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 ■V>* •■;
 
 THE 
 
 DESCRIPTION 
 
 op 
 
 CORSICA, 
 
 WITH AN 
 
 ACCOUNT OF ITS UNION 
 
 TO THE 
 
 CROWN OF GREAT BRITAIN. 
 
 INCLUDING THE 
 
 ■ LIFE OF GENERAL PAOLI, 
 
 AND 
 
 THE MEMORIAL 
 
 PREiENTEB TO THE 
 
 NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF FRANCE^ 
 
 UPON THE 
 
 FORESTS IN THAT ISLAND. 
 
 WITH 
 
 A PLAN IIIGHLT BENEFICIAL TO BOTH STATES, 
 ILLUSTRATED.WITH A MAP OF CORSICA. 
 
 DEDICATED TO HIS MAJESTY. 
 
 B.r FREDERICK, 
 
 SON OF THE LATE THEODORE, KING OF CORSICA. 
 
 LONDON: 
 yiiiNTED ro» c. c. .A.vD 1. n.iBiNso;., PATE3-:;osT£K-Raw?i 
 
 ^"9;-
 
 To the K I N G, 
 
 Jl E R MIT me to lay before your 
 Majejiy the Defcription of Corftca^ a 
 Kmgdom to which the late King The- 
 odore had the bejl of rights by the 
 unfolicited invitatio?2^ and voluntaiy 
 fiibjnijfon of the People^ his falutary 
 lawsy and the manner .^ truly pater?tal^ 
 he governed them. But his virtues 
 found a flrong adverfary i7t the times. 
 Several Sovereigns leagued againfl 
 htm^ and a difgraceful dungeon^ in 
 ^his very Metropolis^ was his reward. 
 
 May 
 
 2GG3122
 
 Maj your Majejiys reign over thi 
 Corjicans he 'permanent ^ and peace-^ 
 able^ and may the Britijlo Flag ride 
 for ever trizimpha?it in thofe Seas bv 
 this new. acquijiiion. Thefe were the 
 views of that facrifced Monarch. 
 Thefe are the wipes of him^ who is^ 
 with the greateji veneratioit^ 
 
 your Majejiys 
 
 mojl ohedie7tt 
 
 mofl devoted^ and 
 
 mofi humble ferva7tty 
 
 FREDERICK, 
 
 SON OF THE LATE THEODORE, KING OF CORSICA,
 
 DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF 
 
 CO R S I C 
 
 HEiTLofl confidcrable Iflands in the Me- 
 diterranean are, Sicily, Sardinia, and Corfica. 
 They make part of Italy, and have always 
 been deemed its ramparts; their natural 
 language is the Italian ; they profefs the 
 Catholic religion, and acknowledge the fu-- 
 premacy of the Pope; but, being governed by 
 different fovereigns they differ from each 
 other in their cuftoms and laws. 
 
 Sicily holds the firft rank, Sardinia the 
 fecond, and Corfica the third. 
 
 Sicily was called by the Greeks Trinacria 
 
 on account of its triangular form. This 
 
 B ifland
 
 [ 2 ] 
 
 ifland is feparated from the kingdom of 
 Naples, towards Abruzzo^ by a fhort ilrait, 
 which is called // Faro di Mejjina, Its 
 .paflage is dangerous on account of Scylla 
 and Charybdis ; the one being a rock under 
 water and the other a whirling abforbing 
 vortex. 
 
 This ifland is two hundred miles long and' 
 .upwards, from the Faro to Capo Boco, and 
 one hundred and fifty-eight miles broad, 
 from Fwita di Melazzo to Capo Paff'aro, 
 It is immenfely rich in antiques, monuments, 
 and curiofities both of art and nature. 
 
 There is a burning mountain, which the 
 ancients called iEtna, conftantly vomiting 
 forth bituminous fubftance. It is, however, 
 very fmgular, that its environs fhould be 
 fmiling in verdure, and be very fertile, 
 
 Sicily, before its being fubdued by the 
 Romans, was the nurfery of arts, belles 
 lettres, fcicnces, poets, hiftorians, generals, 
 and tyrants. The greateft, and moft cruel 
 
 of
 
 r " 1 
 
 of thofe tyrants, were Agathocles, Plialaris, 
 and the two Dionifij, father and fon ; of 
 whom Plutarch amply fpeaks in the lives of 
 Dion and Timoleon. Its principal cities 
 are, Palermo, Meffina, Catania, Agrigento, 
 and Syracufe. Palermo is the capital, and 
 the refidence of the Vice-roy. The nobility 
 is ancient and numerous. There are two 
 univerfities, Palermo and Catania; three 
 archbifhopricks, and: nine bifhopricks. 
 
 The foil is fo fertile in oil, wine, grains, 
 and fruits, that it was called the granary of 
 Rome. 
 
 Its air is pure and falubrious ; the inhabi- 
 tants are very fober and long lived ; they 
 are computed to amount to one million and 
 three hundred thoufand. It abounds in 
 cattle and game, and the fea around it is full 
 of all forts of iifh ; the ports and havens are 
 very commodious, and trade and commerce 
 in a very flourifhing ftate. 
 
 B 2 Sardinia
 
 t 4 1 
 
 Sardinia was called by the ancientS 
 Ichmifa^ or Sandalims^ on account of its 
 figure, which refembles the impreffion of a 
 tnan's foot. It is faid that Sardus, fon of the 
 Lybian Hercules, brought a colony to this 
 ifland, and that he gave it the name by 
 which it is now known. Sardina is one hun- 
 dred and fifty miles in length, and ninety in 
 breadth ; there is one archbifhoprick, and 
 feven bifhopricks ; it abounds in wine, 
 oil, grains, orange, citron trees, and other 
 delicious fruits ; it has alfo plenty of cattle 
 and game ; there are fome mines of gold, 
 filver, lead, and copper j its fea is full of fifh ; 
 the principal and mod lucrative fifhery is that 
 of the Coral. The air, however, is unhealthy, 
 which is one reafon why it is not well peo- 
 pled, its inhabitants amounting only to four 
 hundred and twenty thoufand. Cagliari i$ 
 its capital. 
 
 "There grows an herb in this ifland of a 
 very fmgular nature. This herb refembles 
 the Melijfa^ and is faid to have this extraor- 
 dinary
 
 C 5 ] 
 
 dlnaiy quality, that whoever fwallows the 
 fmalleft quantity of, it is immediately de- 
 prived of his fenfes, and feized with a con- 
 tinual fit of laughter. It is a convulfion. 
 The Romans called it Rijus Sardonicus^ Sar- 
 donic Laughter; and if proper remedies 
 are not applied in time, the patient will in- 
 evitably die laughing. 
 
 Corfica is about one hundred and fifty 
 miles in length, fifty in breadth, and three 
 hundred and twenty in circumference; its 
 inhabitants amount to about one hundred 
 and twenty thoufand; it was called by the 
 Greeks Cyrnos^ Therapne or Corfis, and by 
 the Romans Corfica; it extends in length be- 
 tween the forty-firft and forty-third degrees 
 of north latitude, and in breadth from 
 twenty-fix degrees ten minutes to twenty- 
 feven degrees fifteen minutes eaft longitude. 
 
 It has the republic of Genoa to the north, 
 the ecclefiaftical patrimony to the eaft, the 
 ifland of Sardinia (from which it is feparated 
 by a ftrait of nine miles broad) to the fouth, 
 j\ud the fea of Provence to the wefl. 
 
 Bs It
 
 [ 6 ] 
 
 It is divided in two parts ; namely Banda 
 di dentro and Banda di fuoriy or • di qua 
 dai monti and di la dai monti. Baflia is the 
 capital of that part called di qua dai montiy 
 this fide of the mountains ; and Ajaccio of 
 that part called di Id dai montiy beyond the 
 mountains. 
 
 Thefe divifions are again fubdivided into 
 jurifdidions ; thefe into pieves, or parifhes, 
 and the latter into villages. 
 
 The country is mountainous and rocky, 
 the climate temperate, the foil fertile, but 
 the air is reitiarkably unhealthy. 
 
 It contains immenfe forefts of trees of dif- 
 ferent kinds J fuch as oaks, holmy oaks, pines, 
 firs, corks, beeches, afhes, chefnuts, wal- 
 nuts, figs, oranges, citrons, and many others. 
 
 It is from Corfican oaks that the Genoefe 
 iifed to build their fhips, and tliofe which 
 they difpofed of to other European powers. 
 Many of the French Ihips of war were built 
 at Genoa v/ith Corfican timber. 
 
 It?
 
 [ 7 ] 
 
 Its produ£llons confift in wine, oil, corn, 
 legumes, wax, honey, and various fruits of 
 the delicious kind. 
 
 Corfican honey is not fo fweet as that 
 which is made in other countries ; it is 
 bitterifh, or tartifh, termed in Italian agro 
 dolce. The reafon of its bittern efs is, be- 
 caufe the bees feed upon the flowers of box- 
 wood, with which this ifland abounds. The 
 natives think that this honey contributes 
 to longevity ; they therefore eat of it fre- 
 quently, and in large quantities. 
 
 In this ifland there is a vaft number of 
 mulberry-trees, the leaves of which, when 
 tender, ferve as food to filk worms. This 
 wonderful infedt is like a caterpillar, under- 
 goes four changes, and at lafl; comes out of 
 the cod like a butterfly, with four wings and 
 feveral feet. Its original is from China, the 
 befl: ordered, the befl; cultivated, the mofl: 
 fertile, and the mofl: abundant part of the 
 known world. That country fupplies Eu- 
 rope with many delicious things, which na- 
 ture has denied to this hemifphere. It 
 B 4 is
 
 [ 8 I 
 
 IS much to be lamented, that it§ political 
 fyftem has not yet reached this part of thq 
 globe; for there is great reafon to believQ 
 that it is more fdlid and rational than any 
 other in Europe, as it has fubfifted in its 
 original purity more than four thoufand 
 years fmce its firil inftitution, without hav-. 
 ing undergone the leaft alteration in any 
 of its laws, manners, language, or event 
 mode of clothing, a ftrong proof of its per- 
 fedion ; which is ftill farther confirmed by 
 the behaviour of the Tartars Mancheux, 
 who, after having conquered that vaft em-^ 
 pire in the year 1 644, fubmitted themfelves 
 to the laws, cuftoms, and religion of the 
 people they had fubdued, It were to be 
 wiihed, therefore-, that wc had an ample 
 and perfed: account of the Chinefe legifla- 
 ture; of 'which to this day, we have fome 
 fragments only j for furely nothing can be 
 more ufeful, and even more neceflary, to a 
 Printe, than a full knowledge of the laws of 
 foreign countries, whith would enable him 
 to difcern what was good or bad in each, 
 and teach hi.l how to prevent or reform the 
 
 abufes
 
 [ 9 J 
 
 abufes which might creep into the po- 
 lice, the judicature, the adminiftration of 
 finances, the miUtary difcipHne, and all the 
 other parts of his own government. To re- 
 turn to the point : The infe6l in queftion 
 pafTed from China into Perfia and from 
 thence into Europe. It is from Coriican filk 
 that the Genoefe fabricate the greateft part 
 of their damafks and velvets. The French 
 alfo ufe a great quantity in their manufac- 
 tures at Lyons. 
 
 This ifland has many rivers. The moft 
 confiderable are the Guelo and the Tavignano. 
 It is watered befides by a number of fprings 
 and rivulets, that give it a pleafing verdure, 
 ^nd make it vei*y agreeable to the eye. Its 
 waters are very clear, light, uncommonly 
 wholefome, and grateful to the palate. 
 
 There is a lake called 11 Jiagno di Diana ; 
 in which the fait is found without any pro- 
 cefs, merely by the heat of the fun ; and in 
 the jurifdidion of Vico there are mineral 
 waters. 1^ 
 
 On
 
 [ 10 ] 
 
 On mount Gradaccio there are two lakes, 
 called Creno and Ino^ at fome diftance from 
 each other. The waters of the firft are foapy, 
 and fo hot, that, upon throwing a dog, 
 or cat, or any other fmall animal, into them, 
 and letting it remain fome time, the fleih 
 comes off the bones, and leaves only a 
 fkeleton. 
 
 The water of the fecond is fo cold, that if 
 a bottle of red wine be immerfed in it, for a 
 fev/ minutes, the liquor lofes its colour, as 
 well as its tafte, and affumes the qualities of 
 the water. 
 
 Towards the middle of the ifland is a 
 rivulet, called Rejionica^ a pretended corrup- 
 tion of the Latin words, res unica. Its waters 
 have indeed a very remarkable quality : If a 
 piece of wood be left in it for a few hours, it 
 becomes quite white. The ruftiefl iron, under 
 the fame circumftances, will foon appear as 
 if it w^ere filvered. Its w^aters are very 
 wholefome; the natives find it as a fpecific 
 for the dropfy 
 
 There
 
 [ " ] 
 
 There are mines of iron, lead, copper, 
 and filver ; quarries of marble of different 
 colours ; falines, and beds of faltpetre. 
 
 On fome mountains is found a kind of 
 rock-cryftal, which is very tranfparent, and 
 fo hard, that it will llrike fire againft Heel. 
 The Corficans generally ufe it as flints to their 
 fire arms. It is very remarkable, that every 
 piece of this cryftal has naturally five fides, 
 as if it had been regularly cut by a lapidary. 
 
 The land is ploughed by oxen ; thefe arc 
 fmall, and not in great number. The Cor- 
 ficans make no other ufe of them than that 
 juft mentioned, as they feldom eat beef, 
 preferring mutton or goat's flefh to it. 
 
 Almoft all the mountains, excepting fome 
 of the higheft, which are rocks buried in 
 fnow, are covered with a light fandy earthy 
 which is abundantly fertile when cultivated. 
 
 Between thefe mountains are fituatcd the 
 jnoft pleafing valleys, which might be ren- 
 dered
 
 / 
 
 [ 12 ] 
 
 dered by cultivation extremely fruitful, 
 jnoft of them being watered by rivers or 
 fmaller ftreams, whofe courfe might be eafily 
 diverted, as all thefe valleys have declivities, 
 along which fcrpentine brooks might con^^^^ 
 vey the winding waters at pleafure. 
 
 The pafturage Is rich, and in great plenty, 
 affording fubfiflence to numbers of cattle, 
 and particularly to flieep. Thefe are almoft 
 ^1 black, their wool, however, is very fine. 
 
 Their flocks are never houfed, but are 
 kept on the mountains, where they find 
 fufficient pafture from the beginning of May 
 to the month of Odober, At the approach 
 of winter they are driven into the valleys, 
 where it never fnows, and where they 
 iind alfo fufficient fuftenance, particularly 
 in the declivities of the mountains bordering 
 on the fea. The fliepherds build therti- 
 ft'ves occafional huts with the branches 
 of trees, which they cover with ftraw, and 
 in which they refjde with their wives and 
 children. They fubfift chiefly on milk diet, 
 
 are
 
 [ 13 ] 
 
 are emigrants that have no fixed habitations, 
 nor belong to any particular parifh. 
 
 There is alfo a prodigious number of 
 '£f/iwfwine; Jthey are all black like the wild boars, 
 and for the moil part of a mixed breed. 
 
 Poultry and game are in the greatefl 
 plenty. There are no wolves, nor rabbits, 
 but a great number of foxes. 
 
 There is a wild animal refembling a goat, 
 which the Corficans call Muffoli. This crea- 
 ture is fo nimble, that it fprings from one 
 rock to another at an amazing diftance, and 
 is generally taken in a fnare. By a flrange 
 fingularity, however, he attaches himfelf to 
 the firft perfon that fpits into his mouth, 
 and ever after follows him up and down like 
 a fpaniel. 
 
 There are mules, and horfes, both of a 
 
 fmall fize, but well made and ftrong. The 
 
 horfes are fpirited, and extremely fure- 
 
 footed, traverfing the moft difficult moun- 
 
 4 • tains
 
 tains without being fliod, and running over 
 ftones without ftumbling. 
 
 The dogs are large, fierce, and treacher- 
 ous, and fo ftrong that they fet upon the 
 wild boars, and overpower them. 
 
 According to Pliny, there were formerly 
 no lefs than three and thirty towns in the 
 ifland, but at this time there are only nine : 
 thefe are Bajiia, San Fiorenzo^ Calvi^ AjaC" 
 cio^ Bonifacio^ For to Vecchio^ Aleria^ Ma- 
 riana^ and Corte. Thefe towns never had 
 any other fortification, or fences, but thofe 
 which common fenfe fuggefted before the 
 ufing of artillery ; that is to fay a ditch, a 
 rampart wall, and tower. 
 
 The whole coaft of this ifland is full of 
 gulfs, and harbours, or havens. The havens 
 of San Fiorenzo, of Calvi, of Porto, of Sa- 
 gone, ofAjaccio, ofValinco, of Bonifacio, 
 and of Porto Vccchio are the heft. 
 
 There are befides other fmall harbours, 
 
 which the Corficans call Calles^ and thefe 
 
 I are
 
 E 15 ] 
 
 fiYe that of Algajola, of Giralatte, of Figaro, 
 and many others of this kind, where fmall 
 vefTels can enter with fafety. 
 
 Baftia is the largeft town, and is well 
 peopled. It contains about five thoufand 
 inhabitants. It is built on the declivity of 
 a mountain, and its inequalities render it 
 very inconvenient. The ftreets are badly 
 paved and very narrow. Its inhabitants are 
 looked upon to be good mariners. Formerly 
 they pra£lifed piracy. It's port is fmall and 
 the entrance dangerous on account of rockv<5 
 at the mouth of it. The port as w^ell as the 
 own is commanded by a dtadel, which, 
 however, is indifferently fortified. 
 
 San Fiorenzo has upwards of one hundred 
 houfes. The air is unwholtfome, but the 
 harbour, or rather the haven, i^ conlmodious, 
 and fafe. ' 
 
 i 
 Calvi is more confiderable. It contains 
 
 upwards of two hundred and forty houfes. 
 
 Its citadel is very ftrong both by nature and 
 
 art*
 
 iart, and the harbour better than that of Safl 
 tiorenzo, 
 
 Sagone was formerly a "^ell peopled tdwn^ 
 and the feat of a bifhop, at prefent it exifts 
 no more. There is, however, a good port. 
 
 Ajaccio is the fineft town in the whole 
 ifland, and the beft fituated. This town 
 together with its jurifdidion contains four 
 thoufand fix hundred and fifty families* 
 The houfes are well built, the flreets ftrait 
 and well paved, and the fuburbs embellifhed 
 with beautiful buildings. There are fine 
 walks on the right and the left of the town, 
 towards the ft;a, as well as on the mole, which 
 is an excellent one. Its harbour, or rather 
 its gulf, is the fafell, the largeit and the 
 mofl commodious in the whole ifland* 
 There is a .rock before the mole which 
 could eafily be mined and fprung in the 
 month of February, or March, when the 
 fea is low. If this were done the largeft 
 ihips might anchor with fafety near the 
 mole. Its citadel is regularly fortified, but 
 cannot make a long refiftance. 
 
 In
 
 f 17 ] 
 
 tn this gulf there is a fifhery of coral, 
 which is of three forts, red, white, and 
 black. 
 
 The harbour of Valinco, though not fo 
 fpacious as that of Ajaccio, is aeverthelefs 
 equally fafe and commodious. 
 
 Bonifacio is fituated in the fouthern part 
 of the ifland towards Sardinia, and is fepa- 
 rated from it by a narrow ftrait of nine 
 miles. Here is a very good harbour, and a 
 ftrong caftle. The town contains about 
 five hundred families, who are extremely 
 induftrious. In this gulf there is alfo a 
 fifhery of coral. 
 
 Porto Vecchio was formerly a very con- 
 fiderable town, but is now quite deferted, 
 on account of the bad air occafioned by 
 fwamps. Here are not above feventy fa- 
 milies. The harbou^t,' however, is fafe. 
 
 Aleria and Mariana labour under the 
 fame inconvenience, thefe two towns being 
 
 G very
 
 t i8 ] 
 
 very thinly inhabited on account of their 
 unwholefomenefs. 
 
 Corte is fituated almoft in the centre of 
 the ifland. It is furrounded by inacceffible 
 mountains. There is a good old caftle. 
 The town and its jurifdidion contains up- 
 wards of three thoufand families. 
 
 For the thorough fatisfadion of the reader, 
 we have inferted at the end of this work a 
 corredl ftatement of the population of the 
 whole ifland. 
 
 There are five bifhopricks, namely, that 
 of Ajaccio, Calvi, Aleria, Bonifacio, and 
 Nebbio. This latter has undergone the 
 ravages of time. It is reduced at prefent 
 to a heap of ruins. Its bifliop refides at 
 Baftia. 
 
 • Corfica fwarms with priefts and monks, 
 
 'the greateft part of whom are of mean fen- 
 
 timents, and extremely ignorant ; they are 
 
 held, neverthelefs, in great veneration by 
 
 tlie common people, as their teachers and 
 
 dijei^ors,
 
 [ '9 ] 
 
 dire£tots, in point of religion, are received 
 every where with open arms, and regarded 
 as mafters of the houfe Padroni di Cafa, 
 Thefe ecclefiafticks are as turbulent, and as 
 feditious as the feculars. They have been 
 the firebrands of every revolution that has 
 happened in that country, and have en- 
 couraged the people to take up arms againft 
 their fovereign. 
 
 There is a Greek colony, which has been 
 eftabliihed in that ifiand ever fmce the year 
 one thoufand fix hundred and feventy-fix. 
 They are the defcendants of thofe ancient 
 Spartans, whofe adtions and manner of 
 fpeaking all nations have admired, but no 
 one ever has imitated. They were virtuous 
 from principle, honour, and emulation. Pa- 
 triotifm, courage, firmnefs, fobriety, and 
 the military fcience, conftituted their cha- 
 racter truly manly ; in fo much, that Dio- 
 genes, the cynic, coming from Sparta, and 
 going to Corinth, being afked whence he 
 came ? replied " That he was coming from 
 " a country inhabited by men, and was go- 
 C 2 ** ing
 
 [ ,0 ) 
 
 ** ing to 6ne inhabited by women." In fa£l, 
 Sparta has given the world a number of 
 very great men, particularly in the art of 
 war. From them we have many maxims, 
 regulations, and manoeuvres, which Gene- 
 rals make ufe of to this day. To them wc 
 owe the evolutions which a corps makes in 
 order to keep its ground, or to gain another, 
 namely the fquare, thereby being able to 
 face the enemy on every fide. We owe alfo 
 to them the attack in column, and feveral 
 other evolutions, the detail of which would 
 lead us too far from our prefent undertaking. 
 We Ihall only fay. That Philip, King of 
 Macedonia, and his fon Alexander the Great, 
 though they bore a mortal enmity to the 
 Lacedemonians, and found fault with every 
 thing they did, yet they preferred the Spar- 
 tan evolutions to the Macedonians, and prac- 
 tifed them to advantage in their conquefts. 
 Several of thofe evolutions have been elu* 
 cidated, and inculcated by the Chevalier Fo- 
 lard, and the late King of Pruflia adopted 
 them with fuccefs in fome of the battles 
 which he fought with the Auftrians. 
 
 4 The
 
 { 21 ] 
 
 The Lacedemonians did not confine them^ 
 felves to precepts only. They invented alfo 
 fome arms, among which was a fmgular 
 fword. This fword was fhort and crooked 
 }ike a fcythe. They faid, that it fhould be 
 ihort for people like themfelves, who de^ 
 fired to clofe with the enemy ; upon which 
 Archilogus faid, 
 
 ** Slings they defpife, and fcorn to fend from ftr, 
 ** The flying dart, and wage a diftant war, 
 *' But hand to hand the trufty fword they wield, 
 <* Do all the dreadful bufinefs of the field." 
 
 Their whole life was employed in ftudy« 
 ing how to die glorioufly. Other nations 
 ?-an to vidory when it was almoft certain, but 
 the Lacedemonians ran to death even when 
 they were fure of it. " It is very fhameful," 
 Seneca faid, " for any man to run away, but 
 *' it would be unpardonable in a Spartan 
 " even to think of it." They were fo de- 
 licate on that point, that they banifhed Ar- 
 chilogus from Sparta for faying in jeft, " That 
 " it would be wifer to run away than to 
 ^' fall fword in hand," they maintaining 
 Q a that
 
 [ " ] 
 
 that the courageous ought to fave themfelves 
 by their hands, fighting till they either get 
 the victory or fall in the combat, whilft pol- 
 troons will fave themfelves by their legs. 
 
 As long as the Spartans religioufly ob- 
 ferved the wife inftitutions of Lycurgus, 
 they were invincible, but as foon as they 
 neglesfled them, and bellowed their time, 
 labour, and induftiy, upon corrupting them- 
 felves by ignoble pleafures, diffipations, and 
 riots, they loft the pre-eminence which they 
 had held over Greece, were defeated by Pe- 
 lopidas and Epaminondas, afterwards were 
 fubdued by Philip, King of Macedonia, then 
 by the Romans, and at laft enilaved by the 
 Turks, in the year 1460. Thefe barbarians 
 overturned and deftroyed every veftige of 
 that illuftrious nation, and now the en- 
 quiring traveller can find nothing but the 
 barren fpot where Sparta ftood. 
 
 After that period, the Lacedemonians 
 
 began to emigrate ; and the colony we 
 
 are fpeaking of, landed in Corfica in the 
 
 I. year
 
 [ 23 ] 
 
 year 1676. They preferred this ifland to 
 any other habitation more agreeably fitu- 
 ated, merely becaufe being mountainous and 
 rough, it prefented them with the image of 
 their native country. 
 
 The Republic of Genoa granted them fome 
 large tracts of land, which had not been cul- 
 tivated for many centuries. The want of 
 culture is the reafon why Corfica has al- 
 ways been confidered as fterile and unpro- 
 ductive. Thofe trails of land were called 
 Paonia^ Revida^ and Salogna. They efta- 
 blifhed themfelves in Paonia^ where they 
 built five villages ; namely, Salico^ Corona^ 
 Paucone^ Rondellino^ and Monte Roffo, They 
 cultivated it fo well, that in a fhort time it 
 afforded them all the comforts of life. But 
 the Corficans, growing envious of the pro- 
 fperity of thefe new fettlers, rofe in a mafs, 
 and dellroyed their fettlements. There is a 
 certain depravity in fome men which in- 
 duces them to injure others without any 
 benefit to themfelves. Thofe induftrious 
 emigrants, unwilling to expofe themfelves 
 C 4 to
 
 [24.] ■ 
 
 to further injuries and lofles, abandoneit 
 agriculture, and retired to Ajaccio. Ufed 
 to viciflitudes, theywere no ways dejeded. 
 Recolledling their origin, they refumed theiir 
 ancient military inftitution ; regimented 
 themfelves for the fervice of the Republic 
 of Genoa, and appointed Stephanopoii to be 
 their commander, who was the moft re- 
 fpedable man among them, and he difci^ 
 plined them fo well, and rendered them fo 
 fubmiffive and obedient, and at the fame 
 time fo bold, refolute, and daring, that they 
 were as loth to incur blame as they were 
 ardent to gain honour and glory ; and on 
 all occafions fought as valiantly under him, 
 as they would have done under the eye of 
 Lycurgus himfelf. 
 
