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QUESTIONS ON MANUAL 
 sTc>IILITARY TRAINING 
 
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QUESTIONS ON 
 
 MANUAL ^/MILITARY 
 
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 BY MAJOR JAS. A. MOSS, V. S. Army 
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 Girr OF 
 
PRELUDE 
 
 THE OBJECT AND ADVANTAGES OF MILITARY 
 TRAINING 
 
 Object 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 ]< *. .' " l.'!&(iyantages of Military Training 
 
 are the principal ^advantages of military training ? 
 ""***-* 'din. the grbilitylto use his hands, does the soldier's all around 
 
 What control does the soldier's mind exercise over his limbs and body? 
 (15) 
 
 In shooting, what parts of the man's body does the mind cause to work 
 in harmony? (15) 
 
 What does the soldier acquire by learning control of his body and the 
 habits of discipline? (15) 
 
 How does military life and training teach a man loyalty? (16) 
 
 What does the smooth running of the military machine depend upon? 
 (17) 
 
 How are the habits of orderliness instilled in a soldier? (17) 
 
 Upon what is self -confidence founded? (18) 
 
 What gives the soldier self-confidence? (18) 
 
 What does respect for constituted authority teach the soldier? (18) 
 
 What parts *of a soldier's instruction train his eye and mind to observe? 
 (19) 
 
 In drilling, patrolling, and all phases of a soldier's training, what prin- 
 ciples are taught the soldier? (20) 
 
 What is the cardinal habit of a soldier? (21) 
 
 How does this habit increase his value in civil life? (21) 
 
 What does military training with its drills and other forms of physical 
 exercise give a soldier? (22) 
 
 What other physical benefits does this mean? (22) 
 
 What is one of the greatest blessings of life? (22) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 5 
 
 PART I 
 
 DRILLS, EXERCISES, CEREMONIES AND 
 INSPECTIONS 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 INFANTRY DRILL REGULATIONS 
 
 Definitions 
 
 What is meant by alignment? (24) 
 
 In any movement what is meant by the base? (25) 
 
 What is the battle sight? (26) 
 
 What is the center of a command? (27) 
 
 What do you mean by a column? (28) 
 
 What is meant by deploy? (29) 
 
 What is depth? (30) 
 
 What is distance and how is it measured? (31) 
 
 What is the distance between rank either in column or line? (32) 
 
 What is an element? (33) 
 
 What is (a) a file; (b) a file leader; (c) a blank file? (34) 
 
 What is meant by flank? (35) 
 
 When we speak of a formation what is meant? (36) 
 
 What is meant by front? (37) 
 
 What is the front of a* man assumed to be? (37) 
 
 What is a guide? (38) 
 
 What is meant by head as applied to a formation of troops? (39) 
 
 What is, meant by interval? (40) 
 
 What is the interval between men in ranks? (40) 
 
 How is interval measured? (40) 
 
 What is the difference between interval and distance? (40 and 31) 
 
 What is meant by the left of a command? (41) 
 
 What is a line formation? (42) 
 
 What is close order ? ( 43 ) 
 
 What is extended order? (44) 
 
 What is meant by a pace? (45) 
 
 How long is a pace? (45) 
 
 What is the point of rest? (46) 
 
 What is a rank? (47) 
 
 What is the right of a body of troops? (48) 
 
 What do we mean by "Echelon"? (49) 
 
 Show by diagram a battalion in echelon. (49) 
 
 Introduction 
 
 What is the ultimate object of all military training? (50) 
 When may success in battle be looked for? '(50) 
 Who is responsible for the training of organizations? (51) 
 By what is the excellence of an organization judged? (51) 
 Upon what does the field efficiency of an organization depend? (51) 
 In the training of an organization, what is indispensable to the effi- 
 ency of the whole? (51) 
 
 Only by what means may the requisite teamwork be developed? (51) 
 What is essential to correct training for battle? (52) 
 What principles do the Drill Regulations provide? (53) 
 What should be sought in the interpretation of the regulations ? ( 53 ) 
 
6 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TRAINING 
 
 What is quibbling over the minutiae of form indicative of? (53) 
 
 What is the object of drills executed at attention and the ceremonies 
 (55-a) 
 
 What is the purpose of extended order drill? (55-b) 
 
 What is the nature of such drills? (55-b) 
 
 How is extended order drill executed? (55-b) 
 
 What is the largest unit which executes extended order drill? (55-b) 
 
 What is the object of field exercises and how should each conclud 
 (55-c) 
 
 What does the combat exercise consist of? (55-d) 
 
 What should combat exercises simulate as far as- possible ? (55-d) 
 
 What should be done in order to familiarize officers and men with batt 
 conditions? (55-d) 
 
 What is necessary in order to voice the proper control of the firing lin 
 (55-d) 
 
 By what should every combat exercise be followed? (55-d) 
 
 When is the enemy said to be imaginary? Outlined? Represente< 
 (56) _ 
 
 Give the arrangements of the elements of preparatory commands co 
 sisting of more than one part: (a) for movements to be executed succe 
 sively by subdivisions; (b) for movements to be executed simultaneously ' 
 subdivisions. (57.) 
 
 Where "double time" forms part of a command, what is its position 
 same? (60) 
 
 What is done at the command; 1. In place; 2. HALT? What is do 
 with the pieces? (63) 
 
 (a) What is the rule as to the guide of the company or subdivision 
 same? (b) When is this rule departed from? (c) When announceme 
 of the guide forms part of command for a movement, where is the announc 
 ment with respect to the word "March," and what exception to this rule 
 there, if any? (65) 
 
 By what and when is used: (a) the turn on fixed pivot; (b) the turn on 
 moving pivot? (66) 
 
 What do the designations line of platoons, line of companies, line of 
 battalions, refer to? (68) 
 
 Why and when does each man place the left hand on the hip? (70) 
 
 Give the rule regarding the posts of special units (mounted orderlies, 
 etc.) at other than ceremonies. (72) 
 
 Give the rule for the post and formation of the staff of a general offi- 
 cer. (73) 
 
 For ceremonies, what is done with mounted men of a regiment not be- 
 longing to the machine gun organization? (76) 
 
 What is the post of a dismounted non-commissioned staff officer at cere- 
 monies? (77) 
 
 For other than ceremonies, where are non-commissioned officers and 
 orderlies? (78) 
 
 Orders, Commands, and Signals 
 
 When does a movement ordered by a signal commence? (82) 
 What does the word ' l order ' ' embrace in the Infantry Drill Regulations, 
 
 and when is an order used? (85) 
 
 What is said regarding enunciation of (a) preparatory commands, and 
 
 (b) commands of execution? (87) 
 
 Name the bugle signals that may be used (a) off the battlefield, and (b) 
 
 on the battlefield. (90) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 7 
 
 Describe the whistle signals. (91) 
 
 Describe the signal (s) : (a) Forward, march; (b) Halt; (c) Double 
 ime, march; (d) Squads right, march; (e) Squads left, march; (f) Squad 
 ight about, march (to the rear, if extended) ; (g) Change direction or 
 olumn right, march; (h) As skirmishers, march; (i) As skirmishers, guide 
 enter, march; (k) As skirmishers, guide right, march; (1) As skirmishers, 
 ruide left march; (m) Assemble, march ; (n) Range, or change elevation; 
 o) Suspend firing; (p) Cease firing; (q) Platoon; (r) Squad; (s) Rush. 
 92) 
 
 Of what use are the signals platoons and squad? (93) 
 
 Describe the signal flags carried by the company buglers in the field. 
 94) 
 
 Give the letters of alphabet, with meaning of the same, used to com- 
 nunicate between the firing line and the reserve or the commander in rear. 
 96) 
 
 School of the Soldier 
 
 Give the position of the soldier, or attention. (99) 
 
 Give the commands for the^ different classes of rests and describe execu- 
 ion of same. (100-1) 
 
 Describe: 1. Eight (left); 2. FACE and "to face in marching." 
 104) 
 
 Describe: I. About; 2. FACE, (105) 
 
 What is done at: 1. Eight (left^, hand; 2. SALUTE! (106^1 
 
 Does the soldier ever step off with right foot in executing command : 
 4 arch? (107) 
 
 What are the length and the cadence of the different steps ? (108) 
 
 What is done at the preparatory command in: 1. Forward; 2. MAR^Rf 
 110) 
 
 What is done in preparatory command in: 1. Double time; 2. MARCH? 
 are the forearms brought up? (HI) 
 
 In resuming quick, from double time, is one step in double time taken 
 fter the command: March? (Ill) 
 
 How high is the foot raised in mark time? May it be ordered from the 
 alt? (112) 
 
 What are the commands to resume the full step from half step or mark 
 ime? (113) 
 
 What is the length of side step? How is piece carried while executing 
 ame? (114) 
 
 What is the length of back step? How is piece carried while executing 
 ame? (115) 
 
 Describe execution of: 1. Squad; 2. HALT. (116) 
 
 Describe execution of: 1. By the right (left) flank; 2. MARCH. 
 117) 
 
 Describe the execution of: 1. To the rear; 2. MARCH. (118) 
 
 Describe the execution of: 1. Change step; 2. MARCH. (119) 
 
 What are the rules that govern the carrying of the piece: (a) as regards 
 artridges and safety locks; (b) inspection of piece; (c) cut off; (d) bay- 
 net; (e) executing command march when at order; (f) movements exe- 
 uted at trail without caution to that effect; (g) coming to order on halt- 
 ig. (121) 
 
 What are the rules that govern the execution of the manual: (a) as to 
 le thumb of left hand at balance; (b) motion next to last in coming to 
 rder arms; (c) abuse of the rifle; (d) execution by numbers; (e) carry - 
 ng piece in manner not prescribed? (122) 
 
8 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 Describe position of order arms standing. (123) 
 Being at order, how is: 1. Present; 2. ARMS executed? (124) 
 Being at order, how is: 1. Port; 2. ARMS executed? (125) 
 Being at present, how is: 1. Port; 2. ARMS executed? (126) 
 Being at present or port, how is: 1. Order; 2. ARMS executed? (128 
 Being at order, how is: 1. Eight shoulder; 2. ARMS executed? (129 
 Being at right shoulder, how is: 1. Order; 2. ARMS executed? (130 
 Being at port, how is: 1. Eight shoulder; 2. ARMS executed? (131) 
 Being at right shoulder, how is: 1. Port; 2. ARMS executed? (132) 
 Being at right shoulder, how is: 1. Present; 2. ARMS executed? (133 
 Being at present, how is: 1. Eight shoulder; 2. ARMS executed? (134' 
 Being at port, how is: 1. Left shoulder; 2. ARMS executed? (135) 
 Being at left shoulder, how is: 1. Port; 2. ARMS executed? (136) 
 What is the rule for coming to left shoulder from any other position ii 
 
 manual, and reverse? (136) 
 
 Being at order, how is: 1. Parade; 2. REST executed? (137) 
 
 Being at order, how is: 1. Trail; 2. ARMS executed? What secondar; 
 
 position of piece may be sometimes used? (139) 
 
 Being at right shoulder, how is: 1. Eifle; 2. SALUTE executed? (141] 
 Being at order or trail, how is: 1. Eifle; 2. SALUTE executed? (141 
 Being at order, how is: 1. Fix; 2. BAYONET executed? (a) Whei 
 
 carried on the belt; (b) when carried on haversacks? (142) 
 
 Being at order, how is: 1. Unfix; 2. BAYONET executed? (a) Whei 
 
 carried on belt; (b) when carried on haversack? (143) 
 
 Being at order, how is: 1. Inspection; 2. ARMS executed? (145) 
 Being at inspection, how is: 1. Order (Right shoulder, port) ; 2. ARMS 
 
 executed? (146) 
 
 What are the commands to dismiss the squad? (147) 
 
 School of the Squad 
 
 When the corporal leaves the ranks to leave his squad, what is done: 
 (a) by his rear rank man; (b) by No. 3, rear rank, if anything? (150) 
 
 In school of squad, how is: 1. Eight (left); 2. DRESS; 3. FRONT exe 
 cuted? (154) 
 
 To preserve the alignment when marching, what command is used' 
 (155) 
 
 The squad being in line at a halt, what are the commands for taking 
 intervals and how are they executed? (156) 
 
 Being at intervals, what are the commands to assemble, and how are 
 they executed? (157) 
 
 Being in line at a halt and having counted off, what are the commands 
 to take the distances, and how are they executed? (158) 
 
 Being at distances, what are the commands to assemble the squad, anc 
 how are they executed? (159) 
 
 In what way does command for stacking arms vary from the rule laid 
 down in paragraph 38? (160) 
 
 How is STACK ARMS executed? (160) 
 
 How is TAKE ARMS executed? (161) 
 
 In stacking and taking arms, what is done when No. 2 is a blank file? 
 (161) 
 
 What preliminary instruction is laid down to teach squad how to oblique? 
 (162) 
 
 How is: 1. Eight oblique; 2. MARCH executed? What do the men do if 
 halt is given; what is command to resume original direction; what is com- 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 9 
 
 nand to resume oblique march if at half step or mark time while obliquing? 
 1163) 
 
 In school of squad, how is: 1. Eight (left) turn; 2. MARCH executed? 
 '164) 
 
 How is: 1. Squad right (left); 2. MARCH executed? (165) 
 
 The squad being in line, what are the commands to cause it to turn on 
 ixed pivot and halt? (166) 
 
 The squad being in line, what are the commands to cause it to turn about 
 ind march, and how is movement executed? (167) 
 
 The squad being in line, what are the commands to cause it to turn about 
 ind halt, and how is movement executed? (168) 
 
 How is FOLLOW ME, by the corporal, executed: (a) In line or line of 
 jkirmishers, and (b) if in column? (169) 
 
 What are the commands for deploying the squad as skirmishers and how 
 Ls the movement executed? (170) 
 
 Who is the guide of a single squad deployed as skirmishers? (170) 
 
 What is the interval between skirmishers and what is the front of a 
 squad deployed? (171) 
 
 What are the commands for increasing or decreasing intervals between 
 skirmishers? (172) 
 
 (a) Can a deployed squad be assembled and at the same time continue 
 ihe advance? If so, how? (b) What restriction is there on assembling? 
 (173) 
 
 Describe how to "KNEEL." (174) 
 
 Describe how to "LIE DOWN." (175) 
 
 What is the position of order arms lying down? (175) 
 
 When kneeling or lying down in double rank, what do the rear rank men 
 do: (a) at the commands for loading; (b) at the commands for firing? 
 (179) 
 
 Iii firing by volleys, does "LOAD" follow each command "FIRE"? 
 (180 and 189) 
 
 What are the commands, if prescribed, in the firings for target and sight- 
 setting? (181) 
 
 When are the aiming point and sight-setting designated? (181) 
 
 The men are standing at ease in skirmish line and the corporal com- 
 mands RANGE, TWELVE HUNDRED, what do the men do? (183 and 
 188) 
 
 When deployed, is the use of the sling obligatory? (184) 
 
 Being in line or skirmish line at the halt, what are the commands for 
 oading? (185 and 186) 
 
 What are the positions of load: (a) standing: (b) kneeling; (c) lying 
 down? (185) 
 
 What is said of using the rifle as a single loader? (186) 
 
 In executing "UNLOAD," with cartridges, what is necessary in order 
 to close the bolt after the last cartridge is ejected? (187) 
 
 Give specimen command for sight-setting. *(188) 
 
 What are the commands for firing by volley, and how are they executed? 
 
 What are the commands to continue firing by volley? (189) 
 
 What are the commands for firing at will? (190) 
 
 What are the commands for increasing or decreasing rate of fire at will, 
 and what is the rate per minute of such class of fire to which the men should 
 be trained? (191) 
 
 What are the commands for firing by clip, and how are they executed? 
 (192) 
 
10 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 
 How is firing suspended, and what is done at such command! (193 
 What is done at CEASE FIRING? (194) 
 
 What method of advance equivalent to crawling is suggested? ^ 
 
 A man acting alone is fired upon unexpectedly, what is his best course of 
 action? (198) 
 
 School of the Company 
 
 What is the minimum number of men in a squad? (203) 
 
 Into how many platoons is the company divided, and upon what does the 
 number depend? (204) 
 
 What is said of the numbering and designations of platoons and squads? 
 (205) 
 
 How are platoons assigned to leaders? (206) 
 
 What use is made of the first sergeant as guide or platoon leader? Ol 
 the supply sergeant? (207) 
 
 What is said of division into platoons when, company has less than four 
 squads? (209) 
 
 What are the posts: (a) in a company in line of the officers, sergeants 
 and buglers; (b) of a company in column of squads, (c) in column of pla- 
 toons, (d) in skirmish line at a halt? (Plate 11) 
 
 (a) What platoon guides are also company guides, and when? (b) in 
 platoon movements where are the platoon guides? (210) 
 
 What are the commands to change file closers from one flank of a col- 
 umn of squads to the other? (b) In what direction is the dress in column 
 of squads? (211) 
 
 What is the rule as to execution of the manual and of the loadings and 
 firings by file closers? (212) 
 
 What do the right and left guide do in taking intervals and distances ? 
 (213) 
 
 What commands do the platoon leaders repeat, and what commands are 
 given by the captain only? (214) 
 
 What does the first sergeant do in forming the company? (21o) 
 
 What is said about drSling the company in single rank? (21(5) 
 
 Describe how to dismiss the company? (217) 
 
 What is the post of the captain in the alignments? (218) 
 
 The company being in line, what are the commands to turn on iixed 
 pivot, and how are they executed? (219) 
 
 The company being in line, what are the commands to form column of 
 platoons, or the reverse, and how are they executed? (220) 
 
 The company being in line, what are the commands to form column of 
 squads, or the reverse, and how are they executed? (221) 
 
 The company being in line, what are the commands to change direction 
 (i. e., turn on moving pivot), and how are they executed? (222) 
 
 The company being in column of platoons, what are the commands for 
 changing direction, arid how are they executed? (223) 
 
 The company being in column of squads, what are the commands for 
 changing direction, and how executed? (224), 
 
 The company being in column of squads, what are the commands to form 
 line of platoons, or the reverse? (225) 
 
 The company being in line, what are the commands to form column of 
 squads and change direction, and how are they executed? (226) 
 
 The company being in line, what ar6 the commands to form line of pla 
 toons? (227) 
 
 What are the commands to march the company to the rear turning by 
 squads, and how are they executed? (228) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 11 
 
12 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 Are slower methods of advance than the rush allowable? (261) 
 
 What is the rule as to deploying the support? (262) 
 
 Who controls the movements of the support, and what is said as to siz 
 
 of bodies reinforcing the firing line? (263) 
 
 In what manner does a reinforcement join the firing line? (264) 
 What is prescribed for officers and sergeants in the reinforcement tha 
 
 joins the firing line? (266) 
 
 When the company is acting alone , what duties have platoon leaders re 
 
 garding combat patrols? (268) 
 
 Who gives commands for firing when in skirmish formation? (270) 
 What is said as to use of whistle: (a) under usual conditions of fire am 
 
 (b) when advance is by rushes? (271) 
 
 What duties, if any, have the buglers with respect to firing? (272) 
 
 What restriction as to range is there in use of blank cartridges? (273' 
 
 What is the classification of ranges based on distance? (275) 
 
 How is the range to an objective usually determined? (277) 
 
 What is said as to use of volley firing in action? (278) 
 
 What is said as to fire at will in action? (279) 
 
 What is said as to clip fire in action?* (280) 
 
 How does a company learn its objective: (a) in attack and (b) in de 
 
 fense, and when should change of target be made? (281) 
 How is fire on all parts of objective secured? (282) 
 How is fire directed on an invisible portion of the target? (284) 
 Under fire direction, what is said as to the duties of a captain when 
 
 company is large enough to be divided into platoons? (286 and 287) 
 What is the fire unit in combat? (287) 
 
 Under fire control, what are the duties of platoon leaders? (288) 
 Under fire control, what are the duties of platoon guides and squad leac 
 
 ers? (289) 
 
 What does fire control imply? (290) 
 
 What does fire discipline imply? (291) 
 
 What shots contribute to fire superiority in combat? (291) 
 
 What are men taught regarding the rate of fire? (292) 
 
 At what times is heavy fire particularly desirable? (293) 
 
 In defense what do platoon leaders do when the target disappears 
 
 behind cover? (294) 
 
 School of the Battalion 
 
 In school of the battalion, what are the primary duties of a major 
 (295) 
 
 What determines the order of companies in battalion? (297) 
 
 Does the numerical designation of companies in battalion ever change 1 
 (298) 
 
 What preparatory commands do eaptains repeat, and what commands dd 
 they not repeat? (300) 
 
 What are the posts of the major and staff, and of the color in the dif- 
 ferent formations of the battalion? (Plate III) 
 
 What do captains do at the major's command guide center (left or 
 right)? (301) 
 
 What are the rules governing captains, when dressing their companies in 
 battalion? (302) 
 
 What changes in the commands given in the school of the company are 
 prescribed for the execution of simultaneous movements by companies or 
 platoons, and who gives the command Halt or March, and Front, in the com j 
 pletion of such movements? (305) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TEAINING 13 
 
 Describe the formation of the battalion in line? (308) 
 
 What do captains do when the major gives commands for loading? 
 (306) 
 
 How is the battalion formed for other than ceremonies? Describe for- 
 mation? (307) 
 
 Describe the formation of the battalion in line. (308) 
 
 Describe how to rectify the alignment of a battalion'? (310) 
 
 What are the commands to give battalion a new alignment? Describe 
 the execution? (311) 
 
 Describe how to rectify the column in a battalion? (312) 
 
 The battalion being in column of squads or companies, what are the 
 major's commands to form on right into line, and how are they executed? 
 (313) 
 
 The battalion being in column of squads or companies, what are the ma- 
 jor 's commands to form front into line, and how are they executed? (314) 
 
 Being in column of squads, what are the major's commands to form col- 
 umn of companies successively to the right or left, and how are they exe- 
 cuted? (315) 
 
 Being in column of companies, what are the major's commands to form 
 column of squads successively to the right or left and how are they exe- 
 cuted? (316) 
 
 Being in column of companies or close column, what are the major's com- 
 mands to change direction, and how are they executed? (317) 
 
 Being in line of companies 'or close line, what are the major's commands 
 to change direction, and how are they executed? (318) 
 
 Being in line, line of companies, column of companies, or column of 
 squads, what are the major's commands for mass formations, how are they 
 executed in each case, and what are the rules for guides? (320) 
 
 Being in close column or close line, what are the major's commands to 
 extend the mass, and how are they executed? (321) 
 
 By what commands is column of squads formed: (a) from close column 
 and (b) from close line? (323 and 324) 
 
 How is the battalion assembled from whole or partial deployment? 
 (326) 
 
 Combat Principles 
 
 What term is used for the instructions of a major to his captains? 
 (328) 
 
 What points should the tactical orders of a major cover? (329) 
 
 When does the major provide for the reconnaissance and protection of 
 flanks? (330) 
 
 Prior to what deployments does the major issue extra ammunition? 
 (331) 
 
 What principles govern as to time of deployment of the battalion? 
 (333) 
 
 Who determines the depth of the deployment and density of firing line 
 when a battalion is deployed? (334) 
 
 What is said of the march into place of companies designated for the fir- 
 ing line? (334) 
 
 What is said as to a major holding part of his battalion out of the firing 
 line? (335) 
 
 In regiment, who usually determines the number of companies a major 
 places in the firing line? (336) 
 
 What is said of position of support when battalion is acting alone? 
 (337) 
 
14 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILTTAEY TEAINING 
 
 What is said as to distance at which battalion supports follow the firing 
 line? (338) ^ 
 
 Is an entire battalion or an entire regiment ever placed in the firing 
 line? (339) 
 
 Fire direction and fire control are functions of what commanders when 
 the battalion is in combat? (340) 
 
 Who apportions the target to the different units on the firing line? 
 (340) 
 
 Who determines the point at which companies in battalion open the fire 
 fight? (341) 
 
 To what extent should a major push his battalion forward in combat? 
 (343) 
 
 What is said as_to time of opening fire in combat? (344) 
 
 What is said as to relation between loss by artillery fire and that by in- 
 fantry? (345) 
 
 At what distance from the enemy will advance by rushes generally have 
 to be resorted to? (346) 
 
 What is the rule as to size of fraction making rush, what is advantage 
 of large fraction, and why are small fractions resorted to? (346) 
 
 When once the unit making the rush has become small, should it subse- 
 quently ^be increased? (347) 
 
 What company of a battalion normally begins the rush and on whose ini- 
 tiative is it begun? (348) 
 
 What is said as to length of rush? (349) 
 
 When does the major join the firing line? (352) 
 
 In battalion, what should be the size of fractions reinforcing the firing 
 line? (353) 
 
 Does the front of a company on the firing line ever change, and if so, 
 what result has such change on arriving reinforcements? (354) 
 
 In battalion, who determines when bayonets shall be fixed, and how is it 
 done? (355) 
 
 With a battalion in the firing line, who determines when the charge shall 
 begin, and what is done when the signal is given? (356) 
 
 In defense, what are the major's duties respecting intrenching? (358) 
 
 In defense, what rule controls as to number of rifles in the firing line? 
 (359) 
 
 In what way does the defense differ from the attack in time of open 
 fire? (360) 
 
 In defense, who causes bayonets to be fixed? (361) 
 
 In defense, what is the duty of the support in case the firing line with- 
 draws? (362) 
 
 What is said as to size of support and opportunities for use of same when 
 the battalion is alone on the defensive? (363) 
 
 Combat 
 
 What does modern combat demand of the infantry? (365) 
 To gain decisive results, what must the infantry do? (367) 
 What quality and abilities will win the local combats? (367) 
 What is said of theoretical as compared to practical instruction in train- 
 ing of infantry for combat? (369) 
 
 In what particular does company extended order drill differ from a com- 
 bat exercise? (370) 
 
 Describe how, in general terms, a combat exercise is carried out as re- 
 gards the duties of inspector, umpire and assistant umpire. (371) 
 
 ening 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING Jfi 
 
 What are the fundamental characteristics of successful leadership ? 
 (372) 
 
 What, on the part of a leader, form the soundest bases of successful 
 iombat, and what is said of change of plan? (373) 
 
 What class of combats are to be avoided, and why? (374) 
 
 What qualities are requisite to plans and methods for war? (375) 
 
 What is said of officers as regards the orders under which they are act- 
 ing and of the requirements they place on their troops? (377) 
 
 What is said of making detachments that break up units, and a deploy- 
 ment that causes intermingling? (378) 
 
 What conclusion is drawn from the increased difficulty of controlling 
 deployed troops? (379) 
 
 What is said of officers and men belonging to fighting troops who leave 
 ;heir posts to carry back wounded? (381) 
 
 What is laid down as to carrying the pack in combat? (382) 
 
 What is said as to the post of a commander: (a) before entering action; 
 (b) during the action, and (c) when troops are victorious? (383) 
 
 What is said of division of task between a commander and his subor- 
 dinates? (384) 
 
 What is the comparison between any consistent act and a hesitating 
 ! search for the best action? To what must a subordinate conform in his 
 decision as to act or not? (386) 
 
 In working for the general result, what should a subordinate commander 
 do? (387) 
 
