NOTES ON SIR W. NAPIER'S ADMINISTRATION OF SINDE. By MAJOR JOHN JACOB. D54 ; MENfiY MORSE STEPHENS NOTES, ETC. Page 1. " Shere Mahomed called the lion." Shere Mahomed is as common a name as John Smith, although " Shere " does also mean a lion as Smith a worker in iron. How childish are these nicknames ! they also cause confusion. Page 1. " The Scindian proper." The Sindee cultivators were certainly at least as well off under the rule of the Ameers as under the British : they were no more oppressed by the one than they are by the other power ; the same amount of revenue is col- lected from the cultivator in both cases ; his condition is scarcely affected by the change of masters, and he was nearly indifferent to the result of the war. Page 2. " For Sobdar excepted, &c." The Ameers did not wish to fight at all, and Sobdar was openly and stedfastly friendly to the British : knowing their irresistible power, and that, as Sir C. B 2 Napier himself had written, a pretext only was wanted to coerce them, he at once surrendered his fortress, from which he had not even removed his family or his treasure. Page 2. " Great was the lion's intrepidity, &c." The example of Meer Roostum prevented the pos- sibility of Shere Mahomed's submission, no course re- mained to him but resistance, hopeless though it might be. The English general did his utmost to goad the old man into taking up arms or making some show of hostility, but he could not induce Meer Roostum to oppose to his violence anything but prayers and sub- mission. Whereupon the old Ameer was turned out a house- less wanderer and then imprisoned. He died in prison. His wife, children, and relatives, were left literally to starve. Ali Morad seized on their private estates. This Ameer was, it seems from the text, ordered to turn them out of the country. Page 3. "They were moved to fight by religious hatred." This is totally untrue witness their friendly conduct in the hour of our weakness, the Cabool disasters. The Beloochees were moved to fight solely by the ter- rible injustice inflicted on the venerable Meer of Khyrpoor. Page 5. " To the genius of some Governors-General, ;P 112 They let Simpson advance over a road full of passes. They let me advance because they could not oppose me till I got to Jekranee : at this pass they could, but did not, because they thought I should be confident in my force to march through to join Simpson. There they intended the old game of barbarians " in every age and clime !" The passes in our rear would be occupied in force, and we might whistle for our provisions !" " Oh, whistle and I'll come to you, my love !" is a good song, but in this case would not bring our supper ! I have been, from the first, pretty sure what game they would play, and so when I entered the val- ley between these two passes of Jummuck and Lallee, instead of passing I pitched my camp, seiz- ing both passes. Jummuck is nothing. I could force it easily if I abandoned it, and wanted to come back. But Lallee is a different affair, so I am fortifying it, and mean to hold firm. This secures my communication with the plains and the cavalry, and also ihe secure passage of our supplies. The danger of mountain warfare lies in over- confidence and want of caution in the assailant, who, being the strongest, is fearless till imprudence makes him weakest, and he becomes a victim. I am, therefore, very cautious, going step by step, and will leave no pass in my rear unoccupied. I made an inroad back to Jange the day before yesterday, under John Kapier, and he caught 2,000 head of cattle. I mean to make some more of these little underplots ; but my great game is to LALLEE. ZDRRANEE. 113 close in steadily with a safe rear, till they must fly the country or fight. I have received orders from Mooltan, forbidding them leave to enter that territory. All Morad is up with his rabble, but I want to shove him a-head. I have ordered the 7th cavalry up to Khan- ghur. The whole of the Bundlecund legion are to occupy Shahpoor, Ooch, Sooreekooshta. The troops of Ali will occupy Gundooee, Lallee Pass, and Zurranee, by 200 infantry of our own troops. The 6th Cavalry I shall keep partly at the pass, and push the rest over to Simpson, to sweep all the plain about Deyrah. When all is ready, I shall again move more to the east, say twenty miles, running moveable columns through the hills to catch cattle, and kill, or catch men as they can. I much want the Murrees' assistance in this warfare. You think I undervalue Beejah Khan. Perhaps you are right ; but how can I catch him ? I will offer 5,000 rupees, and try what they will do : make this known. I do not think barbarians will sell each other. It is not their vice generally, but they will do it sometimes. However, one cannot make war dependent on the chance of getting any one man ; it must be founded on a more solid basis Now I shall be delighted to catch Beejah for 5,000 rupees ; but, in the mean time, I will try to starve the Boogtees, and drive them to desperation, if I can : it is difficult. I never doubted that, but I think it practicable. I think you may let Wullee and his men go home : do what you think best in this. I will give them a little cash. How many has he had, and how long have they been in the field ? Do not promise him anything, but tell me what you think fair. I told him I would give him two anas a-day for each man ac- tually in the field for the time he remained out He I began on the 15th ultimo, seventeen days ; and I think you told me he had not above 600 men. Having given you all my plans, do what you can to transfer the land to any new people ; and I suppose we must smoke the pipe of amity with Belooche Khan. What can I do to strengthen the Khan of Kelat ? It is a difficult question. Yours sincerely, . (Signed) C. J. NAPIER. P.S. The rascals got a dawk,* and in it the proof-sheets of the " War in Sinde." How provoking ! Letter from Captain Jacob to General Sir 0. J. Napier. Lehree, 3rd February, 1845. MY DEAR GENERAL, Your letter of the 24th reached me to-day. It is the first communication of any kind which has reached us from head-quarters since your letter of 21st. The Murrees will not, I am almost certain, have anything to say to us. They have certainly been affording aid to Beejah and the Boogtees. Mundoo and Durriah Khan visited Been Mohamed, and the whole business was comfortably arranged between them, as my former letters (if they have reached you) will have fully explained. Parties of Murrees have been marauding in the Seebee country, and about Mull. Many of the Doomkies, professed plunderers, are living in the Murree village of Tullee, which is a nest of thieves and marauders. I should have paid this place, Tullee, * The dawk was not lost after all, and the proof sheets reached the General in safety. a visit long ago, but did not like doing so without your express sanction. A party of seven Doomkee horsemen, all known characters, left Tullee some days ago, on a marauding expedition beyond Chachah, in the course of which they' killed two men and wounded others. I had parties all about in the hope of falling in with them ; and this morning one of these parties, about ten miles from my camp, caught sight of them in the distance, and after a long chace managed to catch one of them. The others, being better mounted, reached the hills and escaped. The man taken I handed over to the Khan's officers, and he was hanged this afternoon. These small marauding parties of five or six horsemen are in the habit of constantly frequenting the plain between Minot- tee and Chutter, and have committed several robberies near a tomb five miles from Shahpoor (Syud Hussan- keekooba), which seems a favourite resort of theirs. They have not, however, been very successful as yet ; for in every instance, I believe, my men at Poolejee have got information in time to enable them to pursue and recover the stolen property, although not to prevent the escape of the thieves. On the 1st instant, forty of my men from Poolejee, with the Khyheeree Itbar Khan, pursued a party of Jekranees from the tomb above mentioned to beyond Kulchat, and nearly to Sooree Kooshtuck, and recovered the camels, bullocks, &c , which they had carried off from some Bunniahs. This is, however, severe work for the horses. We are too few men entirely to keep the whole plains clear. The tomb I speak of is more than twenty miles from Poolejee, and not five miles from Shahpoor ; but I suppose the people at Shahpoor have enough to do eastward, otherwise, if they could guard 1ft Minottee and five or six miles to the westward, I could do the rest. Goolam Nubbee (the head of the Khyheerees) ought to have been here with the whole tribe long ago, but he has not yet made his appearance. I will send in and have them all out at once. Beejah Khan, I suppose, has managed to escape, which will frighten them probably. You will, I presume, still retain in pay the Khyheeree horsemen now in our service, and desire the Chandias and Mugzees to assist them at their need. With regard to Deyrah, I think that, even if the Murrees were inclined to occupy the Boogtee. lands, they would not care a pin about the village itself : they never attack or defend these places in their wars Whatever gunpowder may be given them, they will be likely enough to use against us on the first opportunity. They value Feringee powder highly, and would probably keep it for their most dangerous foes. Yours very sincerely, (Signed) J. JACOB. Letter from Captain Jacob to General Sir C.J. Napier. Lharee, 5th February, 184/>. MY DEAR GENERAL, Your letter of the 2nd reached me this morning, to my great joy ; for, from the nume- rous robberies of dawks beyond Ooch, I feared that none of my letters had reached you. Your insight into the mountaineers' intended style of proceeding is, no doubt, minutely accurate, and is exactly in accordance with the former doings of these very people. But I do not think the Boogtees will attempt to fight when reduced to ex- 117 treme necessity : the tribe will disperse by single fami- lies, trusting that they will be able to return to their homes when the storm shall have blown over. Wullee Mohamed, when I want him to go into the hills, has only 600 men ; at other times, 800. I think it would be fair, as they have really been put to consi- derable inconvenience and dreadfully frightened, to pay for the latter number, that is, 100 rupees a-day ; 2,000 rupees in all. I think it would be as well to let them go home at once. They are quite useless. I have requested Nusseer Khan to give me his ideas touching the quiet settlement of this part of the country, and the tribes most likely to effect our mutual object, but have not yet received his reply. Neither have I as yet heard one word from the Murrees. It appears useless to send any more letters by cossids, and I shall to-day get some one to go to Deen Mohamed, who is known to him, and who will at least return to me. I will publish the offer of a reward for Beejah. It is possible that he may, when greatly distressed, endeavour to take refuge in the Seebee country, and if he do so he will be caught, I think. Yours very sincerely, (Signed) J. JACOB. P.S. A man came to day from Kahun who was with the Cafila lately plundered by the Murrees. He says that all my cossids had arrived, and been detained by the Murree chiefs, who said that the messengers were nothing but spies, and that the offers I made to themselves were evidently intended only to entrap them. The whole of the inhabitants of Kahun were carrying off their property and leaving the town as quickly 118 as they could, and Deen Mohamed had said that my messengers should be released when the rest of his people had left the place ; many communications had passed between the Murrees and Boogtees; the latter had persuaded the former to forego mutual enmity and make common cause together, for that no sooner had the English destroyed the Boogtees than they would serve the Murrees in the same manner. I am convinced there is much truth in the above ; it agrees exactly with all that I have heard from other quarters. I have just despatched Syud Buchal Shah (a man from the Seebee country, formerly in our service, a great rascal, I believe, but a useful instrument) to go to Kohun with letters from me to the Murree chiefs, and with instructions to endeavour to persuade them to trust to us to send wukkeels to your camp, and attend to all your instructions, and I think he will succeed if any one can. This man Buchal Shah has been useful to us here in various ways; he induced the Bunniahs of this place to return and open their shops, when all my persuasion went for nothing, and we should have been badly off for food without him. He got me excellent guides to go with General Simpson. I have now advanced him 50 rupees, and told him that if he manages this business with the Murrees satisfactorily, you will reward him well, and I think he will deserve it. There is not a man amongst the Murrees who can read Persian. I have hitherto written in Scindee, in the barbarous character used by the Bunniahs. I have therefore been obliged to get a moonshee to accompany the syud to read my letters, and the one sent me by Brown to be forwarded. Yours very sincerely, (Signed) J, JACOB. 119 Letter from Captain Jacob to General Sir G. J. Napier. Lharee, 12th February, 1845. MY DEAR GENERAL, My messengers have returned from Kahun ; they found the place completely deserted, not a single soul in it, the Murrees had all gone over the mountains on the north side of Kahun, into the next valley, about twenty miles off. There my syuds found them, and had a long interview, with much swearing on the Koran, with Been Mohamed Gamun Khan, and the rest of the Murree chiefs, and finally returned to me, bringing with them Morad Buxs (nephew of old Doodah), Rahun Khan, and other men of the tribe. They declare that they were all in a dreadful state of alarm, and had been frightened by the people of Lharee and other places continually writing to them that we were coming to destroy them. They swear that they have made no truce with the Boogtees, and never thought of such a thing ; that they are ready to do anything you please, and have merely kept aloof from fear. I explained to them your inten- tion regarding them, and your orders about their sending wukkeels and guides to your camp, and told them that their deserting their town and retiring further into the hills could only be considered by you as a declaration of hostility, &c. Finally, I told Morad Buxs he had better return to Kahun as soon as possible, get all the people to settle quietly in the town again, and, without a moment's delay, get Deen Mohamed himself, or some respectable sirdar, to wait upon you and receive your orders. They will, they say, be delighted to occupy the Boogtee country, if you will give it them, and will take care that there shall be no looting ; but that they are 120 not equal to the occupation of the Poolejee and Chutter lands, and could not undertake it. I gave Morad Buxs a twenty-five-rupee loon gee, and sent him away appa- rently much more pleased than when he came. I think that they will now wait on you, but they are curious people, and it is difficult to understand what is really in their minds. If the Murrees be settled in -the Boogtee country, and Beejah be taken or killed (the last is a sine qua non), I think that the Khyheerees might, with ad- vantage, be replaced in their old lands ; they alone are the rightful owners, and would certainly be the best possible occupants for us, if they could maintain their ground here, which under the circumstances above men- tioned they would, I think, easily be able to do. I have been talking to them about it, and they seem rather pleased with the idea, but it is necessary to learn the feelings of the rest of the tribe on the subject ; they were a brave enough race, I believe, once, and would probably soon recover their confidence in themselves if they found themselves quietly replaced in their own lands. Please tell me if you approve of this. Yours, very sincerely, (Signed) J. JACOB. Letter from Captain Jacob to General Sir C. J. Napier. Lharee, 15th February, 1845. MY DEAR GENEKAL, I have received a note from Brown to-day, in which he tells me that you intended me to have used my own discretion regarding the matters contained in his letter of the 3rd to me. I wish I had known this before, for I cannot but think that my going 121 to Hajee, and attempting to seize Mohamed Khan Shawanee, will do much harm, as I before wrote to Brown. But I assure you that, according to the words of Brown's official, I had no option left me. I am, in that letter, plainly aud positively directed " to make in- quiry and report upon certain statements of Jan Mohamed," and to make prisoners, and hand over to the Khan of Kelat the two chiefs resident at Hajee. The Khan is in great tribulation about the business, aiid I certainly think myself that his wukkeel, Jan Mo- hamed, has done him very great and serious injury by representing to you that you wished the two Hajee chiefs to be imprisoned ; it will raise against him a host of powerful enemies. Please tell me what to do with Mohamed Khan's son and nephew ; the Khan will have nothing to say to them. Ali Ackber is at Bhaugh, but I do not think he is getting many camels. We have had rain here for three days past, and it rained very heavily all last night, and not only here but in the hills ; the river here, which was a dry sandy channel, half a mile broad, has now three feet of water in it, and the country about is one sheet of mud. I have, &c. &c., (Signed) J. JACOB. Letter from General Sir C. J. Napier to Captain Jacob. 16th February, 1845. MY DEAK JACOB, I have yours of the 12th. The fellows are, as you say, a set of such liars that it is almost impossible to get at truth. Our friend Ali Morad has rather a poetical turn that way ; he does it so barefacedly and coolly, that it amounts to genius in 122 his highnesses case. I like to look at him as he lies ; as the French say, he does it " en maitre -" and a London tradesman would say, " he turns a lie out of hand like a man what knows his business/' The folks here are all dying for want of liquor, and Byng wants beer * * * so much that I think the ******** Green grows thin, and looks as if he were going to be married, and that he was pledged to the lady under a forfeit, like Lord Kean, all for want of moisture. Brown in desperation rode twenty-five miles to Ali's camp, and I suspect looted Malet, for beer came back, but perhaps it came down, like the river, from the mountains. God sent manna once, I don't see why beer should not come next ! My dear staff are as good as the rascally Israelites, and just as unhappy for drink as the others for grub. However, Brown's loot will put all right. It is bad making young people unhappy ******** life has not many enjoyments; among those of sixty- three is going to bed, so good night. I will finish this to-morrow at Dooz-Kushta. 21st September. I have been too busy to finish this sooner. We got pretty close yesterday. They abandoned 150 camel- loads of baggage, and from a hill we saw them en route ; but after being in saddle twenty-two hours, we were not in trim to overtake them especially as there was a desperate pass, which, if defended, might have bothered us ; and it was near sunset when we got sight from top of a high hill. However, I will be 'after them when sun sets to-night. Do all you can to persuade the Murrees to take the Boogtee country. We are now north-east of Deyrah, and I shall be at Deyrah to-morrow. Order Ali Ackber to join us as soon as he can. He will dawdle 123 doing ambassador, I fear, for vanity is strong in his com- position. He will be useful to me in negotiating with the Murrees. Yours truly, (Signed) C. J. NAPIER. P.S. As the Khan don't want the people he induced us to seize, let then out, and tell them we did it at his request, and not of our own accord. (Signed) C. J. NAPIER. Letter from General Sir C. J. Napier to Captain Jacob. 5th March, 1845. My DEAR JACOB, I have yours of the 25th ultimo, which reached me yesterday. Our proceedings are these : I imagined the enemy to be somewhere about A, for intelligence was not to be got well. I held the line from Deyrah to Goojroo. I nearly sur- prised him at Goojroo, and tracked him in the direction A. I left the legion to guard this pass of Goojroo, and crossed the head- quarters to my left, and occupied Deyrah in force, 124 putting All Morad at Lootee. I there waited supplies, and had arranged an advance from the three points Deyrah, and Lootee, and Tomb ; for, while waiting provisions, I occupied Tomb and Koombee, and the pass. I left Partur free, in case the enemy was fool enough to bag himself in Truckkee; but thinking him too skilful, however, I stopped up the valley of Illiassee below Truckkee, at Tomb, to oppose his going west, and yet leave Truckkee open. I was to march on 1st, but on 28th our convoy, going to Tomb with provisions, was attacked near camp, three miles distant. I mounted my horse, and we pursued the enemy (about fifty ho'rse- men) into Truckkee. By this bold attack, and the road they retreated, I guessed my friends had done foolishly ; and, blocking the entrance with the cavalry, I sent off three companies of foot, and so shut the enemy up there. On returning to camp, I found the Murree chiefs had arrived. They said all the robber chiefs were in Truckkee, that Mundoo had been to the Murrees to ask them for peace, that they had refused, and that the rebels went into Truckkee. The day before I moved my camp before daybreak to Truckkee, and ordered Ali Morad (who did not go of course) to block the other entrance ; but I also sent the Bundlecund legion and camel corps, who did go, and are there. The chiefs all came to my tent yesterday. I gave them my terms : they went back and sent other terms, which did not suit my book, and I would not even hear them. Durriah Khan alone accepted, and is in my camp ; and as soon as his people are all out of this strong place, I shall proceed to business. This is our whole story up to 5th March. All you have done at Lharee appears to be 125 right. Whatever you do, I sanction. I think we can support the Khyheerees by the alliance of a weak tribe under Shere Ali, of Bashoree. I have him here : he STirrendered, and must obey orders ; but do you act as you judge best. I think the Chandias or Mugzees might help the Khyheerees to hold Poolejee. I mean to occupy Shahpoor with our troops for the next year, at all events. Yours truly, (Signed) C. J. NAPIER. Truckkee is a devil of a place, but I think I can manage it too. Letter from Majar Jacob to Colonel Shaw. Khanghur, 25 August, 1847. MY DEAR COLONEL. In my opinion, the interfering with these people at Poolejee, &c. too much, will be very injudicious. So long as these Boogtees do not come near our territory, nor annoy us in any way whatever, we only do harm by troubling ourselves about them. Why should we not allow them to buy food from the Khan's territory ? If peace, quiet, and security be our object, we ought to leave them alone. My imprisoning these Jekranee lootoos, and having completely put a stop to plundering by our own people, which was syste- matically carried on before, has done more to keep this country quiet than anything else I can think of. It is spoken of through the hills as a piece of even-handed justice, which must be more effectual in establishing the Sirkar's authority than the cutting up with the sword half of the lootoos in the country. 