or'ginal record of these observations will be kept in the blank books supplied for this purpose and a fair copy of the corrected and reduced results will be made upon Signal Service and special forms, as supplied in bound volumes. 3. At sea a daily record will be kept, by dead-reckoning and astronomical observations, of the latitude and longitude of the vessel, by which the posi- tions at the times of meteorological observations will be deduced, and on arriv- ing at the permanent station the local time and longitude will be immediately determined,- whence the Washington and Gottingen times will be found by ap- plying the corrected longitude. 4. All meteorological and tidal observations will be made at exact hours of "Washington civil time (the longitude of Washington Observatory is 5". 8 m . 12 ! :09 west of Greenwich). The regular magnetic observations will be made at even hours and minutes of Gottingen mean time (Gottingen is 0*. 39 m . 46".24 feast of Greenwich, or 5 h . 47 m . 58'.33 east of Washington : whence 12 noon; "Washington time, is simultaneous with 5\ 47 m . 5S*.33 p. m. Gottingen time, or &*. 12. 1'.67 a. m. Washington time is simultaneous with 12 noon at Gottin- gen). If hourly meteorological observations of all these phenomena cannot be taken, then if possible, take bi-hoUrly observations at the hours 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 a. m. and p. in., or at least six observations at 3, 7, and 11 a. m., and p. m. On no account will the meteorological observation at 7 a. m., Washington time, be omitted. 5. Upon arrival at the permanent station the local time and longitude will be determined at once, without waiting for the erection of permanent shelters, which will be built for the meteorological, magnetic and astronomical instru- ments according to the plans and material as specfied. The meteorological and astronomical observatories will be located con- veniently near to the dwelling of the observers, but that of the magnetic > .observatory will be determined by the consideration that these instruments must be removed from all dangar of being affected by the presence of steel or iron, including galvanized and tinned iron. If needed to keep off in- truders, a guard or fence should surround the magnetic observatory. 6. The observation of tides will be made as complete as possible in sum- mer by a gauge on the shore, and in winter through an opening in the ice, ac- cording to the instructions furnished by the Superintendent of the United States C oast and Geodetic Survey. The necessity fcr observing the tides will suggest that the dwelling-house should be located as near the sea as is safe and con- venient. 7. In addition to the ship's log and the official journal of the party, to be kept by the commanding officer, and the official record of observations, to be kept by the meteorological, magnetic, tidal, and astronomical observers, each member of the party will be furnished with a diary, in which he will record all such incidents as specially interest him. The diary will not be open to inspection until delivered to the Chief Signal Officer for his sole use in compiling the full record of the Expedition. 8. Accurate representations, either by the photographic process or sketching, will be made of all phenomena of an unusual character, or that is character- istic of the country. 9. Carefully prepared topographical maps will be made of as much of the surrounding country as is practicable. DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS CONCERNING OBSERVATIONS, INSTRUMENTS AND TIME, BY THE INTERNATIONAL POLAR CONFERENCE, HAMBURG, 1879, OtfT. 1ST TO 5TH. [Translated at the office of the Chief Signal Officer, with added notes in italics.