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 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 AT LOS ANGELES 
 
 ';^\\huS'^ 
 
 (
 
 EARLY MAPS OF AMERICA; 
 
 AND A NOTE ON 
 
 ROBERT DUDLEY 
 
 AND THE 
 
 ^RC^NO DEL MA-RE. 
 
 9ScaI] before ttjt ^mntcan ^nitquarfan Socirta, Gclobn* 21, 1873, 
 
 By EDWARD E. HALE. 
 
 "WOKCESTER, MASS.: 
 PRINTED BY ClIABLES HAMILTON. 
 1874.
 
 EARLY MAPS OF AMERICA 
 
 AND A NOTE ON 
 
 ROBERT DUDLEY 
 
 AND THE 
 
 ^RC^NO DEL M:A.RE. 
 
 HeaU before tlje amettcan antiquarfan Societg, ©ctobet 21, 1873, 
 
 By EDWARD E. HALE. 
 
 « J « ^ J J 7 
 
 e , o o o o 
 
 _^J_ — , 
 
 il-)-,-*-*'-) t * S-* * J 
 
 "WORCESTER, MASS.: 
 
 PRINTED BY C H A K 1, E S HAMILTON. 
 
 1874.
 
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 • • •,• 
 
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 • * A • • c
 
 
 EARLY MAPS IN MUNICH. 
 
 BY EDWARD E. HALE. 
 
 [The following Memoranda were made in Munich, June 22, 1873, — 
 after an agreeable morning in the Koyal Library. They are not of great 
 importance, — and probably not of interest even to geographers, ex- 
 cepting so far as the references to the MS. maps of Robert Dudley may 
 prove to be so. But I present them all to the Society, because they 
 may at least save some trouble to other explorers. k. e. h.] 
 
 CO 
 
 ^- 
 
 oc The earliest map which they showed me bears their nam- 
 OQ ber, 183. It is easily read, on a roller, — not in very good 
 
 preservation. No name, no date, 
 t^ At J^Q'azil (South America) is this inscription, — without 
 lo the name "Brazil," — "Ista3 terrse quae inventa sunt posi- 
 o turn est nomen Sanctje Crucis inventa est, et in ea est max- 
 ima copia ligni breselii etiam inventa cassia grossa ut braclii- 
 
 f^ um hominis. Aves Papagagi magni ut falcones et sunt 
 
 o . . 
 
 ^ rubri homines, vero ubi nullam legem tenentes se invicem 
 
 o 
 
 § comedunt." 
 
 W [The badness of the Latin is not to be charged to the copyist. 
 
 "* E. E. H.] 
 
 Z 
 Q 
 
 At the West Indies. "Omnes istse insulse ac terrse iu- 
 ventae fuerunt ab uno Genuensi Nomine Columbo, et in 
 ista insula — sunt animalia alienee natnrse — serjientes item. 
 Inveniunt aurum in multis locis omnes ist?e insuljB nomiri- 
 antur Antillia," 
 
 448001
 
 NejL'f to Anicn. "Oiniics .lamiiati ad iiiorti'in de gratia 
 esiu't-iiili ohtinent a llegc rortiiiialia' (juoil tttto tempore 
 vitjio su:i' i)()ssiiit in hue iiisulu luil)itarc moiia. Nihil iiiven- 
 itiir nisi radices Iicrl.a et * * * ciistodium dictus. Kex 
 il)idL'm cHsti'uin construxit." 
 
 T/ic Puradisus Te/'/'cutris is in Africa on this ma]). 
 
 North i>\' the Azores and west of Seothuid u[)pears a long 
 island, mari<ed Terradaiiens. The principal headlands are 
 Capo St. Paolo, Capo Sto. Sitirito. 
 
 13-1, Poorly done on paper. 12 maps of Asia, six of 
 Enro[)e. 
 
 135 is ohl vellum in color and g<dd, — '' monasterium Eene- 
 dictorum in Metten me possidet." 
 
 "MSS. mixt. 19 a." is marked inside, l)ut th(> outside as 
 above. "135 Icon. Geoii'." This is the Municli number. 
 
 No. 1. 'i'he America has Coba, Jamaica, Isabella, San 
 Juan I'orto Ivico, — l^it not Florida. 
 
 The Spanish main is marked, "Tota terra invcnta per 
 Christof. Colondx) Januensis de Re de Spanier." 
 
 Brazil (Soutli America) is marked "Tota terra vocata 
 Santas Crucis de lie de portngale." 
 
 On Xo. in. is tlic West of Europe. Just west of Val- 
 encia, al)out the wi(hh of Ireland from it — or rather more — 
 is a round island, with a crooked strait divichng it, marked 
 in i-('d, " Ja de bresile.'* 
 
 Nearly half way to Terceira from this is "Isola de Mayda." 
 
 West of the north ])art of Scotland, northwest of Brazile 
 is Fixlada, half as large as li-ehind. 
 
 On No. 1 the name Brazil does not aj)pear, at the South 
 American l»razil. There are six vellum charts in all : taking 
 in the whole w<irl(i. No scale nor latitudes.
 
 5 
 
 136. Exquisite vellum. Its No. 4 begins at the north with 
 "Terra de S. Cob: lo Steven Comes," meaning Sebastian 
 Cabot. It lias Cape Cod as "C. de St. Maria, baia de S. 
 Antonio." It has Bermuda, but wholly leaves out Brazil^ 
 in S. America. Mexico is down as TIMITISAN. The 
 Spanish main is quite accurately drawn to "P. Baya" and 
 "azecises." Then it breaks oif, and begins near Straits of 
 Magellan, at southern end, with bay of Anegada [written 
 hay\ then " tera baya." All South America is marked 
 PERY. 
 
 But this seems to have been merely a wish to draw Si^an- 
 ish America, — for No. 5 has, on the same scale, Terra de 
 Brazil and the whole coast. On both 4 and 5 Cape Cod is 
 C. de S. Maria, and both have "terra one de Scob : lo 
 Steven Comes," or perhaps "Scobito Steven Comes." 
 
 Island of Brazil as in 135. 
 