126 This is what I think, and others say about it almost in so many words, arid I am certain they are right. I .would never interfere with any of these people so long as they remained quiet, peaceable, and well-behaved ; but in case of the slightest misconduct, would treat them with the greatest severity. Indiscriminate persecution of whole tribes only does harm, and makes men desperate, although they per- fectly appreciate just punishment. If you and the General will leave me to go my own way to work, I will engage that everything shall go on in a satisfactory manner, and that this frontier shall be as little disturbed as any part of the world ; but I hope that reports regarding our proceedings, by the police or others, will not be attended to. Yours very sincerely, (Signed) J. JACOB. Letter from Major Jacob to Colonel Shaw. No. 144 of 1847. Khanghur 26th August, 1847. SIR, I have the honour to report that eleven Boogtee men, half armed, with some cattle, &c., who had come to visit the town of Poolejee, were, on the 25th instant, seized by Shabaz Khan Khyheeree, and sent in prisoners to Shahpoor. I request that 1 may be favoured with your intructions regarding the disposal of these men. They were of perfectly peaceable demeanour, and not within British territory, nor near it. I shall be obliged also if you will inform me whether you wish me to exert any direct authority over the 127 Khyheerees living at Poolejee, Chutter, &c., not being in British pay, nor residing within our territory ; or whether, in case of misconduct on the part of these people, I should apply to the officers of the Kelat government to punish them. Nothing else of importance has occurred within my command during the past week. I have, &c. &c. (Signed) J. JACOB, Major, Commanding S.I. Horse. To Colonel Shaw, commanding in Upper Scinde, Shikarpoor. Letter from Major Jacob to Colonel Shaw. Khanghur, 26th August, 1847. MY DEAR COLONEL, I wish, if you have no objection, that you would forward to the Governor my demi-official with the accompanying weekly reports. Sir C. Napier misled and made uneasy by nonsensical reports sent him by Aliff Khan, &c., but nothing can be more satisfactory than the state of the country at present ; and you may rely on it to be successful, it is quite as necessary " par- cere subjectis" as " debellare superb is." Yours very sincerely, (Signed) J. JACOB. Letter from General Sir C. J. Napier, in answer to Lieutenant- Colonel Shaw's letter of the 27th August, enclosing one from the officer commanding the fron- tier posts. No. 747 of 1847. 3rd September, 1847. 1st The Boogtees made prisoners on the 25th ultimo 128 by Shabaz Khan Khyheeree, eleven in number, are to be sent to Shikarpoor as prisoners of war. All Booglees are to be seized, wherever they are found, No Boogtees are to be treated in any other way than as enemies, who have insulted the British territories, and do so whenever they have an opportunity. Major Jacob must know this perfectly ; and that if their demeanour was peaceful, it was for the simple reason that they are trying to esta- blish an intimacy* with the Khyheerees ; while I remain in Scinde this shall not be, if I can prevent it. The Boogtees shall either submit, like the other robber tribes, or take the consequences of continuing hos- tilities. 2nd. Major Jacob is to exercise direct authority over the Khyheerees as far as the safety and protection of his frontier command requires the exercise of such authority. They were placed in their old territories by me, with the distinct understanding that they were to oppose the Boogtees, over whom the Khan of Kelat claims sove- reignty, as he is sovereign of the Khyheerees also ; they have no right to entertain those whom their sovereign deems rebels : they received back their territory with this agreement. I give to Major Jacob this power, under Lieutenant-Colonel Shaw, of course, but I did not give it to the officer who proceeded Major Jacob, as I did not consider that his predecessor had sufficient experience. 3rd. No application is ever to be made to a foreign chief unless through the Scinde Government, except in * All this was purely imaginary ; the Boogtees in question were poor herdsmen from the hills, who oame to sell their cattle in the plains of Cutchee, fifty miles beyond the British boundary, in the territory of the Khan of Kelat. 129 case of emergency, in which case it is immediately to be reported. (Signed) C. J. NAPIER. Lieutenant General commanding. [True copy.] (Signed) J. HARVEY, Officiating Staff Officer. No. 154 of 1847. Khanghur, 8th Septenber, 1847. SIR, I have the honour to report that, on the morning of the 5th instant, as already reported to you demi-officially, a party of Boogtees, consisting of six men, seven women, and ten children, came to Khanghur, and threw themselves before me, to beg for food ; they had come from Punnian during the night before, a distance of thirty-two miles, and appeared to be in extreme want ; one of the women is extremely old and feeble, and the children are of ages varying from three months to seven years. Famine and misery were strongly marked on every face, and I have seldom seen a more pitiable sight. When food was given them they could not wait to cook it, but devoured the flour raw by handful s. As I have already reported, I placed the poor creatures at Jana- deyra, Durya Khan having offered to take care of them until I should receive orders as to their disposal. I have also the honour to acknowledge the receipt of a minute by his Excellency the Governor on the subject of the Boogtees, which I herewith return. The Gover- nor, I fear, thinks me silly for attributing any but evil motives to these Boogtees, whose chiefs certainly deserve I 130 no mercy at the hands of the British Government ; but had his Excellency seen the persons above mentioned as they came before me, I am certain he would have thought differently. With regard to the third paragraph of H. E/s minute, I presume it is not intended to rescind the permission to correspond with the officers of H.H. the Khan of Kelat, on minor points of frontier arrangements, given to me by his Excellency, as per demi-official letter from the secretary to Government of Scinde, No. 1377, dated 19th May, 1847, which permission is calculated to save much trouble about trifles. The Boogtee prisoners shall, of course, be sent to Shikarpoor forthwith, as also any others who may come in or be captured. I have, &c. &c., (Signed) JOHN JACOB, Major, Commanding S.I. Horse. Extract from General Orders, by His Excellency Lieu- tenant-General Sir Charles Napier, G.C.B., com- manding the troops in Scinde. Head Quarters, Kurrachee, 16th Sept., 1847. No. 3. Lieutenant-Colonel Shaw has forwarded a report made by Major Jacob, of an attack made by 210 Boog- tees upon a Khyheeree village beyond the Scinde fron- tier. The villagers repulsed the Boogtees, and the hill robbers went off. Major Jacob states, that Lieutenant Merewether's conduct has been so watchful and active, that he attributes the spirit shown by the Khyheerees to have been instilled by that officer. The Lieutenant-General therefore takes the oppor- 131 tunity of expressing his satisfaction with the conduct of Lieutenant Mere whether, and also of saying he extends the praise to Major Jacob himself, whose services on the frontier have been what the Lieutenant-General ex- pected from an officer of Major Jacob's zeal and abilities. The Lieutenant-General has directed a loongee to be presented to Wullee Mohamed Khyheeree, for his bold conduct in defending his village. The Lieutenant-General directs that every assistance may be given to the Boogtees who come in and make their obedience to the English. Lieutenant-Colonel Shaw is in communicantion with the collector, to see that this order is carried into effect promptly. The Boogtee tribe have been deceived by their own folly, but all who surrender shall be treated with the same kindness that has been shown to those who saved them- selves by an early submission. (Signed) C. J. NAPIER, Lieutenant-General, Commanding the troops at Scinde. [True extract.] (Signed) EDWARD GREEN, Major, Assistant Adjutant-General. Letter from, Major Jacob to Lieutenant-Colonel Shaw. No. 195 of 1847. Khanghur, 15th October, 1847. SIR, In reply to your letter of the 14th October, 1847, to my address, calling for my opinion with regard to the propriety of withdrawing the post from Shahpore, I beg leave to state that I consider that post for the K 2 132 present, and probably for some years to come, absolutely necessary to tlie safety and quiet of the frontier, and that to withdraw it now would be an act of madness. Were we to withdraw our protection from the peaceable and well-disposed Khyheerees at present, they would very soon be driven out of their country, and would fly to Scinde ; their places would speedily be occupied by predatory tribes, as before, and we should have all our work to begin over again. The Murrees only abstain from looting the Khyhee- rees because they are known to be under our protection ; withdraw this protection, and that part of the country would soon again, as formerly, be a scene of confusion, bloodshed, and robbery, which would speedily extend to our own territory. The Boogtee tribe will not have power to do harm for many years to come, probably ; possibly they may never again have that power ; but if we relaxed our exertions and vigilance, if idleness took the place of activity, the whole country would soon be as bad as ever. All the Jekranees, Doomkees, &c., settled in our territory on the frontier, are the most inveterate marauders in the whole country, hill or plains ; and, in truth, our own people have done as much to keep this country in disorder as the hill-men. There are plenty more plunderers in the hills ; the Murrees themselves are the worst of all ; though they abstain from annoy- ing us at present, from fear of consequences, they have been looting all over Cutchee. The infantry of the post at Meerpoor should be withdrawn, but every other post should in my opinion, be maintained as it is, and every- thing go on as usual, notwithstanding the destruction of these Boogtees. It is not an occasional blow, however violent, that 133 will keep this country quiet for some years to come ; peace and quietness can only be ensured here by daily and hourly labour, and untiring watchfulness. I have the honour, &c., (Signed) J. JACOB, Major, Commanding Scinde Irregular Horse. To Colonel Shaw, commanding in Upper Scinde, Shikarpoor. Letter from Major Jacob to Lieutenant Colonel Shaw. No. 200 of 1S47. Khanghur, 28th October, 1847. SIR, I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 26th October, 1487, to my address with accompaniments, herewith returned, and in reply to state that the wells for which I have applied will, in my opinion, permanently suffice for the frontier posts, but, of course, periodical cleanings and repairs will always be requisite ; and with regard to the post at Shahpoor, where the wells are necessarily all " Cutcha," new wells must be dug occasionally, as the old ones fall in and become rilled up ; the expense of this, however trifling, being about twenty rupees only for each well. These wells last in a sound state from twelve months to two years generally at Khanghur Khyreeghurree. The pucka wells being necessarily sunk deep into the soil of the desert, it is requisite, in order to insure a due sup- ply of fresh water, to turn the Indus water into the wells during the inundation, and to keep them full as long as possible ; unless this be done the water soon becomes brackish, and sometimes fails altogether. The practice above alluded to is found successful, but of 134 course renders a more extensive clearing out and re- pairing of the wells necessary, after the subsiding of the Indus water, than would otherwise be required. All this is best done by persons residing on the spot, and the work should be executed by the officer commanding the frontier, Bills on honour as usual being passed for the necessary outlay. The same will probably be the case with the wells at Dilmorad Keghurree, but until the wells shall be sunk, and the quality and quantity of the water obtainable ascertained, I cannot speak posi- tively on this "point. At Rojaun the wells will require the usual periodical cleaning, &c. ; but the Indus water never reaches them. Hereafter should the chain of frontier posts be made to extend through Boordika to the river, two more wells may be required between Hussan-Keghurree and Kusmore, and this arrangement of having the whole frontier from the Indus to Khyree- Keghurree under one system, and under the command of one man, will, I am convinced, be found the best which can be made, and will be eventually adopted by Government. One of my regiments with one company of infantry at Shahpoor, will be sufficient to guard the whole extent from east to west. I would withdraw the infantry altogether from Meerpoor, and move the post of horse to Hussan-Keghurree so soon as there may be a sufficient supply of water at the latter place. I have the honour, &c. (Signed) J. JACOB, Major, Commanding Scinde Irregular Horse. P.S. When I mention that one of my regiments will suffice effectually to guard this frontier from east to west, I mean that the Belooche and Khyheeree horse- 135 men now attached to us as guides, &c., are to re- main so. (Signed) J. JACOB, Major, Commanding Scinde Irregular Horse. Letter from Major Jacob to Captain Browne, Secre- tary to Government of Scinde. 23rd February, 1848. SIR, I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, No. 339 of 1848, to my address with accompaniments. In compliance with instructions con- tained therein, I have to-day received political charge of this frontier from Major Goldney. With regard to our relations with the Khyheerees in Cutchee, I have the honour to forward herewith all the letters I can find in my possession relative to the subject- They perhaps only suffice to show that the settlement of the Khyheeree tribe was intrusted to me by his Excel- lency Sir C. Napier, G.C.B., Governor of Scinde ; some correspondence between me and H. H. the Khan of Kelat took place on the subject at the time, but I have no copies of it ; all regarding the matter was settled by me personally with his Excellency the Governor and the Khyheeree tribe. The latter distinctly and repeatedly asserted that they could not possibly remain in Cutchee with British protection, and on my explaining this to his Excellency, he directed me to inform them that he would protect them, at least so long as it should appear to him necessary to do so, by keeping a detachment at Shahpoor (Chutter was proposed by me, but Shahpoor 136 preferred by Sir Charles), and by retaining in British pay eighty of the Khyheeree horsemen, allowing the latter to remain in their own villages. All this I fully explained to the Khyheeree tribe, a,nd when they understood that they are still to be under British protec- tion, and not till then, they collected their wives, chil- dren, &c., from considerable distances, and regularly settled on their old lands. From the terms of their settlement as explained to them by me, and approved of by his Excellency the Governor (though there be no formal agreement in the matter), there would be (it appears to me) some unfair- ness and even breach of faith in our not affording suffi- cient protection to these people to enable them to remain in safety where they are, so long as they themselves honestly endeavour to carry out the purpose for which they were placed in that country by the British. At all events such, I think, would ascuredly be the feeling and opinion of the people of this country. But it is for my superiors to decide this point. The manner of affording, and the nature of such protection is a different question, and it appears to me that it would be quite sufficient to continue a certain number of the tribe in British pay, leaving them to live at their own villages, and to recom- mend them to the consideration of the Government of Kelat, strongly advising the latter not to adopt such measures as would involve them in interminable quarrels and blood-feuds with the tribe around them. The Khy- heerees might be informed that this measure of assistance and protection was considered by the British Govern- ment as a full performance of its promises (and it would, I think, be so considered by all), but that they are the 137 subjects of Kelat, and are to look wholly to the Khan as their lord and master. If this arrangement meet the approval of the Commissioner, I beg leave to recom- mend that our troops be withdrawn wholly from Cutchee, the Shahpoor post being abandoned. With the post along our border side arranged already, recommended by me to Colonel the Honourable H. Dundas, C.B., commanding the troops in Scinde, and the two regi- ments of Scinde Irregular Horse, with one hundred Belooche horsemen permanently retained on the fron- tier, I am certain that I shall be able successfully to maintain profound peace and tranquillity within our own territory, although the Cutchee side might be a scene of violence and disorder. The Khyheerees in our pay at Poolejee, &c., would always be able to give timely in- formation as to any intended inroad into the British territory, which we should then take care to prevent, and the marauders, hopeless of success, would abstain from attempts on our territory. I beg leave to recom- mend that the Boogtees lately located in Scinde be dis- couraged or prevented as much as possible from com- municating with their brethren in the hills. The latter are still plundering their neighbours as heretofore, and only a few days ago, a party of them carried off forty camels from the neighbourhood of Shahpoor ; the per- mitting free intercourse between that part of the tribe lately become British subjects and their lawless and pre- datory brethren, will tend more than anything to prevent the former from settling down in peaceful habits. In conclusion, having stated my own opinions, and the facts of the case within my own knowledge, I beg that you will assure the Commissioner that whatever may be the arrangements determined on by Government with 138 regard to this frontier, no endeavour of mine shall be wanting to carry them into effect successfully. I have, &c., (Signed) J. JACOB, Major, Commanding S. I. Horse. To Captain Browne, Secretary to Government of Scinde. Letter from Major Jacob to Lieutenant-Colonel Shaw. 25th February, 1848. SIR, Consequent on having been placed in command of the whole of the north-west frontier of Scinde towards Cutchee, and according to instructions received, I have the honour to report, for the information of Colonel the Honourable H. Dundas, commanding in Scinde, that I have minutely examined the country from Hussan Keghurree to Kusmore, with a view to the establishing of the posts on that side necessary to complete the fron- tier chain. I beg leave to forward herewith a rough sketch of the line of country above mentioned, whence it will be seen that the most convenient places for the posts are Tung- wanee, Kundkote, and Buddanee : these places are at convenient distances from each other, and there is a sufficiency of water at all of them. Tungwanee is entirely uninhabited, indeed, there was never a village there, but merely a number of Cutcha wells in the middle of a forest. There is no cultivation nor a sign of an inhabitant from Hussan Keghurree to Kundkote save a few Jutts, who have, within the last month or so, erected some huts and dug a well at a place about four miles north-west of Kundkote, cailed Ghubbee. Kund- 139 kote itself was once a large and populous town, but is now nearly deserted, as indeed is the whole of this line, owing to the continual incursions of the hill robbers. There are now but eleven families at Kundkote, not mus- tering in all above fifty souls ; yet there are still at this place, in various stages of repair or of decay, no less than 140 pucka wells, many of them still containing excellent water. Buddanee was also formerly a large town, but is now miserably decayed. There is a very little cultivation about Kundkote and Buddanee, and from Kundkote to Kusmore abundance of grass-land. There are no other spots than those above mentioned, along the line, at which a sufficiency of fresh water could be found. The country is generally overgrown with jungle. It will be necessary to sink a pucka well at Tung- wanee, and to make a road from Hussan Keghurree to Kusmore, as also cuts through the jungle northward from each post into the desert, as at present cavalry can with difficulty get through a great part of the jungle in single file. The cost of this road will be very trifling, about 1,200 rupees, and its advantages are very great. Lines will be required to be built for the detachments at all the frontier posts, with the exception of Dilmorad Keghurree, at which place they were erected by me last year. The cost of these will be about fifteen rupees per man and horse. If these arrangements be approved of, I beg leave to suggest that after their adoption the post at Shahpoor be withdrawn altogether, the Kusmore detachment .being considerably increased (vide return attached), that eighty of the Khyheeree horsemen be retained in British pay, but allowed to reside at their own villages, according to the arrangement made in 1845. By these means I shall be always sure of timely 140 information with regard to everything going on in Cutchee and the hills, and without directly interfering with anything beyond our own boundary. We shall still retain the principal advantages accruing hitherto from the Shahpoor