} 1: OBLIGATORY OBSERVATIONS IN THE DOMAES OF METEOROLOGY. No. 17. TemperatiiK: >f the Alt': The mercurial thermometers should be graduated to two-tenths degrees Centigrade, and the alcohol thermometers to whcle degrees, and both verified at a central meteorological station to within one-tenth degree Centigrade. The thermometers furnished are graduated to Fahrenheit; they have beeii compared with the Signal Service standard, and are provided with correction cards. No. 18. The instruments should be placed at an altitude of between 1.5 and 2.0 meters (5 to 6 feet), and it is recommended that they be exposed in a double shelter of lattice work, according to Wild's method. The outer shelter to be of wood, the inner of metal. The observations of minimum thermoni- eters can be made under various conditions. The shelters furnished consist of an outer 'n-ooden touvre work and an inner galvanized iron shelter, both framed so as to be easily set up. The minimuir. temperatures at various altitudes above ground will be observed, and Under swfa Various conditions a-s circumstance* suggest. "No, 19. The alcohol thermometer* ought to be compared at the station of observation with the standard mercurial thermometer at the -lowest possible temperatures.* No. 20. Sea temperatures should be observed, whenever possible, at the sur- face and at each 10 meters (about 33 feet) of depth ; as instruments, proper for this observation, the following may be specified : deep-sea-thermometers, as manufactured or invented by Ekmann ; Negretti & Zambra ; Miller Ca- sella; Jansen. While at sea the temperature of the surface-water will be observed hourly, with the Signal Service water thermometer, by the ordinary methods, and the tempera- ture at each 33 feet of depth, whenever practicable ; for greater depths, one of the above deep-sea instruments will be used. No. 21. The point O e centigrade, [32 Fahrenheit,] for all the thermome- ters, should be determined from time to time. The testing of thermometers will be made quarterly, according to the usual Signal Service rules. No. 22i Pressure of the Air. At each station there must be at least two well-compared mercurial barometers, a reserve barometer and an aneroid. No. 23. The standard barometer ought to be compared or read once each day. Several mercurial and aneroid barometers are furnished^ and al' epular observations will be made from a mercurial barometer, selected 'O them-, ivhich will be compared, once each day, with the standard bamm.:?*: A I barom- eters u-ill be fully compared with the standard once each month; ii.t.i comparatirr readings will be entered on the regular Signal Service forms for this purpose. No. 24. Itumidity. The psychrometers (i. e. dry and wet bulb) anu hygrometer will be used with Regnault's dew-point apparatus as a check, ac- cording to Wild's instructions. Comparative readings, with these instruments, will be frequently made and carefully preserved for future study. No. 25. The Wind. The wind-vane and Robinson's anemometer are to be read from within the house (see the method of construction of the apparatus of the Swedish station at Spitzbergen), at the same time, the force of the wind will be estimated according to the Beaufort scale and the wind-direction to 16 Compass points, referred to the true meridian: The points of the compass on the wind-dial will be adjusted to the true meridian as is ordered for all Signal Service stations; self-registering instru- ments of the Signal Service pattern for the velocity and direction of the wind to eight point-s will be used. A record of wind-force on the Beaufort scale (0 to 12), and wind-direction to 16 points will also be kept and will be entered in the special column. *For notes on special thermometers, prepared lor ttie Signal Service Stations, see special instructions, published on page 9'. '^* A f' I 'V <* . -jf fflt^; > - - r ? .' x ' -/..'. 13%. ^ \ rf .5 6 No. 26. To aid in deciding the question whether the Robinson's anemome- ter, with large or with small cups, should be used for determining the force of storms in the Polar zone, it is recommended that both such be subjected to preliminary experiments, Anemometers of the Signal Service pattern, having small cups and short arms, are the only ones that it is convenient to furni-sh. for comparative purposes keep two of these in permanent daily use, exposing them in different but good localities. The extra anemometers should be compared irith these during 24 hours on the first Monday of each month, and a full record be kept of such com- parisons. No. 27. The Clouds. The amount of cloudiness and the direction of the movement of all clouds should be observed to 16 compass points. In addition, the kinds of clouds will be noted, and the record kept in the usual Signal Service form. No. 28. Precipitation. The commencement and duration of rain, snow, hail, &c., and, when possible, the amount of precipitation is to be observed. As to the amount, however, this is not obligatory in winter. There will be recorded regularly, and if practicable hourly, the amount of pre- cipitation, measured if possible, otherwise estimated. No. 29. The Weather. Storms, thunder-storms, hail, fog, frost, dew, &e., and the optical phenomena of the atmosphere ought to be recorded. 