 No. 137. A beautifully illustrated atlas. Spanish, on 
 vellum. Date 1580. Not large. 
 
 I. Gives Sts. of Magelhaens from 31: South on the East 
 Coast round to the same on the West Coast. 
 
 II. Is the rest of South America. 
 
 III. Is the Gulf of Mexico, North to Cape Breton: — 
 which is spelled CABO BRETAO. It is drawn square. 
 
 IV. Is Lavrador. 
 
 The other maps are Europe and Asia, and careful astron- 
 omical tables follow. 
 
 [I made a rough tracing of the United States Coast from Cape Breton 
 to Florida. It is nearly equally divided by the Ro de Montauhos, — which 
 corresponds with the h. feruosa [formosa] of the so-called S. Cabot 
 map of 1514, and by a cape without a name, — which is the Trafal or 
 Trafalgar of the eax'ly maps, and which Mr. Kohl supposes to be 
 Hatteras.]
 
 6 
 
 The only iiainos I tlionglit of any possible value are these, 
 boj^iimiiig at Cape Breton. 
 
 [In CAliO BRETAO.] 
 
 C. lie Bivtano, Costalha. 
 
 I. de S. S. Joao. ell Caniaveral. 
 
 ttarilluiiL's. Ko. de Mourauhos. 
 
 Ho. iriaiide. Toll fas. (And, on the sea here,) 
 
 It. dulla vnoUa. baisos costa de medianos. 
 
 C. aquenislado. 
 
 [South and west of "E,o. de Muntanhus.'"] 
 
 C. della .Madsagente. R. de buenamadie. 
 
 C lie Sa. Maria. C. de Santaa. 
 
 arcapellaij^t). baia de Sa cristoval. 
 
 C dello-saiisifor. Ko. de Santia'i;o. 
 
 Ro. de hatleros. C. de lariraienas. 
 
 C. de S. J. Batiste. o. de sal joan. 
 
 [At this point is the rough cape (Trafalgar, as above) with- 
 out any name here.] 
 
 C. de Sact. Spirito. de testo. 
 
 C. dt'll prini-ipe. Ro. de Canoas. 
 
 Rio di'U principe. C. de S. Roniao. 
 
 Po baxo. R. Jordan. 
 
 Costa de Mattas. C. de St. Helena. 
 
 With this familiar name begins then- Florida and Gulf of 
 Mexico. The coast of the United States is hopelessly wrong. 
 Nothing can be identified, excepting Cape Breton, Florida, 
 anil possibly Ilatteras. Yet it must be noticed that the date 
 is 1580. 
 
 138 is four heavy volumes folio, of charts — roughly 
 
 drawn, but evidently for use — on coarse, strong drawing 
 
 ]»a]»er. 
 
 [.\n iiKpiiry made to the courteons lil)rarian, Dr. llalin, revealed the 
 interest inij fact that tliese were the original maps drawn bj' Robert Dud- 
 ley, (.son of the Earl of Leicester), who took In Italy the title of Duke 
 of Norlhinnbrrland. At the end of tlii^ pMper, I give a few notes 
 regarding liini.] 
 
 Vol. I. is Asia and Europe, and I did not look at it. 
 
 Vol. II. is Africa and America. Africa takes tlie 39 first 
 
 charts, siiid I did not look ;it it. At -iO, America Ijegins witli
 
 a map wlncli lias this endorsement : Qiiesta mezzo carte e 
 cancellata perclie e meglio fatta di nuove. It is quite 
 recent, prol)ablY about 1620. Has some Dutch names and 
 some English. I think the whole is drawn from Hendrick 
 Hudson's charts. Ko. -iO runs from E. long. 316 to E. long. 
 366, and 38 N. to 47 N., the scale being as these marks 
 show — 
 
 ^^ sTg JiiT ai8 
 
 The Islands along the coast east of Long Island are Blocx, 
 at [long E. 317] Slotj, Nassau, Texel and Ylielant, the last 
 two as one, which are Martha's Vine^^ard — C. Malabar is so 
 named. C. Cod is la Punta. The Mass. Ba}^ names are " C. 
 d' Grave, Henri Pto. di Yos. Gelos C. del porto, Costa de 
 Staten, Staten Bay," this at Plymouth, and, more inland 
 from Plymouth, "Amouchi eisi." 
 
 Maine is "Norumbega, La Nuova Francia, Prov. di Quin- 
 beguy." 
 
 "Nuova Ano;lia" is down twice. 
 
 [This correspouds with No. 2 of the Arcano, but the longitudes are a 
 little wider, and mauj' names have been added.] The engraved map may 
 be thus described : — 
 
 No. 2 in the Arcano, begins a little West of 315 and runs to E. longitude 326. 
 It begins at 37 N., but there is none of the coast until you come to 38 N. The 
 coast line runs to ^h north, but the engraving with the title America. Nova 
 Angloa goes above 47 North. The longitudes are a little narrower than the 
 manuscrijjt, the latitudes are just the same. The Islands along the coast East 
 of Long Island are Id. Adraiu Blocks. Island d. Nassau, Texel, and Vliea- 
 lance, which are both on one island. I: Cabeliano and South of Texel. I: di 
 Hendrick. Cape Malabare is so named. Cape Cod is Cape Cod, the INIassa- 
 chusetts bay names are Cape Anna, Henry's Bay, Boston. Pto. Vos. et Massa- 
 chusette Accomak, Graue Bay, New Plimouth, C: di Plimouth: Golfo, B. 
 Koock, Fuic Bay. [These changes indicate a later revision of the MS.] 
 
 Map 41 is Nova Scotia and New Foundland, — quite accu- 
 rate, and of the same scale with the other. The banks are 
 dotted. It includes the southern part of Labrador, ami 
 there is the date 1587. But the map as above is later.
 
 8 
 
 Oil the l»!iek of this is a small draft of New York Baj, 
 of wiiich I h;ive a sutlicieiitly accurate tracing. Note 
 Ilell-Gate, iSaiulj Bay, Narnticony, Pte cle Eyer, and that 
 no Dutch Bettlement is down. Also, JSfote^ C. Henlopen. 
 LoTiLT. ni5° E. is 63° W. (ahont ton sliort.) 
 