post. One hundred Belooche horse- men will be required as guides, scouts, &c., to be attached to the Scinde Irregular Horse, and posted with the various detachments along the frontier line. These men I should be allowed to enlist from the various Belooche tribes as I find best, so as to ensure having none but properly-qualified individuals. It would not be necessary under these arrangements to add a man to the number of those now in British pay in this country, for the Khyheerees would remain as for- merly under the original arrangement of Sir Charles Napier ; and as an equivalent of the hundred Belooche Horse placed under my orders, an equal number of the Belooche Horse, Chandias, Jekranees, Doomkees, &c. &c. belonging to the police, and heretofore employed on frontier duties, would be no longer required ; such of these as possess the necessary personal qualifications would be re-engaged for service under me, and the remainder might be discharged. I understand that H. H. Meer Ali Morad objects to our occupying the posts within his country, and con- siders their establishment injurious to it. H. H. is in this very greatly mistaken : there is nothing which could be imagined more calculated to improve this part of his territory, to recover it from the miserable state into which it has fallen, and to make it again flourish- ing, than protection to life and property afforded the in- habitants by these posts. The little bazaars also of the detachments, and the money expended in the country in purchasing provisions for man and horse, are of very material advantage to such very poor Zemindars as these are. The establishing of these posts is most undoubtedly of the greatest profit and advantage to the Khypoor govern- ment, but were it otherwise I beg leave to point out that the territories of the different powers are so mixed to- gether along the whole line, that if we are to guard this frontier at all we must necessarily occupy the best spots for our purpose, without regard to the lord of the soil, whose rights are never interfered with in the least by the arrangement. For example, Rojaun belongs to Kelat, and Khanghur itself, as well as Janadeyrah, is claimed by Meer Ali Morad. Were we to have no posts on lands not our own we could have but one, namely, Dilmorad Keghurree, on the whole line from Khyra Keghurree to Kusmore, a distance of 120 miles. I beg leave also to observe, that could the squadron of the Scinde Irregular Horse at Hydrabad be placed at my disposal, and the whole of the two regiments employed on the frontier, I should recommend that the posts of Koombee, Dost Ali, and Shadadpoor, now occupied by detachments of the Scinde Camel Corps, be held by the Scinde Horse, and the whole frontier from eiid to end guarded by the latter corps alone. The Camel Corps then being entirely relieved from frontier duty, would be available for other purposes, for which perhaps it may be better adapted, as it is certain that the horsemen are far more efficient for the frontier outposts than the best infantry can be. With regard to the building of lines and other works required, I beg leave to state that if the arrangement be approved of, I shall be happy to execute them myself on 142 the necessary outlay and advances being sanctioned ; and, from local circumstances, I think that the work would be performed in this manner better, more quickly, and more cheaply than it would probably be done by the executive engineer. Whether this suggestion be acted on or not, it is very advisable that our lines should be commenced upon without delay, for exposure to the ex- treme heat of this climate in the hot season without shelter is very trying to the men. I have, &c. &c., (Signed) JOHN JACOB, Major, Commanding Frontier. To Colonel Shaw, commanding in * Upper Scinde, Shikarpoor. Letter from Major Jacob to Captain Browne. No. 144 of 1848. . Khanghur, 22nd June, 1848. SIR, I have the hojiour to report that the frontier under my command has been undisturbed since the date of my last report on the subject. A few trifling cases of cattle lifting have occurred at Ooch and other places on the border far beyond the British boundary. On the 20th instant a cossid from the hills was met by one of my patrols in the desert, and on being questioned, the man stated that he had been sent by Islam Khan with a letter to me ; he was brought to me at Khanghur, when he produced the letter herewith forwarded, sealed by both Islam Khan and Allum Khan. The man denied having any other letters in his possession, but on search- 143 ing his person the two Scinde letters also sent herewith were found on him. The object of these letters from the Boogtee chiefs is of course to establish a communication with their friends in the police and at the colony near Larkana, which it appears to me would be likely to do mischief. I have acquainted the lieutenant of police at Shikarpoor with the contents of these letters. To the cossid I gave no answer whatever, neither was he allowed to speak to any one. I had him escorted to the foot of the hills and there let go. Great efforts are being made by the rebel Dewan Moolraj to get the Murree tribe to assist him, and to induce them to make inroads on the British frontier. Moolraj, I am informed, lately sent 40,000 rupees to Deen Mohamed Murree, and frequent messen- gers have gone to him from Mooltan, to beg him to send men to join the Dewan. The Murrees report to me that they have positively refused all these offers, and that they are true to the British interest, but I am very doubtful about their good faith, at least so long as Moolraj may have the means of paying them well for their services. I have the honour to forward herewith letters received yesterday from the Murree chiefs. I beg leave again to point out that under the present frontier arrangements it would be very advantageous to allow the Khyheerees in British pay to reside at their own villages, according to the original arrangement of his Excellency the Governor of Scinde, continuing to enjoy their pay, to allow rne to entertain 100 Belooche guides for the frontier service, and to withdraw our troops en- tirely from Cu tehee. The necessity of maintaining the post at Shahpoor, in my opinion, no longer exists ; the Khyheerees being now 144 entirely freed from their most inveterate enemies, the Boogtees, and enjoying the advantage of regular pay to a body of their horsemen, would be able to maintain themselves without further interference on our part, while, by entirely withdrawing from Cutchee, we should place the desert between us and the disorderly tribes of hill and plain on the Cutchee border, having no further concern with all their petty feuds, quarrels, and plun- derings. I have, &c. &c., (Signed) J. JACOB, Political Superintendent and Commandant on the Frontier of Upper Scinde. To Captain Browne, Secretary to the Commissioner in Scinde. Letter from Major Jacob to the Commissioner in Scinde. No. 91 of 1849. Khanghur, 8th April, 1849. SIR, I have the honour to report that early yesterday morning the post of Kusmore, under command of Naib Russuldar Shaik Allaoodeen, was attacked by a large body of plunderers, consisting of Murrees, Khetranees, Boogtees, &c., from the hills. The party of the Scinde Irregular Horse at Kusmore, forty of all ranks, was re- lieved by a similar party on the 6th instant ; the relieved party, under command of Naib Russuldar Kurrum Ali Khan, marched from Kusmore towards Koomree about two o'clock on the morning of the 7th, and had only de- parted about one hour when the party at Kusmore, which had not yet gone into the lines, but was encamped 145 outside, was surrounded, and vigorously attacked on all sides. A duffedar going his rounds first fell in with the enemy, and was killed ; the mountaineers, immensely out-numbering the men of the Scinde Irregular Horse, then rushed in among the horses, and a desperate hand- to-hand fight ensued, which, after a violent struggle, ended in the enemy being beaten off with severe loss, leaving a great number of dead on the ground. On our side the loss was as follows : SCINDE IRREGULAR HORSE. One duffedar, three sowars, and four horses killed. Four sowars very severely wounded. BELOOCHE GUIDES. One sowar killed. One sowar mortally wounded. While the attack commenced on the party at Kusmore, Naib Russuldar Kurrum Ali Khan was about four miles distant, on the road towards Koomree ; hearing firing in the direction of Kusmore, he galloped back with his party towards that place. As he approached Kusmore he came on a body of 300 or 400 horsemen, who were driving off nearly 1,000 camels. Naib Russuldar Kurrum Ali Khan instantly charged and dispersed the enemy, killed a great many of them, and, following them up a considerable distance, recovered and brought back the whole of the plunder they were carrying off He then returned to Kusmore. The mountain robbers on this inroad were led by Meer Hadjee Khetranee and Allum Khan Boogtee, both of whom were seen and recognised during the attack on the party at Kusmore L H6 by some of my Beloochec guides. I purpose proceeding at noon to-day along the frontier towards Kusmore. I have, &c., &c., (Signed) J. JACOB, Political Superintendent and Commandant on the Frontier of Upper Scinde. To the Commissioner in Scinde. Letter from Major Jacob. No. 96 of 1849. Hussan Keghurree, 12th April, 1849. SIK, I have the honour to inform you, that on my way to Kusmore, on which I had proceeded as already reported, I last night received information of the assembly of a large body of mountaineers for hostile purposes to the westward. In consequence, after rein- forcing the post of Kusmore, and making such other arrangements as appeared conducive to the safety of this part of the frontier, I made a forced march back to this place, Hussan Keghurree, and it is my intention to march to-night straight to Shahpoor with a troop of the Scinde Irregular Horse, directing another troop to join me at that place from Khanghur. On my arrival at this post, I received information that a body of Murrees and other mountaineers, to the number of 2,000 men, mostly horsemen, had assembled near Lharee for the purpose of attacking the Khyheeree villages in Cutchee, and then making a descent on the British territory. I hope to be in time to prevent this, and to punish the invaders. The number of men at my disposal on the frontier is 147 now small, but will, I have every reason to believe, suffice for its protection, though the labour will be severe. I have, &c., &c,, (Signed) J. JACOB, Major, Political Superintendent on the Frontier. To the Officer commanding in Upper Scinde. Letter from Major Jacob. No. 97 of 1849. Hussan Keghurree, 12th April, 1849. SIR, I have the honour to report further particulars regarding the attack made by the mountain tribes on the detachment of the Scinde Irregular Horse, at Kusmore, reported in my letter to your address of the 8th instant. A week before the attack took place, I was aware that the mountaineers were mustering in the hills for some evil purpose ; many circumstances induced me to suppose that their object would be the plunder of the Khyheeree villages in Cutchee, and such I still have reason to believe to have been their intention, though finding that they were expected in that quarter, they suddenly changed the direction of their march, and made an un- expected descent on Kusmore, which, had it not been for the readiness, bravery, and excellent conduct of the officers and men on the frontier posts in that neighbour- hood, would certainly have proved as successful as it has turned out to be disastrous to the invaders ; for the surprise was perfect, the hill-men in this instance having stolen a march on me, and deceived, in regard to their real intentions, all my most experienced guides, &c. themselves old and noted border-riders. L 2 148 No extraordinary precautions were taken by me towards Kusmore, but the system of patrols, &c., was carried on as usual day and night, and the watering- places likely to be frequented by marauding parties from the hills, to a distance of twenty-five miles from Kus- more, were duly visited on the 6th instant, but no sign of an enemy was perceived anywhere. The mountaineers, however, having assembled in the Murrow valley to the number of 500 horsemen and some foot (number unknown), left the hills after sunset on the 6th instant via Goojroo, and Shore made one march to Kusmore, avoiding all the usual routes, and attacked the detachment at that place, as reported in my letter of the 8th. The detachment having been relieved that day, the relieved party had just marched off, and men, horses, and camels were moving about all night, which prevented the approach of the enemy being per- ceived so quickly as it would otherwise have been. When challenged, the enemy answered our people (upna a log), and immediately the duffedar on duty was killed, and the rest of the guard killed or cut down ; forty or fifty of the enemy (dismounted and holding their mares by long ropes) then rushed to the native officer's house, with the intention of first killing him, but the party of the Scinde Irregular Horse not having yet entered the lines, the house was unoccupied. The duffedar on duty as he fell gave the alarm, and the enemy having been delayed a few moments in the empty lines, Uuffedar Kishen Sing, with Sirwars Mohamed Gool, Khan Gool, Neaz Gool (father and two sons), Shaik Abia Ali, Mosem Sing, and Mohamed Zummah Khan had time to turn out and oppose the rush which the enemy soon made on the detachment ; they did this most gallantly, and when 149 the enemy broke in among the horses from all sides, Naib Russuldar Shaik Allaoodeen and his whole party were up in arms to meet them ; the result has already been reported in my letter of the 8th instant, and it was owing to the readiness and courage of Duffedar Kishen Sing and his comrades above mentioned that the whole party was not destroyed to a man. There were but forty men of the Scinde Irregular Horse in all, and the surprise and immense disparity of numbers might .have appalled even brave men. The conduct of Naib Russeldar Kurrum Ali Khan, already reported, is worthy of the highest praise ; he left eight men with the baggage of his party, and galloped back with the remaining thirty -two. With his small party he did not hesitate to charge more than ten times his number of enemies, who from the boldness of the attack, and the imperfect light concealing the great disparity of numbers, were defeated with the loss of many men and the whole of their plunder. Naib Russuldar Abdoolla Khan and Bahadoor Khan, from the posts of Koomree and Kundkote, immediately on the alarm reaching them, proceeded in pursuit of the enemy, and were in time to fall in with some of the horse just before they reached the hills, when several of the enemy were killed, and some mares taken. Altogether the loss of the enemy on this occasion amounts to forty men killed, and probably more than an equal number wounded ; a great number of their mares also have been killed > wounded, and taken (six of these were found next day straying in the jungle near Kusmore). The well-known mare of Alim Khan, the noted Kulpur chief, was killed in the attack on Kusmore, and left on the ground. One of the chief leaders of the 150 mountaineers was also killed ; a struggle took place for the possession of his body, which the enemy at last tied on to the back of a mare and carried off. They did the same with others of their dead and desperately wounded. The enemy obtained no plunder whatever, not even a single head of cattle. The loss on our side was considerable ; KILLED. One dufFedar, three sowars, two syces, and four horses, of the Scinde Irregular Horse ; two sowars of the Belooche Guides, and two putts. WOUNDED. Four sowars of the Scinde Irregular Horse, very severely ; five horses of the S. I. H. mortally, since dead- Two of the enemy were brought in mortally wounded ; just before their deaths they stated that their horsemen in this raid numbered five short of five hundred, and that the Sirdars mentioned in my former letter were with them, as also a Murree chief, by name Gool Gawur, first cousin of Deen Mohamed, the head of the tribe. I have the honour to request that you will be good enough to bring to the notice, in the proper quarter, the conduct of Naib R-ussuldar Kurrum Ali Khan, Naib Russuldar Shaik Allaoodeen, Duffedar Kishen Sing, and the sowars mentioned above, with a view to their obtain- ing the distinction of the Order of Merit, which they ap- pear to me richly to deserve. Also several of the men who were with the party of Naib Russuldar Kurrum Ali Khan, and were distinguished by their bravery and success in personal combat, in the charge on the enemy's 151 horsemen ; the names of these men will be forwarded as soon as possible. I have, &c., &c., (Signed) JOHN JACOB, Major, Political Superintendent on the To the Officer commanding Frontier of Upper Scinde. in Upper Scinde. Letter from Major Jacob to the Commissioner. No. 106 of 1849. Khanghur, 18th April, 1849. Sin, I have the honour to forward the accompanying copies of letters, which will show what has taken place on this frontier during the past week. I returned to Khanghur on the morning of the 16th instant. The Murrees had entirely broken up and dispersed to their homes in the hills, in consequence of hearing a false report of my having entered the hills from Kusmore, but it does not appear that they had the least knowledge of my countermarch to Shahpoor. I have this morning heard of another assembly of mountain plunderers, on the south side of the "Zeen," but their numbers are small, about 120, and their pro- ceedings not likely to be of any importance. I have, &c., &c., (Signed) J. JACOB, Major, Political Superintendent on the To the Commissioner in Scinde, Frontier of Upper Scinde. Kurrachee. 152 Letter from Major Ooldney to Major Jacob. No. 173 of 1848. 23rd September, 1848. SIR, I have the honour to forward a copy of a requi- sition from the Assistant Resident with the Mooltan Field Force. Were the Scinde Horse immediately under the control of the officer commanding Upper Scinde, I should not hesitate to request immediate compliance with Captain Edward's request, but under the circumstances of your being in an independent political charge of the frontier, for (he protection of which these cavalry are especially stationed in Upper Scinde, I have the honour to refer the movements of these the only horse in this part of the province, to you. I have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) PHILLIP GOLDNEY, Major, Collector. To Major Jacob, in Political Charge of Frontier. Letter from Lieutenant Herbert B. Edwards to Lieut- Colonel Shaw. No. 69 of 1848. Mooltan, 20th September, 1848. SIR, The sudden defection of the Seikh force under Rajah Shere Sing, and the general insurrection of the Khalsa soldiery which will naturally follow, having obliged Major-General Whish, C. B., to raise the siege of Mooltan, at the very moment when he had thrust for- ward a parallel and heavy battery to within 600 yards of the city, the British force had been compelled to assume a dignified attitude of defence west of the city, wherein to wait for reinforcements. 153 2. I have felt it my duty to call on the Government of Scinde for such assistance as it can render, and in like manner I now write to acquaint you that the majority of the revolted Seikh force which joined Moolraj were cavalry, an arm in which the British force, equipped with reference to siege operations alone, came to Mooltan most ill provided. 3. The evil of this is so serious that I have no hesita- tion in applying to you for the services of Major Jacob's Irregular Horse, now I understand at Kusmore, on the frontier of Scinde and the Seikh Trans- 1 ndus territory. 4 The considerate promptitude with which you sent up steamers on the first outbreak of the Mooltau rebel- lion encourages me to believe that, should the state of the frontier permit it, you will readily render them assist- ance, which I assure you is much wanted, and will be highly valued. 5. I enclose a purwannah on the Kardars between Kusmore and Deyra Ghazee Khan and the Indus and Mooltan, to supply everything which may be required by the cavalry on their march. I have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) HERBERT B. EDWARDS, To Colonel Shaw, commanding in Assistant Eesident. Upper Scinde, Shikarpore. Letter from Lieutenant-Colonel Shaw to Major Jacob No. 639 of 1848. Shikarpoor, 24th September, 1848. SIR, With reference to my letter of this day's date, sent by express to you, T beg to make you aware of the 154 fact that the Dewan Moolraj is sending strong detach- ments* to Deyra Ghazee Khan' and Liea. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your most obedient servant, (Signed) M. M. SHAW, Lieutenant-Colonel, To Major Jacob, commanding Commanding in U. S. the Frontier, Khanghur. Letter fr om Lieutenant-Colonel Shaw to Major Jacob. No. 536 of 1848. 24th September, 1848. SIR, I have the honour to transmit the purwannah forwarded by the Assistant Resident, in case you may deem the route suggested by that authority to be entirely safe. I have had some hesitation in respect to it, that I find the Collector of Shikapoor does not coincide with me. Your information and prolonged acquaintance entitle your opinion to weight, and you are at liberty to choose the route, should you consider that troops can be spared from the frontier. I have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) M. M. SHAW, Lieutenant-Colonel. Commanding in U. S. To Major Jacob, commanding the Frontier, Khanghur. Letter from Lieutenant-Colonel Shaw to Major Jacob. No. 541 of 1848. 24th September, 1848. SIR, In supercession of all letters from me upon the following subject, I have the honour to request that you * Two thousand men to each place. 155 will direct the march of a detachment of your regiments upon Bhawulpoor, instructing the officer in command of it to place himself in communication with the Major- General commanding the Mooltan Field Force. I have to request that the strength of the above de- tachment may, if possible, amount to five hundred sabres, in consequence of which from eighty to one hun- dred sabres of the mounted police of this district will be placed at your disposal. I have the honour to request that the above detach- ment may be crossed to the Bhawulpoor side at the most convenient point from Khanghur. I have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) M. M. SHAW, Lieutenant-Colonel, Commanding in U. S. To Major Jacob, commanding the Frontier, Khanghur. I have the honour to observe that your important position upon the frontier precludes the possibility of your movingwith the detachment proceeding to Bha- wulpoor. (Signed) M. M. SHAW, Lieutenant-Colonel, Commanding in U. S. Letter from Major Jacob to Lieutenant-Colonel Shaw. No. 191 of 1848. Khanghur, 25th September, 1848. SIR, I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letters of the 28rd and 24th September, 1848, also of your letter No. 541, of the 24th September, 1848, superseding the instructions contained in the former letters, and conveying other orders. 