2. OBLIGATORY OBSERVATION I* THE DOMAIN OF TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISiL No. 30. Absolute Determinations. For declination and inclination it is neces- sary to attain an accuracy of 1.0 minute, for horizontal intensity of 0.001. The proper instruments are for example the portable Theodolite of Laniont and the ordinary dip-needles. Nci. 31. The absolute observations must be executed inclose connection and synchronous with the readings of the variations instruments, in order to be able to reduce the data given by the latter to an absolute normal value, and to determine the zero point of the scales. The determinations must be made so frequently that the changes in the absolute value of the zero point of the scales of the variations apparatus can be accurately checked thereby. No. 32. Observations of Variations. These ought to include the three ele- ments and be made by means of instruments, with small needles, in contrast to the apparatus of Gauss. In order to obtain an uninterrupted reciprocal control, two complete sets of variations instruments are desirable, and recommended, in order to avoid any interruption of the observations, by reason of breakage, derangement, $c. One set of these instrument* is now provided, but a second set will be sent in 1882. 33. The horizontal intensity in one, at least, of these systems should T>e ob- served with the unifilar apparatus. Because of the magnitude of the per- % ' i. 5 * WW ( j I ' ? ? US 1 ? s-^ ? i= 2 :' - ' A! . ; , turbations to be observed, the scales of the variations instruments must have at least a range of 10 degrees, and the arrangements are to be so made that the greatest possible simultaneity of the readings may be achieved. 34. During the entire period of occupancy of the station the variations in- struments will be read hourly. It is desirable that two readings be made, for instance, just before and after the full hour, with an interval of a few minutes between. 35. "Weyprecht presented the following separate note on this point : " Since it appears to me that in these regions of almost perpetual disturbances, hourly readings, made at moments not well defined, are insufficient to establish mean values accurately expressing the local perturbations for a given epoch, (which data ought to serve as a means of comparison with other localities,) and in consideration of the slight increase of labor which will be caused by taking readings at precise moments, I cannot agree with the views of the majority of the Conference." "I state that at least the expedition conducted by myself will take readings hourly of all three variations instruments at 58" 1 . 0"*. ; 59""". 0*. ; GO""" 1 . 0". ; gjmin^ Q* . ggmi^ 0*,* . Gottingen mean time/' [Signed] "WfeYPRECHT;" Observations will be taken a-s specified by Weyprecht. Sfi; As term days, the 1st and 15th day of each month will be observed from midnight to midnight, Gottingen time. The readings will be taken at intervals of 5 minutes, always on the full minutes, and the three elements are to be read with all possible rapidity, one after the. Other, in the following order: 1. Horizontal intensity ; 2. Declination; 3. Vertical intensity; 37. i'or these term days, the plan of magnetic work should comprehend continuous readings, for instance, readings every 20 seconds throughout one Whole hour even though only one magnetic element be observed. It is the Opinion of the Conference that the observations should begin so that one of the hours of observation shall agree with the first hour of the lt of January, and that during the entire period of magnetic work the hours devoted to this continuous observation should be changed on each successive semi-monthly term day. 38; The accuracy of the magnetic observations should be such as to give the declination to the nearest minute and the horizontal and vertical intensity in units of the fouf th decimal piace. 