 Under the dependence of Corfica there 
 is a fmall iiland, called Capraja^ formerly 
 belonging to the family of ^t" Maro^ a family 
 once very powerful in Corfica. The dif- 
 tance between thefe two iflands is computed 
 to be feven or eight leagues. Capraja is 
 but fix leagues in circumference. In ancient 
 
 times
 
 [ 25 3 
 
 times it was inhabited by Monks only, who 
 had renounced all commerce with the world, 
 had devoted themfelves to prayer and ab- 
 ftinence, and profefled celibacy, a kind of 
 life which the wife Lycurgus and feveral 
 pther legiflators had forbidden, becaufe it 
 was contrary to the did:ates of nature, and 
 deftrudtive to the propagation of the human 
 fpecies. While thefe Monks, plunged in 
 floth, inhabited this ifland, it was a heap of 
 weeds, briars, and thorns. 'Jacopo de 
 Maro^ a man of noble and enlarged ideas 
 drove them out of it, demoliflied their con- 
 vents, and invited over men who got their* 
 fubfifte^ce by labour, and thefe cultivated 
 Capraja fo well, that it produces now in 
 plenty all forts of grain, wine, oil, and 
 whatever elfe is neceffary for the comforts 
 and conveniencies of life. There is a bo- 
 rough which contains about feven hundred 
 inhabitants. It is protected by a ftrong 
 caftle built upon a hill. The Republic of 
 Genoa afterwards difpoffefled Jacopo de 
 Maro of that ifland, and ever fince they 
 Jiaye kept a ftrpng garrifon in it, 
 
 REVOLUTION
 
 [ ^7 ] 
 REVOLUTION 
 
 OF 
 
 CORSICA. 
 
 THE preceding is an accurate defcription 
 of the fituation, clime, foil, and productions 
 of Corfica, which notwithftanding the many 
 gifts, it is abundantly furnifhed with by 
 provident nature, has always been miferably 
 poor, never having been able to fupply the 
 neceflary expences for its civil and military 
 eftablifhments, and having always proved 
 a dead weight on the different fovereigns 
 who have pofTefred it. But poverty, inftead 
 of dejeding their fpirits, made them bold, 
 refolute, and valiant, in fo much that when- 
 ever they found themfelves oppreffed, they 
 readily took up arms againft their oppref- 
 fors, howfoever powerful and opulent they 
 might be. Their invincible courage and 
 fteady abhorrence to flavery, which they 
 had' fhown in a long feries of ftruggles, im- 
 preffed the citizen of Geneva (Rouffeau, 
 
 in
 
 [ 28 3 
 
 In the Social Contrad) with the following 
 fentlment ; 
 
 " II eft encore en Europe un pays capa- 
 « ble de legiflation. C'eft Tlfle de Corfe- 
 " La valeur, et la conftance, avec la quelle 
 " ce brave peuple a feu recouvrer, et de- 
 " fendre fa liberte, meriteroit bien que 
 *' quelque homme fagc lui apprit a la 
 *' conferver. J'ai quelque prefTentiment, 
 ** qu'un jour cette petite ifle etonner^ 
 ♦• I'Europe," 
 
 Many other eminent authors have written 
 alfo on the fame fubjed:, among whom was 
 the celebrated Mrs. Macaulay. This lady re- 
 commended a democratical government, 
 drew a fketch of it, and addreffed it to 
 Signor Paoli, the Corlican leader, who had 
 it in contemplation to eftablilh in Corfica 
 that form of government, and her memora-j 
 ble letter begins thus ; 
 
 *' Warm wlfhes for the welfare of your- 
 
 " felf and illuftrious countrymen, rc- 
 
 *' nowned Paoli ! are the motives which 
 
 '^ ftimu^
 
 i; 29 ] 
 
 •* ftlmuiatc me to addrefs you on the 
 " Important fubje^t of Corfican liberty.— < 
 ** Free eftablifhments are fubjeds I have 
 ** ftudied with care, and the ftrong rumours 
 " which prevail, that the- Corficans are 
 *' going to eftablifh a Republic, makes me 
 " addrefs you, as if this was the deter- 
 " mined point to which your views arc 
 ** turned." 
 
 Mrs. Macauley, after laying down the 
 rules which fhe thought efficient for fuch an 
 eftablifhment, concludes her letter in the 
 following words : 
 
 " That there was no perfon fo capable 
 *' for this high employment as Signer Paoli, 
 ** who having long directed the councils of 
 " a brave people in the glorious ftrugglc of 
 " liberty, fhould linifh his career by making 
 " that liberty beneficial, and permanent. 
 " This is an opportunity of immiortalizing 
 ** your name, renowned Paoli ! which few 
 *' men have had within their power, and 
 " fewer have had wifdom enough to feize 
 " on, but rather through their folly have 
 
 " turned
 
 t 30 ] 
 
 ^ tuffted It to difgrace and infamy. But 
 " that you may be ranked among the fore- 
 ** moft of mortals with Timoleon, Lycur- 
 *' gus, Solon, and Brutus, is the fnicere 
 *' wifh of your great admirer, 
 
 " and very humble fervant, 
 
 " Catherine Macaulay." 
 
 After this addrefs, fo flattering to Paoll, 
 it may not be improper to give the readef 
 fome account of his origin, his education, 
 and talents, and how he came to be the firft 
 man in authority and power in that ifland. 
 
 His Chriftian name is Pafqual, and Gia- 
 cinto was that of his father. Giacinto Paoli 
 was created Marquis, by King Theodore, 
 who appointed him afterwards his High 
 Treafurer, and on that Monarch's departure 
 from Corfica was a member of the Regency. 
 Pafqual Paoli was educated at Naples under 
 the Jefuits. He made a great progrefs in 
 the different branches of polite literature, as 
 well as in their fyftem of politics, learning 
 with avidity the latent precepts of advanc- 
 ing in life, and the art of managing mens' 
 
 tempers
 
 I 3' ] 
 
 tempers and pafllons. He was a£l*ive and 
 fober, never indulging idlenefs, or abandon- 
 ing himfelf to the grofs pleafures of fenfu- 
 ality, which not only enervate the vigor 
 and the ftrength of the body, but blunt the 
 acutenefs of every faculty of the mind ; 
 with thefe fingular advantages and a great 
 fagacity and penetration, Paoli from Na- 
 ples went to Corfica among rude and un- 
 couth people, who were ftrangers to 
 thofe mental embellilhments, and to poli- 
 tical intrigues, but who were cut out for the 
 executive bufmefs of war, and wholly given 
 to recover their liberty by a ftubborn cou- 
 rage. He officiated at firft as Secretary to 
 Dodior CafFori, a phyfician, and his kinf- 
 man, who was at the head of the mal- 
 contents. CafFori was afTaffinated, and 
 Paoli ftrove to attain the high poft which 
 the deceafed had occupied. But he met 
 with a powerful opponent in the perfon 
 of Signor Matra^ who being a man of 
 noble fentiments, a true lover of his coun- 
 try, and a brave and experienced warrior, 
 thought himfelf entitled to mount to a de-r 
 
 gree
 
 t :J3 1 
 
 gree of eminence above the reft, and h^vi 
 the command of his armed countrymetSr 
 preferably to Paoli. Force, and not the 
 number of votes, was to decide the conteft. 
 The two parties armed their refpedivc 
 partizans and came to blows. The Paolifts 
 were defeated ; and Paoli, thinking himfelf 
 in danger of his life, took fanftuary in a 
 convent together with fome of his friends, 
 where they were clofely blockaded. But 
 Matra met with the fame fate as CafFori, and 
 his tragical death was an objedl of triumph 
 and joy to Paoli, who being now releafed 
 from fear, rufhed out of the convent, fet at 
 work all the engines of his politicks, and by 
 plaufible fpeeches and ample promifes pre- 
 vailed upon the multitude to chufe him fpr 
 their General. 
 
 He now had the fole government of 
 their civil and military affairs, and gained 
 fuch an afcendancy and dominion over 
 them, that they implicitly affented to every- 
 thing he propofed, abandoning the care of „ 
 their moft important concerns to his dis- 
 cretion, and magnifying him as a mart of 
 
 the greateft truft and command. 
 
 Paoli's
 
 t 2>?> 1 
 Paoli's patrimony was but flender : it 
 Gonfifted in a houfe and a garden which he 
 had at Rofiino^ where he was born. The 
 Corficans plentifully fupplied him with 
 what he wanted, and raifed that provifion 
 by an annual tax, which was called // fane 
 del Gene rale ^ the General's bread. 
 
 As he was not trained up to arms, a pro^ 
 feflion of an indifpenfable neceffity to a man 
 who is engaged in military enterprifes, he 
 could not poffibly drive the Genoefe out of 
 Corfica. Thefe, neverthelefs, defpairing 
 to fubdue them, in the year 1768, refigned 
 the fovereignty of that Ifland to Louis XV, 
 King of France, who paid to that Repub- 
 lick forty millions of livres for it. Befides 
 that fum, the expences annually incurred 
 for the fupport of its civil and military efta- 
 blifhments, have amounted to nine hun« 
 dred thoufand livres, as it is ftated in the 
 annexed memoirs which were prefented 
 to the French National AfTcmbly in the 
 year 1790, on the exploitation, or felling 
 pf the woods in that ifland ; a plan calcur. 
 '^tcd to relieve the French Treafury of thofe 
 I) expences,
 
 [ 34 1 
 
 expences, create an income, without im- 
 pofing any tax on the inhabitants, and pro- 
 mote induflry and occupations among the 
 common people, 
 
 Paoli did not feem difmayed by this cef- 
 fion ; on the contrary, he animated the Cor- 
 ficans to perfevere in the defence of their 
 liberty, which, including every other blef- 
 fing, is therefore the only thing worth con- 
 tending for to the laft ; and he promifed to 
 (land by, or fall with them. 
 
 This heroic refolution being fpread 
 about all over Italy, and afterwards all over 
 Europe, gained him the efteem and good 
 wlihes of every lover of humanity, and the 
 affiftance of the wealthy, who fupplied him 
 vv^ith arms, ammunition, and money. On 
 that occalion Biittafuoco^ and Colomia^ \.\\o 
 Corfican gentlemen who had ferved with 
 diftindion in the Corfican regiment in the 
 fervice of France, and likewiie the author 
 of this narrative, who had made feveral 
 campaigns under the mofl experienced Ge- 
 nerals of the age, and had feen a variety of 
 war, offered to join Paoli in 'io glorious a 
 
 caufcj
 
 [ 35 1 
 
 caiife, but he rejected their offer. Mighty 
 doings were expedted from his valour and 
 condudl, particularly here in England, where 
 he was ftiled the Corfican Timoleon. 
 
 But Paoli did not fulfil his promifes to 
 the Coriicans, nor jufdfied the general opi- 
 nion which had been entertained of him. 
 At the appearance of the French troops, he 
 ftole away in the hour of danger, abandon- 
 ing his countrymen as a prey to their ene- 
 mies, and took with him the donations 
 which had been fo liberally fubfcribed here 
 in London under the direction and truft 
 of Alderman Beckford, Alderman Treco- 
 thick, and Samuel Vaughan, Efq; for the 
 relief of thofe brave defenders of their li- 
 berty ; w^hich donations he had received 
 but three days before his precipitate retreat. 
 This adion brought upon him the odium 
 of every man of honourable fentiments, 
 and the indignation of thofe gentlemen. 
 But en : his arrival in London, his fub- 
 miffive letters, friendly interpofitions in be- 
 half of the penitent, and their humane dif- 
 pofition, converted indignation into mercy. 
 D 2 Notwith-*
 
 [ 36 ] 
 
 Notwithftanding thefe heavy ctiafges, 
 tl^hich muft have been unknown at St. 
 Jameses, or looked upon as calumnious, 
 faoli was prefented to the King, was gra- 
 cioufly received, and gratified with a large 
 penfion. He obtained, befides, a provifion 
 for Signor Clement e^ his brother, another for 
 Signor Barbaggio^ his nephew, and for fe- 
 veral others who had followed his fortune. 
 
 Thefe diftinguifhed marks of royal fa- 
 vour operated as his regeneration, wiping 
 off the odium of his flight, and reconciling 
 him to the Corficans, who now took that 
 flight for a political manoeuvre, and a pre- 
 concerted plan with the Englifh Govern- 
 ment ; and they were given to underltandy 
 that the King being the reprefentative of a 
 free nation, would at a proper time efpoufe 
 their caufe, enable them to fhake off the 
 yoke of an arbitrary Prince, and to become 
 an independent Commonwealth,, which 
 though a poor one, they preferred it to a 
 golden fervitude," as fetters of gold are fet- 
 ters flill ; Paoli therefore bid them to be 
 of good heart, and kept alive in them the 
 
 divine flame of liberty. 
 •4 ' But
 
 t *35 1 
 
 But by little and little he abandoned the 
 republican principles, and became a devotee 
 to kingly governrrient; infomuch, that 
 when the prefent moft fudden, moft un- 
 expected, and moft aftonifhing revolution 
 broke out in France, and that nation over- 
 turned the royal throne, declared themfelves 
 a free people, infpired the furrounding na- 
 tions with the fame fentiments, gave li- 
 berty to Corfica, and affiliated her as one of 
 the fedtions, Paoli fhewed a great concern 
 at this change in his country. As foon as, 
 however, the emotions of his mind fub- 
 fided, he wrote a letter to his countrymen, 
 which appeared in the newfpapers, con- 
 gratulating them on the recovery of their 
 liberty, but lamenting that as Corfica, ne- 
 verthelefs, made part of France, he could 
 not join them confiftently with the princi- 
 ples of gratitude, and his attachment to the 
 Englifh nation, from whom he had long 
 received, and was adually receiving great 
 favours. 
 
 Sometime after he left England, went to 
 Paris, pleaded and obtained his pardon, pro- 
 pounced an oration at the bar of the afiem- 
 D3 . bly;
 
 My J in which he faid, that after a painful 
 exile of twenty years, he felt it now the 
 happieft moment of his life to fee liberty 
 reftored to his country by the generofity of 
 the French nation, and expreffed his earned 
 defire and readinefs to contribute, as far as 
 k was in his power, to the happinefs of his 
 fellow-citizens, Thefe fentiments being 
 the nobleft that ever animated human heart, 
 were highly pleafmg to the national affem- 
 bly, and met with an univerfal applaufe. 
 Accordingly he took the oath of fidelity,, 
 was reinftated to his former command, and 
 embarked for his native country, where he 
 was received with the ftrongeft marks of 
 acclamation. And now it was thought 
 that Corfica, after being long toffed up and 
 down, like a fhip in the wide fea by 
 tempefttious Weather, having now happily 
 reached a good port, would reft enjoying^, 
 a ferene calm, imd no more venture on 
 defperate enterprifes. But the contrary 
 happened; Paoli began to underrnine thf 
 eftablifhed form of government, and ta 
 poifon the mind of the people againft the 
 -^"rench nation^ 
 
 The
 
 [ 37 ] 
 
 The convention being informed of hi$ 
 fecret practices, and of each particular of his 
 defigns, ordered hun to appear at their bar, 
 and exhibit himfelf to juftice on what had 
 been aliegedagainft him. Age and infirmities 
 were the reafons he gave that he might be 
 difpenfed from appearing; and he accom- 
 panied thefe reafons with afluranees that 
 •he would never be defecStive to his duty. 
 But he ftill going on in caballing, was fuba* 
 moned again, and as he peremptorily re- 
 fufed to obey, (thinking himfelf fafe at 
 Corte, an inland town of very difficult ac- 
 cefs, fituated in the centre of the ifle) the 
 convention declared him a. traitor, and fct 
 a price upon his head# 
 
 The French had not above four hundred 
 men of their own nation in that ifland, and 
 thefe were diftributed in garrifoning Baftia, 
 San Fiorenzo, and Calvi, places fituated on 
 the fea fide, the command of wtjich was 
 intruded to native Corficans. As mutual 
 confidence reigned between the mother 
 country and the affiliated, no greater num- 
 ber of troops was thought neceffary to be 
 kntoverforeach others fecurityand tomain- 
 P 4 tain
 
 t 38 1 
 
 tain order. But Paoli availing hlmfelf of 
 the paucity of the French troops, of the 
 credit he had with his countrymen, naturally 
 turbulent, and lovers of change, and the 
 hope of receiving a powerful fuccour from 
 England, openly excited a revolt, with a 
 view to add his mite to the efforts of this 
 nation againft the convention, then con- 
 fidered' as a motley crew, and of no con- 
 fiftence, fave his own life, and gratify hb 
 ambition for power. 
 
 His defedlion dlfunlted two nations, 
 who feemed faftened to one another with 
 an indiflbluble knot, ' and converted the 
 tranquillity of Corfica into a violent fer- 
 mentation. Thofe iflanders, agitated by 
 different motives and pafTions, formed 
 themfelves into two different parties* 
 
 One of thofe , parties was headed by 
 V^entili, Saliceti, Arena, Cafa Bianca, and 
 many other gentlemen of the firfl families 
 and fortune in that ifland, who thought it 
 iinjuft, and abfurd to depart, without caufe, 
 from a conftitution, the obfervance of which 
 they had fworn to, in the prefence of the 
 4 SupremQ
 
 t 39 ] 
 
 Supreme Being, -whom they called for 
 witnefs, and from which they had acStually 
 derived iignal advantages ; they Tided, 
 therefore, with the convention, who preach- 
 ed a do£trine congenial to their own fenti- 
 ments, namely, liberty, equality, and fra- 
 ternity, and fupport that dodrine with an 
 enthufiafm, which nothing can refift, and 
 from which no difficulties can deter them. 
 
 At the head of the other party was Ge- 
 neral Paoli, encompafled and fupported by 
 the clergy, whom he had inftigated to rife 
 againft the convention for intending to ap- 
 ply to the neceiTary expences of the ftate, 
 part of the annual revenues of the church, 
 for annulling her inftitutions and rites, vi- 
 lifying the relicks and images of the faints, 
 overturning their altars, and profaning the 
 temples. This party was denominated the 
 Sacred Band^ and all true believers were 
 commanded to take up arms in order to 
 avenge fo holy a caufe. 
 
 This party was more numerous than the 
 other, and acquired an additional ftrength 
 by Paoli's fecretly inviting over the Englifh 
 
 , fleet.
 
 [ 40 ] 
 
 fleet, which, after the hafty evacuation of 
 Toulon, and the Republiq of Genoa re- 
 fufing to admit them into their harbours, 
 wandered about in thofe feas for want of a 
 proper fhelter. Them the Sacred Band 
 received as their deliverers from tyranny, 
 and the protedors of their Roman Catholic 
 religion* 
 
 The fudden and unexpected arrival of 
 this formidable armament difconcerted the 
 Corfican democrats, who were not pre^ 
 pared for fuch an event. Thus being un- 
 able to keep their ground, and averle to 
 Infeft their country with the horrors of a 
 civil war, and imbrue their hands in the 
 blood of their fellow-citizens, they delifted 
 for the prefent from fupporting the efta-» 
 blifhed government. They calmly fepa-. 
 rated, and fome of them retired to Baftia, 
 feme to San Fiorenzo, fome to Calvi, where 
 the French republic had a garrifon, repeatr 
 ing in their journey the following lines 
 <^i an ancient poet — ? 
 
 Where-ever difcord, and rebellion reign. 
 The \sorft of men, the gieateft honors gain. 
 
 Others
 
 t 4« 1 
 
 Others remained quiet in their own habU 
 tations, without interfering in public mat- 
 ters, as they were of opinion that the 
 rebels would foon be fenfible of their error, 
 would correct their offence by repentance, 
 and turn enemies to the authors of that 
 rebellion. ' And others knowing that Paoli 
 was formed on the principles of Machiavel, 
 who prefcribes to kill your enemy, if you 
 cannot make him your friend, being now 
 in the plenitude of an abfolute power, were 
 apprehenfive he would facrifice them to his 
 vengeance ; they therefore joined him, and 
 aflented to whatever he propofed. Befidea 
 the inducement of the fafety of their per- 
 fons and property, they expecfted to (hare 
 equally with his friends, the private emo- 
 luments and numerous employments which 
 he had promifed them in the name of a 
 very potent and very liberal monarch, re- 
 plete with 'virtues, and juft to his promife. 
 Accordingly after the furrender of Baftia, 
 San Fiorenzo, and Calvi to the Engiifh 
 forces, and Corfica, by the redudion of 
 thofe places, being entirely clear of French 
 troops, Paoli convoked a General Affem- 
 bly at Corte, and being attired in the ve- 
 nerable
 
 [ 40 
 
 nefable titles of patriot, and a beilefa£l:or 
 to his beloved countrymen, in the moft 
 folemn manner furrendered their liberties 
 to the king of Great-Britain, and com* 
 mitted, at the fame time, the care and 
 prote£lion of the Roman Catholic religion 
 to that monarch, though a Proteftant;. 
 
 The form and condition of which are fully 
 related ^in the following 
 
 STATE PAPERS: 
 
 To the Right Honourable Heiiry Dundas, 
 
 SIR, 
 I have the honour to acquaint you, that 
 the union of Corfica to the Crown of Great 
 Britain is finally and formally concluded ; 
 and it is with the moft fmcerefatisfa6tionthat 
 I find myfelf enabled to aflure you, that no 
 national ad: was ever fandioned by a more 
 unanimous proceeding on the part of thofe 
 who were authorifed to do it, or by a more 
 univerfal approbation, amounting, I may 
 fay, to enthufiafm, on the part of the 
 people. 
 
 I hav0
 
 t 44 3 
 
 fxprefled the general nature of the meafure 
 to which the Deputies were authorifed to 
 confent, fpecifying diftindily the union of 
 Corfica with Great Britain, and the tender 
 of the Crown to his Majefly. 
 
 I have the honour to inclofe copies of 
 thefe proceedings. 
 
 The Deputies met at Corte in fufficient 
 numbers to conftitute the Aflembly, on 
 Tuefday the loth of June. Some days were 
 4employed in verifying their powers, and 
 determining controverted elections ; after 
 which they chofe General Paoli as their 
 Prefident, and Mr. Pozzodi Bargo and Mr. 
 Mufelli their Secretaries. 
 
 On Saturday, the 14th inftant, General 
 Paoli opened the AiTembly by an excellent 
 and eloquent fpeech, ftating concifely th^i 
 principal events which had occurred, and the 
 principal meafures adopted by himfelf, fmce 
 ihe reparation of the laft General Confult in 
 Jvl^y 1793? the occafion of their prefent con- 
 vocation.
 
 [ 43 ] 
 
 I have already had the honour of tranfm't- 
 thig to you a copy of the letter addreffed 
 by His Excellency my Lord Kood and 
 myfelf to His Excellency General Paoli, 
 dated the 21ft of April. I have the honour 
 to inclofe, to-day, a copy of the Circular 
 Letter, addreffed by General Paoli to his 
 countrymen, referring to that which he had 
 received from us; an Italian tranflation of 
 which was annexed. 
 
 Letters of convocation were foon after 
 iffued for the Affembly of the General Con- 
 fult, to be held at Corte, on Sunday, the 
 8th of June | and were fo framed, as to pro- 
 cure the moft general reprefentation known 
 in this ifland; every community, which is the 
 fmalleft territorial divifion, having fent its 
 reprefentative ; and the ftate of property 
 being fuch, that, although none but land- 
 holders were ele(flors, every man almoft 
 without exception has voted. 
 
 The letters of convocation fet forth the 
 ©ccafion of their being called together ; and 
 the minutes of election in every community 
 
 expreffed
 
 i 45 1 
 
 vocation, and, the leading pointa on •vyhicf^ 
 their deliberations fhould turn. 
 
 The AfTembly voted unanimoufly their 
 thanks to General Paoli, and a full and entire 
 approbation of all he had done, by virtue of 
 the powers formerly vefted in him by ths; 
 Confult of 1793. 
 
 They then ift, declared unanimoufly the 
 feparation of Corfica from France. 
 
 And, 2dly, with the fame unanimity, and 
 with the fcrongeft demonftrations of univer- 
 fal fatisfa£tion and joy, voted the union of 
 Corfica to the Crown of Great Britain. 
 
 A Committee was then appointed to pre- 
 pare the Articles of Union, and to confider 
 the proper mode of tendering the Crgwn to 
 His Majefty. 
 
 It was declared, that all who came fliould 
 have voices.; and, in liid, feveral perfons of 
 
 charader 

 
 f 46 1 
 
 ttiarader and talents, who were not eveit 
 Members of the AfTembly, were admitted to 
 the deliberations, and took a fhare in the 
 difcuffions of the Committee* 
 
 The Articles underwent in the Committee 
 a very full, free, and intelligent difcuflion ; 
 fuch as would have done honour to any 
 aflembly of public men in any country, and 
 fuch as ftamped the refult with the fandion 
 of a deliberate and informed, as well as a 
 free and independent afient. 
 
 The report was voted with unanimity in 
 the Committee. 
 
 It was prefented to the Aflembly on 
 Thurfday the 1 7th ; and on that and the fol- 
 lowing day was opened, and moft ably, as 
 well as fully, expounded to them by Mr. 
 Pozzo de Bargo. It was adopted with 
 unanimity, and with univerfal applaufe ; and 
 two copies of the Adl of Union were figned 
 by every Member of the Confult, 
 
 On
 
 [ 47 ] I 
 
 On Thurfday, the 19th of June, I r&j 
 ceived a deputation from the Aflembly, pre- 
 senting to me a copy of the Adl of Union, 
 and inviting me to return with them, that 
 the Crown might be tendered to His Majefty 
 by the AiTembly itfelf, in the moft folemn 
 and authentic form, 
 
 I accompanied the deputation ; and,' in 
 the prefeflce of the Aflembly, received froni 
 the Prefident, His Excellency General Paoli, 
 in the name of the people, the tender of the 
 Crown and Sovereignty of Corfica to His 
 J\'lajefty. 
 
 His Excellency's addrefs to me is con-, 
 tained in the minutes. I 
 
 After addrefllng the Afl^embly in a manner 
 which appeared to mefuitableto the occafion, 
 I pronounced, in His MajePcy's name, the af- 
 f;eptation of the Crown, according to the 
 Articles contained in the Adl of Uniqn. 
 
 I then
 
 ' t 48 ] 
 
 I then took, in His Majefty's name, the 
 oath prefcribed " To maintain the Liber- 
 " ties of CoiTica according to the Conftitu- 
 ?' tion iind the Laws." 
 
 The Prefident then took and adminiftered 
 to the Affembly the oath of allegiance and 
 fidelity ; after which I figned and fealed the 
 acceptation annexed to both copies of the 
 Adi of Union, one of which I have now tho 
 Jionpur totranfmit, 
 
 The day following (yefterday) Te D-eum 
 was fung in the Cathedral, accompanied by 
 the difcharge of artillery ; and prayers were 
 offered up for His Majefty, by the name of 
 George the Third, King of Great Britain 
 and Corfica. In the evening the town wa^ 
 illuminated, and the people dcmonftrated, 
 their loyalty and joy by every means in their- 
 power. 
 
 The Affembly has voted, this day, an 
 Addrefs to His Majefty, exprefhve of their 
 gratitude, loyalty, and attachment ; anc\ 
 
 have
 
 [ 49 ] 
 
 have deputed four refpedable gentlemen to 
 prefent it to His Majefty in London. 
 
 I cannot conclude this difpatch without 
 offering my very humble congratulations on 
 the fortunate termination of this important 
 and interefliing affair, at once advantageous, 
 as I truft, to the contrading parties, honour- 
 able to His Majefty, and gratifying, in 
 every view, to his royal feelings, as well as 
 to thofe of His Britifh fubjeds. 
 
 The true foundation and balis of this 
 tranfad:ion hasrefted on the confidence infpi- 
 red by his Majefty's princely virtues, and the 
 exalted reputation enjoyed throughout the 
 world by the Britifh nation for every honour- 
 able and generous quality. The people of 
 Corfica have, on one hand, done homage to 
 thofe virtues, by confiding and tendering, 
 even folicitoufly, the fovereignty of their 
 country to His Majefty ; they have, on ^he 
 oth^r hand, heightened the value of that 
 confidence, by evincing that it comes from 
 E men
 
 C 50 1 
 
 men who have rejected, with horror, the 
 polfonous and counterfeit liberty of France, 
 without heing ignorant or carelefs of a well- 
 ordered and conftitutional freedom. 
 
 His Majefly h^s acquired a crown; thofc 
 who beftow it have acquired liberty. The 
 Britifh nation has extended its political and 
 commercial fphere by the acceflion of Cor- 
 fica ; Corfica has added new fecurities to her 
 ancient poffeflions, and has opened frefh 
 fields of profperity and wealth, by her libe- 
 ral incorporation with a vaft and powerful 
 empire. 
 