156 In compliance therewith I have the honour to report, that a detachment of the strength mentioned in the accompanying margin* will march to-night from Khan- ghur en route to Kusmore, at which place I purpose that the detachment should cross the Indus. I shall be obliged by your ordering arrangements to be made for having boats in readiness at Kusmore for the detachment. Major Goldney has sent me a " pur- wannah " on the Kardar of Kusmore to provide boats, but from my personal knowledge of the Kardar, I fear that unless other means be employed few boats will be forthcoming. I beg leave to bring to your notice that my first regiment being without its medical officer, none can be sent with the detachment from this place, wherefore you perhaps may think proper to order a medical officer to be sent to join it en route. It appears right to remark, that I should observe that the withdrawal of so large a detachment from the fron- tier may possibly be attended with danger to the peace of the frontier. The predatory hill tribes appear to be recovering their activity. The Murrees have been plundering all Cutchee, and have now made friends with the remains of the Boogtee tribe. Several parties of plunderers have, within the last few days, been fallen in with by my patrols in the desert, not very far from the British border ; on one of these occasions, the 21st instant, one of these robbers, a brother of the notorious Sunjur Rind, was overtaken by the patrol, and, offering resistance, was killed. On the 22nd, another party of marauders, headed by Alim Khan Kulpur, was seen by * Five hundred sabres. 157 a patrol beyond Hooddoo, and pursued so closely that the marauding chief was fully recognised, and had to throw away his saddle-bags and everything else he had about him in his flight, escaping to the hills at last by the speed of his mare. The miserably disordered state of Cutchee and state of affairs at Mooltaii have certainly produced some effect already, and will probably render the attempts of these plunderers on the British border more bold and frequent than they have been of late ; wherefore it may perhaps be thought proper, if it can be spared from Lower Scinde, to order the squadron at Hydrabad to proceed to the frontier. I beg leave also to request that the men of the Scinde Irregular Horse, now on duty with the Camel Depart- ment at Shikarpoor, be ordered to join me. At the same time that I feel it my duty to report to you as above, with regard to the state of this frontier, I beg to state that I am of opinion, that with the assist- ance of the party of mounted police mentioned by you as having been ordered to join me, the force remaining on the frontier will be sufficient to preserve peace and quiet in the country. I have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) JOHN JACOB, Major, Political Superintendent on the Frontier of Upper Scinde. To Lieutenant-Colonel Shaw, commanding in Upper Scinde. 158 Letter from Lieutenant Phayre. No. 861 of 1848. Kurrachee, 24th September, 1848. SIR, In anticipation of the immediate assembly of a field force at Roree to co-operate with the British troops now in Mooltan, I have the honour, by direction, to request you will be pleased to call upon Major Jacob, commanding Scinde Irregular Horse on the north-west frontier, to state, for Colonel Dundas's information, whether he could spare three, or, if possible, four squadrons of his horse to compose part of that force, and if so, whether he considers any alteration in the present disposition of his troops on the frontier posts would be necessary. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your most obedient servant, (Signed) B. PHAYKE, Lieutenant, Acting Assistant Quartermaster-General. To the Officer commanding in Upper Scinde, Shikarpoor. [True copy.] (Signed) M. M. SHAW, Lieutenant-Colonel, Commanding in U. S. Letter from Lieutenant- Colonel Shaw to Major Jacob. No. 558 of 1848. Shikarpoor, 28th September, 1848. SiE, I have the honour to enclose copy of a letter from the Assistant Quartermaster-General in Scinde, 159 No. 861, dated 24th September, and to request your replies thereto, I have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) M. M. SHAW, Lieutenant -Colonel, Commanding in U. S. To Major Jacob, commanding the Frontier, Khaughur. Letter from Major Jacob to Lieutenant -Colonel Shaw. No. 196 of 1848. Khanghur, 29th September, 1848. SIR, I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, No. 550, of the 28th September, 1848, to my address, with accompaniment from the Assistant Quartermaster-General, and, in reply, have the honour to state that unless arrangements can be made to replace them by other troops, it would not, I think, be ad- visable to withdraw from the frontier under my com- mand any men in addition to the detachment, 500 strong, which proceeded, under command of Lieutenant Merewether, en route to Bhawulpoor, on the 26th instant. I am of opinion that an alteration in the disposition of the troops on this frontier might be made so as with safety to allow of about 1,000 men altogether of the Scinde Irregular Horse being, as a tempo- rary measure, withdrawn for other service. The arrangements I should propose are as follow : The Scinde Camel Corps to move from Larkana to Khanghur, making the latter place its temporary head-quarters, and relieving the men of the Scinde Irregular Horse from the various outposts along the frontier line; 200 men of the Scinde Irregular Horse, and the 100 Belooche guides 160 lately enlisted by me, also remaining on the frontier ; the latter disposed of as at present, a small party at each post, and the former kept chiefly in hand at Khanghur, so as to be ready to move instantly upon any point threatened. The police horsemen, from 80 to 100, which you have informed me will be available for service on this frontier, would also be very useful. The road lately completed by me along the whole frontier line, with the posts established at regular distances on it, and the other arrangements lately carried into effect, have so facilitated communication and simplified the business of guarding the frontier generally, that I have no doubt whatever but the above-mentioned force and arrange- ments would be found quite sufficient for the effective temporary protection of this frontier. I have the honour to append a memorandum, showing roughly how the troops might be disposed of along the frontier under the arrangement above mentioned. I have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) JOHN JACOB, Major, Political Superintendent on the Frontier of U. S. To Colonel Shaw, commanding in U. S., Shikarpoor. Letter from W.J. Surtees, Esq., to Major Jacob. No 2,621 of 1848. 2nd October. 1848. SlK, I have the honour, by direction, to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, with inclosures, No. 70, dated the 25th ultimo, and, in reply, to refer you to the in- structions, forwarded by express to Major Goldney, 161 countermanding the advance of the detachment of your horse, copy of which will doubtless have been communi- cated by that officer to you before this can reach. I have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) W. J. SURTEES, Assistant Secretary to the Commissioner. To Major Jacob, Political Superintendent on the Frontier of Upper Scinde. Letter from Major Jacob to Lieutenant-Colonel Shaw. No. 169 of 1848. Khanghur, 5th October, 1848. SIR, With reference to the subject of letter No. 861 of 1848, from Lieutenant Phayre, Assistant Quarter- master-General, forwarded to me with your letter No. 558 of ] 848, to my address, and in continuation of my reply thereto, I have the honour to state that the men of the Scinde Irregular Horse having been relieved by mounted police at the post of Khyree Ghurree and Rojaun, I find that sufficient men can be spared, without danger to the safety of the frontier, to complete the detachment under Lieutenant Merewether to the strength of three full squadrons, which arrangement I request that I may be allowed to make. This will in no way affect the arrangement proposed by me in my reply to your letter of the 28th September, which may be carried into effect or not, as higher authority shall determine ; but I beg leave also to request that in any case I may myself be allowed to proceed at once in command of this detach- ment, giving ovtr temporary command of the frontier to 162 Lieutenant Collier, I having been informed by the Brigadier commanding that he leaves it to me to go or to stay, as I think best for the good of the service. I have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) JOHN JACOB, Major, Political Superintendent on the Frontier of U. S. To Colonel Shaw, commanding in U. S., Shikarpoor. Letter from Major Jacob to the Secretary to the Com- missioner. No. 203 of 1848. Khanghur, 6th October, 1848. SIR, A strong detachment of the Scinde Irregular Horse having been marked to join the troop proceeding to Mooltan on the field service, I hope that the Commis- sioner will not object to my proceeding in command of the party, and I have the honour to request that I may be allowed to do so at once, handing over temporary command of this frontier to Lieutenant Collier, Scinde Irregular Hor^e. This military arrangement for the safe keeping of the frontier during my absence, for which a sufficient force will, in my opinion, still remain, will, I presume, be communicated to the Commissioner by the officer commanding the troops in Scinde. Having permission from the military authorities to proceed in command of the detachment above men- tioned, it is my intention to proceed to join it at Roree, in anticipation of the Commissioners sanctioning the arrangement ; as if, my going be disapproved of, orders 163 for my remaining will reach me at Sukkur, I can return at once ; while, on the other hand, much time would be lost by my remaining here. I have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) JOHN JACOB, Major, Political Superintendent on the Frontier of U. S. To the Secretary to the Commissioner in Scinde, Kurrachee. Letter from Lieutenant Phayre. No. 936 of 1848. Kurrachee, 7th October, 1848. SIR, I have had the honour of submitting your letter No. 562 of 1848, dated 30th September, and accompani- ments from Major Jacob, commanding the north-west frontier, to Brigadier the Hon. H. Dundas, O.B., com- manding the Scinde division, and in reply, am to acquaint you that Colonel Dundas, having personally communi- cated with the Commissioner in Scinde on the advisabilty of completing to 1,000 sabres the 500 that have already been withdrawn from the frontier for field service in Mooltan, has decided that with the force at present allowed by Government for the occupation of Scinde, that measure, however much to be wished for, is not prac- ticable, inasmuch as the squadron of that regiment now in central Scinde cannot be withdrawn for the purpose indicated by Major Jacob ; nor is the Scinde Camel Corps sufficiently strong to undertake the duties proposed for it at Khanghur and the outposts, in addition to those at present performed by it at Larkana. M2 164 The project, therefore, of taking so strong a body of cavalry as proposed by Major Jacob in his letter No. 173 of 1848, has been reluctantly abandoned not only from the want of means to replace them, as above adverted to, but from the tenor of paragraphs 4, 5, 6, and 7 of Major Jacob's letter (No. 179, 1848, of 25th ultimo, forwarded to the Assistant Adjutant-General, and a copy of which was transferred to this office), which proves that the north-western frontier arrangement should at the present juncture remain as much as possible unaltered. I have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) K. THAYRE, Lieutenant, Acting Assistant Quartermaster-General. To the Officer commanding in Upper Scinde. Letter from Major Jacob to ike Secretary to the Commissioner. No. 208 of 1848. Khanghur, 8th October, 1848. SIR, With reference to the subject of my letter No. 180, of the 6th October, 1848, to your address, I have the honour to report, that I find that the prospect of my leaving this frontier is unsettling the minds of the people on the border, and the state of the country also beyond the British boundary not being satisfactory, that I shall not, under any circumstances, quit my post on this frontier until I receive the full permission of the Com- missioner to do so. I should only be deceiving myself and my superiors, did I attempt, after what I have observed during the last three days, to persuade them that the peace of this 165 frontier can be preserved at present without the most constant care and watchful labour : but I trust that, if the Commissioner can make any satisfactory arrange- ment to set me free to take command of the squadrons of my regiments proceeding on service to the Punjab, that he will do so, as it is a source of unspeakable mor- tification to me, as well as of injury to the corps, that for the first time during the seven years I have had the honour to command the Scinde Irregular Horse, my men should proceed to active warfare without their com- mandant at their head. I have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) JOHN JACOB, Major, Political Superintendent on the Frontier of U. S. To the Secretary to the Commissioner in Scinde, Kurrachee. Letter from W. J. Surtees, Esq to Major Jacob. No. 2,767 of 1848. 16th October, 184fe. SIR, I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letters Nos. 180 and 208, dated respectively the 5th and 8th instant. 2. The Commissioner fully enters into your anxiety to accompany any detachment of your regiment which may proceed beyond the frontier on field service, and is not insensible to the advantage of your presence with them as regards that service. At the same time he would at any time, but more especially in times such as the present, feel considerable hesitation in giving his assent to your absence from the superintendence of the 166 frontier ; and in the state of affairs represented in the last of your letters under acknowledgment, he fnlly re- cognises the propriety of your resolution to remain at your post, an opinion in which he has the concurrence of the Brigadier commanding the division, with whom he has communicated on the subject. 3. The Commissioner will await with some anxiety your further report of the state of affairs on the frontier? and relies on your vigilance for adopting every needful precaution for its security. I have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) W. J. SURTEES, Assistant Secretary to the Commissioner in Scinde. To Major Jacob, in Political and Military charge of the Frontier, Khanghur. Letter from Major Jacob to Lieutenant-Colonel Shaw. No. 176 of 1848. 24th October, 1848. SIR, Having been informed by Lieutenant Malcolm, second in command of 2nd regiment Scinde Irregular Horse, that orders have been issued for him to join the field force about to proceed on service beyond the fron- tier in command of four squadrons, or as many as can be spared, and the head-quarters of the 2nd regiment Scinde Irregular Horse, I beg leave to point out that the detachment of five hundred men lately withdrawn from the frontier, and now at Subzulkote, under command of Lieutenant Merewether, is as great a number of men as it would be prudent to withdraw under present circum- stances from this frontier, and that the departure of 167 three hundred more men to complete that detachment of four squadrons would be attended with great danger to the peace of the country, unless the squadron of the Scinde Irregular Horse now at Hydrabad could be spared for frontier service, or some other troops be sent to supply the place of those proceeding to join the Mooltan force. I also beg leave to point out that the detachment at Subzulkote being already across the Indus, and so far on its road, complete and ready in every respect, it may be thought advisable to take it on as it stands, instead of sending back the officers and men of the 1st Scinde Irregular Horse, and relieving them by those of the 2nd. As it appears to be intended that the head-quarters of one of the regiments of Scinde Irregular Horse should join the Mooltan army, and as an experienced officer is now available for the charge of this frontier, I beg leave most earnestly to request that I may be allowed to take command of that part of the Scinde Irregular Horse proceeding to Mooltan. I have worked hard, long, and successfully in this country ; I have never been absent a day from the Scinde Irregular Horse during the seven years I have commanded it, and it appears unfair to me, as it will assuredly appear to the public as a censure on my conduct, that one of my subalterns, whatever his merit, be recalled when about to embark on sick cer- tificate for Europe, and remanded to the corps, with orders to supersede me in the command of one of my regiments. I have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) JOHN Jacob, Major, Commanding S. I. Horse. To Colonel Shaw, Commanding in Upper Scinde, Shikarpoor. 168 Letter from Major Jacob to Lieutenant-Colonel Shaw. No. 242 of 1848. Khanghur, 6th November, Ifc48. SIR, In continuation of the subject of my letter, No. 237, of yesterday's date, I have the honour to report that there is little doubt of the mountaineers having assembled in considerable numbers for hostile purposes, as already reported, but they have not as yet left the hills, and it is very uncertain in what di- rection they may proceed, or whether any attempt will be made by them at all on the British border : an inroad, or attempt at one, appears no more likely to take place towards Kusmore than on any other part of the frontier line, but it is necessary for me to watch and guard all points. Wherefore it would, I think, be advisable to have one squadron in hand at Khanghur, while I may be out to the eastward with another. This would, in all probability, ensure' the safety of the whole of this frontier line. The number of men I have now at my disposal would be more than sufficient to meet all these robber tribes com- bined, if we knew exactly always where to find them, but as they can suddenly attack any point, we must be prepared on all, or run some risk of allowing the mountaineers to make a profitable raid; wliile the least approach to a successful foray on their part in the way of plunder would do incalculable mischief to the country along the British border, and again in- troduce fear and disorder in place of the tranquillity now so happily prevailing. This risk may indeed be 169 small, but if it can be done without inconvenience, it is better to guard against accident as much as pos- sible. Wherefore, perhaps it may be thought as well to send back to this frontier one troop of the First Scinde Irregular Horse now at Subzulkote, leaving two squadrons of 400 men with Lieuts. Merewether and Green to accompany the Mooltan force. The Khan of Kelat has assembled a force which he is about to send into the hills against the Murrees, who have been laying waste his country ; and, after all, it is very likely that this general assembly of the moun- tain tribes is merely for the purpose of repelling that attack ; again, it is very possible that the predatory tribes are feigning an inroad in the direction of Kus- more to draw off my attention to that quarter, while their real attack is to take place to the westward, on the Khyheeree villages, in Cutchee. It is also certainly possible that the inroad on Kusmore may be really intended, owing to the in- fluence of the Dewan of Mooltan, although it is very unlikely that it will be carried into effect, when it is known that we are in the neighbourhood and on the watch for the marauders, who have only become open to Mooltan persuasion and assumed the appear- ance of an intention to invade the British territory, after hearing that Lieut. Merewether, with a great part of the border force, had left the frontier, and that I was about to follow with more. It is my duty to lay all the circumstances set forth above before my superiors. At the same time, I have little doubt but that with the force I have at present at my disposal, the British territory will be preserved 170 inviola.te under any circumstances, though it may be hard work for the men. I have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) JOHN JACOB, Major, Political Superintendent on the Frontier of U. S. To Colonel Shaw, commanding in Upper Scinde, Shikarpoor. Letter from Major Jacob to Lieutenant-Colonel Shaw. No. 245 of 1848. Kusmore, 10th November, 1848. SIR, I have the honour to report that I having received a communication from Lieutenant Green, with copy of a letter from General Whish, to the effect that his troops were being attacked in their camp, his allies going over to the enemy, and that the General was urgent for immediate reinforcement ; that under these circumstances Major Hallet was marching to the assist- ance of General Whish, with the 3rd regiment Native Infantry, and detachment of the Scinde Irregular Horse, and that Lieutenant Malcolm was still many marches distant. I have, therefore, considering the case as one of great emergency, and that the presence of Lieutenant Mere- wether would be far more required with the detachment under Major Hallet than with me on this frontier, 171 ordered Lieutenant Mere wether to rejoin with speed the detachment proceeding towards Mooltan. I have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) J. JACOB, Major, Political Superintendent on the Frontier of U, S. To Colonel Shaw, commanding in Upper Scinde, Shikarpoor. Letter from Lieutenant-Colonel Hancock to Major- General Auchmuty. No. 2,150 of 1848. Bombay, 18th, November, 1848. SIR, I have submitted to the Command er-in-Chief Brigadier, the Hon. H. Dundas's letter, No. 1,272, of the 2nd instant, with accompaniment from Major Jacob, No. 176, dated 24th ultimo, to which I am instructed to reply as follows : Under the circumstances therein represented, his Excellency approves of Colonel Dundas's proposed arrangement to limit the detachment of the Scinde Horse which is to accompany the Field to the 500 men now at Subzulkote, but directs that the head-quarters of the 2nd regiment be attached to the same, agreeably to General Orders, No. 3, of the llth ultimo, and that the whole be under the orders of Lieutenant Malcolm, Lieutenant Green being also attached, as directed in my letter to your address of the 7th ultimo. His Excellency leaves it to Major Jacob to arrange the distribution of 172 the other European officers as he may deem most expedient. With regard to Major Jacob's solicitation to be per- mitted to proceed in command of that portion of his corps proceeding to Mooltan, I am to request you will furnish that officer with a copy of second paragraph of Mr. Secretary Mallet's letter, No. 446, of 14th instant, to the address of the Commissioner in Scinde, and acquaint him that, but for the urgent necessity which exists for his services being retained at this juncture in his present command on the Scinde frontier, it would have afforded his Excellency the greatest pleasure to have complied with his request, and to have recom- mended it to the favourable consideration of Govern- ment. It is, I am to add, with much regret his Excellency is compelled to notice with his disapprobation the tenor and style of the concluding paragraph of Major Jacob's letter under acknowledgment. It was, I am to observe, for the Commander-in-Chief and the Government alone to judge whether that officer's services would most properly be retained for the com- mand of the Scinde frontier, or more available for that of the Scinde Horse proceeding with the field force, and and it was for Major Jacob to defer to his Excellency's orders, and not to cavil and allow his mind to be swayed by considerations of what the public might think of the matter, than which no course, I am to state, could be more unmilitary. It is, I am to remark, only the opinion of his military superiors and of Government that can be rightly made the object of an officer's solicitude, and his Excellency is sorry in having occasion to point 173 this out to an officer of Major Jacob's rank and standing in the service. I have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) H. HANCOCK, Lieut-Colonel, Adjutant-General of the Army. To Major-General Auchmuty, commanding the troops in Scinde, Sukkur. Letter from the Commissioner in Scinde to the Right Honourable Viscount Falkland, Governor and President in Council, Bombay. No. 2,977 of 1848. Secret Department. Kurrachee, 3rd November, 1848. MY LORD, In transmitting for the consideration of your Lordship in Council the accompanying copy of a letter, No. 175, dated the 24th ultimo, from Major Jacob, in political and military charge of the frontier, I beg to refer to the correspondence forwarded with my letters, Nos. 2,742 and 2,768, dated respectively the 13th and 16th ultimo, as containing my opinion on the subject to which he relates ; to which I have only to add, with reference to the withdrawal of the squadron of Scinde Irregular Horse, now at Hydrabad for frontier service, that I consider it would be attended with risk, as that is the locality, if any within the province, where disaffection is to be apprehended. I have, Scc., &c., (Signed) R W. PRINGLE, Commissioner in Scinde. 