39. On the term days, observations of auroras are" also to be made contin- uously. Moreover, auroras are also to be observed from, hour to hour through* out the period of magnetic observations, and especially in reference to their form and momentary position in altitude and true azimuth. The intensity of the light is to be estimated on si scale of 1, 2, 3; 4. No. 40; Isolated auroral phenomena ulust be inside the subject of thorough ! fjT -JS'S ^m MS-' \s / , ' a observation in connection with which the various phases are to be noted simultar neously with readings of the magnetic variation instruments. Those of the party not engaged at the magnetic instruments will observe and record auroral phenomena. No. 41. Since the greatest possible simultaneity in the readings is a point of the highest importance, the determinations of the location and of the time are to be made with instruments having firm foundations (such as the universal instrument or astronomical theodolite, the vertical circle, zenith telescope, astro- nomical transit, &c.) this, however, does not exclude the use of .reflecting in- struments of a superior class. By all means, therefore, must efforts be made to determine the geographical position and especially the longitude of the station as soon as possible after it has been occupied. The first approximate longitude of the station, as determined by chronometers > will be checked as frequently as possible by lunar distances, occupations, &c., and the value adopted in the daily work of the station will be revised as often as necessary, preferably at the ed of each quarter. The details of the magnetic observations will be regulated according to the instructions received from the Superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. 3. ELECTIVE OBSERVATIONS. No. 42. The Conference recommends the following observations and investi- gations most earnestly to the consideration of all those to whom is entrusted the preparation of instructions for an expedition or who themselves are as- signed to such work. No. 43. Meteorological. The diminution of temperature with altitude, the temperature of the earth, of the snow and of the ice at the different depths should be determined. The forms of the mow crystals should be recorded by careful draioings ; the amount of hoar-frost accumulated on some ivett-exposed object should be measured by the use of the scales furnished by the medical department. Provisions \rill be will be made for the preservation of air and of air-dust for future analysis. No. 44. Observations of insolation (or solar radiation") are to be made, as well as observations on spontaneous evaporation, which latter can be made during the winter by weighing cubes of ice, and during the summer by the evaporimeters. A shallow circular vessel of water, whether fluid or frozen, exposed to the open air and sunshine, should have its loss of iveight determined, daily or oftener, by delicate scales. No. 45. Afagnetical. From time to time absolute simultaneous readings of all three elements of terrestrial magnetism must be made in order to accurately determine the ratio between the simultaneous changes of the horizontal and those of Vertical intensity. 46. Galvanic Earth Currents. Observations are desired of earth currents in intimate connection with magnetic observations and the auroral phenomena. W9\t ^ 5 i ,^ i > ^ ,r ' 4? j 10 4. INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO CARE AM) USE OF SPECIAL THERMOMETERS. (See paragraph I 1 ), page ) 53. The construction of the minimum standard thermometers designed for the Arctic stations, having been entrusted to the Thermometric Bureau of the Winchester Observatory of Yale College, the Astronomer in charge of that institution furnishes the following special instructions, which will be carefully followed : "New HAVEN, May 30, 1881. "GENERAL REMARKS AND DIRECTIONS CONCERNING THE SIGNAL SERVICE MINIMUM STANDARDS, NOS. 1 TO 12 INCLUSIVE, CONSTRUCTED BY THE WINCHESTER OB8ER7ATOBY OF YALE COLLEGE, *J. AND H. J. GREEN, MECHANICIANS. "Materiak. The alcohol, carbon disulphide, and ethyl oxide used; are as pure as the chemical processes will admit. For thermonletric purposes they may be assumed chemically pure. There is no more air above the liquid columns than is accidentally admitted in the process of sealing the tubes. In this respect these standards are different from