BANCROFT 
 LIBRARY 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 

 P:| 
 S r 
 A.,,,,..,,^ 
 
OF UTAH 
 
 Attractions 
 
 Edward PColbom 
 
 & 
 
 
 
 Issuedjjy 
 nder Depcirfmetxt 
 
 ofihe 
 Denver and Rio Grande I^ailroad 
 
Saltair Pavilion, 
 
 Great Salt Lake. 
 
 COPYRIGHTED, IQIO, BY 
 
 S. K. HOOPER 
 
 GENERAL PASSENGER AND TICKET AGENT 
 DENVER., COLO. 
 
u. c. 
 
 ACADEMY OF 
 IkCIFIC COAST 
 HISTORY 
 
 
 i^Tfaistl^j 
 
"Monument to Brigham Young and the Utah Pioneers, 
 
 Salt Lake City, 
 
 Unveiled July 24, 1897. 
 
 C. E. Dallin, Sculptor. 
 
Preface 
 
 E/ 7 ER T book great or small should have a preface. 
 It is the reader's right to be told in advance for what 
 purpose the book was written., and what he may expect to 
 find along the paths of print if he shall follow them to their end. 
 
 tfhis book was written to give wider publicity to the phenom- 
 enal development now going on in Utah; to tell the wonderful 
 story of the achievements of a people who, in little more than half 
 a century, wrought out of a wilderness a populous and productive 
 state; and to stimulate, so far as a book may, inquiry by capitalists 
 and homeseekers about the opportunities awaiting them on the other 
 side of the range. 
 
 As the title suggests, the book will give only a glimpse a 
 mere outline of the many interesting and curious things, God- 
 and man-made, to be seen in Utah, tfo attempt more would be 
 to fill volumes and then leave the record but half written. 
 
 tfhe reader will be shown among the print many scenes of 
 grandeur and beauty, and will be told just enough about the min- 
 ing, smelting, manufacturing, agricultural, horticultural, stock- 
 growing and other interests; the social and educational advan- 
 tages; the scenic, bathing and other attractions, the climate, and 
 enough about the enterprise and industry of the people who live 
 and prosper in Utah, to give him a good general idea of the state, 
 ^fhere will be a little about the Mormons, just now somewhat 
 misunderstood and misjudged, and something about the Uintah 
 Reservation recently opened to settlement, and about the little rail- 
 road that runs into it. 
 
Here and there will be found a few figures not many just 
 a few, as measurements, and for the information of those who en- 
 joy such things, rfkere will not be an intentional untruth nor a 
 wilful exaggeration among them. Indeed, all the way through, 
 the book will tell the truth, as the truth appears to be. 
 
 Early Days 
 in Utah. 
 
 Oldest House in Salt Lake City. 
 Built in 1847. 
 
The Early Settlement of Utah 
 
 U 
 
 Angel Moroni, Top of Temple, 
 Salt Lake City. 
 
 TAH'S story begins on the very 
 first page of the history of trans- 
 Missouri settlement. 
 
 The story is not only of a state 
 upbuilded in a desert wilderness by a re- 
 markable plan of co-operative effort, but 
 of the growth of a peculiar religion in lit- 
 tle more than sixty years, irom a mere 
 handful, to more than half a million 
 followers. 
 
 The Mormons founded Utah in 1847. 
 On July 24 of that year, their "First 
 Company, " comprising 143 men, 3 women and 2 children under 
 the leadership of Brigham Young, entered the Salt Lake Valley 
 and settled upon the site of Salt Lake City. 
 
 The journey of that company through more than one thou- 
 sand miles of an unexplored wilderness has no parallel in the his- 
 tory of human courage and fortitude. 
 
 C Ordinarily, the marches of civilization have been by slow 
 stages, not by leaps and bounds. The outpost of far western set- 
 tlement was on the Missouri river in 1847. In just 109 days 
 Brigham Young, by a bold dash, moved it over and beyond the 
 country now occupied by the states of Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado 
 and Wyoming. 
 
 The prophet Brigham and his people believed that the Lord 
 pointed out the way and guided the heroic little company through 
 the perils and savagery of desert, mountains and plains. This, we 
 do not know; but we do know that the wonderful journey was fin- 
 ished without an assault from Indians and that neither death nor 
 serious sickness came to the company. 
 
 Q Those who view today the matchless valley of the Great Salt 
 Lake and see what husbandry has done, can have no conception 
 of the scene of desolation spread around the pioneers when they 
 unyoked their oxen at their journey's end. Great gray ranges of 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 O F 
 
 UTAH 
 
 page eight 
 
 mountains, their tops here and there among the clouds, hemmed in 
 the sage-grown, alkalied valley; silence and solitude the dreads 
 of the desert were everywhere, and over against the western hori- 
 zon, sullenly within its salt-bound shores, lay that freak of Na- 
 turethe "Dead Sea of Utah." 
 
 Is it any wonder that the little company huddled close about 
 their great leader, and listened with upturned and appealing faces 
 while he fervently called upon God to hold them longer "In the 
 hollow of His hand! " 
 
 Early 
 Emigrant Train. 
 
 (FROM AN ORIGINAL PHOTOGRAPH MADE IN 1868.) 
 
 Cf The reasons for this unparalleled journey were these: The 
 "Saints" so-called, few in number and poor in purse, had lately 
 fled from their city, Nauvoo, in Illinois. This flight was the 
 result of a long standing trouble with their Gentile neighbors, 
 which finally ended in the assassination of Joseph Smith, founder 
 and first Prophet of Mormonism. After this tragic occurrence, 
 the Mormons, feeling that the East was closed to them forever, 
 set their faces towards the West, in the hope that somewhere out 
 in the distant unexplored country beyond the Rocky Mountains 
 they would find a place where they could build up a community and 
 be free from interference in the practice of their religion. To 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 O F 
 
 u 
 
 A H 
 
 page nine 
 
 search for this place and to found such a settlement, Brigham 
 Young and his company made the memorable journey of 1847. 
 
 After the arrival of the first company, other companies were 
 sent out in rapid succession, and within five years more than five 
 thousand of the faith were living in and around Salt Lake City. 
 
 But Brigham's dream of isolation was soon dispelled by the 
 discovery of gold in California. What followed that event 
 every school boy knows; the Pony Express and Overland Coach 
 came and vanished; the mines were opened; railroads were built 
 across the continent; the circles of settlement were widened to the 
 most distant valleys; and by steady steps Utah became a populous 
 and prosperous state, and Salt Lake, the unrivaled city of the 
 Inter-Mountain Empire. 
 
 Q The Utah pioneers are passing away. Of that "First Com- 
 pany" but three remain. History, if impartial, will judge them 
 fairly and will write their names in such shining letters upon her 
 pages that through all the flights of time youth will see them there 
 and be inspired to greater deeds. 
 
 The tasks set for them to perform were new. Theirs was not 
 to clear away the forest beneath its friendly shade; theirs was to 
 toil on the blistering sands under the scorching desert sun. Theirs 
 was not to fell near-by trees and make them into habitations; theirs 
 was to mould and sun-bake the clay into bricks and fashion them 
 into shelters. Theirs was not to plant in fertile soil and await 
 the sure rain to bring on the harvest; theirs was to sow in the sand, 
 and quicken it into fertility with the run-a-way waters of mountain 
 streams. 
 
 They gave irrigation to us; they built the first telegraph line 
 
 west of the Rockies; they laid f^sgmmmmmiiimHmfmmmmKmmmmHm^^ 
 down railroads ; these and 
 many other, things did they do 
 to help make an empire. 
 
 All hail to them the 
 passed and the passing Utah 
 pioneers ! 
 
 : i- 
 
 ' 
 
 The Days of the Overland Stags, 
 
First Methodist Church. 
 
 Presbyterian Church. 
 
 First Congregational Church. 
 
 St. Mary's Cathedral. 
 SOME SALT LAKE CITY CHURCHES. 
 
1 
 
 
 Brigham Young 
 and his Followers 
 in Southern Uta 
 The Prophet, we; 
 a tall white hat 
 seated left of thi 
 center. This pi 
 was taken during 
 one of President 
 Young's annual 
 pilgrimages throu 
 the Territory. 
 