174 Letter from A. Malet, Esq., Chief Secretary to Govern- ment, to R. W. Pringle, Esq., Commissioner in Scinde. No. 446 of 1848. Secret Department. Bombay Castle, 14th November, 1848. SlK, I am directed by the Right Honourable the Governor in Council, to acknowledge the receipt of your letters Nos. 2,742, 2,768 and 2,977, dated the 13th* and 16th ultimo, and the 3rd instant. 2. In reply, I am desired to inform you that it would, in the opinion of Government, be highly unadvisable to permit Major Jacob to proceed to the siege of Mooltan. 3. His Lordship in Council concurs with you in opinion that the detachment of Scinde Horse now at Hydrabad should not be removed from thence. 4. Whether the officers and men of the 1st regiment now with the detachment at Subzulkote should proceed with that detachment, or be relieved by an equal num- ber of officers and men of the 2nd regiment, is a point which should be determined by yourself and Major Jacob. I have, &c., (Signed) A. MALET, Chief Secretary, [True Copy.] (Signed) J. F. LESTER, Assistant Commissioner in Scinde. 175 Letter from the Commander-in-Chief, Bombay, to the Honourable J. P. Willoughby. Dated 14th November, 1848. MY DEAR WILLOUGHBY, Relative to the Scinde affairs at present, every arrangement has gone on well. Had Major Jacob not been wanted so urgently on the frontier, of course he could have gone with Dundas ; but he is too good an officer, and so perfectly understands the tribes, that he cannot possibly be spared. No news from the north-west Ever yours truly, WILLOUGHBY COTTON. Letter from R. W. Pringle, Esq., to Major Jacob. No. 3,206 of 1848. Secret Department. Kurrachee, 28th November, 1848. Sm, With reference to your Letter, No. 17-5, dated the 24th ultimo, I have the honour to transmit for your information and guidance, copy of my letter No. 2,977, dated the 3rd instant, and of Mr. Chief Secretary Malet!s reply, No. 446, dated 14th instant. 2. By a letter dated the 10th instant, from Brigadier the Honourable H. Dundas, I am led to believe that a troop of Scinde Horse has already joined you from Hydrabad, but on this point I beg to be informed. 3. I also request you will favour me with your opinion on the subject of the concluding paragraph of Mr. Malet's letter, if the point to which it relates has not already been disposed of, as seems probable, by the course of events, so as not conveniently to admit of modification. I have, &c. (Signed) R. W. PRINGLE, Commissioner in Scinde. 176 Letter from Captain Toilet to Lieut-Colonel Shaw. No. 1,377 of 1848. Assistant Adjutant-General's Office, Camp, Sukkur, 29th November, 1848. SIR, 1 am instructed by Major-General Auchmuty, C.B. to forward the annexed copies of letters regarding the inexpediency of permitting Major Jacob, under ex- isting circumstances to proceed to Mooltan, and to desire that the same be made known to the Major. I have, &c., (Signed) T. TALLET, Captain, Assistant Adjutant- General, S.H.B. Lieutenant-Colonel Shaw, commanding in Upper Scinde, Sukkur. Letter from Lieut. -Colonel Hancock to Major-General Auchmuty. No. 2,146. Adjutant- General's Office, Bombay, 18th November, 1848. SIR, I am instructed by the Commander- in-Chief to transmit for your information the enclosed transcript of a letter from the Secretary to Government, in the Secret Department (No. 447), dated the 14th instant, with copy of its accompaniments, relative to the inexpediency of permitting Major Jacob under existing circumstances to proceed with the Scinde Horse to the siege of Mooltan, and the removal of the detachment of that corps now at Hydrabad. 1 have, &c., (Signed) H. HANCOCK, Lieut.-Colonel, Adjutant-General of the Army. To Major-General S. B. Auchmuty, C.B., commanding the troops in Upper Scinde. 177 Letter from A. Malet, Esq., to Lieut-Colonel Hancock. No. 447 of 1848. Secret Department. Bombay Castle, 14th November, 1848. SIR, I am directed by the Right Honourable the Governor in Council to transmit to you for submission to his Excellency the Commander-in- Chief, a copy of my letter of this date to the Commissioner in Scinde, relative to the inexpediency of Major Jacob proceeding towards Mooltan, and the detachment of the Scinde Horse now at Hydrabad being removed from thence. The point noticed in the concluding paragragh has pro- bably already been communicated to his Excellency the Command er-in-Chief by the officer commanding in Scinde. 1 have, &c., (Signed) A. MALET, Chief Secretary. Letter from Major Jacob to the Commissioner in Scinde. 17th January, 1849. SIR, I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter No. 80, of the 10th of January, 1849, with accompaniments. With reference to the contents of the extracts from a letter, No. 31, dated 20th September, 1848, from the Honourable the Court of Directors, I beg leave to point out that many erroneous impressions appear to exist with regard to the various tribes on this frontier, where- fore, with a view to a correct understanding of this matter, it may be proper for me to explain that the N 178 Khyheerees never were a plundering tribe, they are not even Belooches, never were our enemies in any way, were never subdued by Sir Charles Napier, and were never induced by his Excellency to settle in Scinde. The Khyheerees formerly, up to about the year 1827, held the lands which they now occupy, and the sunuds for these lands, granted to them by the old Nusseer Khan of Kelat, are still in their possession, and acknow- ledged to be genuine by the present Khan. About 1827-28 the Khyheerees, who had long main- tained a struggle against the Belooche tribes around them, were at last, by a general coalition of the predatory tribes, of whom the Doomkees and Jekranees were the chief, entirely expelled from Cutchee, and they then took refuge in Scinde; where they were quietly and peaceably settled when we came to the country in 1838-39. In 1839 British troops were sent against the robber tribes then occupying the lands of the Khyheerees in the plains of Cutchee ; the marauders fled and took refuge in the hills. After Major Billamore's successful expe- dition into the mountains in 1839-40 (in the course of which the hill tribe were really encountered and beaten), the Khyheerees were replaced by Mr. Ross Bell, then resident in Scinde, on the lands of their fathers. The same officer afterwards again rejected them, and restored the lands to the Doomkees and Jekranees under Beejah Khan and Durrya Khan, the Khyheerees returning to Scinde. The Doomkees and Jekranees quietly occupied the lands in question, and abstained from plundering during the year 1842, when I held military and political charge of this frontier. 179 But no sooner had the British troops totally evacuated Cutchee, than these marauders resumed their old habits, and by reason of their incursions and those of the hill tribes, the whole border was laid waste, and the most dreadful injuries inflicted on the peaceable inhabitants of the country on both sides of the desert. This state of affairs continued after the conquest of Scinde by the British. No efficient protection was afforded to our subjects on the border, and to increase the evil, our wretched peasantry, when they attempted to protect themselves and their homes from the daring and cruel marauders, were sometimes destroyed by the British troops placed for their protection. As in the instance which occurred in 1844, when the 6th regiment of Bengal Irregular Cavalry cut up in a shocking manner more than sixty of our own people, besides about an equal number of the peaceable subjects of H. H. Meer Ali Morad, who, the former at least> offered no resist- ance, even throwing away their arms when ordered, and who had turned out to protect their property from the robbers. Government is already acquainted with the circumstances of this case, and some of the survivors who were severely wounded on that occasion, are now receiv- ing pensions from the British Government. This affair did an immense amount of injury on this frontier, and was the greatest possible encouragement and assistance to the robbers. It was, however, unfor- tunately never rightly understood at head-quarters until, in 1847, the truth of the matter was reported by me to Sir Charles Napier, and the depositions on oath before me, as magistrate, of the wounded men and others forwarded. So little was known of the real merits of the case, that it appears by the Bengal General Orders, 180 that the 6th regiment Bengal Irregular Cavalry were presented with musketoons for their conduct on this occasion. After this followed the plundering and burn- ing of Kumber by the marauders, and the unsuccessful attack by the British on the village of Poolijee, then in the possession of Beejah Khan Doomkee. By the end of the year 1844, nothing could have been worse than the state of this frontier. Sir Charles Napier's expedition into the hills in 1845 terminated in the surrender of the greater part of the men from the plains who had taken refuge in the mountains, namely, the Doomkee, Jekranee, &c. ; but none of the hill-men, with the exception of Meer Hussan Nootanee, surrendered or were captured ; neither were the hill- tribes injured in the least, save perhaps by the loss of a few cattle. The Doomkees and Jekranees were, according to the conditions of their surrender, transported from Cutchee, with their wives, families, and property, and settled in Scinde ; but the Boogtees remained as troublesome as ever, becoming even more daring than before in their incursions, although the Government of Scinde offered a reward for each man of the tribe who might be anyhow taken prisoner ; and every individual of the Boogtees was ordered to be treated as an enemy wherever found. The new settlers, the Doomkees and Jekranees, who were supposed to have become peaceable subjects, aided by the Kosahs and others in Scinde, were not less active robbers, from the British side of the border, than were the hill-men on the other. Such was the state of dis- order, and such boldness on the part of the robber tribes was induced, that in December, 1846, a body of about 1,200 men of the Boogtees,* from the hills nearly all of * Since ascertained from Islam Khan Alim Khan and the other 181 them on foot, marched in open day far into the British territory, plundered all the country about Meerpoor, to within sixteen miles of the city of Shikarpoor, and re- turned within their hills, a distance of some seventy miles, uninjured, with all their booty in perfect safety. In January, 1847, the Scinde Irregular Horse arrived on the frontier, and Government is acquainted with what has occurred on the frontier since that time. My honour- able masters may rest assured, that no unnecessary violence has been or ever will be made use of by me. It is, however, impossible to conciliate an enemy with ad- Vantage when he believes that you are weak, more espe- cially an Asiatic enemy ; and the above hasty but true sketch of the affairs of this frontier from 1843 to 1846 inclusive, shows that the robber tribes had little reason to believe us strong. Every man, woman, and child in the country, includ- ing the very Boogtees themselves, fully acquiesce in the justice and mercy shown in the punishment of those de- termined murderers and robbers of the Boogtee tribe, on the 1st October, 1847. But the effect of such blows is merely temporary, and chiefly valuable as giving time and opportunity to carry into effect the measures best adapted to afford permanent relief. This has been my aim from the first. There have been, and are still, many obstacles to success, but none of them insuperable. I have succeeded in establishing among the people a per- fect confidence in the power and will of the Government Boogtee leaders, that the number was about 2,000 ; each private man received a cow or bullock and five sheep and goats as his share of the plunder. The total number of head of cattle carried off on this occasion amounted to about 15,000. 184 Observations by General Sir C. J. Napier. 2nd February, 1847. Major-General Hunter encloses a Report from Captain Jacob. I beg to call to General Hunter's notice, that I, perfectly knowing these men, warned him on the 8th May (eight months ago) what would happen in the fol- lowing letter : (EXTRACT.) 8th May, 1846. " You must look out for your convoys to Shahpoor ; depend upon it the robbers mean to have a touch at them. Now, mark, I suspect the Jekranees are raising a talk, and mean to plunder some convoy themselves, and lay it on the Boogtees. This, you will say, is a deep scheme, but it is just what such chaps are dabs at, and the only thing is to be up to their tricks. I suspect them hugely, however, and warn you to keep a sharp look out on them." That General Hunter sent this warning, which I gave him, to the police and to the outposts I have no doubt, and therefore I have much to complain of. No expe- rience of these robbers was required, either by Lieutenant Hamilton or Lieutenant Younghusband, or the officer commanding outposts. Robbers are alike in all ages and in all countries : to deal with them only needs acti- vity and reflection ; neither seem to have been employed till Captain Jacob arrived, though the above caution and common resolution in officers at outposts ought to have prevented all this inconvenience which has taken place on the frontier. The details stated by Captain Jacob of the proceedings adopted by the J ekranees are exactly those which I fully expected, and to prevent which I 185 placed Lieutenant Hamilton where he is. The Jekranees never should have been allowed to carry arms, and their horses were positively ordered by me to be sold. It was reported to me that they had been sold by auction, and the difference between their value and what they sold for was paid to the owners by Government. I have no papers by me to refer to, as Captain Browne is gone, but the transaction is very clear in my memory. Captain Jacob says he " believes " the system of robbery has been carried on without being suspected. It was very natural to believe so, but it was not the case, for my letter shows that I more than suspected it, and warned General Hunter eight months ago. I do not know what Lieu- tenant Hamilton imagines he was placed where he is for; I knew from the first moment that these things were inevitable, unless a British officer by his zeal and activity on the spot prevented them, and I knew he could do so if he did his duty ; and unless he can explain his conduct in a satisfactory manner to Major-General Hunter, it will be my duty to request the Governor- General to recall him, and place another officer in his position. My original orders are to be rigidly put in force, that, 1st. No man is to carry arms without a special permission in writing from lieutenant of police, &c. 2nd. No man is to quit the station of Janeederah without leave. 3rd. No man is to keep a horse, except, which I now add, by permission, for agricultural purposes, unless it be the chief Duryah Khan, and his must in future be registered, as well as every horse kept for agriculture, and this register must be kept in the Jekranee officer's own writing, that he may know and muster all the horses at any moment, and confiscate any that are absent at such muster, besides punishing the owner in anv other 186 way which the commanding officer of the frontier thinks proper, arid which may be within his competence to in- flict. As a magistrate, which Captain Jacob is, I leave it to Captain Jacob to carry through those rules at his discretion, for as there has been great neglect, to say the least of it, regarding these thieves, it would be unfair to be suddenly harsh without admonition being duly given and explained to men so wild, and that I will hang them if they go out plundering. But I repeat it, my determi- nation is to make an example of those who refuse obedi- ence. This renders it necessary that the Jekranees should clearly understand their position ; and I desire Captain Jacob io explain this to them personally, which will be satisfactory both to himself and to me. ' It is impossible for me to do more than give general directions in minor points. The officer on the frontier must act on his own discretion, reporting what he does. Lieutenant- Colonel Stack and his regiment had the outposts, and they seem not to have been aware of that which is the chief duty of a regiment of light cavalry, or what has taken place could not, in my opinion, have happened ; but I attribute the mischief much more to Lieutenant Hamilton than to the officer commanding the cavalry outposts. I know that had there not been much neglect, what has taken place, according to Captain Jacob's report, could not have occurred. (Signed) C. J. NAPIER, Lieutenant-General. Major-General Hunter to Major Jacob. MY DEAR JACOB, Here is a letter from the Secretary with the Governor's remarks on your late report. It is 187 rather hard to reflect on me, who never knew one order that was given to Lieut. Hamilton ; neither did I know from your report that the mares and horses had been ordered to be sold : all I know is, the extract of his letter to me is correct. I mentioned it to Goldney and Younghusband : they did not suspect Jekranees, and as to Mr. Hamilton, he never would allow it. I am and have been often told that a Jakranee could do no wrong. You have now the sole command of the frontier, and can give your own orders. I only hope Sir Charles won't, in one of his wild moments, write an order to some one under your command to act in some contrary manner. Orders given to so many plays Old Harry. Send me back these observations sharp after taking a copy, which will guide you in future very clearly without reference to any one. I may have to reply to them before I go, which I intend on the 17th. Yours, in haste, (Signed) G. HUNTER. From Sir G. Napier to Major Jacob. Kurrachee, February 1, 1847. DEAR JACOB, 1 have yours of the 25th instant, which has perfectly astonished me. What have Forbes, Young- husband, and Hamilton been about ! Against my own opinion I was persuaded, like an ass, to allow the Jekra nees to be armed. I long ago ordered their horses to be taken from them and sold. I have written to Hunter. I long to get his official on the subject. I have told him to put the Jekranees and 188 Lieutenant Hamilton under your orders. They are bold fellows, and you will turn them to some account. The English mail has just been signalled, and I leave this for Hyderabad to-morrow, so I am too busy to say more. Very faithfully, C. J. NAPIER. Major-General Hunter to Major Jacob January 24, 1847. MY DEAR JACOB, I was very much delighted with the success of your people against a party of Boogtees, which I have sent off to the Governor. For the last year, I believe, the 3rd Cavalry never sent out a patrol : no wonder Lootoos came in every direction ; but I feel quite satisfied they will now give over troubling our frontier, let them go elsewhere if they please. I feel so confident that your arrangements and activity will give peace to the country, that I begin to regret my time of departure is so near. Under the 3rd Cavalry manage- ment of the frontier, as I think I told you before, it was necessary to arm both Kosahs and Jakranees ; but I never approved of their being so. I have written to the Governor for permission to cancel that leave, and not even at Janadeyra to allow arms to be carried ; that you will guarantee them protection if so is ordered : those chaps, if allowed matchlocks and horses, will go across the desert and plunder, or try to do so, leaving alone the cul- tivation of the soil I have ordered out your detachment from Shikarpoor, on the reasons you have urged : by the end of the month 189 the 18th will be up, and then Shikarpoor will be well guarded ; but I myself never had fear of any attempt being made on our cantonment, though it was the fashion at one time to make it appear a probable event ; but we are on another tack now. Believe me, Yours sincerely, Sunday, 4 p. M. (Signed) G. HUNTER. (Extract.) From Major Jacob to the officer commanding in Upper Sinde. No. 209 of 1847. Khanghur, 4th November, 1847. PRACTICALLY, however, I was made, by his Excellency the Governor, the sole authority, military and political, as far as related to the safe keeping of the border, throughout that part of the frontier of Scinde and Cutchee which was placed under my command. With regard to the system of policy pursued by me on this frontier, the best way of explaining it perhaps will be to state, as shortly as possible, what actually have been my proceedings, and the facts which have taken place. On the 9th January, 1847, I arrived at Khanghur, and received command of the frontier out -posts : at this time I found the whole country in a state of the greatest disorder, which had become much worse since the suc- cessful raid of the Boogtee tribe, in November 1846, when the mountaineers came down in force to within 15 miles of Shikarpoor, and returned uninjured to the hills. 