 This difpatch will be delivered to you by 
 Mr.Petriconi, a young gentleman of this coun- 
 try, who has ferved with diftindion through- 
 out the war, under the orders of General 
 Paoii, and particularly in the fieges of Baftia 
 and St. Fiorenzo. 
 
 I beg leave to refer to him for any particu- 
 lars which I may have omitted, and to recom- 
 mend
 
 [ 5^ 1 
 
 mend him to the honour of your attention 
 during his refidence in England. 
 
 I have the honour to be, &c. 
 
 (Signed) Gilbert Elliott. 
 
 TRANSLATION. 
 
 General Paoli to his Countrymen. 
 
 Furmm'y May i , 1 794. 
 
 Mofi dearly-beloved Countrymen^ 
 
 THE unabated confidence with which 
 you have honoured me, and the folicitude 
 I have had to promote your interefts, and to 
 cnfure your liberty, prefcribe to me the ob- 
 ligation of ftating to you the prefent fitUation 
 of public affairs. 
 
 You remember how many cruel and 
 
 treacherous arrangements were made by 
 
 E 2 the
 
 the three Commiflioners of the French 
 Convention, who were fent over to our 
 ifland ; and in what manner they attempted 
 to concentrate the powers of government in 
 a fmall number of their fatellites, deftined to 
 be the inllraments of thofe violences and 
 crueltieSj which were to be exercifed againll 
 all well-meaning perfons, and againft the 
 nation at large. 
 
 The unjuft decree which ordered my ar- 
 sreft, and my transfer to the bar of the A/Tem- 
 bly, was the firft attempt directed by them 
 againft your liberty. You unanimoufly de- 
 clared yourfelves, and humbly remonflrated 
 againft an a£t defigned to facilitate the exe- 
 cution of- your enemy's plots : Finally, you, 
 in a General Aflembly, declared your in- 
 dignation at this a(3: of injuftice ; and you, 
 adopted, at that moment, fuch refolutions; 
 as were confiftent with your dignity and 
 with the public welfare. 
 
 J accepted, as a diftinguiftiingproof of your 
 
 confidence, the commiftion you were pleafed 
 
 4 t»
 
 [ s$ 3 
 
 to confer upon me, for providing, m tTtofe 
 critical circumftances^for the maintainance of 
 your fafety and liberty : Anxious that you 
 ihould not be expofed to any danger, unlefs 
 indignation and neceflity commanded you to 
 refift, I tried every means which prudence 
 and moderation fuggefled to me at that 
 time ; but neither your juft reclamationsj 
 nor my innocence, were fufficient to recall 
 to fentiments of rectitude and humanity a 
 violent and fanguinary facStion,, irritated by 
 the noble refiftance you had m'ade,^ and re« 
 folved to accomplifh your deftrudtion ; for 
 which purpofe the fubverfion of the govern- 
 ment was ordered, and the members of it 
 profcribed conjointly with many other zea- 
 lous patriots : The nation was declared in a 
 ftate of rebellion ; orders were given to re- 
 duce it by force of arms, and to treat it with 
 the bloody rigour of revolutionary laws* 
 
 Roufed by thefe caufes, by the endlefs 
 
 fucceffion of deflru^tion and ruin which 
 
 charaderizes the conduct of thofe pcrfons 
 
 who exerciie the powers of government in 
 
 E 3 France,
 
 [ 54 ] 
 
 France, and by the deftrudion of all reli- 
 gion, and of every form of worfhip, enforced 
 and proclaimed among the people with un- 
 exampled impiety, every Corfican felt the 
 neceflity of feparating from the French, and 
 of guarding againft the poifonous influence 
 of their errors. 
 
 The ads of hoftllity committed by the 
 French, and thofe Corfican traitors v^ho had 
 taken refuge in the garrifons of Calvi, St. 
 Fiorenzo, and Baftia, compelled us to repel 
 them by force of arms. I have feen, with 
 'infinite fatisfadion, during the courfe of a 
 whole year, that your ancient bravery and 
 attachment to your country were not in the 
 leaft diminifhed ; in various encounters the 
 enemy have been defeated, although nume- 
 rous and fupported by artillery ; you have 
 treated the prifoners taken in the heat of 
 battle with generofity, whilft the enemy 
 have, in cold blood, malfacred our prifoners, 
 who were (p unfortunate as to fall into their 
 hands. In all thefe agitations we have kept 
 ourfelves united, and exempt from the horn 
 
 rors
 
 [ 55 1 
 
 TOTS of licentioufnefs and anarchy ; a happy 
 prefage of your future fate, and an irrefragable 
 proof that you are deferving of true liberty, 
 and that you will know how to preferve it 
 unfuUied by licentioufnefs and diiTentions. 
 
 In fuch a ftate of things, a becoming dif- 
 fidence made me, neverthelefs, apprehend 
 that the enemy would increafe in foi'ce, and 
 attempt to carry into execution the deftruc- 
 tive plans they had formed againft you. 
 Under thefe circumftances I felt the necef» 
 fity of foreign affiftance; and, in confor- 
 mity to your general wifhes, and to the pub- 
 lic opinion and univerfal expectation, I had 
 recourfe to the King, and to the generous 
 and powerful nation, which had, on other 
 occafions, prote(fted the remains of our li- 
 berty ; a meafure didated by the public 
 fafety, and which I took only when every 
 conciliatory oiFer had been obftinately re- 
 jected, and every hope of obtaining mode- 
 ration or juftice from the French Convene 
 tion was extinCt 
 
 E A Hh
 
 [ 56 ] 
 
 His Britannick Majefty's arms have made 
 their appearance in your fupport ; His fhips 
 and troops are employed with you to drive 
 from our country the common enemy ; and 
 the blood of Britons and Corficans is con- 
 jointly fhed for the liberty of this ifland. 
 Our enterprife has already been crowned 
 with happy events, and draws near to a for- 
 tunate completion. 
 
 This pleafmg afpedl of affairs has deter- 
 mined me to tiirn my thoughts to the moft 
 efficacious means of eftablifhing a permanent 
 freedom, and of fecuring our iflands from the 
 various events, which, till this moment, have 
 kept us in agitation. 
 
 The protedion of the King of Great 
 Britain, and a political union with the Bri- 
 tifh nation, of which the profperity and 
 power, uninterrupted for ages, are to the 
 univerfe proofs of the excellency of its go- 
 vernment, have appeared to me to accord 
 with the happintfs and fafety of Corfica. 
 The univerful opinion on this head, evinced
 
 [ 57 ] 
 
 by the unreferved inclination you have 
 fhewn, and flrengthened by your gratitude 
 for benefits received, appears fortunately 
 to concur with mine. I have, therefore, 
 made the proper overtures to His Majefty, 
 the King of Great Britain, v^ith a view to 
 eftablilh this defirable Union. 
 
 With a fatisfadion, never to be erafed 
 from my mind, I now behold our wifhes 
 anticipated, and our hopes realized. The 
 Memorial which has been tranfmitted to me 
 by their Excellencies, the Admiral, com- 
 manding the fleet, and the Minifter Pleni- 
 potentiary of His Majefty, affords us the 
 opportunity of eftablilhing this Union in 
 the manner beft adapted to the benefit of 
 both Nations, and to the honour of His 
 Majefty. I cannot better make known to 
 you their Excellencies fentiments than by a 
 faithful tranilation of their Memorial, 
 
 The nature of the prefent Addrefs does 
 not permit me to enlarge upon the benefits 
 of this Union, which tends to conciliate the 
 
 moft
 
 [ 58 ] 
 
 moft extenfive political and civil liberty 
 with perianal feeurity. You are conTinccd 
 of thefe truths, and will regulate your con- 
 dud: accordingly. I neverthelefs avail my- 
 felf of this opportunity to declare to you, 
 that, in taking the Englilh Conftitutlon for 
 your model, you will proceed upon the mofl 
 folid principles, that philofophy, policy and 
 experience, have ever been known to com- 
 bine for the happinefs of a great people, 
 referving to yourfelves the power of adapt- 
 ing them to your own peculiar fituation, 
 cuftoms, and religion, without being ex- 
 pofed hereafter to the venality of a Traitor, 
 or to the ambition of a powerful Ufurper, 
 
 A matter of fuch importance ought, ne- 
 verthelefs, to be difcufled, and agreed to 
 by you, in a General AfTembly ; at which I 
 entreat you to afTift by your Deputies, on 
 Sunday, the 8th of the enfuing month of 
 June, in the City of Corte. The Provifiona^ 
 Government will then fuggeft to you the 
 fonp and mode of the ele«^ions, 
 
 I be^
 
 [ 59 ] 
 
 I befeech you to imprefs yourfelvas with 
 the great importance of the affairs on which 
 you have to determine ; and, on that ac- 
 count, let it be your care to feled perfons 
 of zeal, and acknowledged probity; and, 
 as much as may be in your power, repu- 
 table heads of families, interefted in good 
 Government and the profperity of the 
 Country. Let moderation and propriety of 
 conduct prevail in your Aflemblies ; that np 
 perfon among you may have the mortiii-' 
 cation to remark any diforder in the moft 
 happy moment w^hich has occurred in the 
 courfe of our revolutions, and in paffing 
 the moft important Ad: of Civil Society. 
 In the mean time, let every man fuggeft 
 whatever he may conceive moft ufcful 
 to the country, in order to communicate 
 bis opinion to the Nation legally repre* 
 fented and affembled, 
 
 Corfica is now juftly regarded by Foreign 
 powers as a Free Nation ; her refolutions 
 YfiXly I hope, be fuitable to hej fituation, 
 
 and
 
 [ 6o J 
 
 and dictated by wifdom and by a love for 
 tKe publick good. 
 
 With reipedt to myfelf, my dearly be- 
 loved Countrymen, after having devoted 
 every moment of ray fife to your happinefs, 
 I fhall efteem myfelf the happieft of man- 
 kind, if, through the means I have derived 
 &om your confidenee, I can obtain for our 
 Country the opportunity of forming a free 
 and lafting Government, and of preferv-* 
 ing to Corfica it's name, it's unity, and it's, 
 independence, whiJft the names of the 
 Hei'oes, T\^ho have fpilt their blood in it's 
 fupport and defence will be, for future ge- 
 nerations, objects of noble emulation and 
 grateful remembrance. 
 (Signed) Pasquale de Paoli^ 
 
 ViBory, Bafiia Roads^ 
 
 j4pril2iy 1794. 
 S I R, 
 YOUR Excellency having been pleafed 
 to reprefent to us, on behalf of the Cor- 
 
 fican
 
 lican nation, tliat the intolerable and per- 
 fidious tyranny of the French Conveiitiea 
 having driven that brave people to take up 
 arms in their own defence, they were de- 
 termined to fhake off altogether the unjuft 
 dominion of France, and to aflert the right 
 of a. Free and Independent Nation ; but be- 
 ing fenfible that their own efforts might be 
 infufhcient to contend with France, or other 
 powerful nations, who might undertake 
 hoftile attempts againfi: them, and confiding 
 implicitly in the magnanimity and princely 
 virtues of His Britannick Majefty, and in 
 the bravery and generofity of his people, 
 they were defirous of forming a perpetual 
 Union with the Britifh Nation, under the 
 miild and equitable Government of his Ma- 
 jefty, and his SuccefTors, for the better pro- 
 tection, and for the perpetual fecurity and 
 prefervation of their Independence and 
 Liberties: And your Excellency, having on 
 thefe confiderations, folicited, in the name 
 of the people of Corfica, His Majeily's 
 prefent affiftance, and His Royal protection 
 in. time to come, we took the fame into cur 
 
 moil
 
 C 64 1 
 
 moft Terious confideration ; and knowing 
 His Majefty's gracious and afFedionate dif- 
 pofition towards the Corfican Nation, and 
 his readinefs to contribute in every way^ 
 which is confiftent with juftice and the in- 
 - terefts of his fubjeds, to the happinefs of 
 that brave people ; and being inverted with 
 fufficient power for that purpofe, we de- 
 termined to comply with your rcqueft, and 
 Kave accordingly furnifhed the aid of His 
 Majefty's Naval and Military Forces in the 
 Mediterranean, towards expelling the com- 
 mon enemy from the Ifland of Corfica. 
 
 We have lince been honoured with more 
 fpecial powers and authority to concert with 
 your Excellency and the people of Corfica ; 
 and finally to conclude on His Majefty's 
 behalf, the particular form and mode of 
 relation which fhall take place between the 
 two Nations. 
 
 It is with the moft lively fatisfadion we 
 acquaint your Excellency, that we have it 
 in command from His Majefty to aflent, on 
 
 hi^
 
 t 63 3 
 
 Ills part to fuch a fyftem as will cement tKc 
 Union of our two Nations under a common 
 Sovereign, and, at the fame time, fecure 
 for ever the independence of Corfica, and 
 the prefervation of her ancient Conilitution, 
 Laws, and Religion. 
 
 With whatever fatisfadion His Majefty 
 has gracioufly affented to propofitions, 
 which promife, perhaps, for the firft tim-e, 
 not only to afford to this ifland the prefent 
 bleffings of tranquillity and peace, and a 
 fudden increafe of profperity and wealth, 
 but alfo to eftahlifh it's national indepen- 
 dence and happinefs, on a fecure and lafting 
 foundation. His Majefty is, however, de- 
 termined to conclude nothing without the 
 general and free confent of the people of 
 Corfica. 
 
 We therefore requeft your Excellency 
 to take the proper fteps for fubmitting thefe 
 important matters to their judgment, and 
 as the fmall number of the enemy, at pre- 
 fent invefted by the Britifh and Corfican 
 
 troops
 
 [ 64 ] 
 
 troops, and which muft foon either be de- 
 ftroyed or yield to fuperior force, can no 
 longer give any uneafmefs to this country ; 
 but the freedom and deliverance of Corfica 
 is in effedl accomphfhed, we beg leave to 
 fubmit to your Excellency, whether it may 
 not be defirable to take the earlieft meafures 
 for terminating thefc interefting concerns, 
 and for adding a formal fandlion to that 
 Union which is already eftablifhed in the 
 hearts of all our countrymen. 
 
 We have the honour to be, &c, 
 
 Tqv W Hood, 
 
 ^bigne ) Gilbert Elliot. 
 
 His- Excellency General PaolL 
 
 TRANSLATION. 
 
 THE General Council charged with 
 the provincial Government of Corfica to 
 
 the
 
 [ 6s ] 
 
 the Municipal Officers, Curates of Parifbes, 
 and their Fellow-Countrymen. 
 
 Beloved Countrymen^ 
 The God of Armies, Protedor of the 
 moft Juft Caufe, has favoured your efforts. 
 
 The audacious army, whofe fury and 
 violence was excited by the impious faction 
 which propofed to itfelf to abolilli all order, 
 cuftoms, and religion, in Europe, will 
 Jhortly be removed from our territories. 
 
 To fecure a more fpeedy fuccefs. Pro- 
 vidence has given you the fupport of a 
 powerful Nation, accuflomed to refped: 
 laws, and a legitimate power, which has 
 generoufly affifted you to extricate your- 
 felves from the tyrannical anarchy of the 
 prefent Republic of France. 
 
 That Nation, and its King, offer you the 
 advantages of a lalling Union and conflant 
 protection. 
 
 F The
 
 [ 66 ] 
 
 The happy influence of our glorioiiS 
 countryman, General de Paoli, added to 
 the refoUrces of his genius, and excited by 
 the dangers of his own country, have acce- 
 lerated this happy eveftt : In fliort, brave 
 Corficans, we are free. 
 
 By our conftancy, fifmnefs, andcouragej^ 
 We ha-ve acquired the enjoyment of the ad- 
 vantages we inherit from our Ancellorsj 
 Liberty and Religion* 
 
 However, it would be but little to have re- 
 gained this noble fucceffion, if our efforts and 
 prudence were unable to fecure it for ever. 
 
 To infure the fiiccefs of thofe efforts, 
 and to dire£t our prudence, a perfect Union 
 is neceffary ; our general refblutions muft 
 be formed with a view to our prefent fitua- 
 tion and our future expe£tations. 
 
 The Corficans miift therefore prefcrlbe 
 the form of Adminiftration and Govern- 
 ment they chiife to adopt, enunciate, of 
 
 approve
 
 [ 67 ] 
 
 approve of; and the principles on which it 
 is to be eftablifhed, or on which their Le- 
 giflation is to be fixed. 
 
 Finally, beloved Countrymen, the moil 
 important object is a fpeedy Union of the 
 people, and the laft A£t of the Provifional 
 Adminiftration you adopted, ordains us 
 to fupport the paternal and patriotic in- 
 tentions of General de Paoli. 
 
 In this invitation we can give you but a 
 faint idea of the important fundtions you 
 will confide to your Reprefentatives in the -) 
 
 next AfTembly ; however, you no doubt 
 know the indifpenfible neceffity of adopting 
 meafures for the maintenance of internal 
 tranquillity, and of a form of Government 
 adapted to our cuftoms, powers, and fitua- 
 tion ; and finally to the various relations 
 that will hereafter be eftabliflied between 
 Corficans ; The Englifh Nation and their 
 King feel, even more than others, the ne- 
 ceffity that fuch Deputies fliould be ap- 
 pointed among our countrymen as fliall 
 have given evident proofs of their patriot- 
 ifm, and of their defire to ^3. with a 7xal 
 F 2 adequate
 
 [ 68 ] 
 
 adequate to the nature and importance of 
 their miilion, for eftabUfhing and fecuring, 
 by the new order of things, not only for 
 the prefent, but in future, public felicity. 
 This laft con^- ^ ?ration, in cafe you are fen- 
 fible of it, will, we are in hopes, deter- 
 mine you to prefer one of the moft re- 
 fpedable heads of Family, in each of your 
 refpective communities, as a Reprefenta- 
 tive on fuch folemn and important occafions 
 in Council. 
 
 In this Union, which will form the moft 
 memorable crifis of our annals, the objects 
 muft be treated wdth'that form and order 
 due to the dignity of the Reprefentatives of 
 a free people. 
 
 The ancient AfTemblies of our Nation, 
 at the time of the glorious government of it's 
 deferving General, were only compofed of 
 one Deputy from each Community. Find- 
 ing it necefTary to avoid the inconvenience 
 of repeated elecftions, we have thought it 
 expedient, in this circumftance, to invite 
 you to adopt this ancient cuftom ; chiefly on 
 
 reflecting
 
 [ 69 ] 
 
 refleding, that as harveft Is approaching-, 
 the abfence of Chiefs from their families, 
 added to the expences of the journey and 
 the time fpent in the eleflion, would be of 
 prejudice to their affairs and domeftic in- 
 terefts ; the people will therefore eftabliOi 
 conftitutionally the number of it's Repre- 
 fentatives for the fucceffive Re-uuions, 
 
 The zealous and good Citizens will, how- 
 ever, be enabled to lay before the Council 
 their knowledge of all important fubjeds, 
 which will be taken into confideration and 
 difcufTed accordingly, but they will have no 
 part in its deliberations. 
 
 The General Council therefore invites 
 all Communities of Corlica to affemble on 
 Sunday, the lirft of June ; each to appoint, 
 according to the form of eledion hereunto 
 annexed, it's Reprefentative at the General 
 Council ; and the General Aflembly of the 
 Clergy to take place on the Sunday follow- 
 ing, the eighth of June. 
 
 F3 The
 
 t 7° ] 
 
 The Municipal Officers, aiid parifhes of 
 the refpecftive communities, are charged 
 with the publication and diftribution of both 
 General Paoli's Circular, and this. 
 
 Corte^ May 9, 1794. 
 
 For the General Council of 
 the Government. 
 ■(Signed) 
 
 [A ^reat number of Names.] 
 
 FORM OF ELECTION. 
 
 IN the year of 1794, oh the ifl: of June.^ 
 in the Parifli-Church of the Community 
 of , ufual place for the General 
 
 Meeting of the Clergy. 
 
 We N. N. N.* the Inhabitants of the fai(} 
 Community, exceeding the age of twenty- 
 
 * Here all names of fuch perfons as fhall be prefent 
 at the Meeting will be affixed. 
 
 five.
 
 [ 71 ] 
 
 five, being legally united by virtue of tbe 
 circular letter v^rote, on the iftof May, by 
 his Excellency General de Paoli, and the 
 one wrote by the Provincial Government on 
 the 9th of the fanie nionth, duly publifhed, 
 to appoint a Deputy, w^ho is to be a Repre- 
 fentative at the General Council of Corfica, 
 to be held on the 8th current; we have 
 chofen as our Prefident Mr. N. „ the moft 
 proper j^rfon, among thofe aflembled, who 
 knows how to write, and who has appointed 
 as his Secretary Mr. hj. 
 
 In fuccefHon to the fald appointment, 
 the majority of votes is given in favour of 
 Mr, N. , father of a family, who has 
 
 been duly eleded by the prefent AfTembly, 
 and proclaimed Deputy ; and untp him w^ ^ 
 give the power of concerting and treating, 
 with the other Reprefentatives of the Nation, 
 pn the trania(^ions that will in future ta'ke^ 
 place between Corfica and His Majefty the 
 King of Great Britain, and the Engiifh Na- 
 tion : as likewife on fubjeds of public utir. 
 }ity, contained in the aforefaid circular letter. 
 
 F 4 And
 
 t 72 ] 
 
 And the prefent verbal procefs has been 
 regiftered and depofited in the Chancery of 
 this Community ; and a copy given to ferve 
 him, the faid Mr. N. , Deputy, as a 
 full power and certificate. 
 
 N. Prefident. 
 N. Secretary, 
 Firm of the General Council. 
 CoTTONi, Vice Prefident. 
 MusELLi, Secretary. 
 
 TRANSLATION. 
 
 WE the Reprefentatives of the Corfican 
 Nation, free and independent, lawfully 
 aflembled in a General Meeting, poflefl^ed 
 of a fpecial authority to form the prefent 
 Conftitutional Adl, have unanimoufly de^ 
 creed, under the aufpices of the Supreme 
 Being, the following Articles ; 
 
 CHAP,
 
 I 73 3 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Of the Nature of the Confiitutlon^ and sf 
 the Conftitiited Powers, 
 
 ART. I. The Conftitution of Corfica is 
 Monarchical, according to the following 
 fundamental laws. 
 
 ART. 11. The Legiflative Power is vefted 
 in the King, and in the Reprefentatives 
 of the People, lawfully ele<^ed and 
 convened, 
 
 ART. III. The Legiflature, compofed of 
 the King and of the Reprefentatives of the 
 People, is denominated the Parliament; 
 the Affembly of the Reprefentatives of 
 the People is named the Houfe of Par- 
 liament ; and the Reprefentatives are 
 ililed Members of the Parliament. 
 
 CHAP.
 
 I 74 3 
 
 CHAPTER 11. 
 
 Of the Mode of EleBia?is^ the Number cf 
 Members^ and the Functions ofF^arliament, 
 
 ART. I. The Temtory ihall be divided intq 
 pieves (diftrids) each of which fhall fend 
 two Members to Parliament, The town^ 
 on the coaft, of which the population 
 jQiall amount to 3000 fouls and upwards^ 
 have the right of fending two Member^ 
 each to Parliament. The Bifhops who 
 
 difcharge the duties of their See in Cor- 
 fica, and are recognized as fuch by the 
 Corfican Nation, fh^Il be Members of 
 Parliament. 
 
 ART. II. The Members of Parliament fhal| 
 be elected by all the Corfican Citizens of 
 twenty-five years of age, who fhall have 
 been refident at leaft one year in the 
 pieve, or in the town, and who are 
 poffefTprs of land. 
 
 ART.
 
 [ 75 ] 
 
 ART. III. No perfon fhall be elected a 
 Member of Parliament, unlefs he pof- 
 fefTes at leaft 6000 livres in land in the 
 pieve, which he is to reprefent, and 
 and pays taxes in proportion to this pof- 
 feffion, and unlefs born of a Gorfican 
 father, and bona fide an inhabitant, hav- 
 ing kept houfe five years in the faid pieve, 
 and until he has arrived at the age of 
 tv\renty~five. 
 
 ART. IV. Lodgers, except thofe who are 
 inmates for life, perfons employed in 
 coliediing the revenue, the receivers and 
 collectors of taxes, thofe who have pen- 
 fions, or who are in the fervice of a 
 foreign power, and priefts, cannot be 
 Members of the Houfe of Parliament. 
 
 ART. V. The form of eledion fliall be de- 
 termined by the laws. • 
 
 ART. VI. If a Member of the Parliament 
 dies, or becomes incapable, according to 
 law, of being a Member of Parliament, 
 
 3 another
 
 [ 76 ] 
 
 another Member fhall be eleded by hi« 
 pieve, within fifteen days, by the King's 
 authority. 
 
 ART. VII. The Houfe of Parliament has 
 the right of enacting all the ads which 
 are intended to have force of law.. 
 
 ART. VIIL The Decrees of the Houfe of 
 Parliament fhall not have force of law, 
 tmlefs they receive the King's fandtion» 
 
 ART. IX. Any Decree that has not pafTed 
 the Houfe of Parliament, and received 
 the King's fandion, fhall not be looked 
 upon as law, nor carried into, execution 
 
 as fuch,. 
 
 ART. X. No impofition, tax, or publick 
 contribution fhall be laid without the conr- 
 fent of Parliament, or without being 
 fpecially granted by it. 
 
 ART. XI. Parliament has the right of im- 
 peachment, in the name of the nation, 
 
 of
 
 [ 77 ] 
 
 of every agent of government, guilty of 
 prevarication, before the Extraordinary 
 Tribunal, 
 
 ART. XII. The cafes of prevarication fliall 
 be determined by the laws. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Of the Duration and Convocation of 
 Farliament, 
 
 ART. I. The duration of on^ Parliament 
 fliall be two years. 
 
 ART. II. The King may dilTolve the Par^ 
 liament. 
 
 ART. in. In cafe of a dlflblutlon of Parlia- 
 ment, the King fliall convene another 
 within forty days. 
 
 ART. IV. Thofe perfons who were Mem- 
 bers of the diflblved Parliament may be 
 
 eleded
 
 [ 78 ] 
 
 eledied Members of the fucceeding 
 onei 
 
 Art. V. If the Parliament expires without 
 being difl'olved, another fhall be called 
 by the King's authority within forty 
 
 days, 
 
 ART. VI. The King may prorogue the 
 Parliament. 
 
 Art. VII. The Parliarhent cannot be con- 
 voked or aifembled but by the King's 
 command. 
 
 ARTi VIII. The interval between the con- 
 vening of the Houfe and it's prorogation j 
 or if it be not prorogued Until it's diffo- 
 lution ; or if it be not difTolved until it's 
 expiration ; is to be called the Seffion of 
 Parliament. 
 
 ART. IX. The Vice-Roy, or, in cafe of 
 illnefs, the Commiffioners nominated by 
 him for that purpofe, fhall open the 
 
 SefTions
 
 V 79 1 
 
 Seflions in perfon, and declare the rea- 
 fons for convoking the Parliament. 
 
 ART*. X. The Parliament may adjourn it- 
 felf and re-aflembie during the fame 
 Seflion, 
 
 ARTj XL The Houfe Ihall decide Upon 
 the contefted eledions of it's Members. 
 
 ART, XII. The Members of Parliament 
 fhall not be fubjed: to arreft or imprifon* 
 ment for debt during the continuance of 
 their reprefentation. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 On the Mode or Deliberation^ Freedom of De- 
 bate^ and Internal Regulations of Par- 
 liament» 
 
 ART. I. After the opening of Parliament 
 by the Vice-Roy, or by his Commif- 
 fioners, as is herein before mentioned, 
 the oldell Member Ihali take the Chair ; 
 
 and
 
 t 8c 1 
 
 anc! the Members prefent having eleded 
 a Provifional Secretary, amongft them- 
 felves, fliall proceed to the choice of 
 a Prefident, and of one, or more Se- 
 ci^etaries. The Secretaries Ihall not be 
 ehofen from among the Members, and 
 may be difmiffed by a vote of ParUa- 
 ment. 
 