 When is it allowable for an officer to depart from an order? (388) 
 
 What duties are incumbent upon officers and men when units intermin- 
 gle in combat? (389) 
 
 What is prescribed for an officer or non-commissioned officer who be- 
 comes separated from his unit in combat? (390) 
 
 What should men who become detached from their own unit do in com- 
 bat? (391) 
 
 Depending on size of unit, when is initial order for combat written and 
 when oral, and what is said as to subsequent orders? (392) 
 
 Is initial combat order for regiment written or oral, and what is ad- 
 vised as to subsequent orders and messages? (393) 
 
 On what is based the initial combat order of any commander or subor- 
 dinate, and what, when possible, precedes the formation of such basis? 
 (394) 
 
 What subjects are included in a combat order? (395) 
 
 In what manner should the combat order avoid encroaching upon func- 
 tions of subordinates? (396) 
 
 What is the rule as to giving orders to commanders of next lower units 
 and to any subordinates? (397) 
 
 In combat, how is communication maintained? (398) 
 
 In a division, what headquarters are usually connected by the division 
 signal corps troops? (399) 
 
 By whom is communication from brigade headquarters down maintained? 
 (400) 
 
 What means are usually practicable to communicate between the firing 
 line and the major or colonel? (401) 
 
 Who attends to communication between the artillery and the firing line? 
 (402) 
 
 What can be prevented by reconnaissance, preliminary to combat? 
 (403) 
 
16 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 What is the necessity for reconnaissance during combat? (404) 
 What determines the strength of reconnoitering party?" (405) 
 To what extent do separate columns reconnoiter in an advance of several 
 columns? (406) 
 
 What kind of reconnaissance must be made before an" attack, and to 
 what method may it be necessary to resort? (407) 
 
 In what kind of engagements may it be necessary to be content with/ 
 hasty and imperfect reconnaissance? (408) 
 
 Why must reconnaissance be kept up in defense? (309) 
 What class of reconnaissance is important to a firing line? (410) 
 Does infantry covered by cavalry patrols send out reconnoitering par- 
 ties? (411) 
 
 When does the commander of a flank battalion provide for reconnais- 
 sance? (412) 
 
 What patrols are established by battalion commanders in the first line? 
 (413) 
 
 Fire Superiority 
 
 What effect on the course of a battle has fire superiority? (414) 
 To obtain fire superiority, what is necessary? (415) 
 Upon what considerations do volume and accuracy of fire depend, and 
 how? (415) 
 
 When is long-range fire permissible? (416) 
 
 Is the tendency in the attack to hurry or to delay opening fire? (417) 
 How does the defense differ from the attack as to time of opening fire? 
 (418) 
 
 In what kind of encounters is a hurried opening of accurate fire with 
 battle sight of great advantage? (419) 
 
 What are the two requisites of ground favorable for men firing, and 
 what is done by a portion of a firing line when target is for a moment hid- 
 den? (420) 
 
 What kind of ground is particularly bad for a firing line as regards visi- 
 bility? (421) 
 
 What is the rule as to choice of target by men firing? (422) 
 What is said as to frequent change of target? (423) 
 How does the importance of correct sight-setting vary with the range? 
 (425) 
 
 How will distance usually be determined: (a) in the attack and (b) in 
 the defense? (426) 
 
 What method of assigning targets will keep the entire hostile line under 
 fire, even during rushes, and why is this desirable? (427) 
 
 How can correctness of sight-setting and distribution of fire be verified? 
 (428) 
 
 How can it be determined whether the fire fight is being properly con- 
 ducted? (429) 
 
 What is the distinguishing mark of trained troops in combat? (430) 
 What is necessary to insure discipline in the firing. line? (431) 
 Ordinarily, in the attack what additions to ammunition carried into the 
 combat can be expected by troops in the firing line? (432) 
 
 How can true economy of ammunition be practiced by the attack? (433) 
 In what ways does artillery aid infantry to gain fire superiority? (434) 
 How does the supporting artillery assist the infantry: (a) in the at- 
 tack and (b) in the defense? (435) 
 
 What is said of friendly artillery firing over the heads of the infantry 
 in attack? (436) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 17 
 
 How is the artillery notified that further firing over the infantry ad- 
 vancing in attack is inadvisable! (437) 
 
 When is infantry said to execute fire of position? (438) 
 
 Deployment 
 
 In what formation are troops ordinarily placed prior to deployment for 
 combat, and why? (439) 
 
 In what manner is a division deployed for action as regards the orders 
 and actions of the various commanders? (440) 
 
 Does the commander of subordinate units precede or follow his unit in 
 the deployment for combat? (441) 
 
 In the deployment of a large force for combat, who is charged with the 
 protection of the front and flanks? (442) 
 
 What results from a premature deployment of the firing line? (443) 
 
 In the large units, what is the best course of action in case original de- 
 ployment is found to be in a wrong direction? (444) 
 
 What is said as to the proportion of a force that will Actually be em- 
 ployed at some stage of the combat? (445) 
 
 What are the advantages of a dense firing line? (446) 
 
 How dense is the firing line in attack or a stubborn defense? (447) 
 
 In a comparatively thin firing line, which is preferable: to have the 
 skirmishers uniformly distributed or to have units in dense line with gaps 
 between units? (447) 
 
 When may a relatively thin firing line be employed? (448) 
 
 Upon what does the length of firing line of the whole force depend? 
 (449) 
 
 In a decisive attack, how strong should the strength in rear (supports 
 and reserves) of the firing line be? (449) 
 
 In the original deployment, what proportion is held in reserve by each 
 commander, and how does strength of reserve vary with size of force? 
 (450) 
 
 When a large front is divided up into series of battle districts, what is 
 said as to density of line in different districts? (452) 
 
 In the firing line, where can a unit occupy the larger front, as an interior 
 or as a flank unit? (453) 
 
 What units deploy on the firing line and furnish their own support? 
 (455) 
 
 What ordinarily is the smallest unit that holds out a reserve? (455) 
 
 Attack 
 
 When is an attack bound to succeed, and how are such conditions gained? 
 (456) 
 
 What is said of direct frontal attack with large forces? (457) 
 Why are wide turning movements generally inadvisable in small forces? 
 (458) 
 
 What is regarded as the best method of attack? (459) 
 When, if ever, should both flanks of an enemy be enveloped? (560) 
 In what lies the advantage of an enveloping attack? (461) 
 What is essential in carrying out an enveloping attack? (462) 
 At what distance may it be necessary to deploy when exposed to artil- 
 lery fire? (463) 
 
 In case it is deemed necessary to move forward and deploy at night, 
 what advance preparation is advisable? (464) 
 
18 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 (a) When does each unit assigned a task in the firing line deploy? 
 (b) What is the interval between battalions on the firing line? (c) 
 What units have their objective pointed out on a map and what on the 
 ground? (465) 
 
 Where with respect to the firing line is the reserve held? (466) 
 
 To what range should a firing line advance before opening fire? (467) 
 
 What is the best way to escape loss in the firing line while advancing? 
 (468) 
 
 What is prescribed for deployed infantry that finds it necessary to ad- 
 vance through deployed artillery? (470) 
 
 What is prescribed as to advance elements of the firing line firing, and 
 when should fire be opened on the main position of the enemy? (471) 
 
 In the attack, at what firing position is the attempt to gain fire superior- 
 ity first made? (472) 
 
 What results from an attempt to advance without fire superiority? (473) 
 
 What are the surest signs that fire superiority has been secured? (474) 
 
 What results if troops that have been checked attempt to turn back, and 
 what-is their best course of procedure? (475') 
 
 What is prescribed for supports and reserves that occupy intrenchments 
 constructed by the firing line? (476) 
 
 What is usually necessary to drive an enemy out of his position? (478) 
 
 Between what limits will the distance over which a charge is made vary? 
 (479) 
 
 To what extent does the charge depend upon the action of the comman- 
 der of the attacking line, and what is prescribed for battalions when the 
 signal to charge is given? (480) 
 
 What precaution should the commander take before ordering a charge? 
 (481) 
 
 How should an already dense firing line be strengthened, and is it ever 
 allowable to send in the last reserve for such purpose? (482) 
 
 What is said of arriving on a captured position with very compact firing 
 line, and of an additional force kept well in hand? (483) 
 
 What should a battalion do in case a neighboring battalion begins a pre- 
 mature charge? (484) 
 
 What results from a confidence in their ability to use their bayonet f 
 (485) 
 
 In case the enemy leaves before the attack reaches his position, what is 
 the best course of procedure? (486) 
 
 What troops take up the pursuit of an enemy forced out of his position? 
 (487) 
 
 What is required of officers when an attack receives a temporary set- 
 back? (488) 
 
 What is prescribed when attack must be abandoned? (489) 
 
 What is necessary to reap full fruits of a successful attack? (490) 
 
 What are the functions of the various parts of an attacking force after 
 a successful attack? (491) 
 
 What is done when a captured position is a section of a general line? 
 (492) 
 
 Following the immediate pursuit from the assault, what kind of pursuit 
 is most effective? (493) 
 
 In what principal particulars does attack on fortifications differ from 
 others? (495) 
 
 When the fortification is strong, what method of attack may be found 
 advisable? (496) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 19 
 
 When may charge on fortifications be made without fire preparation? 
 (497) 
 
 In siege operations, how are troops usually advanced to the charging 
 point? (498) 
 
 How vigorous should a holding attack be, and how does formation of 
 troops for same differ from normal? (499) 
 
 How does strength of supports and reserves in holding attack differ from 
 normal? (500) 
 
 In case holding attack may develop into real one, what change in dis- 
 tribution of troops is made? (501) 
 
 Do feints employ dense or thin firing lines? (502) 
 
 Defense 
 
 What are the first, and other requirements of a good defensive position? 
 (503) 
 
 How are natural advantages of a defensive position enhanced? (504) 
 
 To what extent should the artificial strengthening of a defensive position 
 be carried when time and troops are available? (505) 
 
 Is it ever advisable to construct trenches that will not be occupied? 
 (506) 
 
 By whom are the location, extent, profile garrison, etc., of field works 
 determined? (507) 
 
 How may trenches be simulated in combat exercises? (508) 
 
 Upon what does the density of deployment in defense depend? (509) 
 
 How does density of firing line and supports vary in defense, and what 
 results as to length of line as compared to same in attack? (510) 
 
 How does the size of reserve in defense compare with same in attack? 
 (511) 
 
 In what way does post of supports in defense differ from same in at- 
 tack? (512) 
 
 How does post of reserve in defense differ from same in attack? (513) 
 
 When situation is no longer in doubt, where should reserve be held in 
 defense? (514) 
 
 In case reserve in defense has been placed in rear of flank from which 
 counter attack is to be made, and call for help conies from opposite flank, 
 what rule governs as to size of detachment sent? (515) 
 
 Who assigns and subdivides the front in defense? (516) 
 
 How is an extended position in defense divided? (517) 
 
 Upon what depends the size of the unit occupying each section into Trhich 
 a defensive position has been divided? (518) 
 
 How is dead ground in front of one section of a defensive position 
 treated? (519) 
 
 How are advanced posts regarded? (520) 
 
 When do troops occupy the firing line of a defensive position in advance 
 of the combat, and when is such occupation delayed? (521) 
 
 What, in addition to fire, must be depended upon to stop the attack? 
 (522) 
 
 What should be done by the defense in anticipation of a night attack? 
 (523) 
 
 What kind of fire is of value in a night attack? (524) 
 
 When should a passive defense be assumed? (525) 
 
 How can a favorable decision be expected by the defense? (526) 
 
 In what way does the condition of the flanks influence the character of 
 the defense? (527) 
 
20- QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 Where should troops intended for a counter attack by the defense be 
 held, and how does strength of such force and the firing line vary with the 
 decision to assume an active defense? (528) 
 
 How should the counter attack by the defense be made? (529) 
 
 When are minor counter attacks necessary? (530) 
 
 What are the important considerations when a position is taken merely 
 to delay the enemy? (531) 
 
 What is said of density of firing line in a delaying action, and of the 
 position of supports and reserve? (532) 
 
 What arms are of special value in a delaying action? (533) 
 ..How are meeting engagements characterized? (534) 
 
 What indicates in a meeting engagement the proper general action? 
 (535) 
 
 What qualities are of especial value to a commander in a meeting en- 
 gagement? (537) 
 
 Upon what depends the amount of information a commander is war- 
 ranted in awaiting in a meeting engagement? (538) 
 
 What is said of the value of rapid deployment in a meeting engagement, 
 and what conduces to same? (539) 
 
 How does formation and distribution of the first troops to deploy in a 
 meeting engagement differ from the ordinary? (540) 
 
 What is laid down as the action for the leading troops in a meeting en- 
 gagement when the situation warrants the advance? (541) 
 
 Where should the commander of a long column be, and what is action of 
 advance guard and of the column in case a meeting engagement develops? 
 (542) 
 
 Prior to the receipt of orders, upon what does the action of the advance 
 guard depend in a meeting engagement? (543) 
 
 What course of action in a meeting engagement may be forced upon a 
 commander by the haste or aggressiveness of the enemy? (544) 
 
 Withdrawal from Action 
 
 What must be done when it is no longer possible to give the action a 
 favorable turn? (545) 
 
 How do the auxiliary arms assist in a withdrawal after defeat? (546) 
 
 What is done with an intact reserve, if one exists, when withdrawal after 
 defeat becomes necessary? (547) 
 
 What is said of the withdrawal of a general line divided by terrain or by 
 organization into two or more parts, and as to that of a continuous line? 
 (548) 
 
 Having given orders for a withdrawal from action, what does a com- 
 mander next do? (549) 
 
 What is the summary of things that should be done or left undone by a 
 commander in or preparing for combat? (550) 
 
 Machine guns 
 
 Are machine guns of constant or of infrequently periodic use? (551) 
 Why is the use of machine guns in a large engagement considered to be 
 
 limited to short and critical periods? (552) 
 
 Are machine guns of value with an advance guard? If so, in what way? 
 
 (553) 
 
 To what kind of rear guards are machine guns valuable? (554) 
 
 How in the attack can machine guns be used to the greatest advantage ? 
 
 (555) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TRAINING 21 
 
 What is said as to the use of machine guns in the defense? (556) 
 What is said as to the use of machine guns in the reserved (557) 
 What is said of machine guns with the firing line of an attack? (558) 
 What is the effect of machine gun fire: (a) against a firing line that is 
 
 walking or running and (b) against one that is crawling or lying down? 
 
 (559) 
 
 What is the method of procedure against machine guns by infantry act- 
 ing alone? (560) 
 
 What is the desirable maximum rate of fire of Machine Guns? (561) 
 The fire of a machine gun is equal to that of about how many men? 
 
 (561) 
 
 How are machine guns usually mounted? (562) 
 
 Give some of the various methods of transporting machine g-uns. (563) 
 
 What means are taken to conceal the machine guns? (564) 
 
 In night firing, how is the flame of the discharge concealed? (564) 
 
 Give one of the German methods of concealing their machine guns? 
 
 (564) 
 
 In villages where are machine guns usually located? (565) 
 
 On the defense, where are machine guns mounted? (566) 
 
 In the attack, what is the duty of machine guns? (566) 
 
 Why must some machine guns accompany the attack? (566) 
 
 How do machine guns permit of a great economy of men on a front? 
 
 (566) 
 
 What advantage has this to any force? (566) 
 
 Draw a diagram showing a machine gun emplacement? (566) 
 
 What is the accepted role of machine guns in the attack? (567) 
 
 What is the best position for machine guns when accompanying troops? 
 
 (567) 
 
 In what way do machine guns economize in men? (568) 
 
 Explain how this was done by the Germans on the Eussian front in 1915. 
 
 (568) 
 
 Ammunition Supply 
 
 In the absence of instructions, what does the major do with his combat 
 train when separating from it for an engagement? (570) 
 
 After refilling, what does the combat train of a battalion do in an en- 
 gagement? (571) 
 
 Who is responsible that the belts of the men are kept filled with car- 
 tridges under ordinary conditions? (572) 
 
 On the firing line, what ammunition does the soldier first expend? (573) 
 What men carry ammunition to the firing line? (574) 
 Immediately following an engagement, what steps are taken regarding 
 the ammunition? (575) 
 
 Mounted Scouts 
 
 For what, in general terms, are mounted scouts used? (576) 
 When are mounted scouts of special importance? (577) 
 For what kind of duty should the mounted scouts be used in preference 
 to others? (578) 
 
 What class of officers should be specially trained in patrolling? (579) 
 
 Night Operations 
 
 Why are night operations resorted to, and what is the greatest difficulty 
 in samef (580) 
 
 What prior preparations fit troops for night operations? (581) 
 
22 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 What arrangements must be made in preparation for night operations? 
 (582) 
 
 How does the need for secrecy in night operations show itself? (583) 
 What is said of long inarches as night operations? (584) 
 What usually terminates a night advance made with a view: (a) to at- 
 tacking by day and (b) the assault at daybreak? (585) 
 
 To what are night attacks ordinarily confined, what kind of troops are 
 necessary, and what course of action is advisable? (586) 
 
 What is said regarding reconnaissance in preparation for a night attack? 
 (587) 
 
 How does the time of night selected for the attack vary? (588) 
 In a night attack, what is said: (a) regarding formations employed; 
 (b) the kind of action to be relied upon; and (c) what is done in case of a 
 successful assault? (589) 
 
 In night operations, what is prescribed for the defense: (a) in anticipa- 
 tion of attack; (b) when it is learned the enemy is approaching; (c) when 
 bayonets are fixed by different fractions; (d) when to open fire; (e) at 
 what range fire may be expected to be effective and (f ) how to arrange an 
 aid for sighting? (590) 
 
 Infantry against Cavalry 
 
 What is necessary for a cavalry charge to be successful against infan- 
 try? (591) 
 
 How are the different types of cavalry charges met by infantry? (59-2) 
 What is the best individual position to meet a charge? (593) 
 In the melee, what is said as to: (a) bayonet against saber; (b) set- 
 ting sights, and (c) long range fire? (594) 
 
 What should an infantry column do if it encounters cavalry? (595) 
 What course is best for infantry that attacks dismounted cavalry? (596) 
 
 Infantry against Artillery 
 
 What is said: (a) of frontal attack by infantry against artillery; (b) 
 of same by machine gun fire, and (c) the best way of attacking same? 
 (597) 
 
 By what method can infantry attack artillery to advantage? (598) 
 What power has infantry against guns out of ammunition? (599) 
 When may artillery be attacked by infantry with impunity? (600) 
 
 Artillery Supports 
 
 What is the purpose of the artillery support, and how is it ordinarily 
 provided for? (601) . 
 
 When is the detail of an artillery support necessary? (602) 
 
 What is said concerning the formation of an artillery support on a 
 march? (603) 
 
 What is said of the formation and location of an artillery support in 
 action? (604) 
 
 What is prescribed regarding the duties of artillery support? (605) 
 
 Minor Warfare 
 
 What kinds of operations are embraced in minor warfare, and what tac- 
 tics are applicable to regular operations? (606) 
 
 Describe irregular operations in minor warfare, the bodies against which 
 they are directed, the tactics employed against such bodies, and the princi- 
 pal characteristic of methods of operations employed? (607) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 23 
 
 In irregular operations, what is said as to information, reconnaissance 
 and march and bivouac formations? (608) 
 
 In irregular warfare in open country where surprise is not probable, 
 how may troops march? (609) 
 
 In irregular warfare, in close country where surprise is possible, what 
 kind of formation of troops is advisable as regards main body, advance 
 party, patrols and formation good for narrow road or trail where a rush is 
 to be expected? (610) 
 
 What is regarded as a minimum size for the detachments into which a 
 command may be split in irregular warfare? (611) 
 
 In irregular warfare, what is said of selection of site of bivouac or 
 camp, and of occupation of same? (612) 
 
 What is said of night operations in irregular warfare? (613) 
 
 Ceremonies 
 
 What determines the post of an organization at formation for cere- 
 monies? (614) 
 
 At whose command do the various staffs execute present arms and order 
 arms, and at whose does the lieutenant colonel? (615) 
 
 In assembly of regiment for ceremonies, how many times is adjutant's 
 call sounded and what is done at each call? (616) 
 
 What markers are posted, and by whom, for reviews? (617) 
 
 What is said of officers of the same or higher grade and of distinguished 
 personages accompanying a reviewing officer? .(^17) 
 
 In case the reviewing officer alone, or accompanied by his personal staff 
 uiily, rides around the troops, what results? (618) 
 
 What salutes to the color are rendered and by whom, during the ride 
 around troops at review? (618) 
 
 What salutes are returned from the reviewing stand, and who returns 
 them? (618) 
 
 In passing in review, when does each staff salute, and how do officers 
 and enlisted men without arms salute? (619) 
 
 What does the commander of the troops do after passing the reviewing 
 officer? (620) 
 
 In case the reviewing officer is dismounted, what results for the com- 
 mander of troops and his staff after turning out of column? (621) 
 
 What is said as to salute by colors to the reviewing officer? (622). 
 
 What rules govern the playing by bands" at reviews? (623) 
 
 In line, what accompanies a salute by the colors? (624) 
 
 How may formation for review be modified, and what portion may be 
 dispensed with? (625) 
 
 What changes result from the post of the reviewing officer being on 
 the left of the column? (626) 
 
 What gaits are used by foot troops at review? (627) 
 
 What is prescribed for battalions in, reviews of brigades or larger com- 
 mands after passing the reviewing stand? (628) 
 
 What may a colonel do with his regiment in a brigade or larger review? 
 (629) 
 
 What is prescribed where a review is before an inspector junior to the 
 commander? (630) 
 
 In battalion review: (a) when does the major face to the front; (b) 
 when does he command present arms; (c) what does he do after saluting, 
 following his command of present arms; (d) when does he join the review- 
 ing officer and on what side; (e) when and how does he leave the review- 
 
24 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 ing officer; (f) what does he next command; (g) how does the column pro- 
 ceed with the execution of his command; (hj what does the major do after 
 the column is under way; (i) how and when do the major and his staff sa- 
 lute; (k) how does each captain or special unit commander salute; (1) how 
 do dismounted noncommissioned officers in command of subdivisions and 
 the drum-major salute; (m) what color salutes, and when; (n) what does 
 the major do after saluting the reviewing officer in marching past? (631) 
 
 When the battalion arrives at its former position in review, what com- 
 mand does the major give, and how is it executed? (632) 
 
 Who may permit the major and his staff to be dismounted at battalion 
 review? (633) 
 
 What is prescribed for an officer receiving a parade while the band is 
 sounding off? (634) 
 
 How are reports from companies rendered at command report given by a 
 battalion adjutant, and how is same done in regiment? (635) 
 
 Describe a battalion parade. (636) 
 
 Describe escort of the color. (637) 
 
 Why are escorts of honor detailed, and how do they proceed? (639) 
 
 Where is a funeral escort formed and what command is given upon the 
 appearance of the coffin? (640) 
 
 What is said of the gait of a funeral escort going to and returning from 
 the place of interment? (640) 
 
 What is the order of procedure of a funeral escort from the time it forms 
 line opposite the grave until taps are sounded? (640) 
 
 When does the field music sound the march, flourishes or ruffles at the 
 funeral of a general officer? (641) 
 
 When are arms presented by a funeral escort in the case of escorting the 
 remains from the quarters to the church? (644) 
 
 How is company inspection carried out by the company commander? 
 (646) 
 
 How is inspection of camp or quarters carried out by a company com- 
 mander? (647) 
 
 How is that part of company inspection relating to equipment carried 
 out by the company commander? (648) 
 
 What changes result in company inspection when the inspector is other 
 than the company commander? (649) 
 
 What is the formation of battalion for inspection? (650) 
 
 At battalion inspection, what does the major first command, and what is 
 done at such command? (650)' 
 
 Describe the course of a battalion inspection from the time the inspector 
 approaches the major until completion of inspection of color guard and 
 noncommissioned staff? (650) 
 
 What is the course of procedure at each company in battalion inspection ? 
 (651) 
 
 What course of action is allowable in battalion inspection that lasts a 
 longtime? (652) 
 
 During what part of battalion inspection does the band play, who gives 
 the command for its inspection and how does each man carry out this com- 
 mand? (653) 
 
 In battalion inspection, who accompanies the inspector through camp or 
 quarters of each company? (654) 
 
 Who is provided with muster rolls at a muster, and what accompanies 
 each roll? (655) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 25 
 
 What is formation of troops for muster, and what occurs in each com- 
 pany at approach and during presence of mustering officer? (656) 
 
 How are men reported in hospital, on guard, etc., at muster, verified? 
 (656) 
 
 What does the word " color" imply and include? (658) 
 
 Where are the colors kept in quarters and in camp? (659) 
 
 When are colors "cased"? (659) 
 
 What salutes are rendered by (a) the regimental color and (b) by the 
 national color? (660) 
 
 Of what do&s the color guard consist? (661) 
 
 When carried, where is the regimental color with respect to the national 
 color? (661) 
 
 What are the various posts of the colors in the different formations? 
 (664) 
 
 What do the colors do when with, a battalion that takes the battle for- 
 mation? (665) 
 
 What movements of the manual and in the loadings and firings are exe- 
 cuted by the color guard? (666) 
 
 What is done by the color guard on receiving and parting from the col- 
 ors? (667) 
 
 How are the colors received by the color company? (668) 
 
 What is done with the colors when the battalion is dismissed? (669) 
 
 With the color: (a) what is the carry; (b) what is the order; (c) what 
 is parade rest; (d) when is order resumed from parade rest; (e) and how 
 does the color salute? (670) 
 
 Manual of the Saber 
 
 Describe: 1. Draw; 2. Saber. (671) 
 
 What use is made of the saber now? (672) 
 
 Describe: 1. Present; 2. SABER. (673) 
 
 Describe: 1. Order; 2. SABER. (674) 
 
 In the manual, when should the saber be brought to the carry? (675) 
 
 Describe: 1. Parade; 2. REST, when armed with the saber. (676) 
 
 How is the saber carried when marching in double time? (677) 
 
 Describe: 1. Return; 2. SABER. (679) 
 
 How do enlisted men armed with a saber execute inspection arms? (680) 
 
 Describe how a company forms for shelter tents. (681) 
 
 The company having formed for shelter tents, describe the further pro- 
 cedure of pitching tents. (682) 
 
 How is pitching shelter tents varied from the normal when the pack is 
 not carried? (683) 
 
 How may double shelter tents be pitched? (684) 
 
 How is the single sleeping bag arranged? (685) 
 
 How is the double sleeping bag arranged? (686) 
 
 Describe how to strike shelter tents. (687) 
 
 Describe how to pitch common and wall tents. (688) 
 
 Describe how to pitch the pyramidal tent. (688) 
 
 Describe how to pitch the conical wall tent. (689) 
 
 Describe how to strike common wall, pyramidal and conical wall tents. 
 (690) 
 
 Describe how to fold common wall, hospital and storage tents. (691) 
 
 Describe how to fold the pyramidal tents. (691) 
 
26 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 Calls 
 
 Name the "warning calls. " (692) 
 
 Which warning calls may be classed as service calls also? (692) 
 
 Name the "formation calls." (693) 
 
 Name the alarm calls. (694) 
 
 Name the "service calls." (695) 
 
 Appendix A 
 
 What is the usual position of the cut off? (696) 
 
 Describe unfix bayonets for the Krag rifle. (697) 
 
 How is inspection arms executed with the Krag rifle? (698) 
 
 What is done when Order (right shoulder, port) arms is given from in- 
 spection with the Krag rifle? (699) 
 
 What is the position of the safety lock with pieces (a) locked; (b) 
 at the ready? (700) 
 
 How is the command with blank cartridges, Load, executed with the 
 Krag rifle (a) when standing; (b) when kneeling or sitting; (c) when lying 
 down? (701) 
 
 What is done at the command Fill Magazine? (702) 
 
 How is the Krag rifle unlocked? (703) 
 
 Explain Clip Fire with the Krag rifle. (70-4) 
 
 What is done at Cease Firing with the Krag rifle? (705) 
 
 Appendix B 
 
 For troops equipped with General Orders 23, War Department, 1906. 
 