190 In fact the whole of the country on the border, and for a considerable distance within it, was one continued scene of terror and alarm on the night before we arrived at Khanghur. Alum Khan himself, with a body of predatory horse, was plundering on the road between Janadeyra and Jagner, whence he carried off a number of camels of the baggage corps. The next night horsemen from the hills carried off camels from Rojaun, and this appeared to be the normal state of affairs. There was no peace or quiet anywhere on this frontier, and General Hunter himself told me, and has expressed the same in one of those letters now forwarded, that they were always expecting Shikarpoor to be attacked. The people of the country had not the slightest confidence in British protection. As everybody carried arms, it was almost impossible to distinguish friend from foe, and the inhabitants of our own territory were quite as much given to marauding, and did quite as much to keep up disorder and bloodshed, as the robbers from the hills ; in fact, a system of private warfare was constantly carried on by both parties, to an almost incredible extent. On the side of Boordicka, in the territory of H. H. Meer Ali Morad, matters were if possible even worse. To remedy this state of affairs, it appeared to me that the first thing to be done was to put a stop to all marauding on the part of our own subjects, and to give the well-disposed portion of them reasonable confidence in our ability to protect them. I therefore proceeded to establish a system of daily and nightly patrols of horse along the whole frontier, on both sides of the desert, and into Boordicka and Cutchee. These patrols instantly went to Ooch, Punian, Hoodoo, Gorenaree, &c., &c., and notwithstanding the long distance and want of water, 191 this daily labour was persevered in throughout the hot season (with what effect is well known). Having thus provided against disturbance from without, I endeavoured to remedy internal disorder as soon therefore as my patrolling arrangements were established, I proceeded to disarm every man in the country not having especial permission to carry arms. This having been done, it was no longer difficult to distinguish a robber from a true man. The horses and mares of the Jekranees and Jana- deyra had been taken from them and sold a year before by order of His Excellency the Governor ; but I soon discovered that the sale was fictitious, and that their horses had been merely placed for safe keeping with various Zemeendars all over the country, and all this was quite unknown to Government. Whenever the Jeckranees wished to proceed on a predatory excursion, the horses, and all also required, were immediately forthcoming ; the men, mounted and armed, assembled one by one, at some convenient place of rendezvous, and on their return, disposed of the plunder among their Zemeendar friends, and returned singly to their houses, secretly as they went out. I warned the Jekranees at Janadeyra, and others, that if I found them still carrying on these predatory excursions, I should imprison them, and they would be hanged, but long impunity had made them bold, and having great confidence in their own native cunning, they fancied they could still conceal their deeds from my knowledge ; until on the 28th January, a large party of them was seized by one of my patrols, near Thool, mounted, armed, and with a number of stolen cattle in their possession their swords were covered with fresh 192 blood, and the culprits themselves boasted of having killed six men, whom they had found with the cattle they had carried off. I deprived these robbers of their horses and arms, and sent the men to prison at Shikar- poor. The effect of this proceeding was great and excellent : the Zemeendars feared any longer to connect themselves with these secret expeditions, which, indeed, ceased to be profitable, they having on this occasion lost their horses, arms, and plunder. The well-disposed people acquired confidence in Government, and the measures above mentioned being steadily continued, in a few months the country settled down into the most profound tranquillity, which has not since been disturbed by the appearance of a single marauder within the British territory. Having completely put a stop to plundering on the border, whether from our side or from without, and caused the mountaineers themselves to look on further attempts by small parties to invade our territory as hopeless, I proceeded to endeavour to render these hill- men powerless for evil in future. Their chiefs, Islam Khan, Alim Khan, &c,, positively refused to submit to the British Government to acknowledge its supremacy or to forego their lawless life, thinking themselves safe and quite out of reach in their mountain fastnesses. However, I soon discovered that they were in great measure dependent for food on supplies from the plains, principally from our own territory, and from Boordicka. These supplies, with some difficulty, I almost entirely put a stop to, thereby reducing the plundering tribes to distress. Having cut off their food from Scinde, I pro- ceeded to the same on the Cutchee side, and succeeded in doing so, with the exception that occasional convoys 193 reached them from Lharree. They were soon reduced to extremity, but though the poorer families of the Boogtees were suffering from starvation and misery, and came in to surrender to me in an almost famished state, yet their chiefs, in spite of the entreaties of their starving followers, obstinately refused to surrender, and preferred continuing their robber-life. At last the famine could no longer be borne ; no alternative remained but to submit or to obtain food by force : they preferred the latter course, and, assembling as many fighting men as they could, made three separate inroads into that part of Cutchee inhabited by the Khyheerees under our pro- tection. In their assaults on the town of Poolejee, &c. they were repulsed, and on the occasion of the third inroad, they were attacked and almost wholly destroyed, by Lieutenant Merewether : after this they still en- deavoured to make one more effort, but without success. Their friends, so soon as they knew the fearful extent of the disaster which had befallen them, left them to their fate ; still the Boogtee chief did not surrender, and the reports of the robbers again making head for another inroad, although evidently without foundation, in truth, did harm, by causing alarm among the people in the plain. I therefore proceeded to bring matters to a crisis, and managed to have it believed that I was proceeding at once to Deyrah, to seize Islam Khan, &c. This news was carried to Deyrah by their own spies, who reported to Islam Khan that they had seen me in full march towards Deyrah. When this intelligence reached him, the Boogtee at once made up his mind to surrender, but having been informed by a treacherous message from Janadeyra that he ought not to come into me, as I had determined on imprisoning him, and being advised by 19-t these Jekrannees and other parties to surrender to the police at Kusmore, Islam Khan, &c., immediately pro- ceeded to Kusmore, and gave himself up to the Russuldar of Police, Aliff Khan. The system of policy by which my proceedings have been regulated may be comprised in three or four words, common sense, hard labour, perseverance, and watchfulness. These I have at least endeavoured to practice, and the result has been that our own people are perfectly protected from injury to person and property, and also completely prevented from injuring their neighbours. Not an armed man, save the soldiers and policemen of the state, is now ever seen on the border : people go about backwards and forwards between Sinde and Cutchee, even with much valuable property or camels, &c., without a single armed attendant, without fear, and perfectly unmolested. This state of affairs may, I am certain, be perpetuated, with a proper arrangement for guarding the frontier ; but if it be neglected or mismanaged, things will in a very few years be as bad as ever. The Jekrannees at Janadeyra are inveterate marauders : it is an error to suppose that they have really been as yet changed in the least since they have become British subjects ; they continually pine after the stormy and lawless freedom they have lost, and are always on the watch for a renewal of the joys of a robber's life. Many of the Kosahs about are not much better, and the whole, if not carefully watched and strongly controlled, would soon re-establish the syste- matic plundering which so long kept this country in a ferment, and reduced some of the most fertile parts of it to a desert. To maintain the peace and quiet now so happily established on this frontier, it appears to me 195 almost necessary that the control of it should be in one man's hands, and should be his sole, or at least his principal, duties : he should have the command from Kusmore in the Indus, to the extreme Western boundary, the police being wholly withdrawn from the posts, or, if kept there, placed entirely under the orders of the officer commanding the frontier. The frontier officer should have political authority concerning such matters as relate to the safe guarding of the frontier. Magisterial powers over our own subjects to the same extent, and should be the sole channel of communication with the frontier tribes in our immediate neighbourhood. The post of commanding on the frontier is no sinecure, its duties will be quite sufficient to occupy the time of any man, how- ever active of mind and body, and cannot be efficiently performed by the collector or other officer similarly situated, having already a sufficiency of work to perform in his own peculiar line. I have, &c., &c., (Signed) J. JACOB, Major, Commanding S. I. Horse. To Colonel Shaw, Commanding in U. S., Shickarpoor. Letter from Lieut-Col. Outram, C.B., to Major Jacob. 9th November, 1842. SIR, I cannot depart fromSinde without performing my duty to yourself and the corps you command in acknowledging the great obligations I am under to you, to Lieutenants Malcolm and Fitzgerald, and to the Native officers and men of the Sinde Irregular Rus- salla. o 2 196 For the first time within the memory of man, Cutchee and Upper Sinde have been for a whole year entirely free from the irruptions of the hill-tribes, by which villages were annually destroyed, lives and pro- perty sacrificed, and the whole country kept in a state of fever. During the past year the emissaries of our enemies had been unremitting in their exertions to instigate the northern hill-tribes to resume their marauding habits, with a view to disturb our communication with Affghan- istan through Sinde and Cutchee ; and so far succeeded that large bands of freebooters were at one time assem- bled for the purpose, under some of the most noted of their former leaders ; but in vain they strove to effect this object, which were solely counteracted by the in- domitable zeal with which you, your officers and men, so constantly exposed yourselves, especially throughout the hot months, whereby every attempt of the marauders to enter the plains was baffled. The extraordinary vigilance you have exerted, and strict discipline you have maintained, not merely in the Sinde Russuldar, but also among the quotas of Belooch Horse which were under your orders, have deterred the northern tribes from committing themselves in hostility during the late exciting period, in dread of the corps you so ably com- mand. I am bound accordingly to attribute to the Sinde Irregular Horse the profound tranquillity which has been preserved in Upper Sinde and Cutchee ; and I beg you will accept yourself, and convey to your officers and men, my grateful thanks. I have the honour to annex an extract (paragraph 11) from a despatch I addressed to Mr. Secretary Maddox 197 on the 9th ultimo, expressing my obligations to you personally. I have, &c., (Signed) J. OlJTRAM, Pol., Agent in S. and B. Letter from General Sir C. J. Napier to Major Jacob. 6th February, 1845. MY DEAR JACOB, Send home the Chandias with all sorts of butter. As there are no parsnips in Sinde, fair words must do for the present. As the money and parsnips are together, what I give Wullee I must take from the Khan, pro tern. At least send a letter to me by the Teywahg, to tell me the 5,000 cavalry and infantry are coming up as soon as the camels can be hired. Make your moonshee or Alif Khan write this also to Brown's moonshee : add, that the 7th Cavalry arrived at Khanghur on any day convenient. Send this to get into the Boogtee hands ; and in your letter the Persian being a translation of the English only, as if from a different person make any remarks you think right on the great fortification I am going to construct at Deyra, and in this pass, when the troops arrive, unless the Boogtees make salam ; expatiate largely on my benevo- lence and my wishes not to extirpate them. I really do feel very benevolent in that way since the rascally camel-men failed me. I am sadly bothered, and I shall be glad to make honourable terms, especially with Deyra Khan, who is a good fellow with a bad calling, like the apothecary in ' Romeo and Juliet/ The Murrees have just sent me a letter in answer to one of mine, that they are ready to join me and attack the Booartees. I do not think the letter you make up 198 for the Boogtees will do any good. They have been once tricked and forewarned, hut it may give them alarm, and produce good effect, and can do no harm, except five rupees to a cossid. Yours faithfully, (Signed) C. NAPIER. To Major Jacob. Letter from Major Jacob to Captain Browne. 24th February, 1845. SIR, I have the honour to report that the two thieves mentioned in my letter of the 19th February to your address, were hanged yesterday by order of his Highness the Khan of Kelat. I have also the honour to report that several small parties of marauders from the hills have lately made their appearance about Shahpoor ; and on the afternoon of the 2nd instant, a party of these men Jekrannees Boogtees carried off twenty bullocks loaded with grain from the neighbourhood of Syude Hussan Ka Koobah, five miles from Shahpoor. The marauders were pursued by a party of horse from Shahpoor, I believe, without success, but information as to the road the robbers had taken reaching the Poolejee post at night, a party from thence followed them into the hills, came up to them at Kulchat, and recovered the bullocks, with the grain and four buniahs, whom the thieves had carried off. The robbers effected their escape unhurt. I have, &c., (Signed) J. JACOB, Captain, Commanding S. I. Horse. To Captain Browne, Secretary to Government. 199 5th July, 1845. MY DEAR JACOB, I regret, unpleasant as the thing was, the Chupprassee was only doing his duty. General Simpson has, of course, notified to you as well as to the rest of the troops, the duties now leviable on things brought by Sahibs and Sepoys, as they were before on purchases by Sindees ; not a rupee's worth of any- thing can consequently be taken from the town without first settling with the tax-gatherer, either on the spot or at the custom-station, as may be required by the said gentleman. All your man has to do, therefore, is to go to the custom serai, pay the dues, and release the tin. I have no moonshee here to-day, or would send a note with him ; but it is immaterial, as on paying the duty the tin will be given up. I hope now all, both high and low, will be compelled to taste the bitterness of this damned system. The thing will be soon knocked on the head ; indeed, the abolition is now under Sir Charles's consideration, though it is extended to camps meanwhile. Yours truly, (Signed) A. B. RATHBORNE. Letter from Captain Rathborne to Major Jacob. 6th December, 1845. MY DEAR JACOB, Government have now abolished all internal duties, substituting duties import and export into and out of Sinde, as elsewhere in India, with the exception of foreign grain, which, though free in Bombay, 200 pays in Sinde. This man has brought grain from Sub- zulkote foreign territory, and is charged duties for it which is quite correct. Yours truly, (Signed) A. B. RATHBORNE. MEM. Proclamation was made in April 1843, by order of Lord Ellenborough, that all transit duties were hence- forth abolished ; but this was not acted on, and when in December 1845, they were abolished, other duties were imposed in their place, as appears from this Note. MEM. The price of grain at Hyderabad having been raised to 16 seers per rupee, or nearly three times the usual price of Jowaree at that place, the chowderee of the Sinde Irregular Horse Bazaar, brought a number of boat-loads of grain from Subzulcote (Bhawulpoor ter- ritory), they were passed free by the collector, &c., at Sukkur, but at Hyderabad were seized by Captain Rathborne and made to pay import duty. Letter from CaptainRathborne, Collector of Hyderabad, to the Secretary to Government of Sinde. No 791 of 1845. 18th October, 1845. SIR, 1 have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter No. 2,633, forwarding copy of a complaint from Captain Jacob, commanding Sinde Irregular Horse, regarding the levy of taxes at Hyderabad on clothes to be made up into augricas, horse-cloths, and ropes. Regarding the complaint, I beg to report that, as long 201 as town duties exist at Hyderabad, the tax demanded is payable. The conduct of the tax-gatherer, therefore, was correct, and the decision of the deputy collector, Lieu- tenant Stack, in strict accordance with the law. Whether duty might, as Captain Jacob says, with equal propriety be demanded for the coats on the men's backs, as for the cloth they have purchased to make new ones, is a question which it forms no part of my business to enter into ; but with reference to it, I may mention, that it does happen to be the case, that in England and on the Continent, and in India, and at Kurrachee, as well as at Hyderabad, and every town in Sinde, custom-duties are invariably levied on such ma- terials as clothing may be, which are not made up, whether they be for private use or for sale. While customs are not levied on the coats on gentlemen's, or the dresses on ladies', backs in any of these places. I have, &c., (Signed) A. RATHBOKNE, Collector and Magistrate. Hyderabad, 12th October, 1845. NOTE. It will be seen from this letter of Captain Rathborne's that, although transit duties were ordered to be abolished by EUenborough in Sinde, in 1843, they were " invariably levied at every town in Sinde," up to the end of 1845 ; and that goods purchased at Kurrachee, on which heavy duties were paid at that place, were again made to pay duty at Hyderabad and at every other town in Sinde. Captain Bathborne calls the tax in this instance complained of " town duties," but the things seized not only were never taken into the town of Hyderabad, but were never even near it, having been seized at the entrenched camp four miles distant from the town. These taxes were first imposed, by order of Sir C. Napier, in July, 1845. 202 Letter from Major Jacob to Captain Younghusband, Major of Brigade, Hyderabad. 7th July, 1845. Sm, I have the honour to request that you will re- present to General Simpson, with a view to its being brought to the notice of the Government of Sinde, the extreme inconvenience, injury, and oppression, caused to officers and men at Hyderabad by the operation of the tax imposed some days since on everything sold in the various bazaars. In the first place, the price of grain, &c., was already nearly at a famine rate, so that the men could ill bear the burden of this extra tax ; but this is as nothing compared to the evils accruing from the 'manner of collecting it, the same amount might be collected wholesale from the sellers of grain, and other shopkeepers,without one- thousandth part of the vexatious injury caused to individuals by the mode of collecting it now adopted, which I feel certain cannot havebeen ordered by his Excellency the Governor ;* the tax has been farmed out, and every purchaser, be it only of one halfpennyworth of spinage or a single mango, has to proceed to the custom serai pay a per centage on the price, or is seized by the farmer's servants. By this method of proceeding every private servant of the farmer (or any rascal calling himself such, for in general they are not distinguished in any way), has the power of searching the person of every individual who may purchase anything in the bazaar, or whom he may choose to suppose to have done so. Some of my Sepoys have taken a little wheat into the town to be ground after having paid the tax on the purchase of the grain in the first instance, paid the tax again on * It was, however, expressly ordered by Sir C. Napier. 