 ART. II. The Parliament aflembled, in all 
 the cafes before mentioned, has the power 
 of debate, and of pafling bills, whenever 
 above one half of it's Members are 
 prefent. 
 
 ART. III. Every Member eleded, and not 
 appearing, fhall have notice from the 
 Prefident of the Houfe, to repair to his 
 poll within fifteen days. 
 
 ART. IV. In cafe of non appearance, or of 
 not fending a lawful excufe, fatisfadtory 
 to the Houfe, fuch Member fhall be 
 condemned to a fine of 200 livres. 
 
 ART.
 
 [ 8i ] 
 
 ART. V. Parliament may grant leave of 
 abfence, or permit the abfence of fuch 
 Members who folicit it, provided more 
 than one half of it*s Members remain 
 prefent. 
 
 ART. VI. Every propofition made in Par- 
 liament fhall be decided by the majority 
 of the Members prefent ; the Prefident, 
 in cafe of an equal divifion, fhall give the 
 calling vote. 
 
 ART. VII. The forms and procedures of 
 enacting laws, and of determining other 
 matters in the Houfe, which may not be 
 fixed by the prefent Conftitution, fhall be 
 regulated by the Houfe itfelf. 
 
 ART. VIII. The King's fandion, or the 
 refufal of it, fhall be announced in perlbn, 
 by the King's Reprefentative in the Houfe 
 of Parliament, or by a fpecial commifTion 
 in cafe of licknefs. 
 
 G ART,
 
 [ 82 ] 
 
 ART, IX. The form of the fandion Ihall 
 be, The King approves ; that of refufal. 
 The King will examine j the bills fanc- 
 tioned by the King are named, Ad:s of 
 Parliament. 
 
 ART. X. No Member of Parliament fhall 
 be called to account, or punifhed by the 
 King's fervants, for the opinions manifeft- 
 ed, or the dodlrines profefTed, in the 
 Houfe, or by any other authority what- 
 ever, except by that of the Houfe itfelf. 
 
 4 
 ART. XI. The Prefident of the Parliament 
 
 has the right of calling to order any of its 
 
 Members when he may think proper. 
 
 The Houfe may cenfure, arreft, and im- 
 
 ' prifon, any ox its own Members during 
 
 the feffion. 
 
 CHAPTER
 
 [ 83 ] 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Upon the Exercife of the Executive Power* 
 
 ART. I. The King fhall have his immediate 
 Reprefentative in Corfica, with the title of 
 Vice-roy. 
 
 ART. II. The Vice-roy fhall have the power 
 of giving his fandtion or refufal to the 
 decrees of Parliament. 
 
 ART. III. He fhall, moreover, have the 
 power to perform, in the King's name, all 
 the Ad:s of Government which are within 
 the limits of the royal authority. There 
 fhall be a Board of Council and a Secre- 
 tary of State, nominated by the King ; and 
 mention fhall be made in the Vice-roy's 
 orders, that he has taken the opinion of 
 * the faid Board of Council, and thefe orders 
 fhall be counterfigned by the Secretary. 
 
 G 2 ART.
 
 [ 84 ] 
 
 ART. IV. The nation has the right of peti- 
 tioning as well the Vice-roy as the Houfe 
 of Parliament. The conftituted and ac- 
 knowledged corps of the law may petition 
 in a body, the other corps in their indi- 
 vidual capacity only; and a petition fliall 
 never be prefented by more than twenty 
 perfons, however numerous may be the 
 fignature to it. 
 
 ART. V. The Houfe of Parliament may 
 addrefs the King to recall his Vice-roy ; 
 in fuch cafe the Houfe fhall addrefs His 
 Majefty in His Privy Council aflembled : 
 The Vice-roy fhall be obliged to tranfmit 
 the addrefs to the King, upon the requi- 
 fition of the Houfe, within the term of 
 fifteen days after fuch requifition ; and 
 the Houfe may itfelf tranfmit it to the^ 
 King, even through the channel of a de- 
 putation : but, in any cafe, the Houfe 
 is bound to prefent to the Vice-roy, 
 fifteen days previous to the departure of 
 the addrefs, a copy of the fame, and of 
 the papers which are to accompany it. 
 
 4 ART,
 
 [ 85 3 
 
 ART. VI. The King has the cxclufive di- 
 redion of all militarv arrangements, and 
 is to provide for the internal and external 
 fecurity of the country. 
 
 ART. VII. The King declares war and 
 makes peace. He fhall not be authorifed, 
 however, in any event, nor on any ac- 
 count whatfoever, to give up, alienate, or 
 in any manner prejudice, the unity and 
 indivifibility of Corfica and its depen- 
 dencies, 
 
 ART, VIII. The King ihall appoint to all 
 the offices of Government. 
 
 ART. IX. The ordinary employments of 
 juftice, and of the adminiftration of the 
 public money, fhall be conferred upon 
 natives of Corfica, or perfons naturalized 
 Corficans, in virtue of the laws. 
 
 G % CHAPTER
 
 C S6 3 
 
 CHAPTER VT, 
 
 Of judicial Proceedings^ and of the Divjfion 
 of the Tribunals. 
 
 ART. I. Juftice fhall be executed in the 
 King's name, and the orders carried into 
 execution by officers appointed by him, 
 in conformity to the laws. 
 
 ART. II. There fhaJl be a Supreme Tri- 
 bunal, compofed of five Judges and the 
 King's Advocate ; and this fhall be fta- 
 tionary in Corte. 
 
 ART. III. There fhail be a Prefident and a 
 King's Advocate attached to every other 
 new jurisdidlibn. 
 
 ART. IV. The functions of the faid refpec- 
 tive tribunals, their adminiftration, and 
 the emoluments, fhall be determined by 
 law. 
 
 ART.
 
 [ 87 ] 
 
 ART. V. There fliall be in every pieve a 
 Podefta (Magiftrate). 
 
 ART. VI. In every Community there Ihall 
 be a Municipality, named by the people, 
 and its functions fhall be regulated by the 
 laws. 
 
 ART. VII. Crimes, which deferve corporeal 
 or ignominious punilhments, fhall be 
 tried by the Judges and a Jury. 
 
 ART. VIII. The King has the power of 
 granting pardon, in conformity to the 
 fame regulations under which he exercifes 
 this prerogative in England. 
 
 ART. IX. All civil, criminal, commercial 
 caufes, and thofe of every kind whatfo- 
 ever, fhall be terminated in Corfica, in 
 the firfl and laft inflance. 
 
 G 4 CHAPTER
 
 [ 88 ] : 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Of the 'Extraordinary 'T'ribunah 
 
 ART. I. There fhall be an Extraordinary- 
 Tribunal, compofed of five Judges, ap- 
 pointed by the King, and commiffioned 
 to judge upon any impeachment from the 
 Houfe of Parliament, or upon all charges, 
 made on the part of the King, of prevari-s 
 cation or other treafonable tranfad:ions. 
 
 ART. IL The nature of the faid crimes, 
 and the form of trial, fhall be determined 
 upon by a fpecial law ; but a Jury fhaU 
 be allowed in every cafe of this fort. 
 
 ART. III. The Members of the Tribunal 
 fhall not aflemble but in cafes of impeach- 
 ment by the Houfe of Parliament, or by 
 the King; and, immediately after judg- 
 ment given, they Ihall be obliged to fe« 
 parate. 
 
 CHAPTER 
 
 "S^
 
 r [ ^9 ] 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 Of Perfonal Liberty^ and of the Liberty of 
 the Prefs, 
 
 ART. L No perfon fliall be deprived of his 
 liberty and property but by fentence of 
 the Tribunals acknowledged qy the laws, 
 and in the cafes and according to thq 
 forms prefcribed, 
 
 ART. II. Whoever fhall be arrefted, or 
 placed in confinement, fhall be conduded, 
 within the term of twenty-four hours, 
 before the Competent Tribunal, in order 
 that the caufe of his detention may be 
 adjudged according to law, 
 
 ART. III. In cafe of the arreft being de- 
 clared vexatious, the perfon arrefted will 
 have a right of claiming damages and in- 
 tereft before the Competent Tribunals, 
 
 ART,
 
 [ 90 J 
 
 ART. IV. The Liberty of the Prefs is de, 
 creed ; but the abufe of it is to be 
 amenable to the laws. 
 
 ART. V. Every Corfican Ihall have the 
 power freely to depart from his country, 
 and to return to it with his property, con- 
 forming himfelf to the regulations and 
 ordinances of General Police, obferved in 
 fuch cafes, 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Of the Corjican Flag aiid Navigation, 
 
 ART I. The ftandard fhall bear a Moor's 
 head, quartered with the King's arms, ac- 
 cording to the form which fhall be pre- 
 fcribed by His Majefty. 
 
 ART. II. The King fhall afford the fame 
 protediion to the Trg.de and Navigation 
 of the Corficans as to the Trade and 
 Navigation of his other fubjeds, 
 
 ART,
 
 [ 91 ] 
 
 ART. III. The Corfican nation, deeply pe- 
 netrated w'th fentiments of gratitude to- 
 wards the King of Great Britain and the 
 Englilh nation, for the munificence and 
 prote<Stion which it has always enjoyed, 
 and which is now, in a more fpecial 
 manner, fecured to it by the prefent Cor^- 
 ftitutional AO:, 
 
 Declares, That it will confider every at- 
 tempt which in war, or in peace, fhall 
 be made to promote the glory of His 
 Majefty, and the Interefts of the empire 
 of Great Britain in general, as its own; 
 and the Parliament of Corfica will always 
 manifeft its readinefs and deference to 
 adopt all regulations, confident with its 
 prefent conftitution, which Ihall be en- 
 acted by His Majefty in His Parliament 
 of Great Britain, for the extenfion and 
 advantage of the external commerce of 
 the empire and of its dependencies. 
 
 CHAPTER
 
 [ 92 ] . . 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Of Religion, 
 
 ART. L The Catholick, Apoftollck, Roman 
 Religion, in all its evangelical purity, ftiall 
 be the only national religion in Corfica. 
 
 ART. II, The Houfe of Parliament is 
 authorifed to determine on the number 
 of Parifhes, to fettle the falaries of the 
 Priells, and to take meafures for enfuring 
 the difcharge of epifcopal fundlions, in 
 concert with the Holy See. 
 
 ART. III. All other modes of worihip are 
 tolerated. 
 
 C H A P T E R XI. 
 
 Of the Crown and its SucceJion» 
 
 The Sovereign King of Corfica is His 
 Majefty George the Third, King of Great 
 
 Britain,
 
 [ 93 T 
 
 Britain, and his fuccefibrs, according to the 
 order of fucceflion to the throne of Great 
 Britain. 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 Of the Acceptance of the Crown^ and of the 
 Conjiitution of Corfica, 
 
 ART. I. The prefent Ad fhall be prefented 
 to His Majefty, the King of Great Bri^ 
 tain, through His Excellency Sir Gilbert 
 Elliot, His Commiflary Plenipotentiary, 
 and fpecially authorifed for this purpofe. 
 
 ART. II. In the Ad of Acceptance, His 
 Majefty, and His Plenipotentiary in His 
 name, Ihall fwear to maintain the Liberty 
 of the Corfican Nation, according to the 
 Conftitution and the Laws ; and the fame 
 oath fhall be adminiftered to His Suc- 
 cefTors, upon every fucceflion to tlis 
 throne. 
 
 ART.
 
 [ 94 ] 
 
 ART. III. The Members of the Aflembly 
 fhall immediately take the following oath, 
 which fhall be adminiftered by His Ex- 
 cellency Sir Gilbert Elliot : " I fwear 
 " for myfelf, and in the name of the 
 " Corfican Nation, which I reprefent, 
 " that I acknowledge for my Sovereign 
 " and King, His Majefty George the 
 " Third, the King of Great Britain ; 
 " to yield him faithful obedience, accord- 
 " ing to the Conftitution and Laws of 
 " Corfica, and to defend the faid Confli- 
 " tution and Laws." 
 
 ART. IV. Every Corfican fhall, in his re- 
 fpeilive Community, take the preceding 
 oath. 
 
 Done, and ilnanimoufly decreed, and after 
 three readings, on three fucceeding days, in 
 the General AiTembly of the Corfican Nation, 
 in Corte this day, 1 9th June 1 794, and in- 
 dividually figned in the aifembly of all the 
 Members of which it is compofed. 
 
 Signed by above four hundred names. 
 
 Con-
 
 i 95 ] 
 
 Continuation of the Seffions of the i^th of 
 June 1794. 
 
 ALL the Members of the Aflembly 
 having individually figned the Conftitu- 
 tional A6t, it was propofed to prefent it 
 to His Excellency Sir Gilbert Elliot, His 
 Britannick Majefty's Commiflary Plenipo- 
 tentiary, in order that it might be accepted 
 by him in His faid Majefty's name. The 
 Aflembly having adopted this propofition, 
 decreed, That the faid proportion fhall be 
 made by a deputation of twelve Members, 
 who were chofen and commiffioned for this 
 purpofe. 
 
 After which, the Deputtltion having ex- 
 ecuted the commillion afligned to them, re- 
 entered the Hall, and with them the faid 
 Sir Gilbert Elliot. The Members of the 
 Aflembly flood up, during which he ap- 
 proached the Prefident, and pronounced the 
 following acceptation : 
 
 I, the
 
 [ 9^ ] 
 
 t, the underfigned Baronet, Membei" of the 
 Parliament of Great Britain, Member of the 
 Privy Council, and CommiiTary Plenipoten- 
 tiary of His Britannick Majefty, having full 
 power, and being fpecially authorized for 
 this purpofe, do accept in the name of His 
 Majefty George the Third, King of Great 
 Britain, the Grown and Sovereignty of Cor- 
 fica, according to the Conftitution, and to 
 the Fundamental Laws contained in the Adt 
 of a General AfTembly, held at Corte, and 
 definitively fettled this fame day, the 19th 
 of June, and as fuch offered to His Majefty 5 
 and, in His Majefty's name, I fwear to main- 
 tain the Liberty of the Corfican Nation, ac- 
 cording to the Conftitution and to the Laws. 
 
 The prefent acceptation and oath is by us 
 figned and fealed. 
 
 (L. S.) Gilbert Elliot. 
 
 The faid acceptation and oath being read, 
 the faid Sir Gilbert Elliot propofed to the 
 Prefident, and to the Aflembly, the Confti- 
 
 tutional
 
 [ 97 1 
 
 tutional Oath ; and this was taken by them 
 in the following words : 
 
 *' I fwear for myfelf, and in the name of 
 
 *' the Corfican Nation, which I reprefent, to 
 
 " acknowledge for my Sovereign and King, 
 
 *' His Majefty George the Third, the King 
 
 " of Great Britain, to yield him faithful 
 
 *^ obedience, according to the Conftitution 
 
 " and the Laws of Corfica, and to maintain 
 
 ** the faid Conftitution and Laws," 
 
 The Conftitutional AGi being entirely 
 completed and finifhed, the Prelident ad- 
 journed the Seflion, and figned the above, 
 as did alfo the Secretaries, thf^ year, month, 
 and day abovementioned. 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 Pasquale De Paoli, Prefident. 
 Carlo Andrea Pozzo Di Bargo, 
 
 Secretary. 
 Gio Andrea Muselli, Secretary. 
 
 H TRANS-
 
 I 98 ] ' ] 
 
 ' TRANSLATION. 
 
 Speech made in the General AJfefnhly ofCorfica 
 on the Acceptation of the Crown and CoU" 
 Jlitiition of that Ijland^ by His Excellency 
 Sir Gilbert Elliot, 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 IN availing myfelf, for the firft time, in 
 the midft of the Corfican Nation, of the pri- 
 vilege of calling you Brothers and Fellow- 
 Citizens ; a reflection, v\^hich will naturally 
 occur to every one, excites in me the moll 
 heart-felt fatisfadion. Independent of the 
 reciprocal political advantages v/hich we may 
 derive from fo clofe a connection, I fee, on 
 the prefent occafion, every thing that can 
 render it more precious and more eftimable 
 by the fentiments of confidence and of aifec- 
 tion, the firfl and pure principles of our 
 union, which they will ever continue to 
 cement and confolidate. 
 
 This
 
 [ 99 ] 
 
 This remarkable truth, which it is im- 
 poffible to overlook, cannot be mentioned 
 without a ftrong emotion of fenfibility and 
 joy. Our two Nations have, for a long 
 period, been diftinguifhed by a reciprocal 
 and remarkable efteem. Without antici- 
 pating the happy end to which this inftinc- 
 tive partiality, this fympathetic attradlion, 
 may fome day lead us, we have given to 
 each other inftances of confidence on every 
 occafion ; yet no relations have hitherto 
 fubfifted between us, except thofe of reci- 
 procal and voluntary good offices. Our 
 minds have been prepared by Providence 
 for the fate which awaited us ; and the 
 Divine Goodnefs, intending our union, has 
 ordained that it fhould be anticipated and 
 brought about (if I may fo exprefs myfelf ), 
 by a fnnilarity of character, and by a con- 
 formity of views and principle, and, above 
 all, by a pleafmg exchange of friendly fer- 
 vices. 
 
 This facred compadl, which I received 
 
 from your hands, is not a cold and intercfted 
 
 H 2 agreement
 
 [ 100 ] 
 
 agreement between two parties who me^t 
 by accident, and form a contrad founded on 
 the impulfe of the moment, or on a felfilh 
 and temporary policy — No ; the event of this 
 happy day is only the completion of wifhes 
 we had previoufly formed; to-day our hands 
 are joined, but our hearts have been long 
 united, and our motto fhould be» Amici & 
 non diventura. 
 
 However feducing this profpe£k of our 
 happinefs may appear, I truft (and it is im- 
 portant for us to know it, as we afTuredly do) 
 that it does not depend on fentiment alone ; 
 but that it refts on the folid bafis of the true 
 interefts and permanent felicity of the two 
 Nations. 
 
 I will not mention to you the interefts of 
 Great Britain upon this occafion ; not that 
 they are of little confequence, but being of a 
 nature purely political, the fubjed: would be 
 too cold, too dry, for this important day. 
 Befides, it is not neceifary, on this occafion, 
 to appreciate them in detail I ftiall confine 
 4 myfelf
 
 [ «oi J 
 
 myfelf to this remark, that every poffible ad- 
 vantage which Great Britain could have in 
 view from her union with Corfica, is eflen- 
 tially attached to your political and abfolute 
 independence of every European Power; 
 and that thefe advantages are not only com- 
 patible with your interefts, but cannot for 
 the moft part exift, and ftill lefs flourifh, but 
 in proportion to your profperity. . 
 
 On your part, what is necefTary to render 
 you a happy people? I will tell you in 
 two words, Liberty at home and fecurity 
 abroad. 
 
 Your Liberty will not be expofed to any 
 encroachments from a Monarch, who, by 
 his own experience, and the example of his 
 anceftors for feveral generations, is perfuaded 
 that the liberty and the profperity of his 
 people is the only foundation of the power, 
 the glory, and the fplendour of the throne. 
 A King who has ever governed according 
 to the laws, and whofe fceptre is at once 
 ftrengthened by the privileges, and embel- 
 H 3 , lifted
 
 [ I02 ] 
 
 Iiflied by the happinefs of his fubjeds- 
 Here I might expatiate on the auguft vir- 
 tues of that Monarch whom you have chofen 
 for your own ; but they are known to all 
 his fubjeds : You will therefore become ac- 
 quainted with them by a happy and certain 
 experience, and this teftimony will be far 
 more faithful than my weak voice. 
 
 It would not, however, be right, that your 
 Liberty Ihould depend folely on the perfonal 
 virtues of the Monarch. You have there- 
 fore been careful to enfure it by the wife 
 Conflitution and fundamental Laws of our 
 Union, which, in my opinion, conftitute fo 
 effential a part of the Ad you prefent to me 
 this day, that I could not (without violating 
 the confidence repofed in me by my Sove- 
 reign) agree to a fyflem which might 
 have degenerated into tyranny ; a condition 
 equally unfavourable to the happinefs of him 
 who exercifes it, and of thofe who endure it. 
 
 If His Majefty therefore accepts the 
 Crown, which you have agreed to offer him, 
 
 it
 
 [ I03 ] 
 
 it is becaufe he is determined to proted, and 
 never to enflave thofe from whom he re- 
 ceives it ; and, above all, becaufe it is given, 
 and not feized upon by violence. 
 
 For external fecurity, you wanted nothing 
 but the conftant and ad:ive alliance of a 
 maritime power. This adl enfures it to you ; 
 and whilft you enjoy at home peace and 
 tranquillity, which the enemy will no longer 
 be able to interrupt, you will fhare with us 
 the treafures of trade and the fovereignty of 
 the feas. 
 
 From this day therefore you are quiet and 
 free. To preferve thefe bleflings, you have 
 only to preferve your ancient virtues, 
 courage, and the facred love of your coun- 
 try. Thefe are the native virtues of your 
 foil ; they will be enriched by thofe which 
 accompany our union, and which you will 
 derive from our induftry, from our long ex- 
 perience (that true fource of political wif- 
 dom), and from our love of Liberty, at once 
 enthufiaftic and enlightened. I fpeak of 
 . H4 that
 
 r 104 ] 
 
 that Liberty which has for its obje<3: to 
 maintain your civil rights and the happinefs 
 of the people ; not to ferve ambition and 
 vice : That Liberty which is infeparable 
 from religion, order, refpedl for the laws, 
 and a facred regard for property, the firft 
 principles of every human fociety ; that 
 Liberty which abhors every kind of defpo- 
 tifm, and efpecially that moft terrible of all 
 defpotifm which arifes from the unreftrained 
 violence of the human paffions. Such are 
 the virtues which belong both to you and to 
 us ; on their happy mixture and influence on 
 each other depends the profperity of Corfica, 
 Immediate Liberty, and a progreflive and 
 increaiing profperity. Such is the text ; 
 to which I hope and venture to predid, that 
 our behaviour to each other, and our com- 
 mon deftinies, will always prove a faithful 
 and a fatisfadory illullration. 
 
 Number
 
 t i°5 ] 
 
 2^umher oftheJurifdi5fionSi Fiefs ^ Villages ^ Families t 
 and Inhabitants) in the whole IJland of Corfica. 
 
 
 Vil. 
 
 Fam. 
 
 Inh. 
 
 Capo Corfo, 
 
 lo 
 
 
 f- 
 
 
 P,C 
 
 0410 
 
 Ti9.fk 
 
 
 5 
 
 53^ 
 
 
 Fief of Caneri 
 
 
 
 f,,9 
 
 
 
 ^45 
 
 
 Jurifdidlion 
 
 4 
 
 227 
 
 
 Of Baftla. 
 
 
 
 
 
 95 — 
 
 "473 
 
 
 Of Nebio 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^4- 
 
 ^^77 
 
 5H^ 
 
 Of Aleria. 
 
 
 
 
 
 34 
 
 
 9°^7 
 
 Of Corte, 
 
 71 ••.. 
 
 7728 
 
 
 
 i>^° 
 
 
 Of Cahi 
 
 n ..... 
 
 c\nfi . 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 99° ' 
 
 4421 
 
 Of Balagna, 
 
 "Cl 
 
 
 
 jU 
 
 2*34 
 
 9409 
 
 Of Ajaccio, 
 
 Cj 
 
 c 
 
 ■•••'•• 21246 
 
 °6 
 
 4050 
 
 Of La Rocca, 
 
 \ ,. 
 
 
 (^(^ 1- 
 
 or Sartene, 
 
 3 ^ 
 
 H5' 
 
 ....... &t,4^ 
 
 PfPortovecchi( 
 
 :} ^ - 
 
 
 
 and Bonifacio 
 
 57^ 
 
 
 OfVico, 
 
 
 
 <QfiQ 
 
 
 55 '"" 
 
 *°33 
 
 4"°** 
 
 QflheFiefd'Iftria, 1 1 
 
 650 
 
 2980 
 
 Total, 
 
 427 
 
 26854 
 
 120389
 
 [ 1^7 3 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 MEMORIAL, 
 
 PRESENTED TO THE 
 
 NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 
 
 Concerning the 'Exploitation of the Woods, 
 or felling of the Timber, in Corsica. 
 
 THE INTRODUCTION. 
 
 A GREAT Economy in the expenditure 
 of the ftate being one of the principal means 
 whereby the National Affembly will be 
 enabled to lighten the public burdens ; any 
 plan tending thereto cannot fail of being 
 favourably received. 
 
 The propofed alleviation does not confift 
 in the fuppreflion of ufeful employments 
 
 or
 
 [ >o8 ] 
 
 or necefiary expences, but on the contrary 
 (without requiring any previous aid from 
 the public Treafury) procures new advan- 
 tages to a confiderable portion of the French 
 nation. 
 
 The twofold advantages refulting from 
 this propofal muft necelTarily entitle the pro- 
 je(3:or to countenance and encouragement. 
 The author has only to regret that what he 
 propofes having equally in view the benefit 
 of the ftate and that of private individuals, 
 {hould be confined to a fmgle province, 
 viz. the III and of Corfica. 
 
 This ifland, the acquifition of which cofi 
 forty millions of livres, has been thefe 
 twenty years in the poffeffion of France. 
 Since that period it has annually ftood us in 
 nine hundred thoufand livres. — -Thus, fo 
 far from contributing in the leaft to the 
 maintenance of the ftate, Corfica has not 
 even been productive of a revenue equal to 
 the expcnce it has occafioned. 
 
 Independent
 
 [ log ] 
 
 Independent of the fum of fix hundred 
 thoufand livres, raifed annually in this 
 country by diredt and indirect impofts, 
 Adminiftration has been under the necefhty 
 of remitting annually nine hundred thou- 
 fand livres from France ; whereof three 
 hundred thoufand were fet apart to defray 
 the civil expences; and the remaining fix 
 hundred thoufand were deftined for the 
 payment of the extra troops kept up in the 
 ifland for the fafety of this part of the 
 empire. 
 
 It is poffible, that a reduction may be 
 hereafter effected in the general expenditure 
 relative to Corfica, in confequence of the 
 new fyftem of Adminiftration which is 
 fliortly to be introduced in the feveral parts 
 of the French empire, to which the inha- 
 bitants have fo folemnly acceded. But it is 
 a matter of doubt, whether the trivial im- 
 ports, which this Province feems at prefent 
 to bear with fuch difficulty, w411 be ever 
 adequate to the defraying of it's provincial 
 expences, even fuppofmg a confiderable re- 
 duction
 
 [ IIO ] 
 
 dudion fhould take place In the civil and 
 more efpecially the military eftablifhments. 
 
 Regiments are more expenfive in this 
 Province than in any other part of the em- 
 pire. Our forces cannot, however, be 
 withdrawn, fhould even the inhabitants, 
 who certainly are very brave, take upon 
 themfelves the defence of the ifland. The 
 country w^ould be eixpofed to a great fcarcity 
 of fpecie, and be deprived of the fole means, 
 in the adlual ftate of things, of difpofing to 
 advantage of thofe provifions which their 
 feeble population cannot confume. 
 
 Thus, unlefs a new field be opened for 
 exertion of induftry in Corfica, the ifland fo 
 far from having the means of contributing 
 to the fupport of the public revenue, muft 
 neceflarily remain burthenfome to the 
 ftate. 
 
 It is, therefore, important for the nation 
 to favour and encourage every induftrious 
 effort in this Province, and to enable it 
 
 thereby
 
 [ ni ] 
 
 thereby to contribute one day to the general 
 receipts of the empire. 
 
 One of the greateft refources of Corfica 
 confifts in it's extenfive woods ; and it will 
 be proved hereafter, that, on applying the 
 produce of induftry to this article, there 
 may, in a fhort time, be raifed a fufficient 
 fum to defray the annual expences of the 
 country, which having once attained this 
 firft degree of profperity, could not fail, 
 under the aufpices of liberty, of making a 
 progrellional improvement in every refpe(^, 
 
 SECTION I. 
 