the ordinary spirit thermometers. It is probable that the great purity of the alcohol will render it nearly as valuable for temperatures below ^80 I*, as the 1 carbon and ether thermom- eters; "Directions for Carriage. -It is highly desirable that these thermometers should be kept, as nearly as possible, in the same condition as in leaving the observatory. For this purpose they have been carefully packed in a vertical position, and care must be taken to see that they are so repacked, with the buffi down. Owing to the low boiling-points bf the ether and carbon disul- phide they are hot (probably) accurate at temperatures above ^60 F., but they will remain clear and limpid at temperatures below zero, at which the alcohol thermometers may (but hardly probably) show Viscidity. It is desir- able therefore that preference be given to these standards over any other standards for extremely low temperatures, and in establishing the meteoro- logical observatory at which the greatest cold is expected, special attention should be given to the ether and carbon disulphide thermometers. " Suggestions in tfieir use. Before mounting these barometers in their sta- tions, they should be carefully swung or jarred so that no spirit can be detected (with a magnifying glass) adhering to their upper ^erids. They should be in- clined (with the bulb end nearest the grourid) as fa*r as it is safe, and have the index stand in its place, by its own friction against the side of the tube, so that the drainage may be as perfect as possible.* " Att readings should be recorded in mW.imeters and it should be remembered that the accompanying tabular corrections (see the correction cards) are hieant to give only approximate temperatures. A careful comparison of all the thermometers froni 1 to 12 has beeii made between and 90 and l\ > -.p I * :t. $ ra! gs 3-,.; > !*.-** %. Sft ' -.* y= , =a; - -^ - , _ . : _> lti.,:lt/ ; ' - r -",-..|"'" " * i i c r *^l \ P'*.ITI 5 -* * I 111 K] tJ3 2 *5 ^ / ^ H ilili ?! 4 r 3 ^ fln.1* I ! I/, IflHI 1 ! > . ^-/ rt-r 1 *-^!- S i s%Htl 1 ce / u u> . to zs HW I ^ " s 5 ia* H i ^ * s Uis * -i ^11 g A! O' *S ui ?;4<4^Jj a ^ s liS*l e C*I*{ l c LJ < * > 6 J S i I Sj u z ^ ** - i 3< ii^^^!.^; je' MilW 1 iXF < T ./ X T^X ,i*^ r^ y-A ; ^. j 5 and -9, have been kept by the observatory for experiments at tem- peratures below F. ' " These are probably the best thermometers ever sent into the Arctic regions and special care should be taken to insure the safe return of the records, and though less important, the instruments." * This method conforms to that followed at al| signal stations with minimum ther- mometers, except as to degree of inclination, wherein Uiese suggestions should* be most* Carefully followed. MEMORANDUM 0? OUTFIT, ^ LIST OF APPARATUS TO BE FURNISHED TO POJNT RARROW, OJEOGRAPH^CAL AND ASTRQXOSpCAL APPARATUS. 1 Surveyor's Compass and Tripod. } 100- feet Chain or Steel Tape. '2 Prismatic Compasses. 1 Set of Pins. 1 Altitude and Azimuth. } Meridian Transit. 2 Extra Level Tubes for low temperatures. 3 Sextants, 3 Artificial Horizons. 8 Marine Chronometers mean time. ( Rated at various temperatures at 1 " siderial. < the Horological Bureau of the 2 Pocket " mean time. ( Observatory of Yale College. I House (Astronomical Observatory). [Plan to be supplied.] Charts of the Alaska coast from the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. MAGNETIC APPARATUS. 1 Complete Magnetometer Fauth & Co. unifilar declinometer cat' alogue No. 70, price 8400, extra light needles and mirror for auroral disturbances. 1 Dip Circle. 1 Magnetic Observatory Building (see plan). TIDAL APPARATUS. 1 Level and Staff. ys and Weight and float. vjiosi Stoppered Bottles for specimens of sea- water. 12 PENDULUM APPARATUS. Pendulum apparatus will be carried and used by a special temporary party from the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. DEEP SEA SOUNDING. (Witt be left to the U. S. Coast Survey.) METEOBOLOGICAL APPARATUS. 1 Instrument Shelter of open wooden louvre work, made in sections (efe plan). 1 Inner Thermometer Shelter of open galvanized iron louvre work, made in sections (see plan). 12 Mercurial Thermometers, ordinary stem divided. 2 Metallic Thermometers. 12 Spirit Thermometers, ordinary stem divided. 6 Mercurial Thermometers, maximum stem divided. 