 This drawing is ]jro])ably the earliest drawing existing of 
 New York harbor, made in such detail. 
 
 The lines of coast and islands are substantially the same as 
 those in the Dutch map, of whicli there is a fac-similc in 
 O'Callaghan's New Netlierlands. The scale is twice as 
 large, inid many more names appear. 
 
 Beginning at the North the names are Mahicani, Maquani. 
 
 This I sui)po8e to be " The first of the Mohicans," 
 
 P. di Rachtcrkol, (? Hohoken.) 
 
 *R. Mau-iiitto, (the North Jtiiver.) 
 
 *I. da Hellegatte. ( 
 
 *Hellegatte, (Hell- gate). 
 
 *B. di Keer (on L. I. Sound- Northern side.) 
 
 Ilacbterkohl. 
 
 B. di Rachterkol (the bay at Bergen). 
 
 C. Codins (at the ]Vest end of L. Island.) 
 *Sande-Bay or B. d' Arena (Sandy Ilook Bay.) 
 *Sand-poynt, (Sandy Hook). 
 ♦Kondebergh hook, (Sandy Hook.) 
 Narnticony, ( S.-vjest of Sandy Hook Bay.) 
 
 R: di Sandy : Bay, (2Vie Inlet South of Sandy Hook Bay.) 
 Pt. de Eyer. 
 C. Ilenlopen. 
 
 C. Ilenlopen is but one degree South of the Point of 
 Sandy Hook, while the Northern point of New York 
 island is nearly three quarters of a degree north of it. 
 
 [I have noted with a star tlie names on the map in O'Cal- 
 laghan's New Netherlands.] 
 
 Th(^ next map is the mouth of Hudson's Bay ; large and 
 in great detail.
 
 9 
 
 "Boe.ca del gl-an Golfo de H. Hudson Inglese. Scopcrto 
 nel 1613, il 2d° viagio." It notes var. 28, 9 manstr. (aiis- 
 trale.) ; goes np to 62 N, from 52 N. on the scale of two 
 inches for one degree of latitude. 
 
 The next takes this up with Davis's Straits and just a 
 point of Greenland. 
 
 It has variations 19, 20 marked on it. 
 
 The next gives the wdiole of Hudson's Bay on the same 
 large scale. 
 
 Map 45 goes north to lat. 63, and at the north-west notes, 
 " mare operto et dove si sperava de pasagio alia Cina et all 
 India." The upper corner is lat. 63, long. 297 E. 
 
 The next is the Wesie7m coast of America, same scales, 
 drawn up to 53° N. and then dotted lines to N. E. 
 
 "La costa dell America Settentrionale incognita." 
 
 This bea;ins at lono;. 229 E. 
 
 The next is G. of Mexico with Florida, 
 
 The next is East Florida to C. S. Komain. 
 
 Questa costa della florida fu scoperto da Frances! nel 
 1564. 
 
 The next, smaller scale, from Amazon up to Labrador has 
 " La Virginia habitata d' Inglese al presente." 
 
 The next gives West of Roanoac. "Virginia I'lnghilterra 
 gia abondanata." 
 
 The spelling Roanoac and the draught show that Dudley 
 had seen DeBry. 
 
 But in New England he has "La Verginia habitata 
 d' Inglese." And at Cape Cod, very badly drawn "C. della 
 habitatione Inglese." 
 
 The next has JSTorumbega and C. Raso. 
 
 The next (46) from Florida to New England.
 
 10 
 
 " Lu VtTginiii Vecc'hia. Windandecosia" — for N. Carolina. 
 
 "L:i Verginia Nuova, possediita d' Iiiii'loso," at Cliesipioc, 
 and "La Nuova Inghiltcrra pussiduta d' Iiiglesp." 
 
 47 is Cuba. What follows, still on the same large scale, 
 are Sontli America, and the ocean even where there is no 
 land. I mean that there are whole sheets covered with lati- 
 tudes and longitudes only. 
 
 Then the maps take up the west coast, — and give Cali- 
 fornia bending far to the west. But in freqnent notes in 
 Italian, the author prides himself on not going so far as the 
 geographers. 
 
 C. di St. Trinita is at 208 East, at 25° 30' N. 
 
 B. di St. Trinita at same longitn(U! at 26° N. This map 
 then sweeps to the west, giving C. di liondio at the extreme 
 north west, in long. 255 E., lat. 30 North, and the next on 
 a very large scale. 
 
 It gives the Island of Jeddo coming east of 215° E. long., 
 the Straits of Jeddo (Le Strette di Jeso) just five degrees "of 
 longitude wide — say 225 miles in that latitude, and then 
 begins America. "II Regno di Quivira," of which the coast 
 line runs southeast 230° East. In English pencil is written 
 here, undoubtedly by Dudley liimself, "The lande of Jesso 
 uuglit to 217 degr. 45 lat." 
 
 Ifaj) 83 unites the two last. 
 
 At 45° N. 218 E. there is this allusion to the cold 
 observed by Drake: 
 
 "Quivira fu scoperto dal Drago Inglese nel 1582 fu 
 tanto freddo ncl mese d' Guignio clie no poteva conportar 
 lo poi andava a gr. 38^ et laure fu tempestabile et la nomi- 
 nava Nova Albion ma il iVcdo insopporta1)ile (hii'e. Sin a
 
 11 
 
 43 Giadi." [Drop the period at dure and this is intelligible.] 
 Under this is "Terra Freddo* die era detto Porto." 
 
 On 84, which is a line of the American Pacific Coast, is 
 this note: "Li Spanioli nel ritonare delle Filippini alia 
 niiova Spagna segiiitano fpiesta costa per beneficio delli venti 
 marestrali in la favoni, et comnna m^^ ]io t oceano in alrni 
 Inoghi si no al Capo Mendocino." 
 
 The next sajs: 
 
 "Non marivghiale" [do not marvel] "che questa mia carte 
 fa la distantia di longitiidine fra il capo di Mendocino et il 
 capo Callifornia molto pio corto delli Carte volgari che sono 
 falsissimi in questa distante per centinaria di leaghi." 
 