 Having closed ranks and stacked -arms what is done at the command: 1. 
 Unsling; 2. Packs. 3. Open; 4. Packs. (706) 
 
 How are troops formed for shelter tents? (707) 
 
 Describe how to pitch the shelter tent. (708) 
 
 How are the places of the frontpoles marked when the packs are carried 
 in the wagons? (709) 
 
 How are intervals taken for pitching double tents? (710) 
 
 Describe pitching double shelter tents. (710) 
 
 CHAPTER II 
 MANUAL OF THE BAYONET 
 
 In addition to fire action what is often necessary to success? (711) 
 What is the object of instruction in the Manual of the Bayonet? (712) 
 How soon should instruction in bayonet combat begin? (715) 
 What is the distance between men in all directions for bayonet exercises? 
 (718) 
 
 How should the instructor illustrate all movements especially for a sol- 
 dier just learning the exercises? (719) 
 
 Are these exercises executed in cadence? (719) 
 How often should rests be given and why? (720) 
 What kind of a weapon is the bayonet? (721) 
 Name the principal parts of the bayonet. (721) 
 Name the parts of the blade. (722) 
 
 Give the total length of the blade; of the rifle with bayonet fixed. (722) 
 What is the weight of the bayonet ; of the rifle with the bayonet fixed ? 
 (722) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 27 
 
 Instruction without the Rifle 
 
 What is as important in bayonet exercise as the ability to parry, cut, or 
 thrust? (723) 
 
 Foot movements are made from what position and on what part of the 
 foot? (724) 
 
 What is the command for coming to the position of guard (without the 
 rifle)? (725) 
 
 How is it executed? (725) 
 
 To resume the attention what command is given? (726) 
 
 Give the command and explain, "advance." (727) 
 
 Give the command and explain, "retire." (728) 
 
 Give the command and explain, "front pass." (729) 
 
 Give the command and explain, "rear pass." (730) 
 
 What are the passes used for? (730) 
 
 Give the command and explain, "right step." (731) 
 
 Give the command and explain "left step."- (732) 
 
 What are the steps used for? (730) 
 
 Instruction with the Rifle 
 
 Explain "bayonet exercise, guard," with the rifle. (734) 
 
 By what command and how does the soldier come to the order from the 
 position of guard? (735) 
 
 Describe "thrust." (736) 
 
 How is "lunge" executed? (738) 
 
 Explain < < butt strike. " ( 739 ) 
 
 What are the points of attack nr order of their importance? (739) 
 
 Describe "cut down." (740) 
 
 Describe "cut right" ("left"). (741) 
 
 Against what part of your enemy are the cuts especially useful? (741) 
 
 Give a command that will cause an attack to be executed to the right, 
 rear, etc. (742) 
 
 How are the turning movements best accomplished? (742) 
 
 How is accuracy in thrusting or lunging attained? (743) 
 
 What purpose do dummies serve? (745) 
 
 Describe a suitable dummy. (746) 
 
 Explain < ' parry right, " ( " left " ) . ( 748-9 ) 
 
 Describe "parry high." (750) 
 
 How may the left hand support the rifle in parry high? (750) 
 
 Describe "low parry right" ("left"). (751) 
 
 Why are these parries rarely used? (752) 
 
 How should all parries be made and what should be avoided? (753) 
 
 How are attacks from the right, left or rear provided against? (754) 
 
 Instruction without the Bayonet 
 Describe "club rifle, swing." (755) 
 
 Is this attack permitted in fencing or against dummies? (755) 
 From what positions in the Manual of Arms may club rifle be taken? 
 (756) 
 
 When only will it be used? (756) 
 
 Combined Movements 
 
 What is the purpose of combined movements? (757) 
 How many movements may be used in combination? (758) 
 Give a command that will include three movements. (758) 
 
28 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING , 
 
 Practical Bayonet Combat 
 
 Why should the soldier be taught to take the offensive and always main- 
 tain it? (761) 
 
 In personal combat what should you watch? (763) 
 
 What part of the opponent's body must you always be watching for a 
 chance to attack? (765) 
 
 On what duty is the butt useful? (766) 
 
 Fighting a man armed with a sword what must be guarded against. 
 (767) ( 
 
 Which side of a mounted man do you attempt to gain? (770) 
 
 Fencing Exercises 
 
 Of what do fencing exercises in two lines consist? (772) 
 
 How are the men formed for fencing exercise and how are they num- 
 bered? (774) 
 
 What are the intervals* and distances used? (774) 
 
 Describe " salute 7 ' in fencing. (775) 
 
 Give the command for coming to the position of guard in fencing exer- 
 cises and explain the movement. (766) 
 
 Explain " engage left," ("right")* ("left and right"). (777-9) 
 
 What is the command of execution for an attack? (784) 
 
 How are assaults divided? (785) 
 
 What are the three simple attacks? (786) 
 
 Give a command for a simple assault. (787) 
 
 Explain the disengagement; counter disengagement. (788-9) 
 
 What is a counter attack or return? (790) 
 
 What is the purpose of attacks made on the rifle? (791) 
 
 Explain the "press"; the "beat"; the "twist." (792-5) 
 
 Give a command for an attack which will include the "'beat. " (794) 
 
 What is a feint? (796) 
 
 Give a command for an assault in which a feint occurs. (797) 
 
 What is a counter feint? (801) 
 
 Give a command that will combine several of the various movements and 
 will require an attack by one, and a parry and return by the other oppo- 
 nent. (802) 
 
 Fencing at Will 
 
 In fencing at will what should be continually encouraged? (810) 
 
 What is the command for fencing at will? (812) 
 
 By what command is fencing at will terminated? (812) 
 
 Give some of the rules for fencing at will. (817) 
 
 Lessons of the European War 
 
 Against what part of an adversary 's body should an attack be made and 
 
 why? (824 a) 
 
 In the melee on the parapet who has the best chance? (824 b) 
 
 In the excitement of a melee what must a soldier be careful not to do? 
 
 (824 b) 
 
 What is the position of the feet as taught by the British? (824 c) 
 
 What two attacks have been found especially useful? (824 d) 
 
 Describe the position of the guard at "short point." (824 e) 
 
 Exlain how the "short point" is executed. (824 e) 
 
 Describe the "jab." (824 f) 
 
 How may these attacks be practiced and when are they useful? (824 e-f) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 29 
 
 When is the rifle butt useful and at what points is it usually directed? 
 (824 g) 
 
 How is the bayonet withdrawn from an opponent's body? (824 i) 
 
 In the first stages of training what is special attention paid to? (824 j) 
 
 Following this what is taught? (824 j) 
 
 What training should follow individual instruction? (824 j) 
 
 Describe the British targets for bayonet instruction? (824 j) 
 
 How are men taught the effects of a charge? (824 j) 
 
 How are men trained to carry their rifles in the charge? (824 j) 
 
 CHAPTER III 
 
 PHYSICAL TRAINING 
 
 Methods 
 
 In planning methods for the employment of physical training what fac- 
 tors must be considered? (825) 
 
 In general, into what three classes is it advisable to divide the men? 
 (825) 
 
 When possible when should these drills be held? (825) 
 What must be insisted upon in these movements? (825) 
 How may the drill be made attractive? (825) 
 What kind of exercises should be given first? (825) 
 Where should drill be carried on when possible? (825) 
 How should men be taught to breathe in these exercises? (825) 
 What does labored breathing indicate? (825) 
 
 What exercises will afford relief in cases of labored breathing or palpi- 
 tation? (825) 
 
 When should exercises never be given? (825) 
 What should one never do immediately after exercising? (825) 
 What action should be taken when the body is warm from exercising? 
 (825) 
 
 What is said about cold baths after exercising? (825) 
 What is the best material to wear next to the skin during physical drill? 
 (825) 
 
 Commands Setting-up Exercises 
 
 What two kinds of commands are there? (826) 
 
 After a movement has begun how is it continued instead of repeating 
 the command? (826) 
 
 How may the voice indicate that "halt" is to be given? (826) 
 Describe the position of "attention." (827) 
 
 Illustrate the position to be assumed at the command rest or at ease. 
 (827) 
 
 Explain "count off." (826) 
 
 Describe how "take distance" is executed. (828) 
 How is the squad assembled after distance has been taken? (828) 
 What are the most common physical defects? (829-833) 
 What exercises are given for drooping head? (830) 
 How are round or stooped shoulders corrected? (831) 
 How may a weak back be strengthened? (832) 
 Give some of the exercises for a weak abdomen. (833) I 
 What exercises are given for increasing the depth and width of the shoul- 
 ders? (834) 
 
.30 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 How are .the best results obtained from physical exercises? (835) 
 
 What is the rule in setting-up exercises? (835) 
 
 Give the starting positions for the five arm exercises. (836) 
 
 Describe the combination arm exercises. (836) 
 
 Why are setting-up exercises important? (837) 
 
 What do they do for the body and its parts? (837) 
 
 Describe the quarter bend exercise for the trunk. (838) 
 
 What other exercises are given for the trunk? (838) 
 
 Give the command and explain one leg exercise. (839) 
 
 Explain, giving the command, for the shoulder exercise. (840) 
 
 Describe the neck exercise. (841) 
 
 Explain the breathing exercise. (842) 
 
 Give the command and explain the toe exercise. (843) 
 
 Explain, giving commands, the "leaning rest on four counts. " (844) 
 
 What is the length and cadence of the step in quick time? (845) 
 
 When exercising on the march what command is given to discontinue the 
 
 exercise? (845) 
 
 Give some of the commands for exercises while marching. (845) 
 What is the length and cadence of the step at double time? (846) 
 Give some of the arm exercises that may be executed while marching at 
 
 the double time. (846) 
 
 Rifle exercises 
 
 What is the object of these exercises? (847) 
 Give the command for and explain the starting position. (847) 
 Explain how the piece is brought to the order from the starting position. 
 (847) 
 
 Describe the first exercise of the first group. (848) 
 Describe the second exercise of the first group. (849) 
 Describe the third exercise of the first group. (850) 
 Describe the fourth exercise of the first group. (851) 
 Describe the first exercise of the second group. (852) 
 Describe the second exercise of the second group. (853) 
 Describe the third exercise of the second group. (854) 
 Describe the fourth exercise of the second group. (855) 
 Describe the first exercise of the third group. (856) 
 Describe the second exercise of the third group. (857) 
 Describe the third exercise of the third group. (858) 
 Describe the fourth exercise of the third group. (859) 
 
 Gymnastic Contests 
 
 How often should gymnastic contests be indulged in? (860) 
 
 Explain cane wrestling. (860) 
 
 Describe cane twisting. (860) 
 
 How is cane pulling executed? (860) 
 
 What is the " bucked " contest? (860) 
 
 Describe single and double pole pushing. (860) 
 
 Explain the < ' cock fight. ( 860 ) 
 
 Describe Indian wrestling. (860) 
 
 Name and describe one other gymnastic exercise. (860) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 31 
 
 CHAPTER IV 
 SIGNALLING 
 
 Signals and Codes 
 
 For all visual signalling what code is used? (861) 
 Give the dots and dashes for 
 
 Each letter of the alphabet; 
 
 Each number; 
 
 Period, comma, interrogation. (861) 
 
 What are the more important conventional flag signals used for? (861) 
 What may be substituted for flags? (861) 
 
 Wigwag 
 
 In wigwag signalling what is the position of the flag at starting? 
 (862-1) 
 
 What are the three motions used and what does each indicate? (862-1) 
 
 Explain how the beam of a searchlight may be used without a shutter. 
 (862-2) 
 
 Describe the wigwag signalling with a torch or hand lantern. (862-3) 
 
 How do you call a station 
 
 If the call letter is known? 
 
 If the call letter is unknown? (862-4) 
 
 How do you acknowledge a call? (862-4) 
 
 Describe how the flag should be handled in signalling. (862-5) 
 
 What is the proper way of making " front' 7 ? (862-5) 
 
 How should the body be worked in making the right and left motions? 
 (8r>2-5) 
 
 How should the flag be kept in making " front"? (862-5) 
 
 The Two-arm Semaphore Code 
 
 How may semaphore signalling be done? (863) 
 
 How should the sender stand? (863) 
 
 How should the body be worked in making letters requiring the use of 
 both arms on the same side of the body? (863) 
 
 What should be done when a letter repeats? (863) 
 
 In receiving what should be done if you miss a letter? (863) 
 
 If you miss a word? (863) 
 
 How should the positions for the various letters be taken? (863) 
 
 Illustrate in the case of "L." (863) 
 
 What should you do in making D, J, K, P, T and V? (863) 
 
 What should be acquired first? -(863) 
 
 How is the "chop-chop" signal made? (863) 
 
 What signal is made at the end of 
 A word? 
 A sentence? 
 A message? (863) 
 
 What is signalled in case of an error? (863) 
 
 How do you break in? (863) 
 
 Explain the use of the signal, ' ' Numerals, ' ' hi connection with the send- 
 ing of numerals? (863) 
 
 Illustrate the position of the flags for the letters of the alphabet. (863 
 Plates I and II) 
 
32 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TRAINING 
 
 What letter is used for 
 'Error"? (863) 
 'Negative "I (863) 
 'Preparatory"? (863) 
 'Annulling"? (863) 
 ' Interrogatory " ? (863) 
 'Affirmative"? (863) 
 'Acknowledge"? (863) 
 
 What 
 
 position of the flags is used for 
 
 'Attention"? 
 
 'Interval"? (863) 
 Explain signalling with the heliograph flash lantern and search light 
 when a shutter is used. (864) 
 
 How may sound signals be made? (865) 
 Explain signalling by sound. (865) 
 Where only is the Morse Code used? (866) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MAN KM, OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 PART II 
 COMPANY COMMAND 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 THE GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF A COMPANY 
 
 What does the proper performance of the duty of a company commander 
 
 demand of him? (867) 
 
 What two kinds of duty does the command of a company divide itself 
 
 nto? (867) 
 
 What does the government of a company include? (867) 
 What does the administration of a company include? (867) 
 What are the prerequisites of good administration? (867) 
 
 The Captain 
 
 What is it the captain's duty to provide for the men of the company? 
 (868) 
 
 What is one of the officer's most important duties with reference to his 
 men? (868) 
 
 Discuss the assigning of work and responsibility to the lieutenants and 
 noncommissioned officer. (869) 
 
 What are the captain's duties with reference to his lieutenants and what 
 should he require of them? (869) 
 
 The Lieutenant 
 
 What duties must the lieutenant constantly be fitting himself to per- 
 form? (870) 
 
 What should the captain require him to do? (870) 
 
 In case the lieutenant falls in temporary command of a company what is 
 bhe custom in the Army regarding his making any changes, especially in the 
 status of the noncommissioned officers? (870) 
 
 In general terms how is a lieutenant's authority, around barracks and 
 over men, limited? (870) 
 
 As a matter of fact when a lieutenant wants anything about the com- 
 pany what should he do? (870) 
 
 The Captain and the Lieutenants 
 
 What example should the company officers set to the men? (871) 
 Who is responsible for laxness in the dress and indifference in the salut- 
 ing of a company? (871) 
 
 How are the character and the efficiency of the company officers re- 
 flected? (871) 
 
 How is the best in a soldier developed? (871) 
 
 What extremes must young officers avoid in their treatment of men? 
 (872) 
 
 Discuss briefly the lieutenant's attitude toward and his treatment of the 
 enlisted men of his company. (872) 
 
 The First Sergeant 
 
 How may the first sergeant's relation to the company be considered? 
 (873) 
 
 What is the rule in most companies in the regular army, with reference 
 to soldiers speaking to the company commander. (873) 
 
34 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TRAINING 
 
 What authority, with reference to privates and noncommissioned offi- 
 cers, is sometimes delegated to the first sergeants? (873) 
 
 The Noncommissoned Officers 
 
 Why should great care and judgment be exercised in the selection of non- 
 commissioned officers? (874) 
 
 What qualities should noncommissioned officers possess? (874) 
 
 What must a noncommissioned officer require of those to whom he fives 
 orders? (874) 
 
 How must the company officers back up their noncommissioned officers i 
 (874) 
 
 What is said of admonishing noncommissioned officers ; of praising 
 them? (874) 
 
 What is required of a squad leader? (874) 
 
 What is said of putting responsibilitv on noncommissioned officer? 
 (874) 
 
 What is a noncommissioned officer's duty with respect to orders issued 
 by his superiors? (874) 
 
 When may noncommissioned officers place men in arrest or confinement ? 
 (875) 
 
 What is said of the reduction of noncommissioned officers? (876) 
 
 What is the practice in some regiments with regard to noncommissioned 
 officers resigning? (876) 
 
 Contentment and Harmony 
 
 Why should the company officers seek to produce contentment and har- 
 mony in the company? (877) 
 
 What are the captain's duties in regard to the mess? (878) 
 How should the library and amusement room be equipped? (879) 
 What athletic apparatus should be purchased from the company fund 
 for the soldiers' use? (880) 
 
 Rewards and Privileges 
 
 Give briefly of the rewards and privileges given to men whose conduct 
 warrants them. (881) 
 
 Instead of trials by court-martial how may minor offenses be punished? 
 (882) 
 
 In case other punishment than trial by court-martial is given what must 
 be made known to the soldier? (882) 
 
 Give several different forms of company punishment that may be given. 
 (883) 
 
 What treatment is given drunken and obscene men to control them ? 
 (884) 
 
 What is the object of Saturday morning inspections? (885) 
 
 How may men be punished for appearing at inspection with arms and 
 equipment not in proper shape? (885) 
 
 Property Responsibility 
 
 Give three important details that must be observed in caring and ac- 
 counting for property. (886) 
 
 How often should settlements be made with the quartermaster? (886) 
 What is done with worn out and unserviceable property? (886) 
 What action is taken before property is submitted to a surveying offi- 
 cer? (886) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 35 
 
 Company Paperwork 
 
 What form of typewriter is best suited to both field and garrison work? 
 867) 
 
 Name some of the principal books, records and papers connected with the 
 idministration of a company. (887-909) 
 
 Make out a morning report for two days or a company of Infantry 
 
 strength 100 men) showing the following changes the second day; one man 
 
 luty to sick, three men absent without leave, one man from furlough to duty 
 
 and one man confined. In the space provided make suitable remarks and 
 
 nake the necessary notations in the columns for rations. (888) 
 
 Who should sign the sick report each day? (889) 
 
 Who keeps the duty roster? (890) 
 
 What record is kept in the company fund book and how often should it 
 
 audited? (892) 
 
 What is the purpose of the correspondence book? (893) 
 
 What papers are filed in the document file? (892) 
 
 What is the object of the delinquency 'record? (895) 
 
 Why are the descriptive list, military record and clothing account among 
 he most important company records of the soldier? (897) 
 
 What is meant by a memorandum receipt? (900) 
 
 What data is kept on the record of rifle cards? (902) 
 
 What papers pertaining to the clothing of men must be kept in the com- 
 iany? (904, 905, 906) 
 
 What does the target record show? (907) 
 
 Make out a ration return for a company showing 83 men present, filling 
 n all data pertaining to additions and subtractions and complete except sig- 
 .ature of the commanding officer. (909) 
 
 CHAPTER II 
 DISCIPLINE 
 
 In its deeper and more important sense how may discipline be defined? 
 910) 
 
 What are the best methods of attaining good discipline? (911) 
 Why is discipline one of the chief factors of success in war? (912) 
 Discuss briefly the reasons for adopting a system 'of discipline that is in 
 Leeping with the national characteristics of a people. (913) 
 
 What system applies to the American people and why? (913) 
 Discuss briefly the means of attaining and maintaining discipline. (914) 
 What are the two objects of punishment? (915) 
 In punishing offenses what distinction should be made? (915) 
 
 General Principles 
 
 In the administration of discipline what should be required of every offi- 
 3i- and soldier? (916) 
 
 What control is given subordinates and what are they held strictly re- 
 ponsible for? (916) 
 
 Once a subordinate has been placed in charge of a certain duty how 
 lould all orders or instructions pertaining to that duty be transmitted? 
 916) 
 
 What is the duty of an officer or noncommissioned officer who gives an 
 rder? (916) 
 
 What is said of the treatment and punishment of soldiers? (916) 
 
36 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 PART III 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS PERTAINING TO 
 COMPANY TRAINING AND INSTRUCTION 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF COMPANY TRAINING AND 
 INSTRUCTION 
 
 In short, what is the object of company training? (917) 
 How can this object be obtained? (917) 
 
 In order to obtain the greatest results in the shortest time how must 
 training be carried on? (918) 
 
 How are the different subjects taken up? (919) 
 Discuss simultaneous training and instruction. (920) 
 Who is held responsible for the training and instruction of a company? 
 (921) 
 
 How should the training be made interesting? (922) 
 What must each exercise, lesson or lecture have in view? (922) 
 How should every exercise or talk be prepared? (922) 
 Why is individual initiative important? (923) 
 What is it that counts above all others in war? (923) 
 What two factors in battle are fully as important as discipline? (924) 
 What element should every system of training and instruction take into 
 account? (925) 
 
 What qualities in the soldier are favorable to success? (925) 
 How may these be fostered? (925) 
 
 What emotion has more power upon the feelings of the soldier than any 
 other? (926) 
 
 What will do much to neutralize fear in the soldier? (926) 
 What physical method of overcoming fear in battle is used? (926) 
 How may courage be developed in the soldier? (927) 
 What should every man be taught to do in case of surprise? (928) 
 What is said of self-respect in a soldier? (929) 
 Why is cheerfulness a valuable asset in war? (930) 
 Upon what factors are contentment dependent and which of these fac- 
 tors is most important? (931) 
 
 Art of Instruction on the Ground 
 
 What is the advantage of training on the ground? (933) 
 What are the three methods of instruction on the ground? (934) 
 Briefly give an outline of the company commander's method of instruc- 
 tion in the attack using the ocular demonstration method. (935) 
 
 Give a brief synopsis of the captain 's demonstration in the defense using 
 the ocular demonstration method. (936) 
 
 Briefly give the main points in the company commander 's demonstration 
 by the ocular demonstration method, of f outpost duty. (937) 
 
 How are the advantages and disadvantages of close and extended order 
 illustrated by the ocular demonstration method? (938) 
 
 By the ocular demonstration method illustrate how the use of cover may 
 be taught. (939) 
 
 How is practice in commanding mixed squads taught? (940) 
 What is a good way of arousing interest and enthusiasm in the training 
 of troops? (941) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 37 
 
 CHAPTER II 
 
 GENERAL COMMON SENSE PRINCIPLES OF APPLIED MINOR 
 
 TACTICS 
 
 Of what does applied minor tactics consist? (942) 
 
 What was an able army officer's definition of the Art of War? (943) 
 
 What is necessary to a successful leader in battle? (943) 
 
 What is the difference between a map problem and a terrain exercise? 
 
 945) 
 
 What is meant by the "war game"? (946) 
 
 What is the difference between a war game and a maneuver? (947) 
 In solving a map problem, war game, etc., what three things must you 
 
 lo? (949) 
 
 What is meant by "estimating the situation' 7 ? (950) 
 
 What is your most important step in estimating a situation? (950) 
 
 What other considerations enter into the estimate of the situation? (950) 
 
 In making your plan what must you bear in mind? (950) 
 
 What is meant by the decision? (950) 
 
 What should be the character of your decision? (951) 
 
 In issuing your order what should the first paragraph contain? (952) 
 
 What should be the character of your order? (952) 
 
 Why in general is it a mistake to separate your force? (953) 
 
 Discuss cover. (953) 
 
 In order to win the battle what is necessary? (953) 
 
 How heavy should the firing line be? (953) 
 
 CHAPTER III 
 
 ENERAL PLAN OF INSTRUCTION IN MAP PROBLEMS FOR 
 NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND PRIVATES- 
 INSTRUCTION IN DELIVERING MESSAGES 
 
 Describe the plan by which the captain would instruct his nonconimis- 
 
 oned officers and men in map problems. (954) 
 What is the general idea of this system of instruction? (955) 
 Give briefly the manner in which orders, commands or instructions should 
 given by those taking part in the map problem. (956) 
 What are the noncommissioned officers taught in the solution of map 
 
 roblems? (956) 
 
 Give a sample of the order you would issue in case the enemy appeared 
 
 nd you wish your patrol to fire on him. (956) 
 
 How may variety and interest be added to the instruction? (957) 
 Describe how soldiers should be instructed in delivering messages. (958) 
 
 CHAPTER IV 
 THE gERVICE OF INFORMATION 
 
 Patrolling 
 
 What are patrols and how does their strength vary? *(959) 
 Give some of the uses of patrols. (959) 
 How are patrols named according to their objects? (959) 
 Upon what does the size of a patrol depend? (960) 
 For what qualities are patrol leaders selected and what inuat they be 
 ble to do? (961) 
 
38 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 What is one of the highest and most valuable qualifications of a non- 
 commissioned officer in patrolling? (961) 
 
 Why will a patrol leader be forced to use his own -judgment while lead- 
 ing his patrol? (961) 
 
 What causes the loss of more battles than anything else? (961) 
 How is most of the information gathered in the field? (961) 
 While patrols may be sent out from any part of a command, from what 
 part of the following are they usually sent: advance guard, rear guard out- 
 posts, or troops in a fight? (962) 
 
 What must the orders for a patrol state clearly whenever possible? (963) 
 V\ here there is time for only the briefest instructions, what must the 
 patrol leader do? (963) 
 
 Time permitting, what should a patrol leader be careful to do before 
 starting out with his patrol? (964) 
 
 What kind of men should be selected for patrol work? (964) 
 
 leacter 1 then STT^? ^ ^^ Ullderstood his orders what does the P atro1 
 Before departing from the place where the patrol is to return what 
 should the patrol leader and all of his men do? (966) 
 
 The Principles of Patrolling 
 
 Illustrate how a patrol of the following number of men would be formed : 
 two men, three men, four men, five men, six men. (968) 
 
 Illustrate the formation of a patrol of six men marching along a road 
 with a hill on the right of the road. (968) 
 
 Illustrate the formation of a patrol of one squad passing through a defile. 
 
 (9o8) 
 
 Illustrate the formation of a patrol of six men passing along a road. 
 
