:-NRLF 
 
 B 5 flBfl 
 
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 449 
 
 G257 
 
 1906 
 
 MAIN 
 
 <3amson Centenary 
 
 Boston, flDass. 
 
/i 1 1 K 1 1 yN 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 I UNIVERSITY OF I 
 \CAUFORNIAy 
 
Garrison, Wm L^oyd, Am Abolitionist 
 B. Newburyport,Mass. 1805, 
 Founded LIBERATOR, famous anti- 
 slavery journal; became leader of 
 fanatical abolitionists. Founder 
 of Am Anti-slavery Society, 1833, 
 Mobbed in Bos. 1835, Lectured w/ 
 Negro Fred k Douglas, 1847;****** 
 After Civil War campaigned 
 against Liquor, prostitution, 
 Favored tfomn 
 
Celebration . 
 
 tf tff 
 
 0nt Hunarebtf) 
 
 of the birth of 
 
 tft WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 T* 
 
 By the Colored Citizens of Greater Boston under the auspices of the 
 Suffrage League of Boston and Vicinity 
 
 DECEMBER TENTH and ELEVENTH, MCMV ** 
 
 jf. 
 
 With abridged accounts of celebrations held by certain churches of Greater Boston 
 
 Sunday Evening, December Tenth, in response to appeal of 
 
 the Suffrage League 
 
 Reported by Miss Ethel Lewis, Cambridge 
 Edited by the Secretary of the Suffrage League Centenary Committee 
 
 3? <t> 
 
 BOSTON 
 
 tip tj+ 
 
 The Garrison Centenary Committee of the Suffrage League of Boston and Vicinity 
 
 1906 
 
LOAN STACK 
 
 COPYRIGHT, 1906 
 
 BY 
 GARRISON CENTENARY COMMITTEE 
 
 Publishers, 
 BOSTON, MASS. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 The Suffrage League of Boston and vicinity, under whose 
 auspices a two days citizens celebration of the one hundredth an 
 niversary of the birth of William Lloyd Garrison, the abolition 
 ist, was held in Boston, Dec. loth and nth, 1905, voted at a 
 meeting held at 3 Tremont Row, Room 19, Dec. 22nd., 1905, 
 to authorize the publication in book form of a record of this 
 citizens celebration with an abridged account of those church 
 celebrations held Dec. loth, 1905, in Boston and vicinity, in 
 response to the League s appeal to clergymen. In pursuance 
 of that vote the Garrison Centenary Committee of the League 
 have published this book. 
 
 In its preparation and publication they have had the active 
 support of the Citizens Committee of Arrangements of the cel 
 ebration, and the assistance of those who took part in the pro 
 gram, of invited guests, and of many other citizens. The Com 
 mittee are especially indebted to Miss Ethel G. Lewis, who volun 
 teered her services as stenographer and attended nearly all of 
 the sessions of the central celebration. Through her services, and 
 the kindness of speakers who furnished manuscript, the Com 
 mittee are able to present the main portion of every speech de 
 livered, save one the author of \vhich preferred its omission. They 
 are indebted to Mr. Francis J. Garrison, also, for use of several 
 cuts. 
 
 The value of this volume consists, not in its literary form 
 for it is but a plain narrative of events but rather in its accur 
 ate historical record of a remarkable tribute to the memory of 
 one of the world s greatest moral heroes by the citizens of the 
 city where he worked, suffered and triumphed, a generation after 
 his death. Its further value consists in the recorded utterances 
 of men and women of strong intellect and of earnest purpose, 
 some of whom knew Mr. Garrison as an intimate friend or rela 
 tive, utterances which, taken together, constitute a notable con 
 tribution to 1 the literature of agitation for human liberty and 
 equal rights. 
 
 That this book may increase veneration for the great anti- 
 slavery agitator, lead men and women to emulate his example, 
 and help the anti-salvery cause of today, and of the future, is 
 the prayer of its publishers. 
 
 Joshua A. Crav/ford, Chairman ; Leigh W. Carter, Geo. F. 
 Grant, Charles H. Hall, N. B. Marshall, Emery T. Morris, C. 
 H. Plummer, A. H. Scales, Charles H. Scales, C. G. Steward, 
 Joseph Lee, Wm. Monroe Trotter, Garrison Centenary Com 
 mittee of the Suffrage League of Boston and Vicinity. 
 
 Wm. Monroe Trotter, Secretary. 
 Boston, January, 1906. 
 
 082 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 EXERCISES OF SUNDAY, DECEMBER IOTH. 
 
 At the Grave ......... 7 
 
 At "Rockledge" I3 
 
 At the Statue 1 7 
 
 At the Joy Street African Baptist Church . . . 21 
 
 EXERCISES OF MONDAY, DECEMBER 1 1 TH. 
 
 Faneuil Hall : 
 
 Morning Session . ...... 31 
 
 Afternoon Session ....... 36 
 
 Evening Session 49 
 
 Citizens Committee ........ 65 
 
 Auxiliary Church Celebrations 69 
 
The Two Days Citizens Cele= 
 
 bration of the Garrison 
 
 Centenary in Boston 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Exercises of Sunday, Dec. 10, 1905 
 
 AT THE GRAVE, FOREST HILLS CEMETERY 
 
 The two-days celebration of the 
 one-hundreth anniversary of the birth 
 of William Lloyd Garrison, the 
 abolitionist, by the citizens of Great 
 er Boston, under the auspices of 
 the Suffrage League of Boston and vi 
 cinity, was formally opened just be 
 fore one o clock Sunday afternoon, 
 Dec. 10, 1905, at the grave of the 
 great anti-slavery agitator on Smilax 
 path, Forest Hills cemetery in the 
 Forest Hills district of Boston, Mass. 
 
 The city recognized the celebration 
 by flying the flags at full mast Sun 
 day and Monday from all public build 
 ings, and many school children held 
 Garrison exercises in the class room. 
 
 It had been snowing all night and 
 *ras still -Showing when the small body 
 of admirers arrived at the goal of 
 their pilprimage, some in hacks and 
 some on foot, among them two women 
 and a little boy. 
 
 Benjamin H. Washington, son of the 
 Stoughton florist, who was to donate 
 the wreath for the statue, and grand 
 son of a former deacon of the Smith 
 Court church scraped the snow from 
 the grave stone and William Monroe 
 Trotter, son of the late Lieut. James 
 M. Trotter of the 55th Mass. Regiment, 
 removed the snow from the top of the 
 grave. When the small company had 
 
 drawn reverently near Mr. J. A. Craw 
 ford, chairman of the Garrison Cen 
 tenary committee of the Bos 
 ton Suffrage League, in a few 
 well chosen words, declared the 
 Citizens Celebration, under the 
 auspices of the Boston Suffrage 
 League, opened, saying how much the 
 Colored people revered the name of 
 Garrison for his services in the cause 
 of liberty and taking hope from the 
 uniting of all elements of this people 
 to honor Garrison s memory. 
 
 He then called upon Chairma^n Dan 
 iel H. Miner of the Citizen s Wreath 
 Committee, who placed two wreaths 
 upon the tablet, assisted by Mr. Emery 
 T. Morris, nephew of Robert Morris, 
 the great lawyer of the early times. 
 
 One wreath was donated by the 
 Boylston street florists, Houghton and 
 Clark, and the other by Mr. J. H. 
 McKenzie, member of the wreath com 
 mittee. Then Rev. S. J. Comfort, pas 
 tor of the Calvary Baptist church, of 
 fered a fervent prayer in part as fol 
 lows: 
 
 We bless Thee today for the name 
 of Garrison and for the great army of 
 good men and women whom Thou 
 didst raise up to defend the cause of 
 the oppressed. Thou hast especially 
 promised in Thy word to help those 
 who are crushed by the hand of op- 
 
GRAVE OF GARRISON 
 SMILAX PATH, FOREST HILLS CEMETERY, BOSTON 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 pression, and we acknowledge that we 
 are the beneficiaries of this precious 
 promise by the life of him whose 
 name we revere and commemorate to 
 day. For, when sin and avarice were 
 enthroned in the heart of the nation, 
 when the national conscience was 
 asleep, and when ministers of the 
 precious gospel of Jesus Christ apolo 
 gized and helped to tighten the awful 
 fetters upon the -slave, it was then 
 that Thou didst call from the ranks of 
 the people William Lloyd Garrison, 
 who became our friend and our broth 
 er, and gave his life for the freedom 
 of the slave. We thank Thee for the 
 unselfish example of his life by which 
 he suffered in the midst of poverty, 
 and for the great heroism of his soul 
 in that he would not be silent, but in 
 spite of unjust laws and mob violence 
 he continued to deliver the message of 
 his soul until this nation was shaken 
 from center to circumference, and the 
 shackles of human slavery were burst 
 asunder. We worship Thy name today 
 that Thou didst give such a man to 
 this nation, a man, who in the midst 
 of persecution dared to stand alone 
 and proclaim the Fatherhood of God, 
 and the Brotherhood of man. In this 
 land of the free, where the gospel of 
 Thy dear son is preached every Sab 
 bath, we are still deprived of the 
 equal benefits of the law. We are 
 lynched and proscribed against, our 
 pathway is hedged in by caste pre 
 judice even now, the weak are 
 wronged and oppressed by the strong. 
 We know that Thou art a covenant- 
 keeping God. Thou didst come down 
 in answer to the cry of Thy people 
 Israel, to deliver them and in answer 
 to the groans ascending from huts and 
 cabins of slave plantations Thou didst 
 raise up the anti-slavery society and 
 delivered four millions from that cruel 
 bondage. We beseech Thee that Thou 
 wouldst sanctify the memories that 
 are revived today by a reaffirma- 
 tion of those self-evident truths; 
 that all men are created equal and 
 endowed by their creator with certain 
 inalienable rights, among which are 
 life, liberty, and the pursuit of happi 
 ness. We pray at this time for grace 
 
 that we may ever remember our debt 
 of gratitude for the noble men and 
 women, who labored for the cause of 
 justice and equality. Help us as citi 
 zens of this great republic, and in our 
 domestic affairs to live worthy of all 
 that they have done for us. We pray 
 for the emancipation of this nation 
 from the sin of unjust legislation, and 
 that from the ceremonies of this day 
 there may be a revival of the Garri- 
 sonian fiery zeal, consecrated by the 
 spirit of Thy dear Son, and that it 
 may continue to burn until the equal 
 rights of a man shall be acknowledged 
 everywhere." 
 
 At the close of the prayer, while 
 heads were still bowed Mr. Morris be 
 gan short tributes, saying: "Here is 
 the grave of him who said "My Coun 
 try is the world, My Countrymen are 
 all mankind." Mr. Philip B. Downing 
 son of the late lamented Geo. T. 
 Downing, spoke of his great love for 
 the dead hero and urged that Colored 
 people unite to agitate. Mrs. D. H. 
 Miner told of how her grandmother, 
 "Mam" Riley, sold copies of the Lib 
 erator to help Mr. Garrison, after he 
 came out of jail. 
 
 Mr. Crawford urged that a Commit 
 tee place a wreath on the grave every 
 year. Mr. T. P. Taylor told of first 
 meeting Mr. Garrison in July, 1857, of 
 the Colored men he found in his office 
 and of his love for the man. Mr. 
 Trotter told of his admiration for 
 Garrison and urged that all rededicate 
 themselves to agitato for equal rights. 
 
 Others present at the grave were 
 Mrs. Ellen Rahn, her grandson Master 
 William Davenport, Dr. J. R. Stroud, 
 Mr. Charles A. King, with reception 
 badges, his wife being secretary of 
 the reception committee; Mr. L. J. 
 Lynch, Mr. W. M. Lashly and Mr. J. 
 O. Boone. 
 
 Then all wended their way back to 
 the main thoroughfare and took cars 
 for the Statue exercises. 
 
 The citizens committee on Wreath 
 were Mr. D. H. Miner, chairman, Mrs. 
 Ellen Rahn, Mrs. Arianna C. Sparrow, 
 Mr. J. H. McKenzie, Mr. Joseph Lee. 
 
" ROCKLEDGE." HOMESTEAD OF GARRISON 
 1 25 HIGHLAND STREET ROXBURY DISTRICT, BOSTON 
 
Jit "Rockledge 
 
 99 
 
 THE HOMESTEAD OF GARRISON 
 
 Now St*. Monica s Home. 
 
 At 1 o clock the second session of the 
 citizens celebration began at St. Mon 
 ica s Home for Sick Colored Women 
 and Children at 125 Highland street, 
 RoxburV; in the house which was the 
 last home of the great anti-slavery agi 
 tator. 
 
 This session was in charge of the 
 St. Monica s Aid Sewing circle, and 
 the St. Monica s Relief association, 
 two organizations of Colored women 
 that give financial aid to this hospital 
 which is conducted by the noble Sister 
 Catherine of the Episcopalian Sisters 
 of St. Margaret, and here again, de 
 spite the storm and long, high climb 
 to "Rockledge," a goodly number of 
 women and several men were present 
 to show their devotion. One of the 
 latter was Mr. John D. Willard, who 
 had been a personal friend of Mr. 
 Garrison and a subscriber to the Lib 
 erator. He was the organist in 
 Theodore Parker s church. The last 
 time he had visited the house was 
 when Mr. Garrison was living. 
 
 The exercises, which were held in 
 the room named the "Garrison Ward," 
 a large, rectangular room, formerly 
 used as the parlor of the homestead, 
 were presided over by an ardent ad 
 mirer of Mr. Garrison, Rev. David R. 
 Wallace, assistant pastor of the Epis 
 copal Mission of St. Martin s on Lenox 
 street. He began by saying the com 
 pany were gathered together on that 
 memorable occasion at the home of 
 the great hero, and should begin with 
 prayer, commending themselves to Al 
 mighty God. In his prayer he thanked 
 the Almighty that he had sent a son 
 to be a deliverer to the children of 
 African descent, and had permitted 
 them to witness the 100th anniversary 
 of the birth of the great emancipator. 
 
 Rev. Wallace then addressed those 
 assembled. He said it was his lot 
 to be chairman as well as to pray. 
 
 Rev. Father Wallace said in part: 
 
 It is my lot to be chairman of this 
 meeting, and I assure you that it is 
 
 a very great honor. It does not often 
 come to one of my years to occupy 
 so honorable a position, when you 
 realize that only a year or so before 
 Garrison s death I was an infant in 
 arms. And so I feel it a great privil 
 ege and a very pleasant one to be here 
 in the very home of Garrison, in this 
 place where he found a refuge from 
 the great storm and stress of his life. 
 I think the friends of Garrison could 
 have chosen no better place than this 
 haven. Here, perched upon the ledges 
 named fitly "Rockledge," he found 
 peace from the great stress and strain 
 and storms and wrecks of the anti- 
 slavery struggle. And from this high 
 eminence we can imagine him look 
 ing out into the world, seeing the 
 peace that came to the many millions 
 of souls because of his untiring, his 
 unselfish labor. We know that Gar 
 rison was a man of peace, and we do 
 not want to lose sight of that fact 
 simply because the end of his labors 
 resulted in one of the greatest of 
 civil wars. He was a man who be 
 lieved that his cause, the cause which 
 he espoused could be a peaceable 
 one, and in the articles of the con 
 stitution of the anti-slavery society 
 there is special mention of the fact 
 that peaceable methods were to be 
 used. It is not Garrison s fault that 
 there was the storm and the stress of 
 it all. It was not his fault that this 
 country was convulsed in a dread 
 civil war. Not his fault in the least. 
 Had men hearkened to his wise words 
 in the beginning, or if they had re 
 pented later and hearkened even after 
 a time, this whole cause of the de 
 livery of an oppressed people would 
 have been peaceably settled. We think 
 at this time of the great anti-slavery 
 liberators of Great Britain, of Wil- 
 berforce, of Pitts, and Fox, and those 
 other great men. And we think from 
 time to time of the peaceable settle 
 ment of the slavery question in Eng 
 land and its colonies, and we wish that 
 it could have been peaceably settled 
 
ONK HrNDRKDTH ANN I V KRSA RV 
 
 here. But, my friends, we must realize 
 that this country was not England, 
 and that the people of this country 
 could not be influenced by argument 
 like the people of England and the 
 people in their parliament. So it 
 seemed that there had to be this 
 great conflict. 
 
 We think of William Lloyd Garri 
 son in this his homestead, the haven 
 where he found peace after the strife. 
 It is not given to men always to see 
 the consummation of their efforts, 
 but it was given to William Lloyd 
 Garrison to see the results of his life 
 long agitation. And finally after the 
 results were accomplished he was able 
 to come to this haven of rest and 
 peace. And now we gather here in 
 this haven, and think of that great 
 man, and wish and pray that he may 
 have peace forever more, an everlast 
 ing peace. 
 
 Mrs. Wm. O. Goodell, secretary of 
 the Relief association, then read very 
 entertainingly the salutatory of The 
 Liberator published Jan. 1. 1831. after 
 which Mrs. Geraldine L. Trotter, ex- 
 president of the Relief association, in 
 the absence of the president, Mrs. 
 George Glover, was called upon. 
 
 Mrs. Trotter said in part: 
 
 I had wished for a pleasant day 
 today. I wanted the sun to shine and 
 the birds to sing or chirrup, as they 
 do in the winter, but I think as God 
 looked back over the years of Garri 
 son, He thought such a day as this 
 would better stand for his life. We 
 should be willing to do for Garrison 
 the things he did for us. How many 
 times he trudged through the cold, 
 bleak and snow, and talked to a few 
 people, and took the criticism of the 
 many for our good. 
 
 And so today I think he must be 
 looking down on us here as we gather 
 to do him honor, pleased with our ap 
 preciation of his life. I really, when 
 I think it over, am glad that the day 
 is not fine, because it will show how 
 many of us really appreciate what he 
 did for us. And what more fitting 
 place could there be than this, in 
 which to gather to do his memory hon 
 or. Here, after Garrison had spent his 
 best years fighting for the freedom of 
 the slaves, years other men would 
 have used to accumulate wealth, when 
 he was an old man, and his friends who 
 appreciated what he had done had 
 collected a large sum of money and 
 presented it to him, buying this place, 
 
 he came to live. This place stands for 
 the sacrifice he made and in its pres 
 ent capacity stands for the secrifice 
 made by others. 
 
 It is now a haven for the sick, 
 cared for by people who have given up 
 much to be here. Here his wife, who 
 had been his true helDmeet through 
 all his trials, lived an "invalid until 
 she passed on to the Higher Life." l 
 believe in this very room his daughter 
 was married. This home is a place of 
 sacred memories, a hallowed spot, and 
 I say, what better place could we be 
 in today, where better could we honor 
 this man s memory, or draw the les 
 son of what we should do? And I 
 think that each one of us should 
 pledge ourselves to make some sacri 
 fice, to do something for the good of 
 others. Just as he sacrificed himself 
 for us, we should make some sacrince 
 ourselves in his honor. Today what 
 do we honor about Garrison? Is ft 
 the material things? No. It is the 
 moral stand he took, the fight he made 
 for the down-trodden, the voice he 
 raised for those who had no voice, the 
 courage that stood for the right, 
 though all the world were on the oth 
 er side. This man who was mobbed 
 in the streets of Boston by respectable 
 people men with silk hats and frock 
 coats, for us how many of us are now 
 willing to do for our own what that 
 man did for us? How many of us are 
 willing to stand out against the 
 broadcloth mob. to stand by what is 
 right in spite of the criticism of the 
 many? That is the great lesson we 
 Colored people should learn, those of 
 us who have had the advantages of ed 
 ucation, who have seen life in its 
 broadest light, to be willing to sacri 
 fice and to care as much for our race 
 as he did, to do for our down-trodden 
 people all in our power, for those 
 who are not able to stand up for 
 themselves to stand up for them, to 
 make their cause our cause, their 
 sufferings our suffering, as Garrison 
 said "I made the slaves case from the 
 start and always my own. My wife 
 and children were they made for the 
 auction block? Never!" Let us 
 do that, let us do as much as we 
 can for the oppressed, and may no 
 words of ours be words of con 
 demnation of our own. Let us act so 
 that when we meet Garrison in the 
 great beyond he will know we appre 
 ciated the sacrifice he made for us. 
 
 In behalf of the Aid Sewing circle, a 
 
HELEN ELIZA GARRISON 
 NOBLE WIFE OF THE GREAT ANTI-SLAVERY AGITATOR 
 
i6 
 
 ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 poem composed by Mr. Garrison him 
 self, entitled "The Sons of the Aboli 
 tionist," was read effectively by Miss 
 Bessie Lee. daughter of Mrs. Robert 
 Lee, treasurer of the sewins circle. 
 
 Mrs. Arianna C. Sparrow then save 
 brief personal reminiscences of Mr. 
 Garrison. She said she was perhaps 
 the only one present who had come 
 Within the radiance of Mr. Garrison s 
 personal influence. She was bro.i-?ht 
 by her mother, who escaped from slav 
 ery, to Boston, and was met by the la 
 mented Lewis Hayden, and taken to 
 his house, which was a hot-bsd of an 
 ti-slavery activity. Her mother and 
 she were taken to the anti-slavery so 
 ciety s rooms, and there Mr. Garrison 
 put his loving arms around her, and 
 she remembered the sensation to this 
 day, as one feels when singing the 
 hymns of being in the arms of Jesus. 
 
 Mrs. Sparrow s remarks were very 
 brief, she saying that all else she 
 could add was to hope for the auspi 
 cious ending of an event so auspi 
 
 ciously begun, as she was too deeply 
 stirred for speech. 
 
 Rev. Wallace then closed, saying 
 the occasion had been touching, and 
 would not soon fade from memory. All 
 who felt so inclined were invited by 
 the ladies to leave a donation for the 
 work, and then he pronounced the 
 benediction, after which most of those 
 present went out in the storm to take 
 cars for the statue exercises. 
 
 The officers of the Sewing circle are: 
 Mrs. E. J. Benjamin, president; Mrs. 
 Frank Turpin, vice-president; Mrs. 
 Campbell, 2d vice-president; Mrs. Robt. 
 Lee, treasurer; Mrs. O. Armstead, sec 
 retary; officers of Relief association, 
 Mrs. George S. Glover, president ; Mrs. 
 Adelaide S. Terry, vice-president; Mrs. 
 W. O. Goodell, secretary; Miss Maude 
 Trotter, assistant secretary; Mrs. 
 George F. Grant, treasurer; commit 
 tee on session, Mrs. E. J. Benjamin, 
 Mrs. Anthony Smith, Mrs. Lillian Car 
 roll. 
 
Jit the Statue 
 
 ON COMMONWEALTH AVENUE MALL 
 
 The third session of the citizens 
 celebration took place at 2.30 at the 
 statue of Garrison on Commonwealth 
 avenue, and the interest and devotion 
 shown by the school children and by 
 the old men was a most inspiring 
 sight. 
 
 When the men and women who had 
 gone to the grave reached Copley 
 square, they found several hundred 
 Sunday school children from the va 
 rious Colored churches in Boston and 
 Cambridge assembled in the corridors 
 of the Public Library, in charge of 
 Mrs. Olivia Ward Bush. Conspicuous 
 among their teachers were Mr. Philip 
 J. Allston and Mr. John W. Williams, 
 superintendent at the Zion A. M. E. 
 church. There also were many citi 
 zens present. 
 
 At 2.30 the company formed in line, 
 the procession being headed by the 
 Boston brass band, Mr. Henry Dixon, 
 leader, followed by the Robt. G. Shaw 
 Veteran association and a few mem 
 bers of the Peter Salem Garrison, 
 Spanish War Veterans, and Robt. Bell 
 post, G. A. R. Behind these came C. 
 G. Morgan, Rev. B. A. Horton, Capt. 
 Charles L. Mitchell and Mr. J. N. But 
 ler, members of the Boston Suffrage 
 League and Citizens committees, then 
 the Sunday school children, led by 
 Mrs. Bush and attended by their 
 teachers, and then the citizens, men 
 and women. As the ckimes of the 
 Arlington Street church began to play 
 the tune of the "Battle Hymn of the 
 Republic," the procession started out 
 of the Library and in the snow storm 
 proceeded to Commonwealth avenue, 
 the sidewalks having been cleared for 
 the occasion by the city employes. As 
 the line turned into the boulevard it 
 was met with a blast of wind and sleet 
 that nearly took the children and wo 
 men off their feet. The slush was 
 ankle deep and the wind biting cold. 
 But, undaunted, the line moved across 
 the street into the mall and up to the 
 
 statue and encircled it. As they 
 reached the statue the children sang 
 two verses of the "Battle Hymn of the 
 Republic," the band playing the tune, 
 the chimes pealing it forth and Mr. 
 Geo. Sharper playing on the cornet. 
 The children read the verses from 
 souvenir cards, on one side of which 
 was the cut of the statue and on the 
 other a cut of Mr. Garrison. 
 
 At the statue the procession met the 
 venerable John W. Hutchinson, the 
 famous singer in the anti-slavery days. 
 
 The exercises were opened by C. G. 
 Morgan, Esq., as vice-president of the 
 Boston Suffrage League. This exer 
 cise was, indeed, the most heroic of 
 them all. Speaking in a voice of won 
 derful strength and richness, he said: 
 
 The day is very inclement, so we 
 shall remain at the statue but a very 
 few moments. I desire on behalf of 
 the citizens of Boston to say that we 
 have come here today to pay honor 
 to the greatest moral hero that Amer 
 ica ever produced. And we believe 
 the greatst moral hero the world ever 
 saw, but one, and that exception the 
 great Master of Men. William Lloyd 
 Garrison was undoubtedly the central 
 figure in that great struggle for human 
 liberty, for which the 19th century un 
 doubtedly stands. We have come to 
 day to place on this monument erect 
 ed in his honor by citizens of this his 
 toric city a very small indication of 
 the love and affection which we bear 
 him, and that indication is only a sym 
 bol of that chaplet which our hearts 
 will always wreathe and keep eter 
 nally green. 
 
 It gives me great pleasure to intro 
 duce to you here today as the friend 
 who will place it upon this memorial 
 monument one of the friends who 
 went to the front from Massachu 
 setts, one of the heroes of the big 
 contest, our esteemed friend, Capt. 
 Charles L. Mitchell. 
 
 Capt. Mitchell, assisted by Mr. Nath 
 aniel Butler, who worked in the of- 
 

 GARRISON STATUE ON CCMMOMWEALLH AVENUE MALL, BOSTON 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 fice of the "Liberator," placed the 
 wreath on the statue. It was a grand 
 sight to see these two venerable Col 
 ored friends and former employes of 
 the great abolitionist hobble up to 
 the statue and place the wreath at its 
 base. 
 
 The wreath was donated by Mr. 
 Benjamin F. Washington, the florist 
 of Stoughton, Mass. It was made up 
 by his daughter, Miss Addie H. Wash 
 ington. 
 
 The Rev. E. A. Horton, chaplain of 
 the state senate, then offered a won 
 derful prayer. He said: "Almighty 
 God, thou hast given us this beloved 
 land that we may have happy homes 
 and artful pursuits, but we thank 
 Thee most of all that Thou hast given 
 us illustrious, ardent souls that 
 inspired the minds and thrilled the 
 hearts of the freemen and freewomen 
 of this Republic. And here today, with 
 love, with an esteem that can 
 not be measured by words, 
 we place this chaplet. This is 
 not the first time, gracious Guardian 
 of the race, that these people 
 have had overcast skies and trou 
 blous times around them, and this 
 is not the first time that they 
 have come through victorious to 
 sing their psalms of thanksgiving. 
 And Our Father, may these peo 
 ple, our brethren, as they celebrate 
 these two days, the memory of this 
 great man, so teach all citizens that 
 forever and foremost in this land are 
 liberty and justice and brotherhood, 
 and may the exercises here brightly 
 close, as it were, and bring the sun 
 shine of happiness and encouragement 
 to every one of them and to every 
 one of us. Gracious God, we do not 
 forget, though busy and prosperous in 
 the present hour, what Thou hast 
 done for us in the past, what has been 
 done for us by those who in that day 
 
 and generation were buffetted and 
 scorned and were so cruelly misunder 
 stood. Our Heavenly Father, hear our 
 prayer. Bless these children, that 
 they may grow lip into true manhood 
 and true womanhood, and all 
 nationalities, all faiths, and all peoples 
 may live together beneath the flag 
 that means equality before the law. 
 This prayer we ask for those gathered 
 here and for the millions throughout 
 the Republic who are thinking of us 
 at this hour. And this we ask as disci 
 ples of the Christ and as children of 
 the Father. Amen." 
 
 Then Mr. Hutchinson, standing in 
 that howling gale, took his position 
 on the pedestal of the statue of his 
 former friend and co-laborer and ex 
 plained and sang in strong, melodious 
 tones the old-fashioned anti-slavery 
 songs, his long, white beard swaying 
 in the wind. 
 
 At the close the line started for a 
 short distance and then broke ranks, 
 many going to the Smith Court syna 
 gogue exercises. Mr. Mitchell and 
 Mr. Butler were taken there in a car 
 riage. 
 
 Two carriages containing members 
 of the Garrison family, drove up to 
 the statue while the exercises were in 
 progress. 
 
 The officers and members of the 
 Boston Brass band, who rendered 
 such fine service, marching through 
 the storm to the statue are Mr. Henry 
 Dixon, leader; Mr. James F. Ander 
 son, manager; Mr. T. Singleton, sec 
 retary; Mr. J. J. Dixon, treasurer; 
 Mr. C. iSullivan, librarian; Mr. Geo. 
 Jordan, president; Anderson, Sulli 
 van, Mack, Crawder, Leaney, Graves, 
 Wilder, J. W. Johnson, Colbert, J. 
 Johnson, J. Moore, Gillespie, Connell 
 Riley, Stewart, Fynes, Hodges, Scott, 
 Jordan, Walker, Salter, Carter, Single 
 ton, J. Dixon Lambert. 
 
OLD JOY STREET AFRICAN^ BAPTI ST CHURCH. SMITH COURT BOSTON 
 WHERE GARRISON BEGAN ORGAN ZED OPPOSITION TO SLAVERY 
 
99 
 
 Jit the "Jtnti* Slavery Fortress 
 
 OLD JOY STREET AFRICAN BAPTIST CHURCH 
 
 Now Synagogue Libavitz 
 
 The fourth session of the Citi 
 zens celebration began soon after 3 
 o clock, time being conceded to 
 allow those who had faced the storm 
 of sleet on the Commonwealth avenue 
 boulevard, to reach the building, the 
 Synagogue of the Congregation Liba 
 vitz, formerly the Joy street African 
 Baptist church in Smith court, a sa 
 cred spot in the anti-slavery history 
 of Boston. The session was in charge 
 of the Boston Literary and Historical 
 Association and the St. Mark Musical 
 and Literary Union, Boston s leading 
 literary societies. 
 
 The auditorium of the old church 
 where Mr. Garrison founded the New 
 England Anti-Slavery society in 1832, 
 and where many stirring events in 
 those days took place, and the gal 
 leries were filled to overflowing. Every 
 available seat was taken and people 
 standing reached out in the corridors 
 In fact as many as it was deemed safe 
 for the building s strength were crowd 
 ed into it. There was some effort 
 necessary at first to make the men un 
 derstand that they should keep thei, 1 
 heads covered in accord with the cus 
 tom of the Jews in their synagogues. 
 Seated on the small altar platform 
 were: Mr. Francis J. Garrison, son 
 of the Abolitionist, and member of the 
 great publishing house of Houghton, 
 Mifflin & Company, and Butler R. Wil 
 son, Esq., president of the Boston Lit 
 erary Association. On the first step 
 Miss Maude A. Trotter, president of 
 the St. Mark Union, was seated and 
 below and in front of the altar sat 
 Missee Lillian Chapelle and Bessie V. 
 Trotter, secretaries of the St. Marks 
 and of the Boston Literary respective 
 ly and the speakers. 
 
 Very attractive souvenir programs 
 of this session were distributed as were 
 the jsouvenir programs of the whole 
 Citizens two days ceremonies. 
 
 The ushers at this session from 
 
 the Boston Literary and St. Mark 
 Union were Misses Bessie Lee, Pearl 
 Scottron, Theresa and Leila Stubbs, 
 Maggie Walker and Kathryn Wright. 
 
 In opening Mr. Wilson said in part: 
 
 The object of our meeting today is 
 to, observe the 100th anniversary of 
 the birth of William Lloyd Garrison. 
 Of the value of his work and labor for 
 liberty and humanity we are not yet 
 perhaps able to speak with calm, dis 
 passionate judgment. Our love and 
 affection for him are still too warm 
 and deep to allow us to make a full 
 comprehensive analysis. The sigh in 
 the soul and the throb in the heart 
 are still ours. We cannot forget that 
 on our account no American was ever 
 so bitterly criticised and reviled. For 
 us he lived in the white light of a 
 cruel public criticism for a half cen 
 tury. For us he went to jail. He 
 faced mobs around him; senators and 
 members of congress could be bought; 
 press and pulpit could be throttled; 
 public opinion could be intimidated; 
 the conscience of a great people that 
 would flame at the theft of a dollar 
 could be lulled into indifference at 
 the theft of men and women. But 
 this man of simple manners, of plain 
 speech, of sweet temper, of modest, 
 retiring disposition, took a stand for 
 righteousness and justice, and though 
 the storms of opposition cavorted all 
 round about him, he stood there until 
 the storms had passed away and the 
 sunshine shone again. For us stand 
 ing immovable, because for us he 
 stood for the right. 
 