 This map gives R. di Todos Sanctos at 42^ 1^. Lat. ; Cape 
 Mendocino at 40; B. of N. Albion at 237 E. Long, and 38 N. 
 with the note "N. Porto bonissimo." 
 
 [Our California friends must permit me to say that Porto bonissimo 
 is a very strong phrase for the open road-stead of " SirPrancis Drake's 
 Bay" as it is now understood.] 
 
 The back of 86, a large sheet, is covered with a note 
 which includes a long copy from a Jesuit letter writer in 
 Jeddo, in the year 1621 ; letter 217 by Padre Girolano de 
 Angelis, as to a Japanese statement made to him; viz : 
 
 That from Matzuma in Japan towards the east, was 90 
 days sail, at 18 to 20 miles per day, and that from the same 
 place to the west, which they call Nixir, is 60 days sail. 
 
 [I print the notes above substantially as I made them in Munich. 
 Unfortunately for me when I visited the Library the next day to malce 
 further study of these original maps of Dudley's, I found that in honor 
 of St. Johns day, it was closed. I had to solace myself as I could, by 
 
 . *" Quivira was discovered by Drake, the Englishman, in 1582; It was so cold 
 in the month of June that he could not bear it. Then he went to 3Sj degrees, 
 and the weatlier was temperate and he called it Nova Albion. But the insup- 
 portable cold continued to 43 degrees," (that is to one coming south). In the 
 printed editions the date 1582 is corrected to 1570.
 
 12 
 
 remembering that on that day Cabot discovered North America. In 
 I.Diidon aftiTwards Mr. Major rendered mc every assi.stanee in the Britislx 
 .MuseuMi, wliere tlicy iiavc a Hue copy oi" tiie Engraved Arcane del Mare, 
 and tliore and at our Caml)ridge, I have studied the engraved maps, 
 which, .so far as the identification of tlie Californian localities goes, seem to 
 nie to deserve more interest tlian tliey liave received. It is evident that 
 Dudley lijongiit he iiad llrst rate authority. It is known that he was 
 Cavendish's brother-in-law, and it seems impossible that he should not 
 have had Cavendish's charts. Cavendish's first voyage in the South Sea 
 was in l.")87. Ills second, in which he died, was in 15'J2-3. 
 
 Tiie engraved .Vrcano omits many of the maps in the MS. The most 
 important of the large maps of Hudson's Bay are omitted. I believe 
 them to have been drawn from Hudson's owmi, because there was no 
 other antiiority possible. It seems to me that they have very high 
 authority. The date of that series is evidently after 1G20, and before 
 1G30. 
 
 I will mention here, that the map printed in fac-simile in O'Callaghan,' 
 from an old map in Albany, is the southwestern quarter of No. 2, of the 
 " Arcauo."
 
 NOTE ON ROBERT DUDLEY, 
 
 DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, 
 
 AND HIS ARCANO DEL MARE. 
 
 ■Robert Dudley, who took in Italy the title of Duke of Northuniber- 
 land, was the son of the celebrated Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, 
 by Lady Douglas Howard, the widow of Lord Sheffield. He was born 
 at Sheen in Surrey, in 1573. 
 
 Lady Donglas Sheffield and her son always claimed, and apparently 
 with good grounds, that Leicester was secretly married to her. If he 
 were, this Kobert Dudley should have inherited Leicester's titles. 
 
 But in 157G, immediately after the Countess of Essex became a widow, 
 Leicester privately married her. He abandoned and disowned Lady 
 Sheffield; and her son, Robert Dudley, was declared to be only his nat- 
 ural issue. Leicester never abandoned him however, but, under his 
 direction he was educated by Sir Edward Horsey, Governor of the Isle 
 of Wight, and when he came to the proper age, he was sent to Christ 
 College, Oxford. 
 
 At Leicester's death, in 1588, he left to this Robert Dudley, Kenilworth 
 and the lordships of Denbigh and Chick, and the bulk of his estate. 
 
 The young man's genius was adventurous, and he shared the enthu- 
 siasm of his time for maritime exploits. He married a sister of the 
 navigator, Thomas Cavendish, and in 1592 took out letters of adminis- 
 tration on Cavendish's estate. There seems to be some question whether 
 Cavendish were then dead, but he had been long absent from England. 
 
 This circumstance seems to me to give special interest to Dudley's 
 notes on the Pacific Ocean, and his maps of the California Coast, of 
 which he always speaks as if lie had authorities at first hand. Caven- 
 dish had entered the Pacific Ocean, Jan. 6, 1587, had passed along the 
 coast to Acapulco and Califurnia, and reached England by way of Cape 
 of Good Hope, Sept. 9, 1588. 
 
 This was just the time of Leicester's death, and the young Sir Robert 
 Dutliey hoped to make an expedition to the South Seas. Queen Eliza- 
 beth prevented him, and disappointed in this hope he fitted out an ex- 
 pedition at his own charge in 1594, and sailed for Trinidad and Guiana, 
 
 3 
 
 r 
 
 448001 
 
 /
 
 14 
 
 of wliich expxcdition he wrote a modest narrative, wliich is in HackUiyt, 
 p. :.14, Vol. III. He was in the river Oronoco just before Raleifih. 
 After Die death of liis llrst wife, about tlie end of EIizabelli'.s reigu, he 
 married Alice, daughter of Sir Tiiomas Leigh. 
 
 In 1005 he began a suit to prove the legitimacy of his birth, but the 
 suspicion with which he was regarded by the governiuciit, and the 
 steady opi)osilion of the Countess of Essex, his father's widow, if his 
 birth were illegitiuiate, stood in his way. At the same time he abandoned 
 liis own wife, seduced the daughter of Sir Kobert Southwell, and went 
 with her to Florence, in Italy, where he took the title of Earl of War- 
 wick. On going abroad he took a license to travel "with three ser- 
 vants, four geldings and eighty pounds in money." Travelling on the 
 continent would seem to have been cheaper than it is now. It is said 
 that Elizabeth Southwell went disguised as one of the servants. In 
 IfiO" -lames I. recalled hiui, but he refused to obey the call, and his 
 estate during his life was seized by the crown. Kenilworth was bought 
 by agreement with him. for the young Prince Henry, for £14,500, of 
 which only £;3,0U0 were ever paid to him. 
 