 (968) 
 
 Illustrate the formation of a patrol of one squad passing through a wood! 
 on both sides of the road. (968) 
 
 Illustrate the formation of a patrol of one squad marching along one ' 
 side of a river. (968) 
 
 Illustrate the formation of a patrol of two squads marching along a 
 road; across open ground. (968) 
 
 In patrolling discuss the position of the leader and the distance between 
 men. (968) 
 
 Whatever the formation of a patrol, what must the arrangement of the 
 men. insure? (968) 
 
 When must patrols keep to the road? (968) 
 
 Discuss the sending out of Hankers from patrols. (968) 
 
 How should patrols advance? (969) 
 
 Discuss returning patrols. (969) 
 
 How often should a patrol halt and how is it disposed during the halt:' 
 
 In case a patrol discovers a hostile patrol what action is taken? (971} 
 Should a patrol become scattered, checked, or cut off, what should it doV 
 
 What is the rule for returning patrols 1 ? (973) 
 How may, a patrol guard against being cut off? (974) 
 When it becomes necessary for a patrol to remain out over night whai 
 does it do? (975) 
 
 How are civilians handled by patrols? (976) 
 
 What is the one principle most often violated by patrol leaders? (977 a) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 39 
 
 When may a patrol fight? (977) 
 
 Describe three signals that must be understood by all members of a pa- 
 ;rol and explain their meaning. (978) 
 
 When the patrol is deployed what must every man do? (978) 
 
 What should the characteristics of a message be? (979) 
 
 Assuming that a patrol has seen the enemy, what data must be put in the 
 nessage? (969) 
 
 How should statements of others be put in a message? (979) 
 
 How should a message be ended? (979) 
 
 Take an army field message blank and make out a message, as patrol 
 eader, to your company commander informing him that you have discov- 
 ered a body of the enemy. Assume names of locations, numbers of enemy, 
 irections and other necessary data. (979-980) 
 
 What should a patrol leader always be guided by when he is trying to 
 .ecide whether or not to send back a message? (981) 
 
 Discuss reporting the absence of the enemy from a locality that your 
 >atrol has been ordered to reconnoiter. (982) 
 
 Suggestions for Gaining Information about the Enemy 
 
 What information of a marching column should a patrol try to gain and 
 ow may this be obtained? (983) 
 
 Give the method of estimating the strength of marching columns of in- 
 fantry, cavalry, and artillery, both in column of squads and column of twos. 
 983)" 
 
 What may dust indicate with regard to columns of troops? (983) 
 
 Discuss what information may be apparent to the patrol leader from the 
 rail of a column that has passed. (983) 
 
 When is the best time to obtain information of an outpost line and of 
 
 at does that information consist? (983) 
 
 What information of a hostile line of battle is always of greatest im- 
 portance? (983) 
 
 When should prisoners be questioned and, in general, what questions 
 hould be asked them? (984) 
 
 Discuss camp noises and what tjiey indicate. (985) 
 
 What valuable information may the indications of any abandoned camp 
 ite give to the patrol? (986) 
 
 Discuss information conveyed by flames and smoke from fires burning in 
 e enemy } s camp. (987) 
 
 How far, on a clear day, can a man with good vision see the following: 
 hurch spires, windmills, light colored chimneys, trunks of trees, single posts 
 nd panes of glass? (988) 
 
 Give some of the different formations and the distances at which troops 
 may be seen. (988) 
 
 Give some of the conditions under which objects appear (a) nearer than 
 hey are, (b) farther away than they actually are. (988) 
 
 Suggestions for the Reconnaissance of Various Positions and Localities 
 
 Discuss the reconnaissance of a cross road. (989) 
 
 How are heights reconnoitered? (990) 
 
 Describe how a patrol passes through a defile. (991) 
 
 What is done when a patrol wishes to pass a bridge or a ford? (992) 
 
 Describe how a patrol reconnoiters a wood. (993) 
 
 Explain how an enclosure is reconnoitered. (994) 
 
 How is a position approached by a patrol? (995) 
 
40 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 Describe how a patrol approaches and reconnoiters a house. (996) 
 Explain in detail how a patrol reconnoiters a village and what action 
 takes after entering the same. (997) 
 
 Briefly what facts should a patrol obtain regarding roads, railroads, 
 bridges, rivers and other streams, woods, canals, telegraphs, villages, del 
 files, ponds and marshes, springs and rivulets, valleys, heights. (998-101 OH 
 What is said of patrols executing demolitions? (1011) 
 How may demolitions be classed? Give an example of each class. (10111 
 In what manner may telegraph lines and railroads be disabledf 
 (1012-3) 
 
 Describe how bridges and roads may be temporarily disabled. (1014) 
 What does a patrol leader do upon returning? (1015) 
 Assuming that you are the leader of a patrol sent out from your com- 
 pany to reconnoiter a valley where a body of the enemy has been reported! 
 in camp, make out a written report supplying the necessary data. (1016| 
 In working out a map problem what should you do before reading th 
 approved solution and why? (1017) 
 
 CHAPTER V 
 
 THE SERVICE OF SECURITY 
 General Principles 
 
 What does the service of security embrace? (1020) 
 
 Name the different bodies that might be thrown out to protect a com- 
 mand either on the march or in camp? (1020) 
 
 Give the general formations of these bodies naming the parts and giving 
 their duties? .(1020) 
 
 How may the formation of bodies on advance guard, rear guard or out-" 
 post duty be modified for small commands? (1020) 
 
 Advance Guard 
 
 What is an advance guard? (1021) 
 
 In detail, what are the duties of an advance guard? (1021) 
 
 Discuss the strength of an advance guard. (1022) 
 
 Of what is the advance guard composed? (1023) 
 
 Upon what does the distance of the advance guard from the main body 
 depend, and what should this distance always allow? (1024) 
 
 What distance would be used for an advance guard of one squad for a' 
 platoon of infantry; one to two squads for a company of infantry? (1024)' 
 
 What are connecting files, what are their duties, and how far should they 
 be from the units that are to be watched? (1025) 
 
 Name the different parts of an advance guard from frent to rear I: 
 (1026) 
 
 Why do the parts of an advance guard vary in strength from front to 
 rear? (1026) 
 
 In general, give the distances between the various parts of an advance 
 guard and explain why these distances may vary? (1026) 
 
 What is the principal element of an advance guard and how does it vary 
 in strength? (1027) 
 
 What is the advance party and how does it protect itself from surprise! 
 (1028) 
 
 For an infantry company, what is the usual size of the advance party 
 and what is its distance from the support? (1028) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 41 
 
 What body is sent forward by the advance party and usually what dis- 
 tance does it maintain? (1028) 
 
 Discuss the commander of the support, his position, what he should have, 
 and his duties? (1028) 
 
 Why should a noncommissioned officer have a thorough knowledge of the 
 ,rrangement of the support? (1028) 
 
 What action should the commander of the point take in case he is fired 
 upon; the commander of the advance party? (1029) 
 
 What must the leader of every subdivision do once the enemy is met? 
 1029) 
 
 Discuss the subdivision of an advance guard for a small force? (1029) 
 
 Draw a diagram showing the subdivisions, with strength of each and 
 distances, of an advance guard of one battalion of infantry with no reserve? 
 (1029) 
 
 Draw a diagram showing the subdivisions, with strength of each and dis- 
 ances, of a battalion of infantry as advance guard with a reserve? (1030) 
 
 Draw a diagram of a regiment of infantry as an advance gurd, giving 
 strength and distances of all subdivisions. (1030) 
 
 Discuss flanking patrols, giving their strength, routes of march and 
 duties? (1031) 
 
 Give in detail just what the commander of an advance guard does upon 
 the receipt of a march order. (1032) 
 
 Under the head of flank guards discuss, when necessary, distance sent 
 out, line of march, formation and duties. (1046) 
 
 Bear Guard 
 
 What is a rear guard? (1047) 
 
 When is the rear guard small, and when strong and all important? 
 047) 
 
 Compare the strength of a rear guard to an advance guard. (1048) 
 
 Where may the proper forms for the written order for an advance guard 
 or rear guard be found? (1049) 
 
 How does a rear guard compare with the advance guard in formation, 
 strength and distances? (1049) 
 
 During an engagement how does the rear guard cover the withdrawal of 
 the main body? (1047) 
 
 What regulates the rate of march of the rear guard? (1049) 
 
 Describe the action of a rear guard in covering the retreat of defeated 
 troops. (1050) 
 
 What means other than fighting may be employed to delay the pursuit 
 of the enemy? (1050) 
 
 Outposts 
 
 Define outposts. (1051) 
 
 Give the specific duties of an outpost. (1051) 
 
 Upon what conditions does the size of an outpost depend? (1052) 
 
 Between what limits may the strength of an outpost vary and what usu- 
 ally is the suitable strength of the outpost? (1052) 
 
 In disposing their troops what must the commanders of the subdivisions 
 of an outpost bear in mind? (1052) 
 
 Generally," what troops compose the greater part of an outpost and why 
 is this so? (1053) 
 
 In an outpost composed of all arms, give briefly the duties of the various 
 troops? (1053) 
 
42 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 Draw a diagram of an outpost showing the main body with the outpost 
 in position, naming the various parts, including the different types of out- 
 guards. (1054) 
 
 Upon what do the distances between the various parts of the outpost de- 
 pend? (1055) 
 
 What controls the exact location of the different parts of the outpost? 
 (1055) 
 
 What are the basic principles on which the distances in an outpost are 
 based? (1055) 
 
 What in general are the distances between the following parts of an out- 
 post viz: advance cavalry, sentinels, outguards, supports, reserve, main 
 body? (1055) 
 
 Discuss advance cavalry. (1056) 
 
 What is the main duty of supports? (1057) 
 
 How are supports numbered and how do they vary in strength? (1057) 
 
 What is the duty of outguards and how are they numbered? (1058) 
 
 Give the various classes of outguards and describe each. (1058-1061) 
 
 Under sentinels, discuss how posted, distances, how numbered and du- 
 ties. (1062) 
 
 What is the reserve and how is it located? (1063) 
 
 Describe the conduct and duties of the reserve? (1063) 
 
 What action does the reserve take in case of an alarm? (1063) 
 
 Instead of using outguards how may a part of a line of observation be 
 covered? (1064) 
 
 How is connection between various parts of the outposts maintained? 
 (1064) 
 
 Name the different kinds of patrols used in an outpost and give the du- 
 ties of each. (1064) 
 
 Why should a commander be careful in making his details for patrols 
 and sentinels? (1065) 
 
 Describe how a flag of truce is received. (1066) 
 
 Discuss entrenchments, obstacles and concealment in outposts? (1067 
 and 1068) 
 
 For what purposes are detached posts used? (1069) 
 
 As a rule, who sends out detached posts and how does their strength 
 vary? (1069) 
 
 What is an examining post? (1070) 
 
 When is the use of an examining post important? (1070) 
 
 Describe the outpost thrown out by independent cavalry or advance cav- 
 alry at night. (1071) 
 
 Establishing the Outpost 
 
 Until the outpost of a body of troops has been established, how are the 
 troops protected? (1072) 
 
 What information does the halt order convey? (1072) 
 
 When the outpost commander receives the halt order what order does hej 
 issue and what information should it contain? (1072) 
 
 Generally, where should the commander of the outpost go to issue hia : 
 order? (1072) 
 
 Having issued his initial order, what does the outpost commander do? 
 (1073) 
 
 Describe the posting of the various parts of the outpost, including the 
 action of the various commanders when their fractions have been posted? 
 (1073) 
 
 What is most important at all times in the outpost and who is respon- 
 sible for it? (1074) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 43 
 
 Discuss changes for the night in an outpost. (1075) 
 
 When is the outpost relieved in an advance? (1076) 
 
 In case of a retreat what duty does the outpost perform after being re- 
 ieved? (1076) 
 
 What is the duty of the commanders of the various fractions of an out- 
 >ost when they are relieved? (1076) 
 
 At what hours are special precautions necessary in an outpost and why? 
 1076) 
 
 How may the outpost be strengthened during hours of danger? (1076) 
 
 CHAPTER VI 
 THE COMPANY ON OUTPOST 
 
44 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 CHAPTER VII 
 THE COMPANY TN SCOUTIFG AND PATROLLING 
 
 What qualities should a man possess in order to make a good scout 1 
 (1082) 
 
 What is one of the first principles of successful scouting? (1083) 
 
 To a great extent, what are quickness and accuracy of sight and hear- 
 
 What should one get into the habit of doing? (1083) 
 What should one get into the habit of doinp- as he walks through the 
 country? (1083) 
 
 What should one do regarding distant objects? (1083) 
 What should one guard against on seeing distant signs? (1083) 
 What habit should one get into regarding sounds? (1083) 
 What are the principal means of finding one's way in a strange coun- 
 try, and describe each? (1084) 
 
 State what one should do if lost. (1085) 
 
 What important rule should be remembered as a precaution against get- 
 ting lost? (1085) 
 
 What is a great assistance in finding one's way in a strange country?] 
 (1086) 
 
 What should one always do in starting out? Give an example. (1086) 
 
 /-,nl^ at should one always do in passing a conspicuous object, and why? 
 (1086) 
 
 What is the secret of never getting lost? (1086) 
 
 What may it sometimes be necessary for one to do when traveling' 
 through the country, especially if it be difficult country? (1086) 
 
 In scouting and patrolling what is it important to do in addition to get- 
 ting information? (1087) 
 
 What are the advantages of keeping hidden from view? (1087) 
 
 Should you find that the enemy has seen you what is it often advisable* 
 to do? (1087) 
 
 How should one keep under cover? (1087) 
 
 you 
 
 What should you do if moving over open country, and what should 
 
 do as soon as you reach new cover? (1087) 
 
 What should you be careful about regarding the things you wear? (1087) I 
 How far can a lighted match be seen at night? A lighted cigarette?' 
 
 (1087) 
 
 What should you do in looking through a bush or over the top of a hill? 
 (1087) 
 
 What should you always do in selecting a tree, tower, or top of a house 
 or other lookout place from which to observe the enemy? (1087) 
 What kind of place should, if practicable, be selected? (1087) 
 What can you say regarding the use of trees as lookout places? (1087) i 
 Explain the use of a hill as a lookout place. (1087) 
 What should you be careful to do at night and why? 
 H w wil1 the enemy expect you to travel, especially at night, and whyfj 
 
 As a rule, in what way will it be best for you to use the road and whyfj 
 
 (l(Jo7) 
 
 Explain in detail what you would practice in time of peace. (1087) 
 What should a mounted scout always have when operating in a country! 
 where there are wire fences? (1087) 
 
 What is meant by " tracking"? (1088) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 45 
 
 Describe the footmarks of a horse at a (1) walk, (2) trot, (3) canter, 
 [and (4) gallop. (1088) 
 
 Describe the foot marks of a man (1) walking and (2) running. (1088) 
 
 In addition to being able to determine the pace of tracks what should 
 one be able to tell? (1088) 
 
 To a great extent upon what does determining the age of tracks de- 
 pend? (1088) 
 
 Illustrate by giving an example. (1088) 
 
 Give some clues to the age of tracks. (1088) 
 
 Having learned to distinguish the pace and age of tracks, what is the 
 next thing to learn? (1088) 
 
 Where it is difficult to see the tracks, such as on hard ground, what 
 should you do? (JL088) 
 
 In case the track is lost, how should you try to find it again, and what 
 precaution should be taken if with a patrol? (1088) 
 
 Explain how one should practice tracking. (1088) 
 
 Describe the mouse and cat contest. (1089) 
 
 Describe the flag-stealing contest. (1090) 
 
 CHAPTER VHI 
 NIGHT OPERATIONS 
 
 What has been the cause of the marked increase in the practice of night 
 operations in recent years? (1091) 
 
 For what purposes are such operations employed? (1091) 
 
 Training of the Company 
 
 What kind of training and instruction do night movements require? 
 (1092) 
 
 To what does history show defeat in night fighting is due in most cases? 
 (1092) 
 
 What, in daylight, is the relative importance of the moral to the phy- 
 sical? (1092) 
 
 What, therefore, should troops be accustomed to in time of peace? 
 (1092) 
 
 Individual Training 
 
 What is the first thing to be done in training and instructing soldiers in 
 night work? (1093) 
 
 What is the best way to do this? (1093) 
 
 Describe the method of instructing men how to use their eyes in dark- 
 ness. (1094) 
 
 Describe how men are taught to use their ears at night. (1095) 
 
 Explain how to determine the points of the compass from the North 
 Star. (1096) 
 
 How may a man 's ability to keep a given direction when moving in the 
 darkness be tested? (1096) 
 
 Explain how men are trained and instructed in moving in the dark. 
 (1097) 
 
 What are men apt to do instinctively after passing an obstacle in the 
 dark? (1097) 
 
 How should men be practiced in night fencing? (1098) 
 
 What points should be borne in mind in digging trenches at night! 
 (1099) 
 
46 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 State what should be done in night training and instruction in regard to 
 
 the equipment worn by the men? (1100) 
 
 What should be done regarding bayonets? (1100) 
 
 What should be continually impressed upon the men from the beginning? 
 
 (1100) 
 
 As a rule, do men fire too high or top low in the dark? (1101) 
 
 What should they, therefore, be cautioned against? (1101) 
 
 What should every man be sure tp do when the firing is stopped? (1101) 
 
 What is the most suitable position for horizontal firing? (1101) 
 
 What method may be employed in training the soldier to hold his rifle 
 
 parallel to the ground while firing in the dark? (1101) 
 
 Collective Training 
 
 Explain the first steps to be taken in collective night training. (1101) 
 As far as possible, how should the movements be executed? (1101) 
 How may the signals be made and what precautions should fee taken? 
 
 (1101) 
 
 What signals are suggested for the following: To advance? To halt? 
 
 To lie down? To form squad columns? To form platoon columns? As skir- 
 
 mishers? (1101) 
 
 Explain what should be done in the case of a company acting as an ad- 
 
 vance guard to a column. (1102) 
 
 What should be done if the enemy is discovered? (1102) 
 
 Should the scouts ever fire, and if so, under what circumstances? (1102) 
 
 Draw a diagram showing a good formation for a company acting as ad- 
 
 vance guard at night. (1102) 
 
 In what formation would a company marching alone move? (1102) 
 
 Whatever the formation, what should always be done? 
 
 The protection of what part of the company is always very important? 
 
 Against what should the men be warned? (1102) 
 
 Of what should the men be informed? (1102) 
 
 How long should the rests be in night marches and why? (1102) 
 
 Outposts 
 
 What should sentries be careful to avoid in challenging at night? (1103) 
 To what extent should challenging be done by voice? (1103) 
 Give the signals that are suggested for challenging and explain their 
 use? (1103) 
 
 What should be done if, after repeating a signal, it is not answered? 
 
 In case of a patrol, how many men should be advanced to be recognized? 
 (1103) 
 
 What should a sentry always do regarding persons approaching before 
 being challenged? (1103) 
 
 Under what circumstances is a sentry justified in firing at night? (1104) 
 
 What is the practice in the French Army in Algeria about sentries firing 
 at night? (1104) 
 
 How may the routes from the supports to the outguards and from pickets 
 to their sentries be made? (1105) 
 
 What measures should be taken to insure that the supports are alwavs 
 ready for action? (1106) 
 
 When the commander lies down, where should he do so? (1106) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 47 
 
 General 
 
 It is of the greatest importance that what be maintained between the 
 different parts of a command engaged in night operations? (1107) 
 
 What is most necessary in connection with all night operations, what- 
 sver their natures? (1108) 
 
 Upon what does the success of night operations often depend? (1108) 
 What is the first thing to do in preparing for a night operation? (1108) 
 What care must be taken in this connection? (1108) 
 What should be done by night as well as by day, and why? (1108) 
 
 CHAPTER IX 
 FIELD ENGINEERING 
 
 Give the width for a roadway to pass infantry in fours; cavalry two 
 abreast; military wagons in one direction; infantry in column of twos; cav- 
 alry in single file; and field guns passed over by hand. (1111) 
 
 What should the clear width of roadway of an ordinary highway bridge 
 
 for single and double track? (1111) 
 
 What should be the limit of steepness for ramps a^ the end of a bridge 
 for artillery and for animals? (1111) 
 
 How much clear head room should there be in ordinary military bridges? 
 
 (1111) 
 
 What is a guard rail and how is it secured? (1111) 
 
 Describe the following kind of bridges and explain their construction : 
 Spar (1112); single lock (1113); double lock. (1114) 
 
 Describe the construction of the roadway of spar bridges. (1115) 
 
 What is meant by corduroying and how constructed? (1116) 
 
 Describe the construction of the following: 
 
 Brush work (1117); fascines (1118); hurdles (1119) (1120); brush 
 revetment (1121); gabions (1122) (1123) and other revetments. (1124) 
 (1125) 
 
 Explain how to tie the following knots: Square or reef (112(3) ; two half 
 hitches (1127); clove hitch (1128); timber hitch (1129); bowline (1130); 
 bowline on a bight (1131) ; sheep shank (1132) ; and how to make the fol- 
 lowing splices: short (1133); long (1134); eye (1135). 
 
 Explain the following lashings: Fransom to an upright spar (1136); 
 for a pair of shears (1137) ; three spars together as for a gin or tripod. 
 (1138) 
 
 Describe the construction and purpose of holdfasts. (1139) 
 
 CHAPTER X 
 FIELD FORTIFICATIONS 
 
 What are the objects of field fortifications? (1140) 
 How are the objects of field fortifications accomplished? (1141) 
 Into what classes are field fortifications usually divided? (1142) 
 Draw a diagram of a complete trench showing all the parts, giving names 
 
 of each. (1143) 
 
 What kinds of trenches do hasty intrenchineiits include? (1144) 
 Draw a diagram of the lying trench giving dimensions. (1145) 
 How is the trench constructed under fire? (1144) 
 Draw a diagram of a kneeling trench giving dimensions. (1145) 
 Draw a diagram of the standing trench completed giving dimensions. 
 
 (1146) 
 
48 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 Draw a diagram of one of the simple standing trenches used in the Euro-] 
 pean war giving dimensions. (1146) 
 
 Give the proper firing height (height from bottom of forward end of 
 trench to crest of parapet) for men lying, kneeling, standing. (1144-5-6) 
 
 What do deliberate intrenchments comprise? (1147) 
 
 What are fire trenches'? (1148) 
 
 What will govern the type of fire trench selected for a position and what 
 requirements must this or any type conform to? (1148) 
 
 Draw a diagram of a simple fire trench giving dimensions. (1148) 
 
 Draw a diagram of a complete form of fire trench giving dimensions. 
 (1148) 
 
 As soon as possible what should be provided in firing trenches and why? 
 (1148) 
 
 Draw a diagram of a fire trench provided with protection against shrap- 
 nel, giving dimensions. (1148) 
 
 In the European war, what was the aim in constructing trenches and how 
 was this accomplished? (1148) 
 
 Draw a diagram showing the system of constructing fire trenches in the 
 European war. (1148) 
 
 "What are traverses and what are their objects? (1149) 
 
 What regulates the width of the traverses and how thick should they be? 
 (1149) 
 
 What is said of the berm in the trenches used in the European war? 
 (1150) 
 
 Draw a diagram of a trench showing recesses. (1150) 
 
 What are recesses for? (1150) 
 
 What is the object of sortie steps and stakes and where are they placed? 
 (1150) 
 
 What form of shell is most used in the European war and how are men 
 protected against its effect? (1151) 
 
 Draw a diagram showing a trench with a parados. (1151) 
 
 What other protection for the firing line is used in the European war? 
 (1151) 
 
 What is meant by head cover and how is it obtained? (1152) 
 
 What are the disadvantages of head cover? (1152) 
 
 When is head cover most advantageous? (1152) 
 
 What is the difference between loopholes and notches? (1153) 
 
 Draw a diagram of a loophole naming all of its parts. (1153) 
 
 Draw a diagram of the different forms of loopholes and discuss the ad- 
 vantages and disadvantages of each. (1153) 
 
 What is the hopper loophole? (1153) 
 
 What does the construction of a notch require? (1153) 
 
 Describe the usual form of overhead cover. (1154) 
 
 Discuss the thickness of overhead cover. (1154) 
 
 What area of head cover is required for one man for the time he is on 
 duty, for continuous occupancy; for a short time; for long occupation? 
 (1154) 
 
 Draw diagrams showing some of the forms of overhead cover giving di- 
 mensions of one. (1154) 
 
 In rifle position what head cover only can be provided? (1154) 
 
 What is the purpose of cover trenches? (1155) 
 
 What is the important point in cover trenches? (1155) 
 
 How do cover trenches vary? (1155) 
 
 Draw a diagram showing an open and a closed cover trench giving di- 
 mensions. (1155) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 49 
 
 In the European war how far in rear of the fire trenches are the cover 
 trenches placed? (1155) 
 
 Describe the dugouts used by the troops in the European war. (1156) 
 
 What is the purpose of communicating trenches? (1157) 
 
 Draw a diagram showing the plan of a communicating trench and explain 
 why it is laid out in this manner. (1157) 
 
 Draw a diagram showing a cross section of a communicating trench giv- 
 ing dimensions. (1157) 
 
 Discuss lookouts, giving their purpose and construction. (1158) 
 
 Describe supporting points, giving their object, location and construc- 
 tion. (1159) 
 
 Draw a diagram showing a trench system to include the following: fire 
 trench, communicating trench, cover trench, positions for machine guns, 
 latrines, dugouts and kitchens. (1160) 
 
 Usually how many lines of fire trenches are on the European battle- 
 fields? (1160) 
 
 What is the object of having more than one line of fire trenches? (1160) 
 
 What two things must be considered in locating trenches? (1161) 
 
 What does the tactical situation require in trenches? (1161) 
 
 In locating trenches give a summary of the advantages and disadvan- 
 tages of high ground. (1161) 
 
 Give a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of locating trenches 
 on low ground. (1161) 
 
 In the location of trenches what does the experience of the European war 
 emphasize? (1161) 
 
 What is a matter of great importance in sitting trenches? (1161) 
 
 Discuss trenches located on reverse slopes. (1161) 
 
 In locating the line of trenches what is a simple method of selecting the 
 best field of fire? (1161) 
 
 How should adjoining fire trenches be located with reference to one an- 
 other? (1161) 
 
 Why should trenches be concealed? (1162) i 
 
 Discuss the different methods of concealing trenches. (1162) 
 
 What is the object of dummy trenches and what may they include? 
 (1163) 
 
 What is the trench space allowed one man? (1164) 
 
 What is the length of the trench for one squad and how are these spaces 
 separated? (1164) 
 
 Discuss the preparation of the foreground. (1165) 
 
 What is meant by a revetment? (1166) 
 
 Name some of the different forms of revetment, giving a common form 
 used in the European war. (1166) 
 
 What methods are used for draining trenches? (1167) 
 
 How is dry standing provided in the trenches? (1167) 
 
 What supply of water per man is required in the trenches and how is it 
 rendered pure? (1168) 
 
 What form of latrines are used in the trenches and where are such la- 
 trines usually placed? (1169) 
 
 Why is it necessary to illuminate the foreground? (1170) 
 
 What different methods are employed to illuminate the foreground? 
 (1170) 
 
 How should the illuminating devices be placed with reference to the de- 
 fenders? (1170) 
 
50 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 Whatever form of illumination is provided what conditions must it with- 
 stand? (1170) 
 
 When is it possible to establish a system of telephones in trenches? 
 (1171) 
 
 What do siege works comprise? (1172) 
 
 CHAPTER XI 
 OBSTACLES 
 
 What are the objects in placing obstacles in front of trenches? (1173) 
 
 What is the present tendency in assigning men to constant occupancy of 
 the first line trenches? (1174) 
 
 What is this due to? (1174) 
 
 What does the aim seem to be? (1174) 
 
 What has been found from experience in the European war? (1174) 
 
 How must obstacles be located? (1175) 
 
 What requirements should they fulfill? (1175) 
 
 At what distance should they be placed from the defender 's trench ? 
 (1175) 
 
 Care must be taken not to place them where? (1175) 
 
 In how many lines may they be placed? (1175) 
 
 How are they placed so as not to betray the locations of the trench? 
 (1175) 
 
 What is an abatis and how constructed? (1176) 
 
 How are they most conveniently made on open ground? (1176) 
 
 How are they protected from artillery fire? (1176) 
 
 What is slashing? (1176) 
 
 What is a palisade and how constructed? (1177) 
 
 If defended from the rear, what measures are necessary? (1177) 
 
 If defended 'from the flank, how may their construction differ? (1177) 
 
 What makes a valuable addition? (1177) 
 
 How is palisading best made? (1177) 
 
 How are they planted? (1177) 
 
 How can their stiffness be increased and time saved in ramming? (1177) 
 
 What is a f raise and how is it constructed? (1178) 
 
 How is the modern and better form made? (1178) 
 
 What is a cheveaux de frise and how constructed? (1179) 
 
 Where are they most useful? (1179) 
 
 Describe a formidable obstacle against cavalry? (1180) 
 
 Of what is a wire entanglement composed and how made? (1181) 
 
 Describe the low wire entanglement. (1181) 
 
 Where is it especially effective? (1181) 
 
 Why is it the most generally useful of all obstacles? (1181) 
 
 How much low or high wire entanglement can one man make per hour? 
 (1182) 
 
 How many square yards of low or high entanglement will a 100 pound 
 coil of smooth wire make? (1182) 
 
 How can an ordinary barbed wire fence be made into a formidable ob- 
 stacle? (1183) 
 
 Where was this form much used and for what purpose? (1183) 
 
 How is it used in this way? (1183) 
 
 In what way can such fences be constructed so as to give an automatic 
 alarm? (1183) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 51 
 
 What are military pits or trous de loup and how are they usually dug? 
 