 I like best to think of Mr. Garri 
 son s simple manners, the simplicity 
 of his home life. It seems to me that 
 in all the matter that we have con 
 cerning him there is this one great 
 tribute to be gathered, neither friend 
 nor foe ever attacked the sweet, 
 white, clean personal living that was 
 his always. 
 
22 
 
 ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 Then Miss Emily Hallowell, of the 
 well known abolitionist family, and 
 Mrs. Mattie A. McAdoo sang two duets 
 most charmingly, plantation jubilee 
 songs, "Nobody Knows de Trouble I 
 See," and "Is Massa Gwine to Sell 
 Me." 
 
 After the singing Mr. Wilson in 
 troduced Mr. Frank J. Garrison, son 
 of the Abolitionist, who he said had 
 only come at the committee s most ur 
 gent request. 
 
 Mr. Garrison said in part: 
 
 When I was told that a meeting was 
 to be held in the Joy Street church, 
 and was urged to address it, I could 
 not refuse the request, for if there is 
 a spot in all this wide country where 
 it is fitting that this day should be 
 commemorated, it is in this old church 
 in which my father began his organ 
 ized opposition to slavery, and struck 
 the keynote for the multitude of anti- 
 slavery societies which sprang up over 
 the north as the consequence of the 
 one founded here on the 6th of Jan 
 uary, 1832. 
 
 No man made self of less considera 
 tion and to none was incense-burning 
 more distasteful (than my father). 
 
 If he could speak today, therefore, 
 he would pray to be spared eulogy, 
 and especially if offered by men who 
 are indifferent or recreant to the prin 
 ciples of the Declaration of Independ 
 ence and the Golden Rule, on which 
 he based his warfare. For his advo 
 cacy of liberty and justice had noth 
 ing to do with the complexion, sex 
 or nationality of those for whom he 
 pleaded these simply marked the vic 
 tims of oppression. Human rights 
 are the same everywhere, and in de 
 claring the world to De nrs country 
 and all mankind his countrymen, he 
 claimed the right to vindicate them, 
 regardless of geographical boundaries 
 and human enactments. 
 
 But there can be no question as to 
 the sincerity of the tributes of grati 
 tude that will be paid to William 
 Lloyd Garrison today by the race 
 whom he helped to liberate from bond 
 age, and it is most appropriate that 
 members of it should hold a service 
 in this building, where the first so 
 ciety in America to demand the im 
 mediate and unconditional abolition of 
 slavery was formed. Mr. Garrison said 
 his father had no sentiment for build 
 ings. But if virtue and piety are 
 taught by those old landmarks, then 
 
 surely the emancipated race in this 
 country may well regard this building 
 in which we are assembled as the Ark 
 of their Covenant. 
 
 I do not recall anything in my fa 
 ther s career that illustrates more 
 strikingly his sure instinct, his in 
 domitable courage, his unwavering 
 confidence in the power of truth over 
 all obstacles, than the stand he took 
 that stormy winter evening in the lit 
 tle schoolroom downstairs. 
 
 Towards the close of the year (1831) 
 he took steps for the formation of a 
 society to extend the agitation which 
 he had begun single-handed, and, af 
 ter three preliminary meetings, fifteen 
 persons gathered here in this building 
 on the evening of January 6, 1832, to 
 complete the organization. When the 
 preamble of the Constitution came up 
 for discussion, my father found that 
 three of his warmest supporters and 
 closest friends were unprepared to 
 subscribe their names to the demand 
 for immediate emancipation. They 
 believed in the doctrine. Two of them 
 the only two with pecuniary re 
 sources had helped tide the "Liber 
 ator" over the financial shoals of its 
 first year, and they were the only 
 members of the gathering who could 
 have been said to have what is called 
 social standing in the community. "It 
 is a mistake," they pleaded, "in try 
 ing to form a society and gain ad 
 herents, to demand immediate eman 
 cipation, for it will repel many good 
 men who would otherwise join us. Say 
 gradual emancipation, and many will 
 come to us." "Undoubtedly," replied 
 my father, "but they will not be worth 
 a straw. We must plant ourselves 
 on the bed-rock of immediatism. If 
 human beings can be justly held in 
 bondage a single hour, they can be 
 held for days and weeks and years, 
 and so on indefinitely, from genera 
 tion to generation. The question of 
 expediency has nothing to do with the 
 question of right, and it is not for 
 those who tyrannize to say when they 
 may safely break the chains of their 
 subjects. As well may a thief deter 
 mine on what particular day or month 
 he shall leave off stealing, with safe 
 ty to his own interest. Come, let us 
 proceed. We have twelve, the apos 
 tolic number, to begin with, even if 
 you cannot join us." And so, undis- 
 heartened by this withholding of his 
 weightiest associates Samuel E. Sew 
 all, Ellis Gray Loring and David Lee 
 Child he went ahead, and twelve 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 men, of whom not more than one or 
 two could have put a hundred dol 
 lars into the treasury without bank 
 rupting themselves, formed the New 
 England Anti-Slavery society. (Ap 
 plause.) Five of these were Mr. Gar 
 rison, his faithful partner, Isaac 
 Knapp, Oliver Johnson, afterwards 
 editor of the Anti-Slavery Standard, 
 Arnold Buffum, a Quaker hatter, and 
 Joshua Coffin, who had been school 
 master to the poet Whittier. The oth 
 er seven names you will not recog 
 nize, but I will read them in comple 
 tion of this roll of honor: Robert B. 
 Hall, William J. Snelling, John E. Ful 
 ler, Moses Thacher, Stillman B. New- 
 comb, Benjamin C. Bacon, Henry K. 
 Stockton. 
 
 "A fierce northeast storm, combin 
 ing snow, rain and hail, was raging 
 that night," wrote Oliver Johnson, 
 "and the streets were full of slush." 
 They were very dark, too, for the city 
 of Boston in those days was very eco 
 nomical of light on this side of Bea 
 con Hill. It almost seemed as if na 
 ture were frowning upon the effort to 
 abolish slavery, but as the little com 
 pany that formed the new society 
 were stepping out into the storm and 
 darkness from the African school- 
 house, Mr. Garrison impressively re 
 marked: "We have met tonight in 
 this obscure schoolhouse; our mem 
 bers are few and our influence limit 
 ed; but, mark my prediction, Faneuil 
 Hall shall ere long echo with the prin^ 
 ciples we have set forth. We shall 
 shake the nation by their mighty pow 
 er." 
 
 The roll of members which I hold 
 in my hand, and which increased in 
 numbers to seventy-two during the 
 next two years, contains the names 
 of many well-known Colored men of 
 that day. I know not how many of 
 them will be recognized by members 
 of this audience, but some of them 
 were household names in my boyhood, 
 and I know in what warm esteem my 
 father held John T. Hilton, the bar 
 ber in Howard street, Coffin Pitts, the 
 clothes dealer in Brattle street, James 
 C. Barbadoes, Philip A. Bell, and John 
 P. Pero, another barber. There were 
 at least five barbers on the roll, and 
 undoubtedly they improved their ex 
 ceptional opportunities for debate and 
 discussion while shaving and trim 
 ming their customers! Then there 
 was John E. Scarlett, a chimney 
 sweep, and one of the little band of 
 Colored men who constituted them 
 
 selves a body-guard to my father, and 
 sometimes followed him on his belated 
 and lonely midnight walks over Bos 
 ton Neck to his Roxbury home, in the 
 fall and winter of 1834, to guard him 
 against assault. There was Joel W. 
 Lewis, a blacksmith, Roberts, a steve 
 dore, Hannibal Lewis, a shoemaker, 
 and Solomon R. Alexander, a shoe 
 maker and carpenter in one. Other 
 barbers were Thomas Cole, John B. 
 Cutler, and James Barr, and there 
 were two waiters, Thomas Brown and 
 Thomas Dalton. And, finally, there 
 was Thomas Paul, the Negro appren 
 tice boy who was the "only visible 
 auxiliary" of my father when Mayor 
 Otis police officers entered the attic 
 printing office of the "Liberator" on 
 a detective hunt to oblige a southern 
 senator. 
 
 Not many great or many mighty 
 were called to the work at the outset, 
 but, as has so often been the case in 
 history, this far-reaching movement 
 was begun by obscure and humble 
 men. Behold what sprang from the 
 seed planted here that winter night! 
 Two years later the American Anti- 
 Slavery society was formed in Phila 
 delphia, and less than four years after 
 that, in 1837, Ellis Gray Loring could 
 write, "Our cause has advanced until 
 it numbers 800 societies. An anti- 
 slavery society has been formed in the 
 United States every day for the last 
 two years. There are 300 societies 
 in the single state of Ohio, one of 
 which numbers 4000 members." 
 
 I shall not detain you with any ac 
 count of the white members of the 
 New England society, save to note 
 that one of them, Moses Kimball, lived 
 to present, nearly fifty years later, the 
 bronze Emancipation group in Park 
 square to the city of Boston. 
 
 The confidence and loyal support of 
 the Colored people in Boston and oth 
 er northern cities, poor and humble 
 as they were, was a tower of strength 
 to my father, as he was a pillar of 
 light to them. He was not only the 
 first to make a common rally in the 
 slave s behalf under the banner of 
 immediate and unconditional emanci 
 pation. He was the first to address 
 on terms of equal brotherhood the 
 class next above the slaves in public 
 contempt and legal disability the 
 free blacks, and this was actually 
 made a reproach by one of the most 
 eminent Christian divines of the day! 
 In the second number of the "Libera- 
 
ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 tor" he courageously urged the re 
 peal of the laws forbidding marriage 
 between a white person and a Negro, 
 Indian or mulatto, and in the address 
 which he delivered to the Colored peo 
 ple of Boston and other cities in 
 June, 1831, he said: 
 
 "I never rise to address a Colored 
 audience without feeling ashamed of 
 my own color ; ashamed of being iden 
 tified with a race of men who have 
 done you so much injustice, and who 
 yet retain so large a portion of your 
 brethren in servile chains. To make 
 atonement, in part, for this conduct, 1 
 have solemnly dedicated my health 
 and strength, and life, to your ser 
 vice. I love to plan and to work for 
 your social, intellectual, political and 
 spiritual advancement. My happiness 
 is augmented with yours: in your suf 
 ferings I participate. 
 
 "Henceforth I am ready on all days, 
 on all convenient occasions, in all 
 suitable places, before any sect or 
 party, at whatever perils to my per 
 son, character, or interest, to plead 
 the cause of my Colored countrymen 
 in particular, and of human rights in 
 general. For this purpose, there is no 
 day too holy, no place improper, no 
 body of men too inconsiderable to ad 
 dress. For this purpose I ask no 
 church to grant me authority to speak 
 I require no ordination I am not 
 careful to consult Martin Luther, or 
 John Calvin, or His Holiness the 
 Pope. It is a duty which, as a lover 
 of justice, I am bound to execute; as 
 a lover of my fellow-men, I ought not 
 to shun; as a lover of Jesus Christ, 
 and of his equalizing, republican and 
 benevolent precepts, I rejoice to 
 meet." 
 
 Following this he gave them, with 
 out condescension and in a brotherly 
 spirit, much excellent advice and sug 
 gestion as to how they might improve 
 their own condition and promote the 
 education of their children. I know 
 nothing more touching than their re 
 sponse, or more truly prophetic, "Your 
 remarks," they wrote, "were full of 
 virtue and consolation, perfect in ex 
 planation, and furnished a rule to live 
 by and die by. We feel fully persuad 
 ed that the day cannot be far distant 
 when you will be acknowledged by 
 the very lips of those who now de 
 nounce, revile and persecute you as 
 the vilest and basest of men, the up- 
 rooter of all order, the destroyer of 
 our country s peace, prosperity and 
 happiness to be its firm reliance, its 
 
 deliverer, the very pillar of its fu 
 ture grandeur." 
 
 He often said that the highest com 
 pliment ever paid him, the only one 
 he cared to remember, was when Sir 
 Thomas Fowell Buxton of England 
 invited a large company "to meet Mr. 
 Garrison, the black advocate of eman 
 cipation from the United States." 
 (Laughter). Never was there a more 
 astonished host when the guest pre 
 sented himself. 
 
 "Yes; God is my witness!" he said 
 to the freedmen of Charlestown, South 
 Carolina, on that April day in 1865, 
 when, as the guest of the United 
 States Government, he visited the old 
 slave city and received the blessings 
 of the emancipated, "I have faith 
 fully tried in the face of the fiercest 
 opposition and under the most de 
 pressing circumstances, to make your 
 cause my cause, my wife and chil 
 dren your wives and children, sub 
 jected to the same outrage and deg- 
 redation. myself on the same auction 
 block to be sold to the highest bid 
 der." 
 
 History, as Colonel Higginson has 
 remarked, is apt to preserve but two 
 or three names in connection w r ith any 
 great movement, and, in the lengthen 
 ing perspective of time, it may be, as 
 he has suggested, that Garrison, Phil 
 lips and John Brown will be the names 
 chiefly associated with the anti-slav- 
 rry movement in the United States. 
 But as my father was ever eager to 
 recognize the services of his fellow- 
 workers, and to transfer to them the 
 laurels bestowed ui*on himself, so to 
 day he would insist on sharing with 
 them the honors paid to his memory, 
 and would refuse to be singled out 
 save as their representative." Mr. 
 Garrison quoted from his father to 
 show this to be true. 
 
 For myself, I can never think of 
 my father without seeing him sur 
 rounded by that noble band of men 
 and women who early rallied to his 
 support, who stood by him through 
 good and evil repute, and without 
 whose potent aid he could never have 
 maintained his crusade. Mr. Garrison 
 then enumerated and paid a tribute 
 to many of them. 
 
 He said he would not exaggerate the 
 perils and sufferings of the condemn 
 ed and unDODtilar abolitionists, there 
 were benefits as well as hardships. 
 
 "When my father passed away, the 
 reactionary movement against the ex 
 ercise of the elective franchise by the 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 2 5 
 
 southern freedmen had already set in, 
 and his last published utterance was 
 a protest against the proscription 
 which had driven hundreds of them 
 from Mississippi and Louisiana to Kan 
 sas. Since then the fraudulent tissue 
 ballots have been succeeded by no less 
 fraudulent enactments which have 
 practically disfranchised the Colored 
 population of the south, and if he 
 were to return today he would find 
 r.ot only the fifteenth amendment to 
 the constitution nullified, but the 
 thirteenth amendment, which abolish 
 ed slavery, defied by the wretches 
 who attempted a system of peonage 
 He would find Negroes excluded from 
 juries, from all town, city and state 
 governing bodies, denied legal inter 
 marriage with whites, restricted to 
 Negro galleries in the theatres and 
 Negro cars on the trains, subjected 
 to excessive penalties for violations 
 of law, and in many ways still vic 
 tims of that cruel and unrelenting 
 race prejudice which he assailed from 
 the outset of his warfare seventy- 
 five years ago. He would find women 
 denied their full political rights in all 
 but four states of the Union, and the 
 Chinese, whose claim to equal treat 
 ment with all other immigrants to 
 our shores be vindicated with his lat 
 est breath, still excluded as outcasts. 
 He would view with amazement the 
 spectacle of the United States seizing 
 distant islands, slaughtering their peo 
 ple by tens of thousands, and es 
 tablishing colonial government "with 
 out the consent of the governed." He 
 would be saddened by the mad in 
 crease of naval armaments, and the 
 increasing disposition to interfere in, 
 and arbitrarily regulate, the affairs of 
 feebler countries. He would deplore 
 the lowering of civic ideals, the 
 growth of the commercial spirit, which 
 have resulted in the widespread busi 
 ness and political corruption now be 
 ing uncovered in our country. But 
 would be disheartened or hopless as 
 to the future? Assuredly not! 
 
 Whoever follows the record of his 
 life will find that throughout his long 
 thirty years warfare, his courage and 
 hopefulness, his faith in God, his cer 
 tainty of the triumph of right, were 
 never greater than vhen the outlook 
 seemed darkest to others. So, to 
 day, he would pronounce the progress 
 made by the Colored population of the 
 south since emancipation a marvel 
 lous record for forty years. He would 
 
 exult in those beacon lights at Hamp 
 ton, Tuskegee, Atlanta, Fisk, Calhoun 
 and elsewhere in the south, and in 
 the steadily increasing number of 
 able and trained leaders of the race, 
 and would welcome with thankful 
 heart those scholarly and enlightened 
 white men of southern birth who are 
 more and more finding voice and 
 courage to demand fair play and 
 equal opportunity for all. Knowing 
 that, under our political system, the 
 only hope of correcting existing 
 abuses, lies in the education, moral 
 training and material progress of the 
 ignorant and degraded masses, on the 
 one hand, and the changed hearts of 
 the white leaders of the south, on 
 the other, he would find infinite en 
 couragement alike in such object les 
 sons as that wonderful procession, 
 marshalled by Booker Washington, 
 which passed before the president at 
 Tuskegee the other day, and in the 
 triumph of freedom of speech and op 
 inion won by the white faculty all 
 native southerners of Trinity college, 
 North Carolina, a few months ago. 
 
 I trust that the celebration of this 
 centennial anniversary will result not 
 merely in centering attention for a 
 moment on the man who was the 
 leader of the anti-slavery agitation, 
 but that they will turn many to a 
 careful study of one of the noblest, 
 as it was one of the most unselfish 
 and far-reaching, movements of any 
 time or land. 
 
 In conclusion, let me say how 
 gratefully the children and grandchil 
 dren of William Lloyd Garrison appre 
 ciate the honors that are bein.2: paid 
 to his memory today. In their behalf 
 I wish to thank all who have labored 
 to make the occasion significant and a 
 fresh inspiration to work for the 
 emancipation of the human race from 
 every form of injustice and oppres 
 sion. 
 
 Next came two more jubilee songs by 
 Mrs. McAdoo, "I m Rolling Through 
 an Unfriendly World," and "I Done, 
 Done What You Told Me To Do." 
 
 Mr. Wilson, in introducing the next 
 speaker, narrated a thrilling experi 
 ence of a mother and her little girl, 
 who were over two years in escaping 
 from slavery, finally being smuggled 
 to Boston on board ship, where they 
 were met by Lewis Hayden. This lit 
 tle woman was the character Eliza in 
 
26 
 
 ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 Uncle Tom s Cabin. The little girl, he 
 said, is now Mrs. Arianna Sparrow. 
 She was applauded as she came for 
 ward to speak. Her mother was the 
 late Mrs. Cooley. 
 
 Mrs. Sparrow said: My mother 
 was always asking me, "Don t you 
 want to go to Boston? don t you want 
 to be a nice lady? Don t you want to 
 be free?" I used to say "I don t want 
 to go away from my playmates; I 
 want to stay with them." After a while 
 she persuaded me to go, and I remem 
 ber she made an effort. One even 
 ing we started in and I think we must 
 have walked five miles to Norfolk, Va., 
 where a captain was to meet about 20 
 people and bring them here. After 
 this long walk we were disappointed; 
 the man who was to meet us was not 
 there, and we had to go back again 
 into the city. Well, two or three years 
 afterward she started again. She 
 would keep saying to me over and over 
 again, "you re going to be free, re 
 member, you re going to be tree." I 
 suppose she wanted to make me feel 
 satisfied with whatever inconvenience 
 she put me to for the sake of my free 
 dom. So finally, as Mr. Wilson says, 
 we came to Boston after a sail of a 
 week. Then Mr. Hayden met us at the 
 dock. I always loved Mr. Hayden. 
 He took me right up in his arms and 
 never let me out of them until we 
 landed in his doorway. I think it was 
 a rule for every escaped slave to re 
 port at the anti-slavery office. In time 
 we were taken down there and there I 
 saw a great many gentlemen busy. 
 They crowded around us, as my moth 
 er told her story. There was one, 
 however, who didn t seem to take 
 much notice. I afterward learned that 
 that was Mr. Garrison. Finally when 
 his attention was called to us he held 
 out his hand to me and said, "Come 
 here, little girl." He put his arms 
 around me and patted me on the head, 
 and asked me what I was going to do 
 now I was in Boston. "Are you going to 
 school?" I spoke right up and said 
 "Yes." Then he told me he hoped I 
 would grow up to be a grand good 
 woman. "Your mother," he said, "has 
 done an honorable thing for you." Af 
 terwards I used to follow up the anti- 
 slavery meetings. My mother later 
 on became so sensitive that she could 
 not go herself. She lost a very dear 
 brother and sister, they being sold 
 away through slavery, and she never 
 
 saw them again and we have never 
 heard of them since, and she never 
 got over the shock of losing them. So 
 I used to go to the meetings and bring 
 reports of the meetings home. Of 
 course I cannot say so very much of 
 what Mr. Garrison said, except that I 
 knew we had to sit a long time to lis 
 ten when he got upon the platform to 
 talk. I know it was always very sol 
 emn; there was never anything to 
 laugh at in his speeches. He used to 
 impress us with the direful wrong of 
 slavery, and I used to dread when he 
 got up, for I knew it was a long time 
 we had to sit there. I do not know 
 that I ever missed going to the meet 
 ings. When I saw Mr. Garrison on the 
 street I always used to bow to him. Of 
 course I don t think he remembered 
 me, but he used to bow to me and 
 pass on. I was a member of the anti- 
 slavery society. 
 
 I used to stay away from school to 
 attend the meetings. I asked my moth 
 er for a dollar and I joined the socie 
 ty. I think that dollar did for all my 
 life as long as I was a member of the 
 society. (Laughter.) I used to get 
 away from school to attend the meet 
 ings. Going to the teacher I would ask 
 to be excused, and she would ask me 
 what for, and I would say, "Why the 
 anti-slavery society meets this af 
 ternoon." "Well," she would say, 
 "what of that; what have you got to 
 do with it?" "Why," I would say, 
 "I ve got to be there. I ve got to go 
 with my mother. I think I saw Mr. 
 Garrison on the night of the Emanci 
 pation Proclamation. We were all in 
 Tremont Temple. He was a very sol 
 emn person. 
 
 Miss Alia W. Foster, the daugh 
 ter of Abby Kelly and Stephen 
 Foster, was introduced as a school 
 teacher in Boston and an inti 
 mate friend of Mr. Garrison and 
 his family. She said in opening that 
 she came primarily to try to make the 
 audience realize that such a man as 
 Mr. Garrison really did live. She said 
 her tribute was that of his wonderful 
 private home life, as she as a child 
 was often in the Garrison home. They 
 lived in a house in Dix place, in a lit 
 tle house, but yet it was the biggest 
 house she ever saw, especially when 
 there was a convention in town. The 
 children seemed to disappear when the 
 anti-slavery conventions adjourned to 
 Mr. Garrison s house. She said the 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 27 
 
 Garrisons were poor like all the abo 
 litionists, and turning to Mr. Garrison 
 on the platform she said, "Weren t 
 we poor, Mr. Garrison." (Laughter.) 
 She said she wondered how the family 
 got enough to eit, but Mrs. Garrison 
 was a great provider, and could make 
 her market basket of food go a long 
 ways. Yet the spiritual hospitality of 
 the family was the chief attraction in 
 their home. The talk was all of the 
 abolition movement, what this mob 
 had done, and that convention would 
 do. 
 
 Mrs. Garrison was as great as Mr. 
 Garrison, said the speaker, and with 
 out her, Mr. Garrison could never have 
 done what he did. She closed with a 
 tribute to the Abolitionist for his per 
 sonal aid to her mother as a woman 
 rights woman and for his work in that, 
 cause for all women. 
 
 Mr. John J. Smith, a man 85 years 
 of age, ascended the altar amid ap 
 plause and spoke briefly, saying: 
 
 Mr. Chairman I cannot express my 
 feelings. This place here is sacred. It 
 is the only place in early life where 
 Mr. Garrison could stand and that 
 they could not break up the meetings 
 and he could speak to the people. No 
 mob ever entered into this place to 
 take him out or to stop him from 
 speaking. I became acquainted with 
 Mr. Garrison in the latter part of 1840. 
 I desired to be introduced to Mr. Gar 
 rison. Coming from the south and be 
 ing a barber I had heard Mr. Garrison 
 spoken of in the barber shop, and 
 abused, etc., and I wanted to see this 
 wonderful man that there was so 
 much talk about. Well, I had been 
 born a freeman, and as Mrs. Sparrow 
 said, free people did not associate with 
 slaves. They thought themselves 
 above them. The white people had put 
 that barrier between them. Well, we 
 went over to the anti-slavery office. 
 Mr. Garrison had in his hand a "stick" 
 with type in it, and he said to me, 
 "Take a seat." About the third ques 
 tion asked me was, "Was I a slave?" 
 "No," I replied, pretty promptly, "but 
 I have seen slavery in all its forms/ 
 I went to work and commenced telling 
 him of all the horrors of slavery that 
 I had seen. When I said, "Well, there 
 are some good slaveholders." "No, 
 sir," he said, "there is not one good 
 one; not one of them." Then he be 
 gan asking me questions. Would I 
 think a man was good if he sold my 
 
 father and mother and they went 
 one way and I went another; would I 
 call him a good man? Of course I 
 had to say, no sir. I was convicted at 
 the start. I came out of that office a 
 wiser man. I commenced following 
 the Liberator. All Mr. Garrison s fol 
 lowers were true; they would stand by 
 him and would sacrifice their own 
 lives at any time for Mr. Garrison. [ 
 will tell you what I think of Mr. Gar 
 rison, and I have been trying to find 
 some one that I can put alongside of 
 him. I think Mr. Garrison was the 
 greatest man that this country ever 
 produced. Why, show me the man 
 that ever accomplished as much as 
 William Lloyd Garrison did in forty 
 years? I know of no one greater. And 
 he built his foundation on that dec 
 laration "immediate and uncondition 
 al emancipation," and he stood on that 
 foundation until the work was accom 
 plished. Moses comes nearest to him. 
 Who else? None other. Mr. Garri 
 son lived to see the whole country 
 free. He did a great work for the Ne 
 gro of this country when he washed 
 that foul stain from the good name of 
 Christian America, American slavery, 
 when he wiped that out, I say, he did 
 a great work for this nation and for 
 this people. I tell you, my friends, I 
 feel proud to think that I am living 
 today to hear from the son of the 
 noblest man that this country has 
 ever produced, to hear from him of the 
 work of a noble ancestor. 
 
 At the close of Mr. Smith s eloquent 
 tribute, which evoked much applause, 
 Mr. Garrison pointed to the banner in 
 the rear and said the motto thereon, 
 "Our trust for victory is solely in 
 God. We may be defeated but our 
 principles never," was incorrect in that 
 the word personally was left out be- 
 fore the word defeated. The banner 
 was one that used to hang in the anti- 
 slavery fairs and festivals, and the 
 words were from the declaration ot 
 sentiment written by Mr. Garrison and 
 signed at Philadelphia in the formation 
 of the American Anti-Slavery Associa 
 tion, December, 1833. 
 
 He also spoke of the bust of his 
 father, which Mr. Thomas P. Taylor 
 had kindly loaned, saying it was from 
 the last portrait made of his father 
 and his children think it the very best 
 ever made of him. It was made by 
 Miss Anne Whitney, and gave his 
 father great pleasure that a woman did 
 the work. 
 
28 
 
 ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 After two more jubilee songs by the 
 same two singers, "I m Gwine lo 
 Sing," and "My Way s Cloudy," Mrs. 
 C. G. Morgan was introduced. 
 
 Mrs. Morsan read a beau 
 tiful tribute to Mr. Garrison s wife, 
 after eulogizing Mr. Garrison as one 
 of such largeness of soul that it makes 
 one feel the story of his life is in 
 complete without the mention of that 
 gentle spirit whose soul also cast in 
 an heroic mould was conspici ous 
 among the noble women of her day in 
 the great cause for which her husband 
 labored so assiduously." 
 
 She said further in part: 
 
 This occasion is especially to honor 
 the Titanic leader of that movement 
 who was forcad to say of himself: 
 "It is my lot to be branded through 
 this country as an agitator, a fanatic, 
 an incendiary and a madman. There 
 is one epithet, I fervently thank God 
 that has never been applied to me, I 
 have never been stigmatized as a 
 slaveholder, or as an apologist of 
 slavery." 
 
 We do not hesitate to say that the 
 bigotry of William Lloyd Garrison 
 lay in his righteous pertinacity of 
 aim and purpose, his fanaticism in 
 holding the abhorrent sin of slavery 
 before the public eye in season and 
 out of season his madness in the 
 steadfast resolution to stand if he 
 stood alone against the sin of the 
 slave system, and if agitator he must 
 be called it was because he cried 
 out for the only peace that could en 
 dure, and the only ouiet that could 
 be permanent that built upon the 
 recognition of the brotherhood of man, 
 as an incendiary he burnt only the 
 dross, and his infidelity was a devout 
 constancy to truth. 
 
 And it is a cheering sight to see 
 this strong man at the world s 
 convention in 1840 absolutely refuse 
 to take his seat on the floor of the 
 convention or lend his voice in the 
 proceedings because his co-delegates, 
 the women, were refused admission. 
 
 Helen Eliza Benson, the wife, was 
 born in Providence, lived in youth in 
 Brooklyn, Conn., and had noble par 
 ents, her father being an abolutionist 
 She was comely, thoughtful, courteom 
 and kind, and Garrison fell in love 
 with her at first sight. The mar 
 riage of these two, ever faith 
 ful and loyal to each other, was 
 consummated in the fall of 1834. in 
 the midst of a period when the Liber 
 
 , through its forceful messages of 
 truth and freedom, was already reap 
 ing a harvest of abuse, threatened 
 violence, and even assassination from 
 the South, and both derision and 
 obloquy from the well-dressed but 
 ill-bred in the North. Leaving a 
 home of safety and coming to one 
 wherein she and her husband dwelt 
 almost constantly in the shadow of 
 martyrdom had no fears for this 
 noble young woman. Such dauntless 
 courage and such fidelity to the right 
 surely gave a new impetus to the self- 
 sacrificing task of William Lloyd 
 Garrison. 
 
 It may be that Ruskin is quite right 
 in saying "that the buckling on of 
 the knight s armor by his lady s hand 
 was not a mere caprice of romantic 
 fashion, but rather the type of eternal 
 truth, and that the soul s armor is 
 never well set-to unless a woman s 
 hand has braced it." Never was wo 
 man better adapted for bracing se 
 curely the armor of a knight than 
 Helen Eliza Garrison, to whom the 
 following tribute was paid by Wendell 
 Phillips, "Her own life and her hus 
 band s moved hand in hand in such 
 loving accord and seemed so exactly 
 one, that it was hard to divide their 
 work." 
 
 How significant and yet how pa 
 thetic when the triumph came Mrs. 
 Garrison s bodily activity was over, 
 for she became an invalid and remain 
 ed so until the end of that useful and 
 strikingly beautiful life. 
 
 At the close of Mrs. Morgan s ad 
 dress, a collection was taken for the 
 suffering Jews in Russia, out of ap 
 preciation for the use of the synagogue 
 and amounted to over $36. 
 