 Art. L Extent of Corjica^ and it's Woods* 
 
 The fuperficies of Corfica from the moll 
 exa(ft meafurement and ftatement, copied, 
 from the Roll Books, upon a fcale of one 
 line to five and twenty Toifcs^ which makes 
 the nine-tenths of the extent of the ifland, 
 being five hundred and forty fquare leagues : 
 it's length, in toifes, is two thoufand two 
 hundred and eighty-two. Corfica, there- 
 fore
 
 f U2 I 
 
 fore, contains two millions eight hundred 
 thoufand acres. Confidering the nature of 
 the foil, this fuperficies is divided into fe- 
 ven twentieths, or thereabouts, containing 
 nine hundred and eighty thoufand acres of 
 barren and inacceflible rocks covered here 
 and there with a few larch trees of little 
 value : eight twentieths, or one million 
 one hundred and twenty thoufand acres of 
 uncultivated and open land fit for planting 
 wood, bearing at prefent nothing but in- 
 lignificant fhrubs; two twentieths, or two 
 hundred and eighty thoufand acres of vari- 
 ous culture; and three twentieths, or four 
 hundred and twenty thoufand acres of ford 
 woods, and lofty trees, called Makisf which 
 are nearly equal to a coppice in France of 
 twenty years growth. 
 
 Art, IL Bifferent Sorts of Wood, 
 
 The foreft trees, termed Futaies^ being 
 more than one half of the Vv^hole, confift, 
 
 * The Makh confift in fmall oak-holm, arbutus, tur- 
 pentine, and juniper trees ; yew, myrtle, box of the 
 greater kind j in olive and wild fruit tret:;. 
 
 according
 
 [ »3 ] 
 
 according to fituation, of noble pines, firs, 
 and other various coniferous trees, oak- 
 holm, cork, beach, afh, and chefnut. 
 
 The proprietors of woods know, by con- 
 ftant experience, that a common coppice of 
 thirty years ftanding will give twenty cords 
 per acre : the cord is eight foot long 
 (King's meafure) by four in height and 
 three and a half in depth ; the whole 
 forming a hundred and twelve cubic feet in 
 apparent bulk ; fixty fix folid cubic feet, 
 and weighing nearly forty quintals. 
 
 It is equally clear, by common experience, 
 .lat one acre of foreft trees, inftead of giving 
 thirty cords will yield thirty fix, in propor- 
 tion as thefe trees double the term of their 
 growing ; that is to fay, trees of fixty or 
 eighty years ftanding will produce more in 
 proportion than thofe of only twenty years 
 growth. If fufFered to remain ftanding 
 beyond eighty years, foreft trees will yield 
 timber of double the value of cord wood, 
 deftined only for firing. 
 
 I ArU
 
 t "4 1 
 
 Art, 3. This Produce calculated in Cords» 
 
 The extent of the foreft trees, and that of 
 the larger Makis are, in Corfica, of a quan- 
 tity nearly equal : thefe Makis give thirty 
 cords per acre. The former fuppoling them 
 to be of only fixty years (landing, give about 
 a hundred cords ; the medium is fixty five 
 cords, by which multiplying the 420,000 
 acres of wood of all kinds in this ifland ; 
 the refult of the operation will be twenty 
 feven million three hundred thoufand cords 
 of wood deftined for fuel. 
 
 Art, IV, ^antlty proportioned to the Po" 
 pulation of the Ijland, 
 
 Before we examine the feveral ufes the 
 woods in Corfica are moft fit for, it would 
 be proper to anticipate an objedlion that 
 might be made, on the fuppofition that too 
 great a fall of thefe extenfive woods would de- 
 prive the ifland of one of it's moft necefTary 
 articles of life. My anfwer is that the real 
 quantity of this produce may be eafily af- 
 
 certain ed.
 
 certained, as the originals of the accurate 
 typographical ftatements are depofited at 
 the War Office. — This objection, therefore, 
 falls immediately to the ground. In fine, an 
 eftimate might be made by fimple analogy, 
 that there is in Corfica a vaft quantity of 
 wood and far exceeding it*s confumption. 
 In fadt, wood is a general and fpontaneous 
 production of nature ; it covers every part 
 of the earth, and man, confidering the li- 
 mited ftate of population, cannot equally 
 cultivate or apply it to the mofl ufeful 
 purpofes. Thus wood is every where 
 found in proportion to the extent of land, 
 and ever proves the inverfe of it*s popu- 
 lation. 
 
 Now in France, where there are twenty 
 four millions of inhabitants upon a furfacd 
 of twenty feven thoufand fquare leagues, 
 or a hundred and thirty five million acres, 
 which makes nearly five acres and a half 
 per head, wood cannot be faid to be fcarce, 
 though every fpccies of induftry in which 
 firing is principally inftrumental has been 
 1 2 exercifed
 
 [ ii6 ] 
 
 exercifed for ages paft. In Corfica, on the 
 contrary, where for time immemorial little 
 or no encouragement has been given to ma- 
 nufadlories, the number of inhabitants 
 fcarce amounts to one hundred and fifty 
 thoufand, upon a furface of two million 
 eight hundred thoufand acres, which bears 
 the proportion of eighteen acres and two 
 thirds per man. There muft, therefore, be 
 a very confiderable increafe of population 
 and a great fpur given to induftry, be- 
 fore the Corficans can have any real want 
 of one fourth of the wood the ifland 
 contains. 
 
 Yet as a due allowance fhould be made, 
 in proportion to the actual Itate of the po- 
 pulation of the country, it would be proper 
 to let our calculation be formed on a broad 
 fcale. 
 
 Marfeilles is fuppofed to contain more 
 
 than two thirds of the population of all 
 
 Corfica. They import here their timber 
 
 from the Coafl of Frejus, St. Topes, 
 
 I from
 
 [ "7 1 
 
 from the iflands of Corfica and St. Peter, 
 from Sardinia, Dauphine, Burgundy, 
 and from the northern parts of Europe. 
 On examining the Entry Books and com- 
 paring the Regifter of two fucceflive 
 years, it will be found that the annual im- 
 ports of this place does not exceed four 
 hundred thoufand weight of wood of dif- 
 ferent forts, which makes four quintals, 
 table weight, or three quintals and a quarter 
 Avoirdupois^ equivalent to forty thoufand 
 cords. Therefore the confumption of Cor- 
 fica eftimated at fixty thoufand cords would 
 undoubtedly be overated, it having neither 
 {hip building nor manufactories in the 
 ifland ; it's confumption, being thus con- 
 fined to the article of common firing, could 
 by no means equal that of a fingle city 
 bafking in the fun-fhine of opulence, and 
 enjoying the fullefl extent of profperity. 
 
 In order to enable Adminiftration to af- 
 
 certain the local confumption of wood in 
 
 Corfica, during the fpace of forty years, a 
 
 referve need only be made of about forty 
 
 I 3 thoufand
 
 I nS ] 
 
 thoufand acres, equal to two million four 
 hundred thoufand cords, which deduded 
 jGrom twenty feven million three hundred 
 thoufand (the fuppofed growth of the coun- 
 try) leave a remainder of five and twenty 
 million of cords applicable to the ufe we are 
 going to indicate, 
 
 yfr/, F, ExaB EJiimate of the total Value 
 of thefe Woods* 
 
 To excite in the public a defire of em** 
 ploying to the greatell advantage thefe ex- 
 tenfive woods, which have for ages fprung" 
 up, attained their maturity, and decayed, 
 without being exploited, therefore without 
 producing the leafl benefit to man, we have 
 only to appreciate it's worth : In order not 
 to be deceived in our calculation, we muft 
 view it in it's mofl difadvantageous light, 
 which is that of reducing it to charcoal. 
 Now the price of this commodity, in every 
 acceffible part of France, runs from ten fols 
 the quintal to fifty: So that the medium 
 price will be, at leafl, thirty fols per quintal, 
 
 A cord
 
 [ "9 ] 
 
 A cord of wood weighing more than 
 forty quintals, and the charcoal weighing 
 one fourth of the wood in it's original 
 ftate :* The cord of wood produces ten 
 quintals of charcoal, and twenty five millions 
 of cords give two hundred and fifty thou- 
 fand millions of quintals. Which at the me- 
 dium of thirty fols is worth three hundred 
 and fixty five million of French livres. 
 
 It may be objected that the coal is not 
 ready made and is confequently attended 
 with previous expence ; in reply to this 
 obfervation, I anfwer, that it's preparation 
 requiring no capital, and refulting from 
 the moft ruftic induftry, is a material ac- 
 qui/ition to Society^ by furnifhing employ- 
 ment to a great number of it's members, 
 who would otherwife be at a lofs for occu- 
 pation, and become more or lefs buthen- 
 fome to the ftate. 
 
 * Du HamelArt. du Charbonier, 
 
 1 4 Art.
 
 [ 120 3 
 
 Art. VI. Indujtry triples the Value. 
 
 Moreover this combuftible, called char- 
 coal, whenever it can (as is the cafe in Cor- 
 fica) be advantageoully employed in the 
 metallurgical arts, is to be confidered as a 
 mere inftrument of art, and the inflrument 
 which ferves to the exercife of any art 
 whatever, being only a part of the value 
 of what it helps to produce ; it follows, 
 with due regard to the value of wood, coal, 
 and iron taken collectively, that the two 
 hundred and fifty millions of quintals, worth 
 three hundred and feventy five millions, 
 which Corfica can furnilh with eafe, and 
 applicable to Metallurgical purpofes (of 
 which this combuftible is the main and moft 
 indifpenfible material) may prove the means 
 of an induftrious occupation of quadruple 
 value. It will appear in the fequel, that 
 the full amount thereof is, on a fair efti- 
 mation, not overated at twelve hundred 
 millions, divided by the number of years 
 
 which
 
 [ 121 ] 
 
 which ferve to regulate the feveral 
 
 terms of cutting the faid woods. In the 
 
 mean time the wood, felled in regular 
 
 progrellion, having been cleared away, the 
 
 premifes would be i^eiiewing, and in due 
 
 time would afford new rndterials for frefh 
 
 enterprifes in future, aptu fo on ad i?jjim- 
 
 tum. / 
 
 / 
 
 Art, VII. Divifion of a general Exploitation 
 to be effeSied in forty years. 
 
 It is thought that the woods in Corfica 
 do not become fit for ufe under a growth of 
 forty years 3 dividing the totality, there- 
 fore, by this term, we fhall be able to 
 afcertain the amount of the annual fall of 
 timber, &:c. throughout the ifland ; and al- 
 though, we have already fhewn, that a re- 
 ferve of forty thoufand acres fhould be 
 made for the occafional exigencies of the 
 inhabitants of the ifland; forty thoufand 
 more acres, or the tenth part of the woods 
 might be l^ft {landing eighty years, and the 
 
 immediat*
 
 r I" ] 
 
 immediate. demands for prefent confumption 
 might be taken out of the three hundred 
 and eighty thoufand acres, marked out for 
 the ax, and deftined to be cleared away 
 every fortieth year. 
 
 Art. VIII. Different ufes to be made of tb^ 
 feveral forts of JVood in Corfca, 
 
 The moft advantageous ufe that the 
 tvoods in Corfica can be put to is as 
 
 follows : — 
 
 The Makis^ a dwarf fpecies of tree from 
 fix inches to two feet round, very feldom 
 exceeds from ten to twenty feet in height 
 (French meafure) ; and is only fit for char- 
 coal and fire wood. 
 
 The Oak'hohn^ Vv^hich is the mofl abund- 
 ant of any, is from three to nine feet thick, 
 by twenty to fifty feet high. The body 
 when found will furnifh houfe timber, ribs, 
 and forky pieces of wood for the building of 
 
 merchant
 
 [ 123 ] 
 
 mercliant ftiips, fiich as vara?2giies^ fourcafSy 
 allonges de revers, pieces d'etrave, &c.'* 
 The branches and hollow trunks will fell 
 for fuel, or may be converted into charcoal. 
 
 Pines, from three feet round (If lefs in di- 
 menfion they fhould by no means be cut 
 down) to twelve by forty, to eighty feet 
 high, would ferve for large mafiing^ yard- 
 arms^ and beams ^ of a larger {vLz^Jide planks^ 
 
 * Inftead of exporting wood in it's own natural ftate to 
 Provence, where it fells but for fifty fols, there is a far more 
 advantageous mode of difpoling of the fame, which is by 
 employing it in the country for (hip building, &c. as it 
 may be beft to turn to account. Oak-holms, in Ccrfica, 
 whether ftrait, crooked, or forked, ferve conjointlv for 
 membranes, &c. The pine will furnifh the hordagesy 
 or fide planks, the font, or decking, the antemzcs, or 
 fail yards, malls, &c. The hard yew, box, and olive 
 trees ferve for the making of pullies. Wood thus em. 
 ployed, inftead of requiring a number of bottoms for it's 
 conveyance to a foreign market, would itfelF be ufefully 
 employed in exporting abroad the dlfrcrent produ6lions of 
 the ifland. Other materials, fuch as iron work for the 
 rudder, pegs, pins, &c. together with tar, for the caU 
 /Ij/og-f, or calking (the ftaylng of the feams) they are to 
 be had on the fpot. So that nothing is wanted from 
 ;ibroad, to fit out a vefTel compleat, but fails and rigging.
 
 [ 124 ] 
 
 and madriers^ a fort of plank exceeding two 
 inches in thicknefs, rafters, common boards 
 and voliges^ a thin kind of plank ufed in 
 the roofing of houfes. 
 
 Thofe trees, which are damaged* may- 
 be converted into charcoal, as likewife thofe 
 that are couronnes (grubby and ftumpy) 
 and champignonnees [wr ankle d) the charcoal 
 made from thefe trees, if intermixed with 
 that of the oak-holm, may be of infinite 
 ufe, in the manner I am going to fhew. 
 
 SECTION II. 
 Art, L Iron Forges, 
 
 The beft and moft profitable way of 
 employing wood in Corfica would be the 
 fupplying the forges with fuel. What is 
 felled and hewn into timber, being fold by 
 the cubic foot is not more produdive, in 
 point of gain, than what is reduced on the 
 fpot to charcoal and confumed in the forges. 
 
 • The country people apply fire to the roots, in order 
 to fet the turpentine a running. 
 
 This
 
 [ 125 ] 
 
 This obje£t, indeed, is of a very limited 
 extent. In fine, what is exported to Pro- 
 vence for firing, though it fells well and 
 yields a profit of thirty per cent, would 
 turn to a better account in furnifliing fuel 
 for the domeftic forges. Therefore, it is ob- 
 vious, that this is the main objed, and con- 
 fequently that which ought defervedly to 
 have the preference. 
 
 Art, IL 'The Catalonian Forges, 
 
 The mod ferviceable forge in Corfica is 
 that fpecies which is generally ufed in the 
 ifland, greatly refembling the Catalonian 
 forge. It differs from the high forges ufed 
 in France, for working mineral fubflance 
 of an inferoir quality, and which they are 
 obliged to run into pigs, as in Burgundy, 
 Berry, Nivernois, Franche Comte, Lor- 
 raine, Champagne, and Normandy, where 
 the mines are commonly of a fandy and 
 gravelly nature, yielding no more than 
 fifteen or twenty pounds of forged iron to 
 the quintal. 
 
 Art^
 
 E »i6 ] 
 
 Art, in. Companfon between the Catalonian 
 Forges and the High Fiir?iaces, 
 
 The ereding the high furnaces and other 
 adjacent buildings generally coft eighty 
 thoufand livres. The quantity of forgeci 
 iron which they are enabled to produce is 
 thirty quintals per day ; but from a variety 
 of accidents they are liable to, thefe furnaces 
 are fubjed; to frequent interruption during 
 the year. 
 
 Two Cktalonian forges yielding nearly 
 the fame quantity of forged iron per day, 
 coft at m.oft from ten to twelve thoufand 
 livres ; if built on the befl: conftiTidtion will 
 be lefs expofed to the inconvenience of occa- 
 fional interruption. 
 
 By the procefs of high furnaces, each 
 pound of forged iron requires fix or feven 
 pounds of coal. According to the Catalonian 
 procefs carried to the higheft perfedion in 
 Rouffillon, and Foix, three pounds only, 
 or at mofl three pounds and a half are con- 
 5 fumed 
 
 i
 
 [ 127 ] 
 
 fumed in producing one pound of faleable 
 iron. Thus there is a manifeft economy 
 in the article of fuel, being one half lefs ; 
 befides a confiderable reduftion of more 
 than five fixths in the prirnary expences 
 in forming the eftablifhment. 
 
 Thefe forges have another advantage ; 
 which is, that without any extraordinary 
 procefs, a part of the iron therein worked, 
 that is to fay the furface of the Majj'cts^ or 
 lumps, is fpontaneoufly converted into na- 
 tive fteel, or ftrong iron, double in value to 
 the interior part which is of a fofter quality, 
 and which is generally a twentieth or a 
 twenty fifth part of the whole. 
 
 This procefs, however, is only applica- 
 ble to flinty mineral, that abounds in metal. 
 Experiments have been made in Foix 
 with the Berry Mineral^ but without fuc- 
 cefs *. Corfica, though not in the adual 
 
 poireiTioii 
 
 • Thefe experiments have been very carefully made, 
 tinder the infpeftion of the Baron de Dietrich, Member 
 «f the Academy of Sciences, at the Marquis de Gudane's 
 
 forges.
 
 [ .28 ] 
 
 pofleffion of this produdion, within it's own 
 territory, has the advantage of being able to 
 procure, on eafy terms, from the ifland of 
 Elbe, a kind of mineral, which is fitter than 
 any to be worked according to the procefs 
 of the Catalonian forges. 
 
 -^ Art, IF. 'The Iron Mine of the IJland of Elbe, 
 
 This mine is within fight of Corfica, and 
 at fifteen leagues diftance : It is one of the 
 moft confiderable Depot of exterior me- 
 tallics in the known* world. All natu- 
 ralifts agree, that it will laft for ages ; and 
 Pliny afferts, that the general foil of the 
 ifland has a metallic tendency : in this opi- 
 nion, he is backed by the general obferva- 
 tions of antiquity. The rocky mineral, 
 
 which 
 
 foro-es, in the Province of Foix, by Mr. Vergnies de 
 Eouirchere, the molt ingenious proprietor of forges in 
 that Canton, where iron works are brought to fuch per- 
 feftion. 
 
 ** • It has been obferved on the approach of a ftiip, 
 " that the magnetic virtue of this mineral is fo great that 
 «• it deranges the compafs.'* 
 
 27.£ Translator.
 
 (• <29 J 
 
 Vhich It produces, is one of the richeft iri 
 Europe, as it frequently gives feventy five 
 pounds of piire metal per quintal, and never 
 lefs than fifty. Another excellent quality, 
 in it's nature, is that it's metal is lefs affeded 
 hy the mixture and adhefion of heteroge- 
 neous fubftance : befides it is of eafy fufion, 
 and contains abundance of unmcorporated 
 fulphur^ a fmall quantity oi fulphur of iroriy 
 oi Jilice (a flinty fubftance) and of oxtgene 
 (vital air): Sometimes it becomes a pure 
 oxide of iron ; w^hich fignifies the combining 
 of the principle of the acid with iron. It's 
 price, at the fea fide, is twenty four fols per 
 cantaro^ containing one hundred and fifty 
 pounds Genoefe weight, or one quintal 
 avoirdupois French weight. 
 
 This mineral fubftance is, of all others, 
 perhaps, the beft adapted to the procefs of 
 the Catalonian forges : for, according to a 
 long ftanding practice in Corfica, which, 
 though fmgular of itfelf, has a great analogy 
 thereto, the quantity of iron here worked 
 is but very ineonfiderable, for they ufe only 
 K charcoal
 
 [ ^3® ] 
 
 charcoal made of the chefnut, when Jea^^ 
 which confines and retards the fabrication ; 
 thefe trees being to be rnet with on the 
 Eaftern coaft alone of the ifland, and the 
 fruit ferviiig in lieu of bread, the natives 
 are naturally defirous of preferving an ar- 
 ticle fo neceffary as long as pofTible ; they 
 are, therefore, left growing till they decay. 
 This accounts for the reluctance with which 
 the chefnut tree is, in Corfica, refigned by 
 the inhabitants to the devouring flames of a 
 furnace. , 
 
 Art, V, Proccfs followed in Corfica in the 
 management of the Iron Ore^ of the IJlatid 
 of Elbe, 
 
 The mode of treating this mineral is as 
 follows :• — ^A femi-elllptic pyramid is eredted 
 with pieces of charcoal, five inches long. 
 Upon a flat area, this pile is twenty feet by 
 ten wide, and eighteen inches high, and is 
 placed before the wall, that inclofes the 
 funnel, through which the wind is conveyed 
 by a finale tube, Q^Wtd^Trompey from fifteea 
 
 to
 
 t *5« ] 
 
 to twenty feet of perpendicular height. Out-* 
 iide of this pile is placed the previoufly 
 jroafted ore, which is deftined for immediate 
 fufion; thick lumps of raw mineral, intended 
 for the fubfequent melting, furrounds the 
 Vhole and receives a firft roafting. The in- 
 fide of the pyramid is filled with other coal^ 
 Xvhich is the fuel that is to communicate 
 heat to the whole work. This again is 
 covered with a ftrong layer of coal diift and 
 cinders, in order to p;;|vent the external 
 air from penetrating. 
 
 In a fpace of three hours the broken 
 pieces of ore, which touches outwardly the 
 iialf round of charcoal, and ading in fome 
 meafure as a crucible, will be found to 
 have received a laft and more thoroucrh 
 baking than the previous one. The faid 
 ore glutinates into cakes, and the vitrifying 
 part thereof will then be in xh^f.rji fiate of 
 fufion (en laitier.) 
 
 This operation being finifhed, the.pyra- 
 
 imid 15 then demoliihed and replace4 by two 
 
 K 2 frefh
 
 t I30 ' 
 
 frefh heaps of cinders on the right and lef% 
 of the pipe, which is, as it were, buried 
 under the coal that fills this fpace. Oppofite 
 to the pipe, and as near as poflible to it, 
 the mineral cakes are now fucceffively placed 
 upon the coals. A fourth of thefe cakes pro- 
 duce, in four hour's time, a forgeable maf- 
 felet^ or lump of iron. This procefs conti- 
 nues till all the caked mineral has under- 
 gone the violent adion of an intenfe heat, 
 which ferves to clear it of all heterogeneous 
 matter ; this operation lafts for about twenty 
 hours. Thus we fee the whole procefs of a 
 melting, in Corfica, which is performed in 
 four and twenty hours : but it produces nO 
 more than two quintals and a half of fale- 
 able, or marketable, iron, or three at mofl:, 
 confuming about five quintals of raw mi- 
 neral, and nine or ten quintals of charcoal. 
 
 Art, VL Defcriptlonof the CatahnianForge^ 
 
 This fpecies of forge confifts in an open 
 room, forty feet fquare, under which a 
 furnace, or crucible, is placed, of about 
 
 two
 
 t ^33 ] 
 
 .two feet fquare, raifed a foot from the 
 ground, and fi|:ed to one of the thick walls 
 of the inclofure. A large hammer, of 
 twelve or fifteen hundred weight, occupies 
 one fide of the fquare, it is put in motion 
 by an apparatus fimilar to that ufed in the 
 refining works, and renardieres of the high 
 forges. The anvil, which is even with the 
 ground, and called thtjiock^ is fupported by 
 a hard and large ftone block, or by a col- 
 ledion oi TCizSy -parallepipeds of iron joined 
 perpendicularly, and clofed in by an under 
 ground brick-work. Acrofs the wall, that 
 forms one fide of the crucible, the pipe 
 pafles pointing downwards, and fupplies 
 the air introduced into the wind cafe by one 
 or two pipes, which in thefe forges are ufed 
 in lieu of bellows, being far more econo- 
 mical, as they do not coft one eighth of a 
 pair of bellows, eight of which are requifite 
 in the forges of high furnaces, in the re- 
 finery and heating houfes, 
 
 Thefe forges are ferved by eight work- 
 pien, viz. ^ foyer ^ a maillet^ two efcolas^. 
 K 3 two
 
 [ ^34 1 
 
 two piquemines^ and two fervans. their^ 
 pay is rated by the quantity of irorx 
 they forge or caft, fo that the price of the 
 fabrication never exceeds forty fols the 
 quintal ; and the workmen's wages are from 
 twenty to three livres, or forty fols, one day 
 with another. 
 
 ^rf. VIL Procefs or Operation. 
 
 Inflead of running the ore into pigs and 
 then melting it, till it drops fit for refineinent, 
 the procefs of thefe Catalonian forges confifts 
 in filling the fedion of the crucible, on the 
 fide of the wind-pipe, with charcoal, which 
 fmothers the tube as it vfere ; the oppofite 
 fide of the crucible is then filled up with 
 ore, previoufly roafted and broken up to the 
 fize of a nut. The fire is lighted up, the pipe, 
 is filled with wand, and, from time to time, 
 the laiticr formed from the vitrious part of 
 the ore is fet a running, which is done by 
 paffing through a hole, called the chio^ a 
 r'lngard which penetrates into the baking 
 Jubftance. In three hours the iron forms 
 
 ^ itfelf
 
 ■ f ns ] 
 
 itfelf into a maffef or loupe (heap) at the hot-, 
 torn of the crucible. This mafs, or heap, 
 IS then taken out and divided into two or 
 four 7naj]'elottes^ or parcels, which are heated 
 anew, and formed into bars by means of 
 the great hammer ; the whole operation is 
 ^ccomplifhed in fix hours time. 
 
 Art, VIIL ProduSf ions from Iron, 
 
 Thefe forges are able, every four and 
 twenty hours, to furnifh four parcels of 
 four quintals each ; but as they are liable to 
 frequent interruption, through occafional 
 accidents, fuch as the breaking of the ftorie 
 bottom of the furnace, or the necefTary re- 
 pairs of the crucible, thefe forges are fup- 
 pofed to produce two quintals per day, 
 which is feventy-two quintals per week, 
 and about three thoufand fix hundred 
 quintals per annum, 
 
 Art, IX, I'he I'rompeSy or Water Conduits^ 
 
 Thefe water conduits, fupplying the place 
 
 |>f bellows, require a fall of water which, 
 
 K 4 however,
 
 hov/ever, is eafily to be procured by meani 
 of a dyke on a rivulet, fufficient to furnifK 
 a body of water of eight or nine fedional 
 inches fquare. Thefe conduits are much 
 ufed in mountainous countries, fuch as 
 Dauphine, Rouffillon, Spanifh Navarre^ 
 Tirol, the Apennines and Corfica. 
 