 (1184) 
 
 What is a barricade and of what is it usually constructed? (1185) 
 How does backing up the water of a stream form a good obstacle? 
 
 (1186) 
 
 When may it be attempted with advantage? (1186) 
 
 When local conditions permit, what should always be done to the ditch 
 
 of a parapet? (1186) 
 
 What kind of an obstacle is very simple and effective in front of an out- 
 guard and what care must be exercised as to visibility at night? (1187)* 
 What has the war in Europe proven about wire entanglements? (1188) 
 How are all forms of obstacles constructed and why? (1188) 
 What methods have been devised for placing wire entanglements at 
 
 night, and how is this done? (1188) 
 
 Describe the triangular pyramidal entanglement and what advantage 
 
 does it afford? (1188) 
 
 What has been found to be the more convenient way to handle wire used 
 
 for entanglements? 
 
 What kind of barbed wire has been found to be much more effective 
 
 than the commercial barbed wire? (1188) 
 
 If wire entanglements are electrified, how is it done? (1188) 
 What two forms of wire cheveaux de frise have appeared? (1189) 
 How is each type used and what advantages does each offer? (1189) 
 What has been found necessary concerning obstacles after they have 
 
 been placed? (1190) 
 
 What has been found as one of the best methods to guard obstacles? 
 
 (1191) 
 
 What are these listening posts? (1191) 
 
 To what are they connected and by what means? (1191) 
 
 How is the enemy prevented from securing access to the fire trench? 
 
 (1191) 
 
 What are the lookouts for and what have they been able to detect? 
 
 (1191) 
 
 What means have been used to give warning of attack on the obstacles? 
 
 (1192) 
 
 What use has been made of search lights? (1193) 
 
 CHAPTER XII 
 TRENCH AND MINE WARFARE 
 
 Into what three general classes may asphyxiating gases be divided? 
 (1194) 
 
 Give the commonest kinds of each class of asphyxiating gases. (1194) 
 
 Which class of asphyxiating gases is most commonly employed? (1194) 
 
 Discuss the different methods employed in liberating the asphyxiating 
 gases. (1194) 
 
 Why do the asphyxiating gases lie close to the ground or flow into the 
 trenches? (1194) 
 
 Describe the best protection against the asphyxiating gases. (1195) 
 
 Give the favorable and unfavorable conditions for 'gas attacks. (1195) 
 
 How is liquid fire used in warfare? (1196) 
 
 In case the oil in a liquid fire attack should go out how may it be ig- 
 nited? (1196) 
 
 Describe the method that may be employed bv the defense in using oil? 
 (1196) 
 
52 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TEAINING 
 
 Grenades and Bombs 
 
 What are grenades and bombs? (1197) 
 
 What methods are used for throwing bombs and grenades? (1197) 
 
 Describe the hand grenade. (1198) 
 
 Name and describe three method's of discharging hand grenades. (1198) 
 
 Draw a diagram showing the construction of one form of hand grenade. 
 (1198) 
 
 How may grenades be thrown other than by hand? (1199) 
 
 What is the aerial mine and how is it fired? (1200) 
 
 Describe the winged torpedo. (1201) 
 
 What very effective use is made of the aerial mine and the winged tor- 
 pedo? (1201) 
 
 Describe one form of bomb that is dropped from aircraft. (1202) 
 
 How may trenches be protected against hand grenades and what particu- 
 lar kind of trench is it most satisfactory for? (1203) 
 
 Describe the ' < tank. ' ' (1204) 
 
 How are " tanks " armed? (1204) 
 
 Where are " tanks " of value in warfare? (1204) 
 
 What kind of fire will put "tanks" out of action? (1204) 
 
 What is the object of the steel helmet? (1205) 
 
 What effect has the helmet had upon the percentage of head wounds? 
 (1205) 
 
 Discuss the degree of protection afforded by helmets. (1205) 
 
 Describe the steel mask and give its purpose. (1206) 
 
 Describe a simple periscope. (1207) 
 
 Of what value is the periscope in war? (1207) 
 
 What is the sniperscope? (1208) 
 
 Give two methods by which rifles may be sighted at night. (1ZU9) 
 
 What is military mining and when is it used? (1210) 
 
 What is the aim in mine warfare? (1210) 
 
 Discuss countermining. (1211) 
 
 CHAPTER XIII 
 MARCHES 
 
 (Based on Infantry Drill Eegulations and Field Service Eegulations) 
 
 What is the principal occupation of troops in campaign? (1212) 
 
 What do marches cause? (1212) 
 
 How may this loss be materially reduced? (1212) 
 
 How can infantry be accustomed to the fatigue of bearing arms and 
 equipment? (1213) 
 
 Describe the process of hardening new or untrained troops. 
 
 How should a long distance with untrained troops be covered? 
 
 What is a successful march? (1215) 
 
 What must all officers and noncommissioned officers do to J 
 troops reach their destination in good physical condition, "ready for 
 
 What instructions must the commander give to insure that the necessary 
 preparations are made? (1216) 
 
 For what is every organization commander responsible!? ( 
 Give the invariable rule for the filling of canteens? (1218) 
 When should marches begin? (1219) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 53 
 
 Upon what does the exact hour for the start depend? (1219) 
 What is the rule for foot troops; for mounted troops? (1219) 
 When is a start earlier than usual made? (1219) 
 Why should night marching be avoided, if possible? (1219) 
 What does the rate of march vary with? (1220) 
 
 What is most important as regards the rate of marching and why? 
 (1220) 
 
 Who regulates the rate of march? (1220) 
 Why does he regulate it? (1220) 
 
 On the march of several days 7 duration, how do the positions of com- 
 panies change? (1220) 
 
 What is the rate for trained troops, in commands of a regiment or less, 
 marching over average roads? (1220) 
 
 What is the rate for larger commands? (1220) 
 
 How does hot, sultry weather with the men carrying the full pack, in- 
 fluence the rate of march? (1220) 
 
 What considerations should be constantly borne in mind by the officers 
 in command of the column? (1220) 
 
 What should be considered in indicating the number of steps to be taken 
 per minute? (1220) 
 
 What is the average marching capacity of infantry? (1221) 
 In extensive operations involving large bodies of troops, what is the aver- 
 age a day? (1221) 
 
 What distance can small commands of seasoned infantry, marching on 
 good roads in cool weather, average a day? (1221) 
 When is the first halt made on a march? (1222) 
 How long is this halt and what is the purpose of it? (1222) 
 What additional halts are made and for what periods? (1222) 
 How should the number and length of halts vary? (1222) 
 How are the best results often obtained in the tropics? (1222) 
 What should be done when the day's march will run well into the after- 
 noon? (1222) 
 
 How should places for long halts be selected? (1222) 
 When only should halts be made in or near towns or villages? (1222) 
 When halts are so made, how are supplies or water obtained? (1222) 
 When a damaged bridge is encountered, what information is sent to 
 troops in rear? (1223) 
 
 How do the troops in rear then conduct themselves? (1223) 
 What precaution is taken in ascending or descending steep slopes, cross- 
 ing streams or other obstacles, or when passing through defiles requiring a 
 reduction of front? (1223) 
 
 If distances are not sufficient to prevent check, what is done? (1223) 
 How does a company unit conduct itself if delayed while crossing an 
 obstacle? (1223) 
 
 What must be done before an attempt is made to cross fords, boggy 
 places, bridges of doubtful character, ice, etc., with bodies of troops? 
 (1223) 
 
 How must troops never cross a bridge? (1223) 
 
 If mounted and dismounted men ford a deep stream with a swift cur- 
 rent, at the same time, how is it done? (1223) 
 
 How are different fords crossed, and why? (1223) 
 
 How is the marching efficiency of an organization judged? (1224) 
 
 How is undue elongation and straggling prevented? (1224) 
 
 What is done if there is only one officer with a company? (1224) 
 
54 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL .OF MILITARY TBAINING 
 
 What is the rule governing men falling out on account of sickness? 
 
 (1224) 
 
 Whose duty is it to prevent straggling and elongation of the column? 
 (1224) 
 
 What is a forced march? (1225) 
 
 When only should forced marches be undertaken and why? (1225) 
 
 How are such marches generally made? (1225) 
 
 Why are night marches generally made? (1226) 
 
 When made in very hot weather what is the purpose? (1226) 
 
 What factors are favorable for night marches? (1226) 
 
 Give the precautions that must be taken? (1226) 
 
 When should guides be secured and what is their duty? (1226) 
 
 What is done when units can not be kept well closed? (1226) 
 
 What is not permitted when in hostile territory? (1226) 
 
 When are villages and farmhouses avoided, and why? (1226) 
 
 Why are night marches never undertaken without good reason? (1226) 
 
 Give the rule for the paying of compliments by troops on the march. 
 
 How is protection on the march furnished? (1228) 
 
 What can be said of the importance of paying special attention to the 
 fitting of shoes and the care of feet of each soldier? (1229) 
 
 State the rule for the care of the feet and the measures which will pre- 
 vent sore feet? (1229) 
 
 How are blistered feet treated and how can considerable relief be ob- 
 tained in case of sore or blistered feet? (1229) 
 
 What has the old soldier learned from long experience in marching, as to 
 the wearing of his socks? (1229) 
 
 What should a soldier starting on a march never do under any circum- 
 stances? (1229) 
 
 What should be remembered regarding the preventing of sore feet? 
 (1229) 
 
 Give the requirements regarding the number and kind of shoes each sol- 
 dier should have on hand at all times? (1229) 
 
 CHAPTER XIV 
 CAMPS 
 
 What are the basic principles that govern in the selection of camp sites? 
 
 (1230) 
 
 Name the conditions that are desirable for camp sites. (1231) 
 
 Give the conditions that render localities undesirable for camp sites 
 
 (1232) 
 
 Upon what do the form and dimensions of camps depend? (1233) 
 Camps of all sizes should as far as possible conform to what principles 
 
 regarding arrangement? (1233) 
 
 When may it become necessary to contract camp areas? (1233) 
 
 If tactical reasons permit, what advantages are secured by the selection 
 
 of an adequate camp area? (1233) 
 
 Who usually selects the camp site and what does he do? (1234) 
 What should be done after the companies reach their proper positions in 
 
 camp and before ranks are broken? (1234) 
 
 What should be done before the men are allowed to go around? (1234) 
 When should sentinels be posted over the water supply? (1234) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 55 
 
 As soon as the tents have been pitched what should the commanding offi- 
 cer do? (1234) 
 
 Should the troops reach camp before the wagons, what may the com- 
 panies do? (1234) 
 
 Until when should 110 one be allowed to leave camp? (1234) 
 
 When should sick call be held? (1234) 
 
 How should retreat formation always be held in camp? (1235) 
 
 What should there be in front of every camp of a permanent nature? 
 (1236) 
 
 In camping for the night on a fordable stream that is to be crossed, 
 when should you cross the stream and why? (1237) 
 
 Is there an exception to this rule? (1237) 
 
 Whenever windstorms are expected what should be done? (1238) 
 
 How may tents be prevented from blowing down? (1238) 
 
 How may tent poles or pegs be made fast in loose or sandy soil? (1239) 
 
 When the soil is so loose that the pegs will not hold at all, what is done? 
 (1239) 
 
 What care should be exercised in pitching tents near trees? (1240) 
 
 CHAPTER XV 
 CAMP SANITATION 
 
 What is meant by camp sanitation? (1241) 
 
 What do these measures comprise? (1241) 
 
 "Camp expedients" is the name given to what means and how are such 
 measures employed? (1242) 
 
 When are latrines dug? (1243) 
 
 Who determines the location of latrines? (1243) 
 
 What considerations must be observed in their location? (1243) 
 
 Where are latrines always located? (1243) 
 
 How many latrines are generally provided? (1243) 
 
 In camps of one night only what kind of trenches suffice? (1243) 
 
 In camps of longer duration and when it is not possible to provide la- 
 trine boxes, what kind of trenches should be dug? (1243) 
 
 Give a description of the type used in more permanent camps. (1243) 
 
 What is done each day with the latrine boxes? (1243) 
 
 When are latrines discarded? (1243) 
 
 When are latrines filled? (1243) 
 
 How and of what are urinal troughs made? (1243) 
 
 When and how are urinal tubs used? (1245) 
 
 How are camp kettles used? (1245) 
 
 If a greater economy of fuel must be effected how can it be secured? 
 (1245) 
 
 How can the draft be improved? (1245) 
 
 What type of trench will provide draft no matter what direction the 
 wind is from? (1245) 
 
 How can drainage be secured? (1245) 
 
 How can the lack of portable ovens be met? (1245) 
 
 How can clay banks be utilized? (1245) 
 
 From what must food be protected? (1245) 
 
 What is done with solid refuse? (1245) 
 
 In temporary camps, with porous soil, how can liquid refuse be disposed 
 of? (1245) 
 
 In what kind of soil will seepage pits not operate successfully? (1245) 
 
56 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 When should all pits be filled- with earth? (1245) 
 
 precautionar ^ measm> e is taken against setting the camp on fire? 
 
 In case of fire in camp what means are used to beat it out? (1245) 
 What is done to dispose of liquid refuse from the kitchen? (1246) 
 How is solid refuse disposed of? (1246) 
 How are flies excluded from kitchen pits? (1246) 
 When are pits filled with earth? (1246) 
 Describe a good type of incineration pit for the disposal of camp waste, 
 offal, tin cans and dish water. (1247) 
 
 Why is the occupation of an old camp site dangerous? (1249) 
 How can bunks be constructed? (1251) 
 What should be done with fire wood? (1252) 
 When must camp sites be changed promptly? (1250) 
 When is a change of camp site often desirable? (1250) 
 cam 1 ? Wa ( g l2 n 52) are heavilj loaded how can dr ^ wood be obtained at the next 
 
 What should always be taken to prevent the contamination of the water 
 supply? 
 
 (1253 ? m What tr pS and When is a guard P laced ov er the water supply? 
 
 If the water is obtained from a stream how should the places for fretting 
 water be designated? (1253) 
 
 Where should the first designated place be? (1253) 
 
 Where should the others be and in what order? (1253) 
 
 Where two bodies of troops are to camp 011 the same stream what ar- 
 rangement must be made so that one will not pollute the water to be used by 
 the other? (1253) 
 
 If the stream is small how may the water supply be increased? (1253) 
 
 How may a small spring be utilized? (1253) 
 
 How is water that is not known to be pure, made pure? (1253) 
 
 What arrangements should be made for men to draw water from the 
 authorized receptacles? (1253) 
 
 What should always be prohibited? (1253) 
 
 What is the easiest and surest way to sterilize the water in the field? 
 (1253) 
 
 How is it aerated and filtered? (1253) 
 
 What should be done with boiled water to make it palatable? (1253) 
 
 What does filtration do to water? (1253) 
 
 What does it not do? (1253) 
 
 Give several simple methods of filtration. (1253) 
 
 What is the amount of water used daily for each man and animal? 
 (1253) 
 
 Where should men not lie? (1254) 
 
 How can they avoid lying on damp ground? (1254) 
 
 When troops are to remain in camp for some time what provisions are 
 made for their comfort and that of the animals? (1254) 
 
 What police measures are made daily? (1254) 
 
 From what must food be protected? (1254) 
 
 By what under no circumstances must the company street or any other 
 part of the camp grounds be defiled? (1254) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 57 
 
 When an open trench is used as a sink what must each individual do? 
 (1254) 
 
 If the sink is inclosed by a box with stool covers how should the covers 
 bo constructed and why? (1254) 
 
 What is done with kitchen garbage? (1254) 
 How and why should cans be protected from flies? (1254) 
 Where only is it permitted to ride horses through camp? (1254) 
 As soon as a tent is pitched what should be done? (1254) 
 When it rains what must be done to the guy ropes and why? (1254) 
 How often should the body and clothes be cleaned? (1254) 
 What is done the first thing in the morning? (1254) 
 In the continued absence of opportunity for bathing what is it well to 
 do? 
 
 If the lack of opportunity to wash clothes continues for any length of 
 time what is done with them? (1254) 
 
 If there are mosquitoes in camp what must men asleep, on guard or other 
 duty do? (1254) 
 
 If in a malarial country, what precaution is taken daily? (1254) 
 If in a locality where a pernicious form of malaria prevails, what pre- 
 cautions are taken? (1254) 
 
 In the tropics troops are required to camp how far away from all na- 
 tive huts or villages and why? (1254) 
 
 Why are men prohibited from visiting such places at night? (1254) 
 
 What is done with the mess kit after each meal? (1254) 
 
 What must the company cooks do? (1254) 
 
 What are most important to preserve health? (1254) 
 
 How can this be secured? (1254) 
 
 How should a soldier always look upon his camp? (1255) 
 
 CHAPTER XVI 
 INDIVIDUAL COOKING 
 
 What often happens in campaign regarding the proper cooking utensils? 
 (1256) 
 
 What must be done in such a case? (1256) 
 
 If food is not properly cooked, what trouble will result? (1256) 
 What should every soldier learn to do in his mess kit? (1256) 
 What kind of a fire is best for cooking? (1257) 
 How can such a fire be made? (1257) 
 
 What method will, as a rule, be necessary in rocky or stony ground? 
 (1257) 
 
 How are the following articles of food prepared : 
 
 Fried bacon? (1259) 
 
 Fried fresh meat? (1260) 
 
 Broiled fresh meat? (1261) 
 
 Stewed fresh meat? (1262) 
 
 Fried potatoes? (1263) 
 
 Fried onions? (1264) 
 
 Boiled potatoes? (1265) 
 
 Baked potatoes? (1266) 
 
 Rice? (1267) 
 
 Canned tomatoes? (1268) 
 
 Flapjack? (1269) 
 
 Hoecake? (1270) 
 
58 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TEAINING 
 
 Coffee? (1271) 
 Tea? (1272) 
 Cocoa? (1273) 
 Chocolate? (1274) 
 
 Where can detailed instructions be found as to the manner of preparing 
 the emergency ration? (1275) 
 
 What is it well to remember so. as to make the emergency ration more 
 palatable? (1275) 
 
 When it becomes evident that the emergency ration must be consumed, 
 what measures should be taken and why? (1275) 
 
 CHAPTER XVII 
 CARE AND PRESERVATION OF CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT 
 
 What is a soldier 's duty in respect to the clothing issued to him by the 
 government? (1276) 
 
 To what is a soldier who neglects or loses his clothes liable? (1276) 
 
 Clothing 
 
 What is said of brushing clothes? (1277) 
 
 What is the value of pressing clothes and how often should this be done? 
 (1276) 
 
 How are chevrons, stripes, and leggins cleaned? (1279-1280) 
 
 What care do hats and caps require? (1281) 
 
 For what formations should a soldier set aside his best suit of clothes? 
 (1282) 
 
 What care should be exercised in putting clothing away? (1283) 
 
 Discuss the removing of grease spots? (1285) 
 
 How may rust or ink spots be removed? (1286) 
 
 What is said of sweat stains? (1287) 
 
 What causes the shine on clothes and how may it be removed? (1288) 
 
 Discuss the removal of grease spots and stains from the white stripes 
 on trousers. (1289) 
 
 How may paint spots b removed from clothing? (1290) 
 
 How are gilt ornaments kept in proper condition? (1291) 
 
 Shoes 
 
 Discuss the general care of shoes. (1292) 
 
 Give in detail the points that should be observed in selecting a sho 
 
 fit your foot. (1293) 
 
 What injuries are caused to the foot by ill fitting shoes? (1293) 
 What part of the shoe should always be kept in repair and'wfey? (1294) 
 What is needed to keep shoe leather soft and pliable? (1295) 
 What is the best substitute for a good shoe dressing? (1295) 
 What kinds of dressing should be avoided for shoes? (1295) 
 What injury to shoes is caused by perspiration and how may this 
 
 avoided? (1296) 
 
 Describe the injury caused by drying wet shoes by too great a heat? 
 
 (1297) 
 
 After drying shoes, what should be done? (1297) 
 
 Give a good method of drying shoes. (1297) 
 
 How may old dressing be removed from shoes? (1298) 
 
 How should russet leather be cared for? (1299) 
 
 Give directions for applying liquid dressing to shoes? (1300) 
 
 1294) 
 
 his be 
 heat? 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRATNTXC 59 
 
 Equipment 
 
 Ordinarily what will suffice to keep cloth equipment clean? (1301) 
 When cloth equipment becomes soiled or dirty, what should be done? 
 
 (1302) 
 
 What kind of soap should be used in washing cloth equipment 1 ? (1303) 
 
 Before washing cloth equipment, what should be done? (1303) 
 
 Explain the actual washing and drying of cloth equipment. (1303) 
 
 How is the shelter tent cleaned? (1304) 
 
 Discuss the care of the knife, fork and spoon. (1304-1306) 
 
 How is the meat can kept in good condition and repair? (1307) 
 
 What care should be taken of the bacon can? (1308) 
 
 How are the condiment can and cup kept in good condition? (1309- 
 
 1310) 
 
 When must especial care be taken to wash out the canteen? (1311) 
 How may the blade and handle of the pick mattock be repaired? (1312) 
 What use should never be made of the shovel? (1313) 
 What care should be taken of metal parts of entrenching tools? (1313) 
 
 Leather Equipment 
 
 Why is the care of leather equipment most important? (1314) 
 What two agents are necessary to the proper cleaning of leather? (1315) 
 What cleaning and what oiling agents are issued by the Ordnance De- 
 partment and what is the function of each? (1315) 
 What daily care should be given leather? (1316) 
 How often should leather be thoroughly cleaned? (1316) 
 Describe the different steps that must be taken in thoroughly cleaning 
 leather. (1316) 
 
 Discuss the oiling of leather equipment. (1317) 
 Why is it important to oil new equipment? (1318) 
 Give the general directions that should be followed in applying oil to 
 leather equipment. (1319) 
 
 Name five points to be remembered in the care and cleaning of leather 
 equipment. (1320) 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII 
 CAEE AND DESCRIPTION OF THE RIFLE 
 
 What should be the soldier's first thought? (1321) 
 
 What fact is generally recognized in connection with rifles becoming un- 
 serviceable? (1321) 
 
 Why is the bore of the rifle manufactured with the greatest care? 
 (1322) 
 
 What does the proper care of the bore require and in what way does it 
 pay? (1322) 
 
 How must the bore always be cleaned with the cleaning rod? (1323) 
 
 What is cleaning" from the muzzle liable to cause? (1323) 
 
 What is the first step in cleaning the rifle? (1323) 
 
 Where should the muzzle never be placed? (1323) 
 
 What kind of patches are used to clean the bore? (1323) 
 
 What does the care of the bore consist off (1324) 
 
 What kinds of fouling result from firing? (1325) 
 
 What does the powder fouling cause? (1325) 
 
 What may the metal fouling cover, and when does it reduce the accuracy 
 of the rifle? (1325) 
 
60 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TRAINING 
 
 How may the powder fouling be removed? (1326) 
 
 What must be done before we are sure that all powder fouling has been 
 removed? (1326) 
 
 How is metal fouling removed ordinarily after firing a barrel in good 
 condition? (1326) 
 
 What steps are taken to remove the metal fouling after the bore has been 
 scrubbed out with the soda solution? (1327) 
 
 What are the successive steps to follow in cleaning the bore after firing? 
 (1328) 
 
 What is done on the following day as a measure of safety? (1328) 
 
 Why must every effort be made to prevent the formation of pits? 
 (1329) 
 
 How is the barrel cleaned when the swabbing solutions or standard metal 
 fouling solution is not available? (1329) 
 
 What is the proper method of oiling a barrel? (1330) 
 
 Why is the chamber of the rifle often neglected? (1331) 
 
 What may a roughened chamber cause? (1331) 
 
 How is the^bolt cleaned? (1332) 
 
 How should the front and rear sight be cared for? (1333) 
 
 What results if the sights are injured? (1332) 
 
 How should the magazine be kept? (1333) 
 
 What treatment should the stock receive? (1334) 
 
 How is the mechanism cared for when the rifle has been wet or exposed 
 to unfavorable climatic conditions? . (1336) 
 
 What should be habitually done to all working parts? (1336) 
 
 How are all metal parts of the rifle kept? (1337) 
 
 How must all cams and bearings be constantly kept? (1338) 
 
 What is the proper way to apply oil? (1339) 
 
 Remember 
 
 What is easier to prevent than to remove? (1340) 
 How can you remove rust? (1340) 
 What must never be used in removing rust? (1340) 
 What will prevent rust and dirt in the bore? (1340) 
 What should never be done with a rifle that has been fired or exposed to 
 bad weather? (1340) 
 
 Where should you never lay your rifle, and why? (1340) 
 
 
 Army Regulations Regarding the Rifle 
 
 Are enlisted men allowed to take their arms apart? (1341) 
 Is the polishing of blued and browned parts permitted? (1341) 
 Is the use of tompions in small arms permitted? (1341) 
 Should pieces be unloaded before being taken to quarters or tents? 
 