 Perhaps the climax of the meeting 
 for pathos and vivid portrayal, came 
 in the last address, that of the vener 
 able Colored woman, Miss Eliza Gard 
 ner, who had gone to school in the 
 vestry of that very church edifice, 
 All eyes were moist as she closed, 
 breaking down under her emotion-. 
 Miss Gardner said in part: 
 
 I feel too deeply moved by the events 
 that occurred forty years ago to speak 
 as my heart would dictate. I feel so 
 keenly the many things that have 
 been said about Mr. Garrison and his 
 friends and the times in which they 
 lived and moved. From my earliest 
 childhood I remember that I had a 
 mother who was interested in the an 
 ti-slavery movement, and I can re- 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 29 
 
 member that when my father got a 
 home for wife and children that in 
 that home there was a room for the 
 panting fugitive who would come tap 
 ping at the door, sometimes in the 
 midnight hour, seeking a refuge. And 
 so from a very young child I com 
 menced attending the anti-slavery 
 meetings. My mind goes back to Tre- 
 mont Temple and the meetings there. 
 I can hardly realize and these young 
 people can hardly realize that in Bos 
 ton, when Mr. Garrison would attempt 
 to speak, he would not be allowed to. 
 From the galleries the mob would 
 shout and sing, and we always sat on 
 the lower floor, and we had to dodge 
 the cushions and things that woiud 
 be hurled from the galleries. They 
 would hoot and shout, trying to sing 
 John Brown s Body is Marching On, 
 while the mob would yell, and the 
 cushions coming down, while we had 
 to duck our heads to keep them from 
 coming upon us. At the Tremont 
 Temple one morning I remember par 
 ticularly, they said for the safety of 
 the building the meeting must ad- 
 jovrn, and the pastor* of this church, 
 Rev. Sella Martin, stepped to the front 
 and said, "This meeting will not close 
 but will adjourn to meet in my church 
 the Joy Street Baptist church tonight 
 That meeting adjourned and we met 
 here. I do not know that I was as 
 brave as my own dear mother, but 
 so terrible were the scenes at that 
 time that I was afraid to stay in the 
 house, but I was equally afraid to go 
 out of the door (Laughter.) I remem 
 ber sitting up in that gallery and 
 hearing the hooting mob on the out 
 side, a mob that stretched from this 
 court to Cambridge street, waiting for 
 Wendell Phillips, and determined tint 
 somebody wou:d be sacrificed that 
 night. He cEme up the aisle leaning 
 on the arm of Francis Chapman, and 
 with him, I am thankfrl so say, were 
 seven or eight black men, ready to do 
 or die. (Applause.) John Brown, Jr.. 
 was there, too, and standing on the 
 platform, he tcok out knives, pis 
 tols, and anything that would defend 
 and told the congregation what to do. 
 We had a glorious meeting. The 
 speaking was almost divine. I kept 
 listening, and I said to my mother, 
 "We are having a good time in here, 
 but hear the mob outside." The meet 
 ing was dismissed, and they got the 
 women and children out through a 
 rear way that the mob did not know 
 
 about. There was one man, John Mul 
 ligan, who kept a sailor s boarding 
 house, who had slain his man and 
 served his time in defense of his 
 rights. When he and his men went 
 out, the mob said, "Here comes Mulli 
 gan," and they parted and let him O 
 through. 
 
 As we came out through that rear 
 way onto Irving street and Russell 
 street, the crowd seemed to realize 
 that we were escaping them, and -they 
 surged down through Cambridge 
 street. My mother and I went down 
 Anderson street. The Phillips school- 
 house was just being built, and the 
 stones and bricks were piled up there, 
 and they did good service that night. 
 And there was bloodshed that night, 
 for I saw a man with the blood 
 streaming from his face where he had 
 been cut on the forehead. As we 
 reached the house of Mr. John J. Smith 
 he opened his doors and he allowed my 
 mother and myself to come in, and we 
 remained there until it was safe for 
 us to pass out. 
 
 These scenes are fresh with me to 
 day. I can scarcely realize that they 
 have passed away, perhaps forever. 
 And sometimes when I read of the 
 horrible outrages perpetrated upon my 
 race in the southland now, I wonder 
 if they are over. (Here Miss Gardner 
 sobbed and buried her face in her 
 hands, while many others wept.) 
 And I can almost invoke Mr. Garri 
 son s presence from the spirit-land to 
 again fight the battle. 
 
 The members of the Garrison fam 
 ily at the Synagogue were: Mr. Wm. 
 Lloyd Garrison, Mrs. Fanny Garrison 
 Viliard, Mr. and Mrs. Francis J. Gar 
 rison, Mrs. George T. Garrison, Mr. 
 and Mrs. Charles Garrison, Mr. and 
 Mrs. W. L. Garrison. Jr., Miss Margaret 
 Garrison, Mr. and Mrs. Frank W. Gar 
 rison, Mr. Rhodes Anthony Garrison, 
 Mr. Harold Garrison Viliard, Mr. Os 
 wald Garrison Viliard, Master Wen 
 dell H. Garrison, Master Robert H. 
 Garrison. 
 
 Four descendants of Arnold Buffum 
 were there also, namely his grand 
 daughter, Mrs. Mary Chace Tolman of 
 West Newton, her two sons, Richard 
 and Edward Tolman, and Mr. Arthur 
 Wyman of Valley Falls, R. I., another 
 great-grandson. These four and the 
 members of the Garrison family were 
 the only descendants of the twelve 
 founders of the first anti-slavery so 
 ciety who were present. , 
 
FANEUIL HALL- BOSTON 
 AMERICA S "CRADLE OF LIBERTY" 
 
Exercises of Monday, December ff, 
 1905. In Faneuil Hall 
 
 MORNING SESSION 10.30 o clock 
 
 The fifth session of the citizens 
 celebration took place Monday morn 
 ing at Faneuil Hall, and was in charge 
 of the Women s clubs and the Vet 
 eran s Associations. The session 
 was opened with prayer by Rev. 
 D. R. Wallace. Then Adjutant Wal 
 ter J. Stevens of the Peter Salem Gar 
 rison Spanish War Veterans, chairman 
 of the joint committee in charge of the 
 session made the introductory re 
 marks. He said it seemed particularly 
 fitting to meet in Faneuil hall. Those 
 who heard the speakers on Sunday 
 praiise Mr. Garrison must have been 
 filled with conflicting emotions. He said 
 that as he sat in the Smith court syna 
 gogue he almost felt he could hear the 
 howling of that mob, but today in Fan 
 euil hall he felt in a freer atmosphere. 
 He was unable, he said to voice the 
 obligation owed to Mr. Garrison. Then 
 he introduced Miss Eliza Gardner to 
 preside. 
 
 Miss Gardner said Ga,rrison was one 
 of the greatest men who ever lived. 
 She mentioned men and women who 
 aided Garrison in his work, and said 
 Mrs. Julia Ward Howe s "Battle Hymn 
 of the Republic" meant more to the 
 Negro race than even the "Star 
 Spangled Banner," She said the Col 
 ored folk themselves were among the 
 willing helpers of Garrison, remarking 
 that many knew well how Mrs. Scar 
 let s little tailor shop in Spring Lane 
 was a place where aid could always 
 be found when there was a fugitive to 
 be cared for. Mrs. Mary Buchanan, 
 whose family were among the early 
 helpers of Garrison, and who herself 
 was associated in that work, reviewed 
 facts in the life of the great liberator. 
 
 After this, the entire audience stood 
 while Miss Georgietta Woodest sang 
 "The Star Spangled Banner." Mrs. 
 Wm. H. Hamilton was the piano ac 
 companist. 
 
 Miss Gardner then introduced the 
 Chaplain of the State Senate, Rev. E. 
 A. Horton, who said there was nothing 
 more touching than to have one speak 
 in an assemblage like this of the past, 
 and show by the thrill of the voice 
 and the moistened cheek that that 
 space of time is all wiped out and the 
 one she loved as a leader seems to be 
 by her side. That makes things real, 
 takes Garrison off the printed page 
 and out of the frame and gives him 
 10 us as a man who lived and had his 
 friends and knew the delights of life. 
 
 He aaid in coming down Com 
 monwealth avenue to the meeting 
 he had noticed that the wreath 
 placed on the Garrison statue had 
 been removed. A neighbor told him 
 that a workman had taken it away. 
 I didn t go out there in the slush and 
 wet yesterday to ha,ve the wreath we 
 placed there taken away in a few 
 hours by a workman. Tftat wreath 
 ought to go back there, and it ought to 
 stay through the day. Cries of 
 "Shame! shame" came from different 
 parts of the hall, but the speaker said 
 he did not mean to start any sensation, 
 but merely to state a, fact; and there 
 after he spoke of the significance of 
 numerous incidents in Garrison s life. 
 
 "I wish to say to my brethren of the 
 people who have so enthusiastically 
 remembered this anniversary, one of 
 your number said to me yesterday as 
 we were mafrching from the Boston 
 
ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 Public library to the statue on Com 
 monwealth avenue, "Well, thank 
 Heaven, there is one man at least un 
 der whom we all drill and train and 
 progress. By the memory of Garri 
 son all factions are united among the 
 Colored people, and it betokens 
 strength for your cause. 
 
 "I hope the time is nigh at hand 
 when the principles expressed by 
 Booker T. Washington and Prof. Du- 
 bois will come together and coalesce 
 and make one." 
 
 What a fearful price was paid that 
 slavery misht be cut down and the 
 Union preserved. But it was the Al 
 mighty s penalty inflicted for the 
 wrong done by the American people. 
 Now I want you of the Colored race 
 to take this great fact for encourage 
 ment to you and to me and to all. 
 Why are you crowning Garrison today 
 with such laurels of heartfelt praise? 
 Because he was eloquent? Colonel 
 Higginson, noble name of a noble 
 man, Higginson who led the Colored 
 troops at Wagner, says, "I never list 
 ened to Garrison when I thought he 
 was interesting." He claims that 
 Garrison never had oratorical powers. 
 Garrison conquered by a sceptre that 
 is grander than many worded elo 
 quence or the logical sequence of ad 
 dress. He conquered by the ignited 
 glowing :>ower of moral conviction. 
 
 While Rev. Horton was speaking, 
 Mrs. Julia Ward Howe came in. Th<> 
 audience stood up and applauded vig 
 orously until she had taken her seat 
 upon the platform. 
 
 At the close of Chaplain Horton s 
 remarks Principal Alonzo Meserve of 
 the Bowdoin Grammar school was in 
 troduced. He spoke of his personal 
 recollections of Garrison. He said in 
 part: 
 
 My remarks will be mainly of a 
 reminiscent character, a man s recol 
 lections of his youthful observations 
 of the last decade of the anti-slavery 
 agitation. The Garrisonians were men 
 and women terribly in earnest. They 
 did not use soft words to express 
 their horror of slavery, and they were 
 not much disturbed at the not always 
 choice epithets hurled at them in re 
 turn. One of their common expres 
 sions was, "We must feel for those in 
 bonds as bound with them." They 
 were moral force incarnate, the logi- 
 cai and lineal descendants of the Eng 
 lish yeomanry who, under Cromwell, 
 
 threw down the gauntlet to the Stuart 
 cavaliers. I well remember Mr. Gar 
 rison. He had the head of a philoso 
 pher, bald, a kindly face; he wore 
 spectacles, his rather slow movement 
 of speech, devoid of gestures, some 
 what cold as a speaker, but always 
 the center of interest, admiration and 
 love to the poor, plain, moral people 
 who mainly made up his following. I 
 heard him say one Sunday evening in 
 answer to a preceding speaker that 
 a man ought not to tell ?. He to save 
 his life. "Let justice be done, 
 tnough the heavens fall," was anoth 
 er expression often falling from the 
 lips of his followers. The last time 
 I saw Mr. Garrison he was slowly 
 walking up Cornhill, wearing a very 
 long coat and a soft gray hat. His 
 whole bearing was that of a scholarly 
 gentleman, a benevolent, dignified 
 man. 
 
 Near the scene where Geo. Thomp 
 son was mobbed at Abington, a 
 scene which made an abolitionist of 
 my father, is the beautiful Island 
 Grove. For a score of years on the 
 anniversary of British West Indies 
 emancipation immense gatherings 
 came to celebrate the event. These 
 meetings were under the direction of 
 the Mass. Anti-Slavery society. I have 
 seen and heard there Mr. Garrison, 
 Wendell Phillips, Senator Charles 
 Sumner, Gov. John A. Andrew, Vice- 
 President Henry Wilson, Geo. Thomp 
 son, Dr. Lyman Beecher, Parker Pills- 
 bury, Rev. Samuel J. May and his 
 father, Henry C. Wright, Charles L. 
 Remond, Wm. Wells Brown, Abby 
 Kelley Foster, the Grimkie sisters, 
 Stephen S. Foster and many other 
 leading abolitionists. 
 
 In closing, I will add that on the 
 25th anniversary of the mobbing of 
 Geo. Thompson ten thousand people 
 gathered to give him a hearty wel 
 come in the Island Grove, a half mile 
 from the spot where he was mobbed. 
 The utmost respect was paid him and 
 he delivered one of his masterly ora 
 tions. 
 
 I am ready to say that the black 
 race is just as potential a people as 
 any other race on this globe. I do 
 not say that to evoke your applause; 
 I say it because I feel it down deep in 
 my heart, and it is furthermore 
 drubbed into my head because I have 
 been brought in contact with your 
 children, and it has been my privilege 
 to be a humble leader in trying to 
 make them see more of the good 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 33 
 
 tilings in this world than their fath 
 ers saw. In 1897 there was a class of 
 about 50 graduated from my school. 
 The number one scholar was a Col 
 ored girl, the number two scholar was 
 a Colored girl, the number three 
 scholar was a Jewish girl, and then 
 the Plymouth Rock Yankees and the 
 Irish Americans and the Germans 
 came along, glad to be in the proces 
 sion under that leadership. So I say 
 to you, just try and meet every oppor 
 tunity you can get- in the way of edu 
 cation, especially because in this 
 country education is the poor man s 
 lever by which he raises himself to 
 the highest positions of honor and 
 trust. 
 
 He also exhibited a copy of The Lib 
 erator, Garrison s paper, of date Nov. 
 25, 1859. which aroused much applause. 
 
 While Mr. Meserve was speaking the 
 pupils of his ninth grade, with a flag 
 at their head entered the hall, escorted 
 by Mrs. Addie H. Jewell and marched 
 down the side aisle and took seats, 
 amid great applause. 
 
 Mrs. Julia W. Howe was introduced 
 and was greeted with applause and 
 waving of handkerchiefs. She said in 
 part: 
 
 Miss President and dear friends: 
 I am here with a word only, of grati 
 tude to one of the benefactors of the 
 human race. The colored people of 
 the south were considered of small ac 
 count in the days when Mr. Garrison 
 took up their cause. Their ancestors 
 had in the first instance been stolen 
 from their own country, had been sold 
 like merchandise and driven like cat 
 tle. North and south submitted to this 
 state of things, although there were 
 some who wished very much that 
 things had turned out otherwise but 
 did not see how the matter was to be 
 helped. Then rose up William Lloyd 
 Garrison in the strength of his plain, 
 simple manhood to protest ajgainst 
 the outrage of such treatment of hu 
 man beings made in God s image for 
 all the good things of life. How brave 
 ly he stood against the censure of so 
 ciety, against the threats and violence 
 of the mob. 
 
 Your race is coming now to 
 have noble representatives. Hampton 
 and Tuskegee speak out. Paul Dunbar 
 and Prof. Dubois (applause) represent 
 you creditably in the literary world. 
 Harvard college honors your athletes 
 and applauds your writers. The word 
 
 has gone forth for you. Go up higher; 
 go up higher, and the divine order of 
 things is on your side." 
 
 After Mrs. Howe finished the school 
 children sang the Battle Hymn of the 
 Republic," the verses being sung as a 
 solo by Marie Scott and the rest 
 joining in the chorus. In the chorus 
 after the last verse all joined, led by 
 Mrs. Howe, who indicated the rhythm 
 by the waving of her hand. 
 
 The pupils, all the school girls, sang 
 "Speed Our Republic," the piano ac 
 companiment being played by Mrs. 
 Wm. H. Hamilton. Then the entire 
 audience sang "America," led by the 
 school children. 
 
 This ended the first half of the ses 
 sion and Miss Gardner yielded the 
 gavel to Adjt. Isaac S. Mullen of the 
 Robert A. Bell Post 134, G. A. R. 
 
 Mr. Mullen quoted the poet Whit- 
 tier s praise of ttie purity of Mr. Gar 
 rison s life. He spoke of his own 
 school-days in the basement of the 
 Smith court church. He said the 
 memory of Garrison lived, "not alone 
 in the written history of the conflict 
 to which he was devoted, but in the 
 hearts of those millions who were 
 benefited by his adherence to their 
 cause. He said the riots at the North 
 were led by the men who profited by 
 the African slave trade, and that free 
 dom in America then applied only to 
 white people, despite the heroism of 
 the Colored men on sea with Perry, 
 and on land with Andrew Jackson, 
 but Garrison arose and by his agita. 
 tion brought universal freedom, 
 though bitterly assailed for his views. 
 In closing he hoped that the founda 
 tion upon which Garrison built his 
 superstructure, and the benefits de 
 rived therefrom, might always be 
 kept in the memory of rising genera 
 tions, and the generations yet to 
 come, and that the efforts now so 
 grandly made for the observance of 
 this 100th anniversary would not 
 gradually "crumble into dust, and like 
 the baseless fabric of a vision leave 
 scarce a memory behind," but that it 
 would continue as an incentive to all 
 peoples and nations of the earth. 
 
 Mr. Mullen then introduced Mjrs. 
 Agnes Adams, who said in part: 
 
 It has been just 41 years since an 
 emancipated people stood upon the 
 threshhold of a new era, facing an un 
 known and uncertain future, home- 
 
34 
 
 ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 less, penniless and nameless. Then 
 it wast that the women of the race 
 said: "I will mother this people 
 in every avenue of life." Although 
 two hundred and fifty years of bond 
 age had outraged every feeling of 
 wife and motherhood, had steeped 
 their lives for generations in immor 
 ality, yet she said, "I will do my best." 
 I will work in the field all day beside 
 my husband and will work all night 
 that the boy and girl may go to 
 school, that the husband may succeed 
 in business, that our little home may 
 be paid for. The great army of law 
 yers, teachers, and doctors, and the 
 thousands of homes owned by our 
 people go to prove how well she has 
 kept her bond of the many struggles 
 of the mother to protect her home 
 and her children while the husband 
 was away; of the struggle to keep up 
 and of the anguish of the parents 
 when they returned home to find a 
 little pile of smouldering ashes all 
 that was left of what was their home. 
 Now we turn to a new era, when a 
 new picture presents itself. Co-oper 
 ation was now their watchword. And 
 so they formed themselves into clubs. 
 The women of my race said if it is 
 necessary for a race that has had two 
 thousand years the start of us to es 
 tablish such things, how much more 
 necessary that we should do so. Our 
 first coming together was held in Bos 
 ton in Berkeley Temple eleven years 
 ago, under the Era club. They came 
 to that convention from the Pacific 
 slope, from the Atlantic and the gulf 
 states. They sat in that convention 
 three days asking the question, What 
 must we do? They went forth from 
 that convention organizing clubs 
 throughout the country until we now 
 number over one hundred. We have 
 not always done our best. One of our 
 great struggles has been how to keep 
 our husbands and children from being 
 infidels. We have not always 
 done our best, but we do hope to do 
 better in the coming years. We are 
 trying to teach our children the im 
 portance of leading the simple life. 
 We are trying to teach them the val 
 ue of honest labor. 
 
 And we have with us the great 
 characters of the mother and the 
 wife of Garrison, who was with him in 
 every struggle. 
 
 Miss Denby sang "The Lord is My 
 Ligiht" most beautifully and as an 
 encore "O, Dry Those Tears." 
 
 Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, introduced 
 as Mrs. Judge Terrell of Washington, 
 D. C. said in part: The honor 
 which you confer upon me seems great 
 er than I can bear. The facts associated 
 with Faneuil hall are sacred to me. It 
 never occurred to me I should be able 
 to stand on the platform of Faneuil 
 hall, where Wm. Lloyd Garrison, Wen 
 dell Phillips ajid those other cham 
 pions of liberty stood, where they 
 roused this nation to the awfulness 
 of the crime of slavery. In spite of all 
 the hardships to which we are sub 
 jected I believe things will be better 
 tomorrow, but the love of liberty, 
 which prompted the Pilgrim Fathers to 
 forsake home and friends, I believe is 
 being submitted to the children s chil 
 dren forever. 
 
 I cannot help feeling that if Wil 
 liam Lloyd Garrison and Wendell 
 Phillips and those other men could 
 come here today they would be dread 
 fully pained and shocked to find what 
 a revolution on the race Question has 
 taken place in the short time of forty 
 years. But, my friends, though op 
 pression and injustice stalk about the 
 land, I sometimes think that retribu 
 tion may be coming on apace with a 
 strong, avenging hand. 
 
 Mr. Mullen then read the caution 
 contained in the souvenir program, 
 saying we did not have to do that now. 
 
 He then introduced Mr. James H. 
 Wolfe, Commander of the Massachu 
 setts Department of the G. A. R. 
 
 Mr. Wolfe said in part: 
 
 "I knew Mr. Garrison personally 
 and am proud of the fact. Let us 
 draw what lesson we can from his 
 great and good life and let us see if 
 we have any of the qualities that com 
 pose his splendid character. Let us 
 see if be not true that a race lifted 
 from slavery by the work of Garri 
 son is not forgiLg ahead at a speed 
 worthy of him. It is an important 
 fact that the conditions are so chang 
 ed that the southern attack upon the 
 blacks is never single-handed but al 
 ways strong in numbers. Garrison 
 rave us a flag and a country and it 
 behooves us to remember that that 
 flag was fought for and won by Neg 
 roes. Never in our country s history 
 has a Colored man been a traitor. 
 Race prejudice is rampant in certain 
 parts of our country and sooner or 
 later we must come to our defence. 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 35 
 
 We are men and can suffer for what 
 are our rights and from somewhere 
 there will come to us a leader. I 
 would rather have the ballot than a 
 bank account, for what good can 
 money do me when I can not have a 
 hand in the passing of my country s 
 laws. Money is powerful but the ex 
 ercise of franchise is far more power 
 ful. I am hopeful over the revival of 
 oratory among us and I believe that 
 the race problem is simply a question 
 of fair play for our boys and girls. 
 We ask for opportunity in proportion 
 to our merit. I am glad to pay tribute 
 to the great Wm. Lloyd Garrison, 
 whose work cannot be depreciated and 
 my earnest hope is that we may ef 
 fectually finish the fight he so success 
 fully made for us." 
 
 Motion was then maide by Mr. J. A. 
 Crawford that a committee of five be 
 appointed from this meeting to go with 
 a committee from the Boston Suffrage 
 League to go to the office of the Mayor 
 to have the wreath replaced on the 
 Garrison statue. Adjt. W. J. Stevens, 
 Mr. John J. Smith, C. G. Morgan, Esq., 
 W. M. Trotter, J. A. Crawford, T. P. 
 Taylor, Milton Walker and Rev. Wm. 
 H. Scott were appointed. 
 
 Chairman Mullen read verses from 
 page 10 of the Souvenir Program and 
 
 then announced a solo by Miss Rosa 
 M. Cuffee. 
 
 This session closed with benediction 
 by Rev. F. G. Snelson, pastor of the 
 St. Paul Baptist church, Cambridge. 
 
 Faneuil hall was beautifully dec 
 orated with flags and bunting by the 
 New England Decorating company. 
 Upon a platform in front of the desk 
 was a large life-size crayon portrait 
 of Mr. Garrison, draped, which was 
 loaned by Mr. Francis J. Garrison, 
 and on one side of the platform was a 
 bust of the emancipator, which Mr. 
 T. P. Taylor loaned for the occasion. 
 
 The committee in charge of this ses 
 sion were: Adjt. Walter J. Stevens, 
 chairman, Miss Josephine B. Selden, 
 secretary; Mrs. Addie H. Jewell, Mrs. 
 Olivia Bush, Mrs. R. C. Ransom, Mrs. 
 iSmith, Commander A. Ditmus, Mrs. 
 Jewell, Mrs. E. M. Gotten, Mrs. Hard 
 ing, Mrs. E. Allston, Mrs. Williams, 
 Mrs. Hall, Mrs. Hannah Smith, Mrs. 
 George Lewis, Mrs. C. E. France, re 
 presenting the following clubs and 
 organizations: John Brown Memorial, 
 Protective League, King s Daughters, 
 Queen E sther, Women s Era, Ruth Cir 
 cle, Maternal Association, Queen Es 
 ther s Court, Lily of the Valley Mis 
 sion, Foreign Missions, G. A. R., Shaw 
 Veteran Association, Peter Salem Gar 
 rison and Household of Ruth. 
 
AFTERNOON SESSION, 3 O CLOCK 
 
 The sixth session of the Citizens 
 celebration began at 3 o clock on Mon 
 day at Faneuil hall. The hall was 
 well filled. Upon the platform were: 
 Mr. John J. Smith, Mrs. Betsey Blake- 
 ley Hudson, known as "Mr. Garrison s 
 gift," escaped fugitive slave, who 
 was brought from the wharf to an an 
 ti-slavery meeting in Faneuil hall, 
 then called Betsey Blakeley; Rev. J. H. 
 Wiley, Wm. Lloyd Garrison, Mrs. Fan 
 ny Garrison Villard of New York, 
 daughter of Garrison; O. G. Villard of 
 New York, editor of New York Even 
 ing Post, grandson of Garrison; Capt. 
 Charles L. Mitchell, Hon. Moor.ield 
 Storey, Hon. A. E. Pillsbury, Mr. J. 
 Nathaniel Butler, Miss Alia W. Foster, 
 daughter of Abbey Kelley Foster and 
 Stephen Foster; Hon. A. A. Perry, 
 Miss Pauline Hopkins, Frank Sanborn, 
 Mr. A. M. Howe, Rev. A. A. Berle, 
 Rabbi Chas. Fleischer, Rev. Byron 
 Gunner, Prof. Albert B. Hart, John D. 
 Long, trustee of Zion A. M. E. Zion 
 church, E. H. Clement, editor of Tran 
 script; John W. Hutchinson, Walter 
 Allen, editor of The Herald; Emory T. 
 Morris, C. G. Morgan, Miss Alice 
 Stone Blackwell, Mrs. Lucia Ame> 
 Mead, Rev. Wm. H. Scott, president of 
 Boston Suffrage league; John W. 
 Smith, an old anti-slavery printer, 
 Joshua A. Crawford, Walter Thomas, 
 T. P. Taylor, W. M. Trotter, secretary 
 Garrison Centenary committee; James 
 A. Lew, Horace Gray, Pierre Zeno, 
 commander of Wm. Lloyd Garrison G. 
 A. R. post of Brooklyn, N. Y., Rev. F. 
 G. Snelson, Homer B. Sprague, Edwin 
 D. Mead, Rev. Chas. Ames, Rebecca 
 T. Collins, who knew Garrison; Geo. 
 G. Bradford, Geo. R. Tabers, G. W. 
 Fowle, who was in mob with Garrison, 
 Rev. Jesse Harrell. 
 
 The invocation was given by Rev. S. 
 J. Comfort, Rev. Jesse Harrell not ar 
 riving till later. Mr. Mark R. DeMor- 
 tie, chairman of the Citizens commi*- 
 tee, presided. The Crescent Male 
 quartet sang very acceptably "The 
 Voice of Peace." 
 
 Secretary William M. Trotter of the 
 Suffrage league committee, read letters 
 of regret from William H. Dupree, 
 
 Rev. Francis H. Rowley, N. P. Hal- 
 lowell and ex-Gov. J. Q. A. Brackett 
 
 Mr. Mark R. DeMortie spoke in part 
 as follows: 
 
 The hero of whom we shall speak 
 was born at Newburyport in this state 
 one hundred years ago. At his birth 
 place he was surrounded by such elo 
 quent and influential men as Caleb 
 Gushing, W. D. Northen and Richard 
 S. Spofford, the husband of Harriet 
 Spofford, the authoress, all of them ad 
 vocating the cause and justness of 
 slavery. 
 
 He gathered his little company, and 
 they met in the African Baptist 
 church. Smith court. Joy street, and 
 formed the New England Anti-Slavery 
 society and declared for immediate 
 emancipation. When they adjourned 
 and stepped out in the storm and dark 
 ness from the meeting he remarked, 
 "our numbers are few and our influ 
 ence limited but mark my prediction, 
 Faneuil Hall shall ere long echo with 
 the principles we have set forth. We 
 shall shake the nation by their mighty 
 power." 
 
 We that are alive today have lived 
 to see his prediction verified. His 
 words and labors not only abolished 
 slavery in the United States but in 
 the West Indies and serfdom in Rus 
 sia. It was only three years after the 
 issue of this little sheet (holds up Lib 
 erator) that slavery was abolished in 
 the West Indies; you will not find in 
 the history of the world where so 
 much was accomplished in so short a 
 time. (Applause.) When you will stop 
 to consider that slavery was only abol 
 ished in our neighboring state, New 
 York, in 1827, what a great work Wil 
 liam Lloyd Garrison and his apostolic 
 brothers and sisters accomplished rn 
 so short a period. God bless them all. 
 I must enumerate some of their names. 
 I do not want those that do not read 
 history to forget, among their number 
 was Arthur and Lewis Tappen, the 
 I ovejoy brothers, Maria and Mary 
 Chapmans, Oliver Johnson, Frances 
 Jackson, Samuel and Samuel J. May, 
 the Hutchinson family, Lucy Stone, 
 Frederick Douglass, Frank Sanborn. 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 37 
 
 Abby Kelley, Charles C. Burleigh, 
 Charles Lenox Remond, Dr. Samuel 
 G. Howe, Julia Ward Howe, William 
 C. Nell, last to name among others is 
 Parker Pillsbury and Wendell Phil 
 lips, but they were the peers of them 
 all. 
 
 Where shall we look today for the 
 man that will espouse the wrongs of 
 my race; we are outraged and by men 
 in the South today, because we went 
 200,000 strong to help save the nation 
 from rebeldom. (Applause.) I had 
 hoped for a Moody before the admin 
 istration found him big enough for a 
 cabinet office. Let us continue to hope 
 and hope on trusting to God to right 
 our wrongs. 
 
 It is not my duty to speak but to in 
 troduce those that may address you. 
 The committee has seen fit and proper 
 to select me for that duty as I pre 
 sided at the emancipation meeting that 
 was held January the first, 1863, in 
 Tremont Temple at which the work of 
 William Lloyd Garrison was consum 
 mated. 
 
 Rev. Charles G. Ames, was the first 
 speaker. He spoke extemporaneously 
 and gave very sober advice saying in 
 part: "When we turned free 4,000,000 
 ex-slaves it was a good deal like shak 
 ing out a ragbag. They have been 
 climbing every day, and they still have 
 a great deal of progress to make. 
 There is still a battle to be w;aged 
 against the same spirit which made 
 slavery possible. You will get your 
 dues not by appealing to white men 
 to help you, but by helping your 
 selves. You have got to become self- 
 reliant and self-respecting, and only 
 this kind of appeal will win." 
 
 Mr. B. R. Wilson yielded his place on 
 the program to Mrs. Fanny Garrison 
 Villard, who received an ovation. She 
 said: "I know that what my dear 
 father did for the Colored race, all he 
 sacrificed, he has got back. He had 
 a moral uplift and high associates, and 
 I feel that he more than got it back 
 from you by your sincere affection." 
 (Great applause). 
 
 Rabbi Charles Fleischer followed. In 
 the course of his address he said: 
 
 "In participating in this centenary 
 celebration of a man whom we all de 
 light to honor, let me speak to a text 
 furnished by Garrison himself: I 
 claim to be a human rights man. That 
 was a sentiment to be expected from 
 
 the universalistic seer, who, in frenzy 
 exclaimed: My country is the world; 
 my countrymen are all mankind. 
 
 "After all, a specific wrong or injus 
 tice is only a local or a particular 
 phase of general wrong or injustice. 
 It means a falling short of ideal stand 
 ards. Slavery in the United States, 
 oppression of Armenians in Turkey, 
 persecution of Jews in Russia these 
 are all poison, fruits of the same 
 deadly tree. They all tell the same 
 sad story of the survival of beastli 
 ness in man, none the less beastly 
 when it expresses itself in the con 
 tempt of refined and superior folks 
 for those whom they think or who ac 
 tually may be inferior. 
 
 "Real superiority proves itself not 
 in hatred and contempt, in an ever- 
 widening spiral of sympathy and love. 
 The more one can include the more 
 human one is. The grown-up man 
 says naturally: I think nothing hu 
 man foreign to me. Even the rights 
 of Russia are dear to me, whose fel 
 low Jews are being treated atrociously 
 by other Russians." 
 
 "Fortunately, we may claim today 
 that the sort of man typified in the 
 fine figure of Garrison, the Human 
 Rights Man, is not so rare in our days 
 as he was in those days." 
 
 Moorfield Storey, president of the 
 Anti-Imperialist League, who was pri 
 vate secretary to Charles Sumner, said 
 in part: 
 
 "This celebration comes at a fortu 
 nate hour. We are passing through a 
 reaction against the great principles 
 of freedom and equal rights to advance 
 which Mr. Garrison devoted his life, 
 and we need assured faith. We need 
 to be reminded how much can be ac 
 complished in a good cause by cour 
 age, persistence and unwavering de 
 votion against odds which seem to be 
 overwhelming how certain is the tri 
 umph of right. 
 
 "Yet with no arms but his pen and 
 his voice, with no funds and without a 
 single subscriber to support his news 
 paper, Garrison attacked the mon 
 strous wrong, and for a generation 
 urged unrelenting war against it. 
 Poverty and hardship, abuse, execra 
 tion and contempt, the jail, the mob, 
 and the danger of violent death, nev 
 er appalled him nor turned him from 
 his purpose. 
 
 "It is altogether fitting that we 
 should honor a man of this rare mold. 
 
ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 He deserves all the honor we can pay 
 him, but it is not by eulogies or meet 
 ings or statues that we honor him best, 
 but by following his example and 
 showing something at least of his 
 constancy and courage. 
 
 "The equal rights of men, which, 
 when he died seemed assured in this 
 country, are again questioned. In 
 many states American citizens are de 
 nied the right to vote on account of 
 their color. There and elsewhere they 
 are exposed to lawless violence, are 
 subjected to cruel punishments with 
 out trial, are visited with social in 
 dignities, are denied the equal oppor 
 tunity which is the birthright of every 
 man, are taunted with inferiority, 
 while many insist that they are and of 
 right must be forced to remain hewers 
 of wood and drawers of water, incap 
 able of higher things. Let us learn 
 from the example of Garrison to resist 
 with all our might and with untiring 
 persistence the ignorant and un-Chris- 
 tian prejudice which is responsible for 
 those wrongs. 
 
 "Our task compared with Garrison s 
 is easy. We have seen slavery over 
 thrown. We have learned that all the 
 strong forces once enlisted in its sup 
 port were unable to keep 4,000,000 of 
 men as slaves. Can we believe for a 
 moment that any force can keep 10,- 
 000,000 of free men down in a country 
 where everything that they can see 
 and everything that they can hear 
 strengthens the impulse to rise, which 
 is planted in the breast of every hu 
 man being at his birth? Let us per 
 severe in the path which Garrison 
 opened for us until every man in this 
 great country, the world, has an equal 
 opportunity to be and to do whatever 
 his powers permit, unfettered by law 
 and unhampered by prejudice, look 
 ing forward to the day when mankind 
 shall rise to his high plane, and we 
 shall all say with him: My country is 
 the world. My countrymen are all 
 mankind. " (Applause.) 
 
 Hon. A. E. Pillsbury, ex-attorney- 
 general of this state, spoke as fol 
 lows: 
 
 Fellow Citizens: I dislike to make 
 any allusion to race distinctions, 
 which I would ignore and forget if 
 I could, but where are the white men 
 who ought to fill this hall today? 
 Does not the memory of Garrison be 
 long also to them? Do they not- 
 know that the emancipation for which 
 
 he gave his life was more theirs than 
 yours? Where is that fellow citizen 
 of ours who may be described as the 
 white American? Has he forgotten 
 the way to Faneuil Hall? There was 
 a time when he knew it. I came down 
 here last Saturday evening to help 
 save the old frigate Constitution, and 
 I found the hall filled, and the plat 
 form covered, with Irishmen. (Laugh 
 ter.) Coming here today to celebrate 
 Garrison, I find the occasion wholly 
 in the hands of another class of our 
 fellow citizens, who, to say the least, 
 would have great difficulty in tracing 
 their descent from the Pilgrim or the 
 Puritan. (Laughter.) Does not the 
 white man know that any question 
 of liberty is his question? Does he 
 not know that a question of equal 
 rights is more his question than 
 yours, in the proportion of nine or 
 ten to one? Does he not know that 
 his rights are not safe so long as 
 yours are not secure? 
 
 But this is not what I came here to 
 say. I wish to make today, if I can, a 
 practical application of Garrison s ex 
 ample. 
 
 Garrison was the great agitator. The 
 bronze figure down yonder in Com 
 monwealth avenue is a monument to 
 the power of agitation, the marshalling 
 of the conscience of the country to 
 mould its laws, as Peel called it. It is 
 sometimes said by historians and oth 
 ers who know no better that the aboli 
 tionists contributed but little to the 
 downfall of slavery. But Garrison had 
 at work, long before the slave power 
 made the fatal mistake of firing the 
 shot against Sumter, the forces which 
 were to destroy slavery. He saw its 
 weakest point, and he drove straight 
 at it. The slave power always laughed 
 at the political and economic argu 
 ments against it. Calhoun the ablest 
 defender of the system, was acute 
 enough to see that slavery could sur 
 vive only upon the ground that it was 
 right. Garrison put aside all questions 
 of policy or expediency, and demanded 
 immediate and unconditional emanci 
 pation because slavery was wrong. 
 Then the slave power knew that he had 
 pierced the joint in its armor. The re 
 coil from Garrison s blow, the blind 
 and furious rage in which the whole 
 slavocracy rose up to demand his sup 
 pression and to put a price upon his 
 life, was proof enough that the blow 
 had gone home to the vital part. 
 
 Garrison lived to see the constitu- 
 
BIR1H OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 39 
 
 tional amendments wipe out slavery, 
 raise the black man to the level of citi 
 zenship, and clothe him with its 
 rights and privileges. Now, within 
 less than thirty years from his death, 
 the clouds have gathered over the 
 enfranchised race, and there is today 
 a call for a new prophet of freedom. 
 The white south refuses to accept the 
 Negro as a man and a citizen. It is 
 nothing that he poured out his own 
 blood in a hundred battles for the gov 
 ernment which now turns its back up 
 on him. All that is forgotten. The 
 moral wave that culminated with the 
 Emancipation Proclamation and th? 
 13th Amendment has subsided. 
 
 The public conscience is asleep. 
 The country looks on with indifference 
 while the Negro is stripped not merely 
 of his right to vote but of his right 
 to live as a free man and citizen. He 
 must live by the labor of his hands, 
 and the ballot is the only weapon by 
 which he can defend his right to 
 v ork on equal terms with others who 
 have it. (Applause.) Take it away 
 and you leave him a slave in fact, if 
 not in law. By this process the black 
 man is being remanded to servitude, 
 and the white man as well, for when 
 the thing is done it puts the whole 
 country under political subjection to 
 the law-defying states. (Applause.) 
 The courts evade the question, con 
 gress finds no politics in it, trade, self 
 ish and mercenary now as it always is, 
 encourages it. and the law of the land 
 is set aside, by force or by fraud, for 
 one-ninth of all the citizens of the 
 United States. 
 
 The work that Garrison began is 
 not yet done. (Applause.) It must 
 be done by agitation, with fire kindled 
 at the same altar. (Applause.) It 
 must be done bv the black man him 
 self. (Applause.) "Who would be free, 
 themselves must strike the blow." In 
 Garrison s time the Negro was prop 
 erty, without even a tongue of his 
 own. Now he is at least a man, whose 
 right to speak for himself cannot be 
 denied or suppressed. When Garrison 
 began, he had to begin by unmaking 
 the whole public opinion of the time, 
 and the whole bodv of laws. Now the 
 law is with the persecuted race, and 
 it needs only public opinion to en 
 force it. Create this public opinion 
 and every politician will bow to it 
 like a reed in the wind. 
 
 If the white race has for the time 
 abandoned the Negro to his fate, let 
 
 him take his own cause into his own 
 hands. They are equal to it. I have 
 read within a few days a pamphlet 
 on this subject, produced wholly by 
 Colored men, in which there is more 
 logic, more philosophy and more 
 statesmanship than the white race, 
 north or south, has developed since 
 the unconstitutional amendments. You 
 have no need to look abroad for lead 
 ers. If the Colored race will stand to 
 gether, sinking all jealousies and dif 
 ferences in a resolute and unceasing 
 demand for the impartial enforcement 
 of the laws, giving the country no rest 
 until there is one rule alike for white 
 and black over every foot of soil, 
 there can be no doubt of the result. 
 (Applause.) It is only a question of 
 courage and endurance. If the demand 
 is irrepressible, it will prove to be ir 
 resistible. (Applause.) The people 
 have never failed, in the end, when 
 appealed to on a question of funda 
 mental right. The universal instinct 
 of freedom will respond to the appeal. 
 The whole history of mankind is the 
 history of a struggle for freedom, in 
 which there is no backward step. All 
 the moral forces of the universe, the 
 very stars in their courses, fight on 
 the side of a race striving after its 
 own liberty. In that cause there may 
 be delay and discouragement, but there 
 is no defeat. (Applause.) 
 
 Miss Pauline E. Hopkins spoke in 
 part as follows: 
 
 I count it this afternoon, the 
 greatest honor that will ever 
 come to me that I am permitted to 
 stand in this historic hall and say one 
 word for the liberties of my race. I 
 thought to myself how dare I, a weak 
 woman, humble in comparison with 
 other people. Yesterday I sat in the 
 old Joy street church and you can 
 imagine my emotions as I remem 
 bered my great grandfather begged 
 in England the money that helped the 
 Negro cause, that my grandfather on 
 my father s side, signed the papers 
 with Garrison at Philadelphia. I re 
 membered that at Bunker Hill my an 
 cestors on my maternal side poured 
 out their blood. I am a daughter of 
 the Revolution, you do not acknowl- 
 eds-e black daughters of the Revolu 
 tion, but we are going to take that 
 right. 
 
 The conditions which gave birth to 
 so remarkable a reformer and patriot 
 were peculiar. The entire American 
 republic had set itself to do evil, and 
 
ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 its leading forces, wealth, religion and 
 party, joined the popular side and 
 threatened the death of Liberty in the 
 Republic. But the darkest hour was 
 but a herald of the dawn. No great 
 reform was ever projected or patron 
 ized by any powerful organization or 
 influential individual at the outset. 
 Reformation always begins in the 
 heart of a solitary individual; some 
 humble man or woman unknown to 
 fame is lifted up to the level of the 
 Almighty s heartbeats where is un 
 folded to him what presently must be 
 done. Thus it was that after the im 
 position of the colonization scheme, 
 the issuing of Walker s "Appeal," and 
 his own imprisonment at Baltimore, 
 the poor and obscure Newburyport 
 printer s boy, without reputation, so 
 cial or political influence, or money, 
 inaugurated the greatest reform of the 
 nineteenth century, and within one 
 year of the first issue of the "Libera 
 tor," the entire country knew the 
 name of Garrison. God had heard the 
 prayers of suffering humanity. He 
 said "enough." The hour struck on 
 the horologe of Eternity, and the man 
 was there. Side by side with Martin 
 Luther s "Here I take my stand," is 
 the "I will be heard" of William Lloyd 
 Garrison. (Applause.) 
 
 In September, 1834, we are told that 
 the Reformer received the greatest in 
 dividual help that ever came to him 
 during his life, when he married Miss 
 Eliza Benson, daughter of a venerable 
 philanthropist of Rhode Island, and 
 thereafter woman s subtle, intuitive in- 
 Etinct added another sense to the won 
 derful powers of this remarkable man. 
 Very shortly after their marriage, thi.i 
 bnue woman was called to view the 
 mobbing of her husband by the Bos 
 ton "Broadcloth Mob." She stepped 
 fron a window rpon a shed at the 
 moment of his extremest danger, be 
 ing herself in danger from the riot 
 ers. His hat was lost, and brickbats 
 were rained upon his head, while he 
 was hustled along in the direction of 
 the tar-kettle in the next street. The 
 only words that escaped from the 
 white lips of the young wife were: 
 "I think my husband will not deny his 
 principles; I am sure my husband will 
 never deny his principles." The same 
 spirit of encouragement still exists 
 in women. What dangers will not a 
 woman dare for the support and com 
 fort of husband, father or brother? 
 Not so long ago, when a Boston young 
 man of color was hustled and beaten 
 
 nnd jailed for upholding free speech 
 and independent thought, he was sus 
 tained and comforted by the words of 
 a sister: "Remember, this is not dis 
 grace, but honor. It is for principle- 
 it is for principle." 
 
 Mr. Garrison went about his work 
 against slavery with tremendous moral 
 earnestness. At first he advocated 
 gradual emancipation, but after his 
 baptism of injustice in a Baltimore jail 
 his sentiments changed to the start 
 ling doctrine of immediate and uncon 
 ditional emancipation. Gradual eman 
 cipation was a popular and inoffensive 
 doctrine, a safe shore from which to 
 view freedom for the Blacks. It is 
 analogous with the startling propa 
 ganda of disfranchisement, or gradual 
 enfranchisement after the Afro-Ameri 
 can has proved himself fit for the bal 
 lot. \Ve remember that history re 
 cords the broken promises of freedom 
 given by the Southern States to the 
 blacks of Southern regiments in the 
 Revolutionary War. Those men earn 
 ed their freedom, proved their right to 
 manhood, but at the close of the war 
 were told that, "You have done well, 
 boys, now get home to your masters." 
 The time will never come for the en 
 franchisement of the black if he de 
 pends upon an acknowledgement from 
 the south of his worthiness for the 
 ballot. (Applause.) As if the faithful 
 ness of the black man to this govern 
 ment from the Revolution until this 
 day, the blood freely shed to sustain 
 Republican principles in every war 
 waged against the Republic, the gen 
 tle, patient docility with which we 
 have borne every wrong, were not 
 proof of our fitness to enjoy what in 
 right. (Applause.) 
 
 Mr. Garrison lived to see his cause 
 triumph in the emancipation of the 
 slave, and died believing that the man 
 hood rights of every citizen of the 
 United States were secured then and 
 forever. But the rise of a younger 
 generation, the influence of an uncon- 
 quered south, and the acquiescence of 
 an ease-loving north that winks at 
 abuses where commercial relations and 
 manufactures flourish and put money 
 in the purse, have neutralized the ef 
 fects of the stern policy of these giants 
 of an earlier age. 
 
 Great indeed was the battle for the 
 abolition of slavery, but greater far 
 will be the battle for manhood rights. 
 
 Let us hope that this timely re 
 view of the noble words and deeds of 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 Garrison and his followers, may re 
 kindle within our breasts the love of 
 liberty. Were Mr. Garrison living in 
 this materialistic age, when the price 
 of manhood is a good dinner, a fine 
 position, a smile of approval and a 
 pat on the back from the man of in 
 fluence, of a fat endowment, again, 
 would he cry aloud, "The apathy of the 
 people is enough to make every statue 
 leap from its pedestal, and to hasten 
 the resurrection of the dead." 
 
 Here in Faneuil hall, let us vow, as 
 the greatest tribute we can pay to Mr. 
 Garrison s memory, to keep alive the 
 sacred flame of universal liberty in 
 the Republic for all races and classes, 
 by every legitimate means, petitions 
 to individuals, to associations, to for 
 eign governments, to legislatures, to 
 congress, print and circulate literature, 
 and let the voice of the agent and lec 
 turer be constantly heard. Let us 
 swear to be "as harsh as truth, and as 
 uncompromising as justice." And let 
 us bear in mind the beauty of doing 
 all things for the upbuilding of hu 
 manity; persecution and intellectual 
 development have broadened us until 
 we can clearly see that if the blacks 
 are downed in the fight for manhood, 
 no individual or race will be safe with 
 in our borders. This government has 
 welded all races into one great na 
 tion until now, what is good for the 
 individual member of the body politic 
 is good for all, and vice versa. Here 
 where the south and its sympathizers 
 have so strenuously denied the broth 
 erhood of man, by our mixed popula 
 tion, God has proved his declaration, 
 "Of one blood have I made all races 
 of men to dwell upon the whole face 
 of the earth together." This truth 
 Mr. Garrison and his followers freely 
 acknowledged in the beauty and purity 
 of their lives- and deeds. 
 
 Mr. Edwin D. Me*ad of the Old 
 South work, said in part: 
 
 There is no word of Garrison s quot 
 ed so often as that which he put on 
 the front of the Liberator and which 
 is on his statue, and yet that very 
 word is a far more fitting motto of 
 the crusade in behalf of the brother 
 hood of nations than of the crusade in 
 behalf of emancipation. He said all 
 of the great anti-slavery leaders in 
 England were alive to the necessity of 
 this struggle for the brotherhood of 
 nations. The leaders of these two 
 
 movements were largely the same 
 men. 
 
 Chas. Sumner began his public ca 
 reer with his Fourth of July oration 
 against war, and continued the effort 
 there begun until the end of his life, 
 and fought his life long as hard for 
 peace as for emancipation. Garrison 
 of all the great group was perhaps the 
 most sweeping opponent of war, going 
 the full length of the non-resistant 
 principle, like Tolstoy today, con 
 demning even defensive war, a posi 
 tion not taken by Sumner or Chan- 
 ning. A conquest by force, he said, 
 was no real conquest at all; only by 
 love and reason was genuine conquest 
 possible. His work was for the re 
 demption of the human race; he was 
 bound, he said, by a law which knew 
 no national partitions. One of his last 
 efforts was against our severe exclu 
 sion laws against the Chinese. He 
 wished that every custom house on 
 earth might be abolished; ludicrous 
 and mischievous especially were pro 
 tective laws in behalf of people s prid 
 ing themselves upon being stronger 
 and more intelligent than their 
 neighbors. He was Mazzini s sym 
 pathizing and admiring friend; and 
 today his heart would beat strongly 
 in sympathy with the struggling mil 
 lions of Russia. The European re 
 formers, Dickens, Harriet Martineau, 
 Bright, Mill, Victor Hugo, were the 
 supporters and inspirers of our anti- 
 slavery reformers, and George Thomp 
 son stood fittingly by Garrison s side 
 at Fort Sumter, in 1865, when the 
 old flag rose again, the symbol now 
 of a nation from which slavery had 
 been banished. And yet the work of 
 emancipation is not yet wholly done; 
 crying abuses against the Negro de 
 mand redress, while in many parts of 
 the land his elementary political 
 rights are denied him. The Garrison 
 spirit is needed still in the war 
 against slavery. it is needed more 
 in the war against war. In this day 
 of multiplying battleships, and of iter 
 ated and reiterated boasts in highest 
 official places that we are a mighty 
 folk, who "don t want to fight, but 
 by jingo if we do!" we need to real 
 ize anew the duty of a gireat nation 
 acting like a gentleman; we need to 
 remember with Garrison that a selfish 
 and bastard patriotism is a mischiev 
 ous and mournful principle, that we 
 are men before we are Americans, and 
 that our obligations are to all man 
 kind. 
 
ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 Rev. Dr. A. A. Berle of Salem, a 
 noted Congregational minister, said in 
 part: 
 
 The Negro race, whatever it once 
 was, is here as an integral part of 
 American citizenship. And it is here 
 not to be reckoned with primarily 
 as a charge, primarily as an is 
 sue, but primarily as a body of 
 American citizens, and as an Ameri 
 can who expects to exercise his suf 
 frage as an American a few years 
 longer, I refuse to regard my 
 countryman either as a charge, as 
 a problem or as an issue. I propose 
 to regard him as a citizen and as a 
 citizen alone. (Applause.) I think 
 that wise words of advice were the 
 words already spoken by my friend, 
 Mr. Pillsbury, when he said that the 
 Negroes of America must act as a 
 unit. And they must act together and 
 bring the entire wealth of mind and 
 thought and spirit and conscience 
 which the total race possesses to bear 
 upon their own problem of develop 
 ment and advancement. There is a 
 question, however, as to purchasing 
 unity upon a platform upon 
 which the unity is not worth 
 having. (Applause). Believing as I 
 do that the problem of education is 
 a problem for us all, I believe that in 
 dustrial education is essential to the 
 black man and the white man alike. 
 But I refuse to believe that any por 
 tion of American citizens is to be per 
 manently set apart for mere industrial 
 improvement. (Applause.) What is 
 the question, the problem, that is agi 
 tating the white race? The indus 
 trial question. What is the great 
 terror that is stirring us all? Trium 
 phant, insistent, repressive industrial 
 ism. Are you willing that a recently 
 emerged race shall be handed, 
 bound hand and foot, into the arms 
 of the industrial monster? (Great 
 applause.) I say this because I be 
 lieve that you can never permanent 
 ly separate in this land the black 
 man from his citizenship. Why do 
 we have demonstrative exhibitions 
 like this here? We have them because 
 we have the monstrous spectacle of a 
 race practically submerged and de 
 prived of its national citizenship, con 
 demned to involuntary servitude in 
 America. 
 
 Now, my dear friends, to me it is a 
 perfectly natural develo mient of this 
 condition that the theory widely em 
 braced south and north that 
 the Negro race needs primar 
 
 ily to be fitted for industrial 
 occupation should receive the en 
 dowment of p. conspicuous figure in 
 an industrial trust. (Great applause.) 
 I want to say to you this afternoon 
 that if I were a Negro as I am a white 
 man; if I were with you in the tradi 
 tions which belong to the Negro 
 race, I would spurn any platform of 
 unity that first had to spurn the Con 
 stitution of the United States. (Great 
 applause.) The denominational or 
 gan, of that to whch I belong said the 
 other day that the days of the radi 
 cals were over, and I suppose in some 
 sense that is true. But let us at least 
 remember that it does not lie in the 
 power of any man or any set of men 
 permanently to hold down the truth 
 in unrighteousness. And I simply 
 came this afternoon to bid you Godspeed 
 on the line for which Garrison stood. 
 And let me say to you that in spite 
 of all I may seem to have implied by 
 what I have said, make no mistakes. 
 You will have to advance industrially. 
 I am sorry for any man, white or 
 black, who does not know the use of 
 his hands. But I want to say, while 
 you advance, God help your race, as 
 God only apparently can help any 
 race, as long as it sticks by the mon 
 strous degrading maxim, "Get money 
 in the bank." (Wild applause). I will 
 say to you what we must do is to hark 
 back to the primary platform which is 
 embodied in the United States Con 
 stitution. And when we have made 
 citizenship mean what it is supposed 
 to mean in every part of this land you 
 will not need the endowment of any 
 millionaire to set your schools in mo 
 tion, because free men build their own 
 schools and educate their own chil 
 dren, themselves. 
 
 This statement was hailed with en 
 thusiastic and instant approval. The 
 applause as Rev. Dr. Berle finished 
 was deafening. The audience went wild 
 with delight over his assertions as to 
 the terms of race unity and as to in 
 dustrialism. A. M. Howe, Esq., an 
 eminent Boston lawyer and reformer, 
 rose at the back of the platform and 
 shouting in a loud voice, "Thank God 
 for a self-respecting man," led three 
 cheers for Berle, which were given 
 with a will by the audience. 
 
 Mr. Reed said in part: 
 
 The stirring events in connection 
 with this celebration have prompted 
 this query in my mind: What would 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 43 
 
 Garrison do if he was again among 
 us? Could he but see the gradual 
 nullification of his life s work, the re- 
 enslavement and disfranchisement of 
 a portion of the race he labored so 
 hard to free; could he but come to 
 Boston, the scene of his early strug 
 gles and final triumphs; could he but 
 see here, as I have seen, men and wo 
 men, some of the best in the land, be 
 cause of their color turned away in the 
 night and the cold from public inns; 
 refused admittance or herded in thea 
 tre and other places of a public na 
 ture, ignored and ridiculed, denied 
 even a fair chance to secure food and 
 raiment could Garrison see these 
 conditions as they confront you and 
 me today, I believe that he would start 
 another "Liberator." 
 
 Its initial number would contain a 
 message to both races. To his own 
 race he would say: "You have been 
 false to the trust I gave you," and I 
 think he would say, too, that "When 
 a people s liberty is in jeopardy there 
 is something more potent needed than 
 kind words and sympathy." To my 
 own race I can hear him repeating: 
 "Be United," "Fear God, then disre 
 gard all other fears." 
 
 If ever Boston needed another Gar 
 rison it is now. We need one to 
 warm the hearts of the thousands who 
 in the mad fight for gold have left 
 poor humanity to suffer in the cold. 
 We need a Garrison at the head of 
 some of our great dailies to speak out 
 boldly and in uncompromising lan 
 guage against the wrongs heaped upon 
 us. 
 
 If we had more Garrisons at the 
 head of some of our mercantile firms 
 the Colored boys and girls with merit, 
 seeking positions there, would not be 
 turned away with the cold answer, 
 "No Negro need apply." 
 
 I am not pessimistic nor do I for 
 a moment forget the shortcomings of 
 my own race. It is with us that the 
 real evil lies and it is with us that 
 the remedy must be sought. "Who 
 would be free himself must strike the 
 blow." 
 
 Kossuth, the famous Hungarian 
 leader, himself an exile for freedom s 
 sake, speaking in Faneuil Hall a half- 
 century ago, sounded a keynote which 
 we may with profit apply. Said he: 
 "Freedom never was given to a na 
 tion as a gift, but only as a reward 
 bravely earned by own exertions, own 
 sacrifices and own toils." 
 
 William Lloyd Garrison, typifying 
 
 as he did in a sense the life of the 
 lowly Nazarene, suffered and endured 
 much that the slave might be free 
 and now as men and women how much 
 more ought we to sacrifice that his 
 work shall endure. 
 
 Prof. A. B. Hart of Harvard Univer 
 sity said in part: 
 
 We have heard a great deal today 
 about the future and about the pres 
 ent, and it is right to weave the fu 
 ture into the present. But as I came 
 into this hall something else had come 
 into my mind. It is the figure of a 
 man whom I never saw, yet whom all 
 of us have seen, the personality of 
 that great character whose 100th 
 birthday we have come here to cele 
 brate. One hundred years ago today 
 that man first saw the light. Seventy 
 years ago today, almost to a day, a 
 public meeting was held in this hall, 
 presided over by the then mayor of 
 Boston, to protest against William 
 Lloyd Garrison. And at that meeting 
 Peter Chandler pointed to this pic 
 ture of Washington as a slave-holder, 
 forgetting that that slave-holder by 
 his last will did what he could to re 
 pair the wrong that had been done to 
 those people who had served him, by 
 setting them free. In that meeting, 
 Otis criticised the abolitionists as a 
 set of incendiaries. 
 
 How is it that that man has exer 
 cised such a mighty influence upon 
 his country and has come to be one of 
 the acknowledged masters in our 
 great republic? Mr. Garrison saw 
 what other people failed to see that 
 the truth should make you free. (Ap 
 plause.) The whole basis of Mr. Gar 
 rison s power was not that he could 
 create a situation, not that it was in 
 his power to set free the sla^s, but 
 that they were by nature free. And 
 what he set out to do and what he 
 succeeded in doing was simply to call 
 the attention of his countrymen to the 
 truth which lay before them all a 
 truth so mighty that it burst the bonds 
 in which men had attempted to en 
 velop it. Furthermore, Mr. Garrison 
 stood for a principle for which every 
 man, woman and child in America 
 owes him thanks on this, his 100th 
 birtnday, namely, the principle that 
 there is no offence to anybody in tell 
 ing the truth and in telling it in pub 
 lic. 
 
 Among the arguments put forth at 
 that time was that on one side the 
 
44 
 
 ONK IMNDKI-.DTH ANNIVKRSARY 
 
 Negro race was a poor, weak, servile 
 race, and that on the other side it 
 was a race so strong and powerful 
 that you could not whisper in the 
 hearing of a slave that he ought to be 
 free without deluging the country in 
 blood and breaking up the whole in 
 stitution itself. That contradiction 
 was carefully expressed by Mr. Garri 
 son. If the Negro was poor and weak, 
 where was the danger from him? If 
 he was strong and powerful, where 
 was the right that he should be held 
 a slave? 
 
 This man, so strong, was after all 
 a man of kindness, of simplicity of 
 heart. He not only hated the sinner 
 and the oppressor, but he loved the 
 oppressed. 
 
 The world is advanced by the man 
 of one idea, the men who have the 
 strength and power to fill their minds 
 with one subject. I feel, therefore, 
 grateful today for Mr. Garrison, not 
 because he was always right, because 
 if Mr. Garrison and his friends were 
 always right, then my father and 
 grandfather were often wrong. 
 (Laughter). I am willing to divide 
 the responsibility. Not because he 
 was always just; he was often hard 
 and terrible. But because he had in 
 him such a belief in the rightfulness 
 of his cause that he must speak and 
 the people before him must listen to 
 him. I admire Mr. Garrison; I am 
 proud to appear here today upon this 
 anniversary because he justified what 
 he said of himself. "I have flattered 
 no man." 
 
 Mr. Henry B. Blackwell, upon whose 
 head the south once put a price, said 
 in part: 
 
 I met Mr. Garrison under peculiar 
 circumstances. He was brought to 
 our house in Jersey City when I was 
 about twelve years old by my father 
 to spend the night, because it was 
 thought unsafe for him to remain in 
 New York. I remember him as a 
 man thirty-two years of age. 
 
 Garrison did not believe In using 
 physical force, nor military force, nor 
 political force. He stood where Tol 
 stoi stood, but he believed in telling 
 the truth and relying solely upon the 
 truth. The people of the south were 
 driven to the question of confederacy, 
 and then came on Lincoln. And Lin 
 coln did not dare to issue his Emanci 
 pation Proclamation until several 
 years of war had so warped the brains 
 
 of the people of the north that he was 
 able to take this step. But there 
 never would have been an Emancipa 
 tion Proclamation, there never would 
 have been a Lincoln if there had not 
 been a Garrison. (Applause.) 
 
 You heard that beautiful intelligent 
 speech of a Colored lady, Miss Hop 
 kins. She never could have made 
 that speech if Mr. Garrison had not 
 made it possible for her to do so. He 
 advocated liberty for woman as well 
 as man. The greatest work that Mr. 
 Garrison did, in my opinion, was not 
 in emancipating the Negro slave, but 
 It. was in establishing the equality of 
 women. You will never have a free 
 country until its government rests 
 upon the suffrage of women as well as 
 man. You may say what you please 
 and preach what you please, but you 
 will be permanently in warfare until 
 you put the ballot in the hands of wo 
 man. Let me tell you that the Col 
 ored women are as much citizens as 
 the Colored men, and they need the 
 ballot far more than the men, for the 
 Colored women of the south are sub 
 jected to insults and injustice far more 
 than the men. (Applause.) 
 
 Mr. Garrison went over to London 
 to the anti-slavery convention, and the 
 women were denied a seat there; he 
 would not sit in that convention but 
 took a seat in the gallery with the 
 women. I want to say that Mr. Garri 
 son has made a beginning that has 
 already borne fruit. While it is true 
 that chattel slavery is abolished, it is 
 also true that about forty thousand 
 square miles of American soil is liv 
 ing under woman suffrage. The wo 
 men sent eight senators to the Con 
 gress of the United States and nine 
 representatives. And now I appeal to 
 this Suffrage League. Gentlemen, let 
 your league stan for suffrage for 
 wWmen as well as for men. Do not 
 forget that one-half the oppressed peo 
 ple in this land are women and their 
 rights must be maintained as well as 
 the men s. Let us remember that this 
 question of liberty which was Garrh 
 son s is the most important of all ques 
 tions; for as Emerson said, "Of what 
 value is land or life, if freedom fail?" 
 
 Mr. Edward H. Clement, editor of 
 the Boston Transcript, said in part: 
 
 There is plenty of opportunity and 
 plenty of call for the "hard language" 
 which Garrison admitted he was ac 
 customed to use because "he had not 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 45 
 
 been able to find a soft word to de 
 scribe villainy or to identify the perpe 
 trator of it." Even as regards his 
 specialty of rescuing the Negro from 
 oppression almost everything remains 
 to be done over large sections of our 
 country, indeed in our own commun 
 ity as well, in the social prejudices of 
 cold hearts and narrow minds. As the 
 Negro rises the force of gravitation of 
 the baser habits of thought of the 
 average masses pulls the harder 
 against him. At the hour when he had 
 barely risen out of slavery we were 
 establishing his citizenship and his 
 equality in rights in the Constitution 
 and the statutes. Today the civil 
 rights are waste paper and the repeal 
 of his guarantees of citizenhood in the 
 Constitution is openly agitated. Is 
 there not as much reason for us as for 
 Garrison to dedicate ourselves as he 
 did to trust in God with the defiant 
 faith: "We may be personally de 
 feated but our principles never." Is 
 there not as much necessity to cry that 
 we will not equivocate, that we will 
 not yield an inch, and that we will be 
 heard? Shall we not rise to this con 
 ception of duty that the obligation to 
 do a righteous act is not at all de 
 pendent on the question whether we 
 shall succeed in carrying the multi 
 tude with us? 
 
 "My only point is that we have no 
 business with his glory today if we 
 have none of his spirit. If we are 
 proud and grateful on his birthday 
 that such an American was produced 
 by our state and city, I say, let us ex 
 press oar sense of this great man we 
 honor in more than lip-service. If we 
 see around us men wearing their 
 chains in a cowardly and servile 
 spirit/ as he described the conserva 
 tism of his day, let us as advocates 
 of peace, avow, as he did, that we 
 would much rather see them breaking 
 the head of the tyrant with their 
 chains, whether the tyranny be em 
 bodied in the benighted and belated 
 Negrophobia of the south, or in the 
 bossism of northern municipal corrup 
 tion, or in the monopolies of capital 
 ized privilege by grace of bought leg 
 islation, or in the zeal of religious 
 darkness and bigotry. The only way 
 to estimate the true greatness of Gar 
 rison is to reflect that the opportunity 
 for his career is never wanting, never 
 has been, and, till the millennium, 
 never will be, and yet his triumph re 
 mains unique unparalleled in start 
 ing as small as was Garrison s begin 
 
 ning and ending as stupendous with 
 the whole of the material and moral 
 and financial resources of the nation 
 practically arrayed under his stand 
 ard against his selected object of de 
 struction. The elements of his prob 
 lem are never absent. These ele 
 ments are entrenched wrong, the vest 
 ed interests which thrive upon it, the 
 cold-blooded indifference of those 
 whose withers are unwrung, the timid 
 ity and selfishness of all who dread 
 disturbance of established order, the 
 fear of ridicule for the unpopular mi 
 nority the consequent inertia of the 
 mass, most terrible of all resistance 
 to overcome. But there is no use to 
 pursue the threadbare story now. The 
 thing for us to think of here today is 
 that the opportunity and the call for 
 martyrdom is the same today as then, 
 for you and me as for him. The ques 
 tion up to us is, "Where is the hero 
 of the hour? Who are they that are 
 doing in our day the same sort of 
 pioneering, with the same sacrifices 
 and stripes, that Garrison did? Let 
 us beware, as we join in the execra 
 tion of some agitator v/ho is called a 
 dangerous disturber, a low fellow to 
 be got rid of and silenced somehow, 
 lest we be running with a broadcloth 
 mob again, and stoning a prophet un 
 awares." 
 
 Mr. F. B. Sanborn of Concord, per 
 sonal friend of Mr. Garrison, said: 
 Friends of Universal Liberty: 
 
 Standing on this platform, trodden 
 by five generations of Adamses and 
 Quincys, by Phillips, by Lafayette, 
 by Kossuth and by Garrison himself 
 many times, I find myself, as they did, 
 before an audience friendly to free 
 dom. Not your freedom, merely, and 
 my freedom, not the freedom of Anglo- 
 Saxons and Irishmen and Frenchmen 
 and Hungarians alone, not apologists 
 for a miserable patchwork right of 
 self-government, spotted white here, 
 swarthy there, yellow in another 
 patch, according to the whim of some 
 self-styled "superior race," but advo 
 cates of the reasonable liberty of all 
 races to govern themselves without 
 the "benevolent assimilation" extend 
 ed by destructive warfare to the 
 swarthy Boers of the Transvaal and 
 the brown allies of our armies in the 
 Filipino satrapy of our misguided Re 
 public. But among the many life 
 long services rendered to liberty by 
 the friend whose anniversary we com 
 memorate, I shall speak only of one 
 
ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 line of his ceaseless activity, his ca 
 reer as journalist of freedom. 
 
 Garrison was neither for "Our coun 
 try right or wrong," nor for the dear 
 people, right or wrong. He was for 
 keeping the people right, and if they 
 went wrong, giving them to under 
 stand where they were wrong; and 
 he had great skill in making himself 
 understood. (Laughter.) 
 
 Indeed he was well equipped for a 
 journalist. In the first place he had 
 learned to print, as our best journalists 
 have often done, from Ben Franklin 
 till now, and not seldom he "set up" 
 his articles without writing them down 
 a practice that favors conciseness 
 and point, just as the opposite habit 
 of dictating to a stenographer favors 
 diffuseness and lack of point. Then 
 he was an omnivorous reader, as most 
 good writers have been, and could 
 express himself with facility either 
 in prose or verse. Best of all, he had 
 a great cause to hold him to the point 
 and not suffer him to fritter himself 
 away in miscellaneous interests, as too 
 many good writers do. To be sure, 
 he allowed his zeal for righteousness, 
 which in New England is apt to take 
 the form of self-righteousness, to lead 
 him into many specific reforms, akin 
 to anti-slavery by a sort of affinity, but 
 not of necessity connected with it, 
 peace, temperance, non-resistance, land 
 reform, woman suffrage, anti-sectarian 
 religion. But this did not so much 
 vitiate his style as disaffect his own 
 friends. They objected, too, to his 
 harshness of language, in which he 
 shared the peculiarities of American 
 journalists of the decades from 1830 
 to 1850. 
 
 He shared with Horace Greeley and 
 other contemporary journalists the er 
 ror that strong epithets added to the 
 force of an argument, and might at- 
 tone for possible defects in logic 
 His opponents and Greeley s had the 
 some idea, and one of them, Colonel 
 Webb of the New York Courier and 
 Enquirer, said of the abolitionists of 
 1336: 
 
 "They are a poor, miserable set of 
 drivelling dastards, who always run 
 into the shavings, like William Lloyd 
 Garrison, when their own poor pates 
 are in danger." 
 
 To be sure, Garrison had before this 
 called Colonel Webb "the cowardly 
 ruffian, who conducts the Courier and 
 Enquirer, and had styled another edi 
 tor "the miserable liar and murderous 
 
 hypocrite of the New York Commer 
 cial Advertiser." 
 
 And about the same time (1833) he 
 denounced Henry Clay, and other 
 southern advocates of Negro coloniza 
 tion in these vehement terms: 
 
 "Ye crafty calculators! ye hard 
 hearted, incorrigible sinners! ye 
 greedy and relentless robbers! ye con- 
 temners of justice and mercy! Ye 
 trembling, pitiful, palefaced usurpers, 
 my soul spurns you with unspeakable 
 disgust. (Laughter). 
 
 In spite of this Old Testament dia 
 lect of denunciation, which he never 
 quite unlearned, though he moderated 
 it sensibly in the later years of his 
 newspaper. Garrison made the "Liber 
 ator" a model among weekly news 
 papers in several respects, and it has 
 now become an invaluable historical 
 work for reference. He practised 
 what he preached, and allowed his op 
 ponents to speak of him in his own 
 paper as sharply as they chose. 
 
 Hi own articles were sometimes 
 open to the objection which he once 
 brought against those of his friend 
 and converter, Benjamin Lundy: 
 
 "His style of writing was brisk, sar 
 castic, fearless, witty, vigorous at 
 times rising to eloquence and sublim 
 ity, but frequently careless and inele 
 gant. Like almost every conductor of 
 a public press, he was compelled to 
 write his articles in haste, with little 
 or no time for revision." 
 
 Both as journalist and public speak 
 er, however, Garrison was seldom un 
 prepared. It was a natural result of 
 the strenuous and watchful life he led 
 for so many years that he was never 
 off his guard. His capacious memory, 
 his flow of language, his quickness ot 
 perception and analysis, made up for 
 any defect of logic he might have. In 
 reasoning indeed his premises were 
 few and his conclusions were fore 
 ordained. 
 
 Garrison was so grounded in jus 
 tice that his own vehemence could 
 seldom blind his eyes to the truth, 
 though it might lead him into a false 
 position. He had courage, veracity, 
 and clearness of mind; he was free 
 from avarice, meanness, and excessive 
 ambition, and these are traits of a 
 good journalist. Like Greeley and 
 some other great journalists, he some 
 times allowed his personality to get 
 in his straightforward way; he had 
 not the modesty that makes the cause 
 everything, the person nothing. But 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYU GARRISON 
 
 47 
 
 even this slight defect may have been 
 essential to the post he held so long 
 and so bravely. The captain who 
 heads a forlorn hope, the pilot who is 
 to weather the storm must not think 
 meanly of themselves. 
 
 Garrison, like Phillips and John 
 Brown, was fitted and weaponed for 
 the work assigned him. 
 
 Mr. Walter Allen, who had been 
 present, editor on the Boston Herald, 
 was unable to speak, and his letter 
 was read by Secretary Trotter. 
 
 Boston, Mass., Dec. 9, 1905. 
 William Trotter, Esq., 
 
 Secretary of the Boston Suffrage 
 league: 
 
 Dear Sir When you personally 
 brought to me sometime ago an invi 
 tation to be one of the speakers at the 
 Garrison centennial memorial meeting 
 in Faneuil Hall, in the afternoon 
 of Monday, Dec. 11, I promptly said 
 to you that the condition of my health 
 required me to decline making public 
 addresses. I desire now more formal 
 ly to acknowledge the honorable cour 
 tesy of the Boston Suffrage league, 
 and to express my regret that I am 
 prevented from undertaking a service 
 which it would be my joy and pride to 
 attempt, if it were prudent. 
 
 To be thus associated, even by an 
 humble performance, with the great 
 name and fame of William Lloyd Gar 
 rison would gratify my sense of obli 
 gation. When I was a boy I was a 
 reader of the Liberator, and a fre 
 quent attendant at meetings of the 
 Abolitionists. I heard Mr. Garrison 
 speak on two or three occasions. He 
 had a share in forming my early opin 
 ions, was, indeed, one of my educators 
 whose influence abides. If through a 
 long service as a writer for newspa 
 pers, I have preserved, as I trust I 
 have, a sincere purpose to speak the 
 truth with courage in ail matters af 
 fecting liberty and human rights, it is 
 due in large part to the example of his 
 absolute obedience to the heavenly vi 
 sion. 
 
 The first words I heard from Garri 
 son s lips, the opening sentences of an 
 address delivered at a meeting of the 
 Anti-slavery society in anniversary 
 week, about 1856, were, as my mem 
 ory recalls them, these: "Some per 
 sons say they are abolitionists, but 
 are not Garrisonian abolitionists. I 
 am a Garrisonian abolitionist and ex 
 pect to be one as long as I live." 
 
 When our young David challenged 
 the Goliath of slavery, learned men, 
 pious men, men having a stake in the 
 country, cried out against his temer 
 ity. He was mad; he was impious; 
 he was a traitor; he had a devil. Be 
 sides, he was obscure, unschooled, 
 egotistical and dangerous. They did 
 not, and could not, apprehend the 
 compelling soul of the journeyman 
 printer. 
 
 These blind judgments have had 
 abundant, echoing rehearsals in mis 
 taken souls. Always there are those 
 who fancy they can give God lessons 
 in making history. Today wiseacres 
 tell us how the American conscience 
 "drunk with cotton and the New 
 York Observer," as Phillips said: 
 would surely have destroyed slavery 
 if there had been no Garrison. They 
 demonstrate to their own contentment 
 that he was an obstacle to emancipa 
 tionas if the Almighty did not know 
 what he was about wnen he let the 
 Liberator be established. The useless 
 diversion of ex post facto reformers 
 is to invent gentler means of over 
 throwing tyranny than the plagues of 
 Egypt, the dagger of Brutus, the de 
 capitation of Charles, the American 
 Revolution, the French terror, the an 
 ti-slavery agitation, and the Russian 
 strikes. Let us with saner modesty 
 accept the thing that is apparent the 
 mountain which old earthquakes lift 
 ed into the sky, the hero-prophet who 
 cried aloud .for righteousness in a per 
 verse and wicked generation, who 
 would not retreat and who would be 
 heard. 
 
 Garrison was the morning star, 
 forerunner of Lincoln, the glorious 
 sun of emancipation. Phillips said of 
 Lincoln that he went up to God with 
 four million broken shackles in his 
 hands. Honest Abe must have ac 
 knowledged, what the Lord well 
 knew, that they were not his trophies 
 only, but Garrison s also. 
 
 Respectfully yours, 
 
 WALTER ALLEN. 
 
 Mr. Bradford, formerly a trustee of 
 Atlanta university said in part: It 
 was given to Garrison to be in his day 
 and generation one of the chief in 
 struments under God to abolish hu 
 man slavery. It is given to us in our 
 day and generation to perfect the 
 work of emancipation by assuring to 
 the freedmen the fullest enjoyment of 
 the rights, privileges and responsibil 
 ities of citizenship. It may not be 
 
r 
 
 ONK Hl NDRKDTH ANNIVKRSARY 
 
 given to any of us to be a Garrison, 
 but it is given to each of us to do, in 
 his humble way, the duty that lies at 
 his hand with his courage, resolution 
 and unselfishness. 
 
 In looking to Garrison for inspira 
 tion, we must look always to the man 
 rather than to his methods, we must 
 remember that his great influence 
 was due to the power of his person 
 ality, rather than to any method em 
 ployed. 
 
 If we would prove ourselves worthy 
 followers of Garrison, if we would 
 perfect the work he began we must 
 prove ourselves likewise fearless and 
 resolute self-sacrificing men of action. 
 
 As illustration of the sort of action 
 which in my judgment worthily ex 
 presses the Garrison love of liber 
 ty and makes for freedom, I want to 
 take up your time a moment by refer 
 ring to one or two incidents familiar 
 to most of you. 
 
 Once a citizen of Boston was denied 
 by the school authorities the right 
 to send his children to a public school 
 to which he wished to send them. By 
 sheer force of a dogged determination 
 to have that which he believed was 
 his right under the law, he compelled 
 the school authorities to admit his 
 children to the desired school. He 
 thereby not only served himself but 
 served the community by his example 
 of sturdy independent citizenship. 
 
 There fled to Massachusetts a fugi 
 tive from the injustice of a southern 
 state. The Colored men of Massachu 
 setts rallied in his defence and re 
 sisted by every legal means in their 
 power his extradition. They failed in 
 their immediate object. The fugitive 
 was returned south, but the resolute 
 concerted action on the part of the 
 Colored people of Massachusetts was 
 notice to the community at large that 
 the Colored men of Massachusetts 
 were united in a steadfast purpose to 
 protect the individual members of 
 their race from oppression and injus 
 tice. 
 
 An attempt was made in western 
 
 Massachusetts to establish separate 
 public schools for white and Colored 
 children. Again the Colored men of 
 Massachusetts, chiefly men of Boston 
 united to resist the attempt. This 
 time their action was successful. 
 
 Looking to other cities we find other 
 men of action striving mightly, Hart 
 of Washington, striking an effective 
 blow at the jim crow car law; Morris 
 of Chicago, scoring another against 
 the jim crow restaurant. While 
 more encouraging of all came, some 
 time back, word that the Colored citi 
 zens of Jacksonville, men, women 
 and children, had banded together 
 and effectively boycotted the jim crow 
 cars of that city and that a similar 
 concerted movement was literally on 
 foot in two towns in Texas. With 
 such civic virtue, such sturdy spirit 
 of independence, there can be no 
 question of the ultimate result. 
 
 Mr. Bradford closed by saying he 
 believed the customs of prejudice will 
 be forced from their places by the 
 new vigorous civic virtue that is or 
 ganizing in our midst like the cling 
 ing oak leaves are by the fresh leaf- 
 bud in spring. 
 
 The Crescent male quartette, com 
 posed of Messrs. C. A. E. Cuffee, Jas. 
 E. Lee, Wm. H. Richardson and Dr. I. 
 L. Roberts sang well "Lead Kindly 
 Light." The Mendelssohn quartette, 
 composed of Mrs. Carrie Bland Sheler, 
 Mrs. J. Patterson Rollins, Mr. T. Wil- 
 cott Swan, Mrs. B. J. Ray, accompan 
 ist, sang sweetly, "To Thee, O Coun 
 try." 
 
 While the collection was being tak 
 en up, Mr. John W. Hutchinson sang 
 one of his anti-slavery songs. 
 
 At the close of the meeting, Mr. 
 Nathaniel Butler, an aged man, who 
 worked in the Liberator office, and 
 Mrs. Hudson, who was a fugitive 
 slave under the name of "Betsey 
 Blakely," were introduced to the audi 
 ence. 
 
EVENING SESSION, 7.30 O CLOCK 
 
 The closing session of the Citizens 
 two days celebration came at 7.30 
 Monday night at Faneuil Hall, and it 
 was a fitting climax to the other great 
 sessions, made so by the memorable 
 and inspired oration by Rev. Reverdy 
 C. Ransom and by an audience that 
 filled well nigh every crevice in the 
 great Faneuil Hall. 
 
 It was preceded by a short parade 
 over the route over which the "Broad 
 cloth" mob of 1835 dragged the body 
 of the great Abolitionist. Company L, 
 6th regiment, Massachusetts Volunteer 
 Militia, led by the Chief Marshal, 
 Capt. George W. Braxton came from 
 the armory through Scollay square, 
 followed by the Robert Gould Shaw 
 Veterans where members of Robert A. 
 Bell Post 134, members of the com 
 mittee and other citizens, men, women 
 and children, fell in line and marched 
 down Court street, into State, into 
 Devonshire, to Faneuil Hall, Company 
 L presenting arms as the rest marched 
 into the hall amid great applause. 
 Company L then filed into the gal 
 lery and took the front row of seats 
 on the right side, being liberally ap 
 plauded. 
 
 Meantime the large Commonwealth 
 Band, Mr. William A. Smith, leader, 
 composed of Colored musicians was 
 rendering a most excellent concert, 
 the pieces being: March, Fanfanie, 
 Von Suppe; waltz, La Bacarolle, 
 Waldteufel; Overture, Lustspiel, Kela- 
 Bela; excerpts from "Woodland," Lud- 
 ers. 
 
 At 8 o clock Mr. Joshua A. Craw 
 ford, chairman of the Centenary com 
 mittee of the Boston Suffrage League, 
 opened the meeting. After a fervent 
 prayer by Rev. M. L. Harvey, pastor 
 of the Morning Star Baptist church, he 
 spoke in part as follows: 
 
 The name of Garrison has always 
 awakened in us the deepest feeling of 
 gratitude and affection. He labored 
 to the end that we might enjoy the 
 privileges and freedom we esteem so 
 highly today. 
 
 His life makes one of those mar 
 
 velous chapters in the history of our 
 country that excites the wonder and 
 admiration of the civilized world. A 
 high priest in the cathedral of liberty 
 and freedom, he raised the cross oi 
 a new crusade and bore it triumphant 
 ly through opposing hosts to the 
 Mecca of equal rights and freedom to 
 all men. 
 
 To confirm the freedom his efforts 
 secured, to protect the citizenship they 
 conferred, to protest against every 
 wrong, to agitate for and demand all 
 of our rights wherever the flag of our 
 country flies, is our solemn duty and 
 dearest hope. 
 
 It has been our constant effort to 
 prove that he did not labor in vain. 
 We have been ever mindful of the 
 fact that we are in the midst of a 
 great moving, pushing, breathing civ 
 ilization and we are moving on, push 
 ing on and battling on with it, ask 
 ing nothing but those rights and priv 
 ileges that are freely given to all oth 
 er loyal and patriotic sons and daugh 
 ters of the Republic. 
 
 No other age, no other civilization, 
 no other people have placed so many 
 milestones along the turnpike of hu 
 man progress in so short a while as 
 this, our own people. 
 
 We need not be discouraged. So long 
 as the men, women and children of 
 our race of all walks of life, as they 
 are represented in this effort, are will 
 ing to lay aside all things to do hom 
 age to the memory of one who did so 
 much for them, the time will yet come 
 when we may say in truth, that the 
 sun in his journey shines over no peo 
 ple more free, more happy or more 
 prosperous than this our own people. 
 
 Rev. W. H. Scott, president of the 
 Boston Suffrage League was then in 
 troduced. He said in part: 
 
 We are here today to honor a man 
 who has done much for mankind. 
 Wm. Lloyd Garrison was one of the 
 greatest champions of freedom. He 
 knew no creed, race nor nationality, 
 but man. Garrison was a man destined 
 to be a leader among men; he was a 
 
5 
 
 ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 man who could not be bullied nor ca 
 joled. We are more than glad that 
 the Garrisonian spirit has been re 
 vived, in these days when northern 
 minions and southern rapersof thecon- 
 Hitution, are telling the Negroes to 
 ffB.it and learn how to vote and when 
 they shall have become rich and mil 
 lionaires, then, and not until then, 
 shall they have the right to vote. Mr. 
 Garrison was a man who made no 
 compromises of surrendering man 
 hood. They wanted him to let the 
 question of slavery alone; because he 
 had no right to disturb the conditions 
 which were accepted; that it was 
 mere foolishness that he could expect 
 to do anything for the slave, even the 
 scholarly and learned Edward Everett 
 thought that Garrison and his follow 
 ers ought to be suppressed by the 
 state and nation. But Garrison was 
 firm "I am in earnest. I will not 
 equivocate. I will not excuse. I will 
 not retreat a single inch. And I will 
 be heard." These words tell what the 
 man was. Others might have doubts 
 but Garrison never; others might say 
 it is impossible to overthrow that 
 which was intrenched in state and na 
 tion. The thousands of spindles of 
 Lowell and Lawrence were fed by the 
 unrequited toil of the half-starved and 
 brutalized slave of the south. What 
 did the "Broadcloth" mob care for 
 the cries and woes of the Negroes so 
 long as their pockets were being 
 filled with gold? They justified them 
 selves by saying he is better off than 
 if he were in Africa. So does the 
 robber say that the man or woman 
 whom he has robbed that he should 
 be flad that he had escaped with his 
 life. Mr. Garrison was too much for 
 the slave oligarchy. He knew no mas 
 ter but God. He believed in the Fa 
 therhood of God and the brotherhood 
 of man. He heard the cry of Kossuth 
 for the Hungarian, the cry of the 
 starving Irishman, he heard the cry 
 when Greece was pleading for her 
 rights, he heard the cry when the 
 Quaker was helping the poor Indian. 
 He loved man because man was God s 
 noblest creation. Mr. Garrison start 
 ed a paper Jan. 1, 1831, which was to 
 voice the sentiments th. were to ul 
 timately triumph over this monster 
 Two years later he started the anti- 
 slavery society in Philadelphia. He 
 was the sun in this solar system 
 
 around which all was to revolve. The 
 northern dough-faces trembled before 
 him just as Felix before Paul when 
 he "reasoned of righteousness, tem 
 perance and judgment to come." 
 
 What a blessed day was the 10th 
 of Dec. 1805. when it was announced 
 that a man-child was born. We hail 
 the day with thanksgiving and glad 
 ness. Let the ten millions of Ne 
 groes tell their children and their 
 children s children about the man and 
 the day. We hail him as the deliver 
 er of the United States of America, 
 both black and white, for every slave 
 had one white man chained to him. 
 Let all races, peoples and nations re 
 joice with us for this man whom GoJ 
 has given to the world. 
 
 Rev. Scott declared the Boston Suf 
 frage league was organized to secure 
 the ballot and would not disband un 
 til Colored Americans could vote as 
 freely in Mississippi as in Massachu 
 setts. (Applause.) 
 
 Chairman Scott then called upon the 
 secretary of the Boston Suffrage 
 League s committee, Wm. M. Trotter, 
 who read letters from Maj. Wesley J. 
 Furlong, Mr. Louis A, Fisher, who 
 sang at Mr. Garrison s funeral, Rev. S. 
 M. Crothers, Geo. V. Leverett, Esq., 
 Maj. Chas. P. Bowditch, Mr. A. A. Esta- 
 brook, the Wendell Phillips Club, Wen 
 dell Phillips Garrison, Joseph K. 
 Hayes, Jr., and Secretary Loeb, reply 
 ing to the invitation that was extend 
 ed to President Roosevelt and regret 
 ting on behalf of the President that of 
 ficial business would make it impossi 
 ble for him to attend, and from Gov. 
 Douglas. 
 
 Mme. Nellie Brown Mitchell, wife ot 
 Capt. Charles L. Mitchell, and one of 
 the singers at the funeral of Mr. Gar 
 rison, sang Kipling s Recessional, ac 
 companied on the piano by Miss Geor- 
 gine Glover, and responded to the en 
 core demanded with "Face to Face" 
 most feelingly and sweetly rendered. 
 
 At this juncture, the venerable an 
 ti-slavery singer, Mr. John W. Hutch- 
 inson, entered with his wife and son 
 and was given an ovation that lasted 
 several minutes. 
 
 Next came the Centennial Ode, a 
 beautiful poem composed for the oc 
 casion by Mr. W. S. Braithwaite, Bos 
 ton s talented poet, and read by the 
 author. 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 "THE LIBERATOR. 
 
 I. 
 
 Twas nineteen hundred fateful years 
 
 ago 
 A slim young Syrian girl fulfilled the 
 
 Word, 
 And saw in dreams across the windless 
 
 snow 
 The years acclaim the Baby s voice she 
 
 heard. 
 The world enfranchised from the bond 
 
 of sin 
 
 In dear remembrance keeps a festival; 
 Wherever man may be in hut or hall 
 The spirit of this season enters in. 
 0, little Child, who smiled on Mary s 
 
 knee 
 Why do the Nations bow and worship 
 
 Thee? 
 The world is yet a place of wrongs and 
 
 woes 
 And Faith and Doubt in conflict still 
 
 oppose. 
 O, questioning Time, Man s soul will 
 
 answer three: 
 Christ died to make men free! 
 
 II. 
 
 One hundred stirring years ago today 
 There grew the mystery of another birth. 
 God heard the supplicating bondmen 
 
 pray 
 
 And sent another saviour to the earth. 
 He grew a dreaming boy among his 
 
 hills 
 And wondered at the freedom Nature 
 
 gave 
 
 To, winds and clouds and the far echo 
 ing wave; 
 But his heart sorrowed at his brother s 
 
 ills, 
 
 Whose souls of a diviner essence made 
 Was yet less free than soulless beast 
 
 or bird. 
 
 He saw a vision in his humble trade, 
 And his soul heard God speak the 
 
 deathless word; 
 
 And all his thoughts and deeds became 
 A fiery flame 
 To burn the tyranny 
 And set men free! 
 The young republic from the wrecks 
 
 of war 
 Arose self-destined to protect the 
 
 sovereign man. 
 "We stared affixed as the bright polar 
 
 star 
 
 For human rights," the Constitu 
 tion ran. 
 
 And far away across the surging seas 
 The suffering hordes of Europe 
 
 dreamed of peace 
 And set their visions westward, where 
 
 the States 
 Threw open wide the portals of 
 
 their gates 
 And cried to all the world: "Come in, 
 
 come in, 
 Ye who are trodden by the feet of 
 
 kings, 
 
 Ye who are grievously taxed, but can 
 not win 
 A voice in your own country s 
 
 councillings; 
 Come hither where your hire is your 
 
 tool, 
 Where no man s bond where all 
 
 may reign and rule." 
 The old world listened at the strange 
 
 new song 
 Of freedom, beyond the sunset in the 
 
 sea 
 
 While east and west the plying slav 
 ers flee 
 And only God and one man knew the 
 
 thing was wrong. 
 
 And so he strove with brave, indig 
 nant speech: 
 
 A John the Baptist in the wilderness. 
 He saw the ideal freedom out of 
 
 reach 
 Till twice two million slaves could 
 
 rise and bless 
 
 Their nation s flag. And so the con 
 scienceless 
 Soul of his own country he sought 
 
 to sting- 
 To a, self-realization of its shame, 
 While the worst of Rome and Egypt 
 
 in its midst was flourishing. 
 He won a few disciples to his cause 
 Who preached the fiery gospel of his 
 
 word 
 
 Sublimely indifferent to the laws, 
 Until the indicted people stopped and 
 
 heard. 
 "What prophet is this come out of 
 
 Galilee 
 
 To set a people free 
 And make as sifting sands the foun 
 dations of the free?" 
 So grew the angry cry 
 Of passions mounting high. 
 And they smote him for the truth 
 of their own iniquity. 
 
ONE HUNDREDTH ANNITERSARV 
 
 III. 
 
 Yea, they mobbed him and derided. 
 Called him traitor and a madmajn 
 Yea, the State and Church decided 
 Him a radical and bad man: 
 But he put his trust in God and saw 
 
 the right, 
 
 And kept his great unswerving pur 
 pose to the end. 
 The end! When the will of God did 
 
 smite, 
 And set the house against itself to 
 
 succor and defend! 
 From the most northern hamlet up in 
 
 Maine 
 That lay among the woods, echoing 
 
 the calling sea, 
 And traveling like the sound of windy 
 
 rain 
 Southward where the Gulf winds 
 
 shake the Palmetto tree, 
 And westward to the golden fields of 
 
 hope 
 
 Where some lone miner digs the allur 
 ing slope 
 
 Arose the sounds of war. 
 The billowing armies rolling from afar 
 Of every corner of each Northern state 
 Went into battle to preserve the 
 
 Union s fate. 
 And so two years the thunder rolled 
 
 and broke, 
 
 And Lincoln s cause seemed lost, 
 Till our great hero s voice rose up and 
 
 spoke 
 Above the din of guns and sa,bres 
 
 crossed : 
 "Unyoke the bondmen if ye hope to 
 
 save 
 The Union from an ignoble grave." 
 
 IV. 
 
 The great Commander listened, and 
 the war became 
 
 A crusade in his name: 
 
 And Farragut and Grant and Sheridan, 
 
 And that white-souled, angel-boy 
 Robert Shaw 
 
 Who led such troops none ever led be 
 fore, 
 
 Went forth as his apostles to the van, 
 
 And fought their battles for the rights 
 of man, 
 
 And thereby saved the Union. 
 
 At last when down beneath the horizon 
 
 The blood-smoked clouds of battle rol 
 led away, 
 
 And Grant had clasped in peace the 
 hand of Lee, 
 
 Because Garrison had dared to do and 
 say 
 
 Four million slaves stood free! 
 
 V. 
 
 How shall we name him now, this 
 
 holiest man? 
 
 Whose memory we gather to revere? 
 Has ever unerring Nature in her plan 
 So wrought his likeness on this trou 
 bled sphere? 
 
 One with Mazzini, but of larger mould, 
 One with Garibaldi, yet more bold, 
 One with Cavour, without self-seeking 
 
 greed, 
 One with Kossuth, but wider in hil 
 
 creed, 
 One with Cromwell, yet more simply 
 
 wrought, 
 
 Franker in act and sublimer in thought 
 One with Kosciusko, but greater than 
 
 the Pole 
 Because he saw the Universal Race 
 
 within the soul. 
 One alone in perfect nature, heart and 
 
 soul apd mind, 
 He stands with Christ, the perfect lover 
 
 of Mankind. 
 
 Mr. Charles H. Taylor then read 
 with magnificent effect the salutatory 
 of The Liberator. This was followed 
 by a solo sung by Miss Genevieve Lee 
 with much charm and expression and 
 the audience called insistently for an 
 encore, to which she responded with 
 a gracious bow, as the time was pass 
 ing. The song was "Grass and Roses," 
 Miss Bertha Bauman on the piano 
 and Mr. A. Portuando on the violin. 
 
 Capt. Charles L. Mitchell, now 76 
 years old, who was a compositor on 
 Mr. Garrison s paper, the Liberator, 
 and wtho was an officer of the 55th 
 Mass. Regiment, stepped forward and 
 read the following address: 
 
 "The boon of a noble human life can 
 not be appropriated by any single na 
 tion or race. It is a part of the com 
 monwealth of the world, a treasure, 
 a guide and an inspiration." How ap 
 propriate is this aphorism in its appli 
 cation to the life and character of Wil 
 liam Lloyd Garrison! During t,he 
 years of his earthly activity, he left 
 an indelible impress for good in the 
 community in which he lived. His 
 kindness of heart, his sympathetic na 
 ture, his strong friendship, his mag 
 netic personality, his quick perception, 
 his untiring energy and his unselfish 
 devotion to duty will ever remain as a 
 treasure, a guide and an inspiration. 
 
 In the activities of life it seemed as 
 if he was animated by a single thought, 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 53 
 
 duty, and supplementing this thought 
 by the energy of his activity, he threw 
 into the cause of anti-slavery all of 
 the moral and religious enthusiasm of 
 his heroic nature. 
 
 My acquaintance with Mr. Garrison 
 dates back to the year 1853, fifty-two 
 years ago, when I came to Boston from 
 Hartford, Conn., and applied to the 
 Liberator office, then located at 21 
 Cornhill, for a position as compositor. 
 During the time that I was employed 
 on the Liberator, I know of no one 
 whose friendship and esteem I value 
 so highly as that of Mr. Garrison s. 
 He was always cheerful and hopeful 
 even in the darkest hours. His faith 
 in the goodness of his cause and in the 
 overruling Providence of God was so 
 absolute that he was calm and cheerful 
 alike under clear or cloudy skies. 
 
 As a type setter, I found Mr. Gar 
 rison one of the most rapid and cor 
 rect compositors that I ever met, and 
 many of the editorials in the Liberator 
 were set up by him at the case without 
 having first been written out on paper. 
 Mr. Garrison s presence in the printing 
 office was like sunshine in a shady 
 place. The many annoyances almost 
 inevitable in a printing office never 
 disturbed his serenity. An excellent 
 printer ajid careful proof-reader, he 
 took great pride in the make-up and 
 typographical accuracy of the Libera 
 tor, and often made-up and corrected 
 the forms with his own hands. On the 
 evening preceding publication day he 
 would frequently insist on the printers 
 going home while he remained until 
 a late hour to prepare the forms fpr 
 the press. In very many ways his 
 sweet and gracious spirit, and his 
 thoughtfulness for others, were made 
 manifest, and thus it was that he en 
 deared himself to all. 
 
 I am reminded that over twenty-six 
 yea,rs have passed since Mr. Garrison s 
 death, and that the following persons 
 served as pall-bearers at the funeral: 
 Wendell Phillips, Samuel May, Sam 
 uel E. Sewell, Robert P. Wolcott, Theo 
 dore T. Weld, Oliver Johnson, Lewis 
 Hayden and Charles L. Mitchell, of 
 whom I am the only survivor. The 
 closing exercises of the funeral took 
 place at the Forest Hills cemetery, 
 Wednesday, May 28th. It was a per 
 fect spring afternoon. The air was 
 fragrant with budding blossoms, when 
 just as the sun was sinking in the 
 western horizon, reflecting back its 
 serene beaiuty upon the scene, seem 
 ingly a parting benediction of Heaven s 
 
 approving smile upon the life work of 
 William Lloyd Garrison, that the 
 pall bearers tenderly lowered all that 
 wa<s mortal of the great anti-slavery 
 leader into the grave, whilst the quar 
 tette rendered the beautiful selection, 
 with words commencing, "I cannot al 
 ways trace the way. But this I know 
 that God is Love." 
 