 Art, X, Of Charcoal and Native ^teeh 
 
 The proper fuel for the Catalonian 
 forges is the charpoal made of the following 
 "Vvood : The oak-holm, cork, larch, pine, 
 arbutus, privet, beach and tui*pentine trees. 
 Thefe may be ufed feparately or intermixed, 
 according to the effect each of them apart 
 might produce, or on mixing; in fine, 
 according to the quality required in the {leel, 
 whether foft or hard. Certain it is, that the 
 coals made of jight and foft wood render 
 the iron foft, for which reafon they arp 
 termed y^ coal-, whereas the coal formed 
 of heavy and hard wood (as the oak-holm, 
 which weighs about ninety pounds per 
 cubic foot) is better calculated for producing 
 
 pati\^
 
 jiative fteel, or hard iron, which is fome- 
 times faulty in producing what is called rou- 
 %)eramsy (brittle) when not attended to with 
 the greateft care. But the blending thefc 
 different coals produces iron of the beft 
 quality, viz. that which unites the greateft 
 tenacity to the moft perfedl dudllity, or 
 malleability; and you may acquire either 
 of thefe qualities in a greater or lefler de- 
 gree, in proportion as the proeefs is carried 
 on with greater or lefs activity. A flow fire 
 of foft coal produces foft iron ; on the con- 
 traiy, a very fharp incelTant fire of hard 
 coal contributes much to the formation of 
 ^rong tough iron, or natural fteel ^, 
 
 SECTION 
 
 * Some feem to think, that fince they ufe the chefnut 
 wood coal in the fabrication of the iron ore brought from 
 the ifland of Elbe, and principally the coal made of the dry- 
 er dead chefnut tree, or fome other light wood ; that the 
 oak-holm or cork tree coal would by no means be proper 
 for fimilar operations. It has been obferved, that hard 
 wood naturally renders the iron brittle, and it Is fuppofed 
 this charcoal contains a phofphoric acid, which commu- 
 nicates phcfphorus to the coal itfelf in the aft of burning, 
 when it coalefces with the carbone, or the coal, di- 
 yefted of it's acid; that when the charcoal is appliei
 
 [ us 1 
 
 SECTION IIL 
 
 /frA Z T.be ^lantity of Wood that ivilljerv^ 
 for Timber y and Planks, 
 
 We have already obferved, that of the 
 four hundred and twenty thoufand acres of 
 
 wood 
 
 to a mineral body the pho/phorus therein contained, forms 
 jn the metal phojphate of iron, or what is czlhdjydente' 
 which renders jt brittle ; but it appears, on the contrary, 
 on a thorough inveftigation of the matter by MefTis. 
 Vandermonde, Bertholet, and Monge, that it is not in 
 this manner the feveral forts of charcoal operate upon iron, 
 jn the fabrication of which they are ufed. In a very in- 
 terefting Memorial inferted in the Hiftorical Accounts of 
 the Academy of Sciences for the year 1786, thefe learned 
 men gave it as their opinion, ^' that charcoal, in it's natural 
 iftate, blends with the iron in the feveral ilages of the pro- 
 cefs, and that it is which chieily tends to give a particular 
 quality to the mineral in it's ftate of fufion ; hence, chymifts 
 {a.y, fontes blanchgs (a white c^St), f antes grijis (grey caft), 
 fer forge dur (hard caft iron), Vacter malleable (malleable 
 ileal), acier intraitahle (ftubborn fteel). In fine, that the 
 fuperabundance of incorporated coal reduces it almofi: to 
 the ftate offonte gr'tfe. It feems, therefore, that charcoal 
 made of hard wood will give a much greater heat, and, by 
 precipitating the operation, form the iron ore into metaU 
 Jt is fometimes liable to combine a part of its own fub« 
 glance with the metal towards the end of the procefs, 
 
 by
 
 [ '39 T 
 
 ^ood, contained In Corfica, which Is pro* 
 pofed to be divided into an exploitation of 
 forty years ; it would be proper to referve 
 pne tenth, or forty thoufand acres, wher^ 
 
 by which means the ftetl is found to be more or lefs im- 
 perfeft. Should, however, this incnnvenience exift, is 
 there no remedy for it ? In the fame manner as charcoal 
 jnade of oak-hoim, and other hard wood, is ufed in the 
 ^igh forges on account of the fuperior heat it gives, and 
 the great adivity with which its fire melts the ore into 
 pigs. Charcoal of a fofter quality is rcferved for the 
 iinery ; that, which is of a ftronger niiture might, in the 
 Catalonian forges, where there is but one fire, be em- 
 ployed , in the beginning of the operation, which is merely 
 cpnfined to the agglutination of the ore, and railing the 
 Jieat to a proper temper, in order to A'olatilize the evapp- 
 rable fubftances, and run the vitririable ones into a fufion ; 
 towards the conclufion of the procefs foft coal would fuf- 
 fice, as nothing remains, at this Ilage of tlie bufmefs, but 
 to feparate tJie oxigene, w hich prevents the ferruginous part 
 from becopiing pure metal." Two of the authors of thi^ 
 Memorial, Mefficurs ^^andermonde and Monge, being- 
 confulted, in the prcfence of Mr. Lavoifier, on the fup- 
 pofed inconvenience attending the ufe of hard coal, 
 feemed to think thefe fears, or apprehenfions, were chi- 
 merical or groundlefs ; fuppofing, however, the operation 
 to be properly managed, agreeable to the principles of the 
 late difcoveries of the art of extradling the iron ore from 
 it's mine, and of the means of gendering it in the wiihed 
 for ilate.
 
 t HO ] 
 
 the trees might be left ftanding for the term 
 of eighty years, and the pines may be fuf- 
 fered to remain even for a longer term. We 
 fet, likewife, apart in our calculation forty 
 thoufand acres to fupply the local exigencies 
 of the inhabitants : thus deducting thefe 
 forty thoufand acres from the four hundred 
 thoufand, there remains a refidue of three 
 hundred and forty thoufand in referve for 
 exploitation, which being divided into forty 
 falls, the annual cutting, or clearance, 
 amounts to eight thoufand five hundreci 
 acres. 
 
 j^rt, IL Wood for T^imber and Flanks^ 
 
 The eight thoufand five hundred acres, 
 which may be annually exploited at fixty-. 
 five cords, the one with the other, will pro- 
 duce five hundred and fifty-two thoufand 
 cords, or their equivalent. The part of this 
 wood that may be difpofed of as timber, or 
 in the piece, and which is fold by the cubic 
 foot, is merely confined to the very beft 
 (juality, or what is moft perfe(5t throughout 
 
 thQ
 
 [ Hi 3 
 
 the difFerent Cantons, and the quality is hy 
 no means confiderable. The lofty Makh^ 
 of which the one-third confills, yield none. 
 The oak-holm and cork-trees are very apt to 
 decay interiorly or rot at heart, and fucceed 
 not in the growth ; and as for the pines, 
 they grow, for the moft part, in places fo 
 inacceflible, that the tranfporting the timber 
 in the piece from off the premifes would 
 be attended with greater expence than profit. 
 It is then computed, that wood difpofed of 
 in this manner cannot exceed one-fixth of 
 the whole, or the equivalent, of thirty-four 
 thoufand five hundred cords, which, rated at 
 about twenty cubic feet, taken promifcu- 
 ©ufly, the one with the other, in the piece, is 
 fuppofed to be the quantity of found wood, 
 that may be extraded therefrom, nearly 
 amounting in bulk to one cord. The pro- 
 duce would then be about fix hundred and 
 ■ninety thoufand cubic feet, referved for 
 timber and planks. 
 
 ^U
 
 , t u^ 1 
 
 Art, III. Fuel for Exportation^ and the ^am 
 tity oj Iron that may be annually workedi 
 with the remainder reduced into Charcoal, 
 
 The portion fet apart for fuel is likewife 
 confined to what may be advantageoufly* 
 difpofed of in the feveral maritime towns 
 of Provence, Languedoc, on the coafts of 
 Nice and Tufcany, in the gulf of Genoa ; 
 and, in fine, the Pope's teri:itory. The 
 whole amount of what is fold at thefe dif* 
 ferent m^arkets in the Mediterranean is 
 vaguely eftimatcd at a quadruple or quin- 
 tuple part of the confumption of Marfeilles, 
 which is fuppofed to be three hundred thou- 
 fand weight, or thirty thoufand cords an- 
 nually ; fo that the two above objects, 
 amounting nearly to the equivalent of one 
 hundred and eighty cords, to be dedudled 
 from five hundred, fifty-two thoufand, nine 
 hundred, would ftill leave a refidue of three 
 hundred and fixty-eight thoufand cords, to 
 be annually appropriated to the fabrication of 
 iron. Now, three hundred and fixty-eight 
 
 thoufancj
 
 [ H3 ] 
 
 tKoufand cords, producing three million, fix: 
 hundred, and eighty thoufand quintals of 
 charcoal, and the Catalonian forges not con- 
 fuming any more than three pounds and a 
 half, or at moft four pounds, of charcoal to 
 each pound of marketable forged iron, it 
 follows, that fomething more than a million 
 of quintals of iron may be annually forged in 
 Cerfica. 
 
 As the obje«fl; of exportation is far Icfj 
 profitable than the emolument that would 
 accrue from home confumption in the iron 
 m'anufadJtories, the hundred and fifty thou- 
 fand cords, deftined for the foreign markets, 
 might alfo be reduced to charcoal, and ap- 
 propriated to the ufe of forges, which would 
 prove an additional refource of four hundred 
 thoufand quintals of charcoal ; but then, it is 
 a matter of doubt, whether fuch aquantityof 
 iron, equal to one-half of what Sweden is 
 known to produce, could be difpofed of 
 without occafioning a confiderable fall in the 
 price. It would, perhaps, be more advife- 
 able (inftead of confining the fabrication 
 
 merely
 
 t <44 1 
 
 Jtierely to raw iron, deftined for exportatioil 
 in this its unwrought and imperfed ftate) td 
 employ a part of the fuel in giving the irori 
 fome primary form or fhape. This would 
 tend to augment the original value in the 
 difpofmg of the faid articles on exportation,- 
 as fuel on the fpot is far cheaper than it is in 
 thofe parts where the iron, in its fecond ftate 
 of fabrication, would be marketable^ 
 
 Art, IV, 'The Expences attending the Fabric 
 cation^ of Iron, 
 
 We fhall hereafter exhibit in full detail, 
 and fhew to demonftration, that the general 
 cxpences of fabricating iron in Corfica, will 
 never exceed eleven livres per quintal avoir- 
 dupois weight. By general expences is 
 meant, 
 
 1. The primary purchafe of mineral fa 
 the Ifle of Elbe. 
 
 2. The freight of the fame, including 
 lading and carriage, to Corfica* . 
 
 5 3- Th? I
 
 t H5 J 
 
 3. The conveyance by land, which is per- 
 formed either by teams, or on the backs of 
 mules, to the refpedive forges. 
 
 4. The making roads, and opening the 
 neceflary pafles. 
 
 5. The eftablifhing refervoirs of water 
 for fhe regular fupply of the channels of the 
 water-pipes, or trompes. 
 
 6. The ereding workfhops, iheds, &c. 
 for the forges. 
 
 7. The erecting of lodging-houfes and 
 magazines for the accommodation of the 
 artificers and goods. 
 
 8. The fabrication of charcoal, and the 
 conveyance of the fame to the forges. 
 
 9. The workmen's wages. 
 
 10. Beafts of fumpter and land-carriages 
 for the conveyance of forged or fabricated 
 iron tQ the place of embarkation. 
 
 L II. The
 
 ' t H6 1 
 
 1 1* The freight to the mofl confiderahle 
 commercial ports abovementioned, fituated 
 in the Mediterranean. 
 
 1 2. The falary of the fupernumeraries. 
 
 13. The unforefeen expences. 
 
 Now, as the iron of the Ifland of Elbe is 
 reckoned, if not fuperior, at leaft equal to 
 the firft quality that comes from Sweden 
 and the Province of Bifcay ; and as the 
 latter is never rated in this part of Europe 
 worth lefs than eighteen livres per quintal^ 
 avoirdupois weight, it is clear, that there 
 will be -in Corfica a profit of fix or feven 
 livres upon iron in its rough ftate, exclufive 
 cf what would immediately accrue there- 
 from in its fecond ftate of fabrication, which 
 would- depend entirely on the non-exporta- 
 tion of fuel to foreign markets, and on the 
 extraordinary fupply of waters in the Ifland, 
 fufficient for the working the neceffary 
 machines or engines. Thus the general 
 profit of Corfican iron may be eftimated at 
 fix millions annually. 
 
 We
 
 [ 147 ] 
 
 Wc lliall further dcmonftrate, that wood 
 for timber and planks, which fells at from 
 forty to feventy fols the cubic foot, Hears a 
 profit of at leaft twenty fols per cubic foot ; 
 and that the fix hundred and ninety thoufand 
 cubic feet, which Corfica can thus furnifh, 
 will produce more than fix hundred and 
 ninety thoufand livres clear profit. 
 
 It will likewife appear in the fequel, that 
 fire-wood exported, which always fells in 
 Provence from fifty to fixty fols per weight 
 (the tenth part of a cord), bearing above one 
 livre profit per weight ; the five hundred and 
 fifty thoufand cords that may be appropriated 
 to this ufe, producing one million five hun- 
 dred thoufand weight, would yield above a 
 million five hundred thoufand livres. 
 
 Thus the three articles abovementioned, 
 viz. forged iron, wood for timber, and fuel, 
 will evidently produce above eight millions. 
 
 Now, as the faid profit of eight millions 
 
 implies a fecondary emolument, at leafl 
 
 double the amount, which would tend to 
 
 L 2 the
 
 [ H8 ] 
 
 the general advantage of the country, the 
 refult of the whole is an acqulfition to fociety 
 exceeding four and twenty millions annually, 
 whether termed value, produce, labour, or 
 emolument. 
 
 Be it obferved, that thefe advantages ac- 
 crue from the application of general induftry 
 to objeds hitherto difregarded and totally 
 negleded. 
 
 SECTION IV. 
 
 Art. 1. A detailed Application of this Syjlc?n 
 confined to the 'Exploitation of one particular 
 Canton* 
 
 IN order to give a juft idea of the expence 
 and profit attending the due exploitation of 
 the feveral forts of wood that grow in Cor- 
 fica, we will now apply, in a detailed man- 
 ner, this general fyftem, to one particular 
 Canton ; on which fpot it is propofed to 
 ^llow a fingle company of adventurers, that 
 chufe to embark in the undertaking, to make 
 
 the
 
 [ H9 ] 
 
 the experiment, at their own coft and rifk, 
 whether of profit or lofs. Their efTay will 
 ferve as an example for the encouragement 
 of the reft of Corfica. Locality may, un- 
 doubtedly, caufe fome variation as to the 
 application of this plan, in the different 
 parts of the Ifland, which are more or lefs 
 ftocked with wood, which are more or lefs 
 accefhble ; in fine, which are more or leis 
 diflind from the fea-coaft. It is, however, 
 polTible, by a trial of this nature, to form an 
 adequate idea of this bufinefs. Refults 
 better calculated will be obtained by analogy, 
 than by the vague reckonings of fimple 
 theory. 
 
 Art, IL Domaine of Galeria, 
 
 The territory propofed for exploitation 
 forms a part of a certain jurifdi6:ion of 
 ninety-one thoufand acres of land belonging 
 to the crown, known by the name of the 
 Domaine of Galeria^ fituated on the weftern 
 coaft of the Ifland, 15, 000 toifes to the fouth 
 of Fort Calvy, which is the neareft inhabited 
 L 3 fpot.
 
 f ^5o ] 
 
 fpot. It reaches eaftward from the fca to 
 the foot of the mountains of Niolo, that lie 
 weftward, bearing a like extent of nearly 
 fifteen thoufand toifes. 
 
 In this direction, which is that of its 
 greateft dimenfion, this territory is divided 
 in two nearly equal parts by the river, or 
 torrent, Santa Maria della Spofata, formed 
 by the feveral waters that pafs through the 
 Gorges (ftraits), which compofe the beach or 
 Concha of Galeria. The heights, that bound 
 the Concha^ being in the form of a long ex- 
 tended horfe-lhoe, terminate in the gulf of 
 Galeria, where there is a tolerable fafe har- 
 bour, fufceptible of great improvement at 
 little or no expence. In its prefent ftate, 
 this bay is fufficiently capacious to receive 
 fecond-rate merchantmen. This Canton is 
 nearly the hundred and fortieth part of the 
 whole fuperficies of Corfica, and contains 
 about the fortieth part of its woods *, 
 
 The 
 
 * It may not be improper to give here a fhort Hiftory of 
 this Domaine; as it was the occafion of a difpute, that will 
 
 bfl
 
 [ ^5^ ] 
 
 The river Galeria, or della Spofata, at 
 the diftance of nearly four thoufand five 
 
 hun- 
 
 be neceflkrily fubmitted to the decifion of the National 
 Aflembly by its Committee of Crown Lands. In the year 
 1704, the Republic of Genoa had granted as a Copyhold to 
 a Nobleman, called Luigi Sattli, the lands of Paratella, Mar- 
 ■folino, Galeria, Filaforma, and Sia, that contain an extent of 
 territory of ninety-one thoufand acres, now called the 
 Domaim of Galena. The conditions of this Copyhold- 
 Tenure were to build habitations to a certain amount, and 
 eftablilh a certain number of Colonifts, with the exprefs 
 claufe of forfeiture, after a few years, upon the non-per- 
 formance of the abovementioned conditions. Not a fingle 
 article of the agreement was fulfilled, on account of the 
 oppofition formed by the inhabitants of the Pie^ve de Niolo, 
 as is afferted by thofe who are in the pofTeffion of the rights 
 of the late Luigi Sauli, Be it as it will, the Republic of 
 Genoa, in 1709, declared the right of Copyhold forfeited ; 
 and, in 1 7 1 7, granted the faid lands to the inhabitants of the 
 aforefaid neighbouring Pie-ve. The terms of this new Copy- 
 hold were very fimple and eafy ; confifting only in the pay- 
 ment of a Canonic Fee of four hundred livres, Genoefe 
 money, making nearly three hundred and twenty livres, 
 French. This new grant waj, however, fubjeft to imme- 
 diate forfeiture on the non-payment of the faid fee for Cwo 
 fucceffive years. 
 
 It does not appear that the Niolins ever paid this fee* 
 and ever fince the year 1729 they have been almoft at per- 
 petual war with their then Sovereign. Thus have they con- 
 tinued 
 
 L4
 
 [ 15^ 1 
 
 hundred tolfes from the place where it 
 empties itfelf into the Tea, previous to its 
 
 water- 
 
 tinued to enjoy their forfeited Copyhold by force, which, 
 agreeable to the conditions of the tenure, they had loft all 
 right to long before the infurredlion in 1729. 
 
 During a calm in 175 1, the power of the Republic being 
 then in full vigour, a new Aft of Copyhold was paiTed con- 
 cerning the Lands of Galeria. They were again granted 
 to the Pienje de Niolo, fubjedt to the fame claufes and exac- 
 tions as in 1717. The Niolins made good their payments 
 the two firft years ; but, in the year 1756, upon the break- 
 ing out of a frefh infurreftion, they negledied to pay the 
 ftipulated contraft, although there were feveral intervals of 
 tranquillity from that time to 1768 and 1769, when France 
 became poflefled of this Ifland. In 1771, the re-union of 
 this Domaine to the Crown was declared and fmce accepted 
 by the Pie-ve de Niolo, which tranfcribed this regulation 
 upon the Regifter of their Community in 1773, requefting 
 only of the Superintendant of the Crown Lands the liberty 
 of pafture for their cattle, offering to pay a certain fum in 
 lieu of arrears. They further made a tender of paying 
 annually, in future, the fum of four hundred livres, French, 
 till Government ihould think proper to difpofe of thefe 
 lands by frelh grants, for which they (the inhabitants of 
 the Pieve) would folicit. The Superintendant at the fame 
 time promifed to back their Petition. This Agent was 
 afterwards difavowed by Government. The Niolins never 
 paid but nine hundred livres, being the one-half of what 
 the arrears were rated at ; and, r.otwithftandirg they offered
 
 watering the plain, pafles immediately 
 betwixt two rocks perpendicularly cut, 
 
 thirty- 
 
 to pay annually the current Canonic Fees, they have totally 
 neglefted to fulfil this voluntary obligation. Being in the 
 aftual enjoyment of the feveral advantages derivable from 
 the pofleflion of the premifes, the inhabitants of the Pie've 
 fhould have made good their feveral payments, in order to 
 flop all purfuit on the part of the plaintiff; but they pre- 
 tended, or alledged, as a pretext for their not fuIfiUing this, 
 their contraft, that the Superintendant had not prefented 
 them with the ratification of the a£l (by Government) to 
 which they had fubfcribed. 
 
 In 1785, Adminiftration made a grant of Lands upon this 
 Domaine, having previoufly done the fame with rcfpeifl to 
 feveral Forefts. Hereupon the Heir of Mr. Luigi Sauli, of 
 Genoa, at the infligation of a hungry lawyer at Baflia, in- 
 ftead of commencing a fuit with the Republic, or claiming 
 an indemnification for the having defeized him of a grant 
 made in favour of his Father, commenced an immediate 
 profesution againfl the King's Domaine. Now, as the 
 Niolins entered into the enjoyment of the Copyhold of this 
 Domaine only in 1717, and afterwards in 1751, on the 
 Republic's declaring the late Mr. Luigi Sauli to be in a 
 ftate of forfeiture, they likewife became intermediate 
 parties, and propofe hereafter to prove, as principals in the 
 profecution, that they have not forfeited their right of pof- 
 felTion, notwithflanding they had violated every article of 
 the agreement, and they account for their not fulfilling the 
 iame in a platifible manner indeed J 
 
 The
 
 [^54] 
 
 thirty-fix feet in height, the diftance between 
 being alfo about fix and thirty feet ; and it is 
 
 through 
 
 The Pieve de Nlolo has a population of three thoufand 
 fouls, and polTefTes a prodigious number of cattle, but par- 
 ticularly of goats. According to its fyftem of rural ceco- 
 nomy, a vaft tradl is requifite to procure the necefTary paf- 
 ture. This is the reafon why the inhabitants are fo dehrous 
 ofpreferving the full enjoyment of the territory of Galeria, 
 which contains, as has been already obferved, ninety-one 
 thoufand acres, exclufive of the forty thoufand that are 
 contained in the Pieve. But is this fyftem of rural ceco- 
 nomy (which is confined to the increafe of goats, and to 
 the culture of a few acres for barley, in the proportion of 
 two to a thoufand at moft) the bell and moft advantageous 
 of all ? And becaufe the Niolins would perhaps be enabled 
 to breed and feed double the number of goats on a traftof 
 double the extent, (hould thefe lands be given up to them, 
 and every other means of improvement they are fufceptible 
 of negledled? In what counrtry are goats permitted to 
 graze in the plains and fertile uplands ? Are they not, on 
 the contrary, every where confined to the fummits and 
 places of difficult accefs ? I'hefe animals therefore feed 
 where no other culture could be attended to, that would 
 turn to a better account. Ought, in fine, the State to be 
 deprived of the ufe and value of the extenfive forefts and 
 woods which this Canton contains, merely to gratify the 
 •w'ifties of the inhabitants of the Fieve, who defire the ex- 
 clufive privilege of pofleffing alone the Domaine of Galeria? 
 Befides, have they either the inclination or the means to 
 avail thcmfelves of the grant, lliould it be given in their 
 
 favour ?
 
 [ 155 1 
 
 through this opening the waters run, that 
 pafs over an extent of forty thoufand acres, 
 or forty million of fquare toifes, allowing for 
 what the earth abforbs. Now, as there is in 
 Coxiica a fall of thirty-three or thirty-four 
 inches depth of water, proceeding from the 
 fnows or rain ; and as the abforption of the 
 waters is not one-half here to what it is 
 in France, perhaps not aboA'^e one quarter, on 
 account of the nature of the foil and the fteep 
 declivities of the adjacent grounds, which 
 
 favour ? It is thought not. If, however, it be any ways 
 interefling to procure to the Pie've de Niolo feme addition to 
 their pafture-grounds j it is, at the- fame time, infinitely 
 advantageous not to include, in the faid grant, woods, thiU; 
 may be particularly beneficial to the Adminiftration of 
 Corfica, and the public at large. 
 
 Such are the fadls and queftions which the National 
 Aflembly will, in its njcifdom, have to decide upon, relative 
 to the Domaine of Galeria. As the inquiry is rather of a 
 political than a judicial nature, it is highly important the 
 Afl'embly fhould determine the matter, if it wifhcs to fee 
 the falutary efFefts that would accrue from the exploitation 
 of the woods in Corfica. The fyftem propofed would foon 
 put the country in fuch a flourifhing ftate, as to enable it 
 ihortly to ceafe being burthenfome to the State. 
 
 arc
 
 [ 'J6 ] 
 
 are no where three thoufand toifes diftant 
 from thebedof therlver; it follows, that there 
 pafs, through this kind of aperture, about 
 eight million cubic feet of water, which are 
 nearly the three-fourths of four myriads of 
 cubic feet, which fall in the courfe of the year, 
 divided by three hundred and fixty-five days, 
 or about one hundred cubic feet of water 
 per fecond. The fad is, that at this pafTage, 
 there is always a depth of one foot of water, 
 and a breadth of fix and thirty, and that 
 in the greateft droughts ; but in the winter, 
 on the melting of the fnows, or the fall of 
 heavy rains, the waters frequently rife to a 
 height of twenty feet. 
 
 It may be here obferved, that nature 
 feems to point out this fpot as peculiarly 
 adapted to the forming a firft and prin- 
 cipal refervoir, as it would be neither dif- 
 ficult nor expenfive to command the ne- 
 ceffaiy waters for a fimilar eftablilhment. 
 
 In order to efFed this, it is propofed en- 
 tirely to dam up the river of Galeria at the 
 
 placjB
 
 t '57 ] 
 
 place where it pafl'es in a body betw^eentwo 
 parallel rocks, which, as it has been already 
 obferved, are thirty fix feet high, and at a 
 fimilar diftance from each other. A little 
 above this dam a canal may be formed thirty- 
 feet wide and five feet deep, and made to 
 flow a line per toife downwards, and that 
 for the continued length of lOO toifes round 
 a fmall ravin, the ftream of which empties 
 itfelf into the river Galeria, in the vicinity 
 of the two rocks ; and it is at the extremity 
 of the ravin, and near the principal river, 
 where the forges, workfhops, &c. fhould 
 be ereded. It would be advifeable to ercdl 
 tbefe buildings in fuch a manner, that there 
 might be nothing to apprehend from the 
 impetuofity of the water ; fhould the Tor- 
 rent de la Spofata exceed it's natural bounds, 
 and deftroy the precautionary works raifed, 
 by human prudence and forefight, in order 
 to contain it within due limits ; the necef- 
 fary materials being on the fpot, the works 
 fhould be eredted as folid as pofTible. By 
 means of this dyke the furface of the river, 
 fenced in on every fide where the waters 
 
 are
 
 t 158 3 - 
 
 are liigheft, will be raifed thirty feet whefei 
 they are loweft. This will furnifh the le- 
 veral pipes with a regular fupply of a hun- 
 dred cubic feet of water each fecond *. 
 
 Art, 
 
 * It would have been an objeft highly worthy the atten- 
 tion of naturalifls to have minutely obferved the wonder- 
 ful efFeft produced in the infide of the Trompes, and occa- 
 iioned by the fall of the water, from whence there arifes a 
 current of air, the intenfenefs of which is but very imper- 
 feftly meafured. It is not certain, that the moifture or 
 damp air, which pafles through the wind-pipe does not, 
 when decompofed, furnifh by contaft, with the fire in the 
 crucible, a portion of vital air, that enters about four- 
 fifths into the compofition of the water. No one yet has 
 been able to afcertaiii, whether the water, by its fall 
 into the windcafe, does not, in fome meafure, decompofe 
 the atmofpherical air which it draws with it; whether the 
 vital part of atmofpherical air is not rather drawn to- 
 wards the pipe, whereas the water that feparates would, at 
 the fame time, attraft the other aerial fluids of the com- 
 mon air, more fufceptible, perhaps, of being attradled by it? 
 or, in fine, whether the effeft produced may not be juft 
 the contrary ? There is no fure way of afcertaining which 
 has the greater influence either upon the body of air that 
 paiTes into the t\x\)C, pr upon the nature of the air itfelf ; 
 whether it is the height tlie water falls from, and it's pro- 
 portionate velocity, or the quantity of water falling from 
 a lefs height. The faft, explained, more or lefs tho- 
 roughly as to circumllances, is, that air is conveyed 
 
 into
 
 [ «59 ] 
 
 Art, IIL ^he feveral forts of Wood growing 
 in this Canton particular ifed^ and the quan-^ 
 tity cfcertained. 
 