 He died in IC;?'.). 
 
 He was a favorite with Cosmo II., Grand Duke of Tuscany, and was 
 of great service to that country. 
 
 The creation of the present city of Leghorn, as a large and beautiful 
 conunercial mart, is due to his engineering skill and enterprise in 
 draining a vast morass between Pisa and the sea. 
 
 He improved the harbor of Leghorn, induced the Duke to proclaim 
 it a free port, and persuaded many English merchants to settle there. 
 
 The Duke of Tuscany made hiui .i Duke of the Holy Roman Empire. 
 He became chamberlain to the Grand Duchess, and he then assumed 
 his grantlfather's title of the Duke of Northuml)crland. 
 
 It is by this title that he is known in the Italian histories, and this 
 is the title given to him in his manuscript atlas in the library of Munich, 
 which these notes describe. 
 
 He was always a patron of science and literature. His most import- 
 ant work is the " Arcano del Mare," in which are engraved a part of the 
 maps in the Munich MSS. collection. The title of the tirst edition is 
 " Del Arcano del Mare di Koberto Dudleo, Duca di Nortuml)ria e Conte 
 di Warwick, lil)ri VI., Firenze, 1030, Ki, 47." It is in royal folio, 3 vols., 
 beautifully executed. This llrst edition is now very rare; a copy of it, 
 mentioned by Lowndes, sold for £30 '.)s. I found two sets in the British 
 Museum. There is one of the sauic in ])erfect order in the library 
 of Harvard College. 
 
 A part of tlie Arcano del Mare is in I he Puljlic Library of the city of 
 Worcester. 
 
 Gorton's estimate of Dudley is in these words: "Like others of his 
 lainily he was an active, clever, weli-iMConneil, but unjjrincipled n)an." 
 
 I cannot lind that Hallaui notices hiui at all. I cannot but think that
 
 15 
 
 the maps and dissertations in the Arcaiio del Mare, are of. much more 
 importance than one would infer from Gorton's remarks. If, as I be- 
 lieve, he usetl tiio oriuinal charts of Henry Hudson, the manuscript at 
 Munich gives us l)y far ihe most accurate account we have of the north- 
 ern voyajies of that discoverer. I liave already said that there is reason 
 to suspect that the maps of the Pacific Coast were drawn from the orig- 
 inal observations of Cavendish. 
 
 I have read.l)ut litlle of the text of the Arcano, but I ought to say 
 that what I have read seems to me much more judicious, and to show 
 much more real scienlilic knowledge than the average of such specula- 
 tions in those days. 
 
 The Atlas in the Arcano contains thirty-three maps of America. My 
 notes on the Munich Athis show tjiat that contains forty-six maps in 
 manuscript. After the engraved map. No. o3, the reference to Drake 
 and tlie coldness of Oregon is in the lV)ll()wing words : 
 
 " Questa Carta e 1' ultima del sesto Libro, la quale comincia co'l porto 
 di Nuova Albion di longitudine gr. 237 e latiludine gr. 38 scoperto dal 
 Drago Inglese nel 1571) in circa, come di sopra, luogo comodo per far 
 acqua, e pigliare altri rinfrescameuti. II detto Drago trovo, che 11 gentl 
 saluatichi del paese erauo molto cortesi, e amorevoli, e. la terra assai 
 ben fruttifera, e I'aria temperata. Vidde di conigli in quautita grande, 
 ma con code luughe come i topi, e di molti cavalli saluatichi, con mag- 
 gior maraviglia, atteso che gli Spaguuoli non viddero mai cavalli nell' 
 America; e la ragione perche 11 Drago cerco, e trovo detto porto, fa 
 questa, che essendo passato il capo Mendozino vero di latitudine gr. 42 
 e mezzo per far acqua, tin a gr. 43 e niez. di latitudine Tramontana egli 
 trovo la costa con tanto freddo nel mese di Giuguio che le sue genti 
 uou erano abili ii comportarlo, del che si mai'aviglio assai, essendo il 
 clima quasi pari a quelli di Toscana, e di Roma in Italia." 
 
 I annex heliotype copies of tracings from two of the maps in the Ar- 
 cano. The larger one is from the second book, at page 18. The smaller 
 is from that just named, map 33, of part 2ud, volume III., being indeed 
 the last map in the collection, and corresponding to the MS. map 84 in 
 the Munich Atlas. 
 
 It will be observed that the only name which appears on Ijoth of these 
 little fragments is that of " Puerto dell Nuova Albion, Scoperto dal 
 Drago Inglese," which on the other appears as "P. to di Nuova All)ion." 
 In both it is represented as a bay well closed by its headlands. — ami an 
 anchorage. 
 
 On both tracings another baj- of similar sliape is represented just to 
 tlie North of Drake's bay. In one this is called " Eaia S. Michele." In 
 the other it appears as " Po. di. don Gasper." It is to be observed that 
 this also, has the curious bottle shaiied look of Drake's bay, — and I 
 must be indulged the remark, that the bay of San Francisco, after 
 numerous reductions and copyings would assume much this shape in the 
 hydrography of that time. 
 
 i
 
 16 
 
 I confess that it seems to me that more than one navij?ator of those 
 times probably entered the Golden Gate into the bay of San Franeisco. 
 Each one recorded his own latitude, — and these two bays of map 83, al- 
 most identical in appearance, are due to an effort of the map maker to 
 include two incorrect latitudes, in one map. If the maker of the Arca- 
 no had made his " B. St. Michele" identical with his " I'orto di Nuova 
 Albion" there could be little doubt that it represented the present Bay 
 of San Francisco. 
 
 The full title of the first map is " Carta prima generale tV America dell' 
 India Occidentale e Mare del Zur." 
 
 The full title of the other map. No. 83, is "Carta particolare dello 
 Stretto (11 Jezo fra I'America e LTsola Jezo." For further illustration of 
 these maps, I annex the line of coast as drawn by our own geographers, 
 from Colton's Atlas. 
 