 (1341) 
 
 Should a loaded or unloaded rifle or revolver ever be pointed at anyone 
 
 in play? (1341) 
 
 Why is it most important that the soldier be thoroughly familiar with 
 
 the use of the different parts of the rear-sight leaf, drift slide and wind 
 
 gauge? (1343) 
 
 How is the rear-sight leaf graduated? (1343) 
 
 What divisions do the lines that extend the whole way across the two 
 
 branches of the leaf, mark; those that extend half way across; and tlu 
 
 shorter lines? (1343) 
 
 What do even numbers on the left branch indicate? (1343) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 61 
 
 What do the odd numbers on the right branch indicate? (1343) 
 How do you know to which line the numbers refer? (1343) 
 What are the range limits with the fly leaf up using peep hole. <( K"; 
 using lower peep notch, "J"; and upper peep notch, "G'"% (13-13) 
 When the peep hole sight is used how is the sight set? (1343) 
 When the peep notch, " J" is used how is the sight set? (Iol3) 
 When the peep notch, "G" is used how is the sight set? (1343) 
 At what range is sighting notch "A" used? (1343) 
 What is meant by battle sight? (1343) 
 To what sight setting does it correspond? (1343) 
 What sight is used in rapid fire? (1343) 
 
 What side has a great advantage over the other in unexpected, close en- 
 counters? (1343) 
 
62 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 PART IV 
 RIFLE TRAINING AND INSTRUCTION 
 
 What is the object of the system of rifle training employed in our army? 
 (1344) 
 
 How are individuals trained to make hits in battle instead of misses? 
 (1345) 
 
 What effort is made in training a soldier in shooting? (1345) 
 
 What are the three main phases or stages of individual instruction? 
 (1345) 
 
 What are the preliminary drills and what do they teach the soldier? 
 (1345) 
 
 What is the soldier shown in gallery practice? (1345) 
 
 What may this practice be called? (1345) 
 
 What important transition does the soldier's training undergo in gal- 
 lery practice? (1345) 
 
 Having finished his gallery practice what is the third stage in the pre- 
 liminary instruction of the soldier? (1345) 
 
 On the range what does the soldier put into actual practice? (1345) 
 
 What other subjects should a soldier be instructed in to round out and 
 complete his skill in marksmanship? (1346) 
 
 What does collective training and instruction in rifle firing accomplish? 
 (1347) 
 
 What is this collective training in rifle practice called? (1347) 
 
 'Give an outline of the program of individual instruction in rifle train- 
 ing. (1348) 
 
 Individual Instruction 
 
 Name and describe the path of a bullet through the air. (1349) 
 What forces cause the path of a bullet to be curved? (1349) 
 What two sights are provided for the rifle and what is their purpose? 
 (1350) 
 
 What is aiming and what is accomplished when a perfect aim is taken 
 and the trigger pulled? (1350) 
 
 What effect on the rifle in aiming has tltfh raising of the rear sight? 
 (1350) 
 
 What is meant by the open sight? (1352) 
 
 Describe how to take a correct sight with the open sight drawing a dia- 
 gram to illustrate this. (1352) 
 
 What is meant by the peep sight? (1352) 
 
 Describe how to take a correct sight with the peep sight. (1352) 
 Draw a diagram showing a correct and an incorrect use of the peep 
 sight. (1352) 
 
 What is the disadvantage of the peep sight? (1352) 
 What is meant by the battle sight and when is it used? (1352) 
 What sight setting is the battle sight equivalent to? (1352) 
 How must you aim with the battle sight at objects under 530 yards? 
 (1352) 
 
 What is meant by normal sight and what does this insure/ (1353) 
 Illustrate the normal sight by diagrams. (1353) 
 
 What is meant by fine sight and full sight and why should the use of 
 these sights be avoided? (1353) 
 
 Illustrate the fine and full sight by diagram. (1353) 
 What should the rifleman be looking at when he fires his piece ami win- 
 is this necessary? (1354) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 63 
 
 Sighting Drills 
 
 What do the sighting position and aiming drills accomplish? (1353) 
 What are the objects of the sighting drills? (1356) 
 How may a simple sighting rest for the rifle be made? (1356) 
 In addition to the sighting rest for the rifle what is necessary to com- 
 plete the equipment for teaching sighting? (1356) 
 
 How far is the paper placed from the sighting rest? (1356) 
 Having the rifle in the rest and a soldier ready to move the bull's eye 
 mark how is the sighting exercise conducted? (1356) 
 
 What should the point of aim be in these exercises and why is this point 
 chosen? (1357) 
 
 Describe the first sighting exercise. (1358) 
 Describe the second sighting exercise, (1358) 
 
 Draw triangles to illustrate the result of taking different amounts of 
 front sight ; correct amount of front sight but not centering the sight in the 
 notch ; taking different amounts of front sight and not centering the sight 
 in the notch. (1359) 
 
 How may the instructor verify the sighting after a good triangle has 
 been made? (1360) 
 
 In verifying the sight if the bull 's eye is in the following positions what 
 error has been made in sighting; directly above its proper position; directly 
 below its proper position; to the right or left of its proper position; diag- 
 onally above and to the right of its proper position? (1361) 
 What is the object of the third sighting exercise? (1362) 
 What is the effect of canting the piece to the right? (1362) 
 Describe how the effect of canting the piece may be shown. (1362) 
 What is the object of the fourth sighting exercise? (1363) 
 What is the fifth sighting exercise intended to illustrate? (1364) 
 Describe the fifth sighting exercise. (1365) 
 
 Position and Aiming Drills 
 
 What are the objects of the position and aiming drills? (1365) 
 
 What is one of the chief causes for bad shooting and how may this be 
 
 corrected? (1365) 
 
 In the position and aiming drills why is the rear sight leaf always 
 
 raised? (1366) 
 
 How is the squad formed for position and aiming drills? (1366) 
 The squad being ready what does the instructor caution before giving 
 
 the command for any one of the position and aiming drills? (1366) 
 
 How may a position and aiming exercise once begun be repeated? (1366) 
 What command is given to stop an exercise in position and aiming: drill? 
 
 (1366) 
 
 How long should position and aiming drills last and what is said about 
 
 correcting men? (1366) 
 
 Give the commands for and describe "Position Exercise. " (1367) 
 What points should the instructor note and correct in the position exer- 
 cise? (1367) 
 
 Give the commands for and describe "Aiming Exercise." (1368) 
 Whatever the position assumed in aiming exercise how should the piece 
 
 rest on the left handfx (1369) 
 
 In what two ways may the eye be brought into the line of sight and 
 
 which js considered best for shooting? (1369) 
 
 Why should changes of elevation be used in the aiming exercise? (1369) 
 What is the effect of holding the breath too long in aiming? (1369) 
 
64 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TEAINING 
 
 Give the commands for and describe "Trigger-Squeeze Exercise/' 
 (1370) 
 
 What is poor shooting often the result of? (1370) 
 
 What will trigger-squeeze exercise teach a soldier with regard to com- 
 bining his breathing, aiming, and trigger-squeezing? (1370) 
 
 Describe how the trigger should be squeezed? (1371) 
 
 What is the object of the "Bapid Fire Exercise 77 ? (1372) 
 
 Give the commands for and describe the Eapid Fire Exercise. (1372) 
 
 Why should a recruit not be given the rapid fire exercise until he has 
 been thoroughly drilled in the exercises preceding it? (1373) 
 
 When should the recruit be made to repeat the rapid fire exercise? 
 (1374) 
 
 What is the best method of holding the piece while operating the breech 
 mechanism? (1375) 
 
 What change is required in the position and aiming drills when executed 
 in the kneeling position? (1376) 
 
 Give several errors that may occur that must be noted and corrected in 
 the position and aiming drill in the kneeling position. .(1376) 
 
 Why must a certain amount of choice in the kneeling position be allowed 
 individuals? (1377) 
 
 Why is it important that the left elbow rest on the knee in the kneeling 
 position? (1377) 
 
 What is the natural position assumed by the soldier for making a quick 
 shot? (1378) 
 
 Why should the position and aiming drills be given in the sitting posi- 
 tion? (1379) 
 
 Explain how the soldier sits down from the standing position. (1379) 
 
 Describe the position of the arms in aiming from the sitting position. 
 
 What instruction in the position and aiming drills will begin in the prone 
 
 position for aiming or firing? (1380) 
 
 Explain "Trigger Squeeze Exercise " in the prone position. (1381) 
 Why is the prone position the most valuable one to the soldier? (1382) 
 How is the recoil of the rifle prevented from bruising the shoulder in 
 
 firing from the prone position? (1382) 
 
 Deflection and Elevation Correction Drills 
 
 In case a shot misses the bull 's eye what two things may be done to cause 
 the second shot to hit it? (1383) 
 
 What method is used to bring a man's shots into the bull's eye when 
 they have been missing it? (1383) 
 
 Describe, using diagrams, the method of teaching a soldier how to make 
 the necessary corrections in elevation and windage to hit the bull 's eye after 
 the location of the first shot is signalled or assumed? (1383) 
 
 Show by example how different changes in elevation are necessary at 
 different ranges in order to have the second shot strike the same distance 
 above the first shot on the target. (1383) 
 
 How are corrections in windage made? (1384) 
 
 What is an easy rule to remember in making changes in windage? (1384) 
 
 If the wind is blowing from the right and your bullet has struck to the 
 right in what direction do you move your rear sight to hit the bull's eye? 
 (1384) 
 
 What effect on the bullet does moving the rear sight to the left have? 
 (1384) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TKAINTNG 65 
 
 Gallery Practice 
 
 When is the soldier instructed in gallery practice? (1385) 
 What rifle is used for gallery practice? (1385) 
 
 Of what value is gallery practice to the recruit? (1385) 
 
 Why is gallery practice of value to any soldier? (1385) 
 
 Range Practice 
 
 What rifle and ammunition are used in range practice? (1386) 
 How is range practice divided? (1386) 
 
 What courses are prescribed for troops of the Eegular Army? (1386) 
 What course is prescribed for the Organized Militia and Volunteers? 
 (1386) 
 
 Where are these courses described in detail? (1386) 
 # 
 
 Other Instruction - 
 
 When is instruction given in the use of the sling? (1387) 
 Describe the sling and its adjustment? (1388) 
 What does the sling do in firing? (1389) 
 Discuss the use of the sling in firing. (1389) 
 
 Describe in detail (using a rifle to illustrate when possible) the method 
 of putting the sling on the arm. (1390) 
 
 Having jmt the sling on the arm explain in detail how to take the cor- 
 rect position to aim and fire. (1390) 
 
 Explain the clock method of designating winds. (1391) 
 What is a good rule for a beginner in estimating his windage? (1391) 
 How can you determine the direction of the wind? (1391) 
 What is meant by the "drift" of a bullet? (1392) 
 What is meant by the "zero" of a rifle and how is it found? (1392) 
 Why is estimating distance an important part of a soldier's training? 
 (1393) 
 
 What methods of estimating distance must the soldier know? (1393) 
 Describe how to teach a soldier to estimate distance by the eye? (1393) 
 Give several methods of estimating long distances. (1394) 
 Describe estimating distances by trial shots or volleys. (1395) 
 In estimating distances when, do objects seem nearer, more distant, than 
 the true range? (1396) 
 
 What effect do the following have on shots, heat, cold, and moisture? 
 (1397-8) 
 
 Explain the effect of light on aiming. (1399) 
 
 What is the rule for moving your sight when the sun 'comes out while you 
 are shooting? (1399) 
 
 What is meant by mirage in shooting? (1400) 
 What should you do when the mirage is boiling? (1400) 
 Give a summary of the effects of temperature and moisture on eleva- 
 tion? (1401) 
 
 What is the effect on firing with the bayonet fixed? (1402) 
 Why is the proper care of his rifle important to a soldier in his shooting? 
 (1403) 
 
 COLLECTIVE INSTRUCTION 
 Combat Practice 
 
 When is the maximum effect of fire in battle obtained? (1404) 
 What two objects are to be, obtained in collective firing? (1404) 
 
66 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 In order to make a unit a pliable manageable and efficient instrument in 
 his hands in battle what must a commander be able to do and how is this 
 accomplished? (1405) 
 
 What is meant by fire discipline? (1406) 
 
 What must a commander know in order to handle a unit with intelligence 
 and efficiency in battle? (1407) 
 
 What do combat exercises consist of? (1408) 
 
 What training and instructions is taught by combat exercises? (1408) 
 
 -Where are tactical principles applicable to combat exercises to be found? 
 (1408) 
 
 Where are the technical principles of firing given in detail? (1409) 
 
 The Effect of Fire 
 
 What are the ballistic qualities of a rifle? (1410) 
 
 Upon what is the flatness of the trajectory of a rifle dependent? (1410) 
 
 Explain why of two rifles of equal accuracy the one having the flatter 
 trajectory is the better. (1410) 
 
 What makes our battle sight possible? (1410) 
 
 Describe what is meant by the cone of fire and draw a diagram to illus- 
 trate. (1411) 
 
 Explain what is meant by a shot group and the center of impact illus- 
 trating by a diagram. (1412) 
 
 Draw a diagram of and explain the beaten zone. (1413) 
 
 What is the form of the beaten zone for short and long ranges? (1413) 
 
 Why is long range fire uncertain and usually ineffective? (1414) 
 
 What is the zone of effective fire? (1415) 
 
 Effectiveness of Fire 
 
 Upon what three factors is the effectiveness of fire dependent? (1416) 
 What is meant by the percentage of hits and upon what does it depend? 
 
 (1417) 
 
 How may the number of targets hit be affected? (1418) 
 
 What, under any circumstances, will poor distribution of hits be due to ? 
 
 (1418) 
 
 Why is the time of execution of firing important? (1419) 
 
 Give the standard rate of fire for troops who have had suitable training? 
 
 (1419) 
 
 What rate of fire should not be exceeded for imperfectly trained men? 
 
 (1419) 
 
 Influence of Ground 
 
 Explain defilade, illustrating by a diagram. (1420) 
 
 Upon what will the extent of defiladed space depend? (1420) 
 
 What is meant by cover, by concealment? (1420) 
 
 What is the effect on the fire of ground falling with respect to line of 
 sight; of ground rising with respect to the line of sight? Illustrate by dia- 
 gram. (1421) 
 
 What targets are affected by the depth of the beaten zone? Give ex- 
 ample. (1422) 
 
 Illustrate by diagram the effect of fire delivered from a height on a hori- 
 zontal plane beneath. (1422) 
 
 Illustrate by diagram the effect of fire delivered at a target on the edge 
 of a plateau. (1422) 
 
 What are grazing shots? (1423) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 67 
 
 In case the ground slopes upwards to the rear of firing line where may 
 the supports be placed? (1424) 
 
 When the ground slopes down and to the rear of the firing line where 
 must the supports be posted? (1424) 
 
 What targets will suffer greater losses on ground rising with respect to 
 the line of sight, line or column targets? (1424) 
 
 What are ricochet shots and what ground is most favorable for them? 
 (1425) 
 
 What two aspects does the question of the occupation of the ground 
 present? (1426) 
 
 What question does the selection of a defensive position present? (1426) 
 
 A Position Well Down the Slope 
 
 What are the advantages well down the slope? (1426) 
 
 What are the disadvantages of a position well down the slope? (1426) 
 
 A Position Near the Crest 
 
 What are the advantages of a position near the crest? (1426) 
 What are the disadvantages of a position near the crest? (1426) 
 For what kind of an action is a position near the crest desirable? (1426) 
 When is a position well down the slope desirable? (1426) 
 In general what location should be selected for a defensive position? 
 (1426) 
 
 Discuss gentle reverse slopes. (1427) 
 
 Adjustment of Fire 
 
 How is the correct adjustment of fire obtained? (1428) 
 
 What two important elements enter into the problem of the adjustment 
 
 of fire? (1428) 
 
 Explain briefly why occasionally poorer shots are more effective than 
 .good shots in collective fire? (1428) 
 
 Why is a correct estimation of the range important in battle? (1428) 
 What methods may be employed in estimating the range? (1429) 
 What is the most practicable method in estimating the range? (1429) 
 In observing the effect of fire what may indicate whether or not the fire 
 
 is effective? (1429) 
 
 What is meant by combined sights? (1430) 
 
 What is meant by an aiming target and when is it used? (1431) 
 
 In firing at a moving target where must the beaten zone be established? 
 
 (1432) 
 
 In firing at moving targets what changes in elevation are made? (1432) 
 Explain changing of sights when firing at skirmish units, retreating in- 
 fantry, and attacking cavalry. (1432) 
 
 In firing at targets moving across the line of fire, where should men be 
 
 taught to hold, especially at infantry, at cavalry, at a trot? (1432) 
 
 What preparations for fire should the defense make in night attacks? 
 
 (1433) 
 
 What special arrangements can be made so that the fire of the defense 
 
 will be fairly accurate at night? (1432) 
 
 Fire Direction and Control 
 
 Discuss in general terms, fire direction and control. (1434) 
 How many rifles has experience shown can be controlled by the voice of 
 one leader? (1434) 
 
68 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TEAINING 
 
 What is the captain's function in firing? (1434) 
 
 What is the function of each platoon leader in firing? (1434) 
 
 Show by diagram how the captain may control the fire of his company? 
 
 (1434) 
 
 Illustrate, by diagram, how the captain and his platoon leaders direct 
 
 and control the fire of the company. (1434) 
 
 In order that the system of communication be successful in actual firing 
 
 what is required of each man of the company? (1434) 
 
 Give the captain's duties when the company is to enter the fire action, 
 
 after the company has opened fire? (1435) 
 What, in combat, is the fire unit? (1436) 
 What are the duties of the platoon leaders before and during the fire 
 
 action? (1436) 
 
 What are the guides' duties in a fire action? (1437) 
 
 What are the duties of the squad leaders during the fire action? (1438) 
 
 What do the musicians (now buglers) do when the fire action opens? 
 
 (1439) 
 
 Give the duties of each private during the fire action of his company. 
 
 (1440) 
 
 Why is the distribution of the fire over the entire target of greatest im- 
 portance? (1441) 
 
 How does the captain allot parts of the target? (1441) 
 In case the target cannot be seen, what is done? (1441) 
 How is the distribution of fire over the entire target assured? (1441) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 69 
 
 PART V 
 CARE OF HEALTH AND KINDRED SUBJECTS 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 CARE OF THE HEALTH 
 
70 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TRAINING 
 
 Name some of the more common diseases caught from the bites of cer- 
 tain insects? (1468) 
 
 Where do the germs of malaria, yellow fever and dengue live, and how 
 are they transmitted from one person to another? (1468) 
 
 What kind of a mosquito develops the malaria germ; the yellow fever 
 germ; the dengue germ? (1468) 
 
 How are these germs transmitted by mosquitoes to persons? (1468) 
 
 What is absolutely the only way that malaria, yellow fever and dengue 
 can be caught? (1468) 
 
 How can you avoid malaria, yellow fever and dengue? (1469) 
 What are the habits of the malaria mosquito ; the yellow fever mosquito ; 
 the dengue mosquito? (1469) 
 
 How does it differ from the other two kinds? (1469) 
 
 How can mosquitoes be killed? (1469) 
 
 CHAPTER II 
 PERSONAL HYGIENE 
 
 What is Personal Hygiene? (1470) 
 What are the principle rules to be observed? (1470) 
 Why should the skin be kept clean? (1471) 
 What small troubles are caused by lack of cleanliness? (1471) 
 How often should a person bathe? (1471) 
 What care should the feet and socks be given? (1471) 
 What care should the finger nails receive? (1471) 
 When and in what kind of water should underwear be washed! (1471] 
 How is the care of the head kept? (1471) 
 Why is clothing of the soldier worn? (1472) 
 What is caused by too much or too little clothing? (1472) 
 What is the first feeling of frost bite? (1472) 
 What parts of the body does frost attack first? (1472) 
 How can sun glare and sun blindness be prevented? (1472) 
 What do large lumps of food do and cause? (1473) 
 What food should not be eaten? (1473)" 
 
 If haversack rations are issued to you what divisions of them would you 
 make and why? (1473) 
 
 Before starting on a hike what do you do about water? (1473) 
 Why not eat ice or snow to quench the thirst? (1473) 
 Why not drink large quantities of cold spring water when you are 
 heated? (1473) 
 
 Why not drink whiskey and beer, especially in the field? (1473) 
 What does alcohol cause? (1473) 
 When should tobacco be avoided? (1473) 
 
 What part of the air do the brain, kidneys and other internal organs re- 
 quire, and when do they need it? (1474) 
 
 How is the oxygen carried throughout the body? (1474) 
 When is it difficult to get all the fresh air we need? (1474) 
 How should the air in a dormitory smell? (1474) 
 In what way should fresh air be continually admitted? (1474) 
 It is much better to sleep in what kind of a room? (1474) 
 What will fresh air prevent and what will it cure? (1474) 
 What is absolutely necessary to good health? (1475) 
 What will lack of exercise of any set of the muscles cause them to do! 
 (1475) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAKY TEAINING 71 
 
 | What sports are the best form of exercise and why? (1475) 
 ! What does exhaustion on the other hand bring about? (1475) 
 
 How should the body be rested? (1476) 
 
 How much uninterrupted sleep is enough for the average man? (1476) 
 I What should you remember concerning your comrades? (1476) 
 
 What should you be careful not to do in camp? (1476) 
 
 Why should you not drink coffee at night? (1476) 
 
 I When on the march what should you take advantage of and why? (1476) 
 I What is done as soon as the command is given to fall out? (1476) 
 
 If carrying the pack what should you do? (1476) 
 ; If the march has been a long one what should you do? (1476) 
 
 How is this a quick way to remove the heavy dragged feeling of the feet 
 bd legs? (1476) 
 
 I What should the body be kept free of? (1477) 
 
 f What is a good habit to get into regarding the emptying of the bowels? 
 J477) 
 
 Why should you empty the bowels, whenever you have the least desire to 
 b so? (1477) 
 
 How and when should the bowels be flushed? (1477) 
 
 What also will do much to keep the bowels open? (1477) 
 
 What will do much to induce a movement of the bowels? (1477) 
 j From what does most constipation come? (1477) 
 I What habit should not be formed and why? (1477) 
 j What will the constant moderate use of alcohol cause? (1477) 
 
 OHAPTEE III 
 FIEST AID TO THE SICK AND INJURED 
 
 What is the object of teaching first aid? (1478) 
 
 t Is it necessary to know many things to be helpful, and how should one 
 pderstand and do the things he knows? (1478) 
 
 j Explain in detail how first aid should be administered in the following 
 tses: 
 
 Asphyxiation (suffocation) by gas. (1479) 
 
 Bite of dog. (1480) 
 
 Bite of snake. (1480) 
 | Bleeding. (1481) 
 
 What are the dangers from a tourniquet? (1482) 
 
 Broken bones (fractures). (1483) 
 
 What is a compound fracture and why is it serious? (1483) 
 
 What are "splints" and how are they used? (1484) 
 
 How is the splint used in the case of a broken thigh bone? (1484) 
 
 What should be done when an arm is put in a splint? (1484) 
 
 When the jaw is broken what makes a good splint? (-1484) 
 
 When the collar-bone is broken, what makes a good treatment? (1484) 
 
 How is a broken rib treated? (1484) 
 
 For what kind of an injury should an unconscious man always be exam- 
 ed? (1484) 
 
 How should first aid be administered in case of burns, including sunburn, 
 licklime or lye, carbolic acid, and other acids? (1485) 
 
 What should be done in case of burning clothes? (1486) 
 
 How are bruises treated? (1487) 
 
 What is good for chiggers? (1488) 
 
 What is the treatment for choking? (1489) 
 
72 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TEAINING 
 
 How should cuts be treated? (1490) 
 What is the treatment for diarrhoea? (1491) 
 What is a "dislocation" and how is it treated? (1492) 
 When uncertain as to whether you have to deal with a broken bone or a 
 dislocated joint, what treatment should you give? (1492) 
 How is a drowning person rescued? (1493) 
 
 When a person is apparently drowned, why is he unconscious and not 
 breathing? (1493) 
 
 Why is his skin blue and cold? (149S) 
 Does the heart stop soon after the breathing stops? (1493) 
 The patient's life can be saved if we do what? (1493) 
 What then, is our problem, and explain in detail to what it may be lik- 
 ened? (1493) 
 
 Explain fully just exactly how the water is gotten out of the lungs and 
 the air is gotten into them. (1493) 
 
 How long should the effort to revive the patient be kept up and what are 
 the signs of revival? (1493) 
 
 Should one stop working at the first signs of life? (1493) 
 Persons have been revived after how many hours of steady work? (14931 
 Most cases \revive in about how many minutes? (1493) 
 If you are a heavy man what must you be careful about? (1493) 
 What should be done in the case of women or thin persons? (1493) 
 If you happen to be of light build and the patient is a large, heavy perj 
 son, how should you apply the pressure? (1493) 
 
 Should liquid of any kind be given the patient while he is unconscious I 
 Why? (1493) 
 
 What should be done after the patient regains consciousness? (1493) I 
 . What should be done in case of : 
 
 Earache? (1494) 
 
 Foreign body in ear? (1495) 
 
 Electric shock? (1496) 
 
 Foreign body in eye? (1497) 
 
 Fainting? What causes fainting? (1498) 
 
 Fish hook in flesh? (1499) 
 
 Fits? (1500) 
 
 Freezing? (1502) 
 
 Frost bite? (1503) 
 
 Headache? (1504) 
 
 Heat exhaustion? (1505) 
 
 When struck by lightning? (1506) 
 
 Foreign body in nose? (1507) 
 
 Poison? Bichloride of mercury? Carbolic Acid? (1508) 
 
 Scalds? (1509) 
 
 Scratches, of cats and other animals? (1510) 
 
 Shock? (1511) 
 
 Snow or sun blindness? (1512) 
 
 Sore throat? 
 
 Spider's bite? (1514) 
 
 Sprains? (1516) 
 
 Stings? (1517) 
 
 Sunburn? (1518) 
 
 Sunstroke? (1519) 
 What fact do we know to be of the utmost importance in the case of an 
 wound? (1520) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TRAINING 73 
 
 What is "pus" and what does it do? (1520) 
 
 What is our first aim in treating wounds and how is it accomplished? 
 (1520) 
 
 What does the first aid packet consist of? (1521) 
 What is the one important fact about the first aid packet? (1521) 
 Under what conditions is it perfectly safe to put a first aid packet on a 
 wound? (1521) 
 
 Should a fresh, clean wound ever be washed? (1521) 
 What precautions should be observed in applying a first aid packet? 
 (1521) 
 
 Describe just exactly how a first aid packet should be opened and hand- 
 ed? (1521) 
 
 Often in whose hands is the life of a wounded man? (1521) 
 What, in an emergency, may be substituted for a first aid packet? 
 (1521) 
 
 In the case of an infected wound, what should be done before applying 
 the first aid dressing? (1521) 
 
 Describe how improvised litters can be made. (1522) 
 
74 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 PART VI 
 MILITARY COURTESY AND KINDRED SUBJECTS 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 MILITARY DEPORTMENT AND APPEARANCE PERSONAL 
 
 CLEANLINESS FORMS OF SPEECH DELIVERY 
 
 OF MESSAGES, ETC. 
 