 The wood, in this feledt quarter of the 
 domain of Galeria, may cover an extent of 
 ten thoufand acres, or a ninth part of the 
 farface of the whole domain, viz. five thou- 
 fand acres of lofty makis, or coppice, four 
 thoufand acres of forefl trees, and a thou- 
 fand acres of 'larch pines. The makis, 
 which generally occupy the bottoms or 
 
 into the channel of the pipe by the fall of water that 
 enters the body of the trompe ; there muft, therefore 
 exift a necefTary proportion between the diameter of the 
 pipe's orifice and that of the body of the trompe and the 
 height the nvater falls from. All thefe particulars muft be 
 .previoufly afcertained, and it is abfolutely impoQible to 
 carry on a complicated operation, and execute it in a Cx- 
 tisfaftory mannfer, unlefs one has fuch a perfecl knowledge 
 of the feveral elements, which influence during the procefs, 
 fo as to be able to modify the faid operation accordingly. 
 Without this previous information, the naturalift is re- 
 duced to the condition of an ignorant mechanic ; who, 
 from frequent obfervations, will often have the advantage 
 over him, whofe principles are not the immediate refult 
 ^f accurate and exadl calculation. 
 
 lower
 
 [ i5o ] 
 
 lower grounds, are a mixture of the follow- 
 ing trees : — The arbutus, privet, turpentine^ 
 birch, fmali oak-holm, juniper and the wild 
 olive. The foreft trees, which grow on the 
 femi-heights chiefly confift in the large oak- 
 holm, which the Italians call leccio^ a few 
 beech-trees, but a far greater quantity of 
 the better fort of afh, befides the pine, which 
 is found on the higher flats, and on the 
 fummits. 
 
 The produce of thefe diff*erent forts of 
 wood may, as we have obferved above, be 
 computed at fixty five cords per acre ; there- 
 fore ten thoufand acres may be rated at fix 
 hundred and fifty thoufand cords. 
 
 Art* IV. 'The different ufes the federal forts of 
 Wood may be put to. 
 
 By dividing the exploitation of the Can- 
 ton into forty yearly falls, the annual 
 clearance would fomewhat exceed fixteen 
 thoufand cords, or the produce of two hun- 
 dred and fifty acres. The wood might be 
 
 deftined
 
 L i6i ] 
 
 deftined to the following purpofes. The 
 amount of two thoufand cords might be fet 
 apart for timber and planks, which would 
 give forty thoufand cubic feet, at twenty- 
 cubic feet per cord ; fix thoufand cords 
 might be deftined for firing which make 
 lixty thoufand weight of Marfeilles, confift- 
 ing of four quintals (table weight, or three 
 quintals and a quarter avoirdupoife) ; and, 
 in fine, eight thoufand cords might be con- 
 verted into charcoal, which, at ten quintals 
 per cord, would produce eighty thoufand 
 quintals of this fort of combuRible ; a quan- 
 tity fully fufficient to work from twenty 
 thoufand to twenty fout thoufand quintals 
 of iron, in following the procefs of the Ca- 
 talonian forgesi 
 
 Art, V. Carriage-Roadsi 
 
 The "Woods, in this part of Corfica, com- 
 TRcnce at four thoufand toifes from the fea, 
 and extend as far as ten thoufand toifes up the 
 country. Being at a diftance of feven thou- 
 fand toifes from the fea, and upon the River 
 M de
 
 [ i62 1 
 
 de la Spofata, you will find yourfelf in the 
 very centre of a circle, bearing a radius of 
 three thoufand toifes covered, more or lefs, 
 with wood ; fo that feven thoufand toifes 
 are the middle ratio of the refpedive dif- 
 tances for the land carriage, or conveyance 
 to the different ports, and confequently for 
 the feveral roads or "cuts that might be an- 
 nually made, at the rate of two thoufand 
 toifes yearly. 
 
 Art, VL Exper{ces of the Roads, 
 
 The company engaged in exploiting the 
 foreft of Lonca (for the marine fervice) not 
 very far diftant from Galeria, has made fe- 
 veral roads for carriages, and jliding ones 
 (gliflbires) that penetrate from nine to ten 
 thoufand toifes up into the interior parts of 
 this foreft. The hurdle roads (gliflbires) 
 are ufeful for the conveying large pieces of 
 timber, fifty two feet long by twenty two. 
 
 The faid timber weighs near upon 1 0,000 
 pound weight, and it's principal ufe is to 
 
 form
 
 [ i63 ] 
 
 form beams for fhips of the line : thefe reads, 
 excepting the Aides, never coft mere than 
 forty fols per toife, being in width from 
 twelve to fifteen feet. Now, notwithiland- 
 ing, the nature of the ground is every- 
 where nearly alike, we ihall hereafter allow 
 fix livres per toife for the roads of Galeria, 
 and that for the three following reafons : 
 
 I ft. On account of their width being 
 eighteen feet. 
 
 2dly, Small bridges are neceifary over 
 the rivulets in the narrow pafTes ; and 
 
 3dly, There is a neceflity of making roads, 
 that are to laft forty years, more folid than 
 temporary ones, in the woods, where they 
 are only wanted for the term of two years. 
 
 Art. VIL The proper Perfo?2s to be employed 
 in the bujinefs of making and repairing the 
 Roads ^ are the following : 
 
 The Lucchefe, Parmefans, and Romag- 
 
 nols, together with other Italian peafants, 
 
 M 2 who.
 
 r JC4 ] 
 
 who, forming a body of three or four tlicn* 
 faiid labourers, arrive annually in Corfica^ 
 towards the month of Odober, where they 
 continue till May. They are handy and 
 diligent at every kind of work : and might, 
 therefore, be advantageoufly employed in 
 making and repairing the roads. The 
 natives Ihould, however, have the pre- 
 ference, and it is only on their declining the 
 tafk that foreigners Ihould be employed. 
 This is frequently the cafe, for.the Corfican 
 peafants prefer tending their cattle, befidQs 
 they do not feem lit for work of the kind. 
 The Lucchefe, &c. take away with them 
 from Corfica annually, a confiderable fum 
 in fpecie, amounting to more than three 
 hundred thoufand livres. 
 
 Out of the four thoufand toifes, from the 
 fea to where the woods begin, there exill 
 already carriage roads for three fourths of 
 the way, that is to fay, three thoufand 
 toifes ; canfecjuently nothing further would 
 be requifite the hrft year but to make a thou- 
 fand toife of new road, and three thoufand 
 
 2 of
 
 [ i<5^ ] 
 
 of hurdle ditto, in all four thoufand toifes, 
 which two hundred Lucchefe could eafily 
 accomplilh in the fpace of a month; this 
 work would coft three livres the toife, or 
 twelve thoufand livres in t)ie whole, and 
 three fmall bridges would coft a fimilar fum 
 of twelve thouland livres. Thus the total 
 expence for the roads made the lirft year 
 would amount to twenty four thoufand 
 livres. The fubfequent expences would not 
 amount to more than twelve thoufand livres 
 annually, allowing for two thoufand toifes, 
 and including the repairs of the roads al- 
 ready made. 
 
 Art, VIIL T^he conveyiiency of carriage coK" 
 "■jeyance compared with that by beajh of 
 Siimpter, 
 
 Hitherto the fole mode of conveyance 
 from place to place has been, in Corfica, on 
 the backs of mules. This practice has long 
 prevailed in the country. The neceffity, 
 however, of adopting a fpeedy and more 
 economical conveyance, points out the pro- 
 M 3 pnety
 
 [ i66 ] 
 
 priety of giving the preference to carriage 
 conveyance. This requires the eftablifli- 
 ment of good roads. Nay the fuccefs of the 
 undertaking abfolutely depending on this 
 improvement, it is an indifpenfible meafure. 
 
 The proportion between the fervice per- 
 formed by a horfe, or mule, that drags in a 
 cart, &c. and one that carries his burthen 
 on' his back is more than four to one ; thus, 
 confining one's obfervaticn to the weight 
 alone of what is to be carried, there is al- 
 ready a difference of three hundred per cent, 
 in favour of carnage conveyance, making a 
 reafonable allowance for the occafional re- 
 pairs of the roads and carriages, which al- 
 ways correfpond to the vreight or load con- 
 veyed : this is, however, a trifling charge, 
 and will require but a flight dedudion. 
 Another important obfervation is, that wood 
 proves more or leis valuable as it is more 
 cr lefs voluminous; now this advantnge is 
 1 )tl by the conveyance on the backs of 
 mules, as each piece of timber muft not ex- 
 ceed one hundred and twenty five pound 
 weight, which is half a load. 
 
 An
 
 [ i67 ] 
 
 An example taken on the fpot will ferve 
 to make this exceedingly clear. The com- 
 pany of Lonca pays to Government forty 
 fols for each larch pine, from fix to fourteen 
 feet round, and from forty to feventy high. 
 By means of the roads which have been 
 made, at the expence of one hundred and fifty 
 iivres, vefTel beams are with eafe conveyed 
 from off the premifes, that, one with the 
 other, fetched at Toulon four hundred and 
 fifty Iivres ; whereas a tree, of the fame di- 
 menfions, conveyed on the back of a mule, 
 will coft feventy five Iivres, and produce no 
 more than a hundred Iivres in planks. 
 
 It is obfcrved, that the principal or main 
 road wanted in this quarter, confifts in a 
 ftrait line of four thoufand toifes, following 
 ■ pretty clofely the courfe of the river that 
 has an eaft ward and weftward bearing. The 
 afcent is fo eafy that it fcarce can be per- 
 ceived, and the whole length of the ground 
 is nearly clear of rocks. 
 
 M 4 Art,
 
 [ i6S ] 
 
 Art, IX. Of Wainage^ or Carriage, 
 
 We have remarked above, that the dilr 
 tance of conveyance is nearly equal from 
 and to the feveral different points, being 
 about feven thoufand toifes, as well from the 
 port to the forefts, where the iron mineral 
 is fituated, as from the forefts to the port, 
 where the forged and wrought iron, together 
 with the wood, are to be fhipped oif for ex- 
 portation. This diftance, going and coming, 
 is nearly what the ovcrfeers, or infpeclors, 
 of the roads, caufeways, and bridges, moft 
 commonly rate one day's teamage at. A dou- 
 ble yoke of oxen would fuffice to each team 
 in Corfica : they would have to draw only 
 three thoufand pounds vv^eight from the 
 forefts down to the port, and five hundred 
 weight lefs up from the port to the interior 
 parts. The objeds to be drawn would con- 
 fift in fixty thoufand weight of fire wood, 
 which, at three quintals and a quarter avoir- 
 
 ilupois
 
 [ 169 ] 
 
 dupois, would be each . . . 210,000 
 Forty thoufand cubic feet of wood 
 for timber or planks, which, as 
 to weight and bulk, are equal to 
 feven thoufand four hundred 
 weight, or twenty four thoufand 
 quintals, which form . . . 24,000 
 Twenty thoufand quintals of forged 
 
 iron ..,...♦. 20,000 
 
 Total of the weight to be carried 254,000 
 
 ' Thefe two hundred and fifty four thou- 
 fand quintals make about eight thoufand live 
 hundred loads, at thirty quintals per load, 
 which it will take three hundred days 
 journey to convey ; and this may be done 
 by twenty eight or thirty teams at moft, 
 drawn by a double yoke of oxen. 
 
 A\ B. No allowance has been made of 
 the iron ore by land from the port to the 
 forges, becaufe this may be eiFe(Sled without 
 any expence, as the teams or carts that 
 ferved to convey the wood and iron to the 
 
 place
 
 place of embarkation, would otherwife re- 
 turn empty. On thefe occafions the teams 
 would not be heavily laden, having only 
 one eighth of their ordinary load. 
 
 - Art. X, T'he Freight, 
 
 The two hundred and fifty four thoufand 
 quintals, to be conveyed by fea, would, on 
 \\\z whole, form fixty three or fixty four 
 feparate cargoes for the hoys, (alleges^ or 
 large tartanes) of fifteen hundred burthen, 
 which are equivalent to four thoufand quin- 
 tals avoirdupois. As thefe cargoes would 
 be principally deftined for the port of Mar- 
 feilks^ they might be fliipped aboard i^ytn 
 hoys, which will eafily perform nine voy- 
 ages from Corfica to Provence during the 
 year. The vefTels might even go three 
 voyages more, as the cargoes are always 
 ready, and the lading may be eflecSed in 
 eight and forty hours. But limiting ' our 
 calculation to nine annual voyages ; each 
 iioy will have forty days remaining to per- 
 form a voyage of eighty leagues in, to un- 
 load
 
 [ '7' ]. 
 
 load their cargoes and return. Each voyage 
 going and coming do not require more than 
 four days for loading and unloading. So 
 that there remain thirty fix days, time fuf- 
 ficient, to perform another voyage of eighty 
 leagues, and allowing for the return of the 
 velTel, v^hich has, or may be fuppofed to 
 have fiiled one hundred and fixty leagues : 
 an allowance for this extra voyage is, how- 
 ever, only made on the fuppofition of the 
 fhip's not being detained in port by contrary 
 winds. This allowance is two thirds more 
 than is requifite for fo fhort a voyage, w^hich 
 is fometimes performed in two days : and 
 the more efpecially, if feven fhips are em- 
 ployed in the fame direction, and at the 
 fame time, either going or coming, the wind 
 when unfavourable to the one will prove 
 favourable to the other, fo that the fwift 
 failing of the one will make ample amends 
 for the tardy prcgrefs of the other ; and, in 
 fine, the crofs winds would ferve the pur- 
 pofe of both. 
 
 N. B. It has been already remarked, 
 
 "om 
 the 
 
 that the conveying the iron mineral from
 
 [ 173 ] 
 
 the Ifle of Elbe to Corfica will cofl nothing, 
 and therefore no additional charge has been 
 made for this particular article ; and that 
 for this reafon, the bottoms, that ferve to 
 convey wood and iron from Corfica to Pro- 
 vence, returning for the moft part to Corfica 
 in ballaft ; fome of them would from 
 time to time, touch at the lile of Elbe, 
 and' take in cargoes of iron ore. Ten voy- 
 ages out of the fixty three Avould amply 
 fufhce for this bufinefs. Each cargo would 
 confift of four thoufand quintals of mineral, 
 making in the whole forty thoufand quin- 
 tals which is more than fufticient for the 
 manufaifturing of twenty thoufand quintals 
 of iron. 
 
 Art, XL A detailed Lift of the different 
 Artificers and Workmen etnployed in this 
 Epcploitation, 
 
 The eftablilhment intended, by way of 
 cflliy, is to be formed on a dcferted and un- 
 cultivated piece of ground, at fix leagues 
 diftance from, any fixed habitation, where 
 there would be neither the means of pro- 
 curing
 
 [ ^n 1 
 
 curing the neceflary hands, nor food for the 
 fupport of the workmen employed ; it will 
 be neceflary to colledt together on the fame 
 Ipot, forgemen, colliers, carpenters, mafons, 
 joiners, fmiths, wheel-wrights, harnefs- 
 makers and fadlers ; carmen, bakers, chap- 
 lain, furgeon and attendants on the fick, 
 ftore-keepers and warehoufe-men, comptrol- 
 ler, clerks, &c. amounting, in the whole, to 
 two hundred perfons. 
 
 Art, XIL Accommodations for the Workmen 
 and Storc-houfcs, 
 
 A fquare building, of twenty-fix toifes in 
 front, inclofing a court of eight toifes 
 fquare, two llories high, with flore-rooms 
 over the cellars and ground-floors, would 
 fufl^ce for the accommodating two hundred 
 men with lodging, &c. A building of this 
 defcription would allow of forty-eight thou- 
 fand fquare feet for lodging, exclufive of 
 cellars and garrets. Now, as forty-four feet 
 fquare would be fufiicient for the lodging 
 each artificer, the one with the other, the two 
 hundred would occupy twenty eight thoufand 
 
 eight
 
 T 174 ] ' 
 
 eight hundred fqiiare feet on the two upper 
 {lories'; the furplus being nearly twenty 
 ihoufand fquare feet, might be referved for 
 warehoufes and workfhops, exclufive of 
 what would be requifite for the manufac- 
 turing the iron. It is calculated, that a 
 fimilar edifice would require two thoufand 
 tv/o hundred Cannes of two hundred and 
 fifty cubic pans of mafonry, or eleven hun- 
 dred cubic toifes. This would coft on the 
 fpot, materials and labour included, fixty 
 livres per toife ; otherwife, for the eleven 
 hundred toifes, fixty-fix thoufand livres ; and 
 as the mafon-work of fuch a building would 
 be very fimple and plain, it might amount to 
 fomething more than one-third of the whole 
 charge ; it follows therefore that the propo- 
 fcd edifice would coft one hundred and 
 eighty thoufand livres. 
 
 ^t'f. XIIL T^emporm-y Barracks, 
 
 The expence of ered:ing a building of 
 this extent ^t) Corfica is not the only obftacle, 
 as it would be in any other part of France. 
 
 To
 
 [ '75 1 
 
 To eredl in the Domaine of Galena, a mere 
 defert of more than fix leagues diameter, and 
 diftant from the fea-fhore four thoufand 
 toifes, a building on the above conftrudion, 
 it will require four months at lead to coUedt 
 the neceifary number of workmen, amount- 
 ing to two hundred ; thefe different artifi- 
 cers muft be lodged and put under cover 
 from the moment of their arrival. For this 
 purpofe it is propofed to befpeak at Mar- 
 feilles four and twenty barracks, of eighteen 
 feet fquare each, and fifteen high to the 
 roof; the fame to confift of two ftories. 
 Thefe barracks, conftruded upon the per- 
 fect model of thofe of the Pioneers, that 
 work at the Butte de rEtoile^ on the road 
 to Neuilly and in the environs of Verfaiiles. 
 Thefe barracks are eafily taken to pieces, 
 being formed of rafters and Hiding planks ; 
 they admit of twelve 'men eachj viz. fix 
 men on a ftory, and are fixed up in four and 
 twenty hours. 
 
 A barrack of the fort is compofed of twelve 
 dozen rafters of three inches fquare, and 
 
 the
 
 [ 176 ] 
 
 Hiding planks of one foot one, tlie whole 
 nine feet in length : thefe rafters and planks 
 coft eight livres the dozen, and will come to 
 four and twenty livres, iron and workman- 
 fliip included. So that the fifteen dozen, 
 that a barrack fit to contain twelve men is 
 compofed of, will, upon the whole, coft 
 three hundred and fixty livres ; and the 
 twenty-four barracks made complete at Mar- 
 feilles would come to eight thoufand fix 
 hundred livres. 
 
 A dozen of this fpecies of planks and 
 rafters form nine cubic feet, which, at forty- 
 jfour or forty-five pound weight the cubic 
 foot, weigh about four hundred pounds. 
 Each barrack will weigh fixty quintals ; 
 therefore the twenty-four, taken colledlively, 
 will amount to one thoufand four hundred 
 and forty quintals ; which will, on account 
 of the fpace they occupy, more than on ac- 
 count of the weight, require two moderate 
 fizcd Tartanes, The freighting of the two 
 will come to eight hundred livres. 
 
 The
 
 [ -^11 ] 
 
 The land-carriage from the port to the 
 above indicated fpot, which is four thoufand 
 toifes diftance up the country, might be per- 
 formed by fix team, of four oxen each, 
 (forming eight days journey), as there exifts 
 already a road for wheel-carriages the whole 
 length of the way. There is, however, 
 about one thoufand toifes of the way bad ; 
 that is, where it pafles through the bed of 
 the river. The road here confifts of large 
 pebble-ftones, lodged by the current of the 
 water. But this conveyance may be eafily 
 efFed:ed by mules. To carry one thoufand 
 four hundred and forty quintals, would be 
 a journey of two hundred and eighty-eight 
 days for the mules, at two journies per day, 
 and two quintals and a half per journey. 
 Two mules and their driver coft four livres 
 per day. They are eafy to be had in the 
 neighbourhood ; the carriage, therefore, 
 will be elFeded in eight days, by thirty-fix 
 mules, and will coft about fix hundred 
 livres. In fine, it follows, that each bar- 
 rack capable of lodging twelve men, toge- 
 ther with the carrying and fixing sxpences, 
 N will
 
 [ 178 3 
 
 will amount nearly to four hundred and 
 thirty livres, and the twenty-four to fome- 
 thing more than ten thoufand livres* 
 
 It muft be obferved, in order to afford 
 accommodation, for fuppofmg 200 work- 
 men, that only fixteen barracks are abfo-" 
 lutely necefTary, though the calculation was 
 fixed at twenty-four; the other eight will 
 ferve for the locking up of th-e tools and 
 provifions. After the conftrudion of the 
 above building, thefe barracks not being 
 very expenfive, may be eafily increafed 
 afterwards if wanted. They will ferve as 
 ftationary boxes in the woods, where work- 
 men are, employed, or wherefoever new 
 conftrudlions are neceffary* 
 
 SECTION V/ 
 Art. L Expences Extraordinary and Annual, 
 
 The expences of this eftablilhment may 
 be divided into two claiTes, the Jirji of pri- 
 mary advances, the fecond clafs contains the 
 annual difburfements. 
 
 FIRST
 
 [ 179 ] 
 
 FIRST CLASS. 
 
 Ar^, IL The Extraordinary Expences are 
 
 1. For the roads and bridges, 
 
 2. For temporary barracks. 
 
 3. For lodging houfes and magazines. 
 
 4. For the conftrudllon of the forges, 
 and the making a canal for fupplying the 
 pipes with water. 
 
 5. For the purchaling oxen and carriages 
 for land fervice. 
 
 6. For the furnifhing of hoys {^alleges or 
 tartanesj for the fea fervice. 
 
 The above expences are eflimated as follow: 
 
 For the making roads a length of 
 4,000 toifes, and three fmall 
 bridges, will, at three livres per 
 toife for the roads, and at 4,000 
 livres each bridge, amount in 
 the whole, as has been already 
 
 ftated 24,000 
 
 N 2 Twenty
 
 [ iSo ] 
 
 Brought over Livres (French) 24,00© 
 Twenty-four temporary barracks 
 at 430 livres each, on delivery at 
 the place of deftination, will coft 1 0,320 
 
 The ereding dwellings for the 
 workmen, together with the ne- 
 celTary ftorehoufes . . . , 180,000 
 
 To work 20,000 quintals of iron, 
 fix Catalonian forges will fufEcej 
 which, together, with the ex- 
 pence of making a canal for the 
 general conveyance of water to 
 all the pipes will coft . , , 96,000 
 
 We have already obferved, that 
 the weight of thefe different arti- 
 cles, which are to be conveyed 
 by land carriage, will amount to 
 254,000 quintals, and require 28 
 teams, to be drawn by four oxen 
 each. To this, fhould be added 
 
 Livres 310,320 
 the
 
 [ «8i 1 
 
 Brought over Livres 310,320 
 the carriage alfo from the coal 
 works to the forges of 72,000 
 quintals of charcoal, neceflary for 
 working 20,000 quintals of iron, 
 which will require four carriages 
 more, in all 32 teams. But to 
 be fure of anfwering every ex- 
 • igency of this fervice, 36 car- 
 riages and 144 oxen are abfo- 
 lutely neceflary. This at 150 
 iivrcs each.cau'iage, makes 5)4oo 
 
 And 150 livres for the purchafe of 
 
 each ox maybe rated at . '. 21,600 
 
 ^his forms a 'Total of Livres 3 3 7)3 2 o 
 
 OBSERVATION. 
 
 Tufcany will furnifh the necef- 
 fary oxen, which are far preferable 
 to horfes and mules, becaufe they 
 
 N 3 are
 
 [ IS2 ] 
 
 are cheaper and are kept at lefs ex* 
 pence. Befides in cafe of accidents, 
 or age, thefe animals have an in- 
 trinlic value. 
 
 c 
 
 The freight for fea conveyance 
 requires feven alleges or; large 
 tartanes (hoys) which will coft 
 18,000 livres each: this makes 
 altogether ....... 126,000 
 
 Add thereto the fum of . ^ . Z?)l'i?>'^^ 
 
 And the 'Total Amount of primary. 
 
 Expences^will be . , , . 463,320 
 
 N, B. Although the purchafe of feven 
 hoys is here made to amount to the fum of 
 1 26,000 livres ; the expence may be avoided, 
 not being abfolulely neceflary. For fhould 
 it be thought preferable to hire tartanes^ the 
 freight would then fall within the annual 
 expences, which will reduce the primary 
 
 ones
 
 I i83 ] 
 
 o'nes to 337,320 livres. Yet upon fecond 
 confideration, it is certainly more advan- 
 tageous to have veffels belonging to the 
 eftablifhment. In line, Ihould it be de- 
 termined on to make this primary advance, 
 the feamen's vv^ages muft be deducted, and 
 added to the account of the annual difburfe- 
 ments. 
 
 Art, IIL Annual Expence, 
 
 The expences are, 
 
 1. The intereft of the capital of extraor- 
 dinary charges of the primary eftablifh- 
 ment. 
 
 2. The making the neceflary roads for 
 facilitating and forwarding the bufmefs in 
 general of exploiting the woods in Corfica. 
 
 3. The purchafe of ore in the ifland of 
 Elbe. 
 
 4. The making of charcoal. 
 
 5. The vrages of the artificers, and other 
 workmen at the forges. 
 
 6. The wages of the wood cutters, tel- 
 lers, hewers, and fawyers. 
 
 N 4 7 The
 
 [ i84 1 
 
 7. The carmen, or team drivers' wages.. 
 
 8. The keep of the neceflary cattle. 
 
 9. The feamen's wages, 
 
 ID. The wages of the overfeers and an 
 allowance for the different unforefeen ex-^, 
 pences. 
 
 Art, IV, Intereji of the primary 
 advances. 
 
 The intereft of the capital em- 
 ployed in primary difburfements 
 ought to be rated at i o per cent. 
 
 • or confidered as a funk capital. 
 For there are feveral of the ob- 
 jects, upon which it is advanced, 
 that are liable to cafualties, bc^ 
 ing of a perifhable nature, fuch 
 as carriages, cattle, and fhipping. 
 On the other hand the buildings, 
 forges, canals, and roads are not 
 fo liable to injury, and therefore 
 conflitute a real and folid capital 
 fund, durable and permanent in 
 
 it's 
 
 i
 
 [ 185 ] ; 
 
 It's nature; fo that upon the 
 whole, the annual expence fhould 
 not be rated at lefs than . . 60,000 
 
 jirL F, The Roads. 
 
 Allowing 2,000 tolfes for the an-, 
 nual continuation of the new 
 roads, which rated at fix livres 
 per toife will be ..... 12,000 
 
 Art, VL The Ore. 
 
 The mineral of the ifland of Elbe 
 yielding more than fifty pounds 
 of forged iron per quintal ; and 
 the intended fabrication, being 
 to the amount of 20,000 quintals, 
 there will be a demand for 40,000 
 quintals of ore, which, at 24 fols 
 per quintal, will coll . • . 48,000 
 
 REMARK. 
 
 In confideration of the vaft con- 
 
 Livres 120,000 
 fumption
 
 [ 186 ] 
 
 Brought Over Livres 120,000 
 fumptlon of ore, it is highly pro- 
 bable the original proprietors of 
 this mineral fubftance may, on due 
 reprefentation, make a conliderable 
 diminution in the price. The con-, 
 fiimption of this article will be ra-r 
 ther more than lefs. 
 
 Art. VIL The CharcoaL 
 
 The making of charcoal cofts 10 
 fols per quintal, or 1 00 fols per 
 cord, which will give ten quin- 
 tals of charcoal, viz. two fols for 
 the cutting down and difpofing 
 of a fufficient quantity of wood 
 to fori^- a quintal, or 2tD fols, 
 per cord ; four fols for carriage 
 
 ^ to the cO^l works ; and four fols 
 more for the converting the 
 wood into charcoal, or 40 fols 
 per cord. In order to make 
 CO", Coo quintals of iron, the con- 
 
 120,000 
 fumptlon 
 
 i 
 
 I
 
 C 187 ] 
 
 Brought over Livres 1 20,000 
 fumption of charcoal will .be 
 72,000 quintals ; therefore this 
 article will eoll upon the whole, 36,000 
 
 Art, VIIL The Artificers ^ or Work- 
 men^ at the Forces, 
 
 It will require fix forges to make 
 20,000 quintals of iron,and eight 
 men to each forge ; in all 48 men 
 at 40 fols per day, the one wrth 
 the other ; and it is calculated that 
 the whole v/ork will take up the 
 fpace of 300. days labour 28,800 
 
 Art. IX, "The Wood-Cutters^ Pel- 
 lersy Heioersy and Sawyers, 
 
 Thefe woodmen are to cut up a 
 quantity of wood on the pre- 
 mifes, equal to 8,000 cords, ap- 
 propriating the fame to its dif- 
 ferent ufes, as has been already 
 
 Livres 184,800 
 obferved.
 