203 entering the town, and after the wheat has been ground, the flour has been seized by the farmer, and only re- leased on a third payment on the same individual article. I know several instances of robberies having been com- mitted by men pretending to be the farmer's servants since this tax came into operation, and the excessive vexation und trouble to which it gives rise are evident. It is enough to drive men frantic, and I am certain the evil only required to be brought to the notice of his Excellency the Governor to be remedied immediately. My native officers and men tell me that our horses got no grain yesterday, the buniahs having shut up their shops in consequence of the proceedings of the tax- farmer and his servants. I have the honour to be, &c., (Signed) JOHN JACOB, Captain of Artillery Commanding S. I. Horse. (Copy.) Letter from Major Jacob to the Major of Brigade, Hyderabad. Hyderabad, 2nd October, 1845. SIR, I have the honour to request that you will bring to the notice of General Simpson (with a view to the prevention of such proceeding in future), the follow- ing case which appears to be one of great hardship to- wards the men of my regiments, the wife of a duffedar, by name, Goolameer Khan, returned from Kurrachee, brought with her for her husband's use, and that of his three bhargheers, some cloth for making regimental augricas, some horse-thools, and some head-and-heel ropes. 204 On the arrival of the woman in the entrenched camp yesterday, these things were seized, and a tax demanded for them in default of paying which the kit was taken away from her and carried off to the town. On my causing the circumstances to be made known to the collector Lieutenant Stack, he replied, that the tax must be paid, which has accordingly been done ; but it appears to me that the collector's decision is unjust, and the goods purchased in the Kurrachee bazaar, not being brought by her for sale, that duty might, with equal propriety, be demanded for the men's coats on their backs, as for the cloth which they have purchased to make them, or for their horses' clothing and head- and-heel ropes. I have, &c., (Signed) JOHN JACOB, Captain of Artillery, Commanding S. I. Horse. Letter from, General Sir C. J. Napier to Major Jacob. 24th August, 1845. MY DEAR JACOB, I have forwarded your scheme, and backed it up ; but not as regards the European officers. It is bad to have officers posted just as a corps is ordered on service, and worse in an irregular corps than in any other. I have recommended that the full complement of officers should be posted, viz., 2 adjutants, 2 subalterns, and 2 assistant surgeons. I have no ob- jections to the 2nd in command taking command of the 2nd regiment when detached ; on the contrary, I think it good, and better than 2nd in commandants, and a commandant-in-chief, which is inconvenient to the 205 service when troops are collected in large bodies. I have, therefore, made no change in this, as my view will add to the cost : I daresay yours will be preferred. I dislike half-officering a corps ; I have had too much experience in forming corps not to know that it is bad ; but, having said so, I did not press my own view upon Sir Henry, because you are likely to outstay me in Sinde, and while you command the regiment, I do not care how it is constituted ; but these things ought to be arranged, not as expedient for the moment, but on a sound basis as to the increased expense. I think that which is most complete is the most economical when speaking of troops. I hope they will give Malcolm the increased pay. Yours, &c., (Signed) C. J. NAPIEE. Letter from General Sir O. J. Napier to Major Jacob. 28th November, 1845. MY DEAE JACOB, The Governor-General, in a letter which I received two days ago, says, speaking of the Scinde Horse : " The 2nd regiment of Scinde Irregular Horse must be a separate regiment, we cannot legalize in Governor- General's Orders such an anomaly as one regiment of eight squadrons of 1,600 swords, but I see no objection to name Major Jacob " (I wish he would make it so as they do 12 o'clock on board ship) "as commandant of the 1st and 2nd regiments of Scinde Local Horse, giving him a 2nd in command to each regiment, one adjutant, and one assistant-surgeon to each regiment. Thus there would be one European officer less than on the ordinary establishment of Bengal, and whenever Major Jacob ceases to command the two regiments, a 206 cammandant would be appointed to each. I pay Major Jacob this compliment on your opinion of his high merits. In every other respect the two regiments, will be organized in strict assimilation of the Bengal Irregular Cavalry. The 2nd regiment will be raised for local service in Scinde, and the variations now existing in the 1st regiment, as compared with a regiment of Bengal Irregular Horse, will be got rid of in a great degree by supplying the officers and non-commissioned officers required for the 2nd regiment by promoting the most deserving characters in the 1st regiment, The various ranks and rates of pay in both the regiments shall be exactly those of the Bengal system, each officer, irre- gular commanding officer, and soldier, and staff, re- ceiving in Scinde the same pay and allowances as the Bengal Irregular Horse now receive under the late Governor-General's orders, relating to increased pay for Scinde. " In the few cases where native officers may now be in the receipt of higher pay than the Bengal rates, the excess will continue to be paid as a sepa- rate item in the pay-lists, until such officer be other- wise disposed of. Faith will be kept, and this regiment will receive a reward in the monopoly of promotion, which will render all these arrangements perfectly easy. For instance, six Russuldars and two Jemadars will have their salaries raised, the first, from 150 rupees to 200 rupees, and the latter from 75 rupees to 200 rupees. The Jemadars will also get three steps of rank, as they will pass over the Russaidars and Naib Russuldars, and will at once be made Russuldars. Eight other Jemadars will be made Russaidars with 107 rupees instead of 75 rupees. I have already alluded to the cases of exception, and the Russuldar Major on a salary of 250, 207 will remain a supernumerary, until he vacates his rank when no successor will be appointed." So this affair is settled both are to be local corps, and he is very much afraid of their families joining them, he says the Madras regiments have between Jive and six thousand women with each regiment ; when I say women, I mean relatives of the soldiers wives, children, sisters, &c. I do not see any fear of this while you are with the regiment, but I quite agree with the Governor-General that this evil may grow up in the Bombay army, as well as in that of Madras, and as it renders an army useless, it should be watched. But I have answered this by saying, that, by the Scinde Horse families being at Hyderabad as their fixed head-quarters, the regiment can and always will move without women. He says in a postscript : " As this additional regiment of Scinde Horse will be on the Bombay establishment, I must communicate with the Bombay Government before I put it in orders." If you can enlist your men, I think if they send us anywhere, you will have a good command of cavalry before 1846 is out. You are now the real commander of the whole, and everything centres in you, in fact the two regiments form the two wings of one regiment which takes all its orders from the chief. You should give nothing to the 2nd except as the 2nd in command, and when detached, then make over detachment to him, but hold all in your own hands till then, and resume it on his return. By doing this at once there can be no trouble : do not give up your regimental command or you may create ill-feeling in retaking it ; but none can exist if you keep your present ground exactly as you are. I should go further I would order your two seconds to fall in sometimes in command of one regi- 208 ment, sometimes of another, by which the corps would be only two regiments in name. Number your "troops " right through from 1 to 16, and fall in thus mixed, so if you choose you can easily keep it as one regiment in reality, though two in name, and if you like to give more unity, I will order them to be called " Jacob's Scinde Horse," which, in fact, is correct, for they are not to be united except while under you. I am half inclined to order you to recruit at once ***** Yours sincerely, (Signed) C. J. NAPIER. Letter from Capt' Goldney to Lieut -Col. Forbes. 8th August, 1846. SIR, I beg to report, for your information, that in obedience to His Excellency's instructions, I have issued notices that a reward of 10 rupees will be paid for every Boogtee prisoner delivered to your frontier posts, May I request that you will intimate the same to the officers commanding the outposts, both native and European, lest any untoward circumstance should occur in the receipt of the prisoners or the payment or certifi- cate for payment of the stipulated reward to damp the zeal of our borderers. I have, &c., (Signed) P. GOLDNEY, Captain, Collector and Magistrate, [True copy.] (Signed) J. HUNTEK, Lieutenant and Staff Officer. [True copy.] (Signed) JOHN JACOB, Major, Commanding Frontier of Upper Sinde. * [TRANSLATION.] Proclamation by Major Goldney, Collector and Magis- trate, Shikarpoor Depot. 8th August, 1846. KNOW all men, living in the British territory of Sinde, that it has become necessary to make arrangements for keeping off the Boogtees, and other mountain robbers, and putting a stop to their robberies. Wherefore it is hereby ordered that whoever will sieze any of the Boogtee mountaineers and deliver them to the British horsemen shall receive a reward of ten rupees for each man of the mountaineers so seized and delivered up. 209 Letter from General Hunter to Major Jacob. 19th January 1487. MY DEAR JACOB, I have had both your letters : the first I answered through Forbes, I hope to your satis- faction. That received to-day I will answer by sending you a letter rather a few remarks by the Governor, on what you had written to me, which I made known to His Excellency. I am writing about the Kosahs, and others on the frontier, going about armed. I never approved of that measure, but there was so bad a look- out kept by the officers on the outposts since the third cavalry has been there, that it was absolutely necessary for the protection of the inhabitants that they should be armed. I am aware it led to many evils, and gave the people a wandering inclination after plunder which greatly induced the Boogtees to disturb us. I will now propose the old order of things, that no one shall carry arms, and that those found shall be forfeited, your arrangements being quite enough to protect the culti- vators and others if they do not cross the desert. The murder you mention is horrid, but I don't know that we can interfere in it, however, we shall have the Governor's notion on the point very shortly. I am sure he will be very angry at the report sent in of the loss of the camels, and not without reason. The fact is, these parties have been moving so often that there seemed no end of guards, and they were given up ; but that was very wrong ; some arrangements ought to have been made to render fewer escorts necessary. I am suffering still a deal of pain from my arm, and know not what to do with it, twenty-one years past p 210 yesterday since I was hurt, and still to be bothered is worth the pension I get. Believe me yours, (Signed) G. HUNTER. As soon as the 18th get up to Shikarpoor I will send your party out to you, but don't like to have so few men at that post, though I dare say no one will get there ; yet a few horsemen will be useful, the 7th have so many men detached. Send me a return of the strength of all posts as you have now fixed them. (Signed) G. HUNTER. Letter from General Hunter to Captain Goldney. 25th November, 1846. Sm, I have been furnished by the Secretary to the Government of Sinde with a copy of Lieutenant Hamil- ton's report No. 86, of the 12th ultimo, to you of certain Jekranees and Kosahs having crossed the desert on a foray against the Boogtees in direct opposition to the orders given by you. His Excellency the Governor has directed me to dispose of this matter as T may deem best. You are aware of my objections to those people returning to their old habits of a wandering life, from which no good can come. I will therefore thank you to have made known to their chiefs that this time I will not visit their disobedience of orders with any punish- ment, but to warn them if such conduct is again brought to my notice, the arms will be taken from their tribe, and those found guilty will be immediately seized and sent prisoners to Kurrachee. I have, &c., (Signed) G. HUNTER. 211 Letter from General Hunter to Major Jacob. 28th January, 1847. MY DEAR JACOB, I have yours of the 25th, in which you don't seem to blame Durryah Khan for the bad con- duct of his people as you do in your note to Forbes of the same date, which he received here yesterday, though I only got mine to-day, with one of the 24th, supposing your conference with Durryah had changed, your opinion as to his guilt. I have not sent on that letter to Forbes. Sir Charles put yours to my address, which clearly brings out what I have always said, that these chaps should not cross the desert, or to have their own habitation at Janadeyra. I shall not wait longer for permission to disarm the Jekranees and Kosahs, and authorize you immediately to do so, and secure all that you can tif those now out, and send them here prisoners. This has been a sore subject to me for long, as you will observe by a copy of a letter I wrote to Captain Goldney in November, Where Mr. Hamilton is, or whatever he does, I am not aware, he is under the collector, so I have no direct communication with him ; but his post is Janadeyra, and there he is not, so I shall report him. I am quite satisfied with your arrangement for the outposts, and hope before the hot weather commences all will be quiet, that you may not have to turn out much. The seizing a lot of those disobedient Lootoo Jekranees, and sending them to Kurrachee, will do a great deal to restore peace to the frontier, because the others will keep quiet. I have a great deal of writing just now all the inspection of reports, &c., so excuse this and Believe me yours, &c. (Signed) G. HUNTER. p 2 212 Send the Jekrannees in the first place in irons to Younghusband (he has a good jail), till I can get arrange- ments made for their future disposal. (Signed) G. HUNTER. Letter from General Hunter to Major Jacob. January 31, 1847 MY DEAR JACOB, I have both yours of this day, and I am really glad that you have caught these fifteen chaps; their remaining in gaol till I hear from Sir Charles will be a lesson to the others of the tribe. Since I have commanded here I have always considered that we have been more plundered by our own subjects along the frontier, and the people of Boordeka, than we have ever been by the Boogtees, or Jekranees, and Doomkees under Beejah Khan, and really since the two latter tribes have become our subjects, I doubt if their hands have been a bit less occupied in their trade of picking and stealing than when they were our enemies. Do you warn them that the same order will be out as two years ago in Captain Salter's time, when I directed every suspicious chap, Kosah, or any other, to be sent into Bukkur fort, when they had half filled it all was quiet on the frontier. I am well aware of the sad wickedness at Thool, and through the whole of Ali Morad's country, on which subject I wrote to Sir Charles a few days ago. Do with the mares and arms as you please. I wish you to give it out that if any one will prove the sheep and cattle to be his, they will be restored. I think it not at all unlikely that they were plundered in either our own or Ali Morad's country, there were several trials in Mr, 213 Hamilton's court, in the hot weather, on Boordees, who had stolen Jekranees cattle in their possession, who were bound to give them up, and should also be restored if the proper owners are found. f I have not got your official yet, but will, I suppose, to- morrow, the Governor writes to me he is not to be Com- mander-in-Chief of Bombay. Believe me, Yours, &c., (Signed) G. HUNTER. Page 123. May, 1848. IN the year 1844 a great number of poor people, peasantry residing in the villages on the frontier, British subjects and those of H. H. Meer Ali Moorad, were unfortunately killed and wounded by the 6th Regi- ment Bengal Irregular Cavalry, then stationed at Khanghur, on the frontier of Upper Sinde, who mis- took them for enemies. In the year 1847, some of the surviving sufferers com- plained to Major Jacob, who took their depositions (made on oath before him as magistrate), and brought the matter to the notice of Government, with a view to the granting of pensions to the poor people who had been wounded. In May, 1848, the reply of Government was received, and the pensions applied for were granted. The following papers show details of this business : 214 Major Jacob to Colonel Shaw. September 16, 1847. SIR, I have the honour to forward the accompanying petition from Meerub and Yaroo, two Kosah Sowars in British pay, begging for some compensation from Government for a number of relations of theirs who were disabled by wounds received from British troops, who mistook them for robbers. I also beg leave to for- ward herewith the statement of some of the parties con- cerned as to what happened on that occasion. I beg leave to observe that I was very unwilling to have anything to say to this business, but, as it appears to me that these people have a right to petition Government on the subject in question, I did not feel justified in refusing to receive their statements with regard to the matter, more especially as unless some- thing be done for them before the departure of his Ex- cellency our Governor, it is not likely that any provision will be made for them, or their claims attended to here- after. I have, &c., (Signed) JOHN JACOB, Major, Commanding S. I. H. To Colonel Shaw, Commanding in U. Sinde. STATEMENT of certain Kosah husbandmen, claiming some compensation from Government for injuries re- ceived from men of the 6th Regiment Bengal Irregular Cavalry when stationed at Khanghur, made on oath at the request of the deponents at Khanghur, on the 13th September, 1847, before Major Jacob, magistrate, in Sinde. 215 Meerul Kosah being duly sworn, stated, that about three years ago Captain Mackenzie, then commanding the Kussala (6th Regiment Bengal Irregular Cavalry) at Khanghur, sent for him and ordered him to go out and get information about " Lootoos :" witness went out and found a number of Doomkee and Jekranee robbers at Doodaika, this he immediately reported to Captain Mackenzie, who rode forth with his regiment. Witness and Yaroo Kosah accompanying him as guides, witness found the Lootoos on the Jamree and Bumbool Nullahs, and pointed them out to Captain Mackenzie. Abdoola Khan Khyheeree, with thirty Kosah friends and relations of witness, inhabitants of the village of Goonia, &c., at this time had come near where the " Lootoos" were collected for the purpose of receiving their cattle, which had been carried off by the robbers, and were firing at them, when Captain Mackenzie and the Sirkars horsemen approached : the robbers ran away. They, the robbers, were in number about 500, all mounted, Jakranee, Doomkies, and Boogtees. Abdoola Khan Khyheere left the Kosahs and went with Captain Mackenzie, who proceeded in pursuit of the robbers ; shortly afterwards Captain Mac- kenzie's rear-guard, consisting of forty or fifty Sowars, came up and charged the thirty Kosahs and thirty-one Jutts, sixty-one in all, who had come out to recover their cattle ; the Kosahs, &c., called out they were the Sirkars, poor ryots, on which the Sowars ordered them to throw away their arms, which they did. When every weapon had been thrown away, the Sowars ordered the men to sit down : they were then ordered by the Sowars to lie down, which was also complied with, when the Sowars began killing them all with 216 swords, spears, and guns ; when all were supposed to be dead, the Sowars came among the bodies and asked if any one was alive, and called on them if so, to speak, and they should be saved and taken care of ; two or three men, hearing this, raised themselves up, but imme- diately had their throats cut by the Sowars ; thirty-one men were killed outright ; but thirty, who were all dread- fully wounded, lay still, were supposed to be dead, and are now alive although crippled for life. Witness did not see all this himself, having been on in advance with Captain Mackenzie : twenty of the wounded men are relations of witnesses living in his village, twelve of them are now present outside. While this was going on, all the Lootoos had fled out of sight ; but Captain Mackenzie fell in with a body of about one hundred and fifty Boordees and other subjects of Meer Ali Morad, who on hearing the alarm of Lootoos, had come out from Goolamee and other neigh- bouring villages to assist in repelling the robbers ; on seeing the Sowars troops were out and the robbers gone, these Boordees, &c., were returning towards their homes, they had reached the village of Goolamee, and had gone into or among their houses and huts, when Captain Mac- kenzie came up and ordered the Sowars to kill them in their huts, and killed sixty-four men and wounded others. The Sowars then carried off all the property they could find, and departed. Witness was present and saw what happened with the party which Captain Mackenzie commanded in person. When the killing of the Boordees was finished, some Khyheerees came up from the rear and told witness that Sowars had been killing his (witness's) brethren, the Kosahs. Witness described what had been told him to Captain Mackenzie, 217 who ordered him not to speak in that way that the men who were killed were Lootoos. Witness replied, that not one Lootoo had been killed ; that they had all fled long before, and that Captain Mackenzie and his men had been killing none but honest men, the Sirkar's ryots. Witness then went back to the place where the Kosahs and Jutts had been killed, and removed the wounded men who were still alive, to their homes, afterwards burying the dead. ( Witness withdraws.) Lall Bux, has four severe wounds, cuts on his hand and body. Baug Ali, wounded in eighteen places, quite disabled and crippled for life ; lost the use of one arm, and one leg, both nearly cut off. Neehall, has nine severe wounds with sword and spear. Jummiall, wounded in three places. Mullicdad, wounded in six places. Summana, wounded in eight places. Syad Khan, wounded in four places. Beyda, wounded in two places. Moreed, wounded in two places. Jarroo, wounded in two places. Mussoo, wounded in two places. Hyroo Khan, eleven bad wounds, open and very painful. These men are all Kosahs, inhabitants of Meerul Kagote, near Meerpoor, and are British subjects. The men whose names are given above are those stated by Meerul Kosah to be waiting outside ; they 218 were examined each separately on oath by Major Jacob, at Khanghur, on the 13th September, 1847. All their depositions were alike, and agree with the statement of Meerul Kosah ; they state that they belonged to the party of Kosahs and Jutts, who were cut up by the rear-guard of the 6th Regiment Irregular Cavalry, and each man's narrative given separately on oath, exactly agrees in -substance with the statement made by Meerul Kosah, given above. The men are wounded as mentioned opposite their respective names, and are all more or less crippled, some of them dread-- fully so. Deposed on oath before me, at Khanghur, on the 13th September, 1847. (Signed) J. JACOB, Major, Magistrate. Letter from Captain Browne to the Officer commanding in Upper Sinde. 