 At the close of Mr. Mitchell s ad 
 dress the chairman said that like 
 Chairman DeMortie at the afternoon 
 session, following the old custom at 
 anti-slavery meetings, he would have 
 a collection lifted for the cause of 
 freedom, meanwhile the band played. 
 
 Then came the climax and the 
 sensation of the meeting, indeed 
 of the whole celebration, the ora 
 tion by Rev. Reverdy C. Ransom. 
 Of it the Boston Transcript said in its 
 news reports: "It was an address by 
 a Negro orator a fitting close to the 
 two-day celebration of the William 
 Lloyd Garrison centenary that stir 
 red a crowded audience of Negro men 
 and women in Faneuil Hall last even 
 ing as no white speaker has been able 
 to stir them throughout the whole se 
 ries of Garrison addresses at previous 
 meetings yesterday and on Sunday. 
 They cheered, they shouted, they threw 
 their handkerchiefs and hats into the 
 air. They were for a few minutes in 
 a tumult of enthusiasm and fervor, 
 and Rev. W. H. Scott, who was pre 
 siding, had to call on the band to aid 
 him in restoring order. The speak 
 er was Rev. Dr. Reverdy C. Ransom 
 of the Charles Street A. M. E. church. 
 Like the other speakers he had re 
 viewed their escape from the oppres 
 sion of the past, but he told them 
 frankly of the oppression of the pres 
 ent, and aroused their fervor by his 
 own vehemence in pointing the way 
 out of it." 
 
 The applause was simply tremend 
 ous, frequently compelling the speaker 
 +o pause for several minutes. At its 
 close the scene was indescribable. Wo 
 men wept, men embraced each other. 
 Guests on the platform rushed upon 
 the orator with congratulations, the 
 program was forgotten and only the 
 playing of the band restored order and 
 made it possible to proceed. Many 
 said no better oration had ever been 
 delivered in Faneuil Hall in its whole 
 history. 
 
 Rev. R. C. Ransom said in full: 
 
54 ONE HUNDREDTHS ANNIVERSARY 
 
 THE CENTENNIAL ORATION "WM. LLOYD GARRISON." 
 
 We have assembled here tonight to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the 
 birth of William Lloyd Garrison. Not far from this city he was born. With 
 in the gates of this city, made famous by some of America s most famous 
 men, he spent more than two-thirds of his long and eventful career, enriching 
 its historv and adding to the glory of ;ts renown. This place, of all places, is 
 in keeping with the hour. It is most appropriate that we should meet in Fan- 
 euil hall, the cradle of American liberty, a spot hallowed and made sacred by 
 the statesmen, soldiers, orators, scholars and reformers who have given ex 
 pression to burning truths and found a hearing wrthin these walls. Of all 
 people it is most fitting that the Negro Americans of Boston should be the 
 ones to take the lead in demonstrating to their fellow-citizens, and to the 
 world, that his high character is cherished with affection and the priceless 
 value of his unselfish labors in their behalf, shall forever be guarded as a sa 
 cred trust. 
 
 Only succeeding generations and centuries can tell the carrying power of 
 a man s life. Some men whose contemporaries thought their title to enduring 
 fame secure, have not been judged worthy in a later time to have their names 
 recorded among the makers of history. Some men are noted, some are dis 
 tinguished, some are famous, only a few are great. 
 
 The men whose deeds are born to live in history do not appear more than 
 once or twice in a century. Of the millions of men who toil and strive, the 
 number is not large, Whose perceptible influence reaches beyond the 
 generation in which they lived. It does not take long to call the roll of honor 
 of any generation, and when this roll is put to the test of the unprejudiced 
 scrutiny of a century, only a very small and select company have sufficient 
 carrying power to reach into a second century. When the roll of the centur 
 ies is called, we may mention almost in a single breath, the names which be 
 long to the ages. Abraham and Moses stand out clearly against the horizon 
 of thirty centuries. St. Paul from his Roman prison, in the days of the Caesars, 
 is still an articulate and authoritative voice, Savonarola rising from the ashes 
 of his funeral pyre in the streets of Florence still pleads for civic righteous 
 ness; the sound of Martin Luther s hammer nailing his thesis to the door of 
 nis Wittenburg church, continues to echo around the world; the battle cry of 
 Cromwell s Ironsides shouting, "The Lord of Hosts!" still causes the tyrant 
 and the despot to tremble upon his throne; out of the fire and blood of the 
 French Revolution, "Liberty and Equality" survive; Abraham Lincoln cornea 
 from the backwoods or Kentucky and the prairies of Illinois, to receive the ap 
 proval of all succeeding generations of mankind for his Proclamation of 
 Emancipation; John Brown was hung at Harper s Ferry that his soul might 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 55 
 
 go marching on in the tread of every northern regiment that fought for the 
 "Union forever;" William Lloyd Garrison, mobbed in the streets of Boston for 
 pleading the cause of the slave, lived to see freedom triumph, and tonight, a 
 century after his birth, his name is cherished, not only in America, but around 
 the world, wherever men aspire to individual liberty and personal freedom. 
 
 William Lloyd Garrison was in earnest. He neither temporized nor com 
 promised with the enemies of human freedom. He gave up all those comforts, 
 honors and rewards which his unusual talents would easily have won for him, 
 in behalf of the cause of freedom which he espoused. He stood for righteous- 
 aess with all the rugged strength of a prophet. Like some Elijah of the Gil- 
 ead Forests, he pleaded with this nation to turn away from the false gods it had 
 enshrined upon the altars of human liberty. Like some John Baptist crying 
 in the wilderness, he called upon this nation to repent of its sin of human 
 slavery, and to bring forth the fruits of its repentance in immediate emancipa 
 tion. 
 
 William Lloyd Garrison was born in Newburyport, Mass., Dec. 10, Ibu5 
 He came of very poor and obscure parentage. His father, who was a sea 
 faring man, early abandoned the family for causes supposed to relate to hia 
 intemperance. The whole career of Garrison was a struggle against poverty. 
 His educational advantages were limited. He became a printer s apprentice 
 when quite a lad, which trade he learned. When he launched his paper, "Tho 
 Liberator," which was to deal such destructive blows to slavery, the type was 
 set by his own hands. The motto of the "Liberator" was "Our country is the 
 world, our countrymen mankind." 
 
 Garrison did not worship the golden calf. His course could not b 
 changed, nor his opinions influenced by threats of violence or the bribe of 
 gold. Money could not persuade him to open his mouth against the truth, or 
 buy his silence from uncompromising denunciation of the wrong. He put 
 manhood above money, humanity above race, the justice of God above the jus 
 tices of the supreme court, and conscience above the constitution. Because, 
 he took his stand upon New Testament righteousness as taught by Christ, ne 
 was regarded as a fanatic in a Christian land. When he declared that "he 
 determined at every hazard to lift up a standard of emancipation in the eyes 
 of the nation, within sight of Bunker Hill and in the birthplace of liberty," lie 
 was regarded as a public enemy, in a nation conceived in liberty and dedi 
 cated to freedom. 
 
 Garrison drew his arguments from the Bible and the Declaration of Inde 
 pendence, only to be jeered as a wild enthusiast. He would not retreat a sin 
 gle inch from the straight path of liberty and justice. He refused to purchase 
 peace at the price of freedom. He would not drift with the current of the pub 
 lic opinion of his day. His course was up stream; his battle against the tiae 
 He undertook to create a right public sentiment on the question of freedom, a 
 
56 ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 task as great as it was difficult. Garrison thundered warnings to arouse the 
 public conscience, before the lightnings of his righteous wrath and the shafts 
 of his invincible logic wounded the defenders of slavery in all the vulnerable 
 joints of their armor. He declared: "Let southern oppressors tremble let 
 their secret abettors tremble; let their northern apologists tremble; let all the 
 enemies of the persecuted blacks tremble." For such utterances as these his 
 name throughout the nation became one of obloquy and reproach. 
 
 He was not bound to the slave by the ties of race, but by the bond of 
 common humanity which he considered a stronger tie. In his struggle for 
 freedom there was no hope of personal gain; he deliberately chose the path 
 way of poverty and financial loss. There was set before his eyes no prospect 
 of honor, no pathways leading to promotion, no voice of popular approval, 
 save tiiat of his conscience and his Gou. His friends and neighbors looked up 
 on him as one who brought a stigma upon the fair name of the city in which 
 he lived. The business interests regarded him as an influence which dis 
 turbed and injured the relations of commerce and of trade; the church op 
 posed him; the press denounced him; the state regarded him as an enemy of 
 the, established order; the North repudiated him; the South burned him in ef 
 figy. Yet almost single-handed and alone, Garrison continued to fight on. de 
 claring that "his reliance for the deliverance of the oppressed universally is 
 upon the nature of man, the inherent wrongfulness of oppression, the power 
 of truth, and the omnipotence of God." After the greatest civil war that ever 
 immersed a nation in a baptism of blood and tears, Garrison, unlike most re 
 formers, lived to see the triumph of the cause for which he fought and every 
 Blave, not only acknowledged as a tree man, out clothed with the dignity ana 
 powers of American citizenship. William Lloyd Garrison has passed from us, 
 tout the monumental character of his work and the influence of his life shall 
 never perish. While there are wrongs to be righted; despots to be attacked; 
 oppressors to be overthrown; peace to find and advocate, and freedom a 
 voice, the name of William Lloyd Garrison will live. 
 
 Those who would honor Garrison and perpetuate his memory and his 
 fame, must meet the problems that confront them with the same courage and 
 tn the same uncompromising spirit that Garrison met the burning questions it 
 the day. Those who would honor Garrison in one breath, while compromising 
 our manhood and advocating the surrender of our political rights in another, 
 not only dishonor his memory, not only trample the flag of our country witn 
 violent and unholy feet, but they spit upon the grave which holds the sacrefi 
 dust of this chiefest of the apostles of freedom. 
 
 The status of the Negro in this country was not settled by emancipation; 
 the 15th amendment to the constitution which it was confidently beiieved 
 would clothe him forever with political influence and power, is more bitterly 
 opposed today than it was a quarter of a century ago. The place which the 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 57 
 
 Negro is to occupy is still a vital and burning question. The newspaper press 
 and magazines are full of it; literature veils its discussion of the theme under 
 the guise of romance; political campaigns are waged with this question as a 
 paramount issue; it is written into the national platform of great political par 
 ties; it tinges legislation; it has invaded the domain of dramatic art, until to 
 day, it is enacted upon the stage; philanthropy, scholarship and religion are, 
 each from their point of view, more industriously engaged in its solution than 
 they have been in any previous generation. If the life and labors of Garrisoiv 
 and the illustrious men and women who stood with him, have a message for 
 the present, we should seek to interpret its meaning and lay the lesson to 
 heart. 
 
 The scenes have shifted, but the stage is the same; the leading characters 
 have not changed. We still have with us powerful influences trying to keep 
 the Negro down by unjust and humiliating legislation and degrading treat 
 ment; while on the other hand, the Negro and his friends are still contending 
 for the same privileges and opportunities that are freely accorded to other cit 
 izens whose skins do not happen to be black. We, of this nation, are slow to 
 learn the lessons taught by history; the passions which feed on prejudice and 
 tyranny can neither be mollified nor checked by subjection, surrender or com 
 promise. Self-appointed representatives of the Negro, his enemies and his 
 would-be friends are pointing to many diverse paths, each claiming that the 
 one he has marked for his feet is the proper one in wiMch he should walk. 
 There is but one direction in which the Negro should steadfastly look and but 
 one path in which he should firmly plant his feet that is toward the realiza 
 tion of complete manhood and equality, and the full justice that belongs to an 
 American citizen clothed with all of his constitutional power 
 
 This is a crucial hour for the Negro American; men are seeking today to 
 fix his industrial, political and social status under freedom, as completely as 
 they did under slavery. As this nation continued unstable, so long as it rest 
 ed upon the foundation stones of slavery, so will it remain insecure as long 
 as one-eighth of its citizens can be openly shorn of political power, while 
 confessedly they are denied "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." We 
 nave no animosity against the South or against southern people. We would 
 see the wounds left by the war of the rebellion healed; but \ve would have 
 them healed so effectually that they could not be trodden upon and made to 
 bleed afresh by inhuman barbarities and unjust legislation; we woulcf nave 
 the wounds of this nation bound up by the hands of those who are friendly to 
 the patient, so that they might not remain a political running sore. We would 
 have the bitter memories of the war effaced, but they cannot fade while the 
 spirit of slavery walks before the nation in a new disguise. We, too, would 
 nave a reunited country; but we would have the reunion to include not only 
 white men North and South, but a union so endearing, because so just, as to 
 
58 ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 embrace all of our fellow-countrymen regardless of section or of race. 
 President Roosevelt in one of his addresses to the Colored people, while 
 on his recent southern tour, has advised us that instead of agitating for our 
 rights, we should apply ourselves to the fulfilment of our duties. This is no 
 uew doctrine; it was taught by Jesus Christ who never once discussed the doc- 
 crme of human rights. Christ spoke of duties. Joseph Mazzini, tna 
 great Italian patriot, taught his fellow-countrymen that the way to secure their 
 liberation was through the fulfilment of their duties. By the fulfilment of 
 duty, Mazzini meant something quite different from what President Roosevelt 
 seems to nave had in mind. He taught that it was not simply a man s right 
 to be free, but that it was his duty, because God had created him to enjoy iree- 
 dom, and therefore, he would make himself an instrument of thwarting tne 
 ends of his Creator if he permitted without resistence his freedom to be taken 
 awa> 
 
 It is not a man s right, it is his duty to support and defend his family and 
 his home; he should therefore resist any influence exerted to prevent him 
 from maintaining them in comfort; while he should oppose with his life the 
 invader or despoiler of his home. God had created man with a mind capable 
 of infinite development and growth; it is not, therefore, a man s right, it is 
 his duty to improve his mind and to educate his children; he should not there- 
 tore, submit to conditions which would compel them to grow up in ignorance. 
 Man belongs to society; it is his duty to make his personal contribution of the 
 best that is within him to the common good; he can do this only as he is giv 
 en opportunity to freely associate with his fellowman. He should, therefore, 
 seek to overthrow the artificial social barriers which would intervene to sep 
 arate him from realizing the highest find best there is within him by freedom 
 of association. It is a man s duty to be loyal to his country and his flag, but 
 when his country becomes a land of oppression and his flag an emblem of in 
 justice and wrong, it becomes as much his duty to attack the enemies within 
 the nation as to resist the foreign invader. Tyrants and tyranny everywhere 
 should be attacked and overthrown. 
 
 This is a period of transition in the relations of the Negro to this nation. 
 The question which America is trying to answer, and which it must soon def 
 initely settle is this: What kind of Negroes ao the American people want? 
 Thai they must have the Negro in some relation is no longer a question 01 
 serious debate. The Negro is here 10,000,000 strong, and for weal or woe, he 
 is here to stay he is here to remain forever. In the government he is a po 
 litical factor; in education and in wealth he is leaping forward with giant 
 strides; he counts his taxable property by the millions, his educated men and 
 women by the scores of thousands; in the bouth he is the backbone of Indus 
 try; in every phase of American life his presence may be noted; he is also as 
 rnoroughly imbued with American principles and ideals as any class or people 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 59 
 
 beneath our flag. When Garrison started his fight for freedom, it was tne 
 prevailing sentiment that the Negro could have no place in this country save 
 that of a slave, but he has proven nimself to be more valuable as a free man 
 than as a slave. What kind of Negroes do the American people want? Do 
 they want a voteless Negro in a republic founded upon universal suffrage? 
 Do they want a Negro who shall not be permitted to participate in the govern 
 ment which he must support with his treasure and defend with his blood? Do 
 they want a Negro who shall consent to be set apart as forming a distinct in 
 dustrial class, permitted to rise no higher than the level of surfs or peasants? 
 Do they want a Negro who shall accept an interior social position, not as a 
 degradation, but as the just operation of the laws of caste based upon color? 
 Do they want a Negro who will avoid friction between the races by consenting 
 to occupy the place to which white men may choose to assign him? What 
 kind of a Negro do the American people want? Do they want a Negro who 
 will accept the doctrine, that however high he may rise in the scale of char 
 acter, wealth and education, he may never hope to associate as an equal with 
 white men? Do white men believe that 10,000,000 blacks, after having im 
 bibed the spirit of American institutions, and having exercised the rights of 
 free men for more tnan a generation, will ever accept a place of permanent 
 inferiority in the republic? Taught by the Declaration of Independence, sus 
 tained by the constitution of the United States, enlightened by the education 
 of our schools, this nation can no more resist the advancing tread of the hosts 
 of the oncoming blacks, than it can bind the stars or halt the resistless mo 
 tion of the tide 
 
 The answer which the American people may give to the question pro 
 posed cannot be final. There is another question of greater importance which 
 must be answered by the Negro, and by the Negro alone. What kind of an 
 American does the Negro intend to be? The answer to this question he must 
 seek and find in every field of human activity and endeavor. First, he must 
 answer it by negation. He does not intend to be an alien in the land of his 
 birth nor an outcast in the home of his fathers. He will not consent to hii 
 elimination as a political factor; he will refuse to camp forever on the borders 
 of the industrial world; as an American he will consider that his destiny is 
 united by indissoluble bonds with the destiny of America forever; he will strive 
 less to be a great Negro in this republic and more to be an influential and use 
 ful American. As intelligence is one of the chief safeguards of the republic, 
 he will educate his children. Knowing that a people cannot perish whose mor 
 als are above reproach, he will ally himself on the side of the forces of right 
 eousness; having been the object of injustice and wrong, he will be the foe ol 
 anarchy and the advocate of the supremacy of law. As an American citizen, 
 he will allow no man to protest his title, either at home or abroad. He wili 
 insist more and more, not only upon voting, but upon being voted for to oc- 
 
60 ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 cupy any position within the gift of the nation. As an American whose title 
 to citizenship is without a blemish or flaw, he will resist without compromise 
 every law upon the statute books, which is aimed at his degradation as a hu- 
 aian being and humiliation as a citizen. He will be no less ambitious and as 
 piring than his fellow-countrymen; he will assert himself, not as a Negro, but 
 as a man; he will beat no retreat in the face of his enemies and opposers; his 
 gifted sons and daughters, children of genius who may be born to him, will 
 make their contribution to the progress of humanity on these shores, accept 
 ing nothing but the honors and rewards that belong to merit. What kind of 
 an American does rue Negro intend to be? He intends to be an American who 
 will never mar the image of God, reproach the dignity of his manhood, or tar 
 nish the fair title of his citizenship, by apologizing to men or angels for asso 
 ciating as an equal, with some other American who does not happen to be 
 mack. He will place the love of country above the love of race; he will con 
 sider no task too difficult, no sacrifice too great, in his effort to emancipate his 
 country from the unChristlike feelings of race hatred and the American bond 
 age of prejudice. There is nothing that injustice so much respects, that Amer 
 icans so much admire, and the world so much applauds, as a man who stands 
 erect like a man, has the courage to speak in the tones of a man, and to fear 
 lessly act a man s part. 
 
 There are two views of the Negro question now at last clearly delineu. 
 One is that the Negro should stoop to conquer: that he should accept in si 
 lence the denial of his political rights; that he should not brave 
 the displeasure of white men by protesting ^ lien he is segregated in 
 humiliating ways upon the public carriers and in places of pub 
 lic entertainment; that he may educate his children, buy land 
 and save money; but he must not insist upon his children tak 
 ing their place in the body politic to which their character and intelligence en 
 title them; he must not insist on ruling the land which he owns or farms; he 
 must have no voice as to how the money he has accumulated is to be expended 
 through taxation and the various forms of public improvement. There are 
 others who believe that the Negro owes this nation no apology for his pres 
 ence in the United States; that being black he is still no less a man; that he 
 should not yield one syllable of his title to American citizenship; that he 
 should refuse to be assigned to an inferior plane by his fellow-countrymen; 
 thougn roes conspire against him and powerful friends desert him, he should 
 refuse to abdicate his sovereignty as a citizen, and to lay down his honor as a 
 man. (Wild applause, cries of "Ransom, Ransom." cneerlng.) 
 
 ff Americans become surfeited with wealth, haughty with the boasting 
 prme 01 race superiority, morally corrupt in the high places oi honor and of 
 trust, enervated through the pursuit of pleasure, or the political bondmen of 
 some strong man plotting to seize the reins of power, the Negro American will 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 61 
 
 continue his steadfast devotion to the flag, and the unyielding assertion of his 
 constitutional rights, that "this government of the people, for the people and 
 by the people, may not perish from the earth." 
 
 it is so marvelous as to be like a miracle of God, to behold the transform 
 ation that has taken place in the position of the Negro in this land since Wil 
 liam Lloyd Garrison first saw the light a century ago. When the Negro had 
 no voice, Garrison pleaded his cause; tonight the descendants of the slave stand 
 in Faneuil hall, while from ocean to ocean, every foot of American soil is ded 
 icated to freedom. The Negro American has found his voice; he is able to 
 speak for himself; he stands upon this famous platform here and thinks it no 
 presumption to declare that he seeks nothing more, and will be satisfied with 
 nothing less than the full measure of American citizenshi. 
 
 I feel inspired tonight. The spirits of the champions of freedom hover 
 near. High above the stars, Lincoln and Garrison, Sumner and Phillips, Doug 
 lass and Lovejoy, look down to behold their prayers answered, their labors re 
 warded, and their prophecies fulfilled. They were patriots; the true saviours 
 of a nation that esteemed them not. They have left us a priceless heritage. 
 Is there to be found among us now one who would so dishonor the memory of 
 these sainted dead; one so lost to love of country and loyalty to his race, as 
 to offer to sell our birthright for a mess of pottage? When we were slaves, 
 Garrison labored to make us free; when our manhood was denied, he pro 
 claimed it. Shall we in the day of freedom be less loyal to our country and 
 true to ourselves than were the friends who stood for us in our night of woe? 
 Many victories have been won for us; there are still greater victories we must 
 win for ourselves. The proclamation of freedom and the bestowal of citizen 
 ship were not the ultimate goal we started out to reach, they were but the be 
 ginnings of progress. We, of this generation, must so act our part that a cen 
 tury hence, our children and our children s children may honor our memory 
 and be inspired to press on as they receive from us untarnished the banner of 
 freedom, of manhood and of equality among men. 
 
 The Negro went aboard the ship of state when she was first launched up 
 on the uncertain waters of our national existence. He booked as a through 
 passenger until she should reach "the utmost sea-mark of her farthest sail." 
 When those in command treated him with injustice and brutality, he did not 
 mutiny or rebel; when placed before the mast as a lookout, he did not fall 
 asleep at his post. He has helped to keep her from being wrecked upon the 
 rocks of treachery; he has imperiled his life by standing manfully to his task 
 while she outrode the fury of of a threatening sea; when the pirate craft of 
 rebellion bore down upon her and sought to place the black flag of disunion at 
 her masthead, he was one of the first to respond when the captain called all 
 hands up on deck. If the enemies of liberty should ever again attempt to 
 wreck our ship of state, the Negro American will stand by the guns; he will 
 
62 
 
 ONE HfNDRKDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 not desert her when she is sinking, but with the principles of the Declaration 
 of Independence nailed to the masthead, with the nag afloat, he would prefer 
 lather to perish with her than to be numbered among those who deserted her 
 when assailed by an overwhelming foe. If she weathers the storms that beat 
 upon her, outsails the enemies that pursue her, avoids the rocks that threaten 
 her, and anchors at last in the port of her desired haven, black Americans and 
 white Americans locked together in brotherly embrace, will pledge each other 
 to remain aboard forever on terms of equality, because they shall have learned 
 by experience that neither one of them can be saved, except they thus abide in 
 the ship. 
 
 For the present our strivings are not in vain. The injustice that leans 
 upon the arm of oppression for support must fall; truth perverted or sup 
 pressed gains in momentum while it waits; generations may perish, but hu 
 manity will survive; out of the present conflict of opinion and the differences 
 of race and color that divide, once the tides of immigration have ceased to flow 
 to our shores, this nation will evolve a people who shall be one in purpose, one 
 In spirit, one in destiny a composite American by the co-mingling of blood. 
 
 When the applause following the 
 oration had subsided, Company L filed 
 down from the gallery and marched 
 out through the center aisle with the 
 band playing and the audience ap 
 plauding. 
 
 Mrs. Olivia Ward Bush then read the 
 Emancipation Proclamation and the 
 13th Amendment, as showing the end 
 of the Liberator s work, its publication 
 being ended at that time. 
 
 After this Mr. Edward Everett 
 Brown made an impassioned short ad 
 dress. He said in part: 
 
 Mr. President and Fellow Citizens: 
 It is fitting that we should assemble in 
 historic Faneuil Hall, where the great 
 battles of our race and humanity have 
 been fought, to pay our tribute of love 
 and respect to the sainted memory of 
 that grand, fearless uncompromising 
 defender and champion of the rights 
 of man, justice and equality, William 
 Lloyd Garrison. 
 
 No man who truly loves his race 
 and is interested in its highest so 
 cial, commercial, political, intellectual 
 and moral advancement, could fail to 
 respond to the call of duty in such a 
 sacred cause as we have met tonight 
 to honor and draw lessons of inspira 
 tion from his noble life and self-sac 
 rificing character. 
 
 The Negroes of America owe more 
 to Garrison than to any other man 
 who lived during that stormy period 
 that tried men s souls. 
 
 He was hated, persecuted and mob 
 bed for us, but his courage never failed 
 him, never for a moment did he lose 
 interest in the mighty cause of human 
 freedom and liberty for the poor, de 
 spised black slave to whom he had 
 consecrated his life. 
 
 If it had not been for Garrison we 
 would probably have never had the 
 eloquent Phillips pleading our cause 
 at the great bar of public opinion. Be 
 cause it was that disgraceful scene 
 witnessed by Phillips in Court street, 
 Boston in 1835, when Garrison was be 
 ing dragged through the streets by 
 the Broadcloth mob that enlisted the 
 sympathy of Phillips and from that mo 
 ment he became a convert to the anti- 
 slavery cause. 
 
 In spite of the sacrifices of blood and 
 treasure, caused by the great war of 
 the rebellion, the Negro citizens of 
 America are still the victims of unjust 
 persecution; race hatred and discrimi 
 nation, disfranchised, robbed of the 
 ballot, that priceless heritage of Ameri 
 can citizenship, denied the right of 
 trial by jury, shot down, lynched and 
 murdered without even the form of a 
 trial. 
 
 I believe that a sentiment will go 
 forth from this historic hall that will 
 arouse the seared .hearts, and con 
 sciences of the American people to give 
 the Negro fair play, justice, equal op 
 portunity, equal rights under the sacred 
 constitution of our country. 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 
 
 The chairman of the committee on 
 Resolutions, Mr. T. P.Taylor, called 
 upon Rev. J. W. Hill, secretary of the 
 committee on resolutions, to read 
 them, before doing so narrating brief 
 ly his experience in helping save Wen 
 dell Phillips from the mob at the 
 Smith Court Synagogue in 1860. 
 
 The Resolutions Adopted. 
 
 Whereas: On this memorable 
 occasion we are filled with grati 
 tude to God, who hath given us 
 a grand opportunity to unite 
 with a host of friends throughout the 
 country in the observance of the One 
 Hundredth Anniversary of the birth 
 of the Pioneer in the work of the 
 abolition of American slavery, William 
 Lloyd Garrison; and are glad to re 
 call to memory the history of one 
 who when a young man of twenty-four 
 years, thought deeply on the subject 
 of human oppression and decided that 
 the curse of American slavery should 
 be removed from the land. Mr. Garri 
 son became inspired with a strong de 
 sire and determination to lift his voice 
 and wield his pen in behalf of the 
 bondman, and with courage to go forth 
 almost single handed to demand for 
 the enslaved race, "Immediate and Un 
 conditional Emancipation." With a 
 strong faith in the possibility of suc 
 cess he began his life work fearing 
 neither opposition nor danger that 
 threatened him all the way. 
 
 We are reminded, a ( s we reverently 
 tread the path over which the excited 
 mob dragged his body, that Mr. Garri 
 son bore with calm fortitude the insult, 
 still believing that his cause was just, 
 and that eventually "right would tri 
 umph over might." We will gladly re 
 member that his love of country and 
 desire for Universal Freedom, led him 
 to place on the pages of the earliest 
 edition of the "Liberator," his motto: 
 "Our country is the world; our coun 
 trymen are all mankind," and to be 
 known as a foe to every form of op 
 pression. Therefore be it 
 
 Resolved: That, as we renew 
 memories of the anti-slavery 
 struggle, we rejoice that to 
 our oppressed race as a grand re 
 sult of the agitation the Day of Free 
 dom dawned, the prison doors were 
 opened, the chains loosened and the 
 oppressed walked forth to freedom 
 forever on American soil. 
 
 Resolved: That we gratefully record 
 anew appreciation of the labors of 
 William Lloyd Garrison and the host 
 
 of earnest men and women who, with 
 their true friend and leader, worked 
 incessantly during the dark hours of 
 slavery and lived to hail with joy the 
 sending over the land the Emancipa 
 tion Proclamation giving freedom to 
 four millions of bondmen, who took 
 up the joyful news and shouted to all 
 around the welcome words, "We re 
 free, we re free." 
 
 Resolved: That we will often bring 
 to the young people the memory of the 
 past, and lead them to trace the his 
 tory of the Negro-American, and from 
 year to year record the wonderful pro 
 gress made since the day that civil 
 and politicaj opportunity was given 
 them. It shall be our aim to place in 
 every household a memento of this 
 occasion, bearing a likeness of Wil 
 liam Lloyd Garrison, with many of 
 his sayings that shajl be remembered 
 by succeeding generations. 
 
 Resolved: That we deem this a fit 
 ting time to bring to the wives and 
 mothers of our country the beautiful 
 example of fidelity as seen in the life 
 of the sainted companion of Mr. Gar 
 rison, who encouraged him in his work 
 and proved herself a true helpmate, 
 sending him in the midst of his dark 
 est hours while Sheltered in the jail 
 from the fury of an angry mob, the 
 message "I know my husband will not 
 betray his principles," this too, when a 
 young wife and mother, surrounded 
 by a little family that missed the lov 
 ing presence of a devoted husbaoid and 
 father. 
 
 Resolved: That we urge the 
 wives and mothers of our land 
 to impress on the minds of 
 the young people the lessons of moral 
 courage and adherence to good princi 
 ples that shall prepare them for the 
 duties of life; making them to stand 
 for the Right at all times, and that we 
 consider it our duty to encourage them 
 in their efforts by our renewed deter 
 mination to uplift the race with whom 
 we are identified, until they shall 
 overcome all obstacles to success, and 
 enjoy the rights that belong to every 
 citizen of the United States. And 
 finally be it 
 
 Resolved: That we reconsecrate 
 ourselves to the great ideal of Free 
 dom, for which Garrison suffered im 
 prisonment and even risked his life 
 and reaffirm our belief in his method 
 of destroying evil by exposing its hide 
 ous nature and denouncing its perpe 
 trators, being as he was, "as harsh as 
 truth and as uncompromising as jus- 
 
6 4 
 
 ONE HUNDREDTHS ANNIVERSARY 
 
 tice;" and, with millions of our fellows 
 in the new bondage of peonage and of 
 disfranchisement in the south, we 
 pledge ourselves to seek their freedom 
 through agitation, adopting as our 
 motto his words, "I am in earnest; I 
 will not equivocate; I will not retreat 
 a single inch, and I will be heard." 
 
 Then Mr. William Lloyd Garrison, 
 Jr., a grandson of the Abolitionist, 
 made a brief and witty speech which 
 delighted the audience, especially his 
 reference to William Lloyd, the 4th. 
 
 Mr. Wm. Lloyd Garison, Jr., said in 
 part: It would be presumptuous in 
 me to attempt to speak after the mag 
 nificent and convincing oration of the 
 speaker of the evening. (Applause.) 
 
 This I do wish to say. All Garri 
 sons love liberty. (Applause.) All 
 Garrisons are firmly convinced of the 
 certain advancement of the Colored 
 race in America to its high destiny. 
 (Applause). To give an earnest of my 
 belief in my tradition I want to tell 
 you that I have taken care to perpet 
 uate the name of the man whose 
 anniversary you celebrate tonight in 
 perhaps the surest way. That name 
 is now borne by my 4-year-old boy 
 (Laughter) who promises, judging 
 from his present activity to become 
 a greater agitator than even his 
 great grand sire. 
 
 At the conclusion of these re 
 marks the applause and mirth lasted 
 several minutes and did not subside 
 until, on request, Mrs. Garrison, the 
 mother of the baby, stood up and 
 was seen. 
 
 The great crowd had remained 
 though the hour was late. C. G. Mor 
 gan had declined to speak on that ac 
 count. Then came up a cry of "Hutch- 
 inson," which showed what the audi 
 ence wanted. The venerable singer 
 was greeted with three rousing cheers. 
 He made a brief speech, saying in 
 part: 
 
 This is a sacred place to me. It has 
 been since 1842, when we joined with 
 the abolitionists in their errand con 
 ventions in this place. Mr. Garrison 
 always had some notice in his paper 
 when we were traveling over the coun 
 try. I remember that one time in St. 
 Louis the mayor, after one of our con 
 certs said, "You are an abolitionist; 
 you have no business here; get out of 
 the city. You will have no protection 
 here," and we left in a hurry. We 
 went straight into Chicago where we 
 were received with open arms. I re 
 
 member in New Haven some slave 
 sympathizers in the gallery hissed us. 
 My brother, Judson, rose deliberately 
 and said: "There are no snakes in Ire 
 land, but there are some geese in 
 America." 
 
 He told of an incident in England 
 when the Hutchinsons went to Eng 
 land with Frederick Douglass, and 
 when he sat with them at the table. 
 Then he sang "The Car Emancipa 
 tion," which evoked much laughter, 
 being supported by his wife and son, 
 who joined in the chorus. 
 
 The chairman of the committee ap 
 pointed in the afternoon to see the 
 mayor reported that the wreath had 
 been restored. 
 
 Mr. Moses Newsome was then 
 asked by the chairman to speak, but 
 the hour being late, and the audience 
 anxious to get away, he desisted, and 
 Rev. Byron Gunner pronounced the 
 benediction, after wkich Secretary 
 Trotter brought Mrs. Hudson to the 
 front of the stage and explained she 
 was once a fugitive slave, and was 
 "presented" to Mr. Garrison at a Fan- 
 euil hall anti-slavery meeting 50 years 
 ago. 
 
 Thus ended the greatest meeting of 
 Colored people in Boston since the 
 Emancipation Proclamation and the 
 enactment of the 15th amendment, in 
 the opinion of the old resiednts, and 
 the greatest celebration Boston Col 
 ored people ever had. 
 
 The members of the Columbia Glee 
 club who were present to sing were: 
 Chas. A. E. Cuffee, Geo. B. O Brien, 
 John D. Allston, first tenors; J. E. 
 Lee, Chas. L. White, Chas. Johnson, 
 J. B. Waters, second tenors; Wm. H. 
 Richardson, Edw. Rollins, J. Sherman 
 Jones, Julius B. Goddard, first basses; 
 Dr. I. L. Roberts, Wm. H. Hamilton, 
 J. R. McClenney, second basses: J. 
 R. McClenney, musical director; Wm. 
 H. Hamilton, manager. 
 
 The members of the Common 
 wealth band which rendered such ex 
 cellent music are: Wm. A. Smith, lead 
 er; J. H. Barkley, R. Birch, Chas. 
 Butcher, Joseph Bonner, D. W. Chest 
 nut, G. L. Cephas, Joseph De Lyons, 
 T. J. Hamilton, Wm. Howard. M. 
 Hayes, J. E. Johnson, John Lee, treas 
 urer, Chas. Sheppard, Dr. Scott, B. S. 
 Vvnite, Luther White, secretary, J. M. 
 Grigsby, Chas. Thomas, John Cook, 
 L. T. B. Howard. Thos. Bovell. \V. B. 
 Burrell, C. F. Chandler, C. H. Bark- 
 ley, Jr., Mr. Clay. 
 
The Citizens Committee of the Two 
 Days Celebration 
 
 The movement for a public observ 
 ance of the Centenary of Wm. Lloyd 
 Garrison was first conceived and an 
 nounced by the Boston Suffrage 
 League, at a meeting held in the rooms 
 of the Charles Sumner Republican 
 club, 634 Shawmut avenue, on Nov. 
 29, 1904, at which time a committee 
 was appointed. This made the Bos 
 ton movement the pioneer in the 
 country. Nothing was done, however, 
 till the next year, when at a meeting 
 of the league, Oct. 17, 1905, held at 
 the same place, a new committee of 
 twelve members was appointed by the 
 President, Rev. Wm. H. Scott, to ar 
 range for a celebration and to seek 
 the co-operation of all the citizens 
 of Greater Boston. 
 
 The first meeting of the League s 
 Committee was held at the establish 
 ment of Mr. J. A. Crawford, the chair 
 man, 894 Tremont street, Oct. 25th, 
 1905, and subsequent meetings were 
 held at the establishment of Mr. Chas. 
 A. Scales, 626A Shawmut avenue. The 
 first meeting of the Citizens Commit 
 tee was held at Love and Charity 
 hall, 1042 Tremont street, Sunday, 
 Nov. 19, 1905, and was largely attend 
 ed, the use of the hall being donated 
 by the Brothers and Sisters of Love 
 and Charity, through the intercession 
 of Mr. Walter Thomas. Sub-commit 
 tees of the Citizens Committee were 
 appointed on Arrangements, Printing, 
 Reception, Finance, Decoration, Music, 
 Resolutions and Wreath. 
 
 Meetings and adjourned meetings of 
 these sub-committees were held in the 
 parlors of Mr. and Mrs. D. H. Miner, 
 31 Holyoke street; Mr. and Mrs. Rob 
 ert Ransom, 16 Holyoke street; Mrs. 
 Lucy Groves, 389 Northampton street; 
 Dr. and Mrs. S. J. Fewell, 92 West 
 Springfield street; Mr. and Mrs. Rob 
 ert Lee. 367 Northampton street; 
 Capt. and Mrs. Charles L, Mitchell, 24 
 Sherman street, and Mrs. Arianna C. 
 Sparrow, 75 Camden street. 
 
 By invitation of the League s Com 
 mittee, the session at St. Monica s 
 Home, 125 Highland street, Mr. Garri 
 
 son s homestead, was taken charge of 
 by St. Monica s Aid Sewing Circle and 
 St. Monica s Relief Association; the 
 session at the Smith Court Syna 
 gogue (which place was secured 
 through the kind intercession of Mr. 
 H. Crine of Brookline) by the Boston 
 Literary and Historical Association 
 and the St. Mark Musical and Literary 
 Union, and the morning session at Fan- 
 euil Hall by the Colored Veteran As 
 sociations and Women s Clubs. The 
 meetings of this last committee were 
 held in the parlors of Commander and 
 Mrs. A. Ditmus, 67 Phillips street, and 
 of Mrs. Hannah C. Smith, 371 North 
 ampton street. 
 
 The members of the Citizens Com 
 mittee by sub-committees were: 
 
 Committee of Arrangements 
 
 Mark R. DeMortie, Chairman. Philip 
 J. Allston, secretary, J- R. Andrews, 
 Joseph Butler, Albert Brown, Capt. 
 Geo. W. Braxton, Win. G. Butler, T. E. 
 Bowser, E. E. Brown, George Betts, T. R. 
 Bird, Stephen Brown, J. W. Buchanan, S. 
 Boulware, Mrs. S. Boulware, W. A. Bland, 
 Simon Ball. Miss Beulah Butler, Mrs. Mary 
 Barnett. Henry Batchelder, Mrs. Henry 
 Batchelder. Marshall Bridgett, J. A. Craw 
 ford, F. R. Chisholm, Mrs. Robt. Carter 
 T. S. Calvin, Edw. Christian, E. M. Clary, 
 Mrs. I. R. Chapman, Alexander Gotten, 
 Wm. H. Dupree, Mrs. E. Davenport, James 
 Epps, L. A. Eichelburge, Catherine Free 
 man, George C. Freeman, A. J. Foye, Mrs. 
 A. J. Foye, Mr. Foye, Dr. Wm. II. Gilbert, 
 Jesse Goode, W. O. Goodell, George S. Glov 
 er, Wm. N. Goode, Robt. Hemmings, Wm. 
 II. Holden. L. S. Hicks, W. P. Hare, W. A. 
 Hemmingway, Mrs. W. A. Hemmingway. 
 M. F. Hamlin, Sam l Jackson, T. V. Jones, 
 A. V. Jones, Edmund K. Jones, A. W. Jor 
 dan, Mrs. Annie Jenkins, Eugene A. Jack 
 son, Mr. Jackson, A. P. Jones, Henry Jones, 
 Mrs. Mary Johnson, Asa B. Kountze, Dr. 
 Henry Lewis, W. M. Lash, Dr. W. C. Lane, 
 Peter Lattimore, John D. Ludkins, W. W. 
 Mercer, J. E. Martin, Mrs. M. A. McAdoo, 
 Sam l Merchant, Guy Outlaw, Wm. Pegram, 
 Geo. N. Rainey, Luke E. Reddick, \Vm 
 Riley, U. A. Ridley, Mrs. Mary Selden, Rev 
 M. A. N. Shaw, Wm. H. Smith, Miss Mary 
 Richards, Rev. Wm. H. Scott, Walter W. 
 Sampson, Mr. and Mrs. Stephens, Walter J. 
 Stephens, Henry Sport, Louis F. Smith, W. 
 C. Tucker, Mrs. Virginia Trotter, Henry A. 
 Turner, Allen Thompson, S. Tasco, Mrs. W. 
 H. Thomas. Miss R. E. Thompson, Sam l 
 Washington, J. C. Westmoreland, J. H. 
 Walden, Milton Walker, N. P. Wentworth, 
 J. H. Wolfe, Lewis H. Williams, Mr. and 
 
66 
 
 ONK HLTN T I)RKI)TH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 Mrs. S. K. Wilson, J. S. Bailey, Louis P. 
 Baldwin, James W. Council. James C. John 
 son, Franklin Furr. Mrs. C. G. Morgan, 
 Thomas Morgan. \V. A. Richardson, Mrs. 
 Kosetia Robinson, Mr. and Mrs. S. William 
 son. Geo. M. Wright, Miss A. L. Andrews. 
 Joseph D. Augustine. W. L. Brown. Joseph 
 Bailey, Mrs. J. W. Brooks. Mrs. Samuel 
 Bush, Mrs. James E. Banks. Miss Estella 
 Hanks. Mrs. Rachel J. Brown, Mrs. E. 
 Booker. C. M. Bonneau, James 1). Brum- 
 mell, Mr. and Mrs. Harry C. Cornish, Mr. 
 and Mrs. ( has. R. Cain, 8. J. Davis. Mrs. 
 Courtney Dozier. Mr. and Mrs. William 
 Foster. Mrs. Z. R. Fountain. Mrs. Esther 
 Faulkner. Horace J. Gray. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Lahan C. Houser. Mrs. John R. King, 
 Joseph S. Kemp. Mrs. Susan L. Kemp. Mrs. 
 Mary King. Miss Willie Lewis. Mrs. Daniel 
 H. Miner. Mrs. Fmery T. Morris, Mrs. Ma 
 ria I*. Mowbry. Mrs. Esther Pierce. William 
 Parker. Mrs. Jerusha F. Ross. Mrs. G. L. 
 Robinson. Mrs. Alice V. Scott. Mrs. Lurenia 
 Stallion. W. F. Sykes. Mrs. Nellie A. Stith, 
 Dr. D. W. Sherfod. Mrs. Mary J. Selby. 
 Mrs. Julia A. Tynes, Mrs. Matilda Thomas, 
 Mrs. L. A. Weston. 
 
 Committe\3 on Decoration. 
 Mrs. Katherine Lee. Chairman, S. D. 
 Anderson, John Adams, Mrs. Emily All- 
 ston. Fred k E. Allston, Henry Anderson 
 
 C. A. Averett. W. H. Beckett. G. H. Book 
 er. Mr. and Mrs. S. E. Bishop, T. P. Cole- 
 man, Mrs. J. C. Chappelle. J. Cohen, Mrs 
 R. Coursey, J. O. Credle. Mrs. Annie Chase, 
 Mrs. Drummond. Mrs. \V. H. Dupree, F. C. 
 Dickerson, R. F. Dymond. Mrs. Mary Dan 
 dridge. T. J. Ewing, Mrs. L. L. Foy, Ernest 
 Feutado, Mr. and Mrs. L P. Fern, James 
 French. W. Fitzgerald. Mrs. R. Fenney, 
 Mr. Farnam. G. K. Fitzgiles. G. H. Green, 
 Mrs. M. Grant, J. Guthrie, F. Gaston Hill. 
 J. R. Hamm. Mrs. Mary Howard. Ernest 
 Holmes, Ernest Hodges, J. T. Hardy, Peter 
 Hanscombe. Mrs. A. C. Hawthorne. Annie 
 K. Harris, Sgt. Homer. Mrs. Chas. H. Hall 
 L. N. Hicks. II. Henderson. Mr. and Mrs 
 W. L. Holly. D. B. Harrell. Mrs. Ilirks, 
 George W. Johnson. George W. Johnson. R 
 J. Junes. J. S. Jenkins, Mrs. Rachael John- 
 son. Monroe Johnson. Mr. and Mrs. W. A. 
 Johnston. Mrs. Joseph King. Warren King. 
 Mrs. Louise Kenswil, A. B. Lattlmore. Mrs. 
 Fannie Lonon, George W. Lewis, W. 1*. 
 Lewis. H. II. Johnson, John Leary. Mrs. 
 Joseph Lee. Mrs. Mary Jackson, Harry 
 Lewis. Mrs. L. Lomax. Mrs. G. H. Lynch. 
 Andrew B. Lattimore, M. J. Morris. Alfred 
 Mathias. R. J. Morris, J. Monroe. Isaac Man 
 uel, Mrs. L. Marstellar. Mrs. G. C. Maynard. 
 Henry Murray, Z. Moody, W. H. Mclntlre. 
 II. M. Murray. R. S. Melvin, S. McKinney, 
 J. P. Nelson, W. G. Norris, J. E. O Brien. 
 W. S. Patrick. Mrs. B. Perkins. Mrs. Rich 
 ardson, J. Peake, S. Perkins, Mrs. Edith L 
 Pile. J. Rowly, W. Russell. Miss Su 
 sie E. Raymond, W. H. Richardson, Nicho 
 las Rhone, Roswell Roles. Mr. Atlas Skin- 
 n^r. W. S. Sparrow, W. H. Surrey. T. G 
 S -huyler. Mrs. J. Ellis Shaw, John R 
 Suggs, Thomas W. Swan. W. B. Smith, J. 
 
 D. Sheldin, L. Spottswood. J. Sanchez, E. 
 Sharp. Walter Thomas, T. Thomas, Mr. 
 and Mrs. A. B. Taylor. W. W. Taylor. Mrs. 
 Fannie Taylor. B. Tinsley. Miss Susie Upton, 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Wilson, B. F. Washington, 
 G. E. Wilson, A. W. Wood, U. S. G. Wright. 
 A. J. White. W. Watkins, W. Walker. S. 
 
 E. Wood. Wm. H. Wilkes. James H. West, 
 Miles Whitney, W. H. Wilson, Harry F. 
 Wilson. F. Whittaker, Mrs. Sarah Wright. 
 A. White. W. S. Wilson, Alex Young. John 
 Allston. Eddie Armstead. Mrs. Rosa H. 
 
 Barnett. James <). Davis, A. L. Edwards, 
 Elmo F. Furey. Richard Jones, Wm. J. 
 Lindsay, Mrs. Fannie Marable. G. B. Me 
 Kenzie. Mrs. Mary J. Mercer, W. S. Price, 
 C. C. Pel ham, L. J. Quarles, P. S. Spencer. 
 Mrs. Georgie Simmons. W. H. P. Thorn 
 ton. J. L. Wedger. T. J. Williams. 
 
 Resolutions Committee. 
 T. P. Taylor, chairman, J. W. Hill, sec 
 retary. W. Allston, Esq.. Mrs. Agnes Adams, 
 J. Henderson Allston, Mrs. Octavia J. Arm 
 stead. William O. Armstrong, J. H. Bryant, 
 Robert W. Brown, Montague Burley, D. W. 
 Bates, M. R. Browne, E. D. Brown Dr 
 
 E. P. Brown. Miss Maria L. Baldwin, J. R. 
 Bourne, William G. Butler, Gertrude Baker 
 Arthur Bodene, W. Stanley Braithwaite, 
 Christopher Branum. W. H. Batum. W. S. 
 Carpenter. Oliver R. Crump, Robert F. 
 Coursey, David Crawford, Lee M. Carring 
 ton, Dr. W. A. COx, Mrs. E. E. Casneau, 
 W. Chapman. George P. Dabney. C. S. 
 Dixon. Rev. J. H. Duckery. Philip Down 
 ing. J. H. Edwards. Dr. S. C. Fuller, Leon 
 ard Ford. J. Wesley Furlong. Dr. George 
 
 F. Grant, M. Goolsby. Miss Eliza Gardner. 
 Horace Gray, Jr., William B. Gould Sr 
 Fred J. Hemmings, J. C. Holmes, William 
 H. Hardy, Andrew C. Hall, Rev. Johns,on 
 Hill, Mrs. Addie Jewell. W. Hall Jackson, 
 Rev. W. D. Johnson, Charles King, James 
 A. Lew, John T. Morris, Charles Mainioy 
 Lawrence C. Miller, D. II. Milligan. Gran- 
 ville Martin. J. H. MacKenzie, N. B. Mar 
 shall, J. F. McKenney, Emery T. Morris 
 C. G. Morgan. Moses Newsome. William 
 Pleasant. Mr. Pegiam. Elmer Poyer. C. H 
 Pierce. Freeman A. Perkins, Dr. T. W. Pat 
 rick. Raymond L. Phillips. G. W. Rahn 
 William T. Ritchie. S. P. Randall, Clarence 
 Robinson, Henry Ruttin, Dr. II. W. Ross 
 Mrs. F. R. Ridley, S. R. Rhone, Rev. A. K! 
 Spearman. Mr. Seco, Mrs. Hannah Smith 
 M ss Hattie Smith, Thomas C. Scottron 
 J. B. Stokes. Rev. P. T. Staniford. Mrs. A 
 Sparrow. A. II. Scales. Edward Slater. Mrs 
 Susie King Ta^, .or. William Tarby. Maude 
 Trotter. B. R. Wilson. Esq.. Rev. J. H. 
 Wiley. William H. Wilson. Rev. David R. 
 Wallace. Benjamin Washington. W. O. 
 Wost. Cant. William J. Williams. Mr. West. 
 Mrs. Jessie Weyman. 
 
 Committee on Finance. 
 
 Dr. S. J. Fewell. Chairman. C. R. Sheler. 
 Secretary. Mrs. <Jeorgie Augustine. John 
 Bunks. J. A. Brown. C. S. Brown. Wm. A. 
 Bemberg. Jas. E. Binns. James E. Banks. 
 H. H. o. Burwell. Rev. J. D. Bloice, Mrs. 
 Matthew Banks, Rev. W. II. Burrell, C. H. 
 Crawford. Rev. S. A. Carrington, A. J. 
 Curry. A. Crumpler. R. J. Cox, J. H. 
 Chandler Rev. S. J. Comfort, John Charles 
 ton. Mrs. David Chestnut, Squire Clark. 
 Miss Annie Chapman. R. Crawford, Mrs. J. 
 W. Council. Luther Dandridge. G. W. Da 
 vis. W. II. Davis. Miss Diamond. Wm. Daw- 
 kins. W. II. Davis, Washington Diggs, J. 
 II. Dngger. Mr. Joseph Dorsey. Mrs. Mary 
 Dunson. A. II. Dixon. Mrs. Mar^ Daven- 
 norr. Jas. A. Devine, Edw. A. Ditnus. E. R. 
 DeLong. A. L. Foye. Mrs. Charlotte France. 
 Mr. A. J. Fassett. Rev. B. W. Farris, Pom 
 pey Gray, Theodore Gould. Geo. W. Gray. 
 James L. Green. James H. Gardner. Mrs. 
 A. A. Grant. Mrs. Martha Green, E. W. 
 Holmes. S. B. Iliggins. Rev. Jesse Harrell, 
 T. J. Hamilton. Rev. M. L. Harvey. Rev. 
 E. S. Hatton. J. Francis Henry, James II. 
 Hawkins. Frank Hey wood. Gilbert C. liar 
 ris. S. P Hutchinson. Frank Hill. 
 Mrs. Mary James, Miss Alice James. Wm. 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 Jones, Theodore Jennings, John Johnson, 
 Lowman B. Johnson, Mrs. A. W. Jordan, 
 Mrs. Mary Johnson, J. H. King, Joseph 
 King-, Walter King, H. A. Kenswil, William 
 R. Kimball, W. H. King, Wm. C. Lovett, 
 Mark C. London, G. A. Logman, T. F. 
 Marlow, Mrs. Effle Miller, Mrs. S. L. Mon* 
 roe, Charles E. Woodest, G. W. Morris, 
 Paul Monroe, Geo. W. Mullen, Agnes Mc- 
 Caine, Albert McNeil, P. L. Mitchell, Mrs. 
 Kate Monroe, Mrs. Elnora Modeste, H. 
 Mayers, W. S. Moore, Miss Elizabeth Old- 
 royd, J. A. Phinney, Mrs. Albert Parham, 
 Mr. C. Parker, Mrs. C. Parker, William H. 
 Pryor, Rev. L. C. Parrish, Mrs. R. C. Ran 
 som, Dr. I. L. Roberts, Mrs. Mary Russell, 
 Sergt. Robinson, J. R. Ransom, W. H. Rob 
 inson, Erskin Roberts, George L. Robinson, 
 Nancy Reddick, Mrs. Emma Spiller, J. E 
 Shaw, Reuben Stephens, Fred A. Smith, 
 Rev. F. G. Snelson, Mrs. Henry Sport, 
 Robt. G. Smith, C. R. Sheler, J. H. Saun- 
 ders. A. E. Trusty, Mrs. F. Tarby, George 
 F. Thompson, Mrs. Elmer Thomas, C. W. 
 Whaley, Mrs. H. Waddell, S. E. Wood. 
 Samuel Winuingham, Mrs. Sarah B. West, 
 J. W. Williams, Robert L. Whitneld, Martha 
 White, C. W. M. Williams, Mrs. M. A. 
 Woodest, Henry Batum, Steward E. Hoyt, 
 A. A. Kiner, C. B. Manuel, Arthur B 
 Quarles, John H. Taylor. 
 
 Committee on Music. 
 
 Julius B. Goddaru, cnairman. J. M. Ar- 
 buckle, J. F. Anderson, C. T. Bovell, G. H. 
 Barnett, Miss Mary Demby, John D. Dowse, 
 Madam Corbin David, Henry Dixon, G. E. 
 Edmead, Lovett Groves, Miss Marjorie 
 Groves, Mrs. Eva Roosa Hutchins, W. H. 
 Hamilton, Mrs. W. H. Hamilton, Mrs. Maud 
 Cuney Hare, J. Sherman Jones, Benjamin 
 Janey, Miss Georgetta Johnston, Miss Gene- 
 vieve Lee, Irving Y. Langston, Way man 
 Jefferson, Mrs. Rachel Johnson, Charles H. 
 Johnson, Miss Daisy Jones, James E. Lee. 
 J. R. McClenney, James H. Moore, J. Shel- 
 ton Pollen, Antonio Portuondo, Prof. John 
 F. Ransom. George L. Ruffin, Mrs. Nicholas 
 Rhone, Wm. H. Richardson, J. Patterson 
 Rollins, Mrs. J. Patterson Rollins, Spencer 
 Riley. Mrs. Carrie Bland Sheler, Miss Elean- 
 ora Smith, T. Wilcott Swan, Jr., W. A 
 Smith, Chas. Sport, Mrs. Adelaide Smith 
 Terry, Garfleld Tarrant, Miss Rachel M. 
 Washington, Prof. Fred P. White, W. H. 
 Wooten, Miss Georgietta Woodest, Eugene 
 Williams. C. F. White, C. E. Wheeler, Mrs. 
 Phoebe Glover, Miss Georgine Glover. Mrs. 
 Lillian Reynolds-Ray, Mrs. G. C. Harris, 
 
 Committee on Printing. 
 
 Pauline E. Hopkins, chairman, Dr. 
 C. G. Steward, secretary, J. C. An 
 drews, James Anderson, Mr. George Brax- 
 ton, M. B. Brooks, John Bumgardner, Geo. 
 H. Banks, W. H. Burns, H. A. Brown, Esq., 
 Mrs. Cynthia Barnes, Eldridge Baker, Miss 
 Lilly Brown. Walden Banks, Mrs. Olivia 
 Ward Bush, J. O. Crosswhite, Bernard 
 Charles, James Canada, Mrs. Ellen M. Cot- 
 ten, L. AV. Carter, George R. Crawford, 
 F. Cooper, Bud Cummings, Eugene Clark, 
 Albert Leroy Curtis, Charles Chapman, H. 
 E. Dugan. Samuel L. Davenport, George P. 
 Dabney, Lattimore Duncan, Geo. H. Drum- 
 mond, James E. Ebron, Mrs. E. Feutado, 
 Charles P. Ford, A. Francis, Henry J. Fai 
 son, Leo Felts, E. & E. Gould, W. O. Green, 
 W. B. Gould, Jr., David M. Green, Samuel 
 M. Garrett, Samuel Griffin. Dr. John B. 
 Hall, Chas. E. Hall. Mrs. M. C. Hall, Mrs 
 M. E. Harding, Basil F. Hutchins, Mrs 
 Jesse Harrell, M. R. Jackson, Dr. T. J. 
 Jones, Mr. Johnson, Thomas D. Johnson, 
 
 Robert M. Johnson, Mrs. S. A. Jackson, 
 J. R. King, Joseph R. Kieble, William Liv 
 ingston, Robert E. Lee. B. S. Lobam, Geo. 
 C. Lewis, Robert P. Lewis, Elmond Lewis, 
 Miss Eva. Lewis, Andrew G. Lee, Samuel 
 McCoy, Charles P. Morris, Clarence Mc 
 Kay, Herbert Modest, W. T. H. Miller, 
 Lewis P. Morris, Jos. McGill, Mrs. Mary 
 Newsome, J. J. Nichols, Miss Mary Only, 
 Mrs. C. Parrish, J. Holman Pryor, William 
 Perry. Mrs. Annie Phillips, Lucy E. Pritch- 
 ard, Mrs. Mary Potter, Preston M. Pero* 
 vast, U. S. Powell, Miss Ella Randolph, 
 Mrs. William L. Reed, R. L. Ruffin. D. A. 
 Roberts, Edward Rhone, Charles Richard 
 son, Mr. Robert Ransom, Mrs. Robert Ran 
 som, Alexander Robinson, Mrs. John Smith, 
 Chas. L. Smith, Thomas Scottron, Frank 
 Smith, Miss Josephine Selden. W. H. Scott. 
 C. J. Shepard. Pearl C. Scottron, Clarence 
 J. Smith, Charles H. Scales, T. G. Schuyler, 
 Dr. Charles G. Steward, Mrs. W. M. Trot 
 ter, T. G. Tynes. John Thornton. W. H. 
 Turner, R. D. White, Miss Nellie Wilson, 
 George W. Washington, Charles Wilson, R. 
 C. Wilson, Mrs. Virginia Woods, Arthur 
 Woodest, Mrs. F. Williams, Jacob L. Whit 
 man. Mrs. Mary V. Wood, H. J. Williams, 
 Miss Mattie Wigfall. William Washington, 
 H. A. Walker, John Wilkinson. Mrs. Carrie 
 Wormley, Mrs. Maggie Williams. 
 
 Committee on Reception. 
 
 Madam M. Cravath Simpson, chairman, 
 Mrs. Charles A. King, secretary, An 
 drew Atkinson, Frederick Atkinson, J. E. 
 Anderson, John E. Ayer, Mrs. Philip All- 
 ston, Mrs. J. R. Andrews, C. H. Adams, 
 Mrs. C. II. Adams, E. J. Archer, Mrs. E. J. 
 Archer, 1*. L. Brooks, Mrs. P. L. Brooks, 
 Mrs. Cynthia Barnes, Mrs. Eliza Ben 
 jamin, W. O. Budd, Mrs. W. O. Budd, 
 Mrs. Luella Briggs, Charles H. Ball, 
 William Ball, Barry Blakeney, Mrs. 
 K. Banks. Miss R. Barbadoes, R. O. 
 Bernard, James Bonner, Mrs. James Bon- 
 ner, S. E. Bishop, Mrs. S. E. Bishop, Robert 
 T. Blackman, Mrs. H. Bishop, Joseph Bar 
 nett, Spurgeon Bell, William E. Batum, 
 Mrs. Carrie Bodene, Mrs. W. Stanley Braith- 
 waite, John Barrows, Edw. Barrows, John 
 Brooks, Samuel H. Bush, Frederick Borden, 
 W. H. Bowen, Mrs. Mary E. Bennett, Geo. 
 Benders, J. A. Bell, Mrs. Martha Bland, 
 Mrs. J. Barnett, Mrs. F. A. Barker, Dr. 
 Samuel E. Courtney, Mrs. J. Cohen, Mrs. 
 William Cromwell, R. E. Crusenberry, Mrs. 
 E. Caution, A. J. Cord, W. Chapman, Mrs. 
 George Crawford, W. H. Colley. Mrs. David 
 Crawford, Mrs. Frank R. Chisholm, Mrs. 
 John Council, Mrs. J. O. Crosswhite, Mrs. 
 Campbell, J. Chisholm, R. L. Carter, E. L 
 Davis, G. W. Dennis, John H. Dorsey, Reu* 
 ben Davis, John W. Douglass. Daniel Down 
 ing, Mrs. Delia Evans, Robert Ferguson, 
 Mrs. Robert Ferguson, Mr. Flood, Miss M. 
 
 E. Fletcher, W. C. Fessenden, Charles 
 Ford, Oscar Fitzwater, Zachariah R. Foun 
 tain, Miss Ida Gross, Mrs. Lucy Groves, 
 Mrs. George S. Glover, W. H. Gordon, E. 
 W. Goode. Jacob Green, William H. Goode, 
 C. H. Garnish, Henry Gibson, Mrs. Dora 
 Hemmings, Mrs. J. O. Henson, Mrs. Hardy, 
 
 F. C. Henderson, Frederick S. Hamilton, 
 
 G. A. Hopkins, Simon J. Hall, Jordan Hill, 
 Mrs. William Haywood, Mr. Harris, George 
 Henson, Mrs. Irene Jurix, Mrs. Jackson, 
 B. F. Jackson, Julius A. Jordan, Mrs. R. J. 
 Jones, Mrs. Rachel Jenkins, Mrs. George 
 Jackson, Col. B. J. Jackson. Mrs. N. L. 
 Johnson, Mrs. Charles A. King, Benj. F. 
 Kettler, Wesley W. Kennedy, Mrs. Sue So- 
 mas, John Long, Charles E. Legette, Mrs. 
 Lucy Lewis, Mrs. L. Lomax, J. L. Lassiter, 
 
68 
 
 ONE HIXDRKDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 Edward Lewis, Mrs. Edward Lewis, P. F 
 Marshall, G. A. J. Murray, Mrs. F. L. 
 Mid-hell. Lewis F. Middletown, Charles Mc- 
 Cree M* . and Mrs. C. B. Moore, Sol. L. 
 Martin. C. E. Martin, Chas. II. Moore, Mrs. 
 Paul Monroe. George Marshall* J. H. Me- 
 Keii/.it 1 . A. W. Nelson, Thomas Nelson. Miss 
 K. O. Neat. L. K. Pasco. J. Pinkney, Mrs. 
 J. Pinkney. Mrs. T. II. Palmer, Tiberius G. 
 Phillips. Mrs. W. L. Patrick, A. A. Port 
 look. H. A. Russell, Mrs. Cornelia Robinson, 
 George Rahn, Mrs. George Rahn, Miss Ma 
 mie Robinson, Miss Clara Robinson, Mrs 
 J. R. Ransom, Mrs. J. St. P. Ruffin. Scott 
 Robinson. Virgil Richardson, C. P. Russell, 
 William Shields, J. Ellis Shaw, Miss Min 
 nie Smith. Miss C. B. Stanford, Mrs. F. G. 
 Snelson, John Shiner, Amos Spencer, Geo 
 Simpson. Mrs. Emma A. Smith, Jas. E. Q. 
 Swan. Mrs. J. R. Stubbs, Arthur Sharp, 
 Mrs J. II. Saunders, W. A. Sears, Alice B. 
 Smith. Henry Smith, E. Saunders, Jackson 
 Stovall. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Steward. Mrs. 
 J. E. Shaw. J. E. Stephens, Frank Smith, 
 Mr. and Mrs. E. L. Smith, I. H. Scott, 
 
 Miss D. Stewart, Miss Florence Stewart. 
 Mrs. Mary E. Townes, William E. Turner, 
 W. H. Turner. E. L. Thomas, Mrs. J. C. 
 Thomas, James Tucker, Miss Bessie V. 
 Trotter, Lewis Terry, Mrs. Jennie Turner, 
 J. H. Van Cliff. Mrs. Vlck. W. II. Valem 
 tine, Louis C. Woods, Joseph W. Younger, 
 Mrs. W. Walker, Mrs. William Washington, 
 Mrs. John P. Waters. John M. Wentworth, 
 Miss Isabel Walker, C. W. Whalley, Mrs. 
 M. Wilkerson. Hall Williams, Mrs. J. W. 
 Williams. J. W. White. C. J. Wright, Mrs 
 Milton Walker. Edward Wallace, Mrs. Mar 
 garet Williams. Mrs. Rosetta Warmack, 
 Mrs. C. Willis, Mrs. A. W. Young. Mrs. Rob 
 ert Young, Mr. and Mrs. John Bankhead, 
 Mr. and Mrs. Walter Brown, Mrs. Emma 
 Butler. Geo. L. Dandridge, Miss Ella Da 
 vis. Mrs. Emma Horton, Geo. S. Hobson, 
 William E. Harvey. Mrs. C. S. Harrington, 
 Mrs. J. E. Jeffries, Mrs. M. A. Johnson, 
 R. E. Russell. Archie Shaw. II. C. Simp 
 son, Mrs. Ilattie Washington, Henry Wil 
 son. Mrs. A. Phillips. Miss C. Williamson. 
 Miss M. E. Townsend. Mrs. Mary K. R....<a. 
 