 The copy of the xVrcano in the lii)rary of Harvard College is from the 
 Collection of Ebeling. lu his own handwriting is this note on the first 
 page, after stating that he had received it from the Chamber of Com- 
 merce of Hamburg: 
 
 " Eiber longe rarissimus aeciue ac maximi pretii, panels visis, quoque 
 instructissimaj saepe caruere Bibliotheca) rublicie." Vol. I. has the date 
 lG4fi. Vol. II. and III. have the date 1047. 
 
 My authorities in the notes 1 here make of Dudley's life, beside the 
 biographical dictionaries, are : 
 
 1. " Amye Robsart and the Earl of Leicester, together with memoirs 
 and correspondence of Sir Robert Dudley. ]Jy George Adlard, London : 
 Smith, 1S70." 
 
 Mr. Adlard does not seem to have seen the Arcano. 
 
 2. " The Italian Biography of Sir Robert Dudley, Knight, known in 
 Florentine history as ' U Duca di Norlombria.'" By the Vicar of Stone- 
 ligh. 
 
 This volume seems to have been a part, of the Warwickshire Histori- 
 cal Collections. The author, whose name, at this moment, I do not 
 know, says: "The reader is to be informed that as Vicar of Stoneligh 
 the writer has a comnieuiorative duty to perform every year, which 
 necessarily brought him to the knowledge of Sir Robert Dudley's char- 
 acter." The author is convinced that Dudley was the legitimate son of 
 Leicester, and shows that Charles I. was of this opinion. He refers for 
 Sir H. Nicolas Harris Nicolas's opinion to pp. 248, 2VJ, 2r.O, 251 of the 
 Report on the Peerage Case before the Lords in 1824:. See also Dug- 
 dale's Warwickshire, p. IGG. 
 
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 ASHJ5 
 
 EIGHTIETH 
 ANNIVERSARY 
 
 OF THE BIRTH OF 
 
 EDWARD EVERETT HALE 
 
 APRIL THIRD, NINETEEN HUNDRED 
 AND TWO. BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.
 
 PROGRAMM E 
 
 Henry L. Higginson, Esq., 
 
 Chairman of the General Committee of Arrangements, will 
 take the chair at eight o'clock. 
 
 XTbe ®nc 1bun^rc^ a^^ ififttetb psalm, char Framk 
 
 The Cecilia Society. 
 Mr. ];. J. Lang, Conductor. 
 
 Hallelujah, praise ye the Lord. 
 
 Praise God in His temple. 
 
 Praise ye the Lord in the firmament of His power. 
 
 Praise ye Him for His mighty acts. 
 
 Praise ve Him according to His majesty. 
 
 Praise ye Him with the sound of the trumpet. 
 
 Praise ye Him with the psaltery and harp. 
 
 Praise ye Him with the timbrel. 
 
 Praise ye Him with the dance. 
 
 Praise Him with the organ and stringed instruments. 
 
 Praise ye Him upon the loud cymbals. 
 
 Praise ye Him upon the high sounding cymbals. 
 
 Let everything that hath breath praise the Lord. 
 
 Praise ye the Lord. 
 
 Sentences (to be read responsively, all standing) 
 
 Let us now praise famous men^ men renowned for their 
 power^ giving counsel by their understanding and declaring 
 prophecies. 
 
 Leaders of the people by their counsel and by their 
 knowledge of learning meet for the people, wise and elo- 
 quent in their instructions. 
 
 Their seed shall continually remain a good inheritance^ and 
 their children are within the covenant. The people will tell 
 of their wisdom^ and the congregation will show forth their 
 praise.
 
 He that giveth his tnind .to the law of the Most High 
 and is occupied in the meditation thereof will seek out the 
 wisdom of the ancients and be occupied in prophecies. 
 
 He will keep the sayings of renowned men^ and where 
 subtile parables are he will be there also. He will seek out 
 the secrets of grave sentences and be conversant in dark 
 parables. 
 
 He shall show forth that which he hath learned and 
 shall glorv in the law of the covenant of the Lord. 
 
 Lord^ who shall abide in Thy tabernacle^ who shall dwell 
 in Thy holy hill? He that walketh uprightly and worketh 
 righteousness and speaketh the truth in his heart. 
 
 He shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of water, 
 that bringeth forth his fruit in his season. His leaf also 
 shall not wither, and whatsoever he doeth shall prosper. 
 
 Happy is the man that findeth wisdom and the man that 
 getteth understandings for the merchandise of it is better than 
 the merchandise of silver and the gain thereof than fine gold. 
 
 Length of days is in her right hand, in her left hand 
 riches and honor. Her ways are ways ot pleasantness and 
 all her paths are peace. 
 
 The fear of the Lord maketh a merry hearty and giveth 
 joXy and gladness s and a long life. 
 
 The root of wisdom is to fear the Lord, and the 
 branches thereof are long life. 
 
 Sweet language will multiply friends : and a fair-speaking 
 tongue will increase kind greetings. 
 
 A faithful friend is a strong defence : and they that 
 fear the Lord shall find him. 
 
 Be willing to hear every godly discourse ; and let not the 
 parables of understanding escape thee.
 
 And if thou seest a man of understanding, get thee 
 betimes unto him, and let thy foot wear the steps ot his 
 door. 
 
 For honorable age is not that which standeth in length of 
 time, nor that is measured by number of years. 
 
 But wisdom is the gray hair unto men, and an un- 
 spotted life is old age. 
 
 The mouth of the righteous speaketh wisdom^ and his tongue 
 talketh judgment. The law of the Lord is in his heart. None 
 of his steps shall slide. 
 
 They that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the 
 .firmament, and they that turn many to righteousness as the 
 stars forever and ever. 
 
 BUtbCnU "Send out Thy Light" . . . Gounod 
 
 Send out thy light and thy truth, let them lead me, and let them 
 bring me to thy holy hill. 
 
 The Cecilia Society. 
 
 Bbbrc60 of (Brcctino a^^ Congratulation. 
 
 Honorable George Frisbie Hoar. 
 
 Salanialcilunn . Comdim 
 
 The Cecilia Society. 
 (Baritone Solo . . Mr. Stephen Townsend.) 
 