27th September, 1847. SIR, I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter No. 463, of the 18th instant, and enclosures ; and, in reply, to inform you that his Excellency the Governor would wish you, after serving the parties you refer to, to report what amount of subsistence or compensation, with reference to the nature of the injuries sustained by them, you consider should be granted to them by Government. I have, &c., (Signed) G. BROWNE, Secretary to Sinde Government. 219 Letter from Captain Browne to Major Jacob. 3rd May, 1848. SIR, I have the honour, by direction of the Com- missioner, to transmit copy of a despatch from the Secretary to Government, Bombay, No. 1,661, dated the 24th ultimo, relative to the claim preferred on behalf of certain subjects of the British Government, who were wounded by a detachment of British troops, in the year 1844, under the wrong impression that they were ene- mies ; and to request you will state what the scale laid down for Irregular Cavalry is ; and whether that or the one recommended by you for these parties is more liberal. I have, &c., (Signed) G. BEOWNE, Secretary to Government. Letter from Secretary Malet to the Commissioner in Sinde. 24th April, 1848. SIR, With reference to your letter dated the 17th January last, No. 109, relative to the grant of compen- sation to certain Kosahs stated to have been disabled by wounds received in 1844 in an engagement with British troops, who mistook them for enemies, I am directed by the Right Honourable the Governor in council to trans- mit, for your information and guidance, copy of my letter to the address of the Secretary to the Government of India, dated the 17th ultimo, No. 51, together with that 220 officer's reply, dated the 7th instant, No. 87, on the subject. I have, &c., (Signed) A. MALET, Chief Secretary. Letter from Secretary Malet to Secretary Elliot. 17th March, 1848. SIR, I am directed by the Honourable the Governor in Council to transmit to you, for submission to the Right Honourable the Governor-General of India in Council, copy of a letter from the Commissioner in Sinde, dated the 30th October last, No. 3,241, relative to a claim for compensation preferred on behalf of cer- tain parties stated to have been disabled by wounds received, in the year 1844, in an engagement with British troops, who mistook them for enemies. 2nd. It having been considered that Major Jacob, commanding Sinde Irregular Horse would, from his position and knowledge of the circumstances of this unfortunate case, be the party most competent to advise Government as to the nature and amount of compensa- tion which it might be proper to afford to these claim- ants, the Commissioner in Sinde was requested to call upon that officer for his opinion on the question ; and a copy of the statement submitted by Major Jacob, with reference to the above call, is herewith forwarded. 3rd. In soliciting the instructions of his Lordship in Council on this application, I am directed to state, that the grant of pensions to these Kosahs, according to the 221 scale laid down for Irregular Cavalry, will, in the opinion of the Governor in Council, be sufficient. I have, &c., (Signed) A. MALET, Chief Secretary. Letter from Secretary Elliot to the Chief Secretary. 7th April, 1848. SIR, I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter dated the 17th ultimo, No. 51, relative to a claim for compensation preferred on behalf of certain subjects of the British Government and of Ali Morad, who were wounded by a detachment of British, in the year 1844, under the wrong impression that they were enemies ; and with reference to the inquiry as to the scale of pensions to be granted to these men, I have the honour to inform you, that of two scales proposed namely, Major Jacob's and the scale laid down for Irregular Cavalry the Governor- General in Council sanctions the adoption of the most liberal. I have, &c., (Signed) H. M. ELLIOT, Secretary to the Government of India. [True copy.] (Signed) A. MALET, Chief Secretary. [True copies.] (Signed) G. BROWNE, Secretary to the Government of Sinde. 222 Letter from Major Jacob to Crtptain Browne. 10th May, 1848. SIR, I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, No. 1,164, of the 3rd May, 1848, to my address, with accompaniment. In reply, I have the honour to state that I am not aware of any scale of pension established for men of the Irregular Cavalry under the circumstances. In the regulations of the Bombay Army there is no scale of pension laid down for men of the Irregular Cavalry, with the exception of those who belonged to Colonel Skinner's original Hindostanee Russalla. For these the pension allowed is seven rupees a-month for a private Silidar, and five for a Bhargheer. Pensions for wounds hitherto granted to men of the Irregular Cavalry of the Bombay army have been, I believe, always granted" as special cases. I am, therefore, quite unable to say whether the scale of pensions recom- mended by me for the wounded Kosahs be more liberal than that laid down for Irregular Cavalry. From the allusion to pensions to Irregular Cavalry, it appears to me that possibly Government may have supposed that the Kosahs cut up by the 6th Irregulars, now petitioning for pension, were horsemen of some kind in British employ ; but if this impression exists, it is erroneous : the men were the common peasantry of the country ; and the rates of pension recommended by me were pro- portioned to the degree in which the injuries received by each individual appeared to prevent him from earning his bread by daily labour, and to the price of the neces- saries of life in the country. I have, &c., (Signed) J. JACOB, Major, Pol. Sup. on the Frontier of U. Sinde. 223 Letter from Secretary Courtney to the Commissioner in Sinde. 28th March, 1849. SIR, I am desired to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, dated 31st January last, No. 253, and to inform you that under the authority of the Government of India, the Right Honourable the Governor in Council is pleased to grant Beyla Khan Khyheeree a life-pension of four rupees per mensem, in consideration of the wounds received by him in 1844, from a detachment of British troops under a wrong impression. 2. The payment of the pension in question is to com- mence from the same date as that granted to the Kosahs under the same circumstances as recommended by Major Jacob. I have, &c., (Signed) W. COURTNEY, Acting Secretary to Government. (True copy.) (Signed) PRINGLE, Commissioner in Scinde. Letter from Major Goldney to Major Jacob. 25th August, 1848. SIR, I do myself the honour to enclose herewith a letter from the Secretary to the Commissioner, regard- ing an allowance to certain wounded Kosahs, as recom- mended by yourself. 2. I should feel greatly obliged, as you are acquainted with the parties, if you would be kind enough to ascer- tain if all those mentioned in the original list are alive, and by your causing them to assemble at Khanghur, in 22-t order that they may be identified by the Kardar who has been directed to attend on you whenever you should require him to do so. 3. After these men have been once identified, it will be necessary for them to proceed on the 5th of each month to the Kardar who has instructions to disburse to them on that date their allowance for the preceding month. 4. Be good enough to return the enclosures now for- warded. 5. The allowance of these pensioners will commence from the 1st instant. I have, &c., (Signed) P. GOLDNEY, Major, Collector. Referred to in the annexed certificate (original here- with appended), certified that Hyroo-Kosah is now under my charge for the cure of a severe wound of long standing ; he is not in a fit state to be moved from the hospital, and is in fact almost helpless from the effect of this and other wounds said by him to have been re- ceived at the same time. (Signed) S. M. FELLY, Assistant Surgeon, 1st Regiment S. I. H. (Signed) J. JACOB, Major, Commanding S. I. Horse. 225 Names of certain Kosahs wounded by mistake, by a detachment of the British Troops, with description of their wounds, and the compensation recommended to be granted to the sufferers by Government. Khanghur, 23rd December, 1849. Names. Beddah . Samanah Lall Bux Mallikaar Nehall . Moreed . Suggah , Syedhoo Jamaul Jaddah . Jamoo . Dulleel . Shere Khan. Pandahee . Mussoo . Kamroo Jaiwo Number and Description of Wounds. One sabre cut on the head, and one on the thumb. One sabre cut on the head, and two on the left shoulder. Two sabre cuts on the left shoulder, one on the nose and one on the left knee. Four sabre cuts on the left part of theback and on the right ankle. Four sabre cuts on the right arm, one on the back and one on the right temple. One sabre cut on the left shoulder, and one on the right arm. One sabre cut on the left shoulder, three on the back and one on the neck. One sabre cut on the back of the neck, and one on the left knee. Three sabre cuts on the left shoulder. One sabre cut on the left shoulder, and one on wrist of left arm : is entirely disabled and lost to the man. A very severe cut on the head, and one on the right shoulder. One gun-shot through the right shoulder, and one sabre cut on left shoulder, and on left wrist. One sabre cut on the head, one on wrist, and one on right leg : rendered quite crawling cripple. One sabre cut on the left arm . Gun-shot through the side, and one sabre cut on the forehead ; fingers of the left hand ruined. One sabre cut on the left elbow, and one on the head. One gun-shot wound through the left knee. One sabre cut on the left wrist, one slight on the head. Compensation recom- mended by Major Jacob, commanding Sinde Irregular Horse. Pension for life at 4rups.permonth. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto, 7 ditto. Ditto, 4 ditto. Ditto. Ditto, 7 ditto. Ditto, 4 ditto. Ditto, 7 ditto. Ditto, 4 ditto. Ditto. Ditto. 226 Letter from Commissioner Pringle to Major Jacob. llth April, 1849. SIR, With advertance to your letter, No. 29, of the 28th January last, recommending the grant of pension to Beyla Khyheeree, in consideration of the wounds received by him in 1844 from a detachment of British troops under a wrong impression, I have the honour to transmit for your information copy of a letter, No. 1,350, of the 28th March, 1849, from Mr. Acting Secretary Courtney, containing the sanction of Government to a life-pension of rupees, four per mensem, to the party in question, to commence from the same date as the pensions granted to the Kosahs under the same circum- stances. You will be good enough to communicate to Beyla Khan the decision of Government in his favour. I have, &c., (Signed) R. K. PRINGLE, Commissioner in Scinde. 24th April, 1849. SIR, I have the honour to inform you that, as re- commended in your letter, No. 102 of the 17th instant, the collector of Shikarpoor has been directed to disburse the monthly amount of pension payable to Beyla Khan Khyheeree from his treasury, and to forward the same regularly to you for transmission to the parties. I have, &c., (Signed) R. K. PRINGLE, Commissioner in Scinde. 227 28th January, 1850. SIR, I have the honour to request that you will state, for the information of Government, from what date the pensions to the Khyheerees and Kosah hus- bandmen, who were cut up by the 6th Regiment Bengal Irregular Cavalry, near Khanghur in 1844, have been paid, whether from the date of their receiving their wounds or from the date of the Government sanction to the payments. I have, &c., (Signed) R K. PRINGLE, Commissioner in Scinde. Letter from Major Jacob to the Commissioner in Svnde, 2nd February, 1850. SIR, I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, No. 108, of the 28th January, 1850, to my address, and in reply to state that the payment of the pensions to the men in question commenced from the 1st August, 1848, after the receipt of the orders of Government on the subject by the collector of Shikarpoor. I have, &c., (Signed) J. JACOB, Major, Commanding Scinde Irregular Horse. 228 Letter from Commissioner Malet to Sir R. K. Pringle. 15th March, 1850. SIR, In acknowledging the receipt of your letter, No. 267, dated the 1 1th ultimo, I am directed to inform you that the Right Honourable the Governor in Council authorizes payment of the pensions of the Kosah suf- ferers therein alluded to from the 24th March, 1844, the date on which it became due. I have, &c., (Signed) A. MALET, Chief Secretary. 21st March, 1850, Pol. Department. FORWARDED, for the information and guidance of the Political Superintendent on the Frontier of Upper Sinde, with reference to his letter, No. 21, dated 2nd ultimo. (Signed) R. K. PRINGLE, Commissioner in Scinde. Letter from Lieutenant Farrington to Major Jacob. 2nd April, 1850. SIR, With reference to your letter, No. 48, of 1850, I do myself the honour to inform you that the arrears due to the Kosah pensioners have been paid up to this day in my presence. 2. The amount due to Beyla Khan Khyheeree is 229 still with me, he not having made his appearance ; may I request the favour of your causing his attendance. I have, &c., (Signed) FARRINGTON, Lieut. Officiating Collector in Upper Scinde. 14th June, 1850. SlK, With reference to your letter, No. 88, dated the 7th instant, with accompaniments on the subject of a petition from certain persons who had been cut up by mistake by our troops, I have the honour to request you will have the goodness to inform me whether this was on the same occasion as gave rise to the claim of those persons for whom pensions were sanctioned in Mr. Chief Secretary Malet's letter, No. 2,575, dated 23rd June, 1848, and, if so, that you will favour me with your opinion as to the amount of compensation which should be assigned to the present claimants. It would also be desirable to prevent a repetition of applications of this nature, that inquiries should be in- stituted as to the whole number of sufferers on the occasion referred to, in order that any cases which may still remain may receive consideration at the same time as these. I have, &c., (Signed) R. K. PRINGLE, Commissioner in Sinde. 230 7th June, 1850. Sherma, wife of Seeram Boordee, formerly living near Goolamee in British territory. Nurverdee, wife of Sungur Boordee, formerly living near Goolamee in British territory. Doombah Suddoora Mehrab . Kurrum Khan Kahooree . living on the Pucka Nulla, near Goolamee. Saheedad .... Nawaub .... Janee The persons above mentioned appeared before Major Jacob, Political Superintendent on the frontier of Upper Sinde, at Khanghur, on the 7th June, 1850, and being examined, state, that about 6 years ago, when Captain Mackenzie was at Khanghur with his Russala, the 6th Bengal Irregular Cavalry, a large party of mounted robbers came and carried off much cattle from the neighbourhood of Pucka, Goolamee, &c. The villagers took arms and pursued, to endeavour to recover their property. They were about 38, in all 36 men, and 2 women, had proceeded accordingly about two coss from Goolamee, when Captain Mackenzie's horsemen, who were out in pursuit of the robbers, came up to them, and called out to them to throw down their arms, which they immediately did, the horsemen then fell on them, killed fifteen of the men, and severely wounded the eight men and two women now present : three men of the party, not now present, ran away, and escaped unhurt. The women had accompanied the party to carry water 231 for the men : all the persons above mentioned agree in this statement. (Signed) J. JACOB, Major, Pol. Sup. on the Frontier of U. S. Letter from Major Jacob to Sir R. K. Pringle. 25th June, 1850. Sm, In compliance with the instructions contained in your letter, No. 1638, of the 14th June, 1850, to my address, I have the honour to report, that I caused it to be notified through the district of Mobaruckpoor, &c., that all persons having claim on the British Government, for compensation for wounds received from our troops, on the occasion referred to, in August, 1844, should appear before me to prefer their petitions. The persons are mentioned in the accompanying list accordingly, and these comprise, as far as I can learn, the whole of the remaining sufferers on the occasion in question. The statement of all these persons agree, as to the circumstances, time, and manner, in which their wounds were received, and these statements are exactly similar to those formerly made by the Kosahs and others now enjoying pensions from Government, wherefore it is, I presume, unnecessary to repeat them here. With regard to the amount of pension to be granted to these poor people, I should recommend that they receive a monthly allowance, as specified opposite each man's name in the accompanying roll. I have, &c., (Signed) J. JACOB, Major, Pol. Sup. on the Frontier of Upper Sinde. 232 ( -ertified that I have examined the persons whose names are borne on this roll, and find that they have been wounded as specified opposite their respective names. (Signed) J. G. MACKENZIE, Assistant Surgeon, 1st Regiment, S. I. Horse. 2nd October, 1850. SIR, I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, No. 1,447, dated the 7th ultimo, and to inform you that the Right Honourable the Governor in Council sanctions the payment of the additional pensions to the Kosah sufferers, enumerated in the list submitted with your previous communication, dated the 3rd ult., No. 1,282, from the 24th March, 1844, the date on which they became due, amounting in the aggregate to eleven hundred and forty rupees per mensem. I have, &c., (Signed) J. G. LUMSDEN, Secretary to Government. 233 List of persons who appeared before Major Jacob, Political Superintendent, on the Frontier of Upper Sinde, at Khdnghur, on the 25th June 1850, to petit ion for Pension from the British Government, on account of wounds received in August 1844,_/rom men of the 6th Regiment Bengal Irregular Cavalry, who mistook them for enemies. Names. Residence. 1 Amount of Monthly Pension recom- mended. Nature of injuries received. . s. d. Wulleea . Mobaruck- 25 200 Presents several cicatrices, poor. as of sword wounds no impairment of function. Wurrea . Ditto . . 30 300 Cicatrice of sword wound on right shoulder and arm partial loss of function of the limb. Brahim . Ditto . . 30 1 One wound on the right hand no loss of motion, &c. Sahibdad . Ditto . . 30 400 Keceived severe sword cut over right shoulder and scalp partial loss of right upper extremity. Pullea . Ditto . . 30 1 Keceived slight flesh wound on right fore arm. Izzut . . Ditto . . 35 200 Received a sword cut on the back of the right thigh, but slight impairment o/ the function of the limb. Dahim Ditto . . 25 100 Cicatrice of a sword cut on the outside of right arm no loss of motion. Suddeek . Ditto . . 25 200 Wound of right hand partial loss of use of two fingers. Datum . Ditto . . 30 1 Wound of scalp, and on the inside of the right leg no appreciable loss of motion, &c. Hyat . . Ditto . . 50 400 Presents three deep cica- trices on the back of left shoulder partial loss of motion of the left upper extremity. Kurrum . Ditto . . 40 1 Cicatrix of gun-shot wound over right knee joint suffers no impairment of motion of the limb. Buksha . Ditto . . 30 1 Cicatrix of sword cut over right fore-arm no loss of motion. R List of Persons who petitioned for Pensions, Sfc. continued. ) Amount >> of Monthly Names. Residence. 1 Pension Nature of injuries received. recom- mended. ~. 8 .d. Noor . Mobaruck- 30 200 Gun-shot wound of the left poor. leg partial loss of the use N of the limb. Dinna Ditto . . 60 1 Slight wound of the neck and left upper extremity no lesion of function. Wuzzeer . Meyah-ke- Gote. 40 1 Spear wound of right leg no loss of motion. Saidoo Mobaruck- 35 400 Wounds of right arm and poor. hand function of the Soda . . Ditto . . 60 400 wounded part unimpaired. Received severe wound of left shoulder and arm extremity of the right thumb amputated by sword cut partial loss of motion of left hand and right arm. Azmut Ditto . . 45 200 Slight wound of the chest and left fore-arm partial lesion of function of the left hand. Peer Maho- Ditto . . 40 1 Slight wound of left leg. med. Meerza . Ditto . . 35 100 Received a wound on left fore-arm. Pukkeea . Goouea 60 400 Severe wound of right fore- armloss of motion of the right hand. Deenoo . Mobaruck- 50 200 Wound of left forefinger poor. partial loss of motion. Deengana Ditto . . 31 1 Wound on left fore-arm. Jam . . Ditto . . 45 i 4 Dislocation of left elbow joint arm useless. Summa . Ditto . 30 300 Wound of the left fore-arm gun-shot wound of both thighs partial loss of function. Hoonnut . Ditto . 30 1 Wounded over right arm gun-shot wound of right thigh no lesion of the function of the part. Sawun . i Goonea 30 1 Slight wound over left arm 1' and scalp. Ditto . . 30 100 Very slight flesh wound on left forefinger, and the right heel. (Signed) JOHN JACOB, Major, Commanding Frontier of Upper Sinde. V - - /' RETURN TO the circulation desk ot any University of California Library or to the NORTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY Bldg. 400, Richmond Field Station University of California Richmond, CA 94804-4698 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS 2-month loans may be renewed by calling (510)642-6753 1-year loans may be recharged by bringing books to NRLF Renewals and recharges may be made 4 days prior to due date. DUE AS STAMPED BELOW SENT ON ILL AU6 2 3 2000 U. C. BERKELEY 12,000(11/95) L YC 41108 512649 & , 02. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY $JK*