Auxiliary Church Celebrations, Sun 
 day, December 10th, 1905 
 
 Held in response to Appeal to Clergymen by Boston 
 Suffrage League Committee 
 
 The citizens celebration had no 
 sessions Sunday night, which time 
 was purposely left for each church 
 to hold a Garrison celebration of its 
 own. The part taken by the Boston 
 Suffrage league in these Sunday even 
 ing services consisted in issuing the 
 following "Appeal to the Clergymen 
 of the United States for Garrison s 
 Centenary." 
 
 "To the clergymen of New England 
 and of the United States: The un 
 dersigned, a sub-committee of the 
 Garrison Centenary committee of the 
 Suffrage League of Boston and vicin 
 ity, under whose auspices a celebra 
 tion is to be held in Boston on Decem 
 ber 10 and 11. believing William 
 Lloyd Garrison to be one of the nob 
 lest characters in our country s his 
 tory and one of its greatest benefac 
 tors, as well as one of the world s 
 greatest moral agitators, earnestly 
 petition you to take cognizance of the 
 100th birthday of this great American 
 on Sunday, Dec. 10. 
 
 "As representatives of that ele 
 ment, for whose freedom Garrison 
 gave the best efforts of his life with 
 such success, we appeal to you to 
 utilize this occasion to aror.se the 
 American people to a sense of the 
 enormity of the present evil of Ne 
 gro-American serfdom through the 
 nullification of those amendments to 
 the constitution which are the dearly 
 bought fruits of the war for freedom, 
 and to start a second Garrisonian 
 movement to abolish Negro-American 
 selfdom in this land as the first Gar 
 rison movement abolished Negro- 
 American chattel slavery in the past, 
 that it may be in very truth the land 
 of the free. " 
 (Signed) 
 
 EMORY T. MORRIS, Cambridge, 
 
 REV. WM. H. SCOTT, Woburn. 
 
 CHAS. H. HALL, Cambridge, 
 
 Committee. 
 
 This appeal was widely disseminat 
 ed and bore fruit many miles from 
 Boston. In Greater Boston it was 
 accepted and acted upon with cele 
 brations on Sunday night, Dec. 10, 
 by the Twelfth Baptist church, Charles 
 Street A. M. E.. St. Paul Baptist, 
 Morning Star Baptist, Calvary Bap 
 tist of Boston, the Union Baptist of 
 Cambridge, Centre Street Baptist of 
 Maiden, Zion Baptist of Lynn, Shiloh 
 Baptist of Everett and others. 
 Abridged accounts of such of these as 
 could be secured by the committee 
 are here given as they were auxiliary 
 to, and in that sense a part of, the 
 citizens celebration. 
 
 AT TWELFTH BAPTIST CHURCH, 
 PHILLIPS STREET, BOSTON. 
 
 A Garrison Centennial meeting, aux 
 iliary to the Citizens meeting was 
 held at the Twelfth Baptist church, on 
 Phillips street of which Rev. M. A. N. 
 Shaw is pastor, Sunday night, Dec. 10, 
 in response to the appeal of the Boston 
 Suffrage League. It was a notable 
 meeting, among the speakers being 
 Mrs. Lucia Ames Mead, Rev. <3harles 
 F. Dole, president of the Twentieth 
 Century Club, Rev. Francis G. Rich 
 ardson, registrar of the Boston Uni 
 versity School of Medicine, John R. 
 Murphy, Esq., Speaker Louis A. Froth- 
 ingham of the Massachusetts House of 
 Representatives, and Mr. William L. 
 Reed, executive messenger to the 
 governor. The musical program was 
 elaborate, consisting of an augmented 
 chorus, a quartet and solos. Mrs. 
 Ames was presented with a bouquet 
 of cut flowers by Miss Josephine Sel- 
 den of the church who made a neat 
 speech of presentation. 
 
 Rev. Shaw opened with an eloquent 
 tribute to Garrison who used to speak 
 from that same pulpit. He spoke of 
 
ONK HrNDRKDTH ANNIVKRSARV 
 
 Garrison s reliance on incessant agita 
 tion of wrongs to get rid of them. 
 
 Mrs. Ames eulogized Garrison as a 
 man of clean life and of great adher 
 ence to principle, a great moral hero. 
 She then dwelt upon the need of ap 
 plying the spirit of Garrison to the 
 reform of present day evils, especial 
 ly that of corrupt city politics, advis 
 ing all to vote for Mr. Frothingham. 
 
 Hon. John R. Murphy spoke very 
 eloquently on Mr. Garrison. He knew 
 Wendell Phillips personally and of:en 
 talked with him about the anti-slav 
 ery cause. He said that the original 
 conception of the plan to destroy slav 
 ery was Garrison s though others 
 worked in the cause. Referring to 
 the fact that slavery was abolished by 
 war he said that while he did not be 
 lieve bloodshed was always necessary 
 to reform yet it was a weak cause th?.t 
 was no* worth dying for. (Applause.) 
 
 He said that he foresaw the early 
 coming of the ideal of fraternity and 
 that it would come from espousal of 
 the ideal of Americanism under which 
 lines of race, color and creed would 
 vanish. America was made up of all 
 races, colors and creeds. 
 
 "You have done your share," said 
 the speaker, "in all the wars that have 
 saved and upbuilt and made glorious 
 the country, and shoulder to shoulder 
 with your white fellow citizens you 
 will contribute to all its victories in 
 peace." (Applause.) 
 
 Mr. William L. Reed, executive mes 
 senger to the governor referred to 
 the great meeting at the Smith Court 
 Synagogue as giving him inspiration. 
 He said he enjoyed the remarks of Mr. 
 Murphy as those of a man belonging 
 to another race that had been perse 
 cuted in this country but had forged 
 to the front. He spoice of some speak 
 er at the 20th Century club who said 
 Garrison lacked wholly commonsense 
 in his methods of trying to free the 
 slaves. Mr. Reed said that was the 
 trouble with the public today. Any 
 man who said peonage was slavery, 
 disfranchisement serfdom and who 
 censured public officials for ignoring 
 the great principle would be consid 
 ered "indiscreet." 
 
 The pastor, after remarking that 
 politics in the sense of good citizen 
 ship had a rightful place in the church. 
 a remark caused by the arrival of 
 Speaker Frothingham, introduced 
 with an extraordinary tribute Prof. 
 Frank C. Richardson, Registrar of tho 
 
 Boston University School of Medicine. 
 Prof. Richardson delivered a notable 
 address. He said in part: 
 
 Of the many lessons to be learned 
 from a contemplation of the career 
 of William Lloyd Garrison, none to 
 my mind constitute a more precious 
 heritage to your race than the self- 
 culture, independent thought and 
 steadfastness of purpose which his life 
 exemplified. 
 
 Reared in poverty, an errand boy, 
 a wood sawyer, a printer s apprentice, 
 with scarcely a common school edu 
 cation as we understand it today, by 
 his own effort he cultivated his rea 
 soning faculty, and his powers of ex 
 pression till he raised himself to 
 heights from which his voice wat> 
 heard around the world. By his inde 
 pendence of thought and steadfastness 
 of purpose he came to be a leader of 
 men the emancipator of a race and 
 swayed a nation s destiny. 
 
 Edison once said that genius was 2 
 percent genius and 98 percent hard 
 work. 
 
 So it is with our accomplishment 
 while something may be due to natural 
 ability, far more is the result of ear 
 nest effort. It is well to remember 
 that there can be no actual equality 
 among men. Every man s future de 
 pends upon himself. It is well for 
 you to remember that the equal rights 
 which William Lloyd Garrison labor 
 ed so earnestly for years to obtain 
 are the rights and opportunities equal 
 to those of every other man, to store 
 your mind with knowledge; to culti 
 vate the habit of independent thought 
 to upbuild your character to its rich 
 est, fullest fruition until you shall 
 have won the admiration and respect 
 of the world. 
 
 It has been said in criticism of yo- r 
 race that you are emotional. I would 
 not have you otherwise. He who has 
 no strength of emotion, no passion of 
 sorrow or of joy is far removed from 
 the ideal of manhood, but see to it 
 that your emotion is governed by self- 
 control; is tempered by the light of 
 reason. 
 
 It has been said of you that you are 
 merely imitative. What more, I ask, 
 could have been reasonably expected 
 of you during the past years of your 
 mental awakening? To the lasting 
 credit of your race be it said that the 
 examples you have followed have 
 more often than otherwise been of 
 the best your ideals the highest. 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 You have passed through the stage 
 of mere imitation you have learned 
 to think to reason. The time is now 
 at hand for you to originate, to create. 
 
 Whatever your walk of life it shoald 
 be your ambition and steadfast pur 
 pose to be not only the equal of others 
 but the best in your particular Held. 
 
 The women should strive for excel 
 lence in domestic arts and should cul 
 tivate those refinements for which the 
 work-a-day life of the man leaves him 
 no time, but which through woman s 
 influence rescues the world from brut- 
 ishness. 
 
 The man should enter the competi 
 tion of life with the determination to 
 do his best, but to play the game 
 square to the end, never swerving one 
 jot from the straight path of honor 
 and truth as revealed to him by the 
 light of his reason. Let him make 
 honest and fearless inquiry in all 
 things, prove all things and hold fast 
 that which is good. 
 
 "Thank God, the past is not the 
 present. For its opportunities and 
 deeds we are not responsible. It is for 
 us to discharge the high duties that 
 devolve on us, and carry our wave on 
 ward. To be no better, no greater 
 than the past, is to be little and fool 
 ish and bad; it is to misapply noble 
 means, to sacrifice glorious opportuni 
 ties for the performance of sublime 
 deeds, to become cumberers of the 
 ground." 
 
 Rev. Shaw introduced Mr. Frothing- 
 ham not as candidate for mayor but 
 as Speaker of the House. Mr. Froth- 
 ingham eulogized Garrison and pro 
 phesied the doing away with race lines 
 in the future. He declared the Color 
 ed people could now start a new era 
 with, in Massachusetts at least, the 
 best blood of the country with them. 
 
 Rev. Charles F. Dole, president of 
 the Twentieth Century Club after in 
 terjecting that he hoped Mr. Froth- 
 ingham would be elected, said the 
 question was whether from all thes? 
 Garrison celebrations over the country 
 there would be any result in the peo 
 ple living up to Garrison ideals. He 
 s^id the great question was the pro 
 portion of the beautiful qualities in 
 the Colored race, it being admitted 
 these qualities were possessed by the 
 race. 
 
 Beside the large chorus under Prof. 
 McClenny, there was a selection by 
 the Crescent Male Quartet and a solo 
 by Miss Maybelle Grant, accompanied 
 on the organ by Prof. Fred White. 
 
 The audience was an unusually large 
 one filling the galleries as well as the 
 floor. 
 
 AT CHARLES ST. A. M. E. CHURCH, 
 CHARLES ST., BOSTON. 
 
 An immense crowd, Sunday night, 
 packed the large auditorium of 
 Charles Street church and. filled the 
 galleries, the special feature of the 
 evening s service being the Garrison 
 centenary meeting, arranged in re 
 sponse to the appeal to the clery of the 
 Boston Suffrage league. Mr. Oswald 
 Garrison Villard of the New York 
 Evening Post, grandson of the great 
 emancipator, had accepted an invita 
 tion to come on from New York, and 
 attend this meeting, and Mrs. Mary 
 Church Terrell, who had electrified a 
 large audience the Fridav night be 
 fore, the greatest woman speaker of 
 her race, had been announced to 
 speak, with others, in eulogy of the 
 man whose 100th birthday the Colored 
 people of the city were celebrating. 
 The choir under the leadership of the 
 chorister, Mr. J. Sherman Jones, fur 
 nished excellent music throughout the 
 evening. The pastor, Rev. Reverdy C. 
 Ransom, in introducing as the first 
 speaker, Mr. Villard, spoke of the 
 pleasure it had given him to invite Mr. 
 Villard and of his great joy in receiv 
 ing the latter s acceptance to honor 
 the occasion by his presence. 
 
 Mr. Villard said that it had not been 
 the intention of any member of the 
 family to speak at any of the various 
 meetings held in honor of his grand 
 father, but that since the rule had 
 been violated by Mr. Francis Garrison 
 at the Joy street meeting in the after 
 noon, he felt free to express at least 
 his thanks to the Colored people of 
 Boston for the manner in which they 
 had honored his grandfather. He had 
 come with no set speech. It was dif 
 ficult, he said, to express the praise 
 that was due Mr. Garrison s great and 
 noble life without a seeming indeli 
 cacy because of the relationship. But 
 if he were here today he would say 
 not to honor him, but the noble band 
 of heroes that supported him, and not 
 :o think of the personalities, but of 
 the cause and its triumphs, and let it 
 be an inspiration. Mr. Garrison was 
 a man of peace and triumphed by 
 methods of peace and not of violence. 
 To him it was given, too. to see him 
 self the success of the cause which 
 few expected to see triumph in less 
 
ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 than a century. "Therein," continued 
 the speaker, "lies inspiration to us all, 
 to continue to fight the battle of right 
 eousness not only here, but wherever 
 human beings the world over are be 
 ing oppressed. In Garrison s spirit I 
 urge you to courage and faith as 
 you look into the future. No one ever 
 saw Garrison downcast. When he de 
 cided the anti-slavery forces should 
 organize only 15 gathered together, 
 and when he proposed that in the 
 platform of the new society should be 
 the clause calling for immediate eman 
 cipation, three of his dearest friends 
 walked o.:t. the only ones who could 
 donate a hundred dollars to the cause 
 and not be embarrassed. Yet in a few 
 years 800 societies and the national 
 anti-slavery society had been formed. 
 What a lesson for us when we look 
 into the future, when stumbling blocks 
 are put in the way of justice! There 
 was a cause which seemed hopeless 
 triumphing, which showed that Garri 
 son possessed divine forethought, and 
 that the cause had supporters. Re 
 member these things when you are 
 discouraged, and put into vour work 
 some of that indomitable spirit, some 
 of that righteousness that was Garri 
 son s." 
 
 Mr. E. E. Brown next spoke in elo 
 quent terms of eulogy of Garrison. He 
 thought no man more fitting to re 
 ceive the Negro s love and respect 
 than Garrison, the great emancipator 
 and liberator of a people, and uncom 
 promising defender of their rights, 
 from whose life should be derived the 
 lessons of fearless and dauntless cour 
 age in the face of trials and difficul 
 ties. He spoke of the great scene of 
 the broadcloth mob, and of the occa 
 sion that enlisted Wendell Phillips to 
 the cause of freedom, and lamented 
 the dearth of men of the stamp of 
 Garrison and Phillips and Andrews. 
 
 Mrs. Glendower Evans, who is an 
 agitator for clean politics, said that 
 it was a tremendous occasion to cele 
 brate the life of so great a man, and 
 regretted that though we thought of 
 the deeds of the past we did not live 
 up to them. She spoke of the cor 
 ruption in municipal politics and ex 
 horted all to help remove the evils. 
 
 The pastor introduced the next 
 speaker, Mr. M. R. DeMortie. as one 
 who had himself worked in the anti- 
 slavery cause. Mr. DeMortie began 
 his address, which was teeming with 
 interesting historical statements of 
 the anti-slavery times, by remarking 
 
 that the very choir which had ren 
 dered such beautiful music spoke 
 through and was a tribute to Mr. Gar 
 rison, because through him was made 
 possible the opportunity to sing. Mr. 
 DeMortie then told of the work of the 
 abolitionists of his own participation 
 and aroused much interest by exhibit 
 ing copies of The Liberator. His eul 
 ogy of Mr. Garrison and his coadjutors 
 was very impressive. He spoke of the 
 12 men who formed the anti-slavery 
 society in the old Baptist church 
 in Joy street, as the 12 apostles of 
 freedom; he mentioned the names of 
 the abolitionists, of Wm. C. Nell, who 
 got inspiration from Crispus Attucks 
 life, and began agitating for a monu 
 ment to Attucks, and was moved also 
 to agitate for mixed schools in Bos 
 ton. In the course of Mr. De Mortie s 
 remarks he spoke of a man present 
 who saved Phillips from the mob, and 
 when the pastor called for the man to 
 rise, Mr. T. P. Taylor arose, and re 
 ceived the plaudits of the audienca. 
 
 The last speaker was Mrs. Mary 
 Church Terrell, who stirred the audi 
 ence by her recital of the wrongs per 
 petrated on the Negroes today. She 
 painted a vivid and awful picture of 
 the chain gang, the convict lease sys 
 tem, lynch law and all the horrors of 
 southern brutality, and declared that 
 the atrocities in America went far 
 beyond the murders of the Rusisan 
 Jews, and that though maltreated, the 
 Jews social status was always supe 
 rior to that of the Negro in the United 
 States. She longed for another W. L. 
 Garrison as needed now as in the days 
 of slavery to start such an agitation 
 that would emancipate the race today 
 from its awful thraldom. Mrs. Ter 
 rell s speech was a masterly effort, 
 showing a deep acquaintance with the 
 subject, and full of long quotations 
 from Garrison s sayings and letters. 
 The audience was loud and long in 
 its applause. 
 
 With Mrs. Terrell s address, after 
 singing by the choir, the memorable 
 event came to an end. 
 
 AT. ST. PAUL BAPTIST CHURCH, 
 CAMDEN STREET. BOSTON. 
 
 In spite of the stormy weather, a 
 ereat audience assembled fti the St. 
 Paul Baptist church Sunday night Dec. 
 10th, in response to the call of the 
 Boston Suffrage league, to celebrate 
 the one hundredth birthday of that 
 matchless hero, William Lloyd Garri- 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 73 
 
 son. The speakers were most enthu- 
 siatically received. The services 
 opened at. 7.30 with a sacred solo by 
 the organist, Miss L. Hill. The pastor, 
 Dr. B. W. Farris, then arose and in 
 a brief and timely speech, introduced 
 Sergeant Horatio J. Homer, the pre 
 siding officer, who in a short address, 
 declared that Mr. Garrison had made 
 it possible for the Negro to advance so 
 rapidly in the higher civilization. He 
 then called upon the Dastor to read 
 Scripture, after which Deacon Alfred 
 Moore, who knew Mr. Garrison person 
 ally was introduced to offer prayer. 
 He then introduced Madame Nana 
 Varrs Hunter, who captured her audi 
 ence by her sweet solo. Professor 
 Homer B. Sprague of Cambridge de 
 livered a most profound address, go 
 ing back to the genesis of the Negro 
 in this country, and ending by declar 
 ing that "William Lloyd Garrison 
 was the Moses of this generation." 
 He said in part: 
 
 "Slavery was introduced into this 
 country some 286 years ago. It was 
 a great hindrance to the progress of 
 our nation. It was a great sin thai: 
 was committed by the whole country, 
 who took stock in slave trade. The; 
 nation paid for this sin dearly by the 
 sacrifice of so many precious lives and 
 the expenditure of so much money. 
 The character of Mr. Garrison com 
 pels the admiration of every true 
 American. The cause for which he 
 stood was righteous. In his great 
 speech (which he read) he said he 
 was willing to trust the work that he 
 had begun to the true North for com 
 pletion, that is the eaual rights of the 
 Negro. He was your true friend, and 
 well have you come to celebrate his 
 100th birthday." 
 
 Professor Sprague closed with the 
 following quotation from Lowell: 
 "No; true freedom is to share 
 All the chains our brothers wear, 
 And with heart and hand to be 
 Earnest to make others free. 
 They are slaves who fear to speak 
 For the fallen and the weak; 
 They are slaves who will not choose 
 Hatred, scoffing, and abuse, 
 Rather than in silence shrink 
 From the truth they needs must think. 
 They are slaves who dare not be 
 In the right with two or three!" 
 
 The next speaker was Rabbi Eich- 
 ler, who was received amid great ap 
 plause, and said: 
 
 "I consider it an honor to have the 
 opportunity of standing upon the plat 
 
 form of this old historic church or 
 ganization, upon whose platform Mr. 
 Garrison has stood in defense of your 
 liberty and the safety of the govern 
 ment years ago. 
 
 You have been emancipated, in part, 
 but you are still passing through the 
 wilderness of American prejudice; 
 you have yet to come to the posses 
 sion of the promised land. Your 
 progress in the last 40 years tells t^e 
 world that you will in time reach that 
 promised land. Yo.ir sorrows are 
 felt keenly by our race. You read the 
 daily papers and you see how my race 
 is suffering at the hand of the cruel 
 oppressor in the far off East, under 
 the Russian government. Old men, 
 young men, old women and young 
 women, children and babies, are mur 
 dered at the cruel hand of the oppres 
 sor. The work Mr. Garrison begun 
 will not be completed until you reach 
 the promised land of your equal rights, 
 for which he stood so bravely. You 
 honor a great man today; he is to this 
 race in part, what Moses was to the 
 Jew, and with you we bow in honor to 
 his memory. That God is the father 
 of us all and that God who led the Jew 
 ut of bondage into the promised 
 land, was leading the Negro. Let him 
 be a man and stand up for his rights; 
 they will come in time; Garrison has 
 made it possible." The choir then 
 sang. Seated upon the platform 
 next to Rev. Farris, were Mrs. 
 Fanny Garrison Villard and son, Mr. 
 Harold Garrison Villard, and 
 at this time the presiding officer called 
 upon Dr. Farris to introduce Mrs. Vil 
 lard, with a five minutes eulogy that 
 brought forth loud applause, the great 
 audience arose and received Mrs. Vil 
 lard amidst the most enthusiastic 
 gratefulness. After they were seated 
 and the applause had died away, she 
 delivered a 20-minute address, saying: 
 
 "Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentle 
 men: Words cannot express my joy in 
 being here tonight. When Mr. Farris. 
 your pastor, invited me in New York 
 city to be present here tonight, I ac 
 cepted the kind invitation with pleas 
 ure. So much has been said in com 
 mendation of the earnest deeds of my 
 father that I hardly know how to ex 
 press my appreciation. I was down 
 to the old Joy street meeting house 
 this afternoon, to that great meeting, 
 and my heart was filled as I listened 
 and thought of how my father spoke 
 from that platform in defense of your 
 liberty. Your pastor said in introduc- 
 
74 
 
 ONK HL NDRKDTH ANMVKRSARV 
 
 ing me that our home was always 
 filled with visitors, who were interest 
 ed in the movement of freeing your 
 race. I would often go to bed in one 
 place and wake in the morning in an 
 other place, having been moved dur 
 ing the night and my bed given to 
 strangers. My father used to sav to 
 me, Daughter, you have a nice bed 
 and lovely home and all comforts, but 
 the poor little Colored girl has no bed, 
 no com forts, no home, how happy you 
 ought to be and what a good girl you 
 ought to be! 
 
 "But mv father was not only inter 
 ested in the emancipation of your 
 race; he was also interested in the 
 women and worked hard in this direc 
 tion. In fact he was interested in 
 every good and rig t *v,eous cause; he 
 was truly an honest advocater against 
 wrong. He stood for higher life. 
 
 "Our family was happy, our home 
 pleasant, because neither my father 
 nor my mother, nor the children took 
 difficulties hard; we always rose 
 above the situation and were happy, 
 because we were working for a prin 
 ciple that would live on, though we 
 die. If my father could come back 
 here now, he would be much mortified 
 to know that those principles for 
 which he stood and suffered, and that 
 were accomplished by giving the Col 
 ored people their franchise, had been 
 rescinded and the South no longer re 
 garded your race as citizens. But let 
 us hope for a better future, and one 
 hundred years hence, I trust all 
 wrongs will have been made right and 
 your race enjoy that happy freedom 
 for which my father suffered and to 
 which cause he so earnestly save a 
 great part of his life. I thank you for 
 listening so attentively to my re 
 marks." 
 
 Other brief addresses were then de 
 livered and the program was closed 
 by a chorus, "Awake the Song." 
 
 AT MORNING STAR BAPTIST 
 CHURCH, BOSTON. 
 
 The Morning Star Baptist church 
 Garrison celebration on Sunday eve 
 ning was of especially good quality, 
 being held under the auspices of the 
 Boston Suffrage League. After 
 prayer by the pastor, Rev. Martin 
 L. Harvey, the programme opened 
 with an appropriate speech from 
 Mr. W. W. Doherty, who empha 
 sized the work of the league and said 
 it was following in the steps of Gar 
 rison, and concluded with the assur 
 
 ance that Garrison s work would live 
 on forever and that it behooved all 
 of us to emulate his example and 
 work with his spirit. Mr. H. B. Black- 
 well spoke next and said in part that 
 Garrison was the right man for the 
 right time and that his work was 
 done so truly and so well that its ef 
 fect is lasting even up to this day. 
 Miss Alice Blackwell was next intro 
 duced in place of Mrs. Julia W. Howe. 
 Her remarks were enthusiastic and 
 interesting and included many person 
 al reminiscences of Mr. Garrison with 
 whom she had a close acquaintance. 
 He had been a source of great inspir 
 ation to her, and she thoroughly be 
 lieved in his principles. S he claimed 
 that this celebration should inspire 
 all of us to work harder in the great 
 cause of human rights and that we 
 should look to Garrison for encourage 
 ment. 
 
 Mr. B. F. Trueblood referred to the ex 
 cellent work being done by the Suf 
 frage league and said that while Gar 
 rison was primarily a man of pow 
 er, yet he accomplished such a vast 
 amount of good that his name would 
 ever be connected Wi... every move 
 ment for manhood s rights. Rev. 
 Byron Gunner of Newport contri 
 bute 1 a strong and able address in 
 which he claimed that Garrison was a 
 faithful man and feared God above 
 all else: that he was true to his con 
 victions, especially to his convictions 
 of slavery s wrongs. He continued 
 that Garrison was true to the work af 
 ter he had begun it and stood by it 
 through every struggle. Mr. Gunner 
 said further that he hoped a lasting 
 inspiration by this memorial would be 
 made on the hearts of all. 
 
 Mr. Davis of Maiden concluded the 
 program with a forceful and appreci 
 ative speech. 
 
 AT 
 
 ZION BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 LYNN, MASS. 
 
 A Garrison Memorial meeting was 
 held with special exercises Sunday 
 night, Dec. 10th, 1905, at the Zion Bap 
 tist church, corner of Fayette and 
 Adams streets, Lynn, Mass. The ad 
 dress of the evening was delivered by 
 the pastor, Rev. P. Thomas Stanford, 
 D. D., M. D.. LL. D., his subject be 
 ing "The Voice of Wm. Lloyd Garri 
 son." 
 
 He said in part: 
 
 "The Suffrage League of Boston 
 has issued an appeal to the clergymen 
 
BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 
 
 75 
 
 people to unite on the 10th and llth 
 of this month, today and tomorrow, 
 and fittingly recognize the centenary 
 of William Lloyd Garrison. 
 
 "In his last days Mr. Garrison frank 
 ly ascribed all that he had been or 
 done to the training, example and in 
 fluence of his mother, whose early his 
 tory was of uncommon interest. He 
 was her second son and loved her with 
 all his soul, mind and spirit. Her ac 
 tions, words and deeds were as if with 
 in iron pen cut into his very being 
 and shaped his character. 
 
 After speaking of Garrison s con 
 version to Immediatism and of his im 
 prisonment at Baltimore, his fine hav 
 ing been paid by Arthur Tappan, Rev. 
 Stanford continued : 
 
 "July 1, 1831, Mr. Garrison issued 
 the first edition of the Liberator. He 
 had no money or friends, and he and 
 his partner, Isaac Knapp, were too 
 poor to hire an office of their own, but 
 the foreman of The Christian Exami 
 ner employed them as journeymen, 
 taking their labor as pay for the use 
 of his type. James Foster, a Colored 
 man of Philadelphia, bought the first 
 Liberator for $50. 
 
 "Laboring under such unfavorable 
 circumstances, he was not disheart 
 ened. For 35 years the brave Garrison 
 contended for the immediate enfran 
 chisement of the slave against many 
 odds, unkind treatment and imprison 
 ment. Just 35 years on the first day 
 of January, 1866, Garrison had the 
 happiness of announcing that the glo 
 rious work to which he had devoted 
 himself was finally finished. 
 
 Rev. Stanford closed with an ap 
 peal to his fellow Americans to start 
 n second Garrisonian movement to 
 abolish Negro-American serfdom. 
 
 AT CENTRE ST. BAPTIST CHURCH, 
 MALDEN, MASS. 
 
 At 7.15 p. m., December 10, 
 1905, at the Centre Street Baptist 
 church, Maiden, Mass., the ser 
 vices were opened by the choir s 
 singing "Praise God from Whom All 
 Blessings Flow." Invocation was by 
 Rev. O. F. Tate, after which E. A. 
 Washington, the chorister, led the 
 congregation .in singing "My Coun 
 try;" the pastor, Rev. J. H. Wiley, 
 then read the 60th chapter of Isaiah, 
 and Deacon M. H. Smith offered 
 prayer, and the next was singing by 
 
 the choir, one of Mr. Garrison s fa 
 vorite hymns, "Awake My Soul, 
 Stretch Every Nerve." After a 
 short speech by Deacon J. Davis, the 
 choir chanted the 23d Psalm. Then 
 Rev. Wiley arose and took for his text 
 Isaiah 61, 1st and 2d verses and from 
 this prophecy he pictured the like 
 ness of Garrison and Christ in their 
 work. Christ worked for the eman 
 cipation of man s soul; Garrison 
 worked for the emancipation of man s 
 body. Then Deacon E. Derry offered 
 prayer, and after that Deacon P. 
 Sneed took up a good celebration col 
 lection, and the congregation united 
 in singing "Blest Be the Tie That 
 Binds." At 9.30 benediction bv Fath 
 er Tate. 
 
 AT CALVARY BAPTIST CHURCH, 
 SHAWMUT AVENUE, BOSTON. 
 
 At the Calvary Baptist Church, Bos 
 ton, Sunday night, Dec. 10th, there was 
 a joint Garrison celebration by church 
 and Sunday School. Mr. L. E. Pasco, 
 church clerk, presided. Rev. S. J. Com 
 fort, the pastor, read the Boston Suf 
 frage League s Appeal and welcomed 
 the Sunday School. Mrs. Mary How 
 ard, superintendent, made the re 
 sponse. Miss Marie Johnson read a 
 poem on Garrison composed by the 
 late Elijah Smith, father of Mrs. J. M. 
 Burrell. An eloquent oration on Gar 
 rison was delivered by John M. Bur 
 rell, Esq. The choir, Prof. J. S. Pol 
 len, director, sang several hymns. Rev. 
 Taylor pronounced the benediction. 
 The meeting was enthusiastic and in 
 spiring. 
 
 AT UNION BAPTIST CHURCH, 
 MAIN ST., CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 At the Union Baptist church, Cam 
 bridge, Sunday night, Dec. 10th, the 
 Rev. Jesse Harrell, D. D., spoke on the 
 100th anniversary of Wm. Lloyd Garri 
 son. He spoke of the great and good 
 men being a gift from God. Wm. Lloyd 
 Garrison was a broad-hearted man 
 and a lover of all mankind. He made 
 a great sacrifice of his time and labor 
 ed for the freedom of the Colored 
 race. The pastor urged upon the peo 
 ple to follow his example and pre 
 cepts. He also spoke on the no-license 
 question, urged upon the people to 
 vote no. The choir rendered special 
 selections and the congregation was 
 good.