 " Hail to this mansion to which you came, 
 And may your shadow be ever the same, 
 Live till your thousandth year in fame, 
 Salamaleikum ! " 
 
 IRcsponee. 
 
 Dr. Hale.
 
 All are invited to rise and sing together the following verses, 
 taken from the version ot the Seventy-eighth Fsalni 
 which has been familiar in the-New luigland churches 
 for six generations: 
 
 Ib^^inn. St. Martin's. 
 
 
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 Let children hear the mighty deeds 
 Which God performed of old, 
 
 Which in our younger years we saw. 
 And which our fathers told. 
 
 lie bids us make his glories known, 
 His works of power and grace ; 
 
 And we'll convey his wonders down 
 Through every rising race. 
 
 Our lips shall tell them to our sons. 
 
 And they again to theirs, 
 That generations yet unborn 
 
 May teach them to their heirs. 
 
 Thus shall they learn in Cjod alone 
 Their hope securely stands. 
 
 That they may ne'er forget his works. 
 But practise his commands. 
 
 (Mr. B. T,. Whkli'ley, Organist.) 
 
 All are requested to remain standing while the Blessing of 
 God is invoked by Dr. Hale.
 
 " There abides 
 In his allotted home a genuine priest, 
 The shepherd of his flock, — or, as a king 
 Is styled, when most affectionately praised, 
 The father of his people. Such is he ; 
 And rich and poor, and young and old, rejoice 
 Under his spiritual sway. He hath vouchsafed 
 To me some portion of a kind regard, 
 And something also of his inner mind 
 Hath he imparted; but I speak of him 
 As he is known to all." 
 
 Wordsworth, " Excursion," Book V.
 
 'JNIVtX- ' liTj- 
 
 OR
 
 DR. EDWARD EVERETT HALE. 
 
 TT had been expected that Dr. Edward 
 Everett Hale would write for this maga- 
 zine a prefatory note on the centenary of the 
 birth of Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, to ac- 
 company what we are printing, for the sec- 
 ond time, from Dr. Hale's pen, written at 
 the time of the death of his friend and fel- 
 low-townsman nearly fifteen years ago. As 
 the Holmes centenary is approaching (Dr. 
 Holmes was born August 29, 1809) there 
 seemed to us nothing more fitting than to 
 print once more a part at least of the ad- 
 mirable sketch of Dr. Holmes' career writ- 
 ten for us by Dr. Hale and published in this 
 Review in November, 1894. 
 
 Dr. Holmes attained the age of eighty- 
 five. Dr. Hale, wiio was thirteen years 
 younger, was born April 3, 1822, and was, 
 therefore, past the age of eighty-seven when 
 he died on June 10, in his old home at Rox- 
 bury, which is now part of Boston. For six 
 years past Dr. Hale had been chaplain of 
 the United States Senate, and he was a not- 
 able figure, through these last years of his 
 life, at the nation's capital. His patriotism 
 was so lofty, his faith in the whole country 
 and its future so strong, that it was pleasant 
 for his friends to see him in his octogenarian 
 years honored among the country's leaders 
 and making every circle that he entered bet- 
 ter and happier for his presence. 
 
 Although his name has so long been asso- 
 ciated with those of the great men of letters 
 and of reform movements of the New Eng- 
 land school, — Emerson, Low^ell, Holmes, 
 Longfellow, Whittier, and a dozen others, — 
 Dr. Hale was a more truly national per- 
 sonage, in his knowledge and sympathies, 
 than were any of tbe other New England 
 thinkers and leader's. His early training 
 under his father in the office of the Boston 
 Daily Advertiser was broadening, and he was 
 out in the world and mingling with men at 
 a very early age, graduating from Harvard 
 College while only seventeen. (He was just 
 about to observe the seventieth anniversary of 
 his graduation in the Class of 1839.) 
 
 After leaving college he got son . valiiaV.' 
 experience as a reporter and correspo. 
 at Washington. At the approa 
 eightieth birthday shortly after 
 ment from his pastorate in Bosti 
 vear before he was made chapla... „. 
 
 Senate, Dr. Hale visited Washington and 
 was invited to luncheon at the White House. 
 He had not been in that historic building for 
 perhaps a year or two ; and while waiting for 
 the President to appear he entertained the 
 present writer with some of those delightful 
 recollections which made his conversation 
 always charming and noteworthy. He spoke 
 of Washington as it was in 1840. He had 
 been interested in the political campaign of 
 that year, which resulted in the election of 
 Harrison and Tyler. 
 
 Happening to lift his eyes, in the room 
 where he was waiting, to the portraits of 
 President Tyler and Mrs. Tyler, he recalled 
 the time when it was his custom to drop in 
 very often in the afternoon to have a cup of 
 tea with the lady of the White House. This 
 was in 1841, Harrison having died a few 
 weeks after his inauguration in March of 
 that year. Dr. Hale's picture of the pleas- 
 ant simplicity of life at the White House 
 when he was a Washington correspondent, 
 sixty-eight years ago, was as detailed and 
 vivid as if he were portraying something that 
 had happened the day before. 
 
 But this was not the end of Dr. Hale's 
 reminiscences of Mrs. Tyler, apropos of the 
 portrait hanging on the wall before him. 
 Twenty years later, In 1 861, he was attached 
 to the personal staff of Gen. Benjamin F. 
 Butler, of Massachusetts, in the capacity of 
 secretary, and had charge of General But- 
 ler's correspondence. General Butler • was 
 on the James River in Virginia. One day 
 he received a letter from an irate lady com- 
 plaining that the Federal troops were milking 
 the cows on her plantation. The lady proved 
 to be Mrs. Tyler, widow of the former 
 President, who had been kind to the youth- 
 ful Hale at Washington in the early forties. 
 Of course. Dr. Hale was glad to follow Gen- 
 eral Butler's instructions, and not only to 
 express regret, but to give Mrs. Tyle^ every 
 assurance that her plantation should be un- 
 molested. Here was a man who was doing 
 good work as a newspaper writer and cor- 
 
 1 in our 
 \ uiic . that he 
 
 ' had at- 
 
 'n: c'jie'.ia.: . ct th>: Inetieth
 
 I'l.otoer.iph by Havis A Eickemeyei. N. V. 
 