6 Spirit Thermometers, minimum stem divided. 6 Special Minimum Thermometers, from Yale College; 4 Psychrometers, mercurial, wet-bulb. 2 Dew point Apparatus ; Begnault's as modified by Alluard. 6 Water Thermometers and 3 cases, Signal Service pattern, for surface temperatures. f 2 Deep Sea Thermometers by Miller-Casella. 2 pairs Marie- Davy's Conjugate Thermometers for solar radiation. 2 pairs Violle's Conjugate Bulbs for solar radiation. 2 Hicks' Thermometers for terrestrial radiation. 2 Mercurial Marine Barometers. 4 Mercurial Cistern Barometers, (Green, Signal Service pattern), large bore, reading to thousandths. 6 Aneroid Barometers, (Casella's make); 2 Hair Hygrometers. 2 Self-registers for Anemometers and Anemoscopes (Signal Service pat- tern Gibbon or Eccard). 6 extra attached Thermometers for barometers. 6 extra barometer tabes for barometers. 4 Rain-gauges, 2 copper and 2 galvanized iroti. 4 Divided Sticks for measuring raifl and sflow. 10 Ibs pure Mercury. 4 Anemometers (Robinson's) to replace those worn out or broken. 4 Arms and caps and 4 spindles, for Robinson's Anemometer, for repairs,' 2 Vanes, to sdpply breaka'ge. 10 Battery cells (Eagle) arid supplies for same for three years; 5,000 yards Insulated "Wire. 4 Telephones and 2 call bells: A \, ' T 7 " * I ^ 1 1 1 f I I jf\ ! i 13 feet cable, for the self-register. 4 Box Sounders. 1 Delicate Scale and one Medicine Chest (from Medical Department). Apparatus for collecting air and. atmospheric d.ust. SIGNAL 2 Qrugan's I$eliograj)hs. 4 Sets Signal Kits complete. fi Signal Code Cards, and other items as on list of Lieijt. Craig. JILANK BOOKS AJ[D fORMS. 12 diaries for 1881, J882 and 1883, respectively, on,e to be kept by each, man, 250 Books for original record of meteorological obseryations. 5Q blank books for magnetic observations, allowing 2 pages daily an^ extr pages on special dajrs. go blank books for tidal observations, allp,^n n g 1 P a g e $ & i\J- 25 blank books for astronomical observations. 50 volumes Form 4, for copy of original record. 300 star charts, for auroras, $c. 100 forms for comparison of barometers. 800 Forms for Anemometer Register. BOOKS. Instructions to Observers, Signal Service, U. S, A. Annual Reports of the Chief Signal Officer, from 1873 to 1880 inclusive, Loomis' Treatise on Meteorology. Buchan's Handy Book of Meteorology, Kaemtz's Meteorology (Walker's translation). Mohn's Meteorology (original German). Schmld's Meteorology (original German). Smithsonian Instructions for register of periodical phenomena. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, Vol. I. Guyot's Meteorological and Physical Tables. Crelle's Multiplication Tables. Blanford's Indian Meteorologist's, Vade Mecum, parte I, II, III, Loomis' Practical Astronomy. Chauvenet's Practical Astronomy. Bowditch's Navigator. Bowditch's Useful Tables. Lee's Collection of Tables and Formula. American Nautical Almanac for 1881, 1882 and 1883. Admiralty Manual of Scientific Inquiry, 4th Ed. Admiralty Manual and Instructions for Arctic Expedition, 1875. Nare's etc., Reports of English Arctic Expedition. Nare's Narrative of Voyage to Polar Sea, London, 1878. Ks " v. TIM SX ','v, T-^-J^ J Ball's Meteorology of Alaska from Pacific coast Pilot U. S. 0. CK S. Pall's Resources of Alaska. Harkness on Sextants, United States Jfayal Observatory, observations for 186,9, Appendix 1, pages 51 to 57. Charts U. S. Hydrog. office tfo. 68, and. Brit. Adm. Ifos. 593, 2,164, 3,435. Chambers' Descriptive Astronomy. Bemiker's edition of Vega's logarithmic Tables, Barlow's Tables. W. S, Harris' Rudimentary Magnetism. Bchott's Coast Survey Papers on Time, Latitude, Longitude, Magnetics. Everett's Translation of Deschanel. Jenkin. Electricity and Magnetism, 4th ed., N. Y., 1879. Reports of United States Fish Commission on Dredging, Sigsbee on Deep Sea Sounding, etc. (United States Coast Survey Report.) Markbam's Collection of Papers Relating to Arctic Geography, Lon- don, 1877. Scbott's Reduction of Observations, by Hayes and Sonntag. Dr. Kane. " McClintock. Manual of Military Telegraphy. Myer's Manual of Signals. Pope's Modern Practice of Electric Telegraphy. Stationary as ordinarily supplied. Drawing Paper and Instruments. 6 Dark Lanterns for observers use (brass). Ml _ -1 ^ A~X > i V. i >' :C U 4 PS iff I K 3 5 lilt I 1 lh*l r.- - - -7^ M I a , ">^