 I t8§ ] 
 
 ' Brought over Livres 184,800 
 
 obferved This work would 
 require 45 : viz. ten wood-cutters, 
 twenty fellers, and fifteen faw- 
 yers, for 300 days ; which at 40 
 fols per day, the one with the 
 other, will coft ..... 27,000 
 
 N, B. The cutting down and dif- 
 pofmg of the wood deftined for 
 firing, cofts 30 fols per cord; the 
 timber fit for houfe and Ship- 
 building, or for planks, cofts fel- 
 ling, hewing, and fawing the pines, 
 three fols per cubic foot; the 
 oak-holms, five fols, or upon 
 an average of four fols per cubic 
 foot. Sawing cofts 10 fols per 
 cubic foot, when the wood is 
 reduced into fmall planks, or. fmall 
 parcels ; but fix only, if the 
 planks are thicker, or parcels 
 larger. 
 
 Livres 211,800 
 u^rf.
 
 I J89 1 
 
 Brought over Livres 211,000 
 
 Art, X, Hhe Carmen^ or I'eam 
 Drivers, 
 
 The 2)^ carmen, or drivers for the 
 32 teams, at 30 fols per day, will 
 coft, per annum, or for 300 days 
 work ,16,200 
 
 Art, XL The keep of the Cattle, 
 
 The keep of 44 oxen, at twelve fols 
 
 per day, will coft annually . 31,526 
 
 IMPORT.^NT REMARK. 
 
 In regard to this article it is pro- 
 per to obferve, that the totality of 
 this expence would only take place 
 for the firft or fecond year at moft ; 
 and it is evident that one third of 
 the above charge might be ap- 
 propriated to the culture of natural 
 
 Livres 258,726 
 or
 
 ^ I90 1 
 
 Brought over Livres 258,726 
 or artificial meadows, where the 
 foil is good. This would furnilh 
 the neceflary provender, which has 
 hitherto been imported from Aries, 
 in Provence, on account of the 
 very great fcarcity of this article in 
 Corfica, 
 
 Art* XIL The Seajneris wages* 
 
 The hoys of 1,500 burden each, 
 amounting to three thoufand 
 . quintals of Provence weight, or 
 four thoufand avoirdupois, re- 
 quire for working each veffel a 
 crew of nine men ; viz. 
 A Captain at 150 livres per month 
 A Mate 80 do. do. 
 
 Six Sailors 40 do. do. 
 A Cabin boy 30 do. do. 
 The whole makes 500 livres 
 per month, or 6,goo livres per 
 annum. Thus the feven Tar- 
 
 Lkres 258,726 
 tanes
 
 r 191 ] 
 
 Brought over Livres 258,726 
 tanes neceflary for this fervice 
 would cofl yearly .... 42,000 
 
 It has been already mentioned, 
 that the feven vefTels, this fervice 
 would neceflarily require, could 
 perform nine voyages yearly from 
 Corfica to Provence, and return 
 as often ; in the whole we may 
 reckon 126 voyages. Suppofing 
 the company, as we faid before, 
 fhould wifh to avoid making a 
 primary advance of 126,000 
 livres, the purchafe money for 
 the faid velTels, and fliould pre- 
 fer to take in pay large traders, 
 the freight of thefe veflels, which 
 carry about 200 ton, will coft, 
 per voyage, at leaft, 800 livres 
 per veflel. According to this cal- 
 culation the 126 voyages will coft 
 1 00,800 livres annually— where- 
 as, they may be brought to coft 
 
 Livres 300,726 
 no
 
 t 192 ] 
 
 Brought over Livres 300,726 
 no more than 42,000 livres per 
 annum : this, together with the 
 intereft of 126,000 livres, would 
 make a confiderable faving, by 
 having veflels of one's own. The 
 intereft would, at leaft, amount 
 to 50,000 livres per annum. 
 
 ^rf, XIIL T!he wages for the . 
 
 Overfeers^ &c. 
 
 Befides blackfmiths, fellers, hew- 
 ers, fawyers, and drivers, there 
 would be an indifpenfable necef- 
 fity of engaging for directing 
 and fuperintending the different 
 departments in this extenlive un- 
 dertaking, (befides a number of 
 aids and afliftants to forward and 
 promote the fervice). 
 
 Livres 300,726 
 
 TO
 
 [ ^93 J 
 
 Brought over Livres 30 1 ,5 2 6 
 
 TO WIT. 
 
 Salaries, 
 A t)ire£lor General at • 6,000 
 A Sub-Diredor i i . 3,000 
 An Engineer .... 4,000 
 *rwo aids to do. the one at 
 2,400, and the other 1,600 
 livres ...it* 4,bGO 
 A Comptroller . , • 2,000 
 Two WarehoufemenyOneat 
 1,500, and the other at 
 1000 livres , , » , 2,500 
 A head Clerk and book- 
 keeper . . » . . 1,800 
 Two under Clerks, at 1^500 
 the one, and 1,000 livres 
 the other . * • * * 2,500 
 A Surgeon ... * 2,000 
 An Apothecary . . , i»500 
 A Chaplain .... 1,200 
 A Steward of the Infirmary 600 
 
 Livres 31,100 
 
 Livres 301,526 
 O A
 
 t 194 ] 
 
 Brought over Livres 3 o i ,5 2 5 
 Salaries brought over 31,100 
 A Mafter Baker . , • 720 
 A journeyman to do. • 500 
 A Superintendant of the 
 
 Teams, &c. ...... 1,200 
 
 An aid to do 500 
 
 Two Supervifors for Ship- 
 i ping and landing the 
 
 cargoes ..... 1,440 
 The Mafter General of the 
 
 Forges 3,000 . • 
 
 A Superintendant of the 
 
 Coal Works . . • 2,00a 
 A Mafter Carpenter to lot 
 
 out the feveral forts of 
 
 wood ...... 2,400 
 
 A Mafter Blackfmith . • 1,200 
 Three afliftants at 400 livres- 
 
 each . . ... . J, 200 
 
 A Mafter Mafon -♦ •. •• 1,200 
 
 Livres 46,460 
 
 Livres 301,526 
 
 Six 
 
 V
 
 f ^^95 J 
 
 Brought over Livres 301,526 
 Salaries brought over 46,460 
 
 Six journeymen to do. at 
 400 livres each . . . 2,400 
 
 A Mafter Joiner . . . 1,000 
 
 Two journeymen to do. 
 the one at 500, and the 
 other 600 Hvres . . . '1,100 
 
 A Mafter Whccl-Wright i,ooa 
 
 Two journeymen to do. 
 the one at 500, and the 
 other at 600 livres . . i,lo6 
 
 A Harnefs Maker, or Sadler 720 
 
 A journeyman to do. . . 500 
 
 A Head Gardener . . i ,000 
 
 Two under Gardeners, the 
 one at 400 livres, the other 
 at 500 livres .... 90O 
 
 Six Day Labourers, at 400 
 livres each .... 2,400 
 
 l^otal amount of the 
 
 Salaries 
 
 Livres 58,580 58,580 
 Livres 360,106 
 
 O 2 
 
 :^^-
 
 Brought over Livres 360,106 
 Art, XIV, The unforefeen Ex- 
 fences. 
 
 In fine, to make a fufEcient allow- 
 ance for contingencies, or unfore- ' 
 feen expences, fuch as journies, 
 office charges, poftage of letters, 
 purchafe of books, inftruments, 
 the making of chymical experi- 
 ments, the premiums given for 
 encouragement : thefe different 
 articles are rated at the collec- 
 tive of . . ♦ 9>894 
 
 Total Livres 370,000 
 
 We have entered into a minute detail of 
 the annual difburfements in the propofed 
 enterprife, and we find they ambunt to 
 370,000 livres. In this eftimate, is comprifed 
 the fum of 6,000 livres for the commercial 
 Intereft of the capital funk, in the extraor- 
 dinary advances made at the commencement 
 of the eflablifliment. It remains now to 
 
 eftimate
 
 [ ^97 ] 
 
 cflimate the produce of this operation, in 
 order to afcertaiu the profits arifing there- 
 from. 
 
 Art, XF, T^he Produce, 
 
 The three principal articles of produce, 
 the quantity and price of which, fuppofing 
 them delivered at Marfeilles, have been 
 fully detailed above, and are as follow : 
 
 I ft. Timber and Planks. 
 
 2d. • Wood for fuel. 
 
 3d. Iron in it's rawftate, with a due allow- 
 ance for the quantity of native fteel, which 
 confiderably enhances the value of a great 
 part of the iron. 
 
 Forty thoufand feet of timber or 
 planks, which may be obtained 
 from 2000 cords, fet apart for 
 that ufe, at 40 fols per cubic 
 foot delivered at Marfeilles or 
 any other port in th^ Meditcr- 
 rean will produce • • • • So,ooo 
 O 3 , Six
 
 [ igS ] 
 
 Brought over Livres 8o,oogf 
 Six thoufand weight of fire wood 
 form 600 cords, at three livres 
 
 per weight j 80,000 
 
 Twenty thoufand quintals of forged 
 iron at 18 livres per quintal a- • 
 voirdupois, makes, in the whole, 
 .thefumof ...... 360,000 
 
 I'ofal Livres 620,000 
 
 Art. XVL "Tbe Balance, 
 
 The" annual expencc comprifmg 
 
 ;• the neceflary fum for the rer- 
 
 imburfing the primary capital 
 
 for the extraordinary advances 
 
 makes 370,000 
 
 The annual proditee amounts to ; 62o,ooq 
 
 ■XJ ^y ' 
 
 Balance in favour of the amiual pro- 
 fits, accruing to tJ^e .Company ^ ., 
 
 . ' ^" , %jtvres 250,000 
 
 Art,
 
 [ 199 ] 
 
 ^rt, XFIL Sundry advantages accruing tq 
 the State, 
 
 From the above fum of annual profits 
 {250,000) we have only to make a reduc- 
 tion, in reality a confiderable one, but which 
 has for objed an article that the author had 
 principally in view, when he drew up this 
 Memorial, viz. the direct and immediate 
 advantages accruing to the ftate, or the de- 
 partment of Corfica in particular, from this, 
 or fimilar undertakings, that may be formed 
 in this illand. 
 
 It is the mtereft of every government that 
 individuals fliould enrich themfelves by in- 
 duftry, and by employing their refpedive 
 capit^ils in the cultivation of profitable arts. 
 But as a revenue is requifite for the main- 
 tenance of a force fufficient to preferve good 
 -order, individuals fliould contribute to the 
 formation of this revenue, by a voluntary fa- 
 crifice, on their part^, of an equal ihare of 
 . their profits*, The medium .of djred: im- 
 Q 4 polls
 
 [ 200 ] 
 
 pofts being In the kingdom the four twentU 
 eths, or the one fifth of the general revenue, . 
 the company, whofe operations have been 
 detailed above, and whofe annual profits re-? 
 fulting from the exertion of it's induftry, 
 and the advances of a very conflderable ca- 
 pital, would amount to two hundred and 
 fifty thoufand livres, ftiould contribute to 
 the Provincial Exchequer about fifty thour 
 fand, or the fifth part of its profits. Agree- 
 able to this plan it is propofed to lay a pro- 
 portional duty on the various produce 
 arifing to the company from the privilege of 
 exploiting the forefts in the ifland of Corfica, 
 
 Art* XVIIL lyuties impofed on the exports of 
 Wood and Iron, 
 
 The exploitation of the domain of Gale- 
 RIA, divided into forty years, would yield 
 an annual produce to the amount of fixteen 
 thoufand cords. Suppofing that the faid quan- 
 tity of wood was divided into three diftindt 
 partsf, and their refpedtive ufcs afcertained as 
 follows 5 viz. the amount of two thoufand 
 
 cords
 
 [ 201 ] 
 
 cords for timber and planks, which would 
 yield forty thoufand cubic feet : fix thou- 
 fand cords for firewood, and eight thoufand 
 pords to be converted into charcoal, with 
 which twenty thoufand quintals of iron 
 might be forged, 
 
 Therefore it Is propofed to impofe a 
 duty of five fols per cubic foot on 
 timber in gejieral exported from 
 Corfica, which, for forty thou- 
 fand cubic feet would produce 
 the furn of . ♦ . . . . io,oqq 
 
 Twenty fols per cord for fire wood 
 exported, would yield for fix 
 thoufand cords • • • . , 6,000 
 
 Thirty fols per quintal, of forged 
 iron, would produce for 20,000 
 qi^lnt^ls. ,♦,.,.• 30,000 
 
 T^otal Livres 46,000 
 
 This fum amounts pearly to the fifth 
 part of the profits above fpecified ; and if it 
 
 is
 
 [ 202 ] 
 
 is confidered, that, the part of the wood 
 capable of yielding fuch a revenue Is the 
 one fortieth part of the woods in Corfica, 
 it will appear, that this ifland, which 
 adually does, and moreover has for thefe 
 twenty years paft, coft the ftate the annual 
 fum of nine hundred thoufand livres, can be 
 able to fupply its own exigencies ; as its 
 annual income would amount to one mil- 
 lion, eight hundred, and forty thoufand 
 livres. Befides, this revenue being no more 
 than one fifth part of the profits of other 
 companies that might enter upon fuch an 
 undertaking, would occafionin the province 
 a circulation of ^an encreafed capital of triple, 
 pt quadruple value. 
 
 y^rf, XIX, The particular advantages accru^ 
 hig to ' the . Province, 
 
 • • • , . , _ 
 
 • " The- advantages of efiablifhments of this 
 
 tiature, if fet on foot, and feconded by due 
 
 encouragement, throughout Corfica, w^oul4 
 
 be vexy' great and extenfive. 
 
 Roads 
 
 c
 
 [ 203 ] 
 
 Roads, which are as it were the rich veins 
 of a commercial and well regulated country, 
 would, by means of thefe improvements, 
 be multiplied in every djredion, as well as 
 ■the bridges. 
 
 The Woods and moft deferted fpots 
 would be peopled with inhabitants by de- 
 grees, and become more and more accef- 
 fible and conneded. 
 
 The Waters flopped in their courfes, 
 ^nd formed into refervoirs, would .iill ths 
 .canals deftined to enable the pipes to adt at 
 the forges, in lieu of bellows ; they might 
 Jikewife ferve to irrigate the neighbouring 
 grounds ; and a country which receives, 
 from rain and melted fnows, one half more 
 water than all France put together, would no 
 longer fuffer from an abfolute want of 
 watering which is. occafioned by the rapid 
 declivity of its lands, that carry off the 
 waters from the mountains into the fea, 
 without the . inhabitants deriving the lead 
 }:)enefit: from fp manifeft an advantage. 
 
 Lands
 
 [ 204 ] 
 
 Lands hitherto negleded would improve 
 from culture, and amply repay, by a grate- 
 ful return, the induftrious farmer for his 
 pains. By giving thus a fuitable direction 
 to the v^aters, they v^rould faciUtate the 
 formation of artificial meadows, a thing to- 
 tally unknown in Corfica : yet cultivators in 
 general confider this fyftem as the very 
 eflence of rural economy. 
 
 The free circulation of air would be efl:a- 
 blifhed in the Gorges (the narrow palTes and 
 defiles of mountains) and this very air would 
 be purified by the continual fires there would 
 be over the feveral parts of the ifland. This 
 is a circumfts^nce truly important, and well 
 worth being attended to, as the country is 
 known to be very unhealthy. 
 
 If due attention was paid to the fabri- 
 cating and manufafluring of iron, induflry 
 would, in its various branches, aiTume frefh 
 vigour, and call forth the aid of many fe- 
 condary arts. This would provide ufeful 
 occupation to numbers* 
 
 A
 
 [ 205 1 
 
 A feafonable encouragement to induftry 
 would higlily favour population, and aug- 
 ment the natural relburces of the ifland by 
 givhig vent to the fale of the produdions of 
 the country. 
 
 Foreign companies, which alone are ca- 
 pable of fetting on foot an eftablifliment of 
 this nature on a large and extenlive fcale, 
 would caufe a great circulation of fpecie 
 over the different parts of the illand ; a part 
 of this fpecie might be laid out in the pur- 
 chafmg woods from thofe communities, or 
 individuals, who are of themfelves incapa- 
 ble of turning them to any advantage. This 
 arrangement would tend to enrich the one 
 and the other by ways and means, of which 
 they had neither of them entertained the 
 leaft notion. 
 
 In a w^ord, an extenfive fabrication of 
 iron, in Corfica, once eftablifhed, it would 
 be an eafy matter to eredt a number of work- 
 lliops for carrying on the feveral branches 
 of this important bulinefs j from the firft 
 c ftate
 
 ilatc, which is In pigs and barf^ the irorf 
 has to pafs progreffively through the dif- 
 ferent degrees of refinement, till it obtains 
 from the ikilful artificer, a final polifh ; af- 
 feding then the brilliancy of the diamond, 
 this metal difdains its original name, and 
 is converted into what is called fteel. 
 This is the ne plus ultra of mechanic per- 
 fe<ftion and inirenuitv. Wood and water 
 are the two eflentials in the working, of 
 iron. 
 
 The fi.nding occupation for the forefts m 
 Corfica would prove a feafonable relief ta 
 the fouth of France, where they experience" 
 at the prefent moment a great dearth of 
 wood, owing to the vaft confumption 
 which has been made of this valuable com- 
 modity of late years. 
 
 CON,
 
 [ 207 1 
 
 CONCLUSION AND PETITION. 
 
 THE UNDERWRITTEN PETITIONER 
 
 prefumes to fet forth, That, aduated by a 
 concern and /?eal for the Public \¥eal, as 
 well as his own private intereft, during a 
 refidence of four years in the ifland of Cor- 
 fica, has carefully enquired into and afcer- 
 tained the means of forming the moft ufe- 
 ful eftablifhments in the country. In fpite 
 of every natural obftaele, he finds, after the 
 moft minute inveftigation of the fubjed:. 
 That, the Woods in this Province form a 
 moft important and ineftimable objed of 
 INDUSTRY, and conftitute an intrinfic and 
 permanent resource. The under- 
 written furthermore fubmits it as his 
 opinion. That the Exploitation of the 
 Fcft."efts, the eftablilhing iron forges and 
 manufadories would prove the infallible 
 means of regenerating Corsica. 
 
 Convinced of the certainty of fuccefs ia 
 
 this, or a fimilar eftablifhment, the Peti- 
 
 2 tioner
 
 [ 208 ] 
 
 TIONER wiihes, on a liberal and extenfivsl 
 plan, to undertake the faid enterprife, at the 
 £o\Qexpence and rifi of self and company* 
 By adopting this fyftem of Adminiftration, 
 Government will be fhortly enabled to raif^ 
 a REVENUE in this Province fufficient to 
 
 DEFRAY THE EXPENCES it OCCaflOnS. 
 
 The Petitioner, therefore,- proposes, 
 by way of trial, to explojt all the great et 
 and lefTer woods (Forefis and MakisJ in the 
 Domain of Galeria, according to the 
 plan here laid down. The faid Domain ap- 
 pertains to the Crown, and is fituated on the 
 Weftern Coaft of the Ifland. He entreats 
 the NATIONAL ASSEMBLY to take the 
 premifes into their moft ferious confideration^ 
 and he (the Petitioner) humbly hopes, and 
 moft refpedfully folicits a grant, or exclu^ 
 live privilege, for the term of forty years 
 enfuing, of that extenfive Concha, (Beach) 
 which is formed by the numerous torrents 
 that difcharge themfelves into the fca, near 
 the Tower and Port of Galeria, 
 
 TIic
 
 [ 209 ] 
 
 The Underwritten, ofFers to'pay five 
 fols duty per cubic foot for all the timber 
 hewn, or fawed, that he fhall export from 
 the illand ; twenty fols for all firewood per 
 cord ; and thirty fols per quintal for all 
 forged or fabricated iron : and he repeats. 
 That in confideration of the faid grant for 
 exploitation made in his favour, or for his 
 perfonal ufe and benefit, he will pay to 
 the State an annual fum of forty to fifty 
 thoufand livres for woods, which have hi- 
 therto been of no ufe to the Public, for want 
 of the necefliiry roads, and which never 
 can become profitable, but by employing a 
 very confiderable capital, duly adminiftered 
 and feconded by every efibrt of indufiry. 
 
 One fifth of the above mentioned duties, 
 the Petitioner proposes to allow to the 
 Pieve de Niolo, declaring at the fame 
 time that he is ready and willing on his part 
 to remove every oppofition refpe<3;ing the 
 clawi which the inhabitants of the faid 
 parifh lay to certain woods within the ju- 
 rifdidion of Galena. Now, as the matter 
 
 P ia
 
 [ 2IO ] 
 
 in litigation is merely ccntefted for the fake 
 of the pafture grounds, other lands of equal 
 fertility might be ceded to the Fieve upon a 
 much better title. This arrangement might 
 be eafily effeded, as there is a plenty of paf- 
 ture land within the Domain. This will 
 conciliate the common intereft of the Pieve, 
 the Department, and the State, at one and 
 the fame time. 
 
 And, finallv, the Petitioner en~ 
 treats the NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, in 
 confideration of his great zeal and attention, 
 not to permit him to fuftain the heavy lofa 
 of his paft labours, through the frivolous 
 objections of thofe who are themfelves in- 
 capable of propofing a better fcheme, which 
 is founded on the very nature of the objects 
 in view, and calculated to regenerate the 
 Ifland of Corfica. The producing a new 
 KEVENUE of fifteen hundred thoufand livres 
 fufficient to anfwer every exigency what- 
 ever of the adminiftration of the Province ; 
 The faving to the Public Treafury the fum 
 of nine hundred thoufand livres, hitherto 
 
 fet 
 
 s
 
 [ 211 3 
 
 fet apart for this purpofe ; an expence tJiat 
 muft neceflarily be continued, at leaft in 
 part, if this plan be rejedled upon weak and 
 trivial confiderations : In a word, an increafe 
 of induftry in favor of Corfica, to the amount 
 of more than twenty millions per annum, 
 are motives fufEciently cogent to induce the 
 Underwritten to hope, that he will not 
 be deprived of the permiffion of proving, to 
 demonfcration, the goodnefs and folidity of 
 this his plan. The experiments will be made 
 at his own expence, on a fixed Canton, 
 or lot of wood, which is of no confiderablc 
 advantage to any body. 
 
 In RETURN, it is more than probable, 
 that he will be enabled to pay unto the 
 State, in the fpace of forty years, a fum not 
 lefs than fixteen or eighteen hundred thou- 
 fand livres. 
 
 FOCARD DE CHATEAU.
 
 ERRATA, 
 
 ^e Reader will perceive that the fum carried oves- 
 to ]^. 189, is 800 li'vres lefs than the total of p. 18S,. 
 The firft and laft lines of that and the three following 
 pages are, in confequence, incorreiSl. The error ha^ 
 ^jeen redlified in the fucceeding page?,
 
 CONTENTS TO the APPENDIX. 
 
 p. 107 
 
 Introduction 
 
 section i. 
 
 Art. I. Extent of Corfica and it's Woods p. m 
 
 Art. II. Different forts of Wood p. iiz 
 
 Art. Til. This Produce calculated ir. Cirds p^ ha 
 
 Art. IV. Quantity proportioned to the ronulation 
 
 of the Ifland p. ^j. 
 
 Art. V. Exaft Eftimate of the Total Value of thefe 
 
 Woods p. 118 
 
 Art. VI. Induftry Triples the Value p. 120 
 
 Alt. VII. Divifion of a general Exploitation to 
 
 be effected In Forty Years p. 121 
 
 Art. VIII. Different ufes to be made ^of the feveral 
 
 forts of Wood in Corfica p. 122 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 Art. I. Iron Forges « , p. 12A 
 
 Art. II. The Catalonian Forges P- 12c 
 
 Art. III. Comparifon between the Catalonian 
 
 Forges and the high Furnaces p. 126 
 
 Art. IV. Thelron Mine of the Ifland of Elbe p. 12S 
 
 Art. V. Procefs followed in Corfica, in the ma- 
 nagement of the Iron Ore of the illand of Elbe p, ijo 
 
 Art. VI. Delcription of the Catalonian Forge p. 132 
 
 Art. VII. Procefs or Operation ~ ...p. 13* 
 
 Art. VIII. Produdions from Iron p. i^r 
 
 Art. IX. The Trompes, or Water Conduits P' I35 
 
 Art. X. Of Charcoal and native Steel p. i^S 
 
 SECTION III. 
 
 Art. I. Quantity of Wood that may be annually ev- 
 
 plnitpd ■ p, 138 
 
 Art. II. Wood for Timber and Planks p. iaq^ 
 
 Art. III. Fuel for Exportation, and the quantity of 
 Iron, that may be annually worked with the re- 
 mainder reduced into Charcoal p. 1^.2 
 
 Art. IV. The Expences attending the fabrication 
 
 of Iron p. 14^ 
 
 SECTION IV. 
 
 Art. I. A detailed Application of this Syftem 
 confined to the Exploitation of one particular 
 Canton p, 148 
 
 ^rt, 1,1. Domaine of Galcria p. i^^ 
 
 i
 
 viii 
 
 CONTENT^, 
 
 Art. III. The feveral forts of Woods growing in 
 this Canton particularifed, and the quantity af- 
 
 certained p. 155 
 
 Art, IV. The different ufes the feveral forts of Wood 
 
 raay be put to •. p. 160 
 
 Art. V. Carriage Roads p. 161 
 
 Art. VI. Expence of the Roads p. 162 
 
 Art. VII. The proper Perfons to be employed in the 
 
 bufinefs of making and repairing the Roads p. 163 
 
 Art. VIII. The conveniency of Carriage convey- 
 ance compared with that by Beafts of Sumpter p. 165 
 
 Art. IX. Of Wainage, or Carriage • p. i6S 
 
 Art. X. The Freight p. 170 
 
 Art. XI. A detailed Lift of the different Artificers 
 
 and Workmen employed in this Exploitation p. 172 
 
 Art. XII. Accommodations for the Workmen and 
 
 Storehoufes p. 1 7 ^ 
 
 Art. XIII. Temporary Barracks - p. 174 
 
 SECTION V. 
 
 Art. I. Expences Extraordinary and Annual- 
 Art. II. The Extraordinary Expences 
 
 Art. III. The Annual Expences 
 
 Art. IV. Intereft of the primary Advances 
 
 Art. V. The Roads -. 
 
 Art. VI. The Ore 
 
 Art. VII. The Charcoal 
 
 ...p. 
 ....p. 
 ....p. 
 ....p. 
 ....p. 
 .-p. 
 
 •• P- 
 
 Art. VIII. The Artificers or Workmenat theForges— -p. 
 Art. IX. The Wood Cutters, Fellers, Hewers, and 
 
 Sawyers • p- 
 
 Art. X. The Carmen, or Team Drivers p. 
 
 Art. XL The keep of the Cattle p. 
 
 Art. XII. The beumen's Wages • p. 
 
 Art. XIII. The Wages of the Overfeers, &c.- p. 
 
 Art. XIV. The unforefeen Expences p. 
 
 Art. XV. The Produce • p. 
 
 Art. XVI. The Balance ; p. 
 
 Art. XVII. Sundry advantages accruing to the 
 
 State - ■ p. 
 
 Art. XVIII. Duties impofed on the Exports of Wood 
 
 and Iron p.' 
 
 Art. XIX. Particular Advantage accruing to the 
 
 Province • p. 
 
 Concluf)on and Petition •• p. 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
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