 DR. EDWARD F.VFRETT HALE. 
 
 , MP. \p''il ;v iSjj; (lied. June lo, 1909.)
 
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 73 Bisselius, Joa., S. J. Argonauticon Americanorum, s. historiae periculorum Petri de Victoria, 
 ac sociorum ejus II. XV. Miinchen 1647. 16 mo. With nice frontisp. (by Kilian) -^-j «■ 
 and a full-page map of America. Old vellum. 48. — ^ / 
 
 I'alau I. 230. Icrnaux, Nr. 661. Not in Sabin. 
 
 Bisselius liad added a long, and learned commentary to his translation of the Jesuit -f ^T ^ 17 
 Pedro Govea de Victoria travels. These very interesting relations concern especially C c n- ■-^ // 1^ 
 
 tral and South America, Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, Chile, Peru, Brazil etc., 
 and give full particulars of the customs of tlie natives, geogr. situation, cities etc. and the stories of 
 the aiscoveries by Columbus, Almagro, Vespucci, the enterprises of the W e 1 s e r s etc., 
 partly from earlier sources. Cood copy. Name on title. 
 
 74 Franck, S. Weltbuch : spiegel u. bildtniss des gantzen erdbodens . . . nemlich in Asiam, Aphri- 
 cam, Europam u. Americam. Auch alter darin bcgriffner Lander eygenschafft, u. d. einwoner 
 namen, gestalt, leben, wesen, relif^ion, glauben, . . . auch etwas von new gefunde- 
 nen Welten u. Inseln. Tubingen, Morhard, 1534. Fol. 250 11. Vellum. 75. — 
 
 Harrisse 1. 197. Steiff, p. 195, 160: ,,Die Editio princcps dcr bekannten Kosmographie 
 Seb. Francks der ersten, wclche iiberhaupt in deutscher Sprachc geschrieben worden." On leaf 
 210 vo: ,,A m c r i c a das vierdt Buch diser Geographey". Cont. on 11. 210 vo. until 237 ro the disco- 
 veries made by P. Aliaris, Chr. Columbus, Vespucci, Cortez, J. and L. Vartomannus, etc. 
 
 Fine copy. 
 
 75 (Grynaeus, S. and J. Huttichius). Novus orbis regionum ac insularum veteribus incognitarum, 
 una c. tabula cosmographica. Basle, Joh. Hervagius, 1555. Fol. Original binding of wooden 
 boards, cov. w. calf and richly decorated w. roll-produced borders of biblical scenes sign. 
 H. B. 1559 (cf. Haebler I. 39, 1); with title: Novus orbis and date: 1559;2 clasps. 120.— 
 
 Harrisse, p. 230, 236, 296. Rare edition of tliis most interesting collection of voyages and 
 discoveries in the New World enlarged by the relation of F e r d. Cortez "De insulis novitcr 
 inventis" and some other relations. Witliout the map of the world wliich is wanting as in most copies. 
 
 Round loith: Herold, B. J. Originum ac germanicarum uiitiquitatum libri, leges videlicet 
 Salicae, Allemannorum, Saxonum, Angliorum, etc. Basel, Henricpetri, 1557. 
 
 Exceptionally fine copy in a very interesting contemporary binding of best 
 preservation. 
 
 76 Lerius, J. Historia navigationis in Brasiliam quae et America dicitur, qua describitur autoris 
 navigatio, Villagagnonis in America gesta, Brasiliensium victus et mores. Ed. II. Genf, Vignon, 
 1 594. 8vo. W. 7full-pagewoodcutsandafoldedplaterepres. thebattle 
 between the Tououquinambaults and Margaiats. Contemp. calf. 48.— 
 
 Brunei III. 1004. Rare second Latin edition of the famous travel of Lery with 
 the report of the exiled French calvinists under V i 1 1 a g a g n o n. Contains important details on 
 manners and customs of the inhabitants. 
 
 Fine copy with the very rare woodcut-plate. The binding and the first and last 11. si. 
 dam. by worms. 
 
 77 Mallat, J. Les Philippines. Histoire, geographie, moeurs, agriculture, Industrie et commerce. 
 
 2 vol. de texte et Atlas. Paris 1846. in-8. et in-fol. A v. 1 carte pli^e, 2 tables et 
 
 10 pi., dont 5 en chromolith., repres. des types indigenes. Toile. 48.— 
 
 Brunei VI. 28. 224. Pardo de Tavera, Bibl. Filip., p. 243, 1591. Ouvrage rare et important 
 pour I'ethnographie des lies Philippines. L'auteur entrcprit 3 voyages pour les Philippines dont le 
 premier cut lieu en 1838. Unc pi. oe I'atlas contient une chanson Philippine, suivie de la musique. — 
 Qq. rouss. et taches d'eau insignif. par endroits. 
 
 78 Medina, P. L'Arte del navegar, in la qual si contengono le regole, dechiara- 
 tioni, secreti, & avisi, alia bona navegation necessarii. Trad, de lingua Spagn. 
 in volgar Italiano (by V. Paletino de Corzula). Venice 1554. 4 to. 
 W. large woodcut on title, many fine woodcut diagrams 
 & initials and a large map of the world. Old limp vellum. 300. — 
 
 Palau V, 121. The first Italian edition. A most remarkable book on account of the full- 
 page map, the left half of which shows the New World (Florida, Newfoundland, 
 Labrador, Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Yucatan, etc.) 
 
 The map is interesting on account of the exact delineation of the Isthmus of Panama, 
 its original is one of the few maps printed in the Pyrenean Peninsula, before 1560. 
 
 Only three Spanish maps of that period were known to Nordenskiold, including 
 this. "This seems to be almost the whole contribution during the earliest period of printed 
 cartographical literature from the countries, from which the New World and the South East 
 passage to India were discovered, and from which hundreds of the most important voyages . 
 of discovery started during that period" (Nordenskiold, F a c s. Atlas). 
 
 Fine copy. On the title and last leaf a stamp has been removed. 
 
 See Reproduction, page 16.
 
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