 What can be said about the responsibilities of a soldier as regards civil 
 authority? (1523) 
 
 How must a soldier conduct himself? (1523) 
 
 What appearance should be made whether on or off duty and what should 
 he remember? (1523) 
 
 What does the uniform of a soldier symbolize? (1523) 
 
 To whom, besides himself does a soldier owe neatness in dress and why! 
 (1523) 
 
 What fact is known to students of human nature regarding a man being 
 neatly and trimly dressed? (1523) 
 
 What impression does a man who misbehaves in uniform create and what 
 results are thereby produced? (1523) 
 
 .State a fact well known regarding laxity in dress and negligence in mili- 
 tary courtesy. (1523) 
 
 Give the requirements to be carefully observed by a soldier in connec- 
 tion with the following points: 
 
 (1) Care and attendance to dress; (2) wearing of blouse or overcoat; 
 (3) cap; (4) hair; (5) face; (6) shoes; (7) trousers; (8) garrison belt; 
 (9) leggins; (10) brass letters, numbers and crossed rifles; (11) white 
 gloves; (12) hands in pockets. What are the requirements of Army Regu- 
 lations regarding men leaving the post on pass? (1523) 
 
 What articles are not permitted to be worn, exposed to view, while in 
 uniform? (1523) 
 
 Give the prohibitions in the Uniform Regulations regarding the mixing 
 of civilian dress and any mark or part of the uniform, and the mixing of 
 uniforms? (1523) 
 
 When the company commander or any other officer sends for a soldier 
 to report to him in the company office or any other plaee how must the sol- 
 dier be dressed? (1523) 
 
 What is obedience? (1524) 
 
 What kind of obedience must be paid by all subordinates to the orders 
 of their superiors? (1524) 
 
 What should a soldier do first of all? (1524) ' 
 
 How should all duty be performed and why? (1524) 
 
 Whom do the company noncommissioned officers represent in the orders 
 and directions they give? (1525) 
 
 What do orders and regulations require of men towards noncommissioned 
 officers? (1525) 
 
 Discuss the proper action of privates when they have received orders 
 from noncommissioned officers? (1525) 
 
 In what places does the authority of noncommissioned officers apply? 
 (1525) 
 
 Give the proper forms of speech to be used in speaking to an officer. 
 (1526) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TBAINING 75 
 
 What should a soldier do when he has finished the thing he was ordered 
 to do? (1526) 
 
 If ordered to report to an officer for any purpose when should you go 
 away? (1526) 
 
 When an officer calls a soldier who is some distance away what action 
 should the soldier take? (1526) 
 
 When do you salute an officer who is leaving you after having had a con- 
 versation? (1526) 
 
 Give the proper procedure in entering an office. (1527) 
 
 How does a soldier get his complaints before the captain? (1528) 
 
 What is the custom for soldiers who wish to speak to the captain about 
 anything other than complaints? (1528) 
 
 Discuss how a soldier is paid. (1529) 
 
 How can a soldier deposit his money? (1529) 
 
 When an enlisted man receives a written or verbal message from an offi- 
 cer for delivery and does not understand it, what should he do? (1530) 
 
 How does a soldier acknowledge that he understands the instructions 
 given him? (1530) 
 
 How does he deliver the message to the officer for whom it is intended 
 when the officer is junior to the officer sending the message, and when the 
 officer is senior to him? (1530) 
 
 What should you always ascertain before leaving an officer to whom you 
 deliver a message? (1530) 
 
 How does rank affect the presenting of compliments from one officer to 
 another? (1530) 
 
 What uniform is worn by a witness before a court? (1531) 
 
 When you have been called and have entered the room what should you 
 do? (1531) 
 
 What reply do you make to the oath given you by the judge-advocate? 
 (1531) 
 
 Give the proper reply to the question "Do you know the accused? If 
 so, state who he is." (1531) 
 
 When and how should you answer the questions asked you? (1531) 
 
 What is done when the judge-advocate says "That is all." (1531) 
 
 CHAPTER II 
 
 MILITAEY COURTESY 
 
 * 
 
 Why do some soldiers not see the necessity for saluting, standing at at- 
 tention and other forms of courtesy? (1532) 
 
 What is the index to the manner in which other duties are performed? 
 (1532) 
 
 What do Army Regulations tell us regarding military courtesy? (1533) 
 What is the nature and origin of salutes among civilians? (1533) 
 What has always seemed to be one of the natural nobler instincts of 
 man? (1534) 
 
 Why was the present form of saluting adopted? (1534) 
 What mistaken ideas regarding saluting are sometimes formed? (1534) 
 What does manly deference to superiors not imply? (1534) 
 What idea should the recruit at once rid himself of? (1534) 
 By saluting what does the raw recruit command? (1534) 
 When a soldier salutes an officer what is he really saluting? (1534) 
 What does a man with a true soldierly instinct never do? (1534) 
 How is military courtesy simply an application of common, everyday 
 courtesy and common sense? (1534) 
 
76 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TEAINING 
 
 How does this apply to a man who has the instincts of a real soldier? 
 (1534) 
 
 What is the significance of the salute on the part of a subordinate? 
 (1534) 
 
 What is obligatory by custom and regulations? (1534) 
 
 To whom does the military salute belong? (1534) 
 
 Why should a soldier be proud of having the privilege of saluting? 
 (1534) 
 
 How are officers and enlisted men bound together by a military salute? 
 (1534) 
 
 By whom are all army officers saluted? (1535) 
 
 What officers other than those of the Regular Army are soldiers re- 
 quired to salute? (1536) 
 
 What compliment should be paid by soldiers to officers of the Eeserve 
 Corps on active duty? (1537) 
 
 What compliment should be paid by soldiers to foreign naval and mili- 
 tary officers? (1538) 
 
 When and how shall salutes be exchanged between officers and enlisted j 
 men? (1539) 
 
 When will all officers salute? (1540) 
 
 What does military courtesy require of the juniors? (1540) 
 
 When is this subject to change? (1540) 
 
 What is saluting distance? (1541) 
 
 What has been the practice in the Army as to the distance at which the . 
 salute should be made? (1541) 
 
 What procedure is followed when an officer enters a room where there j 
 are several enlisted men? (1542) 
 
 What is done when an officer enters a room where enlisted men are at', 
 meals? (1543) 
 
 If an enlisted man is seated what does he do on the approach of an offi- ; 
 cer? (1544) 
 
 If he is standing what does he do? (1544) 
 
 What does an unarmed enlisted man do when indoors upon the approach 
 of an officer?^ (1545) 
 
 What places do the term "indoors" include? (1545) 
 
 What does an unarmed enlisted man do in such places? (1545) 
 
 When an officer approaches a number of enlisted men out of doors what 
 is done by the enlisted men? (1546) 
 
 When is it customary for enlisted men to salute? (1546) 
 
 What do soldiers actually at work do? (1547) 
 
 What do soldiers actually at work do if addressed by an officer? (1547) 
 
 What does a soldier riding in a wagon do when passing an officer? 
 (1548) 
 
 If a soldier is driving a wagon, when should he salute? (1548) 
 
 When a soldier is passed by an officer on a staircase what does he do ? I 
 
 What does an armed enlisted man do before addressing an officer, or 
 when addressed by him? (1550) 
 
 What does he do if unarmed? (1550) 
 
 What does he do after receiving a reply? (1550) 
 
 How are salutes rendered in uniform? (1551) 
 
 How do enlisted men out of doors and armed with the rifle salute?] 
 (1552) 
 
 If indoors, how is the rifle salute rendered? (1552) 
 
 An enlisted man armed with the saber, renders what salute if saber is J 
 drawn? (1553) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 77 
 
 If the saber is not drawn what salute does he render? (1553) 
 
 When does a soldier salute with the present arms? (1554) 
 
 At all other times when armed with the rifle what salute does he render? 
 (1554) 
 
 When may a sentinel on post doing interior guard duty not salute? 
 (1554) 
 
 In civilian dress, covered or uncovered, how do officers and enlisted men 
 salute military persons? (1555) 
 
 Officers and enlisted men will render the prescribed salutes in what man- 
 ner? (1556) 
 
 When several officers in company are saluted, which ones return it? 
 (1557) 
 
 Except in the field under campaign, or simulated campaign conditions; 
 what do mounted officers or soldiers do before addressing a superior officer 
 not mounted? (1558) 
 
 What does a soldier do in formation when directly addressed? (1559) 
 
 In what public places and when may honors and personal salutes be 
 omitted? (1560) 
 
 Give an instance when an eidisted man would not salute unless addressed 
 by an officer? (1560) 
 
 Give an instance when it would be but an act of courtesy for him to rise, 
 salute and offer an officer his seat. (1560) 
 
 Commanders of detachments or other commands will salute officers of 
 grades higher than the person commanding the unit in what manner when 
 with arms in hand? (1561) Without arms in hand? (1561) 
 
 When an officer entitled to the salute passes in rear of a body of troops, 
 what is done? (1562) 
 
 If the command is in line at a halt (not in the field) and armed with 
 the rifle, or with sabers drawn, what is done before its commander salutes 
 when the National Anthem is played, or when "To the Color" or "To the 
 Standard ' ' is sounded during ceremonies, or when a person is saluted who 
 is its immediate or higher commander or a general officer, or when the na- 
 tional or regimental color is saluted? (1563) 
 
 Salutes and honors, as a "rule are not paid by troops actually engaged in 
 what duties? (1564) 
 
 Troops on the service of security pay what compliments? (1564) 
 
 At what gaits, are salutes not rendered? (1565) 
 
 When moving at such gait what must the soldier first do before saluting? 
 (1565) 
 
 The question of gait applies to what person? (1565) 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 Where does a soldier accompanying an officer walk? (1566) 
 
 What compliment does a prisoner pay an officer? (1567) 
 
 When is a salute very unmilitary? (1568) 
 
 How do you salute ladies? (1569) 
 
 What are you forbidden to do when saluting ladies? (1569) 
 
 How long is the hand or weapon held in the position of salute? (1570) 
 
 Usual Mistakes in Saluting 
 
 What are the mistakes usually made by soldiers in rendering salutes? 
 (1571) 
 
78 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TEAINING 
 
 Respect to be Paid to the National Anthem, the Colors and Standards 
 
 Whenever the National Anthem is played at any place when persons be- 
 longing to the military service are present, what do officers and enlisted 
 men not in formation, do? (1572) 
 
 If they are in uniform, armed or unarmed, or in civilian clothes, uncov- 
 ered, when do they salute? (1572) 
 
 If they are not in uniform and covered what is done? (1572) 
 
 In inclement weather what may be done with the civilian headdress? 
 (1572) 
 
 What rules apply when ' ' To the Color " or "To the Standard ' ' is sound- 
 ed? (1572) 
 
 What marks of respect are observed during the playing of the national 
 anthem of any other country when played upon official occasions? (1573) 
 
 State what is done when "To the Color " is sounded at retreat. (1574) 
 
 Officers and enlisted men, in uniform, passing the uncased color (or 
 standard) render what honor? (1575) 
 
 If in civilian dress, covered, what honor is rendered? (1575) 
 
 What is meant by "Colors." and "Standards"? 
 
 In the Army Regulations to what does the word "Color" refer? (1575) 
 
 To what does "Standard" refer? (1575) 
 
 What is meant by uncased colors and standards? (1575) 
 
 What is meant by Flag? (1575) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 79 
 
 PART VII 
 GUARD DUTY 
 
 What is one of the soldier's most important duties? (1576) 
 
 In all armies of the world the manner in which guard duty is performed 
 is an index to what? (1576) 
 
 What depends upon the guard's vigilance and readiness for action? 
 (1576) 
 
 When is the importance of guard duty increased? (1576) 
 
 Why? (1576) 
 
 What may the sentinels be considered? (1576) 
 
 What does military law enjoin regarding respect for sentinels? (1577) 
 
 What is required of all persons in the service? (1577) 
 
 Why should a sentinel be fully protected in the discharge of his duties? 
 (1577) 
 
 What would result if anyone were permitted to molest or interfere with a 
 sentinel, without becoming liable to a severe penalty? (1577) 
 
 Whom does a sentinel represent with respect to the orders he is required 
 to enforce? (1578) 
 
 To what is a sentinel entitled? (1578) 
 
 Over what persons has a sentinel absolute authority? (1578) 
 
 What does disobedience of a sentinel's orders constitute? (1578) 
 
 Introduction 
 
 Into what classes are guards divided? (1579) 
 
 When only are exterior guards used? (1580) 
 
 To what branch of military art do exterior guards belong and in what 
 regulations are they treated? (1580) 
 
 What is the purpose of exterior guards? (1580) 
 
 What form do they take on the march? (1580) 
 
 What do they consist of at a halt? (1580) 
 
 Where and for what purpose are interior guards used? (1581) 
 
 In time of war where may sentinels of an interior guard be placed rela- 
 tive to the normal exterior guard of a camp? (1581) 
 
 In time of peace what class of guard is used in a camp or garrison? 
 (1581) 
 
 In time of war for what purposes are military police used? (1582) 
 
 When and where are provost guards used? (1583.) 
 
 For what purpose? (1583) 
 
 INTERIOR GUARD 
 
 Classification 
 
 How are the elements of an interior guard classified according to their 
 particular purposes and the manner in which their duties are performed? 
 (1584) 
 
 Details and Rosters 
 
 At what posts and in what commands in the field are interior guards de- 
 tailed and mounted? (1585) 
 
 What is the strength and composition of an interior guard and by whom 
 determined? (1585) 
 
 Who commands the interior guard and under what supervision? (1585) 
 
 Why is a system of sentinels on fixed posts of value in discipline and 
 training? (1586) 
 
80 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TEAINING 
 
 Why should the number of men detailed for interior guard be the small- 
 est possible? (1586) 
 
 In time of peace how may the commanding officer reduce the number of 
 sentinels on fixed posts required for interior guard duty? (1586) 
 
 At posts where there are less than three companies how may the main and 
 special guards be furnished? _(1587) 
 
 At posts where there are three or more companies how will the main 
 guard be furnished? (1587) 
 
 Should a single company furnish the main guard, what other details will 
 if practicable, be supplied from it? (1587) 
 
 Should a single company furnish the main guard, for what duties are 
 the company officers detailed? (1587) 
 
 When should an officer of the day be detailed with a guard? (1588) 
 
 When and for what period should an officer be detailed to supervise the 
 command and instruction of a guard? (1588) 
 
 What officers may be detailed as supernumerary officers of the guard and 
 for what purpose? (1589) 
 
 How is the detail of officers of the guard limited? (1589) 
 
 How many days 7 interval between tours should privates of the main 
 guard have, and how is this regulated? (1590) 
 
 The Commanding Officer 
 
 How and to whom does the commanding officer give his orders? (1591) 
 What does he exact in the performance of guard duty? (1591) 
 What will he prescribe in his orders for guard duty? (1591) 
 When and where does he receive the reports of the officers of the day? 
 (1592) 
 
 What does he do upon receipt of these reports? (1592) 
 
 The Officer of the Day 
 
 For what is the officer of the day responsible? (1593) 
 
 With the execution of what orders is he charged? (1593) 
 
 When does his actual tour begin and when does it cease? (1593) 
 
 Should an emergency arise in the interval between guard mounting and 
 reporting to the commanding officer, what is done? (1593) 
 
 In the absence of special instructions what inspections will the officer of 
 the day make during his tour? (1594) 
 
 What may he require of officers and noncommissioned officers of the 
 guard? (1594) 
 
 When and to whom will he furnish the parole and countersign? (1595) 
 
 What does he do if a person entitled to the compliment is present in the 
 post Or camp? (1595) 
 
 In case of an alarm of any kind what steps should he take? (1596) 
 
 To whose orders is he subject? (1597) 
 
 To whose orders is he also subject in case of an alarm of any kind and 
 at a time of great danger? (1597) 
 
 Where will he attend the musters and inspections prescribed in army 
 regulations? (1598) 
 
 At these formations who will give the commands to the guard? (1598) 
 
 Who verifies the prisoners ana 1 inspects the guardhouse and premises? 
 (1598) 
 
 In the absence of instructions what does he do regarding prisoners whose 
 sentences expire that day? (1599) 
 
 What does he do, should there be prisoners with 110 record of charges 
 against them? (1599) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 81 
 
 Who signs the report of the commander of the guard? (1600) 
 May entry of remarks be made on this report? (1600) 
 How do the old and the new officer of the day report to the commanding 
 officer? (1601) 
 
 Of what should the officer of the day always keep his guard informed? 
 (1602) 
 
 Commander of the Guard 
 
 For what is the commander of the guard responsible? (1603) 
 
 What visits of inspection will he make? (1603) 
 
 Whose orders does he obey? (1604) 
 
 Should he receive an order from an officer other than the officer of the 
 day, what should he do? (1604) 
 
 What does he transmit to his successor? (1604) 
 
 When does he become responsible for the safety of the post or camp? 
 (1605) . 
 
 Should an emergency arise while both guards are at the guardhouse what 
 s done? (1605) 
 
 When may the officer of the guard be absent from his guard? (1606) 
 
 When leaving his guard for any purpose what should he do? (1607) 
 
 When and with whom may he divide the night? (1608) 
 
 Who retains responsibility? (1608) 
 
 What does he do when an alarm is raised in camp or garrison? (1609) 
 
 If a sentinel calls, "The Guard,' 7 what does he do? (1610) 
 
 If a sentinel in addition, discharges his piece, what else is done? (1610) 
 
 In addition to the sentinels at the guardhouse what members of the guard 
 ihould always be present? (1611) 
 
 What does the commander of the guard do when the guard is turned out 
 >etween reveille and retreat for any person entitled to the compliment? 
 
 What does he do should the person be entitled to inspect the guard? 
 1612) 
 
 What does he do when the guard is turned out between retreat and 
 eveille? (1612) 
 
 In what cases need 110 report be made? (1613) 
 
 What should a noncommissioned officer do, if in command of a guard 
 iurned out as a compliment or for inspection? (1614) 
 
 How does an officer in command of a guard formed in line and not un- 
 der inspection salute his regimental, battalion and company commander? 
 (1615) 
 
 For officers other than those entitled to the compliment from a guard, 
 .ow does the commander of the guard salute? (1615) 
 
 What would a noncommissioned officer in command of the guard do in 
 these two cases? (1615) 
 
 With whom does the commander of the guard exchange salutes? (1615) 
 
 How is this exchange executed by the guard? (1615) 
 
 When only is "Present arms" executed by a guard? (1615) 
 
 When only is "Eyes right" executed by a guard? (1616) 
 
 What does the commander of the guard do when a person entitled to a 
 salute or to the compliment passes in rear of the guard? (1617) 
 
 How is official recognition taken of the presence in the vicinity of the 
 guard, of any person who has received the salute from its commander or who 
 lias received or declined the compliment? (1617) 
 
 When will the commander of the guard inspect the guard and for what 
 purpose? (1618) 
 
82 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 How does he prepare the guard for inspection by other officers? (16.181 
 When will the guard be paraded during ceremonies? (1619) 
 When and how will "Inspection arms" be executed by members of the 
 guard or reliefs? (1620) 
 
 How often are sentinels relieved? (1621) 
 
 When and by whose authority may this period be changed? (1G21) 
 ^ Relative to what will the commander of the guard question his noncom- 
 missioned officers and sentinels? (1622) 
 
 What are his duties with respect to patrols and visits of inspection? 
 (1622) 
 
 Where should the written special orders for each post and member of 
 the guard be posted? (1623) 
 
 What are his duties with respect to the sounding of calls? (16^4) 
 What is done, should a member of the guard be taken sick, arrested de- 
 sert or leave his post? (1625) 
 
 fcSJ^/SSL* What members of the g uard is the countersign eommrni- 
 cated jr ( 16^26) 
 
 (162r? at flag and gUn details does the comm ander of the guard make? 
 What are his duties with respect to the care of flags? (1627) 
 What clothing may members of the guard be permitted to remove while 
 at the guardhouse? (1628) 
 
 What does he require of members of the guard who leave the guard- 
 house for any purpose whatever? (1628) 
 
 What report does he make and what papers does he transmit upon com 
 pletion of his tour? (1629) 
 
 What does he do when a prisoner is confined? (1630) 
 
 Under war conditions how are persons passed out of camp at night? 
 
 \ J-Ool ) 
 
 What are his duties with respect to detention of persons at the guard- 
 house? (1632) 
 
 What are his duties with respect to inspections of the guard premises 
 and prisoners? (1633) 
 
 When do the corporals of the old and new reliefs verify the prisoners in 
 confinement? (1634) 
 
 What are his duties with respect to the execution of prisoner's senten- 
 ces? . (1635) 
 
 What sentinels are assigned to guard prisoners at work when no special 
 prisoner guard is detailed? (1636) 
 
 What inspections are made of meals sent to the guardhouse? (1637) 
 
 At guard mounting what report does he make concerning prisoners? 
 (1638) 
 
 Who is responsible for the security of prisoners under charge of the 
 guard and when does this responsibility begin? (1639) 
 Should the prisoners be paraded for verification? (1640) 
 When the prisoners have been paraded and verified what does the com- 
 mander of the new guard do? (1641) 
 
 Sergeant of the Guard 
 
 What member of the guard acts as sergeant of the guard? (1642) 
 When does he perform the duties of commalider of the guard? (1642) 
 Over what members of the guard has he general supervision? (1(343) 
 With what orders and duties must he be familiar? (1643) 
 
 "re his duties with respect to property under charge of the guard! 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 83 
 
 What lists of members of the guard does he prepare and what does he do 
 
 with them? (1645) 
 
 What are his duties with respect to corporals and their reliefs? (1646) 
 During his temporary absence who performs the duties of sergeant of 
 
 the guard? (1647) 
 
 What is done when the corporal whose relief is on post is called away? 
 
 (1648) 
 
 For what police work is the sergeant of the guard responsible? (1649) 
 
 What does he do at "first sergeant's call"? (1650) 
 
 What is done when the colors are taken from the stacks of the color 
 
 line to the colonel 's quarters? (1651) 
 
 Of what occurrence will he make report to the commander of the guard? 
 
 (1652) 
 
 What does he do with arrested persons'? (1652) 
 
 What is the formation of the guard when it is turned out? (1653) 
 
 If not in command of the guard what does he do in the formation of the 
 
 guard? (1654) 
 
 What report does he make at this formation? (1655) 
 
 At night how may the roll be called? (1656) 
 
 When is the roll call dispensed with and what is done in such cases? 
 
 (1657) 
 
 When is the roll called, if the guard be turned out for an officer entitled 
 
 to inspect it 1 ? (1657) 
 
 What are his duties with respect to the security of prisoners? (1658) 
 What are his duties with respect to guardroom and cell keys? (1659) 
 What are his duties with respect to tableware given to prisoners with 
 
 their meals? (1660) 
 
 How are the prisoners paraded with the guard? (1661) 
 
 By what commands are the prisoners returned to the guardroom and 
 
 cells? (1662) 
 
 To close the guard, what commands are given and by whom? (1663) 
 By what other method may the interval for prisoners be formed? (1664) 
 In case sentinels are numerous how may reliefs be posted? (1665) 
 
 Corporal of the Guard 
 
 Whose orders does the corporal of the guard obey? (1666) 
 What are his duties with respect to the sentinels and members of his re- 
 lief? (1667) 
 
 How does he assign members of his relief to posts? (1668) 
 On what posts are experienced soldiers placed? (1668) 
 What list does he prepare and what does he do with it? (1669) 
 How does he form his relief? (1670) 
 
 How does he place his relief in march and where are the posts of the 
 corporals of the old and new guard while on the march? (1670) 
 What is done when the relief approaches a sentinel? (1671) 
 What do the corporals then do? (1672) 
 
 Illustrate by a diagram the posts of corporals, sentinels and the relief. 
 (1672) 
 
 After the old sentinel has correctly transmitted his instructions, what is 
 done? (1673) 
 
 How are mounted sentinels posted and relieved? (1674) 
 What is done upon the return of the old relief to the post of the guard? 
 (1675) 
 
 How is a relief posted^ other than that which is posted when the old 
 guard is relieved? (1676) 
 
84 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 What does the corporal do when directed by the .commander of the guard! 
 to post his relief? (1677) 
 
 How is the old relief dismissed? (1678) 
 
 What is done should the pieces have been loaded before the relief was' 
 posted? (1679) 
 
 What are the corporal 's duties with respect to the special orders of senti-' 
 nels on his relief? (1680) 
 
 What member of the guard should be constantly on the alert at the! 
 guardhouse and what should he do? (1681) 
 
 What is done when it becomes necessary for the corporal to leave hid 
 post near the guardhouse entrance? (1682) 
 
 What are the corporal's duties with respect to persons entering the! 
 guardhouse or crossing the post of the sentinel there posted? (1683) 
 
 What does he do when a sentinel calls for the corporal of the guard fj 
 (1684) 
 
 Of what occurrences does he make immediate report to the commanded 
 of the guard? (1685) 
 
 What does he do should a sentinel call "The Guard "? 
 