 
 (FROM AN ORIGINAL PHOTOGRAPH) 
 
 Atout the Mormons and Gentiles 
 
 IT should be taken for granted that the people of Utah, whose 
 achievements along every line of endeavor have been so mag- 
 nificent, need no certificate of character, and indeed they do 
 
 not. But Mormonism has not been acceptable to the world at 
 large, and because of its unpopularity much misinformation is 
 extant about the faith and its followers. There have been conflicts 
 between religionists throughout all of the history of creeds, and the 
 writer has no intention of attempting to reconcile the difference 
 between the belief of those who follow the teachings of Joseph 
 Smith and of those whose trust is in other plans of salvation. 
 
 But to this he can and does cheerfully testify: That the 
 people of Utah of every creed will 
 compare favorably in intelligence, 
 honesty, industry, hospitality and 
 business ability with the people of any 
 part of the Union. They are not by 
 any means all of the Mormon faith, 
 but they are all proud of Utah and 
 labor industriously to develop hei 
 resources; they commingle in business 
 and socially; they have a welcome for 
 the stranger, and are all united in anx- 
 ious endeavor to realize for Utah the 
 high destiny which they fervently be- 
 lieve awaits her. 
 
 St. Mark's Cathedral. 
 
A GLIMPSE OF U T A H 
 
 page twelve 
 
 G, There is hardly a church in Christendom that can not be found 
 prospering in Utah. In music, in art and in the drama, Utah has 
 produced celebrities of world wide recognition. The schools, pub- 
 lic and private, are housed in fine buildings and taught by the best 
 teachers that money will employ. 
 
 That there are local questions, political and otherwise, upon 
 which all are not agreed, goes without saying; but in that respect 
 Utah does not differ from her sister states. To these brief state- 
 ments nothing need be added, except the assurance that there is 
 no reason, political, social or religious, why Utah may not furnish 
 a happy abiding place for all who come within her borders. 
 
 Assembly Hall. 
 
 Tabernacle. 
 Temple Square, Salt Lake City. 
 
 Temple. 
 
B 
 
 Some Natural \Vonders 
 
 YRON wrote of Portugal, a half century ago: 
 
 "Oh Christ! It is a goodly sight to see 
 What Heaven hath done for this delicious land." 
 
 But Byron had little to inspire his pen compared 
 with what Utah can furnish to one who would write 
 of her marvels. No land under the sun contains so many 
 illustrations of creative eccentricity. If Nature had intended the 
 state to be her "Old Curiosity Shop," she could not have tossed 
 into her work more odds and ends of rare substances, unusual 
 formations and strange topographical features. 
 
 Where else in all the earth is there a gash such as the one 
 through which roars and tumbles the Colorado*? 
 
 Is there anything anywhere to compare with Utah's Dead Sea, 
 or its sister-sea of solid salt 1 ? 
 
 And the natural bridges in the wilderness of the San Juan 
 one with a span three hundred and thirty feet long of solid sand- 
 stone two hundred and twenty-two feet high, and wide enough to 
 carry over the frightful chasm beneath the mighty arch, the march- 
 ing armies of all Europe. It would take a hundred "Natural 
 Bridges" like the one in Virginia told of in McGuffy's old "Third 
 Reader," to make one like this. Where else can their like be found*? 
 
 And then the great fields of rare hydro-carbons; the beds of 
 sulphur; the mountains of crystal salt; the hot springs that flow 
 from the tops of columns that stand like monuments upon the 
 plain, and that strangest of all things in mineralogy, the buried and 
 petrified silver-chloride forest at Leeds where can such curios be 
 seen, except in Utah*? 
 
 Q In a passing glance, mere mention is all that can be given of 
 these queer features; but the Great Salt Lake, Utah's most inter- 
 esting natural phenomenon, is so widely associated with her name 
 that a brief description of it here is justified. 
 
 Cardenas, the Spanish rover, probably visited it during the 
 Sixteenth Century when he was searching for the fabled "Seven 
 Golden Cities of Quiviri," and Father Escalante heard of it from 
 
Archway of the 
 "Caroline" Nat- 
 ural Bridge, San 
 Juan County, 
 Utah. 
 
 Height 205 ft. 
 
 Thickness at top 
 
 of arch. . 107 ft. 
 Width of top of 
 
 arch 49 ft 
 
 Width of snan 
 
 186 ft. 
 
 Height of span, 
 
 98 ft. 
 
 The "Edwin" Nat- 
 ural Bridge, San 
 Juan Co., Utah. 
 
 Height 104 ft. 
 
 Thickness at top 
 
 ot arch.. 10 ft. 
 Width of top of 
 
 arch 35 ft. 
 
 Width of span 
 
 194 ft. 
 
 Height of span 
 
 ...88 ft. 
 
 View from lower 
 side of the Great 
 "Augusta" Nat- 
 ural Bridge, across 
 White Canon, San 
 Juan Co., Utah. 
 Height. .. .222 ft. 
 Thickness at top 
 
 of arch. . .65 ft. 
 Width of top of 
 
 arch 28 ft. 
 
 Width of span 
 
 261 f : . 
 
 Height of span 
 
 157 ft. 
 
 UTAH'S NATURAL BRIDGES 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 OF U <f A H 
 
 page fifteen 
 
 the Indians in 1776; but the credit for its discovery is generally 
 given to Jim Bridger, who first saw it from the mouth of Bear 
 River, in 1824. 
 
 The lake is about seven times larger than the "Dead Sea" of 
 Palestine, and carries about the same per cent of salt. This per 
 cent is from 19 to 22, according to the season of the year, and 
 calculations fix the total of the salt in the lake at four hundred 
 million tons. The waters are sluggish and green-hued. They are 
 very buoyant, and so clear that the eye can pentrate them to great 
 depths. Gulls innumerable, whose breeding place is one of the 
 eight islands in the lake, frequent the waters, in which nothing 
 lives except a small shrimp. 
 
 Old timers have observed that this strange body of water rises 
 and falls in cycles of approximately seven years, attaining in mod- 
 ern times about the same maximum and minimum depths. At 
 present it is rising, and has been doing so for more than two years. 
 
 Exterior View. 
 
 Utah Hot Pots, Wasatch County. 
 
 Interior View. 
 
A GLIMPSE OF U T A H 
 
 page sixteen 
 
 (J One of the largest bathing pavilions in the world Saltair 
 easily accessible to all trans-continental travelers, is eleven miles 
 distant from Salt Lake City. A bath in the lake is an experience 
 never to be forgotten. The bather has beneath his feet sand as 
 soft as velvet, and may float upon the surface of the waves 
 without the slightest effort; indeed, he could not sink if he should 
 try. 
 
 All of these rare things in Utah are attractions, and as such are 
 offered to those of our countrymen who find pleasure in the study 
 of the curious in nature. 
 
 C A word about the scenery to close the chapter. Utah's scenes 
 are all her own. They were set by the Master, seemingly to inspire 
 with their beauty rather than to awe with their grandeur. There 
 is a touch of Switzerland in the rapidly rising, pointed peaks of the 
 Wasatch, and a glimpse of Italy in the fragrant, fertile valleys 
 at their feet. And the blue of the skies and the tints of the sun- 
 sets these are indescribable. Moran and other great painters have 
 recorded the colors from the palette of the sun when at nightfall 
 he sinks behind the great Salt Lake, and have declared the spectacle 
 to be one of the most beautiful ever presented to mortal eyes. The 
 richest and softest and altogether most satisfying of the scenery is 
 along the Denver & Rio Grande, which enters through the stately 
 portals of Castle Gate and, following the gorges, climbs over the 
 Wasatch and drops down into the tranquil mountain-bound Utah 
 Valley, the like of which, for pastoral beauty, no other land affords. 
 C After the tremendous presentations of the Rocky Mountains, 
 the Utah Valley, with its Alpine setting, is most inviting. It is 
 a fitting finale to the grand panorama through which the traveler 
 has long journeyed. After Utah Valley he will see the Great 
 Salt Lake, and after that the deserts of Nevada await him, over 
 the lonely wastes of which he will carry a restful feeling, inspired 
 by the pleasant scenes he has last visited. 
 
Main Street, 
 Salt Lake City. 
 
 About Some of Utah's Cities and Towns 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY is known around the world. Histori- 
 cally, it is a place of great interest, not only because it has 
 witnessed the vigorous growth of one of the most peculiar 
 religions known, from a mere handful of adherents sixty 
 years ago to more than half a million believers; but because it 
 was nursed into life in the wilderness of the far west, a thousand 
 miles beyond the then farthest outpost of civilization. It was 
 intended by its founders to be a community and not a city, and was 
 laid out with broad streets, and in blocks large enough for farms. 
 But what was proposed was not realized irresistibly a city grew 
 upon the community site a city 
 as beautiful and prosperous as any in 
 our land. Its situation, not far distant 
 from the shores of Great Salt Lake, in 
 an elbow of the mountains, with great 
 peaks towering over it on the north and 
 east, and a valley, rioting in foliage and 
 plenty, stretching away for many miles 
 to the south and west, is the most per- 
 fect a city ever had. 
 
 Salt Lake's New Skyscraper District. 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 F 
 
 U T A H 
 
 page eighteen 
 
 As a business place there is nothing to compare with it in any 
 direction for six hundred miles. It is the beating business heart 
 of an empire; a great railroad center, with that greatness but half 
 achieved; the largest smelting center by far in the world, and the 
 middle of a productive and rapidly developing area that takes in 
 the best part of the mining lands of the United States. 
 
 City and County Building, Salt Lake City. 
 
 C Whatever other cities have, Salt Lake has in some degree, and 
 Salt Lake has many things possessed by no other place in the world. 
 The Great Salt Lake, with its marvelous bathing, is one of 
 these, and the famous Temple of the Mormons forty years in 
 building is another. This structure and the queer round-roofed 
 Tabernacle by its side, are far famed attractions. Then there are 
 the broad, brook-lined streets with their trimmings of trees, the 
 palatial homes of Utah's many millionaires, and the quaint old 
 
 "dobies" and other styles of 
 architecture that still remain to 
 remind us of the times when the 
 wastes of desert were still to be 
 redeemed, and when to live in 
 Salt Lake was to toil and suf- 
 fer and almost starve. These 
 are among the sights that make 
 Salt Lake City the most unique 
 
 New Federal Building, Salt Lake City. 
 
Beehive and Lion House, Two Former Homes of Brigham Young. 
 
 Black Rock, Great Salt Lake. 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 OF u r A H 
 
 page twenty-one 
 
 and interesting place to visit in all the West. There are many 
 millions being spent in and around Salt Lake at this writing, and 
 the city, already with a population of 1 10,000, is expanding at the 
 rate of 10,000 per annum. 
 
 It will grow amazingly during the next few years; but it 
 will not outgrow its beauty nor ever cease to be an inviting spot to 
 those who range for pleasure or business, between the two oceans. 
 
 C OGDEN, thirty-seven miles north of Salt Lake, where the 
 beautiful Weber River ends its fretting and foaming among the 
 rocky gorges of the Wasatch, and spreads out to lazily flow through 
 the valley Ogden, at the mouth of one of the most picturesque 
 canons in all the mountain country, is the second city of Utah. 
 
 It has railroads reaching almost everywhere worth reaching, 
 a power plant that cost $1,600,000, a great sugar factory, manu- 
 facturing and business houses of importance and all of the other 
 things usually found in a city. 
 
 Ogden has a world all its own, and dominates it with an 
 energy that stops at no effort and "acknowledges no criterion but 
 success." The city is to be one of the most important in the 
 inter-mountain region, and is well worth investigating as a place 
 for investment. 
 
 There are others Provo, Logan, 
 Brigham City, Springyille, lying among 
 the farms and orchards and Park City, 
 Bingham, Eureka, Stockton, 
 Marysville, perched high 
 among the mines. 
 
 Provo and Springville, typi- 
 cal agricultural towns al- 
 most cities, in fact, for they 
 have municipal improvements 
 of the highest order, are im- 
 portant points upon the Den- 
 ver & Rio Grande and thrive 
 amazingly upon the trade of 
 the productive Utah Valley. 
 Provo has nearly 8,000 popu- 
 lation, and Springville is a 
 close second. Around these 
 
 Packard Library, Salt Lake City. 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 F 
 
 u r A H 
 
 page twenty-two 
 
 little cities is perhaps better exemplified than anywhere else in the 
 state, the perfection of Utah agriculture. They are at the very 
 center of the granary of the state and in the midst of a population 
 enjoying the highest degree of prosperity. 
 
 C Of the mining camps, Bingham, Park City and Eureka, on 
 the Denver & Rio Grande, have a place in the history of mining, 
 earned by two generations of production. Upon their past achieve- 
 ments and present activity Utah may well rest her fame as a min- 
 ing state. Of the five hundred million dollars or more of state 
 metal production, these three camps are entitled to a credit of at 
 least three hundred million dollars. To visit them is to find bustle 
 in business and to see tramways high in air carrying processions 
 of ore-laden buckets to mammoth mills. Such a visit will well 
 repay the sightseer. It will give him a comprehension of mining 
 and its importance which he can never get by reading. The Denver 
 & Rio Grande makes these centers of the mining industry easily a 
 feature of the western tour, and more and more, every year, are the 
 camps visited by trans-continental travelers. Underground, on hun- 
 dreds of miles of electric-lighted highways, the busy miners toil 
 among the treasures, well paid and content; and on the surface, 
 trade and traffic go on and prosperity prevails. 
 
 Within Temple Square, Salt Lake City. 
 
Agriculture 
 
 UTAH is a mountainous region; but the ranges are broken 
 and are threaded by broad fertile valleys. These val- 
 leys measure the greatest depths of "Lake Bonneville," 
 the ancient sea that swept over most of Utah, and of 
 which the Great Salt Lake is the remainder. Extending through 
 the state in a chain from north to south, the principal valleys, 
 with the low mesas and smaller lateral valleys, comprise the pro- 
 ductive area of Utah. To the limit of the water supply, the science 
 of agriculture by irrigation has been carried in these valleys to 
 the highest stage of perfection. They rival in productiveness the 
 famed fields of Spain and the Nile. Agriculture and its attendant 
 occupations rank second to mining among Utah's resources. As 
 at present developed, it is an important factor in the prosperity of 
 the state, and, besides furnishing occupation for a large number of 
 people, supplies a considerable part of the food products consumed 
 at home. Great increase in the productive area will be made when 
 the large bodies of unreclaimed lands are given to water by reser- 
 voir and other projects now being constructed by private capital 
 and by the Government under the provisions of the National Irriga- 
 tion Law. 
 
 The principal farm products are wheat, rye, oats, barley, 
 alfalfa, timothy, potatoes, sugar beets, and the usual garden vege- 
 tables. Some corn is grown, but the total is inconsiderable. 
 
 The varying altitudes of the state make it possible to suit the 
 various crops to the most favorable climatic conditions. In the 
 Cache Valley, on the extreme north, where the elevation is about 
 5,000 feet, the hardier grains and fruits are raised; on the extreme 
 south, in "Utah's Dixie," near St. George, and along the Rio Vir- 
 gin, where the climate is semi-tropical, cotton is extensively grown; 
 and almonds, figs, pomegranates and most delicious wine-grapes 
 are raised. Between these two extremes, in the valleys of Weber, 
 Salt Lake, Utah, San Pete, Sevier and others of lesser size, all of 
 the crops common to the temperate zone are grown. 
 Cf A new oasis is springing up on the line of the Denver & Rio 
 Grande at Green River. There, the water supply is abundant, and 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 F 
 
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 A H 
 
 page twenty-four 
 
 there, within three years, will be a fruit-growing section as re- 
 markable as the one around Grand Junction. The climatic and soil 
 conditions are exceedingly fine for this industry and the irrigation 
 canals constructed and new ones now under way insure the future 
 greatness of this district. It is an interesting fact that from Green 
 River to Moab there is one hundred and eighty miles of scenery 
 which is unrivalled except by that of the Grand Canon at its most 
 majestic part. This includes the ancient homes of the Cliff- 
 Dwellers and at times perpendicular walls that rise from one to 
 three thousand feet. Moab has long been famed for the perfection 
 of its fruits, which find a ready market in the mining camps of 
 Western Colorado and elsewhere. 
 
 Green River is a navigable stream and numerous small crafts 
 make use of the waters. In good time larger boats will no doubt go 
 into service to handle the fruit and other shipments which increased 
 settlement will supply. Then there will be no more pleasant trip 
 than down this picturesque and interesting river. 
 
 Sunset on Green River, Utah. 
 
 The Green River is the largest navigable stream in the Rocky Mountain region, and 
 affords abundant water for irrigating an extensive agricultural district. 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 O F 
 
 u 
 
 A H 
 
 page twenty-five 
 
 C Measured by financial returns to the farmer and to the manufac- 
 turer's employees, the sugar beet is the leading soil product of 
 Utah. The growing of this began some years ago in the Utah 
 Valley at a time when the Mormon Church undertook in a small 
 way to make beet sugar. So exceptionally good was the quality 
 and quantity of the yield, that the original mill soon took on mam- 
 
 moth proportions and the sugar industry grew until now there are 
 four mammoth plants in Utah, which has become one of the fore- 
 most of the sugar-making states. 
 
 These plants produced 99,500,000 pounds in 1909, valued at 
 $4,477,500. The beet growers number for that year, 4,284, and 
 their gross receipts for beets were $2,033,000. To the sugar beet 
 returns add the returns for grain, potatoes and hay, for live stocs;. 
 slaughtered and sold, for wool, poultry and eggs, honey and wax. 
 
 The Beautiful 
 Utah Valley. 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 F 
 
 UTAH 
 
 page twenty-six 
 
 from the dairy, orchards and vineyards, and Utah's farm output 
 for 1909 may easily be estimated at $40,000,000. 
 
 In round numbers there are about 22,000 farms in Utah and 
 approximately 100,000 people are engaged in farming and kindred 
 callings. 
 
 Q The Mormons are natural-born farmers and do practically all 
 of the farming. Their like for intelligence, thrift and industry 
 would be hard to find. In at least two respects the Utah farmer 
 stands alone; he has solved without turmoil or litigation the prob- 
 lem of the impartial distribution of irrigation waters, and he has 
 exemplified the value to the community of the small farm thor- 
 oughly cultivated, over large holdings but half tilled. One of the 
 wise teachings of Brigham Young was, that a man should not own 
 more land than he can thoroughly cultivate, and so, from the very 
 beginning, the Mormon land holdings have been small. Forty 
 acres is called a large farm in Utah, and there are hundreds of the 
 five and ten-acre size. One of the results of this system is seen in 
 the populous character of the Utah valleys; another, in the almost 
 total lack of unemployed land. To pass through one of these val- 
 
 Gathering Sugar Beets near Lehi. 
 
A GLIMPSE OF U <? A H 
 
 page twenty-seven 
 
 leys, is to constantly feel that you are in a straggling town so 
 close are the homes together. Contrast this with the situation in 
 states like Kansas for instance, where the farms average 160 acres. 
 
 If we may count five to a family, a section of land in Kansas 
 would have but twenty inhabitants. In Utah, under the five-acre 
 farm system, if we allow the same number to a family, a section 
 would have 640 inhabitants; under the ten-acre farm system, a 
 section would have 320, 
 and counting the farms 
 at 40 acres, a section 
 would have 80 inhabi- 
 tants. 
 
 It almost passes be- 
 lief that a tract of but 
 five acres can be made to 
 support a family, and yet 
 in Utah it does do that in 
 hundreds of cases, and, 
 more than that, provides a 
 surplus to be laid by for 
 good farm stock, a piano 
 for the girls, a few shares 
 of sugar or co-operative 
 stocks and a little account 
 in the savings bank, as 
 against "a rainy day." 
 Q The agricultural valleys of Utah are among the show sights of 
 the state. All the people take pride in them, and few are the trav- 
 elers who do not rank them among the most fertile and beauti- 
 ful anywhere to be found. Viewed from near-by mountain-sides, 
 the little farms are seen lying side by side with almost the regular- 
 ity of the squares of a chessboard. Sometimes they are defined by 
 rows of Lombardy poplars sometimes by hedges. The houses, 
 unpretentious, but home-like, are trimmed about with beds of flow- 
 ers, and the Virginia creeper, ivy and other climbing vines, grow 
 
 The Great Organ Rock. 
 (Four hundred feet in height.) 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 O F 
 
 u 
 
 A H 
 
 page twenty-eight 
 
 up their sides. Cleanliness and system mark every holding, and, 
 throughout, the scene is threaded with the green banks of canals 
 and laterals. 
 
 This beauty of scene is present in the Cache, Weber and Salt 
 Lake valleys; but it attains its highest perfection and harmony 
 in Utah Valley, through which the Denver & Rio Grande passes 
 on the way to Salt Lake. 
 
 Here, the west-bound traveler is treated to a scenic surprise. The 
 train descending from the heights of the Wasatch, emerges suddenly 
 from the mouth of the last rocky gorge upon an exquisite scene. 
 Generally, this is during the morning hours, when the air is clear 
 and man and beast are going to the fields. On every hand and 
 reaching well up the high mesas that fringe the valley, are squares 
 of green and gold sprinkled with homes. And in the center, shim- 
 mering in the sun, lies Utah Lake. There may be sights more sooth- 
 ing and restful, lovelier and more peaceful than this, but if there be, 
 this writer has not seen them. Travelers who have looked upon the 
 Valley of the Mohawk, the vale of Chamouni and other famed pas- 
 toral scenes, say that Utah Valley shames them all. Frame this 
 valley with the treeless, canon-seamed mountains that rise abruptly 
 from the plain twelve thousand feet high, and you have a picture as 
 splendid as any that God has hung upon the walls of the world. 
 
 Panoramic View 
 
Fruit Growing 
 
 THE growing of fruit in Utah began with pioneer days, and 
 thirty years ago the Salt Lake peach was famous; but the 
 production was for home consumption only, and after the 
 early orchards were worn out by age and the ravages of 
 insects, the industry fell into neglect. The first step to recover lost 
 ground was taken some ten years ago when a compulsory spraying 
 law was enacted. The real awakening, however, did not come until 
 Utah suffered state-wide humiliation over her defeat by Idaho in 
 the fruit contest held by the National Irrigation Congress at Ogden 
 about five years ago. Then the people became conscious of their 
 wasted opportunities and went to work to make fruit growing a 
 profitable industry. The State Horticultural Society was formed 
 and tree planting became almost a craze. Result : Utah took prac- 
 tically all the prizes and sweep-stakes for the size and flavor of her 
 fruit at the Irrigation Congress contests since held at Sacramento 
 and Albuquerque, and the Salt Lake Commercial Club now has on 
 exhibition, silver trophies then awarded, valued at more than 
 $5,000. Orchardists are seeking locations all over the state, and the 
 great plateaus lying along the Green, Grand, and San Rafael 
 Rivers are now the scenes of a scramble for land and water by com- 
 panies and individuals who are convinced by the phenomenal horti- 
 
 ie City of Ogden. 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 F 
 
 u 
 
 A H 
 
 page thirty 
 
 cultural successes at Green River, that the whole eastern portion of 
 Utah has the climate and soil to make it, under water, one of the 
 greatest fruit-producing sections of the world. 
 
 This territory always until now considered an unreclaimable 
 waste is all tributary to the Rio Grande System. The waters of 
 its deep-cutting streams will now be raised to the plateaus by pump- 
 ing plants and gravity; reservoirs will be built to hold the flood 
 waters, and, unless all predictions of expert fruit growers fail, that 
 part of Utah will in ten years be covered with orchards and be 
 worth as much per acre as are the lands around Palisade and Grand 
 Junction. 
 
 The Salt Lake Tribune, in its annual summary for 1909, 
 reports 3,000,000 fruit trees planted in Utah during 1908, and 
 predicts 5,000,000 for 1910. 
 
 Apples, pears, peaches, apricots, plums, cherries, strawberries, 
 raspberries and blackberries are generally grown. In Washington 
 County Utah's "Dixie Land" where the climate is semi-tropical 
 and cotton is a product figs, almonds and pomegranates are grown 
 and a grape famous for its flavor and the insidiousness of its wine. 
 
 In Utah's 
 
 "Dixie Land." 
 
 A Vineyard, near 
 
 St. George, with 
 
 the Mormon 
 
 Temple in the 
 
 distance. 
 
Stock and \Vool Growing, Dairying, 
 Poultry and Bees 
 
 THERE are no larger cattle herds in Utah; but the ever- 
 increasing agricultural area enables small holders to add 
 to their herds, and the increase during the last decade is 
 estimated from 50 to 300 head per owner. Dairy and 
 beef stock comprise most herds. The grades are constantly improv- 
 ing and no expense is counted too much if it will insure high beef 
 and milk-making standards. The 1909 assessment shows 215,151 
 
 A Utah Industry the Wool Goes all Over the World. 
 
 cattle, 1,408,248 sheep, 77,606 horses and mules, and 14,087 
 swine, the aggregate value being $10,983,694. The cattle ship- 
 ments for 1909 were 30,000 head, and the sheep 250,000 head. 
 Sales of sheep and mutton for 1909 aggregated $8,000,000 an 
 increase of nearly 50 per cent over the sales of 1908. Nutritious 
 bunch-grass an excellent feed for cattle is found on the moun- 
 tain sides and on the broad plateaus, and the semi-desert portions of 
 southern and eastern Utah furnish large grassy areas for sheep. 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 F 
 
 u r A H 
 
 page thirty-two 
 
 Many Utah farms have the mountains for a background. There, 
 sheltered by deep canons, the holdings of the farms are grazed. 
 Utah's dairy product is estimated at $2,000,000 per year. Salt 
 Lake and Ogden are large consumers of milk, and creameries are 
 operated in many portions of the state. 
 
 C The poultry industry belongs to every farm; but the supply 
 does not approach the demand. More than $400,000 have been 
 sent out of the state for poultry and eggs during 1909. Utah has 
 an inviting field for raisers of poultry and eggs and fortunes are 
 waiting those who engage in the business. The climatic conditions 
 are favorable and the rapidly increasing demand will more than 
 keep pace with the supply, even though it be many times dupli- 
 cated. Bee culture is a common adjunct of farming and the assess- 
 ment for 1909 shows 12,992 hives, valued at $32,817. 
 
 The Half Tunnel 
 
 Cafion of the Grand River. 
 
Minerals ana Mining 
 
 UTAH mining began in 1870, and the total output of the 
 state from that time to this has been about $498,446,- 
 724.55. The metal production for 1909 was $26,131,- 
 0)70.97. Copper led with 75,729,933 pounds, value 
 $9,794,588.92. The gold was 198,194 ounces, value $4,096,771.98. 
 The silver, 11,275,847 ounces, value $6,031,306.66. The lead, 
 
 Daly West and Quincy Mines, Park City, Utah. 
 
 127,630,024 pounds, value $5,420,447.11; and the zinc, 14,498,- 
 ooo pounds, value $787,956.30. The dividends for the year 
 were $7,932,019. 
 
 From the beginning until the discovery of the great copper zone 
 at Bingham in 1899, when Utah became an important red metal 
 producer, the holdings were confined to small areas and the develop- 
 ment of the industry was carried on by individuals and corpora- 
 tions. That was the period of the "Emma," "Flagstaff," "Ontario" 
 
A GLIMPSE OF U <T A H 
 
 page thirty-four 
 
 and other mines celebrated in Utah history. When copper was 
 
 discovered the era of consolidated mining began. Large aggrega- 
 te o o oo o 
 
 tions of eastern capital at once began taking over the important 
 mines and organizing them with new territory into great groups. 
 As a result, the old names were lost and a new nomanclature estab- 
 lished with "Boston Consolidated," "Utah Copper," "Colorado 
 Mining," "Silver King Coalition" and "Utah Consolidated," as 
 sample titles. Under consolidation, millions were spent for mine 
 and mill equipment to reduce the cost of extraction and for the 
 salvation of values in ores that formerly were considered of too 
 low grade for any use. The consolidated companies took over 
 practically the entire Bingham District and obtained a strong foot- 
 hold in Park City and Tintic, where lead and silver are the dom- 
 inant metals. 
 
 The results of consolidated mining have been marvelous. The 
 annual Utah copper output has been raised in nine years from 
 almost nothing, to 75,000,000 pounds; deposits have been discov- 
 ered and opened which disclose values of more than half a billion 
 dollars, and concentration mills and smelters have been built that 
 represent an expenditure of more than twelve million in the Salt 
 Lake Valley alone. Among the mills constructed were those of 
 the "Utah Copper" and "Boston Consolidated" at Garfield, which 
 have an aggregate daily capacity of 13,000 tons. 
 
 So great had become Utah's copper mining industry in 1909 
 that organized capital began to consolidate the consolidations, and 
 during that year the "Utah Copper" and the "Boston Consoli- 
 dated" properties were organized into a trust, which immediately 
 took over the control of the great "Nevada Consolidated Company" 
 at Ely. 
 
 The principal mining camps in Utah are Bingham, Park City, 
 Tintic, Alta, Mercur, Marysvale, American Fork, Ophir, Newhouse 
 and Frisco. Bingham leads in copper production, with lead and 
 silver associated. Newhouse is a copper camp, and Park City, 
 Alta, Tintic, American Fork, Ophir and Frisco the homes of 
 many celebrated old mines are silver-lead sections. The gold 
 
A- GLIMPSE OF U T A H 
 
 page thirty-five 
 
 camps are Marysvale and Mercur the latter having a cyanide mill 
 of a thousand tons daily capacity. 
 
 These pages can give but a glimpse of Utah, and the great- 
 ness of her mining industry must be measured by the figures of 
 annual production and the millions declared in annual dividends. 
 To name all the principal mines and detail their equipment and 
 daily extraction would require more space than will be found 
 in this book. 
 
 In no part of the mining world is the economy of extraction 
 and the percentage of value salvation better illustrated than in 
 Utah. It will be well worth anyone's while to see this practically 
 illustrated near Salt Lake. In Bingham the mountains are being 
 razed and the topography changed every year. Where once would 
 have worked an army of men with picks and drills, now the steam 
 shovels are eating down the mountains, and untouched by human 
 hands the ores are transferred from the great deposits to the mills 
 and smelters. 
 
 Figures are not always impressive and a long line of them in 
 print may sometimes be helped with a single illustration. The 
 output from the consolidated properties of the "Utah Copper 
 Company" at Bingham aggregates at a low estimate 20,000 tons 
 per day. Allow 35 feet for the length of each car and coupling, 
 allow a capacity of 40 tons per car, and it will be seen that a train 
 three and one-third miles long is needed every day to transport the 
 ores mined, from the mountain to the mill. 
 
 The concentration mills of the consolidated companies at Gar- 
 field are among the largest in the world, and they work unceasingly. 
 The ores are automatically carried from the cars to the crushers, 
 and thence by travelling belts through the rolls and screens to 
 acres of shaking tables which separate the values from the waste 
 sending the metal in a never-ceasing stream to the cars which trans- 
 mit it to the smelters and the waste through a long tunnel to the 
 valley, where it deposits over large areas at the rate of an acre-foot 
 or two per day. 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 F 
 
 U 
 
 A H 
 
 General View 
 
 Bingham Canon, 
 
 Utah's Great 
 
 Copper Camp. 
 
 page thirty-six 
 
 To follow the ores on their travel from the time they leave 
 the mountain until their copper contents have become shining 
 ingots, is an interesting and educating experience. But one does 
 not grasp the greatness of the enterprise until he is told that the 
 daily waste from the mills has built up the valley to the tops of 
 telegraph poles that less than a year ago were thirty feet above the 
 earth. 
 
 C The coking and bituminous ccal measures of Utah are very 
 large and cover a tremendous area. In 1909 the output was two 
 million tons, and the number of employes approximately 3,000. 
 The promise for 1910 is that these figures will be materially 
 increased by better transportation facilities and the opening of 
 many new properties. 
 
 Utah mining is not wholly confined to the extraction of coals 
 and metals. In the northeast portion are great deposits of asphal- 
 tum and the unusual forms of the hydro-carbons known as ozocer- 
 ite, elaterite and gilsonite. Much energy and capital is engaged 
 in the extraction of these products, and the time is coming when 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 OF u r A H 
 
 page thirty-seven 
 
 the whole nation may look to Utah for paving and varnish mate- 
 rials without any fear of the failure of the supply. 
 (J Salt is mined in many portions of the state, and on the Ameri- 
 can Desert, which borders the south shore of the Great Salt Lake, 
 the winds and the waves have formed a solid salt sea. This 
 remarkable deposit is crossed by the Western Pacific Railway and 
 its estimated contents are three hundred and eighty million car- 
 loads. There are inexhaustible sulphur mines in Utah and great 
 deposits of gypsum, and down in Washington County, at Leeds, 
 is a petrified forest from which for more than forty years the 
 crystalized trees of a prehistoric age have been mined and milled 
 for the chlorides of silver. 
 
 To sum it all up, it has already been demonstrated by explo- 
 ration that in underground Utah are deposits of wealth against 
 which her children for generations to come may draw without fear 
 of their exhaustion, and, with this as a foundation for her great- 
 ness, there need be no anxiety about the future prosperity of the 
 state. 
 
 BBB 
 Utah Copper Mine, at Bingham, Utah. 
 
Smelting and Ore Reduction 
 
 THE milling and smelting of ore has kept step in Utah 
 with the march of her mining development. From a few 
 little plants of ten years ago, the industry has grown until 
 mammoth concerns costing many million dollars are in 
 operation, and Salt Lake has become one of the largest, ore-reduc- 
 tion centers of the world. The most notable smelters are: The 
 American plants at Garfield and Murray, the Utah Consolidated, 
 Yampa, United States, the Independent at Ogden, the "Knight" 
 at Tintic and the Majestic in Beaver County. 
 
 The principal reduction mills are : The Utah Copper and Boston 
 Consolidated at Garfield, the Newhouse at Newhouse, the Golden 
 Gate, Sacramento, and Boston-Sunshine at Mercur, and the Daly- 
 West and Silver King at Park City. 
 
 The model smelting town of Garfield at the base of the 
 Oquirrh Range, just west of Salt Lake, is a center of activity. 
 
 Concentrator Plant, Boston Consolidated Mining Company, Garfield, Utah. 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 O F 
 
 u r A H 
 
 page forty 
 
 Here the American Copper Smelter, which cost $5,000,000, and 
 the Utah Copper and Boston Consolidated concentration mills, 
 which cost about $6,000,000, are located, and here may be seen 
 any day an exhibition of modern ore treatment upon a scale as 
 colossal as any in the world. Ores for these plants come largely 
 from Bingham over a branch of the Rio Grande Railroad, and for 
 the smelter from all over the mining West. 
 
 Beyond Garfield seven miles from Tooele City, the Inter- 
 national Smelting and Refining Company, recently organized in 
 
 Copper Smelting Plant, American Smelter Securities Company, Garfield, Utah. 
 
 New York, is building a plant which, according to a statement re- 
 cently made by a representative of the company, is to be "the most 
 modern and best smelting plant ever installed anywhere." The cost 
 of the plant, which includes a railroad seven miles long, will run 
 into the millions of dollars. This plant will be a competitor to the 
 American and will give mining operators the benefit of reduced 
 smelting charges. 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 F 
 
 UTAH 
 
 page forty-one 
 
 Utah treats practically all of her own ores and draws a vast ton- 
 nage from her neighboring states, especially from Nevada, where 
 discoveries follow fast upon each other and values of amazing rich- 
 ness are constantly being disclosed. 
 
 As the years go on and capital and invention combine to pro- 
 duce bullion by more simple and economical methods, the mining 
 of low-grade ores is facilitated, and rock that once was cast aside 
 for its poverty has now become the very corner-stone of Utah's 
 mining industry. 
 
 Ore Concentrator Plant, 
 
 "ompany, Garfield, Utah. 
 
Castle Gate. 
 
 The City of Prove. 
 
Iron, Coal and Other Hydro-Carbons 
 
 NOT to be passed without mention, are the phenomenal iron 
 mines in southern Utah. The pen hesitates to give an es- 
 timate of the vastness of these deposits, or to forecast their 
 future influence upon the welfare of the state. The 
 veins cover many miles of area and outcrop in places to a great 
 height. Mr. John T. Jones, an eminent metallurgist in the employ 
 of a Pennsylvania syndicate, visited these deposits some years ago, 
 
 and after an exhaustive study of them and the conditions for com- 
 mercial iron and steel making, fixed the amount of available ore 
 at four hundred million tons. The ores are magnetic and hemitite, 
 and are almost entirely free from refractory elements. They 
 occur in a belt fifteen to twenty miles long and three to four 
 miles wide. The percentage of iron is about 61. 
 
 Among the largest and most valuable holdings of this iron are 
 those of the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company. Other large inter- 
 
 The Town of 
 Castle Gate. 
 
 Coal Mines and 
 Coke Ovens. 
 
A GLIMPSE OF U T A H 
 
 page forty-four 
 
 ests have about three thousand acres of high-grade ore, and have 
 expended over $100,000 in obtaining land patents. A movement 
 toward the establishment of a plant to convert the ore into pig 
 can not long be deferred. The interesting statement is made that 
 an adequate plant can produce pig at a cost of $5.50 per ton, as 
 against $6.50, the cost in the South, and $7.50, the cost at 
 Pittsburg. 
 
 Q Utah has a certainty of fuel for centuries to come. The coal 
 measures enter the state south of Evanston, Wyo., form a large 
 basin near Coalville, then strike east along the north side of the 
 Uintah Mountains and continue to and around their east end, 
 whence they turn westward and run to the head of Spanish Fork 
 Canon, where they form the Coal Range the water-shed be- 
 tween the Colorado and the Great Basin; thence they run in a 
 southerly direction for many miles, and then bend westward, pass- 
 ing by Cedar City and the iron deposits, and so continue until they 
 leave the state above St. George. These are the coal metes and 
 bounds given by Prof. M. E. Jones, a geologist who for twenty- 
 five years has been a student of Utah's resources. About twenty 
 thousand square miles are included in the limits given. There is 
 no anthracite, but almost all forms of bituminous coal for steam, 
 coke, gas-making and domestic use are found in abundance. The 
 absence of coal (except a few veins of poor lignite) west of Utah 
 insures a steady market for Utah coal on the Pacific Slope. 
 GL, In the chapter on "Minerals and Mining" the production 
 statistics for 1909 are given and mention is there made of the 
 other hydro-carbons ozocerite, elaterite, gilsonite and the various 
 forms of asphaltum which cover an area of more than one thou- 
 sand square miles in northeastern Utah. 
 
Manufacturing 
 
 THERE are all kinds of manufacturing plants in Utah. 
 In the utilization of native raw materials, Utah's people 
 have long been proficient. They were driven by necessity 
 in early days to convert these materials into usable form, 
 and were taught by their leaders to become independent of the 
 outside world, as far as possible, by supplying their needs in home 
 manufactories. The result was the establishment of small plants 
 for silk manufacture, tanning, weaving, cloth and soap-making, 
 and for many other purposes, in the first years of settlement. 
 Before the close of the "fifties" sugar-making machinery was pur- 
 chased in Europe, shipped by way of New Orleans and the Mis- 
 sissippi and Missouri Rivers to Independence, and from there 
 freighted overland to Salt Lake. This plant was only measurably 
 successful, but the attempt at sugar-making then was the beginning 
 of effort which laid the foundations for the great sugar plants in 
 Utah that now turn out annually millions of pounds of refined 
 product. These modern sugar plants are among the largest in the 
 United States, and are operated with a degree of economy and 
 efficiency which has made it possible for the product to meet and 
 defeat in the markets outside sugar sent in to drive it out of local 
 use. Not only do the sugar plants of Utah declare regular and 
 liberal dividends, but directly and indirectly they employ an army 
 of labor and maintain large communities engaged in the cultiva- 
 tion of the sugar beet. Utah's soil is peculiarly adapted to grow- 
 ing beets of high saccharine value. There are said to be nowhere 
 else in the United States such expert beet growers as the farmers 
 of Utah. They have the knack of wringing the highest returns 
 from the land. As fast as increased acreage justifies, new factories 
 spring up, and there seems to be nothing to stop the growth of the 
 Utah sugar industry, except the limits of available land and of 
 market demand. 
 
 The Utah sugar factories are located in Ogden, Logan, Lehi 
 and Garland. These factories have a beet capacity of 2,625 tons 
 per day of twenty-four hours. During 1909 they turned out 
 
GLIMPSE 
 
 O F 
 
 u r A H 
 
 page forty-six 
 
 99,500,000 pounds of sugar, employing 1,105 men, to whom was 
 paid in wages $755,000. The number of beet-raising farmers dur- 
 ing that year, in Utah, was 5,184; tons of beets harvested, 439,000, 
 and amount received by farmers for the beets, $2,133,000. 
 
 Salt Lake, Provo, Ogden, Garland and Logan are manufactur- 
 ing centers. The principal institutions are: shoe factories, soap 
 works, woolen and silk mills, knitting factories, tanneries, canneries, 
 structural iron works and many small plants which turn all sorts of 
 raw materials into commercial form. 
 
 Smelting, ore-milling and bullion refining which are really 
 manufacturing institutions have been sufficiently discussed in a 
 preceding chapter. 
 
 C When it is remembered that in its efforts to increase its mem- 
 bership the Mormon Church has invaded the great manufacturing 
 centers of Continental Europe, it will be understood why Utah 
 has so many skilled artisans, and why the manufacturing spirit is 
 present so generally in the state. It is an interesting fact that 
 whatever article one desires to have made, he is quite likely to find 
 
 Ogden Beet Sugar Factory. 
 
 Lehi Beet Sugar Factory. 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 OF u r A H 
 
 page forty-seven 
 
 some one in Utah who knows just how to make it. A gentleman 
 recently exhibited a handsome Smyrna rug which was woven in 
 Salt Lake, and there are no end of little establishments tucked in 
 out of the way places in Salt Lake, where novel manufactures can 
 
 Telluride Power House, Provo Canon, Utah. 
 
 be found. But there is room for more factories and more will 
 come as the population of the inter-mountain country increases 
 and Utah's wonderful diversity of raw materials becomes better 
 known. 
 
 Q From a small beginning made several years ago, on the Cotton- 
 wood river, near Salt Lake, the production of electrical energy by 
 water power has grown to enormous proportions. 
 
 Almost every mountain stream of sufficient volume has 
 been harnessed, and there are powerful plants at Provo, Ogden, 
 Salt Lake and Logan. The horse-power generated and applied 
 to manufacturing, lighting, heating, the operation of elevators, the 
 various uses of mining and milling, the propulsion of cars, and to 
 various other purposes, runs into many thousand. Lines of trans- 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 F 
 
 u r A H 
 
 page forty-eight 
 
 mission many hundred miles long are convenient to the valley set- 
 tlements, and climb the mountains to every principal mining camp 
 and mine. The cheap power thus furnished has driven steam into 
 the background, and made possible the operation of plants and 
 mines which could not be profitably carried on by the use of coal- 
 made steam. 
 
 Q The salt industry is of growing importance. The principal 
 commercial supply now comes from the Great Salt Lake; but the 
 Western Pacific Railroad crosses a solid salt sea on the south 
 shore of the lake, having an area of 360 square miles and from 
 this, salt for all the world can be shoveled into cars. 
 
 Salt Manufacture, 
 Great Salt Lake. 
 
 In the manufacture of salt, water from the Great Salt Lake is conducted into shallow 
 ponds, where the process of evaporation continues during the hot summer months. At the 
 end of the season, when the water is entirely evaporated, the salt is scraped up in great 
 heaps as shown in the view. 
 
The Uintah Reservation 
 
 UNTIL August, 1905, a very considerable portion of Utah 
 the Uintah Indian Reservation occupying practically 
 the entire northeastern portion of the state was prohib- 
 ited ground. The rich areas of grazing and farming land, 
 the metal-bearing ledges and the vast deposits of various forms of 
 hydro-carbon contained in the reservation, have for years occa- 
 sioned persistent appeals to Congress for the adjustment of the In- 
 dian rights and the throwing open of this valuable area to settle- 
 ment. 
 
 The much desired end has at last been reached and the steady 
 inflow of settlers, prospectors and miners has already begun. 
 Cf Vernal, the county seat of Uintah County, is the principal 
 town and the location of the U. S. Land office, having jurisdiction 
 of the reservation lands. Vernal is in the beautiful Ashley Val- 
 ley, and is surrounded with fine farms and orchards. Its streets 
 are paved and it has gas, banks, churches, fine schools and a num- 
 ber of important business institutions. Other towns springing in- 
 to vigor, are Myton, Moffat, Leland, Theodore, Stockmore and 
 Roosevelt. 
 
 C Prospecting for minerals has only just begun, and the metal 
 contents of the reservation are yet only to be guessed at. Pros- 
 pectors will head for the North Fork country, where the best float 
 and the strongest mineral indications have been found. A large 
 number of copper-bearing properties have been located, and much 
 is said in a whisper of a gold mine of fabulous richness found many 
 years ago, and hidden to await the time when title to it could be 
 lawfully obtained. 
 
 Probably there are not elsewhere in the world such remarkable 
 deposits of ozocerite, elaterite and gilsonite, and such springs and 
 veins of asphalt as the reservation contains. Of these hydro-car- 
 bons, there is enough to supply mankind for generations. The 
 hydro-carbon area covers at least one thousand square miles, and 
 the values it contains are incalculable. Two of these substances, 
 gilsonite and elaterite, are distinctively Utah curios, and another 
 
A GLIMPSE OF UTAH 
 
 page fifty 
 
 ozocerite is said to be found in but one other place in the world. 
 C By treaty terms, the Uintah Indians, who by the way although 
 living, are "good Indians," have been allotted three hundred thou- 
 sand acres of fine farming land which they are rapidly learning to 
 till. The unallotted land, comprising approximately two million 
 acres, is being steadily taken up under the general land laws. A 
 large portion of this land is suitable for farming, and much of the 
 remainder is of fine grazing character. 
 
 All told, the population of the reservation is about 8,000, and 
 the estimate is that there is room for 100,000. 
 
 The addition of this rich region to Utah is an important step 
 in her progress and will rapidly increase her population and wealth. 
 (1, The scenery of the region is most interesting and will well 
 repay a visit. To see the best of it, and to see it most comfortably, 
 one should take the Uintah Railroad, which connects with the 
 Denver & Rio Grande at Mack, Colo., twenty miles west of Grand 
 Junction, and extends northward fifty-four miles to Dragon, 
 whence automobile and stage connections may be made for Vernal. 
 Duchesne and other points. 
 
 This little railroad is a big thing in its way. It winds about 
 through miniature Canons of the Colorado, crosses the picturesque 
 Book Cliffs the like of which for singularity or form there is not 
 climbs grades at times as great as seven and one-half per cent. ; 
 passes by topographical features bearing such suggestive names as 
 "Thimble Rock," "Hell's Hole," "Excavation Canon," "Coyote 
 Basin," "Dead Man's Bench," and gives the traveler such a whirl 
 of ragged ruggedness, natural amphitheaters, obelisks, temples and 
 pinnacles, as he could not experience along any other fifty-four 
 miles of railroad on earth. 
 
 Baldwin locomotives, coaches, observation cars, and gaso- 
 line track autos afford the traveler a choice of accommodations. 
 The train service is regular, charges are moderate, and every em- 
 ployee is a gentleman. What more than this can anyone wish? 
 
 The time is coming when the trip from Mack to and through 
 the reservation will be an experience sought and enjoyed by a 
 host of trans-continental tourists. 
 
New Railroads 
 
 UTAH looks hopefully to the future for more railroads and 
 is building much upon their coming. 
 The San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake (the "Clark 
 Road") was opened for through traffic in May, 1905, 
 and thereupon Salt Lake and Los Angeles to their great delight 
 began shaking hands and exchanging business. This road is the 
 realization of a Salt Lake dream that began a quarter of a century 
 ago. It gives Utah a new highway to the sea, puts Salt Lake and 
 Los Angeles but twenty-six hours apart, and brings to the Salt 
 Lake smelters the ore treasures of the "New Nevada," a region 
 which promises again, as in the days of the "Comstock," to astonish 
 the mining world. 
 
 C The extraordinary copper development at Bingham and the 
 mammoth plants at Garfield for the treatment of Bingham ores 
 have put a new railroad across the Salt Lake Valley a branch of 
 the Denver & Rio Grande. This line transports the mine product 
 to the smelters and carries out to the commercial world the bullion 
 output. But the road now most in the Utah eye is the Western 
 Pacific the new line just completed from Salt Lake to San Fran- 
 cisco, over which the cars of the Denver & Rio Grande now reach 
 
 Solid Salt Sea at Salduro, on the New Western Pacific Railway. 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 O F 
 
 U <f J H 
 
 page fifty-two 
 
 the Golden Gate. The completion of this road was of over- 
 shadowing importance to Utah. It cost about $70,000,000 and 
 illustrates the highest excellence of the railroad building art. The 
 main line passes over the Great Salt Lake, crosses the deserts and 
 the solid salt sea beyond, and, heedless of the Sierras, reaches San 
 Francisco with a maximum grade of only one per cent over a 
 ballasted speed-road of heavy steel. It will be the first western 
 railway to furnish all-steel indestructible cars for passenger travel 
 and will bring into view new scenic wonders. Among these is the 
 canon of the Feather River the California duplication of the 
 Grand Canon of the Arkansas, but longer than that by fifty 
 miles. It will show for an hour the marvelous sea of solid salt in 
 Utah, over which the dancing images of the mirage are the most 
 wonderful in the world. It will have a tremendous part in the 
 making of the new Nevada and give to mining districts, long iso- 
 lated, transportation for their rich ores to Utah smelting plants. 
 There were many obstacles, financial and physical, to overcome in 
 the building of this road; but what are they when twentieth cen- 
 tury Napoleons declare: "There will be no Alps!" The advan- 
 tage of this road to Utah and the whole inter-mountain region is 
 incalculable. 
 
 Q Much could be said of the railroads that long ago entered 
 Utah, and have had their part in its upbuilding, but the reader, 
 
 if he has not al- 
 ready done so, will 
 some day ride over 
 the Denver & Rio 
 Grande and see 
 what a great 
 achievement it is 
 and what wonders 
 are to be seen 
 along its way. 
 
 A Street Scene in Prove, Utah. 
 
Hunting and Fishing 
 
 THE man with a rod and gun can find enjoyment in Utah. 
 There is rare sport to be found in duck, grouse and snipe 
 shooting and in whipping the streams that flow down the 
 Wasatch for speckled and salmon trout. In the open sea- 
 son both sports may be enjoyed to the limit. Ducks darken the 
 air in the fall, and in the summer one can lie on the banks of 
 
 Utah Lake 
 
 and the Oqnirrh 
 
 Range beyond. 
 
 mountain streams and gaze into the deeps upon trout that swim 
 lazily along looking for a "coachman" or a "hackle" to seize upon. 
 Upon the benches along the sides of the mountains and in the 
 canons, grouse and California quail are plentiful, and higher up 
 sometimes one can get a shot at a deer or a bear. 
 
 Duck shooting may be had in almost every part of the state, 
 but the greatest sport will be found in the Salt Lake and Utah 
 Valleys and at the mouth of Bear River. These hunting grounds 
 are among the best in the United States and are much resorted to 
 in the open season. The laws for the protection of all winged 
 
GLIMPSE 
 
 F 
 
 UTAH 
 
 page fifty-four 
 
 game are strict and are rigidly enforced. A small license fee is 
 charged against hunters from without the state. Teal, mallard, 
 red-heads and canvas-backs are generally plentiful. Wild geese 
 in northern Utah and snipe in the Salt Lake valley, are frequently 
 found. Twenty-five ducks constitute a legal bag. The shooting 
 season for duck opens October ist. 
 
 Cf Bass fishing in Utah Lake is rare sport. The lake was stocked 
 with this gamey fish many years ago, and two or three pound spec- 
 imens are frequently caught. The lake is most easily reached from 
 Provo, being only two or three miles distant from that place. 
 
 For trout the Weber, Bear, Provo and Big and Little Cotton- 
 wood rivers are famous, and at certain seasons of the year good 
 catches may be made in Parley's, Lost and East Canon creeks. 
 The laws are favorable to the fish and are strictly enforced. The 
 open season begins June 15th and continues to the close of the 
 year. Speckled, salmon and rainbow trout are the usual run. 
 
 To reach the fishing and hunting grounds, go to Provo, Ogden 
 or Salt Lake City, where supplies and directions can be obtained. 
 
 Trout Fishing in Provo River. 
 
Wasatch Range, 
 
 from 
 
 Salt Lake City. 
 
 Utah s ^iVonderiul Climate 
 
 ONE can feel it from his toes to his finger tips, and can see it 
 in the rich green of the foliage, in the crystalline air and 
 the gleam of the sunshine; but no one can write it down 
 for others to feel and see. 
 
 There is no other climate like it. It is not warm not cold, 
 not damp not dry just a happy medium between the ex- 
 tremes, with a breath of salt sea air thrown in. Altitudes that 
 vary to suit all human wants, and to foil the diseases that shorten 
 life elsewhere; enough rain to help the farmer; enough snow to 
 store up water for irrigation; enough cold to now and then spread 
 out sheets of ice for skating boys and girls ; enough heat to make a 
 dip in the Great Salt Lake at Saltair one of the joys of living 
 these are salient features of Utah's climate. Go and enjoy it the 
 world doth not contain its equal. 
 
 The Utah climate, while not so easily measured against money 
 returns as bullion and the products of orchard, range and farm, is 
 a valuable and enduring asset of the state. Not only has it drawn 
 to the state men and women of brains and wealth, but it has made 
 of Salt Lake City and Ogden resting places for the weary and worn 
 in the struggle of life. One of its peculiarities is that it furnishes 
 sea-air with altitude. A breath from the Great Salt Lake is as 
 soft and saline as any ever drawn in at ocean side. 
 
 The best of all climates is that where moderate extremes only 
 are experienced, and that is Utah's climate. The average summer 
 
A 
 
 GLIMPSE 
 
 O F 
 
 U 
 
 A H 
 
 page fifty-six 
 
 temperature at Salt Lake is about 72 degrees, and the winter, 32 
 degrees. The altitudes vary from Logan to St. George, and be- 
 tween the two will be found "a fit" for any customer. St. George 
 
 but little beyond the last southern rail of the Denver & Rio 
 Grande has an ideal winter climate that will steadily grow in 
 favor as it becomes better known. The elevation is low, the air is 
 dry, snow and rain are seldom seen, and flowers bloom there in 
 January. 
 
 Q This is the end of the book. It could have been longer, but it 
 might have been tedious, and that is one thing a book must not be. 
 Perhaps it will do good in carrying to the world information about 
 Utah which oth I erwise might never have gotten out. If 
 this proves to A be true, it is well the book was written, 
 even though J&4 it ma Y not nave been well written. 
 
 Eagle Gate, Salt Lake City. 
 
 Engraved and Printed by 
 
 The Carson-Harper Co. 
 Denver.