 What does he do should a sentinel call "Relief "? (1687) 
 
 To whom does he give the countersign? (1688) 
 
 When will he wake the corporal whose relief is next on post? (1689) 1 
 
 What does he do when the guard is turned out? (1690) 
 
 How are tents or bunks assigned to members of the guard? (1691) j 
 
 What does he do when challenged by a sentinel while posting his relief f& 
 (1692) 
 
 What are his duties with respect to challenging, when marching a patrol' 
 or a relief between retreat and reveille? (1693) 
 
 What does he do when ordered to turn out the guard, between retreats 
 and reveille, by an off ice<, Entitled to inspect it? (1694) 
 
 How does he advance parties approaching the guard at night? (1695)1 
 
 When officers of different rank approach the guardhouse from different 
 directions at the same time, who will be first advanced? (1696) 
 
 Out of ranks and under arms whom does the corporal salute? (1697) i 
 
 What does he do with parties detained by sentinels? (1698) 
 
 Whom should he arrest and what should he do with parties arrest edfc 
 (1699) 
 
 Musicians of the Guard 
 
 What calls will the musician of the guard sound? (1700) 
 What does the field music of the guard do when the guard is turned out 
 for the national or regimental colors or standards, uncased? (1701) 
 
 Orderlies and Color Sentinels 
 
 How many and by whom are orderlies and color sentinels selected! 
 (1702) 
 
 For these positions which soldiers should be chosen? (1702) 
 
 What does an orderly do when directed to fall out and report? (1703) 
 
 Should the selected orderly be a cavalryman what does he do? (1704) 
 
 To whose orders are orderlies subject? (1705) 
 
 How should an orderly deliver a message? (1706) 
 
 When does an orderly's tour of duty end? (1707) 
 
 Are orderlies members of the guard? (1708) 
 
 Should their names be entered on the guard report? (1708) 
 
 How many sentinels are placed on the color line? (1709) 
 
 When only are sentinels posted on the color line? (1710) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 85 
 
 After stacks are broken what may color sentinels be permitted to do? 
 (1711) 
 
 What report must they make to the commander of the guard? (1711) 
 
 Should color sentinels be placed on regular reliefs and should their posts 
 be numbered? (1712) 
 
 What should a color sentinel call, in calling for the corporal of the 
 guard? (1712) 
 
 Who, in the military service, are required to salute the colors and when 
 is the salute made? (1713) 
 
 What orders does a sentinel placed over the colors enforce? (1714) 
 
 Privates of the Guard 
 
 Who assigns privates to reliefs and to posts? (1715) 
 May they change from one relief or post to another during their tour? 
 (1715) 
 
 Orders for Sentinels 
 
 Orders for sentinels are divided into what classes? (1716) 
 What general orders are sentinels required to memorize? (1717) 
 Respect for sentinels and members of the guard on duty must be ob- 
 served by whom? (1718) 
 
 What occurrences should a sentinel report to the corporal of the guard? 
 (1719) 
 
 What persons should a sentinel arrest and what should he do with those 
 arrested? (1720) 
 
 What will invariably constitute part of the special orders of a sentinel 
 on post? (1721) 
 
 How should the limits of a sentinel's post be defined? (1721) 
 In what manner should a sentinel walk his post? (1722) 
 When are sentry boxes used? (1723) 
 
 In very hot weather what privileges may be granted to sentinels by the 
 officer of the day or the officer of the guard? (1724) 
 
 What may a mounted sentinel do occasionally to rest himself and his 
 horse? (1725) 
 
 When should a sentinel report a violation of orders and what should be 
 done with the offender? (1726) 
 
 For other purposes than fire, relief or disorder, how should a sentinel 
 call the corporal or the guard? (1727) 
 
 Should a sentinel ever call " Never mind the corporal "? (1727) 
 How does a sentinel call for relief for sickness or other cause? (1728) 
 What does a sentinel do when he is to be relieved? (1729) 
 To whose orders is a sentinel on post subject? (1730) 
 What officers may investigate apparent violations of orders by mem- 
 bers of the guard? (1730) 
 
 When only will a sentinel quit his piece? (1731) 
 
 Should authorized persons ever require a sentinel to quit his piece? 
 (1731) 
 
 To whom may a sentinel divulge the countersign? (1732) 
 When only will privates of the guard use the countersign? (1732) 
 When calling for any purpose, challenging, or holding communication 
 with a person, what position will a dismounted sentinel take if armed with a 
 rifle or saber? (1733) 
 
 When challenging or holding communication what position will a dis- 
 mounted sentinel take at night if armed with a pistol? (1733) 
 
86 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 When challenging or holding communication in daytime what position 
 will a mounted sentinel take? (1733) 
 
 What position will he take at night? (1733) 
 
 What does a sentinel do in case of fire? (1734) 
 
 In case of disorder? (1734) 
 
 When should a member of the guard salute all officers who pass him? 
 (1735) 
 
 How should a dismounted sentinel salute? (1736) (1737) 
 
 How should a mounted sentinel salute? (1736) 
 
 What is the saluting distance assumed to be? (1737) 
 
 At what distance is the actual salute rendered? (1738) 
 
 How does a sentinel in a sentry box salute? (1739) 
 
 How does a mounted sentinel on a regular post salute? (1740) 
 
 How does a mounted sentinel doing patrol duty salute? (1740) 
 
 Who are entitled to salutes from sentinels? (1741) 
 
 What salutes does a sentinel render when an officer comes on his post 
 and holds conversation with him? (1742) 
 
 During the hours for challenging when is the first salute given? (1742) 
 
 Which sentinels do not salute after challenging? (1742) 
 
 What do these sentinels do while an officer is passing? (1742) 
 
 What does a sentinel do upon the approach of an armed party of the 
 guard? (1743) 
 
 Is an officer entitled to the compliments if not in uniform? (1743) 
 
 Should a sentinel interrupt a conversation with an officer to salute? 
 (1744) 
 
 What does a sentinel do when the flag is being lowered at retreat? (1745) 
 
 During challenging hours what should a sentinel do upon the approach of 
 parties on or near his post? (1746) 
 
 How will a sentinel challenge mounted parties? (1747) 
 
 Having challenged, in what manner will a sentinel advance the members 
 of a party? (1748) 
 
 Should a sentinel have doubt as to the identity of parties challenged, 
 what should he do? (1749) 
 
 If the party challenged has not the countersign r gives an incorrect one 
 what does the sentinel do? (1749) 
 
 To receive the countersign or to recognize a party how close should they 
 be allowed to approach? (1750) 
 
 When two or more persons approach in one party and have indicated that 
 one in the party has the countersign, how does the sentinel advance the 
 party? (1751) 
 
 How is a person alone, having the countersign, advanced by a sentinel? 
 (1753) 
 
 Should two or more persons approach a sentinel's post from different 
 directions at the same time, what should he do? (1753) 
 
 Should a sentinel challenge and advance other parties when he is in com- 
 munication with a person at the time? (1754) 
 
 What order of rank governs a sentinel in advancing persons or parties 
 approaching his post? (1755) 
 
 How many parties may a sentinel allow to advance upon him at a time? 
 (1756) 
 
 If the countersign be not used how are the rules for advancing parties 
 modified? (1757) 
 
 Are misleading answers to a sentinel's challenge permissible? (1758) 
 
 What answers may officers, patrols, etc., make when it is desired that 
 their official capacity should not be announced? (1758) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 87 
 
 Special Orders for Sentinels at the Post of the Guard 
 
 What special orders are sentinels at the post of the guard required to 
 memorize? (1759) 
 
 After a sentinel at the post of the guard receives an answer to his chal- 
 lenge what does he do? (1760) 
 
 After challenging and calling the corporal when does he resume walking 
 his post? (1761) 
 
 What information should he have of persons in the camp who are en- 
 titled to the compliment? (1762) 
 
 Give examples of how he will turn out the guard upon the approach of 
 parties entitled to the compliment? (1763) 
 
 When should he call " Never mind the guard"? (1764) 
 
 On the approach. of an armed party, and after having called "Turn out 
 the guard/' should he ever call "Never mind the guard 7 '? (1765) 
 
 Should the guard be already formed, need he call "Turn out the 
 guard"? (1766) 
 
 Should the guard be turned out for a person junior to the one at the post 
 of the guard or approaching it? (1766) 
 
 Of what will a sentinel at the post of the guard warn its commander? 
 (1767) 
 
 What should he do in case of fire or disorder in sight or hearing t (1768) 
 
 Countersigns and Paroles 
 
 What is a countersign and to whom is it given? (1770) 
 What is a parole and to whom is it imparted? (1771) 
 In what form are the countersign and parole sent to those entitled to 
 them? (1771) 
 
 How does the commander of the guard demand the parole? (1772) 
 Why are the countersign and parole rarely used for outpost duty? 
 (1773) 
 
 What should be the chief reliance on outpost duty? (1773) 
 Should a sentinel of the guard pass persons whose sole means of identi- 
 fication is the countersign and whose authority to pass is in doubt? (1773) 
 What should be done in such a case? (1773) 
 What names are used for the countersign and the parole? (1774) 
 When it is impracticable to send out countersigns and paroles daily what 
 is sometimes done? (1775) 
 
 Should the countersign be lost or a member of the guard desert with it, 
 what is done? (1776) 
 
 In addition to the countersign what signals may be used by guards? 
 (1777) 
 
 When and by whom are such signals used and for what purpose? (1777) 
 
 Guard Patrols 
 
 What is a guard patrol? (1778) 
 
 What is done should a patrol be required to go beyond the chain of sen- 
 tinels? (1779) 
 
 What is done should a patrol be challenged by a sentinel? (1780) 
 
 Watchmen 
 
 By what authority may watchmen or overseers over prisoners be detailed 
 and what duties do they perform? (1781) 
 
 Compliments from Guards 
 
 What does the compliment from a guard consist of? (1782) 
 
 Are compliments paid between retreat and reveille? (1782) 
 
88 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 For what purpose may a guard be turned out between retreat and re- 
 veille? (1783) 
 
 Between reveille and retreat what persons are entitled to the compli- 
 ment? (1784) 
 
 What is the relative rank between officers of the Army and Navy? 
 (1785) 
 
 What information is furnished sentinels at the post of the guard con- 
 cerning persons entitled to the compliment? (1786) 
 
 When is the guard turned out for the uncased colors? t (1787) 
 
 What is done when the remains of a deceased officer or "soldier are car- 
 ried past the post of the guard? (1788) 
 
 What is done, in time of war, when armed parties approach the post of 
 the guard? (1789) 
 
 What information is furnished the commander of the guard concern- 
 ing persons entitled to the compliment? (1790) 
 
 Whom will members of the guard salute? (1790) 
 
 General Rules Concerning Guard Duty 
 
 What is the punishment for the offense of a sentinel found drunk on 
 post, or sleeping on post in time of war? (1791) 
 
 In time of peace? (1791) 
 
 Should an officer having authority, give material instructions to a mem- 
 ber of the guard, what should he also do? (1792) 
 
 What will members of the guard do should the guard be formed? (1793) 
 
 What do members of the guard do when the guard or their relief is dis- 
 missed? (1794) 
 
 May members of the guard leave the immediate vicinity of the guard- 
 house? (1795) 
 
 May members of the guard remove their accoutrements or clothing? 
 (1796) 
 
 Guarding Prisoners 
 
 When has the sentinel at the post of the guard charge of the prisoners? 
 
 (1797) 
 
 What are his special orders regarding prisoners? (1797) 
 When prisoners are brought to his post returning from work or else- 
 where what should he do? (1797) 
 
 When should he allow prisoners to pass into the guardhouse? (1797) 
 Who may be detailed to guard those prisoners who cannot be placed 
 
 under overseers? (1798) 
 
 Who commands the prisoner guard and overseers? (1799) 
 
 Who is sergeant of the prisoner guard and overseers and from whom 
 
 does he take orders? (1800) 
 
 By whom and how are prisoner guards mounted and inspected? (1801) 
 Who are responsible for prisoners after they have been turned over to 
 
 the prisoner guard or overseers? (1802) 
 
 What should a sentinel do if a prisoner attempts to escape? (1803) 
 What should a sentinel of the prisoner guard or an overseer in charge 
 
 of prisoners do on approaching the post of the sentinel at the guardhouse? 
 
 (1804) 
 
 What specific instructions are given members of the prisoner guard and 
 
 overseers and for what are they held responsible? (1805) 
 
 Stable Guards 
 
 What guards are included under the head of stable guards? (1806) 
 When troop stable guards are mounted what do they guard? (1807) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 89 
 
 Who guards the stables when no stable guards are mounted? (1807) 
 When stables are guarded by the main guard what instructions are ob- 
 served? (1807) 
 
 Troop Stable Guards 
 
 When are troop stable guards used? (1808) 
 
 Where are troop stable guards posted? (1809) 
 
 What do they consist of and under whose control are they? (1809) 
 
 For what purpose are they mounted and what special regulations do they 
 
 enforce? (1809) 
 
 Where are the sentinels of stable guards posted? (1810) 
 
 For what purpose may the troop stable guard be used in daytime? (1810) 
 
 How is the troop stable guard mounted and armed? (1811) 
 
 What is the length of tour of this guard? (1812) 
 
 May this guard be employed for police and fatigue? (1813) 
 
 Does this guard attend stables with its troop? (1813) 
 
 May members of this guard absent themselves from the vicinity of the 
 
 stables? (1814) 
 
 How does this guard arrange for meals? (1815) 
 How are herd guards furnished? (1816) 
 What is prohibited in stables? (1817) 
 
 Noncommissioned Officer of the Troop Stable Guard 
 
 What are the duties of the noncommissioned officer of the troop stable 
 guard? (1818) 
 
 What are his duties with regard to horses returned to the stable except 
 from a regular formation? (1819) 
 
 What report does he make in case of the abuse of a horse? (1819) 
 
 What occurrences does he report and to whom? (1820) 
 
 Who only can authorize the taking of horses or other property under his 
 charge from the stable? (1821) 
 
 What calls must he answer promptly? (1822) 
 
 What does he do in case of fire? (1823) (1831) 
 
 What does he do when it becomes necessary for him to leave the guard- 
 house? (1824.) 
 
 Sentinels of the Troop Stable Guard 
 
 Sentinels of the troop stable guard are governed by what regulations? 
 (1825) 
 
 From whom will he receive orders? (1826) 
 
 What verification of horses does he make when directed by the com- 
 manding officer? (1827) 
 
 May he permit horses or equipments to be removed from the stable? 
 (1828) 
 
 What should he do if a horse gets loose? (1829) 
 
 What should he do if a horse be cast or entangled? (1829) 
 
 What should he do if a horse is taken sick? (1830) 
 
 What should he do in case of fire? (1831) 
 
 What orders does the stable sergeant give to sentinels over horses or in 
 charge of prisoners? (1832) 
 
 In field artillery and machine gun organizations what has the stable 
 guard charge of? (1833) 
 
 The Flag 
 
 How is the lowering of the flag regulated? 
 
 What detail is made to raise and lower the flag and how are they armed 
 and equipped? (1835) 
 
90 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TEAINING 
 
 How does this detail raise the flag? (1835) 
 How does this detail lower the flag? (1836) 
 
 Reveille and Retreat Gun 
 
 Who fires the morning and evening gun? (1837) 
 When is the morning gun fired? (1837) 
 When is the evening gun fired? (1837) 
 
 Guard Mounting 
 
 How may guard mounting be held? (1838) 
 When may guard mounting be held mounted? (1838) 
 How do details form when infantry and mounted troops are united for 
 guard mounting? (1839) 
 
 Formal Guard Mounting for Infantry 
 
 Ordinarily where only will formal guard mounting be held? (1840) 
 What is done at the assembly for guard mounting? (1841) 
 What is done at adjutant's call? (1842) 
 
 When the last detail has formed what does the sergeant major do? 
 (1843) 
 
 When and where do the officers of the guard take post? (1843) 
 When the officer of the guard has taken post what does the adjutant do? 
 (1843) 
 
 What orderlies and sentinels are selected and by whom? (1844) 
 Should there be a junior officer of the guard where does he take post? 
 (1844) 
 
 If there be no officer of the guard who inspects the guard? (1844) 
 Where does a noncommissioned officer commanding a guard take post 
 when the guard is in line and where does he take post when the guard is in 
 column or passing in review? (1844) 
 
 When the inspection is ended what does the adjutant do? (1845) 
 What does the band do when it has passed the officer of the day? (1845) 
 What does the field music do when the band turns out of column? (1845) 
 While the band is sounding off and while the guard is marching in re- 
 view what do the officers of the day do? (1845) 
 
 Who returns the salute of the commander of the guard and of the adju- 
 tant? (1845) 
 
 Should the guard be not divided into platoons what commands are given 
 by the adjutant to pass the guard in review? (1846) 
 
 Informal Guard Mounting for Infantry 
 
 Where"is~ informal guard mounting held? (1847) 
 
 What is done at the assembly for informal guard mounting? (1848) 
 
 What is done at adjutant's call for informal guard mounting? (1849) 
 
 Relieving the Old Guard 
 
 What is done by the old and new guards during the march of the new 
 guard to its post? (1850) 
 
 After the new guard has formed line and is dressed what do the com- 
 manders of each guard do? (1851) 
 
 Where do the noncommissioned officers in command of the old and the 
 new guards stand? (1851) 
 
 After the new guard has saluted the old guard what is done? (1852) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 91 
 
 When both guards are at the guardhouse and should other persons en- 
 titled to a salute approach, what is done? (1853) 
 
 After the salutes have been acknowledged by the officers of the day, 
 what is done by the commander of the old guard? (1854) 
 
 By the commander of the new guard? (1854) 
 
 When are the sentinels and detachments of the old guard relieved? 
 (1855) 
 
 What does the commander of the old guard transmit to the commander 
 of the new guard? (1855) 
 
 What may be done if a considerable time is required to relieve the guard 
 still on post? (1856) 
 
 When may the field music be dispensed with? (1857) 
 
92 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 
 
 PART VIII 
 MILITARY ORGANIZATION 
 
 Composition of Infantry Units 
 
 How many battalions in a regiment of infantry? (1858) 
 How many companies in each battalion? (1858) 
 What is the composition of each company? (1858) 
 What is the composition of: 
 The headquarters company? 
 The supply company? 
 The machine gun company? (1858) 
 
 How many surgeons are attached to a regiment and what are their 
 grades? (1858) 
 
 How many captains are there in a regiment and what positions do they 
 fill? (1858) 
 
 How many first lieutenants in a regiment and what positions do they 
 fill? (1858) 
 
 Composition of Cavalry Units 
 
 How many squadrons in a regiment of cavalry? (1858) 
 How many troops in each squadron? (1858) 
 What is the composition of each troop? (1858) 
 What is the composition of: 
 The headquarters troop ? 
 The supply troop? 
 The machine gun troop? (1858) 
 
 How many surgeons are attached to a regiment and what are their 
 grades? (1858)' 
 
 How many captains are there in a regiment and what positions do they 
 fill? (1858) 
 
 How many first and second lieutenants in a regiment and what positions 
 do they fill? (1858) 
 
 Composition of Field Artillery Units 
 
 How many gun and howitzer battalions in a regiment of field artillery? 
 (1858) 
 
 How many batteries in a mountain artillery battalion, and light artillery 
 gun or howitzer battalion serving with the field artillery or infantry divi- 
 sions; in horse artillery battalions and heavy field artillery gun or howitzer 
 battalions? (1858) 
 
 What is the composition of each battery? (1858) 
 
 What is the composition of: 
 The headquarters company? 
 The supply company? (1858) 
 
 How many surgeons are attached to a regiment and what are their 
 grades? (1858) 
 
 How many captains are there in a regiment and what positions do they 
 fill? (1858) 
 
 How many first and second lieutenants are there in a regiment and what 
 positions do they fill? (1858) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 93 
 
 PART IX 
 MAP READING AND MILITARY SKETCHING 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 MAP READING 
 
 What is a map? (1859) 
 
 What is a military map and what features should it show? (1859) 
 
 State what is meant by map reading. (1860) 
 
 What is the right way to learn military reading? (1860) 
 
 What is meant by and why must a map be drawn to scale? (1861) 
 
 The scale of the map is the ratio between what distances? (1861) 
 
 Give the different methods of representing scales with examples of each. 
 (1862) 
 
 Explain the solution, being given the R. F. on a map, to find how many 
 miles 011 the ground are represented by one inch on the map. (1863) 
 
 Being given the R. F. construct a graphical scale to read yards. (1863) 
 
 How can you construct a scale for a map with no scale? (1863) 
 
 How can you construct a graphical scale from a scale expressed in un- 
 familiar units? (1863) 
 
 Solve the following problems in scales : 
 
 No. 1; The R. F. of a map 1/1000. Required: 1. The distance in miles 
 shown by one inch on the map; 2. To construct a graphical scale of yards; 
 also one to read miles. (1864) 
 
 No. 2; A map has a graphical scale on which 1.5 inches reads 500 strides. 
 1. What is the R. F. of the map? 2. How many miles are represented by 
 one inch? (1864) 
 
 No. 3 ; The Leavenworth map in back of this book has a graphical scale 
 and a measured distance of 1.25 inches reads 1100 yards. Required: 1. The 
 R. F. of the map? 2. Number of miles shown by 1 inch on the map? 
 (1864) 
 
 No. 4; Construct a scale to read yards for a map of R. F. 1/21120. 
 
 2. How many inches represent one mile? (1864) 
 
 Explain the different methods of scaling distances from a map? (1865) 
 
 How are the correct representations of depressions and elevations of the 
 ground usually shown? (1866) 
 
 Explain how the word contour is used in connection with maps. (1856) 
 
 What is it important to remember concerning the imaginary horizontal 
 planes cutting the surface of the ground? (1866) 
 
 What is the contour interval? (1866) 
 
 Draw a figure showing what is meant by contours and contour lines. 
 (1866) 
 
 Why are contours numbered and what height is shown? (1866) 
 
 How many contours are numbered? (1866) 
 
 What level is the datum plane generally used in maps? (1866) 
 
 Show by a drawing the contours of the following: 
 
 A cone; a half sphere; a concave cone. (1866) 
 
 What additional points about contours should be remembered in connec- 
 tion with the following: A water shed or spur; a water course or valley; 
 contours of different heights which unite and become a single line; two con- 
 tours which cross each other; a closed contour without another contour rep- 
 jenting a hill or a depression? (1866) 
 
94 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TEAINING 
 
 How can you readily locate all the valleys, the ridges and hills? (1866) 
 What is the map distance or horizontal equivalent and to what is it in- 
 
 versely proportional? (1867) 
 
 How many inches horizontally on a one degree slope give a vertical rise 
 
 ot one loot? (1867) 
 
 (1867^ ^ the rUlC f r constructin g a scale of ma P distances for a mapf 
 
 determine by means of a scale of ma P 
 
 Name the different ways in which slopes are usually given. (1868) 
 What is meant by the following: A one degree slope: a 1, 2, 3 etc per 
 
 cent slope; a one on one (%) slope; two on three (%) etc., slope? (1868) 
 To what do the numerator and denominator usually refer in 'the U 
 
 etc., slopes? (1868) 
 
 Where are the following usually used: Degrees of slope; percentages; 
 gradients? (1868) 
 
 What degrees of slope are accessible, inaccessible, or difficult for the fol- 
 ttSffln nCheS f the service: Infantry; cavalry; artillery; and wagons? 
 
 the normal S 7 stem f scales prescribed for U. S. Army field sketches. 
 To what does any given length of M. D. correspond in this system? 
 
 What is the true meridian; the magnetic meridian, and how is each 
 shown on a map? (1870) 
 
 What is the magnetic pole and what effect does it have on all compass 
 needles? (1870) 
 
 What is meant by the Magnetic Declination and how does it vary at dif- 
 ferent points on the earth? (1870) 
 
 Why is it important to know this relation? (1870) 
 
 Describe the usual type of box compass and explain how to read the 
 magnetic angle (called magnetic azimuth). (1870) 
 
 What must be known about a given point on a map in order to fully 
 determine its position? (1871) 
 
 What enables us to determine the (1) distance, (2) the height, and (3) I 
 the direction? (1871) 
 
 What is necessary in order that the directions on the map and on the i 
 ground shall correspond? (1872) 
 
 Explain the different methods of orienting a map. (1872) 
 
 In what different ways may the true meridian be found? (1873) 
 
 By what means are roads, woods, streams and other features of the coun- 
 try represented on a map? (1874) 
 
 Draw the conventional signs for the following: Improved road; unim- 
 proved road; railroad; electric road; telegraph line; bridges; stream (indi- 
 cating depth and direction of flow); marsh; cemetery; cultivated land; 
 trail; different kinds of fences; camp; wire entanglement; trench; fill; 
 cut. (1874) 
 
 Instead of using the regulation conventional signs, what is often done 
 in hasty sketching? (1874) 
 
 What do you understand by "visibility," and on what is the problem of 
 visibility based? (1875) 
 
 What is it necessary for one thoroughly to understand in the solution of ] 
 visibility problems? (1875) 
 
 Explain fully what you understand by a profile and explain how a pro- 
 file is constructed. (1875) 
 
QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING 95 
 
 CHAPTER II 
 MILITARY SKETCHING 
 
 What is a military sketch* (1878) 
 
 What kinds of military sketches are there? (1878) 
 
 What are all kinds of military sketches intended to give a military com- 
 mander? (1878) 
 
 Name the general methods of sketching. (1878) 
 
 Describe the method of locating points by: 
 Intersection. (1879) 
 Resection. (1880) 
 Traversing. (1881) 
 
 Describe the determination of the heights of hills, shapes of ground, etc., 
 by contours. (1882) 
 
 What is a datum plane? (1883) 
 
 How are contours numbered from this plane? (1883) 
 
 In a particular locality that is to be sketched what points may generally 
 be found showing the correct elevation? (1883) 
 
 How can the proper elevations above sea level for contours be found by 
 using such points? (1883) 
 
 What will have to be assumed in case no point of known elevation is at 
 hand? (1883) 
 
 In contouring an area what should always form the frame work or skele- 
 ton on which the contours are hung? (1883) 
 
 Before contours are sketched in, what must be accurately determined? 
 (1883) 
 
 What must the sketcher determine if he desires to omit determining the 
 slopes of the stream lines? (1883) 
 
 What should he always remember when drawing in the contours? (1883) 
 
 If time permits, what should be done to secure the greater accuracy? 
 (1883) 
 
 What are form lines and when are they used? (1884) 
 
 How are the elevations and forms of the hills and depressions deter- 
 mined? (1884) 
 
 What is the uniform system of scales and contour intervals prescribed 
 in the Army Regulations? (1885) 
 
 Why is this uniform system a great help in sketching? (1885) 
 
 What is a working scale and for what units may it be made? (1886) 
 
 What is the length of a man's pace at a natural walk? (1887) 
 
 What must each man determine and how is it done? (1887) 
 
 When you know your length of pace how can the distance to any point 
 be determined? (1887) 
 
 What causes one's pace to vary? (1887) 
 
 How nearly correct distances will careful pacing give on level ground? 
 (1887) 
 
 How does one's pace change when a person gets tired? (1887) 
 
 How can this variation be overcome? (1887) 
 
 What results will shortening of the pace due to fatigue or going over a 
 slope produce? (1887) 
 
 When is this apparent? (1887) 
 
 What allowance must be made when pacing slopes? (1887) 
 
 How do you count paces and strides? (1887) 
 
 Which scale has been found far more satisfactory in practice? (1887) 
 
 What methods may be used in making a working scale? (1888) 
 
96 QUESTIONS ON MANUAL OF MILITAEY TEAINING 
 
 What instruments are used in position sketching? (1889) 
 
 Describe the methods to be used. (1889) 
 
 How does the making of an outpost sketch differ from a position sketch fl 
 (1890) 
 
 What is it often possible to do in an outpost sketch? (1890) 
 
 How may secondary base lines be taken? (1890) 
 
 How are details sketched in? (1890) 
 
 What instruments are used in road sketching? (1891) 
 
 Describe the methods to be used. (1891) 
 
 What is combined sketching and what method will insure that the whole 
 work will tie up? (1892) 
 
 Describe a second method for combined sketching. (1892) 
 
 Where is this method useful? (1892) 
 
 What additional article of the sketcher's equipment proves most valu- 
 able, and why? (1892) 
 
 What kind of paper should be used for sketching? (1892) 
 
 How is the sketch protected from the rain? (1892) 
 
 What points should a beginner remember? (1893) 
 
 Above all things what should you never do in making a map? (1893] 
 
 What happens if a man has to use a map that is faked? (1893) 
 
 - 
 
Photomount 
 
 Pamphlet 
 
 Binder 
 
 Gaytord Bros., Inc. 
 
 Makers 
 Stockton, Calif. 
 
 PAT. JAN. 21. 1908 
 
 933515 
 
 Ol\3 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY