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HISTOEY of the EISE and INFLU- ENCE of the SPIRIT of RATIONALISM in EUROPE. 2 vols, crown 8vo. 16s. LEWES'S (G. H.) The HISTOEY of PHILOSOPHY, from THALES to COMTE. 2 vols. 8vo. 32s. LUBBOCK'S (Sir JOHN) The OEIGIN of CIVILISATION and the PRIMITIVE CONDITION of MAN. 8vo. Woodcuts, 18s. MAY'S (Sir T. EESKINE) The CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY of ENGLAND since the ACCESSION of GEORGE III. 1760-1870. 3 vols, crown 8vo. 18s. MEEIV ALE'S (DEAN) HISTOEY of the EOMANS under the EMPIRE. Cabinet Edition, 8 vols, post 8vo. 48s. Cheap Edition. 8 vols. 3s. 6^. each. London : LONGMANS, GEEEN, & CO. New York: 15 East 16"' Street. RoGETS Thesaurus THESAURUS OF ENGLISH WORDS AND PHRASES CLASSIFIED AND ARRANGED SO AS TO FACILITATE THE EXPRESSION OF IDEAS AND ASSIST IN LITERARY COMPOSITION BY PETEE MAEK |10GET, M.D., F.E.S. Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians ; Member of the Senate of the University of London : of the Literary and Philosophical Societies &e. of Manchester, Liverpool, Bristol, Quebec, New York, Haarlem, Turin, and Stockholm : Author of the ' Bridgewater Treatise on Animal and Vegetable Physiology ' &c. 'It is impossible we should th-yro-.tghly ^uncLr stand th^ nc.i".-'e of (l.e signs unless we Jirsi properly consider and arrange the things signified ' ' *" ' *E5rea TlTepozvra. Enlarged and Improved, partly from the Author's NoteSj and with a full Index BY JOHN LEWIS ROaET NEW EDITION LONDON LONGMANS, GEEEN, AND CO. AND NEW YOEK : 15 EAST 16* STKEET 1894 All rights reserved *alMl OS Om FRANK H PROBERT MkNiNii ObPl. PEBFACE THE FIRST EDITION. It is now nearly fifty years since I first projected a system of verbal classification similar to that on which the present Work is founded. Conceiving that such a compilation might help to supply my own deficiencies, I had, in the year 1805, completed a classed catalogue of words on a small scale, but on the same principle, and nearly in the same form, as the Thesaurus now published. I had often, during that long interval, found this little collection, scanty and imperfect as it was, of much use to me in literary composition, and often contemplated its extension and improvement ; but a sense of the magnitude of the task, amidst a multitude of other avocations, deterred me from the attempt. Since my retirement from the duties of Secretary of the Royal Society, however, finding myself possessed of more leisure, and believing that a repertory of which I had myself experienced the advantage might, when amplified, prove useful to others, I resolved to embark in an undertaking, which, for the last three or four years, has given me incessant occupation, and has, indeed, imposed upon me an amount of labour very much greater than I had anticipated. Notwithstanding all the pains I have bestowed on its execution, I am fully aware of its numerous deficiencies and imperfections, and of its falling far short of the degree of excellence that might be attained. But, in a Work of this nature, where perfection is placed at so great a distance, I have thought it best to limit my ambition to that moderate share of merit which it may claim in its present form; trusting to the indulgence of those for whose benefit it is intended, and to the candour of critics, who, while they find it easy to detect faults, can at the same time duly appreciate difficulties. P. M. ROGET 18, Upper Bedford Place, London : April 29th, 1852. Nil'^715S EDITOR'S PREFACE The First Edition of Dr. Roget's Thesaurus was published in the year 1852, and a second in the ensuing spring. On the issue of the third, in 1855, the volume was stereotyped. Since that time until now, the work has been reprinted in the same form and with little alteration, in rapidly succeeding editions, the printing of which has worn out the original plates. During the last years of the author's life, which closed, at a very advanced age, in the month of September, 1869, he was engaged in the task of collecting additional words and phrases, for an enlarged edition which he had long projected. This he did not live to com- plete, and it became my duty, as his son, to attempt to carry the design into execution. The result of the author's labours was embodied in a copy of the Thesaurus, in which the margins and spaces about the letter-press were closely covered with written words and phrases, without any very precise indication of the places in the text where additions or alterations were intended to be made. On a careful examination of these addenda, I came to the conclusion that, in order to introduce them with advantage, it would be necessary to make some slight changes ; without, however, interfering at all with the framework of the book, and but little with the details of its system. In this pro- ceeding my course has been mainly detennined by the following considerations. Any attempt at a philosophical arrangement, under categories, of the words of our language, must reveal the fact that it is impos- sible to separate and circumscribe the several groups by absolutely distinct boundary lines. There will always be found to exist, be- tween the words in one group and those in another, a variety of mutual affinities, corresponding with similar relations among the ideas expressed. Many words, originally employed to express simple conceptions, are found to be capable, with perhaps a very slight modification of meaning, of being applied in many varied viii EDITOR'S PREFACE. associations. Repetitions of these words have a tendency to spread themselves, as it were, in transitional films, around the clusters of expressions into which we may have attempted to marshal our vocabulary. Connecting links, thus formed, induce an approach between the categories ; and a danger arises that the outlines of our classification may, by their means, become confused and eventually merged. Owing to the employment, in innumerable instances, of one and the same word in a variety of difierent bearings and rela- tions, the fabric of our language has become a texture woven into one by the interlacing of countless branches, springing from separate stems ; and these are further complicated by cross relations among themselves. "Were we to disengage these interwoven ramifications, and seek to confine every word to its main or original import, we should find that some secondary meaning has become so firmly associated witl? many words and phrases, that to sever the alliance would be to deprive our language of the richness due to an infinity of natural adaptations. Were we, on the other hand, to attempt to include, in each category of the Thesaurus, every word and phrase which could by any possibility be appropriately used in relation to the leading idea for which that category was designed, we should impair, if not destroy, the whole use and value of the book. For, in the endea- vour to enrich our treasury of expression, we might easily allow ourselves to be led imperceptibly onward by the natural association of one word with another, and to add word after word, until group after group would successively be absorbed under some single head- ing, and the fundamental divisions of the system be effaced. The presentation to the eye, at one view, of too large a medley of allied expressions would have a tendency to distract the mind of the inquirer, and he would feel the want of further classification. The small cluster of nearly synonymous words, which had formed the nucleus of a category, would be lost in a sea of phrases, and it would become difficult to recognize those which were peculiarly adapted to express the leading ideas. Hence it is necessary for the compiler to steer a mean course between the dangers of being too concise on the one hand, and too diffuse on the other. These considerations were material in dealing with the new and multitudinous store of words and phrases which the author had accumulated. Many of these were altogether new to the Thesaurus. Many were merely repetitions in new places of words already in- cluded in its pages. With reference to cases similar to the latter, EDITOR'S PREFACE. ix the author had declared it to have been a general rule with him * to place words and phrases which appertain more especially to one head, also under other heads to which they have a relation,' when- ever it appeared to him ' that this repetition would suit the conve- nience of the inquirer and spare him the trouble of turning to other parts of the work.' * But, with the now increased mass of words, it became a question, in many cases, whether such repetition would still prove convenient. Where categories might by that course be unduly swollen, or where they might, by reason of their being separated from each other by subtile distinctions or faint lines of demarcation, be thereby too nearly assimilated, I thought it would often be better to confine words of the kind referred to to their pri- mary headings. The necessity of keeping the book within reason* able dimensions had also to be borne in mind. Under these circumstances, the best method of ensuring the ready accessibility of the multitude of words now to be dealt with, and at the same time preserving unimpaired the unity of the several categories, appeared to me to lie in the copious use of references from one place in the book to another. Relying on this contrivance as a means of opening more widely the resources of the collection, by making the groups of words mutually suggestive, and thereby leading, not only to more varied forms of expression, but to kindred ideas, I have added largely to the references already inserted by the author. I have also ventured occasionally to substitute a reference for a group of words, f when the identical group existed in another place, and could thus be made immediately available. In order, at the same time, to make the value of the references more appreciable, I have (whenever it has appeared to me to be necessary) inserted, in a parenthesis, a word indicating the nature of the group or category referred to. Any one using the book will thereby be enabled to judge whether it will be worth his while to turn to the place in question. He will, in some cases, perceive at once that it is useless to look there for the expression he seeks. In other cases, an appropriate word may occur to his mind on the mere suggestion of the class to which it belongs. In none of these cases will further search be necessary. The cross references may also be looked upon as indicating in some degree the natural points of connection between the categories, and the ramification of the ideas which they embody. As would be the case under any classification of language, a large proportion of * Introduction, p. xxiv. f When a word has been thus withdrawn from the text, I have been careful to retain in the Index a reference to the place from which it has been removed. X EDITOR'S PREFACE. the expressions, to find which recourse is had to the Thesaurus, lie on an ill-defined border land between one category and another ; and it is not always easy, even with the aid of a carefully compiled index, to determine under which of several allied headings they should be sought. In the present edition, when the inquirer has once started on his voyage of discovery, the references enable him to pass freely from one division to another without recurring to the Index. While endeavouring to pay due regard to the author's disposition of all the words which he had proposed to add to the Thesaurus, or fco repeat in its pages, I have thus sought rather to connect than to separate the several parts of the work, and, without obscuring the independence of each by too much blending, to combine them in an entire structure which might adequately represent the complex vocabulary of our language. Many new words have also been inserted which were not con- fcained in the author's manuscript. Except in a very few cases, where distinct ideas were obviously united under one head, I have not had the presumption to meddle with the author's division into categories ; but, within each category, I have endeavoured to carry somewhat further the sorting of words according to the ideas which they convey. I should not, indeed, have deemed myself qualified to undertake the present task, except under a conviction that the improvements which I contemplated were almost entirely of a practical nature, demanding industry and attention, rather than philosophic culture or the learning of a philo- logist. My main object has been to place in the hands of all who employ the Thesaurus the most ready means of availing themselves of the enlarged collection of words and phrases which it now con- tains, and thus to render the search for appropriate expressions as easy and as short as possible, consistently with the greatest prac- ticable extension of the field of inquiry. With these objects in view, I have supplied the work with a new and elaborate Index, much more complete than that which was appended to the previous editions. Although, in the original design of his work, the author appears to have conceived the process of search for a required expression as one, in which the system of classification would be first consulted, and the Index afterwards called in aid if necessary,* I believe that almost everyone who uses the * See Introduction, p. xvii. The original catalogue of words in manuscript which was the germ of the Thesaurus, and is now in my possession, contains no verbal index. EDITOR'S PREFACE. xi book finds it more convenient to have recourse to the Index first. It thus becomes a very important part of the work. From the peculiar nature and use of the Thesaurus, its Index ■wiU be found to differ, in some of its essential functions, from an alphabetical table of contents. The present Index does not merely afibrd an indication of the place where every given word or topic occurs or is dealt with in the text ; but it is intended as a guide to other expressions which may be found there. The word we look out in this Index is not that which we require, but that which we wish to avoid. It is, therefore, not necessary that every word there given should be a repetition of one in the text. It may even happen that the word selected as a guide, though suggestive of the group wanted, is wholly unfit to be comprised within it. On this account many references have been inserted in the Index when the word given will not itself be found in the text. The new Index contains not only all the ivords in the book (without needless repetition of conjugate forms), but likewise the 'phraseSj all of which had been excluded from the Index to the previous editions. This extensive enlargement has been made in the belief that many ideas present themselves to the mind in the form of a combination of several words. It is hoped that these additions, although they increase the bulk of the book, will have the effect of extending its usefulness in at least a corresponding degree. Some changes of detail have also been made, where the form of the work seemed susceptible of improvement, and there was no reason to suppose that the author would have disapproved of the alteration. In the previous editions, the phrases were in general placed in separate paragraphs, under the heading Phr., in each of the subdivisions assigned to the different grammatical parts of speech comprised within nearly every category. In the present edition, ivords and phrases are placed together, and the latter are arranged as if the nouns, adjectives, &c., to which they are regarded as equiva- lent, were expressible in single w^ords. The heading Phr. is only employed in the case of phrases which have no convenient place in such an arrangement. The grouping of words within each category, in stricter accordance with their meaning, is thus facilitated ; and a subheading is dispensed with, which had a tendency to confuse the eye. Much space has been saved, and many repetitions have been, avoided, by the use of lines and hyphens, where words or phrases in the same group have syllables or parts in common, and by i:efer- ences from one part of speech to another. These abbreviations may be best explained by examples, of which the following are a few : — xii EDITOR'S PIIP]FACE. * with -relation, -)refereiice, - respect, - regard- to ; ' is meant to include the phrases ' with relation to,' * with reference to,' * with respect to,' ' with regard to.' * root -, weed -, grnb -, rake- -up, - out ; ' includes * root up,' '^root out,' 'weed up,' 'weed out,' 'grub up,' 'grub out,' 'rake up,' ' rake out.' * away from -, foreign to -, beside- the -purpose, - question, - transaction, - point ;' includes ' away from the purpose,' ' foreign fco the purpose,' 'beside the purpose,' 'away from the question,' * foreign to the question,' ' foreign to the transaction,' ' beside the question,' 'away from the point,' 'beside the transaction,' 'foreign to the point,' ' away from the transaction,' ' beside the point.' 'raze, - to the ground;' includes 'raze,' and 'raze to the ground.' ' campan-iform, -ulate, -iliform ; ' includes ' campaniform,' * campanulate,' and ' campaniliform.' ' goodness &c. adj.; ' 'badly &c. adj. ; ' 'hindered &c. v. ; ' in- clude all words similarly formed from synonyms of 'good," bad,' and ' hinder,' respectively, given under the headings Adj. and V. in the same categories where the abbreviations occur. The particle ' to ' before a verb has in all cases been rejected, the heading V. being thought sufficiently distinctive ; the use of capitals for the initial letters of the first words of paragraphs has been abandoned, as giving those words undue importance ; and the title of each category has been kept distinct from the collection of words under its heading. I should be ungrateful were I not to acknowledge the assistance derived, both by my father and myself, from various suggestions made by well-wishers to the work, some of whom have been person- ally unknown to either of us ; and also to record my thanks to several kind friends, and to Messrs. Spottiswoode and Co.'s careful reader, for valuable aid during the passage of the sheets through the press.* John L. Eoget. 5, Eandolph Crescent, Maicla Hill, London, W. March 17th, 1879. *. Postscript.— The Editor also returns his best thanks for similar help in his endeavours to improve subsequent reprints by emendations and useful additions ; and he would be obliged by the communication, for future use, of such further practical suggestions as may occur to the reader. A Supplement, appended to the Index, contains many references, which could' not conveniently be inserted therein, to the newly added words and INTEODUCTION. l^Notes n-itliin hracTiets are hy the editor.'] The present Work is intended to supply, with respect to the Enghsh language, a desideratum hitherto unsupphed in any language; namely, a collection of the words it contains and of the idiomatic combinations peculiar to it, arranged, not in alphabetical order as they are in a Dictionary, but according to the ideas which they express.* The purpose of an ordinary dictionary is simply to explain the meaning of words ; and the problem of which it professes to furnish the solution may be stated thus : — The word being given, to find its signification, or the idea it is intended to convey. The object aimed at in the present undertaking is exactly the converse of this: namely, — The idea being given, to find the word, or words, by which that idea may be most fitly and aptly expressed. For this purpose, the words and phrases of the language are here classed, not according to their sound or their orthography, but strictly accord- ing to their signification. The communication of our thoughts by means of language, whether spoken or written, like every other object of mental exer- tion, constitutes a peculiar art, which, like other arts, cannot be acquired in any perfection but by long and continued practice. Some, indeed, there are more highly gifted than others with a facility of expression, and naturally endowed with the power of eloquence ; but to none is it at all times an easy process to embody, in exact and appropriate language, the various trains of ideas that are passing through the mind, or to depict in their true colours and ♦ proportions, the diversified and nicer shades of feeling which accom- pany them. To those who are unpractised in the art of composition, or unused to extempore speaking, these difficulties present them- selves in their most formidable aspect. However distinct may be our views, however vivid our conceptions, or however fervent our * See note in p. xxviii. xiv INTRODUOTIO]S\ emotions, we cannot but be often conscious that the phraseology we have at our command is inadequate to do them justice. We seek in vain the words we need, and strive ineffectually to devise forms of expression which shall faithfully portray our thoughts and senti- ments. The appropriate terms, notwithstanding our utmost efforts, cannot be conjured up at will. Like ' spirits from the vasty deep,' they come not when we call ; and we are driven to the employ- ment of a set of words and phrases either too general or too limited, too strong or too feeble, which suit not the occasion, which hit not the mark we aim at ; and the result of our prolonged exertion is a style at once laboured and obscure, vapid and redundant, or vitiated by the still graver faults of affectation or ambiguity. It is to those who are thus painfully groping their way and struggling with the difficulties of composition, that this Work pro- fesses to hold out a helping hand. The assistance it gives is that of furnishing on every topic a copious store of words and phrases, adapted to express all the recognizable shades and modifications of the general idea under which those words and phrases are arranged. The inquirer can readily select, out of the ample collection spread out before his eyes in the following pages, those expressions which are best suited to his purpose, and which might not have occurred to him without such assistance. In order to make this selection, he scarcely ever need engage in any critical or elaborate study of the subtle distinctions existing between synonymous terms ; for if the ma- terials set before him be sufficiently abundant, an instinctive tact will rarely fail to lead him to the proper choice. Even while glancing over the columns of this Work, his eye may chance to light upon a particular term, which may save the cost of a clumsy paraphrase, or spare the labour of a tortuous circumlocution. Some felicitous turn of expression thus introduced will frequently open to the mind of the j-eader a whole vista of collateral ideas, which could not, without an extended and obtrusive episode, have been unfolded to his view ; and often will the judicious insertion of a happy epithet, like a beam of sunshine in a landscape, illumine and adorn the subject which it touches, imparting new grace and giving life and spirit to the picture. Every workman in the exercise of his art should be provided with proper implements. For the fabrication of complicated and curious pieces of mechanism, the artisan requires a corresponding assortment of various tools and instruments. For giving proper etfecij to the fictions of the drama, the actor should have at his dis- posal a well- furnished wardrobe, supplying the costumes best suited to the personages lie is to represent. For the perfect delineation of INTRODUCTION. xv the beauties of nature, the painter should have within reach of his pencil every variety and combination of hues and tints. Now, the writer, as well as the orator, employs for the accomplishment of his purposes the instrumentality of words ; it is in words that he clothes his thoughts ; it is by means of words that he depicts his feehngs. It is therefore essential to his success that he be provided with a copious vocabulary, and that he possess an entire command of all the resources and appliances of his language. To the acqui.3ition of this power no procedure appears more directly conducive than the Btudy of a methodized system such as that now offered to his use. The utility of the present Work will be appreciated more espe- cially by those who are engaged in the arduous process of translating into English a work written in another language. Simple as the operation may appear, on a superficial view, of rendering into Eng- lish each of its sentences, the task of transfusing, with perfect exactness, the sense of the original, preserving at the same time the style and character of its composition, and reflecting with fidelity the mind and the spirit of the author, is a task o£ extreme difficulty. The cultivation of this useful department uf literature was in ancient times strongly recommended both by Cicero and by Quintilian, as essential to the formation of a good writer and accomplished orator. Regarded simply as a mental exercise, the practice of translation is the best training for the attainment of that mastery of language and felicity of diction, which are the sources of the highest oratory, and are requisite for the possession of a graceful and per- suasive eloquence. By rendering ourselves the faithful interpreters of the thoughts and feelings of others, we are rewarded with the acquisition of greater readiness and facility in correctly expressing our own; as he who has best learned to execute the orders of a com- mander, becomes himself best qualified to command. In the earliest periods of civilization, translators have been the agents for propagating knowledge from nation to nation, and the value of their labours has been inestimable ; but, in the present age, when so many different languages have become the depositories of the vast treasures of literature and of science which have been accumulating for centuries, the utility of accurate translations has greatly increased, and it has become a more important object to attain perfection in the art. The use of language is not confined to its being the medium through which we communicate our ideas to one another ; it ful- fils a no less important function as an instrument of thought ; not being merely its vehicle, but giving it wings for flight. Metaphy- sicians are agreed that scarcely any of our intellectual operations xvi INTRODUCTION. could be carried on to, any considerable extent, without the agency of words. None bat those who are conversant with the philo- sophy of mental phenomena, can be aware of the immense influence that is exercised by language in promoting the development of our ideas, in fixing them in the mind, and in detaining them for steady contemplation. Into every process of reasoning, language enters as an essential element. Words are the instruments by which we form all our abstractions, by which we fashion and embody our ideas, and by which we are enabled to glide along a series of premises and conclusions with a rapidity so great as to leave in the memory no trace of the successive steps of the pro- cess ; and we remain unconscious how much we owe to this potent auxiliary of the reasoning faculty. It is on this ground, also, that the present Work founds a claim to utility. The review of a catalogue of words of analogous signification, will often suggest by association other trains of thought, which, presenting the sub- ject under new and varied aspects, will vastly expand the sphere of our mental vision. Amidst the many objects thus brought within the range of our contemplation, some striking similitude or appropriate image, some excursive flight or brilliant conception, may flash on the mind, giving point and force to our arguments, awakening a responsive chord in the imagination or sensibility of the reader, and procuring for our reasonings a more ready access both to his understanding and to his heart. It is of the utmost consequence that strict accuracy should regulate our use of language, and that every one should acquire the power and the habit of expressing his thoughts with per- spicuity and correctness. Few, indeed, can appreciate the real extent and importance of that influence which language has always exercised on human affairs, or can be aware how often these are determined by causes much slighter than are apparent to a super- ficial observer. False logic, disguised under specious phraseology, too often gains the assent of the unthinking multitude, disseminat- ing far and wide the seeds of prejudice and error. Truisms pass current, and wear the semblance of profound wisdom, when dressed up in the tinsel garb of antithetical phrases, or set off* by an impos- ing pomp of paradox. By a confused jargon of involved and mystical sentences, the imagination is easily inveigled into a tran- scendental region of clouds, and the understanding beguiled into the belief that it is acquiring knowledge and approaching truth. A misapplied or misapprehended term is sufficient to give rise to fierce and interminable disputes ; a misnomer has turned the tide of popular opinion; a verbal sophism has decided a party ques- INTRODUCTION , xvii tion ; an artful watchword, thrown among combustible materials, has kindled the flame of deadly warfare, and changed the destiny of an empire. ^ -" In constructing the following system of classification of the ideas which are expressible by language, my chief aim has been to obtain the greatest amount of practical utility. I have accordingly adopted such principles of arrangement as appeared to me to be the simplest and most natural, and which would not require, either for their comprehension or application, any disciplined acumen, or depth of metaphysical or antiquarian lore. Eschewing all needless refinements and subtleties, I have taken as my guide the more obvious characters of the ideas for which expressions were to be tabulated, arranging them under such classes and categories as reflection and experience had taught me would conduct the inquirer most readily and quickly to the object of his search. Commencing with the ideas expressing abstract relations, I proceed to those which relate to space and to the phenomena of the material world, and lastly to those in which the mind is concerned, and which compre- hend intellect, volition, and feeling; thus establishing six primary Classes of Categories. 1. The first of these classes comprehends ideas derived from the more general and Abstract Relations among things, such as Existence, Besemblance, Quantity, Order, Number, Time, Poiver. 2. The second class refers to Space and its various relations, including Motion, or change of place. 3. The third class includes all ideas that relate to the JVIaterial World ; namely, the Properties of Matter, such as Solidity, Fluidity, Heat, Sound, Light, and the Phenomena they present, as well as the simple Perceptions to which they give rise. 4. The fourth class embraces all ideas of phenomena relating to the Intellect and its operations ; comprising the Acquisition, the Befen- tion, and the Communication of Ideas. 5. The fifth class includes the ideas derived from the exercise of Volition ; embracing the phenomena and results of our Voluntary and Active Powers ; such as Choice, hitention, Utility, Action, Anta- gonism, Authority, Compact, Property, &fQ. 6. The sixth and last class comprehends all ideas derived from the operation of our Sentient and Moral Powers ; including our Feelings, Emotions, Passions, and Moral and Religious Sentiments* * It must necessarily happen in every system of classification framed with this view, that ideas and expressions arranged under one class must include also ideas relating to another class; for the operations of the Intellect genexaXly a 2 xviii INTRODUCTION. The f tLrther subdivisions and minuter details will be best under- stood from an inspection of the Tabular Synopsis of Categories prefixed to the Work, in which are specified the several topics or heads of signification, under which the words have been arranged. By the aid of this table, the reader will, with a little practice^ readily discover the place which the particular topic he is in search of occupies in the series ; and on turning to the page in the body of the Work v/hich contains it, he will find the group of expres- sions he requires, out of which he may cull those that are most appropriate to his purpose. For the convenience of reference, I have designated each separate group or heading by a particular number; so that if, during the search, any doubt or difficulty should occur, recourse may be had to the copious alphabetical Index of words at the end of the volume, which will at once indi- cate the number of the required group.* The object I have proposed to myself in this Work would have been but imperfectly attained if I had confined myself to a mere catalogue of words, and had omitted the numerous phrases and forms of expression composed of several words, which are of such frequent use as to entitle them to rank among the constituent parts of the language. f Yery few of these verbal combinations, so involve also those of the Will, and vice versa ; and oni Affections and EmotionSy in like manner, generally imply the agency both of the Intellect and of the Will. All that can be effected, therefore, is to arrange the words according to the principal or dominant idea they convey. Teaching, for example, although a Voluntary act, relates primarily to the Communication of Ideas, and is accord- ingly placed at No. 537, under Class IV. Division (II.). On the other hand, Choice, Conduct, SUll, &c., although implying the co-operation of Voluntary with Intellectual acts, relate principally to the former, and are therefore arranged under Class V.. * It often happens that the same word admits of various applications, or may be used in different senses. In consulting the Index the reader will be guided to the number of the heading under which that word, in each particu- lar acceptation, will be found, by means of supplementary words printed in Italics ; which words, however, are not to be understood as explaining the meaning of the word to which they are annexed, but only as assisting in the required reference. I have also, for shortness' sake, generally omitted words immediately derived from the primary one inserted, which sufficiently repre- sents the whole group of correlative words referable to the same heading. Thus the number affixed to Beauty applies to all its derivatives, such as Beau- tiful, Beauteous, Beautifulness, Beautifully, &c., the insertion of which was therefore needless. [In compiling the new Index the editor has adopted this principle as a general rule, from which, however, he has not scrupled to depart where he has deemed it expedient to do so.] t For example : — To take time by the forelock ; — to turn over a new leaf ; — to show the white feather ;— to have a finger in the pie ; — to let the cat INTEODUCTION. xix essential to the knowledge of our native tongue, and so profusely abounding in its daily use, are to be met ^Yith in ordinary diction- aries. These phrases and forms of expression I have endeavoured dihgently to collect and to insert in their proper places, under the general ideas that they are designed to convey. Some of these conventional forms, indeed, partake of the nature of proverbial expressions ; but actual proverbs, as such, being wholly of a didac- tic character, do not come within the scope of the present Work ; and the reader must therefore not expect to find them here in- serted.* For the purpose of exhibiting with greater distinctness the relations between words expressing opposite and correlative ideas, I have, whenever the subject admitted of such an arrangement, placed them in two parallel columns in the same page, so that each group of expressions may be readily contrasted with those which occupy the adjacent column, and constitute their antithesis. By carrying the eye from the one to the other, the inquirer may often discover forms of expression, of which he may avail himself ad- vantageously, to diversify and infuse vigour into his phraseology. Rhetoricians, indeed, are well aware of the power derived from the skilful introduction of antitheses in giving point to an argu- ment, and imparting force and brilliancy to the diction. A too frequent and indiscreet employment of this figure of rhetoric may, it is true, give rise to a vicious and affected style ; but it is un- reasonable to condemn indiscriminately the occasional and moderate use of a practice on account of its possible abuse. The study of correlative terms existing in a particular language, may often throw valuable light on the manners and customs of the nations using it. Thus, Hume has drawn important inferences with regard to the state of society among the ancient Romans, from certain deficiencies which he remarked in the Latin lan- guage.t out of the bag ; — to take care of number one ; — to kill two birds with one stone, &c., &c. * See Trench, On the Lessons in Pi'overhs. f 'It is an universal observation,' he remarks, 'which we may form upon language, that where two related parts of a whole bear any proportion to each other, in numbers, rank, or consideration, there are always correlative terms invented which answer to both the parts, and express their mutual relation. If they bear no proportion to each other, the term is only invented for the less, and marks its distinction from the whole. Thus, man and woman, master and servant y father aind so)i, pHnoe and subject, strange)' and citizen, are correlative terms. But the words seaman, carpenter, smith, tailor. Sec, have no correspon- dent terms, which express those w^ho are no seamen, no carpenters, &c. Lan- XX INTRODUCTION. In many cases, two ideas which are completely opposed to each other, admit of an intermediate or neutral idea, equidistant from both ; all these being expressible by corresponding definite terms. Thus, in the following examples, the words in the first and third columns, which express opposite ideas, admit of the intermediate terms contained in the middle column, having a neutral sense with reference to the former. Identity, Difference, Contrariety. Beginning, Middle, End. Fast, Present, Future. In other cases, the intermediate word is simply the negative to each of two opposite positions ; as, for example, — Convexity, Flatness, Concavity. Desire, Indifference, Aversion. Sometimes the intermediate word is properly the standard with which each of the extremes is compared ; as in the case of Insufficiency, Sufficiency, Redundance; for here the middle term, Sufficiency, is equally opposed, on the one hand to Insufficiency, and on the other to Redundance.* These forms of correlative expressions would suggest the use of triple, instead of double, columns, for tabulating this threefold guages differ very much with regard to the particular words where this dis- tinction obtains; and may thence afford very strong inferences concerning the manners and customs of different nations. The military government of the Ecman emperors had exalted the soldiery so high that they balanced all the c<:her orders of the state : hence miles and jjaganus became relative erms ; a thing, till then, unknown to ancient, and still so to modern la guages.' — ' The term for a slave, born and bred in the family, was verna. As servns was the name of the genus, and verna of the species without any correlative, this forms a strong presumption that the latter were by far the least numerous : and from the same principles I infer that if the number of slaves brought by the Romans from foreigni.countries had not extremely exceeded those which were bred at home, verna would have had a correlative, which would have expressed the former species of slaves. But these, it would seem, composed the main body of the ancient slaves, and the latter were but a few exceptions.' — Hume> Essay on the Pojjulousness of Ancient Nations. The warlike propensity of the same nation may, in like manner, be inferred from the use of the word hostis to denote both a foreigner and an enemy. * [In the following cases, the intermediate word signifies an imperfect degree of each of the qualities set in opposition — lAyht, Dimness, Darkness. Transparency, Semitranspa/rency, Opacity. Vision, JHmsightedness, Blindness.'] INTRODUCTION. xxi order of words ; but tlie practical inconvenience attending such an arracgement would probably overbalance its advantages. It often happens that the same word has several correlative terms, according to the different relations in which it is considered. Thus, to the word Giving are opposed both Beceiving, and Talcing ; the former correlation having reference to the persons concerned in the transfer, while the latter relates to the mode of transfer. Old has for opposite both New and Young, according as it is applied to things or to living beings. Attach and Defence are correlative terms ; as are also Attach and Resistance. Resistance, again, has for its other correlative Submission. Truth in the abstract is opposed to Error ; but the opposite of Truth communicated is Falsehood. Acqui- sition is contrasted both with Deprivation and with Loss. Refusal is the counterpart both of Offer and of Consent. Disuse and Misuse may either of them be considered as the correlative of Use. Teaching, with reference to what is taught, is opposed to Misteaching ; but with reference to the act itself, its proper reciprocal is Learning. Words contrasted in form do not always bear the same contrast in their meaning. The word Malefactor, for example, would, from its derivation, appear to be exactly the opposite of Benefactor : but the ideas attached to these two words are far from being directly opposed ; for while the latter expresses one who confers a benefit, the former denotes one who has violated the laws. Independently of the immediate practical uses derivable from the arrangement of words in double columns, many considerations, interesting in a philosophical point of view, are presented by the study of correlative expressions. It will be found, on strict ex- amination, that there seldom exists an exact opposition between two words which may at first sight appear to be the counterparts of one another ; for, in general, the one will be found to possess in reality more force or extent of meaning than the other with which it is contrasted. The correlative term sometimes assumes the form of a mere negative, although it is really endowed with a considerable positive force. Thus Disrespect is not merely the absence of Respect ; its signification trenches on the opposite idea, namely. Contempt. In like manner. Untruth is not merely the negative of Truth ; it involves a degree of Falsehood. Irreligion, which is properly the want of Religion, is understood as being nearly synonymous with Impiety. For these reasons, the reader must not expect that all the words which stand side by side in the two columns shall be the precise correlatives of each other ; for the nature of the subject,' as well as the imperfections of language, renders it impossible always to preserve such an exactness of correlation. :ocii INTRODUOTION. There exist comparatively few words of a general cliaracter to which no correlative term, either of negation or of opposition, can be assigned, and which therefore reqnire no corresponding second column. The correlative idea, especially that which constitutes a sense negative to the primary one, may, indeed, be formed or con- ceived : but, from its occurring rarely, no word has been framed to represent it ; for, in language, as in other matters, the supply fails when there is no probability of a demand. Occasionally we find this deficiency provided for by the contrivance of prefixing the syllable non ; as, for instance, the negatives of existence, jperformance, 'payment, &c., are expressed by the compound words, non-existence, non-performance, non-payment, &c. Functions of a similar kind are performed by the prefixes dis-*, anti-, contra-, mis-, in-, and un-.^ With respect to all these, and especially the last, great latitude is allowed according to the necessities of the case ; a latitude which is limited only by the taste and discretion of the writer. On the other hand, it is hardly possible to find two words having in all respects the same meaning, and being therefore interchange- able ; that is, admitting of being employed indiscriminately, the one or the other, in all their applications. The investigation of the distinctions to be drawn between words apparently synonymous, forms a separate branch of inquiry, which I have not presumed here to enter upon ; for the subject has already occupied the attention of much abler critics than myself, and its complete exhaustion would require the devotion of a whole life. The purpose of this Work, it must be borne in mind, is, not to explain the signification of words, but simply to classify and arrange them according to the sense in which they are now used, and which I presume to be already known to the reader. I enter into no inquiry into the changes of meaning they may have undergone in the course of time.J I am content to * The words disannul and dissever, however, have the same meaning- as annul and sever ; to unloose is the same as to loose, and inebriety is synonymous with ehriety. f In the case of adjectives, the addition to a substantive of the terminal syllable less, gives it a negative meaning : as taste, tasteless ; care, careless ; hope, liopeless ; friend, friendless ; fault, faultless ; &c. \ Such changes are innumerable: for instance, the words f ?/?•«??#, ^^rtraMY^, sophist, churl, Imave, villain, anciently conveyed no opprobrious meaning. Im- pei'tinent merely expressed i^'relative : and implied neither rudeness nor intrusion, as it does at present. Indifferent originally meant imjmrtial ; extravagant was simply digressive ; and to prevent was properly to precede and assist. The old translations of the Scriptures furnish many striking examples of the alterations which time has brought in the signification of words. Much curious information on this subject is contained in Trench's Lectures on the Study of Words. INTEODUOTION. xxiii accept them at the value of their present currency, and have no concern -with their etymologies, or with the history of their trans- formations ; far less do I venture to thrid the mazes of the vast labyrinth into which I should be led by any attempt at a general discrimination of synonyms. The difficulties I have had to contend with have already been sufficiently great, without this addition to my labours. The most cursory glance over the pages of a Dictionary will show that a great number of words are used in various senses, sometimes distinguished by slight shades of difference, but often diverging widely from their primary signification, and even, in some cases, bearing to it no perceptible relation. It may even happen that the very same word has two significations quite opposite to one another. This is the case with the verb to cleave, which means to adhere tenaciously, and also to separate hy a hloiv. To propugn sometimes expresses to attach ; at other times to defend. To let is to hinder, as well as to permit. To ravel means both to en- tangle and to disentangle. Shameful and shameless are nearly synony- mous. Priceless may either m.ea.n invaliiaile or of no value. Nervous is used sometimes for strong, at other times for luealc. The alphabeti- cal Index at the end of this Work sufficiently shows the multiplicity of uses to which, by the elasticity of language, the meaning of words has been stretched, so as to adapt them to a great variety of modified significations in subservience to the nicer shades of thought, which, under peculiarity of circumstances, require corresponding expression. Words thus admitting of different meanings, have therefore to be arranged under each of the respective heads corresponding to these various acceptations. There are many words, again, which express ideas compounded of two elementary ideas belonging to different classes. It is therefore necessary to place these words respectively under each of the generic heads to which they relate. The necessity of these repetitions is increased by the circumstance, that ideas included under one class are often connected by relations of the same kind as the ideas which belong to another class. Thus we find the same relations of order and of quantity existing among the ideas of Time as well as those of Sjmce. Sequence in the one is denoted by the same terms as sequence in the other; and the measures of time also express the measures of space. The cause and the effect are often designated by the same word. The word Sound, for instance, denotes both the impression made upon the ear by sonorous vibrations, and also the vibrations themselves, which are the cause or source of that impression. Mixture is used for the act of mixing, as well as for the product of that operation. Taste xxiv INTRODUCTION. and Smell express both the sensations and the quahties of material bodies giving rise to them. Thought is the act of thinking ; bat the same word denotes also the idea resulting from that act. Judgment is the act of deciding, and also the decision come to. Purchase is the acquisition of a thing by payment, as well as the thing itself so acquired. Speech is both the act of speaking and the words spoken ; and so on with regard to an endless multiplicity of words. Mind is essentially distinct from Matter ; and yet, in all languages, the attri- butes of the one are metaphorically transferred to those of the other. Matter, in all its forms, is endowed by the figurative genius of every language with the functions which pertain to intellect; and we perpetually talk of its phenomena and of its powers, as if they resulted from the voluntary influence of one body on another, acting and reacting, impelling and being impelled, controlling and being controlled, as if animated by spontaneous energies and guided by specific intentions. On the other hand, expressions, of which the primary signification refers exclusively to the properties and actions of matter, are metaphorically applied to the phenomena of thought and volition, and even to the feelings and passions of the soul ; and in speaking of a ray of hope, a shade of doubt, a. flight of fancy, a flash of wit, the warmih of emotion, or the ehullitions of anger, we are scarcely conscious that we are employing metaphors which have this material origin. As a general rule, I have deemed it incumbent on me to place words and phrases which appertain more especially to one head, also under the other heads to which they have a relation, whenever it appeared to me that this repetition would suit the convenience of the inquirer, and spare him the trouble of turning to other parts of the work ; for I have always preferred to subject myself to the im- putation of redundance, rather than incur the reproach of insuffi- ciency.* When, however, the divergence of the associated from the primary idea is sufficiently marked, I have contented myself with * Frequent repetitions of the same series of expressions, accordingly, will be met with under various headings. For example, the word Relinquishment, with its synonyms, occurs as a heading at No. 624, where it applies to inten- tion, and also at No. 782, where it refers to property. The word Cliamce has two significations, distinct from one another : the one implying the absence of an assignable cause ; in which case it comes under the category of the relation of Causation, and occupies the No. 156: the other, the absence of design, in which latter sense it ranks under the operations of the Will, and has assigned to it the place No. 621. I have, in like manner, distinguished Sensibility, Pleasure, PoAn, Taste, Sec, according as they relate to PJiydcal, or to Moral Affections; the former being found at Nos. 375, 377, 378, 390, &c., and the latter at Nos. 822, 827, 828, 850, &c. INTRODUCTION. xxv making a reference to the place where the modified signification will be found.* But in order to prevent needless extension, I have, in general, omitted conjugate words,-\ which are so obviously derivable from those that are given in the same place, that the reader may safely be left to form them for himself. This is the case with adverbs derived from adjectives by the simple addition of the terminal syllable -ly ; such as closely, carefully, safely, &c., from close, careful^ safe, &c., and also with adjectives or participles immediately derived from the verbs which are already given. In all such cases, an ' &c.' indicates tha-t reference is understood to be made to these roots.J I have observed the same rule in compiling the Index ; retaining only the primary or more simple word, and omitting the conjngate words obviously derived from them. Thus I assume the word sliort as the representative of its immediate derivatives shortness, shorten, shortening, shortened, shorter, shortly, which would have had the same references, and which the reader can readily supply. § The same verb is frequently used indiscriminately either in the active or transitive, or in the neuter or intransitive sense. In these cases, I have generally not thought it worth while to increase the bulk of the Work by the needless repetition of that word ; for the reader, whom I suppose to understand the use of the words, must also be presumed to be competent to apply them correctly. There are a multitude of words of a specific character which, although they properly occupy places in the columns of a dic- tionary, yet, having no relation to general ideas, do not come within the scope of this compilation, and are consequently omitted. || The names of objects in Natural History, and technical terms be- longing exclusively to Science or to Art, or relating to particular operations, and of which the signification is restricted to those specific objects, come under this category. Exceptions must, how- ever, be made in favour of such words as admit of metaphorical application to general subjects, with which custom has associated * [See Editor's Preface, p. ix.] t By 'conjvffate or 2Jarony7miis words is meant, correctly speaking, different parts of speech from the same root, which exactly correspond in point of meaning.'—^ Selection of English Synonyms, edited by Archbishop Whately. X [The author's practice, in this respect, has been followed in the present edition, and a reference to the group of adjectives, verbs, or other roots, has been added, where such suggestion has been thought expedient.] § [See note in p. xviii.] II [The author did not in all cases rigidly adhere to this rule ; and the editor has thought himself justified both in retaining and in adding some words of the specific character here mentioned, which may be occasionally in request by general writers.] xxvi INTRODUCTION. them, and of whicli tliey may be cited as being typical or illustrative. Thns, the word Lion will find a place under the head of Courage, of whicli it is regarded as the type. Anchor, being emblematic of Hope, is introduced among the words expressing that emotion ; and in like manner, hutterjly and weather coch, which are suggestive of fickle- ness, are included in the category of Irresolution. With regard to the admission of many words and expressions, which the classical reader might be disposed to condemn as vulgarisms, or which he, perhaps, might stigmatize as pertaining rather to the slang than to the legitimate language of the day, I would beg to observe, that, having due regard to the uses to which this Work was to be adapted, I did not feel myself justified in excluding them solely on that ground, if they possessed an acknowledged currency in general intercourse. It is obvious that, with respect to degrees of conventionality, I could not have at- tempted to draw any strict lines of demarcation ; and far less could I have presumed to erect any absolute standard of purity. My object, be it remembered, is not to regulate the use of words, but simply to supply and to suggest such as may be wanted on occasion, leaving the proper selection entirely to the discretion and taste of the employer.* If a novelist or a dramatist, for example, proposed to delineate some vulgar personage, he would wish to have the power of putting into the mouth of the speaker expressions that would accord with his character ; just as the actor, to revert to a former comparison, who had to personate a peasant, would choose for his attire the most homely garb, and would have just reason to complain if the theatrical wardrobe furnished him with no suitable costume. Words which have, in process of time, become obsolete, are of course rejected from this collection.f On the other hand, I have admitted a considerable number of words and phrases bor- rowed from other languages, chiefly the French and Latin, some of which may be considered as already naturalized ; while others, though avowedly foreign, are frequently employed in English * [It may be added that the Thesaurus is an aid not only in the choice of appropriate forms of expression, but in the rejection of those which are unfit ; and that a vulgar plu-ase may often furnish a convenient clue to the group of classic synonyms among which it is placed. Moreover, the slang expressions admitted into the work bear but a small proportion to those in constant use by English writers and speakers.] f [A few apparently obsolete words have nevertheless found their way into the Thesaurus. In justification of their admission, it may be contended that well-known words, though no longer current, give occasional point by an archaic form of expression, and are of value to the novelist or dramatist who has to depict a bygone age.] INTRODUCTION. xxvii composition, particularly in familiar style, on account of their being peculiarly expressive, and because we have no corresponding words of equal force in our own language.* Tbe rapid advances whicb are being made in scientific knowledge, and consequent im- provement in all the arts of life, and the extension of those «. arts and sciences to so many new purposes and objects, create a continual demand for the formation of new terms to express new agencies, new wants, and new combinations. Such terms, from being at first merely technical, are rendered, by more general use, familiar to the multitude, and having a well-defined acceptation, are eventually in- corporated into the language, which they contribute to enlarge and to enrich. Neologies of this kind are perfectly legitimate, and highly advantageous ; and they necessarily introduce those gradual and progressive changes which every language is destined to undergo. t Some modern writers, however, have indulged in a habit of arbi- trarily fabricating new words and a new-fangled phraseology, with- out any necessity, and with manifest injury to the purity of the language. This vicious practice, the offspring of indolence or con- ceit, implies an ignorance or neglect of the riches in which the English language already abounds, and which would have supplied them with words of recognized legitimacy, conveying precisely the same meaning as those they so recklessly coin in the illegal mint oi their own fancy. A work constructed on the plan of classification I have proposed might, if ably executed, be of great value, in tending to limit the fluctuations to which language has always been subject, by es- tablishing an authoritative standard for its regulation. Future historians, philologists, and lexicographers, when investigating the period when new words were introduced, or discussing the import given at the present time to the old, might find their labours Hghtened by being enabled to appeal to such a standard, instead of having to search for data among the scattered writings of the age. Nor would its utility be confined to a single language ; for the principles of its construction are universally applicable to all languages, whether living or dead. On the same plan of classifica- tion there might be formed a French, a German, a Latin, or a Greek * All these words and phrases are printed in Italics. f Thus, in framing the present classification, I have frequently felt the want of substantive terms corresponding to abstract qualities or ideas denoted by certain adjectives ; and have been often tempted to invent words that might express these abstractions : but I have yielded to this temptation only in the four following instances ; having framed from the adjectives irrelative, amor- phous, sinistral, and gaseoiis, the abstract nouns irrelation, amorpMsm, sinis- trality, and gaseity. I have ventured also to introduce the adjective intersoeial, to express the active voluntary relations between man and man. xxviii INTEODUOTION. Thesaurus, possessing, in their respective spheres, the same advan- tages as those of the English model.* Still more useful would be a conjunction of these methodized compilations in two languages, the French and English, for instance ; the columns of each being placed itx parallel juxtaposition. No means yet devised would so greatly facili- tate the acquisition of the one language, by those who are acquainted with the other : none would afford such ample assistance to the translator in either language ; and none would supply such ready and effectual means of instituting an accurate comparison between them, and of fairly appreciating their respective merits and defects. In a still higher degree would all those advantages be combined and multiplied in a Polyglot Lexicon constructed on this system. Metaphysicians engaged in the more profound investigation of the Philosophy of Language will be materially assisted by having the ground thus prepared for them, in a previous analysis and classification of our ideas ; for such classification of ideas is the true basis on which words, which are their symbols, should be classified."!* It is by such analyses alone that we can arrive at a clear perception of the relation which these symbols bear to their corresponding ideas, or can obtain a correct knowledge of the elements which enter into * [This suggestion has been followed, in French, in a ' Bictionnaire Ideo- logique' by T. Robertson (Paris, 1859); and, in German, in a ' BeuUcher Sprach- schatz ' by D. Sanders (Hamburg, 1878), and ' Deutscher Wo9'tsehatZt oder Der passende Ausdruch ' by A. Schelling (Stuttgart, 1892).] f The principle by which I have been guided in framing my verbal classi- fication is the same as that which is employed in the various departments of Natural History. Thus the sectional divisions I have formed, correspond to Natural Families in Botany and Zoology, and the filiation of words presents a network analogous to the natural filiation of plants or animals. The following are the only publications that have come to my knowledge in which any attempt has been made to construct a systematic arrangement of ideas with a view to their expression. The earliest of these, supposed to be at least nine hundred years old, is the Ameea C(3sha, or Vocabulary of the Sanscrit Language, by Amera Sinha, of which an English translation, by the late Henry T. Colebrooke, was printed at Serampoor, in the year 1808. The classification of words is there, as might be expected, exceedingly imperfect and confused, especially in all that relates to abstract ideas or mental opera- tions. This will be apparent from the very title of the first section, which comprehends ' Heaven, Gods, Demons, Fire, Air, Velocity, Eternity, Much : ' while Sin, Virtue, Happiness, Destiny, Cause, Nature, Intellect, Reasoning, Kmwledge, Senses, Tastes, Odours, Colotirs, are all included and jumbled together in the fourth section. A more logical order, however, pervades the sections relating to natural objects, such as Seas, EaHh, Towns, Plants, and Animals, which form separate classes ; exhibiting a remarkable effort at analysis at so remote a period of Indian literature. The well-known work of Bishop Wilkins, entitled, ' An Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language,' published in 1668, had for its object the formation of a sj^stem of symbols which might serve as a universal INTRODUCTION. xxix the formation of compound ideas, and of the exclusions by which we arrive at the abstractions so perpetually resorted to in the process of reasoning, and in the communication of our thoughts. Lastly, such analyses alone can determine the principles on which a strictly Philosophical Language might be constructed. The probable result of the construction of such a language would be its eventual adoption by every civilized nation ; thus realizing that splendid aspiration of philanthropists, — the establishment of a Universal Language. However utopian such a project may appear to the present generation, and however abortive may have been the former endeavours of Bishop Wilkins and others to realize it,* its accomplishment is surely not beset with greater difficulties than have impeded the progress to many other beneficial objects, which in former times appeared to be no less visionary, and which yet were successfully achieved, in later ages, by the continued and per- severing exertions of the human intellect. Is there at the present day, then, any ground for despair, that at some future stage of that higher civilization to which we trust the world is gradually tending, some new and bolder effort of genius towards the solution of this great problem may be crowned with success, and compass an object of such vast and paramount utility ? Nothing, indeed, would con- duce more directly to bring about a golden age of union and harmony among the several nations and races of mankind than the removal of that barrier to the interchange of thought and mutual good understanding between man and man, which is now interposed by the diversity of their respective languages. language. It professed to be founded on a ' scheme of analj^sis of the things or notions to which names were to be assigned ; ' but notwithstanding the immense labour and ingenuity expended in the construction of this system, it was soon found to be far too abstruse and recondite for practical application. In the year 1797, there appeared in Paris an anonymous work, entitled * Pasigraphie, o^^ Premiers Elements du nouvel Art- Science d'ecrire et d'im- primer une langue de maniere a etre hi et entendu dans tmite autre langiie sanx traduction,'' of which an edition in German was also published. It contains a great number of tabular schemes of categories ; all of which appear to be excessively arbitrary and artificial, and extremely difficult of application, as well as of apprehension. [Systems of grouping with relation to ideas are also adopted in an ' Analytical Dictionary/ of the English Language * by David Booth (London, 1835), a * JHctionnaire Analogique de la Langue Franqaise* by P. Boissiere (Paris), and a * Dictionnaire Logique de la Langue Frattqaise^ by L'Abbe Elie Blanc (Paris, 1882).] * ' The Languages,' observes Home Tooke, * which are commonly used throughout the world, are much more simple and easy, convenient and philo- sophical, than Wilkins's scheme for a real character ; or than any other scheme that has been at any other time imagined or proposed for the purpose.' — "Y.irea TlTepoej/To, p. 125. PLAN OF CLASSIFICATION. Section. Nos. I. Existence I to 8 II. Relation 9— 24 ■ III. Quantity 25— 57 Class. IV. Ordee . 58-83 84—105 I. ABSTRACT RELATIONS ^ V. Number . VI. Time . 106—139 VII. Change . 140—152 ^VIII. Causation 153—170 I. Generally . II. Dimensions . III. Form . 1 80-— 191 11. SPACE 192—239 240—263 IV. Motion . 264—315 I. Generally . 316—320 III. MATTER - II. Inorganic 321—356 III. Organic. 357-449 IV. INTELLECT. V. VOLITION DiAdsion. (I) Formation of Ideas 450—5 1 5 (11.) Communication of Ideas . . . 516 — 599 (I.) Individual . . 600—736 (11.) Intersocial . . 737 — 819 VI. AFFECTIONS. Section. f I. Generally j II. Personal ^ III. Sympathetic I IV. Moral . L V. Religious . 820—826 . 827—887 . 888—921 . 922—975 976—1000 XXXI TABULAE SYNOPSIS OF CATEGOEIES. Class I. ABSTRACT RELATIOlSrS. I. EXISTENCE. 1°. Abstract 2°. Concrete 3°. Formal, 4°. Modal . II. RELATION. 1°. Absolute I. Existence. 3, Substantiality. f Internal. \ 5. Intrinsicality. / Absolute. \ 7. State. 2. Inexistence. 4. Unsubstantiallty. External. 6. Extrinsicality. Relative. 8. Circumstance. 10. Irrelation. 2°. Continuous '\°. Partial 4°. General in. QUANTITY. 1°. Simple .. 9. Relation. 11. Consanguinity. 12. Correlation. 13. Identity. 14. Contrariety. 15. Difference. 16. Uniformity. 16a. Non-uniformity. 17. Similarity. 18. Dissimilarity. 19. Imitation. 20. Non-imitation. 20a. Variation. 21. Copy. 22. Prototype. 23. Agreement. 24. Disagreement. 2°. Comparative 3°. Conjunctive 25. r27. 31- 33- t35- r 37- 39- -J4I. 143- 45- 46. 48. Absolute. Relative. Quantity. 26. Degree. Equality. 28. Inequality. 29. Mean. 30. Compensation, By ComjJai'ison ivith a Standard. Greatness. 32. Smallness. B]j CompaHson with a Similar Object. Superiority. 34. Inferiority. Changes in Quantity. Increase. 36. Decrease. .,,.,. o r Non-addition. Addition. 38. Is^bd^ction. Adjunct. 40. Remainder. Mixture. Junction. Vinculum. Coherence. Combination. b 40. 4.0a. Decrement. 42. Simpleness. 44. Disjunction. Incoherence. Decomposition. XXXll SYNOPSIS OF OATEGOKIES. ( 50. Whole. CONCEETE \ 52- Completeness. IV. OEDER. Composition. Component. \ GENERAL I f- ?^^^^- i_ 60, Arrangement. f 62. 2°. Consecutive Precedence. 64. Precursor. 66. Beginning. 68. Middle. 51. 53. .S5- 57- 59. 61. 63. 65. 67. Part. Incompleteness. Exclusion. Extraneous. Disorder. Derangement. Sequence. Sequel. End. 69. Continuity. 71. Term. Collective j 72. Assemblage. 1^ 74. Focus. r 75. Class. Distributive -^ 76. Inclusion. [ 7S. Generality. f 80. Rule. 70. Discontinuity. .5°. Categorical V. NUMBER. 1°. Abstract 2°. Determinate 3°. Indeterminate VI. TIME. \_ 82. Conformity. Number. Numeration. List. Unity. Duality. Duplication. Triality. Triplication. Quaternity. Quadruplication. Five, &c. Plurality. Multitude. Repetition. Infinity. 73. 77. 79- 81. 83. f Non-assemblage. \ Dispersion. Exclusion. Speciality. Multiformity. Unconformity. 88. Accompaniment. 91. Bisection. 94. Trisection. 97. Quadrisection. 99. Quinquesection,&c looa. Fraction. loi. Zero. 103. Fewness. 106. 107. 1°. Absolute Time. Definite. Period. 109. Contingent Duration. 2°. Re- lative. I. to Succession 2. to a PeHod Diuturnity. Perpetuity. Chronometry. Priority. Present time. Synchronism. Futurity. Newness. Morning. Youth. Infant. III. 113- 115- 117. 119. 122. 124. 126. 128. 3. to an Effect / 132. \i34- or Purpose Recurrent /I36. \ 138. Earliness. Occasion. Frequency. Periodicity. 130. Adolescence 133- 135. 137. 139- Neverness. Indefinite. Course. Transientness. Instant aneity. Anachronism. Posteriority. Different time. Preterition. Oldness. Evening. Age. Veteran. Lateness. Intempestivity. Infrequency. Irregularity. SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES. Vn. CHANGE. (140. Change. 141. Permanence. 142. Cessation. 143. Continuance. 1°. Simple - 144. Conversion. 146. Revolution. 145. Reversion. 147. Substitution. 148. Interchange. Complex -l ' 149. Changeableness. 150. Stability. 2°. Present. _iSi. Eventuality. FutUTC. 152. Destiny. Vlil. CAUSATION. 1°. CoxsTAxcY OF Se- f Constant Ante- 153. < cedent. L Cause. ^ ^ ^ r Constant Sequent. '^4- ^Effect. quence f Assignment of 155. < Cause. C Ahsence of As- 156. < signment. L Attribution. L Chance. 2°. Connection be- ri57. Power. 158. Impotence. tween Cause < Beqrees of Pon&r. AND Effect... Li59- Strength. 160. Weakness. /I61. Production. 162. Destruction. 163. Reproduction. 164. Producer, 165. Destroyer. 3°. Power in Opeea- 166. Paternity. 167. Posterity. TION " 168. Productiveness. 170. Agency. 169. Unproductiveness. 171. Energy. 172. Inertness. ^73. Violence. 174. Moderation. ' 175. Influence. 176. Tendency. _I77. Liability. 175^. Absence of In- 4°. Indirect Power ... fluence. 1 5° Combinations of 1 Causes . 1 78. Concurrence. 179. Counteraction. Class IL SPACE. L SPACE m GENERAL. o f Indefinite. 1°. Abstract Space -j l^ Space. 2^. Relative Space... [^l^- f'^fr* \ 184. Location. ri86. Presence. 3°. Existence in Space <^ 188. Inhabitant. L190. Contents. n. DIMENSIONS. /'192. Size. 1°. General ^94- Expansion. 196. Distance, i 198. Interval. 200. Length. /Breadth. 202. ;-o 7-e natd. Section II. EELATIOK 1°. ABsoLriE Relation. 9. Relation. — ir. relation, bearing, reference, connexion, concern, cognation; correlation &c. 12; analogy; similarity &c. 17 ; affinity, homology, alliance, ho- mogeneity, association ; approximation &c. (nearness) 197; filiation &c. (con- sanguinitij) 1 1 ; interest ; relevancy »S:c. comparison &c. 464 ; ratio, proportion, link, tie, bond of union. 3 ! 10. [Want, or absence of relation.] I Xrrelation. — w. irrelation, dissocia- I tion ; misrelation ; inconnection ; multi- ! fariousness ; disconnection &c. (disjunct \ tion) 44 ; inconsequence, independence ; incommensurability ; irreconcilableness &c. (disagreement) '24 ; heterogeneity ; unconformity kc. 83 ; irrelevancy, im- pertinence, nihil ad rem ; intrusion &c. 24. V. have no -relation «S:c. 9 to, - bear- B 2 9—12. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. I. 11. 1°. V. be-related &c. adj. ; have a rela- tion kc. 71. ; relate -, refer- to ; bear upon, regard, concern, touch, aftect, have to do with ; pertain -, belong -, appertain- to ; answer to ; interest. bring -into relation with, - to bear upon ; connect, associate, draw a paral- lel ; link &c. 43. Adj. relative; correlative &c. 12; cognate ; relating to &c. v. ; relative to, in relation with, referable or referrible to ; belonging to *&c. v. ; appurtenant to, in common witli. related, connected ; implicated, asso- ciated, aihliated, allied to; en raiyport. approxima-tive, -ting; proportion-al, -ate, -able ; allusive, comparable. in the same -category &c. 75 ; like &c. 17 ; relevant &c. {apt) 23. Adv. relatively &c. adj. ; pertinently &c. 23. thereof ; as -to, - for, - respects, - re- gards ; about ; concerning &c. v. ; anent ; relating -, as relates- to ; with -relation, ~ reference, - respect, - regard- to ; in respect of; while speaking -, apropos- of ; in connexion with ; by the -way, - by ; whereas ; for -, in- as much as ; in point of, as far as ; on the -part, - score- of; quoad hoc ; p'o re natd ; under the -head I. II. 4° RELATION. 19—24. 20. Non->Ixnitation. — la. no imitation ; originality. Adj. uniniitated, uucopied ; un- matched, unparalleled ; inimitable &c. 33 ; unique, original. 19. Xxnitation. — zar. imitation ; copying &c. v.; transcription ; repe- tition, duplication, reduplication; quo- tation ; reproduction. mockery, mimicry; simulation, per- sonation; representation &c. 554; sem- Wance ; copy &c. 21 ; assimilation. paraphrase, parody, &c. 21. plagiarism ; Ibrgery &c. (falsehood) 544. imitator, echo, cuckoo, parrot, ape, monkey, mocking-bird, mimic. V. imitate, copy, mirror, reflect, reproduce, repeat ; do like, echo, re-echo, catch ; transcribe ; match, parallel. mock, take off, mimic, ape, simulate, personate ; act &c. {drama) 599; represent &c. 554; counterfeit, parody, travesty, caricature, burlesque. follow -, tread- in the- -steps, - footsteps, - wake- of ; take pattern by ; follow -suit, - the example of; walk in the shoes of, take a leaf out of another's book, strike in with, follow suit; take -, model -after ; emulate. Adj. imitated &c. v. ; mock, mimic ; modelled after, moulded on. paraphrastic ; literal ; imitative ; second-hand ; imitable. Adv. literally, to the letter, verbatim, literatim, sic, totidcm vo'bis, word for word, mot a mot. Phr. like master like man. 20a. Variation. — W. variation; alteration (S:c. (cJiange) 140. modification, moods and tenses. divergency kc. 291 ; deviation &c. 279; aberration; innovation. V. vary kc. (clianz/c) 140; deviate kc. 279; diverge kc. 291. Adj. varied &c. v.; modified; diversified kc. i6a. 21. [Result of imitation.] Copy. — "N. copy, fac-simile, counterpart, efficjics, elHgy, form, likeness, similitude, sem- blance, cast, ectype; imitation &c, 19; model, representation, adumbration, study; portrait kc. {reprcsentment) 554. duplicate ; transcript, -ion ; reflex, -ion ; shadow, echo ; chip of the old block ; reprint, reproduction ; second edition &c. {repetition) 104; rechauffe; apograph, fair copy, revise. parody, caricature, burlesque, travesty, travestie, paraphrase. servile -copy, - imitation; counterfeit &c. {deception) 545? pasticcio. Adj. faithful; lifelike &c. {sitnilar) 17. 22. [Thing copied.] Prototype, — W. protot}^e, original, model, pattern, precedent, star.dard, scantling, type; arche-, anti-type ; protoplast, module, exemplar, example, ensample, paradigm ; lay-figure. text, copy, design; fugleman, key- note. die, mould ; matrix, last, plasm ; pro-, proto-plasm ; mint ; seal, punch, inta- glio, negative. V. be -, set- an example ; set a copy. 4°. General Relation. 23. Agrreement.— w. agreement ; ac-cord, -cordance ; unison, harmony ; concord &c. 714 ; concordance, concert. conformity &c. 82 ; conformance ; uniformity &c. 16 ; consonance, con- sentaneousness, consistency ; congru-ity, -ence ; keeping ; congeniality ; correspon- dence, parallelism, apposition, union. 24:. Disagreement.— w. dis- agreement; dis-cord, -cordance; disso- nance, dissidence, discrepancy ; uncon- formity &c. 83 ; incongru-ity, -ence ; discongruity, mesalliance ; jarring &c. v. ; dissension &c. 713; conflict &c. {ojjpo- sition) 708. disparitv, mismatch, disproportion ; 7 Z3— 26. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. I. n. 4°. fitnesej aptness S:c. a(Jj. ; relevancy ; I disproportionateness &c. adj. ; variance, pertinen-ce,- cy ; sortance ; case in point ; : diver<>-ence, repugnance. aptitude, coaptation, propriety, applica bility, admissibility, commensurability, compatibility ; cognation &c. {rdntion) 9. adaptation, adjustment, graduation, accommodation ; leconcil-iation -ement; assimilation. consent &c. (assent) 488 ; concur- rence &c. 178 ; cooperation &c. 709. right man in the right place, very thing; quite -, just- the thing. V. be -accordant &c. adj. ; agree, accord, harmonize ; correspond, tally, respond ; meet, suit, fit, befit, do, adapt itself to ; fall in -, chime in -, square -, quadrate -, consort -, comport- with ; dovetail, assimilate ; fit like a glove ; tit to a -tittle, - T j match &c. 17 ; be- come one. consent &c. (assent) 488. render -accordant &c. adj. ; fit, suit, adapt, accommodate ; graduate ; adjust &c. (rendei' equal) 27 ; dress, regulate, leadjust; accord, harmonize, reconcile ; fadge, dovetail, square. Adj. agreeing, suiting &c. v. ; in accord, accordant, concordant, conso- nant, congruous, consentaneous, corre- spondent, congenial ; becoming ; harmo- nious, reconcilable, conformable ; in -ac- cordance, -harmony,- keeping, - unison, kc. n.- with ; at one with, of one mind, of a piece ; consistent, compatible, pro- portionate ; commensurate ; on all fours. apt, apposite, pertinent, pat ; to the -point, - purpose ; happy, felicitous, ger- mane, ad rem, in point, bearing upon, applicable, relevant, admissible. fit, adapted, in loco, a propos, appropriate, seasonable, sortable, suitable, idoneous, deft ; meet &c. (expedient) 646. at home, in one's proper element. iLdv. a propos of ; pertinently &c. adj. » Phr. 7'em acu teiigisti, the cap fits- unfitness &c. adj. ; inaptitude, im- propriety ; inapplicability &c. adj. ; in- consistency , incoucinnity; irrelevancy &c. (irrelation) 10. misjoiu-ing, -der ; syncretism, intru' sion, interference ; concordia discors. fish out of water. V. disagree ; clash, jar &c (discm-d) 713; interfere, intrude, come amiss; not concern itc. 10; mismatch; humano capiti cervicem jungere equinam. Adj. disagreeing &;c. v. ; discordant, discrepant ; at -variance, - war ; hostile-, repugnant, incompatible, irreconcilable, inconsistent Avith ; unconformable, ex- ceptioual,^tc. 83 ; intrusive, incongruous; disproportion-ate, -ed ; unharmonious ; unconsonant ; divergent, repugnant to. inapt, unapt, inappropriate, improper ; unsuit-ed, -able ; inapplicable ; un-fit, -fitting, -befitting; unbecoming; ill- timed, unseasonable, mal a pi'opos, inad- missible ; inapposite &c. (irrelevant) 10. uncongenial ; ill-assorted, -sorted ; mis-matclied, -joined, -placed; unac- commodating, irreducible, uncommen- surable. out of -character, - keeping, -propor- tion, -joint, - tune, - place, - season, - its element ; at -odds, - variance with. Adv. in -defiance, - contempt, - spite- of ; discordantly »S:c. adj. ; a tort et d tr avers. Section III. QUANTITY. Simple Quaxtity. Z5. [Absolute quantity.] Quan- tity. — W. quantity, magnitude; size &c. (dimensions) 192 ; amplitude, mass, amount, quantum, measure, substance, strength. [Science of quantity.] Mathematics, Mathesis. 26. [Relative quantity.] Degree. — W. degree, grade, extent, measure^ amount, ratio, stint, standard, height, pitch ; reach, amplitude, range, scope, calibre; gradation, shade ; tenour, com- pass ; sphere, station, rank, standing ; rate, wa.v, sort. I. in. QUANTITY. ZS—Z^, [Definite or fini'e quantity] band-, point, mark, stage Sec. {terin) 71 ; mouth-, spoon-, cap-ful ; stock, batch, intensity, strength ».K:c. (r/zra/^ness) 31. lot, dose. Adj. comparative ; gradual, shading Adj. quantitative, some, any, more oft"; within the bounds &c. {limit) 233. or less. I Adv. by degrees, gradually, inas- Adv. to the tune of. j much, pro tanto ; how-ever, -soever ; j st«p by step, bit by bit, little by little, j inch b}' inch, drop by drop ; by -inches, 1 - slow degrees, - little and little ; in ! some -degree, - measure ] to some extent. 2°. Comparative Quaxtitt. 27. [Sameness of quantity or degree.] 2 8. [Difference of quantity or degree.] Inequality. — K". inequality ; dis-^ im-parity ; odds ; difterence &c. 1 5 ; unevenness ; inclination of the balance, partiality ; shortcoming ; casting -, make- weight ; superiority ifcc. 33 ; in- feriority &c. 34. V. be -unequal &c. adj : countervail ; have -, give- the advantage ; turn the scale ; kick the beam ; topple, -over; over- match &c. 33 ; not come up to &c. 34. Adj. unequal, uneven, disparate, partial ; un-, over-balanced ; top-heavy, lop-sided. Adv. /uiud jyassibus ceqiiis. Equality. — N". equality ,parity, co-ex le ision, symmetry, balance, poise; even- ness, monotony, level. equivalence ; equi-poUenco, -poise, -librium, -ponderance ; par, quits ; not a pin to choose ; distinction without a difterence, six of one and half a dozen of the other ; identity &c 1 3 ; simi- larity kc. ly. equalization, equation ; equilibration, co-ordination, adjustment, readjustment. drawn -game, -battle ; neck and neck race ; tie, dead heat. match, peer, compeer, equal, mate, fellow, brother ; equivalent. V. be -equal &c. adj. ; equal, match, reach, keep pace with, run abreast ; ! come -, amount -, come up- to ; be -, lie- on a level with ; balance ; cope with ; come to the same thing. render -equal &c. adj. ; equalize, level, dress, balance, equate, handi- cap, give points, trim', adjust, poise : lit, accommodate ; adapt kc. {render accordant) 23 ; strike a balance ; establish-, restore- equality, -equilibrium ; readjust; stretch on the bed of Procrustes. Adj. equal, even, level, monotonous, coequal, symmetrical, co-ordi- nate ; on a -par, - level, - footing- with : up to the mark. equivalent, tantamount ; quits ; homologous ; synonymous &c. 522 ; resolvable into, convertible, much at one, as broad as long, neither more nor less ; much the same -, the same thing -, as good- as ; all -one, - the same ; equi-pollent, -pouderant, -ponderous, -balanced ; equalized &3. v. ; drawn ; half and half. Adv. equally &c. adj. ; pa7'i passu, ad eundem, cceteris j^ribiis ; in equilihrio ; to all intents and purposes. Phr. it -comes, - amounts- to the same thing. 29. mean. — »r. mean, medium, intermedium, average, balance; mediocrity, generality ; golden mean kc. {mid-course) 628 ; middle &c. 68 ; compromise kc. 774 ; neutrality. V. split the difterence ; take the -average &c. n. ; reduce to a -mean. &c. 11 ; strike a balance, pair oft'. Adj. mean, intermediate ; middle kc. 68 ; average ; neutral. mediocre, middle-class ; commonplace &c. {unimportant) 643. Adv. on an average, in the long run ; taking -one with another, -all things together, - it for all in all ; communihus annis, in round numbers. 9 30—32. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. I. III. 2°. 30. Compensation. — w. compensation, equation ; commutation ; indemnification; compromise &c. 774; neutralization, nullification; counteraction &c. 179; reaction; measure for measure ; retaliation &c. 718 ; equalization &c. 27 : robbmg- Peter to pay Paul. set-otf, offset; make- castinj^-weig-ht ; counterpoise, ballast; indemnity, ec[mY alent, quid 2Jro quo ; bribe, hush-money; amends &c. {atonement) 952. V. make compensation ; cora-pensate, -pense ; indemnify ; counter-act, -vail, -poise ; balance ; out-, over-, counter-balance ; set off ; hedge, square, give and take ; make up -for, - lee way ; cover, fill up, neutralize, nullify ; equalize &c. 27 ; make good ; redeem &c. {atone?) 952. Adj. compensat-iug, -ory ; countervailing &c. v. ; in the opposite scale ; equivalent &c. {equal) 27. Adv. in -return, - consideration ; but, however, yet, still, notwith- standing ; neverthe-, nath-less; although, though; al-, how-beit; maugre ; at -all events, - any rate ; be that as it may, for all that, even so, on the other hand, at the same time, quoad mirius, quand memey however that may be ; after all, - is said and done ; taking one thing with another &c. {avei'age) 29. Quantity by Comparison with a Standard. 31. Greatness. — us, greatness &c. adj . ; magnitude ; size &c. {dimen- sions) 192 ; multitude &c. {number) 102 ; immensity, enormity ; infinity &c. 105 ; might, strength, intensity, fulness ; importance &c. 642. great quantity, quantity, deal, power, sight, pot, volume, world ; mass, heap &c. {asseinhlage) 72; stock &c. {store) 636 ; peck, bushel, load, cargo ; cart -, waggon -, ship- load ; flood, spring tide ; abundance &c. {sufficiency) 639. principal -, chief -, main -, greater -, major -, best -, essential- part ; bulk, mass &c. {whole?) 50. V. be -great &c. adj. ; run high, soar, tower, transcend ; rise -, carry- to a great height ; know no bounds. enlarge &c. {increase) 35, {ea'jyand) 194. Adj. great; greater &c. 33; large, considerable, ftiir, above par ; big, huge &c. {larr/e in size) 192; ample; abun- dant Sec. {enough) 639 ; full, intense, strong, sound, passing, heavy, plenary, deep, high ; signal, at its height, in the zenith. world-wide, wide-spread, extensive; wholesale; many &c. 102. goodly, noble, precious, mighty ; sad, grave, serious ; far gone, arrant, down- right ; utter, -most ; crass, gross, arch, profound, intense, consummate; rank, unmitigated, red-hot, desperate ; glaring, flagrant, stark staring ; thorough-paced, 32. Smallness. — w. smallness &c. adj.-, littleness &c. {small size) 193: tenuity ; paucity ; fewness &;c. {small number) 103; meanness, insignificance &c. {unhnportance) 643 ; mediocrity, moderation. small quantity, modicum, minimum'^ vanishing point ; material point, atom, particle, molecule, corpuscle, point, speck, dot, mote, jot, iota, ace ; minutice, details ; look, thought, idea, soup^'on, whit, tittle, sliade, shadow ; spark, scm- tilla, gleam ; touch, cast ; grain, scruple, granule, globule, minim, sup, sip, sop, spice, drop, droplet, sprinkling, dash, smack, tinge, tincture; inch, patch, scantling, dole ; scrap, shred, tag, splin- ter, rag, tatter, cantlet, flitter, gobbet, mite, bit, morsel, crumb, seed, fritter, shive ; snip, -pet ; snick, snack, snatch, slip, scrag; chip, -ping; shiver, sliver,, driblet, clipping, paring, shaving, hair. nutshell; thimble-, spoon-, hand-, cap-, mouth-ful ; fragment ; fraction &c. {part) 5 1 ; drop in the ocean. animalcule &c. 193. trifle &c. {unimportant thinrj) 643 ; mere -, next to- nothing ; hardly any- thing ; just enough to swear by ; the shadow of a shade. finiteness, finite quantity. V. be -small &c. adj. ; lie in a nut- shell. diminish &c. {dccrcaso) 36, {contract) 195- I. III. 2^. QUANTITY. 31—32. -going ; roaring, thumping ; extraor- dinary; important &c. 642; unsur- passed &c. {sujyrone) 23 ', complete &c. 52. vast, immense, enormous, extreme ; inordinate, excessive, extravagant, ex- orbitant, outrageous, preposterous, un- Adj. small, little ; diminutive &c. {small in size) 193 ; minute ; inconsider- able, paltry &c. (unimjjortant) 643 ; faint &c. {weak) 160; slender, liglit;, slight, scanty, scant, limited ; meagro &c. (insufficient) 640 ; sparing ; few &c. 103 ; low, middling, tolerable, no conscionable, swinging, monstrous, over- ! great shakes ; below -, under- -par, - the mark ; at a low ebb ; rate, modest ; tender. half-way; mode- subtle, inappreciable, evanescent, infinite- tiallv to grown ; towering, stupendous, prodigious, astonishing, incredible ; marvellous &c. {wonder) 870. unlimited &c. {infinite) 105 ; unap- proachable, unutterable, indescribable, ineflable, unspeakable, inexpressible, be- yond expression, fabulous. un-diminished, -abated, -reduced, -re- stricted. absolute, positive, stark, decided, un- equivocal, essential, perfect, finished. remarkable, of mark, marked, pointed, veriest ; noteworthy. iidv. [in a positive degree] truly &c. (truth) 494; decidedly, unequivocally, purely, absolutely, seriously, essentially, fundamentally, radically, downright, in all conscience ; for the most part, in the main. [in a complete degree] entirely &c. {completely) 52 ; abundantly &c. {suffi- ciently) 639 ; widely, far and wide. [in a great or high degree] greatl}^ &c. adj. ; much, muckle, well, indeed, very, very much, a deal, no end of, most, not a little ; pretty,- well ; enough, in a great measure, richly ; to a -large, - great, - gigantic- extent ; on a large scale ; so ; never -, ever- so ; ever so much ; by wholesale ; mighty, power- fully ; with a witness, ultra, in the ex- treme, extremely, exceedingly, intensely, exquisitely, acutely, indefinitely, im- measurabh' ; beyond -compare, - com- parison, - measure, - all bounds ; incal- culably, infinitely. [in a supreme degree] pre-eminently, superlatively &c. {sujjeriority) 33. [in a too great degree] immoderately, inordinately, exorbitantly, excessively, portion, with a vengeance. [in a marked degree] particularly, remarkably, singularly, curiously, uncommonly, unusually, peculiarly, notably, signally, strikingly, pointedly, mainly, chiefly ; famously, egregiously, prominently, ^aringly, emphatically, mr c^oxrjv, strangely, wonderfully, amaz- ingh^, surprisingly, astonishingly, incredibly, marvellously, awfully, stupendously. [in an exceptional degree] peculiarly &c. {unconformity) 83. simal, homoeopathic, very small. mere, simple, sheer, stark, bare; near run. Adv. [in a small degree] to a small extent, on a small scale ; a -little, - wee bit ; slightly &c. adj. ; imperceptibly ; miserably, wretchedly ; insufiiciently &c. 640; imperfectly; faintly &c. 160; passably, pretty well, well enough. [in a certain or limited degree] par- \ , in part ; in -, to- a certain degree ; a certain extent ; comparatively ; some, rather; in some -degree, -measure ; some-thing, -what; simply, only, purely, merely ; at -, at the- -least, - most ; ever so little, as little as may be, tant soit peu, in ever so small a degree ; thus far, jn-o tanto, within bounds, in a manner, after a fashion. almost, nearly, well nigh, short of, not quite, all but ; near -, close- upon ; peu s'enfaut, near the mark ; within an -ace, - inch- of; on the brink of ; scarcely, hardly, barely, only just, no more than. [in an uncertain degree] about, there- abouts, somewhere about, nearly, say ; be the same -more, - little more- or less. [in no degree] no- ways,- wise ; not -at all, - in the least, - a bit, - a bit of it, - a whit, - a jot, - a shadow ; in no -wise, - respect ; by no -means, - manner of means ; on no account, at no hand. monstrously, preposterously, enormously, out of all pro- II 31—34. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. I. m. 2^. [in a violent degree] furiously &c. {violence) 1 73 ; severely, ' desperately, tremendously, extravagantly, confoundedly, deucedly, devilishly, with a vengeance ; a -, a toute- outrance. [in a painful degree] painfully, sadly, grossly, sorely, bitterly, piteously, grievously, miserably, cruelly, woefully, lamentably, shockingly, frightfully, dreadfully, fearfully, terribly, horribly. Quantity by Compakisox with a Similar Object. 33. Superiority. — Supremacy. Hr. superiority, majority ; greatness &c. 3 1 ; advantage ; preponder-ance, -ation ; vantage ground, prevalence, partiality ; personal superiority ; nobility &c. (rank) 875 ; Triton among the minnows, jyi'imus inter pares, nulli secundus, captain. supremacy, pre-eminence ; mnximum \ TpiKVfMLa, climax ; culmination Sec. (sum- mit) 210; transcendence ; ne j^liis ultra) lion's share, Banjamin's mess ; excess, surplus &c. {remainder) 40, {redundance) 641. V. be -superior &c. adj. ; exceed, excel, transcend; out- do, -balance, -weigh, -rival, -Herod; pass, surpass, get ahead of; over-top, -ride, -pass, -balance, -weigh, -match; top, o'er- top, cap, beat, cut out; beat hollow; outstrip &c. 303 ; eclipse, throw into the shade, take the shine out of, put one's nose out of joint ; have the -upper hand, - whip hand of, - advantage ; turn the scale, kick the beam ; play first fiddle &c. {importance) 642 ; prepon- derate, predominate, prevail ; precede, take precedence, come first ; come to a liead, culminate; beat &c. all others, bear the palm ; break the record. become -, render- -larger, &c. {increase) 35, {expand) 194. Adj. superior, greater, major, higher ; exceeding &c. v. ; great &c. 31 ; distinguished, ultra ; vaulting; more than a match for. supreme, greatest, utmost, paramount, pre-eminent, foremost, crowiiiDg ; first-rate &c. {important) 642, {excellent) 648 ; unrivalled ; peer-, match-less ; none such, second to none, sans pareil ; un-para- goned, -paralleled, -equalled, -approached, -surpassed ; superlative, inimitable, facile princeps, incomparable, sovereign, without parallel, Mulli secundus, ne plus vltra ; beyond -compare, - comparison : culmi- nating &c. (topmost) 210 ; trauscend-ent, -eulal ; idiis royaliste que le Jtoi. increased &c. (added to) 35 ; enlarged &c. (expanded) 194. Adv. beyond, more, over ; over -, above- the mark ; above par ; unwards -, in advance- of; over and above ; at the top of the scale, at its height. [in a superior or supreme degree] eminently, egregioush', pre-emi- nently, surpassing, prominently, superlatively, supremely, above all, of all things, the most, to crown all, Kar f^oxT)v, par excellence, princi- pally, especially, particularly, peculiarly, ii fortiori, even, yea, still more. Phr. ' we shall not look upon his like again.' 34. Inferiority.— N. inferiority, minority, subordinacy ; shortcoming, deficiency ; minimum ; smallness &c. 32. [personal inferiority] commonalty &c. 876. V. be -inferior &c. adj. ; fall -, come- short of; not -pass, - come up to ; want. become-, render- -m\\?i\\eYkc(decrease) 36, (contract) 195; hide its diminished head, retire into the shade, yield the palm, play second fiddle. Adj. inferior, smaller ; small &c, 32 ; minor, less, lesser, deficient, minus, lower, subordinate, secondary; second- rate &c. (imperfect) 651 ; sub, subaltern; thrown into the shade ; w^eighed in tlie balance and found wanting ; not fit to hold a candle to. least, smallest &c. (see little, small &c. 193) ; lowest. diminished &c. (decreased) 36 ; re- duced &c. (contracted) 195 ; unimport- ant &c. 643. Adv. less ; under -, below- -the mark,. - par ; at -the bottom of the scale, - a low ebb, - a disadvantage ; short of, under. I. III. 3= QUANTITY. 35—38. Changes ix 35. Increase. — »r, increase, aug- 1 mentation, enlargement, extension ; dila- tation &c. {expansion) 194; increment, accretion ; accession &c. ^7 '■> develop- ment, growth; aggrandizement, aggra- vation ; rise ; ascent &c. 305 ; ex-aggera- tion, -acerbation ; spread &c. {di»per»ion) y^ ; flood tide. V. increase, augment, add to, enlarge ; dilate &c. {expand) 1 94 ; grow, wax, get ahead, gain strength ; advance ; run -, shoot- up ; rise ; ascend &c. 305 ; sprout &c. 194. aggrandize ; raise, exalt ; deepen, heighten ; strengthen ; intensify, en- hance, magnify, redouble ; aggravate, exaggerate ; ex-asperate, -acerbate ; add fuel to the flame, oleum addere cmnino, superadd &c. {add) 37 ; spread kc. {disperse) 73. Adj. increased &c. v. ; on the in- crease, undiminished; additional &c. {added) 37. Adv. crescendo. Pbr. vires acquirit eundo. Qtjaxtity. 36. Non-Zncrease, Decrease. — nr. decrease, diminution ; lessening &c. v. ; subtraction »fcc. 38 ; reduction, abatement, declension ; shrinking &c. {contraction) 195; coarctation; abridg- ment &c. {shortening) 201 ; extenuation. subsidence, wane, ebb, decline ; de- scent, &c. 306 ; decrement, reflux, depre- ciation ; deterioration &c. 659 ; anti- climax ; mitigation &c. {moderation) ij 4.. V. decrease, diminish, lessen ; abridge &:c. {shoHen) 20 1 ; shrink &c. {contract) 195 ; drop -, fall -, tail- ofi"; fall away, waste, w^ear ; wane, ebb, decline ; de- scend kc. 306 ; subside ; melt -, die -away ; retire into the shade, hide its di- minished head, fall to a low ebb, nm low, languish, decay, crumble. bate, abate, dequantitate ; discount ; depreciate ; extenuate, lower, weaken, attenuate, fritter away ; mitigate iS:c. {moderate) 1 74 ; dwarf, throw into the shade; reduce &c. 195; shorten »S:c. 201 ; subtract &:c. 38. Adj. unincreased &c. {see increase &c. 35) ; decreased &c. v. ; decreasing &c. v. ; on the -wane &c. n. ; ' fine by degrees and beautifully less.' 3°. CoxJUXCTivE Quantity. 37. Addition.- IT. addition, an- | 38. Non - Addition. Sub- nexation, adjection ; junction kc. 43 ; < duction. — N". sub-duction, -traction ; super-position, -addition, -junction, -feta- | deduction, retrenchment ; removal; ab-, tion ; accession, reinforcement ; increase | sub-lation ; abstraction &c. {taking) &c. 35 ; increment, supplement ; accom- : 789; garbling &c. v.; mutilation, de- paniment &c. 88 ; interposition kc. 228 ; \ truncation ; amputation ; abs-, ex-, re- insertion &c. 300. V. add, annex, affix, superadd, sub- join, superpose ; clap -, saddle- on ; tack to, append, tag ; ingraft ; saddle with ; sprinkle ; introduce &c. {interpose) 228 ; ir.sert kc. 300. cision ; curtailment &c. 201 ; minuend, subtrahend ; decrease &:c. 36 ; abrasion. V. sub-duct, -tract ; de-duct, -duce ; bate, retrench ; remove, withdraw ; take -from, - away ; detract. garble, mutilate, amputate, detrun- become added, accrue ; ad-, super- cate ; cut -ofl", - away, - out ; abscind, Tene. reinforce, swell the ranks of; aug- ment kite. 35. Adj. added &c. v. ; additional : sup- plement, -al, -ary ; suppletory, subjunc- tive ; adjec-, adsci-, asci-titious ; addi- tive, extra, accessory. Adv. in addition, more, plus, ex-tra ; and, also, likewise, too, furthermore, further, item ; and -also, - eke ; else, besides, to boot, et cmtcra ; &c. ; and so excise ; pare, thin, prune, decunate ; abrade, scrape, file ; geld, castrate ; eliminate diminish &c. 36 ; curtail kc. {shorteri) 201 ; deprive of &c. {take) 789. Adj. subtracted &c. v.; subtractive. Adv. in -deduction &c. n. ; less ; short of; minus, without, except, excepting, with the exception of, barring, save, ex- clusive of, save and except, with a reservation. 13 37—42. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. -on, - forth ; into the bargain, cum multis aliis, oyer and above, more- over. with, withal ; including, inclusive, as well as, not to mention, let alone ; together -, along -, coupled -, in conjunction- with ; con- jointly^ ; jointly &c. 43. 39. [Thing added.] Adjunct 35r. adjunct; addit-ion, -ament; adcli- tumj aihx, appendage, annexe ; augment, -ation ; increment, reinforcement, super- numerary, accessory, item ; garnish, sauce I, III. 3°. alluvium. ; balance, 40. [Thing remaining.] Zteinain°> der. — N". remainder, residue ; remains, remanet, remnant, rest, relic ; leavings, heel-tap, odds and ends, cheese-parings, candle ends, orts ; residuuin ; dregs &c. {clirf?^ 653 ; refuse &c. {useless) 645 ; stubble, result, educt ; fag-end ; ruius, wreck, skeleton, stump ; surplus, overplus, excess complement : superfluity &c. {i-edun dance) 641 ; surviv-al, -ance. V. remain ; be -left &c. adj. ; exceed, survive •, leave. Adj. remaining, left; left -behind, - over ; residu-al, -ary ; over, odd ; un- consuraed, sedimentary ; surviving ; net ; I exceeding, over and above; out-lying, -standing; cast off &c. 782 ; I superfluous &c. {redundant) 641. 40a. [Thing deducted.] Decrement,— W. decrement, discount, accompaniment &c. 88 ; adjective, ad- de-.idum ; complement, supplement ; con- tinuation. rider, off-shoot, episode, corollary; piece ; flap, lappet, skirt, em broidery, trap- pings, cortege ; tail, suflix, Sec. (sequel) 65. Adj. additional &c. 37. Adv. in addition &c. 37. defect, loss, deduction 41. [Forming a whole without co- herence.] Blixture.— M". mix-,admix-, commix-ture, -tion ; commixion, inter- mixture, alloyage, matrimony; junc- tion &c. 43 ; combination &c. 48. impregnation ; in-, dif-, suf-, trans- fusion ; infiltration; seasoning, sprink- ling, interlarding ; interpolation &c. 228 ; adulteration, sophistication. [Thing mixed] tinge, tincture, touch, dash, smack, sprinkling, spice, season- ing, infusion, soujygon. [Compound resulting from mixture] alloy, amalgam, maf/ma, half-and-half, melange, tertium quid, miscellany, am- higu, medley, mess, hotchpot, pasticcio, patchwork, odds and ends, all sorts ; jumble &c. (clisorder) 59 ; salad, sauce, mash, omnium gatherum, gallimaufry, olla podrida, olio, salmagundi, pot- 2)ourri, Noah's ark, caldron ; texture, mingled yarn ; mosaic &c. {variegation) 440. half-blood, -caste ; mulatto ; terc-, quart-, quint-eron, &c. ; quad-, octo-roon ; grifo, zambo ; cross, hybrid, mongrel. V. mix ; join &c. 43; combine &c. 48 ; com-, im-, inter-mix; mix up with, mingle; com-, inter-, be-mingle ; shuffle &c. {derange) 61 -, pound together ; hash -, stir- up ; knead, brew ; impregnate with ; interlard &c. {interpolate) 228; inter-twine, -weave &c. 219; associate with. be mixed &c. ; get among, be entangled with. 14 42. [Freedom from mixture.] Slm- pleness. — m. simpleness &c. adj. purity, homogeneity. elimination ; sifting &c. v. ; purifica- tion &c. {cleanness) 652. V. render -simple &c. adj. ; simplify. sift, winnow, bolt, eliminate ; clear ; purify &c. {clean) 652 ; disentangle «fec. {disjoin) 44. Adj. simple, uniform, of a piece, homogeneous, single, pure, clear, sheer, neat. un-mixed, -mingled, -blended, -com- bined, -compounded ; elementary, unde- composed ; un-adulterated, -sophisti- cated, -alloyed, -tinged, -fortified ; ;?wr et simple. free -, exempt- from ; exclusive. Adv. simply &c. adj. ; only. I. III. 3°. QUANTITY. €1— 4b*. instil, imbue ; in-, suf-, trans-fuse ; infiltrate, dash, tinge, tincture, season, sprinkle, besprinkle, attemper, medicate, blend, cross ; alloy, amalgamate, compound, adulterate, sophisticate, infect. Adj. mixed &c. v. ; implex, composite, half-and-half, linsey-wolsey, hybrid, mongrel, heterogeneous ; motley &c. {variegated) 440 ; mis- cellaneous, promiscuous, indiscriminate ; miscible. Adv. among, amongst, amid, amidst, with ; in the midst of, in the crowd. 4:3. Junction. — »r.junction ; join- j ing &c. V. ; joinder, union ; con-nexion, ! -junction, -jugation, annex-ion, -ation, j -ment ; astriction, attachment, compa- j gination, yincture, ligation, alligation; j accouplement ; marriage &c. (icedlocJc) \ 903 ; infibulation, inosculation, symphy- sis, anastomosis, confluence, communica- tion, concatenation ; meeting, reunion ; assemblage &c. 72. joint, joining, juncture, pivot, hinge, articulation, c(numissure, seam, suture, stitch ; link &c. 45 ; mitre, mortise. closeness, tightness, &c. adj. ; cohe- rence &c. 46 ; combination &c. 48. V. join, unite ; con-join, -nect ; asso- ciate ; put -, lay -, clap -, hang -, lump -, hold -, piece -, tack -, fix -, bind up- together ; embody, re-embody ; roll into one, attach, fix, affix, saddle on, fasten, bind, secure, clinch, twist, make -fast &c. adj. ; tie, pinion, string, strap, sew, lace, stitch, tack, knit, button, buckle, hitch, lash, truss, bandage, braid, splice, swathe, gird, tether, moor, picket, har- ness, chain; fetter &c. (restrain) y^i ', lock, latch, belay, brace, hook, grapple, leash, couple, accouple, link, yoke, bracket ; marry Sec. (tved) 903 ; bridge over, span. pin, nail, bolt, hasp, clasp, clamp, screw, rivet ; impact, solder, set ; weld -, fuse-together; wedge, rabbet, mortise, mitre, jam, dovetail, enchase ; graft, in- graft, inosculate ; en-, in-twine ; inter- link, -lace, -twine, -twist, -weave ; en- tangle ; twine round, belay ; tighten ; trice -, screw- up. be -joined Sec. ; hang-, hold- together ; cohere t^c. 46. Adj. joined &c. v. ; joint ; con-joint, -junct ; corporate, compact ; hand in hand. firm, fast, close, tight, taut, taught, fiecure, set, intervolved ; in-separable, -dissoluble, -secable, -severable. 44. Disjunction. — u. dis-j unc- tion, -connection, -unity, -union, -associa- tion, -engagement ; discontinuity &c. 70 : inconnection ; abstract-ion, -edness ; iso- lation; insul-arity, -ation; oasis; sepa- rateness &c. adj. ; severalty ; disjecta membra ; dispersion &c. 7^ ; apportion- ment &c. 786. separation ; parting &c. v. ; detach- ment, segregation ; divorce, sejunction, seposition, diduction, diremption, dis- , cerption ; elision ; ccesura, division, sub- division, break, fracture, rupture ; corn- partition ; dis-memberment, -integra- tion, -location ; luxation ; sever-, dis- sever-ance ; scission ; re-, ab-scission ; lacer-, dilacer-ation ; dis-, ab-ruption ; avulsion, divulsion ; section, resection, i cleavage; fission. j fissure, breach, rent, split, rift, crack, I slit, incision. I dissection, anatomy ; decomposition ; &c. 49 ; cutting instrument &c. (s/ia?'])- I ness) 253. V. be -disjoined &c. : come -, fall- -off, - to pieces ; peel ofi' ; get loose. dis-join, -connect, -engage, -unite, -soci- ate, -pair ; divorce, part, dispart, detach, separate, cut off', rescind, segregate ; set -, keep- apart ; insulate, isolate ; throw out of gear ; cut adrift ; loose ; un-loose, -do, -bind, -chain, -lock &c. ijii') 43, -pack, -ravel ; disentangle ; set free &c. {liberate) 730. sunder, divide, subdivide, sever, dis- sever, abscind ; cut ; in-cide, -cise ; saw, snip, nib, nip, cleave, rive, rend, slit, split, splinter, chip, crack, snap, break, tear, burst ; rend &c. -asunder, - in twain ; wrench, rupture, shatter, shiver, crancli, crunch, craunch.chop ; cut -,rip- up ; hack, hew, slash ; whittle ; haggle, hackle, dis- cind, lacerate, scamble, mangle, gash, hash, slice. cut up, carve, dissect, anatomize ; take -, pull -, pick -, tear- to pieces ; tear -to tatters, - piecemeal ; divellicate ; IS 43— "47. ABSTRACT KELATIOXS. Adv. jointly &c. adj. ; in conjunction with &c. {in addition to) 37 ; fast, lirmly, &c. adj. ; intimately. I. III. 3''. skin Sec. 226; dis-iutej^rate, -member, -branch, -band; disperse &c. 73; dis-lo- cate, -joint ; break up ; mince ; comminute &c. {pulverize) 330; apportion Sec. 786. part, - company ; separate, leave. Adj. disjoined Sec. v. ; discontinuous &c. 70; multipartite, abstract ; disjunctive; isolated &c. v.-, insular, separate, disparate, discrete, apart, asunder, far between, loose, free ; un-attached, -annexed, -associated, -connected ; distinct ; adrift ; stra^glino: ; rift, reft. [capable of being cut] scissile, divisible. Adv. separately, &c. adj. ; one by one, severally, apart ; adrift, asunder, in twain ; in the abstract, abstractedly. 45. [Connecting medium.] Vinculum.— U. vinculum, link; connec-tive, -tion ; junction Sec. 43 ; bond of union, copula, intermedium, hyphen ; bracket ; bridge, steppiug-stone, isthmus. bond, tendon, tendril; fibre; cord, -age; riband, ribbon, rope, guy, cable, line, halser, hawser, painter, moorings, wire, chain; siring &c. {Jilamenf) 205. fastening, tie ; liga-ment, -ture ; strap ; tackle, rigging ; standing -, running- rigging; traces, harness; yoke; band, -age; brace, roller, fillet ; inkle ; with, withe, withy ; thong, braid ; girder, tie-beam ; girth, girdle, cestus, garter, halter, noose, lasso, surcingle, knot, running knot. pin, corking pin, nail, brad, tack, skewer, staple, clamp ; cramp, screw, button, buckle, clasp, hasp, hinge, hank, catch, latch, bolt, latchet, tag ; tooth ; hook, - and eye ; lock, holdfast, padlock, rivet ; anchor, grappling-iron, trennel, stake, post. cement, glue, gum, paste, size, wafer, solder, lute, putty, bird-lime, mortar, stucco, plaster, grout. shackle, rein Sec. {means of restraint) 752 ; prop &c. (sitjJjJOi't) 215. V. bridge over, span ; connect Sec. 43 ; hang &c. 214. 46. Coherence. — lar. co-, ad-h3r- ence, -hesion, -hesiveness ; concretion, accretion ; con-, ag-glutination, -glo- meration ; aggregation ; consolidation, set, cementation; sticking, soldering &c. V. tenacity, toujrhness ; stickiness Sec. 352; insepara-bility, -bleness; bur, remora. conglomerate, concrete &c. {density) 321. V. cohere, adhere, stick, cling, cleave, hold, take hold of, hold fast, close with, clasp, hug ; grow -, hang- together ; twine round Sec. (join) 43. stick like -a leech, - wax ; stick close ; cling like -ivy, - a bur ; adhere like -a remora, - Dejanira's shirt. glue ; ag-, con-glutinate ; cement, lute, paste, gum ; solder, weld ; cake, consolidate .^c. {solidify) 321 ; agglomerate. Adj. CO-, ad-hesive, -hering &c. v. ; tenacious, tough ; sticky &c. 352. united, unseparated, sessile, inseparable, inextricable, infmngible ; compact &c. {dense) 321. 16 47. [Want of adhesion, non-adhesion, immiscibility.] Incoherence. — nr. non-adhesion ; immiscibility ; incoher- ence ; looseness Sec. adj. ; laxity ; re- laxation ; loosening &c. v. ; freedom ; disjunction &c. 44 ; rope of sand. V. make -loose Sec. adj. ; loosen, slacken, relax; un-glue &c. 46; detach &c. {disjoin) 44. Adj. non-adhesive, immiscible ; in- coherent, detached, loose, slack, lax, re- laxed, flapping, streaming; dishevelled; segregated, like grains of sand ; un- consolidated Sec. 321, -combined &c. 48. I. iir. 4°. QUANTITY. •ftS— 51. 48. Combination*— ST. combi- nation; mixture &c. 41 ; junction &c. 43 ; union, unification, synthesis, incor- poration, amalgamation, embodiment, coalescence, crasis, fusion, blending, ab- sorption, centralization. compound, amalgam, composition, tertium quid ; resultant, impregnation, V. combine, unite, incorporate, amal- gamate, embody, absorb, re-embody, blend, merge, fuse, melt into one, con- solidate, coalesce, centralize, impreg- nate ; put -, lump- together ; cement a union, marry. Adj. combined kc v. ; impregnated -with, ingrained. I 49. Decomposition.— XT. de- I composition, analysis, dissection, reso- j lution, catalysis, dissolution ; corruption I &c. {uncleanness) 653 ; dispers-ion &c. JTf ; disjunction &c. 44. V. decom-pose, -pound ; analyze, dis- embody, dissolve ; resolve -, separate- into its elements; electrolyze; dissect, decentralize, break up; disperse &c. 73 ; unravel &c. (unroll) 313 ; crumble into ! dust. j Adj. decomposed &c. v. ; catalytic, : analvtical. 4°. CoxcRETE Quantity. 50. Whole. [Principal part.] — U. I 51. Part.— N". part, portion; dose ; whole, totality, integrity ; totalness &c. item, particular; aught, any; division, adj.; entirety, ense)7ible, collectiveness; ward; subdivision, section; chapter, unity &c. 87; completeness &c. 52; indi- 1 verse; article, clause, count, paragraph, visibility, indiscerptibility ; integration, passage ; sector, segment ; fraction, embodiment ; integer. Iragment ; cantle, -t ; frustum ; detach- all, the whole, total, aggregate, one ment, parcel, and all, gross amount, sum, sum-total, piece, lump, bit ; cut, -ting ; chip, tout ensemble, length and breadth of, j collop, slice, scale ; lamina etc. 204 ; Alpha and Omega, ' be all and end all.' - small part ; morsel, particle kc. {small- bulk, mass, lump, tissue, staple, body, noss) 32 ; instalment, dividend ; share compages ; trunk, bole, hull, hulk, skefe- , kc. {allotment) 786. ton ; greater -, major -, best -, princi- debris, odds and ends, oddments, pal-, main- part; essential part kc.\ detritus; excerpta; member, limb, lobe, {importance) 642 ; lion's share, Ben- | lobule, arm, wing, scion, branch, bough, jamin'smess; the long and the short; ■ ioint, link^ oftshoot, ramification, twig nearly -, almost- all, V. form -, constitute- a whole ; inte- grate, embody, amass : aggregate kc. {assemble) 72 ; amount to, come to. Adj. whole, total, integral, entire ; ^complete &c. 52 ; one, individual. un-broken, -cut, -divided, -severed, -clipped, -cropped, -shorn ; seamless ; undiminished : un-demolished, -dissol- ved, -destroyed, -bruised. bush, spray, sprig ; runner ; leaf, -let ; stump ; component part »S:c, 56 compartment ; department kc. {class) 75 ; county kc {region) 18 r, V. partj divide, break kc. {disjoin) 44 ; partition kc. {apportion) 786. Adj. fractional, fragmentary; sec- tional, aliquot ; divided &c, v. ; in com- partments, multifid. Adv. partly, in part, partially; piece- in-divisible, -dissoluble, -dissolvable, ' meal, part by part ; by -instalments,^ - snatches, - inches, - driblets ; bit by bit, inch by inch, foot by foot, drop by drop • in -detail, - lots. -discerptible. wholesale, sweeping. Adv. wholly, altogether : totally kc. {completely) 52 ; entii-ely, all, all in all, wholesale, in a body, "^collectively, all put together ; in the -aggregate, - lump, - mass, - gross, - main, - long run ; en masse, on the whole, bodily en bloc, in extenso, throughout, every inch ; substantially. 17 c 52—55. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. I. III. 4°. 52. Completeness. — ir. com- pleteness &c. adj. ; completion &c, 729 ; integration. entirety ; perfection &c. 650 ; solid-it}', -arity ; unity ; all ; ne plus ultra, ideal, limit. complement, supplement,malieweiglit ; filling up kc. V. impletion ; satur-ation, -ity ; high water ; high -, flood -, spring- tide ; till, load, bumper, bellyful ; brimmer ; suffi- ciency &c. 639. V. be -complete &c. adj. : come to a head. render -complete &c. adp; complete &c. {accoynplisJi) 729 ; fill, charge, load, re- plenish ; make -up, - good ; piece -, eke- out ; supply deficiencies : fill -up, - in, - to the brim, - the measure of ; saturate, go the whole -hog, - length ; go all lengths. Adj. complete, entire ; whole &c. 50 ; perfect kc. 650 ; full, good, absohite, thorough, plenary ; solid, undivided ; with all its parts. exhaustive, radical, sweeping, tho- rough-going; dead. regular, consummate, unmitigated, sheer, unqualified, unconditional, free ; abundant &c. (sufficient) 639. brimming ; brim-, top-fiil ; chock -, choke- full ; as full as -an q^^ is of meat, - a vetcli ; saturated, crammed ; replete &c. {redundant) 641 ; fraught, laden ; full-laden, -fraught, -charged ; heavy laden. completing &c. v. ; supplement-al, -ary ; ascititious. Adv. completely Sec. adj. ; altogether, outright, wholly, totally, in toto, quite ; over head and ears ; efiectually, for good and all, nicely, fully, through thick and thin, head and shoulders ; neck and -heel, - crop ; in -all respects, - every respect ; at all points, out and out, to all intents and purposes ; toto coda ; utterly, clean, - as a whistle ; to the -full, - utmost, - backbone ; hollow, stark ; heart and soul, root and branch. to the top of one's bent, as far as possible, a outrance, throughout ; from -first to last, - beginning to end, - end to end, - one end to the other, - Dan to Beersheba, - head to foot, -top to toe, - top to bottom ; de fond en comble ; a fond, a capite ad calcem, ab ova usque ad mala, fore and aft ; every -whit, - inch ; cap-a-pie, to the end of the chapter ; up to the -brim, - ears, - eyes ; as . , as can be. on all accounts ; sous tons Ics raj)ports ; with a -vengeance, - witness. 53. Incompleteness. — ir. in- completeness &c. adj. ; deficiency, short measure ; shortcoming &c. 304 ; insuffi- ciency &c. 640 ; imperfection &c. 65 1 ; immaturity &c. (non-prepai'ation) 674 ; half measures. [part wanting] defect, deficit, defal- cation, omission, caret ; interval &c. 198; break &c. {discontinuitjf) 70: non- completion &c. 730; missing link. v. be -incomplete &c. adj. ; fall short of &c. 304; lack &c. {he insufficient) 640 ; neglect &:c. 460. Adj. incomplete ; imperfect kc. 651 ; uniinished ; uncompleted &c. {see com- plete &c. 729) ; defective, deficient, wanting, failing ; in -default, - arrear ; short, - of ; hollow, meagre, lame, half- and-half, perfunctory, sketchy; crude &c. {unprepared) 674,' mutilated, garbled, docked, lonped, truncated. in -progress, - hand ; going on, pro- ceeding. Adv. incompletely &c. adj. , Phr. ccBtera desunt ; caret. by halves. 54. Composition.— wr. compo- sition, constitution, crasis ; combination &c. 48 ; inclusion, admission, compre- hension, reception. V. be -composed, - made, - formed, •• • made up- of ; consist of, be resolved into. include &c. {in a class) 76 ; contain, 18 55. Exclusion.— nr. exclusion, non-admission, omission, exception, re- jection, repudiation : exile kc. (seclusion) '893. separation, segregation, seposition, eli- mination, coffer-dam. V. be excluded from &c. exclude, bar ; leave -,shut -, bar- out j I. IV. QU ANTIT Y— ORDER. 5€— 59. hold, comprehend, take in, admit, em- brace, embody ; involve ; implicate, drag into. compose, constitute, form, make ; make -, fill -, build- up ; enter into the composition of &c. {be a component) 56. i^dj. containing, constituting &c. i\ Adv. exclusive of, barrin reject, repudiate, blackball ; lay -, put -, set- -apart, -aside ; relegate, segregate ; throw overboard ; strike -off, - out ; neg- lect &c. 460 ; banish &c. {seclude) 893 ; separate &c. {disjoin) 44. pass over, omit ; garble ; eliminate, weed, winnow. Adj. excluding &c. v. ; exclusive. excluded etc. v. ; unrecounted, not included in ; inadmissible. ^; except ; with the exception of; save. 56. Component.— ^.component ; component -, integral -, integrant- part ; element, constituent, ingredient, leaven ; part and parcel; contents; appurten- ance; feature; member &c. {pa7-f) 5 1 ; personnel. V. enter into, - the composition of; be a -component Sec. n;he-, form- part &c. 51 of ; merge -, be merged- in ; be implicated in: share in Sec. {partici- pate) yyS ; belong -, appertain- to. form, make, constitute, compose. Adj. forming Sec. v. ; inclusive. 1 57. Eztraneousness.— N. ex- I traneousness &c. adj. ; extrinsicality &c. I 6 ; exteriority Sec. 220. j foreign -body, - substance, - element ; ' alien, stranger, intruder, interloper, fo- I reigner, novus /lomo, new comer, immi-, emi-grant ; creole, Afrikander. Adj. extraneous, foi-eign, alien, ul- terior ; tra-, ultra-montane. excluded &c. 55; inadmissible ; ex- ceptional. Adv. in foreign -parts, - lauds; a- broad, beyond seas. Section IV. ORDER. 1°. Oeder in General. 58. Order. — M". order, regularity, uniformity, symmetry, lucidus ordo ; music of the spheres. gradation, progression ; series Sec. (^continuity) 69. subordination ; course, even tenour, routine ; method, disposition, arrange- ment, array, system, economy, disci- pline ; orderliness Sec. adj. rank, place, &c. {term) 71. V. be -, become- in order &c. adj. ; form, fall in, draw up; arrange -, range -, place- itself ; fall into -, take- -one's place, - rank ; rally round. Adj. orderly, regular; in -order, - trim, - apple-pie order, - its proper place; neat, tidy, en ref/Ie, well regu- lated, correct, methodical, uniform, symmetrical, ship-shape, business-like, systematic ; unconfused &c. (see confuse &c. 61) ; arranged Sec. 60. Adv. in order ; methodically &c. adj. ; in -turn, - its turn ; step by step ; by regular -steps, - gradations, - stages, - intervals ; seriatim, systematically, by 19 5S). [Absence, or want of Order, &c.] Disorder. — w. disorder ; derange- ment &c. 61 ; irregularity; anomaly ice. {unconformiti/) 83 ; anar-chy, -chisiii ; want of method ; untidiness &c. adj. ; disunion ; discord Sec. 24. confusion ; confusednet^s Sec. adj. ; dis- array, jumble, huddle, litter, lumber; cahotaf/e ; farrago ; mess, mash, muddle, hash, hodgepodge ; hotch-potch, -pot ; imhrof/lio, chaos, omnium f/atherum, medley ; mere -mixture Sec. 41 ; fortui- tous concourse oi&Xoms, disjecta membra, rudis indigestaque moles. complexity ; complexness &:c. adj. ; com-, im-plication ; intri-cacy, -cation ; perplexity ; network, labyrinth ; wilder- ness, jungle ; involution, ravelling, en- tanglement ; coil Sec. {convolution) 248 ; sleave, tangled skein, knot, Gordian knot, wheels within wheels. turmoil ; ferment, &c. {agitation) 315 ; to do, trouble, pudder, pother, row, dis- turbance, convulsion, tumult, uproar, riot, rumpus, stour, scramble, fracas, 02 SS— 61. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. I. IV. 1° clockwork, (fradatim ; at stated periods &c. (jjeriodicalli/) 138. embroilment, melee, spill and pelt, rough and tumble ; whirlwind &c. 349 ; bear garden. Babel, Saturnalia, Donnybrook Fair, confusion worse confounded, most admired disorder, concordia discofs ; Bedlam -, hell- broke loose ; bull in a china shop ; all the fat in the fire, diable a quatre, Devil to pay ; pretty kettle of fish ; pretty piece of -work, - business. slattern, slut. V. be -disorderly &c. adj. ; ferment, play at cross purposes. put out of order ; derange &c. 61 ; ravel &c. 219; ruffle, rumple. Adj. disorderly, orderless ; out of -order, - place, - gear ; irregular, desultory ; anomalous kc. (unconformable) 83 ; straggling ; un-, im- methodical ; unsymmetric, unsystematic ; untidy, slovenly ; dislocated ; out of sorts ; promiscuous, indiscriminate ; chaotic, anarchical ; un- arranged &c. (see arrange &:c. 60) ; confused ; deranged &c. 61 ; topsy turvy &c. (inverted) 218; shapeless &c. 241 ; disjointed, out of joint. com-plex, -plexed ; intricate, complicated, perplexed, involved, ravelled, entangled, knotted, tangled, inextricable ; irreducible. troublous 5 riotous &c. (violent) 1 y;^. Adv. irregularly &c. adj. ; by tits and -snatches, - starts ; pell-mell ; liiggledy-piggledy ; helter-skelter, harum-scarum ; in a lerment ; at -sixes and sevens, - cross purposes ; upside dovv'n &c. 218. Phr. the cart before the horse, varepov nporepov, chaos is come ajrain. 60. [Reduction to Order.] Ar- rang*einent. — w. arrangement ; plan &c. 626 ; preparation &c. 673 ; dispos-al, -ition ; col-, al-location ; distribution •, sorting &c. v. ; assortment, allotment, apportionment, ta.vis, taxonomy, si/n- taxis, graduation, organization. analysis, classitication, division, diges- tion. [Result of arrangement] digest ; syn- opsis &c. (compendium) 596 ; si/ntapna, table, atlas; register &c. (record) 551; organism, architecture. [Instrument for sorting] sieve, riddle, screen. V. reduce to -, bring into- order ; in- troduce order into ; rally. arrange, dispose, place, form ; put -, set -, place- in order ; set out, collocate, pack, marshal, range, size, rank, group, parcel out, allot, distribute, deal : cast -, assign- the parts ; dispose of, assign places to ; assort, sort ; sift, riddle ; put -, set- -to rights, - into shape, - in trim, - in array. class, -ify ; divide : file, string toge- ther, thread; register Sec. (record) 551 ; catalogue, tabulate, index, graduate, di- gest. I methodize, regulate, sys'ematize, coor 20 €1. [Subversion of Order; bringing into disorder.] Derang'ement. — x, derangement &c. v. ; disorder &c. 59 ; evection, discomposure, disturbance ; dis-, de-organization ; dislocation ; per- turbation, interruption ; shuffling &c. v. ; inversion &c. 218; corrugation &c. (fold) 258. V. derange ; dis-, mis-arrange ; dis-, mis-place ; mislay, discompose, disorder, de-, dis-organize ; embroil, unsettle, dis- turb, confuse, trouble, perturb, jumble, tumble; huddle, shuffle, muddle, toss, hustle, fumble, riot ; bring -, put -, throw- into -disorder kc. 59 ; break the ranks, disconcert, convulse; break in upon. unhinge, dislocate, put out of joint, throw out of gear. turn topsy-turvy kc. (invert) 218; bedevil ; complicate, involve, perplex, confound ; im-, em-brangle ; tangle, en- tangle, ravel, towzle, dishevel, ruffle; rumple &c. (fold) 258. litter, scatter; mix &c. 41. Adj. deranged kc. v. ; syncre-tic, -tistic. dinate, organize, settle, fix. I. I\. 2' ORDER. 60— S7. unravel, disentangle, ravel, card ; disembroil. Adj. arranged &c. v.; embattled, in battle array; cut and dried; methodical, orderly, regular, systematic. 2°. CoxsEcuTivE Order. 6Z. Precedence. — x. precedence; coming before Sec. v. ; the lead, le pas ; superiority kc. 33 ; importance kc. 642 ; anteced-ence, -ency ; anteriority kc. {front) 234 ; precursor &c. 64 ; priority ♦to. 116; precession &c. 280; auteposi- tion. V. precede ; come -before, - lirst ; head, lead, take the lead ; lead the -way, - dance ; introduce, usher in ; have the pas ; set the fashion &c. (in/luence) 1 J^ ; open the ball ; take -, have- precedence ; have the start &c. {(/et before) 280. place before ; prefix ; premise, pre- lude, preface. Adj. preceding &c. v.-, pre-, ante- cedent ; anterior ; prior &c. 116; be- fore ; former, foregoing; before-, above- mentioned ; aforesaid, said ; precurs-ory, -ive ; prevenient, preliminary, prefator}', introductory ; prelus-ive, -ory ; proemial, preparatory. Adv. before ; in advance &c. {precess Phr. seniores priores. 64. Precursor. — w. precursor, antecedent, precedent, predecessor; fore- runner, van-courier, avant-coureur, pio- neer, prodrome, prodromes, outrider; leader, bell-wether ; herald, harbinger ; dawn. prelude, preamble, preface, prologue 63. Sequence. — w. sequence, coming after ; going after kc. {follo20- in(/) 281 ; consecution, succession; pos- teriority &c. 117. continuation ; order of succession ; successiveness. secondariness ; subordinancy &c. {in* ferioriti/) 34. V. succeed ; come -after, - on, - next ; follow, ensue, step into the shoes of; alternate. place after, suffix, append. Adj. succeeding kc. v.; sequent; sub-, con-sequent; sequacious, proxi- mate, next ; consecutive kc. {contmuity) 69; alternate, amoebsean. latter ; posterior kc. 1 1 7. Adv. after, subsequently; behind «&a {rear) 235. ion) 280. 65. Sequel. — jt. sequel, suffix, successor ; tail, queue, train, wake, trail, rear; retinue, suite; appendix, postscript; epilogue ; peroration ; codicil ; continua- tion, sequela ; appendage ; tail -, heel- piece ; tag, more last words ; colophon. after-part, -piece, -course, -thought, foreword, avant-propos, protasis, proe- -game ; arriere pensee, second thoughts. Tnium, prolusion, proem, pi-olepsis, pro- legomena, prefix, introduction ; heading, frontispiece, groundwork ; preparation &c. 673 ; overture, exordium, symphony ; premises. prefigurement &c. 511; omen &c. 512. Adj. precursory; prelu-sive, -sory, -dious ; proemial, introductory, prefatorv, prodromous, inaugural, preliminary ; precedent &c. {pnor) 116. 66. Begrinning*. — xr. beginning, commencement, opening, outset, inci- pience, inception, inchoation ; introduc- tion &:c. (precursor) 64 ; alp?ia ; initial ; inauguration, debut, le premier pas, em- barcation, rising of the curtain; out- break, onset, brunt ; initiative, move, 67. Snd. — X. end, close, termina- tion ; disinence, conclusion, finis, finale, ' period, term, terminus, last, mneya ; ex- treme, -tremity ; gable -, butt -, fag- end-; tip, nib, point ; tail kc. (rear) 235; verge kc. (edge) 2^1 ', tag, perora- tion ; bonne bouche. 21 66—68. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. I. IV. 2* first move ; narrow -, tbin- end of the wedge ; fresh start, new depar- ture. origin &c. {cai(se) 153; source, rise; bud, germ &c. 153; egg, rudiment; genesis, birth, nativity, cradle, infancy; start, starting-point &c. 293 ; dawn &c. (jnormnr/) 125, consummation, denouement ; finish &c. {completion) 729; fate; doom, -sday ; crack of doom, day of Judgment, fall of the curtain ; goal, destination ; limit, determination; expiration, expiry; death &c. 360 ; end of all things ; finality ; escliatology. break up, commencement de la Jin, last title-page ; head, -ing ; van Szc. {front) stage, turning point ; coup de grace 234. death-blow. V. end, close, finish, terminate, con- chops, lips, porch, portal, portico, propt/- \ elude, be all over ; expire ; die &c. 360 ; Ion, door ; gate, -way ; postern, wicket, \ come -, draw- to a -close &c. n. ; have en-ti*ance, -try ; inlet, orifice, mouth, run its course ; run out, pass away. bring to an -end Sec. n. ; put an end to, make an end of ; determine ; get through ; achieve &c. {complete) 729 ; stop &c. {make to cease) 142; shut up shop. Adj. ending &c. v. ; final, terminal, definitive ; crowning &c. {cornpletimf) 729 ; last, ultimate ; hindermost ; rear &c. 235 ; caudal. contermin-ate, -ous, -able. ended &c. v. ; at an end ; settled, decided, over, played out, set at rest; conclusive. penultimate ; last but -one, - two, &c. unbegun, uncommenced ; fresh. Adv. finally &c. adj. ; in fine ; at the last ; once for all. threshold, vestibule ; skirts, bolder &c, {edge) 231. first -stage, - blush, - glance, - im- pression, - sight. rudiments, elements, outlines, gram- mar, alphabet, ABC. V. begin, commence, inchoate, rise, arise, originate, conceive, initiate, open, dawn, set in, take its rise, enter upon, enter ; set out &c. (dejjart) 293 ; embark in. usher in ; lead -oflT, - the wa}' ; take the -lead, - initiative ; inaugurate, head ; ptand -at the head, - first, - for ; lay the Ibundations &(!. {jirepare) 673 ; found &c. {cause) 153; set -up, - on foot, - agoing, - abroach, - the ball in motion ; apply the match to a train ; launch, broach ; open -up, - the door to ; set -about, - to work ; make a -be- ginning, - start; handsel ; take the first step, lay the first stone, cut the first turf; break -ground, - the ice, - cover ; pass -, cross- the Rubicon ; open -fire, - the ball ; ventilate, air ; undertake &C. 676. come into -existence, - the world ; make one's debut, take birth ; burst forth, break out ; spring -, crop- up. begin -at the beginning, - ab ovo, - again, - de novo ; start afresh, make a fresh start, shufiie the cards, resume, recommence. Adj. beginning &c. v. ; initi-al, -atory, -ative; inceptive, introduc- tory, incipient ; proemial, inaugural ; incho-ale, -ative ; embryonic, rudimental ; primogenial ; primeval &c. {old) 1 24 ; aboriginal ; natal, nascent. first, foremost, leading ; maiden. begun &c. v. ; just -begun &c. v. Adv. at -, in- the beginning kc. n. ; first, in the first place, im- primis, first and foremost ; in limine ; in -the bud, - embryo, - its infancy ; from -the beginning, - its birth ; ab -initio, - ovo, - incu- nabilis. 68. middle. — wr. middle, midst, mediety ; mean &c. 29 ; medium, middle term; centre Sec. 222, mid-course &c. 628 ; mezzo termine; juste milieu &c, 628 ; half-way house, nave, navel, omphalos ; nucle-us, -olus. equidistance, bisection, half-distance; equator, diaphragm, midriff"; interjacence &c. 228. 22 r. ly. 3". ORDER. 68—73. Adj. middle, medial, mesial, mean, mid; middle-, mid-most; mediate ; intermediate &c. (intei-jacent) 228 ; equidistant ; central &c. 222 ; mediterranean, equatorial. Adv. in the middle ; mid-, half-way : midships, in medias res. €9». [Uninterrupted sequence.] Con- tinuity. — N". continuity ; consecu- tion, -tiveness &c. adj. ; succession, round, suite, progression, series, train, cliaiu ; cat-, concat-enation ; scale; grada- tion, course. procession, column : retinue, cortege, cavalcade, rank and tile, line of battle, array. pedigree, genealogy, lineage, race. rank, tile, line, row, range, tier, string, thread, team ; suit ; colonnade. V, follow in -, form- a series &c. n. : fall in. arrange in a -series &:c. n. : string to- gether, file, thread, graduate, tabulate. Adj. continu-ous, -ed ; consecutive ; progressive, gradual ; serial, successive ; immediate, unbroken, entire : linear ; in a -line, - row &c. n. ; uninter-rupted, -mitting ; unremitting ; perennial, ever- green ; constant. Adv. continuously &c. adj. : seriatim ; in a -line &c. n. ; in -succession, - turn ; running, gradually, step by step, gra- datim, at a stretch ; in -file, - column, - single file, - Indian file. I 70. [Interrupted sequence.] Dis- continuity. — U. discontinuity; dis- junction &c. 44 : anacoluthon ; inter- : ruption, break, fractm-e, flaw, fault, crack, cut ; gap &c. {interval) 198 ; , solution of continuity, ccesura ; broken thread ; parenthesis, episode ; rhapsody, patchwork ; intermission ; alternation \kc. (^pei'iodieity) 138; dropping fire. j V. be -discontinuous &c. adj. ; alter- ] nate, intermit. ( discontinue, pause, interrupt ; inter- ! vene : break, - in upon ; interpose &c. 228 ; break -, snap- the thread ; discon- nect &c. {disjoin) 44. Adj. discontinuous, unsuccessive, broken, interrupted, decousu ; dis-, un- i connected ; fitful kc. {irregular~) 1 39 ; ; spasmodic, desultory, intermit-ling &c. j v.. -tent : alternate ; recurrent &c. (peri- 1 odic) 138 ; few and far between. j Adv. at intervals ; by -snatches, - ' jerks, - skips, - catches, - fits and . starts ; skippingly, ^je/- saltum ; longo I intei'vallo. 71. Term.— N". term, rank, station, stage, step: degree kc. 26; scale, remove, grade, link, peg, round of the ladder, status, position, place, point, mark, pas, period, pitch : stand, -ing ; footing, range. V. hold -, occupy -, find -, fall into- a place &c. n. 72. Assemblag-e.— JT. assem- blage ; col-lection, -location, -ligation : compilation, levy, gathering, ingather- ing, muster, attroupetnent ; con-course, -flux, -gregation, -tesseration, -vergence Sec. 290 ; meeting, levee, reunion, draw- ing room, at home ; conversazione kc. {social gatherinff) 892 ; assembly, con- gress ; conven-tion, -tide ; gemote ; con- clave &c. {council) 696 ; posse, posse comitatus ; Noah's ark. miscellany, collectanea ; museum, me- nagerie, &c. (store) 636. crowd, throng ; flood, rush, deluge ; 3°. Collective Ordee. 73. Non-assemblag'e. Dis- persion. — X. dispersion; disjunction kc. 44; divergence &:c. 291 ; scattering &c. V. ; dissemination, diflusion, dissi- pation, distribution ; apportionment kc. 786 ; spread, respersion, circumfusion, interspersion, sparge faction. waifs and estrays, flotsam and jet- sam, disjecta memh'a. V. disperse, scatter, sow, disseminate, diffiise, shed, spread, overspread, dis- pense, disband, disembody, dismember, distribute ; apportion kc. 786 ; blow oft', let out, dispel, cast forth, draught rabble, mob, press, crush, coAwe, horde, i oft"; strew, straw, strow; spirtle, cast, 23 72—75. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. I. IV. 3' sprinkle ; issue, deal out, retail, utter ; re-, inter-sperse ; set abroach, circumfuse. turn -, cast- adrift ; scatter to the ■winds ; sow broadcast. spread like wildfire, disperse them- selves. Adj. unassembled &c. (see assemble &c. 72) ; dispersed &c. v. ; sparse, dis- pread, broadcast, sporadic, wide-spread ; epidemic &c. {general) 78 ; adrift, stray ; dishevelled, streaming. Adv. sparsim, here and there, pasjun. body, tribe; crew, gang, knot, squad, band, party; swarm, shoal, school, co- vey, tlock, herd, drove ; array, bevy, galaxy; coips, company, trooTp', troupe ; army, regiment, &c. {combatants) 726 ; "host »S:c. {multitude) 102 ; populousness. clan, brotherhood, association kc. {party) 712. volley, shower, storm, cloud. group, cluster, Pleiades, clump, pen- cil ; set, batch, lot, pack ; budget, as- sortment, bunch ; parcel ; pack-et, -age ; \)m\di\e, fasciculus, fascine, bale ; ser-on, -oon ; faggot, wisp, truss, tuft ; shock, rick, fardel, stack, sheaf, haycock. accumulation &c. {store) 636 ; congeries, heap, lump, pile, rouleau^ tissue, mass, pyramid ; drift ; snow-ball, -drift ; acervation, cumu- lation ; glom-, agglom-eration ; conglobation ; conglomer-ation, -ate ; coacervation, coagmentation, aggregation, concentration, congestion, omnium gatherum, spicilegium, black hole of Calcutta ; quantity &c. {greatness) 31. collector, gatherer ; whip, -per in. V. [be or cometogether] assemble, collect, muster ; meet, unite, join, rejoin ; cluster, flock, swarm, surge, stream, herd, crowd, throng, asso- ciate ; con-gregate, -glomerate, -centrate ; centre round, rendezvous, resort ; come -, flock -, get -, pig- together ; forgather ; huddle ; re- assemble. [get or bring together] assemble, muster ; bring -, get -, put -, draw -, scrape -, lump- together ; col-lect, -locate, -ligate ; get -, whip- in ; gather ; hold a meeting ; con-vene, -voke, -vocate ; rake up, dredge ; heap, mass, pile ; pack, put up, truss, cram ; acervate ; ag-glomerate, -gregate ; compile ; group, aggroup, concentrate, unite ; collect -, bring- into a focus ; amass, accumulate, &c. (store) 636 ; collect in a drag-net ; heap Ossa upon Pelion. Adj. assembled &c. v. ; closely packed, dense, serried, crowded to suffocation, teeming, swarming, populous ; as thick as hops ; all of a heap, fasciculated ; cumulative. Phr. the plot thickens. 74. [Place of meeting.] Focus. — M". focus ; point of- convergence &c. 290; corradiation ; centre kc. 222; gathering-place, resort; haunt; rendezvous ; rallying point, head-quarters, home, club ; dipot &c. {store) 636 ; try sting-place ; place of -meeting, - resort, - assignation ; point de reunion ; issue. V. bring to - a point, - a focus, - an issue. 4°. DiSTKIBFTIVE OrDER. 75. Class. — Mr. class, divi.-'ion, category, categorema, head, order, section ; department, province, domain. kind, sort, genus, species, variety, family, race, tribe, caste, sept, clan, breed, type, kit, sect, set; assoitment ; feather, kidney; suit; range; gender, sex, kin. manner, description, denomination, designation, character, stamp ; predicament. wmilarity &c. 17. 24 I. IV. 5^ ORDER. 77. Sxclusion. &c. 55. 76. Inclusion. [Comprehension under, or reference to a class.]— IB", in- clusion, admission, comprehension, re- ception. composition &c. (inclusion in a com- pound) 54. V. be -included in &c. ; come -, fall -, range- under ; belong -j pertain- to ; range with ; merge in. include, comprise, comprehend, contain, admit, embrace, receive ; enclose &c. {circumscribe) 229. reckon -, enumerate -, number- among ; refer to ; place -, arrange- -under, - with ; take into account. Adj. includ-ed, -ing &c. v.] inclusiTc; cougen-er, -erous ; of the same -class &c. 75. Phr. et hoc yeniis omne. Sec, etc. ; et ccetera. 76-81. exclusion 78. G-enerality.— wr. general-ity, -ization ; universality ; catholic-ity, -ism ; miscel-lany, -laueousness ; drag-net. every-one, -body ; all hands, all the world and his wife ; any body, N or M, all sorts. prevalence, run. V. be -general &c. odj. ; prevail, be going about, stalk abroad. render -general &c. adj. ; generalize. Adj. general, generic, collective ; broad, comprehensive, sweeping; encyclo- pedical, widespread &c. (dispersed) J^)- universal ; catho-lic, -lical ; common, world-wide ; oe-, e-cumenical ; transcen- dental; prevalent, prevailing, rife, epide- mic, besetting ; all over, covered with. every, all ; unspecified, impersonal. customary &c. {habitual) 613. Adv. what-ever, -soever ; to a man, one and all. generally &c. adj. ; always, for better for worse ; in general, generally speak- ing: ; speaking generally ; for the most part ; in the long run &c. {on an ave- rage) 29. respectively, *'ach to each ; vice, - re natd. namely, that is to say, videlicet, viz. ; to wit. 5°. Order as regards Categories. I 79. Speciality. — w. speciality, specialite ; individ-uality, -uity ; parti- I cularity, peculiarity ; idiocrasy &c. {tcn- \ dencij) 1 76 ', personality, characteristic, I mannerism, idiosyncrasy ; speciticness&c. adj. ; singularity kc. {unconformity) 83 ; reading, version, lection; state ; trait ; dis- tinctive feature; technicality; differentia. particulars, details, items, counts. I, self, I myself; my-, him-, her-, it-self. V. specify, particularize, individualize, realize, specialize, designate, determine. descend to particulars, enter into de- tail, come to the point. Adj. special, particular, individual, specific, proper, personal, original, pri- vate, respective, definite, determinate, especial, certain, esoteric, endemic, par- tial, party, peculiar, appropriate, several, characteristic, diagnostic, exclusive; sin- gular &c. {excejytional) 83 ; idiomatic ; typical. this, that ; yon, -der. Adv. specially &c. adj.-, in particu- lar, in propria persona ; ad hominem ; for my part. each, apiece, one by one ; severally, sei-iatim, in detail, bit by bit ; pro -hac 80. Rule. — M". regularity, unifor- mity, constancy, clock-work precision ; punctuality kc. {exactness) 494 ; routine &c. {custom) 613; formula; rule &c. 81. Blultiformity.- w. multi-, omni-formity ; variety, diversity; mul- tifariousness i&c. adj. Adj. multi-form, -fold, -farious, -gen- * The same set of words are used to express Exchision from a class and E.Tclusion from a compound. Reference is therefore made to the former at 55. This identity does not occur with regard to Inclusion, which therefore constitutes a separate category. 25 80—83. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. {forni, regulation) 697 ; Icey-note, stan- dard, model ; precedent &c. {prototyjye) 22 ; conformity &c. 82. nature, principle ; law ; order of things ; normal -, natural -, ordinary -. model- - state, - condition ; standing - dish, - order ; Procrustean law 5 law of the Medes and Persians. Adj. regular, uniform, constant, | steady; according to rule &c. {confor7uahle) 82 ; customary &c. 613. I. IV. 5^. erous ; variform, manifold, many-sided ; omni-form, -genous, -farious ; heteroge- neous, motley, mosaic ; epicene, indiscri- minate, desultory, irregular, diversified, different, divers ; all manner of; of -every description, - all sorts and kinds ; et hoc genus 07nne ; and what not ? cle omnibus •ehus et quibmdam aliis. 82. Conformity.— ST. conform- ity, -ance ; observance. naturalization ; conventionality &c. {ciLstom) 613; agreement &c. 23. example, instance, specimen, sample, quotation ; exemplification, illustration, case in point ; object lesson. pattern &c. {-prototype) 22. V, conform to, - rule ; accommo- date -, adapt- oneself to ; rub off cor- ners. be -regular &c. adj. ; move in a groove ; follow -, observe -, ^o by -, bend to -, obey- -rules, - precedents ; comply -, tally -, chime in -, fall in- "with ; be -guided, - regulated- by ; fall into a -custom, - usage ; follow the -fashion, - multitude ; pass muster, do as others do, hiirler avec les loups ; do at Rome as the Romans do ; go -, swim- with the -stream, - current, - tide ; tread the beaten track &c. {habit) 613; keep one in countenance. exemplify, illustrate, cite, quote, put a case ; produce an- instance &c. n. Adj. conformable to rule ; regular Sec. 8o ; according to -regulation, - rule, - Cocker ; en regie, selon les regies, well regulated, orderly ; symmetric &c. 242. conventional &c. [customary) 613; of -daily, - every day- occurrence ; in the natural order of things ; ordinary, com- mon, habitual, usual. in the order of the day ; naturalized. typical, normal, formal ; canonical, orthodox, sound, strict, rigid, positive, uncompromising, Procrustean, secundum artem, ship-shape, technical. exemplary, illustrative, in point. Adv. conformably &c. aclj. ; by rule ; agreeably to ; in -conformity, - accord- ance, - keeping- with ; according to ; consistently with ; as usual, ad instar, instar omnium ; more -solito, - majorum. for the sake of conformity ; of -, as a 26 83. Unconformity. — kt. non- conformity &c. 82 : un-, dis-conformity ; unconventionality, informality, abnor- mity, anomaly ; anomalousness &c. adj. ; exception, peculiarity; infraction -, breach -, violation -, infringement- of -law, - custom, - usage ; eccentricity, hizarrerie, oddity, je ne sais quoi, mon- strosity, rarity ; freak of Nature. individuality, idiosyncrasy, origin- ality, mannerism. aberration ; irregularity ; variety ; sin- gularity ; exemption ; salvo &c. (quali- Jication) 469. nonconformist ; nondescript, character, original, nonsuch, monster, prodigy, won- der, miracle, curiosity, flying fish, black swan, lusv^ naturce, rara avis, queer fish ; mongrel ; half-caste, -blood, -breed ; metis, cross breed, hybrid, mule, mulatto; tertiuni quid, hermaphrodite. phoenix, chimera, hydra, sphinx, mi- notaur ; griff-in, -on ; centaur ; hippo-griff, -centaur ; saggittary ; kraken, cockatrice, wyvern, roc, dragon, sea-serpent ; mer- maid ; unicorn ; Cyclops, ' men whose heads do grow beneath their shoulders ' ; Teratology. fish out of water ; neither -one thing nor another, - fish flesh nor fowl nor good red herring; one in a -wa}^ - thousand ; out-cast, -law ; oasis. V. be -uncomformable &;c. adj.; leave the beaten -track, - path ; infringe -, break -, violate- a -law, - habit, - usage, - custom; drive a coach and six through ; stretch a point ; have no busi- ness there ; baffle -, beggar- all descrip- tion. Adj. uncomformable, exceptional ; abnorm-al, -ous ; anomal-ous, -istic; out of -order, - place, - keeping, - tune, - one's element ; irregular, arbitrary ; lawless, informal, aberrant, stray, wan- dering, wanton ; peculiar, exclusive. I. V. 1°. ORDER— NUMBER. 82—85. matter of- course ; pro forma, for form's sake, by the card invariably &;c, {uniformly) i6. for -example, - instance ; exempli gratia ) e.g.-, inter alia. Phr. cela va sans dire ; expede Ilej'cu- lem, noseitur a sociis. unnatural, eccentric, egregious : out of the -beaten track, - common, - common run, - pale of ; misplaced ; funny. un-usual, -accustomed, -customary, -wonted, -common ; rare, singular, unique, curious, odd, extraordinary, strange, monstrous ; wonderful &c. 870 ; unexpected, unaccountable ; outre, out of the way, remarkable, noteworthy ; queer, quaint, nondescript, none such, sui generis ; original, unconventional, unfashionable ; un-described, -precedented, -paralleled, -exampled, -heard of, -familiar ; fantastic, new-fangled, grotesque, bizarre ; outlandish, exotic, tomhe des nues, preternatural ; denaturalized. heterogeneous, heteroclite, amorphous, mongrel, amphibious, epi. cene, half-blood, hybrid ; androgyn-ous, -al ; unsymmetric &c. 243. qualified &c. 469. Adv. unconformably &c. adj. ; except, unless, save, barring beside, without, save and except, let alone, however, yet, but. Int. what -on earth ! - in the world ! Pbr. never was -seen, - heard, - known- the like. Section V. NUMBER. 1°. Number, in the Abstract. 84. Number. — 3>r. number,, symbol, numeral, figure, cipher, digit, integer ; counter ; round number ; formula ; function ; series. sum, difference, complement, subtrahend ; product ; multipli-cand, -er, -cator; coefficient, multiple; dividend, divisor, factor, quotient, sub-multiple, fraction ; mixed number; numerator, denominator ; decimal, circulating decimal, repetend ; common measure, aliquot part; reciprocal ; prime number. permutation, combination, variation ; election. ratio, proportion ; progression ; arithmetical -, geometrical -, har- monical- progression ; percentage. figurate -, pyramidal -, polygonal- numbers. power, root, exponent, index, logarithm, antilogarithm ; modulus. differential, integral, fluxion, fluent. Adj. numeral, complementary, divisible, aliquot, reciprocal, prime, fractional, decimal, figurate, incommensurable. proportional, exponential, logarithmic, logometric, differential, fluxio- nal, integral. positive, negative ; rational, irrational ; surd, radical, real, imaginary, impossible. 85. Numeration. — W. numeration ; numbering &c. v. ; pagina- tion ; tale, recension, enumeration, summation, reckoning, computation, supputation ; calcu-lation, -lus ; algorithm, rhabdology, dactylonomy ; measurement &c. 466 ; statistics. arithmetic, analysis, algebra, fluxions ; differential -, integral -, infinitesimal- calculus ; calculus of difierences. [Statistics] dead reckoning, muster, poll, census, capitation, roll-call, recapitulation ; account &c. {list) 86, [Operations] notation, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, rule of three, practice, equations, extraction of roots, reduction, invo- 27 85—89. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. 1. Y. i^ lution, evolution, approximation, interpolation, differentiation, integra- tion. [Instruments] abacus, swan-pan, loj^ometer, sliding rule, tallies, Napier's bones, calculating machine, difierence engine. arithmetician, calculator, abacist. V. number, count, tell ; call -, run- over, take an account of, enu- merate, muster, poll, recite, recapitulate ; sum ; sum -, cast- up ; tell oi\] score, cipher, compute, calculate, suppute, add, subtract, multiply, divide, extract roots. check, prove, demonstrate, balance, audit, overhaul, take stock ; affix numbers to, page. amount -, come- to. Adj. numer-al, -ical; arithmetical, analytic, algebraic, statistical, numerable, computable, calculable ; commensur-able, -ate ; incommeu- 86. Ziist. — N. list, catalogue, inventorv, schedule; register See. {record) 551; account; bill, - of costs ; syllabus; terrier, tally, file; calendar, index, table, atlas, contents: book, ledger; synopsis, catahn/ue raisonne ; tableau ; invoice, bill of lading ; prospectus, pro(jramme ; bid of fare, menu, carte ; score, census, statistics, returns ; Red -, Blue -, Domesday- book ; cadastre ; directory, gazetteer. roll ; ciieck -, chequer -, bead- ro¥ ; muster -roll, - book ; roster, panel; cartulary, diptych. Adj. cadastral. 2°. Determinate Number. 87. Unity. — W. unity ; oneness kc. adj. ; individuality ; solitude &C. (seclu- sion) 893 ; isolation &c. {disjunction) 44 ; unification &c. 48. one, unit, ace ; individual ; none else, no other. V. be -one, - alone &c. adj. ; dine with Duke Humphrey. isolate &c. {disjoin) 44. render one ; unite &c. {join) 43, {combine) 48. Adj. one, sole, single, solitary ; indi- vidual, apart, alone ; kithless. un-accompanied, -attended ; solus, single-handed ; singular, odd, unique, unrepeated, azygous, first and last; iso- lated &c. {disjoined) 44 ; insular. lone ; lone-ly, -some ; desolate,dreary. in-secable, -severable, -discerptible ; compact, irresolvable. Adv. singly &c. adj. ; alone, by itself, per se, only, apart, in the singular num- ber, in the abstract ; one -by one, - at a time ; simply ; one and a half, sesqui-. Pbr. natura it fece, e jwi roppe In stampa. 88. Accompanlxnent.^xr. ac- companiment; adjunct &c. 39 ; context. coexistence, concomitance, company, association, companionship; part-, co- part-nership ; coefficiency. concomitant, accessory, coefficient ; companion, attendant, fellow, associate, consort, spouse, colleague ; part-, co- part-ner ; satellite, hanger on, shadow ; escort, cortege ; attribute. V. accompany, coexist, attend ; hang -, wait- on ; go hand in hand with ; syn- chronize &c. 120; bear -, keep- com- pany ; row in the same boat ; bring in its train, associate -, couple- with. Adj. acccompanying &c. v. ; concomi- tant, fellow, twin, joint; associated -, coupled- with ; accessory, attendant, ob- blif/ato. Adv. with, withal ; together -, along -, in company- with ; hand in hand, side by side; cheek by -jowl, - jole ; arm in arm ; there-, here-with ; and &c. {addition) 37. together, in a body, collectively. 89. Duality.— ST. dual-ity, -ism ; duplicity ; bi-plicity, -formity j polarity. 28 L V. 2°. NUMBER. 89—99. two, deuce, couple, brace, pair, cheeks, twins, Castor and Pollux, geinini, Siamese twins ; fellows ; yoke, conjugation. V. [unite in pairs] pair, couple, bracket, yoke ; conduplicate. Adj. two, twain ; dual, -istic ; binary, binomial ; twin, biparous ; dyadic ; conduplicate ; duplex &c. 90 ; tHe-a-tete. coupled kc. v. ; conjugate. both, - the one and the other. 90. Duplication. — N". duplica- tion; doubling &c. gemi-, ingemi- nation ; reduplication ; iteration &c. {repetition) 104 ; renewal. V. double ; re-double, -duplicate ; geminate; repeat &c. 104; renew &;c. 660. Adj. double ; doubled &c. v. ; bi-fold, -form, -lateral, -farious, -facial ; two- fold, -sided ; duplex ; double-faced ; twin, duplicate, ingeminate ; second. Adv. twice, once more ; over again &c. {repeatedlij) 104; as much again, twofold. secondly, in the second place, again. 91. [Division into two parts.] Bi«- section. — jr. bi-section, -partition ; di-, subdi-chotomy ; halving &;c. v. ; di- midiation, bifurcation, forking, branching, mmi- fication, divarication ; fork, prong ; fold. half, moiety. V. bisect, halve, divide, split, cut in two, cleave, dimidiate, dichotomize. go halves, divide with. separate, fork, bifurcate ; branch -oft*, - out ; ramify. Adj. bisected &c. v. ; cloven, cleft ; bipartite, biconjugate, bicuspid, bifid ; bit'ur-cous, -cate, -cated ; semi-, demi-, hemi-. 92. Triality.— N". triality, trinity.* three, triad, triplet, trey, trio, ternion, trinomial, leash. third power, cube. Adj. three ; tri-form, -nal, -nomial ; tertiary ; triune. 93. Triplication. — U". tripli- cation, -city ; trebleness, trine. V. treble, triple, triplicate, cube. Adj. treble, triple ; tern, -ary ; tripli- cate, threefold, trilogistic; third. Adv. three -times, - fold ; thrice, in the third place, thirdly ; trebly &c. adj. 94. [Division into three parts.] Tri- section. — N". tri-section, -partition, -chotomy ; third, - part. V. trisect, divide into three parts. Adj. trifid ; tiisected &c. v. ; tri- partite, -chotomous, -sulcate. 95. Quatemity. — K". quaternity, four, tetrad, quartet, quaternion, square, quadrature, quarter. V. reduce to a square, square. Adj. four; quat-ernary, -ernal ; quadratic; quartile, tetractic. 96. Quadruplication. quadruplication. N. 97. [Division into four parts.] Quadrisection.— zr. quadri-section, V. multiply by four, quadruplicate, -partition ; quartering &c. v. ; fourth ; biquadrate. '\ quart, -er, -eru ; farthing (?'. e. fourth- Adj. fourfold ; quad-ruple, -ruplicate, ing). -rible ; ^foiu-th. j V. quarter, divide into four parts. Adv. four times ; in the fourth place, Adj. quartered kc. v.; quadri-fid, fourthly. ; -partite. 98. rive, A.C. — lO". five, cinque, i 99. Quinquesection, (ScC. — tr. quint, quincunx ; six, half-a-dozen ; : division by -five &c. 98 ; quinquesection seven ; eight ; nine, three times three ; \ kc. ; decimation ; fifth &c. * Trinity is hardlj ever used except in a theological sense ; sec Deitv 976. 29 98—103. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. I. V. 2= V. decimate. _ Adj. quinqiie-fid, -partite ; quinquar- ticular ; octifid ; decimal, tenth, tithe ; duodecimal, twelfth ; sexa-gesimal, -ge- nary ; hundredth, centesimal ; millesimal &c. ten, decade ; eleven ; twelve, dozen ; thirteen ; long- -, baker's- dozen. twenty, score ; twenty-four, four and twenty, two dozen; twenty-five, five and twenty, quarter of a hundred ; forty, two score ; fifty, half a hundred ; sixty, three score ; seventy, three score and ten ; eighty, four score ; ninety, four score and ten. hundred, centenary, hecatomb, century; hmidredweight, cwt ; one hundred and forty-four, gross. thousand, chiliad; myriad, ten thousand ; lac, one hundred thousand, plum ; million ; thousand million, inilliard. billion, trillion &c. V. centuriate. Adj. five, quinary, quintuple; fifth; senary, sextuple; sixth; seventh ; octuple ; eighth ; ninefold, ninth ; tenfold, decimal, denary, decuple, tenth ; eleventh ; duo-denar}^, -denal ; twelfth ; in one s 'teens, thirteenth. vices-, viges-imal ; twentieth ; twenty-fourth &c. n. cent-uple, -uplicate, -ennial, -enary, -urial ; secular, hundredth ; thousandth, kc. f. Indeterminate Number. 100. [More than one.] Plurality, — wr. plurality; a -number, - certain number ; one or two, two or three &c. ; a few, several; multitude &c. 102. Adj. plural, more than one, upwards of, some, certain ; not -alone &c. 87. Adv. et ccetera, &c., etc. Phr. non deficit alter. 100a. [Less than one.] Fraction. — wr. fraction, fractional part ; part &c. 5 1 . 101. Zlero. — W. zero, nothing; naught, nought ; cipher, none, nobody ; not a soul ; dme qui vive ; absence &c. 1 87 ; unsubstantiality &c. 4. Adj . not -one, - any. 102. Multitude. — ur. multitude ; I 103. Fewness. — W. fewness &c. numerousness Sec. adj. ; numer-osity, ! adj. ; paucity, small number ; small -ality ; multiplicity ; profusion &c. | quantity &c. 32 ; rarity ; infrequency (plejiti/) 639; legion, host; great -, | &c. 137; handful; maniple; minority, large -, round -, enormous- number ; a [Diminution of number] reduction ; quantity, numbers, array, sight, army, sea, galaxy ; scores, peck, bushel, shoal, swarm, drauglit, bevy, cloud, flock, herd, drove, flight, covey, hive, brood. weeding &c. v. ; elimination, sarcula- tion, decimation. V. be -few &c. adj. render -few »S:c. adj. ; reduce, diminish litter, farrow, fry, nest ; crowd Sec. the number, weed, eflminate, thin, deci- {assemhla(ie) 72 ; lots ; all the world and his wife. [Increase of number] greater number, majority ; multiplication, multiple. V. be -numerous &c. adj. ; swarm -, teem -, creep -with ; crowd, swarm, come thick upon ; outnumber, multiply ; people ; swarm like -locusts, - bees. Adj. many, several, sundry, divers, various, not a few; a -hundred, - thou- I sand, - myriad, - million, - thousand and one ; some -ten or a dozen, 30 mate. Adj. few ; scant, -y ; thin, rare, thinly scattered, few and far between ; infrequent &c, 1 37 ; rari nantes ; hardly-, scarcely- any ; to be counted on one's fingers ; reduced Sec. v. ; unrepeated. Adv. here and there. I. Y. 3°. NUMBER. I02-X05. - forty or fifty, &c. ; half a -dozen, - hundred &c. ; veiy -, full -, ever so- many ; numer-ou3, -ose ; profuse, in profusion ; " manifold, multiplied, multitudinous, multiple, multinomial, teeming, populous, peopled, crowded, thick, studded. thick coming, many more, more than one can tell, a world of; no end -of, - to ; cum multis oliis ; thick as -hops, - hail ; plenty as blackberries ; numerous as the -stars in the firmament, - sands on the sea-shore, - hairs on the head ; and -what not, - heaven knows what : endless &c. (iiifinite) 105. Phr. their name is ' Legion.' 104. Repetition. — W. repetition, iteration, reiteration, harping, recurrence, succession, run ; batto-, tauto-log}' ; monotony, tautophony ; rhythm &c. 138. chimes, repetend,eclio, 7-itoniello, burden of a song, I'efrain) rehearsal; rechauffe, rifacimento, recapitulation. cuckoo &c. {imitation) 19 ; reverberation &c. 408 ; drumming &:c„ {roll) 407 ; renewal kc. (restoration) 660. twice-told tale; old -story, - song; second -, new- edition; re- appearance, reproduction ; periodicity &c. 138. V. repeat, iterate, reiterate, reproduce, echo, re-cho, drum, harp upon, battologize, hammer, redouble. recur, revert, return, reappear ; renew &c. (restore) 660. rehearse ; do -, say- over again ; ring the changes on ; harp on the same string; din -, drum- in the ear; conjugate in all its moods tenses and inflexions, begin again, go over the same ground, go the same round, never hear the last of; resume, return to, recapitulate, reword. Adj. repeated &c. v.; repetition-al, -ary ; reciu:-rent, -ring; ever recm'ring, thick coming ; frequent, incessant. monotonous, harping, iterative ; mocking, chiming ; retold ; afore-said, -named; above-mentioned, said; habitual Sec. 613; another. Adv. repeatedly, often, again, anew, over again, afresh, once more ; ding-dong, ditto, encore, de novo, his, da capo. again and again ; over and over, -again ; many times over; time- and again, - after time ; year after year ; day by day &c. ; many -, several - , a number of- times ; many -, full many- a time ; frequently &c. 136. Phr. ecce itei-um Crispinus, toujours perdrix, cut and come again ; 'to-morrow and to-morrow.' 105. Infinity. — wr. iufini-tv, -tude, -teness &c. adj.; perpetuity &c. 112. V. be -infinite &c. adj. ; know -, have- no -limits, - bounds ; go on for ever. Adj. infinite; immense; number-, count-, simi-, measure-less; in- numer-, immeasur-, incalcul-, illimit-, intermin-, unfathom-, unapproach- able ; exhaustless, indefinite ; without -number, - measure. - limit,- end ; incomprehensible ; limit-, end-, bound-, term-less ; un-told, -lumibered, -measured, -bounded, -limited ; illimited ; perpetual &c. 112. Adv. infinitely &c. adj. ; ad injinitum. 31 106—109. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. I. VI. r>. Section VI. TIME. 1°. Absolute Time. 107. Nevemess.* — XT. 'never- ness ' ; absence of time, no time ; dies non ; Tib's eve : Greek Kalends. iludv. never ; at no -time, - period ; on no occasion, never in all one's born days, nevermore, sine die. 106. Time. — KT. time, duration; period, term, stage, space, span, spell, season ; the whole -time, - period ; course &c. 109. intermediate time, while, interim, interval, pendency ; inter- vention, -mis- sion, -mittence, -regnum, -hide ; respite. era, epoch ; time of life, age, year, date; decade &c. (jjei-iod) 108; moment, «S:c. (instant) 113. glass -, ravages -, whirligig -, noiseless foot- of time ; scythe. V. continue, last, endure, go on, remain, persist ; intervene ; elapse &c. 109. take -, take up -, fill -, occupy- time. pass -, pass away -, spend -, while away -, consume -, talk against- time ; tide over ; use -, employ- time ; seize an opportunity &c. 134 ; waste time &c. (be inactive) 683. Adj. continuing &c. v.-, on foot; permanent &c. (durable) no. Adv. while, whilst, during, pending ; during the -time, - interval ; in the course of; for the time being, day by day; in the time of, when ; mean-time, -while ; in the -meantime, - interim ; ad interim, pendente lite ; de die in diem ; from -day to day, - hour to hour &c. ; hourly, always ; for a -time, - season ; till, until, up to, yet ; the Avhole -, all the- time ; all along ; throughout «S:c. {completely) 52 ; for good &c. {diuturnity) no. here-, there-, where-upon ; then ; anno, - Domini ; AD.; ante Christum-, A.c. ; before Christ; B.C.; anno urbis condit^; A.r.c. ; anno regni-, A.R. ; once upon a time, one fine morning. Phr. time -runs, - runs against. 108. [Definite duration, or portion of time.] Period. — U. period ; se- cond, minute, hour, day, week, month, quarter, year, decade, decennium, lus- trum, quinquennium, lifetime, generation. century, age, millennium ; annus may- nus. Adj. horary ; hourly, annual kc. {pe- riodical) 138. 108 a. Conting-ent Duration — Adv. during -pleasure, - good beha viour ; quamdiu se bene yesserit. Adv. in due -time, - seasou ; in of time ; in time. Phr. labitur et lahetu ' to morrow and to-mor 109. [Indefinite duration.] Course. — M". course -, progress -, process -, suc- cession -, lapse -, flow -, flux -, vStream -, tract -, current -, tide -, march -, step -, flight- of time ; duration &c. 106. [Indefinite time] aorist. V. elapse, lapse, flow, run, proceed, advance, pass ; roll -, wear -, press- on ; flit, fly, slip, slide, glide ; run -its course^ out : expire ; go -, pass- by ; be -past &c. 122. Adj. elapsing &c. r. ; aoristic ; pro- gressive. course, - process, - the fulness- ir : truditur dies die ; fuyaces labuntur anni ; row creeps in this petty pace from day to day.' 32 A ter.n introduce-! by Bishop AVilkins. I. VI. 1 = TIME. 110—113. 110. [Long duration.] X>iutur- nity. — M". diuturnity ; a -long -, length of- time ; an age, a century, an eternity ; slowness &c. 275 ; perpetuity &c. 112. dura-bleness, -bility ; persistence, las- tingness &c. adj. ; continuance, standing ; Y)ei'ma,nence&c.{stabiliti/) 150; survi-val, -vance ; longevity &c. {at/e) 128; dis- tance of time. protraction -, prolongation -, exten- sion- of time; delay &c. (lateness) 133. v. last, endure, stand, remain, abide^ continue, brave a thousand years. tarry &c. (be late) 133; drag -on, - its slow length along, - a lengthening chain •, protract, prolong ; spin -, eke -, draw -, lengthen- out ; temporize ; gain -, make -, talk against- time. out-last, -live ; survive ; live to fight again. "a3j. durable; lasting &c. v. ; of long -duration, - standing ; permanent, chro- nic, long-standing ; intransi-ent, -tive ; intransmutable, persistent ; life-, live- long ; longeval, long-lived, macrobiotic, diuturnal, evergreen, perennial ; unin-, ter-, unre-mitting ; perpetual &c. 112. lingering, protracted, prolonged, spun out &c. V. ; long-pending, -winded ; slow &c. 275. Adv. long ; for -a long time, - an age, - ages, - ever so long, - many a long day ; long ago &c. (m a past time) 122 ; lonffo intervallo. all the -day long, - year round ; the livelong day, as the day is long, morn- ing noon and night ; hour after hour, day after day, &c. permanently &c. adj. 111. [Short duration.] Transient- ness. — K". transientness &c. adj.) eva- nescence, impermanence, fugacity, cadu- city, mortality, span ; nine days' wonder, bubble, May-fly ; spurt ; temporary ar- rangement, interregnum. velocity &c. 274; suddenness »S:c. 113; changeableness &c. 149. V. be -transient &c. adj. ; flit, pass away, fly, gallop, vanish, fade, evapo- rate ; pass away like a -cloud, - summer cloud, - shadow, - dream. Adj. transi-ent, -tory, -tive ; passing, evanescent, fleeting ; flying &c. v. ; fug-a- cious,-itive; shifting, slippery; spasmodic. temper- al, -ar}-; provis-ional, -ory; cursory, short-lived, ephemeral, decidu- ous; perishable, mortal, precarious; im- permanent. brief, quick, brisk, extemporaneous, summary; pressed for time &c. {haste) 684; sudden, momentary &c. {instanta- neous) 113. Adv. temporarily &c. adj. ; pro tern-' pore ; for -the moment,- a time ; awhile, en i^assant, in transitu ; in a short time ; soon &c. {early) 132 ; briefly &c. adj. \ at short notice ; on the -point, - eve -of ; in articulo ; between cup and lip. Phr. one's days are niuubered; the time is up ; here to-day and gone to- morrow; non semper O'it cestas; eheii! fugaces lahuntur anni ; sic transit gloria mundi. for good 112. [Endless duration.] Perpe- tuity.— N". perpetuity, eternity, ever- ness,* aye, sempiternity, immortality, athanasia ; everlastingness &c. adj. ; per- petuation. V. last -, endure -, go on- for ever ; have no end. eternize, perpetuate. Adj. perpetual, eternal; ever-lasting, -living, -flowing ; continual, sempiternal; co-eternal ; endless, unending ; ceaseless, incessant, uninterrupted, indesinent, im- ceasing ; interminable, having no end ; un- fading, evergreen, amaranthine ; never- 113. [Point of time.] Znstan- taneity. — mt. instantane-ity, -ousness ; sudden-, abrupt-ness. moment, instant, second, minute; twinkling, trice, flash, breath, crack, jifFy, coup, burst, flash of lightning, stroke of time. epoch, time ; time of -day, - night ; hour, minute ; very -minute &c., - time, I - hour ; present -, right -, true -, exact I -, correct- time. I V. be -instantaneous &c. adj.\ twinkle, I flash. i Adj. instantaneous, momentary, sud- * Bishop Wilkins. 33 H2— 117. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. I. TI. 1°. ending, -dying, -fading; deathless, im- mortal, imdying, imperishable. Adv. perpetually &c. adj. ; always, ever, evermore, aye ; for -ever, - aye, - evermore, - ever and a day, - ever and ever ; in all ages, from age to age ; without end ; world -, time- without end ; in secula secidorum ; to the -end of time, -crack of doom, - ' last syllable of recorded time ' ; till doomsday ; con- stantly &c. {very frequenthf) 136. Phr. esto perpetuum ; lahitur et labetur in omne vdubUis <^vum. 114. [Estimation, measurement, and record of time.] Chronometry. — wr. chrono-, horo-metry, -logyj date, epoch ; style, era. almanac, calendar, ephemeris; regis- ter, -try ; chronicle, annals, journal, diary, chronogram. [Instruments for the measurement of time] clock, watch; chrono-meter, -scope, -graph ; repeater ; time-keeper, -piece ; dial, sun-dial, gnomon, horologe, pendulum, hour-glass, clepsydra, chrono-grapher, -logev, -legist; anna- list. V. fix -, mark- the time ; date, register, chronicle ; measure beat -, mark- time ; bear date. Adj. chrono-logical, -metrical, -grammatical. Adv. o'clock. 2°. Relative Time. I. Time with reference to Succession. den, instant, abrupt ; subitaneous, hasty ; quick as -thought,* - lightning ; rapid as electricity. Adv. instantaneously &c. adj, ; in -, in less than- no time ; presto, subito, instanter, suddenly, at a stroke, like a shot ; in a -moment &c. n. ; in the twinkling of -an eye, - a bed post ; at one jump, in the same breath, per saltum, uno saltu ; at -, all at- once ; plump, slap ; ' at one fell swoop ' ; at the same -instant &c. n. ; immediately «S:c. (early) 132 ; ex temi^ore, on the -spot, - spur of the moment; just then; slap-dash «S:c. (haste) 684. Phr. touch and go ; no sooner said than done. 115. [False estimate of time.] Ana- chronism. — w. ana-, meta-, para-, pro-chronism ; prolepsis, misdate ; anti- cipation, antichronism. disregard -, neglect -, oblivion- of time. intempestivity &c. 135. V. mis-, ante-, post-, over-date ; anti- cipate ; take no note of time. Adj. misdated &c. v. ; undated ; over- due ; out of date. 116. Priority.— W. priority, an- tecedence, anteriority, precedence, pre- existence ; precession &c. 280 ; precursor &c. 64 ; the past &c. 1 22 ; premises. v. precede, come before ; forerun ; go before &c. (lead) 280; pre-exist; dawn; presage &c. 511. be -beforehand &c. (he early) 132 ; steal a march upon, anticipate, fore- stall ; have -, gain- the start. Adj. prior, previous; preced-ing, -ent ; anterior, antecedent ; pre-existing, -existent; former, foregoing; before-, above-mentioned ; aforesaid, said ; intro- ductory &c. {p?'ecursory) 64. 117. Posteriority.— wr. posteri- ority ; succession, sequence ; following &c. 281 ; subsequence, supervention ; futurity &c. 121 ; successor; sequel &c. 65 ; remainder, reversion. V. follow &c. 281 -, come -, go- after ; succeed, supervene ; step into the shoes of. Adj. subsequent, posterior, following, after, later, succeeding, postliminious, postnate ; postdiluvi-al, -an ; puisne ; posthumous; future &c. 121. Adv. subsequently, after, afterwards, since, later; at a -subsequent, - later- period ; next, in the sequel, close upon, See note on 264. 34 I. VI. 2^. TBIE. 116— 12Z, Adv. "before, prior to ; earlier ; pre- yiously &c. adj. ; afore, ere, theretofore, erewhile ; ere -, before — then, - now ; erewhile, already, yet, heforehand ; on the eve of. thereafter, thereupon, upon which, eft- soons; from that -time, - moment; after a -while, - time ; in process of time. 118. The Present Time.— w. the present -time, - day, - moment, - juncture, - occasion ; the times, existing time, time being ; nineteenth century ; nonce, crisis, epoch, day, hour. age, time of life. Adj. present, actual, instant, current, existing, that is. Adv. at this -time, - moment &c. 113; at the -present time &c. n. ; now, at present. at this time of day, to-day, now-a- days ; already ; even -, but -, just- now ; on the present occasion •, for the -time being, - nonce ; ^^ro Mc vice ; on the -nail, - spot ; on the spur of the -mo- ment, - occasion. imtil now ; to -this, - the present- day. 11S>. [Time different from the pre- sent.] Dififerent Time.— if. dilFer- ent -, other- time. [Indefinite time] aorist. Adj. aoristic. Adv. at that -, at which- -time, - moment, - instant ; then, on that occa- sion, upon. when; when -ever, -soever; upon which, on which occasion ; at -another, - a different, - some other, - any- time ; at various times ; some -, one- -of these i days, - fine morning; sooner or later; some time or other ; once upon a time. 120. Synchronism. — kt. synchronism ; coexistence, coincidence; simultaneousness &c. adj. ; concurrence, concomitance, unity of time, interim. [Having equal times] isochrouism. contemporary, coetanian. V. coexist, concur, accompany, go hand in hand, keep pace with j synchronize. Adj. synchron-ous, -al, -ical, -istical ; simultaneous, coexisting, coin- cident, concomitant, concurrent ; coev-al, -ous ; contempora-ry, -neous ; coetaneous ; coeternal ; isochronous. Adv. at the same time ; simultaneously &c. adj. ; together, during the same time ;^ in the same breath; jja/i passu; in the interim, at the -very moment &c. 113; just as, as soon as; meanwhile &c. {ivhile) 106. 121. [Prospective time.] Futurity. — M". futur-ity, -ition ; future, hereafter, time to come ; approaching -, coming -, after- -time, - age, - days, - hours, - j-ears, - ages, - life ; morrow ; millen- nium, doomsday, day of judgment, crack of doom, remote future. approach of time, advent, time draw- ing on, womb of time ; destiny &c. 152; eventuahty. heritage, heirs, posterity. prospect &c. {expectation) 507 : fore- sight &c. 510. I 122. [Retrospective time.] Preter- ; ition. — MT. preterition ; priority &c. I 1 16 ; the past, past time ; days -, times- \ -of yore, - of old, - past, - gone by ; j bygone days ; old -, ancient -, former- j times ; fore time ; the olden -, good old- j time ; lang syne ; eld. 1 antiquity, antiqueness, status quo ; j time immemorial; distance of time; re- j mote -age, - time ; remote past ; rust I of antiquity. Pale-ontology, -ography, -ology ; Pa- 1 leetiology,* Archaeology ; archaism, an- * W he well. 35 r 2 121— 124. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. I. VI. 2°. tiquarianism, medisevalisnijpre-Rapliael- itism ; retrospection, looking back, me- mory &c. 505. laudator temporis acti\ mediae val- ist, pre-Raphaelite ; antiqu-ary, -arian ; archaeologist &c. ; Oldbiick, Dryasdust, ancestry &c. {paternity) 166. V. be -past &c. adj.-^ bave -expired &c. adj., - run its course, - bad its day ; pass ; pass -, go- -by, - away, - olf ; lapse, blow over. look -, trace -, cast tbe eyes- back ; exbume. Adj. past, gone, gone by, over, passed away, bygone, foregone ; elapsed, lap- sed, pre terlapsed, expired, no more, run out, blown over, that has been, extinct, never to return, exploded, forgotten, irrecoverable ; obsolete &c. {old) 1 24. former, pristine, quondam, ci-devant, late ; ancestral. foregoing; last, latter; recent, over- night ; preter-perfect, -pluperfect. looking back kc. v. ; retro-spective, -active ; archaeological &c. n. Adv. formerly ; of -old, - yore ; erst, whilom, erewhile, time was, ago, over ; in -the olden time &c. n ; anciently, long -ago, - since ; a long -while, - time- ago ; years -, ages- ago ; some time -ago, - since, - back. yesterday, the day before yesterday ; last -year, - season, - month &c. ; ultimo ; lately &c. {neioly) 1 23. retrospectively ; ere -, before -, till- now; hitherto, heretofore; no longer ; once, - upon a time ; from time immemorial ; in the memory of man ; time out of mind ; already, yet, up to this time ; ex post facto. Phr. time was ; the time -has, - hath- been. V. look forwards ; anticipate &c. {ex- pect) 507, {foresee) 510; forestall &c. {he early) 132. come -, draw- on ; draw near ; ap- proach, await, threaten ; impend &c. {he destined) 152. Adj. future, to come ; coming tfec. {impending) 152; next, near; near -, close- at hand ; eventual, ulterior ; in prospect &c. {cvpectation) 507. Adv. prospectively, hereafter, in fu- ture; to-morrow, the day after to-morrow; in -course, - process, - the fulness- of time ; eventually, ultimately, sooner or later; proximo] paulo post futurum. \ in after time ; one of these days ; after a -time, - while. from this time ; hence-forth, -for- wards ; thence ; thence-forth, -forward ; whereupon, upon which. soon &c. {early) 132 ; on the -eve, - point, - brink- of; about to ; close upon. 2. Time ivith reference to a particular Period. 123. Newness. — u. newness &c. adj. ; novelty, recency ; immaturity ; youth &c. 127; gloss of novelty. innovation ; renovation &c. {restora- tion) 660. modernism ; mushroom, parvenu ; lat- est fashion. V. renew «S:c. {restore) 660; mod- ernize. Adj. new, novel, recent, fresh, green ; young &c. 127; evergreen; raw, im- mature ; virgin ; un-tried, -handseled, -trodden, -beaten. late, modern, neoteric; new-born, -fashioned, -fangled, -fledged ; of yester- day ; just out, brand new, up to date j vernal, renovated. .36 124:. Oldness.— ir. oldness &c. adj. ; age, antiquity; cobwebs of anti- quity. maturity ; decline, decay ; senility &c. 128. seniority, eldership, primogeniture. archaism &c. {the past) 122; thing-, relic- of the past ; megatherium. tradition, prescription, custom, imme- morial usage, common law. V. be -old &c. adj.; have -had,- seen- its day ; become -old &c. adj. ; age, fade. Adj. old, ancient, antique ; of lono; standing, time-honoured, venerable ; eld- er, -est ; first-born. prime; prim-itive, -eval, -igenousj I. VI. 2°. TIME. 123-128. a daisy, - paint ; fresli as -a rose, spick and span. Adv. newly &c. adj.) afresh, anew, lately, just now, only yesterday, the other day ; latterly, of late. not long -, a short time- ago. primordi-al, -nate ; aboriginal &c. (he- (jinning) 66; diluvian, antediluvian; pre-historic ; patriarchal, preadamite ; palaeocrystic ; fossil, paleozoic, pre-gla- cial, ante-mundane ; archaic, classic, me- diaeval, pre-Raphaelite, ancestral, black- letter. immemorial, traditional, prescriptive, customary, whereof the memory of man runneth not to the contrary ; inveterate, rooted. antiquated, of other times, rococo, of the old school, after-age, obsolete ; out of -date, - fashion ; stale, old-fashioned, behind the age ; exploded ; gone -out, - by ; passe, run out ; senile &c. 128 ; time-worn ; crumbling &c. {deteriorated) 659 ; second-hand. old as -the hills, - Methuselah, - Adam, - history. Adv. since the -w^orld was made, - year one, - days of Methuselah. 125. ZHoming'. [Noon.] — w. morning, morn, forenoon, a.m., prime, dawn, daybreak ; peep -, break- of day ; aurora; lirst blush -, prime- of the morning ; twilight, crepuscule, sunrise, cockcrow. spring ; vernal equinox. noon ; mid-, noon-day ; noontide, me- ridian, prime. summer, midsummer. Adj. matin, matutinal ; vernal. Adv. at -sunrise &c. n. ; with the lark, when the morning: d aw^ns. 126. Svening'. [Midnight.] — w. evening, eve ; decline -, fall -, close- of day ; eventide, nightfall, curfew, dusk, twilight, eleventh hour ; sun-set, -down ; going down of the sun, cock^ shut, dewy eve, gloaming, bed-time. afternoon, post meridian, /?.m. autumn ; fall, - of the leaf ; autumnal equinox. midnight; dead -, witching time- of night ; winter. Adj. vespertine, autumnal, nocturnal. 127. Vouth.— N. youth ; juven- -ility, -escence ; juniority ; infancy ; baby-, child-, boy-, girl-, youth-hood ; incunabula ; minority, nonage, teens, tender age, bloom. cradle, nursery, leading-strings, pu- pilage, puberty, imcelage. prime -, flower -, spring-tide -, seed- time -, golden season- of life ; heyday of youth, school days ; rising generation. Adj. young, youthful, juvenile, green, callow, budding, sappy, puisne, beardless, under age, in one's teens ; in statu pujnl- lari] younger, junior. 123. Agre.— N". age ; oldness &c. adj. ; old -, advanced- age ; sen-ility, -escence ; years, anility, grey hairs, climacteric, grand climacteric, declining years, decrepitude, hoary age, caducity, superannuation ; second child-hood, -ish- ness ; dotage ; vale of years, decline of life, ' sere and yellow leaf ' ; three-score years and ten : green old age, ripe age ; longevity ; time of life. seniority, eldership ; elders &c. (vete^ ran) 130; firstling; dot/en, father; pri- mogeniture. V. be -aged &c. adj. ; grow -, get- old &c. adj. ; age ; decline, wane. Adj. aged; old &c. 124; elderly, senile ; matronly, anile ; in years ; ripe, mellow, run to seed, declining, waning, past one's prime ; grey, -headed ; hoar, -y ; venerable, time- worn, antiquated, passe, effete, decrepit, superannuated : advanced in -life, - years ; stricken in years ; wrinkled, marked with the crow's foot ; having one foot in the grave ; doting &c. (imbecile) 499. old-, eld-er, -est ; senior ; first-born. turned of, years old ; of a certain age, no chickeD; old as Methuselah ; ancestral; patriarchal »S:c. (ancient) 124. 37 129—133. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. I. VI. 2°. 130. Veteran. — K". veteran, old man, seer, patriarch, greybeard ; grand- father, -sire ; grandam ; gaffer, gammer ; crone ; pantaloon ; eexage-, octoge-, nonage-, cente-narian ; old stager ; do- tard &c. 501. preadamite, Methuselah, Nestor, old Parr ; elders ; forefathers &c. {pateiiiity) 166. 129. Infant. — W. infant, bahe, baby; nurse-, suck-, year-, wean-ling; papoose, bambino. child, bairn, little one, brat, chit, pickaninny, urchin ; bant-, brat-ling ; elf. youth, boy, lad, stripling, youngster, younker, callant, whipster, whipper- snapper, schoolboy, hobbledehoy, hope- ful, cadet, minor, master. scion ; sap-, seed-ling ; tendril, olive- branch, nestling, chicken, larva, chrysalis, tadpole, whelp, cub, pullet, fry, callow ; codlin, -g ; fcctus, calf, colt, pup, foal, kitten ; lamb, -kin. girl ; lass, -ie ; wench, miss, damsel, demoiselle ) maid, -en ; virgin ; hoyden. Adj. infant-ine, -ile ; puerile ; boy-, girl-, child-, baby-, kitten-ish ; baby ; new-born, unfledged, new-fledged, callow. in -the cradle, - swaddling clothes, - long clothes, - arms, - leading sti-ings ; at the breast ; in one's teens. 131. Adolescence. — if. adolescence, pubescence, majority; adultness &c. adj. ; manhood, virility, maturity ; full -, ripe- age ; flower of age ; prime -, meridian- of life. man &c. 373 ; woman &c. 374 ; adult, no chicken, V. come -of age, - to man's estate, - to years of discretion ; attain majority, assume the toga virilism have -cut one's eye-teeth, - sown one's wild oats. Adj. adolescent, pubescent, of age ; of -full, - ripe- age ; out of one's teens, grown up, mature, full grown, in one's prime, middle-aged, manly, virile, adult ; womanly, matronly ; marriageable, nubile. 3. Time with reference to an Effect or Fu7pose. 132. Earliness. — Xf. earliness &c. adj. ; morning &c. 125. punctuality ; promptitude &c. {activ- ity) 682 ; haste (fee. {velocity) 274 ; sud- denness &c. {instantaneity) 113. prematurity, precocity, precipitation, anticipation ; a stitch in time. V. be -early &c. adj., - beforehand &c. adv. ; keep time, take time by the forelock, anticipate, forestall; have -, gain- the start ; steal a march upon ; gain time, draw on futurity; bespeak, secure, engage, pre-engage. accelerate; expedite &c. {quicken) 274 ; make haste &c. {hurry) 684. Adj. early, prime, timely, in time, punctual, forward ; prompt &c. {active) 682 ; summary. premature, precipita,te, precocious ; prevenient, anticipatory ; rath. sudden &c. {instantaneous) 113; un- expected &c. 508 ; near, - at hand ; immediate. 38 133. Xiateness. — it. lateness &c. adj. ; tardiness &c. {slotvness) 275. de-lay, -lation ; cunctation, procrasti- nation ; deferring &c. V. ; postponement, adjournment, prorogation, retardation, respite; protraction, prolongation; Fa- bian policy, inedecine expectante, chan- cery suit ; leeway ; high time. V. be -late &c. adj. ; tarry, wait, stay, bide, take time ; dawdle &c. {be in- active) 683 ; linger, loiter ; bide -, take- one's time ; gain time ; hang fire ; stand -, lie- over. put oflT, defer, delay, lay over, sus- pend ; shift -, stave- off"; waive, retard, remand, postpone, adjourn; procrasti- nate ; dally ; prolong, protract ; spin -, draw -, lengthen- out ; prorogue ; keep back ; tide over ; push -, drive- to the last ; let the matter stand over ; reserve &c.{store) 636 ; temporize ; consult one's pillow, sleep upon it. lose an opportunity &c. 135 ; be kept Lvi. TBIE. 132-135. Adv. early, soon, aiion,l)etimes, rath : long: punc- eft, -soons ; ere -, before- tiially &c. adj. ; to the minute ; in time ; in -good, - military, - pudding, - due- time ; time enough. beforehand; prematurely &c. adj.; precipitately &c. ( hastily ) 684 ; too soon 5 before -its, - one's- time ; in anti- cipation ; unexpectedly &c. 508. suddenly &c. {instantaneously) 113; before one can say ' Jack Robinson/ at short notice, extempore ; on the spur of the -moment, - occasion ; at once ; on the -spot, - instant : at sight ; off -, out of- hand ; a vue cToeil ; straight, -way, -forth; forthwith, incontinently, sum- marily, immediately, briefly, shortly, quickly, speedily, apace, before the ink is dry, almost immediately, presently, at the^ first opportunity, in no long time, by directly. Plir, touch and go, no sooner said than done. waiting, dance attendance ; kick -, cool- one's heels ; /aire antichamhre ; wait im- patiently ; await &c. {expect) 507 ; sit up, - at night. Adj. late, tardy, slow, behindhand, belated/postliminious, posthumous, back- ward, unpunctual; dilatory kc. {slmv) 275 ; delayed &c. v. ; in abey-ance. Adv. late ; late-, back-ward ; late in the day ; at -sunset, - the eleventh hour,- length, -last ; ultimately ; after -, behind- time ; too late ; too late for &c. 135. slowly, leisurely, deliberately, at one's leisure ; ex post facto ; sine die. Plir. nonum preinatur in annum. and by, in a while, 134. Occasion. — w. occasion, opportunity, opening, room ; suitable -, proper- -time, - season ; high time ; opportuneness &c. adj. ; tempestivity. crisis, turn, juncture, conjuncture; turning point, given time. nick of time ; golden -, well timed -, fine -, favourable- opportunity;' clear stage, fair field ; mollia tempoj-a ; fata Morgana; spare time &c. (leisure) 685. V. seize &c. (take) 789 -, use &c. 677 -, give &c. 784- an -opportunity, - occasion ; improve the occasion. suit the occasion &c. {be expedient) 646. strike the iron while it is hot, hattre le fer sur Venclume, make hay while the sun shines, take time by the forelock, prendre la halle au bond. Adj. opportune, timely, well-timed, timeful, seasonable. providential, lucky, fortunate, happy, favourable, propitious, auspicious, criti- cal ; suitable &c. 23 ; obiter dicta. Adv. opportunely kc. adj. ; in -proper, - due- -time, - course, - season ; for the nonce ; in the -nick, - fulness- of time ; all in good time ; just in time, at the eleventh hour, now or never. by the -way, - by; en passant, a propos ; pi'O -re natd, - hac vice ; par parenthese, parenthetically, by way of parenthesis; while -speaking of, - on 135. Zntexnpestivity. — m". in- tempestivity ; unsuitable -, improper- time ; unreasonableness &:c. adj. ; evil hour ; coiitreteinps ; intrusion ; anachro- nism &c. 115. V. be -ill timed &c. adj. ; mistime, intrude, come dmiss, break in upon ; have other fish to fry ; be -busy, - occupied. lose -, throw away -, waste -, neg- lect &c. 460- an opportunity ; allow -, sufier- the -opportunity, - occasion- to -pass, - slip, - go by, - escape, - lapse ; waste time &c. {be inactive) 683 ; let slip through the fingers, lock the stable door when the steed is stolen. Adj. ill-, mis-timed; untimely, in- trusive, unseasonable ; out of -date, - season; inopportune, timeless, un- toward, mal a propos, unlucky, inaus- picious, unpropitious, unfortunate, un- favourable : unsuited &c. 24 ; inexpe- dient &c. 647. unpunctual &c. {late) 133; too late for ; premature &c. {early) 132 ; too soon for ; wise after the event. Adv. inopportunely &c. adj. \ as ill luck would have it, in an evil hour, the time having gone by, a day after the fair. pjar. after meat mustard, after death the doctor. 39 13^—139. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. J. VI. 2= tHa subject ; e.v tempore ; on the spur of tlie -moment, - occasion ; on the spot &c. {early) 132. Plir. carpe diem ; oocasionem cognosce ; one's hour is come, the time is up ; that reminds me. 3°. Recuerent Time. 136. rrequency. — w. frequency, oftness; repetition &c. 104. V. recur &c. 104; do nothing "but; keep, - on. Adj. frequent, many times, not rare, thickcoming, incessant, perpetual, con- tinual, constant, repeated &c. 104; ha- bitual &c. 613. Adv. often, oft ; oft-, often-times ; fre- quently ; repeatedly &c. 104 ; unseldom not unfrequently ; in -quick, - rapid- succession ; many a time and oft ; daily, hourly &c. ; every -dav, -hour, -moment &c. perpetually, continually, constantly, incessantly, without ceasing, at all times, daily and hourly, night and day, day and night, day after day, morning noon and night, ever and anon. most often; commonly &c. (habitually) 613. sometimes, occasionally, at times, now and then, from time to time, there being times Avhen, toties quoties, often enough, again and again. 137. Infrequency. — wr. infre- quency, rareness, rarity ; fewness kc. 103 ; seldornness. V. be -rare &c. adj. Adj. un-, in-frequent; rare, - as a blue diamond ; few »S:c. 103 ; scarce ; almost unheard of, unprecedented, which has not occurred within the me- mory of the oldest inhabitant, not within one's previous experience. Adv. seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly ; not often, unfrequently, unoften ; scarce- ly -, hardly- ever ; once in a blue moon. once ; once -for all, - in a way ; pro hac vice. 139. Zrreg'ularity of recurrence. — N". irregularity, uncertainty, unpuiic- tuality ; fitfulness &c. adj. Adj . irregular, uncertain, unpunctual, capricious, desultory, fitful, flickering j rambling, rhapsodical ; spasmodic. Adv. irregularly kc. adj. ; by fits and starts &c. {discontinuously) 70. 138. Reg'ularity of recurrence. Periodicity. — w. periodicity, inter- mi ttence ; beat; oscillation &c. 314; pulse, pulsation ; rhythm ; alter-nation, -nateness, -nativeness, -nity. bout, round, revolution, rotation, turn. anniversary, jubilee, centenary. [Regularity of return] rota, cycle, period, stated time, routine ; days of the week ; Sunday, Monday &c. ; months of the year ; January &c. ; feast, fast &c. ; Christmas, Easter, New Year's day &c. punctuality, regularity, steadiness. V. recur in regular -order, - succession ; return, revolve ; come -again, - in its tm'n ; come round, - again ; beat, pulsate ; alternate ; intermit. Adj. periodic, -al ; serial, recurrent, cyclical, rhythmical ; recurring «&;c. V. ; inter-, re-mittent ; alternate, every other. hourly ; diurnal, daily ; quotidian, tertian, weekly ; hebdomad-al, -ary; bi-weekly, fortnightly; monthly, menstrual; yearly, annual; biennial, triennial, &c. ; centennial, secular ; paschal, lenten. Sec. regular, steady, punctual, regular as clockwork. Adv. periodically &c. adj. ; at -regular intervals, - stated times ; at -fixed, - established- periods ; punctually &c. adj. ; de die in diem ; from day to day, day by day. 40 I. VII. I' CHANGE. 138—143. by turns ; in -turn, - rotation ; alternately, every other day, off and on, ride and tie, round and roimd. Sectiox VII. CHANGE. 1°. SiMrLE Change. 140. [Difference at different times.] Chang'e. — M". change, alteration, mu- tation, permutation, variation, modifi- cation, modulation, mood, qualification, innovation, metastasis, deviation, turn : diversion ; break. transformation, transfiguration ; me- tamorphosis ; transmutation ; tran sub- stantiation : metagenesis, transanimation, transmigration, metempsychosis; a r«jf a/* ; alterative. conversion i&c. {gradual chavge) 144 ; revolution &:c. {sudden or radical change') 146; inversion &c. {reversal) 218; dis- placement &c. 185; transference &c. 270. changeableness &c. 149 ; tergiversa- tion &:c. {change of mind) 607. V. change, alter, vary, wax and wane ; modulate, diversify, qualify, tamper with ; turn, shift, veer, tack, chop, shuffle, swerve, warp, deviate, turn aside, evert, intervert ; pass to, take a turn, turn the corner, resume. work a change, modify, vamp, super- induce ; trans-form, -figure, -mute, -mog- rify, -ume ; metamorphose, ring the changes. innovate, introduce new blood, shuffle the cards ; give a -turn, - colour- to ; influence, turn the scale ; shift the scene, turn over a new leaf. recast &c. 146 ; reverse &c. 218 ; disturb &c. 61 ; convert into &c. 144. Adj. changed &c. r. ; new-fangled; changeable «S:c. 149; tran- sitional ; modifiable ; alterative. ildv. mutatis mutandis. Int. quantum mutatus ! PHr. ' a change came o'er the spirit of my dream * ; nous avons change tout cela; tempora mutantur nos et 7tmtamurin tllis', nonsum qualis eram. 141. [Absence of change.] Per- znanence. — N". stabiHty &c. 150; quiescence &c. 265 ; obstinacy kc. 606. permanence, persistence, endurance ; standing, status quo ; maintenance, pre- servation, conservation ; conservatism ; law of the Medes and Persians ; stand- ing dish. V. let -alone, - be : persist, remain, stay, tarry, rest ; hold, - on ; last, endure, bide, abide, aby, dwell, maintain, keep ; stand, - still, - fast ; subsist, live, out- live, survive ; hold-, keep- one's -ground, - footing ; hold good. Adj. stable &c. 150; persisting &c. V. ; permanent ; established ; unchanged &c. (change &c. 140) ; unrenewed ; in- tact, inviolate ; persistent ; monotonous, unchequered ; unfailing. un-destroyed, -repealed, -suppressed; conservative, qualis ab incepto : prescrip- tive &c. {old) 124; stationary »&c. 265. Adv. in statu quo ; for pood, finally ; at a stand, -still ; uti possidetis ; without a shadow of turning. Phr. esto perpetua ; nolumus lege^ AnglicB mutari. 142. [Change from action to rest.] Cessation. — wr. cessation, discon- tinuance, desistance, desinence. inter-, re-mission ; sus-pense, -pension ; interruption ; stop ; stopping &c. v. ; closure, stoppage, halt ; arrival &c. 292. pause, rest, lull, respite, truce, drop ; interregum, abeyance. dead -stop, - stand, - lock ; comma. 143. Continuance in action. — Mr. continu-ance, -ation ; run ; persist- ence &c. {perseverance) 604a. ; repeti- tion &c. 104. V. continue, persist ; go -, jog -, keep -, run -, hold- on ; abide, keep, pursue, stick to ; take -, maintain- its course ; carry on, keep up. sustain, uphold, hold up, keep on 41 142— 146. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. I. YII. 1°. colon, semicolon, period, full stop ; end &c. 67 ; death &c. 360. V. cease, discontinue, desist, stay ; break -, leave- olF; hold, stop, pull up, stop short ; stick, hang fire ; halt ; pause, rest. have done with, give over, surcease, shut up shop ; give up &c. (7'elinqmsh) 624. hold -, stay- one's hand ; rest on one's oars, repose on one's laurels. come to a -stand, - standstill, - dead lock, - full stop •, arrive &c. 292 ; go out, die away; wear -away, - oft'; pass away &c. {be past) 122 ; he at an end. intromit, interrupt, suspend, interpel ; inter-, re-mit ; put -an end, - a stop, - a period- to; bring to a stand, -still; stop, cut short, arrest, avast; stem the -tide, - torrent ; pull the check string. Int. hold ! stop ! enough ! avast ! have done ! a truce to ! leave off"! foot ; follow up, perpetuate ; maintain ; preserve &c. 6o4« ; harp upon &c. (re- jjeat) 104. keep -going, - alive, - the pot boilings - up the ball ; die in harness ; hold on -, pursue- the even tenour of one's way. let be ; stare supe?- antiquas vias ; quieta non 7novere ; let things take their course. Adj. continuing &c. v. ; uninterrup- ted, unintermitting, unvarying, unshift- ing ; unreversed, unstopped, unrevoked, unvaried ; sustained ; undying «&;c. {per- petual) 112; inconvertible. Int. right away ! Plir. nolumus leges Anglice mutari-, vestigia nulla retrorsum ; lahitur etlahetur. soft! 144:. [Gradual change to something different.] Conversion. — la". conversion, reduction, transmutation, resolution, assimilation ; assump- tion ; naturalization. chemistry, alchemy ; progress, growth, lapse, flux. passage ; transit, -ion ; transmigration, shifting &c. v. ; phase ; con- jugation ; convertibility. crucible, alembic, caldron. convert, pervert, renegade, apostate. wax ; come -, turn- -to, - into ; glide -, grow -, merffe- into : melt, grow, come V. be converted into ; become, get, turn out, lapse, shift; run -, fall -, pass ripen -, open -, resolve itself -, settle round to, mature, mellow ; assume the -form, - shape, - state, - nature, - character- of; illapse; assume a new phase, undergo a change. convert -, resolve- into ; make, render ; mould, form &c. 240 ; re- model, new model, refound, reform, reorganize ; assimilate -, bring -, reduce- to. Adj. converted into &c. v. ; convertible, resolvable into ; transitional ; naturalized. Adv. gradually &c. {sloivly) 275 ; in ti-ansitu &c. {transference) 270, 145. Reversion. — w. reversion, return ; revulsion. turning point, turn of the tide ; status quo ante helium ; calm before a storm. alternation &c. {periodicity) 138 ; inversion &c. 219 ; recoil &c. 277 ; regression &c. 283; restoration &c. 660; relapse &c. 661. V. revert, turn back; relapse &c. 661; recoil &c. 277; retreat &c. 283 ; restore &c. 660 ; undo, unmake ; turn the -tide, - scale. Adj. reverting &c. v. ; revulsive, reactionary. Adv. a reboui'S. 146. [Sudden or violent change.] Revolution. — w. revolution, houleversement, subversion, break up; destruction &c. 162; sudden -, radical -, sweeping -, organic- change ; clean sweep, coup d^etat, counter- revolution. 43 I. VII. 2®. CHANGE. 146—150. transilience, jump,^ leap, plunge, jerk, start ; explosion ; spasm, con- vulsion, throe, revulsion ; storm, earthquake, cataclysm. legerdemain &c. (t/'ick) 545. V. revolutionize ; new model, remodel, recast ; strike out something new, break with the past ; change the face of, unsex. Adj. unrecognizable. 147. [Change of one thing for ano- ther.] Substitution.— M". substi- tution, commutation ; supplanting &c. v., supersession, metonymy &c. { figure of speech) 52 1. [Thing substituted] substitute, succe- daneujn, make-shift, shift, pis oiler, stop- gap, jury-mast, locimi tenens, warm- ing-pan, dummy, scape-goat; double; changeling ; quid pro quo, alternative ; representative &c. {dejmty) 759; pa- limpsest. price, purchase-money, consideration, equivalent. V. substitute, put in the place of, change for ; make way for, give place to ; supply -, take- the place of ; sup- plant, supersede, replace, cut out, serve as a substitute ; step into -, stand in- the shoes of; make a shift -, put up- with ; borrow of Peter to pay Paul ; comjnute, redeem, compound for. Adj. substituted &c. v. ; vicarious, subdititious. Adv. instead ; in -place, - lieu, - the de mieux. 148. [Double or mutual change.] Znterchangre. — ur. inter-, ex-change; com-, per-, inter-mutation ; reciproca- tion, transposition, shuffling; castling [at chess] ; hocus-pocus. interchange-ableness, -ability. barter &c. 794 ; tit for tat &c. (retali- ation) 718; cross fire, battledore and shuttlecock; quid pro quo. V. inter-, ex-, counter-change ; bandy, transpose, shuffle, change hands, swap, permute, reciprocate, commute ; give and take, return the compliment ; play at -puss in the corner, - battledore and shuttlecock ; retaliate &c. 7 1 8. Adj. interchanged &c. v. ; reciprocal, mutual, commutative, interchangeable, intercurrent. Adv. in exchange, vice versa, wutatis mutandis, backwards and forwards, by tm'ns, turn and turn about; each -, every one- in his turn. stead, - the room- of ; faute 2°. Complex Change. 149. Chang'eableness. — ir. changeableness &c. adj. ; mutability, inconstancy ; versatility, mobility ; in- stability, unstable equilibrium ; vacil- lation &c. {irresolution) 605 ; fluctuation, vicissitude ; alternation &c. {oscillation) 314. restlessness Szc. adj. ; fidgets, dis- quiet ; dis-, in-quietude ; unrest ; agita- tion &c. 315. moon,Proteus, chameleon, quicksilver, shifting sands, weathercock, harlequin, Cynthia of the minute, April showers ; wheel of Fortune ; transientness &c. 11 1 . V. fluctuate, vary, waver, flounder, flicker, flitter, flit, flutter, shift, shuffle, shake, totter, tremble, vacillate, wamble, turn and turn about, ring the changes ; sway -, shift- to and fro ; change and change about; oscillate &c. 314; vi- brate -, oscillate- between two extremes ; 150. ' Stability. — w. stability ; immutability &c. adj, ; unchangeable- ness &c. adj. ; constancy ; stable equili- brium, immobility, soundness, vitality, stabiliment, stifihess, anchylosis, solidity, aplomb. establishment, fixture; rock, pillar, tower, foundation, leopard's spots, Ethiopian's skin. permanence &c. 141 ; obstinacy &c. 606. V. be -firm &c. adj. ; stick fast ; stand -, keep -, remain- firm ; weather the storm. settle, establish, stablish, ascertain, fix, set, stabilitate ; retain, keep hold ; make -good, - sure ; fasten &c. {join) 43 ; set on its legs, float ; perpetuate. settle down ; strike -, take- root ; take up one's abode &c. 1 84 ; build one's house on a rock. 43 149—152. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. 1. YII. 2^ alternate ; have as many phases as the moon. Adj. change-able, -ful ; changing &c. 140; mutable, variable, chequered, ever changing ; prote-an, -iform ; versatile. unstaid, inconstant; un- steady, -stable, -fixed, -settled ; fluctuating &c. V. ; restless ; agitated &c. 315; erratic, fickle ; irresolute Szc. 605 ; capricious &c. 608 ; touch-and-go ; incoLsonant, fitful, spasmodic ; vibratory ; vagrant, wayward ; desultory ; afloat ; alterna- ting ; alterable, plastic, mobile ; tran- sient &c. III. Adv. see-saw &c. (oscillation) 314; off and on. Adj . unchangeable, immutable ; un- alter-ed, -able ; not to be changed, con- stant; permanent &c. 141 ; invariable, undeviating ; stable, durable ; perennial &c. {diuturncd) 1 10. fixed, steadfast, firm, fast, steady, balanced ; confirmed, valid ; immovable, irremovable, riveted, rooted ; settled, established &c. v. ; vested ; incontro- vertible, stereotyped, indeclinable. tethered, anchored, moored, at anchor, on a rock, firm as a rock ; firmly -seated, - established kc. i'.; deep-rooted, ineradi- cable ; inveterate ; obstinate &c. 606. transfixed, stuck fast, aground, high and dry, stranded. indefeasible, irretrievable, intrans- mutabla, incommutable, irresoluble, ir- revocable, irreversible, reve'-seless, in- extinguishable, irreducible ; indissol-uble, -vable ; in'lestructible, un- dying, imperishable, indelible, indeciduous ; insusceptible, - of change. Int. stet. Present Events. 151. Eventuality.— N". eventu- ality, event, occurrence, incident, aflair, transaction, proceeding, fact ; matter of -, naked- fact ; phenomenon ; advent. business, concern ; circumstance, par- ticular, casuality, accident, adventure, passage, crisis, pass, emergency, contin- gency, consequence. the world, life, things, doings, affairs; things-, affairs- in general; the times, state of affairs, order of the day ; course -, tide -, stream -, current -, run -, march- of -things, - events ; ups and downs of life; chapter of accidents &c. {chance) 156; situation &c. {circumstances) 8. V. happen, occur ; take -place, - effect ; come, become of; come -off*, - about, - round, - into existence, - forth, - to pass, - on ; pass, present itself ; fall ; fall -, turn- out ; run, be on foot, fall in ; be-fall, -tide, -chance ; prove, even- tuate, draw on ; turn -, crop -, spring -, cast- up; super-, sur-vene; issue, ar- rive, ensue, arise, start, hold, take its course; pass off &c. {he past) 122. meet with ; experience ; fall to the lot of ; be one's -chance, - fortune, - lot ; find ; encounter, undergo ; pass -, go- through ; endure &c. {feel) 821. Adj. happening &c. v. ; going on, doing, current ; in the wind, afloat ; on -foot, - the tapis ; at issue, in question 44 Future Events. 152. Destiny. ~ ST. destiny &c. {necessity) 601 ; future -, post- exis- tence ; future state, next world, world to come, after life ; futurity &c. 121; everlasting -life, - death ; prospect &c. {expectation) 507. v. impend ; hang -, lie- over ; threaten, loom, await, come on, ap- proach, stare one in the face ; fore-, pre-ordain ; predestine, doom, have in store for. Adj. impending &c. v. ; destined ; about to -be, - happen ; coming, in store, to come, going to happen, instant, at hand, near; near -, close- at hand; overhanging, hanging over one's head, imminent ; brewing, preparing, forth- coming ; in the wind, on the cards, in reserve ; that -will, - is to- be ; in pros- pect &c. {expected) 507 ; looming in the -distance, - horizon, - future ; unborn, in embryo ; in the womb of -time, - futurity ; pregnant &c. {producinff) i6r. Adv. in -time, - the long run ; all in good time; eventually kc. 151 ; what- ever may happen &c. {certainly) 474; as -chance «&:c. 156- would have it. ; incidental. I. Tin. 1° CAUSATION. 151—154. eventful, stirring-, bustling, full of incident. Adv. eventually ; in -the event of, - case ; in the course of things ; in the -natural, - ordinary- course of things ; as -things, - times- go ; as the world -goes, - wags ; as the -tree falls, - cat jumps ; as it may ►turn out, - happen. Phr. the plot thickens. Section YIII. CAUSATION. 1°. Constancy or Sequence in Events. 153. [Constant antecedent.] Cause. — W. cause, origin, source, principle, element ; occasioner, prime mover, pri- mum mobile ; vera causa ; author &c. {producer) 164; main-spring, agent; leaven ; groundwork, foundation &c. (support) 215. spring, fountain, well, font ; fountain -, spring- head ; fons et origo, genesis ; descent &c. {paternity) 166; remote cause; influence. pivot, hinge, turning-point, lever ; key ; proximate cause, causa causans ; last straw that breaks the camel's back. ground ; reason, - why ; why and wherefore, rationale, occasion, deriva- tion ; final cause &c. {intention) 620 ; les dessous des caHes ; undercurrents. rudiment, egg, germ, embryo, bud, root, radix, radical, etymon, nucleus, seed, stem, stock, stirps, trunk, tap- root. nest, cradle, nursery, womb, nidus, birth-place, hot-bed. caus-ality, -ation ; orgination ; pro- duction &c. 161. V, be the -cause &c. «.- of; origi- nate ; give -origin, - rise, - occasion- to ; cause, occasion, sow the seeds of, kindle, suscitate ; bring -on, - to pass, - about ; produce ; create &c. 161 ; set -up, - afloat, - on foot ; found, broach, insti- tute, lay the foundation of; lie at the root of. procure, induce, draw down, open the door to, superinduce, evoke, entail, operate ; elicit, provoke. conduce to &c. {tend to) 176 ; contribute ; have a -hand in, - finger in- the pie ; determine, decide, turn the scale ; have a common origin; derive its origin &c. {effect) 154. Adj. caused &c. v. ; causal, original ; prim-arv, -itive, -ordial ; aboriginal ; radical ; embry-onic, -otic ; in -embryo, - ovo ; seminal, germinal ; at the bottom of ; connate, having a common origin. Adv. because &c. 155 ; behind the scenes. 154. [Constant sequent.] Effect. — W. eft'ect, consequence ; deriva-tive, -tion ; result ; result-ant, -ance ; upshot, issue, denouement ; end &c. 67 ; develop- ment, outgrowth, fruit, crop, harvest, product, bud. production, produce, work, handiwork, fabric, performance ; creature, creation ; oft-spring, -shoot ; first-fruits, -lings ; premices. V. be the -efiect &c. n.- of ; be -due, - owing- to ; originate -in, - from ; rise -, arise -, take its rise -, spring -, pro- ceed -, emanate -,come -, grow -, bud -, sprout -, germinate -, issue -, flow -, result -, follow -, derive its origin -, ac- crue- from ; come -to, - of, - out of; de- pend -, hang -, hinge -, turn- upon. take the consequences, sow the wind and reap the whirlwind Adj. owing to ; V. ; derivable from 153- by; dependent upon; derived -, evolved- from ; derivative ; hereditary. Adv. of course, it follows that, natu- rally, consequently ; as a -, in- conse- quence ; through, all along of, neces- sarily, eventually. Phr. cela va sans dire, thereby hangs a tale. resulting from &:c. 45 155 -158. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. I. VIII. 1° 155. [Assignment of cause.] At- tribution. — N". attribution, theory, Etiology, ascription, reference to, ra- tionale ; accounting for &c. v. ; Palsetio- logy,* imputation, derivation from. fil-, affil-iation ; pedigree &c. {pater- nity) 1 66. explanation &c. {interpretation) 522 ; reason why &c. {cause) 153. v. attribute -, ascribe -, impute -, refer -, lay -, point -, trace -, bring home- to ; put -, set- down- to ; charge -, ground- on ; invest with, assign as cause, lay at the door of, father upon ; account for, derive from, point out the -reason &c. 153; theorize; tell how it comes; put the saddle on the right horse. Adj. attributed &c. v. ; attributable &c. V. ; refer-able, -rible ; due to, deri- vable from; owing to &c. {effect) 154; putative. Adv. hence, thence, therefore, for, since, on account of, because, owing to ; on that account; from -this, - that- cause ; thanks to, forasmuch as ; whence, propter hoc. why ? wherefore ? whence ? how -comes, - is, - happens- it ? how does it happen ? in -some, - some such- way : some- how, - or other. Pbr. that is why ; hinc iUcB lachrymce. 156. [Absence of assignable cause.] Chance.t — M". chance, indetermina- tion, accident, fortune, hazard, hap, hap- hazard, chance-medley, random, luck, raccroc, casualty, contingence, adventure, hit; fate Sic. {necessity) 601; equal chance ; lottery; toss up &c. 621 ; turn of the -table, - cards ; hazard of the die, chapter of accidents ; cast -, throw- of the dice ; heads or tails, wheel of For- tune ; sortes, - VirgiliancB. probability, possibility, contingency, odds, long odds, run of luck ; mainchance. theory of -Probabilities, - Chances ; book-making ; assurance ; speculation, gaming, &c. 621. V. chance, hap, turn up ; fall to one's lot ; be one's -fate &c. 601 ; stumble on, light upon; take one's chance &c. 621. Adj. casual, fortuitous, accidental, adventitious, causeless, incidental, con- tingent, uncaused, undetermined, inde- terminate ; possible &c. 470 ; uninten- tional &c. 621. Adj. by -chance, - accident ; casually; perchance &c. {possibly) 470 ; for aught one knows ; as -good, - bad, - ill-luck &c. n.- would have it ; as it may -be, - chance, - turn up, - happen ; as the case may be. 2°. CoNifECTiox BET"svEEi;r Cause and Effect. 157. Power. — W. power ; poten-cy, -tiality ; puissance, might, force ; energy &c. 171; dint; right -hand, -arm; as- cendency, sway, control; pre-potency, -poUence ; almightiness, omnipotence ; authority &c. 737 ; strength &c. 159. ability; ableness &c. adj.; compe- tency; effi-ciency, -cacy; validity, co- gency ; enablement ; vantage ground ; influence &c. 175. pressure ; elasticity ; gravity, elec- tricity, magnetism, galvanism, voltaic electricity, voltaism, electro-magnetism ; attraction ; vis -ine7'ties, - mortua, - viva ; potential -, dynamic- energy; friction, suction. capability, capacity; quid valeant 158. Impotence. — w. impotence ; in-,dis-ability ; disablement,impuissauce, iml3ecility; incapa-city, -bility ; inapt-, inept-itude ; indocility ; invalidity, in- efficiency, incompetence, disqualification. telum imhelle, hrutum fulmen, blank cartridge, flash in the pan, vox et prcB- terea nihil, dead letter, bit of waste paper, dummy. inefficacy &c. {inutility) 645 ; failure &c. 732. helplessness &;c. adj. ; prostration, paral- ysis, palsy, apoplexy, syncope, sideration, deliquium, collapse, exhaustion, softening of the brain, emasculation, inanition. cripple, old woman, muff, molly- ; coddle. * Whewcll, ' History of the Inductive Sciences,' book xviii. a^oI. iii. p. 397 (3rd edit.), f The word Chance has two distinct meanings: the first, the absence of asgignabl© cause, as above ; and the second, the absence oi design — for the latter see 621. 46 I. Tin. -f CAUSATION. 157—160. humeri quid ferre recusent ; faculty, I v. be -impotent &c. adj. ; not liaye quality, attribute, endowment, virtue, \ a leg to stand on. gift, property, qualification, suscepti- I vouloir -roynpre VanguiUe au genoUy bility. -prendre la lune avec leg dents. V. be -powerful &c. adj. ; gain -power collapse, faint, swoon, fall into a &c. n. I swoon, drop ; go by the board ; end in belong -, pertain- to; lie -, be- in ; smoke kc. {fail) 732. one's power ; can. | render -powerless Sec. adj. ; deprive give -, confer -, exercise- power &c. ! of power •, dis-able, -enable ; disarm, in- w.f empower, enable, invest; in-, en-due; '■ capacitate, disqualify, unfit, invalidate, endow, arm; strengthen &c. 159 ; com- j deaden, cramp, tie the hands; double pel &c. 744. i up, prostrate, paralyze, muzzle, cripple, Adj. powerful, puissant; potent, -ial; j becripple, maim, lame, hamstring, draw capable, able ; equal -, up- to ; cogent, I the teeth of ; throttle, strangle, garrotte ; valid ; elFect-ive, -ual ; efficient, effica- | ratten, silence, sprain, clip the wings of, cious, adequate, competent ; multi-, put hois de combat, spike the guns ; pleni-, omni-potent ; almighty. j take the wind out of one's sails, scotch forcible &c. adj. {energetic) 171 ; in fluential &c. 175; productive Szc. 168. Adv. powerfully &c. adj. ; by -virtue, - dint- of. the snake, put a spoke in one's wheel ; break the -neck, - back ; un-hinge, -fit ; put out of gear. unman, unnerve, enervate ; emascu- late, castrate, geld. shatter, exhaust; weaken &c. 160, Adj. powerless, impotent, unable, incapable, incompetent; ineff- icient, -ective ; inept ; un-fit, -fitted ;' un-, dis-qualified ; unendowed ; in-, un-apt ; crippled, disabled &c. v. ; armless. harmless, unarmed, weaponless, defenceless, sine ictu, unfortified, indefensible, vincible, pregnable, untenable. para-lytic, -lyzed : palsied, imbecile ; nerve-, sinew-, marrow-, pith-, lust-less; emasculate, disjointed; out of -joint, - gear; un-nerved, -hinged ; water-logged, on one's beam ends, rudderless ; laid on one's back ; done up, dead beat, exhausted, shattered, demoralized ; gravelled &c. {in difficulty) 704 ; helpless, unfriended, fatherless ; without a leg to stand on, hors de combat, laid on the shelf. null and void, nugatory, inoperative, good for nothing ; ineffectual *S:c. {failing) 732 ; inadequate &c. 640; inefficacious &c. {useless) 645. 159.[Degree of power.] Strengrth. — W. strength; power &c. 157; energy &c. 171 ; vigour, force ; main -, physi- cal -, brute- force; spring, elasticity, tone, tension, tonicity. stoutness &c. adj. ; lustihood, stamina, nerve, muscle, sinew, thews and sinews, physique ; pith, -iness ; virility, vitality. athlet-ics, -icism; gymnastics, feats of strength. adamant, steel, iron, oak, heart of oak ; iron grip. athlete, gymnast, acrobat ; Atlas, Hercules, Antaeus, Samson, Cyclops, Goliath ; tower of strength ; giant re- freshed. strengthening &c. mvigoration. refreshment, refocillation. [Science of forces] Dynamics, Statics. 160. "Weakness. — it. weakness Sec. adj. ; debility, atony, relaxation, languor, enervation ; impotence &c. 158 infirmity ; efl'eminacy, feminaiity ; fra- gility, liaccidity ; inactivity Sec. 683. declension -, loss -, failure- of strength ; delicacy, invalidation, decre- pitude, asthenia, adynamy, cachexy, ca- che.vta, sprain, strain. reed, thread, rope of sand, house of cards. soft-, weak -ling; infant &c. 129; youth &c. 127. V. be -weak Sec. adj. ; drop, crumble, give way, totter, tremble, shake, halt, limp, fade, languish, decline, flag, fail, have one leg in the grave. render -weak &c. adj. ; weaken, en- feeble, debilitate, shake, deprive of 47 1,59—162. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. I. Tin. 2^. V. be -strong &c. adj., - stronger; overmatch. render -strong &c. adj. ; give -strengtli &c. n. ; strengthen, invigorate, brace, nerve, fortify, sustain, harden, case- harden, steel ; gird ; screw -, wind -, set- up ; gird -, brace- up one's loins : recruit, set on one's legs ; vivify ; refresh &c. 689 ; refect ; reinforce &c. {restore) 660. Adj. strong, mighty, vigorous, for- cible, hard, adamantine, stout, robust, sturdy, hardy, powerful, potent, puissant, valid. resistless, irresistible, invincible, proof against, impregnable, unconquerable, in- domitable, inextinguishable, unquencli- able ; incontestable ; more than a match for; over -powering, -whelming; all- powerful ; sovereign. able-bodied; athletic; Herculean, Cy- clopean, Atlantean; muscular, brawny, wiry, well-knit, broad-shouldered, sin- ewy, strapping, stalwart, gigantic. man-ly, -like, -ful ; masculine, male, virile. un- weakened, -allayed, -withered, -shaken, -worn, -exhausted; in full -force, - swing ; in the plenitude of power. stubborn, thick-ribbed, made of iron, deep-rooted; strong as -a lion, - a horse, - brandy ; sound as a roach ; in -fine, - high- feather ; like a giant refreshed. Adv. strongly &c. adj. ; by -force &c. n. pulsion) 744. Plir. ' our withers are unwrung.' strength, relax, enervate ; un-brace, -nerve ; cripple, unman, &c. {render poiverless) 158; cramp, reduce, sprain, strain, blunt the edge of; dilute, im- poverish ; decimate ; extenuate ; reduce -in strength, - the strength of; mettre de Veau dans son vin. Adj. weak, feeble, debile ; impotent &c. 1 58 ; relaxed, unnerved, &c. v. ; sap-, strength-, power-less ; weakly, unstrung, flaccid, adynamic, asthenic ; nervous. soft, effeminate, feminate, womanly. frail, fragile, shattery ; flimsy, unsub- stantial, gimcrack, gingerbread ; rickety, cranky ; creachy ; drooping, tottering, &c. V. ; broken, lame, withered, shattered, shaken, crazy, shaky ; palsied «fcc. 158; decrepit. languid, poor, infirm ; faint, -ish ; sickly i&c. (disease) 655; dull, slack, evanid, spent, short-winded, eff*ete ; weatherbeaten ; decayed, rotten, worn, seedy, languishing, -wasted, washy, laid low, pulled down, the worse for wear. un-strengthened &c. 159, -supported, -aided, -assisted ; aidless, defenceless, &c. 158. on its last legs; weak as a -child, - baby, - chicken, - cat, - rat ; weak as -water, - water gruel, - gingerbread, - milk and water ; colourless &c. 429. Plir. non sum qualis eram. . ; by main force &c. {hy com- 3°. Power in Operation. 161. Production. — IT. produc- tion, creation, construction, formation, fabrication, manufacture ; building, ar- chitecture, erection, edification ; coin- age ; organization ; nisus formativus ; putting together &c. v. ; establishment ; workmanship, performance ; achieve- ment &c. {completion) 729. flowering, fructification. bringing forth &c. v. ; parturition, birth, birth-throe, child-birth, delivery, confinement, travail, labour, midwifery, obstetrics ; geniture ; gestation &c. {ma- turation) 673 ; evolution, ^ development, growth ; genesis, generation, epigenesis, 48 162. [Non-production,] Destruc- tion. — M". destruction ; waste, disso- lution, breaking up ; di-, dis-ruption ; consumption ; disorganization. fall, downfall, ruin, perdition, crash, smash, havoc, delabre77ient, debacle; break -down, - up ; prostration ; desolation, houleverscment, wreck, wrack, shipwreck, cataclysm. extinction, annihilation ; destruction of life &c. 361; knock-down blow; doom, crack of doom. destroying etc. v. ; demo-lition, -lish- ment; overthrow, subversion, suppres- sion; abolition &c. {abrogation) 756; I. VIII. 3°. CAUSATION. 161—163. pro-creation, -generation, -pagation; fe- cunda-tion, impregnation. spontaneous generation ; arche-genesis, -biosis] hio-, abio-, homo-, xeno-genesis •* authorship, publication ; works, ceuvre. edifice, building, structure, fabric, erection, pile, tower, flower, fruit. V. produce, perform, operate, do, make, gar, form, construct, fabricate, frame, contrive, manufacture ; weave, forge, coin, carve, chisel ; build, raise, edify, rear, erect, put together; set -, run- up ; establish, constitute, compose, organize, institute ; achieve, accomplish, &c. (comiJlete) 729. flower, bear fruit, fructify, teem, ean, yean, farrow, drop, pup, kitten, kindle ; bear, lay, bring forth, give birth to, lie in, be brought to bed of, evolve, pullu- late, usher into the world. make productive &c. 1 68 ; create ; beget, get, generate, fecundate, impreg- nate ; pro-create, -generate, -pagate ; engender ; bring -, call- into -being, - existence ; breed, hatch, develop, bring up. induce, superinduce ; suscitate ; cause &c. 153 ; acquire &c. 775. Adj. produc-ed, -ing &c. v.; produc- tive of ; prolific &c. 168; creative; for- mative ; gen-etic, -ial, -ital ; pregnant ; enceinte, big -, fraught- with ; in the family way, teeming, 1 arturient, in the straw, brought to bed of; puerper-al, -ous. architectonic. sacrifice; ravage, devastation, razzia\ incendiarism ; revolution &c. 146 ; ex- tirpation &c. {extraction) 301 ; com- mencement de la Jin, road to ruin ; di- lapidation &c. {deterioration) 659. V. be -destroyed kc; perish ; fall, - to the ground ; tumble, topple ; go -, fall- to pieces ; break up ; crumble, - to dust; go to -the dogs, - the wall, - smash, - shivers, - wreck, - pot, - wrack and ruin ; go -by the board, - all to smash ; be all -over, - up- with ; totter to its fall. destroy ; do -, make- away with *, nullify; annul &c. 756; sacrifice, de- molish; tear up; over- turn, -throw, -whelm ; upset, subvert, put an end to ; seal the doom of, do for, dish, undoj break -, cut- up ; break -, cut -, pull -, mow -, blow -, beat- down ; suppress, quash, put down; cut short, take ofi*, blot out ; dispel, dissipate, dissolve ; consume. smash, crash, quell, squash, squelch, crumple up, shatter, shiver; batter; tear -, crush -, cut -, shake -, pull -, pick- to pieces ; nip : tear to -rags, - tatters ; crush -, knock- to atoms ; ruin ; strike out ; throw -, knock- -down, - over ; fell, sink, swamp, scuttle, wreck, shipwreck, engulph, submerge; lay in -ashes, - ruins ; sweep away, erase, ex- punge, raze ; level, - with the -ground, - dust. deal destruction, lay waste, ravage, gut ; disorganize ; dismantle &c. {ren- der useless) 64$ ; devour, swallow up, desolate, devastate, sap, mine, blast, confound ; exterminate, extinguish, quench, annihilate ; snufF -, put -, stamp -, trample- out ; lay -, trample- in the dust ; prostrate ; tread -, crush -, trample- under foot ; lay the axe to the root of ; make -short work,- a clean sweep, - mincemeat- of; cut up root and branch; fling -, scatter- to the winds ; throw overboard ; strike at the root of, sap the foundations of, spring a mine, blow up ; ravage with fire and sword ; cast to the dogs ; eradicate &c. 301. Adj. destroyed &c. v. ; perishing &c. v. ; trembling -,^ nodding -, tottering- to its fall ; in course of -destructi'^n &c. n. ; extinct. destructive, subversive, ruinous, incendiary, deletory ; destroying &c. V. ; suicidal ; deadly ^'C. {Ulling) 361. Adv. with -crushing effect, - a sledge-hammer. Plir. delenda est Carthago. 163. Reproduction. — wr. reproduction, renovation ; restoration &c. 660 ; renewal ; new edition, reprint, revival, regeneration, palinge- Huxley. 49 163—170. ABSTKACT RELATIONS. I. viu. 3° nesia, revivification ; apotheosis ; resuscitation, reanimation, resurrection, reappearance ; Phoenix. generation &c. {production) i6i ; multiplication. V. reproduce ; restore &c. 660 ; revive, renovate, renew, regenerate, revivify, resuscitate, reanimate, refashion, stir the embers, put into the crucible; multiply, repeat. crop up, spring up like mushrooms. Adj. reproduced &c. v. ; renascent, reappearing; reproductive. 164. Producer.— N". producer, originator, inventor, author, founder, generator, mover, architect ; maker &c. (agent) 690. 166. Paternity.— w. paternity; parentage; consanguinity &c. 11. parent, father, sire, dad, papa, pate?'- familias, ahha ; genitor, progenitor, pro- creator; ancestor; grand-sire, -father; great-grandfather. house, stem, trunk, tree, stock, stirps, pedigree, lineage, line, family, tribe, sept, race, clan; genealogy, descent, extraction, birth, ancestry ; forefathers, forbears, patriarchs. motherhood, maternity ; mother, dam, mamma, materfamilias ; grandmother. Adj. paternal, parental; maternal; family, ancestral, linear, patriarchal. 168. Productiveness.— Iff. pro- \ ductiveness &c. adj. ; fecundity, fertility, luxuriance, uberty. pregnancy, pullulation, fructification, multiplication, propagation, procreation ; superfetation. milch cow, rabbit, hydra, warren, seed-plot, land flowing with milk and honey ; second crop, aftermath ; proto- plasm; fertilization. V.make -productive &c. adj. ; fructify ; procreate, generate, fertilize, sperma- tize, impregnate ; fecund-ate, -ify ; teem, multiply; produce &c. t6i ; conceive. 165. Destroyer. — w. destroyer &c. (destroy &c. 162) ; cankerworm &c. {hane) 663 ; iconoclast ; assassin &c. {Ml- ler) 361 ; executioner &c. (punish) 975. 167. Posterity. — w. posterity, progeny, breed, issue, offspring, brood, litter, seed, farrow, spawn, spat ; family, grandchildren, heirs ; great-grandchild. child, son, daughter ; bantling, scion ; shoot, sprout, olive branch, sprit, branch ; off"-shoot, -set ; ramification ; descend- ant ; heir, -ess ; heir -apparent, - pre- sumptive ; chip of the old block ; heredity ; rising generation. straight descent, sonship, line, lineage, filiation, primogeniture. Adj. filial. 169. ITnproductiveness. — w« unproductiveness &c. adp ; infertility, sterility, infecundity ; impotence &c. 1 58 ; unprofitableness &c. (inutility) 645. waste, desert, Sahara, wild, wilder- ness, howling wilderness. V. be -unproductive &c. adj. ; hang fire, flash in the pan, come to nothing. Adj. unproductive, inoperative, bar- ren, addle, unfertile, unprolific, arid, sterile, unfruitful, infecund ; sine p'ole ; fallow ; teem-, issue-, fruit-less ; un- profitable &c. (useless) 645 ; null and void, of no effect. Adj. productive, prolific : teem-ing, -ful ; fertile, fruitful, frugiferous, fruit- bearing ; fecund, luxuriant ; pregnant, uberous. procre-ant, -ative ; generative, life-giving, spermatic ; multiparous ; omnitic ; propagable. parturient &c. (producing) 161 ; profitable &c. (useful) 644. 170. Ag'ency. — W. agency, operation, force, working, strain, function, office, maintenance, exercise, work, swing, play ; inter-work- ing, -action. causation &c. 153; instrumentality &c. 631; influence &c. 1755 action »S:c. (voluntary) 680 ; modus operandi &c. 627. quickening -, maintaining- power ; home stroke. V. be -in action &c. adj. ; operate, work ; act, - upon ; perform, play, support, sustain, strain, maintain, take effect, quicken, strike. 50 I Tin. 3°. CAUSATION. 170—174. come -, bring- into -operation, - play ; have -play, - free play ; bring to bear upon. Adj. operative, efficient, efficacious, practical, effectual. at vp'ork, on foot ; acting &c. {doing) 680 ; in -operation, - force, - action, - play, - exercise ; acted -, wrought- upon. Adv. by the -agency &c. n.- of; through &c. {instrumentality) 631 ; by means of &c. 632. 171. Physical Energ-y.— w. en- ergy, physical energy, force ; keenness &c. adj. ; intensity, vigour, strength, elasticity ; go ; high pressure. acri-mony,-tude ; causticity, virulence, poignancy; harshness &c. adj.\ severity, edge, point ; pungency &c. 392. cantharides ; seasoning &c. {condi- ment) 393. activity, agitation, effervescence ; fer- ment, -ation; ebullition, splutter, per- turbation, stir, bustle ; voluntaiy energy &c. 682 ; quicksilver. resolution &c. {mental energy) 604 ; exertion &c. {effort) 686 ; excitation &c. {mental) 824. V. give -energy &c. n. ; energize, stimulate, kindle, excite, exert; sharpen, intensify; inflame &c. {render violent) 173 ; wind up &c. {strengthen) 159. strike, - into, - hard, - home ; make an impression. Adj. strong, energetic, forcible, active ; intense, deep-dyed, severe, keen, vivid, sharp, acute, incisive, trenchant, brisk. rousing, irritating ; poignant ; virulent, caustic, corrosive, mordant, harsh, stringent ; double-edged, - shotted, - distilled ; drastic, escha- rotic ; racy &c. {pungent) 392. potent &c. (poz6-er/wZ) 157. Adv. strongly &c. adj. ; fm-titer in re ; with telling effect. Pbr. th e steam is up ; vires acquirit eundo. 172. Physical Inertness. — ir. inertness, dulness &c. adj. ; inertia, vis inej'tice, inertion, inactivity, torpor, lan- guor ; quiescence kc. 265 ; latency, in- action. mental inertness ; sloth &c. {inactivity) 683 ; inexcitability &c. 826 ; irresolu- tion &c. 605 ; obstinacy &c. 606 ; per- manence &c. 141. V. be -inert &c. adj.; hang fire, smoulder. Adj. inert, inactive, passive ; torpid &c. 683 ; sluggish, dull, heavy, flat, slack, tame, slow, blunt ; lifeless, dead ; uninlluential. latent, dormant, smouldering, unex- erted. Adv. inactively &e. adj.; in -sui- pense, -abeyance. 173. Violence. — x. violence, in- clemency, vehemence, might, impetu- osity ; boisterousness &c. adj. ; efferve- scence, ebullition; turbulence, bluster; uproar, riot, row, rumpus, le diahle a quntre, devil to pay, all the fat in the tire. severity &c. 739 ; ferocity, rage, fury ; exacerbation, exasperation, malignity: fit, paroxysm, orgasm ; force, brute force ; outrage ; coup de main ; strain, shock, shog ; spasm, convulsion, throe ; hysterics, passion, &c. {state of excita- bility) 825. out-break, -burst ; burst, bounce, dis- silience, discharge, volley, explosion, 51 174. Ittoderation.— Iff. moder- ation; lenity &c. 7405 temperateness, gentleness, &c. adj.; sobriety; quiet; mental calmness &c. {inexcitability) 826. moderating &c. v. ; relaxation, remis- sion, mitigation, tranquillization, as- suagement, contemporation, pacification. measure, juste milieu^ golden mean, tipiCTTOv fxerpov. moderator ; lullaby, sedative, lenitive, demulcent, rose-water, balm, poppy, opi- ate, anodyne, milk, opium, 'poppy or mandragora '; wet blanket ; palliative. V. be -moderate &c. adj. ; keep with- in -bounds, - compass ; sober -, settle- E2 173—174. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. I. vni. 3' blow up, blast, detonation, rush, erup- tion, displosion, torrent. turmoil &c. {disorder) 59; ferment &c. {agitation) 315; storm, tempest, rough weather ; squall &c. {ivind) 349 ; earthquake, volcano, thunderstorm. fury, dragon, demon, tiger, beldame, Tisiphone, Megaera, Alecto, madcap, wild beast; fire-eater &c. {blusterer) 887. V. be -violent &c. adj. ; run high ; ferment, eftervesce ; romp, rampage ; run -wild, - riot ; break the peace ; rush, tear ; rush head-long, -foremost ; run a muck, raise a storm, make a riot ; make -, kick up- a row ; bluster, rage, roar, riot, storm ; boil, - over ; fume, foam, come in like a lion, wreak, bear down, ride rough - shod, out - Herod Herod ; spread like wildfire. break -, fly -, burst- out ; bounce, explode, go off, displode, fly, detonate, thunder, blow up, flash, flare, burst; shock, strain ; break-, force-, prize-open. render -violent &c. adj. ; sharpen, stir up, quicken, excite, incite, urge, lash, stimulate ; irritate, inflame, kindle, sus- citate, foment; accelerate, aggravate, ex- asperate, exacerbate, convulse, infuriate, madden, lash into fury ; fan -, add fuel to- the flame ; oleum addere camino. explode; let -ofl', - fly; discharge, detonize, fulminate. Adj. violent, vehement; warm; acute, sharp ; rough, rude, ungentle, bluff', boisterous, wild ; brusque, abrupt, wasp- down ; keep the peace, remit, relent ; take in sail. moderate, soften, mitigate, temper, accoy ; at-, con-temper ; mollify, lenil'y, dull, take oft' the edge, blunt, obtund^ sheathe, subdue, chasten ; sober -, tone -, smooth- down ; weaken &c. 1 60 ; lessen &c. (decrease) 2,6 \ check ; palliate. tranquillize, assuage, appease, swage, lull, soothe, compose, still, calm, cool, quiet, hush, quell, sober, pacify, tame, damp, lay, allay, rebate, slacken, smooth, alleviate, rock to sleep, deaden, smother ; throw -cold water on, - a wet blanket over ; slake ; curb &c. {restrain) 7 5 1 ; tame &c. isuhjiu/ate) 749 ; smooth over ; pour oil on the -waves, - troubled waters ; pour balm into, mettre de Veau dans son vin. go out like a lamb, ' roar you as gently as any sucking dove.' Adj. moderate ; lenient &c. 740 ; gentle, mild ; cool, sober, temperate, reasonable, measured ; tempered &c. v. ; calm, unruffled, quiet, tranquil, still ; slow, smooth, untroubled ; tame ; peace- ful, -able ; pacific, halcyon. un-exciting, -irritating; soft, bland, oily, demulcent, lenitive, anodyne ; hyp- notic &c. 683 : sedative. mild ^s mother's milk; milk and water. Adv. moderately kc. adj. ; gingerly ; piano ; under easy sail, at half speed j within -bounds, - compass ; in reason. Phr. est modus in I'ehus. ish ; impetuous ; rampant. turbulent ; disorderly ; blustering, rag- ing &c. V. ; troublous, riotous ; tumul- tu - ary, -ous ; obstreperous, uproarious ; extravagant, unmitigated ; ravening, tameless ; frenzied &c. {insane) 503 ; desperate &c. {rash) 863 ; infuriate, furious, outrageous, frantic, hysteric, in hysterics. fiery, flaming, scorching, hot, red-hot, ebullient. savage, fierce, ferocious, fierce as a tiger. excited &c. v. ; un-quelled, -quenched, -extinguished, -repressed, -bridled, -ruly ; headstrong ; un-governable, -appeasable, -mitigable ; un-, in-controllable ; insup-, irre-pressible. spasmodic, convulsive, explosive ; detonating &c. v. ; volcanic, me- teoric ; stormy &c. {ivincl) 349. Adv. violently &c. adj. ; amain ; by -storm, - force, - main force ; with might and main ; tooth and nail, vi et armis, at the point of the -sword, - bayonet ; at one fell swoop; with a high hand, through thick and thin ; in desperation, with a vengeance ; a -, ii toidQ- oiUrance ; head-long, -foremost. 52 t. VIII. s- CAUSATION. 175— 17S. 4°. IndiPvECt Power. 175a. Absence of Influence. — W. impotence &c. 158 ; inertness &c.. 172: irrelevancy &c. 10. V. have no -influence &c. 175. Adj. uninfluential ; unconduc-ing, -ive, -ting to ; powerless &c. 158 levant &c. 10. 175. Influence.— M". influence : importance &c. 642 ; weight, pressure, preponderance, prevalence, sway ; pre- domi-nance, -nancy ; ascendency ; domi- nance, reign ; authority &c. j;^^ ; capa- bility &c. {power) 157; interest. footing ; purchase &c. (support) 215; play, leverage, vantage ground. tower of strength, host in himself; protection, patronage, auspices. V. have -influence &c. n \ be -influential &c. adj. ; carry weight, weigh, tell ; have a hold upon, magnetize, bear upon, gain a footing, work upon ; take -root, - hold •, stiike root in. run through, perv^ade ; prevail, dominate, predominate ; out-, over- weigh ; over-ride, -bear ; gain head ; rage ; be -rife &c. adj. ; spread like wildfire ; have - , get -, gain- -the upper hand, - full play. be -recognized, - listened to ; make one's voice heard, gain a hear- ing ; play a -part, -leading part- in ; take the lead, pull the strings ; turn -, throw one's weight into- the scale ; set the fashion, lead the dance. Adj. influential; important &c. 642; weighty; prevailing &c. r. ; prevalent, rife, rampant, dominant, regnant, predominant, in the as- cendant, hegemonical. Adv. with telling efi'ect. 176. Tendency. — U. tendency; apt-ness, -itude ; proneness, pro- clivity, bent, turn, tone, bias, set, leaning to, predisposition, inclination, propensity, susceptibility; liability &c. 177; quality, nature, tempera- ment ; idio-crasy, -syncrasy ; cast, vein, grain ; humour, mood ; drift &c. {direction) 278 ; con-duciveness, -ducement ; applicability &c. {utility) 644; subservience &c. {instrume^itulity) 631. V. tend, contribute, conduce, lead, dispose, incline, verge, bend to, trend, aff'ect, carry, redound to, bid fair to, gravitate towards ; promote &c. {aid) 707. Adj. tending «S:c. v. ; conducive, worldng towards, in a fair way to, calculated to; liable &c. 177; subservient kc. {instmmental) 631; useful &c. 644 ; subsidiary &c. {Jielping) joy. Adv. for, whither. 177, Iiiability. — W. lia-bility, -bleness ; possibi'ity, contingency ; susceptl-vity, -bility. V. be -liable &c. adj. ; incur, lay oneself open to ; run the -, stand a- chance ; lie under, expose oneself to, open a door to. Adj. liable, subject ; in danger kc. 665 ; open -, exposed -, ob- noxious- to ; unexempt from ; apt to ; dependent on ; incident to. contingent, incidental, possible, on the cards, within range of, at the mercy of. 5°. Combinations of Causes. irro- 178. Concurrence. — w. concur- rence, cooperation, coagency ; union ; agreement »S:c. 23 ; consent &c. {assent) 488 ; alliance ; concert &c. 709 ; part- nership &c. 712. 17S. Counteraction.— XT. coun- teraction, opposition ; contrariety &c. 14; antagonism, polarity; clashing &c. V. ; collision, interference, resistance, renitence, friction ; reaction ; retroaction 53 178—179. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. 1. VIII. 5*^ V. con-cur, -duce, -spire, -tribute; agree, unite ; hang -, pull- together &c. {cooperate) yog ; help to &c. {aid) 707. keep pace with, run parallel ; go -, go along -, go hand in hand- with. Adj. concurring &c. v., concurrent, in alliance with, banded together, of one mind, at one with. Adv. with one consent. &c. (recoil) 277 ; counterblast ; neutrali- zation &c. (compensation) 30 ; vis inertics ; check &c. {hindran<;e) 706. voluntary -opposition &c. 708, - re- sistance &c. 719 ; repression &c. (re- straint) 751. V. counteract ; run counter, clash, cross ; interfere -, conflict- with ; jostle; go -, run -, beat -, militate- against ; stultify ; antagonize, oppose &c. 708 ; withstand &c. (resist) 719; hinder &c. '•706; repress &c. (restrain) 751 ; react &c. (recoil) 277. undo, neutralize ; counterpoise &c. (compensate^ 30 ; overpoise. Adj. counteracting &c. v. ; antagonistic, conflicting, retroactive, renitent, reactionary ; contrary &c. 14. Adv. although &c. 30 ; in spite of &c. 708 ; againat. 54 ILi. 1^ SPACE IN GENERAL. 180--182. CLASS II. Words relating to SPACE. Section I. SPACE IN GENERAL. 1°. Abstract Space. 180. [Indefinite space.] Space. — K". space, extension, extent, superticial extent, expanse, stretch ; room, scope, range, latitude, field, way, expansion, compass, sweep, play, swing, spread. spare -, elbow -, house- room ; stow- age, roomage, margin ; opening, sphere, arena. open -, free- space ; void &c. (absence) 187; waste; wild-, wilder-ness; moor, -land; campagna. abyss &c. {interval) 198; unlimited space ; infinity t&c. 105 ; world ; ubi- quity i&c. {presence) 186; length and breadth of the land. proportions, acreage ; acres, - roods and perches ; square -inches, - yards &c. Adj. spacious, roomy, extensive, ex- pansive, capacious, ample ; wide-spread, vast, world - wide, uncircumscribed ; boundless &c. (infinite) 105; shore-, track-, path-less. Adv. extensively &c. adj. ; wherever ; everywhere ; far and -near, - wide ; right and left, all over, all the world over ; throughout the -world, - length and breadth of the land ; under the sun, in evers^ quarter; in all -quarters, - lands ; here there and ever>-where ; from -pole to pole, - China to Peru, - Indus to the pole, - Dan to Beersheba, - end to end ; on the face of the earth, in the wide world, from all points of the com- pass; to the -four winds, - uttermost parts of the earth. 180a. Zneztension. — ir. in->. non-extension ; point ; atom &c. {small- ness) 32. 181. [Definite space.] Reg'lon. — W. region, sphere, ground, soil, area, realm, hemisphere, quarter, district, beat, orb, circuit, circle ; pale &c. (limit) 233 ; com-, de-partment ; domain, tract, territory, country, canton, county, shire, province, arronclissejuent, parish, town- ship, commune, ward, wapentake, hun- dred, riding, lathe, garth, soke, tithing,, bailiwick ; principality, duchy, kingdom. arena, precincts, e^icem^e, walk, march ^ patch, plot, enclosure, close, enclave,. field, court; street &c. (abode) 189. clime, climate, zone, meridian, lati- tude. Adj. territorial, local, parochial, pro- vincial. 182. [Limited space.] Place.— Iff. place, lieu, spot, point, dot ; niche, nook, &c. (corner) 244; hole; pigeon- hole &c. (receptacle) 191; compartment; premises, precinct, station ; abode &c. 189; locality &c. (situation) 183. ins and outs ; every hole and corner. Adv. somewhere, in some place, wherever it may be, here and there, in various places, j^assitn. 55 183-187. SPACE. ILL 2= 2°. Relative Space. 183. Situation.— W. situation, position, locality, locale, status, latitude and longitude ; footing, standing, standpoint, post ; stage ; aspect, attitude^ posture, jDose. place, site, station, seat, venue, wherealjouts ; hearings &c. {direction) 278 ; spot &c. {limited space) 182. Top-, Ge-, Ohor-ography ; map &c. 554. V. be -situated, - situate ; lie ; have its seat in. Adj. situ-ate, -ated ; local, topical, topographical &c. n. Adv. in -situ, - loco ; here and there, passim ; here-, there-, "where- ahouts ; in place, here, there. in -, amidst- such and such- -surroundings, - environs, - entourage. 184. Zaocation.— ir. loca-tion, -lization ; lodgment ; de-, re-position ; stow-, pack-age; collocation; packing, lading ; establishment, settlement, in- stallation ; fixation: insertion &c. 300. anchorage, mooring, encampment. plantation, colony, settlement, can- tonment ; colonization, domestication, situation; habitation &c. {abode) 189; cohabitation ; ' a local habitation and a name ' ; indenization, naturalization. V. place, situate, locate, localize, make a place for, put, lay, set, seat, station, lodge, quarter, post, install; house, stow ; establish, fix, pin, root : 183. displacement.— ir. dis- placement, elocation, transposition. ejectment &c. 297 ; exile &c. {banish- ment) 893 ; removal &c. {transference) 270. misplacement, dislocation kc 61 ; fish out of water, V. dis-place, -plant, -lodge, -estab- lish ; exile &c. {seclude) 893 ; ablegate, set aside, remove ; take -, cart- away ; take -, draft- off"; lade «fec. 184. unload, empty &c. {f^ject^ 297 ; trans- fer &c. 270 ; dispel. vacate ; depart &c. 293. Adj. displaced kc, v, ; un-placed, -housed, -harboured, -established, -set- tled ; house-, home-less ; out of -place, - a situation. misplaced, out of its element. graft ; plant &c. {insert) 300 ; shelve, pitch, camp, lay down, deposit, reposit ; cradle ; moor, tether, picket ; pack, tuck in ; em-, im-bed ; vest, invest in. billet on, quarter upon, saddle with ; load, lade, freight ; pocket, put up, bag. inli&hit Sec. {be present) 186; domesticate, colonize ; take -, strike- root ; anchor ; cast -, come to an- anchor ; sit -, settle- down ; settle ; take up one's -abode, - quarters ; plant -, establish -, locate- oneself ; squat, perch, hive, se nicher, bivouac, burrow, get a footing ; encamp, pitch one's tent ; put up -at, - one's horses at ; keep house. indenizen, naturalize, adopt. put back, replace &c. {restore) 660. Adj. placed &c. v. ; situate, posited, ensconced, imbedded, embo- Eomed, rooted ; domesticated ; vested in, unremoved. moored &c. v. ; at anchor. 3°. ExisTExcE IN Space. 186. Presence. — ir. presence ; occup-ancy, -ation ; attendance ; where- ness. permeation, pervasion; diffusion &c. {dispersion) 73. 187. [Nullibiety.*] Absence. — M". absence ; inexistence &c. 2 ; non- residence, absenteeism ; non-attendance, alibi. emptiness &c. adj.; void, vacuum; 56 * Bishop Wilkins. II. I. 3" SPACE IN GENERAL. 186—189. ubi-ety, -quity, -quitariness ; omni- presence. bystander &c. (s^yectator) 444. V. exist in space, be -present &c. adj. ; assister ; make one -of, - at ; look on, attend, remain ; find -, present- oueself ; show one's face ; fall in the way of, occur in a place ; lie, stand ; occupy. people ; inhabit, dwell, reside, stay, sojourn, live, abide, lodge, nestle, roost, perch ; take up one's abode &c. {he located) 184; tenant. resort to, frequent, haunt ; revisit. fill, pervade, permeate ; be -diffused, - disseminated- through; over-spread, -run ; run through ; meet one at every turn. Adj. present ; occupying, inhabiting &c. V. ; moored &c. 184 ; resi-ant, -dent, -dentiary ; domiciled. ubiquit-ous, -ary •, omnipresent. peopled, populous, full of people, in- habited. Adv. here, there, where, everywhere, aboard, on board, at home, afield ; on the spot ; here there and everywhere «&c. {sjjace) 180; in presence of, before ; under the -eyes, - nose- of; in the face of; in py^oprid 2>ersond. vac-uity, -ancy; tabula rasa-, exemp- tion; hiatus &c, {intervaT) 198. truant, absentee. nobody; nobody -present, - on earth ; not a soul ; dme qui vive. V. be -absent &c. adj. ; keep -away, - out of the way ; play truant, absent oneself, stay away. withdraw, make oneself scarce, va- cate ; go away &c. 293. Adj. absent, not present, away, non- resident, gone, from home ; missing ; lost ; wanting ; omitted ; nowhere to be found; inexistent &c. 2. empty, void ; vac-ant, -uous ; un- tenanted, -occupied, -inhabited ; tenant- less ; desert, -ed ; devoid ; un-, unin- habitable. exempt from, not having. Adv. without, minus, nowhere ; else- where ; neither here nor there ; in de- fault of ; sans ; behind one's back. Phr. the bird has flown, non est inventus. 189 . [Place of habitation, or resort.] Abode. — w. abode, dwelling, lodging, domicile, residence, address, habitation, where one's lot is cast, local habitation, berth, seat, lap, sojourn, housing, quar- ters, head-quarters, resiance, tabernacle, throne, ark. home, fatherland, country; home- stead, -stall ; fireside ; hearth, - stone ; household gods, lai-es et j^enates, roof, household, housing, dulce domum, pa- ternal domicile ; native -soil, - land. nest, nidus, snuggery ; arbour, bower, &c. 191 ; lair, eyry, den, cave, hole, hiding-place, cell, sanctum sanctorum, aerie, rookery, hive ; habitat, haunt, covert, resort, retreat, perch, roost; nidification. bivouac, camp, encampment, canton- ment, castrametation ; barrack, case- mate, casern. tent &c. {covering) 223 ; building &c. {construction) l6l; chamber &c. (re- ceptacle) 191. tenement, messuage, farm, farm-house, grange, hacienda. cot, cabin, hut, chalet, croft, shed, booth, stall, hovel, bothy, shanty, 57 188. Inhabitant. — ir. inhabi- tant ; resident, -iary ; dweller, in- dweller ; occup-ier, -ant ; householder, lodger, inmate, tenant, incumbent, so- journer, locum tenens, commorant; settler, squatter, backwoodsman, colo- nist ; islander ; denizen, citizen ; burgher, oppidan, cockney, cit, townsman, bur- gess; villager; cot-tager, -tier, -ter ; com- patriot. native, indigene, aborigines, autoch- thones ; Englishman, John Bull ; new comer &c. {stranger) S7' garrison, crew ; population ; people &c. {manldnd) 372 ; colony, settlement ; household. V. inhabit &c. {be present) 186; in- denizen &c. {locate oneself) 184. Adj. indigenous; nat-ive, -al; autoch- thonous; British, English; domestic; domicil-iated, -ed ; naturalized, ver- nacular, domesticated ; domiciliary. in the occupation of; garrisoned -, occupied- by. 189—191. SPACE. II. I. .3^ wigwam ; pen &c. (inclosure) 232 ; barn, bawn ; kennel, sty, dog-hole, cote, coop, hutcli, byre; cow-house, -shed ; stable, dove-cote, shippen. house, mansion, place, villa, cottage, box, lodge, hermitage, ?-w8 in urhe, folly, rotunda, tower, chateau, castle, pavilion, hotel, court, manor-house, capital messuage, hall, palace ; kiosk, bungalow ; temple &c. 1000. hamlet, village, thorp, dorp, ham, kraal; borough, burgh, town, city, capital, metropolis ; suburb ; province, country. street, place, terrace, parade, esplanade, embankment, road, row^ lane, alley, court, quadrangle, quad, wynd, close, yard, passage, rents, buildings, mews. square, polygon, circus, crescent, mall, piazza, arcade, colonnade, peristyle, cloister ; gardens, grove, residences ; block of buildings, market-place, place. anchorage, roadstead, roads ; dock, basin, wharf, quay, port, harbour. quarter, parish &c. {region) 181. assembly-room, meeting-house, pump-room, spa, watering-place ; club, inn; hostel, -ry; hotel, tavern, caravansary, khan, hospice; public-, ale-, pot-, mug-house ; gin-palace ; coffee-, eating-house? canteen, restaurant, buffet, cafe, estaminet, posada ; bar. garden, park, pleasure-ground, j^lnisance, demesne. V, take up one's abode &c. {locate oneself) 1 84 ; inhabit tfec. (he present) 186. Adj. urban, metropolitan; suburban; provincial, rural, rustic; domestic ; cosmopolitan ; palatial. 190. [Things contained.] Contents. — Mr. contents ; cargo, lading, freight, shipment, load, bale, burden ; cart-, ship-load ; cup -, basket -, &c. {receptacle) 191- of ; inside &c. 221 ; stuffing, ullage. V. load, lade, ship, charge, fill, stuff. 191. Receptacle. — ur. receptacle ; inclosure &c. 232 ; recipient, receiver, reservatory. compartment ; cell, -ule ; follicle ; hole, corner, niche, recess, nook ; crypt, stall, pigeon-hole, cove, oriel; cave &c. {concavity) 252. capsule, vesicle, cyst, pod, calyx, cancelli, utricle, bladder. stomach, paunch, venter, ventricle, crop, craw, maw, gizzard, bread- basket ; mouth. pocket, pouch, fob, sheath, scabbard, socket, bag, sac, sack, saccule, wallet, scrip, poke, knit, Imapsack, haversack, sachel, satchel, reticule, budget, net ; portfolio ; quiver &c. (magazine) 636. chest, box, coffer, caddy, case, casket, pyx, pix, caisson, desk, hureauy reliquary ; trunk, portmanteau, band-box, valise ; boot, imperial ; vache ; cage, manger, rack. vessel, vase, bushel, barrel; canister, jar; pottle, basket, pannier, buck-basket, hopper, maund, creel, cran, crate, cradle, bassinet, wisket, whisket, corbeille, hamper, dosser, dorser, tray, hod, scuttle, utensil. [For liquids] cistern «&:c. (store) 636; vat, caldron, ban-el, cask, puncheon, keg, rundlet, tun, butt, cag, firkin, kilderkin, carboy, amphora, bottle, jar, decanter, ewer, cruise, caraffe, crock, kit, canteen, flagon ; demijohn; flask, -et; stoup, noggin, vial, phial, cruet, caster; urn, cpergne, salver, patella, tazza, patera ; pig-, big-gin ; tyg, nipperMn, pocket-pistol ; tub, bucket, pail skeel", pot, tankard, jug, pitcher, mug, pipkin ; gal-, gall-ipot ; matrass, receiver, retort, alembic, bolthead, capsule, can, kettle ; bowl, basin, jorum, punch-bowl, cup, goblet, chalice, tumbler, glass, rummer, horn, saucepan, skillet, posnet, tureen. plate, platter, dish, trencher, calabash, porringer, potager, saucer, pan, crucible. 58 tt n. 1° SPACE IN GENERAL.— DIMENSIONS. 191—193. shovel, trowel, spoon, spatula, ladle ; watch-glass, thimble. closet, commode, cupboard, cellaret, chifonnih-e, locker, biu, bunker, buffet, press, safe, sideboard, drawer, chest of drawers, till, scrutoire, secretaire, davenport, book-case, cabinet, canterbury. chamber, apartment, room, cabin ; office, court, hall, atrium ; suite of rooms, flat, story ; saloon, salon, parlour ; presence-chamber ; sitting-, drawing-, reception-, state-room ; gallery, cabinet, closet ; pew, box ; boudoir ; adytum, sanctum ; bed-room, dormitory ; refectory, dining-room, salle-a-manger ; nursery, school-room; library, study j studio] billiard-, bath-, smoMng-room ; den. attic, loft, garret, cockloft, clerestory; cellar, vault, hold, coclq)it; entre-sol ; mezzanine floor ; ground-floor, rez-de-chaussee ; basement, kitchen, pantry, scullery, offices ; store-room &c. (dejiositorij) 636 ; lumber-room ; dairy, laundry, coach-house ; out-, pent-house ; lean-to. portico, porch, verandah, lobby, court, hall, vestibule, corridor, passage ; ante-room, -chamber. conservator}', green-house, bower, arbour, summer-house, alcove, grotto, hermitage. lodging &c. (abode) 1 89 ; bed &c. (support) 215; carriage &c. (vehicle)2'/2. Adj. capsular ; saccu-lar, -lated ; recipient ; ventricular, cystic, vas- cular, vesicular, cellular, camerated, locular, multilocular, polygastric ; marsupial ; siliqu-ose, -ous. Sectio]^ II. DIMENSIONS. 1°. Gexeral 192. Size. — W. size, magnitude, | dimension, bulk, volume ; largeness &c. ; adj. ; greatness &c. (of quantity) 3 1 ; expanse &c. (space) 180; amplitude, mass; proportions. capacity ; ton-, tun-nage ; calibre, scantling. turgidity &c. (expansion) 194; cor- | pulence, obesity ; plumpness, &c. adj. ; ; embonpoint, corporation, flesh and blood, \ lustibood. j hugeness kc. adj. ; enormity, immen- 1 sity, monstrosity. 1 giant, Brobdingnagian, Antaeus, Go- j liath, Gog and Magog, Gargantua, mon- ster, mammoth, Cyclops ; whale, por- \ poise, behemoth, leviathan, elephant, hip- | popotamus; colossus; tun, lump, bulk, i block, loaf, mass, clod, nugget, bushel, I thumper, whopper, spanker, strapper; i Triton among the minnows. | mountain, mound ; heap «S:c. (assem- j blaye) 72. | largest portion &c. 50 ; full-, life- \ size. I V. be- large &c. adj. ; become -large &c. (expand) 194. Adj. large, big; great &c. (in quan- | ^%) 31 > considerable, bulky, volu- '■ DiMEXSIONS. 193. Ziittleness. — M-. littleness &c. adj.:, smallness &c. (of quantify) 32; exiguity, inextension ; parvi-tude, -ty ; duodecimo; Elzevir edition, epitome, microcosm ; rudiment ; vanishing point ; thinness &c. 203. dwarf, pigmy, Liliputian, chit, pig- widgeon, urchin, elf; doll, puppet; Tom Thumb, Hop 0' my thumb ; man-, mann-ikin ; homunculus, dapperling, cock- sparrow. animalcule, monad, mite, insect, em- met, fly, midge, gnat, shrimp, minnow, worm, maggot, entozoon ; bacteria ; in- fusoria; grub; tit, tomtit, runt, mouse, small fry ; millet-, mustard-seed ; barley- corn ; pebble, grain of sand ; mole-hill, button, bubble. point ; atom &c. (small quantity) 32 : fragment &c. (smaU pai't) 51 ; powder &c. 330 ; point of a pin, mathematical point ; minutice &c. (unimportance) 643. micro-graphy, -meter, -scope; vernier; scale. V, be -little &c. adj.] lie in a nut- shell ; become small &c. (decrease) 36, (contract?) 195. Adj. little ; small kc. (in quantity) 32 ; minute, diminutive, microscopic ; 59 192—195, SPACE. II. II. I'. minous, ample, massive, massy ; capa- cious, comprehensive ; spacious Sec. 1 80 ; mighty, towering, fine, magniticent. corpulent, stout, fat, plump, squab, full, lusty, strapping, bouncing ; portly, burly, well-fed, full-grown ; stalwart, brawny, fleshy ; goodly ; in good -case, -condition; in condition; chopping, jolly ; *;hub-, chubby-faced. lubberly, bulky, unwieldy, lumpish, gaunt, spanking, whacking, whopping, thumping, thundering, hulking ; over- grown; puify &c. {stvollen) 194. huge, immense, enormous, mighty; vast, -y ; amplitudinous, stupendous ; monst-er,-rous; gigantic; giant, -like; co- lossal, Cyclopean, Brobdingnagian, Gar- gantuan; infinite &c. 105. large as life; plump as a -dumpling, - partridge ; fat as -a pig, - a quail, - butter, - brawn, - bacon. inconsiderable &c. (unimpo)'tant) 643 ; exiguous, puny, tiny, wee, petty, min- ikin, miniature, pigmy, elfin ; under- sized ; dwarf, -ed, -ish ; spare, stunted, limited ; cramp, -ed ; pollard, Liliputian, dapper, pocket ; port-ative, -able ; duo- decimo ; dumpy, squat; short &c. 20i. impalpable, intangible, evanescent, imperceptible, invisible, inappreciable, infinitesimal, homoeopathic ; atomic, cor- puscular, molecular ; rudiraent-ary, -al ; embryonic. weazen, scant, scraggy, scrubby ; thin &c. (najToiv) 203 ; granular &c. (pow- dery) 330 ; shrunk &c. 195. Adv. in a -small compass,- nutshell j on a small scale. 194. Expansion. — xr. expansion ; increase &c. 35 -of size ; enlargement, extension, augmentation ; ampli-fication, -ation; aggrandizement, spread, incre- ment, growth, development, pullulation, swell, dilatation, rarefaction; turg-es- cence, -idness, -idity ; dispansion; obesity &c. (size) 192 ; dropsy, tumefaction, in- tumescence, swelling, tumour, diastole, distension ; pufl'-ing, -iness ; inflation ; pandiculation. dilatability, expansibility. germination, growth, upgrowth ; ac- cretion &c. 35. over-growth, -distension ; hypertrophy, tympany. bulb &c. (convexity) 250; plumper; superiority of size. V. become -larger &c. (large &c. 1 92) ; expand, widen, enlarge, extend, grow, increase, incrassate, swell, gather; fill out ; deploy, take open order, dilate, stretch, spread ; mantle, wax ; grow -, spring- up ; bud, bourgeon, shoot, sprout, germinate, put forth, vegetate, pullulate, open, burst forth ; gain -, gather- flesh ; outgrow ; spread like wildfire, overrun. be larger than; surpass &c. (be su- perior) 33. render -larger &c. (large &c. 192); expand, spread, extend, aggrandize, distend, develop, amplify, spread out, widen, magnify, rarefy, inflate, puft", blow up, stuff", pad, cram ; exaggerate ; fatten. 60 195. Contraction. — w. contrac- tion, reduction, diminution ; decrease &c. 2^ of size ; defalcation, decrement ; lessening, shrinking, &c. y. ; collapse, emaciation, attenuation, tabefaction, con- sumption, marasmus, atrophy ; systole, neck, hour-glass. condensation, compression, compact- ness ; compendium &c. 596 ; squeezing &c. V. ; strangulation ; corrugation ; as- tringency ; astringents, sclerotics ; con- tractility, compressibility ; coarctation. inferiority in size. V. become -small, - smaller ; lessen, decrease &c. 36 ; grow less, dwindle, shrink, contract, narrow, shrivel, col- lapse, wither, lose flesh, wizen, fall away, waste, wane, ebb ; decay &c. (deterio- rate) 659. be smaller than, fall short of; not come up to &c. (he inferioi') 34. render smaller, lessen, diminish, con- tract, draw in, narrow, coarctate ; con- strict, constringe ; condense, compress, squeeze, corrugate, crush, crumple up, warp, purse up, pack, stow; pinch, tighten, strangle ; cramp ; dwarf, be- dwarf ; shorten &c. 201 ; circumscribe &c. 229; restrain &c. 751. pare, reduce, attenuate, rub down, scrape, file, grind, chip, shave, shear. Adj. contracting &c. v.) astringent; shrunk, contracted &c. v. ; strangulated, tabid, wizened, stunted ; waning «S:c. v. ; neap; compact. II. II. 1°. DIMENSIONS. 19€— 199. unexpanded &c. (expand &c. 194); contractile; compressible; smaller &c. (small, &c. 193). Adj. expanded &c. v.; larger &c. (large «S:c. 192) ; swollen ; expansive ; wide-open, -spread ; flabelliform ; over- grown, exaggerated, bloated, fat, turgid, tumid, bypertropHed, dropsical ; pot-, swag-bellied ; cedematous, obese, puffy, pursy, blowzy, bigswoln, distended; patulous; bulbous &c. {convex) 250; full-blown, -grown, -formed; big &c. 192. 196. Distance. — ir. distance; space Szc. 180 ; remoteness, famess ; far- 197. Nearness.— xr. nearness &c. adj. ; proximity, propinquity ; vicin-it}-. cry to ; longinquity, elongation ; offing, -age ; neighbourhood, adjacency ; con- backgroimd ; removedness ; parallax ; ' * " ' reach, span, stride. out-post, -skirt ; horizon ; aphelion ; foreign parts, ultima Thule, ne plus ultra, antipodes ; long range, giant's stride. dispersion &c. y^. V. be -distant &c. adj. ; extend -, stretch -, reach -, spread -, go -, get -, stretch away- to ; range. remain at a distance ; keep -, stand- -away, - off, - aloof, - clear of. Adj. distant; far -off, - away; re- mote, telescopic, distal, wide of; stretch- ing to &c. V. ; yon, -der ; ulterior ; trans-marine, -pontine, -atlantic, -alpine ; tramontane ; ultra-montane, -mmidane ; hyperborean, antipodean; inaccessible, out of the way ; unapproach-ed, -able ; incontiguous. Adv. far -oiF, - away; afar, -off; off; away ; a -long, - great, - good- way off; wide away, aloof; wide -, clear- of ; out of -the way, - reach ; a- broad, yonder, farther, further, beyond ; outre mer, over the border, far and wide, over the hills and far away ; from pole to pole &c. (ove?- great space) 180; to the -uttermost parts,- ends- of the earth ; out of hearing, nobody knows where, a parte de vue, out of the sphere of, wide of the mark ; a far cry to. apart, asunder ; wide -apart, - asun- der ; longo intervallo ; at arm's length. tiguity &c. 199. short -distance, - step, - cut ; ear- shot, close quarters, stone's throw ; bow -, gun -, pistol- shot; hair's breadth, span. purlieus, neighbourhood, vicinage, en- vtrons, alentours, suburbs, confines, baiv- lieue, borderland ; whereabouts. bystander ; neighbour, borderer. approach &c. 286; convergence &c. 290 ; perihelion. V. be -near &:c. adj.] adjoin, hang about, trench on ; border -, verge- upon ; stand by, approximate, tread on the heek of, cling to, clasp, hug ; huddle ; hang upon the skirts of, hover over ; burn. bring -, draw- -near &c. 286 ; converge ifcc. 290 ; crowd &c. 72 ; place -side by side SiC. adv. Adj. near, nigh; close -, near- at hand ; close, neighbouring ; adjacent, adjoining; proxim-ate, -al; at hand, handy ; near the mark, near run ; home, intimate. Adv. near, nigh; hard -, fast- by; close -to, - upon; at the point of; next door to ; within -reach, - call, - hearing, - earshot ; within an ace of; but a step, not far from, at no great distance ; on the -verge, - brink, - skirts- of ; in the -environs &c. n. ; at one's -door, - feet, - elbow, - finger's end, - side ; on the tip of one's tongue ; under one's nose j within a -stone's throw &c. n. ; in -sight, - presence- of ; at close quarters ; cheek by -jole, - jowl ; beside, alongside, side by side, tete-a-tete] in juxtaposition &c. {touching) 199; yard-arm to yard-arm ; at the heels of ; on the confines of, at the threshold, bor- 1 dering upon, verging to ; in the way. about ; here-, there-abouts ; roughly, in round numbers ; approxim- ately, -atively ; as good as, well nigh. 198. Interval. — N". mterval, in- ^ 199. Contigrulty.— u. contigu- terspace ; separation &c. 44; break, gap, ^ ity, contact, proximity, apposition, jux- 61 198^201. SPACE. II. II. j^ opening ; hole &c. 260 ; chasm, hiatus, caesura ; inter-ruption, -regnuni ; inter- stice, lacuna, cleft, mesh, crevice, chink, rime, creek, cranny, crack, chap, slit, fissure, scissure, rift, flaw, breach, rent, gash, cut, leak, dike, ha-ha. gorge, defile, ravine, canon, crevasse, ahyss, abysm ; gulf ; inlet, frith, strait, gully; pass; furrovv^ &c. 259; yawning gulf ; hiatus -maxime, - valde- dejlendus ; parenthesis &c. (interjacence?) 228 ; void &c. {absence) 1 87 ; incompleteness &c. 53. V. gape &c. {open) 260. Adj. with an interval, far between. Adv. at intervals &c. {discontinuously) 70 ; longo intervallo. ' taposition, touching &c. v. ; abutment, osculation ; meeting, appulse, rencontre, rencounter, syzygy, coincidence, coexist- ence ; adhesion &c. 46. border-land ; frontier &c. {limit) 233 ; tangent. V, be -contiguous &c. adj. ; join, ad- join, abut on, march with ; graze, touch, meet, osculate, come in contact, coincide; coexist ; adhere &c. 46. Adj. contiguous; touching &c. v; in -contact &c. n. ; conterminous, end to end, oscuiatory; pertingent; tangential. hand to hand ; close to &c. {near) 197; with no -interval &c. 198. 2°. LiNEAE DiMElfSIONS. 200. Zieng-th.— XT. length, longi- tude, span. line, bar, rule, stripe, streak, spoke, radius. lengthening &c. v.', pro-longation,-duc- tion, -traction ; ten-sion, -sure ; exten- sion. [Measures of length] line, nail, inch, hand, palm, foot, cubit, yard, ell, fathom, rood, pole, furlong, mile, league ; chain. pedometer, perambulator; scale &c. {measurement) 466. V. be -long &c. adj. ; stretch out, sprawl ; extend -, reach -, stretch- to ; make a long arm, ^ drag its slow length along.' render -long &c. adj. ; lengthen, ex- tend, elongate ; stretch ; pro-long, -duce, -tract ; let -, draw -, spin- out ; drawl. enfilade, look along, view in perspec- tive. Adj. long, -some; lengthy, wire- drawn, outstretched ; lengthened &c. v. ; sesquipedalian &c. (words) S77', inter- minable, no end of. line-ar, -al ; longitudinal, oblong. as long as -my arm, - to-day and to- morrow ; unshortened &c. (shorten &c. 201). Adv. lengthwise, at length, longitu- ^ dmally, endlong, along ; tandem ; in a line »S:c. {continuously) 69 ; in perspective. from -end to end, - stem to stern, - head to foot, - the crown of the head to the sole of the foot, - top to toe ; fore and aft. 62 201. Shortness. — xr. shortness &c. adj. ; brevity; littleness &c. 193; a span. shortening &c. v. ; abbrevia-tion, -ture ; abridgment, concision, retrench- ment, curtailment, decurtation; reduc- tion &c. {conti-action) 195 ; epitome &c. {compendium) 596. elision, ellipsis; conciseness »S:c. {in style) S7^- V. be -short &c. adj. ; render -short &c. adj. ; shorten, curtail, abridge, ab- breviate, take in, reduce ; compress &c. {contract) 195 ; epitomize &e. 596. retrench, cut short, obtruncate; scrimp, cut, chop up, hack, hew ; cut -, pare- down ; clip, dock, lop, prune, shear, shave, mow, reap, crop ; snub ; truncate, pollard, stunt, nip, check the growth of; [in drawing] foreshorten. Adj. short, brief, curt; compendious, compact ; stubby, scrimp ; shorn, stub- bed ; stimipy, thickset, pug ; squab, -by ; squat, dumpy; little &;c. 193 ; curtailed of its fair proportions ; short by ; ob- late; concise &c. 572; summary. Adv. shortly &c. adj-, in short &c, {concisely) 572. II. II. 2°. DIMENSIONS. 202—207. 202. Breadth. Thickness. — jr. "breadth, widtli, latitude, amplitude ; diameter, bore, calibre, radius; super- ficial extent &c, {space) i8o. thickness, crassitude ; corpulence &c. (size) 192; dilatation «S:c. (expansion) 194. V. be -broad &c. adj ; become -, ren- der- -broad &c. adj.) expand &c. 194-, thicken, widen. Adj. broad, wide, ample, extended ; discous ; fan-like ; out-spread, -stretched ; wide as a church-door. thick, dumpy, squab, squat, thickset ; thick as a rope. 203. Narrowness. Thinness. — W. narrowness &c. adj. ; closeness, exility; exiguity, &c. {little) 193. line ; hair's -, finger's- breadth ; strip, streak, yein. thinness &c. adj. ; tenuity ; emacia- tion, macilency, mareor. shaving, slip &c. {fdammt) 205 ; threadpaper, skeleton, shadow, anato- my, spindle-shanls, lantern jaws, mere skin and bone. middle constriction, stricture, neck, waist, isthmus, wasp, hour-glass ; ridge, ghaut, pass; ravine &c, 198. narrowing, coarctation, angustation, tapering; contraction &c. 195. be -narrow &c. adj. ; narrow, ta- V. per, contract, &c. 195 ; render -narrow &c. adj. Adj. narrow, close ; slender, thin, fine ; thread-like &c. {JUament) 205 ; finespun, taper, slim, slight-made ; scant, -y ; spare, delicate, incapacious; contracted &c. 195; unexpanded &C. (expand &c. 194); slender as a thread. emaciated, lean, meagre, gaunt, macilent ; lank, -y ; weedy, skinny ; starv-ed, -eling ; attenuated, shrivelled, extenuated, tabid, marcid, bare-bone, raw-boned ; herring-gutted ; worn to a shadow, lean as a rake ; thin as a -lath, - whipping post, - wafer ; hatchet-faced ; lan- tern-jawed. 204. Zsayer. — w. layer, stratum, course, bed, zone, substratum, floor, flag, stage, story, tier, slab, escarpment . table, tablet ; board, plank ; trencher, platter. plate ; lam-ina, -ella ; sheet, flake, foil, wafer, scale, coat, peel, pellicle, membrane, film, leaf, slice, shive, cut, rasher, shaving, integument &c. {cover- ing) 223. stratification, scaliness, nest of boxes, coats of an onion. V. slice, shave, pare, peel; plate, coat, veneer ; cover &c. 223. Adj. lamell-ar, -ated, -iform ; lamin- ated, -iferous ; micaceous ; schist-ose, -ous ; scaly, filmy, membranous, flaky, squamous; folia-ted, -ceous ; strati-fied, -form ; tabular, discoid. 206. Keigrht.— w. height, alti- tude, elevation ; eminence, pitch ; lofti- ness i&c. adj. ; sublimity. tallness &c. adj. ; stature, procerity ; prominence &c. 250. colossus &c. {size) 192; giant, grena- dier, giraffe. mount, -ain ; hill, monticle, fell, knap ; cape; head-, fore-land; promontory; 205. Filament. — w. filament, line; fibre, fibril; funicle, vein, hair, capillament, cilium, tendril, gossamer ; hair-stroke. wire, string, thread, packthread, cot- ton, sewing-silk, twine, twist, whipcord, tape, ribbon, cord, rope, yarn, hemp, oakum, jute. strip, shred, slip, spill, list, band, ^Wet, fascia, ribbon, riband, roU, lath, splinter, shiver, shaving. beard &c. {roughness) 256; ramifica- tion. Adj . fil-amentous, -aceous, -iform ; fibr-ous, -illous; thread-like, wiry, stringy, ropy; capill-ary, -iform; fu- nicular, wire-drawn ; anguilliform ; fla- gelliform; hairy &c. {rough) 256. 207. liowness. — M". lowness Sec. adj. ; debasement, depression ; prostra- tion &c. {horizontal) 213; depression &c. {concave) 252. molehill; lowlands; basement-, ground- floor ; rez de chaussee ; hold ; feet, heels. low water; low -, ebb spring- tide. V. be -low &c. neap ; lie -low, - flat ; 63 206—211. SPACE. II. II. 2\ underlie; crouch, sloucli, wallow, gro- vel ; lower &c. (depress) 308. Adj. low, neap, debased; nether, -most ; flat, level with the ground ; lying low &c. v. ; crouched, subjacent, squat, prostrate &c. {horizontal) 213. Adv. under ; be-, under-neath ; be- low ; down, -wards ; adown, at the foot of; under-foot, -ground ; down -, be- low- stairs ; at a low ebb ; below par. ridge, hog's baclf, dune ; rising -, van- tage- ground ; down ; moor, -land ; Alp ; up-, high-lands ; heights &c. {summit), 210; knoll, hummock, hillock, barrow, mound, mole ; steeps, bluff", cliff", craig, tor, peak, pike, clough ; escarpment, edge, ledge, brae ; dizzy height. tower, pillar, column, obelisk, monu- ment, steeple, spire, minaret, cam23anile, turret, dome, cupola. pole, pikestaff", maypole, flagstaff; top -, topgallant- mast. ceihng &cc. {covering) 223. high water ; high -, flood -, spring- tide. altimetry &c. {angle) 244. V. be -high &c. adj. ; tower, soar, command ; hover ; cap, culmi- nate ; overhang, hang over, impend, beetle ; bestride, ride, mount ; perch, surmount ; cover &c. 223 ; overtop &c. {be superior) 2,2, ; stand on tiptoe. become -high &c. adj. ; grow, - higher, - taller ; upgrow ; rise kc. {ascend) 305. render -high &c. adj. ; heighten &c. {elevate) 307. Adj. high, elevated, eminent, exalted, lofty; tall; gigantic &c. {big) 192 ; Patagonian ; towering, beetling, soaring, hanging [gardens'] ; elevated &c. 307 ; upper ; highest &c. {topmost) 210. up-, moor-land ; hilly, mountainous, alpine, sub-alpine, heaven- kissing ; cloud-topt, -capt, -touching ; aerial. overhanging &c. v. ; incumbent, overlying ; super-incumbent, -na- tant, -imposed ; prominent &c. 250. tall as a -maypole, - poplar, - steeple ; lanky &c. {thin) 203. Adv. on high, high up, aloft, up, above, aloof, overhead ; up -, above- stairs ; in the clouds ; on -tiptoe, - stilts, - the shoulders of ; over head and ears ; breast high. over, upwards ; from top to bottom &c, {completely) 52. Deptb. — M". depth ; deepness ; profundity, depression &c. 209. Shallowness. — rr. shal- lowness &c. adj. ; shoals ; mere scratch. Adj. shallow, superficial; skin -, ankle -, knee- deep : just enough to wet one's feet ; shoal, -y. &c. 208, &c. adj {concavity) 252. hollow, pit, shaft, well, crater; gulf &c. 198; bowels of the earth, bottom- less pit, hell. soundings, depth of water, water, draught, submersion ; plummet, sound, probe ; sounding-rod, - line ; lead. V. be -deep &c. adj. ; render -deep (fee. adj. ; deepen. plunge &c. 310; sound, heave the lead, take soundings; di {excavate) 252. Adj. deep, -seated; profound, sunk, buried ; submerged &c. 310; sub-aqueous, -marine, -terranean, -terrene ; underground. bottom-, sound-, fathom-less ; unfathom-ed, -able ; abysmal ; deep as a well. knee-, ankle-deep. Adv. beyond -, out of- one's depth ; 210. Suxuxnit. — xr. summit, -y; top, vertex, apex, zenith, pinnacle, acme, culmination, meridian, utmost height, ne 64 over head and ears. 211. Base. — w. base,-ment; plinth, dado, wainscot ; foundation &c. {supjyoj't) 215 ; substructure, substratum, ground, n. 11. 2° DIMENSIONS. 2X0—215. j)lus ultra, height, pitch, maximum, | earth, pavement, floor, pavinof, flag, car- climax; culminating -, crowning -, turn- ' pet, ground-floor, deck ; footing, ground- ing- point; turn of the tide, fountain | work, basis; hold, bilge, head ; water -shed, -parting ; sky, pole. bottom, nadir, foot, sole, toe, hoof, tip, -top ; crest, crow's nest, cap, truck, keel, root, peak, nib; end &c. 67: crown, brow; Adj. bottom; under-, nether-most; head, nob, noddle, pate. | fundamental ; founded -, based -, ground- high places, heights. j ed -, built- on. top-gallant mast, sky scraper ; quar- j ter-, hurricane- deck. I architrave, frieze, cornice, coping- I stone, zoophorus, capital, sconce, pediment, entablature; tympanum; ceilinsr &c. {coverwf/) 223. attic, loft, garret, house-top, upper story. V. culminate, crown, top ; overtop &c. (be superior to) 2>3- Adj. highest &c. (high kc. 206) ; top: top-, upper-most ; tip-top ; culminating &:c. v. ; meridi-an, -onal ; capital, head, polar, supreme, supernal, top-gallant. Adv. a-top, at the top of the tree. 212. VertJcality.— Br. vertical- ' 213. Horizontality.— ar. hori-' ity; erectness&c.cff/)'; perpendicularity; zontality; flatness; level, plane ; stratum right angle, normal ; azimuth circle. { &c, 204 ; dead -level, - flat ; level plane. square, plumb- wall, precipice, clifl'. elevation, erection line, plummet. V. be -vertical &c, adj. ; stand -up, - on end, - erect, - upright ; stick -, cock- up. render -vertical &:c. adj. ; set -, stick -, raise -, cock- up ; erect, rear, raise on its legs. Adj. vertical, upright, erect, perpen- dicular, normal, straight, bolt upright ; rampant ; standing up &c. v. ; rectangular, orthogonal. Adv. vertically &c. adj. ; up, on end ; up -, right- on end ; ii plomh, endwise ; on one's legs ; at right angles. recumbency ; lying down &c. v. clination, decum'bence ; bency ; proneness &c. adj. ; accubatiou, supination, resupination, prostration ; azimuth. plain, floor, platform, bowling-green ; cricket-ground ; croquet -ground, - lawn ; billiard table"; terrace, estrade, esplanade, parterre, table-land, ^j/ff^eai^, ledge. V. be -horizontal &c. adj. ; lie, recline, couch ; lie -dowTi, - flat, - prostrate ; sprawl, loll; sit down. render -horizontal &c. adj. ; lay, - down, - out ; level, flatten ; prostrate, knock down, floor, fell. Adj. horizontal, level, even, plane; flat &c. 251 ; flat as a -billiard table, - bowling green ; alluvial ; calm, - as a^ mill-pond ; smooth, - as glass. re-, de-, pro-, ac-cumbent ; lying &c. v. ; prone, supine, couchant, jacent. prostrate. Adv. horizontally ends. &c. adj. ; on -one's back, - all fours, - its beam 214. Pendency. — wr. pend-, de- pend-ency ; suspension, hanging &c. v. ped-icel, -icle, -uncle ; tail, train, flap, skirt, pig-tail, pendulum. peg, knob, button, hook, nail, stud, ring, staple, tenterhook ; fastening &c. 45 ; spar, horse. V. be -pendent &c. adj. ; hang, depend, swing, dangle ; swag ; daggle, flap, trail, flow. 65 215. Support. — W. support, ground, foundation, base, basis : teri'a Jirma ; bearing, fulcrum, point d'aj^jid, TToi) crrw, purchase, footing, hold, locus standi ; landing, - stage, - place ; stage, platform ; block ; rest, resting-place ; ground-work, substratum, sustentation, subvention ; floor &c. {basement) 21 1. supporter ; aid &c. 707 ; prop, stand, anvil, f ulciment ; stay, shore, skid, lib. 214-^217. SPACE. II. n. 2°. suspend, liang, sling, hook up, hitch, fasten to, append. Adj. pend-ent, -ulous ; pensile; hang- ing &c. V. ; dependent ; suspended &c. V. ; loose, flowing. having a -peduncle &c. 7i. ; peduncu- late, tailed, caudate. truss, handage ; sleeper ; stirrup, stilts, shoe, sole, heel, splint, lap; bar, rod, boom, sprit, outrigger. stall', stick, crutch, alpenstock, bdton, colstaff, staddle. post, pillar, shaft, column, pilaster ; pediment, pedicle ; pedestal ; plinth, shank, leg, socle, zocle ; buttress, jamb, I mullion, abutment ; baluster, banister, I stanchion ; balustrade, frame, -work ; scaffold, skeleton, beam, ratter, girder, lintel, joist, travis, trave, corner-stone, summer, transom ; rung, round, step, sill, columella, back-bone ; ke^'-stone ; axle, -tree ; axis ; arch, mainstay, trunnion, pivot, rowlock; peg &c. {pendency) 214; tie-beam &c, {fastening) 45 ; thole pin, board, ledge, shelf, hob, bracket, trevet, trivet, arbor, rack ; mantel^ -piece, -shelf ; sLab, console ; counter, dresser ; flange, corbel ; table, trestle ; shoulder ; perch ; horse ; easel, desk. seat, throne, dais ; divan, musnud ; chair, bench, form, stool, sofii, settee, stall ; arm -, easy -, elbow -, rocking- chair ; couch, fauteuil, woolsack, ottoman, settle, squab, bench ; saddle, pannel, pillion ; side -, pack- saddle ; pommel. bed, berth, pallet, tester, crib, cot, hammock, shakedown, truckle- bed, cradle, litter, stretcher, bedstead ; four-poster, French bed j bedding, mattress, paillasse ; pillow, bolster ; mat, rug, cushion, footstool, hassock ; tabouret ; tripod. Atlas, Persides, Atlantes, Caryatides, Hercules. V. be -supported &c. ; lie -, sit -, recline -, lean -, loll -, rest -, stand -, step -, repose -, abut -, bear -, be based &c.- on ; have at one's back ; be-stride, -straddle. support, bear, carry, hold, sustain, slioulder ; hold -, back -, bolster -, shore- up ; up-hold, -bear ; prop ; under-prop, -pin, -set ; bandage, &c. 43. give -, furnish -, aiford -, supply -, lend- -support, - foundations j bottom, found, base, ground, imbed, embed, maintain, keep on foot; aid &c. 707. Adj. support-ing, -ed, &c. 17. ; fundamental. Adv. astride on, astraddle. -W. parallel- 216. Parallelism asm ; coextension. Adj. parallel; coextensive. Adv. alongside &c. (laterally) 236. 66 217. Obliquity. — u. obliquity, inclination, slope, slant ; crookedness &c. adj. ; slopeness ; leaning &c. v. ; bevel, tilt ; bias, list, twist, swag, cant, lurch ; distortion &c. 243; bend &c. {curve) 245 ; tower of Pisa, acclivity, rise, ascent, gradient, rising ground, hill, bank, declivity, downhill, * dip, fall, devexity; gentle-, rapid- slope ; easy -ascent, - descent ; shelving beach; talus ; monta(,me Husse; facilis descensus Averni. steepness kc.adj. ; cliff, precipice &c. {vertical) 212; escarpment, scarp. [Measure of inclination] clinometer ; sine, cosine, angle, hvpothenuse. diagonal ; zigzag. V. be -oblique &c. adj. ; slope, slant, lean, incline, shelve, stoop, de- cline, descend, bend, heel, careen, sag, swag, seel, slouch, cant, sidle. render -oblique &c. adj. ; sway, bias ; slope, slant ; incline, bend, crook ; cant, tilt ; distort &c. 243. n. n. 2". DLMEXSIOXS. 217—219. Adj. oblique, inclined ; sloping &c. v. ; tilted &c. v. ; recumbent, clinal, skew, askew, slant, aslant, plagiedral, indirect, wry, awry, ajee, crooked ; knock-kneed &:c. {distorted) 243 ; bevel, out of the perpen- dicular. uphill, rising, ascending, acclivous ; downhill, falling, descending ; declining, declivous, devex, anticlinal; steep, abrupt, precipitous, breakneck. diagonal : trans-verse, -versal ; athwart, antiparallel ; curved &c. 245. Adv, obliquely &c. adj. ; on -, all on- one side • askew, uskant, askance, edgewise, at an angle ; side-long, -ways ; slope-, slant- wise; by a side wind. 218. Inversion,— M". in-, e-, sub-, re-, retro-, intro-version ; con- traposition &c. 237; contrariety &c. 14; revei-sal; turn of the tide. overturn ; somer-sault, -set ; summerset ; cidbute ; revulsion : pirouette. transposition, anastrophy, metastask, hypei-haton, anastrophe, hysteron- proteron, hj-pallage, synchysis, tmesis, parenthesis; metathesis-, palin- drome. pronation and supination. V. be -inverted &c. ; turn -, go -, wheel- -round, - about, - to the right about ; tm-n -, go -, tilt -, topple- over ; capsize, turn turtle, in-, sub-, retro-, intro-vert ; reverse; up-, over-turn, -set; turn -topsy turvy &c. adj. ; culbuter ; transpose, put the cart before the horse, turn the tables. Adj. inverted &c. r. ; wrong side -out, - up ; inside out, upside down; bottom -, keel- upwards ; supine, on one's head, topsy turvy, sens dessun inverse; reverse &c. (contrary) 14; opposite &c. 237. topheavy. Adv. inversely &c. adj. ; hirdie-girdie ; heels over head, head over heels. 219. Crossing*. — X. crossing &c. v. ; inter-section, -digitation ; decussation, transversion ; convolution kc. 248. reticulation, network ; inoscidation, anastomosis, intertexture, mortise. net, plexus, web, mesh, twill, skein, sleeve, felt, lace ; wicker ; mat, -ting; plait, trellis, wattle, lattice, grating, yrille, gridiron, tracery, fretwork, filigree, reticle ; tissue, netting, mokes. cross, chain, wreath, braid, cat's cradle, knot ; entanglement &c. (disorder) 59. V. cross, decussate ; inter-sect, -lace, -twine, -twist, -weave, -digitate, -Unk. twine, entwine, weave, inweave, twist, wreathe ; anastomose, inoscu- late, dovetail, splice, link. mat, plait, plat, braid, felt, twill ; tangle, entangle, mvel ; net, knot ; dishevel, raddle. Adj. crossing &c. v. ; crossed, matted &C. v. ; transverse. cross, cruciform, crucial ; reti-form, -cular, -culated ; areolar, cancel- lated, grated, barred, streaked ; textile. Adv. across, thwart, athwart, transverselr. 67 '* ±2.0— ZZ^. SPACE. 11. II. 3^. 3*. Centrical Dimensions.* I. General. 220. Exteriority. — w. exterior- ity; outside, exterior; surface, super- ficies ; skin &c. {covering) 223 ; super- stratum ; disk, disc ; face, facet. excentricity ; circumjacence &c. 227. V. be -exterior &c. adj. ; lie around &c. 227. place -exteriorly, - outwardly, - out- side ; put -, turn- out. Adj. exter-ior, -nal ; outer, -most; out- ward, -lying, -side, -door; round about (fee. 227 ; extramural. superficial, skin-deep; frontal, discoid. extraregarding ; excentric ; outstand- ing ; extrinsic &c. 6. Alv. externally &c. adj. ; out, with- out, over, outwards, ah extra, out of doors ; extra muros. in the open air ; sub -Jove, ~ dio ; a la belle etoile, alfresco. 221. Interior ity. — Mr.interiority; inside, interior ; interspace, subsoil, sub- stratum. contents &c. 190; substance, pith, marrow ; backbone &c. (centre) 222 ; heart, bosom, breast; vitals, viscera, entrails, bowels, belly, intestines, guts, chitterlings, womb, lap ; ijenetralia, re- cesses, innermost recesses ; cave ko,. (concavity) 252. V. be -inside &c. adj., - within &c. adv. place -, keep- within ; enclose &c. (circumscribe) 229 ; intern ; imbed &c. (insert) 300. Adj . inter-ior, -nal ; inner, inside, inward, intraregarding ; in-, inner-most ; deep-seated ; intes-tine, -tinal ; inland ; subcutaneous ; interstitial &c. (interja- cent) 228; inwrought &c. (intrinsic) 5 ; enclosed &c. v. home, domestic, indoor, intramural, vernacular; endemic. Adv. internally &c. adj. ; inwards, within, in, inly ; here-, there-, where-in ; ab intra, withinside ; in -, within- doors ; at home, in the bosom of one's family. ZZZ, Centrality. — wr. centrality, centric alness, centre ; middle kc. 68 ; focus &c. 74. core, kernel ; nucleus, nucleolus ; heart, pole, axis, bull's eye ; nave, navel ; umbilicus, backbone, marrow, pith ; hot-bed ; concentration &c. (convergence) 290 ; centralization ; symmetry. centre of -gravity, - pressure, - percussion, - oscillation, - buoyancy &c. ; metacentre. V. be -central kc. adj. ; converge &c. 290. render central, centralize, concentrate ; bring to a focus. Adj. centr-al, -ical; middle &c. 68; azygous, axial, focal, umbilical, concentric ; middlemost. Adv. middle ; midst ; centrally &c. adj. ZZ^, iiining*.— N-. lining, inner coating; coating &c. (covering) 223; stal-actite, -agniite. filling, sturiing, wadding, padding. wainscot, jyarietes, wall. 223. Covering*. — U. covering, cover; canopy, tilt, awning,tent,raarquee, tente d\ibri, umbrella, parasol, sunshade ; veil (shade) 424; shield kc. (defence) 717. roof, ceiling, thatch, tile ; pan-, pen- tile; tiling, slates, slating, leads; shed &c. (abode) 189. top, lid, covercle, door, operculum. bandage, plaister, lint, wrapping, dos- sil, finger stall. coverlet, counterpane, sheet, quilt, tarpaulin, blanket, rug, drugget ; housing. v. line, stuff, incrust, wad, pad, fill. Adj. lined &c. v. 68 * That IS, Dimensions having reference to a centre. II. II. 3° DIMENSIONS. 223—226. in-, tegument ; skin, pellicle, fleece, fell, fur, leather, shagreen, hide ; pelt, -ry ; cuticle, scarf-skin, epidemiis. clothing &c. 225 ; mask &c. {concealment) 530. peel, crust, bark, rind, cortex, husk, shell, coat. capsule ; sheath, -ing ; pod, cod ; casino-, case, theca ; elytron ; involucrum ; wrapp-ing, -er ; enyelope, vesicle ; Dermatology, Con- chology. veneer, facing ; pavement ; scale kc. (layer) 204 ; coating, paint ; varnish &c. {resin) 356a; anointing &c. v.; inunction; incrustation, superposition, obduction ; ground, enamel, whitewash, plaster, stucco, compo ; cerement ; ointment &c. {yrease) 356. V. cover; super-pose, -impose; over-lay, -spread; wr;\p &c. 225; incase ; face, case, veneer, pave, paper ; tip, cap, bind. coat, paint, varnish, pay, incrust, stucco, dab, plaster, tar ; wash ; be-, smear; be-, daub; anoint, do over; gild, plate, japan, lacquer, lacker, enamel, whitewash ; lay it on thick. over-lie, -arch ; conceal &c. 528. Adj. covering &c. v. ; cutaneous, dermal, cortical, cuticular, tegu- mentary, skinny, scaly, squamous ; covered &c. v. ; imbricated, lori- cated, armour-plated, iron-clad ; under cover. 225. Investment. — H". invest-] 226. Divestment.— NT. divest- ment; covering &c. 223 ; dress, clothing, i ment ; taking oft' &c. v. raiment, drapery, costume, attire, guise, nudity ; bareness Sec. adj. ; undress ; toilet, toilette, trim; habiliment; vest-, dishabille Szc. 225; nu-, denu-dation ; ure, -ment ; garment, garb, palliament, 1 decortication, depilation, excoriatior. apparel, wardrobe, \^ earing apparel, clothes, things. array; tailoring, millinery; finery, &c. (ornament) 847 ; full dress S:c. (sliotc) 882 ; garniture ; theatrical properties. outfit, equipment, trousseau\ uniform, desquamation ; monlting ; exfoliation. V. divest ; uncover kc. (cover &c. 223); denude, bare, strip ; undress, dis- robe, c^-c. (dress, enrobe, kc. 225); un- coif ; dismantle ; put -, take -, cast- oft'; doff"; peel, pare, decorticate, excoriate, regimentals; canonicals l^-c. 999 ; livery, skin, scalp, fiay ; expose, lay open ; ex- gear, harness, turn out, accoutrement, ! foliate, moult, mew ; cast the skin. Adj. divested kc. v.; bare, naked, nude ; un-dressed, -draped ; exposed ; in dishabille ; bald, thread-bare, ragged, callow, roofless. in -a state of nature, - nature's garb, - buff;, - native buff", - birthday suit ; in puris naturalibus; with nothing on, stark naked ; bald as a coot, bare as the back of one's hand ; out at elbows ; barefoot ; leaf-, nap-, hair-less. caparison, suit, rigging, trappings, traps, slops, togs, toggery ; masquerade. dishabille, morning dress, neglige, dressing-gown, undress ; shooting-coat ; mufti; rags, tatters, old clothes ; mourn- ing, weeds ; duds ; slippers. robe, tunic, paletot, habit, gown, coat, frock, blouse, toga, smockfrock ; frock-, dress-, tail-coat. cloak, pall ; mantle, mantlet, mantua, shawl, ^W?5S6?, wrapper; veil; cape, tippet, kirtle, plaid, muffler, comforter, haik, huke, chlamys, mantilla, tabard, housing, hoi-se-cloth, bornouse, burnoose, burnous, roqueiaure-, houppelande ; Bur-, over-, great-coat; surtmit, spencer; mackintosh, waterproof, ulster, P-coat, dreadnought, wraprascal, poncho, cardinal, pelerine. jacket, vest, jerkin, waistcoat, doublet, camisole, gabardine ; stays, corsage, corset, corselet, boddice ; stomacher ; skirt, petticoat, farthin- gale, kilt, jupe, crinoline, bustle, jyanier, apron, pinafore. troii-, trow-sers ; breeches, pantaloons, inexpressibles, overalls, smalls, small-clothes ; tights, drawers ; knickerbockers : phil-, fiU-ibeg. head-dress, -gear ; cap, hat, beaver, castor, lx)nnet, tile, wideawake. 69 225—228. SPACE. 11. n. 3° billy-cock ; wimple ; night-, mob-, skull-cap ; hood, coif; capote, calash ; I scull-cap ; kerchief, snood ; head, coiffure ; crown &c. (circle) 247 ; chig- | norij pelt, wig, front, peruke, peri wig; caftan, turban, fez, shako, csako, | busby; kepi, forage cap, bearskin ; helmet &c. 717; mask, domino. \ body clothes ; linen ; shirt, sark, smock, shift, chemise ; night-gown, -shirt ; bed-gown, sac tie nuit ; jersey ; under-clothing, -waistcoat. neck-erchief, -cloth ; tie, rulf, collar, cravat, stock, handkerchief, scarf ; bib, tucker ; boa ; girdle &c. (circle) 247. shoe, pump, boot, slipper, sandal, galoche, goloshes, patten, clog ; high-low; Blucher -, Wellington -, Hessian -, jack -, top- boot; Balmoral ; legging, buskin, greave, galligaskin, mocassin, r/amache, gambado, gaiter, spatterdash, brogue, antegropelos ; stocking, hose, gaskins, trunk-hose, sock ; hosiery. glove, gauntlet, mitten, cufF, wristband, sleeve, swaddling cloth, baby-linen, layette ; pocket-handkerchief. clothier, tailor, milliner, costumier, sempstress, snip ; dress-, habit-, breeches-, shoe-maker; cordwainer, cobbler, hosier, hatter; draper, linendraper, haberdasher, mercer. V. invest ; cover &c. 223 ; envelop, lap, involve ; in-, en-wrap ; wrap ; fold -, wrap -, lap -, muffle- up ; overlap ; sheathe, swathe, swaddle, roll up in, circumvest. vest, clothe, array, dress, dight, drape, robe, enrobe, attire, apparel, accoutre, rig, fit out; deck &c. {ornament) 847 ; perk; equip, harness, caparison. wear ; don ; put -, huddle -, slip- on ; mantle. Adj. invested &c. i^. ; habited; dight, -ed ; clad, costumd, shod, chausse ; en grancle tenue &c. (slioiv) 882. sartorial. 228. Intex^acence.— Iff. inter- jacence, -currence, -venience, -location, -digitation, -penetration ; permeation. inter-jection, -polation, -lineation, -spersion, -calation ; embolism. inter-vention, -ference, -position ; in-, ob-trusion ; insinuation ; insertion &c. 300 ; dovetailing; infiltration. intermedi-um, -ary ; go-between, bod- kin, intruder, interloper; parenthesis, episode ; fly-leaf. partition, sej^^Mw, diaphragm, midrifl'; party-wall, panel, vail ; half-way house. V. lie -, come -, get- between ; inter- vene, slide in, interpenetrate, permeate. put between, introduce, import ; throw -, wedge -, edge -, jam -, worm -, foist -, run -, plough -, work- in ; inter-pose, -ject, -calate,-polate, -line,-leave,-sperse, -weave, -lard, -digitate ; let in, dovetail, splice, mortise ; insinuate, smuggle ; in- filtrate, ingi-ain. interfere, put in an oar, thrust one's nose in ; intrude, obtrude ; have a finger iu the pic ; introduce the thin end of the wedge ; thrust in &c. (insert) 300. Adj. inter-jacent, -current, -veniont, -veniug &c. v., -mediate, -mediary, -calary,-stitial; embolismal. 227. Circumjacence.— N". cir- cum-jacence, -ambience; environment, encompassment ; atmosphere, medium ; surroundings. outpost ; border &c. (edge) 231 ; girdle &c. (ci)'cumference) 230; outskirts, boule- vards, suburbs, purlieus, precincts, /«?*- hourgs, environs, entourage, hanlieue. V. lie -around &c. adv. ; surround, beset, compass, encompass, environ, in- close, enclose, encircle, embrace, circum- vent, lap, gird; begird, engird; skirt, twine round ; hem in &c. (circumscribe) 229. Adj . circum-jacent, -ambient, -fluent ; ambient ; surrounding kc. v. ; circum- ferential, suburban. Adv. around, about ; without ; on -every side, - all sides ; right and left, all round, round about. 70 II. n. 3°. DIMENSIONS. 228—235. pareathetical, episodic ; mediterranean ; intrusive ; embosomed ; merged. Adv. between, betwixt ; 'twixt ; among, -st ; amid, -st ; 'mid, -3t ; in the thick of ; betwixt and between ; sandwich-wise ; parenthetically, obiter dictum. 22S). Circumscription. — U. circumscription, limitation, in- closure; confinement &c. {restraint) 751; circumvallation ; envelope &c. 232. V. circumscribe, limit, bound, confine, enclose ; surroimd &c. 227 ; compass about ; imprison Sec. (restrain) 751 ; hedge -, wall -, rail- in ; fence -, hedge- round ; picket. enfold, bury, incase, pack up, enshrine, inclasp ; wrap up &c. (invest) 225. Adj. circumscribed &c. v. ; begirt, lapt ; buried -, immersed- in ; embosomed, in the bosom of, imbedded, encysted, mewed up ; impri- soned &c. 751 ; land-locked, in ariug fence. 230. Outline. — M". outline, circumference; peri-meter, -phery ; ambit, circuit, lines, tournure, contour, profile, silhouette. zone, belt, girth, baud, baldric, zodiac, girdle, cingle, clasp, girt; cordon &c. {inclosure) 232 ; circlet &c. 247. 231. Zldgre. — W. edge, verge, brink, brow, brim, margin, border, skirt, rim, flange, side, mouth; jaws, chops, chaps, /awces; lip, muzzle. threshold, door, porch ; portal &c. (opening) 260 ; coast, shore, frame, fringe, flounce, frill, list, trimming, edging, skirting, hem, sel- vedge, welt ; furbelow, valance. Adj. border, marginal, skirting; labial, labiated, marginated. 232. Znclosure. — w. inclosure, envelope ; case &c. (receptacle) 191 ; wrapper; girdle kc. 230. pen, fold ; pen-, in-, sheep-fold; paddock, pound ; net, seine net. wall; hedge, -row; espalier \ fence &c. (defence) 717; pale, paling, bal- ustrade, rail, railing, quickset hedge, park paling, circumvallation, enceinte, ring fence. barrier, barricade ; gate, -way ; door, hatch, cordon-, prison &c. 752. dike, dyke, ditch, fosse, moat. V. inclose; circumscribe &c. 229. 233. Xiimit. — W. limit, boundary, bounds, confine, enclave, term, bourn, verge, kerb-stone, but, pale; tsrmin-ation, -us ; stint, frontier, precinct, marches. boundary line, landmark ; line of -demarcation, - circumvallation ; pillars of Hercules ; Rubicon, turning-point ; ne plus ultra ; sluice, flood- gate. Adj. definite ; contermin-ate, -able ; terminal, frontier. Adv. thus far, - and no further. 2. Special. 234. Front. — N". front; fore, I 235. Rear.— W. rear, back, pos- - part; foreground; face, disk, disc,] teriority ; rear -rank, - guard; back- frontage, fagade,prosceniu7n, facia, fron- ground. tispiece ; ' anteriority ; obverse [of a occiput, nape, chine ; heels ; ^ tail medal]. fore -, front- rank ; van, -guard ; ad- vanced guard : outpost. rump, croup, buttock, posteriors, back- side, scut, breech, dorsum, loin; dorsal -, lumbar- region. 71 23«~2«1, SPACE. II. II. brow, forehead, visage, physiognomy, phiz, counieaance, mug ; rostrum, beak, bow, stem, prow, prore, jib. pioneer &c. (precu)'sor) 64; motopo- scopy. V. be -, stand- in front &c. adj. ; front, face, confront ; b3nd forwards ; come to th3 -front, - ibre. Adj. fore, anterior, front, frontal. ildv. before ; in -front, - the van, - advance ; ahead, right ahead ; fore-, head-most ; in the -foreground, - lee of; before one's -face, - eyes ; face to face^ vis-d-ms. stern, poop, after-part, heel-p'e.-^e, crupper. wake; train &c (sequence) 281. reverse ; other side of the shield. V. be -behind &c. adv. ; i'all asterit •, bend backwards ; bring up the rear. Adj. baclc, rear ; hind, -er, -most, -ermost ; post-ern, -erior ; dorsal, after ; caudal, lumbar. Adv. behind ; in the -rear, - back- ground ; behind one's back ; at the -heels, - tail, - back- of ; back to back. after, aft, abaft, astern, sternmost, aback, rearward. 236. Laterality.— N". laterality; side, flank, quarter, lee ; hand ; cheek, jowl, jole, winof ; profile; tem\Ae, 2^cinetes, loin, haunch, hip. gable, -end ; broadside ; lee side. points of the compass ; East, Orient, Levant; West; orientation. V. be -on one side &c. ado. ; flank, out- flank ; sidle ; skirt. Adj. lateral, sidelong ; collateral; pa- rietal, flanking, skirting; flanked; side- many-sided; multi-, bi-, tri-, quadri- lateral. 237. Contraposition.— N-. con- traposition, opposition ; polarity ; inver- sion &c. 218; opposite side; reverse, inverse ; counterpart ; antipodes ; oppo- site poles, North and South. V. be -opposite &c. adj. ; subtend. Adj. opposite ; reverse, inverse ; an- tipodal, subcontrary ; fronting, facing, diametrically opposite. Northern, Septentrional,Boreal, arctic ; Southern, Austral, antarctic. Adv. over, - the way, - against ; against; face to face, vis-d-vis; as poles asunder. Eastern ; orient, -al; Levantine; West- ern, occidental, Hesperian. Adv. side-ways, -long; broadside on ; on one side, abreast, alongside, beside, aside ; by, - the side of ; side by side ; cheek by jowl &c. (neat-) 197 ; to -windward, - leeward ; laterally &c. adj. ; right and left ; on her beam ends. 238. Dextrality.— N". dextral- ity ; right, - hand ; dexter, ofl'side, star- board. Adj. dextral, right-handed ; ambi- dextral. 239. Sinistrality. — W. sinis- trality ; left, -hand ; sinister, nearside, larboard, port. Adj. sinistral, left-handed. Section III. FORM. 1°. Geis^er 240. Form. — U. form, figure, shape ; con-formation, -figuration ; make, formation, frame, construction, cut, set, build, trim, cut of one's jib ; stamp, type, cast, mould ; fashion ; contour &c. (out- line) 230 ; structure &c. 329. feature, lineament, turn ; pliase Sec. {aspect) 448 ; posture, at: itude, pose. [Science of form] Morphology. 72 iL Form. 241. [Absence of form.] Amor<° phism. — TT. aniorphism, informity ; unlicked cub ; 7'udis indigestaque moles ; disorder &c. 59 ; deformity &c. 243. disfigure-, deface-ment ; mutilation. V. [Destroy form] deface, disfigure, deform, mutilate, truncate ; derange etc. 61, Adj. shapeless, amorphous, formless; 11. m. 2°. FORM. 24bO— 244:. un-formed, -liewn, -fasliioned, -shapen ; rough, rude, Gothic, barbarous, rugged. [Similarity of form] isomorphism. forming &c. v. ; form-, ligur-, eiibrm- ation ; scidpture. V. form, shape, figure, fashion, eiibrm, carve, cut, chisel, hew, cast ; rough-hew, -cast ; sketch ; block -, hammer- out ; trim ; lick -, put- into shape ; model, knead, work up into, set, mould, sculpture ; cast, stamp ; biuld &c. {construct) i6i. A.dj. formed &c. v. [Receiving form] plastic, fictile. [Giving form] plasmic. [Similar in form] jsomorphous. 242. [Regularity of form.] Ssnai- xnetry. — W. symmetry, shapeliness, iinish ; beauty &c. 845 ; proportion, eu- rythmy, uniformity, parallelism; bi-, tri-, iniilti-lateral symmetry ; centrality &c. 222. arborescence, branching, ramification. Adj. symmetrical, shapely, well set, finished ; ' beautiful &c. 845 ; classic, chaste, severe. regular, uniform, balanced ; equal &c. 27 243. [Irregidarity of form.] Dis- tox*tion. — X. dis-, de-, con-tortion; twist; crookedness tfcc. {obliquity) 217; grimace ; delbrmity ; nial-, malcon-for- mation ; monstrosity, misproportion, I want of symmetry, anamorphosis ; ugli- ness kc. 846 ; Teratology. j V. distort, contort, twist, warp, wrest, wiithe, make faces, deform, misshape. I Adj. distorted &c. v. ; out of shape, irregular, unsymmetric, awry, wry, as- ; kew, crooked ; not -true, - straight ; on one side, crump, deformed ; mis-shapen, I -begotten ; mis-, ill-proportioned ; ill- j made ; grotesque, crooked as a ram's ; horn ; hump-, hunch-, bunch-, crook- 1 backed ; bandy ; bandy-, bow-legged ; bow-, knock-kneed ; splay-, club-footed ; round-shouldered ; siuib- nosed ; curtailed of one's fair proportions ; stumpy &c. {short) 201 ; gaunt &c. {thin) 203 ; bloated &c. 194. Adv. all manner of ways. jarallel, coextensive. arbor-escent, -iform ; dendr-iform,-oid ; branching ; ramous, ramose. 2°. Special Form. 244. Ang-ularity. — W- angular-ity, -ness ; aduncity ; angle, cusp, bend ; fold &c. 258 ; notch .^^c. 257 ; fork, bifurcation. elbow, knee, Imuckle, anlde, groin, crotch, crutch, crane, fluke, scythe, sickle, xig-zag, kimbo. corner, nook, recess, niche, oriel. _ t r o right angle &c. {perpendicular) 212 ; obliquity &c. 217 ; angle ot 45 , mitre : acute -, obtuse -, salient -, re-entering -, spherical- angle. ^ angular -measurement, -elevation, - distance, - velocity ;lngon-, Goni-ometry; Altimetry; clin-, graph-, goni-ometer ; theodolite; sex- tant, quadrant : dichotomy. J 1 1, triano-le, trigon, wedire; rectancrle. square, lozenge, diamond; rhomb, .us; quadr-angle, -ilateral; parallelogram; quadrature; poly-, penta- hexa-, hepta-, octa-, deca-gon. ^ -, i Platonic bodies; cube, rhomboid; tetra-, penta-, hexa-, octa-, dodeca-, icosa-hedron ; prism, pyramid : parallelepiped. V. bend, fork, bifurcate, crinkle. _ . Adj. ano-ular, bent, crooked, aduncous, uncmated, aquiline, jago-ed, serrated; falc-iform, -ated ; furcated, forked, bifurcate, zigzag; dove- 2«4^— 2^8. SPACE. 11. III. 2". tailed ; knock-kneed, crinkled, akimbo, kimbo, geniculated ; oblique &c. 217. _ fusiform, wedge-shaped, cuneiform; tri-angular, -gonal, -lateral; quadr-angular, -ilateral ; rectangular, square, multilateral ; polygonal &c. 71. ; cubical, rhomboidal, pyramidal. 245. Curvature r. curv-ature, -ity, -ation ; incurv-ity, -ation ; bend ; flex-ure, -ion ; conflexure ; crook, book, bought, bending ; de-, in-flexion ; arcu- ation, devexitj, turn ; deviation, detour, 8weep ; curl, -ing ; bough ; recurv-ity, -ation ; sinuosity «S:c. 248. curve, arc, arch, arcade, vault, bow, crescent, half-moon, lunule, horse-shoe, loop, crane-neck ; para-, hyper-bola ; ca- tenary, festoon ; conch-, cardi-oid ; caus- tic; tracery. V, be -curved &c, adj. ; sweep, swag, sag ; deviate &c. 279 ; turn ; re-enter. render -curved &c. adj. ; bend, curve, incurvate; de-, in-fleet; crook; turn, round, arch, arcuate, arch over, con- camerate ; bow, curl, recurve, frizzle. Adj. curved &c. v.; curvi-form, -lineal, -linear; devex, devious; recurv-ed, -ous ; crump ; bowed &c, v. ; vaulted ; hooked ; falc-iform, -ated ; semicircular, crescentic ; lun-iform, -ular ; semilunar, conchoidal ; cord-iform, -ated; cardioid; heart-, bell-, pear-, fig-shaped ; reniform; lenti-form, -cular ; bow-legged &c. {distorted) 243 ; oblique &c. 217; circular &c. 247. 246. Straigrhtness.-x. straight- ness, rectilinearity, directness ; inflexibi- lity &c. {stiffness) 323 ; straight -, right -, direct- line ; short cut. V. be -straight &c. adj. ; have no turning ; not -incline, - bend. - turn, - deviate- to either side ; go straight; steer for &c. {direction) 278. render straight, straighten, rectify ; set -, put- straight; un-bend, -fold, -curl &c. 248, -ravel &c. 219, -wrap. Adj. straight ; rectiline-ar, -al; di- rect, even, right, true, in a line ; unbent &c. V. ; un-deviating, -tm*ned, -distorted, -swerving; straight as an arrow &c. {direct) 278 ; inflexible &c. 323. 247. [Simple circularity.] Circu- larity. — u. circularity, roundness ; rotundity &c. 249. circle, circlet, ring, areola, hoop, roundlet, annulus, annulet, bracelet, armlet ; ringlet ; eye, loop, wheel ; cycle, orb, orbit, rundle, zone, belt, cordon, band ; sash, girdle, cestus, cincture, baldric, fillet, fascia, wreath, garland ; crown, corona, coronet, chaplet, snood, necklace, collar ; noose, lasso. ellipse, oval, ovule ; ellipsoid, cycloid ; epi-cycloid, -cycle ; semi-circle : quad- rant, sextant, sector. V. make -round &c. adj. ; round. go round ; encircle &c. 227 ; describe -a circle &c. 311. Adj. round, rounded, circular, annu- lar, orbicular ; oval, ovate ; elliptic, -al ; egg-shaped ; pear-shaped &c. 245 ; cy- cloidal &c. n. ; spherical &c. 249. 248. [Complex circularity.] Con- volution. — U. winding &c. v. ; con-, in-, circum-volution ; wave, undulation, tortuosity, anfractuosity ; sinu-osity, -ation ; meandering, circuit, circumben- dibus, twist, twirl, windings and turn- ings, ambages ; torsion ; inosculation ; reticulation &c. {crossing) 219. coil, roll, curl, buckle, spiral, helix, corkscrew, worm, volute, rundle ; ten- dril ; scollop, scallop, escalop. serpent, eel, maze, labyrinth. V. be -convoluted &c. adj. ; wind, twine, turn and twist, twirl ; wave, undulate, meander; inosculate; entwine, intwine ; twist, coil, roll ; wrinkle, curl, crisp, twill ; frizz, -le ; crimp, crape, indent, scollop, scallop ; wring, intort ; contort ; wreathe &c. {cross) 2 1 9. Adj. convoluted ; winding, twisted &c. V. ; tortile, tortive ; wavy ; und-ated, -ulatory; circling, snaky, snake-like, serpentine ; serpent-, anguill-, verm- iform ; vernaicular ; mazy, tortuous, sinuous, Hexuous, sigmoidal. involved, intricate, complicated, perplexed ; labyrinth-ic, -ian, -ine ; peristaltic; daedalian. 74 11. III. FORM. 248—252. TNTeatliy, frizzly, crejye, buckled ; ravelled &c. {in disorder) 59. spiral, coiled, helical, turbinated. Adv. in and out, round and round. 249. Rotundity. — W. rotundity; roundness &c. adj.-, cylindri- city ; spher-icity, -oidity ; globosity. cylin-der, -droid; barrel, drum ; roll, -er ; rouleau, column, rolling-pin, rundle. cone, conoid ; pear-, e^^-, bell-shape. sphere, globe, ball, boulder, bowlder ; spher-, ellips-oid ; oblong -, oblate- spheroid ; drop, spherule, globule, vesicle, bulb, bullet, pellet, ■pclute, clew, pill, marble, pea, knob, pommel, knot. V. render -spherical &c. adj. ; form into a sphere, sphere, roll into a ball ; give -rotundity &c. n. ; round. Adj. rotund ; round &c. (circular) 247 ; cylindr-ic, -ical, -old ; columnar, lumbriciform ; conic, -al ; spher-ical, -oidal ; glob-ular, -ated, -ous, -ose ; egg-, bell-, pear-shaped ; ov-oid, -iform ; gibbous ; campan- iform, -ulate, -iliform ; fungiform, bead-like, moniliform, pyriform, bulbous ; to'es atque rotundus ; round as -an orange, - an apple, - a ball, - a billiard ball, - a cannon ball. 250. Convexity.— W. convexity, prominence, projection, swelling, gibbo- sity ,bilge,bulge,protuberance,protrusion. intumescence ; tumour, tumor ; tuber- cle, -osity ; excrescence ; hump, hunch, bunch. tooth, knob, elbow, process, apophysis, condyle, bulb, node, nodule, nodosity, tongue, dorsum, boss, embossment, bump, clump ; sugar-loaf &c. {sharpness) 253 ; bow; mamelon. pimple, wen, wheal, papula, pustule, pock, proud flesh, growth, sarcoma, caruncle, corn, wart, furuncle, polypus, fungus, fungosity, exostosis, bleb, blister, blain ; boil &c. {disease) 655. papilla, nipple, teat, pap, breast, dug, mammilla; proboscis, nose, neb, beak, snout, nozzle ; belly, corporation ; withers, back, shoulder, lip, flange. peg, button, stud, ridge, rib, jutty, trunnion, snag. cupola, dome, arch, balcony, eaves ; pilaster. rehef, relievo, cameo; basso-, mezzo-, alto-7'ilievo ; low-, bas-, high-relief. hill &c. {height) 206 ; cape, promon- tory, mull ; fore-, head-land ; point of land, mole, jetty, hummock, ledge, spur. V. be -prominent &c. adj. ; project, bulge, protrude, pout, bouge, bunch ; jut -, stand -, stick -, poke- out ; stick -, biislle -, start -, cock - shoot- up : swell -, hang -, bend- over ; beetle. 3°. SrrERFICIAL F0E3I. 251. Flatness.— IT. flatness &c. adj. ; smoothness &c. 255. plane; level &c. 213; plate, platter, table, tablet, slab. V. render flat, flatten ; level &c. 213. Adj. flat, plane, even, flush, scuti- form, discoid ; level &c. {horizontal) 213 ; flat as -a pancake, - a fluke, - a flounder, - a board, - my hand. 252. Concavity. — W. concavity, depression, dip ; hollow, -ness ; indenta- tion, intaglio, cavity, dent, dint, dimple, follicle, pit, sinus, alveolus, lacuna ; ex- cavation ; trough &c. {furrow) 259 ; honeycomb. cup, basin, crater, punch-bowl; cell &c. (j'ecejjtacle) 191 ; socket. valley, vale, dale, dell, dingle, combe, bottom, slade, strath, glade, grove, glen, cave, cavern, cove ; grot, -to ; alcove, cul-de-sac; gully &c. 198; arch &c. {curve) 245 ; bay &c. {of the sea) 343. excavator, sapper, miner. V. be -concave &c. adj. ; retire, cave in. render -concave «S:c. adj. ; depress, hollow ; scoop,- out ; gouge, dig, delve, excavate, dent, dint, mine, sap, under- mine, burrow, tunnel, stave in. Adj. depressed *S:c. v. ; concave, hol- low, stove in ; retiring ; retreating ; cavernous; porous &c. {with holes) 260; cellular, spongy, spongious ; honey- combed, alveolar ; infundibul-ar, -iform ; 75 250—256. SPACE. II. III. 3°. funnel-, bell-shaped ; campaniform, cap- sular ; vaulted, arched. render -prominent Sec. adj. ; raise 307 j emboss, chase. Adj. convex, prominent, protuberant; projecting &c. v. ; bossed, bossy, nodu- lar, bunchy; clav-ate, -ated ; hummocky, moutomie, mammiform; papul-ous, -ose ; hemispheric, bulbous; bowed, arched ; bold ; bellied ; tuber-ous, -culous ; tumorous ; cornute, odontoid; lenti-form, -cular ; gibbous. salient, in relief, raised, repousse ; bloated &c. {expanded) 194. 254. Bluntness. &c. adj. V. be - render- blunt &c. adj. ; ob- tund, dull ; take oft' the -point, - edge ; turn. Adj. blunt, obtuse, dull, blufil 253. Sharpness. — M". sharpness &c. adj. ; acuity, acumination ; spino- sity. point, spike, spine, spiculum ; needle, pin ; prick, -le ; spur, rowel, barb ; spit, cusp ; horn, antler ; snag ; tag ; thorn, bristle. nib, tooth, tusk ; spoke, cog, ratchet. crag, crest, arete, cone, peak, sugar-loaf, pike, aiguille ; spire, pyra- mid, steeple. beard, chevaux defrise, porcupine, hedgehog, briar, bramble, thistle ; comb. wedge ; knife-, cutting- edge ; blade, edge-tool, cutlery, knife, pen- knife, whittle, razor ; scalpel, bistoury, lancet ; ploughshare, coulter ; hatchet, axe, pick-axe, mattock, pick, adze, bill ; bill-hook, cleaver, cutter ; scythe, sickle, scissors, shears ; sword &c. (arms) 727 ; bod- kin &c. {pei'forator) 262. sharpener,* hone, strop ; grind-, whet-stone ; steel, emery. V. be -sharp &c. adj. ; taper to a point ; bristle with. render -sharp &c. adj. ; sharpen, point, aculeate, whet, barb, spicu- late, set, strop, grind. cut &c. {sunder) 44. Adj. sharp, keen; acute; aci-cular, -form; acu-leated, -minated ; pointed ; tapering ; conical, p^a-amidal ; mucron-ate, -ated ; spindle-, needle-shaped ; spiked, spiky, ensiform, peaked, salient ; cusp-ed, -idate, -idated ; corn-ute, -uted, -iculate ; prickly ; spiny, spinous ; thorny, bristling, muricated, pectinated, studded, thistly, briary ; craggy &c. {rough) 256; snaggy; digitated, two-edgedj fusiform; denti-form, -culated ; toothed ; odontoid ; star-like ; stell-ated, -iform ; arrow-headed ; arrowy, barbed, spurred. cutting ; sharp-, knife-edged ; sharp -, keen- as a rozcr ; sharp as a needle ; sharpened &c. v. ; set. w. bluntness 255. Smoothness. — ar. smooth- ness &c. adj. ; polish, gloss ; lubric-ity, -ation. down, velvet, silk, satin ; slide ; bowl- ing green &c. {level) 213; glass, ice ; asphalte, wood pavement, flags. roller, steam-roller ; sand-, emery- paper; burnisher, turpentine and bees- wax. V. smooth, -en ; plane ; file ; mow, shave ; level, roll ; macadamize ; polish, burnish, calender, glaze; iron, hot-press, mangle; lubricate &c. {oil) 332. 76 256. Roug'hness.— w. roughness &c. adj. ; tooth, grain, texture, ripple ; asperity, rugosity, salebrosity, corruga- tion, nodosity ; arborescence Sec. 242.'' brush, hair, beard, shag, mane, whis- ker, moustache, imperial, tress, lock, curl, rm^lQt, Jimhrice, cilia, villi -^ love-lock. plum -age, -osity ; plume, jyanache, crest ; feather, tuft, fringe, toupee. wool, velvet, plush, nap, pile, floss, fur, down ; byssus, moss, bur. V. be -rough Sec. adj. ; go against the grain. II. IIT. 3°. FORM. 255— Z61. Adj. smooth ; polished Sec. v. ; even ; level &c. 213; plar.e &c, (Jlat) 251 ; sleek, glossy ; silkeo, silky ; lanate, downy, velvety ; glabrous,' slippery, render -rough &c. adj. ; roughen, ruffle, crisp, crumple, corrugate, set ou edge, stroke the wrong way, rumple. Adj. rough, uneven ; scabrous, knot- lassy, lubricous, oily, soft ; unwrinkled ; i ted ; rug-ged, -ose, -ous ; asperous smooth as -glass, - ice, - velvet, - oil ; I crisp, salebrous, gnarled, unpolished, slippery as an eel ; woolly &c. {feathery) unsmooth, rough-hewn ; crag-gy, -ged ; 256. crankling, scraggy ; prickly &c. {sharp) 253; arborescent &c. 242; leafy, well- wooded ; feathery ; plum-ose, -igerous ; i tufted, fimbriated, hairy, ciliated, fila- mentous, hirsute; crin-ose, -ite ; bushy, hispid, villous, pappous, bearded, pilous, shaggy, shagged ; fringed, befringed ; set-ous, -ose, -aceous ; ' like quills upon the fretful porcupine ' ; rough as a -nutmeg grater, - bear. downy, velvety, flocculent, w^oolly ; Ian-ate, -ated ; lanugin-ous, -ose ; tomentous. Adv. against the grain. 257. Kotch. — N". notch, dent, nick, cut ; indent, -ation ; dimple, embrasure, battlement, machicolation ; saw, tooth, crenelle, scallop, scollop ; Vandyke. V. notch, nick, cut, dent, indent, jag, scarify, scotch, crimp, scollop, crenulate, vandyke. Adj. notched &c. v.\ crenate, -d ; dentate, -d ; denticulate, -d; toothed, palmated, serrated. 258. Pold.— wr. fold, plicature, plait, ply, crease; tuck, gather; flexion, flexm-e, joint, elbow, doubling, duplicature, gather, wrinkle, rimple, crinkle, crankle, crumple, rumple, rivel, ruck, ruffle, dog's ear, corrugation, frounce, flounce, lapel ; pucker, crow's feet. V. fold, double, plicate, plait, crease, wrinkle, crinkle, cranlde, curl, cockle up, cocker, rimple, rumple, frizzle, frounce, rivel, twill, corrugate, Tuffle, crimple, crumple, pucker ; turn -, double- -down, - under ; tuck, ruck, hem, gather. Adj. folded &c. v. 259. Furrow. — w. fm-row, groove, rut, sulcus, scratch, streak, st7'i(e, crack, score, incision, slit ; chamfer, fluting. channel, gutter, trench, ditch, dike, dyke, moat, fosse, trough, kennel ; ravine &c. (^interval) 198. v. furrow &c. n. ; flute, plough ; incise, engrave, etch, bite in. Adj. furrowed &c. v.; ribbed, striated, sulcated, fluted, canaliculated; bisulc-ous, -ate ; trisculate ; corduroy. 260. Opening*. — W, hole, fora- men ; puncture, perforation ; pin-, key-, loop-, port-, peep-, mouse-, pigeon-hole ; eye, - of a needle ; eyelet. opening ; apert-ure, -ness ; hiation, yawning, oscitancy, dehiscence, patefac- tion, pandiculation ; chasm &c. {inter- val) 198. embrasure, window, casement, light ; sky-, fan-light ; lattice ; bay-, bow-win- dow ; oriel ; dormer, lantern. out-, in-let ; vent, vomitory ; embou- 261. Closure. — U. closure, occlu- sion, blockade ; shutting up &c. v. ; ob- struction &c. {hindrance) 706 ; con- traction Sec. 195 ; infarction ; con-, ob- stipation ; blind -alley, - corner ; cul de sac, caecum ; imper-foration, -vious- ness &c. adj., -meability; stopper &c. 263. V. close, occlude, plug ; block-, stop -, till -, bung -, cork -, button-, stufl*-, shut -,dam- up ; blockade ; obstruct &c. {hinder) 706 : bar, bolt, stop, seal, plumb; 77 260— 26S. SPACE. 11. III. choke, throttle ; ram down, dam, cram ; trap, clinch ; put to -, shut- the door. Adj. closed &c. v.\ shut, operculated ; unopened. uupierced, imporous, csecal ; imper- forate, -vious, -meable ; impenetrable ; un-, im-passable ; invious ; path-, way- less ; untrodden. unventilated ; air-, water-tight ; her- metically sealed ; tight, snug. cJiure ; orifice, mouth, sucker, muzzle, throat, gullet, weasand, wizen, nozzle. portal, porch, gate, ostiary, postern, wicket, trap-door, hatch, door ; arcade ; gate-, door-, hatch-, gang- way ; lych-gate. way, path, &c. 627 ; thoroughfare ; channel, passage, tube, pipe ; water-pipe, etc. 350; air-pipe &c. 351 ; vessel, tu- bule, canal, gut, fistula; adjutage, ajut- age ; chimney, flue, tap, funnel, gully, tunnel, main ; mine, pit, adit, shaft : gallery. alley, aisle, glade, vista. bore, calibre ; pore ; blind orifice. por-ousness, -osity ; sieve, cullender, colander ; cribble, riddle, screen ; honeycomb. apertion, perforation; piercing &c. v.; terebration, empalement, pertusion, puncture, acupuncture, penetration. opener, key, master-key, passe-partout. v. open, ope, gape, yawn, bilge ; fly open. perforate, pierce, empierce, tap, bore, drill ; mine &c. {scoop out) 252 ; tunnel ; trans-pierce, -fix ; enfilade, impale, spike, spear, gore, spit, stab, pink, puncture, lance, stick, prick, riddle, punch ; stave in. cut a passage through ; make -way, - room- for. im-cover, -close, -rip ; lay -, cut -, rip -, throw- open. Adj. open; perforated &c. v.; perforate; wide open, ajar; mi- closed, -stopped ; oscitant, gaping, yawning ; patent. tubular, cannular, fistulous ; per-vious, -meable ; foraminous ; vesi-, vas-cular ; porous, follicular, cribriform, honeycombed, infundibular, riddled ; tubul-ous, -ated. opening &c. v.; aperient. Znt. open sesame ! 262. Perforator. — X. perforator, piercer, borer, auger, gimlet, stylet, drill, wimble, awl, bradawl, scoop, terrier, corkscrew, dibble, trocar, trepan, probe, bodkin, needle, stiletto, rimer, warder, lancet ; punch, -eon ; spikebit, gouge ; spear &c. {iceapon) 727. 263. Stopper. — w. stopper, stop- ple ; plug, cork, bung, spike, spill, stop- cock, tap ; rammer ; ram, -rod ; piston ; stop-gap ; wadding, stuffing, padding, stopping, dossil, pledget, tompion, tour- niquet. cover kc. 223 ; valve, vent-peg, spigot. janitor, doorkeeper, porter, warder, beadle, Cerberus. Section IV. MOTIOK 1°. Motion in General. 264. [Successive change of place.*] MCotion. — ifl". motion, movement, move ; going &c. v. ; unrest. stream, flow, flux, run, course, stir ; evolution ; kinematics. 265. Quiescence. — w. rest; still- ness &c. adj. ; quiescence ; stag-nation, -nancy; fixity, immobility, catalepsy; indisturbance ; quietism. quiet, tranquillity, calm ; repose &c. * A thing cannot be said to mov from one place to another, unless it passes in suc- cession through every intermediate place; hence motion is only such a change of place as is successive. ' Kapid, swift, &c., as thought ' are therefore incorrect expressions. 78 II. IV. 1°. MOTION. 264—267. step, rate, pace, tread, stride, gait, port, footfall, cadence, carriage, velocity, angular velocity ; progress, locomotion ; journey &c. 266 ; voyage &:c. 267 ; tran- sit &c. 270. restlessness &c. {changeahleness) 149 ; mobility ; movableness, motive power ; laws of motion ; mobilization. V. be -in motion kc. adj. ; move, go, hie, gang, budge, stir, pass, flit ; hover -round, - about ; shift, slide, glide; roll, - on ; flow, stream, run, drift, sweep along ; wander &c. {deviate) 279 ; walk ka. 266 •, change -, shift- one s -place, - quarters ; dodge ; keep -going, - moving. put -, set- in motion ; move ; impel &c. 276 ; propel &c. 284; render movable, mobilize. Adj. moving &c. v. ; in motion ; tran- sitional ; motory, motive ; shifting, mov- able, mobile, mercurial, unquiet ; restless &c. {changeable) 149; nomadic &c. 266; erratic &c. 279. Adv. under way; on the -move, - wing, - tramp, - march. 687 ; peace ; dead calm, anticyclone ; statue-like repose ; silence &c. 403 ; not a -breath of air, - mouse stirring ; sleep &c. {inactivity) 683. pause, lull &c. {cessation) 142 ; stand, - still ; standing still &c. v. ; lock ; dead -lock, - stop, - stand ; full stop ; fix ; embargo. resting-place; bivouac; home &c. {abode) 189; pillow &c. {sujyport) 215; haven &c. {refuge) 666 ; goal &c. {aii'i- val) 292. V. be -quiescent &c. adj. ; stand -, lie- ! still ; keep quiet, repose, hold the breath. ! remain, stay;* stand, lie to, ride at ! anchor, remain in situ, mark time ; ; bring -, heave -, lay- to ; pull -, draw- up ; hold, halt ; stop, - short ; rest, pause, anchor ; cast -,come to an- anchor ; rest on one's oars ; repose on one's laurels, take breath; stop &c. {discmitinue) 142. stagnate; quietanonmove^'e; let-alone, - well alone ; abide, rest and be thank- ful ; keep within doors, stay at home, go to bed. dwell &c. {be p-esent) 1 86 ; settle &c. (be located) 1 84 ; ahght &c. {arrive) 292. stick, - fast ; stand, - like a post ; not stir a -peg, - step ; be at a -stand &c. n. quell, becalm, hush, stay, lull to sleep, lay an embargo on. Adj. quiescent, still ; motion-, move-less ; fixed ; stationary ; at -rest, - a stand, - a stand-still, - anchor ; stock-still ; standing still »S:c, V. ; sedentary, untravelled, stay-at-home ; becalmed, stagnant, qui^t ; un-moved, -disturbed, -unruflBed ; calm, restful ; cataleptic ; immovable &c. {stable) 1 50 ; sleeping &c. {inactive) 683 ; silent &c. 403 ; still as -a statue, - a post, - a mouse, - death. Adv. at a stand &c. adj. ; tout court ; at the halt. Int. stop ! stay ! avast ! halt ! hold hard ! woa ! Phr. requiescat in pace. 266. [Locomotion by land.] Jour- ney. — M". travel; travelling &c. v. wayfaring, campaigning. journey, excursion, expedition, tour, trip, grand tour, circuit, peregrination, discursion, ramble, pilgrimage, course, ambulation, march, wallv, promenade, constitutional, stroll, saunter, tramp, jog-trot, turn, stalk, perambulation ; noc- tambulation ; somnambulism ; outing, ride, drive, airing, jaunt. equitation, horsemanship, riding, ma- nege, ride and tie. roving, vagrancy, pererration ; marqh- ing and countermarching ; nomadism ; vagabond-ism, -age ; gadding; flit, -ting; 267. [Locomotion by water, or air,] Navig'ation. — m. navigation; aqua- tics ; boating, yachting ; ship &c. 273 ; oar, paddle, screw, sail, canvas. natation, swimming ; fin, flipper, fish's tail. aero-station, -statics, -nautics ; bal- loonry; balloon &c. 273; flying, flight, volitation ; wing, pinion. voyage, sail, cruise, passage, circum- navigation, periplus; head-, stern-, lee- way. mariner &c. 269. v. sail ; put to sea &c. {depart) 293 ; take ship, get under way ; spread -sail, - canvas; gather way, have way on* 79 Z€€—Z6S). SPACE. II. IV. i". make -, carry- sail ; plough the -waves, - deep, - main, - ocean ; walk the waters, navigate, warp, lufF, scud, boom, kedge ; drift, course, cruise, coast ; hug the -shore, -land ; circumnavigate. ply the oar, row, paddle, pull, scull, punt, steam. swim, float ; buffet the waves, ride the storm, skim, effieui-er, dive, wade. fly, be wafted, hover, soar, flutter ; take -wing, - a flight ; wing one's -flight, - way. Adj. sailing &c. v. ; volant, aerostatic ; seafaring, nautical, maritime, naval ; sea-going, coasting ; afloat ; navigable. Adv. under -way, - sail, - canvas, - steam ; on the wing. migration; e-, im-, de-, inter-migra- tion. plan, itinerary, guide ; hand-, road- book ; Baedeker, Bradshaw, Murray. procession, cavalcade, caravan, flle, cortege, column. [Organs and instruments of locomo- tion] vehicle &c. 272 ; locomotive ; legs, feet, pegs, pins, trotters. traveller &c. 268. V. travel, journey, course ; take -,go- a journey ; take -, go out for- -a walk &c. n. ; have a run ; take the air. flit, take wing ; migrate, emigrate ; rove, prowl, roam, range, patrol, pace up and down, traverse ; scour -, traverse- the country ; peragrate ; per-, circum- ambulate ; nomadize, wander, ramble, stroll, saunter, hover, go one's rounds, straggle ; gad, - about ; expatiate. walk, march, step, tread, pace, plod, wend ; promenade ; trudge, tramp ; stalk, stride, straddle, strut, foot it, stump, bundle, bowl along, toddle ; paddle ; tread a path. take horse, ride, drive, trot, amble, canter, prance, lisk, frisk, cara- coler ; gallop &c. {move quickly) 274. peg -, jog-, wag -, shuffle- on ; stir one's stumps ; bend one's -steps, - course ; make -, And -, wend -, pick -, thread -, plough- one's way ; slide, glide, skim, skate ; march in procession, file ofl', defile. go -, repair -, resort -, hie -, betake oneself- to. Adj. travelling &c. v. ; ambulatory, itinerant, peripatetic, roving, rambling, gadding, discursive, vagrant, migratory, nomadic ; circum- forane-an, -ous ; nocti-, mundi-vagant ; locomotive. way-faring, -worn ; travel-stained. Adv. on -foot, - horseback, - Shanks's mare ; by the Marrowbone stage ; in transitu &c. 270 ; en route «&c. 282. Int. come alonj? ! 268. Traveller.— N. traveller, wayfarer, voyager, itinerant, passenger. tourist, excursionist, globe-trotter ; explorer, adventurer, mountaineer, Al- pine Club; peregrinator, wanderer, rover, straggler, rambler ; bird of pas- sage ; gad-about, -ling ; vagrant, scat- terling, landloper, waifs and estrays, wastrel, foundling ; loafer ; tramp, -er ; vagabond, nomad, Bohemian, gipsy, Arab, Wandering Jew, Hadji, pilgrim, palmer ; peripatetic ; somnambulist ; emigrant, fugitive, refugee. runner, courier ; Mercury, Iris, Ariel, comet. pedestrian, walker, fcot-passenger. rider, horseman, equestrian, cavalier, jockey, rough rider, trainer, breaker. driver, coachman, whip, Jehu, charioteer, postilion, post-boy, carter, waggoner, drayman; cab-man, -driver; vo{turier,vetturino,condottiere; engine-driver ; stoker, fireman, guard. 80 269. mariner. — u. sailor, mari- ner, navigator ; sea-man, -farer, -faring, man; tar, jack tar, salt, able seaman, A.B. ; man-of-war's m'an, bluejacket, marine, jolly; midshipman, middy; skip- per ; ship-, boat-, ferry-, water-, lighter-, barge-, longshore- man ; bargee, gondo- lier ; oar-, -sman ; rower ; boat-, cock- swain; coxwain ; steersman, pilot ; crew. aerial navigator, aeronaut, balloonist, Icarus. n. lY. 1°. MOTION. 270—273. 270. Transference.— XT. transfer, -ence; trans-, e-location ; displacement ; metastasis, -thesis ; removal ; re-, a-motion : relegation ; de-, as-portation ; extradition, conveyance, draft ; carrying, carriage ,• con- vection, -duction, -tagion; transfer &c. (o/'^o/jer^y) 783. transit, transition ; passage, ferry, gestation ; portage, porterage, carting, cartage ; shovelling &c. v. ; vect-ion, -m-e, -itation ; shipment, freight, wafture ; trans-mission, -port, -portation, -umption, -plantation, -lati'on; asportation ; shift-, dodg-ing ; dispersion &c. 73 ; transposition &c. {inter- chanr/e) 148 ; traction kc. 285. [Thing transferred] drift. V. trans-fer, -mit, -port, -place, -plant ; convey, carry, bear, fetch and carry ; carry -, ferry- over ; hand, pass, forward ; 'shift ; 'conduct, convov, bring, fetch, reach. send, delegate, consign, relegate, turn over to, deliver ; ship, embark ; waft ; shunt ; transpose &c. {interchange) 148 ; displace &c. 185 ; throw &c. 284; drag &c. 285. shovel, ladle, decant, draft off, transfuse. Adj. transferred .^'c. i\\ drifted: movable; port-able, -ative ; contagious. Adv. from -hand to hand, - pillar to post. on -, by- the way; on the -road, - wing ; as one goes ; in transitu, en route, chemin faisant, en passant, in mid-progi'ess. 271. Carrier. — u. carrier, porter, bearer tranter, conveyer j stevedore ; coolie ; conductor, locomotive. beast of burden, cattle, horse, steed, nag, palfrey, Arab, blood horse, thorough-bred, galloway, charger, courser, racer, hunter, jument, pony, filly, colt, foal, barb, roan, jade, hack, hidet, pad, cob, tit, punch, roadster, goer ; race-, pack-, draft-, cart-, dray-, post-horse : ketch, sheltie ; garran, garron ; jennet, genet, bayard, mare, stallion, gelding ; stud. Pegasus, Bucephalus, Koziuante. ass, donkey, jackass, mule, hinny; sumpter -horse, - mule; reindeer; camel, dromedary, llama, elephant : carrier pigeon. carriage «!tc. {vehicle) 272 ; ship Sec. 273. Adj. equine, asinine. 272. Vehicle. — n. vehicle, con- ' 273. Ship. — KT. ship, veasel, sail; Tevance, carriage, caravan, van ; wagon, craft, bottom, waggon, wain, dray, cart. i navy, marine, fleet, flotilla; shipping. carriole ; slediie, sled, sleigh, truck, ', man of war &c. (combatant) 726 ; tram: limber, tumbrel, pontoon; barrow; transport, tender, store-ship; merchant wheel-, hand-barrow; perambulator: ship, merchantman; packet; whaler, Bath-, wheel-, sedan-chair; chaise; slaver, collier, coaster, lighter; fishing palan-kepn,-quin; litter, brancard, crate, -, pilot- boat ; trawler, hulk ; yacht. hurdle,stretcher, ambulance; velocipede, ship, bark, barque, brig, snow, her- hobby-hoise, go-cart; bi-, tri- cycle; maphrodite brig; brig-, bark-antine ; skate. • " I schooner ; topsail -, fore and aft -, three equipage, turn-out ; coach, chariot, masted- schooner ; chasse-maree ; sloop, chaise, phaeton, break, mail-phaeton, cutter, corvette, clipper, foist, yawl, waggoneit^-, drag, curricle, tilbury, dandy, ketch, smack, lugger, barge, hoy, whisky, landau, barouche, victoria, cat, buss ; sail-er, -ing vessel ; steam-er, brougham, clarenr'e, calash, caVeche, -boat, -ship ; paddle -, screw- steamer ; britz~ka, araha, kibitka : berlin ; sulky, tug ; line of steamers &c. desobligeant, sociable, vis-a-vis, donneuse ; boat, pinnace, launch : life-, long-, jauiitinir - , outside- car. 1 jolly-, bum-, fly-, cock-, ferry-, canal- post-cb ise; diligence, stage; stage -, boat; shallop, gig, funny, skifJ", dingy, mail . li.ickuey -, glass- coaxih ; stage- scow, cockle-shell, wherry, coble, punt, Si g 272—275. SPACE. II. IT. I' wagf^on ; car, omnibus, fly, cabriolet, cab, hansom, shofle, four-wheeler, growler, droshkif drosky. dog-cart, trap, whiteehapel, buggy, four-in-hand, unicorn, random, tandem ; shandredhan, char-a-hanc. train ; passenger -, express -, special -, parliamentary -, luggage -, goods- train ; 1st-, 2ud-, 3rd-class- -train, - carriage, - compartment ; Pullman -, sleeping- car ; rolling stock ; horse-box, cattle-truck. shovel, spoon, spatula, ladle, hod, hoe ; spade, spaddle, loy ; spud ; pitchfork. cog, kedge, lerret ; eight-, four-, pair-oar ; randan ; outrigger ; float, raft, pontoon ; prame. catamaran, coracle, gondola, carvel, caravel ; felucca, caique, canoe ; trireme ; galley, -foist ; bilander, dogger, hooker, howker; argosy, carack ; galliass, gal- leon ; galliot, polacca, polacre, tartane, junk, lorcha, praam, proa, prahu, saick, sampan, xebec, dhow ; dahabeah ; nuggah. balloon ; air ~, pilot -, fire- balloon ; aerostat, Montgolfier ; kite, parachute. Adv. afloat, aboard ; on -board, - ship board. 2°. Degrees of Motioi^. 274. Velocity.-»l. velocity, speed, celerity, swiftness &c. adj. ; rapidity, eagle speed; expedition &c. (activity) 682 ; pernicity ; acceleration ; haste &c. 684. spurt, rush, dash, race, steeple-chase ; smart -, lively -, swift t&c. adj. -, rat- tling -, spanking -, strapping- -rate, - pace ; round pace ; flying, flight, gallop, canter, trot, round trot, run, scamper ; hand -, full- gallop ; amble. lightning, light, electricity, wind ; cannon-ball, rocket, arrow, dart, quick- silver ; telegraph, express train ; torrent. eagle, antelope, courser, race-horse, gazelle, greyhound, hare, doe, squirrel. Mercury, Ariel, Camilla, Harlequin. [Measurement of velocity] log, -line. V. move quicldy, trip, fisk ; speed, hie, hasten, post, spank, scuttle ; scud, -die ; scour, - the plain ; scamper; run, - like mad ; fly, race, run a race, cut away, shoot, tear, whisk, sweep, skim, brush ; cut -, bowl- along ; rush &c. {he violent) 173 ; dash -on, - ofl", -forward ; bolt; trot, gallop, amble, troll, bound, flit, spring, dart, boom ; march in -quick, - double- time ; ride hard, get over the ground. hurry &c. {hasten) 684; accelerate, put on ; quicken ; quicken -, mend- one's pace ; clap spurs to one's horse ; make -haste, - rapid strides, - forced marches, - the best of one's way ; put one's best leg foremost, stir one's stumps, wing one's way, set ofl* at a score ; carry -, crowd- sail; go off* like a shot, go ahead, gain ground ; outstrip the wind, fly on the wings of the wind. 82 275. Slowness. — w. slowness &c. adj. ; languor &c. {inactivity) 683 ; drawl ; creeping &c. v., lentor. retardation ; slackening &c. v. ; delay ♦fee. {lateness) 1 2,3 ; claudication. jog-, dog-trot; mincing steps; slow -march, - time. slow -goer, - coach, - back ; lingerer, loiterer, sluggard, tortoise, snail,; dawdle &c. {inactive) 683. V. move -slowly &c. adv. ; creep, crawl, lag, slug, drawl, linger, loiter, saunter ; plod, trudge, stump along, kuu- ber ; trail, drag : dawdle &c. {he inactive) 683 ; grovel, worm one's way, steal along ; jog -, rub -, bundle- on ; toddle, waddle, wabble, slug, traipse, slouch, shuffle, halt, hobble, limp, claudicate, shamble ; flag, falter, totter, stagger ; mince, step short ; march in -slow time^ - funeral procession ; take one's time ; hang fire &:c. {he late) 133. retard, relax ; slacken, check, moder- ate, rein in, curb ; reef ; strike -, shorten -, take in- sail ; put on the drag, apply the break ; clip the wings ; reduce the speed ; slacken -speed, - one's pace ; lose ground. Adj. slow, slack ; tardy ; dilatory kc. (inactive) 683 ; gentle, easy ; leisurely ; deliberate, gradual ; insensible, imper- ceptible ; languid, sluggish, slow-paced, tardigrade, snail-like ; creeping &c. v. Adv. slowly &c. adj. ; leisurely ; /?/- ano, adayio ; largo, larghetto ; at half speed, under easy sail ; at a -foot's, - snail's, - funeral- pace ; in slow time ; with -mincing steps, - clipped wings ; haud passihus acquis. II. IV. 3°. MOTIOX. Zl^-Zll, fri-adually &c. adj. ; gradatim ; by -de- grees, -slow degrees, - inches, - little and little ; step by step ; inch by inch, bit by bit, little by little, seriatim \ consecu- tively. keep -up, - pace- with ; outstrip &c. Adj. fast, speedy, swift, rapid, quick, fleet ; nimble, agile, expeditious ; ex- press ; active &c. 682 ; flying, galloping &c. V. ; light-, nimble-footed ; winged, j eagle-winged, mercurial, electric, tele- j graphic ; light-legged, light of heel ; | swift as -an arrow &c. n. ; quick as -lightning &c. n., - thought.* Adv. swiftly &c. adj. ; with -speed &c. n. ; apace ; at -a great rate, - full speed, - railway speed ; full -drive, - gallop ; post-haste, in full sail, tantivy ; trippingly; instantaneously &c. 113. under press of -sail, - canvas, - sail and steam ; velis et remis, on eagle's wing, in double quick time ; with -rapid, - giant- strides ; iijms de geant ; in seven league boots ; whip and spur ; ventre a terre ; as fast as ones -legs, - heels- will carr}' one ; as fast as one can lay legs to the ground, at the top of one's speed ; with haste &c. 684. Phr. vires acquirit eundo. 276. Impulse. — ir. impulse, im- pulsion, impetus ; momentum ; push, pulsion, thrust, shove, jog, jolt, brunt, booming, throw ; explosion &c. {violence) 173; propulsion &c. 284. percussion, concussion, collision, oc- MOTIOX COXJOIXED WITH FOKCE. 277. Recoil cursion, clash, encounter, cannon, caram- pulse ; return N". recoil; re-, re- tro-action ; revulsion : rebound, ricochet ; re-percussion, -calcitration; kick, contrc- coujj ; springing back &c. v. ; elasticity &c. 325; reflexion, reflex, reflux ; rever- beration &c. (resonance) 40S ; rebufi*, re- bole, appulse, shock, crash, bump ; im- pact ; elan; charge &c. (attack) 716; beating &c, (punis/wient) 972. blow, dint, stroke, knock, tap, rap, slap, smack, pat, dab ; fillip ; slam, bang ; hit, whack, thwack ; cuft' &c. 972; squash, ducks and drakes ; boomerang ; spring ; reactionist. V. recoil, react ; s prmc flv bound- back ; rebound, reverberate, re- percuss, recalcitrate. Adj. recoiling &c. v. ; re-fluent, -per- dowse, whap, swap, punch, thump, pelt, cussive, -calcitrant, -actionary ; retro- on the -recoil &;c. n. kick, punce, calcitration ; 9'uade ; ariet- active, ation ; cut, thrust, lunge, yerk. Adv. hammer, sledge-hammer, mall, maul, mallet, flail ; ram, -mer ; battering-ram, monkey, pile-driving engine, punch, bat; cudgel &c. (iveajjon) 727 ; axe &c. (s/iarj)) 253. [Science of mechanical forces] Dynamics ; seismometer. V. give an -impetus &c. n. ; impel, push ; start, give a start to, set going ; drive, urge, boom ; thrust, prod, foin ; cant ; elbow, shoulder, jostle, justle, hustle, hurtle, shove, jog, jolt, encounter; run-, bump -, butt- against ; knock -, run- one's head against ; impinge. strike, knock, hit, tap, rap, slap, flap, dab, pat, thump, beat, bang, slam, dash ; punch, thwack, whack ; hit -, strike- hard : swap, batter, dowse, baste ; pelt, patter, buflet, belabour ; fetch one a blow ; poke at, pink, lunge, yerk ; kick, calcitrate ; butt ; strike at &c. (attack) 716 ; whip &c. {punish) 972. come -, enter- into collision ; collide ; foul ; fall -, run- foul of. throw &c (projjel) 284. Adj. impelling &c. v. ; im-pulsive, -pellent ; booming ; dynamic, -al ; impelled &c. v. * See note on 264. 83 6 2 278—281. SPACE. 11. IV. 4°, 4°. Motion with ref 278. Direction.— M". direction, i ■ bearing, course, set, drift, tenour ; ten- j dencv Sec. 176; incidence; bending, trending &c. v. ; dip, tack, aim, colli- mation ; steer-ing, -age. point of the compass, cardinal points ; North, Efist, South, West; N by E, ENE, NE by N, NE, kc. ; rhumb, azi- muth, line of collimation. line, path, road, range, quarter, line of march ; a-, al-lignment. V. tend -, bend -, point- towards ; conduct -, go- to ; point -to, - at ; bend, trend, verge, incline, dip, determine. 8te9r -, make- -for, - towards ; aim -, level- at; take aim; keep -, hold- a course ; be bound for; bend one's steps towards ; direct -, steer -, bend -, shape- one's course ; align -,allign- one's march ; go straight, - to the point ; march -on, - on a point. ascertain one's -direction &c. n. ; s'or?- entc7', see which way the wind blows ; box the compass. Adj. directed Sec. v., - towards ; pointing towards &c. v.; bound for; a- ligned -, alligned- with; direct, straight; un- deviating, -swerving; straightfor- ward ; North, -ern, -erly, &c. 71. Adv. towards ; on the -road, - high road- to ; versus, to ; hither, thither, whither ; directly ; straight, - forwards, - as an arrow ; point blank ; in a -di- rect, - straight- line -to, - for, - with ; in a line with ; full tilt at, as the crow flies. before -, near -, close to -, against- the wind ; windwards, in the wind's eye. through, via, by way of; in all -di- rections, - manner of ways ; quaqua- versum, from the four winds. 280. [Going before.] Precession. — W. precession, leading, heading; pre- cedence (fee. 62 ; priority &c. 116; the lead, le pas ; van &c. (front) 234 ; pre- cursor &c. 64. V. go -before, - ahead, - in the van, ^ in advance ; precede, forerun ; usher in, introduce, herald, head, take the lead ; lead, - the way, - the dance ; get -, have- the start; steal a march ; get -be- fore, - ahead, - in front of ; outstrip &c. 303 ; take precedence &c. (Jirst in order) 62. 84 ERENCE TO DiRECTIOX. 279. Deviation.— ir. deviation; swerving &c. v. ; obliquation, warp, re- fraction ; flection, flexion ; sweep ; de- flection, -flexure ; declination. diversion, digression, departure from, aberration; divergence &c. 291; zig- zag ; detour ifcc. (circuit) 629, [Desultory motion] wandering Sec. V.', vagrancy, evagation; by-paths and crooked ways. [Motion sideways, oblique motion] sidling &c. v. ; knight's move at chess. v. alter one's course, deviate, depart from, turn, trend ; bend, curve &c. 245 ; swerve, heel, bear off". intervert ; deflect ; divert, - from its course ; put on a new scent, shift, shunt, wear, draw aside, crook, warp. stray, straggle ; sidle ; diverge &c. 291 ; tralineate, digress, wander ; wiud„ twist, meander ; veer, tack ; turn -aside, - a corner, - away from ; wheel, steer clear of; ramble, rove, drift; go -astray. - adrift ; yaw, dodge ; step aside, ease off", make way for, shy. fly ofl* at a tangent ; glance off" ; wheel -, face- about ; turn -, face- to the right about; wabble &c. (oscillate) 314; go out of one's way &c. (perform a circuit) 629 ; lose one's way. Adj. deviating &c. v. ; aberrant, er- rant ; ex-, dis-cursive ; devious, desul- tory, loom ; rambling ; stray, erratic, vagrant, uudireated : circuitous, indirect, zigzag ; crab-like. Adv. astray from, round about, wide of the mark ; to the right about ; all manner of ways ; circuitously Sec. 629. obliquely, sideling, like the move of the knight on a chessboard. 281. [Going after.] Sequence.-ir. sequence ; coming after &c. (order) 63 ; (time) 117; following ; pursuit &c. 622. follower, attendant, satellite, shadow, dangler, train. V. ft)llow ; pursue &c. 622 ; go -, fly- after. attend, beset, dance attendance on, dog ; tread -in the steps of, - close upon ; be -, go -, follow- in the -wake, -trail, - rear- of ; follow as a shadow, hang on the skirts of ; tread -, follow- on the heels of. lag, get behind. II. ly. 4°. MOTIOX. 280—285. Adj. leading &c. v. | Adj. following &c. v. Adv. in advance, before, ahead, in ; Adv. behind; in the -rear &c. 235, the van; fore-, liead-most; in front. , - train of, - wake of; after «S:c. {order) Phr. seniores priores. i 63, (time) 117. 282. [Motion forwards ; progressive motion.] Frogression. — w. pro- gress, -ion, -iveness ; advancing kc. r. ; advance, -ment ; ongoing ; llood-tide, headway; march &C.266; rise; improve- ment Sec. 658. V. advance ; proceed, progre.-s ; get -on, - along, - over the ground ; gain ground; jog -, rub -, wag- on ; go with the stream; keep -, hold on- one's course : go -, move -, come -, get -, pass -, push 283. [Motion backwards.] Re- gression. — W. regre?s, -ion ; retro- cession, -gression, -gradatio:-:, -action; 7'eculade ; retreat, withdrawal, retire- ment, re-migration; recession Sec. (?;?t>- tion from) 287 ; i-ecess ; crab-like mo- tion. re-fluence, -flux ; backwater, regur- gitation, ebb, return ; resilience ; re- llexion {recoil) 277 ; volte-face. counter -motion,- movement, -march ; veering,tergiversation,recidivation,back- -, press- -on, - forward, - forwards, - ahead ; press onwards, step forward ; sliding, fall ; deterioration Sec. 659. make -, work -, carve -, push -, force -, j turning-point See. {reversion) 145. edge -, elbow- one's way; make -pro- | V. re-cede, -grade, -turn, -vert, -trp at, gress, - head, - "way, - headway, - ad- | -tire ; retro-grade, -cede ; back, - out ; vances, - strides, - rapid strides Sec. j withdraw; rebound »S:c. 277; go-, come {velocity) 274 ; go -, shoot- ahead ; dis- -, turn -, hark -, draw -, fall -, get tance ; make up leeway Adj. advancing &c. v.; pro-gressive, -fluent ; advanced. Adv. forward, onward ; forth, on, ahead, under way, en route for, on -one's way, - the way, - the road, - the high road- to ; in -progress, - mid progress ; in ti'ansitu Sec. 270. Phr. vestigia nulla rctrorsum. put -, run- back ; lose ground ; fall -, drop- astern ; back water, put about ; veer, - round ; double, wheel, counter- march; ebb, regurgitate; jib, shrink, shy. turn -tail, - round, - upon one's heel^ - one's back upon ; retrace one's steps, dance the back step ; sound -, beat- a retreat ; go home. Adj. receding Sec. v.\ retro-grade, -gressive ; re-gressive, -fluent, -flex, -cidivous, -silient ; erab-hke ; reaction- ary Sec. 277, Adv. back, -wards ; rcflexively, to the right about ; a reculons, a rehours. Phr. revenons a nos moutons, as you were. 284. [Motion given to an object situated in front.] Propulsion. — w. pro-pulsion, -jection ; ris a tergo ; push &c. {impulse) 276 ; e-, jaculation ; ejec- tion Sec. 297 ; throw, fling, toss, shot, discharge, shy, [Science of propulsion] projectiles, ballistics, archery. missile, projectile, ball, discua, quoit, brickbat, shot ; arrow, gun, &c, {arms) 727, shooter, shot ; archer, toxophilite ; bow-, rifle-, marks-man ; good -, crack- batant) 726, V. propel, project, throw, fling, cast, shy, hurl ; flirt, tillip. 285. [Motion given to an object situated behind.] Traction. — X. traction ; drawing Sec. v. ; draught, pull, haul; rake ; 'a long pull a strong pull and a pull all together '; towage, haulage. "V. draw, pull, haul, lug, ralve, drag, tug, tow, trail, train ; take in tow, wrench, jerk, twitch, touse. Adj. drawing &c. v.; tractile. shot; sharpshooter Sec. {ccrn- pitch, chuck, toss, jerk, heave, S5 284—291. SPACE. 11. IV. 4°. dart, lance, tilt; e-, jaculate; fulminate, bolt, drive, sling, pitch- fork. send ; send -, let -, fire- off; discharge, shoot ; launch, send forth, let fly; dash. put -, set- in motion ; set agoing, start ; give -a start, - an impulse- to ; impel &c. 276 ; trundle &c. {set in rotation) 312 ; expel &c. 297. carry one off one's legs ; put to iiiglit. Adj. propelled &c. v. ; propelling &c. v. ; pro-pulsive, -jectile. 286. [Motion towards.] Ap- proacli. — w. approach, approxima- tion, appropinquation ; access ; appulse ; afflux, -ion; advent &c. {approach of time) 121 ; pursuit &c. 622. V. approach, approximate ; near ; get -, go -, draw- near ; come, - near, - to close quarters ; move -, set in- towards ; drift ; make up to ; gain upon ; pursue &c. 622 ; tread on the heels of ; bear up ; make the land ; hug the -shore, - land. Adj. approaching &;c. v. ; approxima- tive; affluent; impending, imminent, &c. {destined) 152. Adv. on the road. 287. [Motion from.] Recession. — N". recession, retirement, withdrawal ; retreat ; retrocession &c. 283 ; departure, &c. 293 ; recoil &c. 277 ; flight &c. {c- voidance) 623. V. recede, go, move from, retire, withdraw, shrink ; come -, move -, go -, get -, drift- away ; depart &c. 293 ; retreat &c. 283 ; move -, stand -, sheer- oft' ; fall back, stand aside ; run awaj' &c. {avoid) 623. remove, shunt. Adj. receding &c. v. Int. come hither ! approach ! here ! come ! come near ! 288. [Motion towards, actively.] Attraction. — wr. attract-ion, -ive- ness ; drawing to, pulling towards, ad- duction, magnetism, gravity, attraction of gravitation. load-stone, -star ; magnet, siderite. V. attract ; draw -, pull -, drag- to- wards; adduce. Adj. attracting &c. v. ; attralient, at- tractive, adducent, adductive. 290. [Motion nearer to.] Con- verg'ence. — iff. con-vergence, -flu- ence, -course, -flux, -gress, -currence, -centration ; appulse, meeting ; corradia- tion. assemblage &c. 72 ; resort &c. {focus) 74 ; asymptote. V. converge, concur ; come together, unite, meet, fall in with ; close -with, - in upon ; centre -round, - in ; enter in ; pour in. gather together, unite, concentrate, bring into a focus. Adj. converging &c. v. ; con-vergent, -fluent, -current ; centripetal ; asymp- totical. 86 289. [Motion from, actively.] Re- pulsion. — W. repulsion ; driving from &c. V. ; repulse ; abduction. V. repel ; push -, drive -, &c. 276- from ; chase, dispel ; retrude ; abduce, abduct ; send away. keep at arm's length, turn one's back upon, give the cold shoulder ; send -oft\ - away- with a flea in one's ear. Adj. repelling &c. v.; repellant, re- pulsive ; abducent, abductive. 291. [Motion further off.] Di- verg'ence. — lH". diverg-ence, -ency ; divarication, ramification, radiation ; separation &c. {disjunction) 44 ; disper- sion &c. 72 I deviation &c. 279; aberra- tion. V. diverge, divaricate, radiate ; ram- ify ; branch -, glance -, file- off ; fly ofl', - at a tangent ; spread, scatter, dis- perse &c. y^ ; deviate &c. 279 ; part &c. {separate) 44. Adj. diverging &c. v. ; divergent, radiant, centrifugal ; aberrant. II. IV. 4°. MOTION. 292—295. 292. [Terminal motion at.] Arri- val. — JT. arrival, advent ; landing; de-, disem-barcation ; reception, welcome, vin dlionneur. home, goal; landing-place, -stage; resting-place ; destination, harbour, ha- ven, port ; terminus ; halting -place, - ground ; anchorage &c. {refuge) 666. return, recursion, remigration ; meet- ing ; ren-, en-counter. completion &c. 729. V. arrive ; get to, come to ; come ; reach, attain ; come up, - with,- to ; over- take ; make, fetch; complete &c. 729; join, rejoin. light, alight, dismount ; land, go ashore ; debark, disembark ; put -in, - into ; visit, cast anchor, pitch one's tent ; sit down &c. {be located) 184; get to one's journey's end ; make the land ; be in at the death ; come -, get- -back, - home ; return ; come in &c. {ingress) 294 ; make one's appearance &c. (r{/> pear) 446 ; drop in ; detrain ; outspan. come to hand ; come -at, - across ; hit ; come -, light -, pop -, bounce -, plump -, burst -, pitch- upon ; meet ; en-, ren-counter ; come in contact. Adj. arriving &c. v.-, homeward- bound. Adv. here, hither. Int. welcome ! hail ! all hail ! good- day, - morrow ! well ! adieu ! good -bye, you, - speed ! 293. [Initial motion from.] Depar- ture. — N. departure, decessiou, de- campment; embarcation; outset, start; removal ; exit &c. {egress) 295 ; exodus, Hejira, flight. leave-taking, valediction, adieu, fare- well, good-bye ; stirrup-cup. starting-point, - post ; point-, place- of -departure, - embarcation ; port of embarcation. V. depart ; go, - away ; take one's departure, set out ; set -, march -, put -, start -, be -, move -, get -, whip -, pack -, go -, take oneself- off; start, issue, march out, debouch ; go -, sally- forth ; sally, set forward ; be gone. leave a place, quit, vacate, evacuate, abandon ; go off the stage, make one's i exit; retire, withdraw, remove ; go -one's j way, - along, - from home ; take -flight, : -^ wing ; spring, fly, flit, wing one s flight ; fly -, whip- away ; embark ; go -on board, - aboard ; set sail ; put -, go- to sea; sail, take ship ; hoist blue Peter ; I get under way, weigh anchor ; strike j tents, decamp ; walk one's chalks, cut i one's stick; take leave; say-,bid--good- I bye &c. n. ; disappear &c. 449 ; abscond j &c. {avoid ) 623 ; entrain ; inspan. Adj. departing &c. v,; valedictory; outward bound. Adv. whence, hence, thence ; with a foot in the stirrup ; on the -wing, - move. Int. begone! &c. {ejection) 297; fare- day ! au revoir ! fare you well ! God -bless 294:. [Motion into.] Zng^ress. — MT. ingress ; entrance, entry ; introgres- sion ; influx ; intrusion, inroad, incursion, invasion, irruption ; pene-, interpene-tra- tion ; illapse, import, infiltration ; im- migration ; admission &c. {reception) 296; insinuation &c. {interjacence) 228; insertion &c. 300. inlet; way in; mouth, door, &c. {opening) 260 ; path kc. {way) 627 ; conduit &c. 350; immigrant. V. have the entree ; enter ; go -, come -, pour -, flow -, creep -, slip -, pop -, break -, burst- -into, - in ; set foot on ; burst -, break- in upon ; in- vade, intrude ; insinuate itself ; inter-, penetrate ; infiltrate ; find one's way -, wriggle -, worm oneself- into. 295. [Motion out of.] Eg'ress. — x. egress, exit, issue ; emer-sion,-gence ; out- break, -burst ; e-, pro-ruption ; emanation ; evacuation ; ex-,trans-udatiou ; extrava- sation, perspiration, sweating, leakage, percolation, distillation, oozing ; gush &c. {ivater in motion) 348; outpour, -ing; effluence, effusion ; efflux, -ion ; drain ; dribbling &C.V. ; defluxion ; drainage; out- come, -put; discharge &c, {excretion) 299. export ; expatriation ; e-, re-migra- tion ; dehouche ; exodus &c. {departure) 293 ; emigrant. outlet, vent, spout, tap, sluice, flood- gate ; pore ; vomitory, out-gate, sally- port ; way out ; mouth, door, &c. {open- ing) 260 ; path &:c. {wag) 627 ; conduit i&c. 350; air-pipe &c. 351. 87 Z94k—Z9*J. SPACE. II. lY. 4°. give entrance to &c. {receive) 296 ; insert &c, 300. Adj. incoming. V. emerge, emanate, issue ; go -, come -, move -, pass -, pour -, flow- out of; pass oft', evacuate. ex-, trans-ude ; leak ; run, - out, - through; per-, traus-colate ; strain, dis- til ; perspire, sweat, drain, ooze ; filler, filtrate ; drihhle, gush, spout, flow out; well, - out; pour, trickle. Sec. {ivater in motion) 348 ; efluse, extra vasate, disembogue, discharge it- self, dehouch ; come -, break- forth ; burst -out, - through ; find vent ; escape &c, 671. Adj. eftused &c. v. ; outgoing. 296. [Motion into, actively.] Re- ception. — W. reception; admission, admittance, entree, importation ; intro- duction, -mission ; immission, ingestion, imbibation, absorption, ingurgitation, inhalation ; suction, sucking ; eating, drinking &c. {food) 298 ; insertion &c. 300 ; interjection &c. 228. V. give -entrance to, - admittance to, -tlie entree; intro-duce, -mit ; usher, ad- mit, receive, import, bring in, open the door to, throw open, ingest, absorb, im- bibe, inhale ; let -, take -, suck- in ; re- admit, -sorb, -absorb ; snufF up, swallow, ingurgitate ; engulph, engorge ; gulp ; eat, drink, &c. {food) 298. Adj. admit-ting k,c. v., -ted &c. v. ; ad- missible ; absorbent. 297. [Motion out of, actively.] Ejection. — W. ejection, emission, ef- fusion, rejection, expulsion, eviction, ex- trusion, trajection ; discharge. egestion, evacuation, vomition ; rue-, eruc-tation ; blood-letting, venesection, phlebotomy, paracentesis ; tapping, drainage ; clear-ance, -age. deportation ; banishment Sec. {jmnish- ment) 972 ; rogue's march ; relegation, extradition ; dislodgment. V. give -exit, - vent- to ; let -, give -, pour -, send- out ; des-, dis-patch ; ex- hale, excern, excrete ; secrete, secern ; tap, draw off; bale -, lade^ 88 extravasate, shed, void, evacuate ; emit ; open the -sluices, - floodgates ; turn on the tap ; extrude, detrude ; eft use, spend, expend ; pour forth ; squirt, spirt, spill, slop ; perspire Sec. (exude) 295 ; breathe, Kow kc. {wind) 349. out ; let blood, broach, eject, reject ; expel, discard ; cut, send to Coventry, boycott ; chasser ; banish &c. {punish) 972 ; throw kc. 284 -out, - up, - off, - away, - aside ; push &c. 276 -out, - oft', - away, - aside ; shovel-, sweep- -out, - away ; brush -, whisk -, turn -, send- -oft', - away ; discharge ; send -, turn -, cast- adrift ; turn -, bundle- out; throw overboard; give the sack to ; send -packing, - about one's business, - to the right about ; strike off" the roll &c. {abrogate) 756 ; turn out -neck and heels, - head and shoulders, - neck and crop ; pack off; send away with a flea in the ear ; send to Jericho ; bow out, show the door to. " turn out of -doors, - house and home ; evict, oust ; un-house, -ken- nel ; dislodge ; un-, dis-people ; depopulate ; relegate, deport. empty; drain, -to the dregs; sweep off'; clear, - oft", - out, -~ away ; suck, draw oft"; clean out, make a clean sweep of, clear decks, purge. em-, dis-, disem-bowel; eviscerate, gut ; unearth, root -out, - up ; averruncate ; weed -, get- out ; eliminate, get rid of, do away with, shake off'; exenterate. vomit, spew, puke, keck, retch; belch,- out; cast -, bring- up ; I disgorge- ; expectorate, clear the throat, hawk, spit, sputter, splutter, slobber, drivel, slaver, slabber ; eructate, unpack, unlade, unload, unship ; break bulk, be let out ; ooze &c. {emer(jc) 295. II. IV. 4^ MOTION. 297—299. Adj. emitt-ing, -ed, &c. v. Int. begone ! get you gone ! get you! go your way! away,- with! off with you! go,"^- about your business ! be oft' ! avaunt ! arovnt ! along, - alons" with 299. Excretion. — w. excretion, discharge, emanation ; exhalation, exu- dation, extrusion, secretion, eftusion, extravasation, ecchymosis, evacuation, dejection, /<«ces, excrement ; perspiration, sweat; sub-, exud-ation ; diajj/ioresis ; sewage. saliva, spittle, rheum ; ptyalism, sali- vation, catarrh; diarrhoea; ejecta,egesia, sjmta ; excreta ; lava ; exuvice »&c. (w«- cleanness) 653. hemorrhage, bleeding ; outpouring &c. {egress) 295. v. excrete &c. {eject) 297 ; emanata &c. {come out) 295. 298. [Eating.] Food. — W. eating &c. V. ; deglutition, gulp, epulation, mastication, manducation, rumination ; hippo-, ichthyo-phagy; gluttony &C.957. mouth, jaws, mandible, mazard, chops. drinking &c. v. ; potation, draught, libation ; carousal Szc. {amusement) 840 ; drunkenness &c. 959. food, 2'tt^^lum ; aliment, nourishment, nutriment ; susten-ance, -tation ; nurture, subsistence, provender, fodder, provision, ration, keep, commons, board ; commis- sariat &c. {provision) 637 ; prey, forage, pasture, pasturage ; fare, cheer ; diet, -ary : regimen ; belly timber, stafi" of life ; bread, -and cheese. comestibles, eatables, victuals, edibles, ingest a ; grub, prog, meat; bread, -stuffs ; cerealia ; viands, cates, delicacy, dainty, creature comforts, contents of the larder, ffesh-pots ; festal board ; ambrosia ; good -cheer, - living. joint, j)iece de resistance, roast and boiled ; remove, entree^ entremet, hors d'ceunre ; releve, hash, i-echanjfc, stew, ragout, fricassee, mince ; pot- tage, potage, broth, soup, consomme, puree, spoon-meat ; pie, pasty, vol-au-vent ; pudding, omelet ; pastry ; sweets &c. 296 ; kickshaws ; condiment &c. 393. table, cuisine, bill of fare, menu, table d'hote, ordinary. meal, repast, feed, spread ; mess ; dish, plate, course ; regale ; regale-, refresh-, entertain-ment ; refection, collation, picnic, feast, banquet, junket ; breakfast ; lunch, -eon ; dejeuner, bever, tilHn, dinner, supper, snack, whet, bait, dessert ; potluck, table dlxUe, dejeuner ci la fourchette ; hearty -, square -, substantial -, full- -meal ; blow out ; light refreshment. mouthful, bolus, gobbet, morsel, sop, sippet. drink, beverage, liquor, broth, soup ; potion, dram, draught, drencli, swill ; nip, sip, sup, gulp. wine, spirits, liqueur, beer, ale, malt liquor, Sir John Barleycorn, stingo, heavy wet ; grog, toddy, flip, purl, punch, negus, cup, bishop, wassail : gin &c. {intoxicating liquor) 959 ; coffee, chocolate, cocoa, tea, the cup that cheers but not inebriates. eating-house Szc. 189. V. eat, feed, fare, devour, swallow, take ; gulp, bolt, snap ; fall to ; despatch, dispatch ; discuss ; take -, get -, gulp- down ; lay -, tuck- in ; lick, pick, peck ; gormandize &c. 957 ; bite, champ, munch, i cranch, craunch, crunch, chew, masticate, royne, nibble, gnaw, mumble. j live on ; feed -, batten -, fatten -, feast- upon ; browse, graze, crop, regale ; carouse &c. {mahe merry) 840 ; eat heartily, do justice to, play a good knife and fork, banquet. break -bread, - one's fast ; breakfast, lunch, dine, take tea, sup. drink, - in, - up, - one's fill ; quaff", sip, sup ; suck, - up ; lap ; swig ; swill, tipple &c. {he drunken) 959 ; empty one's g-ass, drain 89 298—304. SPACE. II. IV. 4° the cup ; toss -off, - one's glass ; wasli down, crack a bottle, wet one's whistle. purvey &c. 637. Adj. eatable, edible, esculent, comestible, alimentary ; cereal, cibarious ; dietetic ; culinary ; nutri-tive, -tious ; succulent ; pot-able, -ulent; bibulous. omn-, earn-, herb-, gran-, gramin-, phyt-ivorous ; ichthyophagous. 300. [Forcible ingress.] Inser- tion. — N. insertion, implantation, in- troduction ; insinuation &c. {interven- tion) 228; planting &c. v.; injection, inoculation, importation, infusion ; for- cible -ingress &c. 294 ; immersion ; sub- mer-sion, -gence ; dip, plunge ; bath &c. (zvater) 337 ; interment &c. 363. V. insert ; intro-duce, -mit ; put -, run- into ; import ; inject ; interject &c. 228 ; infuse, instil, inoculate, impregnate, imbue, imbrue. graft, ingraft, bud, plant, implant ; dovetail. obtrude ; thrust -, stick -, ram -, stuff -, tuck -, press -, drive -, pop -, whip -, drop -, put- in ; impact ; em- pierce &c. {make a hole) 260. imbed; immerse, immerge, merge; bathe, soak, &c. {loater) 337 ; dip, plunge &c. 310. bury &c. {inter) 363. insert &c.- itself; plunge in medias res. Adj. inserted &c. v. 302. [Motion through.] Passag^e. — N". passage, transmission ; per- meation; pene-, interpene-tration; transudation, infiltration; endos- mose, exosmose ; intercurrence ; ingress &c. 294 ; egress &c. 295 ; path &c. 627; conduit &c. 350; opening &c. 260; journey kc. 266; voyage &c. 267. V. pass, - through; perforate &c. {hole) 260; penetrate, permeate, thread, thrid, enfilade ; go -through, - across ; go -, pass- over ; cut across ; ford, cross ; pass and repass, work ; make -, thread -, worm -, force- one's way ; make -, force- a passage ; cut one's way through ; find its -way, - vent ; transmit, make way, clear the course ; traverse, go over the ground. Adj. passing &c. v. ; intercurrent. Adv. en i^assant «&c. {transit) 270. 301. [Forcible egress.] Extrac- tion. — U. extraction ; extracting &c. v.; removal, elimination, extrication, eradication, evolution. evulsion, avulsion ; wrench ; expres- sion, squeezing ; extirpation, extermina- tion; ejection &c. 297 ; export &ic.{e(jress) 295. extractor, corkscrew, forceps, pliers. V, extract, draw ; take -, draw -, pull -, tear -, pluck -, pick -, get- out ; wring from, wrench ; extort ; root -, weed -, grub -, rake- -up, - out ; eradi- cate ; pull -, pluck- up by the roots ; averruncate ; unroot ; uproot, pull up, extirpate, dredge. remove ; educe, elicit ; evolve extri- cate ; eliminate &c. {eject) 297 ; evisce- rate &c. 297. express, squeeze out. Adj. extracted &c. v. 303. [Motion beyond.] Transcur- sion. — M". trans-cursion, -ilience, -gres- sion ; trespass ; encroach-, infringe-ment ; extravagation, transcendence; redund- ance &C. 641. V. transgress, surpass, pass ; go- be- yond, - by ; show in -, come to the- ifront; shoot ahead of; steal a march-, gain- upon. over-step, -pass, -reach, -go, -ride, 90 304. [Motion short of.] Short- coming*. — W. shortcoming, failure ; falling short &c. ?;. ; de-fault, -falcation ; leeway; labour in vain, no go. incompleteness «fec. 53 ; imperfection &c. 651; insufficiency &c. 640; non- completion &c. 730 ; failure &c. 732. V. come -, fall -, stop- -short, - short of ; not reach ; want ; keep within -bounds, - the mark, - compass. II. lY. 4°. MOTION. 303—308. -leap, -jump, -skip, -lap, -shoot the mark ; out-strip, -leap, -jump, -go, -step, -run, -ride, -rival, -do ; beat, - hollow ; distance ; leave in the -lurch, - rear ; throw into the shade ; exceed, transcend, nirmount ; soar Sec. (/w) 305. encroach, trespass, iufrinjre, trench upon, intrench on ; strain : stretch -, strain- a point : pass the Rubicon. Adj. surpassing &c. r. Adv. bevond the mark, ahead. break down, stick in the mud, col- lapse, come to nothing ; fall -through, - to the ground ; cave in, end in smoke, miss the mark, fail ; lose ground ; mics stays. Adj. unreached; deficient; short, - of; minus; out of depth; perfunctory &c. {neglect) 460. Adv. within -the mark, - compass, - bounds ; behindhand ; re infectd ; to no purpose ; far from it. Phr. the bubble burst. 305. [Motion upwards.] Ascent. • — M". ascent, ascension ; rising &c. v.-, rise, upgrowth ; leap &c. 309 ; acclivity, hill &c. 217 : flight of -steps, - stairs ; ladder. rocket, lark; sky-rocket, -lark; Al- pine Club. V. ascend, rise, mount, arise, uprise ; go -, get -, w^ork one's way -, start -, spring -, shoot- up ; aspire. climb, clamber, ramp, scramble, esca- lade, surmount ; scale, - the heights. tower, soar, hover, spire, plane, swim, float, surge ; leap «S:c. 309. Adj. rising &c. v. ; scandent, buoyant ; super-natant, -fluitant. Adv. uphill. Adj. descending &c. deciduous ; nodding to its fall. Adv. down-hill, -wards, 306. [Motion downwards.] l>e- scent. — KT. descent, descension, declen- sion, declination ; fall ; falling kc. v. ; drop, cadence ; subsidence, lapse; down- fall, tumble, slip, tilt, trip, lurch ; crop- per, culhute ; titubation, stumble ; fate of Icarus. avalanche, debacle, landslip. declivity, dip, hill. V. descend ; go -, drop -, come- down ; fall, gravitate, drop, slip, slide, settle ; decline, set, sink, droop, come down a dismount, alight, light, get down ; swoop ; stoop &c. 308 ; fall prostrate, precipitate oneself ; let fall &c. 308. tumble, trip, stumble, titubate, lurch, pitch, swag, topple ; topple -, tumble- -down, - over ; tilt, sprawl, plump down, come down a cropper, descendent; decur-rent, -sive; labent, 307. Elevation. — M". elevation ; raising &c.r, ; erection, lift; sublevation, upheaval ; sublimation, exaltation ; pro- minence kc. {convexity) 250. lever &c. 633; crane, derrick, windlass, capstan, winch, lift. V. heighten, elevate, raise, lift, erect ; set -, stick -, perch -, perk -, tilt- up ; rear, hoist, heave ; up-lift, -raise, -rear, -bear, -cast, -hoist, -heave ; buoy, weigh, mount, give a lift ; exalt, sublimate ; place -, set- on a pedestal. take -, drag -, lish- up ; dredge. stand -, rise -, get -, jump- up ; spring to one's feet : hold -oneself, - one's head- up ; drawn oneself up to his full height. Adj. elevated &c. v. ; stilted, attol- lent, rampant. 308. Depression.— x. lowering (fee. V. ; depression ; dip &;c. {concavity) 252; abasement; detrusion ; reduction. over-throw, -set, -turn ; upset ; pros- tration, subversion, precipitation. bow ; courtesy, curtsy ; genuflexion, kotou, obeisance. V. depress, lower ; let -, take- -down, - down a peg ; cast ; let -drop, - fall ; sink, debase, bring low, abase, reduce, detrude, pitch, precipitate. over-throw, -turn, -set; upset, sub- vert, prostrate, level, fell ; cast -, take -, throw -, fling -, dash -, pull -, cut -, knock -, hew- down ; raze, - to the ground ; trample in the dust, pull about one's ears. sit, - down ; couch, squat, crouch, 91 307—313. SPACE. II. IV. Adv. on -stilts, - the shoulders of, one's legs, - one's hind legs. stoop, hend, bow ; courtesy, curtsy; bob, duck, dip, kneel ; bend -, bow- the -head, - knee ; bow down ; cower ; recline &c. (be horiz(yntal) 213, Adj. depressed &c. v. ; at a low ebb ; prostrate &c. (Jioi'izontal) 213. 310. Plung-e. — U. plunge, dip, dive, header ; ducking &c. v. ; diver. V. plunge, dip, souse, duck ; dive, plump ; take a -plunge, - header ; make a plunge ; bathe &c. {ivatei-) 337. sub-merge, -merse ; douse, sink, en- gulph, send to the bottom. get out of one's depth ; go -to the bottom, - down like a stone ; founder, welter, wallow. 309. Xieap. — w. leap, jump, hop, spring, bound, vault, saltation. dauc?, caper ; curvet, caracole ; (/am- hade, -hado ; capriole, demivolt ; buck, — jump ; hop skip and jump. kangaroo, jerboa, chamois, goat, frog, grasshopper, flea. V. leap ; jump -up, - over the moon ; hop, spring, bound, vault, ramp, cut ca- pers, trip, skip, dance, caper ; curvet, caracole ; foot it, bob, bounce, flounce, start; frisk &c. (amusement) 840; jump about &c. (agitation) 315; trip it on the liglit fantastic toe, dance oneself oiF one's legs. Adj. leaping &c. v. ; saltatory, frisky. Adv. on the light fantastic toe. 311. [Curvilinear motion.] Circuition. — W. circuition, circulation ; turn, curvet; excursion; circum-vention, -navigation, -ambulation ; north- west passage ; circuit &c. 629. turning &c. v. ; wrench ; evolution ; coil, corkscrew. V. turn, bend, wheel ; go -, put- about ; heel ; go -, turn- -round, - to the right about ; turn on one's heel ; make -, describe- a -circle, - com- plete circle ; go -, pass- through -180^, - 360°. circum-navigate, -ambulate, -vent ; put a girdle round the earth, go the round, make the round of. turn -, round- a corner ; double a point. wind, circulate, meander ; whisk, twirl ; twist &c. (convolution) 248 ; make a detour &c. (circuit) 629. Adj. turning &c. v. ; circuitous ; circum-foraneous, -fluent. Adv. round about. 312. [Motion in a continued circle.] 313. [Motion in a reverse circle.] Rotation. — w. rotation, revolution, Evolution. — in. evolution, unfolding, gyration, circulation, roll ; circum-rota- development ; eversion &c. (inversion) tion, -volution, -gyration; volutation, 218. circination, turbination, inrouette, con- V. evolve ; un-fold, -roll, -wind, -coil, volution. -twist, -furl, -twine, -ravel ; disentangle ; verticity ; whir, whirl, eddy, vortex, develop, wliirlpool, gurge ; cyclone, tornado ; Adj. evolving &c. v. ; evolved &c. v. surge ; vertigo, dizzy round ; Maelstrom, ; Otiarybdis ; Ixion. ! wheel, screw, whirligig, rolling stone, ! windmill ; top, teetotum ; roller ; fly-wheel ; jack ; caster. axis, axle, spindle, pivot, pin, hinge, pole, swivel, gimbals, arbor, bobbin, mandrel. [Science of rotatory motion] Trochilics. V. rotate ; roll, - along ; revolve, spin ; turn, - round ; circumvolve ; circulate, gyre, gyrate, wheel, whirl, twirl, trundle, troll, bowl. roll up, furl ; wallow, welter ; box the compass ; spin like a -top, - teetotum. j 92 II. IV. 4°. MOTIOX. 31Z-315. Adj. rotating »fcc. v. ; rota-torj, -rv ; circumrotatory, trochilic, ver- tiginous, gyratory ; vortic-al, -ose. Adv. bead over heels, round and round, like a horse in a mill. 314. [Reciprocating motion, motion to and fro.] Oscillation. — W. oscillation; vibration, libration ; motion of a pendulum; nutation; undulation ; pulsation ; pulse. alternation : coming and going Sec. v. ; ebb and flow, flux and reflux, ups and downs. fluctuation ; vacillation &c. {irresolution) 605. wave, vibratiuncle, swing, beat, shake, wag, see-saw, dance, lurch,, dodge. V. oscillate ; vi-, li-brate ; alternate, undulate, wave ; rock, swing ; pulsate, beat ; wag, -gle ; nod, bob, courtesy, curtsy ; tick ; play ; wam- ble, wabble ; dangle, swag. fluctuate, dance, curvet, reel, quake ; quiver, quaver ; shake, flicker ; wriggle ; roll, toss, pitch ; flounder, stagger, totter ; move -, bob- up and down &c. adv.; pass and repass, ebb and flow, come and go; vacillate &c. 605. brandish, shake, flourish. Adj. oscillating &c. v. ; oscill-, undul-, puis-, libr-atory ; vibrat-ory,. -ile : pendulous. Adv. to and fro, up and down, backwards and forwards, see-saw, zig- zag, wibble-wabble, in and out, from side to side, like buckets in a welL 315. [Irregular motion.] Ag>itation.— IT. agitation, stir, tremor, shake, ripple, jog, jolt, jar, jerk, shock, succussion, trepidation, quiver,, quaver, dance ; jactit-ation, -ance ; shuffling &c. v. ; twitter, flicker^ flutter. disquiet, perturbation, commotion, turmoil, turbulence ; tumult, -na- tion ; hubbub, rout, bustle, fuss, racket, mhmltus, staggers, megrims^ epilepsy, fits. spasm, throe, throb, palpitation, convulsion. disturbance kc. (disorder) 59; restlessness etc. {changeahleness) 149. ferment, -ation ; ebullition, effervescence, hurly burly, caJiotage ; tem- pest, storm, ground swell, heavy sea, whirlpool, vortex^ &c. 312 ; whirl- wind &c. itvind) 349. v. be -agitated &c. ; shake ; tremble, - like an aspen loaf ; quiver, quaver, quake, shiver, twitter, twire, writhe, toss, shuffle, tumble, stag- ger, bob, reel, sway ; wag, -gle ; wriggle, - like an eel ; dance, stumble, shamble, flounder, totter, flounce, flop, curvet, prance. throb, pulsate, beat, palpitate, go pit-a-pat ; flutter, flitter, flicker,, bicker; bustle. ferment, effervesce, foam ; boil, - over ; bubble, - up ; simmer, toss -, jump- about; jump like a parched pea; shake like an aspen leaf; shake to its -centre, - foundations ; be the sport of the winds and waves ; reel to and fro like a drunken man ; move -, drive- from post to pillar and from pillar to post ; keep between hawk and buzzard. agitate, shake, convulse, toss, tumble, band}', wield, brandish, flap, flourish, whisk, jerk, hitch, jolt; jog, -gle ; jostle, buffet, hustle, disturb, stir, shake up, churn, jounce, wallop, whip, vellicate. Adj. shaking &c. v. ; agitated, tremulous ; de-, sub-sultory ; shamb- ling ; giddy-paced, saltatory, convulsive, unquiet, restless, all of a twitter. Adv. by fits and starts; subsultorily &c. adj.; per solium ; hop skip and jump; in -convulsions, - fits. 93 316—318. MATTER. III. I. CLASS III. Words relating to MATTER. Section I. MATTER IN GENERAL. 316. IWCateriality.—N". material- ity, -ness ; corpor-eity, -ality ; substan- tiality, flesh and blood, plenum ; physi- cal condition. matter, body, substance, brute matter, stuff", element, principle, 'parenchyma, material, substratum, hyle, corjms, j^cibu- lum ; frame. object, article, thing, something ; still life ; stocks and stones ; materials &c. 635. [Science of matter] Physics ; Somat- ology, -ics ; Natural -, Experimental- 317. Xminateriality. — w. im- material-ity, -ness ; incorporeity, spiri- tuality; inextension. personality ; I, myself, me ; ego, spirit, &c. (sow/) 450 ; immaterialism; spiritual- ism, -ist. V. disembody, spiritualize. Adj. immateri-al, -ate ; incorpor-eal, -al; asomatous, unextended ; un-, dis- embodied ; extramundane, unearthly ; pneumatoscopic : spiritual &c. {psychical) 450- personal, subjective. -ics PhUosophy ; Physical Science, Philoso- phie j)ositwe. Materialism ; materialist : physicist. Adj. material, bodily ; corpor-eal, -al ; physical ; somat-ic, -oscopi sensible, tangible, ponderable, palpable, substantial. objective, impersonal, neuter, unspiritual, materialistic. 318. World. — W. world, creition, nature, universe ; earth, globe, wide world ; cosmos ; terraqueous globe, sphere ; macro-, mega-cosm ; music of the spheres. heavens, sky, welkin, empyrean ; starry -heaven, - host ; firmament ; vault -, canopy- of heaven ; celestial spaces. heavenly bodies, stars, asteroids ; nebulae ; galaxy, milky way, galactic circle, via lactea. sun, orb of day, Apollo, Phoebus ; photo-, chromo-sphere ; solar sys- tem ; planet, -oid ; comet ; satellite ; moon, orb of night, Diana ; aerolite, meteor ; falling -, shooting- star. constellation, zodiac, signs of the zodiac, Charles's wain, Great Bear, Southern Cross, Orion's belt, Cassiopea's chair, Pleiades. colures, equator, ecliptic, orbit. [Science of heavenly bodies] Astronomy; Urano-graphy, -logy ; Cosmo- logy, -graphy, -gony ; eidouranion, orrery ; Geodesy &c. {measurement) 466 ; star-gazing, -gazer ; astronomer ; observatory. Adj. cosmical, mundane ; terr-estrial, -estrious, -aqueous, -ene, -eous; telluric, earthly, geotic, under the sun ; sub-lunary, -astral. solar, heliacal; lunar; celestial, heavenly, sphery; starry, stellar; sider-eal, -al ; astral ; nebular. Adv. in all creation, on the face of the globe, here below, under the sun. 94 Ill.n. i^ MATTER m GENERAL.— Ix\ORGANIO MATTER. 319—322. 320. Zievity. — wr. levity; light- ness &c. adj. ; imponderability, buoy- ancy, volatility. feather, dust, mote, down, thistle- down, flue, cobweb, gossamer, straw, cork, bubble ; float, buoy ; ether, air. leaven, ferment, barm, yeast. V. be -light &c. adj. ; float, swim, be buoyed up. render -light &c. adj. ; lighten, leaven. Adj. light, subtile, airy ; imponder- 319. G-ravlty. — wr. gravi-ty, -ta- tion ; weight : heaviness &c. adj. ; speci- fic gravity ; ponderosity, pressure, load ; bur-den, -then ; ballast, couuterpoise ; lump -, mass -, weight- of. lead, millstone, mountain, Ossa on Pelion. weighing, ponderation, trutination ; weights ; avoirdupois -, troy -, apothe- caries'- weight ; grain, scruple, drachm, ounce, pound, lb, load, stone, hundred weight, cwt, ton, quintal, carat, penny- weight, tod. [Weighing instrument] balance,scales, steelyard, beam, weighbridge, spring ba- lance. [Science of gravity] Statics. V. be -heavy &c. adj. ; gravitate, weigh, press, cumber, load. [Measure the weight of ] weigh, poise. Adj. weighty ; weighing &c. v. ; heavy, - as lead ; ponder-ous, -able ; lump-ish, -y ; cumber-, burden-some ; cumbrous, unwieldy, massive. in-, superin-cumbent. Section II. INORGANIC MATTER. 1°. Solid Matter. ous, -able ; astatic, weightless, ether( sublimated ; uncompressed, volatile buoyant, floating &c. v. ; portable. light as -a feather, - thistle down, - air. 322. Rarity.— 20*. rarity; tenuity ; absence of -solidity &c. 321 ; subtility; sponginess, compressibility. rarefaction, expansion, dilatation, in- flation, subtilization. ether &c. (ffos) 334. V. rarefy, expand, dilate, subtilize. Adj. rare, subtile, thin, fine, tenuous, compressible, flimsy, slight; light &c. 320 ; cavernous, spongy &c, {holloiv) 252. rarefied &c. v. ; unsubstantial ; uu- com-pact, -pressed. 321. Density.— w. density, so- lidity ; soliduess &c. adj. ; impenetra-, impermea-bility ; incompressibihty ; im- porosity ; cohesion &c. 46 ; constipa- tion, consistence, spissitude. specific gravity; hydro-, areo-meter. condensation; solid-ation, -ification; consolidation ; concretion, coagulation ; petrifaction &c. {hardening) 323 ; crys- tallization, precipitation ; deposit, pre- cipitate ; inspissation ; thickening &c. v. indivisibility, indiscerptibility, indis- solvableness. solid body, mass, block, knot, lump ; con-cretion, -crete, -glomerate ; cake, clot, stone, curd, coagulum ; bone, gristle, cartilage. V. be -dense &c. adj. ; become -, render- solid &c. adj. ; solid-ify, -ate ; concrete, set, take a set, consolidate, congeal, coagulate ; cu"d, -le ; fix, clot, cake, candy, precipitate, deposit, cohere, crystallize ; petrify &c. (Jmrden) 323. condense, thicken, inspissate, incrassate ; compress, squeeze, ram down, constipate. Adj. dense, solid ; solidified &c. v. ; cohe-rent, -sive &c. 46 ; com- pact, close, serried, thickset ; substantial, massive, lumpish ; impene- trable, impermeable, imporous ; incompressible ; constipated ; concrete &c, {hard) 323 ; knot-ted, -ty ; gnarled ; crystal-line, -lizpble ; thick, g'rumotis, stufty. un-dissolved, -melted, -liquefied, -thawed. 95 321— 3Z9. MATTER. III. II. in-divisible, -discerptible, -frangible, -dissolvable, -dissolbule, -soluble, fusible. 323. Kardness. — wr. hardness itc. adj. ; rigidity, renitence, inflexi- bility, temper, callosity, durity. induration, petrifaction ; lapid-ifica- tion, -escence ; vitri-, ossi-ficatiou ; crys- tallization. stone, pebble, flint, marble, rock, fossil, crag, crystal, quartz, granite, adamant ; bone, cartilage ; heart of oak, block, board, deal board ; iron, steel ; cast -, wrought- iron ; nail ; brick, concrete ; cement. V. rander -hard &c. adj. ; harden, stiffen, indurate, petrify, temper, ossify, vitrify. Adj. hard, rigid, stubborn, stiff, firm; starch, -ed ; stark, unbending, unlimber, unyielding ; inflexible, tense ; indurate, -d ; gritty, proof. adamant-ine, -ean ; concrete, stony, granitic, vitreous ; horny, corneous ; bony ; oss-eous, -ific ; cartilaginous ; hard as a -stone &c. n. ; stiff as -buckram, - a poker. 325. Elasticity.— N". elasticity, springiness, spring, resilience, renitency, buoyancy. India (n) rubber, caoutchouc, whale- bone, gum elastic. V. be -elastic &c. adj. ; spring back &c. {recoil) 277. 1 32*. Softness.— N-. softness, pl:- j ableuess &c. adj. ; flexibility ; pli-ancy, ' -ability ; sequacity, malleability ; duct-, i tract-ility ; extend-, extens-ibility ; plas- I ticity ; inelasticity, flaccidity, laxity. I clay, wax, lutter, dough, pudding ; I cushion, pillow, feather-bed, down, pad- I ding, wadding. j mollification ; softening &c. v. ^ V. render -soft &c. adj. ; soften, mol- lify, mellow, relax, temper; mash, knead, squash. bend, yield, relent, relax, give. ! Adj. soft, tender, supple; pli-ant, I -able ; flex-ible, -ile ; lithe, -some ; lis- ' som, limber, plastic ; ductile ; tract-ile, -able ; malleable, extensile, sequacious, inelastic. I yielding &c. v. ; flabby, limp, flimsy. ' flaccid, flocculent, downy; spongy, oedematous, medullary, doughy, argil- laceous, mellow. soft as -butter, - down, - silk ; yield- i ing as wax ; tender as a chicken. 326. Inelasticity. — w. want of -, absence of- elasticity &c. 325 ; in- elasticity Sec. {softness) 324. Adj. inelastic &c. {soft) 324. Adj. elastic, tensile, springy, resilient, renitent, buoyant. 327. Tenacity. — w. tenacity, toughness, strength ; cohesion &c. 46 ; sequacity ; stubbornness &c. {obstinacy) 6c6. leather ; gristle, cartilage. V, be -tenacious &c. adj.; resist frac- ture. Adj. tenacious, tough, strong, resist- ing, sequacious, stringy, gristly, carti- Inginous, leathery, coriaceous, tough as whit-leather ; stubborn &c. {obstinate) 606. 328. Brittleness.— w. brittle- ness &c. adj. ; frag-, friab-, frangib-, flss-ility ; house of -cards, - glass. V. be -brittle &c. adj. ; live in a glass house. break, crack, snap, split, shiver, splin- ter, crumble, break short, burst, fly, give way; fall to pieces ; crumble -to, -imo- dust. Adj. brittle, frangible, fragile, frail, gimcrack, shivery, fissile ; splitting &c. V. ; lacerable, splintery, crisp, crimp, short, brittle as glass. 329. [Structure.] Texture. — X. structure, organization, ana- tomy, frame, mould, fabric, construction ; frame-work, carcass, archi- tecture ; stratification, cleavage. substance, stuff, compages, parenchyma) constitution, staple, organism. 96 ni. iL 2= INORGANIC MATTER. 329—334:. [Science of structures] Organ-, Oste-, My-, Splanchn-, Neur-, Angi-, Aden-ology ; Angi-, Aden-ography. texture ; inter-, con-texture ; tissue, grain, web, surface ; warp and -woof, - weft ; tooth, nap, &c. {roughness) 256 ; fineness -, coarseness- of grain. [Science of textures] Histology. Adj. structural, organic ; anatomic, -al. text-ural, -ile ; line-, coarse-grained ; fine, delicate, subtile, gossa- mery, filmy; coarse; home-spun. 330. Pulverulence. — it. [State of powder.] pulverulence ; sandiness &c. adj. ; efflorescence ; friability. powder, dust, sand, shingle ; sawdust; grit; meal, bran, flour, /«mi<7, spore, sporule ; crumb, seed, grain ; particle &c. (sinallness) 32 ; lima- ture, tilings, debris, detritus, scobs, magistery, fine powder ; Jloccidi. smoke ; cloud of -dust, - sand, - smoke ; pufi" -, volume- of smoke ; sand -, dust- storm. [Reduction to powder] pulverization, comminution, attenuation, granulation, disintegration, subaction, contusion, trituration, levigation, abrasion, detrition, multure ; limation ; filing &c. v. [Instruments for pulverization] mill, grater, rasp, file, pestle and mor- tar, nutmeg grater, teeth, grinder, grindstone, kern, quern. V. come to dust ; be -disintegrated, - reduced to powder, &c. reduce -, grind- to powder ; pulverize, comminute, granulate, tritu- rate, levigate ; scrape, tile, abrade, rub down, grind, grate, rasp, pound, bray, bruise ; con-tuse, -tund ; beat, crush, cranch, craunch, crunch, scranch, crumble, disintegrate; attenuate &c. 195. Adj. powdery, pulverulent, granular, mealy, floury, farinaceous, branny, furfuraceous, flocculent, dusty, sandy, sabulous; aren-ose, -arious, -aceous; gritty; efflorescent, impalpable. pulverizable ; friable, crumbly, shivery ; pulverized kc. v. ; attrite ; in pieces. 331. Priction.— M". friction, at- trition ; rubbing &c. v. ; con-frication, -trition ; affriction, abrasion, arrosion, limature, frication, rub ; elbow-grease ; josin. V. rub, scratch, scrape, scrub, fray, rasp, graze, curry, scour, polish, rub out, gnaw ; file, grind, &c. (reduce to j^oxoder) 330. set one's teeth on edge ; rosin. Adj. anatriptic. 332. [Absence of friction. Preven- tion of friction.] Ziubrication. — Bar. smoothness &c. 255 ; unctuousness &c. 355- lubri-cation, -fication ; anomtraent ; oiliag &c. V. synovia; glycerine, oil, &c. 356; saliva; lather. V. lubri-cate, -citale ; oil, grease, lather, soap ; wax. Adj. lubricated &c. v. 2°. Fluid Matter. I. Fluids in General. 333. Fluidity. —w. fluidity, li- quidity ; liquidness &c. adj. ; gaseity &c. 334- fluid, inelastic fluid ; liquid, liquor ; l3rmph, humour, juice, sap, serum, blood, serosity, gravy, rheum, ichor, sanies. solu-bility, -bleness. [Science of liquids at rest] Hydro- logy, -statics, -dynamics. 97 334. Gaseity.— wr. gaseity; va- pourousness &c. adj. ; flatu-lence, -lency ; volatility. elastic fluid, gas, air, vapour, ether, steam, fume, reek, effluvium^ Jlatus; cloud &c. 353. [Science of elastic fluids] Pneumat- ics, -ostatics ; Aero-statics, -^lynamics. gas-, gaso-meter. 333—340. MATTER. III. n. 2°. V. be -fluid &c. adj, ; flow &c. (icater in motion) 348; liqiiely »fcc. 335. Adj. liquid, fluid, serous, juicy, suc- culent, sappy ; fluent kc. {jioivimj) 348. liquefled &c. 335 ; uiicoiigealed ; solu- ble. V. emit vapour &c. 336. Adj. gaseous, aeriform, ethereal, aerial, airy, vaporous, volatile, evaporable \ flatulent. 335. Iiiquefaction.— X. lique- faction ; liquescen-ce, -cy : melting &c. {hea€) 384; coUiqu-ation, -efaction; thaw; de-, liquation; lixiviatiou, dis- solution. solution, apozem, lixivium, infusion, flux. solvent, menstruum, alkahest. V. render -liquid &c. '^'^■}, ; liquefy, run ; melt &c. {he.af) 384 ; solve ; dis- solve, resolve ; liquate ; hold in solution. Adj. lique-fled &c. v., -scent, -fiable; deliquescent, soluble, colliquative. 336. Vaporlzation.-M". vapor-, volatil-ization ; gasification ; e-, vapora- tion ; distillation, cohobation, sublima- tion, exhalation ; volatility. vaporizer, still, retort ; fumigation^ steaming. V. render -gaseous &c. 334; vaporize, volatilize ; distil, sublime ; evaporate, exhale, smoke, transpire, emit vapour, fume, reek, steam, fumigate. Adj. volatilized &c. v. ; reeking &c. V. ; volatile ; evaporable, vaporizable. 2. Specific Fluids. 337. Water. — W. water ; serum, serosity ; lymph ; rheum : diluent. dilution, maceration, lotion ; washing &c. v. ; im-, mersion ; humectatiou, in- filtration, spargefaction, affusion, irriga- tion, douche, balneation, bath. deluge &c. {ivaterin motion) 348; high water, flood tide. V. be -watery &c. adj. ; reek. add water, water, wet; moisten &c. 339 ; dilute, dip, immerse ; merge ; im-, sul>merge ; plunge, souse, duck, drown ; soak, steep, macerate, pickle, wash, sprinkle, lave, bathe, affuse, splash, swash, douse, drench ; dabble, slop, slob- ber, irrigate, inundate, deluge ; syringe, inject, gargle. Adj. watery, aqueous, aquatic, lym- phatic ; balneal, diluent ; drenching &c. v.] diluted &c. v. ; weak; wet &c. (inoist?) 339. Plir. the waters are out. 339. Moisture. — is, moisture; moistness &c. adj. ; hum-idity, -ectation ; raadefaction, dew ; serein ; marsh &c. 345 ; Hygromet-ry, -er. V. moisten, wet ; humect, -ate ; sponge, damp, bedew ; imbue, imbrue, infiltrate, saturate ; soak, drench, &c. {xvater) 337. be -moist &c. adj. ; not have a dry thread; perspire. &c. (exude) 295. A4j. moist, damp ; watery &c. 337 ; 98 338. Air.— X. air &c. {gas) 334 ; common -, atmospheric- air ; atmos- phere. open, - air ; sky, wellrin ; blue, - sky ; cloud &c. 353. weather, climate, rise and fall of the barometer, isobar. [Science of air] Aero-logj^, -scopy, -graphy ; Meteorology, Climatology ; eu- dio-, baro-, aero-meter; aneroid, baro- scope ; weather-gauge, -glass, -cock. exposure to the -air, - weather ; ven- tilation ; aero-station, -nautics, -naut. V. air, ventilate ; fan &c. (ivind) 349. Adj. containing air, flatulent, efferve- scent ; windy &c. 349. atmospheric, airy; aeri-al, -form ; me- teorological ; weatherwise. Adv. in the open air, a la belle etoile^ alfresco', sub -Jove, - die. 310. Drjrness. — x. dryness kc, adj. ; siccity, aridity, drought, ebb tide, low water. ex-, de-siccation ; arefaction, dephleg- mation, drainage. V. be -dry &c. adj. ; render -dry &c, adj. ; dry ; dry -, soak- up ; sponge, swab, wipe ; ex-, de-siccate ; drain, parch. be fine, hold up. Adj. dry, anhydrous, arid ; dried &c. III. II. 2\ INORGANIC MATTER. 339—347. undried, humid, wet, dank, mup-gy, dewy ; roral, rorid ; roscid ; juicy. wringing wet ; wet -through, - to the skin ; saturated &c. v. swashy, soggy, dabbled ; reeking, drip- ping, soaking, soft, sodden, sloppy, mud- dy; swampy &c. (7?z«rs/iy)345 ; irriguous. 3H. Ocean. — W. sea, ocean, main, deep, brine, salt water, waters, waves, billows, high seas, offing, great waters, watery waste, ' vasty deep ' ; wave, tide, &c. {wate?' in motion) 348. Hydrograph-y, -er; Neptune, Thetis, Triton, Naiad, Nereid ; sea-nymph, Si- ren; trident, dolphin. Adj. oceanic ; mar-ine, -itime ; pelag- ic, -ian ; sea-going ; hydrographic. Adv. at -, on- sea ; afloat. y. ; undamped; juice-, sap-less; sear; husky ; rainless, without rain, line ; dry as -a bone, - dust, - a stick, - a mummy, - a biscuit ; water-proof, -tight. 342. Xiand. — U". land, earth, ground, dry land, terra jirma. continent, mainland, peninsula, delta ; tongue -, neck- of land ; isthmus ; oasis ; promontory t&c. (yiwojectiori) 250; high- land &c. (height) 206. coast, shore, scar, strand, beach ; bank, lea; sea -board, -side, -bank, -coast, -beach ; iron-bound coast ; loom of the land ; derelict ; innings ; alluvium, allu- vion. soil, glebe, clay, loam, marl, mould, subsoil, clod, clot ; rock, crag, acres ; real estate &c. {projjorty) 780 ; landsman. V. land, come to land; set foot on -the soil, - dry land; come -, go- ashore. Adj. earthy ; continental, midland ; littoral, riparian ; alluvial ; terrene &c. {icorld) 318; landed, predial, territorial. Adv. ashore ; on -shore, - land. 343. G-ulf. Xiake. — ir. land co- vered with water, gulf, giilph, bay, inlet, bight, estuary, arm of the sea, fiord, armlet ; frith, firth, ostiary, mouth ; la- gune, lagoon ; indraught ; cove, creek ; natural harbour ; roads ; strait ; Euri- pus ; sound, belt, gut, kyles. lake, loch, lough, mere, tarn, plasli, broad, pond, pool, lin, puddle, slab, well, artesian well ; standing -, dead -, sheet of- water ; fish -, mill- pond ; ditch, dike, dyke, dam ; reservoir &c. {stoi-e) 636. Adj. lacustrine. 345. IHarsh. — mt. marsh, swamp, morass, marish, moss, fen, bog, quag- mire, slough, sump, wash ; mud, squash, slush. Adj. marsh, -y ; swampy, boggy, plashy, poachy, quaggy, soft ; muddy, sloppy, squashy ; paludal ; moor-ish, -y ; fenny. 344. Plain. — w. plain, table land, fiice of the country ; open -, champaign- country ; basin, downs, waste, weary waste, desert, wild, steppe, pampas, sa- vanna, prairie, heath, common, wold ; moor, -land ; bush ; plateau &c. {level) 213; campagna. meadow, mead, liaugh, pasturage, park, field, lawn, green, plat, plot, grass- plat, greensward, sward, turf, sod, hea- ther ; lea, ley, lay ; grounds. Adj. campestrian, champaign, allu- vial. 346. Island. — N". island, isle, islet, eyot, ait, holm, reef, atoll, breaker ; archipelago ; islander. Adj. insular, sea-girt. 3. Fluids in Motion. 347. [Fluid in motion.] Stream.— W. stream &c. {of loater) 348, {of air) 349. V. flow &c. 348 ; blow «S:c. 349. 99 ^ ^ " 348—351. MATTER. III. II. 2' 348. [Water in motion.] River.— i 349. [Air in motion.] Wind.— u. at, running water. wind, draught, Jlatus, afflatus, air ; jet, spirt, squirt, spout, splash, rush, ' breath, - of air ; puff, whiff, zephyr •, gush, jet d^eau ; sluice. water-spout, -fall ; fall, cascade, force, foss ; lin, -n ; ghjil, Niagara ; cata-ract, -dupe, -clysm; dihdcle, inundation, delude. rain, -fall ; serein ; shower, scud ; downpour ; driving -, drenching- rain ; Hyeto-logy, -graphy ; predominance of Aquarius, reign of St. Swithin ; mizzle, drizzle, stillicidium, plash; dropping &c. V. stream, course, flux, flow, profluence; effluence &c. (egress) 295 ; defluxion ; flowing &c. V. ; current, tide, race blow, drift ; aura ; stream, current ; un- der-current. gust, blast, breeze, squall, gale, half a gale, storm, tempest, hurricane, whirl- wind, tornado, samiel, cyclone, typhoon ; sim-oon, -00m ; harmattan, monsoon, trade wind, sirocco, 7mstral, hise, tra- montane, levanter ; capful of wind ; fresh -, stifl- breeze ; keen blast ; blizzard. windiness &c. adj. ; ventosity ; rough -, dirty -, ugly -, stress of- weather; dirty sky, mare's tail; thick -, black -, white- squall. Anemography, Aerodynamics; wind- spring ; fount, -ain ; rill, rivulet, gill, I gauge, anemometer, weather-cock, vane gullet, rillet ; stream-, brook-let ; run- I suf-, insuf-, per-, in-, af-flation ; blow- nel, sike, burn, beck, brook, stream, ing, fanning, &c. v. ; ventilation, river; reach; tributary. | sneezing &c. v.; sternutation; hie- body of water, torrent, rapids, flush, i cup, -cough ; catching of the breath. Eolus, Boreas, Zephyr, cave of Eolus. air-pump, lungs, bellows, blow-pipe, fan, ventilator, punkah. V. blow, waft; blow -hard, - great guns, - a hurricane &c. n. ; stream, issue. respire, breathe, puff; whif, -fle; gasp, wheeze ; snuff, -le ; sniff, -le ; sneeze, cough. fan, ventilate ; in-, per-flate : blowup. Adj. blowing &c. v. ; v,dndy, flatu- lent ; breezy, gusty, squally ; stormy, tempestuous, blustering ; boisterous &c. {violeyit) 173. pulmon-ic, -ary. flood, swash ; spring -, high -, full- tide bore; ea,^ve,hyffre; fresh,-et; indraught, reflux, under -current, eddy, vortex, gurge, whirlpool, Maelstrom, regurgita- tion, overflow ; confluence, corrivation. wave, billow, surge, swell, ripple, dvTjpidfiov yeXao-fia', rollers, ground swell, surf, breakers, white horses ; rough -, heavy-, cross -, long -, short -, chop- ping- sea. [Science of fluids in motion] Hydro- dynamics ; Hydraul-ics, -icostatics ; rain- gauge. irrigation &c. (loater) ^;^7 ; pump ; watering-pot, - cart ; hydrant, syringe. V. flow, run; meander; gush, pour, spout, roll, jet, well, issue ; drop, drip, dribble, plash, spirtle, trill, trickle, distil, percolate ; stream, overflow, inundate, deluge, flow over, splash, swash ; guggle, murmur, babble, bubble, purl, gurgle, sputter, spurt, regurgitate ; ooze, flow out &c. {egress) 295. rain, - hard, - in torrents, - cats and dogs, - pitchforks ; pour with rain, drizzle, spit, set in. flow -, fall -, open -, drain- into ; discharge itself, disembogue. [Cause a flow] pour ; pour out Sec. {discharge) 297 ; shower down ; irrigate, drench &c. {ivet^ 2>37 5 spill, splash. [Stop a flow] stanch ; dam, -up &c. {close) 261 ; obstruct &c. 706. Adj. fluent ; dif-, pro-, af-fiuent ; tidal ; flowing &c. v. ; meand- ering, -ry, -rous ; fluvi-al, -atile ; streamy, showery, rainy, pluvial, stillicidous. 350. [Channel for the passage of water.] Conduit. — M". conduit, chan- nel, duct, watercourse, race ; head -, tail- race ; adit, aqueduct, canal, trough, 100 351. [Channel for the passage of air.] Air-pipe. — ir. air -pipe, - tube ; shaft, flue, chimney, funnel, vent, blow- hole, nostril, nozzle, throat, weasand. III. II. 3= INORGANIC MATTER 3.50— 320a. gutter, pantile ; dike, main, gully, moat, ditch, drain, sewer, culvert, c/oaca, sough, kennel, siphon ; jAscina : pipe &c. {tube) 260 ; funnel ; tunnel &c. (passage) 627 ; water -, waste- pipe ; emunctory, gully- hole, artery, aorta, pore, spout, scupper; ad-, a-jutage ; hose; gar-, gur-goyle; penstock, weir gate ; sluice, lock, yalve ; rose ; waterworks. Adj. yascular &c. (icith holes) 260. 3°. liirERFECT FLriDS. trachea ; bronch-us, 'la ; larynx, tonsils, wind-pipe, spiracle ; yenti-duct, -lator ; louvre, Venetian blinds ; blow-pipe &g {tcind) 349 ; pipe &c. (tube) 260. flood-, water- 353. [Mixture of air and water.] Bubble. [Cloud.]— N. bubble; foam, froth, head, spume, lather, suds, spray, surf, yeast, barm, spindrift, cloud, vapour, fog, mist, haze, steam ; scud, messenger, rack, nimbus ; cumulus, woolpack, cin-us, stratus ; cii-ro-, cum- ulo -stratus ; cirro - cumulus ; mackerel ' sky, mares tail, dirty sky, I [Science of clouds] Nephelognosy. ' effervescence, fermentation ; bubbling I &c. V. nebula ; cloudiness &c. (ojmcity) 426 ; nebulosity kc. (dumiess) 422. V. bubble, boil, foam, froth, mantle, sparkle, guggle, gui-gle ; eftervesce, fer- ment. Adj. bubbling &c. v. ; frothy, nappy, effervescent, sparkling, mousseux, up. cloudy &c. n. ; vaporous, nebulous, overcast. 352. Semiliquidity. — X. semi- liquidity ; stickiness &c. ad]'. ; yisc-idity, -osity ; gumm-, glutin-, muc-osity ; spiss-, crass-itude ; lentor ; adhesive- ness &;c. (cohesion) 46. imspiss-, incrass-ation ; thickening. jelly, mucilage, gelatin; mucus, phlegm; pituite, lava ; glair, starch, gluten, albumen, milk, cream, protein ; treacle ; gum, size, glue ; wax, bee's-wax ; emul- sion, soup ; squash, mud, slush, slime, ooze ; moisture &c. 339 ; marsh &c. 345, V. inspiss-, incrass-ate ; thicken ; mash, squash, churn, beat up. Adj. semi-fluid, -liquid ; half-melted, -frozen ; milky, muddy, &c. n. ; lact-eal, -ean. -eous, -escent, -iferous : emulsive, curdled, thick, succulent, uliginous. gelat-, album-, mucilag-, glut-inous ; gelatine, mastic, amylaceous, ropy, clam- my, clotted ; vis-cid, -cous ; sticky, tacky ; slab, -by ; lentous, pituitous^ ; mu-cid, -culent, -cous. 354. Pulpiness. — u. pulpiness I 355. Vnctuousness.— xr. unc- &c. adj. ; pulp, paste, dough, curd, pap, tuousness Sec. adj. : unctuosity, lubricity; rob, jam, pudding, poultice, grume. 1 ointment &c. (oil) 356; anointment; Adj. pulpy &c.n.;pultaceous,grumous. I lubrication &c, 332. V. oil 6zc. (lubricate) 332, Adj. unctuous, oily, oleaginous, adi- pose, sebaceous ; fat, -ty ; greasy ; 1 waxy, butyraceous, soapy, saponaceous, pinguid, lardaceous ; slippery^ 356. Oil. — X. oil, fat, butter, cream, grease, tallow, suet, lard, dripping, exunge, blubber ; glycerine, stearine, elaine, oleagine ; soap ; soft soap, wax, cerement ; paraffiue, spermaceti, adipocire ; petroleum, mineral -, rock -, crystal- oil ; vegetable -, colza -, olive -, salad -, linseed -, nut- oil ; animal -, neat's foot -, train- oil ; ointment, unguent, liniment. 356a. Zlesin.. — W. resin, rosin ; gum ; lac, sealing-wax , amber, -gris : bitumen, pitch, tar ; asphalt, -e, -um ; varnish, copal, mastic, magilp, lacquer, japan. V. varnish &c. (overlay) 223. Adj. resinous, bituminous, pitchy, tarry. 3'i^~1C«C>- MATTER. III. III. 1= Section III. ORGAISTIO MATTER. 1°. Vitality. I. Vitality in general. 357. Org-anlzation. — ir. or- ganized -world, - nature ; living -, ani- mated- nature ; living beings ; organic remains, fossils. prot-oplasm, -ein; albumen; struc- ture &c. 329 ; organ-ization, -ism. [Science of living beings] Biology; Natural History,* Organic Chemistry, Anatomy, Physiology; Zoology &c. 368 ; Botany &c. 369 ; naturalist. Adj. organ-ic, -ized. 359. liife. — U. life; vi-tality, -ability ; animation ; vital -spark, - flame. respiration, wind ; breath -of life, - of one's nostrils; life-blood; Archeus; existence &c. i. vivification ; revivification &c, 163; Prometheus ; life to come &c. {destiny) ^52- .... [Science of life.] Physiology, Biology; animal economy. nourishment, staif of life, &c. {food) 298. V. be -alive &c. adj.; live, breathe, respire ; subsist &;c. {exist?) i ; walk the earth ; strut and fret one's hour upon a stage ; be spared. see the light, be born, come into the world ; fetch -, draw- -breath, - the breath of life ; quicken ; revive ; come to, - life. give birth to &c. {produce) 161 ; bring to life, put into life, vitalize; vivi-fy, -ficate ; reanimate &c. {restore) 660 ; keep -alive, - body and soul together, - the wolf from the door ; support life, have nine lives like a cat. Adj. living, alive ; in -life, - the flesh, - the land of the living ; on this side of the grave, above ground, breathing, quick, animated ; lively &c. {active) 682 ; all alive and kicking; tenacious of life. 358. Znorgranizatlon.— ST. mi- neral -world, - kingdom ; unorganized -, inorganic -, brute -, inanimate- matter. [Science of the mineral kingdom] Mineralogy ; Geo-logy, -gnosy, -scopy ; Metall-urgy,-ography; Lithology; Oryc- to-logj'-, -graphy. V. turn to dust. Adj. in-organic, -animate ; azoic ; mineral. 360. Death. — M". death ; de-cease, -mise ; dissolution, departure, ohit, re- lease, rest, quietus, fall; loss, bereave- ment. end &c. 67 -, cessation &c. 142 -, loss -, extinction -, ebb- of -life &c. 359. death-warrant, -watch, -rattle, -bed; stroke -, agonies -, shades -, valley of the shadow -, jaws -, hand- of death ; last -breath, - gasp, - agonies ; dying -day, - breath,- agonies ; chant du cygne ; ingor mortis ; Stygian shore. King -of terrors, - Death; Death, mortality; doom &c. {necessity) 601. euthanasia] break up of the system; natural -death, - decay; sudden -, vio- lent- death ; untimely end, watery grave ; suffocation, asphyxia; fatal disease &c. {disease) 655; death-blow &c. {killing) 361. necrology, bills of mortality, obituary; death-song &c. {lamentation) 839. V. die, expire, perish; meet one's -death, - end ; pass away, be taken ; yield -, resign- one's breath ; resign one's -being, - life ; end one's -days, - life, - earthly career ; breathe one's last ; cease to -live, - breathe ; depart this life ; be -no more &c. adj.; go -, drop -, pop- ofl*; lose -, lay down -, relinquish -, sur- render- one's life ; drop -, sink- into the * The term 'Natural History is also used as relating to all the objects in Nature "whether organic or inorganic, and including therefore Mineralogy, Geology, Meteoro- logy, &c. 102 III. III. 1°. ORGANIC MATTER. 359—361. vital ; vivi-fying, -fied, «S:c. v. ; Pro methean. Adv. Vivendi causa. gi-ave ; close one's eyes ; faU -, drop- -dead, - down dead ; break one's neck ; give -, yield- up the ghost ; be all over with one. pay the debt to nature, shuffle off this mortal coil, take one's last sleep ; go the way of all flesh ; join the -greater number, - majority ; come -, turn- to dust ; cross the Stygian ferry ; go to -one's long account, - one's last home, - Davy Jones's locker, -the wall ; receive one's death warrant, make one's will, die a natural death, go out like the snuff of a candle ; come to an untimely end ; catch one's death ; go off the hooks, kick the bucket, hop the twig, turn up one's toes; die a violent death &c. (be Jailed) 361. Adj. dead, lifeless ; deceased, demised, departed, defunct ; late, gone, no more ; ex-, in-animate ; out of the world, taken off, released ; de- parted this life &c. v. ; dead and gone ; dead as -a door nail, - a door post, - mutton, - a herring, - nits ; launched into eternity, gathered to one's fathers, numbered with the dead. dying &c. v. ; mori-bund, -ent ; hippocratic ; in -articulo, - extremis; in the -jaws, - agony- of death ; going, - off'; aux ahois ; on one's -last legs, - death bed ; at -the point of death, - death's door, - the last gasp ; near one's end, given over, booked ; wdth one foot in -, tottering on the brink of- the grave. still-born; mortuary; deadly &c. {hilliiuj) 361. Adv. post -obit, - mortem. Phr. life -ebbs, - fails, - hangs by a thread ; one's -days are num- bered, - hour is come, - race is run, - doom is sealed ; Death -knocks at the door, - stares one in the face ; the breath is out of the body ; the grave closes over one ; sic itiir ad astra. 361. [Destruction of life; violent death.] ILilllng'. — U. killing &:c. v. ; homicide, manslaughter, murder, assassination, trucidation, oc- cision ; effusion of blood; blood, -shed ; gore, slaughter, carnage, butchery ; battue. massacre ; fusillade, noyade ; Thuggism. death blow, finishing stroke, coup de grace, quietus; execution &c. {capital jmnishment) 972; judicial murder; martyrdom. butcher, slayer, murderer, Cain, assassin, cut-throat, garrotter, bravo, Thug, Moloch, matador, sabreur ; yuet-a-pens ; gallows, executioner, &c. (punishment) 975; man-eater. regicide, parricide, fratrici de, infanticide. suicide, /e/o de se, suttee, Juggernauth; immolation, holocaust. suffocation, strangulation, yarrotfe ; hanging «S:c. v. deadly weapon &c. (arms) 727; Aceldama. [Destruction of animals] slaughtering ; Phthiozoics ; * sport, -ing ; the chase, venery; hunting, coursinjr, shooting, fishing; pig-sticking; sports-, hunts-, fisher-mau ; hunter, Nimrod ; slaughter-house, shambles, abattoir. fatal accident, violent death, casualty. V. kill, put to death, slay, shed blood ; murder, assassinate, butcher, slaughter ; victimize, immolate ; massacre ; take away -, deprive oi- life ; make away with, put an end to ; despatch, dispatch ; burke, settle, do for. strangle, garrotte, hang, throttle, choke, stifle, suffocate, stop the breath, smother, asphyxiate, drown. sabre; cut -down, - to pieces, - the throat; jugulate; stab, run through the body, bayonet ; put to the -sword, - edge of the sword. * Bentham, 'Chrestomathia.' 103 361—363. MATTER. III. m. i°. . shoot, - dead ; blow one's brains out ; brain, knock on the head ; stone, lapidate ; give -, deal- a death blow ; give a -quietus, - coup de grace. behead, bowstring, &c. {execute) 972. hunt, shoot, kc. n. cut off, nip in the bud, launch into eternity, send to one's last account, sign one's death warrant, strike the death knell of. give no quarter, pour out blood like water ; decimate ; run a muck \ wade knee-deep -, imbrue one's hands- in blood. die a violent death, welter in one's blood ; dash -, blow- out one's brains ; commit suicide ; kill -, make away with -, put an end to- oneself. Adj. killing &c. ?;. ; murd-, slaught-erous ; sanguin-ary, -olent ; blood- stained, -thirsty ; homicidal, red-handed ; bloody, -minded ; ensanguined, gory. mortal, fatal, lethal; dead-, death-ly ; mort-, leth-iferous ; unhealthy &c. 657 ; internecine ; suicidal. sporting ; piscator-ial, -y. Adv. in at the death. 362. Corpse. — wr. corpse, corse, carcass, bones, skeleton, dry-bones ; defunct, relics, 7-e/i5mungent) 392. 394. Savouriness. — XJ.savouri-| 395. Unsavouriness. — ir. un- ness &c. adj. ; relish, zest. j savouriness &c. adj. ; amaritude ; acri- lio m. III. 2°. ORGANIC MATTER. 394—^01. tit-bit, dainty, delicacy, ambrosia, nec- tar, honne-bouche ; g-ame, turtle, venison. V. be -savoury &c. adj. ; tickle the -palate, - appeti <; ; flatter tbe palate. render -palatable &c. adj. relish, like, smack the lips. Adj. savoury, well-tasted, to one's taste, tasty, good, palatable, nice, dainty, delectable ; tooth-ful, -some ; gustful, appetizing, lickerish, delicate, delicious, exquisite, rich, luscious, ambrosial. Adv. 7J>er amusare la hocca. Plir. cela se laisse manger. mony, -tude ; roughness &c. {sour') 397 ; acerbity, austerity ; gall and wormwood, rue, quassia, aloes ; sickener. V. be -unpalatable &c. adj.; sicken, disgust, nauseate, pall, turn tlie stomach. Adj. un-savoury, -palatable, -sweet; ill-flavoured; bitter, - as gall; acrid, acrimonious ; rough. offensive, repidsive, nasty; sickening &c. V. ; nauseous : loath-, ful-some ; un- pleasant &c. 830. 396. Sweetness. — x. sweetness, I 397. Sourness. — x. sourness &c. dulcitude. | adj.; acid, -ity; acetous fermentation. sugar, syrup, treacle, molasses, honey, j vii:egar, verjuice, crab, alum, manna; confection, -ary; sweets, grocery, | V. be -, turn- -sour &c. adj. ; set the conserve, preserve, conJiture,jam, julep ; | teeth on edge. sugar-candy, -plum ; liquorice, marma- | render -sour &c. adj. ; acid-ify, -ulate. lade, plum, lollipop, bon-bon, jujube, com- Adj. sour : acid, -lilous, -ulated ; tart, fit, sweetmeat. crabbed ; acet-ous, -ose ; sour as vine- gar, sourish, acescent, sub-acid ; styptic, hard, rough. nectar; hydromel, mead, metheglin honeysuckle, liqueur, sweet wine. pastry, pie, tart, puff, pudding. dulc-itication, -oration. V. be -sweet &c. adj. render -sweet &c. adj.; sweeten ; edulcorate ; dulc-orate, -ify ; candy; mull. Adj. sweet ; sacchar-ine, -iferous ; dulcet, candied, honied, luscious, lush, uectarious, melliferous ; sweetened &c. v. sweet as -a nut, - sugar, - honey. 4. Odour. 398. Odour.— XT. odour, smell, odorament, scent, effluvium ; eman-, ex- hal-ation; fume, essence, trail, nidor, redolence. sense of smell ; scent ; act of -smel- ling &c. V. V. have an -odour &c. n. ; smell, - of, - strong of; exhale ; give out a -smell Szc. n. ; scent. smell, scent ; snuff, - up ; sniff, nose, inhale. Adj. odor-ous, -iferous ; smelling, strong-scented ; redolent, grave elent, nidorous, pungent, [Relating to the sense of smell] olfactory, quick-scented. 399. Znodorousness. — it. in- odorousness ; absence -, want- of smell. V. be -inodorous &c. adj. ; not smell. deodorize. Adj. inodor-ous, -ate; scentless; without -, wanting- smell &c. 398. deodoriz-ed, -ing. 400. Fragrrance.— IT. fragrance, aroma, redolence, perfume, bouquet; sweet smell, aromatic perfume. incense ; musk, frankincense ; pastil, -le ; myrrh, perfumes of Arabia ; otto, ottar, attar ; bergamot, balm, civet, jmt- pouvri, pulvil : nosegay ; scent, -bag ; 401. Fetor.— w. fetor; bad &c. adj. -smell, - odour ; stench, stink ; foul -, mal- odour ; emiiyreumn ; nnistiness &c. adj. ; rancidity ; foulness &c, {unclean- ness) 653. stoat, polecat, skunk; assafoetidaf fungus, garlic ; stink-pot. Ill «00— -ftOS. MATTER. III. III. 2°. sachet, smelling bottle, vinaigj-ette ] eau de Cologne-, thurification. perfumer. V. be -fragrant &c. adj. ; have a -per- fume &c. n. ; smell sweet, scent, perfume, embalm. Adj. fragrant, aromatic, redolent, spic)'-, balmy, scented ; sweet-smelling, -scented; perfum-ed, -atory ; tburiferous; fragrant as a rose, muscadine, ambrosial. V. bave a -bad smell &c. n. ; smell ; stink, - in tbe nostrils, - like a polecat ; smell -strong &c. ad,j., - offensively. Adj. fetid ; strong-smelling ; bigh, bad, strong, fulsome, offensive, noisome, rank, rancid, reasty, tainted, musty, fusty, frouzy ; olid,-ou8 ; nidorous ; smell-, stink- ing ; putrid &c. 653 ; suflbcating, me- pbitic ; empyreumatic. 5, Sound. (i.) Sound in General. 4i02im Sound. — w. sound, noise, strain ; accent, twang, intonation, tone ; cadence ; sonorousness &c. adj. ; audi- "bility ; resonance &c. 408; voice &c. 580. [Science of sound] Acou-, Acu-stics ; Pbon-ics, -etics, -ology, -ograpby ; Dia- coustics, -pbonics. V. produce sound ; sound, make a noise ; give out -, emit- sound ; resound &c. 408. Adj. sounding ; soniferous ; sonor-ous, -ific; resonant, audible, distinct; ster- torous; pbonetic. 404. Zioudness.— x. loudness, power ; loud noise, din ; clang, -or ; clat- ter, noise, bombilation, roar, uproar, racket, huhhuh, fracas, charivari, trum- pet blast, fiourisb of trumpets, fanfare, tintamarre, peal, swell, blast, larum, boom ; resonance kc. 408. vociferation, buUaballoo, &c. 41 1; lungs; Stentor. artillery, cannon ; tbunder. V. be -loud &c. adj.; peal, swell, clang, boom, thunder, fulminate, roar; resound &c. 408 ; speak up, shout, &c. (vociferate) 411 ; bellow &c. (cry as a7i animal) 412, rend the -air, - skies; fill the air; din -, ring -, thunder- in the ear; pierce -, split -, rend- the -ears, - head ; deafen, stun ; faire le diahle a quatre ; make one's windows shake. Adj. loud, sonorous; high-, big- Bounding ; deep, full, powerful, noisy, clangorous, multisonous ; thun- dering, deafening, &c. v.; trumpet-tongued j ear-splitting, -rending, 112 403. Silence — W. silence; still- ness &c. (quiet) 265 ; peace, hush, lull ; muteness &c. 581 ; solemn -, awful -, dead -, deathlike- silence. V. be -silent &c. adj. ; hold one's tongue &c. (not speah) 585. render -silent &c. adj. ; silence, still, hush; stifle, muffle, stop; muzzle, put to silence &c. (^render mute) 581. Adj. silent; still, -y; noise-, sound- less; hushed kc. v.; mute ko,. 581. soft, solemn, awful, deathlike, silent as the grave ; inaudible &c. (faint) 405. Adv. silently kc. adj. ; suh silentio. Int. hush ! silence ! soft ! whist ! tush ! chut ! tut ! pax ! Phr. one might hear a -feather, - pin- drop. 405. Faintness. — nr. faintness kc. adj. ; faint sound, whisper, breath ; under-tone, -breath; mm-mur, hum, su- surration; tinkle; 'still small voice.' hoarseness &c. adj. ; raucity. V. whisper, breathe, murmur, purl, hum, gurgle, ripple, babble, flow; tinkle; mutter &c, (speak irnperfectly) 583. steal on the ear ; melt in -, float on- the air. Adj. inaudible; scarcely-, just- au- dible ; low, dull ; stifled, muffled ; hoarse, husky ; gentle, soft, faint ; floating ; purl- ing, flowing &c. V. ; whispered &c. v. ; liquid; soothing; dulcet &c. (me/orfwMs) Adv. in a whisper, with bated breath, sotto voce, between the teeth, aside ; pian- 0, -issimo; a la sourdine; out of earshot; inaudibly &c. adj. III. III. 2' ORGANIC MATTER. 404-412. ■deafening ; piercing ; obstreperous, rackety, uproarious ; enough to •wake the -dead, - seven sleepers. shrill &c. 410 ; clamorous &c. {vocife?'ous) 411; stentor-ian, -ophonic. Adv. loudly &c. adj. ; aloud ; at the top of one's voice, lustily, in full cry. Phr. the air rings with. I (ii.) Specific Sounbs. 406. [Sudden and violent sounds.] i 407. [Repeated and protracted Snap. — W. snap &c. V. ; rapping &c.^'.•, I sounds.] Roll. — MT. roll &c. v.; drum- de-, crepitation; report; thud; burst, ming &c. v.; tattoo; ding-dong; tantara; explosion, discharge, detonation, tiring, | rataplan ; whirr ; rat-a-tat ; rub-a-dub ; salvo, volley. j pit-a-pat; quaver, clutter, charivari, squib, cracker, gun, pop-gun. ! racket ; cuckoo ; repetition &c. 104 ; peal of V. rap, snap, tap, knock ; click; clash; ; bells, devil's tattoo; reverberation &c. 408. crack, -le ; crash ; pop ; slam, bang, clap ; ! V. roll, drum, rumble, rattle, clatter, brustle ; burst on the ear. | patter, clack. Adj, rapping &c. v. I hum, trill, shake; chime, peal, toll; tick, beat. 1 drum -, din- in the ear. Adj. rolling &c. v.; monotonous &c. {reiJcated) 104; like a bee in a bottle. 408. Resonance. — xr. reso- nance ; ring &c. v. ; ringing &c. v. ; re- flexion, reverberation. low -, base -, bass -, flat -, grave - deep- note ; bass ; hasso, - profondo ; bari-, bary-tone ; contralto. V. re-sound, -verberate, -echo ; ring jingle, gingle, chink, clink; tink, -le ; chime ; gurgle &c. 405 ; plash, guggle echo, ring in the ear. Adj. resounding &c. v.; resonant, tinnient, tintinnabulary ; deep- I toned, -sounding, -mouthed ; hollow, sepulchral ; grufi'«S:c. (/jcrrsA) 410. | 409. [Hissing sounds.] Sibilation. — X. sibilation ; hiss &c. V.', sternutation; high note &c. 410. goose, serpent. V. hiss, buzz, whiz, rustle: fizz, -le ; wheeze, whistle, snuffle; squash ; sneeze. Adj . sibilant ; hissing &c. v. ; wheezy. 410. [Harsh sounds.] Stridor. — W. creak &c. v. ; creaking &c. v. \ discord, &c. 414; stridor; roughness, sharpness, &c. «(//. ; cacophony. 408a. Non-resonance. — x. thud, thump, dead sound ; non-reso- nance ; muffled drums, cracked bell ; damper. V. sound dead ; stop -, damp- the -sound, - reverberations. Adj. non-resonant, dead. acute -, high- note so/j;: treble, tenor, alto, falsetto, penny trumpet, voce di testa. V. creak, grate, jar, burr, pipe, twang, jangle, clank, clink ; scream &c. {cry) 411 ; yelp kc. {animalsound) 412; buzz &c. {hiss) 409. set the teeth on edge, ecorcher les oreilles ; pierce -, split- the -ears, - head ; offend -, grate upon -, jar upon- the ear. Adj. creaking &c. v. ; stridulous, harsh, coarse, hoarse, horrisonous, rough, gruff", grum, sepulchral. sharp^, high, acute, shrill ; trumpet-toned ; piercing, ear-piercing ; cracked; discordant &c. 414; cacophonous. 411. Cry. — w. cry «&c.v.; voice &c. 1 412. [Animalsounds.] Ululation. {human) 580; bark &c. {aniiual) 412. I —X. cry &c. v.) crying &c. v.; ulula- 113 I 4tXl—4il^. MATTER. III. III. 2^ yociferation, outcry, huUaballoo, cho- rus, clamour, hue and cry, plaint ; lungs ; stentor. V. cry, roar, shout, bawl, brawl, hal- loo, halloa, hoop, whoop, yell, bellow tion, latration, belling ; reboation •, wood- note; insect cry, fritinancy, drone; screech owl ; cuckoo. V. cry, roar, bellow, blare, rebellow, bark, yelp; bay, - the moon; yap, howl, scream, screech, screak, shriek, ' growl, yarr, yawl, snarl, howl ; grunt, shrill, squeak, squeal, squall, whine, \ -le ; snort, squeak ; neigh, bray ; mew, pule, pipe, yaup. | mewl ; purr, caterwaul, pule ; bleat. cheer ; hoot ; grumble, moan, groan. snore, snort; grunt &c. {animal sounds) 412. vociferate; raise -, lift up- the voice; call -, sing -, cry- out ; exclaim ; rend the air ; thunder -, shout- at the -top of one's voice, - pitch of one's breath ; segosillei", strain the -throat, - voice, - lungs ; give a -cry &c. Adj. crying &c. V. ; clam-ant, -oro us ; vociferous ; stentorian &c. {loud) 404 ; open-mouthed. low, moo; troat, croak, crow, screech, caw, coo, gobble, quack, cackle, gaggle, guggle; chuck,-le; cluck, clack; chirp, chirrup, twitter, cuckoo; hum, buzz; hiss, blatter. Adj. crying &c. v.] blatant, latrant ; re-, mugient; deep-, full-mouthed. Adv. in full cry. (iii.) Musical Sounds. 413. melody. Concord. — nr. melody, rhythm, measure ; rhyme &c. {poetry) 597. pitch, timhre, intonation, tone. ofamut ; diapason ; diatonic -, chromatic -, enharmonic- scale; key. 414. Discord. — w. discord, -ance ; dissonance, cacophony, caterwauling; harshness &c. 410. [Confused sounds] Babel; Dutch -, cat's- concert; marrow-bones and clea- V. be -discordant &c. adj.; jar &c. {sound harshlij) 410. Adj. discordant; dis-, ab-sonant ; out of tune, tuneless ; un-musical, -tunable ; un-, im-melodious ; un-, in-harmonious ; sing-song ; cacophonous ; harsh &c. 410. clef, chords, modulation, temperament, syncope, syncopation, preparation, suspension, resolution. staff, stave, line, space, brace; bar, rest ; appoggia-to, -tura ; acciaccatura. note, musical note, notes of a scale ; sharp, flat, natural ; high note &c. {shrillness) 410; low note &c. 408; in- terval ; semitone ; second, third, fourth &c. ; diatessaron. breve, semibreve, minim, crotchet, quaver; semi-, demisemi-quaver ; sustained note, drone, burden. tonic ; key-, leading-, fundamental- note ; supertonic, mediant, dominant ; sub-mediant, -dominant ; octave, tetrachord ; major -, minor- -mode, - scale, - key ; passage, phrase. concord, harmony ; unison, -auce ; chime, homophony ; euphon-y, -ism ; tonality ; consonance ; concent ; part. [Science of harmony] Harmon-y, -ics ; Thorough-, Fundamental- bass; counterpoint; faburden, piece of music &c. 415 ; composer, harmonist, contrapuntist. V. be -harmonious &c. adj. ; harmonize, chime, symphonize, trans- pose ; put in tune, tune, accord, string. Adj. harmoni-ous, -cal ; in -concord &c. n., - tune, - concert ; uni- sonant, concentual, symphonizing, isotonic, homophonous, assonant. measured, rhythmical, diatonic, chromatic, enharmonic. melodious, musical ; tuneful, tunable ; sweet, dulcet, canorous ; mell-ow, -ifluous; soft; clear, - as a bell; silvery; euphon-ious, -ic, 114 III. III. 2='. ORGANIC MATTER. 413— «417. -ical ; S3'mphonious ; enchanting &c. i^pleamre-gimng) 829 ; fine-, | full-, silver-toned. I Adv. harmoniously &c. adj. \ 415. Music. — N. music; concert; strain, tune, air; melody &c. 413 ; arirt, arietta; piece of music, sonata; j-ond-u, -eau; pastorale, cava- tina, roulade, fantasia, concerto, overture, symphony, variations, cadenza ; cadence ; fugue, canon, serenade, notturno, dithyramb ; opera, operetta ; oratorio ; composition, movement ; stave. instrumental music ; full score ; minstrelsy, tweedledum and tweedle- dee, band, orchestra ; concerted piece, pot-pourn, capriccio. vocal music, vocalism ; chaunt, chant ; psalm, -ody ; hymn ; song Sec. (poem) 597 ; canticle, canzonet, cantata, bravura j lay, ballad, ditty, carol, pastoral, recitative, I'ecitativo, solfeggio. Lydian measures ; slow -music, - movement ; adagio &c. adv. ; minuet ; siren strains, soft music, lullaby ; dump ; dirge &c. (lament) 839 ; pibroch ; martial music, march ; dance music ; waltz &c. (dance) 840. solo, duet, duo, trio ; quartet, -t ; septett ; part song, descant, glee, madrigal, catch, round, chorus, chorale ; antiphon, -y ; accompaniment, second, bass ; score. composer &c. 413; musician &c. 416. V. compose, perform, &c. 416 ; attune. Adj. musical; instrumental, vocal, choral, lyric, operatic ; harmonious &c. 413. Adv. adagio ; largo, larghetto, andan-te, -tino ; alia capella ; maestoso, moderato ; allegr-o, -etto ; spiritoso, vivace, veloce ; prest-o, -ismno ; coji brio ; capriccioso ; sckerz-o, -ando ; legato, staccato, crescendo, diminu- endo, rallentando, affettuoso ; obbligato ; pizzicato. 416. ZHuslcian. [Performance of Music] — w. musician, artistcy performer, player, minstrel ; bard &c. (jjoet) 597 ; instrumental-, organ-, plan-, violin-, flaut-ist ; harper, fiddler, fifer, trumpeter, piper, drummer ; catgut scraper. band, orchestra, waits. vocal-, melod-ist ; singer, warbler ; songst-, chaunt-er, -ress ; cantatrice. choir, quire, chorister ; chorus, - singer. nightingale, philomel, thrush ; siren ; Orpheus, Apollo, the Muses, Erato, Euterpe, Terpsichore ; tuneful -nine, - quire. composer &c. 413. performance, execution, touch, expression, solmization. V. play, pipe, strike up, sweep the chords, tweedle, fiddle ; strike the lyre, beat the drum ; blow -, sound -, wind- the horn ; grind the organ ; touch the -guitar &c. (instruments) 417 ; thrum, strum, beat time. execute, perform ; accompany ; sing -, play- a second ; compose, set to music, arrange. sing, chaunt, chant, hum, warble, carol, chirp, chirrup, purl, quaver, trill, shake, twitter, whistle ; sol-fa ; intone. have -an ear for music, - a musical ear, - a correct ear. Adj. playing &c. v.; musical. Adv. adagio, andante. Sec. (music) 415. 417. Musical Instruments. — zr. musical instruments ; band; string-, brass-band ; orchestra ; orchestrina. [Stringed instruments] mono-, poly-chord; harp, lyre, lute, archlute; mandol-a, -in, -ine ; guitar ; zither ; cither, -n ; gittern, rebeck, bandur- rio, banjo. 115 I 2 417->421. MATTER. III. III. 2^ viol, -in ; fiddle, kit ; viola, - d' amove, - di gamha ; tenor, cremona, violoncello, bass ; bass-, base-viol ; theorbo, double-bass, contrabassoy violone, psaltery ; bow, fiddlestick. piano, -forte ; liarpsi-, clavi-, clari-, mani-chord ; clavier, spinet, vir- ginals, dulcimer, hurdy-gurdy, vielle, pianino, Eolian harp. [Wind instruments] organ ; harmoni-um, -phon; American -, barrel- organ ; accordion, seraphina, concertina : humming top. flute, fife, piccolo, flageolet ; clari-net, -onet ; baijiset horn, corno di bassetto, oboe, hautboy, cor Anglais, co?'no Inglese, bassoon, double bas- soon, contra fagotto, serpent, bass clarinet ; bag-, union-pipes ; musette, ocarina, Pandean pipes ; reed instrument ; sirene, pipe, pitch-pipe ; sour- det ; whistle, catcall. horn, bugle, cornet, cornet-a-^nstons, cornopean, clarion, trumpet, trombone, ophicleide ; French-, bugle-, sax-, flugel-, alt-, helican-, post- horn ; sackbut, euphonium, bombardon, tuba. [Vibrating surfaces] cymbal, bell, gong ; tambour, -ine ; drum, tom- tom ; tab-or, -ret, -ourine, -orin ; side-, kettle-drum ; tympani ; tymbal, timbrel, Castanet, bones ; musical-glasses, -stones ; harmonica, sounding- board, rattle. [Vibrating bars] reed, tuning-fork, triangle, Jew's harp, musical box, harmonicon, xylophone. sord-ine, -et ; sourd-iiie, -et ; mute. (iv.) PEiicEPTioisr OF Sound. 418. [Sense of sound] Hearing*. — N". hearing &c. v. ; audition, ausculta- tion ; eavesdropping ; audibility. acute -, nice -, delicate -, quick -, flharp -, correct -, musical -ear ; ear for music. ear, auricle,lug, acoustic organs, audi- tory apparatus, ear-drum, tympanum ; ear-, speaking-trumpet ; telephone, pho- nograph, microphone. hearer, auditor, listener, eavesdropper ; audi-tory, -ence. hear, give overhear ; hark, -en ; list, 419. Deafness. — w. deafness, hardness of hearing, surdity; inaudi- bility. V. be -deaf &c. adj. ; have no ear ; shut -, stop -, close- one's ears ; turn a, deaf ear to. render deaf, stun, deafen. Adj. deaf, earless, surd; hard -, duU- of hearing ; deaf-mute, stunned, deaf- ened ; stone deaf ; deaf as -a post, - an adder, - a beetle, - a trunkmaker. inaudible, out of hearing. V, -en ; give -, lend -, bend- an ear ; catch a sound, prick up one's ears ; give -a hearing, - audience- to. hang upon the lips of, be all ear, listen with both ears. become audible ; meet -, fall upon -, catch -, reach- the ear ; be heard ; ring in the ear &c. {resound) 408. Adj. hearing &c. v. ; auditory, auricular, acoustic. Adv. arrectis auribus. Znt. hark, - ye ! hear ! list, -en ! O yes ! Oyez ! 6. Light, (i.) Light in General. 420. liigrht.—w. light, ray, beam, 421. Darkness. — N". stream, gleam, streak, pencil ; sun-, &c. adj. ; blackness &c. {dark colou?') moon-beam; aurora. 43 1 ; obscurity, gloom, murk ; dusk&c. day ; sunshine ; light of -day, - heaven ; {dimness) 422. sun &c. {luminary) 432-, day-, broad day-, noontide- light ; noon-tide, -day. glow &c. v. ; glimmering &c. v. Cimmerian -, Stygian -, Egyptian- darkness ; night ; midnight ; dead of -, witching time of- night ; blind man's glint ; play -, flood- of light ; phospho- ! holiday ; darkness -visible, - that can be rescencf, lamlDcn': flamo. 'felt; palpable obscure ; Erebus. 116 III. III. 2' ORGANIC MATTER. 420-422. flush, halo, glory, nimbus, aureola. spark, scintilla ; facula) sparkling kc. V. ; emication, scintillation, tlash, blaze, coruscation, fulguration ; flame &c. {Jire) 382 ; lightning, ignis fatuus, &c. {lumi- nary) 423. lustre, sheen, shimmer, reflexion ; gloss, tinsel, spangle, brightness, bril- liancy, splendour ; efl-, re-fulgence ; ful- gor, -gidity ; dazzlement, resplendence, transplendency ; lurainousness &c. adj. ; luminosity ; lucidity ; re-, niteucy ; radi- ance, -ation ; irradiation, illumination. actinic rays, actinism ; phot-, heli-o- graphy ; photometer &c. 445. [Science of light] Optics ; Photo-logy, -metry; Di-, Cat-optrics. [Distribution of light] chiaroscuro, clair-ohscur, clear obscure, breadth, light and shade, black and white, tonality. reflection, refraction, dispersion. V. shine, glow, glitter ; glis-ter, -ten ; twinkle, gleam ; flare, - up ; glare, beam, shimmer, glimmer, flicker, sparkle, scin- tillate, coruscate, flash, blaze ; be -bright «&:c. adj. : reflect light, daze, dazzle, be- dazzle, radiate, shoot out beams. clear up, brighten. lighten, enlighten ; light, - up ; irra- diate, shine upon ; give -, hang out a- light ; cast -, throw -, shed- -lustre, - light- upon ; illum-e, -ine, -inate ; re- lume, strike a light ; kindle «S:c. {set Jire to) 384. Adj. shining &c. v. ; lumin-ous, -ifer- ous ; luc-id, -eut, -ulent, -ific, -iferous ; %ht, -some; bright, vivid, splendent, nitid, lustrous, shiny, beamy, sciutillant, radiant, lambent; sheen,' -y; glossy, burnished, glassy, sunny, orient, meri- dian ; noon-day, -tide ; cloudless, clear ; un-clouded, -obscured. gair-, gar-ish ; re-, tran-splendent ; re-, ef- fulgent; ful-gid, -gent; relucent, splendid, blazing, in a blaze, ablaze, ru- tilant, meteoric, phosphorescent; aglow. bright as silver ; light -, bright- as -day, - noonday, - the sun at noonday. actinic ; photo-genic, -graphic ; helio- graphic. shade, shadow, umbra, penumbra.; sciagraphy. obscuration ; ad-, ob-umbration ; ob- tenebration, otfuscation, caligation ; ex- tinction ; eclipse, total eclipse ; gather- ing of the clouds. shading ; distribution of shade ; chiar- oscuro &c. {light) 420. noctivagation. V. be -dark &c. adj. darken, obscure, shade ; dim ; tone down, lower ; over - cast, -shadow ; eclipse ; ob-, of-fuscate ; ob-, ad-umbrate ; cast into the shade ; be-cloud, -dim, -darken ; cast -, throw -, spread- a -shade, - shadow, - gloom. extinguish; put -, blow -, snufl- out; doubt. Adj. dark, -some, -ling ; obscure, te- nebrious, sombrous, pitch dark, pitchy ; caliginous ; black &c. (m colour) 431. sunless, lightless &c. {see sun, light, &c. 423) ; sombre, dusky ; unilluminated &c. {see illuminate &c. 420) ; nocturnal ; dingy, lurid, gloomy; murk-y, -some; shady, umbrageous ; overcast Sec. {dim) 422 ; cloudy &c. {opaque) 426 ; darkened kc. V. dark as -pitch, - a pit, - Erebus. benighted ; noctivag-ant, -ous. Adv. in the -dark, - shade. 422. Dimness.— IT. dimness &c. adj.\ darkness &c. 421 ; paleness &c. {light colour) 429. half-light, demi-jour ; partial -shadow, - eclipse ; shadow of a shade ; glim- mer, -ing ; nebulosity; cloud &c. 353; eclipse. aurora, dusk^ twilight, shades of even- ing, crepuscule, cockshut time ; break of day, daybreak, dawn. moon-light, -beam, -shine; star-, owl's-, candle-, rush-, flre-light ; farthing candle. V. be -, grow- -dim &c. adj. ; flicker, twinkle, glimmer ; loom, lower ; fade ; pale, - its ineffectual fire. render -dim &c. adj. ; dim, bedim, obscure. Adj. dim, dull, lack-lustre, dingy, darkish, shorn of its beams ; dark 42 1 . faint, shadowed forth; glassy; cloudy; misty, &c. {opaque) 426 ; muggy, fuli- obnubilated, overcast, crepuscular, muddy, ginous; nebul-ous, -ar lurid, leaden, dun, dirty ; looming &c. v. pale &c. {colourless^ "429 ; confused Sec. {invisible) 447 117 123—429. MATTER. III. HI. 2^. 424. Shade. — W. shade ; awn- ing &c. {cover) 223 ; parasol, sunshade, umbrella ; screen, curtain, shutter, blind, gauze, veil, mantle, mask ; cloud, mist, gathering of clouds. umbrage, glade; shadow &c. 421. V. draw a curtain ; put up -, close- a shutter ; veil &c. v. ; cast a shadow &c. {darken) 421. Adj. shady, umbrageous. 423. [Source of light, self-luminous body.] Xiuxninary. — w. luminary; li^ht &c. 420: flame &c. {Jire) 382. spark, scintilla ; phosphorescence. Bun, orb of day, Phoebus, Apollo, Aurora; star, orb, meteor; falling-, shooting- star; blazing -, dog- star; fcSirius, canicula, Aldebaran ; constella- tion, galaxy; northern light, aurora horealis, zodiacal light. lightning ; fork -, sheet -, summer- lightning ; phosphorus ; ignis fatuus ; Jack o' -, Friar's- lantern ; Will o' the wisp, fire-drake. Fata Morgana. glow-worm, fire-fly. [Artificial light] gas ; gas -, lime -, electric- light ; lamp ; lant-em, -horn ; dark lantern, bull's eye ; candle, bougie, taper, rush-light ; oil &c. (grease) 356 ; wick, burner ; Argand, moderator, duplex ; torch, flambeau, link, brand ; gas-, chand-elier ; candelabrum, girandole, sconce, lustre, candlestick. firework, fizgig; pyrotechnics; rocket, lighthouse, &c. {signal) 550. V. illuminate &c. {light) 420. Adj. self-luminous; phosphor-ic, -escent ; radiant &c. {light) 420. 425. Transparency.-xr. trans- paren-ce, -cy ; translucen-ce, -cy ; dia- phaneity ; luc-, pelluc-, limp-idity. transparent medium, glass, crystal, lymph, water. V. be -transparent &c. adj. ; transmit light. Adj. transparent, pellucid, lucid, di- aphanous ; trans-, tra-, re-lucent ; lim- pid, clear, serene, crystalline, clear as crystal, vitreous, transpicuous, glassy, hvaline. 426. Opacity. — X. opacity; opa- queness &c. adj. film ; cloud &c. 353. V. be -opaque &c. adj. ; obstruct the passage of light ; ob-, oi-fuscate. Adj. opaque, impervious to light. dim &c. 422; turbid, thick, muddy, opacous, obfuscated, fuliginous, cloudy, hazy, misty, foggy, vaporous, nubifer- ous, muggy. smoky, fumid, murky, dirty. 427. Semltransparency.— wr. semitransparency, opalescence, milki- ness, pearliness ; gauze, muslin ; film ; mist &c. {cloud) 353. Adj. semi-transparent, -pellucid, -diaphanous, -opacous, -opaque ; opal-escent, -ine ; pearly, milky. (ii.) Specific Light. 428. Colour.— wr. colour, hue, tint, tinge, dye, complexion, shade, tinc- ture, cast, livery, coloration, glow, flush; tone, key. pure -, positive -, primary-, primitive -, complementary- colour ; three prima- ries; spectrum, Chromatic dispersion; broken -, secondary -, tertiary-colour. local colour, colouring, keeping, tone, value, aerial perspective. [Science of colour] Chromatics, spec- trum analysis ; prism, spectroscope. pigment, colouring matter, paint, dye, 118 429. [Absence of colour.] Achro- matism. — MT. achromatism ; de-, dis- coloration ; pall-or, -idity ; paleness &c. adj. ; etiolation ; neutral tint, mono- chrome, black-and-white. V. lose -colour &c. 428 ; fade, fly, go ; become -colourless &c. adj. ; turn pale, pale. deprive of colour, decolorize, bleach, tarnish, achromatize, blanch, etiolate, wash out, tone down. Adj. uncoloured kc. {see colour &c. 428) ; colourless, achromatic, aplanatic. III. III. 2' ORGANIC MATTER. 428—433. wash, distemper, stain ; medium; mor- j hueless, pale, pallid ; pale-, tallow-faced ; dant: oW-^oAixt kc. {painting) 556. ^ | faint, dull, cold, muddy, leaden, dun, V. colour, dye, tinge, stain, tint, 1 wan, sallow, dead, dingy, ashy, ashen, tinct, paint, wash, ingrain, grain, illu- { ghastly, cadaverous, glassy, lack-lustre ; discoloured &c. v. light-coloured, fair, blonde ; white &c. 430-^ pale as -death, - ashes, - a witch, - a ghost, - a corpse. minate, emblazon, bedizen, imbue ; paint &c. (Jine art) 556. Adj. coloured &c. v. ; colorific, tin- gent, tinctorial ; chromatic, prismatic ; full-, high-, deep-coloured ; doubly-dyed ; polychromatic. bright, vivid, intense, deep ; fresh, unfaded ; rich, gorgeous ; gay. gaudy, florid ; gai-, ga-rish ; showy, flaunting, flashy ; raw, crude ; glaring, flaring ; discordant, inharmonious. mellow, harmomous, pearly, sweet, delicate, tender, refined. 430. Whiteness. — u. whiteness &C. adj.; argent. albification, etiolation. snow, paper, chalk, milk, lily, ivory, silver, alabaster. V. be -white &c. adj. render -white &c. adj.; whiten, bleach, blanch, etiolate, whitewash, silver. Adj. white; milk-, snow-white; snowy, niveous, candid, chalky; hoar, -y ; silvery ; argent, -ine. whitish, creamy, pearly, fair, Uonde ; blanched &c. v. ; high in tone, light. white as -a sheet, - driven snow, - a lily, - silver ; like -ivory &c. n. 431. Blackness. — N". blackness &c. adj. ; darkness &c. {icant of light) 421 ; swarthness, lividity, dark colour, tone, colour; chiai'oscui'o &c. 420. nigrification, infuscation. jet, ink, ebony, coal, pitch, soot, char- coal, sloe, smut, raven, crow ; negro, blackamoor, man of colour, nigger, darkie, Ethiop, black. [Pigments] lamp -, ivory -, blue- black; writing -, printing -, printer's -, Indian- ink. V. be -black &c. adj. render -black &c. adj.) blacken, in- fuscate, denigrate ; blot, -ch ; smutch ; smirch ; darken &c. 421. Adj. black, sable, swarthy, sombre, dark, inky, ebon, atramentous, jetty; coal-, jet-black ; fuliginous, pitchy, sooty, swart, dusky, dingy, murky, Ethiopic ; low-toned, low in tone ; of the deepest dye. black as -jet &c, w., - my hat, - a shoe, - a tinker's pot, - November, - thunder, - midnight ; nocturnal &c. (dark) 421 ; nigrescent; gray &c. 432 ; obscure &c. 421. Adv. in mourning. 432. Gray.— M". gray kc. adj. ; neutral tint, silver, pepper and salt, chiaroscuro, gi'isaille. [Pigments] Pavne's gray ; black &c. 431- ^ Adj. gray, grey: iron-gray, dun^drab, dingy, leaden, livid, sombre, sad, pearly, russet, roan ; silver, -y, -ed ; ash-en, -y ; ciner-eous, -itious ; grizzl-y, -ed ; slate-, stone-, mouse-, ash-coloured ; cool. 433. Brown. — »r. brown &c. adj. [Pigments] bistre, ochre, sepia, Van- dyke brown. Adj. brown, bay, dapple, auburn, chestnut, nutbrown, cinnamon, russet, tawny, fuscous, chocolate, maroon, foxy, tan, brunette, whitey - brown ; fawn-, snufF-, liver-coloured ; brown as -a berry, - mahogany. sun-burnt ; tanned &c. v. V. render -brown &c. adj. ; tan, em- brown, bronze. 119 434—439. MATTER. III. III. 2^ Primitive Colours.* 434. Redness. — u. red, scarlet, vermilion, carmine, crimson, pink, lake maroon, carnation, couleur de rose, rose du Barry ; magenta, damask, purple ; flesh -colour, - tint; colour; fresh -, high- colour ; "warmth ; gules. ruby, carbuncle; rose; rust, iron- mould. [Dyes and pigments] cinnabar, co- chineal ; fuchsine ; ruddle, madder, red- lead ; Indian -, light -, Venetian- red ; red ink, annotto. redness &c. adj. ; rub-escence, -icun- dity, -ification ; erubescence, blush. V. be -, become- -red &c. adj. ; blush, flush, colour up, mantle, redden. render -red &c. adj. ; redden, rouge ; rub-ify, -ricate ; incarnadine ; ruddle. Adj. red &c. n., -dish ; rufous, ruddy, florid, incarnadine, sanguine ; ros-y, -eate ; blo\vz-y, -ed ; burnt ; rubi-cund, -form ; lurid, stammel, blood-red ; russet, buff", murrey, carroty, sorrel, lateritious. rose-, ruby-, cherry-, claret-, flame-, flesh-, peach-, ealmon-, brick-, brickdust-coloured. blushing &c. v. ; erubescent ; reddened &c. v. red as -fire, - blood, - scarlet, - a turkeycock, - a lobster ; warm, hot; foxy. Complementary Colours. 435. G-reenness.— M". green &c. adj. ; blue and yellow ; vert. emerald, verd antique, verdigris, mala- chite, beryl, aquamarine. [Pigments] terre vei-te, verditer. greenness, verdure ; virid-ity, -escence. Adj. green, verdant; glaucous, olive; green as grass. emerald -, pea -, grass -, apple -, sea -, olive -, bottle- green. greenish ; vir-ent, -escent. 437. Purple.— W. purple &c. adj. ; blue and red, bishop's purple ; aniline dyes, gridelin, amethyst; purpure. livid-ness, -ity. V. empurple, Adj . purple, violet, plurn-coloured, la- vender, lilac, puce, mauve ; livid. 436. ITellowness. — w. yellow &c. adj.] or. [Pigments] gamboge ; cadmium -, In- dian -, lemon- yellow ; orpiment, yellow ochre, Claude tint, aureolin. crocus, saffron, topaz. jaundice ; London fog ; yellowness &c. adj. Adj. yellow, aureate, golden, flavous, citrine, fallow ; fulv-ous, -id ; sallow, luteous, tawny, creamy, sandy; xanth-ic, -ous; jaundiced. gold-, citron-, sattron-, lemon-, sulphur-, amber-, straw-, primrose-, cream-coloured. yellow as a -quince, - guinea, - crow's foot. warm, advancing. 438. Blueness. — xi. blue &c. adj. ; garter-blue ; watchet. [Pigments] ultramarine, smalt, cobalt, cyanogen ; Prussian -, syenite- blue ; bice, indigo. lapis lazuli, sapphire, turquoise. blue-, bluish-ness ; bloom. Adj. blue, azure, cerulean ; sky-blue, -coloured, -dyed ; bluish ; atmospheric, retiring; cold. * The author's classification of colours has been retained, though it does not entirely accord with the theories of modern science. I20 439. Orangre. — ir. orange, red and yellow ; gold ; or ; flame &c. colour; adj. [Pigments] ochre. Mars orange, cad- mium. V. gild, warm. Adj. orange ; ochreous ; orange-, gold-, flame-, copper-, brass-, apricot- coloured ; warm, hot, glowing. m. III. OKGANlO MATTER. ^40—442. '3:40. Variegration. — wr. variegation ; cli-, tri-chroism : iridescence, play of colours, polychrome, maciilation, spottiness, striae. spectrum, rainbow, iris, tulip, peacock, chameleon, butterfly, tortoise- shell ; mackerel, - sky ; zebra, leopard, mother-of-pearl, opal, marble. check, plaid, tartan, patchwork: mar-, par-quetry; mosaic, te^ercs^ chess-board, checkers, chequers ; harlequin ; Joseph's coat ; tricolour. V. be -variegated &c. adj, ; variegate, stripe, streak, checker, chequer; be-, speckle ; be-, sprinkle ; stipple, maculate, dot, bespot ; tattoo, iulay, damascene ; embroider, braid, quilt. Adj. variegated &c. v.; many-coloured, -hued; divers-, party- coloured : di-, poly-chroraatic ; bi-, tri-, ver.'i-colour ; of all- the colours of the rainbow, - manner of colours ; kaleidoscopic. iridescent : opal-ine, -escent ; prismatic, nacreous, pearly, shot, (/or(/e de pigeon, chaioijimt. pied, piebald ; motley; mottled, marbled; pepper and salt, paned, dap- pled, clouded, cymophanous. mosaic, tesselated, plaid ; tortoiseshell &c. n. spott-ed, -y; punctated, powdered ; speckled &c. i". ; freckled, flea-bit- ten, studded ; tieck-ed, -ered; striated, barred, veined; brind-ed, -led; tabby; watered; grizzled; listed; embroidered &c. r. ; daedal. (iii.) Pekceptions of Light. 4*1. Vision.— W. vision, sight, optics, eye-sight. view, look, espial, glance, ken, coup da^il ; glimpse, peep ; gaze, stare, leer ; perlustration, contemplation ; conspect- ion, -uity; regard, survey; in-, intro- spection ; reconnaissance, speculation, watch, espionage, espionnage, autopsy ; ocular -inspection, - demonstration ; sight-seeing. point of view ; gazebo, loop-hole, bel- vedere, watch-tower. field of view; theatre, amphitheatre, arena, vista, horizon; commanding -, bird's eye- view ; periscope. visual organ, organ of vision ; eye ; naked -, unassisted- eye; retina, pupil, iris, cornea, white ; optics, orbs ; saucer -, goggle -, gooseberry- eyes. short sight &c. 443 ; clear -, sharp -, 442. Blindness.— IT. blindness, cecity, excecation, amaurosis, cataract, ablepsy, prestriction ; dimsightedness &c. 443. V, be -blind &c. adj. ; not see ; lose sight of ; have the eyes bandaged ; grope in the dark. not look ; close -, shut -, turn away -, avert- the eyes ; look another way ; wink &c. {limited vision) 443 ; shut the eyes -, be blind- to ; wink -, blink- at. render -blind &c. adj. ; blind, -fold ; hoodwink, dazzle ; put one's eyes out ; throw dust into one's eyes ; jeter de la poudre aux yeux ; screen from sight &c. {hide) 528. Adj. blind ; eye-, sight-, vision-less ; dark; stone-, sand-, stark-blind ; undis- cerning; dimsighted *&c. 443. blind as -a bat, - a buzzard, - a beetle, - a mole, - an owl ; wall-eyed. blinded &c. v. Adv. blind-ly, -fold ; darkly. quick -, eagle -, piercing -, penetrating- -sight, - glance, - eye ; perspicacity, dis- cernment; catopsis. eagle, hawk ; cat, lynx ; Argus. evil eye ; basilisk, cockatrice. V. see, behold, discern, perceive, have in sight, descry, sight, make out, discover, distinguish, recognize, spy, espy, ken; get -, have -, catch- a -sight, - glimpse- of; command a view of; witness, contem- plate, speculate ; cast -, set- the eyes on ; be a -spectator &c. 444- of; look on c^'c. (be present) 186; see sights &c. {curiosity) 455; see at a glance &:c. {intelligence) 498. look, view, eye ; lift up the eyes, open one's eye ; look -at, -on, - upon, - over, - about one, - round ; survey, scan, inspect ; run the eye -over. 4^-1—44:5. MATTER. III. in. 2° - through ; reconnoitre, glance -round, - on, - over ; turn -, hend- ones looks upon ; direct the ej^es to, turn the eyes on, cast a glance. observe &c. {attend to) 457; watch &c. {care) 459; see with one's own eves ; watch for 8lc. {expect) 507 ; peep, peer, pr}^, take a peep ; play at bo-peep. look- -full in the face, - hard at, - intently ; strain one's eyes ; fix -, rivet- the eyes upon ; stare, gaze ; pore over, gloat on ; leer, ogle, glare; goggle; cock the eye, squint, gloat, look askance. Adj. seeing &c. v. ; visual, ocular ; optic, -al ; ophthalmic. clear-sighted &c. n. ; eagle-, hawk-, lynx-, keen-, Argus-eyed. visible &c. 446. Adv. visibly &c. 446; in sight of, with one's eyes open. at -sight, - first sight, - a glance, - the first blush; prima facie. Int. look! &c. {attention) 457. Phr. the scales falling from one's eyes. 443. [Imperfect vision.] Dimsigrhtedness. [Fallacies of vision.] — ar. dim -, dull -, half -, short -, near -, long -, double -, astigmatic -, failing- sight ; dim &c. -sightedness ; purblindness, lippitude ; my-, presby-opia ; confusion of vision ; astigmatism ; colour-blindness, chro- mato-pseiido-blepsis. Daltonism ; nyctaiopy ; strabismus, is,ivdih\s>m, squint. cast in the eye, swivel eye, goggle eyes ; obliquity of vision. winking «&c. v. ; nictitation ; blinkard, albino. dizziness, swimming, scotomy ; cataract ; ophthalmia. [Limitation of vision] blinker; screen &c. {hider) 530. [Fallacies of vision] deceptio visits ; refraction, distortion, illusion, false light, anamorphosis, virtual image, spectrum, mirage, looming, phasma ; phant-asui, -asma, -om ; vision; spectre, apparition, ghost ; i(jnis fatuus &c. {luminary) 423 ; spectre of the Brocken ; magic mirror ; magic lan- tern &o. {shoto) 448 ; mirror, lens, &c. {instrument^ 445. V. be -dimsighted &c. n. ; see double ; have a -mote in the e}e, - mist before the eyes, - film over the eyes ; see through a -prism, - glass darkly ; wink, blink, nictitate ; squint ; look ask-ant, -ance ; screw up the eyes, glare, glower. dazzle, loom. Adj. dimsighted &c. ?i, ; my-, presby-opic ; astigmatic; moon-, mope-, blear-, goggle-, gooseberry-, one-eyed ; blind of one eye, monoculous ; half-, pur-blind. blind as a bat &c. {hliiuT) 442 ; winking &c. v. 444. Spectator.— N". spectator, beholder, observer, looker-on, on- looker, witness, eye-witness, bystander, passer by; sight-seer. spy ; sentinel &c. {loarnimf) 668. V. witness, behold &c. {see) 441 ; look on &c. {be j^'esent) 186. 445. Optical Instruments. — w. optical instruments; lens, meniscus, magnifier; micro-, mega-, tieno-scope; spectacles, glasses, bar- nacles, goggles, eyeglass, pince-nez ; periscopic lens ; telescope, glass, lorg- nette, binocular ; spy-, opera-, field-glass. mirror, reflector, speculum ; looking-, pier-, cheval-glass. prism ; cumcra-lucida, -obscura ; magic lantern &c. (shoiv) 448 ; chro-, thau-matrope ; stereo-, pseudo-, poly-, kaleido-scope. photo-, erio-, actino-, luci-, radio-meter; polari-, polemo-, spectro- scope. microscop-y, -ist. 122 III. III. 2' ORGANIC MATTER. 446— '149. 446. Visibility.— N. yisibility, perceptibility ; conspicuousness, dis- tinctness kc. adj. ; conspiciiity ; appear- ance &c. 448 ; exposure ; manifestation »&c. 525 ; ocular -proof, - evidence, - demonstration ; field of view &c. {vision) 441. V. be -, become- -visible &:c. adj. ; appear, open to the view : meet -, catch- the eye ; present -, show -, manifest -, produce -, discover-, reveal -, expose -, betray- itself ; stand -forth, - out ; show ; arise ; peep -, peer -, crop- out ; start -, spring -, show -, turn -, crop- up ; glimmer, loom ; glare ; burst forth ; burst upon the -view, - sight ; heave in sight ; come -in sight, - into view, - out, - forth; - forward : see the light of day ; break through the clouds ; make its appearance, show its face, appear to one's eyes, come upon the stage, float before the eyes, speak for itself Sea. {manifest) 525 ; attract the attention &c, 457 ; reappear ; live in a glass house. 447. Invisibility. — St. invisi- bility, non-appearance, imperceptibility ; indistinctness &c. adj.) mystery, deli- tescence. concealment &c. 528 ; latency &c. 526. V. be -invisible &c. adj. ; be hidden &c. {hide) 528 ; lurk &c. {lie hidden) 526 ; escape notice. render -invisible kc. adj. ; conceal &c. 528 ; put out of sight. not see ifcc. {be blind) 442 ; lose sight of. Adj. invisible, imperceptible; un-, in-discernible un-, non-apparent; out of -, not in- sight ; a jjerte de vue ; be- hind the -scenes, - curtain ; view-, sight- less ; in-, un-conspicuous ; unseen tfcc. {see see &c. 441); covert &c. {latent) 526 ; eclipsed, under an eclipse. dim &c. {faint) 422 ; mysterious, dark, obscure, confused; indistin-ct, -guishable ; shadowy, indefinite, unde- fined ; ill-defined, -marked ; blurred, fuzzy, out of focus ; misty &c. {opaque) 426 ; veiled Szc. {concealed) 528. expose to view &c. 525 Adj. visible, perceptible, perceivable, discernible, apparent; in -view, - full view, - sight ; exposed to view, en evidence ; unclouded, obvious &c, {manifest) 525; plain, clear, distinct, definite ; well- defined, -marked; in ibcus; recognizable, palpable, autoptical ; glaring, staring, conspicuous; stereoscopic ; in -bold, - strong- lelief. periscopic, panoramic. before -, under- one's eyes ; before one, a vue d^wil, in one's eye, ocu- lis suhjectajidelibus. Adv. visibly &c. adj. ; in sight of; before one's eyes &c. adj.; veluti in speculum. 448. Appearance.— ir. appear- ance, phenomenon, sight, spectacle, show, premonstration, scene, species, view, coup (Fceil ; look-out, out-look, prospect, vis- ta, perspective, bird's-eye view, scenery, landscape, picture, tableau ; display, ex- posure, mise en scene ; rising of the cur- tain. phant-asm, -om, Szc. {fallacy of vision) 443- pageant, spectacle ; peep-, raree-, gal- lanty-show; ombres chinoises', magic-lan- tern, phantasmagoria, dissolving views ; pan-, di-, cosm-, ge-orama ; coup -, jeu- de theatre ; pageantry &c. {ostentation) 882; insignia &c. {indication) 550. aspect, phase, phasis, seeming ; shape &c. (form) 240 ; guise, look, complexion, colour, image, mien, air, cast, carriage, I 449. Disappearance. — xr. dis- j appearance, evanescence, eclipse, occul- I tation. ; departure &:c. 293 ; exit ; vanishing ! point ; dissolving views. I V. disappear, vanish, dissolve, fade, ' melt away, pass, go, avaunt ; be -gone i &c. adj. ; leave -no trace, - ' not a rack i behind ' ; go oft' the stage «S:c. {depart) j 293 ; suffer -, undergo- an eclipse ; re- i tire from sight. I lose sight of. I efface, &c. 552. \ Adj . disappearing &c. r. ; evanescent; missing, lost; lost to -sight, - view; gone. Znt. vanish ! disappear ! avaunt ! &c. {ejection) 297. 23 448. MATTER. III. III. 2' port, demeanour ; presence, expression, first blush, face of the thing; point of view, light. lineament, feature, trait, lines ; out-line, -side ; contour, face, coun- tenance, physiognomy, visage, phiz, cast of countenance, profile, tour- nure, cut of one's jib, metoposcopy ; outside &c. 220. V. appear ; be -, become- visible &c. 446 ; seem, look, show ; pre- sent -, wear -, carry -, have -, bear -, exhibit -, take -, take on -, assume- the -appearance, - semblance- of; look like; cut a figure, figure; present to the view; show &c. {jnake manifest) 525. Adj. apparent, seeming, ostensible; on view. Adv. apparently ; to all -seeming, - appearance ; ostensibly, seem- ingly, as it seems, on the face of liy prima facie ; at the first blush, at first sight ; in the eves of ; to the eye. 124 IV. (I.) I. OPEKATIONS, ETC., OF INTELLECT. 450—452. CLASS IV. Words relating to the INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES. Division (I.) FORMATION OF IDEAS. Section I. OrERATioxs of Intellect in General. 450. Intellect. — X . intellect, ( 450 a. Absence or want of Zn- mind, imderstanding, reason, thinking ! tellect. — W. absence -, want- of -in- principle ; rationality ; cogitative -, in- I tellect &:c. 450 ; imbecility iSrc. 499 ; tellectual- faculties ; faculties, senses, brutality ; brute -instinct, - force, consciousness, observation, percipience, 1 Adj. unendowed with reason, intelligence, intellection, intuition, as- sociation of ideas, instinct, conception, ; judgment, wits, parts, capacity, iutel- j lectuality, genius; wit &c. 498; abilitv &c. (skill) 698; wisdom &c. 498. soul, spirit, ghost, inner man, heart, breast, bosom, 2)onetralia mentis, divina jyartk-ula aurce, heart's core. organ -, seat- of thought ; semorium, sensory, brain ; head, -piece ; pate, noddle, skull, scull, ^j«-i'c?Ymj«w2, cerebrum, a-anium, brain-pan, sconce, upper story. [Science of mind] Metaphysics ; Psych-ics. -ology: Ideology; Men- tal -, Moral- Philosophy ; Philosophy of the Mind ; Pneumat-, Phren- ology ; Cranio-logy, -scopy. ideal-ity, -ism; transcendental-, spiritual-ism; immateriality &c. 317. metaphysician, pyschologist, &c. V. note, notice, mark ; take -notice, - cognizance- of : be -aware, - conscious- of; realize; appreciate; ruminate kc. (think) 451: fancy &c. (imagine) 515. Adj. [Relating to intellect] intellectual, mental, rational, subjec- tive, metaphysical, nooscopic, spiritual ; ghostly ; psych-ical, -ological; cerebral. immaterial &c. 317; endowed with reason. Adv. in petto. 451. Thoug'ht. — KT. thought ; 1 452. [Absence or want of thought.] exercitation -, exercise- of the intellect; Zncogritancy. — W. incogitancy, va- reflection, cogitation, consideration, me- i cancy, inundei standing; fatuity &c. 499 ; ditation, study, lucubration, speculation, | thoughtlessness &c. (inattention) 458. deliberation, pondering; head-, brain- | . V. not -think &c. 451 ; not think of ; work; cerebration: deep reflection ; close j dismiss from the -mind, - thoughts &c. study, application, &c. (attentimi) 457. ■ 451. abstract thought, abstraction, contem- | indulge in reverie &c. (he inattentive) plation, musing; brown studv &c. (inat- : 458. 125 451—454. INTELLECT. IV. (L) I. put away thought ; unbend -, relax -, divert- the mind. Adj. vacant, unintellectual, unideal, unoccupied, unthinking, inconsiderate, thoughtless ; absent &c. {inattentive) 458 ; diverted; irrational &c. 499; narrow- minded &c. 481. un-thouglit of, -dreamt of, -considered ; oiF one's mind; incogitable, not to be thouofht of. tention) ^^Z] reverie, Platonism; depth of thought, workings of the mind, thoughts, inmost thoughts; self-coun- sel, -communing, -consultation. association -, succession -, flow -, train -, current- of -thought, - ideas. after -, mature- thought ; reconsidera- tion, second thoughts ; retrospection &c. {memoi'y) 505 ; excogitation ; examina- tion &c. {inquiry) 461; invention &c. {imagination) 515. thoughtfulness &c. adj. V. think, reflect, cogitate, excogitate, consider, deliberate ; bestow -thought, - consideration -upon ; specu- late, contemplate, meditate, ponder, muse, dream, ruminate ; brood -, con- over ; animadvert, study; bend -, apply- the mind, &c. {attend) 45/ ; digest, discuss, hammer at, weigh, perpend ; realize, appreciate ; fancy &c. {imagine) 515; trow. take into consideration ; take counsel &c. {he advised) 695 ; com- mune with -, bethink- oneself; collect one's thoughts; revolve -, turn over -, run over- in the mind ; chew the cud -, sleep- upon ; take counsel of -, advise with- one's pillow. rack -, ransack -, crack -, beat -, cudgel- one's brains ; set one's -brain, - wits- to work. harbour >-, entertain -, cherish -, nurture- an -idea &c. 453; take into one's head ; bear in mind ; reconsider. occur ; present -, suggest- itself; come -, get- into one's head ; strike one, flit across the view, come uppermost, run in one's head ; enter -, pass in -, cross -, flash on -, flash across -, float in -, fasten itself on -, be uppermost in -, occupy- the mind ; have in one s mind. make an impression ; sink -, penetrate- into the mind ; engross the thoughts. Adj. thinking &c. v. ; thoughtful, pensive, meditative, reflective, museful, wistful, contemplative, speculative, deliberative, studious, se- date, introspective, Platonic, philosophical. lost in thought &c. {inattentive) 458 ; deep musing &c. {intent) 457. Adv. all things considered. Plir. the mind being on the stretch ; the -mind, running- upon. head- -turning, - 453. [Object of thought] Idea. — W. idea, notion, conception, thought, apprehension, impression, perception, image, eih(o\ov, sentiment, reflection, ob- servation, consideration; abstract idea. view &c. {opinion) 484; theory &c. 514; conceit, fancy ; phantasy »&c. {imagi- nation) 515. point of view &c. {aspect) 448; field of view. 126 Adj. thought of Adv. under consideration carpet, - the ta^ns ; relative to &c. 9. 454. [Subject of thought, vo^fiaTa."] Topic. — wr. subject of -, material for- thought ; food for the mind, mental pa- bulum. subject, -matter; matter, theme, voi]- fiara, topic, what it is about, thesis, text, business, aflair, matter in hand, argu- ment ; motion, resolution ; head, chapter ; case, point : proposition, theorem ; field of inquiry ; moot point, problem, &c. {question) 461. V. float -, pass- in the mind, &c. 451. uppermost in the mind ; in petto. in -question, - the mind ; on -foot, - the IV. (I.) II. OPERATIONS, ETC., OF INTELLECT. 455—458. Section II. Pkecursoey Conditions and Operations. 455. [The desire of knowledge.] Curiosity. — N". interest, thirst for knowledge ; curi-osity, -ousness ; inquir- ing mind ; inquisitiveness. sight- seer, quidnunc, newsmonger, Paul Pry, eavesdropper ; gossip &c. (neivs) 532. V. be -curious &c. adj. ; take an inte- rest in, stare, gape ; prick up the ears, see sights, lionize ; pry. Adj. curious, inquisitive, burning with curiosity, overcurious ; inquiring &c. 461 ; prying; inquisitorial; agape c^c. (e. Phr. what's the matter ? what next ? 456. [Absence of curiosity.] In- curiosity.— W. incuriosity ; incurious- ness &c. adj. ; insouciance &c. 866 ; in- difference. V. be -incurious &c. adj.; have no -curiosity &c. 455 ; take no interest in &c. 823 : mind one's own business. Adj. incurious, uninquisitive, indiffe- rent ; impassive &c. 823. rpectant) 507. 457. Attention. — ir. attention ; mindfulness &c. adj.; intent-ness, -ive- ness ; thought &c. 45 1 ; adverten-ce, -cy ; observ-ance, -ation ; consideration, reflection, perpension ; heed ; particida- rity ; notice, regard, &c. v. ; circumspec- tion &c. (care) 459 ; study, scrutiny ; in-, intro-spection ; revis-ion, -al. active -, diligent-, exclusive-, minute -, close -,intense-, deep-, profound-, ab- stract -, laboured -, deliberate- -thought, - attention, - application, - study, minuteness, attention to detail, absorption of mind &c. {abstraction) 458. indication, calling attention to, &c. v. V. be -attentive &c. adj. ; attend, ad- vert to, observe, look, see, view, remark, notice, regard, take notice, mark ; give -, pay- -attention, - heed- to ; incline -, lend- an ear to ; trouble one's head about ; give a thought -, animadvert- to ; occupy oneself with ; contemplate &c. {think of) 45 1 ; look -at, - to, - after, - into, - over ; see to ; turn -, bend -, apply -, direct -, give- the -mind, - eye, - atten- tion -to ; have -an eye to, - in one's eye ; bear in mind ; take into -account, - con- sideration ; keep in -sight, - view ; have regard to, heed, mind, take cognizance of, entertain, recognize ; make -, take- note of ; note. examine cursorily; glance -at, - upon, - over ; cast -, pass- the eyes over ; run over, turn over the leaves, dip into, per- stringe ; skim &c. {neglect) 460 ; take a cursory view of. 458. Inattention. — w. in-at- tention, -consideration ; inconsiderate- ness &c. adj. ; oversight ; inadverten-ce, -cy ; non-observance, disregard. supineness &c. {inactivity) 683 ; etoiir- derie; want of thought; heedlessness &c. {neglect^ 460; insouciance &c. {in- difference) 866. abstraction ; absence -, absorption- of mind ; preo ccupation, distraction, reverie , brown study, deep musing, fit of abstrac- tion. V. be -inattentive &c. adj.; overlook, disregard; pass by &c. {neglect) 460; not -observe &c. 457 ; think little of. close -, shut- one's eyes to ; pay no attention to ; dismiss -, discard -, dis- charge- from one's -thoughts, - mind ; drop the subject, think no more of; set -, turn -, put- aside ; turn -away from, - one's attention from, - a deaf ear to, - one's back upon. abstract oneself, dream, indulge in reverie. escape -notice, - attention ; come in at one ear and go out at the other ; for- get ^'C. {have no remembrance) 506. call off -, draw off -, call away -, divert -, distract- the -attention, - thoughts, - mind ; put out of one's head ; dis-concert, -compose ; put out, confuse, perplex, bewilder, moider, fluster, mud- dle, dazzle ; throw a sop to Cerberus. Adj. inattentive ; un-observant, -mind- ful, -heeding, -discerning ; inadvertent ; mind-, regard-, respect-less ; listless &c. {indiffei'ent) S66; blind, deaf ; handover 127 457—460. INTELLECT. IV. (I.) II, examine, - closely, - intently ; scan, scrutinize, consider ; give -, bend- one's mind to ; overhaul, revise, pore over ; inspect, review, pass under review; take stock of; fix -, rivet -, devote- the -eye, - mind, - thoughts, - attention- on or to ; hear -, think- out ; miud one's business. revert to ; watch &c. (expect) 507, (take care of) 459 ; hearken -, listen- to ; prick up the ears ; have -, keep- the eyes open ; come to the point. meet with attention ; fall under one's -notice, - observation ; be -under con- sideration &c. (topic) 454. catch -, strike- the eye ; attract notice ; catch -, awaken -, wake -, invite -, solicit -, attract -, claim -, excite -, en- gage -, occupy -, strike -, arrest -, fix -, engross -, absorb -, rivet- the -atten- tion, - mind, - thoughts ; be -present to, - uppermost in- the mind, bring under one's notice ; point -out, - to, - at, - the finger at ; lay the finger on, indigitate, indicate ; direct -, call- attention to ; show ; put a -mark &c. (sign) 550- upon; call soldiers to ^atten- tion'; bring forward &C. (make manifest) 525. Adj . attentive, mindful, observant, regardful ; alive -, awake- to ; observing &c. v. ; taken up -, occupied- with ; engaged -, engrossed -, wrapped- in ; absorbed, rapt ; breathless ; pre-occupied &c. (inatten- tive) 458 ; watchful Szc. (careful) 459 ; intent on, open-eyed, breathless, undistracted, upon the stretch; on the watch &c. (expectant) 507. steadfast. Int. see ! look, - here, - you, - to it ! mark ! lo ! behold ! soho ! hark, - ye ! mind ! halloo ! observe ! lo and behold ! attention ! nota bene ; n.b. ; *, t ; I'd have you to know ; notice ! yes ! Oyez ! Phr. this is -, these are- to give notice. head; cur-, percur-sory ; giddy-, scatter-, hare-brained ; unreflecting, ecervde, in- considerate, off-hand, thoughtless, dizzy, muzzy, brainsick ; giddy, - as a goose ; wild, harum-scarum, i-antipole, high- flying ; heed-, care-less, &c. (neglectful) 460. absent, abstracted, distrait ; lost ; lost -, wrapped- in thought ; rapt, in the clouds, bemused ; dreaming -, musing- on other things ; pre-occupied ; engrossed kc. (attentive) 457 ; in a -reverie &c. n. ; oft* one's guard &c. (inexpectant) 508 ; napping ; dreamy. disconcerted, put out &c. v. Adv. inattentively, inadvertently &c. adj. ; j*?er incuriatn, sub sUentio. Int. stand -at ease, - easy ! Phr. the attention wanders ; one's wits gone a -woolgathering, - bird's nesting ; it never entered into one's head ; the mind running on other things ; one's thoughts being elsewhere ; had it been a bear it would have bitten you. 459. Care. [Vigilance.]— x. care, solicitude, heed ; heedfulness &c. adj. ; scruple &c. (conscientiousness) 939. watchfulness &c. adj. : vigilance, su?'- veillance, eyes of Argus, watch, vigil, look out, watch and ward, /'«// du mnitre. alertness &:c. (activity) 682 ; attention Sic. 457 ; prudence &c., circumspection &c. (caution) Z64.] forethought kd. 510; precautioii &c. (jrreparation) 673; tidi- ness &c. (order) 58, (cleanliness) 652 ; accuracy &c. (exactness) 494; minute- ness, attention to detail. V. be -careful &c. adj. ; reck ; take care &c. (be cautious) 864; pay attention to &c. 457; take care of; look -, see- -to, - after ; keep -an eye, - a sharp ey«^- upoD ; keep -watch, - watch and ward : 128 460. Neg-lect. — w. neglect; care- lessness &c. adj. ; trifling &c. v.; negli- gence ; omission, laches, default ; supine- ness &c. (inactivity) 683 ; inattention &c. 458 ; nonchalance &c. (insensibility) 823 ; imprudence, recklessness &c. 863; slo- venliness &c. (disorder) 59, (dirt) 653; improvidence &c. 674; non-completion &c. 730 ; inexactness &c. (error) 495. paraleipsis [in rhetoric]. [cawber. trifler, waiter on Providence; Mi- V, be -negligent &c. adj. ; take no care of &c. (take care of &c. 459) ; neg- lect ; let -slip, - go ; lay -, set -, cast -, put- aside ; keep -, leave- out of sight ; lose sight of. overlook, disregard ; pass -over, - by ; let pass ; blink ; wink -, connive- at IV. (I.) II. OPERATIONS, ETC., OF INTELLECr. 459—462. mount guard, set watch, ■watch ; keep in -sight, - view ; mind, - one's busi- ness. look -sharp, - ahout one ; look with one's own eyes ; keep a -good, - sharp- look-out ; have all one's -wits, - eyes- ahout one ; watch for &c. (expect) 507 ; keep one's eyes -, have the eyes -, sleep with one eye- open, take precautions &c. 673 ; protect &c. {render safe) 664. do one's best &c, 682 ; mind one's Ps and Qs, speak by the card , pick one's steps. Adj. care-, regard-, heed-ful ; taking care &c. v. ; particular ; prudent &c. {cautious) 864 ; considerate ; thoughtful itc. {deliberative) 45 1 ; provident &c. {prepared) 673 ; alert &c. (active) 682 ; sure-footed. guarded, on one's guard ; on the -qui vive, - alert, - watch, - look out ; awake, broad awake, vigilant ; watch-, wake-, wist-ful ; Argus-eyed ; wide awake Sec. {intelligent) 498 ; on the watch for &c. {expectant) 507. tidy &c. (orderly) 58, (clean) 652 ; accurate &c. (exact) 494 ; scrupulous &c. (conscientious) 939; cavendo tutus &c. (safe) 664. Adv. carefully &c. c(dj. ; with care, gingerly. Phr. quis custodiet istos custodes ? gloss over; take no -note, - notice, - thought, - account- of; pay no regard to ; laisser aller. scamp ; trifle, fribble ; do by halves ; cut; slight &c. (despise) 930; play -, trifle- with ; slur ; skim, - the surface ; efflcure^' ; take a cursory view of &c. 457. slur -, slip -, skip -, jump- over ; pre- termit, miss, skip, jump, omit, give the go-by to, push aside, throw into the background, shelve, sink ; ignore, shut one's eyes to, refuse to hear, turn a deaf ear to ; leave out of one's calculation ; not -attend to &c. 457, - mind ; not trouble -oneself, - one's head- -with, - about ; forget &c. 506 ; be caught nap- ping &c. (not expect) 508 ; leave a loose thread : let the grass grow under one's feet. render -neglectful t&c. adj, ; put -j throw- off" one's guard. Adj. neglecting &c. v.\ unmindful, negligent, neglectful ; heedless, careless, thoughtless ; perfunctory, remiss. inconsiderate ; un-, in-circumspect ; ofi" one's guard ; un-wary, -watchful, -guarded; ofl'hand. supine &c. (inactive) 683; inattentive &c. 458 ; insouciant &c. (indifferent) 823 : imprudent, reckless, &c. 863 : slo- venly &c. (disordei'ly) 59, (dirty) 653 ; inexact &c. (erroneous) 495 ; improvi- dent &c. 674. neglected &c. v. ; un-heeded, -cared for, -perceived, -seen, -observed, -noticed, -noted, -marked, -attended to, -thought of, -regarded, -remarked, -missed ; shunted, shelved. mi-examined, -studied, -searched, -scanned, -weighed, -sifted, -ex- plored. abandoned ; buried in a napkin, hid under a bushel. Adv. negligently &c. adj.\ hand over head, anyhow; in an un- guarded moment &c. (unexpectedly) 508 ; per incuriam. Int. never mind, no matter, let it pass. 461. Inquiry. [Subject of In- quiry. Question.] — W. inquiry; re- quest &c. 765 ; search, research, quest ; pursuit &c. 622. examination, review, scrutiny, investi- gation, indao-ation; per-quisition, -scru- tation, -vestigation ; inqu-est, -isition ; exploration ; exploitation, ventilation. sifting ; calculation, analysis, dissec- tion, resolution, induction ; Baconian method. strict -, close -, searching -, exhaus- tive- inquiry ; narrow -, strict- search ; study &c. (consideration). 4.$!. 129 462. Answer.— ir. answer, re- sponse, reply, replication, riposte, re- joinder, surrejoinder, rebutter, surre- butter, retort, repartee ; rescript, -ion ; antiphon, -y; acknowledgment; pass- word ; echo. discovery &c. 480a ; solution kc. (ex- planation) 522 ; rationale kc. (cause) 153; clue &c. (indication) 550, CEdipus ; oracle &c. 513; return &c. (record) 551. V. answer, respond, reply, rebut, re- tort, rejoin ; give -, return for- answer \ acknowledge, echo. 461—462. INTELLECT. IV. scire facias, ad referendum ; trial. questioning &c. v.\ interroga-tion, -tory; interpellation; challenge, exami- nation, cross-examination, catechism ; feeler, Socratic method, zetetic philo- sophy ; leading question ; discussion &c. explain &c. (interpret) 522 ; solve &c. {unriddle) 522; discover &c. 480a; fathom, hunt out, &c. {inquire) 461 ; satisfy, set at rest, determine. Adj. answering &c. v. ; respon-sive, -dent ; conclusive. Adv. because &c. (cause) 153; on the -scent, - right scent. Int. eureka! {reasoning) 476 reconnoitering, reconnaissance ; prying &c. V.', espionage, espionnage ; domicili- ary visit, peep behind the ciu-tain ; lan- tern of Diogenes. question, query, problem, desideratum, point to be solved, porism ; subject -, field- of -inquiry, - controversy ; point -, matter- in dispute ; moot-point ; issue, question at issue ; bone of contention &c. (discord) 713 ; plain-, fair -, open- question; enigma &c. (secret) 533 ; knotty point &c. (difficulty) 704; quodlibet; threshold of an inquiry. inquirer, investigator, inquisitor, inspector, querist, examiner, cate- chist ; scrut-ator, -ineer ; analyst; quidnunc &c. (curiosity) 455. V. make -inquiry &c. n. ; inquire, seek, search ; look -for, - about for, - out for ; scan, reconnoitre, explore, sound, rummage, ran- sack, pry, peer, look round ; look -, go- -over, - through ; spy^ over- haul. scratch the head, slap the forehead. look -, peer -, pry- into every hole and comer ; trace up ; hunt -, fish -, ferret- out ; unearth ; leave no stone unturned. seek a -clue, - clew ; hunt, track, trail, mouse, dodge, trace : follow the -trail, - scent ; pursue &c. 662 ; beat up one's quarters ; fish for ; feel for &c. (experiment) 463. investigate ; ta^ke up -, institute -, pursue -, follow up -, conduct -, carry on -, prosecute- -an inquiry »fec. n. ; look -at, - into ; pre-examine ; discuss, canvass, agitate. examine, study, consider, calculate ; dip -, dive -, delve -, go deep- into ; make sure of, probe, sound, fathom ; probe to the -bottom, - quick ; scrutinize, analyze, anatomize, dissect, parse, resolve, sift, winnow ; view -, try- in all its phases ; thresh out. bring in question, subject to examination ; put to the proof &c. (ex- periment) 463 ; audit, tax, pass in review ; take into consideration tfec. (think over) 451 ; take counsel &c. 695. ask, question, demand ; put -, pop -, propose -, propound -, moot -, start -, raise -, stir -, suggest -, put forth -, ventilate -, grapple with -, go into- a question. put to the question, interrogate, catechize, pump ; cross-question, -examine; dodge; require an answer; pick -, suck- the brains of; feel the pulse. be -in question &c. adj. ; undergo examination. Adj. inquiry &c. u ; inquisitive &c. (cwious) 455; requisit-ive, -ory ; catechetical, inquisitorial, analytic; in -search, - quest- of; on the look-out for, interrogative, zetetic ; all-searching. un-deterrained, -tried, -decided ; in -question, - dispute, - issue, - course of inquiry ; under -discussion, - consideration, - investigation &c. n.) sub judice, moot, proposed; doubtful &c. (uncertain) 475, Adv. what ? why ? wherefore ? whence ? whither ? where ? qucere ? how -comes, - happens, - is- it ? what is the reason ? what's 4he matter, - in the wind ? what on earth ? when ? who ? 130 IV. (I.) u. OPERATIONS, ETC., OF INTELLECT. •263—466. 463. Experiment.— w. experiment; essay &c. (attempt) 675; analysis &c. {investiyation) 461 ; trial, tentative method, tdtonnement. verification, probation, expeiimentum crucis, proof, criterion, dia- gnostic, test, crucial test. crucible, reagent, check, touchstone, pix ; assay, ordeal ; ring-. empiricism, rule of thumb, feeler ; pilot -, messenger- balloon ; pilot engine : scout ; straw to show the wind. speculation, random shot, leap in the dark, analy-zer, -st ; adventurer : experiment-er, -ist, -alist. v. experiment; essay &c, (endeavour) 675; try, assay; make -an experiment, - trial of ; give a trial to; put upon -, subject to- trial; experiment upon ; rehearse ; put -, bring -, submit- to the -test, - proof: prove, verify, test, touch, practise upon, try one's strength. grope ; feel -, grope- -for, - one's way; fumble ; tdtonner, alle?' a tdtons ; put -, throw- out a feeler ; send up a pilot balloon ; see how the -land lies, - wind blows ; consult the barometer ; feel the pulse ; fisii -, bob- for; cast -, beat- about for; angle, trawl, cast one's net, beat the bushes. try one's fortune &c. (adventure) 675 ; explore &c. (inquire) 461. Adj. experimental ; probat-ive, -ory, -ionary ; analytic, docimastic ; tentative; empirical. under probation, on one's trial. 464. Comparison. — M". comparison, collation, contrast; identifi- cation, sim-ile, -ilitude ; allegory &c, (metaphor) 521. V. compare -to, - with ; collate, confront ; place side by side &c, (near) l()7'^ set -, pit- against one another; contrast, balance, identify, draw a parallel, parallel. compare notes ; institute a comparison ; jmrva componere magnis. Adj. comparative; metaphorical &c, 521. compared witb &c. v. ; comparable. Adv. relatively &c. (relation) 9 ; as compared with &c. v. 465. Discrimination.— lar. dis- crimination, distinction, differentiation, diagnosis, diorism ; nice perception ; per- ception -, appreciation- of difference ; estimation &c. 466 ; nicety, refinement ; taste &c, 850 ; cyritique, judgment ; tact ; discernment &c. {intelligence) 498 ; iiu- 465a. Indiscrimination.— If. indiscrimination ; indistinct-ness, -ion ; uncertainty &c. (doubt) 475. V. not -discriminate &c. 465 ; over- look &c, (neglect) 460- a distinction ; con-found, -fuse. Adj. indiscriminate ; undistinguish- ed, -able ; unmeasured. ances. V. discriminate, distinguish, several- ize ; separate ; draw the line, sift ; sepa- rate -, winnow- the chaff" from the wheat ; split hairs, estimate &c. {measure) 466 ; know -which is which, - what is what, - ^ a hawk from a handsaw.' take into -account, - consideration ; give -, allow- due weight to ; weigh carefully. Adj. discriminating &c. v. ; dioristic, discriminative, distinctive ; nice. Phr. il y a fagots et fagots; rem acu tetigisti. 466. Bleasurement. — N". measurement, admeasurement, men- suration, survey, valuation, appraisement, assessment, assize ; estim-ate, 131 '^^ 466—469. INTELLECT. IV. (I.) m. -ation; dead reckoning; reckoning &c. (numeration) 85; gauging &c. y. Metrology, weights ana measures, compound arithmetic. measure, yard measure, standard, rule, foot-rule, compass, callipers ; gage, gauge ; meter, line, rod, check. flood -, high water- mark ; index &c. 550. scale; gradu-ation, -ated scale ; nonius; vevnieY &c. (minuteness) 193; theTmo(heat &c. 382)-, baro(«ir &c. 338)-, a,nemo(2vind 349)-, dynamo-, gonio(aw^/e 244)-meter ; landmark &c. (limit) 233 ; balance &c. (iveight) 319. coordinates, ordinate and abscissa, polar coordinates, latitude and lon- gitude, declination and right ascension, altitude and azimuth. Geo-, Stereo-, Hypso-metry ; metage ; surveying, land surveying ; Geo-desy, -detics, -desia ; ortho-, alti-metry ; cadastre. astrolabe, armillary sphere. land-surveyor ; geometer. V. measure, mete ; value, assess, rate, appraise, estimate, form an es- timate, set a value on ; appreciate. span, pace, step ; apply the -compass &c. n. ; gauge, plumb, probe, sound, fathom ; heave the -log, - lead ; survey. take an average &c. 29 ; graduate. ■ Adj. measuring &c. v. ; metric, -al ; measurable ; geodetical. Section III. Materials foe Eeasoxixg. 467. Evidence [on one side.] — U. evidence; facts, premises, (?a^a,pr«^- cognita, grounds. indication &c. 550; criterion &c. (test) 463- testi-mony, -fication ; attestation ; de- position &c. (affirmntion) 535 ; exami- nation. admission &c. (assent) 488 ; authority, warrant, credential, diploma, voucher, certificate, doquet, docket ; record &c. 551 ; document', jnece justificative; deed, warranty, &c. (security) 771; signature, seal, &c. (identification) 550; exhibit. witness, indicator ; eye-, ear-witness ; deponent; sponsor. oral -, documentary -, hearsay -, ex- ternal -, extrinsic -, internal -, inti-insic -, circumstantial -, cumulative -, ex Iftarte -, presumptive -, collateral -, con- structive- evidence ; proof &c. (demon- stration) 478 ; evidence in chief. secondary evidence ; confirmation, cor- roboration, support; ratification &c. (as- sent) 488 ; authentication ; compurga- tion, wager of law, comprobation. citation, reference. V. be -evidence &c. n. ; evince, show, betoken, tell of; indicate &c. (denote) 550; imply, involve, argue, bespeak, breathe. have -, carry- weight ; tell, speak vo- 132 468. [Evidence on the other side, on the other hand.] Counter-evi" dence.-ir. counter-evidence ; evidence on the other -side, - hand; disproof; refutation &c. 479 ; negation &c. 536 ; conflicting evidence. plea &c. 617; \'indication &c. 937; counter-protest ; tu quoque argument ; other side -, reverse- of the shield. V. countervail, oppose ; rebut &c. (refute) 479; subvert &c. (destroy) 162; check, weaken ; contravene ; contradict &c. (deny) 536; tell another story, turn the scale, alter the case • cut both ways ; prove a negative. audii'e alteram partem. Adj. countervailing &c. v.-, contra- dictor3^ un-attested, -authenticated, -support- ed by evidence. Adv. jper contra, 469. Qualification.— X. quali- fication, limitation, modification, colour- ing. allowance, grains of allowance, con- sideration, extenuating circumstances. condition, proviso, exception ; exemp- tion ; salvo, saving clause ; discount &c. V. qualify, limit, modify, leaven, give a colour to, introduce new conditions. IV. (T.) ni. MATERIALS FOR REASONING. 467—471. lumes; speak for itself «S:c. manifest rest -, depend- upon ; repose on. bear -witness &c. w.; give -evidence &c. w.; testify, depose, witness, vouch for ; sign, seal, undersign, set one's hand and seal, sign and seal, deliver as one's act and deed, certify, attest; acknow- ledge &c. {assent) 488. make absolute, confirm, ratify, corro- borate, endorse, countersign, support, bear out, uphold, warrant. adduce, attest, cite, quote ; refer -, appeal- to 5 call, - to witness ; bring -forward, - into court ; allege, plead ; produce -, confront- witnesses ; collect -, bring together -, rake up- evidence. have -, make out- a case ; establish. allow -, make allowance- for ; admit exceptions, take into account. take exception. Adj. qualifying &c. v.; conditional; exceptional &c. {unconformahle) ^i-^. hypothetical &c. (su2jposed) 514 ; con- tingent &c. (uncertain) 475. Adv. pronded, - always ; if, unless, but, yet ; according as ; conditionally, admitting, supposing ; on the supposition of &c. (theoretically) 514 ; with the un- derstanding, even, although, though, for all that, after all, at all events. with grains of allowance, cum grano salis ; exceptis excipiendis ; wind and weather permitting ; if possible &c. 470. subject to ; with this -proviso &c. n. authenticate, substantiate, verify, make good, quote chapter and verse ; bring -home to, - to book. Adj . showing &c. v. ; indica-tive, -tory ; deducible &c. 478 ; grounded -, founded -, based- on ; corroborative, confirmatory. Adv. by inference; according to, witness, a fortiori-, still -more, - less ; raison de jjIus ; in corroboration &c. n. of ; valeat quantum ; un- der -seal, - one's hand and seal. Degrees of Evidence. 470. Possibility. — N". possibi- lity, potentiality ; what -may be, - is pos- sible &c. adj. ; compatibility &c. (agree- ment) 23. practicability, feasibility ; practicable- ness &c. adj. contingency, chance, &c. 1 56. V. be -possible &c. adj. ; stand a chance ; admit of, bear. render -possible &c. adj. ; put in the w^ay of. Adj. possible ; on the -cards, - dice ; in posse, within the bounds of possibi- lity, conceivable, credible ; compatible &c. 23. practicable, feasible, performable, a- chievable, within reach, accessible, su- perable, surmountable ; at-, ob-tainable ; contingent &c. (doubtful) 475. Adv. possibly, by possibility ; per- haps, -chance, -adventure ; may be, hap- ly, mayhap. if possible, wind and weather permit- ting, God willing, Deo volente, D.V. 471. Impossibility.— lar. impos- sibility &c. adj. ; what -cannot, - can never- be; sour grapes ; hopelessness &c. 859. V. be -impossible &c. adj. ; have no chance whatever. attempt impossibilities ; square the circle, wash a blackamoor white ; skin a flint ; make -a silk purse out of a sow's ear, - bricks without straw; have no- thing to go upon ; weave a rope of sand, build castles in the air, prendre la lune avec les dents, extract sunbeams from cu- cumbers, set the Thames on fire, milk a he-goat into a sieve, catch a weasel asleep, romjjre ranguille au genou, be in two places at once. Adj. impossible; not -possible &c. 470 : absurd, contrary to reason ; unrea- sonable &c. 477 ; incredible «fcc. 485 ; beyond the bounds of -reason, - possi- bility ; from which reason recoils ; visi- onary ; inconceivable &c. (improbable) 473; prodigious &c. (wondeiful) 870; un-, in-imaginable. impracticable, unachievable ; un-, in- feasible ; insuperable ; un-, in-surmount- ^33 471—475. INTELLECT. IV. (L) in. able ; unat-, unob-tainable ; out of -reacli, - the question ; not to Ije -had, - thought of ; beyond control ; desperate &c. {hopeless) 859 ; incompatible &c. 24 ; inaccessible, uncomeatable, impassable, imper- vious, innavigable, inextricable. out of -, beyond- one's -power, - depth, - reach, - grasp ; too much for ; ultra ci'epidam. non possumus ; non nostrimi tantas com- Phr. the grapes are sour ponei'e lites. 472. Probability.— XT. bility, likelihood ; likeliness »&c. adj. vraisemhlance, verisimilitude, plausibi- lity; colour, semblance, show of; pre- sumption ; presumptive -, circumstantial- evidence ; credibility. reasonable -,fair -, good -, favourable- -chance, - prospect ; prospect, well- grounded hope; chance &c. 156. V. be -probable &c. adj.; give -, lend- colour to ; point to ; imply &c. (evidence) I 473. Zmprobability.— XT. im- I probability, unlikelihood ; unfavourable I -, bad -, little -, small -, poor -, scarcely ' any -, no- chance ; bare possibility : long odds; incredibility &c. 485. V. be -improbable »S:c. adj. ; have a -small chance &c. n. Adj. improbable, unlikely, contrary to all reasonable expectation. rare &c. {infrequent) 1 37 ; unheard of, inconceivable; un-, in-imaginable; in- credible &c. 485 ; more than doubtful. Phr. the chances are against. 467 ; bid fair tfec. {jjromise) 511; stand fair for ; stand -, run- a good chance. think likely, dare say, flatter oneself ; expect &c. 507 ; count upon «S:c. (believe) 484. Adj. probable, likely, hopeful, to be expected, in a fair way. plausible, specious, ostensible, colourable, ben trovato, well-founded, reasonable, credible, easy of belief, presumable, presumptive, apparent. Adv. probably &c. adj. ; belike ; in all -probability, - likelihood ; very -, most- likely ; like enough ; ten &c. to one ; apparently, seem- ingly, according to every reasonable expectation ; pj-imd facie ; to all appearance &c. (to the eye) 448. Phr. the -chances, - odds- are; appearances -, chances- are in favour of ; there is reason to -believe, - think, - expect ; I dare say ; all Lombard Street to a China oranjje. 474. Certainty. — M". certainty; necessity &c. 601 ; certitude, surety, as- surance ; dead -, moral- certainty ; in- fallibleness &c. adj. ; infallibility, relia- bility. gospel, scripture, church, pope, court of final appeal; res judicata, ultimatum. positiveness ; dogmat-ism, -ist, -izer ; doctrinaire, bigot, opinionist. Sir Oracle ; ipse dixit. fact ; positive -, matter of- fact ; fait accompli. V. be -certain &c. adj son. render -certain &c. adj. ; in-, en-, as- sure ; clinch, make sure ; determine, decide, set at rest, ^make assurance double sure'; know &c. (believe) 484. dogmatize, lay down the law. Adj. certain, sure; assured &c. y. ; solid, well foimded. 134 475. Uncertainty. — w. uncer- tainty, incertitude, doubt ; doubtfulness &c. adj. ; dubi-ety, -tation, -tancy, -ous- ness. hesitation, suspense ; perplexity, em- barrassment, dilemma, bewilderment ; timidity &c. {feai') 860 ; vacillation &c. 605 ; diaper esis, indetermination. vagueness «fcc. adj. ; haze, fog ; ob- scurity &c. (daj'kness) 421 ; ambiguity &c. (double meaning) 520 ; contingency, double contingency, possibility upon a stand to rea- i possibility ; open question &c. (question) I 461 ; onus probandi ; blind bargain, pig in a poke, leap in the dark, something or other ; needle in a bottle of hay ; roving commission. precariousness &c. adj. ; fallibility. V. be -uncertain &c. adj. ; wonder whether. lose the -clue, - clew, - scent ; miss one's way. IV. (I.) III. IV. EVIDENCE— REASONING PROCESSES. 474—477. unqualified, absolute, positive, deter- minate, definite, clear, unequivocal, cate- gorical, unmistakable, decisive, decided, ascertained. inevitable, unavoidable, avoidless. unerring, infallible ; unchangeable &c. 150; to be depended on, trustworthy, reliable, bound. un-impeachable, -deniable, -question- able ; in-disputable, -contestable, -con- trovertible, -dubitable ; irrefutable &c. (p7-oven) 478 ; conclusive, without power of appeal. indubious ; without -, beyond a -, without a shade or shadow of- -doubt, - question ; past dispute ; beyond all -question, - dispute ; un-doubted, -con- tested, -questioned, -disputed ; question-, doubt-less. authoritative, authentic, official, sure as -fate, -death and taxes,- a gun. evident, self-evident, axiomatic ; clear, - as day, - as the sun at noonday. Adv. certainly &c. adj. ; for certain, cevtes, sure, no doubt, doubtless, and no mistake, Jlagra7ite delicto, sure enough, to be sure, of course, as a matter of com'se, a coup sur, to a certainty ; in truth &c. (truly) 494 ; at -any rate, - all events ; without fail ; coute -que coute, - quHl coiite) whatever may happen, if the worst come to the worst ; come -, happen- \vhat -may, - will j sink or swim ; rain or shine. Plir. cela va sans dire ; there is -no question, - not a shadow of doubt ; the die is cast &c. {necessity) 601. not know -what to make of &c. {unin- telligibility) 519, - which way to turn, - whether one stands on one's head or one's heels; float in a sea of doubt, hesitate, flounder ; lose -oneself, - one's head ; muddle one's brains. render -uncertain &c. adj. ; put out, pose, puzzle, i)erplex, embarrass ; con-fuse, -found ; bewilder, bother, moider, addle the wits, throw oft' the scent ; ambiguas in vulgus spargere voces ; keep in suspense. doubt &c. (disbelieve) 485 ; hang -, tremble- in the balance ; depend. Adj. uncertain; casual; random &c. (aitnless) 62 1 ; changeable &c. 149. doubtful, dubious ; indecisive ; un- settled, -decided, -determined; in sus- pense, open to discussion ; controvertible ; in question &c. (iriquiry) 4.61 . vague ; in-deterrainate, -definite ; am- biguous, equivocal ; undefin-ed, -able ; confused &c. (indistinct) 447 ; mystic, oracular. perplexing &c. v. ; enigmatic, para- doxical, apocryphal, problematical, hypo- thetical ; experimental &c. 463. fallible, questionable, precarious, slip- pery, ticklish, debatable, disputable ; un-reliable, -trustworthy. contingent, - on, dependent on ; sub- ject to; dependent on circumstances; occasional ; provisional. unauth-entic, -enticated, -oritative ; un-ascertained, -confirmed ; undemon- strated ; un-told, -counted. in a -state of uncertainty, - cloud, - maze; ignorant &c. 491 ; afraid to say; out of one's reckoning, astray, adrift ; at -sea, - fault, - a loss, - one's wit's end, -a nonplus; puzzled &c. v.; lo8t,ahi'osid,desoriente', dis-tracted, -fraught. Adv. pendente lite ; sub spe rati. Phr. Heaven knows ; who can tell ? who shall decide when do etors disayrree ? Section IV. Reasonin^g Processes. 476. Reasoning'.— TT. reasoning; ratio-cination, -nalism ; dialectics, induc- tion, generalization. discussion, comment ; ventilation ; in- quiry &c. 461. argumentation, controversy, debate ; polemics, wrangling ; contention &c. 720 ; logomachy; dis-putation, -ceptation ; pa- per war. art of reasoning, logic. 477. [The absence of reasoning.] Intuition. [False or vicious reason- ing ; show of reason.] Sophistry. — W. intuition, instinct, association ; pre- sentiment ; rule of thumb. sophistry, paralogy, perversion, casuis- try, Jesuitry, equivocation, evasion ; chi- cane, -ry ; quiddet, quiddity ; mystifica- tion ; special pleading ; speciousness &c. adj. ; nonsense &c. fence. 497 ; word-, tongue- 135 476—479. process -, train -, chain- of reasoninp:; de-, in-diiction ; synthesis, analysis. argument; case, plaidoi/er, opening; lemma, proposition, terms, premises, pos- tulate, data, starting point, principle ; in- ference &c. {judgment) 480. pro-, syllogism; enthymeme, sorites, dilemma, perilepsis, a priori reasoning, reductioadabsurdum horns of a dilemma, aniumentum ad hominem, comprehensive argument. reasoner, logician, dialectician; dis- putant ; coutrover-sialist, -tist ; wrangler, arguer, debater, polemic, casuist, ratio- nalist; scientist. logical sequence ; good case ; correct -, just -, sound -, valid -, cogent -, logical -, forcible -, persuasive -, persuasory -, consectar}^ -, conclusive &c. 478 -, subtle- reasoning; force of argument; f trong -point, - argument. arguments, reasons, pros and cons. V. reason, argue, discuss, debate, dis- pute, wrangle; bandy -words, - argu- ments ; chop logic ; hold -, carry on- an argument; controvert &c. (deny) 536; canvass ; comment -, moralize- upon ; spiritualize ; consider &c. {examine) 461. open a -discussion, - case ; try con- clusions ; join -, be at- issue; moot; come to the point ; stir -, agitate -, ven- tilate -, torture- a question ; take up a -side, - case. contend, take one's stand upon, in- sist, lay stress on ; infer &c. 480. follow from &c. {demonstration) 478. Adj. reasoning &c. v.) rationalistic; argumentative, controversial, dialectic, ]iolemical; discurs-ory, -ive; disputa- tious. debatable, controvertible. logical ; relevant &c. 23. Adv. for, because, hence, whence, see- ing that, since, sith, then, thence, so ; ibr -that,- this, - which- reason ; for-, in- asmuch as; whereas, ex concesso, con- sidering, in consideration of; there-, where-fore; consequently, erffo, thus, accordingly ; a fortiori. in -conclusion, - fine; finally, after all, au bout du cotnpte, on the whole, taking one tinng with another. ^78. Demonstration. — ] 136 INTELLECT. IV. (I.) iv. false — , vicious- reasoning; petitio principii, ignoratio elencki) ^ws/f hoc ergo propter hoc ; non sequitur, ignotum per ignotius. misjudgment &c. 481; false teaching &c. 538. sophism, solecism, paralogism; quib- ble, quirk, elenchus, elench, fallacy, quod- libet, subterfuge, subtlety, quillet; in- consistency, antilogy ; ' a mockery a de- lusion and a snare ' ; claptrap, mere words; 'lame and impotent conclusion.' meshes -, cobwebs- of sophistry ; flaw in an argument ; weak point, bad case. over-refinement ; hair-splitting &c. v. V. judge -intuitively, - by intuition ; hazard a proposition, talk at random. reason -ill, - falselv &c. adj. ; misjudge &C.481. pervert, quibble ; equivocate, mystify, evade, elude ; gloss over, varnish ; mis- teach &c. 538; mislead &c. {error) 495; cavil, refine, subtilize, split hairs ; mis- represent &c. {lie) 544. beg the question, reason in a circle,. i cut blocks with a razor, beat about the bush, play fast and loose, blow hot and cold, prove that black is white and white black, travel out of the record, parler a tort et a travers, put oneself out of court, not have a leg to stand on. Adj. intuitive, instinctive, impulsive ^ independent of -, anterior to- reason; gratuitous, hazarded ; unconnected. unreasonable, illogical, false, unsound, invalid ; unwarranted, not following ; j inconsequent, -ial ; inconsistent ; abson- ous, -ant; unscientific; untenable, in- conclusive, incorrect ; fall-acious, -ible ; groundless, unproved. deceptive, sophistical, Jesuitical ; illus- ive, -ory ; specious, hollow, plausible, ad captandum, evasive ; irrelevant &c. 10. weak, feeble, poor, flimsy, loose, vague, irrational ; nonsensical &c. {absurd) 497 ; foolish &c. {imbecile) 499 ; frivolous, pet- tifogging, quibbling ; line-spun, over-re- fined. at the end of one's tether, au bout dc son latin. Adv. intuitively &c. adj.; by intui- tion ; illogically &:c. adj. Phr. non constat; that goes for no- thing. r. de- I 479. Confutation.— ir. con-, re- IV. (I.) IV. Y. PROCESSES— RESULTS OF REASONING. 478— <£81. monstration, proof; conclusiveness &c. adj. ; apodixis, probation, comprobation. logic of facts &c. {evidence) 467 ; ex- perimentum cinicis &c. {test) 463 ; argu- ment &c. 476. V. demonstrate, prove, establish, make good ; show ; evince &c. {he evi- dence of) 467 ; verify &c. 467 ; settle the question, reduce to demonstration, set the question at rest. make out, - a case ; prove one's point, have the best of the argument ; draw a conclusion &c. {judge) 480. follow, - of course ; stand to reason ; hold -good, - water. Adj. demonstra-ting &c. v., -five, -ble ; probative, unanswerable, conclusive ; a- podictic, -al ; irre-sistible, -futable, -fra- gable. categorical, decisive, crucial. demonstrated &c. v. ; proven ; un-2on- futed, -answered, -refuted ; evident &c. 474. deducible, consequential, consectary, inferential, following. Adv. of course, in consequence, con- sequently, as a matter of course. Phr. probatum est ; there is nothing must follow. futation ; answer, complete answer ; dis- proof, conviction, redargution, invalida- tion ; expos-ure, -ition ; clincher ; retort ; reductio ad absurdmn • knock down -, tu quoque- argument. V. con-, re-fute ; parry, negative, dis- prove, redargue, expose, show the fallacy of, rebut, defeat ; demolish &c. {destroy) 162; over-throw, -turn; scatter to the winds, explode, invalidate; silence; put -, reduce- to silence; clinch -an argu- ment, - a question ; give one a set down, stop the mouth, shut up ; have, - on the hip. not leave a leg to stand on, cut the ground from under one's feet. be confuted &c. ; fail; expose -, show- one's weak point. Adj. confut-ing, -ed, &c. r, ; capable of refutation ; re-, con-futable. condemned -on one's own showing, — out of one's own mouth. Phr. the argument falls to the ground, cadit qucestio, it does not hold water, ^ suo sibi gladio hunc juguloJ more to be said, Q.E.D., it Section V. Restjlts of Reasoning. 480. Judgrment. [Conclusion.] — N". result, conclusion, upshot ; deduc- tion, inference, ergotism, illation ; co- rollary, porism ; moral. estimation, valuation, appreciation, judication; di-, ad-judication ; arbitr- ament, -ement, -ation ; assessment, ponderation. award, estimate ; review, criticism, critique, notice, report. decision, determination, judgment, finding, verdict, sentence, decree ; res judicata. plebiscite, voice, casting vote ; vote SiC. {choice) 609 ; opinion &c. (belief) 484; good judgment &c. {jvisdom) 498. judge, umpire ; arbi-ter, -trator ; as- sessor, referee ; censor, reviewer, critic : connoisseur: commentator &c. 524; in- spector, inspecting officer. V. judge, conclude : come to -, draw -, arrive at- a conclusion ; ascertain, determine, make up one's mind. deduce, derive, gather, collect, draw an inference, make a deduction, weet, ween. 481. llZisjudg>inent.— ST. mis- judgment, obliquity of judgment ; mis- calculation, -computation, -conception &c. {error) 495 ; hasty conclusion. prejud-gment, -ication, -ice ; foregone conclusion ; pre-notion, -vention, -con- ception, -dilection, -possession, -appre- hension, -sumption, -sentiment ; fixed -, preconceived- idea ; idee fixe ; mentis gratissimus error ; fool's paradise. esprit de corps, party spirit, partisan- ship, clannishness, prestige. bias, warp, twist ; hobby, fad, quirk, crotchet, partiality, infatuation, blind side, mote in the eye. I onesided -, partial -, narrow -, con- i fined -, superficial- -views, - ideas, - 1 conceptions, - notions ; narrow mind ; I bigotry &c. {obstinacy) 606 ; odium theohgicum ; pedantry ; hypercriticism. ♦ j doctrinaire &c. {positive) 474. v. mis-judge, -estimate, -think, -con- 1 jecture, -conceive &c. (error) 495 ; fly in the face of facts ; mis-calculate, ! -reckon, -compute. 137 «80— «83. INTELLECT. form an estimate, estimate, appreciate, value, count, assess, rate, rank, account ; regard, consider, think of; look upon &c. (believe) 484 ; review. settle ; pass -, give- an opinion ; de- cide, try, pronounce, rule ; pass -judg- ment, - sentence ; sentence, doom ; Mnd ; give -, deliver- judgment; adjud-ge, -icate ; arbitrate, award, report ; bring in a verdict ; make absolute, set a ques- tion at rest ; confirm &g. {assent) 488. comment, criticize ; pass under review tfec. {examine') 457 ; investigate &c. (in- quii'e?) 461. hold the scales, sit in judgment ; try -, hear- a cause. Adj. judging &c. v. ; judicious &c. {wise) 498 ; determinate, conclusive. Adv. on the whole, all things con- sidered. IV. (I.) V. underestimate overestimate &c. 482 &c. 483. pre-, fore-judge; pre-suppose, -sume, -judicate; dogmatize; have a -bias &c. n, ; have only one idea ; jurare in verba magistri, run away with the notion ; jump -, rush- to a conclusion ; look only at one side of the shield ; view -with jaundiced eye, - through distorting spectacles ; not see beyond one's nose ; dare pondus fumo '^ get the wrong sow by the ear &c. (blunde?-) 699. give a -bias, - twist ; bias, warp, twist ; pre-judice, -possess. Adj. misjudging &c. v.; ill-judging, wrong-headed ; prejudiced &c. v.; jaun- diced ; short-sighted, purblind ; partial, one-sided, superficial. narrow-minded ; confined, illiberal, intolerant, besotted, infatuated, fanatical, entete, positive, dogmatic, conceited ; opin-, opini-ative ; opinion-ed,-ate, -ative, -ated ; self-opinioned, wedded to an opinion, opinidire; bigoted &c. {obstinate) 606; crotchety, fussy, impracticable ; imreason-able, -ing ; stupid &c. 499 ; credulous &c. 486. misjudged &c. v. Adv. ex parte. Phr. nothing like leather ; the wish the father to the thought. 480a. [Result of search or inquiry.] Discovery. — W. discovery, detection, disenchantment. trover &c. 775. V, discover, find, determine, evolve ; fix upon ; find -, trace -, make -, hunt -, fish -, worm -, ferret -, root- out ; fathom ; bring -, draw- out ; educe, elicit, bring to light ; dig -, grub -, fish- up ; unearth, disinter. solve, resolve ; un-riddle, -ravel, -lock ; pick -, open- the lock ; find a -clue, - clew- to ; interpret &c. 522 ; disclose &c. 529. trace, get at ; hit it, have it ; lay one's -finger, - hands- upon ; spot ; get -, arrive- at the -truth &c. 494 ; put the saddle on the right horse, bit the right nail on the head. be near the truth, burn ; smoke, scent, sniff, smell a rat. open the eyes to ; see -through, - daylight, -in its true colours, -the cloven foot ; detect ; catch, - trippin^r. pitch -, fall -, light -, hit -, stumble -, pop- upon ; come across ; meet -, fall in- with. recognize, realize, verify, make certain of, identify. Int. eureka! 482. Overestixnation. — ir. overestimation &c. v. ; exaggeration &c. 549 ; vanity &c. 880 ; optim-, pessim- ism, -ist. much -cry and little wool, - ado about nothing ; storm in a teacup ; fine talking. V. over-estimate, -rate, -value, -prize, -weigh, -reckon, -strain, -praise; esti- mate too highly, attach too much im- 138 483. Underestimation. — ir. underestimation ; depreciation &c. (de- traction) 934 ; pessim-ism, -ist ; under- valuing &c. 0. ; modesty «&c. 881. V. under-rate, -estimate, -value, -reckon ; depreciate ; disparage &c. (de- tract) 934 ; not do justice to ; mis-, dis-prize ; ridicule &c. 856 ; slight &c. (despise) 930 ; neglect &c. 460 ; slur RESULTS OF REASONING. IV. (I.) V. portance to, make mountains of mole- hills, catch at straws ; strain, maprnify ; exaggerate Sec. 549 ; set too high a value upon; think -, make- -much, - too much- of; outreckon. extol, - to the skies ; make the -most, - best, - worst- of ; make two bites of a cheny. have too high an opinion of oneself &c. (vanity) 880. Adj. overestimated &c.v. ; oversensitive &c. {sensibility) 822. Phr. all his geese are swans ; parturiunt montes. 482—485. make -light, - little, - nothing, - no account- of; think nothing of; set -no store by, - at naught ; shake off as dew- drops from the lion's mane. Adj. depreciat-ing, -ed &c. v. ; un- valued, -prized. 484. Belief. — iff. belief ; cre- dence ; credit ; assurance ; faith, trust, troth, confidence, presumption, sanguine expectation &c. (hope) 858 ; dependence on, reliance on. persuasion, conviction, convincement, plerophory, self-conviction ; certainty &c. 474 ; opinion, mind, view ; conception, thinking ; impression &c. {idea) 453 ; surmise &c. 514; conclusion &c. (judg- ment) 480. tenet, dogma, principle, way of think- ing ; popular belief &c. (assent) 488. firm — , implicit -, settled -, fixed -, rooted -, deep-rooted -, staimch -, un- shaken -, steadfast -, inveterate -, calm -, sober -, dispassionate -, impartial -, well founded- -belief, - opinion &c. ; uberrima Jides, system of opinions, school, doctrine, articles, canons ; declaration -, profes- s-ion- of faith ; tenets, credenda, creed ; thirty-nine articles &c. (orthodoxy) 983a ; catechism ; assent &c. 488 ; propaganda kc. (teaching) 537. credibility &c. (probability) 472. V. believe, credit; give -faith, - credit, - credence- to ; see, realize ; as- sume, receive ; set down -, take- for ; have -, take- it ; consider, esteem, pre- simie. count -, depend -, calculate -, pin one s faith -, reckon -, lean -, build -, rely -, rest- upon; lay one's account for ; make sure of. make oneself easy -about, - on that score ; take on -trust, - credit ; take for -granted, - gospel ; allow -, attach- some weight to. know, - for certain ; have -, make- no doubt ; doubt not ; be -, rest- -as- sured &c. adj. ; persuade -, assure -, satisfy- oneself; make up one's mind. 485. Unbelief. Doubt. — iff. un-, dis-, mis-belief; discredit, mis- creance ; infidelity &c. (in'eligion) 989 ; dissent &c. 489 ; change of -opinion &c. 484 ; retractation &c. 607. doubt &c. (unceHaintij) 475 ; scepti- cism, misgiving, demur ; dis-, mis-trust ; misdoubt, suspicion, jealousy, scruple, qualm ; onus probandi. incredib-ility, -leness ; incredulity ; unbeliever &c. 487. V. dis-believe, -credit ; not -believe Sec. 484 ; misbelieve ; refuse to admit &c. (dissent) 489 ; refuse to believe &c. (incredulity) 487. doubt; be -doubtful &c. (uncertain) 475 ; doubt the truth of; be -sceptical as to &c. adj. ; difiide ; dis-, mis-trust ; sus- pect, smoke, scent, smell a rat ; have -, harbour -, entertain- -doubts, - sus- picions ; have one's doubts. demur, stick at, pause, hesitate, scru- ple. hang in -suspense, - doubt. throw doubt upon, raise a question ; bring -, call- in question ; question, challenge; dispute; deny »S:c. 536 ; cavil ; cause -, raise -, start -, suggest -, awake- a -doubt, - suspicion ; ergotize. startle, stagger; shake -, stagger- one's -faith, - belief. Adj. unbelieving ; incredulous -, scep- tical- as to ; distrustful -, shy -, sus- picious- of; doubting &c. v. doubtful &c. (uncei'tain) 475 ; dis- putable ; unworthy -, undeserving- of -belief &c, 484 ; questionable ; sus-pect, -picious ; open to -suspicion, - doubt ; staggering, hard to believe, incredible, not to be believed, inconceivable. fallible &c. (uncertain) 475 ; unde- monstrable ; controvertible &c. (untrue) 495- 139 ^84— €37. INTELLECT. iV. (L) y. Adv. cum grano salts ; with grains of allowance. Phr. fronti nulla Jides ; nimium ne crede colori ; ' timeo Danaos et dona ferentes ' : credat Judeeus Apella ; let those believe who may. hazard give one credit for ; confide -, believe -, put one's trust- in ; place -, repose- implicit confidence in ; take -one's word for^ - at one's word ; place reliance on, rely upon, swear by, regard to. think, hold ; take, - it ; opine, be of opinion, conceive, trow, ween, fancy, apprehend ; have -, hold -, possess -, entertain -, adopt -, imbibe -, embrace -, get hold of foster -, nurture -, cherish- -a belief, - an opinion &c. n. view -, consider -, take -, hold -, conceive -, regard -, esteem -, deem -, look upon -, account -, set down- as ; surmise &c. 514. get -, take- it into one's head ; come round to an opinion ; swallow &c. {credulity) 486. cause to -be believed &c. v. ; satisfy, persuade, have the ear of, gain the confidence of, assure ; con-vince, -vict, -vert ; wean, bring round ; bring -, win- over; indoctrinate &c. {teach) 537; cram down the throat ; produce -, carry- conviction ; bring -, drive- home to. go down, find credence, pass current ; be -received &c. v., - cur- rent &c. adj. ; possess -, take hold of -, take possession of- the mind. Adj. believing &c. v.; certain, sure, assured, positive, cocksure, satisfied, confident, unhesitating, convinced, secure. under the impression ; impressed -, imbued -, penetrated- with. confiding, suspectless ; unsusp-ecting, -icious ; void of suspicion ; credulous &c. 486 ; wedded to. believed &c. v. ; accredited, putative ; unsuspected. worthy of -, deserving of -, commanding- belief ; credible, reliable, trustworthy, to be depended on; satisfactory; probable &c. 472; fiduci-al, -ary ; persuasive, impressive. relating to belief, doctrinal. Adv. in the -opinion, - eyes- of; mejudice', me-seems, -thinks; to the best of one's belief ; I -dare say, -'doubt not, - have no doubt, - am sure ; sure enough &c. {certainty) 474 ; depend -, rely- upon it ; be -, rest- assured ; I'll warrant you &c. {affirmation) 535. 4:86. Credulity.— MT. credul-ity, -ousness &c. adj.; gull-, cuU-ibility ; gross credulity, infatuation ; self-delu- sion, -deception; superstition; one's blind side ; bigotry &c. {obstinacy) 606 ; hyper-orthodoxy &c. 984 ; misjudgment &c. 481. credulous person &c. {dupe) 547. V. be -credulous &c. adj. ; jiirare in verba mayistri; follow implicitly ; swal- low, gulp down; take on trust; take for -granted, - gospel ; run away with -a notion, - an idea; jump -, rush- to a conclusion ; think the moon is made of green cheese ; take -, grasp- the shadow for the substance ; catch at stra^ s. impose upon &c. {deceive) 545. 487. Incredulity.— N". incredul- ousness, -ity; scepticism, pyrrhonism; want of faith &c. {irreligion) 989. suspiciousness &c. adj.; scrupulosity; suspicion &c. {unhelief ) 485. unbeliever, sceptic ; misbeliever,* pyr- rhonist ; heretic &c. {heto'odoi) 984. V. be -incredulous &c. adj. ; distrust &c. {disbelieve) 485 ; refuse to believe ; shut one's -eyes, - ears- to ; turn a deaf ear to ; hold aloof; ignore ; nullisjurare in verba magistri. Adj. incredulous, sceptical, unbe- lieving, inconvincible ; hard -, shy- of belief; suspicious, scrupulous, distrust- ful. * The word miscreant, which originally meant simply misbeliever, has now quite another meaning (949). 140 See Trench, ' On the Study of Words,' p. 71. IV. (I.) V. RESULTS OF EEASONING. 486—489. Adj. credulous, gullible; easily -deceived &c. 545; simple, green, soft, childish, silly, stupid ; over-credulous, -confident ; infatuated, superstitious ; confiding &c. (helievi7ig) 484, Phr. the vi^ish the father to the thought ; credo quia impossihile. 488. Assent.— la acquiescence, admission assent, -ment; nod ; ac-, con- cord, -cordance ; agreement &c. 23 ; af- firm-ance, -ation ; recognition, acknov^r- ledgment, avowal; confession, - of faith. unanimity, common consent, consensus^ acclamation, chorus, vox populi; popu- lar -, current- -belief, - opinion ; public opinion; concurrence &c. {of causes) 178; cooperation &c. (voluntary) yog. ratification, confirmation, corrobora- tion, approval, acceptance, visa ; indorse- ment &c. {record) 551, consent &c. (compliance?) 762. V. assent; give -, yield -, nod- as- sent; acquiesce; agree &c. 23; receive, accept, accede, accord, concur, lend one- self to, consent, coincide, reciprocate, go with ; be -at one with &c. adj. ; go along -, chime in -, strike in -, close- with ; echo, enter into one's views, agree in opinion ; vote -, give one's voice- for ; recognize ; subscribe -, conform -, defer- to ; say -yes, - ditto, - amen, - aye- to. acknowledge, own, admit, allow, avow, confess; concede &c. (yield) 763; come round to ; abide by ; permit &c. 760. come to -an understanding, - terms, - an agreement. con-, af-firm ; ratify, approve, endorse, countersign ; corroborate &c. 467. go -, swim- with the stream ; be in tbe fashion, join in the chorus ; be in every mouth. Adj. assenting &c. v. ; of one -accord, - mind ; of the same mind, at one with, agreed, acquiescent, content ; veiling &c. 602. un-contradicted, -challenged, -ques- tioned, -controverted. carried -, agreed- -nem. con. &c, adv. ; unanimous ; agreed on all hands, carried by acclamation. affirmative &c. 535. Adv. yes, yea, ay, aye, true ; good ; well ; very -well, - true ; well and good ; granted ; even -, just- so ; to be sure, ' thou hast said'; truly, exactly, precisely, that's just it, indeed, certainly, certes, ex concesso ; of course, unquestionably, assur- edly, no doubt, doubtless. be it so ; so -be it, - let it be ; amen ; willingly &c. 602. affirmatively, in the affirmative. 489. Dissent. — ir. dissent; dis- cordance &c. (disagreement) 24 ; differ- ence -, diversity- of opinion. non-conformity &c. (heterodoxy) 984; protestantism, recusancy, schism ; dis- affection ; secession &c. 624; recantation &c. 607. dissension &c. (discord) 713; discon- tent &c. 832 ; cavilling. protest ; contradiction &c. (denial) 530; non-compliance &c. (i-ejection) 764. dissent-ient, -er ; non-juror, -content; recusant, schismatic, protestant. V. dissent, demur ; call in question &c. (doubt) 485 ; differ in opinion, dis- agree ; say -no &c. 536 ; refuse -assent, - to admit; cavil, protest, raise one's voice against, repudiate ; contradict &c. (deny) 536. _ have no notion of, differ toto coelo ; re- volt -at, - from the idea. shake the head, shrug the shoulders ; look -askance, - askant. secede ; recant &c. 607. Adj. dissenting &c. v. ; negative &c. 536; diss-ident, -entient ; unconsenting &c. (refusi72g) 764; non-content, -juring ; protestant, recusant ; uncou-vinced, -ver- ted. unavowed, unacknowledged ; out of the question. discontented Sec. 832 ; unwilling &c, 603 ; extorted. sectarian, denominational, schismatic. Adv. no &c. 536 ; at -variance, - issue- with ; under protest. Int. God forbid ! not for the world ; 111 be hanged if; never tell me ; yoiu' humble servant, pardon me. Phr. many men many minds ; quot homines tot sententice; tant s'enfaut; il ien faut hien. 141 488— '191. INTELLECT. IV. (1.) V. with one -consent, - voice, - accord ; unanimously, una voce, by common consent, in chorus, to a man, nem. con. ; nemine -contradi- cente, - dissentiente ; without a dissentient voice ; as one man, one and all, on all hands. 490. XLnowledgre. — w. Imow- ledg-e ; cogn-izance, -ition, -oscence ; ac- quaintance, experience, ken, privity, in- sight, familiarity ; com-, ap-prehension ; recognition ; appreciation &c. (judgment) 480; intuition; consci-ence, -ousness ; perception, precognition ; acroamatism. light, enlightenment; glimpse, ink- ling ; glimmer, -ing ; dawn ; scent, sus- picion ; impression &c. (idea) 453; dis- covery &c. 4&oa. system -,lbody- of knowledge ; science, philosophy, pansophy ; theory. Etiology ; circle of the sciences ; pandect, doctrine, body of doctrine ; cy-, ency-clopsedia : school &c. (system of opinions) 484. tree of knowledge ; republic of letters &c. (language) 560, erudition, learning, lore, scholarship, reading, letters ; literature ; book-learn- ing, bookishness ; biblio-mania, -latry ; information, general information ; store of -knowledge &c. ; education &c. (teach- ing) 537 ; culture, attainments ; acqui- rements, -sitions ; accomplishments ; pro- ficiency ; practical knowledge &c. (skUl) 698 ; liberal education ; dilettantism ; rudiments &c. (beginning) 66. deep -, profound -, solid -, accurate -, acroatic -, acroamatic -, vast -, ex- tensive -, encyclopedical- -knowledge, - learning ; omniscience, pantology. march of intellect ; progress -, ad- vance- of -science, - learning ; school- master abroad. V. know, ken, scan, wot ; wot -, be aware &c. adj.- of ; ween, weet, trow, have, possess. conceive ; ap-, com-prehend ; take, realize, understand, appreciate ; fathom, make out ; recognize, discern, perceive, see, get a sight of, experience. know full well ; have -, possess- some knowledge of; be -au courant Sic. adj.; have -in one's head, - at one's fingers' ends ; know by -heart, - rote ; be master of; connaitre le dessous des cartes, know what's what &c. 698. see one's way ; discover &c. 480a. come to one's knowledge &c. (injo)'- mation) 527. 142 491. Zg>norance. — w. ignorance, nescience, tabula rasa, crass ignorance, ignorance crasse', unacquaintance ; uncon- sciousness &c. adj. ; dark-, blind-ness ; in- comprehension, inexperience, simplicity. unknown quantities, x, y, z. sealed book, terra incognita, virgin soil, unexplored ground ; dark ages. [Imperfect knowledge] smattering, sciolism, glimmering ; bewilderment &c. (uncertainty) 475 ; incapacity. [Afiectation of knowledge] pedantry ; charlatan-ry, -ism. V. be -ignorant &c. adj. ; not -know &c. 490 ; know -not, - not what, - no- thing of ; have no -idea, - notion, - con- ception ; not have the remotest idea ; not know chalk from cheese. ignore, be blind to ; keep in ignorance &c. (conceal) 528. see through a glass darkly ; have a -film over the eyes, - glimmering &c. w. ; wonder whether; not know what to make of &c. (unintelligibility) 519; not pre- tend -, not take upon oneself- to say. Adj . ignorant ; un-knowing, -aware, -acquainted, -apprized, -witting, -weet- ing, -conscious ; wit-, weet-less ; a stran- ger to ; unconversant. ur)-:nformed, -cultivated, -versed, -in- structed, -taught, -initiated, -tutored, -schooled, -guided, -enlightened ; Philis- tine : behind the age. shallow, superficial, green, rude, emp- ty, half-learned, illiterate ; un-nead, -in- formed, -educated, -learned, -lettered, -bookish; empty-ln^nled ; pedantic. in the dark ; be-uig-httd, -lated ; blind- ed, -fold ; hoodwiriiied ; misinformed ; au bout de son latin, at the end of his tether; at fault; at sea «tc. (uncertain) 47S ; caught tripping. un-known, -apprehended, -explained, -ascertained, -investigated, -explored, -heard of, -perceived ; concealed &c. 528 ; novel. Adv. ignorantly &c. adj. : unawares ; for -finything, - aught- one knows ; not that one knows. Int. God -, Heaven -, the Lord -, nobody- knows. IV. (I.) V. RESULTS OF REASONING. 490-'ft95. Adj. knowing &c. v. ; cognitive; acroamatic. aware -, cognizant -, conscious- of; acquainted -, made acquainted' with ; privy -, no stranger- to ; au -fait, - courant ; in the secret ; up - curtain ; let into ; apprized -, in strong -, at home- in ; con- alive- to ; behind the -scenes, formed- of ; undeceived. proficient -, versed -, read -, forward versant -, familiar- with. erudite, instructed, learned, lettered, educated ; well-conned, -in- formed, -read, -grounded, -educated ; enlightened, shrewd, savant, blue, bookish, scholastic, solid, profomid, deep-read, book-learned; ac- complished (fee. (skilful) 698 ; omniscient ; self-taught. known &c. v. ; ascertained, well-known, recognized, received, no- torious, noted ; proverbial ; familiar, - as household words, - to every schoolboy ; hackneyed, trite, commonplace. cogn-oscible, -izable. Adv. to -, to the best of- one's knowledge. Phr. one's eyes being opened &c. {disclosure) 529. 492. Scholar. — sr. scholar, con- noisseur, savant, pundit, schoolman, pro- fessor, graduate, wrangler, moonshee; academ-ician, -ist ; master of arts, doc- tor, licentiate, gownsman ; philo-sopher, -math; scientist, clerk ; soph, -ist, -ister. linguist ; glosso-, philo-iogist ; philo- loger ; lexico-, glosso-grapher ; gram- marian; litterateur, literati, dilettanti, illuminati ; Mezzofanti, admirable Crich- ton, Mecaenas. ; book- worm, helliio librorum, biblio- phile, -maniac ; blue-stocking, has-hleu ; , big-wig, learned Theban, don. I learned -, literary- man ; homo multarum literarum ; man of ing, - letters, - education. antiquar-ian, -y ; archaeologist ; sage &c. {icise man) 500. pedant, doctrinaire ; pedagogue, Dr. Pangloss ; pantologist. schoolboy &c. {learner) 541. Adj. learned &c. 490 ; brought up at the feet of Gamaliel. 493. Zgrnoraxnus. — us. ignora- mus, dunce ; wooden spoon ; no scholar. sciolist, smatterer, dabbler, half-scho- lar ; charlatan. novice ; greenhorn &c. {dujye) 547 ; tyro &c. {learner) 541. lubber &c. (bungler) 701 ; fool &c. 501 ; pedant &c. 492. Adj. bookless, shallow ; ignorant Sic. 491. -learn- 494. [Object of knowledge.] Truth. — M". fact, reality &c. (existence) i ; plain matter of fact ; nature &c. (pnn- ciple) 5 ; truth, verity ; gospel ; ortho- doxy &c. 983^; authenticitv ; veracity &c. 543. accuracy, exactitude ; exact-, precise- ness,&c. adj.\ precision, delicacy; rigour, mathematical precision, punctuality ; clockwork precision &c. (I'egulai-ity) 80. orthology; ipsissima verba ; realism. plain -, honest -, sober -, naked -, unalloyed -, unqualified -, stem -, exact -, intrinsic- truth; nuda Veritas-, the very thing; not an -illusion &c. 495 ; real Simon Pure ; unvarnished tale; the truth the whole truth and nothing but the truth ; just the thing. 495. Error. — w. error, fallacy ; mis-conception, -apprehension, -under- standing; inexactness &c. adj.; laxity: misconstruction &c. (misinterpretation) 523 ; miscomputation &c. (miyudgment) 481; non-sequitur &c. 477; mis-state- ment, -report. mistake ; miss, fault, blunder, quipro- quo, cross purposes, oversight, misprint, erratum, corrigendum, slip, bjot, fiaw, loose thread ; trip, stumble, &c. (failure) 732 ; botchery &c. (luant of skill) 699 ; slip of the -tongue, - pen ; lapsus lingu<2, clerical error ; bull &c. (absurdity) /\^T. il-, de-lusion; false -impression, - idea; bubble; self-deceit, -deception; mists of error. heresv &c. (heterodoxy) 984 : halluri- 143 494—497. INTELLECT. IV (L)v. V. be -true &c. adj., - the case ; stand the test ; have the true ring : hold -good, - true, - water. render -, prove- -true itc, adj. ; sub- stantiate &c. (evidence) 467. get at the truth &c. {discover) 48o«. Adj. real, actual. &c. {eiistiny) i ; veritable, true ; certain, &c. 474; sub- stantially -, categorically- true &c. ; true -to the letter, - as gospel ; unimpeach- able ; veracious &c. 543 ; unre-, uncon- futed ; un-ideal, -imagined ; realistic. exact, accurate, definite, precise, well defined, just, right, correct, strict, severe ; close &c. {similar) 1 7 ; literal ) rigid, rigor- ous ; scrupulous &c. {conscientious) 939 ; religiously exact, punctual, mathemati- cal,scientific; faithful, constant, unerring; curious, particular, nice, delicate, fine. genuine, authentic, legitimate ; ortho- dox &c. 983a ; official, ex officio. pure, natural, sound, sterling ; un- sophisticated, -adulterated, -varnished, -coloured ; in its true colours. well-grounded, -founded; solid, sub- stantial, tangible, valid ; undis-torted, -guised ; im-affected, -exaggerated, -ro- mantic, -flattering. Adv. truly &c. adj. ; verily, indeed, in reality ; with truth &c. {veracity) 545 ; certainly &c. {certaiyi) 474 ; ac- tually &c. {existence) I ; in efiect &c. (intrinsically) 5. . exactly &c. adj. ; ad amussim ; verha- tim, - et literatim ; word for word, lite- rally, literatim, totidem verbis, sic, to the letter, chapter and verse, ipsissimis verbis ; ad unyueni ; to an inch ; to a- nicety, - hair, - tittle, - turn, -T; au pied de la lettre ; neither more nor less ; in -every respect, - all respects ; sous tons les rappo7-ts', at -any rate, - all events ; strictly speaking. Plir. the -truth, - fact- is ; rem acu ietigisti. the wrong box Adv. more or less. nation &c. (insanity) 503 ; false light &c. (fallacy of vision) 443 ; dream &c. (fancy) 515; fable &c. (unti-uth) 546; bias &c. (misjudymmt) 481 ; misleading &c. V. V. be -erroneous &c. adj. cause error ; mis-lead, -guide ; lead -astray, - into error ; beguile, misinform kfec; i^misteach) ^'^Z ) delude; give a false -impression, - idea ; falsify, misstate ; deceive &c. 545 ; lie kc. 544. err ; be -in error &c. adj., - mistaken &c. v.; be deceived &c. (duped) 547; mistake, receive a false impression, de- ceive oneself; fall into -, lie under -, labour under- -an error &c. n. ; be in the wrong, blunder; mis-apprehend, -con- ceive, -understand, -reckon, -count, -cal- culate &c. (misjudge) 481. play -, be- at cross purposes &c. (mis- inte7p?'et) 523, trip, stumble; lose oneself &c. (un- certainty) 475; go astray; fail &c. 732 ; take the wrong sow by the ear &c. (mismanage) 699 ; put the saddle on the wrong horse ; reckon without one's host ; take tlie shadow for the substance &c. (credulity) 486 ; dream &c. (imagine) 515- Adj. erroneous, untrue, false, devoid of truth, fallacious, apocryphal, unreal, ungrounded, groundless ; unsubstantial &c. 4 ; heretical &c. (heterodox) 984 ; unsound ; illogical &c. 477. in-, un-exact ; in-accurate, -correct ; indefinite &c, (uncertain) 475. illus-ive, -ory ; delusive; mock; ideal &c. (imaginary) 515; spurious &c. 545 ; deceitful &c. 544; perverted. controvertible, unsustainable; unau- thenticated, untrustworthy. exploded, refuted. in -, under an- error &c. n. ; mistaken &c. V. ; tripping &c. v. ; out, - in one's reckoning ; aberrant ; beside -, wide of the- -mark, - truth ; astray &c. (at fault) 475 ; on -a false, - the wrong- scent ; in at cross purposes, all in the wrong. 496. Maxim.— M". maxim, apho- rism ; apo-, apoph-thegm ; dictum, say- ing, adage, saw, proverb ; sentence, mot, motto, word, by-word, moral, phylac- tery, protasis. 144 497. Absurdity.- w. absurd-ity, -ness &c. adj. ; imbecility &c. 499 ; alogy, nonsense, paradox, inconsistency; stuitiloqu-y, -ence. blunder, muddle, bull ; Irish-, Hiber- IV. (I.) V. axiom, theorem, scholium, truism. reflection &c. {idea) 453 ; conclusion «S:c. {judgment) 480; gulden rule &c. {precept) 6g7; principle, ^jn'ncjp'a ; pro- fession of faith &c.{belief) 484 ; formula. wise -, sage -, received -, admitted -, recognized- maxim &c. ; true -, com- mon -, hackneyed -, trite -, common- place- saying &c. Adj. aphoristic, proverbial, phylac- teric ; axiomatic, gnomic. Adv. as -the saying is, - they say. RESULTS OF REASONING. «96— 'i:99. nic-ism; slip-slop; anticlimax, bathos; sophism «S:c. 477. farce, galimathias, amphigouri, rhap- sody ; farrago Szc. {diso7'der) 59; ex- travagance, romance ; sciomachy. sell, pun, verbal quibble, macaronic, jargon, fustian, twaddle; &c. {no mean- ing) 517; exaggeration &c. 549; moon- shine, stuff. vagary, tomfoolery, mummery, mon- key trick, houtade, escapade. V. play the fool &c. 499 ; talk non- sense, parler a tort et a t ravers ; battre la campagne-, dvepoiXia /Sd^eti/; be -absurd &c. adj. Adj. absurd, nonsensical, preposterous, egregious, senseless, incon- sistent, ridiculous, extravagant, quibbling ; macaronic, punning. foolish &c. 499 ; sophistical &c. 477 ; unmeaning &;c. 517 ; without rhyme or reason ; fantastic. Int. fiddle-de-dee ! pish ! pho ! in the name of the Prophet — figs ! Phr. credat Judceus Apella ; tell it to the marines. Faculties. 498. Xntellig-ence. Wisdom. — N". intelligence, capacity, comprehen- sion, understanding ; intellect &c. 450 ; nous, parts, sagacity, mother wit, wit, esprit, gumption, quick parts, grasp of intellect ; acuteness &c. adj. ; acumen, subtlety, penetration ; perspica-cy, -city ; discernment, due sense of, good judg- ment ; discrimination &c. 465 ; cunning &c. 702 ; refinement &c. {taste) 850. head, brains, head-piece, upper story, long head ; eagle -eye, - glance ; eye of a -lynx, - hawk. wisdom, sapience, sense ; good -, com- mon -, plain- sense ; rationality, reason ; reasonableness &c. adj.: judgment; so- lidity, depth, profundity, calibre ; en- larged views; reach -, compass- of thought ; enlargement of mind. genius, inspiration, geist, fire of genius, heaven- born, genius, soul; talent &c. {aptitude) 698. [Wisdom in action] prudence &c. 864; vigilance &c. 459 ; tact &c. 698 ; fore- sight Sec. 510; sobriety, self-possession, aplomb, ballast. a bright thought, not a bad idea. V. be -intelligent &c. adj.; have all one's wits about one ; understand &c. {intelligible) 518; catch -, take in- an idea ; take a -joke, - hint. see -through, - at a glance, - with half an eye, - far into, - through a mill- 145 499. Imbecility. Folly.— xr. want of -intelligence &c. 498, - intellect &c. 450 ; shallow-, silli-, foolish-ness, &c. adj. ; imbecility, incapacity, vacancy of mind, poverty of intellect, clouded per- ception, poor head, apartments to let ; stup-, stol-idity ; hebetude, dull un- dei-standing, meanest capacity; short- sightedness ; incompetence &c {unshil- fulness) 699. one's weak side: bias &c. 481; in- fatuation Sec. {insanitg) 503. simplicity, puerility, babyhood ; do- tage, anility, second childishness, fatu- ity ; idio-cy, -tism ; drivelling. folly, frivolity, irrationality, trifling, ineptitude, nugacity, inconsistency, lip- wisdom, conceit ; sophistry &c. 477 ; giddiness &c. {inattention) 458 ; eccen- tricity &c. 503; extravagance «fec. {ab- surdity) 497 ; rashness Sec. 863. act of folly &c. 699. V. be -imbecile &c adj. ; have no -brains, - sense &c. 498. trifle, drivel, radoter, dote ; ramble &c. (madness) 503 ; play the -fool, - monkey ; take leave of one's senses ; not see an inch beyond one's nose ; stultify oneself &c. 699 ; talk nonsense &c. 497. Adj. [Applied to persons] un-intelli- gent, -intellectual, -reasoning ; mind-, brain-less ; having no L Wit-, reason- ^98—501. INTELLECT. IV. (L) V. stone; penetrate; discern &c, {descry) 441 ; foresee &c. 510. discriminate &c. 465; know what's what &c. 698 ; listen to reason. Adj . [Applied to persons] intelligent, quick of apprehension, keen, acute, alive, awake, bright, quick, sharp ; quick-, keen-, clear-, sharp- -eyed, -sighted, -witted ; wide awake ; canny, shrewd, astute ; clear-headed ; far-sighted &c. 510; discerning, perspicacious, pene- trating, piercing ; argute ; nimble-, needle- witted ; sharp as a needle ; alive to &c. {cognizant) 490 ; clever &c. {apt) 698 ; arch &c. {cunning) 702 ; pas si bete ; acute &c. 682. wise, sage, sapient, sagacious, reason- able, rational, sound, in one's right mind, sensible, abnormis sapiens, judicious, strong-minded. un - prejudiced, -biassed, -bigoted, -prepossessed ; un-dazzled, -perplexed ; of unwarped judgment, impartial, equit- able, fair. -head Sec. 498 ; not -bright &c. 498 ; inapprehensible. weak-, addle-, puzzle-, blunder-, muddle-, muddy-, pig-, beetle-, mag- goty-, gross-headed ; beef-, fat- -witted, -headed. weak-, feeble-minded ; dull-, shallow-, lack-brained ; half-, short-, dull-, blunt- witted ; shallow-, clod-, addle-pated ; dim-, short - sighted ; thick - skulled ; weak in the upper story. shallow, borne, weak, wanting, soft, sappy, spoony ; dull, - as a beetle ; stupid, heavy, insulse, obtuse, blunt, stolid, doltish, asinine ; inapt &c. 699 ; prosaic &c. 843. child-ish, -like ; infant-ine, -ile ; baby-^, bab-ish ; puerile, anile ; simple &c. {credulous) 486. fatuous, idiotic, imbecile, drivelling; blatant, babbling ; vacant ; sottish ; be- wildered &c. 475. blockish, unteachable ; Bceot-ian, -ic ; bovine ; un-gifted, -discerning, -enlight- cool ; cool-, long-, hard-, strong- | ened, -wise, -philosophical ; apish. headed ; long - sighted, calculating, j thoughtful, reflecting ; solid, deep, pro- found. oracular ; heaven-directed, -born. prudent &c. {cautious) 864; sober, itaid, solid ; considerate, politic, wise in one's generation ; watchful &c. 459 ; provident &c. {prepared) 673 ; in ad- vance of one's age ; wise as -a serpent, - Salomon, - Solon. [Applied to actions] wise, sensible, reasonable, judicious ; well - judged, -advised ; prudent, politic ; expedient &c. 646. 146 foolish, silly, senseless, irrational, in- sensate, nonsensical, inept ; maudlin. narrow-minded &c. 48 1 ; bigoted &c. {obstinate) 606 ; giddy &c. {thoughtless) 458; rash &c. 863 ; eccentric &c.{crazed) 503. [Applied to actions] foolish, unwise, injudicious, improper, unreasonable, without reason, ridiculous, silly, stupid, asinine ; ill-imagined, -advised, -judged, -devised ; inconsistent, irrational, un- philosophical ; extravagant &c. {non- sensical) 497 ; sleeveless, idle ; useless &c. 645 ; inexpedient &c. 647 ; frivolous &c. {trivial) 643. Plir. Davus sum non (Edipus. 501. Pool.— N". fool, idiot, tom- fool, wiseacre, simpleton, witling, diz- zard, donkey, ass ; ninny, -hammer ; dolt, booby, Tom Noddy, looby, hoddy- doddy, noddy, nonny, noodle, nizy, owl ; goose, -cap; imbecile-^ gal'y, radoteur, nincompoop, badaud, zany; trifler, bab- bler ; pretty fellow ; natural, niais. child, baby, infant, innocent, milksop, sop. oaf, lout, loon, lown, dullard, doodle, calf, colt, buzzard, block, put, stick, stock, numps, tony, bull-, dunder-, addle-, block-, dull-, logger-, jolt-, jolter-. beetle-, 500. Sag'e. — W. sage, wise man ; master -mind, - spirit of the age ; long- head, thinker. authority, oracle, luminary, shining light, esjyrit fort, magnus Apollo, Solon, Solomon, Nestor, Magi, ' second Daniel.' man of learning &c. 492 ; expert &c. 700; wizard Sic. 994. [Ironically] wiseacre, bigwig. Adj. venerable, reverenced, emei'itus. IV. (L) V. RESULTS OF REASONING. 501—503. half-, gross-, giddy-head ; num-, thick-skull ; lack-, shallow-brain lack-wit ; dunder-pate. sawney, gowk ; clod, -hopper ; clod-, clot-poll, -pate ; bull-calf ; men of Boeotia, wise men of Gotham. un sot a triple etage, »ot) jobbernowl, changeling, mooncalf, _^/o6e- mouche. dotard, driveller ; old -fogey, - woman ; crone, grandmother. greenhorn &c. (dujje) 547 ; dunce &c. (ignoramus) 493 ; lubber &c. {bungle?-) 701 ; madman &c. 504. one who -will not set the Thames on fire, - did not invent gun- powder ; qui n^a IMS invenUe la poudre ; no conjuror. 502. Sanity. — u. sanity; sound- ness &c. adj. ; rationality, sobriety, luci- dity, lucid interval ; senses, sober senses, sound mind, mens sana. V. be -sane &c. adj.-^ retain one's senses, - reason. become -sane k,c. adj. ; come to one's senses, sober down. render -sane &c. adj. ; bring to one's senses, sober. Adj . sane, rational, reasonable, cofnpos mentis, of sound mind ; sound, -minded. self-possessed ; sober, -minded. in one's -sober senses, - right mind; in possession of one's faculties. Adv. sanely &c. adj. 503. Insanity. — w. disordered -reason, - intellect ; diseased -, unsound -, abnormal- mind ; derangement, un- soundness. insanity, lunacy; madness Sec. adj., mania, rabies, furor, mental alienation, aberration; demen - tation, -tia, -cy; phrenitis, phrensy, frenzy, raving, inco- herence, wandering, delirium, calenture j of the brain, delusion, hallucination; h- canthropy, j vertigo, dizziness, swimming ; sun- stroke, coup de soleil, siriasis. fanaticism, infatuation, craze ; oddity, eccentricity, twist, monomania; klepto-, dipso-mania ; hypochondriasis &c. (low spints) 837 ; melancholia, hysteria. screw -, tile -, slate- loose ; bee in one's bonnet, rats in the upper story, dotage &c, {imhecility) 499. V. be -, become- -insane kc. adj. ; lose one's senses, - reason, - fac- ulties, - wits ; go -, run- mad ; rave, dote, ramble, wander ; drivel &c. {be imbecile) 499; have a -screw loose &c. n., - devil; avoir le diable au corps; lose one's head &c. {be uncei-tain) 475. render -, drive- -mad &c. adj. ; madden, dementate, addle the wits, derange the head, infatuate, befool ; turn -the brain, - one s head. Adj. insane, mad, lunatic ; crazy, crazed, aliene, non comjyos mentis ; not right, cracked, touched ; bereft of reason ; unhinged, unsettled in one's mind ; insensate, reasonless, beside oneself, demented, daft ; phren-, fren-zied, -etic ; possessed, - with a devil ; far gone, mad- dened, moonstruck ; shatterpated ; mad-, scatter-, shatter-, crack- brained ; off one's head. maniacal ; delirious, light-headed, incoherent, rambling, doting, wandering ; frantic, raving, stark staring mad. corybantic, dithyrambic; rabid, giddy, vertiginous, wild; haggard, mazed; flighty; distr-acted, -aught; bewildered &c. {uncertain) 475. mad as a -March hare, - hatter; of -unsomid mind &c. n. ; touched -, wrong -, not right- in one's -head, - mind, - wits, - upper story ; out of one's -mind, - senses, - wits ; not in one's right mind, fanatical, infatuated, odd, eccentric ; hypp-ed, -ish. imbecile, silly, &c. 499. Adv. like one possessed. Phr. the mind having lost its balance tete -exaltee, -7nontee. the reason under a cloud : 147 L 2 504—506. INTELLECT. IV. (I.) TI. 504. Madman. — tr. madman, lunatic, maniac, bedlamite, candi- date for Bedlam, raver, madcap ; energumen ; auto-, mono-, dipso-, klepto-maniac ; hypochondriac &c. {loiv spirits) 837. dreamer &c. 515; rhapsodist, seer, high-flier, enthusiast, fanatic, /a- natico ; exalte ; knight errant, Don Quixote. idiot (fee. 501. Section VI. Extension or Thought. 505. IMCemory. — w. memory, re- To the Past. 506. Oblivion. — kt. oblivion; ioT:- getfulness &c. adj. ; obliteration &c. 553 of -, insensibility &c. 823 to- the past. short -, treacherous -, loose -, slip- pery -, failing- memory; decay -, failure -, lapse- of memory; waters of -Lethe, - oblivion. V. forget ; be -forgetful &c. adj. ; fall -, sink- into oblivion ; have -a short memory &c. n., - no head. forget one's ov7n name, have on the tip of one's tongue, come in at one ear and go out at the other. slip -, escape -, fade from -, die away from- the memory; lose, - siofht of. membrance; reten-tion, -tiveness; te nacity ; veteris vestigia jiammce ; tablets of the memory ; readiness. reminiscence, recognition, recurrence, recollection, rememoration ; retrospect, -ion ; after-thought. suggestion &c. {information) 527; prompting &c. v. ; hint, reminder, token of remembrance, tnemento, souvenir, keepsake, relic, memorandum ; re:nem- brancer, flapper ; memorial &c. {I'ecord) 551; commemoration &c. (cdehration) things to be remembered, memorabilia. art of-, artificial- memory; memoria tec/mica ; mnemo-nics, -technics ; phre- notypics ; Mnemosyne. retentive -, tenacious -, green -, trust- worthy -, capacious -, faithful -, cor- rect -, exact-, ready -, prompt- memory. V. remember, mind ; retain the -rae- moiy, - remembrance- of ; keep in view. have -, hold -, bear -, carry -, keep -, retain- in or in the -thoughts, - mind, - memory, - remembrance ; be in -, live in -, remain in -, dwell in -, haunt -, impress- one's -memory, - thoughts, - mind. sink in the mind ; run in the head ; not be able to get it out of one's head ; be deeply impressed with; rankle &c. (revenge) 919. recur to the mind ; flash -on the mind, - across the memory, recognize, recollect, bethink oneself, recall, call up, retrace ; look -, trace- -back, - backwards ; think -, look back- upon ; review ; call -, recall -, bring- to -mind, - remembrance ; carry one's thoughts back ; rake up the past. suggest &c. {inform) 527 ; prompt ; put -, keep- in mind ; remind ; fan the embers ; call -, summon -, rip- up ; renew ; infandum reno- vare doloi'em ; task -, tax -, jog -, flap -, refresh -, rub up -, awaken- the memory ; pull by the sleeve ; bring back to the memory, put in remembrance, memorialize. get -, have -, learn -, know -, say -, repeat- by -heart, - rote ; say one's lesson ; repeat, - as v. parrot ; have at one's fingers' ends. 148 from the memory ; consign to -oblivion, - the tomb of the Oapulets ; think no more of &c. {turn the attention from) 458 ; cast behind one's back, wean one's thoughts from ; let bygones be bygones &c. {forgive) 918. Adj. forgotten &c. v. ; unremem- bered, past recollection, bygone, out of mind ; buried -, sunk- in oblivion ; clean forgotten ; gone out of one's -head, - recollection. forgetful, oblivious, mindless, Le- thean ; insensible &c. 823- to the past. Phr. non mi ricordo ; the memory -failing, - deserting one, - being at {or in) fault. IV. (I.) YI. EXTENSION OF THOUGHT. 505—508. commit to memory ; con, - over ; fix -, livet -, imprint -, impress -, stamp -, grave -, engrave -, store -, treasure up -, Dottle up -, em- balm -, enshrine- in the memory ; load -, store -, stuif -, burden- the memory with. redeem from oblivion ; keep the -memory alive, - wound green ; tangere ulcus; keep up the memory of; commemorate &c. {cdehrate) make a note of &c. (record) 551. Adj. remember-ing, -ed »&c. v. ; mindful, reminiscential ; retained in the memory &c. v. ; pent up in one's memory ; fresh ; green, - in remembrance ; unforgotten, present to the mind ; within one's -memory &c. n. ; indelible ; uppermost in one's thoughts ; memorable &c. (««- portanf) 642. Adv. by -heart, - rote ; without book, memoriter. in memory of ; in memoi'iani ; suggestive. Phr. manet altd mente repostum ; forsan et hcec olim meminisse juvabit. 2°. To the Future. 507. Sxpectatlon. — wr. ex- pect-ation, -ance, -ancy ; anticipation, reckoning, calculation ; foresight &c. 510. contemplation, prospection, look out ; prospect, perspective, horizon, vista ; destiny &c. 152. suspense, waiting, abeyance ; curio- sity &c. 455 ; anxious -, ardent -, eager -, breathless -, sanguine- expecta- tion ; torment of Tantalus. hope &c. 858 ; trust &c. (belief) 484 ; auspices &c. (prediction) 511. V. expect ; look -for, - out for, - forward to ; hope for, anticipate ; have in -prospect, - contemplation ; keep in view ; contemplate, promise oneself ; not -wonder &c. 870 -at, - if. wait -, tarry -, lie in wait -, watch -, bargain- for ; keep a -good, - sharp- look out for; await; stand at 'attention,' abide, bide one's time, watch. foresee &c. 510; prepare for &c. 673 ; forestall &c. (he early) 132 ; count upon kc. (believe in) 484; think likely &c. {probability) 472. lead one to expect &c. (predict) 511 ; have in store for &c. (destiny) 152. prick up one's ears, hold one's breath. Adj. expectant ; expecting &c. v. ; in -expectation tfcc. n. ; on the watch kQ..(mgilant) 459; open-eyed, -mouthed ; agape, gaping, all agog; on -tenter- hooks, - tiptoe, - the tiptoe of expecta- tion ; aux aguets ; ready ; curious &c. 455. expected &c. v. ; long expected, fore- I 508. Znexpectation. — XT. in-, I non-expectation ; false expectation kc. I (disappointment) 509; miscalculation &c. 481. surprise, sudden burst, thunderclap, blow, shock ; bolt out of the blue ; wonder kc 870. V. not -expect &c. 507 ; be taken by surprise; start; miscalculate &c. 481 ; not bargain for ; come -, fall- upon. be -unexpected &c. adj. ; come -un- awares &c. adv. ; turn up, pop, drop , from the clouds ; come -, burst -, flash j -, bounce -, steal -, creep- upon one; come -, burst- like a thunder-clap, -bolt ; take -, catch- -by sui-prise, - unawares, - napping. i pounce -, spring a mine- upon. I surprise, startle, take aback, electrify, \ stun, stagger, take away one's breath, throw oft" one's guard ; astonish &c. (strike icith wonder) 870. I Adj. non-expectant ; surprised &c. v. ; un-wamed, -aware ; off one's guard ; in- attentive &c. 458. I un-expected, -anticipated, -looked for, -foreseen, -hoped for ; dropped from the ! clouds ; beyond -, contrary to -, against- ' expectation ; out of one's reckoning ; unheard of &c. (exceptional) 83 ; start- ling ; sudden &;c. (instantaneous) 113. Adv. abruptly, unexpectedly, plump, pop, a Viinproviste, unawares; without -notice, - warning, - saying ' by your I leave ' ; like a -thief in the night, - j thunderbolt ; in an unguarded moment ; suddenly &c. (instantaneously) 1 1 3. 149 507—511. INTELLECT. IV. (T.) yi. Int. heydey ! &c. {wonder) 870. Phr. little did one -think, - expect ; nobody would ever -suppose, - think, - expect ; who would have thought ? seen ; in prospect Sec. n. ; prospective ; in -one's eye, - view, - the horizon ; impending &c. (destiny) 152. Adv. on the watch &c. adj. ; with -breathless expectation &c. n.', - bated breath ; arrectis auribus. Phr. we shall see ; nous ver7'ons. 509. [Failure of expectation.] Disappointment. — w. dis- appointment ; blighted hope, balk ; blow ; slip 'twixt cup and lip ; non- fufilment of one's hopes ; sad -, bitter- disappointment ; trick of fortune ; afterclap; false -, vain- expectation; miscalculation &c. 481; fool's paradise ; much cry and little wool. V. be disappointed ; look -blank, - blue ; look -, stand- -aghast &c. {iconder) 870; find to one's cost; laugh on the wrong side of one's mouth ; find one a false prophet. disappoint ; crush -, dash -, balk -, disappoint -, blight -, falsify -, defeat -, not realise- one's -hope, - expectation ; balk, jilt, bilk; play one -false, - a trick ; dash the cup from the lips ; tantalize ; dumfounder. Adj. disappointed &c. V. ; disconcerted, aghast ; out of one's reckoning. Phr. the mountain brought forth a mouse ; nascitur ridicvlus mus ; paHuriunt monies ; diis alitw visum, the bubble burst ; one's countenance falling. 510. Foresig'bt. — W. foresight, prospicience, prevision, longsight- edness ; anticipation ; providence &c. {pi'eparation) 673. fore-thought, -cast ; pre-deliberation, -surmise ; foregone conclusion &c. (prejudgment) 481 ; prudence &c. (caution) 864. foreknowledge ; 2^^'^ff^^^'^^ 5 pre-cognitioii, -science, -notion, -senti- ment ; second sight ; sagacity &c. (intelligence) 498. prospect &c. (expectation) 507; foretaste; prospectus &c. (plan) 626. V. foresee ; look -forwards to, - ahead, - beyond ; scent from afar ; look -, pry -, peep- into the future. see one's way; see how the -land lies, - wind blows, - cat jumps. anticipate; expect &c. 507; be beforehand &c. (early) 132; predict &c. 511; fore-know, -judge, -cast ; presurmise ; have an e3^e to the -fu- ture, - main chance ; respicere Jinem ; keep a sharp look-out &c. (vigilance) 459; forewarn &c. 668. Adj. foreseeing &c. r. ; prescient; far-seeing, -sighted; sagacious &c. (intelligent) 498; weather-wise; provident &c. (prepared) 6'jyy pro- spective &c. 507. Adv. against the time when. 511. Prediction. — W. prediction, announcement; programme &c. (jylan) 626; premonition &c. (teaming) 668; prognosis, prophecy, vati- cination, Mantology, prognostication, premonstration ; augur-y, -ation ; a-, ha-riolation ; fore-, a-boding; bode-, abode-ment; omin-ation, -ous- ness ; auspices, forecast ; omen &c. 512; horoscope, nativity ; sooth, -saying ; fortune-telling ; divination ; necromancy &c. 992. [Divination by the stars] Astrology, Horoscopy, Judicial Astrology.* [Place of prediction] adytum. prefigur-ation, -ement ; prototype, type. * The follo'wing terras, expressive of different forms of divination, have been col- lected from various sources, and are here given as a curious illustration of bygone super- stitions : — Divination by oracles, Theomancy; b^ the Bible, Bibliomancj; ftj/ ghosts, Psycho- ISO IV. (I.) vi.-Tn. CREATIVE THOUGHT, &c. 511—514. V. predict, prognosticate, prophesy, vaticinate, divine, foretell, sooth- say, augurate, tell fortunes ; cast a -horoscope, - nativity ; advise ; fore- warn &c. 668. presage, augur, bode ; a-, fore-hode ; fore-, he-token ; pre-figure -show ; portend ; fore-show, -shadow ; shadow forth, typify, protypify ominate, signify, point to. usher in, herald, premise, announce ; lower. hold out -, raise -, excite- -expectation, - hope ; hid fair, promise lead one to expect ; be the -precursor &c. 64. Adj. predicting &c. v. ; predictive, prophetic, fatidical, vaticinal oracular, Sibylline ; weatherwise. ominous, portentous ; augur-ous, -ial ; auspici-al, -ous ; prescious monitory, extispicious, premonitory, significant of, pregnant with, big with the fate of. Php. ' coming events cast their shadows before.' 512. Omen.— IT. omen, portent, presage, prognostic, augury, aus- pice; sign &c. {indication) 550; harbinger &c, (p-ecuj-sor) 64. bird of ill omen ; signs of the times ; gathering clouds ; warning &c. 668. prefigurement «S:c. 511. 513. Oracle. — N". oracle ; prophet, seer, soothsayer, augur, for- tune-teller, witch, geomancer, aruspex ; a-, ha-ruspice ; Sibyl ; Python, -ess ; Pythia ; Pythian -, Delphian- oracle 5 Monitor, Sphinx, Tiresias, Cassandra, Sibylline leaves; Zadkiel, Old Moore; sorcerer &c. 994; interpreter &c. 524. Section VII. Ckeative Thought. 514. Supposition. — W. supposition, assumption, postulation, condition, pre-supposition, hypothesis, postulate, postvlatum, theory, data ; pro-, position ; thesis, theorem ; proposal &c. (plan) 626. bare -, vague -, loose- -supposition, - suggestion ; conceit ; conjecture ; guess,- work; rough guess, shot; conjecturality; surmise, suspicion, mancy ; 6?/ spirits seen in a magic lens, Cristallomantia ; by shadows or manes, Scio- mancy ; hy appearances in the air, Aeromancy, Chaomancy ; by the stars at birth, Genethliacs ; by meteors, Meteoromancy ; by winds, Austromancy ; by sacrificial appear- ances, Aruspicy {or Haruspicy), Hieromancy, Hieroscopy ; by the entrails of animals sacrificed, Hieromancy ; by the entrails of a human sacrifice, Anthropomancy ; by the entrails of fishes, Ichthyomancy ; by sacrificial fire, Pyromancy; by red-hot iron, Sidero- mancy ; by smoke from the altar, Capnomancy ; by mice, Myomancy ; by birds, Orni- scopy, Ornithomancy ; by a cock picking up grains, Alectryomancy {or Alectoromancy) ; by fishes, Ophiomancy ; by herbs, Botanomancy; by water, Hydromancy ; by fountains, Pegomancy ; by a wand, Rhabdomancy ; by dough of cakes, Crithomancy ; by meal, Aleuromancy, Alphitomancy ; by salt, Halomancy ; by dice, Cleromancy ; by arrows, Belomancy ; by a balanced hatchet, Axiiiomancy ; by a balanced sieve, Coscinomancy ; by a suspended ring, Dactyliomancy ; by dots made at random on paper, Geomancy ; by precious stones, Lithomaney ; by pebbles, Pessomancy ; by pebbles drawn from a heap, Psephomancy ; by mirrors, Catoptromancy ; by writings in ashes, Tephramancy ; by dreams, Oneiromancy; by the hand, Palmistry, Chiromancy; by nails reflecting the sun's rays, Onychomancy ; by finger rings, Dactylomancy ; by numbers, Arithmancy ; by drawing lots, Sortilege; by passages in books, Stichomancy; by the letters forming the name of the person, Onomancy, Nomancy ; by the features, Anthroposcopy ; by the mode of laughing, Geloscopy ; by ventriloquism, Gastromaney; by walking in a circle, Gyro- mancy ; by dropping melted vxix into water, Ceromancy ; by currents, Bletonism. SX-a— 515. INTELLECT. IV. (I.) vil. inklinf^, suggestion, association of ideas, hint; presumption &c. {belief) 484; divination, speculation. V. suppose, conjecture, surmise, suspect, guess, divine ; theorize ; pre-sume, -surmise, -suppose; assume, fancy, wis, take it; give a guess, speculate, believe, dare say, take it into one's head, take for granted. put forth ; pro-pound, -pose ; start, put a case, move, make a motion ; hazard -, throw out -, put forward- a -suggestion, - conjecture. allude to, suggest, hint, put it into one's head. suggest itself &c. {thought) 45 1 ; run in the head &c. {me7nory) 505 5 marvel -, wonder- -if, - whether. Adj. supposing &c. v.; given, mooted, postulatory; assumed &c. v. ; supposit-ive, -itious ; gratuitous, speculative, conjectural, hypothetical, theoretical, supposable, presumptive, putative. suggestive, allusive. Adv. if, - so be ; an ; on the -supposition &c. n. ; ex hypothesi ; in -case, - the event of ; quasi, as if, provided ; perhaps &c. {by possibility) 470; for aught one knows. 515. Iznagrination. — W. imagination; originality; invention; fancy; inspiration; verve. warm -, heated -, excited -, sanguine -, ardent -, fiery -, boiling -, wild -, bold -, daring -, playful -, lively -, fertile- -imagination, - fancy. * mind's eye ' ; ' such stuff as dreams are made of.' ideal-ity, -ism ; romanticism, utopianism, castle-building ; dreaming ; phrensy, frenzy; ecs-, ex-tasy; calenture &c. {delirium) 503; reverie, trance; somnambulism. conception, vorstellung, excogitation, ' a fine frenzy ' ; cloud-, dream- land ; flight -, fumes- of fancy ; ' thick-coming fancies ' ; creation -, coinage- of the brain ; imagery. conceit, maggot, figment, myth, dream, vision, shadow, chimera ; phan- tasm, -tasy; fantasy, fancy; whim, -sey; vagary, rhapsody, romance, e^i- travaganza ; air-drawn dagger, bugbear, nightmare ; flying Dutchman, great sea-serpent, man in the moon, castle in the air, chateau en Espagne ; Utopia, Atlantis, happy valley, millennium, fairy land ; land of Prester John, kingdom of Micomicon ; work of fiction &c. (?? owe/) 594; Arabian nights; le pot au lait; dream of Alnaschar &c. {hope) 858; day -, golden- dream. illusion &c. {error) 495 ; phantom &c. {fallacy of vision) 443 ; Fata Morgana &c. {ignis fatuus) 423; vapour .»S:c. {cloud) 353; stretch of the imagination &c. {exaggeration) 549. idealist, romanticist, visionary ; mopus ; romancer, dreamer ; somnam- bulist ; rhapsodist &c. {fanatic) 504. V. imagine, fancy, conceive; ideal-, real-ize ; dream,- of; ^give to airy nothing a local habitation and a name.' create, originate, devise, invent, coin, fabricate ; improvise, strike out something new. set one's wits to work ; strain -, crack- one's invention ; rack -, ran- sack -, cudgel- one's brains ; excogitate. give -play, - the reins, - a loose- to the- -imagination, - fancy; in- dulge in reverie. conjure up a vision ; fancy -, represent -, picture -, figure- to one- self; vorstellen. float in the mind ; suggest itself &c. {thought) 451. Adj. imagined &c. v. ; ben trovato ; air-drawn, -built. imagin-ing &c. v., -ative ; original, inventive, creative, fertile. 152 COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS. 515—519. IV. (II.) I. romantic, high-flown, flighty, extra vagact, fanatic, enthusiastic, Uto- pian, Quixotic. ideal, unreal ; in the clouds, in nvMbus ; unsubstantial &c. 4 ; illusory &c. {fallacious) 495. fabulous, legendary; myth-ic, -ological; chimerical; imagin-, vision- ary ; notional ; fan-cy, -ciful, -tastical ; whimsical ; fairy, -like. Division (II.) COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS. Section I. Nature of Ideas communicate©. 516. [Idea to be conveyed.] mean- ing'. [Thing signified.] — W. meaning ; signific-ation, -ance ; sense, expression ; im-, pur-port ; drift, tenour, spirit, bear- ing, colouring; scope. matter ; subject, -matter ; argument, text, sum and substance ; gist &c. 5. general -, broad -, substantial -, col- loquial -, literal -, plain -, simple -, natural -, unstrained -, true &c. {exact) 494 -, honest &c. 543 -, pri77ui facie &c. {manifest) 525- meaning. literality ; after acceptation ; allusion &C. {latency) 526; suggestion &c. {infor- mation) $27-, synonym; figure of speech &c. 521 ; acceptation &c. {inteiyretatiun) 522. V. mean, signify, express; im-, pur- port ; convey, imply, breathe, indicate, bespeak, bear a sense ; tell -, speak- of; touch on ; point -, allude- to ; drive at ; involve &c. {latency) 526; declare &;c. {affirm) 535. understand by kc. {interpret) 522. Adj. meaning &c. r. ; expressive, sug- gestive, allusive; signific-ant, -ative, -atory ; pithy ; full of -, pregnant with- meaning. declaratory &c 535; intelligible &c. 518; literal; synonymous; tantamount &c. {equivaleTit) 27 ; implied &c. {latent) 526; explicit &c. 525. JLdv. to that effect ; that is to say &c. {being interpreted) 522. 518. Intelligribility.— M". intelli- gibility ; clearness, explicitness &c. adj. ; lucidity, perspicuity; legibility, plain speaking &c. {manifestation) 525; pre- cision &C. 494; ^(ovavra a-vveTolcn, a word to the wise. V. be -intelligible &c. adj. ; speak 517. [Absence of meaning.] Un« meaningrness. — XT. unmeaningness &c. adj. ; scrabble. empty sound, dead letter, vox et prce- terea 7iikil ; ' a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing ' ; ' sounding bi*ass and a tinkling cymbal.' nonsense, jargon, gibberish, jabber, mere words, hocus-pocus, fustian, rant, bombast, balderdash, palaver, flummery, verbiage, babble, havardoge, baragouin, platitude, ww/sme ; inanity; rigmarole, rodomontade ; truism ; nugcs canor<^ ; twaddle, twattle, fudge, trash ; stuff*, - and nonsense ; bosh, rubbish, moonshine, wish-wash, fiddle-faddle ; absurdity &c. 497; vagueness &c. {unintelligibility) V. mean nothing ; be -unmeaning &:c. adj. ; twaddle, quibble, scrabble. Adj. unmeaning; meaning-, sense- less; nonsensical; void of -sense &c. in-, un-expressive ; vacant ; not -sig- nificant &c. 516; insignificant. trashy, washy, trumpery, trivial, fiddle- faddle, twaddling, quibbling. unmeant, not expressed ; tacit &c. (/a- tent) 526. inexpressible, undefinable, incommuni- cable. 519. Unintelligribillty.—W. un- intelligibility, incomprehensibility, im- perspicuity ; inconceivableness, vague- ness, &c. adj. ; obscurity ; ambiguity &c. 520; doubtful meaning ; uncertainty &c. 475; perplexity &c. (cari/M5i'aw) 59; spi- nosity ; obscurum per obscurius ; mystifi- SIB— 521. INTELLECT. tell its own tiile, 'for itself, - volumes ; lie on the surface. render -intelligible &c. adj.', popula- rize, simplify, clear up; elucidate &c. {explain) 522. understand, comprehend ; take, - in : catch, grasp, follow, collect, master, make out ; see -with half an eye, - daylight, - one's way; enter into the ideas of; come to an understanding. Adj. intelligible ; clear, - as -day, - noonday; lucid; per-, tran-spicuous ; lu- minous, transparent. easily understood, easy to understand, for the million, intelligible to the mean- est capacity, popularized. plain, distinct, explicit ; positive ; de- finite &c. (precise) 494. graphic; expressive &c. {meaning) 516; illustrative &c. (explanatory) 522. un-ambiguous, -equivocal, -mistakable «S:c. (manifest) 525, -confused ; legible, recognizable; obvious &c. 525. Adv. in plain -terms, - words, - Eng- lish. Phr. he that runs may read &c. (ma- nifest) 525. IV. (II.) T. latency cation &c. [concealment) 528; ifec. 526; transcendentalism. paradox; riddle &c. (secret) 533; dig- 71US vindice nodus ; sealed book ; stegano- graphy, freemasonry. pons asinorum, asses' bridge ; high Dutch, Greek, Hebrew; jargon &c. (un- meaning) 517. V. be -unintelligible &c. adj. ; require -explanation &c. 522; have a doubtful meaning, pass comprehension. render -unintelligible &c. adj. ; conceal &c. 528; darken &c. 421; confuse &c. (derange) 61 ; perplex &c. (heicilder) 475. not -understand &c. 518; lose, - the clue ; miss ; not know what to make of, be able to make nothing of, give it up ; not be able to -account for, - make either head or tail of; be at sea &c. (uncertain) 475; wonder &:c. 870; see through a glass darkly &c. (ignorance) 491. not understand one another ; play at cross purposes &c. (misinte?'2)?'et) 523. Adj. un - intelligible, -accountable, -decipherable, -discoverable, -knowable, -fathomable ; in-cognizable, -explicable, -scrutable ; inap-, incom-prehensible ; in- sol-vable, -uble ; impenetrable. illegible, as Greek to one, unexplained, paradoxical ; enigmatic, -al ; puzzling, obscure, dark, muddy, clear as mud, seen through a mist, dim, nebu- lous, shrouded in mystery; undiscernible &c. (invisible) 447; misty &c. (opaque) 426; hidden &c. 528; latent &c. 526. indefinite &c. (indistinct) 447; perplexed &c. (confused) 59; unde- termined, vague, loose, ambiguous ; mysterious ; mystic, -al ; transcen- dental ; occult, recondite, abstruse, crabbed. incon-ceivable, -ceptible ; searchless ; above -, beyond -, past- com- prehension; beyond one's depth ; unconceived. inexpressible, undefinable, incommunicable. 520. [Having a double sense.] Equivocalness.— 2T. equivocal- ness Sec. adj.-, double -meaning &c. 516; ambiguity, double entendre, ^un, paragram, calembour, quibble, equivoque, anagram ; conundrum &c. (riddle) 533; word-play &c. (wit) 842; homonym, -y ; amphibo-ly, -logy; ambiloquy. Sphinx, Delphic oracle. equivocation &c. (dujjlicitg) 544; white lie, mental reservation iS:c. (concealment) 528. V. be -equivocal &c. adj. ; have two -meanings &c. 516; equivocate &c. (palter) 544. Adj. equivocal, ambiguous, amphibolous, homonymous ; double- tongued &c. (lying) 544. 521. metaphor. — w. figure of speech ; faqon de parler, way of speaking, colloquialism. phrase &c. 566 ; figure, trope, metaphor, metonymv, enallage, catu' 154 IV. (II.) I. COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS. 521—524. chresis, nynecdoche, autonomasia ; irony, figurativeness &c. adj. ; imao'e, -ry : metalepsis, type, anagoge, simile, personification, prosopopoeia, alle- gory, apologue, parable, fable ; allusion, adumbration ; application. V. employ -metaphor &c. n. ; personify, allegorize, adumbrate, shadow forth, apply, allude to. Adj. metaphorical, figurative, catachrestical, typical, tralatitious, parabolic, allegorical, allusive, anagogical ; ironical ; colloquial. Adv. so to -speak, - say, - express oneself ; as it were. Plir. mutato nomine de tefabula narratur. 523. Misinterpretation.— sr. mis-interpretation, -apprehension, -un- derstanding, -acceptation, - construction, -application; catachresisx cross -reading, - purposes ; mistake &c. 495. misrepresentation, perversion, exag- geration &c. 549 ; false -colouring, -con- struction ; abuse of terms ; parody, tra- vesty ; falsification &c. (lying) 544. V. mis-interpret, -apprehend, -under- stand, -conceive, -spell, -translate, -con- strue, -apply ; mistake &c. 495. misrepresent, pervert; garble &c. {falsify) 544 ; distort, detort ; travesty, play upon words ; stretch -, strain -, wrest- the -sense, - meaning ; explain away ; put a -bad, - false- construction on ; *^give a false colouring. be -, play- at cross purposes. Adj. misinterpreted «S:c. v. ; untrans- lat-ed, -able. 522. Interpretation. — m. in- terpretation, definition ; explan-, explic- ation ; solution, answer ; rationale ; plain -, simple -, strict- interpretation ; meaning &c. 516. translation ; rend-ering, -ition ; red- dition ; literal -, free- translation ; key ; secret ; clew &c. {indication) 5 50. exegesis ; ex-pounding, -position ; Her- meneutics ; comment, -ary ; inference Szc. {deduction) 480 ; illustration, exem- plification ; gloss, annotation, scholium, note ; e-, di-lucidation ; eclaircissement, mot d'enigme. symptomat -, semei - ology ; metopo- scopy, physiognomy ; paleography &c. (philology) 560, accept-ion, -ation, -ance ; light, read- ing, lection, construction, version. equivalent, - meaning &c. 516; syno- nym ; para-, meta-phrase ; convertible terms, apposition ; dictionary &c. 562 ; polyglot, V. interpret, explain, define, construe, translate, render ; do -, turn- into ; transfuse the sense of. find out &c. 4800- -the meaning &c. 516- of ; read ; spell -, make- out ; decipher, unravel, disentangle ; find the key of, enucleate, resolve, solve ; read between the lines. account for; find -, tell- the cause &c. 153- of; throw -, shed- -light, - new light, - a fresh light- upon ; clear up, elucidate. illustrate, exemplify; unfold, expound, comment upon, annotate; popularize &c. {render' intelligible) 518. take -, understand -, receive -, accept- in a particular sense ; un- derstand by, put a construction on, be given to understand. Adj. explanatory, expository : explica-tive, -torj- ; exegetical. polyglot ; literal ; para-, meta-phrastic ; cosignificative, synonymous ; equivalent &c. 27. Adv. in -explanation &c. n. ; that is to say, id est, videlicet, to wit, namely, in other words. literally, strictly speaking; in -plain, - plainer- -terms, - words, - English ; more simply. 524. Interpreter. — lO". interpreter; ex-positor, -pounder, -po- nent, -plainer ; demonstrator. scholiast, commentator, annotator ; meta-, para-phrast. spokesman, speaker, mouthpiece. 155 524—526. INTELLECT. IV. (IL) II. dragoman, valet de ])lace, cicerone, showman ; oneirocritic ; Oedipus ; oracle &c. 513. Section II. Modes of Communication. 525. manifestation.— XT. mani- festation ; plainness &c. adj. ; plain speaking ; expression ; showing &c. v. ; exposition, demonstration ; exhibition, production ; display, showing off; pre- monstration. [Thing shewn] exhibit. indication &c. {calling attention to) 457; publicity &c. 531 ; disclosure &c. 529 ; openness &c. {honesty) 543, {art- lessness) 703 ; epanchement. V. make -, render- -manifest &c. adj. ; bring -forth, - forward, - to the front, - into yiew; give notice; express; re- present, set forth, exhibit ; show, - up ; expose ; produce ; hold up -, expose- to view; set -, place -, lay- before -one, - one's eyes, tell to one's face ; trot out, put through one's paces, bring to light, display, demonstrate, unroll ; lay open ; draw -, bring- out ; bring out in strong relief; call -, bring- into notice; hold up the mirror ; wear one's heart upon his sleeve ; show one's -face, - colours ; manifest oneself ; speak out ; make no -mystery, - secret- of; unfurl the flag; proclaim &c. {publish) 531. indicate &c. {direct attention to) 457 ; disclose &c. 529 ; elicit i!v:c. 480a. be -manifest Szc. adj. ; appear &c. {be visible) 446 ; transpire &c. {be disclosed) 529; speak for itself, stand to reason; stare one in the face, rear its head ; give -token, - sign, - indication of; tell its own tale Sec. {intelligible) 518. Adj. manifest, apparent; salient, striking, demonstrative, prominent, in the foreground, notable, pronounced. flagrant ; notorious &c. {public) 531 ; arrant; stark staring; unshaded, gla- ring. defin-ed, -ite ; distinct, conspicuous &c. {visible) 446; obvious, evident, un- mistakable, not to be mistaken, plain, clear, palpable, self-evident, autoptical;* intelligible &c. 518; clear as -day, - daylight, - noonday ; plain as -a pike- staff, - the sun at noonday, - the nose on one's face, - way to parish church. ostensible ; open, - as day ; overt, patent, express, explicit ; naked, bare, literal, downright, undisguised, exoteric. 156 526. Xiatency. — w. latency, in- expression ; hidden -, occult- meaning ; occultness, mystery, cabala, anagoge ; silence &c. {taciturnity) 585 ; conceal- ment i&c. 528 ; more than meets the -eye, - ear ; Delphic oracle ; le dcssous des cartes, undercurrent. allusion, insinuation, implication ; in- nuendo &c. 527; adumbration; 'some- thing rotten in the state of Denmark.' snake in the grass &c. {pitfall) 667 ; secret &c. 533. darkness, invisibility, imperceptibilit3^ V. be -latent &c. adj. ; lurk, smoulder, underlie, make no sign ; escape -obser- vation, - detection, - recognition; lie hid &c. 528. laugh in one's sleeve ; keep back &:c. {conceal) 528. involve, imply, understand, allude to, infer, leave an inference ; whisper &c. {conceal) 528. Adj. latent; lurking &c. v.', secret &c. 528; occult; implied &c. v.-, dor- mant. un-apparent, -known, -seen Szc. 441 ; in the background ; invisible &c. 447 ; indiscoverable, dark ; impenetrable &c. {unintelligible) 519; un-spied, -suspected. un-said, -written, -published, -breathed, -talked of, -told &c. 527, -sung, -exposed, -proclaimed, -disclosed kc. 529, -ex- pressed ; not expressed, tacit. un - developed, -solved, -explained, -traced, -discovered &c. 480^, -tracked, -explored, -invented. indirect, crooked, inferential ; by -in- ference, -implication ; implicit; construc- tive ; allusive, covert, muffled ; stegano- graphic ; under-stood, -hand, -ground ; concealed kc. 528 ; delitescent. Adv. by a side wind ; sub silentio ; in the background ; behind -the scenes, - one's back ; on the tip of one's tongue j secretly kc. 528 ; between the lines. Phr. * thereby hangs a tale.' IV. (11.) n. COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS. 525—528. unreserved ; frank, plain spoken &c. (artless) 703 ; barefaced. manifested &c. v.; disclosed &c. 529; capable of being shown, producible ; in-, un-concealable. Adv. manifestly, openly &c. adj. ; before one's eyes, under one's nose, to one's face, face to face, above board, cartes sur table, on the stage, in open court, in the open streets ; in market overt •, in the face of -day, - heaven ; in -broad -, open- daylight ; without reserve ; at first h\\i»h, prima facie, on the face of; in set terms. Phr. cela saute aux yeux ; he that runs may read ; you can see it with half an eye ; it needs no ghost to tell us ; the meaning lies on the surface 5 cda va sans dire ; 7-es ipsa loquitur. 527. Information.— x. infor- mation, enlightenment, acquaintance, knowledge &c. 490; publicity &c. 531. communication, intimation ; not-ice, -ification ; e-, an-nunciation ; announce- ment ; representation, round robin, pre- sentment. case, estimate, specification, report, advice, monition; news &c. 532; return &c. {record) 551 ; account &c. {descrip- tion) 594; statement kc. {affirmation) 535- ... mention; acquaintmg &c. r.; instruc- tion &c. {teaching) 537; outpouring; in- tercommunication, communicativeness. informant, authority, teller, intelli- gencer, reporter, exponent, mouthpiece ; informer, eavesdropper, delator, detec- tive ; mouchard, spy, newsmonger ; mes- senger &c. 534; amicus curies. valet de place, cicerone, pilot, guide ; guide-, hand-book ; vade mecum ; ma- nual ; map, plan, chart, gazetteer ; iti- nerary &c. {joui-ney) 266. hint, suggestion, innuendo, inkling, whisper, passing word, word in the ear, subaudition, cue, by-play; gesture &c. {indication) 550; gentle -, broad- hint; verhum sapienti ; word to the wise ; in- sinuation &c. (latency) 526. V. tell; inform, - of; acquaint, - with ; impart, - to ; make acquainted with, apprize, advise, enlighten, awaken. let fall, mention, express, intimate, represent, communicate, make known ; publish &c. 531; notify, signify, specify, convey the knowledge of. let one -, have one to- know; give one to understand ; give notice ; set -, lay -, put- before ; point out, put into one's head ; put one in possession of ; instruct &c. (teach) 537; direct the attention to &c. 457. an-nounce, -nunciate ; report, - pro- 528. Concealment. — w. con- cealment ; hiding &c. v. ; occultation, mystification. seal of secrecy; screen Sec. 530; dis- guise &:c. 530; masquerade; masked battery; hiding place &c. 530; crypt-, stegan-ography ; freemasonry. stealth, -iness ; obreption ; slyness &c. (cunning) 702. latit-ancy, -ation ; seclusion &c. 893 ; privacy, secrecy, secretness ; incognita. reticence ; reserve ; mental -, reser- vation ; arriere jJ&nsee, suppression, eva- sion, white lie, misprision ; silence &c, (taciturnity) 585 ; suppression of truth &c. 544; underhand dealing ; close-, se- cretive-ness &c. adj.; mystery. latency &c. 526; snake in the grass*, secret Sec. 533. stow away. V. conceal, hide, secrete, put out of sight; lock -, seal -, bottle- up. cover, screen, cloak, veil, shroud; screen from -sight, - observation ; draw the veil ; draw -, close- the curtain ; curtain, shade, eclipse, throw a veil over ; be-cloud, -mask ; mask, disguise j ensconce, muffle, smother ; whisper. keep -from, - back, - to oneself ; keep -snug, - close, - secret, - dark ; bury ; sink, suppress ; keep -from, - out of- -view, - sight ; keep in -, throw into- the -shade, - background ; stifle, hush up, smother, withhold, reserve ; fence with a question ; ignore &c. 460. keep -a secret, - one's own counsel ; hold one's tongue Sec. (silen/^e) 585; make no sign, not let it go further; not breathe a -word, - syllable- about ; not let the right hand know what the left is * doing ; hide one's light under a bushel, bury one's talent in a napkin. keep -, leave- in -the dark, - igno- rance ; blind, -the eyes ; blindfold, hood- wink, mystifv; puzzle Sec. (render un- IS7 527—530. INTELLECT. gress ; Bring -, send -, leave -, write- word ; tele-graph, -phone ; wire ; retail, render an account ; give an account &c. (describe) 594; state &c. (affirm) 535. disclose ^c. 529; show cause; ex- plain &c. (interprd) 522. hint ; give an inkling of •, give -, drop -, throw out- a hint ; insinuate ; allude •-, make allusion- to; glance at; tip the wink &c. (indicate) 550 ; suggest, prompt; give the cue, breathe ; whisper, - in the ear. give a bit of one's mind ; tell one -plainly, - once for all ; speak volumes. un-deceive, -beguile ; set right, cor- rect, open the eyes of, disabuse. be -informed of &c ; know &c. 490 ; learn &c. 539 ; get scent of, gather from; awaken -, open one's eyes- to ; become -alive, - awake- to ; hear, overhear, un- derstand. come to one's -ears, - knowledge ; reach one's ears. Adj. informed &c. v.; communique-, reported &c. y.; published &c. 531. expressive &c. 516; explicit &c. (open) 525, (clear) 518; plain-spoken &c. (aH- ' ^ 703 IV. (II.) II. bamboozle &c. (deceive) certain) 475 ; 545- be -concealed &c. v. ; suffer an eclipse ; retire from sight, couch; hide oneself ; lie -hid, - in ambush, - perdu, - close ; seclude oneself &c. 893; lurk, sneak, skulk, slink, prowl ; steal -into, - out of, - by, - along ; play at -bopeep, - hide and seek ; hide in holes and corners. Adj. concealed &c. v.; hidden; se- cret, recondite, mystic, cabalistic, occult, dark ; cryptic, -al ; private, privy, in petto, auricular, clandestine, close, invio- late. behind a -screen &c. 530; under -co- ver, - an eclipse ; in -ambush, - hiding, - disguise ; in a -cloud, - fog, - mist, - haze, - dark corner ; in the -shade, - dark ; clouded, wrapt in clouds ; invi- sible &c. 447 ; buried, underground, ^jer- du ; secluded &c. 893. un-disclosed &c. 529, -told &c. 527; covert &c. (latent) 526; mysterious &c. (unintdligihle) 5 1 9. irrevealable, inviolable; confidential; esoteric ; not to be spoken of. obreptitious, furtive, stealthy, feline ; skulking &c. v.; surreptitious, under- hand, hole and corner ; sly &c. (cunning) 702; secretive, evasive; reserved, reti- cent, uncommunicative, buttoned up; close, - as wax ; taciturn &c. 585. Adv. secretly &c. adj. ; in -secret, - private, - one's sleeve, - holes and cor- ners ; in the dark &c. adj. januis clausis, with closed doors, d huis clos ; hugger-mugger, a la derohee ; under the -cloak of, - rose, - table ; sub rosd, en iapinois, in the background, aside, on the sly, with bated breath, sotto voce, in a whisper, without beat of drum, a la sourdine. in -, in strict- confidence ; confidentially &c. adj. ; between -our- selves, - you and me ; entre nous, inter nos, under the seal of secrecy, underhand, by stealth, like a thief in theniglit; stealthily &c. adj.; behind -the scenes, - the curtain, - one's back, - a screen &c. 530 ; incognito ; in camera. Phr. it -must, - will- go no further ; ^ tell it not in Gath,' nobody the wiser. declara-, nuncupa-, exposi-tory; enun- ciative, communicat-ive, -ory. Adv. from information received. Phr. a little bird told me. 529. Disclosure.— w. disclosure; retection ; unveiling &c. v. ; deterration, revealment, revelation; expos-ition,-ure ; expose ; whole truth ; tell-tale &c. (news) 532. acknowledgment, avowal ; confession, •al ; shrift. bursting of a bubble ; denouement. 158 530. Ambush. [Means of con- cealment.] — w. hiding -plq,ce ; secret -place, - drawer ; recess, hole, holes and corners ; closet, crypt, adytum, abditory, oubliette. am-bush, -buscade; stalking horse; lurking-hole, -place; secret path, back- stairs ; retreat &c. (refuge) 666. IV. (II.) II. COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS. 529—531. screen, cover, shade, blinker; veil, curtain, blind, cloak, cloud. mask, vizor, visor, disguise, masque- rade dress, domino. pitfall &c. {source of danger) 667; trap &c. (snare) 545. V. lie in ambush &c. {hide oneself) 528; lie in wait for; set a trap for &c. {deceive) 545. Adv. aua; aguets. V. dis-close, -cover, -mask ; draw -, draw aside -, lift -, raise -, lift up -, remove -, tear- the -veil, - curtain ; un- mask, -veil, -fold, -cover, -seal, -kennel ; take off -, break- the seal ; lay -open, - bare ; expose ; open, - up ; bare, bring to light. divulge, reveal, break; let into the secret ; reveal the secrets of the prison- house ; tell &c. {inform) 527; breathe, utter, blab, peach; let -out, - fall, - drop, - the cat out of the bag ; betray ; tell tales, - out of school; come out with ; give -vent, - utterance- to ; open the lips, blurt out, vent, whisper about; speak out &c. {make manifest) 525 ; make public &c. 531; unriddle &c. {find out) 480a; split. acknowledge, allow, concede, grant, admit, own, confess, avow, throw oflf all disguise, turn inside out, make a clean breast ; show one's -hand, - cards ; unburden -, disbiu'den- one's -mind, - conscience, - heart ; open -, lay bare -, tell a piece of- one's mind ; unbosom oneself, own to the soft impeachment ; say -, speak- the truth ; turn King's {or Queen's) evidence. raise -, drop -, lift -, remove -, throw oft- the mask ; expose ; lay open ; un-deceive, -beguile ; disabuse, set right, correct, open the eyes of ; desillusionner. be -disclosed &c. ; transpire, come to light ; come in sight &c. {be visible) 446 ; become known, escape the lips ; come -, ooze -, creep -, leak -, peep -, crop- out ; show its -face, - colours ; discover &c. it- self ; break through the clouds, flash on the mind. Adj. disclosed &c. v. Int. out with it ! Phr. the murder is out ; a light breaks in upon one ; the scales fall from one's eyes ; the eyes are opened. 531. Publication, — w. pubhcation ; public -announcement &c. 527 ; promulgation, propagation, proclamation ; circulation, indiction, edition ; hue and cry. publicity, notoriety, currency, flagrancy, cry, bruit ; vo.vjJopiUi; report, &c. {neu-8)S32. the Press, public press, newspaper, journal, gazette; telegraphy; pub- lisher &c. V. ; imprint. circular, - letter ; manifesto, advertisement, placard, bill, afficlie, broad- side, poster ; notice &c, 527. V. publish ; make -public, - known &c. {information) 527 ; speak -, talk- of ; broach, utter ; put forward; circulate, propagate, promulgate; spread, - abroad ; rumour, diffuse, disseminate, evulgate ; put -, give -, send- forth ; emit, edit, get out ; issue ; bring -, lay -, drag- before the public ; give -out, - to the world ; put -, bandy -, hawk -, buzz -, whisper -, bruit -, blaze- about ; drag into the open day. proclaim, herald, blazon ; blaze -, noise- abroad ; sound a trumpet ; trumpet -, thunder- forth ; give tongue ; announce with -beat of drum, - flourish of trumpets ; proclaim -from the housetops, - at Charing Cross, advertise, placard ; post, - up ; afficher, publish in the Gazette, send round the crier. raise a -cry, - hue and cry, - report ; set news afloat. be -published &c.j be -, become- -public &c. adj.) come out: go -, ' 159 531—536. INTELLECT. IV. (II.) n. fly -, buzz -, blow- about ; get -about, - abroad, - afloat, - wind ; find vent ; see the light ; go forth, take air, acquire currency, pass current ; go -the rounds, - the round of the newspapers, - through the length and breadth of the land ; virum volitare per ora ; pass from mouth to mouth ; spread \ run -, spread- like wildfire. Adj. published &c. v.; current &c. {neivs) 532 ; in circulation, public ; notorious; flagrant, arrant ; open &c. 525 ; trumpet-tongued ; encyclical, promulgatory ; exoteric. Adv. publicly &c. adj. ; in open court, with open doors. Int. Oyez ! O yes ! notice ! Plir. notice is hereby given ; this is -, these are- to give notice. 532. XTews. — N". news; informa- tion &c. 527 ; piece -, budget- of -news, - information ; intelligence, tidings. word, advice, aviso, message; dis-, des-patch ; telegram, communication, er- rand, embassy; bulletin. report, rumour, hearsay, 071 dit, flying rumour, news stirring, cry, buzz, bruit, fame ; talk, oul-dire, scandal, eaves- dropping ; town -, table- talk ; tittle- canard, topic of the day, idea 533. Secret. — N". secret; dead-, profound- secret; arcanum, mystery; latency &c. 526 ; Asian mystery; sealed book, secrets of the prison-house ; le dessous des cartes. enigma, riddle, puzzle, nut to crack, conundrum, charade, rebus, logogriph ; mono-, ana-gram ; Sphinx ; cj'ua: critico- rum. maze, labyrinth, Hyrcynian wood. problem &c. {question) 461 ; paradox &c. {difficulty) 704 ; unintelligibility tfec. 519; terra incognita »&c. {ignorance) 491. Adj. secret &c. {concealed) 528. tattle afloat. fresh -, stirring -, old -, stale- news ; glad tidings ; old -, stale- &tovj. narrator &c. {describe) 594; news-, scandal-monger ; tale-bearer, tell-tale, gossip, tattler. V. transpire &c. (be disclosed) 529 ; nimour &c. {publish) 531. Adj . many-tongued ; rumoured ; publicly -, currently- -rumoured, - reported ; rife, current, floating, afloat, going about, in circulation, in everyone's mouth, all over the town. Adv. as the story -goes, - runs ; as they say, it is said. 534. BXesseng'er. — w. messenger, envoy, emissary, legate; nuncio, internuncio; ambassador &c. {diplomatist) 758, marshal, flag-bearer, herald, crier, trumpeter, bellman, pursuivant, j^a?*- lementaire, apparitor. courier, runner, dawk, estqfette ; Mercury, Iris, Ariel. commissionaire, errand-boy. mail; post, -office; letter-bag; tele-graph, -phone; cable, wire; carrier- pigeon. reporter ; gentleman -, representative- of the press ; penny-a-liner ; special -, own- correspondent ; spy, scout ; informer &c. 527. 535. Affirmation.— XT. affirm- I 536. Neg-ation.— M*. ne-, abne- ance, -ation ; statement, allegation, as- ' gation ; denial ; dis-avowal, -claimer ; sertion, predication, declaration, word, { abjuration; contra-diction, -vention ; re- averment. I cusation, protest ; recusancy &c. {dissent) asseveration, adjuration, swearing, oath, 489; flat -, emphatic- -contradiction, - affidavit; deposition &c. {record) 551 ; ! denial, avouchment, assurance ; protest, -ation ; | qualification &c. 469 ; repudiation &c. profession; acknowledgment &c. {assent) vote, voice, remark, observation ; t6o position &c. 610; retractation &;c. 607; confutation Sec. 479 ; refusal &c. 764 ; prohibition &c. 761. V. deny ; contra-diet, -vene ; contro- IV. (II.) II. COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS. 535—538. saying, dictum, scn- (proposition) 514 ; tence, ipse dixit. emphasis ; dogmatism &c. (certainty) 474 ; dogmatist kc. 887. V. assert ; make -an assertion &c. 77. ; liave one's say ; say, affirm, predicate, declare, state ; protest, profess. put -forth, - I'orward ; advance, allege, propose, propound, enunciate, broach, set forth, hold out, maintain, contend, pronounce, pretend. depose, depone, aver, avov^r, avouch, asseverate, swear ; make -, take one's- oath ; make -, swear -, put in- an affi- davit ; take one's Bible oath, kiss the book, vow, vitam impemlere vero ; swear till -one is black in the face, - all's blue ; be sworn, call Heaven to witness; vouch, warrant, certify, assure, swear by bell book and candle. swear by etc. (helieve) 484 ; insist -, take one's stand- upon ; emphasize, lay stress on ; assert -roundly, - positively ; lay down, - the law ; raise one's voice, dogmatize, have the last word ; rap out ; repeat ; re-assert, -affirm. announce &c, (infonnation) 527; ac- knowledge Sec. (assent) 488 ; attest &:c. (evidence) 467; adjure &c. (jmt to one^s oath) 768. Adj. asserting &c. v.] declaratory, predicatoiy, pronunciative, af- firmative, sai-disant; positive ; certain &c. 474; express, explicit, &c. (patent) 525 ; absolute, emphatic, flat, broad, round, pointed, marked, distinct, decided, confident, trenchant, dogmatic, definitive, formal, solemn, categorical, peremptory ; unretracted ; predicable. Adv. affiiTQatively &c. adj. ; in the affirmative. with emphasis, e.v cathedra, without fear of contradiction. I must say, indeed, i' faith, let me tell you, why, give me leave to say, marry, you may be sure, I'd have you to know ; upon my -word, - honour ; by my troth, egad, I assure you ; by -jingo, - Jove, - George, -&c. ; troth, seriously, sadly; in -, in sober- -sadness, - truth, - earnest; of a truth, truly, perdy; in all conscience, upon oath; be assured &c. (belief) 484 ; yes &c. (asse^it) 488 ; I'll -warrant, - warrant you, - engage, - answer for it, - be bound, - venture to say, - take my oath ; forsooth, joking apart ; so help me God ; not ^0 mince the matter. Phr. quoth he ; f/m. vert, give denial to, gainsay, negative, shake the head. dis-own, -affirm, -claim, -avow ; recant &c. 607; revoke &c. (abrogate) j ^6. dispute, impugn, traverse, rebut, join issue upon ; bring -, call- in question «fcc. (^0^6^^)485. deny -flatly, - peremptorily, - em- phatically, - absolutely, - wholly, - en- tirely ; give the lie to, belie. repudiate &c. 610; set aside, ignore &C.460; rebut &c. (confute) ^Jf^] qualify &c. 469 ; refuse &c. 764. Adj. denying &c. v.; denied &:c. v.; contradictory ; negat-ive, -ory ; recusant &c. (dissenting) 489 ; at issue upon. Adv. no, nay, not, nowise; not a -bit, -whit, - jot ; not -at all, - in the least, - so ; no such thing; nothing of the -kind, - sort ; quite the contrary, tout au con' traire, far from it ; tant s'en faut ; on no account, in no respect ; by -no, - no man- ner of- means ; negatively. Plir. there never was a greater mis- take ; I know better ; non hcec in fcedera. 537. Teaching'. — x. teaching &c. V. ; instruction ; edification ; education ; tuition; tutor-, tutel-age ; direction, guidance. qualification, preparation ; train-, school-ing, &c. v. ; discipline ; exer-cise, -citation ; drill, practice. persuasion, proselytism, propagandism, 161 538. XHisteachingr. — IT. mis- teaching, -information, -intelligence, -guidance, -direction, -persuasion, -in- struction, -leading &c. v. ; perversion, false teaching ; sophistry &c. 477 ; col- lege of Laputa , the blind leading the blind. V. mis-inform, -teach, -direct, -guide, M 337—5*1. INTELLECT. IV. (11.) II. p'opaganda ; in-doctrination, -culcation, -oculation. explanation &c. {intei'p'etation) 522; lesson, lecture, sermon ; apologue, par- able ; discourse, prelection, preachment. exercise, task ; curriculum ; course, - of study ; grammar, three R's, initiation, A. B. 0. &c. {beginning) 66. elementary -, primary -, secondary -, technical -, liberal -, classical -, religious -, denominational -, moral -, secular- education ; propaedeutics, moral tuition. physical education, gymnastics, calis- thenics. V. teach, instruct, edify, school, tu- tor ; cram, prime, coach : enlighten &c. (inform) 527. in-culcate, -doctrinate, -oculate, -fuse, -stil, -fix, -graft, -filtrate ; im-bue, -preg- nate, -plant; graft, sow the seeds of, disseminate. give an idea of; put -up to, - in the way of ; set right. sharpen the wits, enlarge the mind; give new ideas, open the eyes, bring for- ward, ' teach the young idea how to shoot'; improve &c. 658. expound &c. {interpret) 522; lecture; read -, give- a -lesson, - lecture, - ser- mon, - discourse ; hold forth, preach ; sermon-, moral-ize ; point a moral. train, discipline ; bring up, - to ; edu- cate, form, ground, prepare, qualify, drill, exercise, practice, habituate, fami- liarize with, nurture, dry-nurse, breed, rear, take in hand ; break, - in ; tame ; pre-instruct ; initiate ; inure &c. {habi- tuate) 613. put to nurse, send to school. direct, guide ; direct attention to &c. {attention) 457 ; impress upon the -mind, - memory ; beat into, - the head ; con- vince (fcc. {belief) 484. Atlj. teaching kc. v.; taught &c. v.; educational ; scholastic, academic, doc- trinal ; discipli.ial; instructive, didactic. Plir. the schoolmaster abroad. -instruct, -correct; pervert; put on a false -, throw off the- scent; deceive (fee. 545 ; mislead &c. {erro?-) 495 ; mis- represent ; lie &c. 544 ; ambiguas in vul- gum sparge?'e voces, preach to the wise, teach one's grandmother to suck eggs. render unintelligible &c. 519; bewil- der &c. (uncertainty) 475 ; mystify &c, {conceal) 528 ; unteach. Adj. misteaching &c. v. ; unedifying. Phr. piscem natare doces. 539. Zieaming*. — ir. learning; acquisition of -knowledge &c. 490; - skill &c. 698 ; acquirement, attainment ; edification, scholarship, erudition ; self- instruction ; study, reading, perusal ; in- quiry &c. 461. ap-, prenticeship ; pupil-age, -arity ; tutelage, novitiate, matriculation. docility &c. {tvillingness) 602 ; aptitude &c. 698. v. learn ; acquire -, gain -, receive -, take in -, drink in -, imbibe -, pick up -, gather -, get -, obtain -, collect -, glean- -knowledge, - information, - learning. acquaint oneself with, master ; make oneself -master of, - acquainted with ; grind, cram ; get -, coach- up ; learn by -heart, - rote. read, spell, peruse : con -, pore -, thumb- over ; wade through : dip into ; run the eye -over, - through ; turn over the leaves. study ; be -studious &c. adj. ; consume the midnight oil, mind one's book. go to -school, - college, - the univer- sity ; serve -an {or one's) apprenticeship, - one's time ; learn one's trade ; be -in- formed &c. 527 ; be -taught &c, 537. Adj. studious; schol-astic, -arly; teachable ; docile &c. {ivilling) 602 ; apt &c. 698, industrious &c. 682. Adv. at one's books; in statu pupillari &c. {learner) 541. 540. Teacher.-W. teacher, train- er, instructor, institutor, master, tutor, director, Oorypheus, dry nurse, coach, grinder ; governor, bear-leader ; gover- ness, duenna ; disciplinarian. professor, lecturer, reader, prelector, prolocutor, preacher ; pastor &c. {clergy) 162 541. Zieamer. — wr. learner, scho- lar, student, alumnus, eleve, pupil ; ap-, prentice ; articled clerk ; schoolboy, be- ginner, tyro, abecedarian, alphabeta- rian. recruit, novice, neophyte, inceptor, debutant, catechumen, probationer ; un- COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS. 540— 5€4. IV. (II.) II. 996; schoolmaster, dominie, usher, pe- dergraduate; freshman; junior -, senior- dagogue, abecedarian; schoohuistress, i'soph ; sophister, qiiestionist. dame, monitor, pupil-teacher. j class, form, remove ; pupilage »S:c. expositor &c. 524; preceptor, guide; i {learning) 539. mentor &c. {adviser) 695 ; pioneer, apos- ; disciple, follower, apostle, proselyte ; tie, missionary, propagandist, moonshee ; [ fellow student, condisciple, example &c. \modelfor imitation) 22. Adj. in statu pupillai'i, in leading professorship &c. (school) 542. tutelage &c. {teaching) 537. Adj. professorial. stnnsfs. 542. School. — W. school, academy, university, alma mater, col- lege, seminary, Lyceum ; uistit-ute, -ution ; palcestra, gymnasium, class. day -, boarding -, preparatory -, primary -, infant -, dame's -, gram- mar -, middle class -, Board -, denominational -, National -, British and Foreign -, collegiate- school ; Kindergarten, nursery, creche, refor- matory. pulpit, desk, reading desk, ambo, lecture-room, theatre, amphitheatre, forum, stage, rostrum, platform, hustings, tribune. school -, horn -, text- book ; grammar, primer, abecedary, rudiments, manual, vade mecum, Lindley Murray, Cocker. professor-, lecture-, reader-ship ; chair. School Board, Council of Education ; propaganda. Adj. scholastic, academic, collegiate ; educational. Adv. ex cathedra. 543. Veracity. — w. veracity ; truthfulness, frankness, &c. adj. ; truth, sincerity, candour, honesty, fidelity ; plain dealing, bona fides ; love of truth ; probity &c. 939; ingenuousness &c. {artlessness) 703. the truth the whole truth and no- thing but the truth ; honest -, sober- truth &c. {fact) 494 ; unvarnished tale ; light of truth. V. speak -, tell- the truth ; speak by the card ; paint in its -, show oneself in one's- true colours ; make a clean breast &c. {disclose) 529; speak one's mind&c. {he blunt) 703 ; not -lie &c. 544, - de- ceive Szc. 545. Alj. truthful, true: ver-acious, -edi- cal ; scrupulous &c {honour ahlf) 939 : sincere, candid, frank, open, straight- forward, unreserved ; open-, true-, simple- hearted ; honest, trustworthy ; undissembling &c. (dissemble &c. 544) ; guileless, pure; unperjured, true blue, as good as ones word ; unaftected, un- feigned, bond Jide : outspoken, ingenu- ous, S:c. {artless) 703 ; undisguised &c. {real) 494. Adv. truly &c. {really) 494 ; in plain words i&c, 703 ; in -, with -, of a -, in good- truth ; as the -dial to the sun, 163 I 544. Falsehood.— IT. false-hood, i -ness ; fals-ity, -ification ; deception &c. I 545 ; untruth &c. 546 ; guile ; lying &c. V. ; misrepresentation ; mendacity, j perjmy, false swearing; forgery, in- j vention, fabrication ; subreption ; covin. perversion -, suppression- of truth ; suppressio veri; perversion, distortion, false colouring ; exaggeration Sec. 549 ; ' prevarication, equivocation, shuflSing, fencing, evasion, fraud; suggestio falsi &c. (lie) 546 ; mystification &c. (conceal- ment) 528; simulation kc. (imitation) 19; dis-simulation, -sembling ; deceit, sham ; pretence, pretending, malinger- ' ing. lip -homage, - service ; mouth honour; hoUowness ; mere -show, - outside ; du- i plicity, double dealing, insincerity, hy- pocrisy, cant, humbug; jesuit-ism, -ry ; Pharisaism ; Machiavelism, * organized hypocrisy'; crocodile tears, mealy- mouthedness, quackery; charlatan-ism, -ry; gammon; bun-kum, -come; flam, bam, flim-flam, cajolery, flattery ; Judas kiss ; perfidy &c. (bad faith) 940 ; il I volto sciolto ipensietn stretti. : unfairness &c. (dishonesty) 940 ; art- fulness &c. (cunning) 702 ; misstatement i &c. {er?'or) 495. M 2 543— 5«5. INTELLECT. IV. (II.) II. - needle to the pole ; honour bright ; troth ; in good -sooth, - earnest ; un- feignedly, with no nonsense, in sooth, sooth to say, bond Jlde, in foro con- scientice ; without equivocation ; cartes sur table, from the bottom of one's heart 5 by my troth &c. {affirmation) 535. V. be -false &c. adj.y - a liar &c. 548 ; speak -falsely &c. adv. ; tell -a lie &c. 546 ; lie, hb ; lie like a trooper ; swear false, forswear, perjure oneself, bear false witness. mis-state, -quote, -cite, -report, -repre- sent ; belie, falsify, pervert, distort ; put a false construction upon &c. {misinter- pret) 523. prevaricate, equivocate, quibble ; pal- ter, - to the understanding ; repondre en Normand ; trim, shuffle, fence, mince the truth, beat about the bush, blow hot and cold, play fast and loose. garble, gloss over, disguise, give a colour to ; give -, put- a -gloss, - false colouring- upon ; colour, varnish, cook, dress up, embroider ; varnish right and puzzle wrong ; exaggerate &c. 549. invent, fabricate ; trump -, get- up ; forge, hatch, concoct ; romance &c. {imagine) 515; cry ' wolf ! ' dis-semble, -simulate ; feign, assume, put on, pretend, make believe ; play -false, - a double game ; coquet ; act -, play- a part ; affect &c. 855; simulate, pass off for ; counterfeit, sham, make a show of; malinger ; say the grapes are sour, cant, play the hypocrite, sham Abraham, /a^>e j3rti!^es de velours, put on the mask, clean the outside o^' the platter, lie like a conjuror; hang out -, hold out -, sail under- false colours ; * commend the poisoned chalice to the lips ' ; ambiguas in vulgum spargere voces ; deceive &c. 545. Adj. false, deceitful, mendacious, unveracious, fraudulent, dis- honest ; faith-, truth-, troth-less ; un-fair, -candid ; evasive ; un-, dis- ingenuous ; hollow, insincere, Parthis mendacior ; forsworn. canting ; hypocrit-, Jesuit-, pharisa-ical ; tartuffish ; Machiavelian ; double, -tongued, -faced, -handed, -minded, -hearted, -dealing ; Janus- faced ; smooth-faced, -spoken, -tongued ; plausible ; mealy-mouthed ; affected &c. 855. collus-ive, -ory ; artful &c. {cunning) 702; perlidious &c. 940; spurious &c. {deceptive) 545 ; untrue &c. 546 ; falsified &c. v. ; covinous. Adv. falsely &c. adj. ; a la Tartufe, with a double tongue ; slily &C. {cunning) 702. 545. Deception. — W. deception; falseness ko.. 544; untruth &c. 546 ; impos-ition, -ture ; fraud, deceit, guile ; fraudulen-ce, -cy ; covin ; knavery &c. (cunning) 702 ; misrepresentation &c. (falsehood) 544. delusion, guUery ; juggl-ing, -ery ; sleight of hand, legerdemain ; presti-giation, -digitation; magic kc. 992; conjur-ing, -ation; hocus pocus, escamo^er?£?,jockeyship ; trickery, coggery, chicanery; supercherie, cozenage, circumvention, ingannation, collusion ; treachery &c. 940 ; practical joke. trick, cheat, wile, blind, feint, plant, bubble, fetch, catch, chicane, juggle, reach, hocus, bite ; thimble-rig, card-sharping, artful dodge, swindle ; tricks upon travellers ; stratagem &c. (aHiJice) 702 ; theft &c. snare, trap, pitfall, decoy, gin ; sprin-ge, -gle ; noose, hook ; bait, decoy-duck, tub to the whale, baited trap, guet-a-p&ns ; cobweb, net, meshes, toils, mouse-trap, bird-lime ; ambush &c. 530; trap-door, sliding panel, false bottom ; spring-net, -gun ; mask, -ed battery ; mine. Cornish hug ; wolf in sheep's clothing &c. {deceive?-) 548 ; disguise, 164 JV. (II.)ii. COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS. 545—546. -ment ; false colours, masquerade, mummery, borrowed plumes ; pattes de velours. mockery &c. {imitation) 19; copy &c. 21 ; counterfeit, sham, make- believe, forgery, fraud ; lie &c. 546 ; ' a mockery a delusion and a snare,' Jiollow mockery. whited -, painted- sepulchre ; tinsel, paste, false jewellery, scagliola, ormolu, German silver, Britannia metal, paint ; jerry building ; man of straw. illusion &c. {error) 495 ; ignis fatuus &c. 423 ; mirage &c. 443. V. deceive, take in ; defraud, cheat, jockey, do, cozen, diddle, nab, chouse, play one false, bilk, cully, jilt, bite, pluck, swindle, victimize ; abuse ; mystify ; blind -one's eyes ; blindfold, hoodwink ; throw dust into the eyes, * keep the word of promise to the ear and break it to the hope.' impose -, practise -, play -, put -, palm -, foist- upon ; snatch a verdict. circumvent, overreach ; out-reach, -wit, -manoeuvre ; steal a march upon, give the go-by to, leave in the lurch. set -, lay- a -trap, - snare- for ; bait the hook, forelay, spread the toils, lime ; decoy, waylay, lure, beguile, delude, inveigle ; tra-, tre-pan ; kidnap; let-, hook-in ; trick; en-, in-trap, -snare ; nick, springe ; nousle, uousel ; catch, - in a trap ; sniggle, entangle, illaqueate, hocus, esca- moter, practise on one's credulity, dupe, gull, hoax, fool, befool, bam- boozle ; hum, -bug ; gammon, stuff up, sell : play a -trick, - practical joke- upon one ; balk, trip up, throw a tub to a whale ; fool to the top of one's bent, send on a fool's errand ; make -game, - a fool, - an April fool, - an ass- of; trifle with, cajole, flatter; come over &c. {in- Jluence) 615 ; gild the pill, make things pleasant, divert, put a good face upon ; dissemble &c. 544. cog, - the dice ; live by one's wits, play at hide and seek ; obtain money under false pretences &c. {steal) 791 ; conjure, juggle, practise chicanery. play -, palm -, foist -, fob- oflf, lie &c. 544 ; misinform &c. 538 ; mislead &c. {error) 495 ; betray &c. 940; be -deceived &c. 547. Adj. deceived &c. v. ; deceivino; &c. v. ; cunning &c. 702 ; prestigi- ous, -atory ; decept-ive, -ious ; deceitful, covinous ; delus-ive, -ory ; illus-ive, -ory ; elusive, insidious, ad cajjf.andam vvlgus. untrue &c. 546 ; mock, sham, make-believe, counterfeit, pseudo, spurious, so-called, pretended, feigned, trumped up, bogus, scamped, fraudulent, tricky, factitious, artificial, bastard ; surreptitious, illegiti- mate, contraband, adulterated, sophisticated ; unsound, rotten at the core ; colourable ; disguised ; meretricious ; tinsel, pinchbeck, plated ; catch-penny ; Brummagem ; simulated &c. 544. Adv. under -false colours, - the garb of, - cover of; over the left. Phr. fronti nulla Jides. 546. Untruth. — N". untruth, falsehood, lie, story, thing that is not, fib, bounce, crammer, taradiddle, whopper. forgery, fabrication, invention ; mis-statement, -representation; perver- sion, falsification, gloss, suggestto falsi; exaggeration &c. 549. invention, fabrication, fiction ; fable, nursery tale ; romance &c. {itna- gination) 515; untrue -, false -, trumped up- -story, - statement ; thing devised by the enemy; canard-, shave, sell, hum, traveller's tale, Can- terbury tale, cock and bull story, clap-trap. myth, moonshine, bosh, all my eye and Betty Martin, mare's nest, farce. irony; half truth, white lie, pious fraud ; mental reservation &c. (con- cealment) 528. 165 546-550. INTELLECT. IV. (IL) ii.-ni. pretence, pretext; false -plea &c. 617; subterfuge, evasion, shift, shuffle, make-believe; sham &c. {deceptioii) 545. profession, empty words ; Judas kiss &c. {hy^wcrisy) 544; disguise &c. {mask) 530. V. have a false meaning. Adj. untrue, false, trumped up ; void of -, without- foundation ; far from the truth, false as dicer's oaths ; unfounded, hen trovato, invented, fabulous, fabricated, forged ; fict-, fact-, supposit-, surrept-itious ; e-, il- lusory ; ironical ; soi-disant &c. {mis7iamed) 565. Pbr. se non e vero e ben t?'ovato. 547. Dupe.— W. dupe, gull, gud- geon, gohemouche, cull, cully, victim, pi- geon, April fool ; laughing stock &c. 857 ; Cyclops, simple Simon, flat, greenhorn ; Ibol &c. 501 ; puppet, cat's paw. V. be -deceived kc. 545, - the dupe of; fall into a trap; swallow -, nibble at- the bait ; bite ; catch a Tartar. Adj. credulous &c. 486; mistaken &c. {err 07') 495. 548. Deceiver. — x. deceiver &c. (deceive &c. 545); dissembler, hypocrite; sophist, Pharisee, Jesuit, Mawworm, Pecksnift", Joseph Surface, Tartufe, Ja- nus ; serpent, snake in the grass, cocka- trice, Judas, wolf in sheep's clothing; jilt; shuffler. liar &c. (lie &c. 544) ; story-teller, per- jurer, false-witness, menteur a triple etage, Scapin. impostor, pretender, soi-disant, hum- bug ; adventurer ; Cagliostro, Fernam Mendez Pinto ; ass in lion's skin Szc. (bungler) 701 ; actor &c. (stage player) 599. quack, charlatan, mountebank, saltinbanco, saltimbanque, empiric, quacksalver, medicaster, Rosicrucian, gipsy. conjuror, juggler, trickster, prestidigitator, jockey; crimp, deco}^- duck ; rogue, knave, cheat ; swindler &c. (thief) 792 ; jobber. 549. Exagrgreration. — mt. exaggeration ; expansion &c. 194; hy- perbole, stretch, strain, colouring; high colouring, caricature, caricatura\ extravagance &c. (nonsense) 4.(^7 ; Baron Munchausen ; men in buckram, yarn, fringe, embroidery, traveller's tale. storm in a teacup ; much ado about nothing .fee. (over-estimation) 482 ; puffery &c. (boasting) 884; rant &c. (turgescence) 577. figure of speech, /ttfOTi deparler ; stretch of -fancy, - the imagination ; flight of fancy &c. (imagination) 515. false colouring &c. (falsehood) 544; aggravation &c. 835. V. exaggerate, magnify, pile up, aggravate; amplify &c. (expand) 194; overestimate &c. 482; hyperbolize; over-charge, -state, -draw, -lay, -shoot the mark, -praise; make -much, - the most- of; strain, - a point ; stretch, - a point ; go great lengths ; spin a long yarn ; draw -, shoot with- a long-bow; deal in the marvellous. out-Herod Herod, run riot, talk at random. heighten, overcolour ; colour -highly, - too highly ; broder ; flourish ; colour &c. (misrepi-esent) 544 ; puff &c. (boast) 884. Adj. exaggerated &c. v. ; overwrought ; bombastic &c. (magniloquent) 577; hyperbolical, on stilts; fabulous, extravagant, preposterous, egre- gious, outre, high-flying. Adv. hyperbolically &c. adj. Section III. Means of commitnicating Ideas. 1°. Natural Means. 550. Indication. — W. indication; symbol-ism, -ization ; semeio- logy, -tics. 166 IV. ill.) III. OOMMUXIOATION OF IDEAS. 55d. lineament, feature, frait, characteristic, diagnostic ; divining-rod ; cloven hoof ; footMl ; means of recognition. sign, symbol ; ind-ex, -ice, -icator ; point, -er ; exponent, note, token, symptom. type, figure, emblem, cipher, device ; representation &c. 554; epigraph, motto, posy. gest-ure, -iculation ; pantomime ; wink, glance, leer ; nod, shrug, beck; touch, nudge; dactylo-logy, -nomy; freemasonry, telegraphy, chirology, by-play, dumb-show ; cue ; hint &c. 527 ; clue, clew, key, scent. signal, -post ; rocket, blue light ; watch-fire, -tower ; telegraph, sema- phore, flag-staft"; cresset, fiery cross ; calumet; heliograph. mark, line, stroke, dash, score, stripe, streak, scratch, tick, dot, point, notch, nick ; asterisk, red letter, Italics, sublineation, underlining, jotting ; print ; impr-int, -ess, -ession ; note, annotation. [For identification] badge, criterion ; counter-check, -mark, -sign, -foil; duplicate, tally ; label, ticket, billet, letter, counter, tessey-a, card, bill ; witness, voucher ; stam^ ; trade -, Hall- mark ; signature ; address -, visiting- card ; carte cle visite ; credentials &c. {evidence) 467 ; attestation ; hand, - writing, sign-manual ; cipher ; seal, sigil, si^et ; autograph, -y ; paraph, brand ; superscription ; in-, en-dorsement ; title, heading, docket; mot -de passe, - du i/uet ; passe-^iarole ; shibboleth ; watch-, catch-, pass- word ; open sesame. insignia ; banner, -et, -ol ; bandrol ; flag, colours, streamer, standard, eagle, labarum, oriflamb, orijlumme ; figure-head ; ensign ; pen-non, -nant, -dant ; burgee, blue Peter, jack, ancient, gonfalon, union-jack; tricolor, stars and stripes ; bunting. heraldry, crest ; coat of -, arms ; armorial beari-ngs, hatchment ; e-, scutcheon ; shield, supporters ; livery, uniform ; cockade, epaulette^ chevron ; garland, love-knot, favour. [Of locality] beacon, cairn, post, staff, flagstaff, hand, pointer, vane, cock, weathercock ; guide-, hand-, finger-, directing-, sign-post ; pillars of Hercules, pharos ; land-, sea-mark ; lighthouse, balize ; pole-, load-, lode-star ; cynosure, guide ; address, direction, name ; sign, -board. [Of the future] warning &c. 668 ; omen &c. 512; prefigurement &c. 511. [Of the past] trace record «&c. 551. [Of danger] warning &c. 668; alarm &c. 669. [Of authority] sceptre &c. 747. [Of trimuph] trophy &c. 733. [Of quantity] gauge &c. 466. [Of distance] mile-stone, -post. [Of disgrace] brand, fool's cap. [For detection] check, tell-tale ; test &c. {experiment) 463. notification &c. {informatioti) 527; advertisement &c. {puUication) 53c. word of command, call ; bugle-, trumpet-call ; bell, alarum, cry ; battle -, rallying- cry. exposition &c. {explanation) 522 ; proof &c. {evidence) 463 ; pattern &c. {prototype) 22. V. indicate; be the -sign &c. w.-of; denote, betoken; argue, testify &c. (evidence) 467; bear the -impress &c. n.- of; con-note, -notate. represent, stand for ; typify &c. {lyrejlgure) 511; symbolize. put -an indication, - a mark, - &c. n. ; note, mark, stamp, earmark ; label, ticket, docket; dot, spot, score, dash, trace, chalk; print; im-print, press ; engrave, stereotype. make a -sign &c. n. ; signalize ; give -, hang out- a signal ; beck, -on ; nod ; wink, glance, leer, nudge, shrug, tip the wink ; gesticulate ; raise -, hold up- the -finger, - hand ; saw the air, suit the action to the word, wave -, unfurl -, hoist -, hang out- a banner &c. n. ; wave -the hand, - a kerchief; give the cue &c. {inform) 527; show one's colours ; give-, sound- an alarm ; beat the drum, sound the trumpets, raise a cry. 167 550—553. INfELLECT. IV. (II.) HI. sign, seal, attest, &c. {evidence) 467 ; underline &c. {jffive importance to) 642 ; call attention to &c. (attention) 457 ; give notice &c. {inform) 527. Adj. indicat-ing &c. v., -ive,-ory ; de-, con-notative ; diacritical, repre- sentative, typical, symbolic, pantomimic, pathognomonic, symptomatic, characteristic, demonstrative, diagnostic, exponential, emblematic, armo- rial ; individual &c. {special) 79. known -, recognizable- by ; indicated &c. v. ; pointed, marked. [Capable of being denoted] denotable ; indelible. Adv. in token of ; symbolically &c. adj. ; in dumb show. Plir. ecce signum ; ex ungue leonem, ex pede Herculem. 551. Record. — W. trace, vestige, relic, remains ; scar, cicatrix ; foot-step, -mark, -print ; track, mark, wake, trail, scent, piste. monument, hatchment, slab, tablet, trophy, achievement ; obelisk, pillar, column, monolith ; memorial ; memento &c. {me}7wrg) 505 ; testimonial, medal ; commemoration &c. {celebration) 883. record, note, minute ; regis-ter, -try ; roll &c. (list) 86 ; cartulary, diptych, Domesday book; entry, memorandum, indorsement, inscription, copy, duplicate, docket; notch &c. {mark) 550; muni- ment, deed, &:c.{securitg) 77 1 ; document ; deposition, jyroces verbal ; affidavit ; cer- 552. [Suppression of sign.] Ob- literation. — M". obliteration ; erasure, rasure ; cancel, -lation ; circumduction ; deletion, blot ; tabula rasa. V. efface, obliterate, erase, rase, ex- punge, cancel ; blot -, take -, rub -, scratch -, strike -, wipe -, wash -, sponge- out^ wipe -, rub- off; wipe away ; deface, render illegible ; draw the pen through, apply the sponge. be -effaced &c. ; leave no -trace &c. 550; * leave not a rack behind.' Adj. obliterated &c. ?;. ; out of print j printless ; leaving no trace ; intestate ; un-recorded, -registered, -written. Int. dele ; out with it ! tificate &c. {evidence) 467. note-, memorandum-, pocket-, com- monplace-book ; portfolio ; pigeon-holes, excerpta, adversaria, jottings, dottings. gazette, -er ; newspaper, magazine ; alman-ac,-ack; calendar, ephe- meris, diary, log, journal, day-book, ledger. archive, scroll, state-paper, return, blue-book; statistics &c. 86; eompte rendu ; Acts -, Transactions -, Proceedings- of ; Hansard's Debates; chronicle, annals ; legend; history, biography, &c. 594. registration; en-, in-rolment ; tabulation; entry, booking ; signature &c. {identification) 550; recorder &c. 553 ; jom-nalism. V. record ; put -, place- upon record ; chronicle, calendar, hand down to posterity ; keep up the memory of &c. {remember) 505 ; com- memorate &c. {celebrate) 883; report &c. {inform) 527; commit to -, reduce to- writing ; put -, set down- in writing, - in black and white ; put -, jot -, take -, write -, note -, set- down ; note, minute, put on paper ; take -, make- a -note, - minute, - memorandum ; make a re- turn. mark &c. {indicate) 550; sign &c. {afJest) 467. enter, book ; post, - up ; insert, make an entry of ; mark -, tick- off; register, enroll, inscroU ; file &c. {store) 636. Adv. on record. 553. Recorder. — W. recorder, notary, clerk; regis-trar, -trary, -ter ; prothonotary ; amanuensis, secretary, scribe, remembrancer, book- keeper, custos rotvloi-um, Master of the Rolls. annalist ; histori-an, -ographer ; chronicler, journalist ; biographer &c. {narrator) 594; antiquary &c. {antiquity) 122 ; memorialist. 168 COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS. 55€— 556. 555. IMCisrepresentation.— XT. misrepresentation, distortion, caricatura, exaggeration ; daubing &c. v. ; bad like- ness, daub, sign-painting ; scratch, cari- cature ; anamorphosis. V. misrepresent, distort, exaggerate, caricature, daub. Adj. misrepresented &c. v. overdraw, IV. (II.) m. 554. Representation.— IT. re- i present-ation, -ment ; imitation &c. 19; illustration, delineation, depictment ; imagery, portraiture, iconography; de- sign, -ing; art, fine arts; painting &c. 556; sculpture &c. 557; engraving &c. 558; photography. person-ation, -iftcation ; impersonation ; drama &c. 599. picture, drawing, sketch, draught, draft ; tracing ; copy Sec. 2 1 ; photograph, daguerreotype. image, likeness, icon, portrait ; striking -, speaking- likeness ; very image ; effigy, fac-simile. figure, - head ; puppet, doll, Jigurine, aglet, manikin, lay-figure, model, mammet, marionnette, fantoccini, waxwork, bust ; statue, -tte. hieroglyphic, anaglyph ; dia-, mono-gram. map, plan, chart ; ground plan, projection, elevation ; ichno-, carto- graphy; atlas; outline, scheme ; view &c. (painting) 556. V. represent, delineate ; depict, -ure ; portray; take -, catch- a like- ness &c. n. ; hit ofi", photograph, daguerreotype; figure; shadow -forth, - out; adumbrate; body forth; describe &c. 594; trace, copy; mould. drees up ; illustrate, symbolize. paint &c. 556; carve &c. 557; engrave &c. 558. person-ate, -ify ; impersonate ; assume a character ; pose as ; act ; play &c. {drama) 599; mimic &c. {imitate) 19; hold the mirror up to nature. Adj. represent-ing &c. v., -ative ; illustrative ; represented kc. v. ; imitative, figurative. like &c. 17; graphic &c. {descriptive) 594. 556. Painting".— wr. painting; depicting; drawing &c, ?;.; de- sign; perspective, sciagraphy; chiaroscuro &c. {light) 420; composition; treatment. historical -, portrait -, miniature -, landscape -, marine -, flower -, scene- painting ; scenography. school, style ; the grand style, high art, genre, portraiture ; ornamen- tal art &c. 847. mono-, poly-chrome ; grisaille. pallet, palette ; easel ; brush, pencil, stump ; blacldead, charcoal, cray- ons, chalk, pastel ; paint &c. {colouring matter) 428 ; water-, body-, oil- colour; oils, oil-paint; varnish &c. 356a; gouache, tempera, distemper, fresco, water-glass ; enamel ; encaustic painting ; mosaic ; tapestry. photo-, helio-graphy ; sun-painting. picture, painting, piece, fahleau, canvas ; oil &c.- painting ; fresco, car- toon ; easel -, cabinet- picture ; drawing, draught, draft ; pencil &:c. -, watercolour- drawing ; sketch, outline ; study. photo-, helio-graph; daguerreo-, talbo-, calo-, helio-type. portrait &c. (representation) 554; whole -, full -, half- length; kit- cat, head ; miniature ; shade, silhouette ; profile. landscape, sea-piece; view, scene, prospect; pan-, di-orama ; still life. picture gallery ; studio, atelier. V. paint, design, limn, draw, sketch, pencil, scratch, shade, stipple, hatch, dash off, chalk out, square up; colour, dead-colour, wash, varnish ; draw in -pencil &c. w.; paint in -oils &c. »?.; stencil ; depict &c. {rejjre- sent) 554. 169 95C -560. INTELLECT. IV. (11.) in. Adj. painted &c. v. ; pictorial, graphic, picturesque, pencil, oil, &;c. n. iLdv. in -pencil «fec. n. Plir. fecit, delineavit. 557. Sculpture. — wr. sculpture, insculpture; carving &c. vr, statuary. high -, low -, has- relief; relievo ; basso-, cdto-, mezzo-rilievo ; inta- (/lio, anaglyph ; medal, -lion ; cameo. marble, bronze, te7'ra cotta; ceramic ware, pottery, porcelain, china, earthenware. statue &c. (image) 554; cast &c. (copy) 21 ; glyptotheca. V. sculpture, carve, cut, chisel, model, mould ; cast. Adj. sculptured &c. v.; in relief, anaglyptic, ceroplastic, ceramic; parian ; marble &c. n. 558. Engraving'. — X. engraving, chalcography; line -, mezzo- tint -, stipple -, chalk- engraving ; dry-point, bur ; etching, aquatinta ; plate -, copper-plate -, steel -, wood- engraving ; xylo-, ligno-, glypto-, cero-, litho-, chromolitho-, photolitho-, zinco-, glypho- -graphy, -graph. impression, print, engraving, plate ; steel-, copper-plate ; etching ; mezzo-, aqua-, litho-tint ; cut, woodcut ; stereo-, grapho-, auto-, helio- type ; photogravure. graver, burin, etching-point, style ; plate, stone, wood-block, negative ; die, punch, stamp. printing ; plate -, copper-plate -, anastatic -, lithographic- printing ; type-printing &c. 591. ilkistr-, illumin-ation ; vignette, initial letter, cv2 de lampe, tail-piece. V. engrave, grave, stipple, scrape, etch ; bite, - in ; lithograph &c. n. ; print. Adj. insculptured ; engraved &c. v. Phr. sculpsit, imprimit. 559. Artist. — W. artist ; painter, limner, drawer, sketcher, de- signer, engraver ; draughtsman ; copyist ; enamel-ler, -list. historical -, landscape -, marine -, flower -, portrait -, miniature -, scene -, sign -, coach- painter ; engraver ; Apelles ; sculptor, carver, chaser, vioAQ\i&c,Jlguriste, statuary ; Phidias, Praxiteles ; Royal Acade- mician. 2°. Conventional Means. I . Language generally. 560. Xtang'uag'e.— XT. language; phraseology &c. 569; speech &c. 582; tongue, lingo, vernacular; mother -, vuJgar -, native- tongue household words ; King's or Queen's English ; dialect &c. 563. confusion of tongues, Hdihoij pasigraphie ; pantomime &c. (signs) 550 onomatopoeia. phil-, gloss-, glott-ology; linguistics, chrestomathy ; paleo-logy -graphy; comparative grammar. literature, letters, polite literature, belles lettres, muses, humanities, lite7'ce humaniores, republic of letters, dead languages, classics ; genius of a language ; scholarship &c. (knowledge) 490. linguist &c. (scholar) 492. V. express by words ice. 566. Adj. hngu-al, -istic; dialectic; vernacular, current; polyglot; literaiy. 170 lY. (II.) III. COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS. 561—565. 561. Zietter. — W. letter; character; hieroglyphic &c. {icritin//) 590; type &c. {printing) 591 ; capitals; majiis-,minu8-cuUB', alphabet, ABO, abecedary, Christ-cross-row. consonant, vowel, diphthong ; mute, liquid, labial, dental, guttural. syllable ; mono-, dis-, poly-syllable ; affix, suffix. spelling, orthography; phon-ography, -etic spelling; ana-, meta- grammatism. cipher, monogram, anagram ; double -, acrostic. V. spell. Adj. literal; alphabetical, abecedarian ; syllabic; uncial »S:c. (zm;^/w«7) 590. 562. Word. — iff. word, term, vo- cable ; name &c. 564 ; phrase &c. 566 ; root, etymon ; derivative ; part of speech »fcc. {grammar) 567. dictionary, vocabulary, lexicon, in- dex, glossary, thesaurus, ^rac?i<5, delectus, concordance. etymology, derivation ; gloss-, termin-, orism-ology ; paleology &c. {philology) 560. lexicography; glossographer &c. {scho- lar) 492. Adj. verbal, literal ; titular, nominal. [Similarly derived] conjugate, parony- mous; derivative. Adv. verbally &c. adj. ; verbatim &c. {exactly) 494. 563. Neologry. — U. neolo-gy, -gism; new-fangled expression; bar- barism; archaism, black letter, monk- ish Latin ; corruption ; missaying, anti- phrasis. paronomasia, play upon words ; word- play §^c.{wit) 842^; double-entendre &c. {ambiguity) 520; palindrome, paragram, clinch ; abuse of -language, - terms. dialect, brogue, patois, provincialism, broken English, lingua franca ; Gall-, Scott-, Hibern - icism ; Americanism ; Gipsy lingo, Eomany, pigeon English. dog^ Latin, macaronics, gibberish; confusion of tongues. Babel ; jargon. colloquialism &c. {Jigure of speech) 521 ; by-word ; technicality, lingo, slang, cant, argot, St. Giles's Greek, thieves' Latin, peddler's French, flash tongue, Billingsgate, Wall Street slang, pseudology. pseudonym &c. {misnomer) 565 ; Mr. So-and-so ; what d'ye call 'em, what's his name ; thingum-my, -bob ; je ne sais quoi. neologist, coiner of words. V. coin words. Adj. neologic, -al ; archaic; obsolete «&c. {old) 124; colloquial. 564. Nomenclature. — xr. no- menclature ; naming &c. v. ; nuncupa- tion, nomination, baptism ; orismology ; onomatopceia ; antonomasia. name ; appella-tion, -tive ; designa- tion ; title ; head, -ing ; denomination ; by-name, epithet. style, proper name ; prae-, ag-, cog- nomen ; patronymic, surname ; cogno- mination; compellation, description, an- tonym ; empty -title, - name ; handle to one's name ; namesake. term, expression, noun ; by-word ; convertible terms &c. 522 ; technical term ; cant &c. 563. V. name, call, term, denominate, designate, style, entitle, clepe, dub, 565. ZHisnomer. — ir. misnomer; lucus a non lucendo ; Mrs. Malaprop ; what d'ye caU 'em &c. {neologism) 563. nickname, sobriquet, by-name ; as- sumed -name, - title; alias-, nom de -guerre, - plume ; pseudonyn, -y. V. mis-name, -call, -term ; nickname; assume a name. Adj. misnamed &c. v. ; pseudony- mous ; soi-disant ; self-called, -styled, -christened ; so-called. nameless, anonymous ; without a -, having no- name ; innominate, unnamed. Adv. in no sense. 171 56«— 573. INTELLECT. IV. (11.) m. christen, baptize, characterize, specify, define, distinguish by the name of; label &c. (mark) 550. be -called «&;c. v. ; take -, bear -, go (or be known) by -, go (or pass) under -, rejoice in- the name of. Adj. named &c. v. ; hight, yclept, known as ; what one may -well, - fairly, - properly, - fitly- call. nuncupa-tory, -tive ; cognominal, titular, nominal ; orismological. 566. Phrase. — wr. phrase, expression, set phrase; sentence, paragraph; figure of speech &c. 521 ; idi-om, -otism ; turn of expression. paraphrase &c. (synonym) 522; periphrase &c. (circumlocution) 573; motto &c. (proverb) 496. phraseology i&c. 569. V. express, phrase ; word, - it ; give -words, - expression -to ; ar- range in -, clothe in -, put into -, express by- words ; couch in terms ; find words to express ; speak by the card. Adj. expressed &c. v. ; idiomatic. Adv. in -round, - set, - good set- terms ; in set phrases. 568. Solecism. W. solecism ; bad -, false -, faulty- grammar ; slip of the -pen, - tongue ; lapsus linguce ; slip- slop ; bull. V. use -bad, - faulty- grammar; solecize, commit a solecism ; murder the -king's, - queen's- English ; break Pris- cian's head. Adj. ungrammatical ; in-correct, -ac- curate; faulty. 569. Style. — IB", style, diction, phraseology, wording; manner, strain ; composition ; mode of expression, choice of words, literary power, ready pen, pen of a ready writer ; command of language &c. (eloquence) 582 ; authorship ; la morgue litteraire. V, express by words &c. 566 ; write. 567. G-raxnxuar. — W. grammar, accidence, syntax, praxis, punctuation ; parts of speech ; inflexion, declension, conjugation; jus et norma loquendi; Lindley Murray &c. (school-book) 542 ; correct style ; philology &c. (language) 560. V. parse, punctuate. Various Qualities of Style. 570. Perspicuity.— N*. perspi- cuity &c. (intelligibility) 518; plain speaking &c. (manifestation) 525; defin- iteness, -ition ; exactness &c. 494. Adj. lucid &c. {intelligible) 518; ex- plicit &c. (manifest) 525; exact &c. 494- 572. Conciseness. — wr. concise- ness &c. adj. ; brevity, ' the soul of wit, ' laconism ; Tacitus ; ellipsis ; syncope ; abridgment &c. (shortening) 201 ; com- pression &c. 195; epitome &c. 596; mo- nostich. V. be -concise &c. adj. ; condense &c. 195 ; abridge &c. 201 ; abstrat^t &c. 596; come to the point. Adj . concise, brief, short, terse, close ; to the point, exact ; neat, compact ; la- 171 571. Obscurity. — W. obscurity &c. (unintelligibility) 519; involution; hard words; ambiguity &c. 520; vague- ness &c. 475, inexactness &c. 495 ; what d'ye call 'em &c. (neologism) 563. Adj. obscure &c. n.; crabbed, in- volved, confused. 573. Difiuseness.— lo*. difFuse- ness &c. adj.', amplification &c. v. ; di- lating &c. V. ; verbosity, verbiage, cloud of words, cojria verboi-um ; flow of words &c. (loquacity) 584. poly-, tauto-, batto-, perisso-logy ; pleonasm, exuberance, redundance ; thrice-told tale ; prolixity ; circumlocu- tion, ambages ; periphra-se, -sis ; rounda- bout phrases ; episode ; expletive ; pen- ny-a-lining ; richness &c. 577. IV. (II.) m. COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS. 572—577. conic, curt, pithy, trenchant, summary; prefrnant ; compendious &c. {compen- dium) 596; succinct; elliptical, epigram- matic, quaint , crisp. Adv. concisely &c. adj. ; briefly, sum- marily ; in -brief, - short, - a word, - few words ; for shortness sake ; to -come to the point, - make a long stoi*y short, - cut the matter short, - be brief; it V. be -diffuse &c. adj. ; run out on, descant, expatiate, enlarge, dilate, am- plify, expand, inflate ; laimch-, branch- out; rant. maunder, prose ; harp upon &c. {re- peat) 104; dwell on, insist upon. digress, ramble, hattre la campagne, beat about the bush, perorate^ spin a long yarn, protract ; spin -, swell -, comes to this, the long and the short of , draw- out. it is. i Adj. dif-, pro-fuse; wordy, verbose, i largiloquent, copious, exuberant, pleo- I nastic, lengthy ; long, -some, -winded, ''' -spun, -drawn out ; spun out, pro- tracted, prolix, prosing, maundering ; circumlocutory, periphrastic, ambagious, roundabout ; digressive ; dis-, ex-cursive ; rambling, epi- sodic ; flatulent, frothy. Adv. diffiisely &c. adj. ; at large, in extenso ; about it and about it. 574. Vig-our,— N. vigour, power, ' 575. Feebleness. — w. feebleness force ; boldness, raciness, &c. adj. ; spirit, &c. adj. point, antithesis, piquancy ; verne, glow, ' Adj. feeble, bald, tame, meagre, je- fire, warmth ; ' thoughts that breathe j June, vapid, trashy, cold, frigid, poor, and words that burn' ; strong language ; j dull, dry, languid ; pros-ing, -y, -aic ; gravity, sententiousness ; elevation, lof- } unvaried, monotonous, weak, washy, tiness, sublimity. | wishy-washy ; sketchy, slight ; careless, eloquence; command of -words, -Ian- j slovenly, loose, lax; slip-shod, -slop; guage. I inexact ; puerile, childish ; flatulent ; Adj. vigorous, nervous, powerful, for- rambling &c. (diffuse) 573. cible. trenchant, incisive, impressive; sensational. spirited, lively, glowing, sparkling, racy, bold, slashing ; pungent, 2^quant, full of point, pointed, pithy, antithetical ; sententious. lofty, elevated, sublime ; eloquent ; vehement, petulant, impassioned ; poetic. Adv. in -glowing, - good set, - no measured- terms. 576. Plainness. — w. plainness »S:c. adj.', simplicity, severity; plain -terms, - English; Saxon English; household words. V. call a spade ' a spade ' ; plunge in medias res ; come to the point. Adj. plain, simple ; un-omamented, -adorned, -varnished ; home-ly, -spun ; neat ; severe, chaste, pure, Saxon. dry, unvaried, monotonous &c. 575. Adv. in plain -terms, - words, - Eng- lish, - common parlance ; point blank. 577. Ornament. — w. ornament; floridness &c. adj. ; turg-idity, -escence ; altiloquence, &c. adj. ; declamation, tera- tology; well-rounded periods; elegance &c. 578. inversion, antithesis, alliteration, ;jaro- nomasia ; figurativeness &c. {metaphor) 521. flourish ; flowers of -speech, - rheto- ric ; euph-uism, -emism. big-, high-sounding words; macrology, sesquipedaiia vei'ha, Alexandrine ; infla- tion, pretension ; rant, bombast, fustian, prose run mad; fine writing; Minerva press. phrasemonger ; euph-uist, -emist. V. ornament, overlay with ornament, overcharge; smell of the lamp. 173 577—581. INTELLECT. IV. (II.) III. Adj. ornamented &c. v. ; beautified &c. 847 ; ornate, florid, rich, flowery; euph-uistic, -emistic; sonorous; higli-, big-sounding ; inflated, swelling, tumid ; turg-id, -escent ; pedantic, pompous, stilted ; high- flown, -flowing ; sententious, rhetorical, declamatory ; grandiose ; grand-, naagn-, alt-iloquent ; sesquipedal, -ian ; Johnsonian, mouthy ; bombastic ; fustian ; frothy, flashy, flaming antithetical, alliterative ffant) 579. £lAv. ore rotunda. figurative «fcc. 521; artificial &c. (inele- 578. ZSlegrance. — w. elegance, purity, grace, ease ; gracefulness, readi- ness, (fee. adj. ; concinnity, euphony, nu- merosity. well rounded -, well turned -, flow- ing- periods ; the right word in the right place ; antithesis &c. 577. purist. V. point an antithesis, round a period. Adj. elegant, polished, classical, Attic, correct, Ciceronian, artistic ; chaste, pure, Saxon, academical. graceful, easy, readable, fluent, flow- ing, tripping ; unafiected, natural, unla- boured; mellifluous; euph-onious, -emis- tic ; numerose, rhythmical. felicitous, happy, neat ; well -, neatly- -put, - expressed. 579. Zneleg'ance. — w. inele- gance; stiffness &c. adj.\ unlettered Muse ; barbarism ; slang &c. 563 ; sole- cism &c. 568; mannerism &c. {affecta- tion) 855; euphuism; fustian &c. 577; cacophony ; words that -break the teeth, - dislocate the jaw. v. be -inelegant &c. adj. Adj. inelegant, graceless, ungraceful; harsh, abrupt; dry, stiff", cramped, for- mal, guinde ; forced, laboured ; artificial, mannered, ponderous; turgid &c. 577; affected, euphuistic ; barbarous, uncouth, grotesque, rude, crude, halting ; offensive to ears polite. 2. Spohen Language. 580. Voice. — U. voice; vocality; organ, lungs, bellows ; good -, fine -, powerful &c. {loud) 404 -, musical &c. 413- voice; intonation; tone &c. {sound) 402- of voice. vocalization; cry &c. 411 ; strain, utterance, prolation ; ex clam-, ejacul-, vocifer-ation ; enunci-, articul-ation ; ar- ticulate sound, distinctness ; clearness, - of articulation ; stage whisper ; delivery. accent, -uation ; emphasis, stress ; broad -, strong -, pure -, native -, fo- reign- accent ; pronunciation. [Word similarly pronounced] homo- nym. orthoepy; euphony &c. {melody) 413. gastri-, ventri-loquism : ventriloquist ; polyphon-ism, -ist. [Science of voice] Phonology &c. {sound) 402. V. utter, breathe ; give -utterance, - tongue; cry &c. {shout) 411; ejaculate, rap out ; vocalize, prolate, articulate, enunciate, pronounce, accentuate, aspi- 174 581. Aphony.— W. aphony, apho- nia; dumbness &c. adj.\ obmutescence ; absence -, want- of voice; dysphony; silence &c. {taciturnity) 585; raucity; harsh &c. 410 -, unmusical &c. 414- voice ; falsetto, '■ childish treble ' ; mute, dummy. V. keep silence &c. 585; speak -low, - softly; whisper &c. {faintness) 405. silence ; render -mute, - si'eut ; muz- zle, muffle, suppress, smother, gag, strike dumb, dumfounder; drown the voice, put to silence, stop ones mouth, cut one short. stick in the throat. Adj. aphonous, dumb, mute ; deaf- mute, - and dumb ; mum ; t ngae-tied; breath-, tongue-, voice-, speech-, word- less ; mute as a -fish, - stockfish, - mack- erel ; silent kc. {taciturn) 585; muz- zled ; in-articulate, -audible. croaking, raucous, hoarse, husliy, dry, hollow, sepulchral, hoarse as a raven. Adv. with -bated breath, - the fin- IV. (II.) III. COMMLNIOATION OF IDEAS. 580—585. rate, deliver, mouth; whisper in the ear. Adj. vocal, phonetic, oral ; ejacula- tory, articulate, distinct, stertorous ; eu- phonious &c. (melodious) 413. 582. Speech. — w. speech, fa- culty of speech ; locution, talk, parlance, verbal intercourse, prolation, oral com- munication, word of mouth, ^jcrro/e, pa- laver, prattle ; eiFusion. oration, recitation, delivery, say, speech, lecture, harangue, sermon, ti- rade, formal speech, peroration ; speechi- fying; soliloquy &c. 589; allocution &c. 586 ; interlocution &c. 588. oratory; elo-cution, -quence ; rhetoric, declamation; grandi-, multi-loquence ; burst of eloquence ; facmidity ; flow -, command- of -words, - language ; cojjia verhorum; power of speech, gift of the gab ; iisus loquendi. speaker &c. v. ; spokesman ; pro-, in- ter-locutor ; mouthpiece, Hermes : ora- ger on the lips ; sotto voce ; in a -low tone, - cracked voice, - broken voice. Pbr. vox faucihiis hcesit.- 583dr [Imperfect Speech,] Stam- mering'. — W. inarticulateness; stam- mering &c. v.) hesitation &c.r.; impedi- ment in one's speech ; titubancy, trau- lism ; whisper &c. {faint sound) 405 ; lisp, drawl, tardiloquence ; nasal -tone, - accent ; twang ; falsetto &c, {want of voice) 581 ; broken -voice, - accents, - sentences. brogue &c. 563; slip of the tongue, lapsus lingucB. V. stammer, stutter, hesitate, falter, hammer ; balbu-tiate, -cinate ; haw, hmn and haw, be unable to put two words together. mumble, mutter; maund, -er; whis- per kc. 405 ; mince, lisp ; jabber, gibber; sp-, spl-utter ; muffle, mump ; drawl, mouth ; croak ; speak -thick, - through the nose ; snuffle, clip one's words; mur- der the -language, - King's {or Queen's) English ; mis-pronounce, -say. Adj. stammering &c. 2?. ; inarticulate, guttural, nasal ; tremulous. Adv. sotto voce &c. {faintly) 405. tor, -trix, -tress ; Demosthenes, Cicero ; rhetorician ; stump -, platform- orator ; speechmaker, patterer, iniprovisatoi-e. V. speak, - of ; say, utter, pronounce, deliver, give utterance to ; utter -, pour- forth ; breathe, let fall, come out with ; rap -, blurt- out ; have on one's lips ; have at the -end, - tip- of one's tongue. break silence; open one's -lips, - mouth ; lift -, raise- one's voice ; give -, wag the- tongue ; talk, outspeak ; put in a word or two. hold forth ; make -, deliver- -a speech &c. n. ; speechify, harangue, declaim, stump, flourish, spout, rant, recite, lecture, sei-monize, dis- course, be on one's legs ; have -, say- one's say ; expatiate &c. {speak at length) 573 ; speak one's mind. soliloquize &c. 589: tell &c. {inform) 527; speak to &c. 586; talk together &c. 588. be -eloquent &c. adj. ; have -a tongue in one's head, - the gift of the gab &c. n. pass -, escape- one's lips ; fall from the -lips, - mouth. Adj. speaking &c., spoken S:c. v.; oral, lingual, phonetic, not writ- ten, unwritten, outspoken; elo-quent, -cutionary; orat-, rhet-orical ; declamatory; grandiloquent Sec. 577; talkative &c. 584. Adv. orally &c. adj. ; by word of mouth, viva voce, from the lips of Pbr. quoth -, said- he, &c. 584. XiOquacity. — X. loquac- ity, -iousness ; talkativeness &c. adj. ; garrulity ; multiloquence, much speak- ing. jaw ; gab, -ble ; jabber, chatter ; prate, prattle, cackle, clack ; twaddle, twattle, 585. Taciturnity.— M". silence, * muteness, obmutescence ; taciturnity, pauciloquy, costiveness, curtness ; re- serve, reticence &c. {concealment^ 528. man of few words. V, be -silent Szc. adj. ; keep silence ; 175 584—589. INTELLECT lY. (II.) III. rattle ; caquet, -tevie ; blabber, havardage, bibble-babble, gibble-gabble ; small talk &c. {converse) 588. fluency, flippancy, volubility, flowing tongue ; flow, - of words ;Jlux de -houche, - mots ; copia verhorum, cacoethes lo- qitendi ; verbosity &c. (diffusen^s) 573 ; gift of the gab &c. {eloquence) 582. talker ; chatter-er, -box ; babbler &c. ^?. ; rattle; ranter; sermonizer, proser, driveller ; gossip &c. {converse) 588 ; magpie, jay, parrot, poll, Babel; mouliri u pa)'oles. V. be -loquacious &c. adj. ; talk glib- ly, pour forth, patter ; prate, palaver, prose, cbatter, prattle, clack, jabber, jaw ; rattle, - on ; twaddle, twattle ; Dabble, gabble ; out-talk ; talk oneself -out of breath, - hoarse ; expatiate &c. {speak at length) 573; gossip &c. {converse) 588; din in the ears &c. {repeat) 104; talk -at random, - nonsense &c. 497 ; he hoarse with talking. Adj. loquacious, talkative, garrulous, linguacious, multiloquous ; largiloqueut ; chattering &c. v. ; chatty &c. {sociable) 892 ; declamatory &c. 582 ; open-mouthed. fluent, voluble, glib, flippant ; long-tongued, -winded &c. {diffuse) S73- Adv. trippingly on the tongue ; glibly &c. adj. ; off" the reel. Phr. the tongue running -fast, - loose, - on wheels. bold one's -tongue, - peace, - jaw; not speak &c. 582 ; say nothing ; seal -, close -, put a padlock on- the -lips, - mouth ; put a bridle on one's tongue ; keep one's tongue between one's teeth ; make no sign, not let a word escape one ; keep a secret &c. 528 ; not have a word to say ; lay -, place- the finger on the lips ; render mute &c. 581. stick in one's throat. Adj. silent, mute, mum ; silent as a -post, - stone, - the grave &c. {still) 403; dumb &c. 581. taciturn, sparing of words ; close, - tongued ; costive, inconversable, curt ; reserved; reticent &c. {concealing) 528. Int. tush ! silence ! mum ! hush ! chut ! hist ! tut ! 587. Response &c., see Answer 462. 586. AUocution.-sr. allocution, alloquy, address ; speech &c. 582 ; apos- trophe, interpellation, appeal, invocation, salutation ; word in the ear. [Feigned dialogue] dialogism. platform &c. 542 ; audience &c. {intei'vieiv) 588. V. speak to, address, accost, make up to, apostrophize, appeal to, invoke ; hail, salute ; call to, halloo. take -aside, - by the button ; talk to in private. lecture &c. {make a speech) 582. Int. soho ! halloo ! hey ! hist ! 589. Soliloquy. monologue, apostrophe. V. soliloquize; say -, talk- to oneself J say aside, think aloud, apostrophize. Adj. soliloquizing &c. v. Adv. aside. 588. Interlocution.— M". inter- locution ; coUocution, colloquy, converse, conversation, confabulation, talk, dis- course, verbal intercourse ; oral com- munication, commerce ; dia-, duo-, tria- logue. causerie, chat, chit - chat ; small -, table -, teatable -, town -, village -, idle- talk ; tattle, gossip, tittle-tattle ; babble, -ment ; tripotage, cackle, prittle-prattle, cancati, on dit ; talk of the -town, - village. conference, parley, interview, audience, pouyyarler ; tete-a-tete ; re- ception, conversazione ; congress &c. {council) 696. hall of audience, durbar. i palaver, debate, logomachy, war of words. j 176 wr. soliloquy. IV. (II.) m. COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS. 588—591 gossip, tattler; Paul Pry; tabby; chatterer &c. {loquacity) 584; interlocutor &c. {spokestnan) 582 ; conversationist, dialogist. ^ the feast of reason and the flow of soul' ; moUta tempora fandi. V. talk together, converse, confabulate ; hold -, carry on -, join in -, engage in- a conversation ; put in a word ; shine in conversation ; bandy words ; parley ; palaver ; chat, gossip, tattle ; prate &c. {loquacity) 584, discourse -, confer -, commune -, commerce- with ; hold -converse, - conference, - intercourse ; talk it over ; be closeted with ; talk with one -in private, - tete-a-tete. Adj. conversing &c. i\ ; interlocutory; convers-ational, -able; dis- cursive, -coursive ; chatty &c. {sociable) 892 ; colloquial. 3. Written Language. 591. Printing . — TS, printing ; block -, type- printing ; plate printing &c. {engraviiig) 558; the press &c. (j>m6- lication) 531 ; composition. print, letterpress, text; context, note, page, column. typography; stereo-, electro-, apro- type; type, black letter, font, fount; pi, pie ; capitals &c. {letter's) 561 ; brevier, bourgeois, pica, &c. folio &c. {hook) 593 ; copy, impression, pull, proof, revise. printer, compositor, reader ; printer's devil. V. print; compose; put -, go- to press ; pass -, see- through the press ; publish kc. 531 ; bring out ; appear in -, rush into- print. Adj. printed &c. v.\ in type; typo- graphical &c. n. 590. Writing". — U". writing &c. v.\ chiro-, stelo-,cero-graphy; pen-craft, -manship ; quilldriving. writing,manuscript,MS. , litercesci'iptcB', these presents. stroke -, dash- of the pen ; coup de jjlume ; line ; pen and ink. letter &c. 561 ; uncial writing, cunei- form character, arrow-head, Ogham, Runes, hieroglyphic ; contraction. short-hand ; steno-, brachy-, tachy- graphy ; secret writing, writing in cipher ; crypt-, stegan-ography ; phono-, pasi-, poly-, logo-graphy. copy ; tran-, re-script ; rough -, fair- copy; handwriting; signature, sign- manual; auto-, mono-, holo-graph ; hand, list. calligraphy ; good -, running -, flow- ing -, cursive -, legible -, bold- hand. cacography, gnffonage, barbouillage ; bad -, cramped -, crabbed -, illegible- hand ; scribble &c. v.; jjattes de mouche ; ill-formed letters; pot-hooks and hangers. stationery ; pen, quill, goose-quill ; pencil, style ; paper, foolscap, parchment, vellum, papjrrus, tablet, slate, marble, pillar, table. transcription &c. {copy) 21; inscription &c. {record) 551; super- scription &c. {indication) 550. composition, authorship ; cacoethes scribendi. writer, scribe, amanuensis, scrivener, secretary, clerk, penman, copyist, transcriber, quill-driver ; writer for the press &c. {autho?') 593. V. write, pen; copy, engross ; write out, - fair ; transcribe ; scribble, scrawl, scrabble, scratch; interline: stain paper; write down &c. (j'ecord) 551 ; sign &c. {attest) 467. compose, indite, draw up, draft, formulate; dictate ; inscribe, throw on paper, dash off. take -up the pen, - pen in hand ; shed -, spill -, dip one's pen in- ink. Adj. writing &c. v. ; written &c. v. ; in -writing, - black and white ; under one's hand. uncial, Runic, cuneiform, hieroglyphical. Adv. current e calamo ; pen in hand. 177 592. Correi^pondence.— W. cor- respondence, letter, epistle, note, hillet^ post-card, missive, circular, favour, hillet- doux ; des-, dis-patch ; bulletin, these pre- sents; rescript, -ion ; i^oat&c. (inesserif/er) 534- V, correspond, - with ; write -, send a letter- to ; keep up a correspondence. Adj. epistolary. 592-595. INTELLECT. IV. (11.) ra, 593. Book. — N. book, -let ; writ- ing, work, volume, tome, opuscule; tractj, -ate ; lw7'et ; brochure, ^eire^^o, handbook, codex, manual, pamphlet, enchiridion^ circular, publication ; chap-book. part, issue, number, livraison ; album, portfolio ; periodical, serial, magazine, ephejneris, annual, journal. paper, bill, sheet, broadsheet; leaf, -let ; fly-leaf, page ; quire, ream. chapter, section, head, article, para- graph, passage, clause, folio, quarto, octavo ; duo-, sexto-, octo-decimo. en-, cyclopaedia ; compilation ; library, bibliotheca ; the press &c. {jmblication) 53 !• ' writer, author, Utte?'ateur, essayist, journalist ; pen, scribbler, the scribbling race ; literary hack, Grub-street writer ; Avriter for-, gentle- man of -, representative of- the press ; reporter, penny-a-liner ; editor, sub-editor ; playwright &c. 599 ; poet &c. 597 bookseller, publisher ; biblio-pole, -polist ; librarian. knowledge of books, bibliography; book-learning &c. {knowledge) ^()o. 594. Description. — W. description, account, statement, report j expose &c. {disclosure) 529 ; specification, particulars ; state -, summary- of facts; brief &c. {abstract) 596; return &c. {record) 551; catalogue raisonne &c. {list) 86 ; guide-book &c. {information) 527. delineation &c. {representation) 554; sketch; monograph; minute-, detailed -, particular -, circumstantial -, graphic- account; narration, recital, rehearsal, relation. histori-, chron-ography ; historic Muse, Olio ; history ; bi-, autobi- ography ; necrology, obituary. narrative, history; memoir, memorials; annals &c. {chi'onicle) 551; tradition, legend, story, tale, historiette ; personal narrative, journal, life, adventures, fortunes, experiences, confessions ; anecdote, ana, ti'ait. work of fiction, novel, romance, Minerva press ; fairy -, nursery- tale ; fable, parable, apologue. relator &c. V. ; raconteur; historian &c. {recorder) 553; biographer, fabulist, novelist. V. describe ; set forth &c. {state) 535 ; draw a picture, picture ; portray &c. {represent) 554; characterize, particularize ; narrate, relate, recite, recount, sum up, run over, recapitulate, rehearse, fight one's battles over again. unfold &c. {disclose) 529- a tale ; tell ; give -, render- an account of; report, make a report, draw up a statement. detail ; enter into -, descend to- -particulars, - details. Adj. descriptive, graphic, narrative, epic, suggestive, well-drawn; historic ; tradition-al, -ary ; legendary ; anecdotic, storied ; described &c. V. 595. Dissertation. — w. dissertation, treatise, essay; thcsiSf theme ; tract, -ate, -ation ; discourse, memoir, disquisition, lecture, sermon, homily, pandect. commentary, review, oitique, criticism, article ; lead-er, -ing article ; running commentary. investigation &c. {inquiry) 461 ; study &c. {considei-atim) 451; dis- cussion &c. {reasoning) 476; exposition &c. {explanation) 522. commentator, critic, essayist, pamphleteer. 1.78 IV. (H.) III. COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS. 595—599. V. dissert -, descant -, write -, touch- upon a subject ; treat of -, take up -, ventilate -, discuss -, deal with -, go into -, canvass -, handle -, do justice to- a subject. Adj. dis-cursive, -coursive ; disquisitionary ; expository. 596. Compendluxn. — M". compend, -ium; abstract, prScis, epi- tome, mvltum in parvo, analysis, pandect, digest, sum and substance, brief, abridgment, summary, aperqu, draft, minute, note ; synopsis, text- book, co7ispectus, outlines, syllabus, contents, heads, prospectus. album J scrap -, note -, memorandum -, commonplace- book; extracts, excerpta, cuttings; fugitive -pieces, - writings; spicilegiam, flowers, anthology, collectanea, analecta ; compilation. recapitulation, resume, review. abbrevia-tion, -ture ; contraction ; shortening &c. 201 ; compression &c. 195. V. abridge, abstract, epitomize, summarize ; make -, prepare -, draw -, compile- an abstract &c. n. recapitulate, review, skim, run over, sum up. abbreviate &c. {shorten) 201 ; condense &c. {compress) 195; compile &c. {collect) 72. Adj. compendious, synoptic, analectic ; abridged &c. v. Adv. in -short, - epitome, - substance, - few words. Phr. it lies in a nutshell. 598. Prose. — w. prose, - writer, pros-aism, -aist, -er. V. prose. write -prose, - in prose. Adj. pros-y, -aic ; unpoetical. rhymeless, unrhymed, in prose, not in verse. 597. Poetry, — xr. poetry, poetics, poesy, Muse, Calliope, tuneful Nine, IParnassus, Helicon, Pierides, Pierian spring. versification, rhyming, making verses; prosody, orthometry. poem ; epic, - poem ; epopee, cpopoea, ode, epode, idyl, lyric, eclogue, pastoral, bucolic, dithyramb, anacreontic, sonnet, roundelay, rondeau, rondo, madrigal, canzonet, cento, monody, elegy. dramatic -, lyric- poetry ; opera ; posy, anthology ; disjecta membra poetce. song, ballad, lay; love -, drinking -, war -, sea- song; lullaby; music &c. 415 ; nursery rhymes. [Bad poetry] doggrel, Hudibrastic verse, prose run mad; macaronics; macaronic -, leonine- verse ; runes. canto, stanza, distich, verse, line, couplet, triplet, quatrain ; strophe^ antistrophe. verse, rhyme, assonance, crambo, metre, measure, foot, numbers, strain, rhythm ; accentuation &c. {voice) 580 ; dactyl, spondee, trochee, anapaest c>cc. ; hex-, pent-ameter ; Alexandrine. elegiacs &:c. adj. ; elegiac &c. adj. -verse, - metrp, - poetry. poet, - laureate; laureate ; bard, lyrist, scald, troubadour, trouvere; minstrel ; minne-, meister-singer ; impi'ovisatore ; versifier, soimeteer ; riiym-er, -ist, -ester ; poetaster; genus irritahilc vatum. V. poetize, sing, versify, make verses, rhyme, scan. Adj. poetic, -al; lyric, -al ; tuneful; epic; dithyrambic &c. «. ; metrical ; a-, catalectic ; elegiac, iambic, trochaic, anapgestic ; Ionic, kSapphic, Alcaic, Pindaric. 599. The Drama. 179 -U". the -drama, - stage, - theatre, play> 2f 2 099. INTELLECT. IV. (II.) iii. theatricals, dramaturgy, histrionic art, buskin, sock, cothui-nus, Mel- pomene and Thalia, Thespis. play, drama, stage-play, piece, five-act play, tragedy, comedy, opera, vaudeville, comedietta, lever de rideau, interlude, afterpiece, exode, farce, divertissement y extravaganza, burletta, harlequinade, pantomime, burlesque, opera houffe, ballet, 'spectacle, masque, drame, comedie drame; melo- drama, -drame ; comedie lartnoyante, sensation drama, tragi-, farcical- comedy ; mono-drame, -logue ; duologue ; trilogy ; charade, proverhe ; mystery, miracle play. act, scene, tableau ; in-, intro-duction ; pro-, epi-logue ; libretto. performance, representation, mise en scene, atageYj,jeu de theatre-, acting: gesture &c. 550; impersonation &c. 554; stage business, gag, buffoonery. theatre ; play-, opera-house ; house ; music hall ; amphitheatre, circus, hippodrome; puppet-show, /awzfocem^ ; marionnettes, Punch and Judy. auditory, auditorium, front of the house, stalls, boxes, pit, gallery; greon-room, coulisses. flat; drop, - scene; wing, screen, side-scene; transformation scene, curtain, act-drop ; prosceniufn. stage, scene, the boards; trap, mezzanine floor; flies; floats, foot- lights ; orchestra. theatrical -costume, - properties. part, role, character, dramatis jjersona ; repertoire. actor, player ; stage -, strolling- player ; stager, performer ; mime, -r ; artiste; com-, trag-edian ; trar/edienne, ThesTpian, 'Roacms, star. pantomimist, clown, harlequin, buffo, buffoon, farceur, grimacier, pan- taloon, columbine ; punch, -inello ; pulcinell-o, -a ; mute, figurante, general utility ; super, -numerary. mummer, guiser, guisard, gysart, masque. mountebank, Jack Pudding; tumbler, posture-master, acrobat; con- tortionist ; ballet -dancer, - girl ; chorus smger. company; first tragedian, prima donna, protagonist; /ew?ze ^:>;-e«?i6r; debutant, -e ; light -, genteel -, low- -comedy, - comedian ; walking gentleman, amoroso, heavy father, ingenue, jeune veuve. property man, costumier, machinist; prompter, call-boy; manager; stage -, acting- manager ; entrepreneur, imp7'esaj'io. dramatic -author, - writer ; play-writer, -wright ; dramatist, mimo- grapher. V. act, play, perform ; put on the stage; personate &c. 554; mimic &c. {vnitate) 19; enact; play -, act -, go through -, perform- a part; rehearse, spout, gag, rant ; ' strut and fret one's hour upon a stage ' ; tread the -stage, - boards ; come out ; star it. Adj. dramatic ; theatric, -al ; scenic, histrionic, comic, tragic, bus- kined, farcical, tragi-comic, melodramatic, operatic ; stagey. Adv. on the -stage, - boards ; before -the floats ; - an audience ; behind the scenes. V.(L)i. INDIVIDUAL VOLITION. 600--60t« CLASS V. Words relating to THE VOLUNTARY POWERS.^ Division (I.) INDIVIDUAL VOLITION. Section I. Volition in general. 1°. Acts of 600. Will.— W. ^vill, volition, co- nation t, velleity; will and pleasure, free-will ; freedom &c. 748 ; discretion ; option &c, (choice) 609; voluntariness; spontane-ity, -ousness ; originality. pleasure, wish, mind : frame of mind &c. {inclination) 602; intention &c. 620; predetermination &c. 611; self-control &c. determination &c. (resolution) 604. V. will; list ; see -, think- fit ; deter- mine &c. (resolve) 604; settle &c. (choose) 609; volunteer. have a will of one's own; do what one chooses &c. (freedom) 748 ; have it all one's own way ; have one's -will, - own way. use -, exercise- one's discretion ; take -upon oneself, - one's own course, - the law into one's own hands ; do -of one's own accord, - upon one's own authority ; originate &c. (cause) 153. Adj. voluntary, volitional, wilful; free &c. 748; optional; discretion-al, -ary. minded &c, (ivilling) 602; prepense &c. (predetermined) 61 1; intended &c. 620; autocratic; unbidden &c. (bid &c. 741) ; spontaneous ; original &c. (causal) Adv. voluntarily &c. ad^.-, at -will, - pleasure ; a -volonte, - discretion ; al piacere ; ad -libitum, - arbitrium ; as -one thinks proper, - it seems good to. of one's own -accord, - free will ; propria -, suo Volition. 601. Necessity.— N". involunta- riness ; instinct, blind impulse. necessi-ty, -tation ; obligation ; com- pulsion &c. 744; subjection &c. 749; stern -, hard -, dire -, imperious -, inex- orable -, iron -, adverse- -necessity, - fate ; dvdyKr], what must be. desti-ny, -nation ; fatality, fate, doom, foredoom, election, predestination ; pre-, fore-ordination ; lot, fortune ; fatalism ; inevitableuess &c. adj.-, spell &c. 993. star, -s ; planet, -s ; astral influence ; sky, Fates, Parcce, Sisters three, book of fate ; God's will, will of Heaven ; wheel of Fortune, Ides of March, Hobson's choice. last -shift, - resort; dernier ressort; pisaller &c. (substitute) 147; necessaries &c. (requirement^ 630. necess-arian, -itarian ; fatalist ; auto- maton. V. lie under a necessity ; be -fated, - doomed, - destined &c., - in for, - under the necessity of ; have no -choice, - al- ternative ; be one's -fate &c. n.- to ; be Dushed to the wall, - driven into a cor- unable to help. destine, doom, foredoom, devote ; pre- destine, -ordain ; cast a spell &c. 992 ; necessitate ; compel &c. 744- Adj. necessary; needful &c. (requi- site) 630. fated ; destined &c. v. ; elect ; spell- bound. compulsory &c. (compel) 744; uncoc- 1- ner * Conative powers or faculties (Hamilton). t Hamilton. 181 600--603. VOLITION. V.CI.)T. one's own head ; by choice &c. 609 ; pur- troUahle, inevitahle, unavoidable, irresis- posely &c. {intentionally) 620; delibe- , tible, irrevocable, inexorable ; avoid-, re- rately &c. 611. j sist-les3. Plir. stet pro ratione voluntas ; sic volo j involuntary, instinctive, automatic, ticjubeo. j blind, mechanical; un-conscious, -wit- j ting, -thinking ; unintentional &c. {uncle- I sif/ned) 621 ; impulsive &c. 612. Adv. necessarilv &c. adv. ; of -necessity, - course ; ex necessitate rei ; needs must ; perforce &c. 744 ; nolens volens ; will he nil he, willy nilly, bon gre mal yre, willing or unwilling, coUte que coute. faute de mieux ; by stress of; if need be. Phr. it cannot be helped; there is no -help for, - helping- it; it -will, - must, - must needs- be, - be so, - have its way ; the die is cast ; jacta est alen ; che sara sara ; * it is written ' ; one's- days are numbered, - fate is sealed ; Fata obstant ; diis aliter visum. 602. Willingrness.— w. willing- ness, voluntariness, &c. adj. ; willing mind, heart. disposition, inclination, leaning, ani- mus', frame of mind, humour, mood, vein; bent&c. {turn of mind) 820; jt?ew- chant &c. {desire) 865 ; aptitude &c. 698. doc-ility, -ibleness; persuasi-bleness, -bility; pliability &c. {softness) 324. geniality, cordiality ; goodwill ; alac- rity, readiness, earnestness, forwardness ; eagerness &c. {desi)'e) 865. assent &c. 488 ; compliance Szc. 762 ; pleasure &c. {zvill) 600. labour of love : volunteer, -ing. V. be -willing &c. adj.-, incline, lean to, mind, propend ; had as lief ; lend -, give -, turn- a willing ear; have -a, - half a, - a great- mind to ; hold -, cling- to ; desire &c. 865. see -, thinli- -good, - fit, - proper; acquiescence &c. {assent) 488; comply with &c. 762. swallow -, nibble at- the bait ; gorge the hook ; have -, make- no scruple of; make no bones of; jump -, catch- at; meet half way ; volunteer. Adj. willing, minded, fain, disposed, inclined, favourable ; favourabl3wninded, -inclined, -disposed ; nothing loth ; in the -vein, - mood, - humour, - mind. ready, forward, earnest, eager; bent upon &c. {desirous) 865; predisposed, propense. docile ; persua-dable, -sible ; suasible, easily persuaded, facile, easy-going; tractable &c. {pliant) 324; genial, gra- cious, cordial, hearty ; content &c. {as- senting) 488. voluntary, gratuitous, spontaneous ; 182 603. Un willingrness. — ir. un- willingness &c. ad;/'. ; indispos-ition. -ed- ness ; disinclination, aversation ; noUeity, nolition ; renitence ; reluctance ; indiffer- ence &c. 866; backwardness &c. adj.-, slowness &c. 275; want of -alacrity, - readiness ; indocility &c. {obstinacy) 606. scrupul-ousness, -osity; qualms of conscience, delicacy, demur, scruple, qualm, shrinking, recoil ; hesitation &:c. {ii-resolution) 605; fastidiousness &c. 868. averseness &c. {dislike) 867; dissent &c. 489; refusal &c. 764. V. be -unwilling &c. adj. ; nill ; dis- like &c. 867; grudge, begrudge ; not be able to find it in one's heart to, not have the stomach to. demur, stick at, scruple, stickle ; hang fire, run rusty ; recoil, shrink, swerve ; hesitate &c. 605 ; avoid &c. 623. oppose &c. 708; dissent &c. 489; re- fuse 'Sec. 764. Adj. unwilling ; not in the vein, loth, shy of, disinclined, indisposed, averse, reluctant, not content ; adverse &c. {op- posed) 708; laggard, backward, remiss, slack, slow to ; indifferent &c. 866 ; scrupulous ; squeamish &c. {fastidious) 868 ; repugnant &c. {dislike) 867 ; rest- ift', -ive ; demurring &c. v. ; uncousent- ing &c. {refusing) 764; involuntary &c. 601. Adv. unwillingly &c. adj. ; grudging- ly, with a heavy heart ; with -a bad, - an ill- grace ; against -, sore against- -one's wishes, - one's will, - the grain ; invitd Minerva ; a contre caiur ; malgre soi ; in spite of -one's teeth, - oneself; nolens volens &c. {necessity) 601 ; perforce &c. V. (I.) I. INDIVIDUAL VOLITION. 602--605. 744: under protest ; no&c. 536; not for the world, far be it from me. unasked &c. (ask &c. 765) ; unforced &c. {free) 748. Adv. willingly &c. adj. ; fain, freely, as lief, heart and soul ; with -pleasure, - all one's heart, - open arms; with -good, - right good- will ; de bonne volonte, ex animo ; con amore, heart in hand, nothing loth, without reluctance, of one's own accord, graci- ously, with a good grace. a la bonne heure ; by all -means, - manner of means ; to one's heart's content ; yes &c. {assent) 488. 604. Resolution. — W. determi- nation, will; iron -, unconquerable- will ; will of one's own, decision, resolu- tion ; strength of -mind, - will ; resolve Sec. {intent) 620; firmness &c. {stabi- lity) 150; energy, manliness, vigour; game, pluck ; resoluteness &c. {courage) 861; zeal &c. 682 ; aplomb) despera- tion ; devot-ion, -edness. mastery over self ; self-control, -com- mand, -possession, -reliance, -govern- ment, -restraint, -conquest, -denial; moral -courage, - strength ; perseverance &c. 604a ; tenacity ; obstinacy &c. 606 ; bull-dog ; British lion. V. have -determination &:c. n. ; know one's own mind ; be -resolved &c. adj. ; make up one's mind, will, resolve, de- termine ; decide &c. {judgment) 480; form -, come to- a -determination, - reso- lution, - resolve ; conclude, fix, seal, determine once for all, bring to a crisis, drive matters to an extremity; take a decisive step &c. {choice) 609; take upon oneself &c. {undefrtahe) 676. devote oneself -, give oneself up- to ; throw away the scabbard, kick down the ladder, nail one's colours to the mast, set one's ba^k against the wall, set one's teeth, put one's foot down, take one's stand; stand firm &c. {stability) 150; steel oneself; stand no nonsense, not listen to the voice of the charmer. buclde to ; put -, lay -, set- one's shoulder to the wheel ; put one's heart into ; run the gantlet, make a dash at, take the bull by the horns; rush -, plunge- in medias res ; go in for ; insist upon, make a point of; set one's -heart, - mind- upon. stick at nothing; make short work of &c. {activity) 682 ; not stick at trifles ; go -all lengths, - the whole hog ; persist &c. {pe9'severe) 604a; go through 605. Irresolution. — lO". irreso- lution, infirmity of purpose, indecision ; in-, un-determination ; unsettlement ; uncertainty &c. 475; demur, suspense; hesi-tating &c. v., -tation, -tancy; vacil- lation ; changeableness &c. 149 ; fluc- tuation : alternation &c. {oscillation) 314; caprice &c. 608. fickleness, levity, legerete; pliancy &c. {softness) 324 ; weakness ; timidity &c. 860 ; cowardice &c. 862 ; half mea- sures. waverer, ass between two bundles of hay ; shuttlecock, butterfly. V. be -irresolute &c. adj. ; hang -, keep- in suspense; leave ^ ad referendum^ ) think twice about, pause; dawdle &c. {inactivity) 683 ; remain neuter ; dilly dally, hesitate, boggle, hover, hum and haw, demur, not know one's own mind ; debate, balance ; dally -, coquet- with ; will and will not, chasser-balancer ; go half-way, compromise, make a compro- mise ; be thrown off' one's balance, stag- ger like a drunken man ; be afraid &c. 860 ; let ' I dare not ' wait upon ' I would ' ; falter, waver. vacillate &c. 149; change &c. 140; retract tfcc, 607 ; fluctuate ; alternate &c. {oscillate) 314; keep off* and on, play fast and loose ; blow hot and cold &c. {caprice) 608. shuffle, palter, blink ; trim. Adj. irresolute, infirm of purpose, double-minded, half-hearted; un-decided, -resolved, -determined ; shilly-shally fidgety, tremulous ; hesitating &c. v. off" one's balance ; at a loss &c. {uncer- tain) 475- vacillating &c. v. ; unsteady &c. {changeable) 149 ; unsteadfast, fickle, without ballast; capricious &c. 608; volatile, frothy ; light, -some, -minded ; giddy; fast and loose. 183 604—607. VOLITION. V. (L) I. weak, feeble-minded, frail ; timid &c. 860 ; cowardly &c. 862 ; facile ; pliant &c. (soft) 324 ; unable to say ' no/ easy-going. revocable, reversible. Adv. irresolutely &c. adj. ; irresolved- ly; in faltering accents; off and onj from pillar to post ; see-saw &c. 314. Int. either ! ' how happy could I be with fire and water, ride in the whirlwind and direct the storm. Adj. resolved kc. v. ; determined ; strong-willed, -minded ; resolute &c. {brave) 861 ; self-possessed ; decided, definitive, peremptory, tranchant) un- hesitating, -flinching, -shrinking; firm, iron, indomitable, game to the back- bone ; inexorable, relentless, not to be -shaken, - put down ; tenax pi'ojwsiti ; inflexible &c. (hard) 323 ; obstinate &c. 606; steady &c. {persevering) 604a. earnest, serious; set -, bent -, intent- upon. steeled -, proof- against ; in uti-umque paratus. Adv. resolutely &c. adrj. ; in -, in good- earnest ; seriously, joking apart, earnestly, heart and soul ; on one's mettle ; manfully, like a man, with a high hand ; with a strong hand &c. {exertion) 686. at any -rate, - risk, - hazard, - price, - cost, - sacrifice ; at all -hazards, - risks, - events ; cost what it may ; coute que caiite ; a tort et a travers ; once for all ; neck or nothing ; rain or shine. Phr. spes sibi quisque. 604a. Perseverance, — W. perseverance ; continuance &c. {inaction) 143; permanence &c. {absence of change) 141 ; firmness &c. {stability) 150. constancy, steadiness : singleness -, tenacity- of purpose ; persistence, plodding, patience; sedulity &c. {industry) 682; pertina-cy, -city, -ciousness; iteration i!tc. 104. bottom, game, pluck, stamina, backbone ; indefatiga-bility, -blenesa ; bulldog courage. V. persevere, persist; hold -on, - out; die in the last ditch, be in at the death ; stick -, cling -, adhere- to ; stick to one's text, keep on ; keep to -, maintain- one's -course, - ground ; bear -, keep -, hold- up ; plod ; stick to work &c. {work) 686 ; continue &c. 143 ; follow up ; die -in harness, - at one's post. Adj. persevering, constant; stead-y, -fast; un-deviating, -wavering, -faltering, -swerving, -flinching, -sleeping, -flagging, -drooping ; steady as time; uninter-, unre-mitting ; plodding; industrious &c. 682*^; strenuous &c. 686 ; pertinacious ; persist-ing, -ent. solid, sturdy, staunch, stanch, true to oneself; unchangeable &c. 150; unconquerable &c. {strong) 159; indomitable, game to the last, indefatigable, untiring, unvvearied, never tiring. Adv. through -evil report and good report, - thick and thin, - fire and water ; jyer fas et nefas ; without fail, sink or swim, at any price vogue la galere. Phr. never say die ; vestigia nulla retrorsum. 606. Obstinacy. — lO". obstinate- ness &c. adj. ; obstinacy, tenacity ; per- severance h,c. 6o4« ; immovability ; old school ; inflexibility &c. {hardness) 323 ; obdur-acy, -atiou ; dogged resolution ; resolution &c. 604 ; ruling passion ; blind side. ^ self-will, contumacy, perversity ; per- vica-cy, -city ; in docility. bigotrv, intolerance, dogmatism ; 184, 607. Terg>iversation. — iff. change of -mind, - intention, - purpose; after-thought. tergiversation, recantation ; palin-ode, -ody; renunciation; abjur-ation,-ement; defection &c.{relinquishment) 624 ; going over &c. V. ; apostasy ; retract-ion,-ation ; withdrawal; disavowal &c. {negation) 536 ; revo-cation, -kement ; reversal ; re- pentance &c. 950; redintegratio amoris. V. (I.) I. INDIVIDUAL VOLITION 606->609a. opinia-try, -tiveness ; fixed idea Sec. {pr^udyment) 481 ; fanaticism, zealotry, infatuation, monomania. mule ; opin-ionist, -ionatist, -iator, -ator ; stickler, dogmatist ; bigot ; zealot, enthusiast, fanatic. V. be -obstinate &c. adj. ; stickle, take no denial, fly in the face of facts •, opinionate, be wedded to an opinion, hug a belief; have one's own way &c. ( luill ) 600 ; persist &c. ( persevere ) 6o4rt ; have -, insist on having- the last word. die hard, fight against destiny, not yield an inch, stand out. Adj. obstinate, tenacious, stubborn, obdurate, case-hardened ; inflexible &c. {hard) 323 ; immovable, not to be moved ; inert &c. 172; unchangeable &c. 150; inexorable &c. (determined) 604 ; mulish, obstinate as a mule, pig-headed. dogged ; sullen, sulky ; un-moved, -in- fluenced, -aflected. wilful, self-willed, perverse; res-ty, -tive, -tifl"; pervicacious, wayward, re- fractory, unruly ; head-y, -strong; eiitete; contumacious ; cross-grained. arbitrary, dogmatic, positive, bigoted ; prejudiced &c. 481; prepossessed, infat- uated ; stiff'-backed, -necked, -hearted ; hard-mouthed, hide-bound ; unyielding ; im-pervious, -practicable, -persuasible ; unpersuadable ; in-, un-tractable ; incor- rigible, deaf to advice, impervious to reason ; crotchety &c. 608. Adv. obstinately &c. adj. Plir. non jjossumus ; no surrender. coquetrj^ ; vacillation &c. 605 ; back- sliding. turn-coat, -tippet ; rat, apostate, re- negade ; con-, per-vert ; proselyte, de- serter ; backslider. time-server, -pleaser ; timist. Vicar of Bray, trimmer, ambidexter ; weather- cock &c. {changeable) 149; Janus. V. change one's- mind, - intention, - purpose, - note ; abjure, renounce ; withdraw from &c. (relinquish) 624; wheel -, turn -, veer- round; turn a pirouette ; go over -, pass -, change -, skip- from one side to another ; go to the right about ; box the compass, shift one's ground, go upon another tack. apostatize, change sides, go over, rat ; recant, retract ; revoke ; rescind &:c. {abrogate) 7 ^6 ; recall; forswear, unsay ; come -over, - round- to an opinion. draw in one's horns, eat one's words ; eat -, swallow- the leek ; swerve, flinch, back out of, retrace one's steps, think better of it; come back -, return- to one's first love ; turn over a new leaf &c. (repent) 950. trim, shuffle, play fast and loose, blow hot and cold, coquet, hold with the hare but run with the hounds ; nager entre deux eau.v', wait to see how the -cat jumps, - wind blows. Adj. changeful &c. 149: irresolute &c. 605 ; ductile, slippery as an eel, trimming, ambidextrous, timeserving ; coquetting &c. v. revocatory, reactionary. Phr. ' a change came o'er the spirit of my dream.' 608. Caprice. — Wc caprice, fancy, humour ; whim, -sey, -wham ; crotchet, capriccio, quirk, freak, maggot, fad, vagary, prank, fit, flim- flam, escapade, buutade, wild-goose chase ; capriciousness &c. adj. V. be -capricious &c. adj. ; have a maggot in the brain ; take it into one's head, strain at a gnat and swallow a camel ; blow hot and cold ; play -fast and loose, - fantastic tricks. Adj. capricious; en'atic, eccentric, fitful, hysterical; full of -whims &c. w.; maggoty; inconsistent, fanciful, fantastic, whimsical, crotchety, particular, humoursome, freakish, skittish, wanton, wayward ; contrary ; captious; arbitrary; unconformable &c. 83; penny wise and pound foolish ; fickle &c. {irresolute) 605 ; frivolous, sleeveless, giddy, volatile. Adv. by fits and starts, without rhyme or reason. Phr. nUfuit unquam sic impar sibi ; the deuce is in him. 609. Choice. — w. choice, option ; discretion &:c. {volition) 600 ; pre-option ; alternative ; dilemma, embarras de choix\ 609a. Absence of Choice. — lO". no -, Hobson's- choice ; first come first served; necessity &c. 601; not a 185 609—612. VOLITION. adoption, cooptation ; novation; decision &c. {judgment) 480. election, poll, ballot, vote, voice, suf- frage, plumper, cumulative vote ; plehis- citum, plebiscite, vox popidi ; electioneer- ing- ; voting &c. V. selection, excerption, gleaning, eclecti- cism ; excerpta, gleanings, cuttings, scis- sors and paste; pick &c. (best) 650. preference, prelation ; predilection &c. {desire) 865. V. offer for one's choice, set before ; bold out -, present -, offisr- the alterna- tive ; put to the vote. use -, exercise -, one's- -discretion, - option; adopt, take up, embrace, es- pouse ; choose, elect ; take -, make- one's choice ; make choice of, fix upon. vote, poll, hold up one's hand ; divide. settle ; decide &c. {adjudge) 480 ; list &c. {ivill) 600; make up -one's mind&c. {resolve) 604. select ; pick, - and choose ; pick -, single- out ; cull, glean, winnow ; sift -, separate -, winnow- the chaff from the wheat ; pick up, pitch upon ; pick one's way ; indulge one's fancy. set apart, mark out for; mark &c. 550. prefer ; have -rather, - as lief ; fancy &c. {desire) 865 ; be persuaded &c. 615. take a -decided, - decisive- step ; commit oneself to a course V. (I.) I. ; any, the pin to choose &c. {equality) 27 first that comes. neutrality, indifference; indecision &c. {ij'resolution) 605. V. be -neutral &c. adj.; have no choice ; waive, not vote ; abstain -, re- frain -from voting ; leave undecided ; make a virtue of necessity. Adj. neu-tral, -ter; indifferent; un- decided &c. {irresolute) 605. Adv. either &c. {choice) 609. 610. Rejection.— IT. rejection, repudiation, exclusion ; refusal &c. 764. V. reject ; set -, lay- aside ; give up; decline &c, {refuse) 764; exclude, ex- cept ; pluck, spin ; cast. repudiate, scout, set at naught ; fling -, cast -, throw -, toss- -to the winds, - to the dogs, - overboard, - away ; send to the right about ; disclaim ifcc. {deny) 536 ; discard &c. {eject) 297, {have done with) 678. Adj. rejected &c. v.; reject-aneous, -itious ; not -chosen &c. 609, - to bo thought of ; out of the question. Adv. neither, - the one nor the other; no &c. 536. Phr. non hcec in foedera. cross- the Rubicon ; cast in one's lot with ; take for better or for worse. Adj. optional; discretional &c. {voluntary) 600. eclectic ; choosing &c. v. ; preferential ; chosen &c. v. ; choice &c. {(jood) 648. Adv. optionally «S:c. adj. ; at pleasure &c. {loUT) 600 ; either, - the one or the other ; or ; at the option of; whether or not; once for all; for one's money. by -choice, - preference ; in preference ; rather, before. 611. Predetermination.— N-. pre-meditation, -deliberation, -determin- ation ; foregone conclusion ; parti pris ; resolve, propendency ; intention &c. 620; project &c. 626. V. pre-determine, -meditate, -resolve, -concert ; resolve beforehand. Adj. pre-pense, -meditated &c. v., -designed ; advised, studied, designed, calculated ; aforethought ; intended &c. 620. well-laid, -devised, -weighed ; maturely considered ; cunning. Adv. advisedly &c. adj.; with pre- 186 612. Impulse.— ST. impulse, sud- den thought ; imiiromptu, improvisation ; inspiration, flash, spurt. improvisatoi'e ; creature of impulse. V. flash on the mind. say what comes uppermost ; improvise, extemporize. Adj. extemporaneous, impulsive, inde- liberate ; improvis-ed, -ate, -atory ; un-, unpre-meditated ; improvise; un-prompt- ed, -guided ; natural, unguarded ; spon- taneous &c. {voluntary) 600 ; instinctive &c. 601. Adv. extem-pore, -poraneously; off- V.(I.)i. INDIVIDUAL VOLITION. 611—614. meditation, deliberately, all things con- ! hand, improtnjjtu, a timproviste ; im- sidered, with eves open, in cold blood ; i proviso ; on the spur of the -moment, - intentionally &c. 620. 1 occasion. 614. Desuetude.— xa:. desuetude, disusage ; disuse &c. 678 ; want of -ha- bit, - practice ; inusitation ; newness to ; new brooms. infraction of usage &c. (unconformity) 83 ; non-prevalence ; ' a custom more honoured in the breach than the obser- vance.' V. be -unaccustomed &c. adj. : leave off -, cast off -, break off -, wean one- self of -, violate -, break through -, in- fringe- -a habit, - a custom, - a usage ; disuse &c. 678 ; wear off. Adj. un-accustomed, -used, -wonted, -seasoned, -inured, -habituated, -trained ; new ; green &c. {unskilled) 699 ; un- hackneyed. unusual &c. {unconforinable) 83 ; non- observant ; disused &c. 678. 613. Kabit. — w. habit, -ude ; as- 6ue-tude, -faction ; wont ; run, way. common -, general -, natural -, ordi- nary- -course, - run, - state- of things ; matter of course ; beaten -path, - track, - ground. prescription, custom, use, usage, im- memorial usage, practice; prevalence, observance; conventional -ism, -ity ; mode, fashion, vogue ; etiquette &c. {geii- tility) 852 ; order of the day, cry; con- formity &c. 82. one's old way, old school, veteris ves- tigiafiamm(B ; laudator temporis acti. rule, standing order, precedent, rou- tine ; red-tape, -tapism ; pipe-clay ; rut, groove. cacoethes ; bad -, confirmed -, invete- rate -, intrinsic &c. 5- habit ; addiction, trick. training &c. (education) 537; season- ing, hardening, inurement ; radication ; second nature, acclimatiza- tion ; knack &c. {skill) 698. V, be -wont &c. adj. fall into a custom &c. {conform to) 82 ; tread -, follow- the beaten -track, - path ; stai-e super antiquas vias ; move in a rut, run on in a groove, go round like a horse in a mill, go on in the old jog-trot way. habituate, inure, harden, season, caseharden ; accustom, familiarize; naturalize, acclimatize ; keep one's hand in ; train &c. {educate) $27- get into the -way, - knack- of ; learn &c. 539 ; cling -, adhere- to ; repeat &c. 104 ; acquire -, contract -, fall into- a -habit, - trick ; ad- dict oneself -, take- to. be -habitual &c. adj. ; prevail ; come into use, become a habit, take root : gain -, grow- upon one. Adj. habitual; ac-, customary ; prescriptive; accustomed &c. v.; of -daily, - every day- occurrence ; wonted, usual, general, ordinary, common, frequent, every -day, household, jog-trot; well-trodden, -known ; familiar, vernacular, trite, commonplace, conventional, regu- lar, set, stock, established, stereotyped ; pre-vailing, -valent ; current, received, acknowledged, recognized, accredited ; of course, admitted, understood. conformable &c. 82 ; according to -use, - custom, - routine ; in -vogue, - fashion ; fashionable &c. {genteel) 852. wont ; used -, given -, addicted -, attuned -, habituated &c. v,- to; in the habit of ; habitue ; at home in &c. {skilful) 698 ; seasoned ; im- bued with ; devoted -, wedded- to. hackneyed, fixed, rooted, deep-rooted, ingrafted, permanent, invete- rate, besetting; naturalized; ingrained &c. {intrinsic) 5. Adv. habitually &c. adj. ; always &c. {uniformly) 16. as -usual, - is one's wont, - tliinirs go, - the world gees, - the sparks fly upwards ; more -suo, - solito. 187 613—616. VOLITION. V. (I.) I. as a rule, for the most part ; generally &c. adj. ; most often, - fre- quently. Phr. cela s'entend. 2°. Causes of Volition. 615. motive. — wr. motive, springs of action. reason, ground, call, principle ; main- spring, p)'i7nu7n mobile, key-stone ; the why and the wherefore ; pro and con, reason why ; secret motive, an-iere j^en- see ; intention &c. 620. inducement, consideration ; attraction ; loadstone ; magnet, -ism, -ic force ; al- lect-ation, -ive ; temptation, enticement, agacerie, allurement, witchery ; bewitch- ment, -ery ; charm ; spell &c. 993 ; fas- cination, blandishment, cajolery ; seduc- tion, -emeut ; honeyed words, voice of the tempter, song of the Sirens ; forbid- den fruit, golden apple. persuasi-bility, -bleness ; attractabi- lity ; impress-, suscept-ibility ; softness ; persuas-, attract-iveness ; tantalization. influence, prompting, dictate, instance ; impuls-e, -ion ; incit-ement, -ation ; press, instigation ; provocation &c. {excitation of feeling) 824 ; inspiration ; per-, suasion ; encouragement, advocacy ; ex-, horta- tion ; advice &c. 695 ; solicitation &c. {request^ 765. incentive, stimulus, spur, fillip, whip, goad, rowel, provocative, whet, dram. bribe, lure ; decoy, - duck ; bait, trail of a red herring ; bribery and corrup- tion ; sop, - for Cerberus. prompter, tempter ; seduc-er, -tor ; instigator, firebrand, incendiary ; Siren, Oirce ; agent provocateur. V. induce, move ; draw, - on ; bring in its train, give an -impulse &c. n.- to ; inspire ; put up to, prompt, call up ; at- tract, beckon. stimulate Scq. (excite) 824 ; spirit up, inspirit ; a-, rouse ; animate, incite, | rovoke, instigate, set on, actuate; act -, work -, operate- upon : encourage ; pat -, clap- on the -back, - shoulder. influence, weigh with, bias, sway, incline, dispose, predispose, turn the scale, inoculate ; lead, - by tl:e nose ; have -, exercise- influence- -with, - over, - upon ; go -, come- round one ; turn the head, mag- netize. persuade ; prevail -with, - upon ; overcome, carry; bring -round, - to one's senses ; draw -, win -, gain -, come -, talk- over; procure, enlist, engage ; invite, court. tempt, seduce, overpersuade, entice, allure, captivate, fascinate, be- 188 615a. Absence of motive. — N". absence of motive ; caprice *fec. 608 ; chance &c. {absence of design) 621. V. have no motive ; scruple &c. {be unwillirig) 603. Adj, without rhyme or reason ; aim- less &c. {chance) 621. Adv. out of mere caprice. 616. Dissuasion. — ir. dissua- sion, dehortation, expostulation, remon- strance; deprecation &c. 766. discouragement, damper, wet blanket. cohibition &c. {restraint) 751 ; curb &c. {means of restraint) 752; check &c. {hindrance) 706. reluctance &c. {unwillingness) 603 ; contraindication. V. dissuade, dehort, cry out against, remonstrate, expostulate, warn, contra- indicate. disincline, indispose, shake, stagger; dispirit ; dis-courage, -hearten, -enchant ; deter ; hold-, keep- back, &c. {restrain) 751; render -averse &c. 603; repel; turn aside &c. (deviation) 279 ; wean from ; act as a drag &c. (hinder) 706 ; throw cold water on, damp, cool, chill, blunt, calm, quiet, quench ; deprecate &c. 766. Adj. dissuading &c. v.; dissuasive; dehortatory, expostulatory ; monit-ive, -ory. dissuaded &c. v. ; uninduced &c. (in- duce &c. 615) ; unpersuadable &c. (ob- stinate) 606 ; averse &c. (umvilling) 603 ; repugnant &c. (dislike) 867. V. (I.) I. INDIVIDUAL VOLITION. 615—619. ■witch, carry away, charm, conciliate, wheedle, coax, lure ; inveigle ; tantalize; cajole &c. {deceive) 545. tamper with, bribe, suborn, grease the palm, bait with a silver hook, gild the pill, make things pleasant, put a sop into the pan, throw a sop to, bait the hook. enforce, force ; impel &c. {push) 276 ; propel &c. 284 ; whip, lash, goad, spur, prick, urge ; q^^ -, hound -, hurry- on ; drag &c. 285 ; exhort ; advise &c. 695 ; call upon &c., press Szc. {request) 765 ; ad- Tocate. set -an example, - the fashion ; keep in countenance. be -persuaded SiC. ; yield to temptation, come round ; concede &c. {consent) 762 ; obey a call ; follow -advice, - the bent, - the dictates of; act on principle. Adj. impulsive, motive ; suas-, persuas-, hortat-ive, -ory ; protrep- tical ; inviting, tempting, &c. v. ; seductive, attractive ; fascinating &c. {pleasing) 829 ; provocative &c. {exciting) 824. induced &c. v. ; disposed ; persuadable &c. {docile) 602 ; spell- bound ; instinct -, smitten- with ; inspired &c. v.- by. Adv. because, therefore, &c. {cause) 155 ; from -this, - that- mo- tive ; for -this, - that- reason ; for ; by reason -, for the sake -, on the score -, on account- of ; out of, from, as, forasmuch as. for all the world ; on principle. 617. [Ostensible motive, ground, or reason assigned.] Plea. — M". plea, pretext ; allegation, advocation ; ostensible -motive, - ground, - reason; excuse &c. {vindication) 937; colour; gloss, guise, loop-, starting-hole ; how to creep out of, salvo, come off. handle, peg to hang on, room, locus standi] stalking-horse, cheval de hataiUe, cue. pretence kc. {untruth) 546 ; put oft', dust thrown in the eyes ; blind ; moonshine ; mere -, shallow- pretext ; lame -excuse, - apology ; tub to a whale ; false plea, sour grapes ; makeshift, shift, white lie ; special pleading &c. {sophistry) 477 ; soft sawder &c. {jiattery) 933. V. plead, allege ; shelter oneself under the plea of; excuse &c. {vindi- cate) 937 ; lend a colour to ; furnish a -handle &c. n. ; make a -pretext, - handle- of ; use as a -plea &:c. n. ; take one's stand upon, make capital out of; pretend kc. {lie) 544. Adj. ostensible &c. {manifest) 525; alleged, apologetic; pretended &c. 545. the plea, - the pretence- of. 3°. Objects of Volition. 618. Good.— XT. good, benefit, ad- vantage ; improvement &c. 658 ; in- terest, service, behoof, behalf ; weal ; main chance, s^umnum bonum, common weal ; ' consummation devoutly to be wished ' ; gain, boot ; profit, harvest. boon &c. {gift) 784; good turn; bless- ing; world of good; piece of good -luck, - fortune ; nuts, prize, windfall, god- send, waif, treasure trove. good fortune &c. {prosperity) 734; happiness &c. 827. I 619. Evil. — W. evil, ill, harm, hm-t, I mischief, nuisance ; machinations of the i devil. Pandora's box, ills that flesh is I heir to. blow, buffet, stroke, scratch, bruise, wound, gash, mutilation ; mortal -blow, : - wound ; immedicabile vulnus ; damage, i loss, &c. (deterioration) 659. j disadvantage, prejudice, drawback. I disaster, accident, casualty; mishap I »S:c. {misfortune) 735 ; bad job, devil to i pav; calamity,bale,catastrophe,tragedy; 189 618—621. VOLITION. V. (I.) n. [Source of good] goodness &c. 648 ; utility &c. 644 ; remedy &c. 662 ; plea- sure-giving, &c. 829. Adj. commendable &c. 931 ; useful &c. 644; good &c., beneficial &c., 648. Adv. well, aright, satisfactorily, fa- vourably, not amiss; all for the best; to one's -advantage &c. n. ; in one's -favour, - interest &c. n. Phr. so far so good. Adv. amiss, wrong, ill, to ruin &c. (destruction) 162; adversity &c. 735. mental suffering &c. 828. [Evil spirit] demon &c. 980. [Cause of evil] bane Sec. 663. [Production of evil] badness &c. 649 ; painfulness &c. 830 ; evil doer &c. 913. outrage, wrong, injury, foul play; bad -, ill- turn ; disservice ; spoliation &c. 791 ; grievance, crying evil. V. be in trouble &c. {adversity) 735. Adj. disastrous, bad, &c. 649; awry, out of joint, one's cost. Section II. Prospective Volition.* 1°. Conceptioncd Volition. 620. Intention. — M". intent, -ion, -ionality ; purpose ; quo animo ; project &c. 626 ; undertaking &c. 676 ; prede- termination &c. 61 1 ; design, ambition. contemplation, mind, animus, view, purview, proposal ; study ; look out. final cause ; raison dJetrc ; cui bono ; object, aim, end ; ' the be all and the end all ' ; drift &c. {meaning) 516 ; ten- dency &c. 1 76 ; destination, mark, point, butt, goal, target, bull's-eye, quintain ; prey, quarry, game. decision, determination, resolve ; set -, settled- purpose ; ultimatum ; resolution &c. 604 ; wish &c. 865 ; arriere pensee ; motive &c. 615. [Study of final causes] Teleology. V. intend, purpose, design, mean ; have to ; propose to oneself ; harbour a design ; have in -view, - contemplation, - one's eye, - petto ; have an eye to. bid -, labour- for ; be -, aspire -, en- deavour- after; be -, aim -, drive -, point -, level -, aspire- at ; take aim ; set before oneself ; study to. take upon oneself &c. {undertake) 676; take into one's head ; meditate, contem- plate ; think -, dream -, talk- of ; pre- meditate &c. 61 1; compass, calculate; dest-ine, -inate ; propose. project &c. {^jlan) 626 ; have a mind to &c. {be tvillinf/) 602 ; desire &c. 865 ; pursue &c. 622. Adj. intended &c. v.; intentional, advised, express, determinate ; prepense 621. [Absence of purpose in the succession of events.] Chance. t — W. chance &c. 1 56 ; lot, fate, &c. {necessity) 601 ; luck ; good luck &c. {good) 618. speculation, venture, stake, game of chance ; mere -, random- shot ; blind bargain, leap in the dark ; pig in a poke &c. {uncertainty) 475 ; fluke, pot-luck. dravdng lots ; sorti-legy, -tion ; sortes, - VirgiliancB ; j'ouge et noir, hazard, roulette, pitch and toss, chuck-farthing, cup-tossing, heads or tails, cross and pile, wager ; bet, -ting ; gambling ; the turf. gaming-, gambling-, betting - house ; hell ; betting ring ; dice, - box ; dicer ; gam-bler, -ester ; man of the turf ; ad- venturer. V. chance &c. {hap) 156; stand a chande &c. {be possible) 470. toss up ; cast -, draw- lots ; leave -, trust- -to chance, - to the chapter of accidents ; tempt fortune ; chance it, take one's chance ; run -, incur -, en- counter- the -risk, - chance ; stand the hazard of the die. speculate, try one's luck, set on a cast, rafllie, put into a lottery, buy a pig in a poke, shuffle the cards. risk, venture, hazard, stake ; lay, - a wager ; make a bet, wager, bet, gamble, game, play for ; play at chuck-farthing. Adj. fortuitous &c. 156; uninten- tional, -ded ; accidental ; not meant ; un-designed, -purposed ; unpremeditated &c. 612 ; never thought of. * That is, volition having reference to a future object. f See note on 156. 190 V. (I.) II. CONOEPTIONAL VOLITION. 620--623. &c. 6ii; bound for; intending &c. v.; minded ; bent upon &c. {eai-nest) 604 ; at stake ; on the -anvil, - tapis ; in -view, - prospect, - the breast of; in petto; teleological. Adv. intentionally &c. «(//.; advisedly, wittingly, knowingly, designedly, pur- posely, on purpose, by design, studiously, pointedly ; with -intent &c. n. ; delibe- rately &c. {imth premeditation) 6ll; with one's eyes open, in cold blood. for ; with -a view, - an eye- to ; in order -to, - that ; to the end -, with the intent- that ; for the pur- pose -, with the view -, in contemplation -, on account- of. in pursuance of, pursuant to ; quo animo ; to all intent3 and pur- indiscriminate, promiscuous ; undi- rected, random; aim-, drift-, design-, purpose-, cause-less ; without purpose. possible &c. 470. Adv. casually &c. 156; unintention- ally &c. adj. ; unwittingly. en passant, by the way, incidentally; as it may happen ; at -random, - a ven- ture, - haphazard. 622. [Purpose in action.] Pur- suit. — X. pursuit ; pursuing &c. v. ; prosecution ; pursuance ; enterprise &c. {undertaking) 676; business &c. 625; adventure &c. {essay) 675 ; quest &c. {search) 461 ; scramble, hue and cry, game ; hobby. chase, hunt, battue, race, steeple-chase, hunting, coursing ; ven-ation, -ery ; fox- chase ; sport, -ing ; shooting, angling, fishing, hawking. pursuer ; hunt-er, -sman ; sportsman, Nimrod ; hound &c. 366. V. pursue, prosecute, follow ; run -, make -, be -, hunt -, prowl- after; shadow ; carry on &c. {do) 680 ; engage in &c. {undertake) 676 ; set about &c. (begin) 66 ; endeavour &c. 675 ; court &c. {request) 765 ; seek &c. {search) 461 ; aim at &c. {intention) 620 ; follow the trail &c. {trace) 461 ; fish for &c. (e.r- periment) 463 ; press on &c. {haste) 684 ; run a race &c. {velocity) 274. chase, give chase, course, dog, hunt, hound ; tread -, follow- on the heels of, kc. {sequence) 281. rush upon ; rush headlong &c. {vio- lence) 173 ; ride -, run- full tilt at ; make a leap -, jump -, snatch- at ; run down ; start game. tread a path ; take -, hold- a course ; shape -, direct -, bend- one's -steps, - course ; play a game ; fight -, elbow- one's way ; follow up ; take -to, - up ; go in for ; ride one's hobby. Adj. pursuing &c. v.; in quest of &c. {inquiry) 461 ; in -pursuit, - full cry, - hot pursuit ; on the scent. 623. [Absence of pursuit.] Avoid- ance. — MT. abst-ention, -iuence ; for- bearance ; refraining &c. v. ; inaction &c. 68 1 ; neutrality. avoidance, evasion, elusion ; seclusion &c. 893. _ avolation, flight; escape «&c. 671 ; re- treat &c. 287; recoil kc. 277; depar- ture &c. 293; rejection kc. 610. shirker &c. v. ; truant ; fugitive, re- fugee ; runa-way, -gate. V. abstain, refrain, spare, not at- tempt; not do (fee. 681 ; maintain the oven tenour of one's way. eschew, keep from, let alone, have nothing to do with ; keep -, stand -, hold- -aloof, - ofi"; take no part in, have no hand in. avoid, shun ; steer -, keep- clear of; fight shy of; keep -one's, - at a respect- ful- distance ; keep -, ^ei- out of the way ; evade, elude, turn away from ; set one's face against &c. {opjjose) 708; deny oneself shrink ; hang -, hold -, draw- back ; recoil &c. 277; retire &c. {recede) 287; flinch, blinlv, blench, shy, shirk, dodge, parry, make way for, give place to. beat a retreat ; turn -tail, - one's back ; take to one's heels ; run, -away, - for one's life ; cut and run ; be off", - like a shot ; fly, flee ; fly -, fit e -, run away- from ; take -, take to- flight ; desert. elope ; make -, scamper ■ - sheer- off*; break - oneself -, slip -, slink -, sneak -,shuflEle , burst -, tear -, steal- -away. - away from ; slip cable, part company, turn on one s heel ; sneak out of, play J91 ezz—ezs. volition. v. (L) n. Adv. in pursuance of &c. (intention) 620; after. Int. tally-ho ! yoicks ! so-ho ! truant, give one the go by, give leg bail, take French leave, slope, decamp, flit, bolt, abscond, levant, skedaddle, ab-. squatulate, cut one's stick, walk one's chalks, show a light pair of heels, make oneself scarce ; escape &c. 67 1 ; go away &c. (depart) 293; abandon &c. 624; reject &c. 610. lead one a -dance, - pretty dance ; throw off the scent, play at hide and seek. Adj. unsought, unattempted; avoiding &c. i?. ; neutral; shy of &c. (unwitting) 603 ; elusive, evasive ; fugitive, runaway ; shy, wild. Adj. lest, in order to avoid. Int. forbear ! keep -, hands- off ! sauve qui pent ! devil take the hindmost ! 624. Relinquishment. — w. relinquish-, abandon-ment ; deser- tion, defection, secession, withdrawal ; cave of Adullam. discontinuance &c. (cessation) 142; renunciation &c. (7'ecantation) 607 ; abrogation &c. 756; resignation &c. (retirement) 757; desuetude &c. 614; cession &c. (of 2'>roperty) 782. V. relinquish, give up, abandon, desert, forsake, leave in the lurch ; depart -, secede -, withdraw- from ; back out of; leave, quit, take leave of, bid a long farewell ; vacate &c. (resign^ 757. renounce &c. (abjure) 607 ; forego, have done with, drop : disuse &c. 678 ; discard &c. 782 ; wash one's hands of; drop all idea of. break-, leave- off; desist; stop &c. (cease) 142; hold-, stay- one's hand ; quit one's hold ; give over, shut up shop. throw up the -game, - cards ; give up the -point, - argument ; pass to the order of the day, move the previous question. Adj. unpursued; relinquished &c. v.; relinquishing &c. v. Int. avast &c. ! (stop) 142. 625. Business. — wr. business, occupation, employment; pursuit &c. 622; what one is -doing, - about; affair, concern, matter, case. matter in hand, irons in the fire ; thing to do, agendum, task, work, job, errand, commission, mission, charge, care ; duty &c. 926. part, role, cue; province, function, look-out, department, capacity, sphere, orb, field, line ; walk, - of life ; beat, round, routine ; race, career. office, place, post, incumbency, living ; situation, berth, employ ; &ev- Yice &c. (sei'vitude) 74.g; engagement; undertaking &c. 676. vocation, calling, profession, cloth, faculty ; industry, art ; industrial arts ; craft, mystery, handicraft ; trade &c. (commerce) 794. exercise ; work &c. (action) 680 ; avocation ; press of business &c. (ac- tivity) 682. V. pass -, employ -, spend- one's time in ; employ oneself -in, - upon \ occupy -, concern- oneself with ; make it one's -business &c. n. ; under- take &c. 676 ; enter a profession ; betake oneself to, turn one's hand to ; have to do with&c. (do) 680. drive a trade ; carry on -, do -, transact- -business, - a trade &c. n. ; keep a shop ; ply one's -task, - trade ; labour in one's vocation ; pursue the even tenour of one's way ; attend to -business, - one's work. officiate, serve, act ; act -, play- one's part ; do duty ; serve -, dis- charge -, perform- the -office, - duties, - functions- of; hold -, fill- -an office, - a place, - a situation ; hold a portfolio. be -about, - doing, - engaged in, - employed in, -occupied with, — 192 V. (I ) ir. CONOEPTIONAL VOLITION. 625—627. at work on ; have one's hands in, have in hand ; have on one's -hands, - shoulders ; bear the burden ; have one's hands full &c. {activity) 682. be -in the hands of, - on the stocks, - on the anvil; pass through one's hands. Adj. business-like; work-a-day; professional; official, functional; busy &c. {actively employed) 682; on -, in- -hand, - one's hands; afoot; on -foot, - the anvil; going on; acting. Adv. in the course of business, all in one's day's work ; professionally &c. adj. ^ C2,€, Plan. — W. plan, scheme, design, project ; propos-al, -ition ; suggestion; resolution, motion; precaution &c. {pi'ovision) 673; deep- laid Sec. {premeditated) 61 1- plan X'c. system Sec. {order) 58; organization &c. {arranyement) 60; germ kc. (cause) 153. sketch, skeleton, outline, draught, draft, ehauche, h'ouiUoii) rough -cast, - draft, - draught, - copy ; copy ; proof, revise. forecast, programme, prospectus; carte du pays\ card; bill, protocol; order of the day, list of agenda ; bill of fare &c. {food) 298 ; base of operations ; platform. rule ; policy &c. {line of conduct) 692. contrivance, invention, expedient, receipt, nostrum, artifice, device ; stratagem &c. {cunyiing) 702 ; trick &c. {deception) 545 ; alternative, loop- hole ; shift &c. {substitute) 147; last shift &c. {necessity) 601. measure, step ; stroke, - of policy ; master stroke ; trump-, court-card ; cheval de hataille^ great gun ; coup, - d''etat ; clever -, bold-, good- -move, - hit, - stroke ; Ijright -thought, - idea. intrigue, cabal, plot, conspiracy, complot, machination ; under-, coun- ter-plot. schem-ist, -atist ; strategist, machinator ; projector, artist, promoter, designer &c. v. ; conspirator ; intrigant &c. {cunning) 702. V. plan, scheme, design, frame, contrive, project, forecast, sketch ; devise, invent Sec. {iinagine) 515 ; set one's wits to work Sec. 515; spring a project; fall -, hit- upon; strike -, chalk -, cut -, lay -, map- out; lay down a plan; shape -, mark- out a course; predetermine &c. 611 ; concert, preconcert, preestablish ; prepare &c. 673: hatch, - a plot ; con- coct ; take -steps, - measures. cast, recast, systematize, organize ; arrange &c. 60; digest, mature. plot ; counter-plot, -mine ; dig a mine ; lay a train ; intrigue &c. {cun- ning) 702. Adj. planned &c. v.; strategic, -al ; planning &c. v. ; in course of pre- paration &c. 673 ; under consideration ; onth.^ -tapis, - coi^Qt. €Z7. method. [Path.] — m. method, way, manner, wise, gait, form, mode, fashion, tone, guise; modus operandi; procedure &c. {line of con- duct) 692. path, road, route, course; line of -way, - road; trajectory, orbit, track, beat, tack. steps; stair, -case; flight of stairs, ladder, stile. bridge, viaduct, pontoon, stepping stone, plank, gangway ; drawbridge ; pass, ford, ferry, tunnel ; pipe Sec. 260. door; gateway &c. {opening) 260; channel, passage, avenue, means of access, approach, adit ; artery, lane, alley, aisle, lobby, corridor ; back- door, -stairs ; secret passage ; covert-way. road-, path-, stair-way ; thoroughfare ; highway ; turnpike -, royal -, coach- road ; broad -, King's -, Queen's- highway ; beaten -track, - 193 627—631. VOLITION. V. (T.) u. path ; liorse -, bridle- road, - track, - path ; walk, trottoir, foot-path, pavement, flags, side-walk ; by -, cross- -road, - path, - way ; cut ; short -cut &c. {mid-course) 628 ; carrefour ; private -, occupation- road ; highways and byways ; rail-, tram-road, -way ; causeway ; canal &c. {conduit) 350; street &c. {abode) 189. Adv. how ; in what -way, - manner ; by what mode ; so, in this way, after this fashion. one way or another, anyhow ; somehow or other &c. {instrumentality) 631 ; by way of; via ; in transitu &c. 270; on the high road to. Plir. hc& tihi erunt artes. 628. Mid-course,— w. middle-, mid-course ; mean &c. 29 ; middle &c. 68; juste milieu, mezzo termine, golden mean, apLorrov fxerpop, aurea mediocri- tas. straight &c. {direct) 278 -course, - path ; short -, cross- cut ; great circle Bailing. neutrality : half -, half and half- measures ; compromise. V. keep in -a middle, - an even- course; go straight &c. {direct) 278. go half way, compromise, make a compromise. Adj. straight &c. {direct) 278. 629. Circuit. — ir. about way, digression, detour, circum- bendibus, ambages, loop ; winding &c. {circuition) 311; zigzag &c. {deviation) 279. V. perform a circuit ; go -round about, - out of one's way; make a detour; meander &c. {deviate) 279, lead a pretty dance ; beat about, - the bush ; make two bites of a cherry. Adj. circuitous, indirect, roundabout j zig-zag &c. {deviating) 279. Adv. by -a side wind, - an indirect course; in a roundabout way; from pillar to post. 630. Requirement. — W. requirement, need, wants, necessities ; necessaries, - of life; stress, exigency, pinch, sine qua non, matter of necessity; case of -need, - life or death. needfulness, essentiality, necessity, indispensability, urgency. requisition &c. {request) 765, {exaction) 741; run upon; demand -, call- for. desideratum &c. {desire) 865 ; want &c. {deficiency) 640. V. require, need, want, have occasion for ; not be able to -do without, - dispense with ; prerequire. render necessary, necessitate, create a necessity for, call for, put in requisition; make a requisition &c. {ask for) 765, {demand) 741. stand in need of; lack &c. 640; desiderate ; desire &c. 865 ; be -neces- sary &c. adj. Adj. required &c. v. ; requisite, needful, necessary, imperative, essen- tial, indispensable, prerequisite ; called for ; in -demand, - request. urgent, exigent, pressing, instant, crying, absorbing. in want of ; destitute of &c. 640. Adv. ex necessitate rei &c. {necessarily) 601; of necessity. Phr. there is no time to lose ; it cannot be -spared, - dispensed with, 2° Subservience to Ends. I. Actual Sidjservience. 631.- Xnstrumentality.— ST. instrumentality: aid &c. 707 ; sub- servien-ce, -cy ; mediation, intervention; medium, intermedium, vehicle, hand ; agency &c. 170. minister, handmaid ; midwife, accoucheur, obstetrician ; go-between ; cat's paw ; stepping-stone. key ; master -, pass -, latch- key ; ' open sesame ' ; passport, passe- partout, safe-conduct. 194 V. (I.) II. SUBSERVIENCE TO ENDS. 631—636. instrument &c. 633 ; expedient &c. {plan) 626 ; means &c. 632. V. subserve, minister, mediate, intervene 5 be -instrumental &c. adj. ; pander to. Adj. instrumental ; useful &c. 644 ; ministerial, subservient, media- torial ; inter-mediate, -vening. Adv. through, by, pe7' ; where-, there-, here-by ; by the -agency &c. 170- of; by dint of; by-, in- virtue of; through the -medium &c. n.- of ; along with ; on the shoulders of : by means of &c. 632 ; by -, with- -the aid &c. (assistance) 707- of. jtei' fas et nefas, by fair means or foul ; somehow, - or other ; by hook or by crook. 632. means. — W. means, resources, wherewithal, ways and means ; capital kc. {money) 800 ; stock in trade &c. 636 ; provision &c. 637 ; a shot in the locker ; appliances &c. {machinery) 633 ; means and appliances ; conveniences ; cards to play; expedients &c. {measwes) 626; two strings to one's bow ; sheet anchor &c. {safety) 666 ; aid &c. 707 ; medium &c. 631. V. find -, have-, possess- means &c. n. Adj. instrumental &c. 631 ; mechanical &c. 633. Adv. by means of, with ; by -what, - all, - any, - some- means ; where-, here-, there-with ; wherewithal. how &c. {in what manner) 627 ; through &c. {by the instrumentality of) 63 1 ; with -, by- the aid &c. {assistance) 707- of ; by the -agency &c. 170- of. 633. Instrument. — W. machinery, mechanism, engineering, instrument, organ, tool, implement, utensil, machine, engine, lathe, gin, mill. gear ; tack-le, -ling ; rigging, apparatus, appliances ; plant, materiel ; harness, trappings, liftings, accoutrements ; eqiiip-ment, -age ; appoint- ments, furniture, upholstery; chattels ; paraphernalia &c. {belongings) 780. mechanical powers ; lever, -age ; mechanical advantage ; crow, -bar ; handspike, gavelock, jemmy, arm, limb, wing ; oar, paddle ; pulley ; wheel and axle ; wheel-, clock-work ; wheels within wheels ; pinion, crank, winch ; cam ; pedal ; capstan &c. {lift) 307 ; wheel &c. {rotation) 312; inclined plane ; wedge; screw; spring, mainspring. handle, hilt, haft, shaft, heft, shank, blade, trigger, tiller, helm, treadle, key ; turn screw, screwdriver. hammer &c. {impvlse) 276 ; edge tool tfec. {cut) 253 ; borer &c. 262; vice, teeth, &c. {hold) 781 ; nail, rope, &c. {join) 45 ; peg &c. {hang) 214; support &c. 215 ; spoon &c. {vehicle) 272 ; arms &c. 727 ; oar &c. {navi- gation) 267. Adj. instrumental &c. 631 ; mechanical, machinal ; brachial. 634. Substitute.— X. substitute &c. 147 ; deputy &c. 759. 635. materials. — M". material, raw material, stuff, stock, staple ; bricks and mortar ; metal; stone; clay, brick; crockery &c. 384; compo, -sition ; concrete ; cement ; wood, ore, timber. materials; supplies, munition, fuel, grist, household stuff; pabulum &c. {food) 298 ; ammunition &c. {a7-ms) 727 ; contingents ; relay, rein- forcement; baggage &c. {personal jjroperty) 7S0 ; means &c. 632. Adj. raw &c. (unp-epared) 674 ; wooden &c. n. 636. Store. — iff. stock, fund, mine, vein, lode, quarry; spring; fount, -ain ; well, -spring ; milch-cow. 195 2 636—640. VOLITION. V. (i.) II. stock in trade, supply ; heap &c. {collection) 72 ; treasure ; reserve, corps de reserve, reserved fund, nest-egg, savings, honne houche. crop, harvest, mow, vintage, store, accumulation, hoard, rick, stack; lumber; relay &c. {p?'ovtsto7i) ^37- store-house, -room, -closet ; depository, depot, cache, re-pository, -ser- vatory, -pertory ; repertorium ; promptuary, v^arehouse, entrepot, maga- zine ; buttery, larder, spence ; garner, granary ; thesaurus ; bank &c. {treasury) 802 ; arm-ory, -oury ; arsenal ; dock ; gallery, museum, con- servatory ; menag-ery, -erie. reservoir, cistern, tank, pond, mill-pond ; gasometer. budget, quiver, portfolio; coffer &c. {receptacle) 191. conservation ; storing &c. v. ; storage. V. store ; put -, lay -, set- by ; stow away ; set -, lay- apart ; store -, hoard -, treasure -, lay -, heap -, put -, garner -, sav^- up ; accumu- late, amass, hoard, fund, garner, save. reserve ; keep -, hold- back ; husband, - one's resources. deposit ; stow, stack, load ; harvest ; heap, collect, &c. 72 ; lay -in store &c. adj. ; keep, file [papers] ; lay in &c. {provide) 637 ; preserve &c. 670. Adj. stored &c. r. ; in -store, - reserve, - ordinary ; spare, super- numerary. 637. Provision.— wr. provision, supply ; grist, - to the mill ; subvention &c. {aid) y 07 ; resources &c. {means) 632. providing &c. v. ; purveyance ; rein- forcement ; commissariat. provender &c. {food) 298 ; viaticu7n. caterer, purveyor, commissary, quar- termaster, feeder, batman, victualler, grocer, comprador, restaurateur ; jackal, pelican; sutler &c. {merchant) 797. V. provide ; make -provision, - due provision for ; lay in, - a stock, - a store. sup-ply, -peditate ; furnish ; find, - one in ; arm. cater, victual, provision, purvey, for- age ; beat up for ; stock, - with ; make good, replenish ; fill, - up ; recruit, feed. have in -store, - reserve ; keep, - by one, - on foot ; have to fall back upon ; store &c. 636 ; provide against a rainy day &c. {economy) 817. I wasteful &c. {prodigal) 818 I Phr. magno conatu inagnas 639. Sufficiency .-XT. sufficiency, adequacy, enough, withal, quantum suf- Jicit, satisfaction, competence ; no less. mediocrity &c. {average?} 29. fill; fulness &c. {completeness) 52; plen-itude, -ty ; abundance ; copiousness &c. adj. ; amplitude, galore, lots, profu- 196 638. Waste. — M". consumption expenditure, exhaustion ; dispersion &c 73; ebb; leakage &c. {exudation) 295 loss &c. 776 ; wear and tear ; waste prodigality &c. 818; misuse &c. 679 wasting &c. v. ; rubbish &c. {useless) 645. mountain in labour. V. spend, expend, use, consume, swal- low up, exhaust ; impoverish ; spill, drain, empty ; disperse &c. y^- cast -, throw -, fiing -, fritter- away; burn the candle at both ends, waste ; squander &c. 818. ^ waste its sweetness on the desert air'; cast -one's bread upon the waters, - pearls before swine ; employ a steam en- gine to crack a nut, waste powder and shot, break a butterfly on a wheel; labpur in vain &c. {useless) 645 ; cut blocks with a razor, pour water into a sieve. leak &c. {run out) 295 ; run to waste ; ebb ; melt away, run dry, dry up. Adj. wasted &c. v. ; at a low ebb. ; penny wise and pound foolish. nugas; lejeu ne vaut pas la chandelle. 640. Insufficiency.— zr. insuf- ficiency ; inadequa-cy, -teness ; incom- petence &c. (wj^jo^ence) 158; deficiency &c. {incompleteness) 53 ; imperfection &c. 651; shortcoming &c. 304; paucity; stint; scantiness &c. {smcdlness) 32; none to spare ; bare subsistence. V. (I.) II. SUBSERVIENCE TO ENDS. 639— 6«1. sion ; fiill measure ; ' good measure press- ed down and running over.' luxuriance Sec. {fei-tility) i68; afflu- ence &c, (icealt/i) 803 ; fat of the land ; 'sL land flowing with milk and honey'; cornucopia ; horn of -plenty, - Amal- thsea ; mine &c. {stock) 636. outpouring : flood Sec. {great quantitrf) 31; tide &c. {river) 348; repletion &c. {redundance) 641 ; satiety Szc. 869. V. be -sufficient &c. adj. ; suffice, do. just do, satisfy, pass muster; have -e- nough &c. n. ; eat -, drink -, have- one's fill ; roll -, swim- in ; wallow in &c. {suj^er abundance) 641. abound, exuberate, teem, flow, stream, rain, shower down ; pour, - in ; swarm ; bristle with. render -sufficient &c. adj. ; replenisb &c. (///) 52. Adj. sufficient, enough, adequate, up to the mark, commensurate, competent, satisfactory, valid, tangible. measured; moderate &c. {tempei'ote) 953- full &c. {complete) 5 2 ; ample ; plen- ty, -tifiil, -teous; plenty as blackberries; copious, abundant; aboimding &c. i'. ; replete, enough and to spare, flush ; choke-full; well-stocked, -provided; li- beral; unstint-ed, -ing : stintless; with- out stint ; un-spariug, -measured ; lavish &c. 641 ; wholesale. rich; luxuriant Sec. {foiile) 168; af- fluent &c. {icealthy) 803 ; wantless ; big with &c. {pregnant) 161. un-exhausted, -wasted ; exhaustless, inexhaustible. Adv. sufficiently, amply, &c. adj. ; full ; in -abundance Sec. n. ; with no spa- ring hand : to one's heart's content, ad libitum, without stint. Phr. cut and come again. Adv. insufficiently &c. adj, scarcity, dearth ; want, need, lack, po- verty, exigency ; inanition, starvation, famine, drought. dole, pittance ; short -allowance, - commons ; half-rations ; banyan day. emptiness, poorness, &c. adj. ; deple- tion, vacancy, flaccidity ; ebb-tide : low water ; ^ a beggarly account of empty boxes ' ; indigence &c. {jjovertg) 804'; insolvency &c. {non-pay inent) 808. V. be -insufficient &c. adj. ; not -suffice &c. 639; come short of Sec. 304 ; run dry. want, lack, need, require; caret \ be in want &.c. {poor) 804; live from hand to mouth. render -insufficient &c. adj. ; drain of resources ; impoverish &c. {ivaste) 638 ; stint &c. {begrudge) 819; put on short allowance. do -insufficiently Sec. ado. ; scotch the snake. Adj. insufficient, inadequate; too -little Sec. 32 ; not -enough &c. 639 ; unequal to; incompetent Sec. {impotent) 158; ' weighed in the balance and found want- ing'; perfunctory &c. (we^/ec^) 460; de- ficient &c. {incomplete) 53; wantiog &c. V. ; imperfect &c. 65 1 ; ill-furnished, -provided, -stored, -off. slack, at a low ebb ; empty, vacant, bare ; short -, out -, destitute -, devoid -, bereft Sec. 789 -, denuded- of; dry, drained. un- provided, -supphed, -furnished; un-replenished, -fed ; un-stored, -trea- sured ; empty-handed. meagre, poor, thin, scrimp, sparing, spare, stinted ; starv-ed, -eling ; half- starved, famine-stricken, famished ; je- june. scant (fee. {small) 32 ; scarce ; not to be had, - for love or money, - at any price ; scurvy ; stingy Sec. 819 ; at the end of one's tether ; without -resources &c. 632 ; in want &c. {poor) 804 ; in debt &c. 806. ; in default -, for want- of ; failing. 641. Redundance. — la". redundance ; too -much, - many ; super- abundance, -fluity, -fluence, -saturation ; nimiety, transcendency, exuljer- ance, profuseness ; profusion &c. {plenty) 639 ; repletion, enough in all conscience, satis sujyerqne, lion's share ; more than -enough &c. 639 ; plethora, engorgement, congestion, load, surfeit, sickener ; turgescence Sec. {expansion) 194; over-dose, -measure, -supply, -flow; inundation &c. {icater) 348 ; avalanche. 197 6^1—643. VOLITION. V. (I.) II. accumulation &c. {store) 636; heap &c. 72; drug, - in the market; glut; crowd; burden. excess ; sur-, over-plus ; margin ; remainder &c. 40 ; duplicate ; sur- plusage, expletive ; work of -, supererogation ; bonus, bonanza. luxury; intemperance &c. 954; extravagance &c. (2)}'odigaUti/) SiS; exorbitance, lavishment. pleonasm &c. {diffuseness) ^73 J too many irons in the fire ; embarras de richesses. V. super-, over-abound ; know no bounds, swarm ; meet one at every turn ; creep -, bristle- with ; overflow ; run -, flow -, well -, brim- over; run riot; over-run, -stock, -lay, -charge, -dose, -feed, -burden, -load, -do, -whelm, -shoot the mark &c. {go beyond) 303 ; surcharge, su- persaturate, gorge, glut, load, drench, whelm, inundate, deluge, flood ; drug, - the market. choke, cloy, accloy, suffocate ; pile up, lay on thick; impregnate with; lavish &c. {squander) 818. send -, carry- coals to Newcastle, - owls to Athens ; teach one's grandmother to suck eggs; pisces natare docere\ kill the slain, 'gild refined gold,' ' paint the lily ' ; butter one's bread on both sides, put butter upon bacon ; employ a steam-engine to crack a nut &c. {ivaste) 638. exaggerate &c. 549 ; wallow in ; roll in &c. {plenty) 639 ; remain on one's hands, hang heavy on hand, go a begging. Adj. redundant ; too -much, - many ; exuberant, inordinate, su- perabundant, excessive, overmuch, replete, profuse, lavish ; prodigal &c. 818 ; exorbitant; overweening; extravagant; overcharged &c. v. ; supersaturated, drenched, overflowing ; running -over, - to waste, - down. crammed -, filled- to overflowing ; gorged, ready to burst ; dropsical, turgid, plethoric ; obese &c. 194. superfluous, unnecessary, needless, supervacaneous, uncalled for, to spare, in excess ; over and above &c. {remainder) 40 ; de trop ; adsciti- tious &c. {additional) 37 ; supernumerary &c. {reserve) 636 ; on one's hands, spare, duplicate, supererogatory, expletive ; un peufort. Adv. over, too, over and above ; over -, too- much ; too far ; with- out -, beyond -, out of- measure ; with ... to spare ; over head and ears ; up to one's -eyes, - ears ; extra ; beyond the mark &c. {transcursion) 303- Plir. it never rains but it pours. 2. Degree of Suhsei'vience. 642. Importance.— w. import- ance, consequence, moment, prominence, consideration, mark, materialness. import, significance, concern ; empha- sis, interest. gi-eatness &c. 31 ; superiority &c. 33; notability &c. {I'epute) 873 ; weight &c. {influence) 175 ; value &c. {goodness) 648 ; usefulness &c. 644. gravity, seriousness, solemnity; no -joke, - laughing matter ; pressure, ur- gency, stress ; matter of life and death. memorabilia, notabilia, great doings ; red-letter day. great -thing, - point; main chance, 198 643. Vnimportance. — xr. un- importance, insignificance, nothingness, immaterialit3\ triviality, levity, frivolity ; paltriness &c. adj. ; poverty ; smallness &c. 32 ; vanity &c. {uselessness) 645 ; matter of -indifference &c. 866 ; no object. nothing, - to signify, - worth spealv- ing of, - particular, - to boast of, - to speak of; small -, no great -, trifling &c. adj.- matter ; mere -joke, - nothing ; hardly -, scarcely- anything ; nonentity, cipher ; no great shakes, peu de chose ; child's play. toy, plaything, popgun, paper pellet. V. (I.) II. SUBSERVIENCE TO ENDS. 642—643. * the be all and the end all,' cardinal point ; substance, gist, &c. (essejice) 5 ; sum and substance, gravamen, head and front ; important -, principal -, promi- nent -, essential- part ; half the battle : sine qua non ; breath of one's nostrils &c. {life) 359 ; cream, salt, core, kernel, heart, nucleus ; key, -note, -stone ; cor- ner stone ; trump-card &c. {device) 626 : salient points. top-saw}'er, first fiddle, prima donna, chief; triton among the minnows. V. be -important &c. adj., - some- body, - something ; import, signify, mat- ter, boot, be an object ; carry weight Sec. {injluence) 175 : make a figure &c. (repute) Sj;^ ; be in the ascendant, come to the front, lead the way, take the lead, play first fiddle, throw all else into the shade; lie at the root of; deserve -, merit -, be worthy of- -notice, - regard, - consideration. attach -, ascribe -, give- importance Sec. n.- to ; value, care for ; set store -upon, - by ; mark Sec. 550 ; mark with a white stone, imderline ; write -, put -, print- in -italics, - capitals, - large let- ters, - large type, - letters of gold ; accentuate, emphasize, lay stress on. make -a fuss, - a stir, - a piece of work, - much ado- about ; make -of, - much of Adj. important : of -importance &c. 71. ; momentous, material ; to the point ; not to be -overlooked, - despised, - sneezed at ; egregious ; weighty &c. {irifluential) 175 ; of note Sec. (re2mte) 873; notable, prominent, salient, signal; memorable, remarkable; worthy of -re- mark, - notice ; never to be forgotten ; stirring, eventful. grave, serious, earnest, noble, grand, solemn, impressive, commanding, impo- sing. urgent, pressing, critical, instant. paramount, essential, vital, all-absorb- ing, radical, cardinal, chief, main, prime, primary, principal, leading, capital, fore- most, overruling; of vital &c. import- ance. in the front rank, first-rate ; superior &c. 33 ; considerable &;c. {great) 31 ; marked &c. v. ; rare &c. 137. significant, telling, trenchant, em- phatic, pregnant ; tanti. Adv. materially &c. adj. ; in the gimcrack, gewgaw, bauble, trinket, haga- telle, kickshaw, knicknack, whim-wham, tritle, ' trifies light as air.' trumpery, trash, rubbish, &i\x?i\fatras, frippery ; ' leather or prunello ' ; chafi*, drug, froth, bubble, smoke, cobweb; weed : refuse &c. {inutility) 645 ; scum &c. {dirt) 653. joke, jest, snap of the fingers; fudge &c. {unmeaning) 517; fiddlesrick, - end ; pack of nonsense, mere farce. straw, pin, fig, button, rush ; bulrush, feather, halfpenny, farthing, brass far- thing, doit, peppercorn, jot, rap, pinch of snuii', old song. minuticc, details, minor details, small fry ; dust in the balance, feather in the scale, drop in the ocean, flea-bite, mole- hill.^ nine days' wonder, ridiadus mus ; flash in the pan &c. {impotence) 158; much ado about nothing &c. {pverestimation) 482. V. be -unimportant &c. adj. ; not -matter Sec. 642; go for -, matter -, signify- -little, - nothing, - little or no- thing ; not matter a -straw &c. n. make light of Sec. {underestimate) 483 ; catch at straws &c. {overestimate) 482. Adj. unimportant ; of -little, - small, - no- -account, - importance &c. 642 ; immaterial; un-, non-essential; indif- ferent. subordinate Sec. {infenor) 34 ; medi- oo'e Sec. {average) 29; passable, fair, re- spectable, tolerable, commonplace ; un- eventful, mere, common ; ordinary &c. {habitual) 613; inconsiderable, so-so, insignificant, inappreciable. trifling, trivial ; slight, slender, light, flimsy, frothy, idle; puerile. Sec. {foolish) 499 ; airy, shallow ; weak &c. 1 60 ; powerless &c. 158; fiivolous, petty, niggling; pid-, ped-dling ; fribble, inane, ridiculous, farcical ; fini-cal, -kin ; fiddle- faddle, fingle-fangle, namby-pamby, wishy-washy, milk and water. poor, paltry, pitiful; contemptible &c. {coiitemj)t) 930 : sorry, mean, meagre, shabby, miserable, w^retched, vile, scrub- by, scrannel, weedy, niggardly, scurvy, * putid, beggarly, worthless, twopenny- halfpenny, cheap, trashy, catchpenny, gimcrack, trumpery. not worth -the pains, - while, - men- tioning, - speaking of, - a thought, - a 199 6«2— 645. VOLITION. V. (I.) n. main ; above all, kut^ ^^oxtjv, par excel- curse, - a straw &c. n. ; beneath -, un- worthy of- -notice, -- regard, - consider- ation ; de land capnnd ; vain &c. {use- less) 645. Adv. slightly &c. adj. ; rather, somewhat, pretty well, tolerably, for aught one cares. Int. no matter ! pish ! tush ! tut ! pshaw ! pugh ! pooh, -pooh ! fudge ! bosh ! humbug ! fiddlestick, - end ! liddlededee ! never mind ! nHmporte ! what -signifies, - matter, - boots it, - of that, -'s the odds ! a fig for! stuff! nonsense! stuff and nonsense ! Phr. mar/no conatu mar/nas nu(/as ; le jeu ne vaut 2>as la cliandelle\ it -matters not, - does not signify ; it is of no -consequence, - im- portance. 644. Utility.— W. utility ; useful- ness &c. «fZ/.; efficacy, efficiency, ade- quacy; service, use, stead, avail; help &c. {aid) 707 ; applicability «fcc. adj. ; subservience &c. {instiiMnentality) 631 ; function &c. (business) 625 ; value; worth &c. (goodness) 648 ; money's worth; pro- ductiveness &c. 168 ; cuibono k.Q,. (inten- tion) 620 ; utilization &c. (use) 677 ; step in the right direction. common weal ; utilitarianism «&c. (philant/tropij) 910. V. be -useful &c. adp ; avail, serve ; subserve &c. (be insti'umental to) 63 1 ; conduce &c. (tend) 176; answer-, serve- -one's turn, - a purpose. act a part &c. (action) 680 ; ])erform -, discharge- -a function &c. 625 ; do -, render- -a service, - good service ; be- stead, stand one in good stead ; be the making of; help &c. 707. bear fruit &c. (produce^ 16 r ; bring grist to the mill ; profit, remunerate ; benefit &c. (do good) 648. find one's -account, - advantage- in ; reap the benefit of &c. (be better for) 658. render useful &c. (wse) d'j'j. Adj. useful; of -use &c. n.\ service- able, proficuous, good for; subservient &c. (instrumental) 631 ; conducive &c. (tending) 176; subsidiary &c. (hcJpirig) 707. advantageous &c. (beneficial) 648 ; pro- fitable, gainful, remunerative, worth one's salt ; valuable ; prolific &c. (pro- ductive) 168. adequate ; ef-ficient, -ficacious ; effect- ive, -ual ; expedient Szc. 646. applicable, available, ready, handy, at hand, tangible ; commodious, adaptable ; of all work. 200 j 645. Inutility. — ST. inutility; I uselessness &c. adj. ; inefficacy, futility ; i inep-,inap-titude ; unsubservience;inade- I quae J Sec. (insii^ciencg) 64.0: inefficiency I &c. (incompetence) 158; unskilfulness I &c. 699 ; disservice ; unfruitfulness &c. I {unproductiveness) 169 ; labour -in vain, - lost, - of Sisyphus ; lost -trouble, - labour ; work of Penelope ; sleeveless errand, wild goose chase, mere farce. tautology &c. (rejjetition) 104 ; super- erogation &c. (redundance) 641. vanitas vanitatum, vanity, inanity, worthlessness, nugacity ; triviality &c. (unimportance) 643. caput mortuum, waste paper, dead letter ; blunt tool. litter, rubbish, lumber, odds and ends, cast-olf clothes ; button-top ; shoddy ; rags, orts, trash, refuse, sweepings, scour- ings, off-scourings, waste, rubble, <:7 ; tute- 209 3. Contingent Subservience. 665. Dangrer. — w. danger, peril, insecurity, jeopardy, risk, hazard, ven- ture, precariousness, slipperiness ; insta- bility &c. 149 ; defence! essu ess &c. adj. exposure &c. (liability) 17 J ; vulner- ability ; vulnerable point, heel of Achilles ; forlorn ^hope &c. (hopelessness) 859P. 664—665. VOLITION. Y. (I.) n. age, custody, safe keeping; preservation &c. 670 ; protection, auspices. safe-conduct, escort, convoy; guard, shield, &c. {defence) 717; guardian an- gel ; tutelary -god, - deity, - saint ; genius loci. protector, guardian ; ward-en, -er ; preserver, custodian, duenna, chapefroUj third person. watch-, ban-dog ; Oerherus ; watch-, police-man ; sentinel, sentry, scout, &c. \xoarnin(J) 668 ; garrison ; guard-ship. [Means of safety] refuge &c., anchor &c. 666 ; precaution &c. {preparation) 673; c\uM&.ntmQ, cordon sanitaire. [Sense of security] confidence &c. 858. V. be -safe &c. adj. ; keep one's head above water, tide over, save one's bacon ; ride out -, weather- the storm ; light upon one's feet; bear a charmed life ; escape &c. 671. make -, render- -safe &c, adj. ; pro- tect ; take care of &c. {care) 459 ; pre- serve &c. 670 ; cover, screen, shelter, shroud, flank, ward ; guard &c. {defend) 717:, secure &c. {7-estrain) 751; in- trench, fence round, &c. {circumscribe) 229 ; house, nestle, ensconce ; t ake charge of. escort, convoy; garrison; watch mount guard, patrol. make assurance double sure &c. {cau- tion) 864; take up a loose thread ; take precautions &c. {prepare for) 673; dou- ble reef topsails, seek safety ; take -, find- shelter &c. 666. Adj. safe, secure, sure ; in -safety, - security; on the safe side ; under the -shield of, - shade of, - wing of, - sha- dow of one's wing ; under -cover, - lock and key ; out of -danger, - the meshes, - harm's way; on sure ground, at an- chor, high and dry, above water ; un- threatened, -molested ; protected &c. v. ; cavendo tutus ; panoplied &c. {defended) 717. snug, seaworthy ; weather-, water-, fire-proof. defensible, tenable, proof against, in- vulnerable ; un-assailable, -attackable ; im-pregnable, -perdible ; inexpugnable. safe and sound &c. {p-eserved) 670 ; harmless ; scathless &c. {perfect) 650 ; unhazjirded; not -dangerous &c. 665. protecting &c. v.; guardian, tutelary; 210 [Dangerous coursej leap in the dark &c. {7-ashness) 863; road to T-mn,facilis descensus Avemi, hair-breadth escape. cause for alarm ; source of danger &c. 667. [Approach of danger] rock -, breakers- ahead : storm brewing ; clouds -in the horizon, - gathering ; warning &c. 668 ; alarm &c. 669. [Sense of danger] apprehension &c. 860. V. be -in danger &c. adj. ; be exposed to -, run into -, incur -, encounter- -danger &c. n. ; run a risk ; lay oneself open to &c. {liability) ijj; lean on -, trust to- a broken reed ; feel the ground sliding from mider one, have to run for it ; have the -chances, - odds- against one. r hang by a thread, totter ; sleep -, stand- on a volcano ; sit on a barrel of gunpowder, live in 'a glass house. bring -, place -, put- in -danger &c. w. ; endanger, expose to danger, imperil; jeopard, -ize ; compromise; sail too near the wind &c. {rash) 863. adventure, risk, hazard, venture, stake, set at hazard ; run the gauntlet &c. {dare) 86 1 ; engage in a forlorn hope. threaten &c. 909- danger; run one hard ; lay a trap for &c. {deceive) 545. Adj. in -danger &c. n.; endangered &c. v.; fraught with danger; danger-, hazard-, peril-, pari-, pericul-ous; un- safe, unprotected, &c. (safe, protect, &c. 664) ; insecure, untrustworthy ; built upon sand, on a sandy basis. defence-, fence-, guard-, harbour-less ; unshielded ; vulnerable, expugnable, ex- posed ; open to &c. {liable) 1 77. aux abois, at bay ; on -the wrong side of the wall, - a lee shore, - the rocks. at stake, in question ; precarious, cri- tical, ticklish ; slip-pery, -py ; hanging by a thread &c. v. ; with a halter round one's, neck ; between -the hammer and the. anvil, - Scylla and Chary bdis, - two fires ; on the -edge, - brink, - verge of a- -precipice, - volcano; in the lion's den, on slippery ground, under fire ; not out of the wood. un-warned, -admonished, -advised ; unprepared &c. 674 ; off one's guard &c. {inexpectant) 508. tottering; un-stable, -steady; shaky, top-heavy, tumble-down, ramshackle, crumbling, Avaterlogged ; help-, guide- less ; in a bad way ; reduced to -, at- V. (I.) II. SUBSERVIENCE TO ENDS. 664— 668r preservative &c. 670; trustworthy &c. 939- Adv. ex abundanti cautdd ; with im- punity. Phr. all's well; salva res est; suave mari magno. I Plir. incidit in I agitur paries dum proximus ardet 666. [Means of safety.] Refug-e. — wr. refuge, sanctuary, retreat, fast- ness ; keep, last resort ; ward ; prison &c. 752 ; asylum, ark, home, refuge for the destitute ; hiding-place &c. (ambush) 530 ; sanctum sanctormn &c. (privacy) 893- roadstead, anchorage ; breakwater, mole, port, haven ; harbour, - of refuge ; sea-port ; pier, jetty, embankment, quay. covert, shelter, screen, lee-wall, wing, shield, umbrella. wall &c. {inclosure) 232 ; fort &c. {defefiice) JiJ. anchor, kedgo ; grap-nel, -pling iron ; sheet anchor, main-stay ; support &c. 215; check &c. 706; ballast. jury-mast ; vent-peg ; safety -valve, - lamp ; lightning conductor. means of escape &c. (escape) 671 ; life-boat, swimming belt, cork jacket ; stone. safeguard &c. (protection) 664. V. seek -, take -, find- refuge &c. n. ; seek throw oneself into the arms of. the last extremity ; trembling in the balance ; nodding to its fall &c. (destruc- tion) 162. threatening &c. 909; ominous, ill- omened; alarming &c. (fear) 860; ex- plosive, adventurous &c. (rash) 863, (hold) 861. Scyllam qui vult vitare Charyhdim ; nam tua res 667. [Soiu-ce of danger.] Pitfall. — M". rocks, reefs, coral reef, sunken rocks, snags ; sands, quicksands, Good- win sands, sandy i'oundation; slippery ground ; breakers, shoals, shallows, banlc, shelf, flat, lee shore, iron-bound coast ; rock -, breakers- ahead. precipice ; maelstrom, volcano ; am- bush &c. 530 ; pitfall, trap-door ; trap &c. (snare) 545. sword of Damocles ; wolf at the door, snake in the grass, death in the pot ; la- tency &c. 526. ugly customer, dangerous person, le chat qui dort ; firebrand, hornet's nest. Pbr. latet unguis in Jiei'bd ; proximus ardet Ucalegon. parachute, plank, stepping- find- safety &c. 664; 668. Wamlng". — W. warning, caution, caveat ; notice &c. (info7'- maticm) 527; premoni-tion, -shment ; prediction &c. 5^1? contrain- dication, lesson, dehortation : admonition, monition ; alarm &c. 669. handwriting on the wall, tekel upharsin, yellow flag ; fog-signal, -horn ; monitor, warning voice, Oapsandra, signs of the times. Mother Gary's chickens, stormy petrel, bird of ill omen, gathering clouds, clouds in the horizon, death-watch. watch-tower, beacon, signal-post ; light-house &c. (indication of locality) 550. sent-inel, -ry ; watch, -man ; watch and ward ; watch-, ban-, house- dog ; patrol, vedette, picket, bivouac, scout, spy, spial ; advanced -, rear- guard. cautiousness &c. 864. V. warn, caution; fore-, pre-warn ; ad-, pre-monish ; give -notice, - warning ; dehort ; menace &e. (threaten) 909 ; put on one's guard ; sound the alarm &c. 669 ; croak. beware, ware ; take -warning, - heed at one's peril ; keep watch and ward &c. (care) 459. Adj. warning &c. v. ; premonitory, monitory, cautionary ; admoni- tory, -tive. 211 p2 668—672. VOLITION. Y. (I.) ii. warned &c. v.; on one's guard &c. {careful) 459, (cautious) 864. Adv. in ten'orern &c. {threat) 909. Int. beware! ware! take care! mind -, take care- what you are about ! mind ! Plir. we reveillez pas le chat qui doi't; fcenuin hahet in cornu. 669. [Indication of danger.] Alarm. — N". alarm ; alarum, larum^ alarm bell, tocsin, alerte, beat of drum, sound of trumpet, note of alarm, hue and cry, fire-cross, signal of distress ; blue-lights ; war-cry, -whoop ; warning &c. 668 ; fog-signal, -horn ; yellow flag ; danger signal ; red -light, - flag. false alarm, cry of wolf; bug-bear, -aboo. V. give -, raise -, sound -, beat- the or an -alarm &c. n. ; alarm ; warn &c. 668 ; ring the tocsin ; hattre la generale ; cry wolf. Adj. alarming &c. v. Int. sauve qui pent ! qui vive ? 670. Preservation .-M". preservation; safekeeping; conservation^ &c. {storage) 636 ; maintenance, support, sustentation, conservatism ; vis conservatriv ; salvation &c. {deliverance) 672. [Means of preservation] prophylaxis ; preserv-er, -ative ; Hygi-astics^ -antics ; cover, drugget ; cordon sanitaire. [Superstitious remedies] charm &c. 993. V. preserve, maintain, keep, sustain, support ; keep -up, - alive ; not willingly let die ; bank up ; nurse ; save, rescue ; be -, make- -safe &c. 664; take care of &c. {care) 459; guard &c. {defend) Jiy. stare super antiquas vias ; hold one's own ; hold -, stand- -one's ground &c. {resist) 719, embalm, dry, cure, salt, pickle, season, kyanize, bottle, pot, tin, can ; husband &c. {store) 636. Adj. preserving &c. v.; conservative; prophylactic; preserva-tory,, -tive ; hygienic. preserved &c. v. ; un-impaired, -broken, -injured, -hurt, -singed, marred ; safe, - and sound ; intact, with a whole skin. Pbr. nolumus leges Anglice mutari. 671. Escape. — M". escape, scape; a volation, elopement, flight; evasion &c. {avoidance) 623 ; retreat ; narrow -, hairbreadth- escape ; come off, impunity. [Means of escape] loophole &c. {opening) 260; path &c. 627; refuge &c. 666 ; vent, - peg ; safety-valve ; drawbridge, fire-escape. reprieve &c. {deliverance) 672; liberation &c. 750, refugee &c. {fugitive) 623. V. escape, scape ; make -, effect -, make good- one's escape ; get -off", - clear off", - well out of ; echapper belle, save one's bacon ; weather the storm &c. {safe) 664 ; escape scot-free. elude &c., make off &c. {avoid) 623 ; march off &c. {go aivay) 293 ; give one the slip ; slip through the -hands, - fingers ; sHp the collar, wriggle out of ; break -loose, - from prison ; break -, slip -, get- away ; find -vent, - a hole to creep out of. Adj. escap-ing, -ed &c. v.; stolen away, fled. Phr. the bird has flown. 672. IDeliverance. — W. deliverance, extrication, rescue; repriev-e, -al; respite; liberation &c. 750; redemption, salvation: riddance; gaol delivery ; redeemableness. V. (I.) II. PRECURSORY MEASURES. 6T2— 674. V. deliver, extricate, rescue, save, redeem, ransom ; bring -off, - through ; tirer d'offaire, get the wheel out of the rut, snatch from the jaws of death, come to the rescue ; rid ; retrieve &c. {restore) 660 ; he -. get- rid of. Adj. saved &c V. ; extric-, redeem-, rescu-able. Int. to the rescue ! 3°. rrecursory Measures. 673. Preparation. — w. prepa- ration; providing &c. y. ; provi-sion, -dence ; anticipation &c. {foresight) ^10 ; pre-cautiou, -concertation, -disposition ; forecast &c. (jjlan) 626 ; rehearsal, note of preparation. [Putting in order] arrangement &c. 60; clearance; adjustment &c. 23; tun- ing ; equipment, outfit, accoutrement, armament, array. ripening &c. v. ; maturation, evolu- tion ; elaboration, concoction, digestion ; gestation, hatching, incubation, sitting. groundwork, first stone, cradle, step- ping-stone ; foundation, scaffold, &c. {support) 215; scaffolding, echafaudage. [Preparation -of men] training &c. {education) 537; inurement kc. {habit) 613; novitiate; [- of food] cook-ing, -ery ; brewing, culinary art ; [- of the soil] till-, plough-, sow-ing ; semination, cultivation. [State of being prepared] prepared-, readi-, ripe-, mellow-ness ; maturity ; un impromptu fait a loisir. [Preparer] preparer, trainer, pioneer ; avant-couri'ier, -coureur ; sappers and mi- ners, paviour, navvy; packer, stevedore; warming-pan. V. prepare ; get -, make- ready ; make preparations, settle preliminaries, get up, sound the note of preparation. set -, put- in order &c. {arrange) 60 ; forecast &c. {jjlan) 626; prepare -, plough -, dress- the ground ; till -, cul- tivate- the soil ; predispose, sow the seed, lay a train, dig a mine ; lay -, fix- the -foundations, - basis, - groundwork; dig the foundations, erect the scaffolding ; lay the first stone &c. [begin) 66. rough-hew; cut out work; block -, hammer- out ; lick into shape &c. {form) 240. elaborate, mature, ripen, mellow, sea- son, bring to maturity ; nurture &c. {aid) 707 ; hatch, cook, brew ; temper, anneal, smelt. equip, arm, man; fit-out, -up; fur- nish, rig, dress, garnish, betrim, accoutre. 674. Non-Preparation. — zr. non-, absence of -, want of- prepara- tion ; inculture, inconcoction, improvi- dence. immaturity, crudity; rawness &c. adj. ; abortion ; disqualification. [Absence of art] nature, state of nature ; virgin soil, unweeded garden ; neglect &c. 460. rough copy &c. {plan) 626; germ &c. 153; raw material &c. 635. improvisation &c. (impulse) 612. V. be -unprepared &c. adj. ; want -, lack- preparation ; lie fallow ; s'embar- quer sans biscuits ; live from hand to mouth. [Render unprepared] dismantle &c. {render useless) 645 ; undress &c. 226. extemporize, improvise. iLdj. im-prepared &c. [prepare &c. 673] ; without -preparation &c. 673 ; incomplete &c. 53 ; rudimental, em- bryonic, abortive ; immature, unripe, raw, green, crude ; coarse ; rough, -cast, -hewn ; in the rough ; un-hewn, -formed, -fashioned, -wrought, -laboured, -blown, -cooked, -boiled, -concocted, -polished. un-hatched, - fledged, - nurtured, I -licked, -taught, -educated, -cultivated, -trained, -tutored, -drilled, -exercised ; precocious, premature ; un-, in- digested ; un-mellowed, -seasoned, -leavened. fallow; un-sown, -tilled; natural, in a state of nature; undressed; in dis- habille, en deshabille. un-, dis-qualified ; unfitted; ill-diges- ted ; un-begun, -ready, -arranged, -or- ganized, -furnished, -provided, -equipped, -trimmed ; out of -gear, - order ; dis- mantled &c. V. shiftless, improvident, unthrifty, thoughtless, unguarded ; happy - go - lucky ; caught napping &c. {inexpectant) 508; unpremeditated &c. 612. Adv. extempore &c. 612. 213 673—676. VOLITION. V. (I.) n. array, fettle, fledge ; dress -, furbish -, brush -, vamp- up ; refurbish ; sharpen one's tools, trim one's foils, set, prime, attune ; whet the -knife, - sword ; wind -, screw- up; adjust &c. (Jit) 2J; put in -trim,- train, - gear, - working order, - tune, - a groove for, - harness ; pack, train &c. (teach) 537 ; inure &c, {habituate) 613; breed ; prepare &c.- for ; rehearse ; make provision for ; take -steps, - measures, - precau- tions ; provide, - against ; beat up for recruits ; open the door to &c. {facilitate) 705. set one's house in order, make all snug ; clear -decks, - for action •, close one's ranks ; shuffle the cards. prepare oneself; serve an apprenticeship &c. (learn) 539; lay one- self out for, get into harness, gird up one's loins, buckle on one's armour, reculer pour mieux sauter, prime and load, shoidder arms, get the steam up, put the horses to. guard -, make sure- against ; forearm, make sure, prepare for the evil day, have a rod in pickle, provide against a rainy day, feather one's nest ; lay in provisions &c. 637 ; make investments ; keep on foot. be -prepared, - ready &c. adj. ; hold oneself in readiness, keep one's powder dry ; lie in wait for &c. (expect) soy ; anticipate &c. (foresee) 510; 2)7'incipiis obstare-, veniente occurrere mm-bo. Adj. preparing &c. v.; in -preparation, - course of preparation, - agitation, - embryo, - hand, - train ; afoot, afloat ; on -foot, - the stocks, - the anvil; under consideration &c. (plan) 626; brewing, hatching, forthcoming, brooding ; in -store for, - reserve. precautionary, provident ; prepara-tive, -tory ; provisional, inchoate, under revision ; preliminary &c. (precedent) 62. prepared &c. v. ; in readiness ; ready, - to one's hand, - made, - cut and dried; made to one's hand, handy, on the table; in gear; in working -order, - gear ; snug ; in practice. ripe, mature, mellow; practised ifec. (skilled) 698; laboured, elabo- rate, highly-wrought, smelling of the lamp, worked up. in -full feather, - best bib and tuclcer ; in -, at- harness ; in -the saddle, - arms, - battle array, - war paint ; up in arms ; armed -at all points, - to the teeth, - cap a pie ; sword in hand ; booted and spurred. in utrumque -, semper- par atus ; on the alert &c. (vigilant) 459; at one's post. Adv. in -preparation, - anticipation of ; against, for. 675. Essay. — W. essay, trial, endeavour, attempt ; venture, adven- ture, speculation, coup d'essai, debut ; probation &c. (experiment) 463. V. try, essay ; experiment &c. 463 ; endeavour, strive ; tempt, at- tempt, make an attempt; venture, adventure, speculate, take one's chance, tempt fortune ; try one's -fortune, - luck, - hand ; use one's endeavour ; feel -, grope -, pick- one's way. try hard, push, make a bold push, use one's best endeavour ; do one's best^Scc. (exertion) 686. Adj. essaying &c. y.; experimental &c. 463; tentative, empirical, pro- bationary. Adv. experimentally «fec. adj., on trial, at a venture; by rule of thumb. if one may be so bold. 676. Undertaking'- — lir. undertaking; compact &c. 769; en- gagement &c. (promise) 768 ; enter-, em-prise : pilgrimage ; matter in hand &c. (business) 625; move ; first move &c. (beqinning) 66, 214 V. (I.) II. PRECURSORY MEASURES. 676—679. V. undertake ; engage -, embark- in ; launch -, plunge- into ; volun- teer ; apprentice oneself to ; engage &c. {jpromise) 768 ; contract &c. 769; take upon -oneself, - one's shoulders ; devote oneself to &c. {determina- tion) 604. take -up, - in hand ; tackle ; set -, go- about ; set -, fall- -to, - to work ; launch forth ; set up shop ; put in -hand, - execution ; set forward ; break the neck of a business, be in for ; put one's -hand to, - foot in ; be- take oneself to, turn one's hand to, go to do ; begin &c. 66 ; broach, institute, &c. {originate) 153; put -, lay- one's -hand to the plough, - shoulder to the wheel. have in hand &c. {business) 625 ; have many irons in the fire &c. {acti- vity) 682. Adj. undertaking &c. v.; on the anvil &c, 625. Int. here goes ! 677. Use. — W. use ; employ, -ment ; exer-cise, -citation ; appli-cation, -ance ; adhibition, disposal; consumption; a- gency &c. ( phijsi/ial ) 170; usufruct ; usefidness &c. 644; recom'se, resort, avail. [Conversion to use] utilization, ser- vice, wear. [Way of using] usage. V. use, make use of, employ, put to use ; put in -action, - operation, - prac- tice ; set -in motion, - to work. ply, work, wield, handle, manipulate; play, - off; exert, exercise, practise, avail oneself of, profit by; resort -, have recourse -, recur -, take -, betake oneself- to ; take -up with, - advantage of ; lay one's hands on, try. render useful &c. 644 ; mould ; turn to -account, - use ; convert to use, uti- lize; work up; call -, bring- into play ; put into requisition ; call -, draw- forth ; press --, enlist- into the service ; bring to bear upon, devote, dedicate, consecrate, apply, adhibit, dispose of; make a -handle, - cat's paw- of. faU back upon, make a shift with ; make the -most, - best- of. use -, swallow- up ; consume, absorb, expend ; tax, task, wear, put to task. Adj. in use ; used &c. v. ; well-worn, -trodden. useful &c. 644; subservient &c. (m- itrumentaT) 631. 678. Disuse. — wr. forbearance, abstinence ; disuse ; relinquishment &c. 782; desuetude &c. {^want of habit) 614. V. not use ; do without, dispense with, let alone, not touch, forbear, ab- stain, spare, waive, neglect ; keep back, reserve. lay -up, - by, - on the shelf, - up in ordinary, - up in a napkin; shelve; set -, put -, lay- aside ; disuse, leave off, have done with ; supersede ; discard &c. {eject) 297 ; dismiss, give warning. throw aside &c. {relinquish) 7^2; make away with &c. {destroy) 162; cast -, heave -, throw- overboard ; cast to the -dogs, - winds ; dismantle &c. {ren- der useless) 645. lie -, remain- unemployed &c. adj. Adj. not used &c. v. ; un-employed, -applied, -disposed of, -spent, -exercised, -touched, -trodden, -essayed, -gathered, -culled ; uncalled for, not required. disused &c. v. ; done with. 679. misuse.— XT. mis-use, -usage, -employment, -application, -appropria- tion. abuse, profanation, prostitution, dese- cration ; waste &c. 638. V. mis-use, -employ, -apply, -appro- priate. desecrate, abuse, profane, prostitute ; waste &c. 638 ; over-task, -tax, -work ; squander &c. 818. cut blocks with a razor, employ a steam-engine to crack a nut ; catch at a straw. Adj. misused &c. v. 215 680—683. VOLITION. V. (I.) III. Section III. VOLUNTAEY ACTIOIS'. 1°. Simple Voluntary Action. 680. Action. — ar. action, per- formance ; doing &c. v. ; perpetration ; exer-cise, -citation ; movement, opera- tion, evolution, work ; labour &c. {exe?'- tion) 686 ; praxis, execution ; procedure &c. (conduct) 692 ; handicraft ; business &c. 625 ; agency &c. {poiver at zvork) 170. deed, act, overt act, stitcb, touch, gest ; transaction, job, doings, dealings, pro- ceeding, measure, step, maiiceuvre, bout, passage, move, stroke, blow ; coup, - de main, - d'etat ; tour de force &c. {dis- play) 882 ; feat, exploit ; achievement &c. {completion) 729 ; handiwork, work- manship; stroke of policy &c. (plan) 626. actor &c. (doer) 690. V. do, perform, execute ; achieve &c. {complete) 729 ; transact, enact ; commit, perpetrate, inflict ; exercise, prosecute, carry on, work, practise, play. employ oneself, ply one's task ; offi- ciate, have in hand, &c. (business) 625 ; labour &c. 686 ; be at work ; pursue a course ; shape one's course &c. (conduct) 692. act, operate ; take -action, - steps ; strike a blow, lift a finger, stretch forth one's hand ; take in hand &c. (undertake) 676 ; put oneself in motion ; put in practice ; carry into execution &c. (com- plete) 729 ; act upon. be -an actor &c. 690 ; take -, act -, play -, perform- a part in ; participate m ; have a -hand in, - finger in the pie ; have to do with ; be a -party to, - par- ticipator in ; bear -, lend- a hand ; pull an oar, run in a race ; mix oneself up with &c. (meddle) 682. be in action ; come into operation &c. (^wiver at loork) 170. Adj. doing &c. v.; acting; inaction; in harness ; on duty ; in operation &c. 170. Adv. in the -act, - midst of, - thick of ; red-handed, in flagrante delicto ; while one's hand is in. 681. Inaction. — Tsr, inaction, passiveness, abstinence from action ; non- interference ; Fabian -, conservative- policy ; neglect &c. 460. inactivity &c. 683 ; rest &c. (repose) 687 ; quiescence &c. 265 ; want of -, in- occupation ; idle hours, time hanging on one's hands, dolcefar 7iiente ; sinecure. V. not -do, - act, - attempt ; be -in- active &c. 683 ; abstain from doing, do nothing, hold, spare ; not -stir, - move, - lift- a -finger, - foot, - peg ; fold one's -arms, - hands ; leave -, let- alone ; let -be, - pass, - things take their course, - it have its way, - well alone ; quieta non movere; stare super antiquas vias; rest and be thankful, live and let live ; lie -, rest- upon one's oars ; laisser -aller, - faire ; stand aloof ; refrain &c. (avoid) 623 ; keep oneself from doing ; remit -, relax- one's eftbrts ; desist &c. (relinquish) 624 ; stop &c. (cease) 142 ; pause &c. (he quiet) 265. wait, lie in wait, bide one's time, take time, tide it over. cool -, kick- one's heels ; while away the -time, - tedious hours ; pass -, fill up -, beguile- the time; talk against time ; waste time &c. (inactive) 683. lie -by, - on the shelf, - in ordinary, - idle, - to, - fallow ; keep quiet, slug ; have nothing to do, whistle for want of thought. undo, do away with ; take -down, - to pieces; destroy (fee. 162. Adj. not doing kc. v.-, not done &c. V. ; undone ; passive ; un-occupied, -em- ployed ; out of -employ, - work ; fallow ; desGcuvi-e. Adv. re infectd, at a stand, les bras croises, with folded arms ; with the hands -in the pockets, - behind one's back ; pour passer le temps. Int. so let it be ! stop ! &c. 142 ; hands off"! Phr. cunctando restituit rem. 682. Activity. — w. activity ; briskness, liveliness, &c. adj., animation, life, vivacity, spirit, dash, energy. 216 683. Inactivity.— N". inactivity; inaction &c. 681; inertness &c. 172; obstinacy &c. 606. V. (L) III. ACTION. nimbleness, agility ; smartness, quick- ness, &c. adj. ; velocity kc. 274 ; alac- rity, promptitude ; des-, dis-patch ; ex- peclition; haste &c. 684; punctuality &c. {early) 132. eagerness, zeal, ardour, perfei'vidum ingeniiim, empressement, earnestness, in- teutness; abandon; vigour &c. {j^hydcal energy) 171 ; devotion &c. {resolution) 604 ; exertion &c, 686. industry, assiduity ; assiduousness &c. adj. ; sedulity ; laboriousness ; drudgery &c. (labour) 686 ; painstaking, diligence ; perseverance &c. 6o4rt ; indefatigatiou ; habits of business. vigilance &c. 459 ; wakefulness ; sleep-, rest-lessness ; pei'vigilium, insomniuvi ; racketing. movement, bustle, stir, fuss, ado, bother, pottering ; fidget, -iness ; flurry &c. {haste) 684." officiousness ; dabbling, meddling ; in- ter-ference, -position, -meddling ; tamper- ing with, intrigue. press of business, no sinecure, plenty to do, many irons in the fire, great doings, busy hum of men, battle of life, thick of the action. housewife, busy bee ; new brooms ; sharp fellow, blade ; devotee, enthusiast, zealot, meddler, intermeddler, intriguer, busybody, pickthank. V. be -active &c. adj. ; busy oneself in ; stir, -about, - one's stumps ; bestir -, rouse- oneself; speed, hasten, peg 682—683. lull &c. (cessation) 142 ; quiescence &c. 265 ; rust, -iness. idle-, remiss-ness, &c. adj. ; sloth, in- dolence, indiligence ; dawdling &c. v. dullness &c. adj. ; languor ; segni-ty, -tude; lentor; sluggishness &c. (slow- ness) 275 ; procrastination &c. (delay) 133; torp-or, -idity, -escence ; stupor &c. (insensibility) 823; somnolence; drowsiness &c. adj. ; nodding &c. v. ; oscit-ation, -ancy ; pandiculation, hyp- notism, lethargy ; heaviness, heavy eye- lids. sleep, slumber; sound -, heavy -, balmy- sleep ; Morpheus ; coma, trance, ecstasis, dream, hybernation, nap, doze, snooze, siesta, wink of sleep, forty winks, snore ; Hypnology. dull work ; pottering ; relaxation Sec. (loosening) 47 ; Castle of Indolence. [Cause of inactivity] lullaby, sedative &c. 174 ; torpedo. idler, drone, droil, dawdle, mopus ; ^oAiiile, faineant, dummy, sleeping part- ner; afternoon farmer ; truant &c. (i-un- away) 623 ; lounger, lazzarone, loafer ; lub-ber, -bard ; slow-coach &c. (sloiv) 275 ; opium -, lotus- eater ; slug ; lag-, slug-gard ; slumberer, dormouse, mar- mot; waiter on Providence, fruges con- sumei'e natus. V. be -inactive &c. adj. ; do nothing &c, 681 ; move slowly &c. 275 ; let the grass grow under one's feet ; take one's time, dawdle, drawl, droil, lag, hang away, lay about one, bustle, fuss ; raise back, slouch ; loll, -op ; lounge, loaf, -, kick up- a dust ; push ; make a -push - fuss, - stir ; go ahead, push forward ; fight -, elbow- one's way ; make pro- gress &c. 282 ; toil &c. (labour) 686 ; plod, persist, &c. (persevere) 604a; keep -up the ball, - the pot boiling. look sharp ; have all one's eyes about one &c. (vigilance) 459 ; rise, arouse one- self, get up early, be about, keep moving, steal a march, kill two birds with one stone ; seize the opportunity &c. 1 34 ; lose no time, not lose a moment, make the most of one's time, not sufler the grass to grow under one's feet, improve the shining hour, make short work of; dash ofi"; make haste kc. 684; do one's best, take pains, &c. (exert oneself) 686 ; do -, work- wonders. have -many irons in the fire, - one's hands full, - much on one's hands ; have loiter ; go to sleep over ; sleep at one's post, 7ie battre que dCune aile. take -it easy, - things as they come ; lead an easy life, vegetate, swim with the stream, eat the bread of idleness ; loll in the lap of -luxury, - indolence ; waste -, consume -, kill -, lose- time ; burn daylight, waste the precious hours. idle -, trifle -, fritter -, fool- away time ; spend -, take- time in ; ped-, pid-dle ; potter, pudder, dabble, fad- die, fribble, fiddle-faddle ; daUv, dilly- dally. sleep, slumber, be asleep ; hybernate ; oversleep ; sleep like a -top, - lojr, - dormouse ; sleep -soundly, - heavily ; doze, drowze, snooze, nap ; take a -nap &c. n. ; dream ; snore ; settle -, go -, go ofl- to sleep ; drop off"; fall -, drop- asleep; close -, seal up- -the -eyes, - 217 ' 682—685. VOLITION. V. (T.) III. other -things to do, - fish to fry ; be busy ; not have a moment -to spare, - that one can call one's own. have one's iling, run the round of ; go all lengths, stick at nothing, run riot. outdo ; over-do, -act, -lay, -shoot the mark ; make a toil of a pleasure. have a hand in &c. {act in) 680 ; take an active part, put in one's oar, have a finger in the pie, mix oneself up vrith, trouble one's head about, intrigue ; agitate. tamper with, meddle, moil ; inter- meddle, -fere, -pose ; obtrude ; poke -, thrust- one's nose in. Adj . active ; brisk, - as a lark, - as a bee ; lively, animated, vivacious ; alive, - and kicking ; frisky, spirited, stirring. nimble, - as a squirrel ; agile ; light-, nimble-footed ; featly, tripping. quick, prompt, yare, instant, ready, alert, spry, sharp, smart ; fast &c. (sivift) 274 ; quick as a lamplighter, expeditious ; awake, broad awake ; wide awake &c. (intelligent) 498. forward, eager, strenuous, zealous, enterprising, in earnest; resolute &c. 604. industrious, assiduous, diligent, sedu- lous, notable, painstaking; intent &c. {attention) 457 ; indefatigable &c. {per- severing) 6o^a ; unwearied ; unsleeping, never tired; plodding, hardworking &c. 686 ; business-like, workaday. bustling ; restless, - as a hyaena ; fussy, fidgety, pottering; busy, - as a hen with one chicken. working, at work, on duty, in harness ; call ; up and -doing, - stirriner. eyelids ; weigh down the eyelids ; get sleepy, nod, yawn ; go to bed, turn in. languish, expend itself, flag, hang fire ; relax. render -idle &c. adj.-, sluggardize; mitigate &c. 174. Adj. inactive ; motionless &c. 265 ; unoccupied &c. {doing nothing) 68 1 ; un- busied. indolent, lazy, slothful, idle, lusk, re- miss, slack, inert, torpid, sluggish, lan- guid, supine, heavy, dull, leaden, lumpish ; exanimate, soulless; listless; dron-y, -ish ; lazy as Ludlam's dog. dilatory, laggard ; lagging &c. v. ; slow &c. 275 ; rusty, flagging ; lacka- daisical, maudlin, fiddle-faddle ; potter- ing &c.'v.; shilly-shally &c. {irresolute) 605. sleeping &c. v. ; asleep ; fast -, dead -, sound- asleep ; in a sound sleep ; sound as a top, dormant, comatose ; in the -arms, - lap- of Morpheus. sleep-y, -ful ; dozy, drowsy, somno- lent, torpescent ; lethargic, -al ; heavy, - with sleep ; napping ; somni-fic, -ferous ; sopor-ous,-ific,-iferous; hypnotic ; balmy, dreamy ; un-, una-wakened. sedative &c, 174. Adv. inactively &c. adj. ; at leisure &c. 685. Phr. the eyes begin to draw straws. busy, occupied ; hard at -work. up in arms ; on one's legs, at it ; up to one's ears in, full of officious, overofficious, eventful : on business, busy as a bee. meddling &c. v. ; meddlesome, pushing intrigant. astir, stirring ; a-going, -foot ; on foot ; in full swing the alert &c. {vigilant) 459. Adv. actively &c. adj. ; with -life and spirit, - might and main &c. 686, - haste &c. 684, - wings ; full tilt, in mediis rebus. Int. be -, look- -alive, - sharp ! move -, push- on ! keep moving ! go ahead ! stir your stumps ! age quod agis ! Phr. carjie diem &c. {opportunity) 1 34 ; nidla dies sine lined ; nee mora nee requies ; the plot thickens ; no sooner said than done &c. {early) 132;^ veni vidi vici ' ; catch a weasel asleep. 684. Haste.— W. haste, urgency; des-, dis-patch; acceleration, spurt, spirt, forced march, rush, dash ; velocity &c. 274 ; precipit-ancy, -ation, -ousness &c. adj. ; impetuosity ; brusquerie ; hurry, 218 685. Zaeisure. — lO". leisure ; spare -time, - hours, - moments : vacant hour ; time, - to spare, - on one's hands ; lioli- day &c. {rest) 687 ; otium cum dignitate, ease. V. (I.) III. ACTION". 684—687. v. liave -leisure &c. n.; take one's -time, - leisure, - ease ; repose &c. 687 ; move slowly &c. 275 ; while away the time &c. {inaction) 681 ; be -master cf one's time, - an idle man. Adj. leisurely •, slow &c. 275 ; delibe- rate, quiet, calm, undisturbed; at -leisure, - one's ease, - a loose end. Phr. time hanging heaw on one's hands. drive, scramble, bustle, fuss, fidget, flurry, flutter, splutter. V. haste, hasten ; make -haste, - a dash &c. n. ; hurry -, dash -, whip -, push -, press — on, - forward ; hurry, skurry, scuttle along, bundle on, dart to and fro, bustle, flutter, scramble ; plunge, - headlong ; dash off"; rush &c. {violence) 173- bestir oneself &c. {be active) 682 ; lose -no time, - not a moment, - not an in- stant; make short work of; make the best of one's -time, - way. be -precipitate &c. adj. ; jump at ; be in -haste, - a hurry &c. n. ; have -no time, - not a moment- -to lose, - to spare ; work against time. quicken &c. 274; accelerate, expedite, put on, precipitate, m'ge, whip. Adj. hsistj, hurried, h-usqiie; scrambling, cursory, precipitate, head- long, furious, boisterous, impetuous, hot-headed ; feverish, fussy ; pushing. in -haste, - a hurry &c. n. ; in -hot, - all- haste ; breathless, pressed for time, hard pressed, urgent. Adv. with -haste, - all haste, - breathless speed ; in haste c. {uncertainty) 475 ; intricacy ; en- tanglement &c. 59 : cross fire ; awkward- ness, delicacy, ticklish card to play, knot, Gordian Imot, dignus vindice nodus, net, meshes, maze ; coil &c. {convolution) 248 ; crooked path. nice -, delicate -, subtle -, knotty- point; vexed question, vexata qucBstio, poser; puzzle &c. {riddle) 533; para- dox ; hard -, nut to crack ; bone to pick, crux, pons asinorum, where the shoe pinches. nonplus, quandary, strait, pass, pinch, pretty pass, stress, brunt ; critical situ- ation, crisis ; trial, rub, emergency, exi- gency, scramble. scrape, hobble, slough, quagmire, hot Avater, hornet's nest; sea -, peck- of troubles ; pretty kettle of fish ; pickle, stew, imbroglio, mess, ado ; false posi- tion ; set fast, stand ; dead -lock, - set ; fix, liorns of a dilemma,cw/ de sac ; hitch ; stumbling block &c. {hindrance) 706. V. be -difficult &c. adj. ; run one hard, go against the grain, try one's 226 705. Facility.— w. facility, ease; easiness &c. ad). ; capability ; feasibility &c. {practicability) 470 ; flexibilit}^ pli- ancy, &c. 324; smoothness &c. 25*5. plain -, smooth -, straight- sailing; mere child's play, holiday task. smooth water, fair wind ; smooth -, royal- road ; clear -coast, - stage ; ta- bula rasa ; full play &c. {freedoui) 748. disen-cumbrance, -tanglement: deop- pilation ; permission &c. 760. V. be «easy &c. adj. ; go on -, run- smoothly ; have -full play &c. n. ; go -, run- on all fours; obey the helm, work well. flow -, swim -, drift -, go- with the- -stream, - tide ; see one's way ; have -it all one's own way, - the game in one's own hands ; waUc over the course, win at a canter ; make -light of, - nothing of, - no bones of; be at home in &c. {skilful) 698, render -easy &c. adj.] facilitate, smooth, ease ; popularize ; lighten, - the labour ; free, clear ; dis-encumber, -embarrass, -entangle, -engage ; deob- struct, unclog, extricate, unravel ; untie -, cut- the knot; disburden, unload, exonerate, emancipate, free from, deop- pilate ; humour (fee. {aid) 707 ; lubricate &c. 332: reHeve »fec, 834. leave -a hole to creep out of, - a loop- hole, - the matter open ; give -the reins V. (I.) IT. patience, put one out; put to one's -shifts, - wit's end; go hard with -, try- one ; pose, perplex, &c. {uncertain) 475 ; bother, nonplus, gravel, bring to a dead lock; be -impossible &c. 47 1; be in the way of &;c. {hinder) 706. meet with -, labour under -, get into -, plunge into -, struggle with -, con- tend with -, grapple with- difficulties ; labour under a disadvantage; be -in difficulty &c. adj. fish in troubled waters, buffet the waves, swim against the stream, scud under bare poles. have -much ado with, - a tard time of it ; come to the -push, - pinch ; bear the brunt. A^TAGONISM. 704—705. to, - full play, - full swing ; make way for ; open the -door to, - way ; prepare -, smooth -, clear- the -ground, - way, - path, - road ; pave the way, bridge over ; permit »&;c. 760, Adj. easy, facile ; feasible &c. {prac- ticable) 470 ; easily -managed, - accom- plished ; within reach, accessible, easy of access, for the million, open to. manageable, wieldy; towardly, trac- table ; submissive ; yielding, ductile ; pliant &c. {soft) 324 ; glib, slippery ; smooth &c. 255; on -fiiction w^heels, - velvet. un-, dis-burdened, -encumbered, -em- barrassed ; exonerated ; un-loaded, -ob- structed, -trammelled; unrestrained tSrc. grope in the dark, lose one's way, | {free) 748 ; at ease, light. at -, quite at- home ; in -one's element, - smooth water. Adv. easily &c. adj. • readily, smooth- ly, swummingly, on easy terms, single- handed. Plir. touch and ^o. weave a tangled web, walk among eggs. get into a -scrape &c. n. ; bring a hor- net's nest about one's ears ; be put to one's shifts ; flounder, boggle, struggle ; not know which way to turn &c. {un- ce?'tain) 475 ; perdre son Latin ; stick -at, - in the mud, - fast; come to a -stand, - dead lock ; hold the wolf by the ears. render -difficidt &c. adj. ; encumber, embarrass, ravel, entangle ; put a spoke in the wheel &c. {hinder) 706 ; lead a pretty dance. Adj. difficult, not easy, hard, tough; trouble-, toil-, irk-some; operose, laborious, onerous, arduous, Herculean, formidable ; sooner -, more easily- said than done ; difficult -, hard- to deal with ; ill-con- ditioned, crabbed ; not -to be bandied with Md gloves, - made with rosewater. awkward, unwieldy, unmanageable ; intractable, stubborn, &c. {ob- stinate) 606 ; perverse, refractory, plaguy, trpng, thorny, rugged ; knot-ted, -ty ; invious ; path-, ti-ack-less ; labyrinthine &c. {convo- luted) 248 ; intricate, complicated, &c. {tangled) 59 ; impracticable &c. {impossible) 471 ; not -feasible kc. 470 ; desperate &c. {hopeless) 859. embarrassing, perplexing, &c. {uncertain) 475 ; delicate, ticklish, critical ; beset with -, full of -, surrounded by -, entangled by -, encompassed with- difficulties. under a difficulty ; iu -difficulty, - hot water, - the suds, - a cleft stick, -a fix, -the WTongbox, - a scrape &c. w., - deep water, - a fine pickle ; in extremis ; between -two stools, - Scylla and Oharybdis ; surrounded by -shoals, - breakers, - quicksands ; at cross purposes : not out of tbe wood. reduced to straits; hard -, sorely- pressed; run hard ; pinched, put to it, straitened ; hard -up, - put to it, - set ; put to one's shifts ; puzzled, at a loss, &c. {uncertain) 475 ; at -the end of one's tether, - one's wit's end, - a nonplus, - a standstill; gravelled, nonplussed, stranded, aground ; stuck -, set- fast ; up a tree, at bay, aux abois, driven -into a corner, - from post to pillar, - to extremity, - to one's wits end, - to the wall ; au bout de son Latin ; out of one's depth ; thrown out. accomplished with difficulty ; hard-fought, -earned . 227 Q 2 704— 707. VOLITION. Y. (I.) IT. Adv. witb. -difficulty, - miicli ado ; hardly &c. adj. ; uphill ; against the -stream, - grain ; a rehours ; invitd Minerva ; in tbe teeth of; at -, upon- a pinch ; at long odds. Plir. ay there's the rub ; hie labor hoc opiis ; things are come to a pretty pass. 2°. Active 706. Hindrance.— M". prevention, preclusion, obstruction, stoppage ; inter- ruption, -ception, -elusion; hindrance, impedition ; retard - ment, -ation ; em- barrassment, oppilation: coarctation, stricture, restriction ; restraint &c. 751 ; inhibition &c. 761 ; blockade &c. {clo- sure) 261. inter - ference, -position ; obtrusion ; Jis-couragement, -countenance. impediment, let, obstacle, obstruction, knot, knag; check, hitch, contretemps, screw loose, ^rit in the oil. bar, stile, carrier ; turn-stile, -pike ; gate, portcullis ; barricade &c. {defence) 717 ; wall, dead waU, breakwater, groyne ; bulkhead, block, buffer : stopper &c. 263 ; boom, dam, weir, burrock. drawback, objection ; stumbling-block, -stone ; lion in the path ; snag ; snags and sawyers. en-, in-cumbrance ; clog, skid, shoe, spoke; drag, - chain, - weight; stay, stop ; preventive, prophylactic ; load, burden, fardel, onus, millstone round one's neck, impedimenta ; dead weight ; lumber, pack ; nightmare, Ephialtes, in- cubus, old man of the sea ; remora. difficulty &c. 704 ; insuperable &c. 471- obstacle ; estoppel; ill wind; head wind &c. ( opposition ) 708 ; trammel, tether, &c. {means of restraint) 752; hold back, counterpoise; damper, wet blanket, hinderer, marplot, kill-joy, in- terloper ; opponent &c. 710. V. hinder, impede, impedite, embarrass. keep -, stave -, ward- off; obviate ; a-, ante-vert ; turn aside, draw off, pre- vent, forefend, nip in the bud ; retard, slacken, check, let ; counter-act, -check; preclude, debar, foreclose, estop ; in- hibit &c. 761 ; shackle &c. {restrain) 751 ; restrict. obstruct, stop, stay, bar, bolt, lock ; block, - up ; belay, barricade ; block -, stop- the way ; dam up &c. {close) 261 ; put on the -break &c. n. ; scotch -, lock -, put a spoke in- the wheel ; put a stop to /rt/2cAe, ticket of &c. 751; cohibit, withhold, limit, cir leave; grant, charter, patent. ; cumscribe, clip the wings of, restrict; V. permit ; give -permission &c. n., \ interdict, taboo ; put -, place- under - power ; let, allow, admit ; suffer, bear 1 -an interdiction, - the ban ; proscribe ; with, tolerate, recognize; concede &c. i exclude, shut out: shut -, bolt -, show- 762 ; accord, vouchsafe, favour, humour, the door ; warn off ; dash the cup from gratify, indulge, stretch a point; wink , one's lips; forbid the banns, at, connive at ; shut one's eyes to. ! Adj. probibit-ive, -ory ; proscriptive ; grant, empower, charter, enfranchise, ' "''^''' ' * '''-••^■•• privilege, confer a privilege, license, restrictive, exclusive ; forbidding &c. v. prohibited &c. v. ; not -permitted &c. authorize, warrant; sanction; entrust 1760; unlicensed, contraband, under the ban of; illegal &c. 964; unauthorized, not to be thought of. Adv. on no account tfcc. {no) 536. Int. forbid it heaven ! &c. {depi'ecn- tion) 766. hands -, keep- off! hold! stop! avast ! Phr. that will never do. ».K:c. {commission) 755 give -carte blanche, - the reins to, - scope to &c. {freedom) 748 ; leave -alone, - it to one, - the door open ; open the -door to, - floodgates ; give a loose to. let off: absolve &c, {acquit) 970; re- lease, exonerate, dispense with. ask -, beg -, request- -leave, - per- mission. Adj. permitting kc. v. ; permissive, indulgent ; permitted kc. v. ; patent, chartered, permissible, allowable, lawful, legitimate, legal; legalized &c. (laiv) 963 ; licit ; unforbid, -den ; unconditional. Adv. by -, with -, on- -leave Sz,c. n. ; speciali gratia ; under favour oi', ad libitum kc. {freely) 748, {at ivill) 600; by all means &c. {icillingly) 602 ; yes &c. {assent) 488. 762. Consent. — W. consent ; assent &c. 488 ; acquiescence ; ap- proval &c. 931; compliance, agreement, concession ; yield-ance, -ingness ; accession, acknowledgment, acceptance, agnition. settlement, ratification, confirmation. permit &c. {permission) 760; promise kc. 768. 251 762— 7C6. VOLITION. V. (II.) II. V. consent ; assent Sec. 488 ; yield assent, admit, allow, concede, grant, yield ; come -over, - round ; give into, acknowledge, agnize, give consent, comply with, acquiesce, agree to, fall in with, accede, accept, embrace an oHer, close with, take at one's word, have no objection. satisfy, meet one's wishes, settle, come to terms &c. 488 ; not -refuse «S:c. 764 ; turn a willing ear etc. {icillingness) 602 ; jump at ; deign, vouch- safe ; promise kc. 768. Adj. consenting &c. v. ; squeezable ; agreed &c. (assent) 488 ; uncon- ditional. Adv. yes &c. (assent) 488 ; by all means &c. (willingly) 602 ; if -, as- you please ; be it so, so be it, well and good, of course. 763. Offer. — wr. offer, proffer, pre- sentation, tender, bid, overture ; propos- al, -ition ; motion, invitation ; candida- ture; offering &c. (gift) 784. V. offer, proffer, present, tender ; bid ; propose, move ; make -a motion. out. - advances ; start ; invite, hold place in one's way, put forward hawk about ; offer for sale kc. 796 ; press &c. (request) 765 ; lay at one's leet. offer -, present- oneself; volunteer, come forward, be a candidate ; stand -, bid- for ; seek ; be at one's service ; go a begging ; bribe &c. (give) 784. Adj. offer-ing, -ed, &c. v.-, in the market, for sale, to let, disengaged, on hire. 764. jection; declininof Refusal. — W. refusal, re- non-, in-compliance ; denial ; &c. V. ; declension ; peremp- tory -, flat -, point blanlc- refusal; re- pulse, rebuft*; discountenance. recusancy, abnegation, protest, dis- dissent &c. revocation claimer ; &c. 756. V. refuse, reject, deny, decline ; nill, negative ; refuse -, withhold- one's as- sent ; shake the head ; close the -hand, - purse ; grudge, begrudge, be slow to, hang tire. be deaf to ; turn -a deaf ear to, - one's back upon ; set one's face against, dis- countenance, not hear of, have nothing to do with , wash one's hands of, stand aloof, forswear, set aside,cast behind one; not yield an inch &c. (obstinacy) 606. resist, cross ; not -grant &c. 762 ; re- pel, repulse ; shut -, slam- the door in one's face: rebuff; send -back, - to the right about, - away with a flea in the ear ; deny oneself, not be at home to; discard &c. (repudiate) 610 ; rescind «S:c. (revoke) 756 ; disclaim, protest ; dissent &c. 489. Adj. refusing &c. v. ; rest-ive, -iff; recusant ; uncomplying, uncon- senting; not willing to hear of, deaf to. refused &c. v. ; ungranted, out of the question, not to be thought of, impossible. Adv. no &c. 536 ; on no account, not for the world; no thank you. Phr. 7ion possum us ] [ironically] your humble servant ; lien oblige. ^ 765. Request. — w. requ-est, -isition ; claim kc. (demand) 741 ; petition, suit, prayer; begging letter, round-robin. motion, overture, application, canvass, address, appeal, apostrophe ; impreca- tion; rogation. orison &c. (wo)'ship) 990 ; incantation &c. (spell) 993. mendicancy; asking, begging, &c. v.; postulation, solicitation, invitation, en- treaty, importunity, supphcation, in- stance, impetration, imploration, obse- 252 766. [Negative request] Depre- cation. — N. deprecation, expostula- tion ; intercession, mediation. V. deprecate, protest, expostulate, enter a protest, intercede for. Adj. deprecatory, expostulatory, in- tercessory, mediatorial. deprecated, protested. un-, unbe-sought ; unasked kc. (see ask kc. 765). Int. cry you mercy ! God forbid ! forbid it Heaven ! Heaven -forefend. - V. (II.) ii.-iii. INTERSOCIAL VOLITION. 765— 768a. forbid ! far be it from ! hands oft' ! ( prohibition) 761. cration, obtestation, invocation, interpel- lation. V. request, ask ; beg, crave, sue, pray, petition, solicit, invite, pop the question, make bold to ask ; beg -leave, - a boon ; apply to, call to, put to ; call -upon, - for ; make -, address -, prefer -, put up- a -request, - prayer, - petition ; make -application, - a requisition ; ask -, trouble- one for ; claim &c. {demand) 741 ; offer up prayers &c. (zvorship) 990 ; whistle for. beg hard, entreat, beseech, plead, supplicate, implore ; conjure, ad- jure ; obtest ; cry to, kneel to, appeal to ; invoke, evoke ; impetrate, imprecate, ply, press, urge, beset, importune, dun, tax, clamour for ; cry -aloud, - for help ; fall on one's knees ; throw oneself at the feet of; come down on one's marrow-bones. beg from door to door, send the liat round, go a begging ; mendi- cate, mump, cadge, beg one's bread. dance attendance on, besiege, knock at the door, bespeak, canvass, tout, make interest, court ; seek, bid for, &c. {offe?') 763 ; publish the banns. Adj. requesting &c. v.; precatory; suppli-ant, -cant, -catory ; pos- tulant. importunate, clamorous, urgent; cnp in hand; on one's -knees, - bended knees, - marrow-bones. Adv. prithee, do, please, pray ; be so good as, be good enough ; have the goodness, vouchsafe, will you, I pray thee, if you please. rnt. for -God's, - heaven's, - goodness', - mercy's- sake ! &c. 767. Petitioner. — xa. petitioner, solicitor, applicant; sup- pli-ant, -cant ; suitor, candidate, claimant, postulant, aspirant, competitor, bidder ; place-, pot-hunter; prizer. beggar, mendicant, mumper, sturdy beggar, cadger. canvasser, touter. Section III. Conditional Intersocial Volition. 768. Promise. — U". promise, un- dertaking, word, troth, plight, pledge, j — H. release &c. (liberation) 750, pffro/e, word of honour, vow ; oath &c. Adj. absolute; unconditional &c. {affirmation) 535 ; profession, assurance, {free) 748. warranty, guarantee, insurance, obliga- 1 tion ; contract &c. 769. | engagement, pre-engagement : affiance ; betroth, -al, -ment. V. promise ; give a -promise &c. n. ; undertak»', engage ; make -, form- an engagement ; enter -into, - on- an engagement ; bind -, tie -, pledge -, commit -, take upon- oneself; vow; swear &c. {affirm) 535, give -, pass -, pledge -, plight- one's -word, - honour, - credit, - troth ; betroth, plight faith. assure, warrant, guarantee ; covenant &c. 769 ; attest &c. (bear 2vitness) 467. hold out an expectation ; contract an obligation ; become -bound to, - sponsor for ; answer -, be answerable- for ; secure ; give security &c. 771; underwrite. adjure, administer an oath, put to one's oath, swear a witness. Adj. promising &c. v.; promissory; votive 5 under hand and seal, upon oath. 253 768—773. VOLITION. V. (II.) iii. promised &c. v. ; affianced, pledged, bound ; committed, compro- I mised ; in for it. j Adv. as one's head shall answer for. I Phr. in ibr a penny in for a pound. | 769. Compact. — W. compact, contract, agreement, bargain ; affi- dation ; pact, -ion ; bond, covenant, indenture. stipulation, settlement, convention ; compromise, caHel. protocol, treaty, concordat, Znllverein, Sonderbund, charter, Magna ChaHa^ Pragmatic Sanction. negotiation &c. {bargaining) 794; diplomacy &c. {mediation) 724; negotiator &c. {agent) 758. ratification, completion, signature, seal, sigil, signet. V. contract, covenant, agree for , engage &c, {^jromise) 768. treat, negotiate, stipulate^ make terms ; bargain &c. {barter) 794. Ynake -, strike- a bargain ; come to -terms, - an understanding ; com- promise &c. 774 ; set at rest; close, - with ; conclude, complete, settle ; confirm, ratify, clench, subscribe, underwrite ; en-, in-dorse; put the seal to ; sign, seal, &c. {attest) 467 ; indent. take one at one's word, bargain by inch of candle. Adj. agreed &c. v. ; conventional ; under hand and seal. Phr. caveat emptor. 770. Conditions. — nr. conditions, terms; articles, - of agree- ment. clauses, provisions ; proviso &c. {qualification) 469 ; covenant, stipula- tion, obligation, idtimatum, sine qua nan ; casus foederis. V. make -, come to- -terms, &c. {contract) 769 ; make it a condition, stipulate, insist upon, make a point of; bind, tie up. Adj. conditional, provisional, guarded, fenced, hedged in. Adv. conditionally &c. {with qualification) 469 ; provisionally, jyro re natd ; on condition. 771. Security.— X. security ; guaran-ty, -tee ; gage, warranty, bond, tie, pledge, pHght, mortgage, debenture, hypothecation, bill of sale, lien, pawn, pignoration ; real security. stake, deposit, earnest, handsel, caution. promissory note ; bill, - of exchange ; I.O.U. ; personal security, covenant, specialty ; parole &:c. {itromise) 768. acceptance, indorsement, signature, execution, stamp, seal. spon-sor, -sion, -sorship ; surety, bail ; mainpernor, hostage. recognizance ; deed -, covenant- of indemnity. authentication, verification, warrant, certificate, voucher, doquet ; record &c. 551; probate, attested copy. receipt ; ac-, quittance ; discharge, release. muniment, title-deed, instrument ; deed, - poll ; assurance, indenture ; charter &c. {compact) 769 ; charter-poll ; paper, parchment, settlement, will, testament, last will and testament, codicil. V. give -security, - bail, - substantial bail ; go bail ; pawn, impawn, spout, mortgage, hypothecate, impignorate. guarantee, warrant, assure ; accept, indorse, underwrite, insure. execute, stamp ; sign, seal, &c. {evidence) 467. let, sett ; grant -, take -, hold- a lease ; hold in pledge ; lend on security «&;c. 787. 772. Observance. — w. obser- I 773. Non-observance. — w. vance, performance, compliance ; obedi- I non-observance &c. 772 ; evasion, iuob- 254 V. (II.) iii.-iv. INTERSOCIAL VOLITION, &c. ^iz—iie. ence &c. 743 ; fulfilment, satisfaction, discharge ; acquit-tance, -tal. a.dhesion, acknowledgment ; fidelity &c. {iJi'ohity) 939; exact &c. 494- ob- servance. V. observe, comply ■with, respect, acknowledge, abide by ; cling to, adhere to, be faithful to, act up to ; meet, ful- fil ; carry -out, - into execution ; exe- cute, perform, keep, satisfy, discharge ; do one's office. perform -, fulfil -, discharge -, acquit oneself of- an obligation ; tnake good ; make good -, keep- one's -word, - pro- mise ; redeem one's pledge ; keep faith with, ^tand to one's engagement. Adj. observant, faithful, true, loyal ; honourable &c. 939 ; true as the -dial to the sun, - needle to the pole ; punct- ual, -ilious ; literal &c. {exact) 494 ; as good as one's word. Adv. faithfully &c. adj. servance, failure, omission, neglect, lach- es, laxity, informality. infringement, infraction ; violation, transgression. retractation, repudiation, nullification ; protest ; forfeiture. lawlessness ; disobedience &c. 742 : bad faith &c. 940. V. fail, neglect, omit, elude, evade, give the go by to, set aside, ignore ; shut -, close- one's eyes to. infringe, transgress, violate, break, trample under foot, do violence to, drive a coach and six through. discard, protest, repudiate, fling to the winds, set at naught, nullify, declare null and void : cancel &c. {^cipe off) 552. retract, go back from, be off", forfeit, go from one's word, palter ; stretch -, strain- a point. Adj. violating &c. v. ; lawless, trans- gressive ; elusive, evasive. unfulfilled &c. {see fulfil &c. 772). 774. Compromise. — wr. com-promise, -mutation, -position ; mid- dle term, mezzo termine ; compensation &c. 30. V. com-promise, -mute, -pound ; take the mean ; split the difierence, meet one half way, give and take ; come to terms &c. {conti'act) 769 ; submit to -, abide by- arbitration ; patch up, bridge over, arrange ; ad- just, - differences ; agree ; make -the best of, - a virtue of necessity ; take the will for the deed. Section IV. Possessive EelationsJ 1°. Pi'operty in geftieral. 775. Acquisition. — w. acquisi- tion ; gaining &c. v. ; obtainment ; pro- cur-atiop, -ement; purchase, descent, inheritance ; gift &c. 784. recovery, retrieval, revendication, re- plevin ; redemption, salvage, trover ; find, trouvaille, foundling. gain, thrift; money-making, -grub- bing ; lucre, filthy lucre, loaves and fishes, the main chance, pelf; emolument &c. {remuneration) 973. profit, earnings, winnings, innings, pickings, net profit ; income &c. (receipt) 810; pro-ceeds, -duce, -duct ; out-come, -put ; return, fruit, crop, harvest ; second crop, aftermath ; benefit t&c. (ffood) 618. 776. XiOSS.-xr. loss; de-, perdition; forfeiture, lapse, privation, bereavement; deprivation &c. {dispossession) 789 ; riddance. V. lose; incur -, experience -, meet with- a loss ; miss ; mislay, let slip, allow to slip through the fingers ; be without &c. {exempt) 777a ; forfeit. get rid of &c. 782; waste &c. 638. be lost, lapse. Adj. losing &c. v. ; not having &c. » 777a. shorn of, deprived of; denuded, be- reaved, bereft, minus, cut off"; dispos- sessed &c. 789 ; rid of, quit of; out of pocket. That is, relations which concern property. 775— 777a. VOLITION. V. (II.) ly. lost &C.V.; long lost ; irretrievable &c. (hopeless) 859; off one's hands. Int. farewell to ! adieu to. sweepstakes, trick, prize, pool ; wealth kc. 803. [Fraudulent acquisition] subreption; stealing &c. 79 1. V. acquire, get, gain, win, earn, ob- tain, procure, gather ; collect &c. {assemble) 72 ; pick, - up ; glean. find ; come -, pitch -, light- upon ; scrape -up, - together ; get in, reap and carry, net, bag, sack, bring home, secure ; derive, draw, get in the harvest. profit ; make -, draw- profit ; turn to -profit, - account ; make -capital out of, - money by ; obtain a return, reap the fruits of; reap -, gain- an advantage ; turn -a penny, - an honest penny ; make the pot boil, bring grist to the mill ; make -, coin -, raise- money ; raise -funds, - the wind ; fill one's pocket &c. {ivealth) 803. treasure up &c. (store) 636; realize, clear; produce &c. 161 ; take &c. 789. get feack, recover, regain, retrieve, revendicate, replevy, redeem, come by one's own. come -by, - in for ; receive «fcc. 785 ; inherit ; step into, - a fortune, - the shoes of ; succeed to. get -hold of, - between one's finger and thumb, - into one's hand, - at ; take -, come into -, enter into- possession. be -profitable &c. adj. ; pay, answer. accrue &c. (be received) 785. Adj. acquir-ing, -ed &c. v. ; profitable, advantageous, gainful, remu- nerative, paying, lucrative. 777. Possession. — W. possession, seisin; ownership Sec. occupancy ; hold, -ing ; tenure, tenancy, feodality, dependency enage, -anage ; socage, chivalry, knight service. exclusive possession, impropriation, monopoly; retention &c. 781 possession, -occupancy ; nine points of the law. future possession, heritage, inheritance, heirship, reversion, fee, seig- niority. bird in hand, uti possidetis, chose in possession. V. possess, have, hold, occupy, enjoy ; be -possessed of &C. adj.-, have -in hand &c. adj. : own &c. 780 ; command. inherit ; come -to, - in for. engross, monopolize, forestall, regrate, impropriate, have all to oneself ; have a firm hold of &c. (retain) 781 ; get into one's hand &c. (acquire) 775. belong to, appertain to, pertain to ; be -in one s possession &c. adj. ; vest in. Adj. possessing &c. v.; worth; possessed of, seised of, master of, in possession of ; endowed -, blest -, instinct -, fraught -, laden -, charged- with. possessed &c. v. ; on hand, by one ; in hand, in store, in stock ; in one's -hands, - grasp, - possession ; at one's -command, - disposal ; one's own &c. (property) 780. unsold ; unshared. 777a. Szexnption. — wr. exemption; absence &c. 187. V. not -have &c. JJJ ; be -without &c. adj. Adj. exempt from, devoid of, without, unpossessed of, unblest with, not -having &c. ^77; unpossessed; untenanted «&;c. (vacant) 1S7 5 without an owner. unobtained, unacquired. 256 780; vill- pre- V. (II.) IV. POSSESSIVE RELATIONS. 778—780. 778. [Joint possession.] Participation. — W, participation ; co-, joint-tenancy ; possession -, tenancy- in common ; joint -, common- stock ; CO-, partnership ; communion; community of -possessions, -goods; communism, socialism ; co-opei-ation &c. 709. snacks, co-portion, picnic, hotchpot ; co-heirship, -parceny, -parcenary ; gavelkind. participator, sharer; co-, partner; shareholder; co-, joint-tenant; tenants in common : co-heir, -parcener. communist, socialist. V. par-ticipate, -take ; share, - in ; come in for a share ; go -shares, - snacks, - halves ; share and share alike. have -, possess -, be seised- -in common, - as joint tenants &c. n. join in ; have a hand in &c. {co-operate) 709. Adj. partaking &c. v. ; communistic. Adv. share and share alike. 779. Possessor. — X. possessor, holder ; occup-ant, -ier ; tenant ; person -, man- -in possession kc.yjj; renter, lodger, lessee, underlessee; zemindar, ryot ; tenant -on sufierauce, - at Avill, - from year to year, - for years, - for life, owner ; propriet-or, -ress, -ary ; impropriator, master, mistress, lord. land-holder, -owner, -lord, -lady ; lord -of the manor, - paramount j heritor, laird, vavasour, landed gentry, mesne lord. cestui-qiie-tmst, beneticiary, mortgagor. grantee, feoffee, relessee, devisee ; legat-ee, -ary. trustee ; holder &c.- of the legal estate ; mortgagee. right -, rightful- owner. [Future possessor] heir, - apparent ; - presumptive ; heiress ; inherit- or, -ress, -rix ; reversioner, remainder-man. 780. Property. — W. property, possession, mum cuiqiie, meum et tuutn. owner-, proprietor-, lord-ship; seignority ; empire c^'c. {dominimi) 737 interest, stake, estate, right, title, claim, demand, holding ; tenure &:c, (possession) 777; vested -, contingent -, beneficial-, equitable- interest use, trust, benefit ; legal -, equitable- estate ; seisin. absolute interest, paramount estate, freehold ; fee, - simple, - tail estate -in fee, - in tail, - tail ; estate in tail -male, - female, - general. limitation, term, lease, settlement, strict settlement, particular estate estate -for life, - for years, - pu?- autre vie; remainder, reversion, expec- tancy, possibility. dower, dowry, jointure, appanage, inheritance, heritage, patrimony, alimony ; legacy&c. {gift) 784. assets, belongings, means, resources, circumstances ; wealth kc. 803 ; money &c. 800 ; what one -is worth, - will cut up for ; estate and eflects. lauded -, real- -estate, - property ; realty ; land, -s ; tenements ; here- ditaments ; corporeal -, incorporeal- hereditaments ; acres ; ground &c. {earth) 342. territory, state, kingdom, principality, realm, empire. manor, honour, domain, demesne; farm, plantation, 7792, catch at, jump at, make a grab at, snap at, snatcli at ; reach, make a long arm, stretch forth one's hand. take -from, - away from ; deduct &c. 38 ; retrench &c. {curtail) 201 ; dispossess, ease one of, snatch from one's grasp ; tear -, tear away -, wrench -, wrest -, wring- from ; extort ; deprive of, bereave. oust &c. {eject) 2<^'j -, divest; levy, distrain, confiscate ; sequest-er, -rate ; usurp ; despoil, strip, fleece, shear, displume, impoverish, eat out of house and home ; drain, - to the dregs ; gut, dry, exhaust, swallow up ; absorb &c. {suck in) 296 ; draw off; suck, - like a leech, - the blood of. retake, resume; recover &c. 775. Adj. taking &c. v. ; privative, prehensile ; pred-aceous, -al, -atory, -atorial ; rap-acious, -torial ; ravenous ; parasitic. bereft &c. 776. Adv. at one fell swoop. Plir. give an inch and take an ell. 791. Stealing*. — W. stealing &c. v. ; theft, thievery, robbery, la- trociny, direption ; abstraction, appropriation ; plagiar-y, -ism ; rape, depredation ; raid. spoliation, plunder, pillage ; sack, -age ; rapine, hriganclnge, foray, razzia \ black-mail; piracy, privateering, buccaneering; filibuster-ing, -ism ; burglary ; house-breaking. peculation, embezzlement ; fraud kc. 545 ; larceny, petty larceny, shop-lifting. thievishness, rapacity, kleptomania, Alsatia ; den of -Oacus, - thieves. licence to plunder, letters of marque. V. steal, thieve, rob, purloin, pilfer, filch, prig, bag, nim, crib, cabbage, palm ; abstract ; appropriate, plagiarize. convey away, carry off, abduct, kidnap, crimp : make -, walk -, run- cfi'with ; run away with ; spirit away ; seize &c. ( lay violent hands on) 789. plunder, pillage, rifle, sack, loot, ransack, spoil, spoliate, despoil, strip, sweep, gut, forage, levy black-mail, pirate, pickeer, maraud, lift cattle, poach, smuggle, run. swindle, peculate, embezzle ; sponge, mulct, rook, bilk, pluck, pigeon, fleece ; defraud &c. 545; obtain under false pretences; live by one's wits. rob -, borrow of- Peter to pay Paul ; set a thief to catch a thief. disregard the distinction between meum and tuum. Adj. thieving &c. v. ; thievish, light-fingered ; fur-acious, -tive ; piratical; pred-aceous, -al, -atory, -atorial; raptorial &c. {rapacious) 789. stolen &c. V. Phr. sic vos nan vobis. 792. Thief. — «r. thief, robber, hoiio ti-ium literai'um, pilferer, rifler, filcher, plagiarist. spoiler, depredator, pillager, marauder ; harpy, shark, land-shark, falcon, moss-trooper, bushranger. Bedouin, brigand, freebooter, bandit, thug, dacoit, pirate, coraair, viking, Paul Jones ; buccan-eer, -ier ; piqu-, pick-eerer ; rover, ranger, privateer, filibuster ; rapparee, wrecker, pica- roon ; smuggler, poacher. highwayman, Dick Turpin, Claude Duval, Macheath, footpad, sturdy beggar. cut-, pick-purse ; pick-pocket, light-fingered gentry ; sharper ; card-, skittle-sharper; thimble-rigger; rook, Greek, blackleg, leg, welsher, 261 •792—796. VOLITION. V. (II.) iv. defaulter ; Autolycus, Jeremy Diddler, Robert Macaire, artful dodger, trickster; swell mob, chevalier iTinclustrie -^ sbop-lifter. swindler, peculator ; forger, coiner ; fence, receiver of stolen goods, duller; smasher. burglar, housebreaker ; cracks-, mags-man ; Bill Sikes, Jask Shep- pai^d, Jonathan Wild. 793. Hooty. — W. booty, spoil, plunder, prize, loot, swag, pickings; spolia opima, prey ; black mail ; stolen goods. Adj. manubial. 3°. Interchanc/e of Property. 794. Barter. — iff. barter, exchange, scorse, truck system ; inter- change &c. 148. a Rowland for an Oliver ; quid j^ro quo ; com-mutation, -position. trade, commerce, mercature, buying and selling, bargain and sale ; traffic, business, nundination, custom, shopping ; commercial enterprise, speculation, jobbing, stock-jobbing, agiotcKje, broker3^ dealing, transaction, negotiation, bargain. free trade. V. barter, exchange, truck, scorse, swop ; interchange &c. 148 ; com- mutate &c. {substitute) i^j ; compound for. trade, traific, buy and sell, give and take, nundinate ; carry on - , ply -, drive- a trade ; be in -business, - the city ; keep a shop, deal in, em- ploy one's capital in. trade -, deal -, have dealings- with ; transact -, do- business with ; open -, keep- an account with. bargain ; drive -, make- a bargam ; negotiate, bid for ; haggle, higgle ; chaffer, huckster, cheapen, beat down ; stickle, - for ; out-, under-bid ; ask, charge ; strike a bargain &c. {contract) 769. speculate, give a sprat to catch a herring ; buy in the cheapest and sell in the dearest market ; rig the market. Adj. commercial, mercantile, trading •, interchangeable, marketable, staple, in the market, for sale. wholesale, retail. Adv. across the counter. 795. Purchase. — w. purchase, emption ; buying, purchasing, shopping; pre-emption, refusal. coemption, bribery. buyer, purchaser, emptor, vendee ; pa- tron, employer, client, cnsiom&r, clientele. V. bu}^, purchase, invest in, procure ; 796. Sale.-xr. sale, vent, disposal; auction, roup, Dutch auction; custom ifec. {tra^c) 794. vendi-bility, -bleness. seller ; vender, vendor ; merchant &c. 797; auctioneer. V. sell, vend, dispose of, effect a sale ; rent »&c. {hire) 788 ; repurchase, buy in. j sell -over the counter, - by auction &c. keep in one's pay, bribe, suborn ; pay i n. ; dispense, retail ; deal in &c. 794 ; &c. 807 ; spend kc. 809. make -, complete- a purchase ; buy over the counter. shop, market, go a shopping. Adj. purchased &c. v. Phr. caveat emptor. ! sell -off, - out ; turn into money, realize bring -to, - under- the hammer ; put up to auction ; offer -, put up- for sale ; hawk, bring to market ; offer &c. 763 ; undersell. let; mortgage &c. {securitif) 771. Adj. under the hammer, in the mar- ket, for sale. I saleable, marketable, vendible ; unsaleable &c., unpurchased, uu- I bought ; on one's hands. 262 V. (11.) IT. POSSESSIVE KELATIONS. 797—802. 797. Ittercliant.— N". mercliant, trader, dealer, monger, chandler, salesman ; changer ; regrater ; shop-keeper, -man ; trades-man, -people, -folk. retailer ; chapman, hawker, huckster, higgler ; pedlar, colporteur, cad- ger, Autolycus ; sutler, vivandiere ; coster-man, -monger ; tallyman, money-broker, -changer, -lender ; cambist, usurer, moneyer, banker, jobber; broker &c. {agent) 758; buyer &c. 795; seller &c. 796. concern; firm &c. {partnership) 712. 798. Z^erchandise. — w. merchandise, ware, commodity, eifects, goods, article, stock, produce, staple commodity ; stock in trade &c. (store) 636 ; cargo &c. {contents) 190. 799. ZHart. — W". mart; market, -place; fair, bazaar, staple, ex- change, change, bourse, hall, guildhall ; toll-booth, custom-house. shop, stall, booth ; wharf; office, chambers, counting-house, iwrefat ; coun-, comp-ter. ware-house, -room; depot, interposit, entrepot, emporium, establish- ment ; store &c. 636. market-overt. 4°. Monetary Relations. 800. ZWoney. — W. money -matters, - market; finance; accounts &c. 811; funds, treasure; capital, stock; assets &c. {property) 780; wealth &c. 803 ; supplies, ways and means, wherewithal, sinews of war, almighty dollar, needful, cash. sum, amount ; balance, -sheet ; proceeds &c. {receipts) 810. currency, circulating medium, specie, coin, piece, hard cash, dollar, sterling coin ; pounds shillings and pence ; £ s. d. ; pocket, breeches pocket, purse ; money in hand ; ready, - money ; rhino, blunt, dust, mopus, tin, salt, chink. precious metals, gold, silver, copper, bullion, ingot, nugget. petty cash, pocket-money, change, small coin ; doit, stiver, rap, mite, farthing, sou, penny, shilling, tester, groat, guinea ; rouleau ; loampum ; good -, round sum ; power of money, plum, lac of rupees. [Science of coins] Numismatics, Chrysology. paper-money ; money -, Post Office- order ; note, - of hand ; bank ^, promissory- note ; I U, bond ; bill, - of exchange ; draft, check, cheque, order, warrant, coiqjon, debenture, exchequer bill, nssignat, greenback. remittance &c. (paijment) 807 ; credit &c. 805 ; liability &c. 806. draw-er, -ee ; oblig-or, -ee ; moneyer, coiner, iJalse -, bad- money ; base coin, fiash note, slip, kite ; Bank cf Elegance. argumentum ad crumenam. V. amount to, come to, moimt up to ; touch the pocket ; draw, - upon: endorse kc. {security) 771; issue, utter; discount &c. 813. Adj. monetary, pecuniary, crumenal, fiscal, financial, sumptuary. 801. Treasurer.— U. treasurer ; bm'sar, -y ; purser, purse-bearer ; cash-keeper, banker ; depositary ; questor, receiver, steward, trustee, accountant, Accountant General, almoner, liquidator, paymaster, cashier, teller ; cambist ; money-changer &c. {mei-chant) 797. financier, Chancellor of the Exchequer, minister of finance. 802. Treasury. — U. treasury, bank, exchequer, fisc, hanaper, 263 B02— 806. VOLITION. V. (II.) IV. bursary; stronpf-box, -hold, -room; coffer; chest &c. {receptacle) 191 ; depository &c. 636 ; till, -er ; purse ; money-bag, -box ; porte-monnaie. ])urse-strings ; pocket, breeches pocket. sinking fund ; stocks ; public -, parliamentary — stocks, - funds, - securities ; Consols, a-edit mobilior. 803. Wealth. — Mr. wealth, riches, fortune, handsome fortune, opvdence, affluence ; good -, easy- circumstances ; independence; competence &c. {su^- ciency) 639; solvency. provision, livelihood, maintenance ; alimony, dowry ; means, resources, sub- stance ; property &c. 780; command of money. income &c. 810; capital, money; round sum &c. (treasure) 800 ; mint of money, mine of wealth, JEl Dorado, Pactolus, Golconda, Potosi. long -, full -, well lined -, heavy- purse ; purse of Fortunatus ; emhari'as de richesses. pelf. Mammon, lucre, filthy lucre ; loaves and fishes. rich -, moneyed -, warm- man ; man of substance ; capitalist, millionnaire, Nabob, Croesus, Midas, Plutus, Dives, Timon of Athens ; Timo-, Pluto-cracy ; iDanae. V. be -rich &c. adj. ; roll -, wallow- in -wealth, - riches. afford, well afford ; command -money, - a sum ; make both ends meet, hold one's head above water. become -rich Sec. adj. ; fill one's -pocket &c. {treasury) 802 ; feather one's nest, make a fortune ; make money Sz,c.(acquire) 77S' . enrich, imburse. worship -Mammon, - the golden calf. Adj. wealth}', rich, affluent, opulent, moneyed, monied, worth much ; well -to do, - off; warm ; well -, provided ibr. made of money ; rich as -Croesus, - a Jew ; rolling in -riches, - wealth. fiush, - of -cash, - money, - tin ; in -funds, - cash, - full feather ; solvent, pecunious, out of debt, all straight. Phr. one's ship coming in. I 304. Poverty. — ir. poverty, in- digence, penury, pauperism, destitution, ; want ; need, -iness ; lack, necessity, pri- : vation, distress, difficulties, wolf at the i door. bad -, poor -, needy -, embarrassed -, reduced -, straitened- circumstances ; [ slender -, narrow- means ; straits ; hand to mouth existence, res angusta domif low water, impecuniosit}^ beggary ; mendi-cancy, -city ; broken -, loss of- fortune ; insolvency &c. {non- payment) 808. empty -purse, - pocket ; light purse ; beggarly account of empty boxes. poor man, pauper, mendicant, mum- per, beggar, starveling ; pauvre diahle. V. be -poor &c. adj.-, want, lack, starve, live from hand to mouth, have seen better days, go down in the world, come upon the parish ; go to -the dogs, - wrack and ruin ; not have a -penny &c. {money) 800, - shot in one s locker ; beg one's bread ; tirer le diahle par la queue ; run into debt Sec. {debt) 806. render -poor Sec. adj. ; impoverish ; reduce, - to poverty ; pauperize, fleece, ruin, bring to the parish. Adj. poor, indigent; poverty-stricken; badly -, poorly -, ill- off"; poor as -a rat, - a church mouse, - Job ; fortune-, dower-, money-, penni-less ; unportioned, unmoneyed ; impecunious ; out -, short- of -money, - cash ; without -, not worth- a rap &c. {money) 800; guinea pas le sou, out of pocket, hard up ; out at -elbows, - heels ; seedy, bare-footed ; beggar -ly, -ed ; destitute; fleeced, stripped ; bereft, bereaved ; reduced. in -want Seen.; needy, necessitous, distressed, pinched, straitened ; put to one's -shifts, - last shifts ; unable to -keep the wolf froin the door, - make both ends meet; embarrassed, under hatches; involved Sec. {in debt) 806; insolvent Sec. {not pay in y) 808. Adv. in forma pauperis. Pbr. zonam p>erdidit. 805. Credit. — nr. credit, trust, I 806. Debt. — w. debt, obligation, tick, score, tally, account. j liability, indebtment, debit, score. 264 V. (II.) IV. letter of credit, circular note ; dupli- cate ; mortgage, lien, debenture, paper credit, floating capital. creditor, lender, lessor, mortgagee ; dun ; usurer. V. keep -, run up- an account with ; entrust, credit, accredit. place to one's -credit, - account ; give -, take- credit ; fly a kite. Adj. credit-ing, -ed ; accredited. Adv. on -credit &c. n. ; to the -account, - credit- of. POSSESSIVE RELATIONS. 805—808. arrears, deferred payment, deficit, de- fault : insolvency &c. {non-pay merit) SoS-^ bad debt. interest; usance, usury; floating -debt, - capital. debtor, debitor ; mortgagor ; defaulter &:c. 808 ; borrower. V. be -in debt &c. adj. ; owe ; incur -, contract- a debt &c. n.; run up -a bill, - a score, - an account ; go on tick ; borrow &c. 788 ; run -, get- into debt ; outrun the constable, answer -, go bail- for. Adj. indebted; liable, chargeable, answerable for. in -debt, - embarrassed cireurasta'.ces, - difficulties; incumbered, in- volved ; involved -, plunged -, deep -, over head and ears- in debt ; deeply involved ; fast tied up ; insolvent &c. {not imying) 808 ; minus ^ out ot" pocket. unpaid; unrequited, unrewarded ; owing, due, in arrear, outstanding. 807. Payment.— w. pay-, defray- ment; discharge; ac-, quittance ; settle- ment, clearance, liquidation, satisfaction, reckoning, arrangement. acknowledgment, release ; receipt, - in full, - in full of all demands ; voucher. repayment, reimbursement, retribu- tion ; pay t&c. {reivard) 973 ; money paid &c. {expenditure) 809. ready money &c. {cash) 800; stake, remittance, instalment. payer, liquidator, &c. 801. V. pay, defray, make payment ; pay -down, - on the nail, - ready money, - at sight, - in advance ; cash, honour a bill, acknowledge ; redeem. pay one's -way, - shot, - footing ; pay -the piper, - sauce for all, - costs ; do the needful ; shell -, fork- out ; come down with, - the dust ; tickle -, grease- the palm; expend kc. 809; put-, lay- down. discharge, settle, . quit, acquit oneself of ; account -, reckon -, settle -, be even -, be quits- with ; strike a balance ; settle -, balance -, square- accounts with ; quit scores ; wipe -, clear- ott' old scores ; satisfy ; pay m full ; satisfy -, pay in full of- all demands ; clear, liqui- date ; pay -up, - old debts. disgorge, make repayment ; repay, refund, reimburse, retribute ; make compensation &c. 30. Adj. paying &c., paid Szc. v.; owing nothing, out of debt, all straight ; unowed, never indebted. Adv. to the tune of; on the nail, money down. 808. Non-payment.— sr. non- payment ; default, defalcation ; protest, repudiation; application of the sponge; whitewashing. insolvency, bankruptcy, failure ; in- sufliciency &c. 640 ; run upon a bank. waste paper bonds ; dishonoured -, protested- bills. bankrupt, insolvent debtor, lame duck, man of straw, welsher, stag, defaulter, levanter. V. not -pay &c. 807 ; fail, break, stop payment ; become -insolvent, - bankrupt ; be gazetted. protest, dishonour, repudiate, nullify. pay under protest ; button up one s pockets, draw the purse strings ; apply the sponge ; pay over the left shoulder, get whitewashed ; swindle &c. 791 ; run up bills, fly kites. Adj. not paying ; in debt Szc. 806 ; behindhand, in arrear; beggared &c. {poor) 804 ; unable to make both ends meet; minus\ worse than nothing. insolvent, bankrupt, in the gazette, gazetted. unpaid &c. {outstanding) 806 ; gratis &c. 815 ; unremunerated. 265 809—813. VOLITION. V. (11.) IV. 810. Receipt.— nr. receipt, value received, money coming- in ; income, in- comings, inning-s, revenue, return, pro- ceeds ; gross receipts, net profit ; earn- ings &c. if/ain) 775. rent, - roll ; rent-al, -age ; rack-rent. premium, bo7ius ; sweepstakes, tontine. pension, annuity; jointure &c. (p-o- perti/) 780 ; alimony, pittance ; emolu- ment ifcc. {reinuneration) 973, V. receive &c. 785; take money; draw -, derive- from ; acquire &c. 775 ; take &c. 789. bring- in, yield, aflbrd, pay, return ; accrue &c. {he received fi'om) 785. Adj. receiv-ing, -ed, &c. v. ; profit- able &c. {gainful) 775. 809. Expenditure.— N". expen- diture, money going out; out-going-s, -lay; expenses, disbursement ; prime cost &c. {price) 812; circulation; run upon a bank. [Money paid] payment kc. 807 ; pay &c. (remunerafyion) 973 ; bribe &c. 973 ; fee, footing, garnish ; subsidy ; tribute ; contingent, quota ; donation &c. 784. pay in advance, earnest, bandsel, de- posit, instalment. investment; purchase &c. 795. V. expend, spend ; run -, g-et- through ; pay, disburse ; open -, loose -, untie- the purse strings ; lay -, shell -, fork- out ; bleed ; make up a sum, invest, sink money. fee &c. {reward) 973 ; pay one's way »fcc. {pay) 807; subscribe &c. {give) 784; subsidize. Adj. expend-ing, -ed, &c. v. ; sump- tuary. 811. Accounts. — W. accounts, accompts: commercial -, mone- tary- arithmetic; statistics &c. {numeration) 85 ; money matters, finance, budget, bill, score, reckoning, account. books, account book, ledger; day -, cash -, pass- book; journal; debtor and creditor -, cash -, running- account ; account-current ; balance, - sheet ; conipte i-endu, account settled. book-keeping, audit, double entry, reckoning. accountant, auditor, actuary, bookkeeper ; financier &c. 801 ; account- ing party. V. keep accounts, enter, post, book, credit, debit, carry over ; take stock ; balance -, make up -, square -, settle -, wind up -, cast u.o- accounts ; make accounts square. bring to book, audit, tax, surcharge and falsify, falsify -, fi-arble -, cook -, doctor- an account. Adj. monetary &c. 800 : account-able, -ing. 812. Price. — w. price, amount,; 813. Discount. — M". discount, cost, expense, prime cost, charge, figure, j abatement, reduction, depreciation, al- demand, damage, fare, hire ; wages &c. | lowance, qualification, set ofi", drawback, {remuneration) ()"] ■T,, j poundage, agio, per-centage; rebate, dues, duty, toll, tax, impost, cess, ! -ment ; backwardation, contango ; sal- sess, tallage, lev}^ ; gabel, gabelle ; gavel, I vage ; tare and tret. octroi, custom, excise, assessment, be- i V. discount, bate ; a-, re-bate ; re- nevolence, tithe, tenths, exactment, ran- | duce, take ofi', allow, give, make allow- som, salvcage, tarifi"; broker-, wharf-, | ance ; tax. freight-age. j Adj. discounting &c. v. worth, rate, value, valuation, appraise- j Adv. at a discount, below par. ment, money's worth ; penny &c. -worth ; price current, market price, quotation ; ' what it will -fetch &c. v. bill &c. {account) 811 ; shot. V. bear -,set -, fix- a price ; appraise, assess, price, charge, demand, ask, require, exact, run up ; distrain ; run up a bill &c. {debt) 806 ; have one's price ; liquidate. 266 V. (II.) lY. POSSESSIVE EELATIONS. 81Z— 819. amount to, come to, mount up to ; stand one in. ietcli, sell for, cost, brinj^ in, yield, afford. Adj. priced &c. v. ; to the tune of, ad valoj'em ; mercenary, venal. Phr. no penny no paternoster ; j^^^^t cVaryent point de Suisse, no longer pipe no longer dance, no song no supper, one may have it for. 814. Dearness. — zr. dearness &c. adj. ; high -, famine- price ; over- charge; extravagance; exorbitance, ex- tortion ; heavy pull upon the purse. v. be -dear &c. adj. ; cost -much, - a pretty penny ; rise in price, look up. overcharge, bleed, iieece, extort. pay -too much, - through the nose, - too dear for one's whistle. Adj. dear; high, - priced; of great price, expensive, costly, precious, worth a Jew's eye, dear bought ; unreasonable, extravagant, exorbitant, extortionate. at a premium ; not to be had, - for love or money ; beyond -, above- price ; priceless, of priceless value. Adv. dear, -ly; at great -, heavy- cost ; a grands frais. Phr. prices looking up ; le jeu ne vaut pas la chandelle. \ free ; free of -cost, - expense 815. Cheapness.— ir. cheapness, low price ; depreciation ; bargain ; good penny &c.- worth. [Absence of charge] gi-atuity ; Irec; -quarters, - seats, - admission ; nominal price, peppercorn rent ; labour of love. drug in the market. V. bo -cheap &c. adj. ; cost little ; come down -, fall- in price.. buy for -a mere nothing, - an old song ; have one's money's worth. Adj. cheap ; low, - priced ; moderate, reasonable ; in-, un-expensive ; well -, worth the money ; magnifique etpas cher ; good -, cheap- at the price ; dirt -, dog- cheap ; cheap -as dirt, - and nasty; catchpenny. half-])rice, depreciated, unsaleable. gratuitous, gratis, free, for nothing; cost-, expense-less ; without charge, not charged, untaxed ; scot -, shot -, rent- honorar}"-, unbought, unpaid, •cost price, - prime cost, - a reduction. 816. Ziiberality. — w. liberality, generosity, munificence ; bount-y, -eous- ness, -ifulness ; hospitality ; charity &c. (henpjicence) 906. V. be -liberal &c. adj. ; spend -, bleed- freely ; shower down upon ; open one's purse stiings t&c. {disburse) 809 ; spare no expense, give carte blanche. Adj. liberal, free, generous; charitable Sec. (beneficent) go6 ', hospitable; bount- iful, -eous ; liandsome ; unsparing, un- grudging ; open-, free-, full-handed ; open-, large-, free-hearted; munificent, princely. overpaid. 817. Economy. — xr. economy, frugality ; thrift, -iness ; care, husbandry, good housewifery, savingness, retrench- ment. savings ; prevention of waste, saveall ; cheese parings and candle ends ; parsi- mony &c. 819. V. be -economical &c. adj.-, econo- mize, save ; retrench ; cut one's coat according to one's cloth, make both ends meet, keep within compass, meet one's expenses, pay one's way ; husband &c. {lag bg) 636 ; save -, invest- money ; put out to interest ; provide -, save- -for, - against- a rainy day; feather one's nest ; look after the main chance. Adj. economical, frugal, careful, thrifty, saving, chary, spare, sparing; parsimonious &c. 819. underpaid. Adv. sparingly &c. adj. ; ne quid nimis. 818. Prodigality.— w. prodi- 1 819. Parsimony. --- w. parsi- gality, -gence ; unthriftiness, waste ; 1 mony, parcity ; parsimoniousness, stingi- profus-ion, -eness ; extravagance ; squan- j ness, &c. adj. ; stint ; illiberality, avarice, dering &c. v. ; malversation. j tenacity, avidity, rapacity, extortion, 367 818—819. VOLITION. V. (II.) IV. prodigal ; spend-, waste-thrift ; losel, squanderer, locust. V. he -prodigal &c. ftdj.-, squander, lavish, sow broadcast ; pour forth like water ; pay through the nose &c. (dear) 814; spill, waste, dissipate, exhaust, drain, eat out of house and home, over- draw, outrun the constable ; run -out, - through •, misspend ; throw -good money after bad, - the helve after the hatchet ; burn the candle at both ends ; make ducks and drakes of one's money ; fool -, potter -, muddle -, fritter -, throw- away one's money; pour water into a sieve, kill the goose that lays the golden eggs : manger son ble en herhe. Adj. prodigal, profuse, thriftless, un- thrifty, improvident, wasteful, losel, ex- t ravagant, lavish, dissipated, over liberal : lull-handed &c. {liberal) 816. penny wise and pound foolish. Adv. with an unsparing hand ; money burning one's pocket. venality, cupidity ; selfishness &c. 943 ; aurt sacra fames. miser, niggard, churl, screw, skinflint, crib, codger, muckworm, scrimp, lick- penny, hunks, curmudgeon, llarpagon, harpy, extortioner, Jew, usurer. V. be -parsimonious kc. adj. ; grudge, begrudge, stint, pinch, gripe, screw, dole out, hold back, withhold, starve, famish, live upon nothing, skin a flint. drive a -bargain, - hard bargain ; cheapen, beat down ; stop one hole in a sieve ; have an itching palm, grasp, grab. Adj. parsimonious, penurious, stmgy, miserly, mean, shabby, peddling, scrubby, penny wife, near, niggardly, close ; fast-, close-, strait-handed; close-, hard-, tight- listed ; tight, sparing ; chary ; grudging, griping, &c. v.; illiberal, ungenerous, churlish, hide-bound, sordid, mercenary, venal, covetous, usurious, avaricious, greedy, extortionate, rapacious. Adv. with a sparing hand. 268 YI.i. GENERAL AFFECTIONS. 820-821^ CLASS VI. Words kelating to the SENTIENT and MOKAL POWERS. Section I. AFFECTIONS IN GENERAL. 820. Affections. — w. affections, character, qualities, disposition, nature, spirit, tone ; temper, -anient ; diathesis, idiosyncrasy ; cast -, habit -, frame- of -mind, - soul ; predilection, turn ; natural -, turn of mind ; "bent, bias, predisposition, proneness, proclivity ; propen-sity, -sadness, -sion, -dency ; vein, humour, mood, grain, mettle ; sympathy &c. (love) 897. soul, heart, breast, bosom, inner man ; heart's -core, - strings, -blood; heart of hearts, penetralia mentis ; secret and inmost recesses of the -, cockles of one's- heart ; inmost- heart, - soul ; back-bone. passion, pervading spirit ; ruling -, master- passion ; furore ; fulness of the heart, heyday of the blood, Hesh and blood, flow of soul. V. have -, possess- -affections &c. n. ; be of a -character &c. n. ; be -affected &c. adj.-, breathe. Adj. affected, characterized, formed, moulded, cast ; at-, tempered ; framed ; pre-, disposed ; prone, inclined ; having a -bias &c. n. ; tinctured -, imbued -, penetrated -,. eaten up- with. inborn, inbred, ingrained ; deep-rooted, ineffaceable, inveterate ; patho- scopic. Adv. in one's -heart &c. n. ; at heart; heart and soul &c. 821. 821. reeling".— W. feeling; suffering &c. v.; endurance, toler- ance, sufferance, supportance, experience, response ; sympathy &c. (love?) 897 ; impression, inspiration, aflection, sensation, emotion, pathos, deep sense. warmth, glow, unction, gusto, vehemence ; ferv-our, -ency ; heartiness, cordiality ; earnestness, eagerness ; empressement, ardour, zeal, passion, enthusiasm, verve, furore, fanaticism ; excitation of feeling &c. 824 ; fulness of the heart &c. (disposition) S20 ; passion &c. (state of excita- bility) 825 ; ecstasy &c. (pleasure) 827. blush, suffusion," flush ; hectic ; tingling, thrill, turn, shock ; agitation i&c, (irregidar motion) 315 ; quiver, heaving, flutter, flurry, fluster, twit- ter, tremor ; throb, -bing ; pulsation, palpitation, panting ; trepid-, per- turb-ation ; ruffle, hurry of spirits, pother, stew, ferment. V. feel ; receive an -impression &c. n. ; be -impressed with &c. adj. ; entertain -, harbour -, cherish- -feeling &c. n. respond ; catch the -flame, - infection ; enter the spirit of. bear, suffer, support, sustain, endure, thole, aby; abide &c. (be composed) 269 Q21— 823. AFFECTIONS. VI. T. 826 ; experience &c. {meet with) 1 5 1 ; taste, prove ; labour -, smart- under ; bear the brunt of, brave, stand. swell, glow, warm, flush, blush, cliBnge colour, mantle ; turn -colour, - pale, - red, - black in the face ; tingle, thrill, heave, pant, throb, pal- pitate, go pit-a-pat, tremble, quiver, flutter, twitter ; shake &c. 315 ; be -agitated, - excited &c. 824 ; look -blue, - black ; wince, draw a deep breath. impress Sec. {excite the feelings) 824. Adj. iiseling &c. v.; sentient; sensuous; sensor-ial, -y ; emo-tive, -tional ; of -, with -feeling &c. n. warm, quick, lively, smart, strong, sharp, acute, cutting, piercing, incisive ; keen, - as a razor ; trenchant, pungent, racy, picivAmt, poig- nant, caustic. impressive, deep, profound, indelible ; deep-, home-, heart-felt ; swel- ling, soul -stirring, deep-mouthed, heart-expanding, electric, thrilling, rapturous, ecstatic. earnest, wistful, eager, breathless ; fer-vent, -vid : gushing, passionate, warmhearted, hearty, cordial, sincere, zealous, enthusiastic, glowing, ardent, burning, red-hot, fiery, flaming ; boiling, - over. pervading, penetrating, absorbing ; rabid, raving, feverish, fanatical, hysterical; impetuous &c. {excitable) S2$. impressed -, moved -, touched -, aflected -, penetrated -, seized -, imbued &c. 820- with ; devoured by ; wrought up &c. {excited) 824 ; struck all of a heap ; rapt ; in a -quiver &c. n. ; enraptured &c. 829. Adv. heart and soul, from the bottom of one's heart, ab imo pectore, at heart, con amove, heartily, devoutly, over head and ears. Phr. the heart -big, - full, - swelling, - beating, - pulsating, - throbbing, - thumping, - beating high, - melting, - overflowing, - burst- ing, - breaking. 822. Sensibility. — W. sensi- bility, -bleness, -tiveness ; moral sensi- bility; impress-, aflect-ibility ; suscepti- bleness, -bility, -vity ; mobility ; viva- city, -ciousness ; tender-, soft-ness ; sen- timental-ity, -ism. excitability &c. 825 ; fastidiousness &c. 868; physical sensibility &c. 375. sore -point, - place ; where the shoe pinches. V. be -sensible &c. adj. ; have a -ten- der, - warm, - sensitive- heart. take to -, treasure up in the- heart ; shrink. 'die of a rose in aromatic pain ' ; touch to the quick. Adj. sensi-ble, -tive ; impressi-ble, -onable ; suscepti-ve, -ble ; alive to, im- passionable, gushing; warm-, tender-, soft-hearted ; tender -, as a chicken ; soft, sentimental, romantic ; enthusiastic, highflying, spirited, mettlesome, viva- cious, lively, expressive, mobile, tremb- lingly alive ; excitable &c. 825 ; over- sensitive, without skin, thin-skinned; fastidious &c. 868. 270 823. Insensibility.— w. insensi- bility, -bleness ; moral insensibility ; in- ertness, inertia, vis inertice ; impassi-bility , -bleness ; inappetency, apathy, phlegm, dulness, hebetude, supineness,lukewarm- ness. cold -fit, - blood, - heart ; cold-, cool- ness; frigidity, s«??r/ fmf/ ; stoicism, im- perturbation, &c. {inexcitabilitj/) 826; nonchalance, unconcern, dry eyes ; in- souciance &c. {indifference) 866; reck- lessness &c. 863 ; callousness ; heart of stone, stock and stone, marble, deadness. torp-or, -idity; obstupefaction, le- thargy, coma, trance ; sleep &c. 683 ; suspended animation ; stup-or, -efaction ; paralysis, palsy; numbness &c. {phi/si- cal ituensibility) 376. neutrality; quietism, vegetation. V. be -insensible &c. adj. ; have a rhinoceros hide ; show -insensibility &c. n. ; not -mind, - care, - be aftected by ; have no desire for kc. 866 ; have -, feel -, take- no interest in ; nil adniirari ; not care a -straw &c. {unimportance) 643 for ; disregard «S:c. {neglect) 460 ; set at VI. GENERAL AFFECTIONS. 8ZZ— 824. Adv. sensibly &c. adj. ; to the -quick, inmost core. naught &c. {make ligJit of) 483 ; turn a deaf ear to &c. (inattentiim) 458 ; vege- tate. render -insensible, - callous; blunt, obtund, numb, benumb, paralyze, chloro- form, deaden, hebetate, stun, stupefy ; brut-ify, -alize ; assify. inure ; harden, - the heart ; steel, case-harden, sear. Adj. insensible, unconscious ; impassi-ve, -ble ; blind to, deaf to, dead to ; un-, in-susceptible ; uuimpress-ionable, -ible ; passion-, spirit-;, heart-, soul-less ; unfeeling. apathetic ; leuco-, phlegmatic ; dull, frigid; cold, -blooded, -hearted ; cold as charity; flat, maudlin, obtuse, inert, supine, sluggish, torpid : sleepy &c. (inactive) 683 ; languid, lialf-hearted, tame ; numb, -ed ; comatose ; anaesthetic &c. 376 ; stupefied, chloroformed, palsy-stricken. indifferent, lukewarm ; careless, mindless, regardless ; inattentive &c. 458; neglectful &c. 460; disregarding. unconcerned, nonchalant , jjococurante, insouciant, sans souci; unam- bitious Sec. 866. un-afl'ected, -ruffled, -impressed, -inspired, -excited^ -moved, -stirred, -touched, -shocked, -struck ; unblushing &c. {shameless) 885 ; unani- mated ; vegetative. callous, thick-skinned, pachydermatous, impervious ; hard, -ened ; inured, case-hardened ; steeled -, proof- against ; imperturbable &:c. {ineacitable) 826 ; unfelt. Adv. insensibly &c. adj.-, (equo animoi without being -moved, - touched, - impressed ; in cold blood ; with -dry eyes, - withers unwrung. Phr. never mind ; it is of no consequence &c. {unimpoj'tant) 643 ; it cannot be helped ; nothing coming amiss ; it is all -the same, - one- to. 824. Excitation. — u. excitation of feeling ; mental -, excite- ment; suscitation, galvanism, stimulation, piquancy, provocation, in- spiration, calling forth, infection ; animation, agitation, perturbation ; subjugation, fascination, intoxication; en-, ravishment; entrancement, high pressure. imction, impressiveness, kc. adj. trial of temper, casus belli; irritation &c. {anger) 900; passion &c. {state of excit ability) 825 ; thrill iSrc. {feeling) 821 ; repression of feeling &c. 826. V. excite, affect, touch, move, impress, strike, interest, animate, in- spire, impassion, smite, infect ; stir -, fire -, warm- the blood ; set astir ; a-, wake ; a-, waken ; call forth ; e-, pro-voke ; raise up, summon up, call up, wake up, blow up, get up, light up ; raise ; get up the steam, rouse, arouse, stir, fire, kindle, enkindle, apply the torch, set on fire, inflame. stimulate ; ex-, suscitate ; inspirit ; spirit up, stir up, work up ; infuse life into, give new life to ; bring -, introduce- new blood ; quicken ; sharpen, whet ; work upon &c. {incite) 615 ; hurry on, give a fillip, put on one's mettle. fan the -fire, - flame ; blow the coals, stir the embers ; fan, - into a flame ; foster, heat, warm, foment, raise to a fever heat ; keep -up, - the pot boiling ; revive, rekindle : rake up, rip up. stir -, play on -, come home to- the feelings ; touch -a string, - a chord, - the soul, - the heart ; go to one's heart, penetrate, pierce, go through one, touch to the quick ; possess -, pervade -, penetrate -, imbrue -, absorb -, affect -, disturb- the soul. 271 824—826. AFFECTIONS. VI. I. absorb, rivet the attention •, sink into the -mind, - heart ; prey on the mind ; intoxicate ; over-whelm, -power 5 boideverser, upset, turn one's head. fascinate ; enrapture &c. {give ^yleasufe) 829. agitate, perturb, ruffle, lluster, shake, disturb, startle, shock, stagger ; give one a -shock, - turn ; strike all of a heap ; stun, astound, electrify, galvanize, petrify. irritate, sting; cut, - to the -heart, - quick ; try one's temper; fool to the top of ones bent, pique ; infuriate, madden, make ones blood boil ; lash into fury &c. {ivrath) 900. be -excited &c. adj. ; flash up, flare up ; catch the infection ; thrill &c. {feel) 821 ; mantle; work oneself up ; seethe, boil, simmer, foam, fume, flame, rage, rave ; run mad &c. {passion) 825. Adj. excited Szc. v. ; wrought up, on the qui vive, astir, sparkling; in a -quiver &c, 821, - fever, - ferment, - blaze, - state of excitement ; in hysterics ; black in the face, over-wrought ; hot, red-hot, flushed, feverish ; all -of a twitter, - in a pucker ; with -quivering lips, - tears in one's eyes. flaming ; boiling, - over ; ebullient, seething ; foaming, - at the mouth; fuming, raging, carried away by passion, wild, raving, frantic, mad, distracted, beside oneself, out of one's wits, ready to burst, boule- verse, demoniacal. lost, ejierdu, tempest-tossed ; haggard ; ready to sink. stung to the quick, up, on one's high ropes. exciting &c. v. ; impressive, warm, glowing, fervid, swelling, imposing, spirit-stirring, thrilling ; high-wrought ; soul-stirring, -subduing ; heart- swelling, -thrilling; agonizing ko.. {painful) 830; telling, sensational, hysterical; over-powering, -whelming ; more than flesh and blood can bear. jnquant &c. {jmnffent) 392 ; spicy, appetizing, provocative, ^)7'oz;o^m«w?^, tantalizing. Adv. till one is black in the face. Phr. the heart -beating high, - going pit-a-pat, - leaping into one's mouth ; the blood -being up, - boiling in one's veins ; the eye -glisten- ing, - ' in a fine frenzy rolling ' ; the head turned. 825. [Excess of sensitiveness.] Ex- I 826. [Absence of excitability, or of citability. — u. excitability, impe- I excitement.] Xnexcitability. — N". tuosity, vehemence ; boisterousness &c. | inexcit-, imperturb-, inirrit-ability ; even adj. ; turbulence ; impatience, intoler- i temper, tranquil mind, dispassion ; to- ance, non-endurance ; irritability &c. | lerance, patience. {irascihility) 901; itching &c. {desire) \ passiveness &c. {physical inertness) 865; wincing; disquiet, -ude; restless-! 172; hebet-ude, -ation; impassibility ness ; fidget-s, -tiness ; agitation &c. {ir- \ &c. {iyisensibilitAj) 823 ; stupefaction. regular motion) 315. coolness, calmness, &c. adj.; compo- trepidation, perturbation, ruffle, hurry, sure, placidity, indisturbance, impertur- fuss, flurry ; fluster, flutter ; pother, stew, batiou, sangfroid, tranquillity, serenity ; ferment ; 'whirl; thrill &c. (7(?e/m/7) 821 ; quiet, -ude; peace of mind, mental state -, fever- of excitement ; transport, calmness. passion, excitement, flush, heat ; fever, staiduess kc. adj. ; gravity, sobriety, -heat ; fire, flame, fume, blood boiling ; Quakerism ; philosophy, equanimitv, tumult; effervescence, ebullition; boil- stoicism, command of temper; solf- ing, - over ; whiff, gust, storm, tempest ; possession, -control, -command, -re- scene, breaking out, burst, fit, paroxysm, , straint ; presence of mind, explosion; out-break, -burst ; agony. | submission &c. 725 ; resignation ; suf- violence &c. 173J fierceness Ika.adj.', \ fer-, support-, endur-,longsufler-,forl3ear- 272 VI. I. GENERAL AFFECTIONS. 825—826. rage, fury, fwor, furore, desperation, madness, distraction, raving, delirium ; phrensy, frenzy, hysterics ; intoxication ; tearing -, raging- passion ; anger &c. 900. fascination, infatuation, fanaticism ; Quixot-ism, -ry ; fete montce. V. be -impatient &c. (((Ij-'i not be able to -bear &c. 826 ; bear ill, wince, ance ; longanimity ; fortitude ; patience -of Job, - ' on a monument/ - ' sove- reign o'er transmuted ill ' ; moderation ; repression -, subjugation- of feeling j restraint &c. 751. tranquillization Sec. {vwderation) 174. V. be -composed &c. adj. laisssr -/aire, - aller : take things -easily, - as they come ; take it easy, rub on, chafe, champ the bit ; be in a -stew kc. \ live and let live ; take -easily, - coolly, n. ; be out of all patience, hdget, fuss, - in good part ; cequam servare mentem. not have a wink of sleep; toss, - on one's pillow. lose one's temper &c. 900; break -, burst -, fly- out \ go -, fly- -oft', - oft" at a tangent ; explode ; flare up, flame up, Are up, burst into a flame, take tire, fire, burn ; boil, - over ; foam, fume, rage, rave, rant, tear ; go -, run- -wild, - mad ; go into hysterics ; run -riot, - a muck ; hattre la canipagne, faire le diahle a quatre, play the deuce. Adj. excitable, easily excited, in an excitable state ; initable &c. (irascible) 901; impatient, intolerant. feverish, febrile, hysterical ; delirious, mad, moody, maggoty-headed. unquiet, mercurial, electric, galvanic, hasty, hurried, restless, fidgety, fussy ; chafing kc. v. startlish, mettlesome, high mettled, skittish. vehement, demonstrative, violent, wild, furious, fierce, fiery, hot-headed, mad- cap. over-zealous, enthusiastic, impassioned, fanatical ; rabid kc. {eager) 865. rampant, clamorous, uproarious, tur- bulent, tempestuous, tumultuary, bois- terous. impulsive, impetuous, passionate ; un- controll-ed, -able ; ungovernable, irre- pressible, stanchless, inextinguishable, burning, simmering, volcanic, ready to burst forth. excit-ed, -ing, kc. 824. Int. pish ! pshaw ! Plir. noli me tangere. bear, - well, - the brunt ; go through, support, endure, brave, disregard. tolerate, sufier, stand, bide ; abide, aby ; bear -, put up -, take up -, abide- with ; acquiesce ; submit &c. {yield) 725 ; submit with a good grace ; resign -, re- concile- oneself to ; brook, digest, eat, swallow, pocket, stomach ; make -fight of, - the best of, - a virtue of necessity; put a good face on, keep one's counte- nance ; check &c. 751- oneself compose, appease, &:c. {moderate) 174 ; propitiate; repress &c. {restrain) J^i \ render insensible &c, 823; overcome -, allay -, repress- one's -excitability &c. 825 ; master one's feelings. make -oneself, - one's mind- easy ; set one's mind at -ease, - rest. calm -, cool- down ; thaw, grow cool. be -borne, -endured ; go down. Adj. in-, un - excitable ; impertur-^ bable ; unsusceptible &c. {insensible) ^23 ; un-, dis-passionate ; cold-blooded, inirri- table ; enduring &c. r. ; stoical, Pla- tonic, philosophic, staid, stayed ; sober, - minded ; grave ; sober -, grave- as a judge ; sedate, demure, cool-headed. easy - going, peaceful, placid, calm ; quiet, - as a mouse ; tranquil, serene ^ cool, - as -a cucumber, - custard ; un- demonstrative. temperate *S:c. {nwderate) 174; com- posed, collected; un-excited, -stirred, -ruffled ; -disturbed, -perturbed, -impas- sioned ; unofFended ; unresisting. meek, tolerant; patient, - as Job; submissive kc. 725 ; tame ; content, resigned, chastened, subdued, lamblike; gentle, - as a lamb ; suaviter in modo ; i mild, - as mother's milk ; soft as pepper- mint; armed with patience, bearing with, clement, long-suffering. Adv. 'like patience on a monument smiling at grief ' ; o'quo animo, in cold blood kc. 823 ; more in sorrow than in anger. Int. patience ! and shuffle the cards. 273 827—828. AFFECTIONS. VI. ir. 1^ Section II. PERSONAL AFFECTIONS.* 1°. Passive Afpections. 827. Pleasure. — w. pleasure, gratification, enjoyment, fruition ; ob-, de-lectation ; relish, zest ; gusto Sec. (phy- ncal jjleasure) 377 ; satisfaction &c. {con- lent) 831 ; complacency. well-being; good &c. 618; snugness, comfort, ease ; cushion &c. 215; sans souci, mind at ease. joy, gladness, delight, glee, cheer, sun- shine ; cheerfulness &c. 836. treat, refreshment; amusement &c. 840 ; luxury &c. ^^JJ. mens sana in corpore sano. happiness, felicity, bliss ; beati-tude, rfication ; enchantment, transport, rap- ture, ravishment, ecstacy ; sumvmni ho- num; paradise, elysium, &c. {heaven^ 98 r ; third -, seventh- heaven ; unalloyed ^happiness &c. honeymoon ; palmy -, halcyon- days ; golden -age, - time : Satuniia refjna, Arcadia, happy vallej^, Agapemone. V. be pleased &c. 829 ; feel -, ex- perience- -pleasure &c. n. ; joy ; enjoy -, hug- oneself; be in -clover &c, 377, - elysium &c. 981 ; tread on enchanted ground ; fall -, go- into raptures. feel at home, breathe freely, bask in the sunshine. be -pleased &c. 829- with ; receive -, derive- pleasure &c. n.- from ; take -plea- sure &c. n- in ; delight in, rejoice in, indulge in, luxuriate in ; gloat over &c. {physical jjleasure) 2>77 » ^^.j*^}'? relish, like : love &c. 897 ; take -to, - a fancy to ; have a liking for ; enter into the spirit of. take in good part. treat oneself to, solace oneself with. Adj. pleased &c. 829; not sorry; glad, -some ; pleased as Punch. happy, blest, blessed, blissful, beati- fied ; happy as -a king, - the day is long ; thrice happy, ter quaterque heatus ; enjoying &c. v. ; joyful &c. (in sjnrits) 836; hedonic. in -a blissful state, - paradise &c. 981, - raptures, - ecstasies, - a transport I of delight. I 828. Pain.— IT. mental suffering, pain, dolour; sulfer-ing, -ance; ache, smart, &c. {^yhysical pain) 378 ; passion. displeasure, dissatisfaction, discom- fort, discomposure, disquiet ; malaise ; inquietude, uneasiness, vexation of spi- rit ; taking ; discontent &c. 832. dejection &c. 837 ; weariness &c. 841. annoyance, irritation, worry, infliction, visitation ; plague, bore ; bother, -ution ; stew, vexation, mortification, chagrin, esclanclre ; mauvais quart cVhewe. care, anxiety, solicitude, trouble, trial, ordeal, fiery ordeal, shock, blow, carle, dole, fret, burden, load. concern, grief, sorrow, distress, afflic- tion, woe, bitterness, heartache ; heavy -, aching -, bleeding -, broken- heart ; heavy affliction, gnawing grief. unhappiness, infelicity, misery, tribu- lation, wretchedness, desolation ; despair (fee. 859 ; extremity, prostration, depth of misery, nightmare, epliialtes, incubus. pang, anguish, agony ; tor-ture,-ment; purgatory &c. {helt) 982. hell upon earth ; iron age, reign of terror ; slough of despond &c. {adver- sitAj) ']^'^ ; peck -, sea- of troubles ; ills that flesh is heir to &c. {eml) 619; miseries of human life ; unkindest cut of all. sufferer, victim, prey, martyr, object of compassion, wretch, shorn lamb. V. feel -, suffer -, experience -, un- dergo -, bear -, endure- pain &c. «. ; smart, ache, ko,. {jihysical pain) 378; suffer, bleed, ail ; be the victim of. labour under afflictions ; quaff the bitter cup, have a bad time of it ; fall on evil days kc. {adversity) 735 ; go hard with, come to grief, fall a sacrifice to, drain the cup of misery to the dregs, sup full of horrors. sit on thorns, be on pins and needles, wince, fret, chafe, worry oneself, be in a taking, fret and fume, take -on, - to heart. grieve ; mourn &c. (lament) 839; yearn, * Or those which concern one's own state of feeling. 274 VI. II. I' PERSONAL AFFECTIONS. 827—830, comfortable &c. {physical pleasure) 2,77 '■ at ease; content &c. 831 ; sans £ouci. overjoyed, entranced, enchanted ; en-, raptured ; en-, ravished ; transported ; fascinated, captivated. with -a joyful face, - sparkling" eyes. pleasint^ &c. 829 ; ecstatic, beatic ; painless, unalloyed, without alloy, cloud- less. Adv. happily &c. adj. ; with pleasure &c. {tvUUngly) 602 ; with -glee &e. n. Phr. ones heart leaping with joy. repine, pine, droop, languish, sink; give way; despair kc. 859; break one's heart; weigh upon the heart &c. {injiict pain) 830. Adj. in -, in a state of -, full of- pain &c. n. ; suffering &c. v. ; pained, afflict- ed, worried, displeased, &c. S30 ; aching, griped, sore, &c. {physical pain) 378; on the rack, in limbo ; between hawk and buzzard. un-comfortable, -easy ; ill at ease ; in a -taking, - way ; disturbed ; discoiv tented &c. 832; outof humour &c. 901 «; weary &c. 841. heavy laden, stricken, crushed, a prey to, victimized, ill-used, unfortunate &c. {hapless) 735 ; to be pitied, doomed, devoted, ac- cursed, undone, lost, stranded. unhappy, infelicitous, poor, wretched, miserable, woebegone ; cheer- less &c. {dejected) 837 ; careworn. concerned, sorry ; sorrow-ing, -ful ; cut up, chagrined, horrified, horror-stricken ; in -, plunged in -, a prey to- grief &c. n. ; in tears &c. ilamentimf) 839 ; steeped to the lips in misery ; heart-stricken, -broken, -scalded ; broken-hearted : in despair &c. 859. Phr. ■' the iron entered into our soul' ; ' hcerct laten lethalis arunclo'' \ one's heart bleeding-. 829. [Capability of giving pleasure ; cause or source of pleasure.] Pleasu- rableness. — w. pleasurable-, plea- sant-, a^reeable-uess, &c. adj. ; pleasure giving, jucundity, delectability ; amuse- ment kc. 840. attraction kc. {motive) 615; attract- iveness, -ability ; invitingness &c. adj. ; charm, fascination, enchantment, witch- ery, seduction, winning ways, amenity, amability, loveliness &c. {beauty) 845 ; sunny -, bright- side; sweets kc. (suyar) 396; goodness &c. 648 ; manna in the wilder- ness, land flowing with milk and honey. treat ; regale &c. {jjhysical p>leasure) 2,77 \ dainty; tit-, tid-bit; nuts, sauce piquante. V. cause -, produce -, create -, give -, afford -, procure -, oiler -, present -, yield- pleasure &c. 827. please, charm, delight ; gladden &c. {make cheerful) 836 ; take, captivate, fascinate ; enchant, entrance, enrapture, transport, bewitch ; en-, ravish. bless, beatify ; satisfy ; gratify, - de- sire &c. 865 ; slake, satiate, quench; in- dulge, humour, flatter, tickle ; tickle the palate &c. (savoury) 394; regale, re- 275 830. [Capability of giving pain ; cause or source of pain.] Palnfiil- ness. — W. painfulness kc. adj.-, trou- ble, care, kc. {pain) 828 ; trial ; af-, in- fliction ; blow, stroke, burden, load, curse ; bitter -pill, - draught ; waters of bitterness. annoyance, grievance, nuisance, vex- ation, mortification, sickener ; bore, bo- ther, pother, hot water, sea of troubles, hornet's nest, plague, pest. cancer, ulcer, sting, thorn ; canker &c. {bane) 663; scorpion &c. {evil-doer) gi^; dagger &c. {arms) 727 ; scourge &c. {instrument of 2)unishment) 975; car king -, canker worm of- care. mishap, misfortune, &:c. {adversity) 735 ; desagj'ctnent, esclandre, rub. source of -irritation, - annoyance ; wound, sore subject, skeleton in the closet; thorn in -the flesh, - one's side; where the shoe pinches, gall and worm- wood. sorry sight, heavy news, provocation : affront &c. 929 ; head and front of one'a offending. infestation, molestation ; malignity kc. {malevolence) go7. V. cause -, occasion -, give -, bring T 3 329—830. AFFECTIONS. VI. II. 1°. 27 ) -, induce -, produce -, create -, inllict- pain «fcc. 828 ; pain, hurt, wound. pinch, prick, gripe, &c. {physical pairi) 378 ; pierce, lancinate, cut. hurt -, wound -, grate upon -, jar upon- the feelings ; wring -, pierce -, lacerate -, break -, rend- the heart; make the heart bleed ; tear -, rend- the heart-strings ; draw tears from the eyes, sadden ; make -unhappy &c. 828 ; plunge into sorrow, grieve, fash, afflict, distress ; cut -up, - to the heart. displease, annoy, incommode, discom- pose, trouble, disquiet, disturb, cross, perplex, molest, tease, tire, irk, vex, mor- tify, wherret, worry, plague, bother, pes- ter, bore, potber, harass, harry, badger, heckle, bait, beset, infest, persecute, im- portune. wring, harrow, torment, torture ; put to the -rack, - question ; break on the wheel, rack, scarify; cruci-ate,-fy ; con- vulse, agonize ; barb the dart ; plant a -dagger in the breast, - thorn in one's side. irritate, provoke, sting, nettle, try the patience, pique, fret, rile, tweak the nose, chafe, gall ; sting -, wound -, cut- to tlie quick ; aggrieve, affront, enchafe, enrage, ruffle, sour the temper ; give offence &c. {resentment) 900. maltreat, bite, snap at, assail ; smite &c. (punisJi) 972. sicken, disgust, revolt, nauseate, dis- enchant, repel, offend, shock, stink in the nostrils ; go against -, turn- the stomach ; make one sick, set the teeth on edge, go against the grain, grate on the ear ; stick in one's -throat, - gizzard ; rankle, gnaw, corrode, horrify, appal, freeze the blood ; make the -flesh creep, - hair stand on end ; make the blood -curdle, - run cold ; make one shudder. haunt, - the memory ; weigh --, pre}^- on tlie -heart, - mind, - spi- rits ; bring one's grey hairs with sorrow to the grave ; add a nail to one's coflin. AtJj, causing pain, hurting, &c. v. ; hurtful &c. {had) 649 ; painful; dolor-iHc, -ous; unpleasant; un-, dis-pleasing ; disagreeable, unpala- table, bitter, distasteful ; uninviting ; unwelcome ; undesir-able, -ed ; obnoxious ; unacceptable, unpopular, thankless, unsatisfactory, untoward, unlucky, uncomfortable, distressing ; afflict-ing, -ive ; joy-, cheer-, comfort-less ; dismal, dis- heartening; depress-ing, -ive ; dreary, melancholy, grievous, piteous ; woeful, rueful, mournful, deplorable, pitiable, lamentable ; sad, affect- ing, touching, pathetic, irritating, provoking, stinging, annoying, aggravating, mortifying, galling; unaccommodating, invidious, vexatious; trouble-, tire-, irk-, weari-some ; plagu-ing, -y ; awkward. fresh ; enliven ; treat ; amuse &c. 840 ; take -, tickle -, hit- one's fancy ; meet one's wishes ; win -, gladden -, rejoice -, warm the cockles of- the heart ; do one's heirt good. attract, allure, &c. {move) 615 ; stimu- late &c. (excite) 824 ; interest. make things pleasant, popularize, gild the pill, sweeten. Adj . causing pleasure &c, v. ; plea- sure-giving; pleas -ing, -ant, -urable ; agreeable ; grat-eful, -ifying ; leef, lief, acceptable ; welcome, - as the roses in May ; welcomed ; favourite ; to one's taste, - mind, - liking ; satisfactory &c. {good) 648. ' refreshing; comfortable; cordial; ge- nial ; glad, -some ; sweet, delectable, nice, dainty ; delic-ate, -ious ; dulcet ; luscious kc. 396 ; palatable &c. 394 ; luxurious, voluptuous; sensual &;c. 377- attractive &c. 615; inviting, prepos- .sessing, engaging ; win - ning, -some ; taking, fascinating, captivating, killing ; seduc-ing, -tive ; alluring, enticing ; ap- petizing &c. {exciting) 824 ; cheering &c. S36 ; bewitching ; enchanting, entrancing, enravishing. charming ; delightful, felicitous, ex- quisite ; lovely &c. {beautifid) 845 ; ra- vishing, rapturous ; heartfelt, thrilling, ecstatic ; beat-ic, -ific ; seraphic ; empy- rean ; elysian &c. {hcaverdy) 981. palmy, halcyon, Saturniau. Fbr. decies rej)i>tita jy^^acchit. VI. II. 1° PERSONAL AFFECTIOXS. 830—832. importunate ; teas-^ pester-, bother-, harass-, worry-, torment-, cark-iug. in-toler-, -sufler-, -support-able; uu-baar-, -endur-able ; past bearing; not to be -borne, - endured ; more than flesh and blood can bear ; enough to -drive one luad, - provoke a saint, - make a parson swear. shocking, terrific, grim, appalling, crushing ; dreadful, fearful, fright- ful ; thrilling, tremendous, dire ; heart-breaking, -rending, -wounding, -corroding, -sickening ; harrowing, rending. odious, hateful, execrable, repulsive, repellent, abhorrent ; horri-d, -ble, -fie, -fying ; ofiensive ; nause-ous, -ating ; disgust-, sicken-, re- nasty ; loath-some, -ful ; fulsome ; vile &c. (bad) 649 : 'olt- hideous &c. 846. sharp, acute, sore, severe, grave, hard, harsh, cruel, biting, caustic ; cutting, corroding, consuming, racking, excruciating, searching, grind- ing, grating, agonizing ; envenomed. ruinous, disastrous, calamitous, tragical ; desolating, withering ; burdensome, onerous, oppressive ; cumb-rous, -ersome. Adv. painfully &c. adj. ; with -pain &c. 828 ; deuced. Int. hinc illai lachrymce I Phr. surgit amari (diquid ; the place being too hot to hold one ; the iron entering into the soul. 831. Content.-xr. content, -ment, -edness ; complacency, satisfaction, en- tire satisfaction, ease, heart's ease, peace of mind ; serenity &c. 826 ; cheerfulness &c. 836 ; ray of comfort ; comfort &c. {lodl-heing) 827. re-, conciliation ; resignation kc. {pa- tience) 826. waiter on Providence. V. be -content kc. adj.) rest -satis- fied, - and be thankful ; take the good the gods provide, let well alone, feel oneself at home, hug oneself, lay the flattering unction to one's soul. take -up with, - in good part ; assent &c. 488 ; be reconciled to, make one's peace with ; get over it ; take -heart, - comfort ; put up with &c. (bear) 826. render -content &c. adj. ; set at ease, comfort ; set one's -heart, - mind- at -ease, - rest ; speak peace ; conciliate, reconcile, win over, propitiate, disarm, beguile ; content, satisfy ; gratify Sec. 829. be -tolerated &c. 826; go down, - with ; do. Adj. content, -ed ; satisfied &c. v. ; at -ease, - one's ease, - home ; with the mind at ease, sans souci, sine curd, easy- going, not particular ; conciliatory ; un- repining, of good comfort ; resigned &c. {jmtient) 826 ; cheerful &c. 836. un-afflicted, -vexed, -molested, -pla- gued ; serene &c. 826 ; at rest ; snug, comfortable : in one's element. ; 832. Discontent. — ir. discon- : tent, -ment ; dissatisfaction ; dissent &c. : 489. I disappointment, mortification; cold ! comfort ; regret &c. 833 ; repining, ta- king on, &c. V. ; inquietude, vexation or spirit, soreness; heart-burning, -grief; I querulousness &c. (lamentation) 839 ; j hypercriticism. malcontent, grumbler, growler, croak- er, laudator temporis acti. cave of Adullam, indignation meet- ing, ' winter of our discontent.' V. be -discontented &c. adj. ; quarrel with one's bread and butter ; repine ; , regret &c. 833 ; wish one at the bottom of the Red 8ea ; take -on, - to heart ; shrug the shoulders: make a wry -, pull a long- face ; knit one's brows ; : look -blue, - black, - blacli as thunder, : - blank, - glum. ! take -in bad part, - ill; fret, chafe, I make a piece of work ; grumble, croak ; lament kc. 839. j cause -discontent &c. w. ; dissatisfy, : disappoint, mortify, put out, disconcert ; : cut up ; dishearten. ; Adj. discontented; dissatisfied &c. ?;.; i unsatisfied, ungratified ; dissident ; dis- sentient &c. 489; malcontent, exigent, exacting, hypercritical. 1 repining &c. v. ; regretful &c, 833 ; down in the mouth &c. {dejected) 837. i in -high dudgeon, - a fume, - the sulks, 277 831—837. AFFECTIONS. VI. II. 1°. satisfactory, tolerable. Adv. to one's heart's content ; a la bonne heure ; all for the best. Int. amen &c. (assent) 488 ; very well, so much the better, well and good ; it -, that- will do ; it cannot be helped. Phr. nothing comes amiss. - the dumps, - bad humour ; glum, sul- ky ; sour, - as a crab ; soured, sore ; out of -humour, - temper. disappointing &c. v. ; unsatisfactor3\ Int. so much the worse ! Phr. that -, it- will never do. 833. Regret. -W. regret, repining; home sickness, nostalgia ; mal -, maladie -dupai/s-, lamentation i^c. 839; penitence &c. 950. bitterness, heart-burning. laudator temporis acti &c. {discontent) 832. V. regret, deplore : bewail &c. {lament) 839 : repine, cast a long- ing lingering look behind 5 rue, - the day ; repent &c. 950 ; infandum renova)'e doloi'em. prey -, weigh -, have a weight- on the mind ; leave an aching void. Adj. regretted &c. v. {bad) 649. Int. what a pity ! hang it ! Phr. 'tis -pity, - too true. much to be regretted, regrettable ; lamentable &c. 834b. Relief. — lO". relief; deliver- ance ; refreshment &c. 689 ; easement, softening, alleviation, mitigation, pallia- tion, soothing, lullaby. solace^ consolation, comfort, encour- agement. lenitive, restorative, &c. {remedy) 662 ; cushion &c. 215; crmub of comfort, balm in Gilead. V. relieve, ease, alleviate, mitigate, palliate, soothe ; salve ; soften, - down ; foment, stupe, poultice ; assuage, allay. cheer, comfort, console ; encourage, bear up, pat on the back, give comfort, set at ease ; gladden -, cheer- the heart. remedy ; cure &c. {restore) 660 ; re- fresh ; pour -balm into, - oil on. smooth the ruffled brow of care, tem- per the wind to the shorn lamb, lay the flattering unction to one's soul. disburden &c. {free) 705 ; take off a load of care. be relieved; breathe more freely, draw a long breath ; take comfort; dry -, wipe- the -tears, - eyes. Adj. relieving &c. v.; consolatory, soothing; assua-ging, -sive ; bal-my, -samic ; lenitive, palliative ; anodyne kc. {remedial) 662 ; cura- tive &c. 660. 835. Ag-gravation.— DT. aggra- vation, heightening ; exacerbation ; ex- asperation ; overestimation &c. 482 ; ex- aggeration &c, 549. V. aggravate, render worse, heighten, embitter, sour ; ex-, acerbate ; exas- perate, envenom. add fuel to the -fire, - flame ; fan the flame &c. {excite) 824; go from bad to worse &c. {deteriorate) 659. Adj. aggravated &c. y. ; worse, un- relieved ; aggravable ; aggravating &c. v. Adv. out of the frying pan into the fire, from bad to worse, worse and worse. Int. so much the worse ! 836. Cheerfulness.— IT. cheer- fulness &c. adj. ; geniality, gaiety, Valle- gro, cheer, good humour, spirits ; high -, animal -, flow of- spirits ; glee, high glee, light heart ; sunshine of the -mind, - breast ; gaiete de cociir, bon naturel. liveliness &c. adj.; life, alacrity, vi- vacitv, animation, allecjrct'se ; jocundity, ' 278 837. Dejection.— w. dejection; dejectedness kc. adj. ; depression, pros- ternation ; lowness -, depression- of spirits; weight -, oppression -, damp- on the spirits ; low -, bad -, drooping -, depressed- spirits ; heart sinking ; heavi- ness -, failure- of heart. heaviness &c.adj.', in festivity, gloom; VI. n. 1°. PERSONAL AFFECTIONS. 836—837. joviality, jollity ; levity ; jocularly &c. (wit) 842. mirth, merriment, hilarity, exhilara- tion ; laughter &c. 838 ; merry-making &c. {amusement) 840; hev-dev, rejoicing &c. 838. nepenthe, Eiiplirosyne. optimism &c. {Jiopefulness) 858; self- complacency. V. be -cheerful &c. adj.'. have the mind at ease, smile, put a good face upon, keep up one's spirits ; view -the bright side of the picture, - things en covdeur de rose; ridejitem dicere verum, cheer up, brighten up, light up, bear up ; chirp, take heart, cast away care, drive dull care away, perk up. rejoice^&c. 838 ; carol, chirrup ; frisk, rollick, give a loose to mirth. clieer, enliven, elate, exhilarate, glad- den, inspirit, animate, raise the spirits, inspire ; perk up ; put in good humour ; cheer -, rejoice- the heart; delight &c. {(/ive jjleasure) 829. Adj. cheerful; happy &c. 827 ; cheer- y, -ly ; of good cheer, smiling ; blithe ; in -, in good- spirits ; in high -spirits, - feather ; happy as -the day is long, - a king ; gay, - as a lark ; allegro ; light, -some, -hearted ; buoyant, dehonnaire, bright, free and easy, airy ; janty, jaunty, canty ; spright-ly, -ful ; spry ; spirit-e'd, -ful ; lively, animated, vivacious; brisk, - as a bee ; sparkli..g ; sportive ; full of -play, - spirit ; all alive. sunny, palmy ; hopeful &c. 858. merry, - as a -cricket, - grig, - mar-.^ riage bell ; joyful, joyous, jocund, jovial ; jolly, - as a thrush, - as a sand-boy ; blithesome ; glee-ful, -some ; hilarious, rattling. winsome, bonny, heart}', buxom. play^ful, -some ; foldtre, playful as a kitten, tricksy, frisky, frolicsome ; game- some ; jocose, jocular, waggish ; mirth-, laughter-loving ; mirthful, rollicking. elate, -d ; exulting, jubilant, flushed; rejoii-ing &c. 838 ; cock-a-hoop. cheering, inspiriting, exhilarating ; cardiac, -al ; pleasing &c. 829 ; palmy. Adv. cheerfully &c. adj. Int. never say die ! come I cheer up ! hurrah ! &c. 838 ; ' hence loathed melan- choly ! ' begone dull care ! away with melancholv ! weariness &c. 841 ; tccdium vita;, disgust of life ; mal da pays &c. {regret) 833. melancholy; sadness &c. ar/;'. ; il pen- seroso, melancholia, dismals, mumps, dumps, blue devils, doldrums, vapours, megrims, spleen, horrors, hypochondria- sis, pessimism ; despondency, slough of Despond; disconsolateness &c. adj. ; hope deferred, blank despondency. prostration, - of soul ; broken heart ; despair &c. 859 ; cave of -despair, - Tro- phonius. demureness &c. adj. ; gravitj-, solem- nity ; long, - grave- i'ace. hypochondriac, seek-sorrow, self-tor- mentor, heautontimoi'umenos, malade imaginaire, medecin tant p>is; croaker, pessimist ; mope, mopus. [Cause of dejection] affliction &c. 830 ; sorr}'' sight ; tnemento mori ; dam- per, wet blanket. Job's comforter. V. be -dejected &c. adj. ; grieve ; mourn &c. {lament) 839 ; take on, give way, lose heart, despond, droop, sink. lower, look downcast, frown, pout; hang down the head ; pull -, make- a long face ; laugh on the wrong side of the mouth ; grin a ghastly smile ; look -blue, - like a drowned man ; lay -, take- to heart. mope, brood over ; fret ; sulk ; pine, -away; yearn; repine &c. (^ryrej^) 833 ; despair &c. 859. refrain from laughter, keep one's countenance ; be -, look- grave &c. adj. ; repress a smile. depress ; dis-courage, -hearten ; dis- pirit ; damp, dull, deject, lower, sink, dash, knock down, unman, prostrate, break one's heart ; frown upon ; cast a -gloom, - shade- on ; sadden ; damp -, dash -, wither- one's hopes ; weigh -, lie heavy -, prey- on the -mind, - spirits ; damp -, depress- the spirits. Adj. cheer-, joy-, spirit-less; uncheer- ful, -y ; unlively ; unhappy &c. 828 : melancholy, dismal, sombre, dark, gloomy, triste, clouded, murky, lower- ing, frowning, lugubrious, funereal; mournful, lamentable, dreadful. dreary, ilat; dull, - as -a beetle, - ditchwater ; depressing &c. v. ' melancholy as a gib cat ' ; oppressed with -, a prey to- melancholy ; down- cast, -hearted ; down -in the mouth, - on one's luck ; heavy-hearted ; in the 279 837—839. AFFECTIONS. VI. II. I". -dumps, - suds, - sulks, - doldrums; in doleful (lumps,inbadliumour; sullen ; mumpish, dumpish ; mopish, moping ; moody, glum ; sulky &c, {discontented) 832 ; out of -sorts, - humour, - heart, - spirits ; ill at ease, low-spirited, in low spirits, a cup too low ; weary &c. 841 ; dis- couraged, -heartened ; desponding ; chop-, jaw-, crest-fallen. sad, pensive, penseroso, tristful ; dole-some, -ful ; woebegone, lachry- mose, in tears, melancholic, hypped, hypochondriacal, bilious, jaundiced, atrabilious, saturnine, splenetic ; lackadaisical. serious, sedate, staid, stayed ; grave, - as -a judge, - an undertaker, - a mustard pot ; sober, solemn, demure ; grim ; grim-faced, -visaged ; rueful, wan, Jong-faced. disconsolate; un-, in-consolable ; forlorn, comfortless, desolate, desole, sick at heart ; soul-, heart-sick ; cm desespoir ; in despair &c. 859; lost. overcome; broken-, borne-, bowed-down; heart-stricken &c. {mental suffering) 828 ; cut up, dashed, sunk ; unnerved, unmanned ; down- fallen, -trodden ; broken-hearted ; care-worn. Adv. with -a long face, - tears in one's eyes ; sadly &c. adj. Plir. the countenance falling ; the heart -failing, - sinking within- one. 838a [Expression of pleasure] Re- joiclng*. — W. rejoicing, exultation, triumph, jubilation, heyday, flush, revel- ling ; merry-making &c. (amusement) 840; jubilee «&c. {celebration) 883; paean, Te Deum, &c. {thanksgiving) 990; con- gratulation &c. 896. smile, simper, smirk, grin ; broad -, sardonic- grin. laughter, giggle, titter, snigger, crow, cheer, chuckle, shout ; horse -, hearty- laugh ; guffaw ; burst -, tit -, shout -, roar -, peal- of laughter ; cachinnation. risibility; derision &c. 856. Momus ; Democritus the Abderite ; rollicker; Laughter holding both his V. rejoice; thank -, bless- one's stars; congratulate -, hug- oneself ; rub-, clap- one's hands ; smack the lips, fling up one's cap ; dance, skip ; sing, carol, chir- rup, chirp ; hurrah ; cry for -, leap with- joy ; exult &c, {boast) 884 ; triumph ; hold jubilee &c. {celebrate) 883 ; make merry &c. {sport) 840. smile, simper, smirk ; grin, - like a Cheshire cat ; mock, laugh in one's sleeve: laugh, - outright; giggle, titter, snigger, crow, smicker, chuckle, cackle; burst -out, - into a tit of laughter ; shout, split, roar. shake -, split -, hold both- one's sides ; roar -, die- with laughter. raise lauofhter &c. {amuse) 840. Adv. rejoicing &c. v.; jubilant, exul- 280 839. [Expression of pain.] Zia" mentation. — u. lament, -ation ; wail, complaint, plaint, murmur, mutter, grumble, groan, moan, whine, whini]ier, sob, sigh, suspiration, heaving, deep sigh. cry &c. {vociferation) 41 1 ; scream, howl ; outcry, wail of woe, frown, scowl. tear ; weeping &c. v. ; flood of tears, fit of crying, lachrymation, melting mood, weeping and gnashing of teeth. plaintiveness &c. adj. ; languishment ; condolence &c. 915. mourning, weeds, willow, cypress, crape, deep mourning ; sackcloth and ashes ; lachrymatory ; knell &c. 363 ; dump, death- song, dirge, coronach, nenia, requiem, elegy, epicediimi ; threne ; mon-, thren-ody ; jeremi-ad, -ade. mourner ; grumbler &c. {discontent) 832 ; Niobe ; Ileraclitus. V. lament, mourn, deplore, grieve, weep over ; be-wail, -moan ; condole with &c. 915; fret &c. {suffer) 828; wear -, go into -, put on- mourning; wear -the willow, - sackcloth and ashes ; infandum renovare dolor em &c. {I'egret) 833 ; give sorrow words. sigh ; give -, heave -, fetch- a sigh ; ' waft a sigh from Indus to the pole ' ; sigh 'like furnace'; wail. cry, weep, sob, greet, blubber, pipe, snivel, bibber, whimper, pule ; pipe one's eye ; drop -, shed- -tears, - a tear ; melt -, burst- into tears ; /(W(7re en larmes; cry -oneself blind, - one's eyes out. VI. II. 1°. PERSONAL AFFECTIONS. 838—841. tant, triumphant; flushed, elated; laugh- ing &c. r. ; risible ; ready to -burst, - split, - die with laughter ; convulsed with laughter. laughable &c. {ludicroxis) 853. Int. hurrah ! huzza ! aha ! hail ! tolderolloU ! Heaven be praised ! io triumphe ! tant mieux ! so much the better. Plir. the heart leaping with joy. scream &c. {cry out) 411 ; mew etc. {animal sounds) 412; groan, moan, whine ; roar ; roar -, bellow- like a bull ; cry out lustily, rend the air. frown, scowl, make a wry face, gnash one's teeth, Mring one's hands, tear one's hair, beat one's breast, roll on the ground, burst with grief. complain, murmur, mutter, grumble, growl, clamour, make a fuss about, croak, grunt, maunder ; deprecate «S:c. {disajt- prove) 932. cry out before one is hurt, complain without cause. Adj. lamenting &c. v.; in mourning, in sackcloth and ashes; sorrow- ing, -ful, &c. {unhappy) 828; mourn-, tear-ful ; lachrymose; plain t-ive, -ful ; quer-ulous, -imonious ; in the melting mood. in tears, with tears in one's eyes ; with -moistened, - watery- eyes ; bathed -, dissolved- in tears ; 'like Niobe all tears.' elegiac. A.&V. de profundis ; les larmes aux yeux. Int. heigh-ho ! alas ! alack ! O dear ! ah -, woe is- me ' lacka- daisy ! well -, lack -, alack- a day ! well-a-way ! alas the day ! O tempora O mores ! what a pity ! miserahile dictii ! O lud lud ! too true ! Phr. tears -standing in, - starting from- the eyes ; eyes -suffused, - swimming, - brimming -, overflowing- with tears. 840. Amusement.— w. amuse-, entertain-ment ; diver-sion, -tissement ; reaction, relaxation, solace ; pastime, passetemps, sport ; labour of love ; pleasure &c. 827. fun, frolic, merriment, jollity ; jovial- ity, -ness ; heyday : laughter &c. 838 ; jocos-ity, -eness; droll-, buffoon-, tom- fool-ery; mummery, pleasantry ; wit &c. 842 ; quip, quirk. play ; game, - at romps ; gambol, romp, prank, antic, rig, lark, spree, sky- larking, vagary, moakey trick, gambade, fredaine, escapade, echappee, bout, espie- fjlerie ; practical joke &c. {ridicule) 856. dance, hop, reel, rigadoon, saraband, hornpipe, bolero, fandango, cancan, mi- nuet, waltz, polka ; galop, -ade ; jig, fling, strathspey ; allemande ; gavot, -te ; mazurka, morisco, morris dance : quad- rille, country dance, cotillon, Sir Roger de Coverley; hallet &c. {drama) 599; ball ; hal, - masque, - costume ; mas- querade ; Terpsichore. festivity, merry-making ; party &c. {social gathering) 892; fete, festival, gala, ridotto ; revel-s, -ry, -ling ; carni- val, brawl, saturnalia, high jinks ; feast, banquet, &c. {food ) 298 ; regale, sytn- 841. Weariness. — u. weari- ness, defatigation, ennui; lassitude &c. {fatigue) 688 ; drowsiness &c. 683. disgust, nausea, loathing, sickness ; satiety &c. 869 ; tcedium vitce &c. {dejec- tion) 'Z2,7. wearisome-, tedious-ness &c. adj. ; dull work, tedium, monotony, twice told tale. bore, button-hole, proser, wet blanket ; heavy hours, ' the enemy' [time]. V. weary ; tire &c. {fatigue) 688 ; bore ; bore -, weary -, tire- -to death, - out of one's life, - out of all patience ; set -, send- to sleep. pall, sicken, nauseate, disgust. harp on the same string ; drag its -slow, - weary- length along. never hear the last of ; be- tired &c. adj. -of, - with ; yawn ; die with ennui. Adj. wearying &c. v.; wearing; weari-, tire-, irk-some ; uninteresting, stupid, bald, devoid of interest, dry, monotonous, dull, arid, tedious, hum- drum, mortal, flat; pros-y, -ing; slow; soporific, somniferous. disg-usting &c. v. ; unenjoyed. weary; tired &c. v.; drowsy &c. {sleepy) 683 ; uninterested, flagging, used 281 8410— 8€1. AFFECTIONS. VI. TI. 1°. up, worn out, hlase, life-weary, wer.ry of lile ; sick of. iidv. wearily &c. culj.] usque ad nauseam. Phr. time hanging' heavily on one's hands; tuujours jjerdrix; crambe re^jetif.a. posium, wassail ; carous-e, -al ; jollifica- tion, j unket, wake, pic-nic,/e^e champetre, regatta, tield-day ; treat. round of pleasures, dissipation, a short life and a merry one, racketing, holiday making. rejoicing &c. 838 ; jubilee kc. (celc- hration) 883. I bonfire, fireworks, feii-de-joie. i holiday ; gala -, red letter -, play- day ; high days and holidays ; high -, Bank- holiday ; May -, Derby- day ; Saint -, Easter -, AVhit- Monday ; Bairam ; wayzgoose, bean feast. place of amusement, theatre ; concert-, ball-, assembly-room ; music- hall. ^?iYk, plaisance; arbour; garden &c. {JioHiculture) yj i \ pleasure-, play-, cricket-, croquet-, archery-, hunting-ground ; tennis-, racket- court; bowling-green, -alley; croquet-lawn, rink, skating rink; round- about, merry-go-round ; swing ; monta(/7ie llussc. gan)e, - of -chance, - skill ; athletic sports, gymnastics ; archery, rifle-shooting; tournament, ipug'ilism, &c. (contention) 720; sporting &c. 622 ; horse-racing, the turf; aquatics &c. 267; skating, sliding; cricket, tennis, lawn tennis, rackets, lives, trap bat and ball, battledore and shuttlecock, la grace; pall-mall, tip-cat, croquet, golf, curling, hockey, football, pallone, polo ; tent-pegging, tilting at the ring, quin- tain, greasy pole ; quoits, discus : knurr and spell ; leap-frog, hop skip and jump; French and English, tug of war; blind man's buff, hunt the slipper, hide-and-seek, kiss in the ling ; snapdragon ; cross questions and crooked answers ; rounders, base-ball, la crosse ; &c. billiards, pool, pyramids, bagatelle ; bowis, skittles, ninepins, kail, American bowls. cards ; whist, rubber ; round game ; loo, cribbage, hesique, euchre, drole, ecarte, p'cquet, all-fours, quadrille, ombre, reverse. Pope Joan, commit ; bo-, boa-ston ; vingt-un ; quinze, thirty-one, put, speculation, connexions, brag, cassino, lottery, commerce, snip-snap-snorem, lift smoke, blind hookey, Polish bank. Earl of Coventry, Napoleon, patience, pairs ; old maid, fright, beggar-my-ueighbour ; baccarat. chess, draughts, backgammon, dominoes, merelles, nine men's morris, go-bang, solitaire ; game of -, fox and- goose ; loto ; ko,.^ morj-a ; gambling &c. (chance) 621. toy, plaything, bauble; doll &c. (puppet) 554; teetotum: knicknack &c. (trifle) 643 ; magic lantern Szc. (shoiv) 448 ; peep-, puppet-, raree-, gallanty-show ; toy-shop ; ' quips and cranks and wanton wiles, nods and becks and wreathed smiles.' sportsman, gamester, reveller; master of the -ceremonies, - revels; arbiter elegantiainim. V. amuse, entertain, divert, enliven ; tickle, - the fancy ; titillate, raise a smile, put in good humour ; cause -, create -, occasion -, raise --, excite -, produce -, convulse with- laughter ; set the table in a roar, be the death of one. recreate, solace, cheer, rejoice; please &c. 829 ; interest ; treat, regale. amuse oneself: game ; play, - a game, - pranks, - tricks ; sport, disport, toy, wanton, revel, junket, "feast, carouse, banquet, make merry ; drown care ; drive dull care away ; frolic, gamljol, frisk, romp ; caper ; dance &c. (leap) 309 ; keep up the ball ; run a rig, sow one's wild oats, have one's fling, take one's pleasure ; see liie ; desipere in loco, play the fool. * A curious list of games i.s given in Sir Thomas Urquhart's translation of llabelais.— Z^//6' of Garyantua, book i. chapter 22. 282 VI. II. 1°. PERSONAL AFFECTIONS. 840—844. make -, keep- holiday ; go a IMayino-. while away -, beguile- the time; kill time, dally. Adj. amusino;, entertaining, diverting, &c. v. : recreative, lusory ; pleasant &c. (jjleamjf/) 829 ; laughable &c. (ludicrous) 853 ; witty &c. 842 ; fest-ive, -al ; jovial, jolly, jocund, roguish, rompish ; playful, - as a kitten ; sportive, ludibrious. amused «&:c. v. ; ' pleased with a feather, tickled with a straw.' Adv. ' on the light fantastic toe,' at play, in sport. Int. vice la hagatelle ! roijue la galh'e ! Phr. Deus nobis hcec otia fecit ; dum vivimus vivanms. B^Z. Wit. — N". wit, -tines.*^; attic -wit, - salt ; atticism ; salt, esprif, point, fancy, whim, humour, drollery, plea- santry. farce, buffoonery, fooling, tomfoolery ; harlequinade Szc. 599 ; broad -farce, - humour •, fun, espieylerie ; vis comica. 843. Dulness.— 17. dulness, hea- viness, tlatness; infestivity i^'c. 837, stu- pidity etc. 499; want of originality. prose, matter of fact ; heavy book, conte a dormir debout ; platitude. V. be -dull &c. adj. ; prose, take au seneux, be caught napping. render -dull &C, adj. ; damp, depress, throw cold water on, lay a wet blanket on ; fall flat upon the ear. Adj. dull, - as ditch water ; unenter- taining, uninteresting, unlively, unima- ginative ; insulse; dry as dust; pros-y, -ing, -aic ; matter of fact, commonplace, pointless ; ' wearv fiat stale and unprofi- table.' stupid, slow, flat, humdrum, monoto- nous ; melancholic &c. 837: stolid kc. 499 ; plodding. Plir. Davus sum non CEdipus. jocularity; jocos-ity, -eness; facetious- ness ; wagg-ery, -ishness ; whimsicality ; comicality &c. 853. smartness, read}' wit, banter, hadinage, retort, repartee, (pii-pro-quo ; ridicule &c. 856. facetics, quips and cranks ; jest, joke, capital joke ; standing -jest, - joke ; conceit, quip, quirk, crank, quiddity, concetto, plaisanterie, brilliant idea ; merry -, bright -, happy- thought ; sally ; flash, - of wit, - of merriment ; scintillation; mot, -pour lire \ witticism, smart saying, bon-inot, jeu d\ sprit, epi- | gram ; jest book ; dry joke, quodlihef, j cream of the jest. w^ord-play, ;e/^ f/fi??20jf,?; play -of, - upon- words ; pun,-ning; double entendre kc. {ambic/uity) 520; quibble, verbal quibble; conundrum &c. {riddle) 533; anagram, acrostic, double acrostic, nugce canorce, trifling, idle conceit, tui-lupinade. old joke, Joe Miller. V. joke, jest, cut jokes ; crack a joke ; perpetrate a -joke, - pun ; make -fun of, - merry with ; set the table in a roar &c. (amuse) 840. retort ; banter &c. {ridicule) 856 ; ridentem dicere vei-um ; joke at one's expense. Adj. witty, attic ; quick-, nimble-witted ; smart ; jocular, jocose, waggish, facetious, whimsical, humorous ; playful &c. 840 ; merry and wise ; pleasant, sprightly, spirituel, sparkling, epigrammatic, full of point, ben trovato ; comic &c. 853. Adv. in joke, in jest, in sport, in play. 844. Humorist. — W. humorist, w^ag, wit, reparteeist, epigram- matist, punster ; bel esprit, life of the party ; wit-snapper, -cracker, -worm ; joker, jester, Joe Miller, d?-6le de corps, gaiUard, spark. buffoon, farceur, merry audrew, mime, tumbler, acrobat, mountebank, charlatan, posturemaster, harlequin, punch, pulcinella, scaramouch, clowm ; wearer of the -cap and bells, - motley ; motley fool ; pantaloon, gipsy ; jack -pudding, - in the green, - a dandy ; zany; mad-cap, pickle- herring, witling, caricaturist, grimacier. 283 8^5^846. AFFECTIONS. VI. n. 1°. 2°. Discriminative AFrECTioxs. 845. Beauty. — W. "beauty, tlie beautiful, t6 kuXov, le beau ideal. [Science of the perception of beauty] Callsesthetics.* form, elegance, grace, beauty una- dorned ; symmetry &c. 242 ; comeliness, fairness, &c. adj. ; pulchritude, polish, gloss ; good -effect, - looks ; belle tonr- nure ; bloom, brilliancy, radiance, splen- dour, gorgeousness, magnificence ; siib- limi-ty, -tication. concinnity, delicacy, refinement ; charm, ^*e ne sais quoi, style. Venus, Aphrodite, Hebe, the Graces, Peri, Houri, Cupid, Apollo, Hyperion, Adonis, Antinous, Narcissus. peacock, butterfly; flower, flow' ret gay, rose, lily, garden ; flower of, pink of ; bijou ; jewel &c. {ornament) 847 ; work of art. pleasurableness &c. 829. beautifying ; landscape gardening ; decoration &c. 847 ; calisthenics. V. be -beautiful &c. adj. ; shine, beam, bloom; become one &c. {accord) 23; set off, grace. render -beautiful &c. adj. ; beautify ; polish, burnish ; gild kc. {decorate) 847 ; set out. ' snatch a grace beyond the reach of art.' Adj. beaut-iful, -eous ; handsome ; pretty ; lovely, graceful, elegant ; deli- cate, dainty, refined ; lair, personable, comely, seemly; bonny; good-looking; well-favoured, -made, -formed, -propor- tioned ; proper, shapely ; symmetrical ifcc. {rer/ular) 242 ; harmonious &c. {co- lour) 428 ; sightly. fit to be seen, passable, not amiss. goodly, dapper, tight, jimp ; gimp ; janty, jaunty; natty, quaint, trim, tidy, neat, spruce, smart, tricksv. bright, -eyed ; rosy-, cherry-cheeked ; rosy, ruddy ; blooming, in full bloom. brilliant, shining; beam-y,-ing; sparii- ling, splendid, resplendent, dazzling, glowing ; glossy, sleek. showy, specious ; rich, gorgeous, su- perb, magnificent, grand, fine, sublime. artistic, -al ; {esthetic ; pict-ure^^que, K)rial ; fait a jjeindrc ; well-composed, -grouped, -varied ; curious. * Whewell, ' Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences.' 28J 846. XTgrliness.— M". ugliness i2, ; odd kc. (ridiculous) 853. particular; affected &c. 855; mere- tricious; extravagant, monstrous, horrid; shoclring &c. (painful) 830. gaudy, tawdry, bedizened, tricked out, gingerbread ; obtrusive. VI. II. 2°. PERSONAL AFFECTIONS. 852—855. net the -, bring into- fashion ; give a tone to -, cut a figure in- so- j ciety ; keep one's can-iage. Adj. fashionable ; in -fashion &c. n.; a In 7node,comme il fauf,; ad- mitted -, admissible- in -society &c. n. ; presentable ; conventional Sec. \ {customary) 613; genteel; well-bred, -mannered, -behaved, -spoken; ; gentleman-like, -ly ; ladylike ; civil, polite, &c. {courteous) 894. polished, re lined, thorciighbred, courtly; distingue-, unembarrassed, deijaije ; ja-, jau-nty ; dashing, fast. ^ modish, stylish, recherche-^ new-fangled kc. {unfamiUar) 83. ! in -court, - full, - evening- dress; en (jrande tenue &c. {ornament) \ 847. j Adv. fashionably &c. adj. : for fashion's sake. : 853. Ridiculousness. — w. ridiculousness Sec. adj.; comical-, odd-ity, Sec. adj.; extravagance, drollery. farce, comedy ; burlesque Sec. (ridicule) 856 ; buffoonery &c. (fun) 840 ; frippery ; doggrel verses ; absurdity &c. 497 ; bombast &c. (unmean- ing) 517; anticlimax, bathos; monstrosity &c. (Mwcow/wvwz/^y) 83 ; laugh- ing stock &c. 857. V. be -ridiculous Sec. adj. ; pass from the sublime to the ridiculous ; make one laugh ; play the fool, make a fool of oneself, commit an ab- surdity. Adj. ridiculous, ludicrous ; comic, -al ; droll, funny, laughable, pour rire, grotesque, farcical, odd ; whimsical, - as a dancing bear : fanciful, fantastic, queer, rum, quizzical, quaint, bizarre; eccentric Sec. (uncon- formable) 83 ; strange, outlandish, out of the way, baroque ; awkward Sec. (ngly) 846. extravagant, outre, monstrous, preposterous, bombastic, inflated, stilted, burlesque, mock heroic. droUish ; serio-, tragi-comic ; gimcrack, contemptible, &c. (unimportant) 643 ; doggrel ; ironical Sec. (dei-isive) 856 ; risible. Pbr. ^ visum teneatis ainici?^ lideret HeracUtus. 854. Pop.— wr. fop, fine gentleman ; swell ; dand-y, -iprat ; ex- quisite, coxcomb, beau, macaroni, blade, blood, buck, man about town, fast man; fribble, jemmy, spark, popinjay, puppy, prig, ^vefi/^ wi«i7;-e; jacka- napes, -dandy ; man milliner ; Jemmy Jessauiy, carpet-knight ; masher. tine lady, coquette. 855. Affectation. — W. affectation; affectedness &c. W/. ; acting a part &c. v. ; pretence &c. {falsehood) 544, (ostentation) 882 ; boasting Sec. 884. charlatanism, quackery, shallow profundity; pretension, airs, pedantry, purism, precisianism, eujphuism ; teratology &c. (altUoquence) 577. mannerism, simagree, grimace. conceit, foppery, dandyism, man-millinery, coxcombry, puppyism. stiffness, formality, buckram; prudery, demureness, coquetry, mock modesty, minauderie, sentimentalism ; mauvaise honte, false sliame. affector, performer, actor; pedant, pedagogue, doctrinaire, purist, euphuist, mannerist ; grimacier ; lump of affectation, precicnse ridicule, bas bleu, bluestocking, poetaster; prig; charlatan Sec. (deceive)') 548; petit maitre Sec. (fop) 854; flatterer Sec. 935 ; coquette, prude, puritan. V. affect, act a part, put on ; give oneself airs &c. (arrogance) 885 ; boast i^-c. 884; coquet; simper, mince, attitudinize, jjose ; flirt a fan; over-act, -do. Adj. affected, full of affectation, pretentious, pedantic, stilted, stagey, theatrical, big-sounding, ad caiJtandum. 287 855—859. AFFECTIONS. VI. II. 2*=». not natural, unnatural ; self-conscious ; maniere ; artificial ; over- wrouo-ht, -done, -acted ; euphuistic &c. 577. stiff, starch, formal, prim, smug, demure, tire a quatre epingles, quaker- isli, puritanical, prudish, pragmatical, priggish, conceited, coxcomical, foppish, dandified ; fini-cal, -kin ; mincing, simpering, namby-pamby, sentimental. 856. Ridicule. — Jr. ridicule, derision; sardonic -smile,- grin^ irrision; scoffing &c. (disrespect) 929; mockery, quiz, banter, irony, j!7er- sijlage, raillery, chaff, badinage ; quizzing &c. v. squib, satire, skit, quip, quib, grin. parody, burlesque, travesty, travestie ; farce &c. (drama) 599 ; carica- ture. buffoonery &c. (fun) 840 ; practical joke. V. ridicule, deride ; laugh at, grin at, smile at ; snigger ; laugh in one's sleeve ; banter, rally, chaff, joke, twit, quiz, poke fun at, roast ; Heer ; play -, play tricks- upon ; fool, - to the top of one's bent ; show up. satirize, parody, caricature, burlesque, travesty. turn into ridicule ; make merry with ; make -fun, - game, - a fool, - an April fool- of ; rally ; scoff &c. (disrespect) 929. raise a laugh &c. (amuse) 840 ; play the fool, make a fool of oneself. Adj. deris-ory, -ive ; mock; sarcastic, ironical, quizzical, burlesque^ Iludibrastic ; scurrilous &c. (disi-espectfid) 929. Adv. in -ridicule &c. n. 857. [Object and cause of ridicule.] Xiaug'hing'-stock. — iff. laughing-, jesting-, gazing-stock ; butt, game, fair game ; April fool &c. (dupe) 547. original, oddity; queer -, odd- fish ; quiz, square toes ; old -, fogey or fog}'- monkey ; buffoon &c. (jester) 844 ; pantomimist &c. (acior^ 599. jest &c. (ivit) 842. 3°. Prospective Affection's. 858. Hope. — N". hope, -s; desire &c. 865 ; fervent hope, sanguine expec- tation, trust, confidence, reliance ; faith, &c. ( belief ) 484 ; affiance, assurance ; secur-eness, -ity ; reassurance. good -omen, - auspices; promise, well- grounded hopes; good -, bright- pros- pect ; clear sky. as-, pre-sumption ; anticipation &c. (expectation) 507. hopefulness, buoyancy, optimism, en- thusiasm, heart of grace, aspiration ; optimist, utopist. castles in the air, chateaux en Esjyagne, le pot au lait, Utopia, millennium ; day -, golden- dream ; dream of Alnaschar ; airy hopes, fool's paradise ; mirage &c. (fallacies of vision) 443 ; fond hope. beam -, ray -, gleam -, glimmer -, dawn -, flash -, star- of hope ; cheer ; bit of blue sky, silver lining of the 288 859. [Absence, want, or loss of hope.] Hopelessness. — w. hope- lessness &c. adj. ; despair, desperation ; despondency &c. (dejection) S^J; pes- sim-ism, -ist; Job's comforter; bird of -bad, - ill- omen. hope deferred, dashed hopes ; vain ex- pectation &c. (disappointment) 509. airy hopes &c. 858; forlorn hope ; bad -job, - business ; enfant perdu -, gloomy -, black spots in the- horizon ; slough of Despond, cave of Despair. V. despair; lose -, give up -, aban- don -, relinquish- -all hope, - the hope of; give -up, - over; yield to despair; falter; despond Sec. (be dejected) 837; Jeter le manche apres la cognee. inspire -, drive to- despair &c. n.\ disconcert; dash -, crush -, destroy- one's hopes ; hope against hope. Adj. hopeless, desperate, despairing, VI. II. 3°. PERSONAL AFFECTIONS. 858—860. cloud, bottom of Pandora's box, balm in Gilead. anchor, sheet-anchor, main-stay ; staff &c. {support) 215; heaven &c. 981. V. hope, trust, confide, rely on, put one's trust in, lean upon ; pin one's -hope, - faith- upon, &c. {believe) 484. feel -, entertain -, harbour -, indulge ~, cherish -, feed -, foster -, nourish -, encourage -, cling to -, live in- hope &c. n. ; see land ; feel -, rest- -assured, - con- fident &c. adj. presume ; promise oneself; expect &c. {look forward to) 507. hope for &c. {desire) 865 ; anticipate. be -hopeful &c. adj.; look on the bright side of, view on the sunny side, voir en couleur de rose, make the best of it, hope for the best 5 put -a good, - a bold, - the best- face upon ; keep one's spirits up ; take heart, - of grace ; be of good -heart, - cheer ; flatter oneself, lay the flattering unction to one's soul. catch at a straw, hope against hope, reckon one's chickens before they are hatched. give -, inspire -, raise -, hold out- hope &c. n. ; raise expectations ; en- courage, cheer, assure, reassure, buoy up, embolden ; promise, bid fair, augur well, be in a fair way, look up, flatter, tell a flattering tale. Adj. hoping &c. v.; in -hopes &c. w. ; hopeful, confident ; secure &c. {certaiTi) 484; sanguine, in good heart, buoyed up, buoyant, elated, flushed, exultant, enthusiastic ; Utopian. unsus-pecting, -picious ; feai-less, free -, exempt from- -fear, - suspicion, - dis- trust, - despair; undespairing, self-re- liant, probable, on the high road to ; within sight of -shore, - land ; promising, pro- pitious ; of -, full of- promise ; of good omen ; auspicious, de hon augure ; reas- suring ; encouraging, cheering, inspirit- ing, looking up, bright, roseate, couleur de rose, rose-coloured. Adv. hopefully &c. adj. Int. God speed ! Phr. nil desperandum ; never say die, dmn spiro spero, latet scintillula forsan, all is for the best, spero melioi-a ; the wish being father to the thought ; ' hope told a flattering tale ' ; rusticus expectat dum dejluat amnis. 289 in despair, au desespoir, forlorn ; in- consolable *S:c. {dejected) 837; broken- hearted. out of the question, not to be thought of; impracticable &c. 471; past -hope, - cure, - mending, - recall; at one'* last gasp &c. {death) 360; given -up, - over. incurable, cureless, immedicable, re- mediless, beyond remedy ; incorrigible ; irre-parable, -mediable, -coverable,"-ver- sible, -trievable, -claimable, -deemable, -vocable ; ruined, undone ; immitigable. unpromising, unpropitious ; inauspi- cious, ill-omened, threatening, clouded over. Phr. 'lasciate ogni speranza voi cK entrate'' ', its days are numbered; the worst come to the worst. 860. Pear.— N". fear, timidity, dif- fidence, want of confidence ; apprehen- sive-, fearful-ness, kz. adj.; solicitude, anxiety, care, apprehension, misgiving; istrust &c. {doubt) 485; suspicion, qualm ; hesitation Sec. {irresolution) 605. nervous-, restless-ness, &c. adj. ; in-, dis-quietude ; flutter, trepidation, fear and trembling, perturbation, tremor, qui- vering, shaking, trembling, throbbing heart, palpitation, ague fit, cold sweat;, abject fear &c. {eozcardice) 862; mortal funk, heart-sinking, despondency; des- pair &c. 859. fright; atfright, -ment; alarm, dread,, awe, terror, horror, dismay, consterna- tion, panic, scare, stampede [of horses]. intimidation, terrorism, reign of ter- ror. [Object of fear] bug-bear, -aboo ;, scarecrow; hobgoblin &c. {demon) gSo; nightmare, Gorgon, mormo, ogre, Hur- lothrumbo, raw head and bloody bones,, fee faw fum, bete 7ioire, enfant terrible. alarmist &c. {coicard) 862. V. fear, stand in awe of; be -afraid &c. adj. ; have -qualms &c. n. ; appre- hend, sit upon thorns, eye askance ; dis- trust &c, {disbelieve) 485. hesitate kc. {be irresolute) 605 ; falter, funk, cower, crouch ; skulk &c. {coicar- dice) 862 ; let ' I dare not ' wait upon ' I would'; take -fright, - alarm; start, wince, flinch, shy, shrink j fly &c. {avoid) 623. tremble, shake; shiver, - in one's U 860—862. Ai^\bECTIONS. VI. II. 3^ shoes ; shudder, flutter shake -, tremble- -I'ke an aspen leaf, - all over ; quake, quaver, quiver, quail. grow -, turn- pale; blench, stand agha..t; not dare to say one's soul is one's own. inspire -, excite- -fear, - awe ; raise apprehensions ; give -, raise -, sound- an alarm ; alarm, startle, scare, cry ' wolf,' disquiet, dismay ; fright, -en; affright, terrify; astound; fright from one's propriety; fright out of one's -wits, - senses, - seven senses ; awe ; strike -all of a heap, - an awe into, - terror ; harrow \ip the soul, appal, unman, petrify, horrify. make one's -flesh creep, - hair stand on end, - blood run cold, - teeth chatter ; take away -, stop- ones breatti ; make one -tremble &c. haunt ; prey -, weigh- on the mind. put in -fear, - bodily fear ; terrorize, intimidate, cow, daunt, over- awe, abash, deter, discourage ; browbeat, bully ; threaten &c. 909. Adj. fearing &c. v.; frightened &c. v. ; in -fear, - a fright &c. w. ; haunted with the -fear &c. n.- of. afraid, fearful; tim-id,-orous; nervous, diffident, coy, faint-hearted, tremulous, shaky, afraid of one's shadow, apprehensive, restless, fid- gety ; more frisrhtened than hurt. aghast ; awe-, horror-, terror- panic- -struck, -stricken ; frightened !, - as -death, - ashes, - a ghost ; to death, white as a sheet breathless, in hysterics. inspiring fear &c. v. ; alarming ; formidable, redoubtable ; perilous &c. {danger) 665 ; portentous ; fearful ; dread, -ful ; fell ; dire, -ful ; shocking ; terri-ble, -fie ; tremendous ; horri-d, -ble, -fie ; ghastly ; awful, awe-inspiring ; revolting &c. {painful) 830. Adv. in terrorem. Int. ' angels and ministers of grace defend us ! ' Phr. ante tuham trepiclat ; hoi-resco ref evens, one's heart failing one, ohstiiimi steteruntque coime et vox faucihus hcesit. 861. [Absence of fear.] Courag'e. — M". courage, bravery, valour ; reso- I lute-, bold-nesa, &c. adj. ; spirit, daring, ; gallantry, intrepidity ; contempt -, de- fiance- of danger; derring-do; audacity; ; rashness &c. 863 ; dash ; defiance «&c. 715; confidence, self-reliance. man-liness, -hood ; nerve, pluck, met- i tie, game; heart, -of grace ; spunk, face, ; virtue, hardihood, fortitude ; firmness | &c. {stahility) 1 50 ; heart of oak ; bot- tom, backbone, &c. {peisevei'ance) 604a. resolution &c. {detei'mination) 604: bull-dog courage. 1 prowess, heroism, chivalry. i exploit, feat, achievement; heroic ; 'deed, - act ; bold stroke. man, - of mettle ; hero, demigod, Amazon, Hector; lion, tiger, panther, bull-dog ; game-, fighting-cock ; bully, fire-eater, &c. 863. V. be -courageous &c. ndj. ; dare, ven- ture, make bold ; face -, front -, afi'ront -, confront -, brave -, defy -, despise -, 290 862. [Excess of fear.] Cowar- dice. — W. cowardice, pusillanimity; cowardliness &c. adj. ; timidity, effemi- nacy. poltroonery, baseness ; dastard-ness, -y ; abject fear, funk ; Dutch courage ; lear &c. 860; white feather, faint heart, coward, poltroon, dastard, sneak, re- creant ; shy -, dunghill- cock ; coistril, milksop, white-liver, nidget, one that cannot say ' Bo' to a goose ; Bob Acres, Jerry Sneak. alarm-, terror-, pessim-ist ; runagate ! &c. {fugitive) 623. i v.* quail &c. {fear) 860 ; be -cowardly &c. adj., - a coward &c. n. ; funk ; cower, I skulk, sneak; fiinch, shy, fight shy, I slink, turn tail ; run away &c. {avoid) 623 ; show the white feather. ! Adj. coward, -ly; fearful, shy; tim- j id, -orous ; skittish ; poor-spirited, spirit- ' less, soft, efieminate. I weak-minded ; infirm of purpose &c. I 605 ; weak-, faint-, chicken-, lily-, \L II. 3^ PERSONAL AFFECTIONS. 861—864. mock- danger ; look in the face ; look -full, - boldly, - danger- in the face ; face ; meet, - in front ; brave, beard ; defy &c. 715. take -, muster -, summon up -, pluck up- courage ; nerve oneself, take heart ; take -, pluck up- heart of grace ; hold up one's head, screw one's courage to the sticking place ; come -to, - up to- the scratch ; stand, - to one's guns, - hold pigeon - hearted ; white -, lily -, milk - livered ; milksop, smock-faced ; unable to say ^ Bo ' to a goose. dastard, -ly; base, craven, sneaking, dunghill, recreant ; uuAvar-, unsoldier- like. ' in face a lion but in heart a deer.' unmanned ; frightened &c. 860. Int. sauve qui 2)eut ! devil take the hindmost ! Plxr. a7ite tuham trepidat, one's courage oozing out. fire, - against ; bear up, - against out kc. {2}erseve7-e) 6o4.a. put a bold face upon ; show -, present- a b:)ld front ; show fight. bell the cat, take the bull by the horns, beard the lion in his den, march up to the cannon's mouth, go through fire and water, run the gantlet. give -, infuse -, inspire- courage : reassure, encourage, embolden, inspirit, cheer, nerve, put upon one's mettle, rally, raise a rallying cry ; pat on the back, make a man of, keep in countenance. Adj . courageous, brave ; val-iant, -orous ; gallant, intrepid ; spirit- ed, -ful ; high-spirited, -mettled; mettlesome, plucky; man-ly, -ful ; resolute; stout, -hearted; iron-, lion-hearted; heart of oak; Pen- thesilean. bold, - spirited ; daring, audacious ; fear-, daunt-, dread-, awe-less ; un-daunted, -appalled, -dismayed, -awed, -blenched, -abashed, -alarmed, -flinching, -shrinking, -blenching, -apprehensive ; confident, self- reliant ; bold as -a lion, - brass. enterprising, adventurous ; veutur-ous, -esome ; dashing, chivalrous ; soldierly &c. {loarlike) 722 ; heroic. fierce, savage; pugnacious &c. {bellicose) 720. strong-minded, hardy, doughty ; firm Scz. (stable) 150; determined &c. {resolved) 604; dogged, indomitable, &c. {perseverinr/) 604.(1. up to, - the scratch; upon one's mettle; reassured &c. r. ; un- feared, undreaded. Phr. one's blood being up. 863. Rashness. — n. rashness &c. adj. ; temerity, want of caution, im- prudence, indiscretion ; over-confidence, presumption, audacity. precipit-ancy, -ation; impetuosity; levity; foolhardi-hood, -ness; heed-, though t-lessness, &c. {inattention) 458 ; carelessness &c. {neglect) 460 ; despera- tion ; Quixotism, knight-errantry ; fire- eating. gam-ing, -bling ; blind bargain, leap in the dark, fool's paradise ; too many eggs in one basket. desporado^ rashling, mad-cap, dare- devil. Hotspur, fire-eater, bully, 6r«i-o, Hector, scapegrace, enfant perdu ; Don Quixote, Imight-errant, Icarus; adven- turer ; gam-bler, -ester ; dynamitard. V. be -rash Sec, adj. ; stick at nothing, 291 864. Caution.— N. caution; cau- tiousness &c. adf. ; discretion, prudence, cautel, heed, circumspection, calculation, deliberation. foresight «S:c. 510; vigilance &c. 459; warning &c. 668. coolness &c. adp •, self-possession, -command ; presence of mind, 6Yw////-oiV/; well-regulated mind ; worldly wisdom^ Fabian policy. V. be -cautious &c. adj. ; take -care, - heed, - good care ; have a care ; mind, - what one is about ; be on one's guard Szc. {keep watc/i) 459 ; make assurance double sure. bespeak &c. {be early) 132. think twice, look before one count the cost, look to the main chance^ cut one's coat according to one's cloth j TJ 2 863—866, AFFECTIONS. VI. II. 3°. play a desperate game ; run into danger &c. 665 ; play with -fire, - edge tools. carry too much sail, sail too near the wind, ride at single anchor, go out of one's depth. take a leap in the dark, buy a pig in a poke. donne)' tete baissee ; knock one's head against a wall &c. {be unskilful) 699 ; rush on destruction ; kick against the pricks, tempt Providence, go on a forlorn hope. reckon -one's chickens before they are hatched, - without one's host ; catch at straws ; trust to -, Jean on- a broken reed. iidj. rash, incautious, indiscreet ; im- prudent, improvident, temerarious ; un- calculating ; heedless ; careless &c. (7ief/- lectful) 460 ; without ballast, heels over head ; giddy &c. (inattentive) 458 ; wan- ton, reckless, wild, madcap ; desperate, devil-may-care. hot-blooded, -beaded, -brained ; head- long, -strong; break -neck; foolhardy; harebrained ; precipitate, impulsive. over-confident, -weening ; ventur-esome, -ous ; adventurous, Quixo- tic ; fire-eating, cavalier ; j an ty, jaunty, free-and-easy. off one's guard &c. (inexpectant) 508. Adv. post haste, a corps iierdu, hand over head, tete baissee, head- foremost ; happen what may. Plir. neck or nothing, the devil being in one. feel one's -ground, - way ; see how the land lies kc. {foresight) 510; wait to see how the cat jumps; bridle one's tongue ; reculer jjour mieux sauter &c, {prepare) 673; let well alone, ne ^ms reveiller le chat qui dort. keep out of -harm's way, - troubled waters ; keep at a respectful distance,, stand aloof ; keep -, be- on the safe eide. husband one's resources &c. 636. caution &c. {warn) 668. Adj. cautious, wary, guarded ; on one's guard &c. (watchful) 459; cavendo tutus; in medio tutissimus. care-, heed-ful ; cautelous, stealthy, chary, shy of, circumspect, prudent, dis- creet, politic ; sure-footed &c. (skilful) 698. unenterprising, unadventurous, cool; steady, self-possessed ; over-cautious. Adv. cautiously &c. adj. Int. have a care ! Phr. tifneo Danaos ; festina lente. 865. Desire. — mt. desire, wish, fancy, fantasy ; want, need, exigency. mind, inclination, leaning, bent, ani- mus, partiality, penchant, predilection ; propensity &c. 820; willingness &c. 602 ; liking, love, fondness, relish. longing, hankering, inlding; solici- tude, anxiety; yearning, coveting; as- piration, ambition, vaulting ambition ; eagerness, zeal, ardour, e?npressement, breathless impatience, over -anxiety; impetuosity &c. 825. appet-ite, -ition, -ence, -ency; sharp appetite, keenness, hunger, stomach, twist ; thirst, -iness , drouth, mouth- watering; itch, -ing; prurience, caco'ethes, cupidity, lust, concupiscence. edge of -appetite, - hunger ; torment of Tantulus; sweet -, lickerish- tooth ; itch- ing palm ;longing-, wistful-, sheep's- eye. avidity ; greed, -iness ; covetous-, ra- venous-ness. &c. adj. ; grasping, craving, canine appetite, rapacity; voracity &c. ((jluttony) 957. 2Q2 866. Indifference.— XT. indiffer- ence, neutrality; coldness &c. adj.; un- concern, insouciance, nonchalance ; want of -interest, - earnestness ; anorexy, in- appetency ; apathy &c. ( insensibility ) 823 ; supineness &c. (inactivity) 683 ; disdain &c. 930; recklessness &c. 863; inattention &c. 458. V. be -indiflerent &c. adj. ; stand neu- ter; take no interest in &c. (insensibility) 823; have no -desire &c. 865, - taste, - relish- for ; not care for ; care nothing -for, - about ; not care a -straw &c. (un- imjoortance) 643 -about, - for; not mind. set at naught &c. (make light of) 483 , spurn &c. (clisdain) 930. indi"" warm ; cool, - as a cucumber ; uncon- cerned, insouciant, phlegmatic, j^ococu- rante, easy-going, devil-may-care, care- less, listless, lackadaisical ; half-hearted ; un-ambitious, -aspiring, -desirous, -so- licitous, -attracted. un-attractive, -alluring, -desired, -de- YI. ir. PERSONAL AFFECTIONS. 865—868. passion, rage, furore, mania, manie ; inextinguishable desire; dips-, klept- omania. [Person desiring] lover, amateur, vo- tary, devotee, aspirant, solicitant, candi- date ; cormorant &c. 957. [Object of desire] desideratum ; want kc. {requirement) 630; 'consummation devoutly to be wished'; attraction, magnet, allurement, fancy, temptation, seduction, fascination, lyrestige, height of one's ambition, idol ; whim, -sey ; jnaggot ; hobby, -horse. Fortunatus's cap. V. desire ; wish, - for ; be -desirous &c. adj.] have a -longing &c. n.; hope etc. 858. care for, affect, like, list ; take to, cling to, take a fancy to; fancy; prefer &c. (choose^ 609. have -an eye, - a mind- to ; find it in one's heart &c. (Jbe willing) 602 ; have a fancy for, set one's eyes upon ; cast a sheep's eye -, look sweet- upon ; take into one's head, have at heart, be bent upon ; set one's -cap at, - heart upon, - mind upon ; covet. want, miss, need, feel the want of; would fain -have, - do ; would be glad of be -hungry &c. adj. ; have a good ap- petite, play a good knife and fork ; hun- ger -, thirst -, crave -, lust -, itch -, hanker -, run mad- after ; raven -, die- for : burn to. desiderate ; sigh -, cry -, gape -, gasp -, pine -, pant -, languish -, yearn -, long -, be on thorns -, hope- for ; aspire after; catch at, grasp at, jump at. woo, court, solicit ; fish -, whistle -, put up- for ; ogle. cause -, create -, raise -, excite -, provoke- desire ; whet the appetite ; ap- petize, titillate, allure, attract, take one's fancy, tempt; hold out -tempta- tion, - allurement ; tantalize, make one's mouth water, /aire venir I'eau a la bouche. gratify desire &c. (ffive pleasure) 829. Adj. desirous ; desiring &c. i'. ; in- clined &c {willing) 602 ; partial to ; fain, wishful, optative ; anxious, wistful, cu- rious ; at a loss for, sedulous, solicitous. craving, hungry, sharp-set, peckish, ravening, with an empty stomach, esu- rient, lickerish, thirsty, athirst, parched with thirst, pinched with hunger, fa- sirable, -cared for, -wished, -valued , all one to. insipid &c. 391 : vain. Adv. for aught one cares. Int. never mind. 867. Dislike. -isr. dis-like, -taste, -relish, -inclination, -placency. reluctance ; backwardness &c. {imidh lingness) 603. repugnance, disgust, queasiness, turn, nausea, loathing; avers -eness, -atiou, -ion ; abomination, antipathy, abhor- rence, horror ; mortal -, rooted- -antipa- thy, - horror ; hatred, detestation ; hate &c. 898; animosity &c. 900; hydropho- bia. sickener : gall and wormwood kc. {un^ savoury) 395 ; shuddering, cold sweat. V. dis-, mis-like, -relish ; mind, object to ; have rather not, not care for ; liavo -, conceive -, entertain -, take- -a dis- like, - an aversion- to; have no -taste, - stomach- for. shun, avoid, &c. 623; eschew; with- draw -, shrink -, recoil- from ; not be able to -bear, - abide, - endure ; shrug the shoulders at, shudder at, turn up tlie nose at, look askance at ; make a -mouth, - wry face, - grimace ; make faces. loathe, nauseate, abominate, detest, abhor; hate kc. 898; take amiss &c. 9C0; have enough of &c. {he satiated) 869. cause -, excite- dislike ; disincline, repel, sicken ; make -, render- sick ; turn one's stomach, nauseate, wamble, disgust, shock, stink in the nostrils ; go against the -grain, - stomach ; stick in the throat; mak§ one's blood run cold &c. {give pain) 830; pall. Adj. disliking kc. y. ; averse from, loth, adverse ; shy of, sick of, out of con- ceit with ; disinclined ; heart-, dog-, sick; queasy. dislike &c. r.; uncared for, unpopular; out of favour; repulsive, repugnant, repellant ; abhorrent, insufferable, ful- some, nauseous ; loath-some, -ful ; ofien- sive ; disgusting &c. v. ; disagreeable &c. {painful) 830. Adv. usque ad nauseam. Int. faugh ! fob ! ugh ! 868. Fastidiousness.— x.faH' tidiousness &c. adj.] nicety, hypercriti- ' 293 865— 873L. misbed, dry, droutliy; hungry as a -hun- ter, - hawk, - horse, - church mouse. greedy, - as a hog ; over-eager, vora- cious ; ravenous, - as a wolf ; open- mouthed, covetous, rapacious, grasping, extortionate, exacting, sordid, alieni ap- ■petens ; insati-able, -ate ; unquenchable, quenchless ; omnivorous. unsatisfied, unsated, unslaked. eager, avid, keen; burning, fervent, ardent; agog; all agog; breathless; impatient &c. (impetuous) 825; bent-, intent -, set — on, - upon ; mad after, pjij'age, rabid, dying for, devoured by desire. aspiring, ambitious, vaulting, sk}^- aspiring. desirable; desired kcv.; in demand; pleasing &c. {giving pleasure) 829; ap- peti-zing, -ble ; tantalizing. Adv. wistfully &c. adj. ; fain. Int. would -that, - it were ! O for ! esto perpetua ! Phr. the wish being father to the thought ; sua cuique voluptas ; hoc erat in votis, the mouth watering, the fingers Adj. satiated &c. v.\ over Int. enouo-h ! hold ! eheu AFFECTIONS. YI. ir. f, cisra, difficulty in being pleased, frian- dise, epicurism, omnia suspendens naso. epicure, gourmet. [Excess of delicacy] prudery. V. be -lUstidious &c. adj. ; have a sweet tooth. mince the matter ; turn up one's nose at &c. {disdain) 930 ; look a gift horse in the mouth, see spots on the sun. Adj. fastidious, nice, delicate, delicat^ finical, diificult, dainty, lickerish, squea- mish, thin-skinned ; s-, queasy ; hard -, difiicult- to please; querulous, particu- lar, straitlaced, scrupulous; censorious ifcc. 932; hypercritical. Phr. noli me tangere. 869. Satiety. — 3S". satiety, satis- faction, saturation, repletion, glut, sur- feit; weariness &c. 841. spoiled child ; enfant gate ; too much of a good thing, toujours perdrix:, cramhe repetita. V. sate, satiate, satisfy, saturate ; cloy, quench, slake, pall, glut, gorge, surfeit ; bore itc. {weary) 841 ; tire &c. {fatique^ 688; spoil. have -enough of, - quite enough of, - one's fill, - too much of; be -satiatr^d (fee. adj. gorged ; hlase, used up, sick of, heartsick. jam satis ! 4°. Contemplative Afftictigns. 870. Wonder. — nr. wonder, mar- vel ; astonish-, amaze-, wonder-, be- wdlder-ment ; amazedness &c. adj.) ad- miration, awe; &tup-or,-e faction; stound, fascination ; sensation ; surprise &c. (m- expectation) 508. note of admiration ; thaumaturgy &c. {sorcery) 992. V. wonder, marvel, admire ; be -sur- prised &c, adj. ; start ; stare ; open.^-, rub -, turn up- one's eyes ; gloar ; gape, open one's mouth, hold one's breath ; look -, stand- -aghast, - agog; look blank &c. {disappointment) 509; to?nber \ ■des nnes; not believe one's -eyes, -ears, - senses. not be able to account for &c. {unintelligible) 519; not know whether one stands on one's head or one's heels, surprise, astonish, amaze, astound ; dumfound, -er ; startle, dazzle ; strike, - with -wonder, - awe ; electrify ; stun, stupefy, petrify, con- found, bewilder, flabbergast ; stagger, throw on one's beam ends, fasci- 294 871. [Absence of wonder.] Expec- tance. — W. expectance &c. {expecta- tion) 507. nine days' wonder. V. expect &c. 507 ; not -be surprised, - wonder, &c. 870 ; nil admirari, make nothing of. Adj. expecting &c. v.; unamazed, astonished at nothing; blase &c. {tveary} 841 ; expected &:c. v.; foreseen. common, ordinary, &c. {habitual) 613. Int. no wonder ; of course. VI. n. 5°. PERSONAL AFFECTIONS. 870—874. nate, turn the head, take away one's breath, strike dumb ; make one's -hair stand on end, - tongue cleave to the roof of one's mouth ; make one stare. take by surprise &c. (be unexpected) 508. be -wonderful &c. adj. ; beggar -, battle- description ; stagger belief. Adj. surprised &c. v. ; aghast, all agog, breathless, agape ; open- mouthed ; awe-, thunder-, moon-, planet-struck : spell-bound ; lost in -amazement, - wonder, - astonishment ; struck all of a heap, unable to believe one's senses, like a duck in thunder. wonderful, wondrous ; surprising &c. v. ; unexpected &c. 508 ; un- heard of; mysterious &c. {inexplicahle') 519; mhaculous. in-describable, -expressible, -effable ; un-utterable, -speakable. monstrous, prodigious, stupendous, marvellous ; in-conceivable, -credible ; in-, un-imaginable ; strange kc. {uncommon) 83 ; passing strange. striking &c. v. ; over-whelming ; wonder-working. jadv. wonderfully &c. adj. ; fearfully : for a -, in the name of- won- der ; strange to say; mirahile -dictu, - vim ; to one's great surprise. with -wonder &c. n., - gaping mouth, - open eyes, - upturned eyes. Int. lo, - and behold ! O! heyday! halloo! what! indeed! really! surely ! humph ! hem ! good -lack, - heavens, - gracious ! gad so ! well a day ! dear me ! only think I lack-a-daisy ! my -stars, - good- ness ! gracious goodness ! goodness gracious ! mercy on us ! heavens and earth ! God bless me ! bless -us, -my heart ! odzookens! O f/eymni*. adzooks ! hoity-toity ! strong ! Heaven save -, bless- the mark ! can such things be ! zounds ! 'sdeath ! what -on earth, - in the world ! who would have thouo:ht it ! &c. {inexpectation) 508 : you don't say so ! what do vou sav to that ! how where am I ? Pbr. vox faucibus hcesit : one's hair standinof on end. 872. Prodig'y. — W. prodigy, phenomenon ; wonder, -ment : mar= vel, miracle ; monster &c. (unconfonniti/) 83 ; curiosity, lion, sight, spec- tacle ; jeu -, coujj- de theatre ; gazing-stock ; sign ; portent &c. 512. bursting of a -shell, - bomb ; volcanic eruption, peal of thunder ; thunder- clap, -bolt. what no words can paint ; wonders of the world ; annus mirabilis ; digjius vnulice nodus. 5°. ExTRi>'sic Affections.* 873. Repute. — U. distinction, mark, name, figure ; repute, reputation ; good -, high- repute ; note, notability, notoriety, eclat / the huhhle reputation,' vogue, celebrity ; fame, famousness ; renown ; popularity, aura popularis : ap- probation (fee. 931 ; credit, 2^restiffe, tsJik of the town ; name to conjure with. glory, honour ; lustre &c. {light) 420 ; illustriousness &c. adj. account, regard, respect ; reputable- ness &c. adj. ; respectability &c. {probity) 939 ; good -name, - report ; fair name. dignity ; stateliness &c. adj. ; solem- 874. Disrepute.— IT. disrej)ute, discredit; ill-, bad- -repute, -name, -odour, -favour: disapprobation &c. 932 ; ingloriousness, derogation ; a-, de-base- ment ; abjectness &c. adj. ; degradation, dedeco ration ; ' a long farewell to all one's greatness ' ; odium, obloquy, oppro- brium', ignominy. dishonour, disgrace : shame, humilia- tion ; scandal, baseness, vileness ; turpi- tude &c. {improbity/) 940 ; infamy. tarnish, taint, defilement, pollution. stain, blot, spot, blur, stigma, brand, reproach, imputation, slur. * Or personal affections derived from the opinions or feelings of others. 295 873— S74. AFFECTIONS. VI. II. 5°. nity, grandeur, splendour, nobility, ma- jesty, sublimity. rank, standing, brevet rank, prece- dence, pets, station, -pleice, status; position, - in society ; order, degree, locus standi, caste, condition. greatness &c. adj. ; eminence ; height &c. 206; importance &c. 642; pre-, super-eminence ; high mightiness, pri- macy ; top of the -ladder, - tree. elevation ; ascent &c. 305 ; super-, ex- altation; dignilication, aggrandizement, dedication, consecration, enthrone- ment, canonization, celebration, en- shrinement, glorification. hero, man of mark, great card, cele- brity, worthy, lion, 7'a7'a avis, notability, somebody; man of rank &c. {nohlemari) 875 ; pillar of the -state, - church. chief &c. (tnaster) 745 ; first fiddle &c. {proficient) 700 ; cynosure, mirror ; flow- er, pink, pearl ; paragon &c, {perfection) 650 ; choice and master spirits of the age ; elite ; star, sun, constellation, galaxy. ornament, honour, feather in one's cap, halo, aureole, nimbus ; halo -, blaze- of glory ; blushing honours ; laurels &c. {trophy) 72>3- memory, posthumous fame, niche in the temple of fame ; immor-tality, -tal name ; magni nominis U7nbra. V. be conscious of glory ; be proud of &c. {pride) 878 ; exult &c. (boast) 884 ; be vain of &c. {vanity) 880, be -distinguished Sec. adj.; shine &c. {liyht) 420 ; shine forth, figure ; make -, cut- a -figure, - dash, - splash. rival, surpass ; out-shine, -rival, -vie, -jump ; emulate, eclipse ; throw -, cast- into the shade ; overshadow. live, flourish, glitter, flaunt ; gain -, acquire- honour &c. n.; play first fiddle &c. {be of importance) 642 , bear the -palm, - bell ; lead the way ; take -pre- cedence, - the wall of; gain -, win- -laurels, - spurs, - golden opinions &c. {approbation) 931 ; take one's degree, pass one's examination. make -a, - some — noise, - noise in the world ; leave one's marlc, exalt one's liorn, star it, have a run, be run after ; come -into vogue, - to the front ; raise one's head. enthrone, signalize, immortalize, deify, exalt to the skies ; hand one's name down to posterity. 296 crying -, burning- shame ; scandaluni magnatum, badge of infamy, blot in one's escutcheon ; bend -, bar- sinister ; cham- pain, point champain; by-word of re- proach ; Ichabod. argumentum ad verecundiam ; sense of shame &c. 879. V. be -inglorious &c. adj. ; incur -dis- grace &c. n. ; have -, earn- a bad name ; put -, wear- a halter round one's neck ; disgrace -, expose- oneself. play second fiddle ; lose caste ; pale one's ineflectual fire ; recede into the shade ; fall from one's high estate : keep in the background &c. {modesty) 881 ; be conscious of disgrace &c. {humility) 879; look -blue, - foolish, - like a fool ; cut a -poor, - sorry- figure ; laugh on the wrong side of the mouth ; make a sorry face, go away with a flea in one's ear, slink away. cause -shame &c. n. ; shame, disgrace, put to shame, dishonour ; throw -, cast -, fling -, reflect- dishonour &c. n. up- on ; be a -reproach &c. n. to ; derogate from. tarnish, stain, blot, sully, taint ; dis- credit ; degrade, debase, defile ; beggar ; expel &c. (punish) 972. impute shame to, brand, post, stigma- tize, vilify, defame, slur, cast a slur upon, hold up to shame, send to Coventry; tread -, trample- under foot ; show up, drag through the mire, heap dirt upon ; reprehend &c. 932. bring low, put down, snub ; take down a peg, - lower, - or two. obscure, eclipse, outshine, take the shine out of; throw -, cast- into the shade ; overshadow; leave -, put- in the background ; push into a corner, put one's nose out of joint ; put out, - of counte- nance. upset, throw off* one's centre ; discom- pose, disconcert ; put to the blush &c. {humble) 879, Adj. disgraced &c. 2;.; blown upon; shorn of -its beams, - one's glory; over- come, down - trodden ; loaded with -shame &c. ?i. ; in -bad repute kc. n.; out of -repute, - favour, - fashion, - countenance ; at a discount ; under -a cloud, - an eclipse ; unable to show one's face ; in the -shade, - background ; out at elbows, down in the world. injrlorious; nameless, renownless ; un- YI. II. 5°. PERSONAL AFFECTIONS. 873—876. known to fame ; un-noticed, -noted^ -honoured, -glorified. shameful ; dis-graceful, -creditable, -reputable : despicable ; questionable ; unbecoming, unworthy ; derogatory ; de- grading, humiliating, infra dignitatem, dedecorous; scandalous, infamous, too bad, unmentionable ; ribald, opprobrious ; arrant, shocking, outrageous, notorious. ignominious, scrubby, dirty, abject, vile, beggarly, pitiful, low, mean, shabby ; base &c. {dishonourable) 940. Adv. to one s shame be it spoken. Int. fie ! shame ! for shame ! proh pudor ! O tempora O snores ! ough ! sic transit yloi'ia mundi ! consecrate ; dedicate to, devote to ; enshrine, inscribe, blazon, lionize, blow the trumpet, crown wath laurel. confer -, reflect- honour &c. n. on ; shed a lustre on; redound to one's honour, ennoble. give -, do -, pay -, render- honour to ; honour, accredit, pay regard to, dignify, glorify; sing praises to &c. (approve) 93 1 ; look up to ; exalt, aggrandize, elevate, nobilitate. Adj. distinguished, distingue, noted ; of -note &c. w.; honoured &c. v.; popu- lar ; fashionable kc. 852. in good odour ; in -, in high- favour ; reput-, respect-, credit-able. remarkable &c. {important) 642 ; no- table, notorious; celebrated, renowned, in every one's mouth, talked of; fam-ous, i -ed ; far-famed ; conspicuous, to the front ; foremost ; in the -front rank, - ascendant. imperishable, deathless, immortal, never fading, cere jJerennius ; time- honoured. illustrious, glorious, splendid, brilliant, radiant ; bright &c. 420 ; full-blown ; honorific. eminent, prominent ; high &c. 206 ; in the zenith ; at the -head of, - top of the tree ; peerless, of the first water ; superior &c. 33 ; super-, pre-eminent. great, dignified, proud, noble, honourable, worshipful, lordly, grand, stately, august, princely, imposing, solemn, transcendent, maj estic, sacred. Sublime, heaven-born, heroic, sans peur et sans reproche\ sacrosanct. Int. hail ! all hail ! ave ! vii-a ! vive ! long life to ! glory -, honour- be to ! Phr. one's name -being in every mouth, - living for ever ; sic itur ad astra, fama volat, aid Cccsar aut nidlus ; not to know him argues oneself unknown ; none but himself could be his parallel, ^^a/wift?;^ qui mei-uit ferat. 875. Nobility.— Iff. nobility, rank, condition, distinction, optimacy, blood, pur sang, birth, high descent, order; quality, gentility; blue blood of Cas- tile ; ancien regime. high life, haute monde ; upper -classes, - ten thousand ; elite, aristocracy, great folks; fashionable world &c.(/«s/riow)852. peer, -age ; house of -lords, - peers ; lords, - temporal and spiritual ; noblesse; noble, -man ; lord, -ling ; grandee, mag- nijico, hidalgo ; don, -ship ; aristocrat, swell, three-tailed bashaw; gentleman, squire, squireen, patrician, laureate. gentry, gentlefolk ; squirarchy, better sort, magnates, primates, optimates. king &c. {inaster) 745 ; prince, duke ; 876. Commonalty. — w. com- monalty, democracy ; obscurity ; low -condition, - life, - society, - company ; hourgeoisie; mass of -the people, -society; Brown Jones and Robinson ; lower -, humbler- -classes, - orders; vidgar -, common- herd ; rank and file, hoc genus omne ; the -many, - general, - crowd, - people, - populace, - multitude, - million, - masses, - mobility, - pea- santry ; king Mob ; p'oletariat ; fruges consu7nere nati, dijpos, ol ttoXXoI, great unwashed. mob; rabble, -rout; chaff, rout, horde, canaille ; scum -, i-esiduum -, dregs- of -the people, - society; swinish multi- titude, foex populi ; 2^''ofanum -, ignohile- 297 875—879. AFFECTIONS. YI. II. 5". marquis, -ate; earl, yiscount, baron, thane, banneret ; baronet, -cy ; knight, -hood ; count, armiger, laird ; sig-, seig-nior; esquire, boyar, margrave, vavasour, emir, ameer, scherif, etfendi, sahib. princess, begum, duchess, marchioness ; countess &c. ; lady, dame. personage -, man- of -distinction, - mark, - rank; nota-bles, -bilities; ce- lebrity, big-wig, magnate, great man, star; magni nominis umbra : ' every inch a king.' V. be -noble &c. adj. Adj. noble, exalted ; of -rank &c. n. ; princely, titled, patrician, aristocratic; high-, well-born ; of gentle blood ; gen- teel, coimne il faut, gentlemanlike, courtly, &c. {fashionable) 852 ; highly respectable. Adv. in high quarters. 877. Title. — W. title, honour; knighthood &c. {nobility) 875. highness, excellency, grace ; lordship, worship; rever-ence, -end; esquire, sir, master, Mr., signer, senary Mein Herr, mynheer; your -, his- honour; serene highness: handle to one's name. decoration, laurel, palm, wreath, gar- land, bays, medal, ribbon, riband, blue ribbon, cordon, cross, crown, coronet, star, garter ; feather, - in one's cap ; epaulet, epaulette, colours, cockade ; livery ; order, arm.s, shield, scutcheon ; reward, (fee. 973. im-portant) 643 ; home-ly, plebeian, proletarian ; of vulgus ; vermin, riff-raif, tag-rag and bob- tail ; small fry. commoner, one of the people, demo- crat, plebeian, republican, proletary, />ro- letaire, roturier, ]VIr. Snooks, bourgeois, epieie.r, Philistine, cockney; grisette, de- mi-monde. peasant, countryman, boor, carle, churl ; vill-ain, -ein ; serf, kern, tyke, tike, chuif, ryot, fellah ; long -shore man ; swain, clown, hind; clod, -hopper; hobnail, yokel, bog-trotter, bumpkin; plough-man, -boy; rustic, chawbacon, tiller of the soil; hewers of wood and drawers of water, groundling; gaffer, loon, put, cub, Tony Lumpkin, looby, lout, under-ling; gamin-, rough; pot- wallopper, slubberdeguUion ; vulgar -, low- fellow ; cad, curmudgeon. upstart, parvenu, skipjack ; nobody, - one knows ; hesterni quii'ites, jjessoribus orti', bourgeois gentilhomme,nomis homo, snob, gent, mushroom, no one knows who, adventurer ; man of straw. beggar, gaberlunzie, muckworm, mud- lark, sans culotte, raff, tatterdemalion, caitiff, ragamuffin, Pariah, outcast of society, tramp, vagabond, chiffonnier, Cinderella, cinderwench, scrub, jade ; boots gossoon. Goth, Vandal, Hottentot, savage, barbarian, Yahoo ; unlicked cub, rough diamond. barbar-ousness, -ism ; Boeotia. V. be -ignoble &c. adj., - nobody &c. n. Adj. ignoble, common, mean, low, base, vile, sorry, scrubby, beggarly ; below par ; no great shakes &c. (ww- spun ; vulgar, low-minded ; snobbish, ■low, - mean- -parentage, - origin, - ex- traction : low-, base-, earth-born ; mushroom, dunghill, risen from the ranks ; unknown to fame, obscure, untitled. rustic, uncivilized ; lout-, boor-, clown-, churl-, brut-, raff-ish ; rude, unlicked. barbar-ous, -ian, -ic, -esque ; cockney, born within sound of Bow bells. underling, menial, subaltern. Adv. below the salt. 878. Pride.— u. dignity, self-re- spect, mens sibi conscia recti. pride ; haughtiness ivorce.-sr. divorce, -ment; separation ; judicial separation, separate maintenance ; separatio a -mensd et thoro, - vinculo matrimonii. widowhood, viduity, weeds. VI. III. 2°. SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS. 903—907. widow, -er ; relict ; dowager ; di-> vorcee : cuckold. V. live separate; separate, divorce. disespouse, put away ; wear the hori:o. feme, - coverte ; squaw, lady; matron, -age, -hood ; man and wife ; wedded pair. Darby and Joan. mono-, bi-, di-, deutero-, tri-, poly- gamy ; mormonism ; polyandrism ; Turk, Bluebeard. unlawfid. -, left-lianded -, morganatic -, ill-assorted- marriage ; mesalliance. V. marry, wive, take to oneself a wife ; be -married, - spliced ; go -, pair- oif ; wed, espouse, lead to tlie hymeneal altar, take ' for better for worse,' give one's hand to, bestow one's hand upon. marry, join, handfast; couple &c. {unite) 43 : tie the nuptial knot; give -away, - in marriage ; ally, affiance : betroth &c. {promise) 768 ; publish -, bid- the banns ; be asked in church. Adj. married &c. v. ; one, - bone and one flesh. marriageable, nubfie. engaged, betrothed, affianced. matrimonial, marital, conjugal, connubial, wedded; nuptial, hyme- neal, spousal, bridal. l^Jax, the grey mare the better horse. 2'^. Diffusive Sympathetic Affectioxj 906. Benevolence. — w. benevo- lence, Christian charity ; God's -love, - grace ; good- will ; philanthropy &c. 910; imseltisliuess ko.. 942. good -nature, - feeling, - wishes ; kind-, kindli-ness Szcadj.; lovingkind- ness, benignity, brotherly love, charity, humanity, fellow - feeling, sympathy ; goodness -, w- armth- of heart ; bonhomie : kind-heartedness; amiability, milk of human kindness, tenderness; love &c. 897 ; friendship kc. 888. toleration, consideration, generosity ; mercy &c. {pitij) 914. charitableness &c. adj. ; bounty, alms- giving ; good works, beneficence, the luxury of doing good. acts of kindness, a good turn ; good -, kind- -offices, - treatment. good Samaritan, sympathizer, hon en- fant; altruist. V. be -benevolent &c. adj. ; have one's heart in the right place, bear good will ; wish -well, - God speed ; view -, regard- with an eye of favour ; take in good part ; take -, feel- an interest in ; be -, feel- interested- in ; sympathize with, feel for ; fraternize &c. {he friendly) 888. enter into the feelings of others, do as you would be done by, meet half-way. treat well ; give comfort, smooth the bed of death ; do -good, - a good turn ; 907. malevolence.— IT. male- volence ; bad intent, -ion ; lui-, dis-kind- ness ; ill -nature, - will, - blood ; bad blood ; enmity &c. 889 ; hate &c. 898 ; malignity: malice, - prepense ; malicious- ness &c. adj. ; spite, despite ; resentment &c. 900. uncharitableness acz/7/) 723 ; let the wound heal. Adj. forgiving, placable, conciliatory. ' forgiven &c. v. ; un-resented, -avenged, Adv. cry you mercy. Phr. veniam petimusque damusque vicii in anger. -ment ; vengeance ; avenge-ment, -ance ; sweet revenge, vendetta, death-feud, blood for blood ; retaliation &c. 7 .1 8 ,• day of reckoning. rancour, vindictiveness, implacability ; malevolence &c. 907 ; ruthlessness &c. 914a. [nides. avenger, vindicator, Nemesis, Eume- V. re-, a-venge ; take -, have one's- revenge ; breathe -revenge, - vengeance ; wreak one's -vengeance, - anger. have -accounts to settle, - a crow to pluck, - a rod in pickle. keep the wound green ; harbour -re- venge, - vindictive feehng ; bear malice ; rankle, - in the breast. Adj. revenge-, venge-ful ; vindictive, rancorous; pitiless &c. 9I4«; ruthless, rigorous, avenging. unforgiving, unrelenting ; inexorable, stony-hearted, implacable ; relent-, re- morse-less. ceternum servans sub pectoi-e vvlnus ; rankling, immitigable. Phr. manet -cicatrix, - altd mente repostum. -revenged. sim ; more in sorrow than 920. Jealousy. — w. jeaious-y, -ness ; jaundiced eye ; green-eyed monster; yellows; Juno. V. be -jealous &c. adj. ; view with -jealousy, - a jealous eye. Adj. jealous, - as a Barbary pigeon ; jaundiced, yellow-eyed, horn- mad. 921. Envy. — wr. envy; enviousness &c. adj.; rivalry; ja/oz(s?e da metier. V. envy, covet, burst with envy. Adj. envious, invidious, covetous ; alieni apjKteiis. Section' IV. MORAL AFFECTIONS. 1°. MoKAL Obligations. 922. Rig'ht. — la". right ; what -ought to, - should- be ; fitneas &c. ad]'. ; summnm jus. justice, equity; equitableness &c. adj.:, propriety : fair play, impartiality, mea- sure for measure, give and take, lex talionis. Astrsea, Nemesis, Themis. scales of justice, even-handed justice. 923. Wrong-.— w. wrong; what -ought not to, - should not- be ; malum in se\ unreasonableness, grievance; shame. injustice; unfairness &c. adj.; in- iquity, foul play, partiality, leaning; favour, -itism; nepotism, party spirit; undueness &c, 925 ; milawfulness &c. 964. 3^S 922—925. AFFECTIONS. VI. IV. i^ suum cuique; clear stage -, fah: field- and no favour. morals &c. (duty) 926 ; law &c. 963 ; honour &c. {pi'ohity) 939; virtue &c. 944. V. be -right &c. adj. ; stand to reason. see -justice done, - one righted, - fair play; do justice to ; recompense &c. (rezvard) 973 ; hold the scales even, give and take ; serve one right, put the saddle on the right horse ; give -every one, - the devil- his due ; audire cdteram partem. deserve t&c. (6e entitled to) 924. Adj. right, good ; just, reasonable ; fit &c. 924 ; equ-al, -able, -itable ; even- handed, fair. legitimate, j iistifiable, rightful ; as it -should, - ought to- be ; lawful &c. {^per- mitted) 760, {legal) 963. deserved &c. 924. Adv. rightly &c. adj. ; in -justice, - equity, - reason. without -distinction of, - regard to, - respect to- persons ; upon even terms. Int. all right! S24:. Dueness. — w. due, -ness ; right, privilege, prerogative, prescription, title, claim, pretension, demand, birth- right. immunity, licence, liberty, franchise ; vested -interest, - right. sanction, authority, warranty, charter ; warrant &c. {pej-mission) 760; consti- tution &c. {laio) 963 ; tenure ; bond &c. {security) 771. claimant, appellant ; plaintiiF &c. 938. V. be -due &:c. adj. to, - the due &c. n. of; have -right, - title, - claim- to ; be entitled to ; have a claim upon ; be- long to &c. {property) 780. deserve, merit, be worthy of, richly deserve. demand, claim ; call upon -, come upon -, appeal to- for; re-vendicate, -3laim ; exact ; insist -on, - upon ; chal- lenge ; take one's stand, make a point of, require, lay claim to, assert, assume, arrogate, make good ; substantiate ; vin- dicate a -claim, - right ; make out a case. give -, confer- a right'; entitle ; au- thorize &c. 760 ; sanctify, legalize, or- dain, prescribe, allot. give every one his duo &c. 922 ; pay one's dues ; have one's -due, - rights. 316 robbing Peter to pay Paul &c. v. ; the wolf and the lamb ; vice kc. 945. a custom more honoured in the breach than the observance. V. be -wrong &c. adj. ; cry to heaven for vengeance. do -wrong &c. ??.; be -inequitable ifec. adj.; favour, lean towards; encroach; impose upon ; reap where one has not sown ; give an inch and take an ell ; rob Peter to pay Paul. Adj. wrong, -ful ; bad, too bad ; un- just, -fair; in-, un~equitable ; unequal, partial, one-sided. objectionable ; un-reasonable, -allow- able, -warrantable, -justifiable; im- proper, unfit ; unjustified &c. 925 ; ille- gal &c. 964 ; iniquitous ; immoral &c. 945. in the wrong, - box. Adv. wrongly &c. adj. Plir. it will not do. 925. [Absence of right.] Undue- ness. — W, undueness &c. adj.\ malum proJiihitum ; impropriety; illegality &c. 964- i'alseness &c. adj. ; emptiness -, inva- lidity- of title ; illegitimacy. loss of right, disfranchisement, forfei- ture. usurpation, tort, violation, breach, en- croachment, presumption, stretch, ex- action, imposition, l:ou"s share. usurper, pretender. V. be -undue &c. adj. ; not be -due &c. 924. infringe, encroach, trench on, exact ; arrogate, - to oneself ; give an inch and take an ell ; stretch -, strain- a point ; usurp, violate, do violence to. dis-franchise, -entitle, -qualify ; in- validate. relax &c. {he lax) 738 ; misbehave &c. {yice^ 945 ; misbecome. Adj. undue; unlawful &c. {illegal) 964 ; unconstitutional ; illicit ; un-au- thorised, -warranted, -allowed, -sanc- tioned, -justified ; un-, dis - entitled, -qualified ; un-privileged, -chartered. illegitimate, bastard, spurious, false j usurped, tortious. VI. IV. 1°. MORAL OBLIGATIONS. 924— 927a, -merited, -earned ; un-deserved, fulfilled. forfeited, disfranchised. improper ; un-meet, -fit, -befitting, -seemly ; iin-, mis-becoming ; seemless ; contra bonos snores ; not the thing, out of the question, not to be thought of; preposterous, pretentious, would-be. use a right, assert, enforce, put in force, lay under contribution. Adj. having a light to c^c. v.; en- titled to ; claiming ; deserving, merit- ing, worthy of. privileged, allowed, sanctioned, war- ranted, authorized; ordained, prescribed, constitutional, chartered, enfranchised. prescriptive, presumptive ; absolute, indefeasible ; un-, in-alienable ; impre- scriptible, inviolable, unimpeachable, unchallenged ; sacrosanct. due to, merited, deserved, condign, richly deserved. allowable &c. {permitted) 760; lawfuJ, licit, legitimate, legal; legalized &c. (Imv) 963. square, unexceptionable, right ; equitable &c. 922 ; due, en regie ; fit, -ting ; correct, proper, meet, befitting, becoming, seemly ; decorous ; creditable, up to the mark, right as a trivet; just -, quite- the thing ; selon les regies. Adv. duly, ex officio, dejure ; by -right, - divine right; juredivino, Dei gratia, in the name of. Plir. civis Romanus sum. 926. Duty. — »r. duty, what ought to be done, moral obligation, account- ableness, liability, onus, responsibility; bounden -, imperative- duty ; call, - of duty. allegiance, fealty, tie ; engagement &c. (promise) 768 ; part ; function, calling, &c. (business) 625. morality, morals, decalogue ; case of conscience ; conscientiousness &c. (p7'o- bity) 939 ; conscience, inward monitor, still small voice within, sense of duty, tender conscience. dueness &c. 924 ; propriety, fitness, seemliness, decorum, to Tvpenov; the -thing, - proper thing ; the -right, - proper- thing to do. [Science of morals] Eth-ics, -ology ; Deon-, Are-tology; Moral -, Ethical- Philosophy ; Casuistry, Polity. observance, fulfilment, discharge, per- formance, acquittal, satisfaction, redemp- tion ; good behaviour. V. be -the duty of, - incumbent &c. adj. on, - responsible &c. adj. ; behoove, become, befit, beseem ; belong -, per- tain- to ; fall to one's lot ; devolve on ; lie -upon, - on one's head, - at one's door ; rest -with, - on the shoulders of. take upon oneself &c. (pi-omise) 768 ; be -, become- -bound to, - sponsor for ; incur a -responsibility &c. n.; be stand lie- under an oblio-ation ; have to answer for, owe it to oneself. 927. Dereliction of Duty. — Iff. dereliction of duty ; fault kc. (guilt) 947 ; sin &c. (vice) 945 ; non-observance, -performance ; neglect, relaxation, in- fraction, ^iolation, transgression, failure, evasion ; dead letter. V. violate ; break, - through ; in- fringe ; set -aside, - at naught ; trample -on, - under foot ; slight, neglect, evade, renounce, forswear, repudiate ; wash one's hands of ; escape, transgress, fail. call to account &c. (disapprobation) 932. 927a. Ezexnption. — w. exemp- tion, freedom, irresponsibility, immu- nity, liberty, licence, release, exonera- tion, excuse, dispensation, absolution, franchise, renunciation, discharge.; ex- culpation &c. 970. V. be -exempt &c. adj. exempt, release, acquit, discharge, quiv- claim, remise, remit ; free, set at liberty, let off, pass over, spare, excuse, dispense with, give dispensation, license ; stretch a point; absolve Sz.c. (forgive) 918; exonerate &c. (exculpate) 970 ; save the necessity. Adj. exempt, free, at liberty, scot free ; released &c. v. ; unbound, unen- cumbered ; irresponsible, unaccountable, not answerable; excusable. 317 926—929. AFFECTIONS. VI. IV. 1°. impose a -duty &c. n.; enjoin, require, exact; bind, - over; saddle with, prescribe, assign, call upon, look to, oblige. enter upon -, perform -, observe -, fulfil -, discbarge -, adhere to -, acquit oneself of -, satisfy- -a duty, - an obligation ; act one's part, redeem one's pledge, do justice to, be at one's post ; do duty; do one's duty &c. {be virtuous) 944. be on one's good behaviour, mind one's P's and Q's. Adj. obligatory, binding; imperative, peremptory; stringent &c. (severe) 739; behooving &c. v.; incumbent -, chargeable- on; under obligation ; obliged -, bound -, tied- by ; saddled with. due -, beholden -, bound -, indebted- to ; tied down ; compromised &c. (promised) 768 ; in duty bound. amenable, liable, accountable, responsible, answerable. right, meet, *&c. (due) 924 ; moral, ethical, casuistical, conscientious, ethological. Adv. with, a safe conscience, as in duty bound, on one's own re- sponsibility, at one's own risk, suo j^ej'iculo ; in foro conscientice ; quamdiu se bene gesserit. Phr. dura lex sed lex. 2°. MoKAL Sentiments. 928. Respect. — W. respect, re- gard, consideration ; courtes}^ &c. 894 ; attention, deference, reverence, honour, esteem, estimation, veneration, admira- tion ; approbation &c. 931. homage, fealty, obeisance, genuflexion, kneeling, prostration ; obsequiousness &c. 886 ; salaam^ kotou, bow, presenting arms, salute, respects, regards, duty, devoirs, cgards. devotion &c. (piety) 987. V. respect, regard ; revere, -nee ; hold in reverence, honour, venerate, hallow ; esteem &c. (approve of) 931 ; think much of; entertain -, bear- respect for; look up to, defer to ; pay -attention, - respect &c. n.' to ; do -, render- honour to ; do the honours, hail ; show courtesy &c. 894 ; salute, present arms ; do -, pay- homage to ; pay tribute to, kneel to, bow to, bend the knee to ; fall down before, prostrate oneself, kiss the hem of one's garment ; worship &c. 990. keep one's distance, make room, ob- serve due decorum, stand upon ceremony. command -, inspire- respect; awe, impose, overawe, dazzle. Adj. respecting &c. v.; respectful, deferential, decorous, reverential, obse- quious, ceremonious, bare-headed, cap in hand, on one's knees ; prostrate &c. (servile) 886. respected &c. v. ; in high -esteem, - estimation; time-honoured, venerable, emeritus. 318 929. Disrespect.— w. dis- re- spect, -esteem, -estimation; disparage- ment &c. (disjjraiss) 932, (detraction) 934- irreverence ; slight, neglect ; spretce injuria fo}-m(e; superciliousness &c. (con- tenrpt) 930. vilipendency, contumely, affront, dis- honour, insult, indignity, outrage, dis- courtesy &c. 895; practical joking; scurrility, scoffing, sibilation ; ir-, de- rision ; mockery ; irony &c. {ridicule) 856; sarcasm, hiss, hoot, gibe, flout, jeer, scoff*, gleek, taunt, sneer, quip, fling, w^ipe, slap in the face. V. hold in disrespect &c. (despise) 930 ; misprize, disregard, slight, trifle with, set at naught, pass by, push aside, overlook, turn one's back upon, laugh in one's sleeve; be -disrespectful ifcc, adj.,- discourteous &c, 895 ; treat with -dis- respect &c. n. ; set down, browbeat, dishonour, desecrate ; insult, affront, outrage. speak slightingly of ; disparage &c. (dispraise) 932 ; vilipend, call names ; throw -, fling- dirt ; drag through tbe mud, point at, indulge in personalities ; make -mouths, - faces ; bite the thumb ; take -, pluck- by the beard ; toss in a blanket, tar and feather. have -, hold- in derision ; deride, scoff, sneer, laugh at, snigger, ridicule, gibe, mock, jeer, taunt, twit, niggle, gleek,' VI. lY. 2^ MORAL SENTIMENTS. 928—932. Adv. in deference to; -with -all, - due, - the highest- respect ; with sub- mission. saving your -grace, - presence ; salva sit revei'entin ; pace tanti nominis. Int. hail ! all hail ! esto 'perpetua ! may your shadow never be less ! gird, flout, fleer ; roast, turn into ridi- cule ; burlesque &c. 856 ; laugh to scorn &c. (contempt) 930 ; smoke ; fool ; make -game, - a fool, - an April fool- of; piay a practical joke ; lead one a dance^ run the rig upon, have a fling at, scout^ hiss, hoot, mob. Adj. disrespectful ; aweless, irreye- rent; disparaging &c. 934; insulting &c. V. ; supercilious &c. {scoimful) 930 ; rude, derisive, sarcastic ; scur- ri-le, -lous; contumehous. un-respected, -worshipped, -envied, -saluted ; un-, dis-regarded. Adv. disrespectfully &c. adj. 930. Contempt. — w. contempt, disdain, scorn, sovereign con- tempt ; despi-sal, -ciency; vilipendency, contumely ; slight, sneer, spurn, by-word. contemptuousness &c. adj. ; scornful eye ; smile of contempt ; derision &c. {disrespect) 929. [State of being despised] despisedness. V. despise, contemn, scorn, disdain, feel contempt for, view with a scornful eye, disregard, slight, not mind ; pass by &c. (neglect) 460. look down upon ; hold -cheap, - in contempt, - in disrespect ; think -nothing, -small beer- of: make light of; underestimate &c. 483 ; esteem -slightly, - of small or no account ; take no account of, care nothing for ; set no store by ; not care a -straw &c. (unimportance) 643 ; set at naught, laugh in one's sleeve, snap one's fingers at, shrug one's shoulders, tm*n up one's nose at, pooh-pooh, damn with faint praise ; sneeze -, whistle -, sneer- at ; curl up one's lip, toss the head, traiter de haut en has ; laugh at &c. (he disrespectfid) 929. point the finger of -, hold up to -, laugh to- scorn ; scout, hoot, flout, hiss, scofi" at. turn -one's back, - a cold shoulder- urpon ; tread -, trample- -upon, - imder foot ; spurn, kick ; fling to the winds &c. (repudiate) 610 ; send away with a flea in the ear. Adj. contemptuous ; disdain-, scorn-ful ; withering, contumelious, supercilious, cj^nical, haughty, bumptious, cavalier ; derisive. contemptible, despicable ; pitiable ; pitiful &c. (unimportant) 643 ; despised &c. v.; down-trodden; unenvied. Adv. contemptuously &c. adj. Int. a fig for &c. (unimiyortant) 643 ; bah ! never mind ! away with ! hang it ! fiddle-de-dee ! 931. Approbation. — it. appro- bation ; approv-al, -ement ; sanction, advocacy ; nod of approbation ; esteem, estimation, good opinion, golden opin- ions, admiration ; love &c. 897 ; appre- ciation,regard, account, popularity, Kvbos, credit ; repute &c. 873. commendation, praise ; laud, -ation ; good word ; meed -, tribute- of praise ; encomium ; eulog-y, -ium ; elocje, pane- gyric ; homage, hero worship : benedic- tion, blessing, benison. applause, plaudit, clap ; clapping, - 932. Disapprobation.-^, dis- appro-bation, -val ; improbation ; dis-es- teem, -valuation, -placency ; odium ; dislike &c. 867. dis-praise, -commendation : blame, censure, obloquy; detraction &c. 934; disparagement, depreciation ; denunci- ation; condemnation &c. 971 ; ostracism. animadversion, reflection, stricture, objection, exception, criticism ; sardonic -grin, - laugh ; sarcasm, insinuation, in- nuendo ; bad -, poor compliment. lefthanded- 319 931—932. AFFECTIONS. VI. IV. 2' of hands ; accl-aim, -amation ; cheer; paean, liosannali ; shout -, peal -, chorus -, thunders- of -applause &c.; Pryta- neum. V. approve ; think -good, - much of, - well of, - highly of; esteem, value, prize ; set great store -by, - on. do justice to, appreciate; honour, hold in esteem, look up to, admire ; like &c. 897; be in favour of, wish God speed ; hail, - with satisfaction. stand -, stick- up for ; upliold, hold up, countenance, sanction ; clap -, pat- on the back ; keep in countenance, en- dorse, give credit, recommend ; mark with a white -mark, - stone. commend, praise, laud, compliment, pay a tribute, bepraise ; clap, - the hands ; applaud, cheer, acclamate, en- core ; panegyrize, eulogize, cry up, jjro- ner, puff; extol, - to the skies ; mag- nify, glorify, exalt, swell, make much of; flatter &c. 933 ; bless, give a bles- sing to ; have -, sa)'- a good word for ; speak -well, - highly, - in high terms- of ; sing -, sound -, chaunt -, resound- the praises of ; sing praises to ; cheer -, applaud- to the -echo, - very echo. redound to the -honour, - praise, - credit- of ; do credit to ; deserve -praise &c. n. ; recommend itself ; pass muster. be -praised &c. ; receive honourable mention ; be in -favour, - high favour- with ; ring with the praises of, win golden opinions, gain credit, find favour with, stand well in the opinion of ; lau- dat'i a laudato viro. Adj. approving &c. v.; in favour of; lost in admiration. commendatory, complimentary, bene- dictory, laudatory, panegyrical, eulogis- tic, encomiastic, lavish of praise, uncri- tical. approved, praised, &,c.v.\ un-censured, -impeache 1 ; popular, in good odour ; in high esteem &c. {resjjected) 928 ; in -, in high- favour. deserving -, worthy of- praise &c. n. ; praiseworthy, commendable, of estima- tion ; good &c. 648 ; meritorious, esti- mable, creditable, plausible, unimpeach- able ; beyond all praise. Adv. with credit, to admiration ; well 4&:c. 618 ; with three times three. Int. hear hear ! well done ! h'avo ! bravisshno ! euge ! made virtute ! so far | 320 satire ; sneer &c. {contempt) 930 : taunt &c. (disrespect) 929 ; cavil, carp- ing, censoriousness ; hypercriticism &c. {fastidiousness) 868. reprehension, remonstrance, expostu- lation, reproof, reprobation, admonition, increpation, reproach; rebuke, repri- mand, castigation, jobation, lecture, cur- tain lecture, blow up, wigging, dressing, rating, scolding, trimming; correction, set down, rap on the knuckles, coup de bee, rebuff; slap, - on the face; home thrust, hit ; frown, scowl, black look. diatribe ; jeremi-ad, -ade; tirade, phi- lippic. clamour, outcry, hue and cry ; hiss, -ing ; sibilation, cat-call ; execration &c. 908. chiding, upbraiding, &c. v. ; exprobra- tion, abuse, vituperation, invective, ob- jurgation, contumely; hard -, cutting-, bitter- words. evil-speaking ; bad language &c. 908 ; personality. V. disapprove ; dislike &c. 867 ; lament &c. 839 ; object to, take exception to ; be scandalized at, think ill of; view with -disfavour, - dark eyes, - jaundiced eyes ; nil adrnirari, disvalue, improbate. frown upon, look grave ; bend -, knit- the brows ; shake the head at, shrug the shoulders ; turn up the nose &c. (con- tempt) 930 ; look -askance, - black upon ; look with an evil eye ; make a wry -face, - mouth- at ; set one's face against. dis- praise, -commend, -parage; de- precate, speak ill of, not speak well of; condemn kc. {Jind guilty) 971. blame ; lay -, cast- blame upon ; cen- sure, fronder, reproach, pass censure on, reprobate, impugn. remonstrate, expostulate, recriminate. reprehend, chide, admonish ; bring -, call- -to account, - over the coals, - to order ; take to task, reprove, lecture, bring to book ; read a -lesson, - lecture- to ; rebuke, correct. reprimand, chastise, castigate, lash, blow up, trounce, trim, laver la tete, overhaul ; give it one, - finely; gibbet. accuse &c. 938 ; impeach, denounce ; hold up to -reprobation, - execration ; expose, brand, gibbet, stigmatize ; show -, pull -, take- up ; cry ' shame' upon ; be outspoken ; raise a hue and cry against. VI. IV. 2" MORAL SENTIMENTS. 931— 93'ft. so good, that's right, quite right ; op- time ! one cheer more ; may your sha- dow never be less ! esto perpetua ! long life to ! viva ! evuiva ! God speed ! valete et plaudite ! encm'e ! hia ! Plir. prohatum est. execrate &c. 908 ; exprobrate, speak daggers, vituperate ; abuse, - like a pickpocket ; scold, rate, obj urgate, up- braid, fall foul of; jaw ; rail, - at, - in good set terms ; bark at ; anathema- tize, call names ; call by -hard, - ugly- names ; a-, re-vile ; viU-fy, -pend ; be- spatter ; backbite ; clapperclaw ; rave -, thunder -, fulminate- against ; load with reproaches. exclaim -, protest -, inveigh -, declaim -, cry out -, raise one's voice- against. decry ; cry -, run -, frown- down ; clamour, hiss, hoot, mob, ostra- cize ; draw up -, sign- a round robin. animadvert -, reflect- upon ; glance at; cast -reflection, - reproach, - a slur- upon ; insinuate, damn with faint praise ; ' hint a fault and hesitate dislike ' ; not to be able to say much for. scoft' at, point at ; twit, taimt, &.c. {disrespect) 929 ; sr.eer at &c. (despise) 230; satirize, lampoon , defame &c. (detract) 934; depreciate, find fault with, criticize, cut up ; pull -, pick- to pieces ; take excep- tion; cavil; peck -, nibble -, carp- at ; be -censorious &c. adj.) pick -holes, - a hole, - a hole in one's coat ; make a fuss about. take -, set- down ; snub, snap one up, give a rap on the knuckles ; throw a stone -at, - in one's garden ; have a -fling, - snap- at ; have words with, pluck a crow with; give one a -wipe, - lick with the rough side of the tongue. incur blame, excite disapprobation, scandalize, shock, revolt ; get a bad name, forfeit one's good opinion, be under a cloud, come under the feriile, bring a hornet's nest about one's ears. take blame, stand corrected ; have to answer for. Adj. disapproving &c. r. ; scandalized. disparaging, condemnatory, damnatory, denunciatory, reproachful, abusive, objurgatory, clamorous, vituperative ; defamatory &c. 934. satirical, sarcastic, sardonic, cynical, dry, sharp, cutting, biting, severe, withering, trencliant, hard upon ; censorious, critical, captious, carping, hypercritical ; fastidious &c. 868 ; sparing of -, grudging- praise. disapproved, chid, &c. v. ; in bad odour, blown upon, unapproved ; unblest; at a discount, exploded ; weighed in the balance and found wanting. blameworthy, reprehensible &c. (guilt) 947 ; to -, worthy of- blame answerable, uncommendable, exceptionable, not to be thought of bad Szc. 649; vicious, &c. 945. un-lamented, -bewailed, -pitied. Adv. with a wry face ; reproachfully &c. adj. Int. it is too bad ! it -won't, - will never- do ! marry come up ! Oh ! come !. 'sdeath ! forbid it Heaven ! God -, Heaven- forbid ! out -, fie- upon it ! away with ! tut ! tempora ! O mores ! shame ! fie, - for shame ! out on you ! tell it not in Gath ! KT. flattery, adu- 933. nattery lation, gloze ; bland-ishment, -iloquence ; cajolery ; fawning, wheedling, &c. v. ; captation, coquetry, sycophancv, flun- 321 934. Detraction.— 10-. detrac- tion, disparagement, depreciation, vilifi- cation, obloquy, scurrility, scandal, de- famation, aspersion, traducement, slan- 933—938. AFFECTIONS. VI. IV. 2°. keyism, toad-eating, tuft-liuntiDg; snob- bishness. incense, honeyed words, flummery ; hurir-kum, -comhe ; blarney, placebo, but- ter ; soft -soap, - sawder ; rose water. voice of the charmer, mouth honour ; lip-homage; euphemism; unctuousness &c. adj. V. flatter, praise to the skies, puff"; wheedle, cajole, glaver, coax; fawn, - upon ; humour, gloze, soothe, pet, co- quet, slaver, butter ; be-spatter, -slubber, -plaster, -slaver ; lay it on thick, over- praise ; earwig, cog, collogue ; truckle -, pander or pandar -, pay court- to ; court; creep into the good graces of; purry favour with, hang on the sleeve of ; fool to the top of one's bent ; lick the dust. lay the flattering unction to one's soul, gild the pill, make things pleasant. overestimate &c. 482 ; exaggerate &c. 549. Adj. flattering &c. v.; adulatory; mealy- honey - mouthed ; honeyed ; smooth, - tongued ; soapy, oily, unc- tuous, blandiloquent, specious ; fine-, fair-spoken; plausible, servile, syco- phantic, fulsome ; courtier-ly, -like. Adv. ad captandum. 935. riatterer, — w. flatterer, adulator ; eu-logist, -phemist ; optimist, encomiast, laudator, whitewasher. toad-y, -eater ; sycophant, courtier. Sir Pertinax MacSycophant ; Jldneur, pi'oneur ; puffer, touter, claqueur ; claw- back, ear-wig, doer of dirty work ; para- site, hanger on, &c. {servility) 886. 937. Vindication.— W. vindica- tion, justification, warrant ; exoneration, exculpation ; acquittal &c. 970 ; white- washing. extenuation; pallia-tion, -tive ; soften- ing, mitigation. reply, defence ; recrimination &c. 938. apology, gloss, varnish ; plea &c. 617; salvo; excuse, extenuating cir- cumstances ; allowance, - to be made ; I0CU8 pcenitentics. apologist, vindicator, justifier ; defen- dant &c. 938. justifiable charge, true bill. 322 der, calumny, obtrectation, evil-speak- ing, backbiting, scandalum magnatum. personality, libel, lampoon, skit, pas- quinade ; chronique scandaleuse. sarcasm, cynicism; criticism {disap- probation) 932 ; invective &c. 932 ; en- venomed tongue ; spretce injuria fonnce, detractor &c, 936. V. detract, derogate, decry, depre- ciate, disparage ; run -, cry- down ; sneer at &c. {contemn) 930; criticize, pull to pieces, pick a hole in one's coat, asperse, cast aspersions, blow upon, be- spatter, blacken ; vili-fy, -pend ; avile ; give a dog a bad name, brand, malign, backbite, libel, lampoon, traduce, slan- der, defame, calumniate, bear false wit- ness against ; speak ill of behind one's, back. * ' damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer ; and without sneering, others teach to sneer.' fling dirt &c. {disrespect) 929 ; ana- thematize &c. 932 ; dip the pen in gall, view in a bad light. Adj . detracting &c. v. ; defamatory, detractory, derogatory; disparaging, li- bellous ; scurril-e, -ous ; abusive ; foul- spoken, -tongued, -mouthed ; slanderous ; calumni-ous, -atory; sar-castic, -donic; satirical, cynical. 936. Betractor.— w. detractor, reprover ; cens-or, -urer ; cynic, critic, caviller, carper, wordcatcher, frondeur. defamer, backbiter, slanderer. Sir Ben- jamin Backbite, lampooner, satirist, tra- ducer, hbeller, calumniator, dawplucker, Thersites ; Zoilus ; good-natured friend [satirically] ; reviler, vituperator, cas- tigator ; shrew &c. 901. disapprover, laudator temporis acti. 938. Accusation.— XJ. accusa- tion, charge, imputation, slur, inculpation, exprobration, delation ; crimination ; in-, ac-, re-crimination ; tu quoque argument ; invective &c. 932. de-nunciation, -nouncement; libel, challenge, citation, arraignment ; im-, ap-peachment ; indictment, bill of indict- ment, true bill ; lawsuit &c. 969 ; con- demnation &c. 971. gravamen of a charge, head and front of one's offending, argumentum ad homi- nem-, scandal &c. {detraction) 934; scan- dalum magnatum. VI. IV. 3°. MORAL SENTBIENTS— CONDITIONS. 937—940. V. justify, warrant; be an -excuse &c. n.- for; lend a colour, furnish a handle; vindicate; ex-, dis-cidpate; acquit &c. 970 ; clear, set right, exoner- ate, whitewash. extenuate, palliate, excuse, soften, apologize, yarnish, slur, gloze ; put a -gloss, - good face- upon ; mince ; gloss over, bolster up, help a lame dog over a stile. advocate, defend, plead one's cause ; stand -, stick -, speak- up for ; contend -, speak- for ; bear out, keep in counte- nance, support ; plead &c. 617; savin defence ; plead ignorance ; confess and avoid, propugn, put in a good word for. take the will for the deed, make allow- ance for, do justice to ; give -one, - the Devil- his due. make good; prove -the truth of, - one's case ; be justified by the event. Adj. vindicat-ed, -ing, &c. 1'. ; vindi- cat-ive, -ory ; palliative ; exculpatory ; apologetic. excusable, defensible, pardonable ; veni-al, -able ; specious, plausible, justi- fiable. Phr. ^honi soit quimcd y pense.^ accuser, prosecutor, plaintiff; relator, informer; appellant. accused, defendant, prisoner, panel, respondent ; litigant. V. accuse, charge, tax, impute, twit, taunt with, reproach. brand with reproach ; stigmatize, slur ; cast a -stone at, - slur on ; in-, criminate ; inculpate, implicate ; call to account &c. (censure) 932 ; take to -blame, - task ; put in the black book. infonn against, indict, denounce, ar- raign ; im-, ap-peach ; have up, show up, pull up ; challenge, cite, lodge a com- plaint ; prosecute, bring an action against, &c. 969. charge -, saddle- with ; lay to one's -door, - charge ; lay the blame on, bring home to ; cast -, throw- in one's teeth ; cast the first stone at. have -, keep- a rod in pickle for ; have a crow to pluck with. trump up a charge. Adj. accusing &c. i'. ; accusat-ory, -ive ; imputative, denmiciatory ; re-, criminatory. accused &c. v. ; suspected ; under -suspicion, - a cloud, - surveillance ; in -custody, - detention ; in the -lock up, - watch house, - house of detention. accusable, imputable ; in-defensible, -excusable ; un-pardonable, -justifiable ; vicious &c. 945. Int. look at home; tu quoque &c. {retaliation) 718. 3°. MoKAL Condition's. 939. Probity.— nsr. probity, in- tegrity, rectitude ; uprightness &c. adj. ; honesty, faith ; honour; good faith, &ona fides ; purity, clean hands. fairness '&c. adj.; fair play, justice, equity, impartiality, principle ; grace. constancy ; faithfulness &c. adj. ; fi- delity, loyalty ; incorrupt-ion, -ibility. trustworthiness &c. adj. ; truth, can- dour, singleness of heart; veracity kc. 543 ; tender conscience &c. {sense of duty) 926. punctilio, delicacy, nicety ; scrupul- osity, -ousness, &c. adj. ; scruple ; point, - of honour ; punctuality. dignity &c. {repute) ^j 2 '■^ respecta- bility, -bleness »S:c. adj.-, gentleman; man of -honour, - his word; Jidus Achates, preux chevalier, (/alantuoino : truepenny, trump, brick ; true Briton. 323 940. Improbity.— X. improbity; dishon-esty, -our ; deviation from recti- tude ; disgrace &c. (disrejmte) 874; fi-aud &c. {deceptio7i) 545 ; lying kc. 544 ; bad -, Punic- faith ; mala -, Punica- Jides : infidelity ; faithlessness &c. adj. ; Judas kiss, betrayal. breach of -promise, - trust, - faith ; prodition, disloyalty, treason, high trea- son ; apostacy &c. {tergiversation) 607 ; non-observance &c. Jj;^. shabbiuess &c. adj. ; villany ; baseness &c. adj. ; abjection, debasement, turpi- tude, moral turpitude, laxity, trimming, shuffling. perfidy ; perfidiousness &c. adj. ; trea- chery, double-dealing ; unfairness &c. adj.; knavery, roguery, rascality, foul- play ; jobb-ing, -ery ; venality, nepotism ; corruption, job, shuffle, fishy transaction Y 2 939—943. AFFECTIONS. VI. IV. 3° court of honour, a fair field and no favour ; ai'gumentum ad verecundiam. V, be -honourable &c. adj.; deal -honourably, - squarely, - impartially, - fairly ; speak the truth &c. {veracity) 543 ; tell the truth and shame the devil, vitam impendere vero; show a proper spirit, make a point of; do one's duty &c. {virtue) 944. redeem one's pledge &c. 926 ; keep -, be as good as- one's -promise, - word ; keep faith with, not fail. give and take, audire alteram jjaj'te?)!, give the devil his due, put the saddle on the right horse. redound to one's honour. Adj. upn fht : honest, - as aaylight ; veracious &c. 543 ; vu'tuous &c. 944 ; honourable; fair, right, just, equitable, impartial, even-handed, square ; fair -, open- and aboveboard. constant, - as the northern star ; faith- ful, loyal, staunch ; true, - blue, - to one's colours, - to the core, - as the needle to the pole ; true-hearted, trust-y, -worthy ; as good as one's word, to be depended on, incorruptible. straightforward &c. {ingenuous) 703 ; frank, candid, open-hearted. conscientious, tender- conscienced, right-minded; high-principled, -minded ; scrupulous, religious, strict ; nice, punc- tilious, correct, punctual ; respect-, re- put-able ; gentlemanlike. inviol-able, -ate ; un-violated, -broken, -betrayed ; un-bought, -bribed. innocent &c. 946 ; pure ; stainless ; UD-stained, -tarnished, -sullied, -tainted, -perjured; uncorrupt, -ed ; unde-liled, -praved, -bauched; integer vitcB scele- risque jnirus ; Justus et tenax jJropositi. chivalrous, jealous of honour, srt/is^swr et sans reproche ; high-spirited. supra-mundane, unworldly, over-scrupulous. Adv. honourably «&;c. adj. ; hondjide ; on the square, in good faith, honour bright, /oro conscientice, with clean hands. 941. Knave. — m. knave, rogue ; Scapin, rascal ; Lazarillo de Tormes ; bad man &c. 949 ; blackguard «S:c. 949. traitor, betrayer, arch-traitor, conspirator, Judas, Catiline; reptile, serpent, snake in the grass, wolf in sheep's clothing, sneak, Jerry Sneak, tell-tale, mischief-maker ; trimmer, renegade, &c. {tergivei'sation) 607 ; truant, recreant ; sycophant &c. {servility) 886. barratry, sharp practice, heads I win tails you lose ; mouth-honour kc. {Jlat- tery) 933. V. be -dishonest &c, adj. ; play false ; break one's -word, - faith, - promise ; jilt, betray, forswear; shuffle &c. {lie) 544 ; live" by one's wits, sail near the wind. disgrace -, dishonour -, demean -, degrade- oneself; derogate, stoop, grovel, sneak, lose caste ; sell oneself, go over to the enemy ; seal one's infamy. Adj. dishon-est, -ourable ; un-con- scientious, -scrupulous ; fraudulent &c. 545; knavish; disgraceful &c. (^/s;T_/m/;- able) 874 ; wicked &c. 945. false-hearted, disingenuous; unfair, one-sided ; double, -tongued, -faced ; time-serving, crooked, tortuous, insidi- ous, Machiavelian, dark, slippery ; hshy ; perfidious, treacherous, perjured. infamous, arrant, foul, base, vile, ig- nominious, blackguard. contemptible, abject, mean, shabby, little, paltry, dirty, scurvy, scabby, sneak- ing, grovelling, scrubby, rascally, petti- fogging ; beneath one. iow-minded,-thoughted ; base-minded. undignified, indign ; unbe - coming, -seeming, -fitting ; de-rogatory, -grading ; infra dignitatem ; ungentleman-ly, -like ; un-knightly, -chivalric, -manly," -hand- some; recreant, inglorious. corrupt, venal ; debased, mongrel. faithless, of bad faith, false, unfaithful, disloyal ; untrustworthy ; trust-, troth- less ; lost to shame, dead to honour. Adv. dishonestly &c. adj. ; maldjlde, like a thief in the night, by crooked paths. Int. O tempora O mores ! 942. Disinterestedness. — ir. disinterestedness &c. adj. ; generosity ; 324 943. Selfishness.— IT. selfish- ness &c. adj.] self-love, -indulgence, VI. IV. 3' MORAL CONDITIONS. 942— £>45. liberal-ity, -ism ; altruism ; benevolence &c. 906 ; elevation, loftiness of purpose, exaltation, magnanimity ; chival-ry, -rous spirit ; heroism, sublimity. self-denial, -abnegation, -sacrifice, -im- molation, -control &c. {resolution) 604 ; stoicism, devotion, martyrdom, suttee. labour of love. V. be -disinterested kc. adj. ; make a sacrifice, lay one's head on the block ; put oneself in the place of others, do as one would be done by, do unto others as "we would men should do unto us. Adj. disinterested ; unselfish ; self- denying, -sa2rificing, -devoted ; generous. handsome, liberal, noble ; noble-, high- minded ; princely, great, high, elevated, lofty, exalted, spirited, stoical, magnani- mous, large-hearted, chivalrous, heroic, sublime. •> un-bought, -bribed ; uncorrjipted &c. {upnffht)939. -worship, -interest; ego-tism, -ism; amour propre &c. {vanity) 880 ; nepo- tism. worldliness &c. adj. ; world wisdom. illiberality ; meanness &c. adj. time-server; tuft-, fortune-hunter; jobber, worldling; egotist, egoist, mono- polist, nepotist ; dog in the manger, charity that begins at home. V. be -selfish &c. adj. ; please -, in- dulge -, coddle- oneself ; consult one's own -wishes, - pleasure ; look after one's own interest ; feather one's nest ; take care of number one, have an eye to the main chance, know on which side one's bread is buttered ; give an inch and take an ell. Adj. selfish; self-seeking, -indulgent, -interested ; wrapt up -, centred- in self •, egotistic, -al ; egoistical. iUiberal, mean, ungenerous, narrow- &c. 819. ' unspiritual-, earthly, -minded ; mun- dane; worldly, -minded, -wise ; time-serving, interested ; alieni appetens sui profusus. Adv. ungenerously kc adj. ; to gain some private ends, from inte- rested motives. Phr. apres nous le deluge. 9*4. Virtue w, ousness &c. adj. ; morality ; moral recti- tude ; integrity &c. {probity) 939; no- bleness &c. 873. morals ; ethics &c. {duty) 926 ; car- dinal virtues. merit, worth, desert, excellence, credit; self-control &c. {resolution) 604; self- denial &c. {temperance) 953. well-doing ; good -actions, - beha- viour ; discharge -, fulfilment -. per- formance- of duty; well-spent life ; in- nocence &c. 946. V. be -virtuous »S:c. adj.; practise -virtue &c. n. ; do -, fulfil -, perform -, discharge- one's duty; redeem ones pledge &c. 926 ; act well, - one's part ; fight the good fight; acquit oneself weU,; command -, master- one's pas- sions ; keep in the right path. set -an, - a good- example ; be on one's -good. - best- beha\iour. Adj. virtuous, good ; innocent &c. 946 ; meritorious, deserving, worthy, desertful, correct ; dut-iful, -eous ; mo- ral; right, -eous, -minded; well-inten- 945. Vice. — N". vice ; evil -doing, - courses; wrong doing; wickedness, viciousness, kc. adj. ; iniquity, pecca- bility, demerit ; sin, Adam ; old -, offending- Adam. immorality, impropriety, indecorum, scandal, laxity, looseness of morals ; want of -principle, - ballast ; obliquity, back- sliding, infamy, demoralization, pravity, depravity, pollution ; hardness of heart ; brutality &c. {malevolence) 907 ; corrup- tion &c. {debasement) 659 ; knaverj^ &c. {iin^v'obity) g^o; profligacy; flagrancy, atrocity ; cannibalism. infirmity; weakness &c. adj.; weak- ness of the flesh, frailty, imperfection ; error ; weak side ; foible ; fail-ing, -ure ; crying -, besetting- sin; defect, defi- ciency ; cloven foot. lowest dregs of vice, sink of iniquity, Alsatian den ; gusto picaresco. fault, crime; criminality &c. {guilt) 947- sinner &c. 949. V. be -vicious &c. adj. ; sin, commit sin, do amiss, err, transgress ; misde- 325 9H— 947, AFFECTIONS. VI. IV. s''. tioned, creditable, laudaMe, commend- able, praiseworthy; above -, beyond- all praise ; excellent, admirable ; ster- ling, pure, noble. exemplary ; match-, peer-less ; saint- ly, -like ; heaven-born, angelic, seraphic, godlike. Adv. virtuously &c. adj. ; e merito. mean -, forget -, misconduct- oneself; mis-do, -behave; fall, lapse, slip, trip, offend, trespass ; deviate from the -line of duty, - path of virtue &c. 944 ; take a wrong course, go astray ; hug a -sin, - fault ; sow one's wild oats. render -vicious &c. adj.; demoralize, brutalize ; corrupt &c. (dep'ade) 659. Adj.* vicious ; sinful; sinning &c. v. ; wicked, iniquitous, immoral, unrighteous, . wrong, criminal ; naughty, incorrect ; undut-eous, -iful. unprincipled, lawless, disorderly, contra bonos mores, indecorous, un- seemly, improper ; dissolute, profligate, scampish ; unworthy ; worth-, desert-less ; disgraceful, recreant ; reprehensible, blameworthy, imcom- mendable ; dis-creditable, -reputable. base, sinister, scurvy, foul, gross, vile, black, grave, facinorous, felonious, nefarious, shameful, scandalous, infamous, villanous, of a deep dye, heinous ; flag-rant, -itious ; atrocious, incarnate, accursed. Mephistophelian, satanic, diabolic, hellish, infernal, stygian, fiend- like, hell-born, demoniacal. mis-created, -begotten; demoralized, corrupt, depraved, evil-minded, -disposed ; ill-conditioned ; malevolent &c. 907 ; heart-, grace-, shame-, virtue-less ; abandoned, lost to virtue ; unconscion- able ; sunk -, lost -, deep -, steeped- in iniquity. incorrigible, irreclaimable, obdurate, reprobate, past praying for ; culpable, reprehensible, &c. {guilty) 947. unjustifiable ; in-defensible, -excusable ; inexpiable, unpardonable, irremissible. weak, frail, lax, infirm, imperfect, indiscreet ; demoralizing, de- grading. Adv. wrong ; sinfully &c. adj. ; without excuse. Int. O tempora O mores ! 946. Innocence. — w. innocence; guiltlessness &c. adj. ; incorruption, im- peccability. clean hands, clear conscience, mens sihi conscia recti. innocent, lamb, dove. V. be -innocent &c. adj. ; nil conscire sihi nulla pallescere culpa. acquit &c. 970 ; exculpate &c. (vindi- cate) 937. Adj. innocent, not guilty; unguilty; guilt-, fault-, sin-, stain-, blood-, spot- less ; clear, immaculate ; rectus in curia ; un-spotted, -blemished, -erring ; unde- filed &c. 939; unhardened, Saturnian; Arcadian &c. (artless) 703. in-, un-culpable ; unblam-ed, -able ; blameless, inerrable, above suspicion ; irrepr-oachable, -ovable, -ehensible ; un- exceptionable, -objectionable, -impeach- able; salvable ; venial &c. 937. 947. Guilt. — lU. guilt, -iness ; culpability; crimin-ality, -ousness; de- viation from rectitude &c. (improbity) 940; sinfulness &c. (wee) 945. mis-conduct, -behaviour, -doing, -deed ; malpractice, fault, sin, error, transgres- sion ; dereliction, delinquency ; indis- cretion, lapse, slip, trip, faux pas, pec- cadillo ; flaw, blot, omission ; fail-ing, -ure. offence, trespass ; mis-demeanour, -fea- sance, -prision; mal-efaction, -feasance, -versation ; crime, felony. enormity, atrocity, outrage ; deadly -, mortal- sin ; died without a name. corpus delicti. * Adj. guilty, to blame, culpable, pec- cable, in fault, censurable, reprehensible, blameworthy, uncommendable, illaud- able ; weighed in the balance and found wanting ; exceptionable. * Most of these adjectives are applicable both to the act and to the agent. 326 VI. IV. 3' MORAL CONDITIONS. Adv. m flagrante delicto in the very act. harmless ; in-offensive, -noxious, -no- cuous ; dove-, lamb-like ; pure, harmless as doves ; innocent as -a lamb, - the babe unborn ; more sinned against than ginning. virtuous &c. 944 ; un-reproved, -impeached, -reproached. Adv. innocently &c. adj. ; with clean hands ; with a -clear, conscience. * 946—951. ; red-handed, safe- 948. Good Man. — xr. good man, worthy. model, paragon, &c. {perfection) 650 ; good example ; hero, demigod, seraph, angel ; innocent &c. 946 ; saint &c. {j>iety) 987; benefactor &c. 912; phi- lanthropist &c. 910; Aristides. brick, trump, rough diamond, ugly duckling. salt of the earth ; one in ten thousand. ?lir. si sic omnes / 949. Bad ZHan. — Si. bad man, wrong-doer, worker of iniquity ; evil- doer &c. 913 ; sinner; the -wicked &c. 945 ; bad example. rascal, scoimdrel, yUlain, miscreant, caitiff; wretch, reptile, viper, serpent, cockatrice, basilisk, urchin ; tiger, mon- ster ; devil &c- {demon) 980 ; devil in- carnate ; demon in human shape, Nana Sahib; hell-hound, -cat ; rake-hell. bad woman, jade, Jezebel, scamp, scapegrace, rip, runagate, ne'er- do-well, reprobate, roue, rake ; one who has sold himself to the devil, fallen angel, dme damnee, vaurien, mauvais sujet, loose fish, sad dog ; lost -, black- sheep; castaway, recreant, defaulter; prodigal, &c. 818. rough, rowdy, ugly customer, ruffian, bully; Jonathan Wild ; hang- man ; incendiary; thief &c. 792 ; murderer &c. 361. culprit, delinquent, criminal, malefactor, misdemeanant ; felon ; con- vict, jail-bird, ticket-of-leave man ; outlaw. blackguard, polisson, loafer, sneak ; raps-, ras-callion : cullion, mean wretch, varlet, kern, dme-de-houe, drole ; cur, dog, hound, whelp, mon- grel ; lown, loon, runnion, outcast, vagabond ; rogue &c. {knave) 941 ; scum of the earth, rifl-raff ; Arcades amho. Int. sirrah! 950. Penitence»— w. penitence, contrition, compunction, repentance, re- morse ; regret &c. 833. self-reproach, -reproof, -accusation, -condemnation, -humiliation ; stings -, pangs -, qualms -, prickings -, twinge -, twitch -, touch -, voice- of conscience ; compunctious visitings of nature. acknowledgment, confession, &c. {dis- closure) 529 ; apology &c. 952 ; recanta- tion &c. 607 ; penance &c. 952 ; resipi- scence. awakened conscience, deathbed re- pentance, locus posnitentics, stool of re- pentance, cutty stool. penitent, Magdalen, prodigal son, a sadder and a wiser man. V. repent, be sorry for ; be -penitent &c. adj. ; rue ; regret &c. 833 ; think better of; recant &c. 607; knock under &c.^ {submit) 725 ; plead guilty ; sing -miserere, - de 2:>rofundis ; cry peccavi ; own oneself in the wrong ; acknowledge, confessj &c. {disclose) 529 ;; humble one- 951. Impenitence.— wr. impeni- tence, irrepentance, recusance. hardness of heart, seared conscience, induration, obdm-acy. V. be -impenitent &c. adj. ; steel -, harden- the heart ; die -game, - and make no sign. Adj. impenitent, uncontrite, obdu- rate; hard, -ened; seared, recusant; unrepentant ; relent-, remorse-, grace-, shrift-less. lost, incorrigible, irreclaimable. unre-claimed, -formed ; unrepented, unatoned. 327 950— 954a. AFFECTIONS. VI. IV. 3*= self; "beg pardon &c. {apologize) 952 ; turn over a new leaf, put on the new man, turn from sin ; reclaim ; repent in sackcloth and ashes &c. {do penance) 952 ; learn by experience. Adj. penitent; repenting &c. v. ; repentant, contrite; conscience- smitten, -stricken ; sell-aceusing, -convicted. penitenti-al, -ary ; reclaimed ; not hardened ; unhardened. Adv. rned culpa. IBlxT. 2)eccavi; erubuit;salva res est; TuV as voulu, Georges Dandin. 952. Atonement. — w. atonement, reparation; compromise, com- position ; compensation &c. 30; quittance, quits; expiation, redemp- tion, reclamation, conciliation, propitiation. amends, apology, amende honorable, satisfaction ; peace -, sin -, burnt- offering ; scapegoat, sacrifice. penance, fasting, maceration, sackcloth and ashes, white sheet, shrift, flagellation, lustration ; purga-tion, -tory. V. atone, - for ; expiate ; propitiate ; make -amends, - good ; reclaim, redeem, repair, ransom, absolve, purge, shrive, do penance, stand in a white sheet, repent in sackcloth and ashes. set one's house in order, wipe off old scores, make matters up ; pay the -forfeit, - penalty. apologize, beg pardon,/aiVe Vamende honorable, give satisfaction ; come -, fall- down on one's -knees, - marrow bones. Adj. propitiatory, expiatory ; sacrific, -ial, -atory ; piacul-ar, -ous. 4°. Moral Practice. 953. Temperance. — w. temper- ance, moderation, sobriety. forbearance, abnegation ; self-denial, -restraint, -control &c. {resolution) 604. frugality; vegetarianism, teetotalism, total abstinence ; abst-inence, -emious- ness ; system of -Pythagoras, - Cor- naro ; Pythagorism, Stoicism. vegetarian ; Pythagorean, gymnoso- phist ; teetotaler &c. 958 ; abstainer. v. be -temperate &c. adj.\, abstain, forbear, refrain, deny oneself, spare ; know when one has had enough ; take the pledge. Adj. temperate, moderate, sober, fru- gal, sparing; abst-emious, -inent; within compass ; measured &c. {sufficient) 639. Pythagorean ; vegetarian ; teetotal. 951. Intemperance. — ir. in^ temperance ; sensuality, animalism, car- nality ; pleasure ; effeminacy, silkiness ; luxur-y, -iousness ; lap of -pleasure, - luxury. indulgence; high living, inabstinence, self-indulgence; voluptuousness &c. adj.-, epicur-ism, -eanism; sybaritism. dissipation ; licentiousness &c. adj. \ debauchery ; crapulence. revel-s, -ry; debauch, carousal, jolli- fication, drinking bout, wassail, Satur- nalia, orgies ; excess, too much. Oirceau cup. V. be -intemperate &c. adj. ; indulge, exceed; live -well, - high, - on the fat of the land : give a loose to -indulgence &c. n. ; wallow in -voluptuousness &c. n. ; plunge into dissipation. revel, rake, live bard, run riot, sow one's wild oats; slake one's -appetite, - thirst ; swill ; pamper. Adj. intemperate, inabstinent ; sensual, self-indulgent ; voluptuous, luxurious, licentious, wild, dissolute, rakish, fast, debauched, brutish, crapulous, swinish, piggish. Paphian, Epicurean, Sybaritical; bred -, nursed- in the lap of luxury; indulged, pampered, full-fed. 951a. Sensualist. 328 r. Sybarite, voluptuary, Sardanapalus, man VI. lY. 4°. MORAL PRACTICE. 954a— 959. of pleasure, carpet knight ; epicure, -an ; gourm-et, -and ; pig, hog ; votary -, swine- of Epicurus ; sensualist ; Heliogabalus ; free -, hard- liver; libertine &c. 962; hedonist. 955. Asceticism. — nr. asceticism, puritanism, Sabbatarianism; cynicism, austerity ; total abstinence. mortification, maceration, sackcloth and ashes, flagellation ; penance &c. 952; fasting ifcc. 956 ; martyrdom. ascetic ; anchor-et, -ite ; martyr : Heautontimorumenos ) hermit &c. {recluse) 893 ; puritan, Sabbatarian, cynic. Adj. ascetic, austere, puritanical ; cynical; over-religious. 956. Fasting*. — M". fasting; xe- rophagy ; famishment, starvation. fast, jour maup'e ; fast -, banyan- day; Lent, quadragesima ; Rama-dan, -zan ; spare -, meagre- diet; lenten-diet, - entertainment ; soujje maigre, short commons, Barmecide feast. V. fast, starve, clem, famish, perish with hunger; dine with Duke llum- phrey ; make two bites of a cherry. Adj. lenten, quadragesimal ; unfed ; starved ko. v. : half-starved ; fasting &c. V. ; hungry &c. 865. 957. G-luttony. — w, gluttony; greed ; greediness &c. adj. ; voracity. epicurism ; good -, high- living ; edacity, gulosity, crapulence ; gutt-, guzz-ling. good cheer, blow out; feast &c.{food) 298 ; gastronomy, batterie de cuisine. epicure, bon-vivant, gourmand ; glut- ton, cormorant, hog, belly-god, Apicius, gastronome. V. gormandize, gorge; over-gorge^ -eat- oneself; engorge, eat one's fill, cram, stuff; gutt-le, guzz-le; bolt, de- vour, gobble up; gulp &c. {sicalloiv food) 298 ; raven, eat out of house and home, have the stomach of an ostrich ; play a good knife and fork &c. {cqypetite) 865. pamper. Adj. gluttonous, greedy; gormandizing &c. v.; edacious, omnivor- ous, crapulent, swinish pampered ; gorged. over-fed sobriety ; 958. Sobriety. — M" teetotalism. water-drinker; teetotal-er, -ist; ab- stainer, Good Templar, band of hope. V. take the pledge. Adj. sober, - as a judge. 959. Drunkenness.— ir. drunk- enness &c. adj. ; intemperance ; drink- ing &c. V. ; inebri-ety, -ation ; ebri-ety, -osity ; insobriety ; intoxication ; temu- lency, bibacity, wine - bibbing ; com-, potation ; deep potations, bacchanals, bacchanalia, libations. oino-, dipso-mania ; deliriu7n tremens } alcohol, -ism. drink; alcoholic drinks; gin, blue ruin, grog, port wine; punch, -bowl ; cup, rosy wine, flowing bowl ; drop, - too much ; dram ; beer &c. {beverage) 298. drunkard, sot, toper, tippler, bibber, wine-bibber ; hard -, gin -, dram- drinker ; soaker, sponge, tun ; love-, toss-pot ; thirsty soul, reveller, carouser ; Bacchanal, -ian ; Bacch-al, -ante ; devotee to Bac- chus. V. get -, be- drunk &c. adj. ; see double ; take a -drop, - glass- too much ; drink, tipple, tope, booze, bouse, guzzle, swill, soak, sot, lush, bib, swig, carouse ; sacrifice at the shrine of Bacchus ; take to drinking ; drink -hard, - deep, - like a fish ; have one's swill, drain the cup, splice the main brace, take a hair of the dog that bit you. liquor, - up ; wet one's whistle, take a whet ; crack a -, pass the- bottle ; toss oft' &c. {drink up) 298 ; go to the -ale, - public-house. 329 959—962. AFFECTIONS. V i. IV. 4*= make one -drunk &c. adj. ; inebriate, fuddle, fiizzle, get into one's head. Adj. drunk, tipsy; intoxicated; inebri-ous, -ate, -ated; in one's cups ; in a state of -intoxication &c. n. ; temulent, -ive ; fuddled, mellow, cut, boosy, fou, fresh, merry, elevated ; flush, -ed ; flustered, disguised, groggy, beery ; topheavy ; potvaliant, glorious ; potulent ; over-come, -taken ; whittled, screwed, tight, primed, corned, raddled, sewed up, lushy, nappy, muddled, muzzy, obfuscated, maudlin ; crapu- lous, dead drunk.* inte7' pocula; in -, the worse for- liquor, having had a drop too much, half seas over, three sheets in the wind ; under the table. drunk as -a piper, - a tiddler, - a lord, - Ohloe, - an owl, - David's sow, - a wheelbarrow. drunken, bibacious, sottish ; given -, addicted- to -drink, - the bottle ; toping &c. v. Phr. nunc est bibendum. 960. Purity. — W. purity; de- cency, decorum, delicacy; continence, chastity, honesty, virtue, modesty, shame ; pudicity, pueelage, virginity. vestal, virgin, Joseph, Hippolytus ; Lucretia, Diana ; prude. Adj. pm*e, undefiled, modest, delicate, decent, decorous ; chaste, continent, vir- tuous, honest, Platonic. 961. Impurity. — nr. impurity; uncleanness &c. {Jilth) 653; immodesty; grossness &c. adj. ; indelicacy, inde- cency; impudicity; obscenity, ribaldry, smut, bawdry, double entendre, equivoque. concupiscence, lust, carnality, flesh, salacity ; pruriency, lechery, lasciviency, lubricity. incontinence, intrigue, faux pas ; a- mour, -ette ; gallantry ; debauchery, lib- ertinism, libertinage, fornication ; liaison ; wenching, venery, dissipation, seduction ^ defloration, defilement, abuse, violation, rape ; incest, social evil, harlotry, stupration, whoredom, concubinage, cuckoldom, adultery, advoutry, ci'im. con. seraglio, harem ; brothel, bagnio, stew, bawdy-house, lupanar, house of ill fame, bo?'del. V. be -impure &c. adj. ; intrigue ; debauch, defile, seduce ; prosti- tute ; abuse, violate, deflower ; commit -adultery &c. n. Adj. impure ; unclean &c. (dirty) 653 ; not to be mentioned to ears polite ; immodest, shameless ; in-decorous, -delicate, -decent ; loose, coarse, gross, broad, free, equivocal, smutty, fulsome, ribald, obscene, bawdy, pornographic. concupiscent, prurient, lickerish, rampant, lustful ; carnal, -minded ; lewd, lascivious, lecherous, libidinous, erotic, ruttish, salacious ; Pa- phian; voluptuous. unchaste, light, wanton, licentious, debauched, dissolute ; of -loose character, - easy virtue ; frail, gay, riggish, incontinent, meretricious, rakish, gallant, dissipated ; no better than she should be ; on the -town, - streets, - j)ave, - loose. adulterous, incestuous, bestial. 962. Ziibertine. — N. libertine; voluptuary &c. 954a; rake, de- bauchee, loose fish, rip, rake-hell, fast man ; intrigant, gallant, seducer, fornicator, lecher, satyr, goat, whoremonger, paillard, adulterer, gay deceiver, Lothario, Don Juan, Blue-beard; chartered libertine. * No less than thirty-two slang expressions coming under this category are given in * Household Words,' vol. viii. p. 75. 330 VI. IV. 5°. MORAL PRACTICE— INSTITUTIONS. 962—965. adultress, advoutress, courtesan, prostitute, strumpet, harlot, wliore, TpnnkjJiUe dejoie ; woman, - of the town; street-walker, Cyprian, miss, piece ; frail sisterhood ; demirep, wench, trollop, trull, baggage, hussy, drah, bitch, jade, sldt, rig, quean, mopsy, slut, minx, harridan ; unfortu- nate, - female, - woman ; woman -of easy virtue &c. (unchaste) 961 ; wanton, fornicatress ; Jezebel, Messalina, Delilah, Thais, Phryne, Aspasia, Lais, lorette, cocotte, petite dame, grisette ; demi-monde. concubine, mistress, doxy, chere amie, bona i-oha. pimp ; pand-er, -ar ; bawd, conciliatrix, procuress, mackerel ; wittol. 5°. Institutions. 963. lieg-ality.— w. legality; le- gitima-cy, -teness. legislature ; law, code, corpus juris, constitution, pandect, charter, enact- ment, statute, rule ; canon &c. {precept) 697 ; ordinance, institution, regulation by-, bye-law ; decree &c. (orde?-) 741 ; ordonnance ; standing order ; plebiscite &c. (choice) 609. legal process ; form, -ula, -ality ; rite arm of the law ; habeas corpus. [Science of law] Jurisprudence, No- mology ; legislation, codification. equity, common law ; lex -, lex non- scripta; law of nations, international \?iw, jus gentium', jus civile ; civil-, canon -, statute -, ecclesiastical- law ; lex mercatoi'ia. constitutional-ism, -ity ; justice &c. 922. V. legalize ; enact, ordain ; decree &c. (order) J^i ; pass a law ; legislate ; codify, formulate. Aaj. legal, legitimate ; according to law; vested, constitutional, chartered, legalized ; lawful &c. (permitted) 760 ; statut-able, -ory ; legislat-orial, -ive. Adv. legally &c. adj. ; in the eye of the law; dejure. 96'ft. [Absence or violation of law.] Zlleg'ality. — M". lawlessness ; breach -, violation- of law; disobedience &c. 742 ; unconformity &c. 83. arbitrariness &c. adj. ; antinomy, vio- lence, brute force, despotism, outlawry. mob -, lynch -, club -, Lydford -, martial -, drumhead- law ; coujy d'etat ; le droit du jilusfort ; argumentum bacu- linum, illegality, informality, unlawfulness, illegitimacy, bar sinister. trover and conversion; smuggling, poaching; simony. V. ollend against -, violate- the law ; set the law at defiance, ride rough-shod over, drive a coach and six through a statute ; make the law a dead letter, take the law into one's own hands. smuggle, run, poach. Adj. illegal; prohibited &c. 761 ; not allowed, unlawful, illegitimate, illicit, contraband, actionable. unchartered, unconstitutional ; un- warrant-ed, -able ; unauthorized ; in- formal, unofficial ; in-, extra-judicial. lawless, arbitrary; despotic, -al ; sum- mary, irresponsible ; un-answerable, -ac- countable. null and void ; a dead letter. Adv. illegally &c. adj. ; with a high hand, in violation of law. 965. Jurisdiction. [Executive.]— wr. jurisdiction, judicature, administration of justice, soc ; executive, commission of the peace; ma- gistracy &c. (authoi-ity) 737. judge (fee. 967 ; tribunal &c. 966 ; municipality, corporation, bailiwick, shrievalty ; lord lieutenant, sheriff, shrieve, constable ; police, - forca ; constabulary, bumbledom. officer, bailiff, tipstaff, bum-bailiff, catchpoll, beadle ; police-man, -con- stable, -sergeant ; sbirro, alguazil, gendarme, kavass, lictor^ macebearer, huissier, bedel. press-gang ; exciseman, ganger, custom-house officer, douanier. coroner, edile, aedile, portreeve, paritor ; posse comitatus. V. judge, sit in judgment. 965—969. AFFECTIONS. VI. iy. 5^ Adj. executive, administrative, municipal ; inquisitorial, causidical ; judic-atory, -iary, -ial ; juridical. Adv. coj'ayn judice. 966. Tribunal. — w. tribunal, court, board, bench, judicatory j court of -justice, - law, - arbitration ; inquisition ; guild. justice -, judgment -, mercy- seat; woolsack ; bar, - of justice ; dock; forum, hustings, bu7'eau, drum-head ; jury-, witness-box. senate-house, town-hall, theatre. assize, eyre ; ward-, burgh-mote ; superior courts of Westminster ; court of -record, - oyer and terminer, - assize, - appeal, - error ; High court of -Judicature, - Appeal; Judicial Committee of the Privy Council ; Star-Chambar ; Court of -Chancery, - King's or Queen's Bench, - Exchequer, - Common Pleas, - Probate, - Arches, -Admiralty; Lords Justices' -, EoUs -, Vice Chancellor's -, Stannary -, Divorce -, Palatine -, county -, police- court ; sessions ; quarter -, petty- sessions ; court -leet, - baron, - of pie poudre, - of common council ; board of green cloth. court-martial ; drum-head court-martial : durbar, divan ; Areopagus ; rota. Adj. judicial &c. 965 ; appellate. 967. Judg'e. — lar. judge; justi-ce, -ciar, -ciary ; chancellor; jus- tice -, judge- of assize ; recorder, common serjeant; puisne -, assistant -, county court- judge ; conservator -, justice- of the peace, J.P. ; court &c. (tribunal) 966; jury ; magistrate, police magistrate, beak ; his -worship, - honour, - lordship ; twelve men in a box. Lord -Chancellor, - Justice ; Master of the Rolls, A^ice-Chancellor ; Lord Chief -Justice, - Baron ; Mr. Justice ; Baron, - of the Exchequer. j urat, assessor ; arbi-ter, -trator ; umpire ; refer-ee, -endary ; revising barrister ; domesman ; censor &c. (critic) 480. archon, tribune, prgetor, syndic, podesta, moUah, ulema, mufti, cadi, kadi ; Rhadamanthus. litigant &c. (accusation) 938. V. adjudge (!cc. (determine) 48 O ; try a -case, - prisoner. Adj. judicial &c. 965. Plir. ^ a Daniel come to judgment.' ^ ^^^; ^Lawyer. — w. lawyer, jurist, legist, civilian, pundit, publi- cist, jurisconsult, legal adviser, advocate; barrister, - at law; counsel, -lor ; King's or Queen's counsel ; K.C. ; Q.C. ; silk gown, leader, ser- jeant-at-law, bencher; tubman; judge &c. 967. bar, legal profession, gentlemen of the long robe; junior -, outer -, inner- bar ; equity draftsman, conveyancer, pleader, special pleader. solicitor, attorney, proctor; notary, - public; scrivener, cursitor; writer, - to the signet; S.S.C. : limb of the law; pettifogger. V. practise -at, - within- the bar ; plead ; call -, be called- -to, - within- the bar ; take silk. Adj. learned in the law ; at the bar ; forensic. 969. Zaawsuit. — W. lawsuit, suit, action, cause; litigation; dis- pute &c. 713. citation, arraignment, prosecution, impeachment ; accusation &c. 938 ; presentment, true bill, indictment. apprehension, arrest; committal; imprisonment &c. (restraint) 751. writ, summons, subpoena, latitat, nisi prius. pleadings ; declaration, bill, claim ; procea-verbal^ biU of right, infor- 332 VI. IV. 5°. MORAL INSTITUTIONS. 969—972, mation, corpus delicti ; affidavit, state of facts ; answer, replication, plea, demurrer, rebutter, rejoinder ; surre-butter, -joinder. suitor, party to a suit ; litigant &c. 938. bearing, trial ; verdict &c. {judgment) 480 ; appeal, - motion ; writ of error ; certiorari. case, decision, precedent ; decided case, reports. V. go to -, appeal to the- law ; bring to -justice, - trial, - the bar ; put on trial, pull up; accuse &c. 938; prefer -, file- a claim &c. n.\ take the law of, inform against. serve with a writ, cite, apprehend, arraign, sue, prosecute, bring an action against, indict, impeach, attach, distrain, commit ; arrest ; sum- mon, -s; give in charge &c. {restrain) 751. empanel a jury, implead, join issue ; close the pleadings ; set down for hearing. try, hear a cause ; sit in judgment ; adjudicate &c. 480. Adj. litigious &c. {quaj'relsome) 713; qui tam ; coram -, suh- judice. Adv. 2^sndente lite. Phr. adkuc sub judice lis est. 970. Acquittal. — w. acquit-tal, -ment ; clearance, exculpation ; discharge &c. {release) 750; quietus, absolution, compurgation, reprieve, respite ; pardon &c. {forcfiveness) 918. [Exemption from punishment] im- punity. V. acquit, exculpate, exonerate, clear; absolve, whitewash, assoil, discharge, release ; liberate &c. 750. reprieve, respite ; pardon &c. {forgive) 918-, let off, - scot free. Adj. acquitted &c. v.-, un-condemned, -punished, -chastised. 971. Condemnation. — w. damnation ; death warrant, attain-der, -ture, -tment. V. condemn, convict, cast, bring home to, find guilty, damn, doom, sign the death warrant, sentence, pass sentence on, attaint, confiscate, proscribe, seques- trate; non-suit. disapprove &c. 932 ; accuse &c. 938. stand condemned. Adj. condem-, dam-natory; con- demned &c. V. ; non-suited &c. {failure) 732; self-convicted. Phr. mutato nomine de te fahula narratur. 972. Punisbment. — SJ. punishment, punition ; chast-isement, -ening ; coiTection, castigation. discipline, infliction, trial; judgment; penalty &c. 974 ; retribution; thunderbolt, Nemesis ; requital &c. (reivard) 973 ; penology ; retri- butive justice. lash, scaffold, &c. {instrument of punishment) 975 ; imprisonment &c. {restraint) 751 ; transportation, banishment, expulsion, exile, involun- tary exile, ostracism ; penal servitude, hard labour ; galleys &c. 975 ; beating kc. v. ; flagellation, fustigation, gantlet, strappado, estrapade, bastinado, argumentum hacidimim, stick law, rap on the knuckles, box on the ear ; blow &c. {impulse) 276 ; stiipe, cuft', kick, buffet, pummel ; slap, - in the face ; wipe, douse ; coup de grace ; torture, rack ; picket, -ing ; dragonnade ; capital punishment ; execution ; hanging &c. v. ; de-capitation, -coUation ; g arrot-te, -to ; crwai^iaon, impalement; martyr- dom, auto-dafe ; noyade ; hari-kari, happy despatch. 1 V. punish ; chast-ise, -en ; castigate, correct, inflict punishment, administer correction, deal retributive justice. visit upon, pay ; pay -, serve- out ; do for ; make short work of, give a lesson to, serve one right, make an example of; have a rod in pickle for ; give it one. strike &c. 276 ; deal a blow to, administer tha lash, smite ; slap, - 333 972—975. AFFECTIONS. VI. IV. 5°. the face ; smack, cufF, "box the ears, spank, thwack, thump, beat, lay on, swinge, buftet ; thresh, thrash, pummel, drub, leather, trounce, baste, belalDOur ; lace, - one's jacket ; dress, give a dressing, trim, warm, wipe, tund, cob, bang, strap, comb, lash, lick, larrup, whallop, whop, flog, scourge, whip, birch, cane, give the stick, switch, flagellate, horsewhip, bastinado, towel, rub down with an oaken towel, rib roast, dust one's jacket, fustigate, pitch into, lay about one, beat black and blue ; beat to a -mummy, - jelly ; give a black eye. tar and feather ; pelt, stone, lapidate ; mast-head, keelhaul. execute ; bring to the -block, - gallows ; behead ; de-capitate, -col- late ; guillotine ; hang, turn ofi^, gibbet, bowstring, hang draw and quarter ; shoot ; decimate ; burn ; break on the wheel, crucify ; em-, im-pale ; flay ; lynch. torture ; put -on, - to- the rack ; picket. banish, exile, transport, expel, ostracize ; rusticate ; drum out ; dis- miss, -bar, -bench ; strike oft' the roll, unfrock ; post. suffer, - for, - punishment ; be -flogged, -hanged, &c. ; come to the gallows, dance upon nothiog, die in one's shoes ; be rightly served. Adj. punishing &c. v. ; penal ; puni-tory, -tive ; inflictive, castiga- tory ; punished &c. v. Int. a la lanterne I 973. Reward. — U. reward, re- compense, remuneration, meed, guerdon, reguerdon ; indemni-ty, -fication ; quit- tance ; compensation ; reparation, re- dress ; retribution, reckoning, acknow- ledgment, requital, amends, sop ; atone- ment; consideration, return, quid pro quo ; salvage, perquisite ; vail »&:c. {do- nation) 784 : douceur, bribe ; hush-, smart - money ; blaclnnail ; carcelage ; solatium. allowance, salary, stipend, wages ; pay, -ment ; emolument ; tribute ; batta, shot, scot ; premium, fee, honorarium ; hire. crown &c. {decoration of honour) S77. V. re-ward, -compense, -pay, -quite ; re-, munerate ; compensate ; fee ; pay one's footing &c. {pai/) 807; make amends, indemnify, atone ; satisfy, ac- knowledge. get for one's pains, reap the frmts of. ja.clj. remunerat-ive, -ory ; munerary, compensatory, retributive, reparatory. 974. Penalty.— w. penalty; re- tribution Sec. {punishment) 972 ; pain, pains and penalties ; peine forte etdure ; penance &c. {atonement) 952 ; the devil to pay. flne, mulct, amercement ; forfeit, -ure ; escheat, damages, deodand, sequestra- tion, confiscation, jvemunire. V. flue, mulct, amerce, sconce, con- fiscate ; sequest-rate, -er ; escheat ; es- treat, forfeit. 975. [Instrument of punishment.] Scourg'e. — M". scourge, rod, cane, stick ; ra-, rat-tan ; birch, - rod ; rod in pickle; switch, ferule, cudgel, truncheon. whip, lash, strap, thong, cowhide, knout ; cat, - o'-nine-tails ; rope's end. pillory, stocks, whipping-post ; cuck-, duck-ing stool ; brank ; triangle, wooden horse, maiden, thumbscrew, boot, rack, wheel, iron heel ; treadmill, crank, galleys. scaffold ; bloclf, axe, guillotine ; stake ; cross ; gallows, gibbet, tree, drop, noose, rope, halter, bowstring. house of correction &c. (jwison) 752. gaol-, jail-er; executioner; hang-, heads-man ; Jack Ketch. 334 Yl. Y. 1^. RELIGION. . 976—978- Section Y. RELIGIOUS AFFECTIONS. 1°. SuPEKHraiAif Beings and Regions. 976. Deity. — ar. Deity, Divinity ; God-head, -sHp j Omnipotence, .-Providence. [Quality of being divine] divin-eness, -ity. God, Lord, Jehovah; The -Almighty, - Supreme Being, - First Cause ; Ens EnUum ; Author -, Creator- of all things ; Author of our heiug ; The -Infinite, - Eternal ; The All-powerful, -wise, -merciful, -holy. [Attributes and perfections] infinite -power, - wisdom, - goodness, - justice, - truth, - mercy ; omni-potence, -science, -presence ; miity, im- mutability, holiness, glory, majesty, sovereignty, infinity, eternity. The -Trinity, - Holy Trinity, -'Trinity in Unity, - Triune God. God the Father ; The -Maker, - Creator, - Preserver. [Functions] creation, preservation, divine government; The-ocracy, -archy ; providence ; ways -, dealings -, dispensations -, visitations- of Providence. God the Son, Jesus, Christ ; The -Messiah, - Anointed, - Saviour, - Redeemer, - Mediator, - Intercessor, - Advocate, - Judge ; The Son of -God, - Man, - David ; The Lamb of God, The Word ; Em-, Im-manuel; The -King of Kings and Lord of Lords, - King of Glory, - Prince of Peace, - Good Shepherd, - Way, - Truth, - Life, - Bread of Life, - Light of the World ; The -Lord our, - Sun of- Righteousness. 'the -Incarnation, - Hypostatic Union. [Functions] salvation, redemption, atonement, propitiation, mediation, intercession, judgment. God the Holy Ghost, The Holy Spirit, Paraclete ; The -Comforter, - Spirit of Truth, - Dove. [Functions] inspiration, unction, regeneration, sanctification, conso- lation. eon, aeon, special providence, Beus ex machind ; Avatar. V. create, uphold, preserve, govern, &c. atone, redeem, save, propitiate, mediate, &c. predestinate, elect, call, ordain, bless, justify, sanctify, fflorify, &c. _ Adj. almighty, holy, hallowed, sacred, divine, heavenly, celestial j sacrosanct. super-human, -natural; ghostly, spiritual, hyperphysical, unearthly; the-istic, -ocratic ; anointed. Adv. jure divino, by divine right. 977. [Beneficent spirits] Ang^el. — I 978. [Maleficent spirits.] Satan. W. angel, archangel ; heavenly host, } — N". Satan, the Devil, Lucifer, Ahri- host of heaven, sons of God ; seraph, j manes, Belial ; Sammael, Zamiel, Beel- -im ; cherub, -im ; ministering spirit, morning star ; saint. Madonna Adj. angelic, seraphic. zebub, the Prince of the Devils.* the tempter ; the evil -one, - spirit ; the -author of evil, - wicked one, - old Serpent ; the Prince of -darkness, - this world, - the power of the air ; the -foul, - arch- fiend ; the devil incarnate ; the -common enemy, - angel of the bottomless pit ; Abaddon, Apollyon. fallen angels, unclean spirits, devils ; the -rulers, - powers- of dark- ness ; inhabitants of Pandemonium ; demon &c. 980. * The slang expressions ' the -deuce, - dickens, - old Gentleman ; old -Nick, - Scratch, - Homy, - Harry, - Gooseberry,' have not been inserted in the text. 335 .978-983. AFFECTIONS. >VI. V. i'^ diabolism ; devil-ism, -ship ; satanism, manicheism ; tlie cloven foot. Adj. Satanic, diabolic, devilish ; infernal, hell-born. Mythological and other fabulous Deities and Poivers. 979. Jupiter, — w. god, -dess ; heathen gods and goddesses ; Jupiter, Jove, &c. &c. ; Pantheon. Allah, Brahma, Vishnu, Siva, Shiva, Krishna, Juggernauth, Buddha ; Isis, Osiris ; Belus, Bel, Baal, Asteroth, &c. ; Thor, Odin ; Mumbo Jumbo ; good -, tutelary- genius ; demiurge, familiar ; Sibyl ; fairy, fay ; sylph, -id ; Ariel, peri, nymph, nereid, dryad, sea-maid, Banshee, Benshie, Ormuzd ; Oberon, Mab, hamadryad, naiad, mermaid, kelpie, Ondine, nixie, sprite ; denizens of the air ; pixy &c. (bad spirit) 980. mythology ; heathen -, fairy- myth- ology ; Lempriere, folklore. Adj. fairy-, sylph-like ; sylphic. 980. Demon.— XT. demon, -ry, -ology ; evil genius, fiend, iamiliar, devil ; bad -, unclean- spirit ; cacode- mon, incubus, Frankenstein's monster, succubus and succuba, Titan, Shedim, Mephistopheles, Asmodeus, Moloch, Be- lial, Ahriman, fury, harpy ; Friar Rush. vampire, ghoul ; af-, ef-freet ; afrite ; ogre, -ss ; gnome, gin, jinn, imp, deev, lamia ; bo-gie, -gle ; nis, kobold, flibber- tigibbet, fairy, brownie, pixy, elf, dwarf, urchin. Puck, Robin Goodfellow ; lepre-, cluri-chaune ; troll, dwerger, sprite, oufe, bad fairy, nixe, pigwidgeon. Will-o'-the- wisp. [Supernatural appearance] ghost, spectre, apparition, spirit, shade, sha- dow, vision ; hob-, goblin; wraith, spook, boo-gart, banshee, loup-garou, lemures evil eye. nisse, necks ; mer-man, -maid, -folk; siren; satyr, faun. Adj. supernatural, weird, uncanny, unearthly, spectral; ghost-ly, -like; ell'-in, -like ; fiend-ish, -like ; impish, demoniacal; haunted. 981. Keaven. — W. heaven; king- dom of -heaven, - God ; heavenly king- dom ; throne -, presence- of God ; in- heritance of the saints in light. Paradise, Eden, abode of the blessed; celestial bliss, glory. [Mythological -heaven] Olympus ; [-paradise] Elysium, Elysian fields, Ar- cadia, bowers of bliss, garden of the Hesperides, third heaven ; Val-, Wal- halla (Scandinavian) ; Nirwana (Budd- hist). future state, eternal home, resuiTec- tion, translation ; resuscitation &c. 660 ; apotheosis, deification. Adj. heavenly, celestial, supernal, un- earthly, from on high, paradisiacal, be- atific, elysian. 2°. Religious Doctkines. 983. [Religious Knowledge.] Theolog-y.— w. Theology (natural and revealed) ; Theo-gony, -sophy ; Divinity ; Hagio-logy, -graphy ; Cau- casian mystery ; monotheism ; religion ; religious -persuasion, - sect, - denomination ; creed &c. {belief) 484 ; articles -, declaration -, profession -, confession- of faith. theolog-ue, -ian ; divine, schoolman, canonist. Adj. theological, religious ; denominational ; sectarian &c. 984. 33^ 982. Hell. — W. hell, bottomless pit, place of torment ; habitation of I'allen angels ; Pandemonium, Abaddon, Bomdaniel. hell fire; everlasting -fire, - torment; lake of fire and brimstone ; fire that is never quenched, worm that never dies. purgatory, limbo, gehenna, abyss. [Mythological hell] Tartarus, Hades, Avernus, Styx, Stygian creek, pit of Acheron, Oocytus ; infernal regions, in- ferno, shades below, realms of Pluto. Pluto, Rhadamanthus, Erebus ; To- phet. Adj. hellish, infernal, stygian. VI. T. 2°. RELIGIOX. 983a— 984. 983a. Orthodoxy.— JT. ortho- doxy; strictness, soundness, religious truth, true faith ; truth &c. 494. Christian-ity,-i3m ; Oatholic-ism, -itj ; 'the faith once delivered to the saints'; hyperorthodoxy &c. 984 ; iconoclasm. the Church ; Catholic -, Universal -, Apostolic -, Established- Church ; temple of the Holy Ghost ; Church -, bodv -, members-, disciples -, followers- of Christ; Christian, -community; true believer ; canonist &c. {theologiari) 983 ; Christendom, collective body of Chris- tians. canons &c. (belief) 484; thirty-nine articles; Apostles' -, Nicene -, Atha- nasian- Creed; Church Catechism; tex- tuary. Adj. orthodox, sound, strict, faith- ful, catholic, schismless, Christian, evan- gelical, scriptural, divine, monotheistic ; true «&:c. 494. 984. Heterodoxy. [Sectarian- ism.] — W. heterodoxy ; error &c. 495 ; false doctrine, heresy, schism ; schis- matic-ism, -alness ; recusancy, back- sliding, apostasy ; atheism &c. iirreli- gion) 989. bigotry &c. (obstinacy) 606; fanati- cism, iconoclasm ; hyperorthodoxy, pre- cisianism, bibliolatry, Sabbatarianism, Puritanism; idolatry &c. 991; super- stition &c. ici'edulity) 486 ; dissent &c. 489- sectar-ism, -ianism ; nonconformity ; secularism ; syncretism, religious sects. protestant-, Arian-, Erastian-, Cal- vin-, quaher-, method-, anabapt-, Pusey-, tractariau-, ritual-, Origen-, Sabellif 337 Socinian-, De-, The-, material-, positiv-, latitudinarian-ism, &c. High -, Low -, Broad -, Free- Church ; ultramontanism ; pap-ism, -is- try ; papacy ; Anglican-, Catholic-, Ro- man-ism ; popery. Scarlet Lady, Church of Rome, Greek Church. pagan-, heathen-, ethic-ism ; mythology ; poly-, di-, tri-, pan-theism ; dualism; heathendom. Juda-, Gentil-, Mahometan-, Islam-, Turc-, Brahmin-, Hindoo-, Buddh-, Boodh-, Sabian-, Gnostic-, Soofee-, Hylothe-, Mormon-ism. heretic, antichrist ; pagan, heathen; pai-, pay-nim ; giaour; gen- tile ; pan-, poh'-theist ; idolator. bigot i&c. {obstinacy) 606 ; fanatic, abdal, iconoclast. latitudinarian, Deist, Theist, Unitarian ; positivist, materialist ; sceptic &;c. 989. schismatic ; sectar-y, -ian, -ist ; seceder, separatist, recusant, dis- senter; non-conformist, -juror; Huguenot, Protestant; orthodox dissenter, Congregationalist, Independent ; Episcopalian, Presby- terian ; Lutheran, Calvinist, Methodist, Wesleyan ; Ana-, Baptist ; Mormon, Latter-day Saint, Irvingite, Sandemanian, Glassite, Eras- tian ; Sub-, Supra-lapsarian ; Gentoo, -Antinomian, Swedenborgian, &c. Catholic, Roman Catiiolic, Romanist, ultramontane ; tractarian, Puseyite, ritualist ; Puritan. Jew, Hebrew, Rabbist; Mahometan, Mohammedan, Mussulman, Moslem, Osmanli ; Brahm-in, -an ; Parsee, Sofi, Soofee ; Bud-, Boo- dhist ; Magi, Gymnosophist, fire-worshipper^ Sabian, Gnostic, Saddu- cee, Rosicrucian, &c. Adj. heterodox, heretical ; un-orthodox, -scriptural, -canonical ; antiscriptural, apocryphal ; un-, anti-christian ; schismatic, recusant, iconoclastic ; sectarian ; dis-senting, -sident ; secular &c. {lay) 997. pagan ; heathen, -ish ; ethnic, -al ; gentile, painim ; pan-, poly- theistic. Judaical, Mohammedan, Brahminical, Boodhist, &e. n. ; Romish, Protestant &c. n. bigoted &c. {prejudiced) 481, {obstinate) 606; superstitious &c. (credulous) 486; fanatical; idolatrous &c. 991 ; visionary &c. {imagi- native) 515. z 985—988. AFFECTIONS. VI. Y. 2°. 985. Revelation. — xr. revela- tion, inspiration, affiatus. Word, - of God ; Scripture ; the -Scriptures, - Bible; Holy -Writ, - Scriptures ; inspired writings. Gospel. Old Testament, Septuagint, Vulgate, Pentateuch; Octateuch; the -Law, - Jewish Law, - Prophets ; major -, mi- nor- Prophets ; Hagio-grapha, -logy ; Ilierographa ; Apocrypha. New Testament ; Gospels, Evangelists, Acts, Epistles, Apocalypse, Revelations. T-, Th-almud ; Mishna, Masorah. prophet &c. (seer) 513; evangelist, apostle, disciple, saint; the - the Apostolical- fathers ; Holy Men of old, inspired penmen. Adj. scriptural, biblical, sacred, prophetic ; evangel-ical, -istic apostolic, -al ; inspired, theopneustic, apocalyptic, ecclesiastical, cau' onical, textuary. 3°. Religious Sentimei^ts. 986. Pseudo - Revelation. — MT. the -Koran, - Alcoran ; Ly-ldng, Shaster, Vedas, Zendavesta, Vedidad, Purana, Edda ; Go-, Gau-tama ; Book of Mormon. [False prophets and religious found- ers] Buddha, Zoroaster, Zerdhusht, Con- fucius, Mahomet. [Idols] golden calf &c. 991 ; Baal, Moloch, Dagon. 987. Piety. —w. piety, religion, theism, faith; religiousness, holiness, &c. adj.', saintship; religionism; sanc- timony &c. {assumed lyiety) 988 ; reve- rence &c. (respect) 928 ; humility, vene- ration, devotion; prostration &c. {2vor- ship) 990 ; grace, unction, edification ; sancti-ty, -tude ; consecration. spiritual existence, odour of sanctity, beauty of holiness. theopathy, beatification, adoption, re- generation, conversion, j ustification, sanc- tification, salvation, inspiration, bread of life ; Body and Blood of Christ. believer, convert, theist. Christian, devotee, pietist ; the -good, - righteous, - just, - believing, - elect ; Saint, Ma- donna. the children of -God, - the "kingdom, - light. V. be -pious &c. adj. ; have -faith &c. 71.; believe, receive Christ; revere &c. 928 ; be -converted &c. convert, edify, sanctify, keep holy, beatify, regenerate, inspire, consecrate, enshrine. Adj. pious, religious, devout, de- voted, reverent, godly, heavenly mind- ed, humble, pure, holy, spiritual, piet- istic; saint-ly, -like; seraphic, sacred, solemn. believing, faithful, Christian, Catholic. elected, adopted, justified, sanctified, regenerated, inspired, consecrated, con- verted, unearthly, not of the earth. 338 988. Impiety. — U. impiety ; sin &c. 945 ; irreverence ; profan-eness &c. adj.y -ity, -ation; blasphemy, desecra- tion, sacrilege ; scoffing &c. v. [Assumed piety] hypocrisy &c. {false-' hood) 544 ; pietism, cant, pious fraud ; lip-devotion, -service, -reverence; mis- devotion, formalism, austerity ; sancti- mon-y, -iousness, &c. adj. ; pharisaism, precisianism ; sabbat - ism, -arianism ; odium theologicum, sacerdotalism ; bigo- try &c. {obstinacy) 606, {prejudice) 481. hardening, backsliding, declension, perversion, reprobation. sinner &c. 949 ; scoffer, blasphemer ; sacrilegist ; worldling ; pur-itan, -ist ; pietist ; hypocrite &c. {dissembler) 548 ; Tartufe, Maw-worm. bigot ; saint [ironically] ; Pharisee, Sabbatarian, formalist, precisian, religi- onist, devotee, ranter, fanatic. the -wicked, - evil,- unjust, - repro- bate ; sons of -men, - Belial, - the wicked one ; children of darkness. V. be -impious &c. aclj. ; profane, desecrate, blaspheme, revile, scoff"; swear &c. {malediction) 908 ; commit sacrilege. snuffle ; turn up the whites of the eyes ; idolize. Adj. impious; irreligious &c. 989; desecrating &c. v.; profane, irreverent, sacrilegious, blasphemous. un-hallowed, -sanctified, -regenerate ; hardened, perverted, reprobate. VI. V. 4^*. RELIGION. 988—990. 113-pocritical &c. (false) 544 ; canting, pietistical, sanctimonious, mic- tuous, Pharisaical, over-righteous, righteous over much. "bigoted, fanatical ; priest-ridden. Adv. under the -mask, - cloak, - pretence, - form, - guise- of religion. 989. Zrrelig'ion. — w. irreligion, indevotion ; ungodliness &c. adj. ; laxity, quietism. scepticism, doubt; un-, dis-helief; incredul-ity, -ousness Sec. adj. '^ want of -faith, - belief ; pyrrhonism ; doubt &c. 485 ; agnosticism. atheism, deism ; hylotheism ; materialism ; positivism ; nihilism. infidelity, freethinking, antichristianity, rationalism. atheist, sceptic, unbeliever, deist, infidel, pyrrhonist ; f/iaoiu; hea- then, alien, gentile, Nazarene ; esprit fort, freethinker, latitudinarian, rationalist ; materialist, positivist, nihilist, agnostic. V. be -irreligious &c. adj. ; disbelieve, lack faith ; doubt, question, &c. 485. dechristianize. Adj. irreligious; in-, un-devout; devout-, god-, grace-less; un- godly, -holy, -sanctified, -hallowed ; atheistic, without God. sceptical, free-thinking ; im-believing, -converted, incredulous, faithless, lacking faith ; deistical ; un-, anti-christian. worldly, mundane, earthly, carnal ; worldly &c.- minded. Adv. irreligiously &c. adj. 4°. Acts of Religion. 990. Worship. — M". worship, adoration, devotion, aspiration, la- tria, homage, service, humiliation ; Imeeling, genuflexion, prostration. prayer, invocation, supplication, rogation, intercession, orison, holy breathing ; petition &c. (request) 765 ; collect, litany, Lord's prayer, paternoster ; bead-roll ; latria, dulia, hyperdulia, vigils'; revival ; cult. thanksgiving ; giving -, returning- thanks ; gi*ace, praise, glorifica- tion, benediction, doxology, hosanna ; h-, allelujah ; Te Deum, non nobis Domine, 7iunc dimittis ; paean. psalm, -ody; hymn, plainsong, chant, chaunt, response, anthem, motet ; antiphon, -y. oblation, sacrifice, incense, libation ; burnt-, votive- ofiering ; ofiertory. discipline ; self-discipline, -examination, -denial ; fasting. divine service, office, duty; morning prayer; mass, matins, evensong, vespers ; holy day &c. (rites) 998. worshipper, congregation, communicant, celebrant. V. worship, lift up the heart, aspire ; revere &c. 928 : adore, do ser- vice, pay bomage ; humble oneself, kneel ; bow -, bend- the knee; fall -down, - on one's knees ; prostrate oneself, bow down and worship. pray, invoke, supplicate ; put -, offer- up -prayers, - petitions ; be- seech &c. (ash) 765 ; say one's prayers, tell one's beads. return -, give- thanks ; say grace, bless, praise, laud, glorify, magnify, sing praises ; give benediction, lead the choir, intone. propitiate, offer sacrifice, fast, deny oneself; vow, offer vows, give alms. attend work out one's salvation communicate &c. (rite) 998. Adj. worshipping &c. v.; fervid &c. (heartfelt) 821. 339 go to church; -service, - mass ; devout, devotional, reverent, pure, solemn; Z2 990-995. AFFECTIONS. VI. v. 4^. Int. h-, allelujah ! liosanna ! glory be to God ! Lord ! pray God that ! God -grant, - bless, - save, - forbid ! sursum cnrda. 991. Idolatry. — m. idol-atry, -ism ; demon-ism, -olatry ; idol -, demon -, devil -, lire- worship; zoolatry, fetichism ; Mari-, Bibli- olatry. deification, apotheosis, canonization ; hero worship. sacrifices, hecatomb, holocaust ; human sacrifices, immolation, mac- tation, infanticide, self-immolation, suttee. idol, golden calf, graven image, fetich, avatar, Juggernauth, lares et penates ; Baal &c. 986. V. worship -idols, - pictures, - relics ; deify, canonize. Adj. idolatrous. 992. Sorcery. — NT. sorcery; occult -art, - sciences; magic, the black art, necromancy, theurgy, thaumaturgy ; demon-ology, -omy, -ship; diahlei'ie, bedevilment ; witch-craft, -ery ; glamour ; fetic-hism, -ism ; Shamanism [Esquimaux], vampirism; conjuration; bewitchery, exor- cism, enchantment, mysticism, second sight, mesmerism, animal mag- netism; od -, odylic- force; electro-biology, clairvoyance \ spiritualism, spirit-rapping, table-turning. divination &c. (prediction) 511; sortilege, ordeal, soj'tes Virf/iliancs ; hocus-pocus &c. {deception) 545. V. practice -sorcery &c. n. ; cast a nativity, conjure, exorcise, charm, enchant; be-witch, -devil; entrance, mesmerize, magnetize; fascinate &c. {influence) 615; taboo ; wave a wand ; rub the -ring, - lamp ; cast a spell ; call up spirits, - from the vasty deep ; raise spirits from the dead. Adj. m»gic, -al ; mystic, weird, cabalistic, talismanic, phylacteric, incantatory; charmed &c. v. 993. Spell. — wr. spell, charm, incantation, exorcism, weird, cabala^ exsufliation, cantrap, runes, abracadabra, open sesame, counter-charm, Ephesian letters, bell book and candle, Mumbo-jumbo, evil-eye, fee-faw- fum. talisman, amulet, periapt, telesm, phylactery, philtre ; fetich, fetish ; agnus Dei. wand, caduceus, rod, divining rod, lamp of Aladdin ; wishing -, For- tunatus's- cap. 994. Sorcerer. — kt. sorcerer, magician; thaumat-, the-urgist; conjuror, necromancer, seer, wizard, witch; fairy &c. 980; lamia, hag, warlock, charmer, exorcist, mage ; cunning -, medicine- man : Shaman, figure-flinger, ecstatica, medium, clairvoyant, mesmerist ; deus ex 7na-' china ; soothsayer &c, 513. Katerfelto, Oagliostro, Mesraer, Rosicrucian ; Circe, siren, weird sisters* 5°. Religious Institutions. 995. Churchdom. — isr. church, -dom ; ministry, apostleship, priesthood, prelacy, hierarchy, church government, Christendom, pale of the church. clerical-, sacerdotal-, episcopalian-, ultramon tan-ism ; Theocracy ; eccle- siolog-y, -ist ; priestcraft, odium theologicum. monach-ism, -y ; monasticism, monkhood. [Ecclesiastical offices and dignities] pontificate, primacy, archbishopric, 340 VI. V. 5^ RELIGION. 995—998. archiepiscopacy ; prelacy; bishop-ric, -dom; episcop-ate, -acy; see, diocese ; deanery, stall ; canon-ry, -icate ; prebend, -aryship ; benefice, incumbency, glebe, advowson, living, cure ; rectorship ; vicar-iate, -ship ; deacon-ry, -ship ; curacy ; chaplain, -cy, -ship ; cai*dinal-ate, -ship ; abbacy, presbytery. holy orders, ordination, institution, consecration, induction, reading in, preferment, translation, presentation. popedom ; the -Vatican, - apostolic see ; religious sects &c. 984. council &c. 696 ; conclave, convocation, synod, consistory, chapter, Testry ; sanhedrim, conge cVelire ; ecclesiastical courts, consistorial court, court of Arches. >y. call, ordain, induct, prefer, translate, consecrate, present. take -ordei-s, - the veil, - vows. Adj. ecclesi-astical, -ological ; clerical, sacerdotal, priestly, prelatical, pastoral, ministerial, capitular. Theocratic ; hierarchical, archiepiscopal ; episcopal, -ian ; canonical ; mon-astic, -achal ; monkish ; abbati-al, -cal ; pontifical, papal, apostolic ; ultramontane, priest-ridden. 997. Laity.— w. laity, flock, fold, congregation, assembly, brethren, people. temporality, secularization. layman, civilian ; parishioner, cate- chumen ; secularist. V. secularize. Adj. secular, lay, laical, civil, temporal, profane. 996. Clergry.—x. clergy, clericals, ministry, priesthood, presbytery, the cloth. clergyman, divine, ecclesiastic, church- man, priest, presbyter, hierophant, pas- tor, shepherd, minister; father, - in Christ ; padre, abbe, cure ; patriarch ; reverend ; black coat ; confessor. dignitaries of the church ; ecclesi-, hier-arch ; eminence, reverence, elder, primate, metropolitan, archbishop, bi- shop, prelate, diocesan, sufiragan, dean, subdean, archdeacon, pre- bendary, canon, rural dean, rector, parson, vicar, perpetual curate, residentiary, beneficiary, incumbent, chaplain, curate ; deacon, -ess ; preacher, reader, lecturer ; capitular ; missionary, propagandist, Jesuit, revivalist, field preacher. chiu-ch warden, sidesman ; clerk, precentor, choir ; almoner, sm'sse, verger, beadle, sexton, sacristan ; acol-yth, -othyst, -yte ; chorister. [Roman Catholic priesthood] Pope, Papa, pontifi", high priest, car- dinal ; ancient -, flamen ; confessor, penitentiary ; spiritual director. cenobite, conventual, abbot, prior, monk, friar, lay brother, beads- man, mendicant, pilgrim, palmer; canon-regular, -secular; Franciscan, Friars minor, Minorites; Observant, Capuchin, Dominican, Carmelite; Augustinian ; Gilbertine ; Austin-, Black-, White-, Grey-, Crossed-, Crutched-Friars ; Bonhomme, Carthusian, Benedictine, Cistercian, Trappist, Cluniac, Premonstratensian, Maturine ; Templar, Hospitaller. abb-, prior-, canon-ess ; religieuse, nun, novice, postulant. [Under the Jewish dispensation] prophet, priest, high priest, Levite ; Rabbi, -n ; scribe. [Mohammedan, &c.] mollah, ulema, imaiim, sheik; so-fi, -phi; mufti, hadji, muezzin, dervish ; fa-kir, -quir ; brahmin, gooroo, druid, bonze, santon, abdal. Lama, talapoin, caloyer. V. take orders &c. 995. Adj. the -, the very -, the Right- Reverend ; ordained, in orders, called to the ministry. 998. Xlite. — N", rite ; ceremon-y, -ial ; ordinance, observance, func- tion, duty ; form, -ulary ; solemnity, sacrament ; incantation &c. {spell) 993 ; service, psalmody, &c. (ivorship) 990. 998—1000. AFFECTIONS. VI. v. 5^ ministration ; preach-ing, -ment ; predication, sermon, homily, lecture, discourse, pastoral. baptism, christening, chrism ; baptismal regeneration ; font. confirmation ; imposition -, laying on- of hands ; ordination &c. {churchdom) 995 ; excommunication. Eucharist, Lord's supper, communion ; the -, the holy- sacrament ; celebration, high celebration ; missa cantata ; offertory ; introit ; conse- cration ; con-, tran-substantiation ; real presence ; elements ; mass ; high -, low -, dry- mass. matrimony &c. 903 ; burial &c. 363 ; visitation of the sick. seven sacraments, impanation, extreme unctioD, viaticum, invocation of saints, canonization, transfiguration, auricular confession ; maceration, flagellation, sackcloth and ashes ; penance &c. (atonement) 952 ; telling of beads, processional ; thurification, incense, holy water, aspersion. relics, rosary, beads, reliquary, host, cross, rood, crucifix, pax, pix, pyx, agnus Dei, censer, thurible, patera. ritual, rubric, canon, ordinal ; liturgy, prayer-book, book of common prayer, pietas, euchology, litany, lectionary; missal, breviary, mass-book, bead-roU. psalter ; psalm -, hymn- book ; hymn-al, -ology. ritual-, ceremonial-ism ; sabbat-ism, -arianism ; ritualist, Sabbatarian. holyday, feast, fast ; Sabbath, Passover, Pentecost ; Advent, Christ- mas, Epiphany, Lent ; Passion -, Holy- week ; Easter, Whitsuntide j Lam-, Martin-, Michael-mas ; Rama-dan, -zan ; J3airam, «fcc., &c. V. perform service, do duty, minister, officiate, baptize, dip, sprinkle ; confirm, lay hands on ; give -, administer -, take -, receive -, attend -, partake of- the -sacrament, - communion ; communicate ; administer -, receive- extreme unction ; anele. excommunicate, ban with bell book and candle. preach, sermonize, predicate, lecture. Adj. ritual, -istic ; ceremonial ; baptismal, eucharistical ; paschal. 999. Canonicals. — »r. canonicals, vestments ; robe, gown, Geneva gown, frock, pallium, surplice, cassock, dalmatic, scapulary, cope, scarf, tunicle, chasuble, alb, alba, stole ; fan-on, -nel ; tonsure, cowl, hood ; calo-te, -tte ; bands; capuuch, amice; apron, lawn sleeves, pontiHcals, pall ; mitre, tiara, triple crown ; shovel -, cardinal's- hat ; biretta ; crosier; pastoral staff ; thurifer; costume &c. 225. 1000. Temple. — w. place of worship; house of -God, - prayer, temple, cathedral, minster, church, kirk, chapel, meeting-house, tabernacle, conventicle, basilica, fane, holy place, chantry, oratory. synagogue; mosque; marabout; pantheon; pagoda; joss-house; da- gobah, tope ; kiosk. parsonage, rectory, vicarage, manse, deanery, glebe; Vatican ; bishop's palace ; Lambeth. altar, shrine, sanctuary. Holy of Holies, mnctum sanctomm, sacristy ; communion -, holy -, Lord's- table ; table of the Lord ; pyx ; baptistery, font ; piscina, stoup ; aumbry ; sedile ; reredos ; rood-loft, - screen. chancel, quire, choir, nave, aisle, transept, vestry, crypt, cloisters, churchyard, golgotha, calvary, Easter sepulchre; stall, pew; pulpit, ambo, lectern, reading-desk, confessional, prothesis, credence, baldachin, haldacchino ', jesse, apse, belfry; chapter-house; presbytery. monastery, priory, abbey, friary, convent, nunnery, cloister. Adj. claustral, cloistered ; monast-ic, -erial ; conventual. 3.42 INDEX N.B. The numbers refer to the headings under which the words or phrases occur. When the same word or phrase may be used in various senses, the several headings under which it, or its synonyms, will be found, according to those mean- ings, are indicated by the words printed in Italics. These words in Italics are not intended to explain the meaning of the word or phrase to which they are annexed, but only to assist in the required reference. When a number or word of reference is placed within parentheses, the actual word or phrase will not be found under the heading referred to, although it may sometimes be useful to consult the category thus indicated. When the word given in the Index is itself the title or heading of a category, the number of reference is printed in blacker type, thus : abode 189. For Additions to Index, see page 667. A AI648 a - fortiori 33 - se 10 a - fond 52 - outrance,- plomb 212 - propos relative 9 aj)t 23 occasion, 134 {expedient 646) - propos de bottes 10 A.B. 269 ab - extra 220 - initio 66 - intra 221 - ovo 66 - ovo usque ad mala 52 - uno disce omnes 16 abacist 85 aback 235 take - 508 abacus 85 Abaddon 978, 982 abaft 235 abalienate 783 abandon depart from. 293 - a purpose 624 - propeHy 782 - hope 859 - society 893 abandon lic'ely 682 aHless 703 abandoned neglected 460 forsaken 893 vicious 945 abase depress 308 degrade 879 abasement disrepute 874 servility 886. abash daunt 860 humiliate 879 abate lessen 36 - a pi-ice 813 abattis 717 abattoir 361 abba 166 abbacy 995 abbatial 995 abbatis 717 abbess 996 abbey 1000 abbot 996 abbreviation shortening 201 compendium 596 ABC beginning 66 teaching 537 letters 561 a^idiol fanatic 984 clergy 996 abdicate - a throne 738 resign 757 abditory 530 abducent 289 abduct tahe 789 steal 791 rej)el 289 abecedarian teacher 540 learner 541 abecedary school 542 letter 561 aberrant exceptional Z^^ deviating 279 divergent 291 erroneous 495 aberration \see aberrant] variation 20a mental - 503 abet 707 abettor 711 abeyance extinction 2 stisjjense 142 expectation 507 m - 172 abhor dislihe 867 hate 898 abhorrent jmitiful 830 abide remain 1 10 continue 141, 143 divell 186 quiet 265 expect 507 not - 867 - by assent 488 observe 772 - with he composed 826 abigail 746 abilities, to the best of one's -686 ability j!?owf?* 157 sMll 698 abiogenesis i6i abject vile 874, 940 sei'vile 886 - fear 862 abjure renounce 607 resign 757 ablation suhduction 38 tahing 789 ablaze heat 382 343 ABL light 420 able capable 157 sliilful 698 - seaman 269 able-bodied 159 ablegate displace 185 depute 759 ablepsy 442 ablude 15 ablution 652 abnegation denial 536 refusal 764 forbearance 953 self - 942 abnormal 83 - mind 503 abnormis sapiens 498 9.}iOSLr:di present 186 ship 273 go - 293 abode 189 jiresage 511 take up one's - settle 150 locate oneself 184 abodement 5 1 1 abois, aux - dying 360 danger 665 ditficulty 704 abolish destroy 162 abrogate 756 abominable bad 649 foul 653 hateful 898 abominate dislihe 867 Aflf^ 898 abord 894 aboriginal beginning 66 cause 153 aborigines 188 abortion immaturity 674 failure 732 abound 639 about relative to 9 nearly 32 72ea7* 197 a/round 227 be - Z»?m/ ?i:i^/i 625 active 682 beat - 629 come - 658 get - imblic 531 344 ABR recover 660 go - ^wr/i 311 going - news 532 not know what one is - 699 put - turn round 283 round - 311 send - one's busi- ness 756 set - 676 turn - invert 218 what it is - 454 what one is - 625 - it and about it 573 - to 121 - to be 152 above 206 - all superior 33 impoi'iant 642 - board manifest 525 artless 703 fair 939 - comprehension 519 - ground alive 359 - the mark 33 - par great 3 1 good 648 - praise 944 - price 814 - stairs 206 - suspicion 946 - water safe 664 above-mentioned preceding 62 repeated 104 2)i'ior 116 abracadabra 993 Abraham, sham - 544 abrasion paHng 38 filing 330, 331 , abreast 236 abreption 789 abri, tente d' - 233 abridge lessen 36 shorten 201 - in writing 572, 596 abridgment covipendiuni 596 abroad extraneous 57 distant 196 UJicertain 475 AB3 get -public 531 abrogation 756 abrupt suddeji 131 violent 173 steej) 217 unexpected 508 style 579 abruption 44 abscess 655 abscissa 466 abscission retrenchment 38 division 44 abscond 623 absence non-jnescnce 187 - of choice 609;* - cf influence I75« - of intellect 450a - of mind 458 - of motive 615^^ absentee 187 absolute not relative i great 31 complete 52 certain 474 affirmative 535 authoritative 737 severe 739 free 748 unalienable 924 make - confirm 467 adjudge 480 - interest propeHy 980 absolutism 739 absolve liberate 750 forgive 918 exempt <)2'ja shnve 952 acquit 970 absonant discordant 414 unreasonable ^'j'j absorb combine 48 f<;^/'tf in 296 consume 677 - the mind attention 457 inattention 458 - the soul 824 absorbing exigent 630 i/np7'essive 821 absquatulate 623 AU abstain refrain 623 disuse 678 tcnqJO'ance 953 - from action 681 - from voting 609a abstainer 953, 958 abstemious 953 absterge 652 abstersive 662 abstinence [^see abstain] total - 953, 955 abstract separate 44 abridge 596 tahe 789 steal 791 in the - ajmrt 44 aZy//e 87 - idea 453 - oneself inattention 458 - thouciht 451 attention 457 abstracted inattentive 458 abstruse 519 absurdity impossible 471 uonsenite 497 7'idiculous 853 abundant /7;y?«7^ 31 enough 639 abundanti cautela, ex - 664 abuse deceive 545 illtreat 649 ■misuse 679 malediction 908 t] treat 909 upbraid 932 violate g6i - of language 563 - of terms 523 abusive unconHenus 895 defamatory 934 abut ?^^j?/,:rA 199 r«?,s-2^ cj/i 215 abutment defence 7 1 7 aby remain 141 endure 821, 826 abysmal r/t'^?/* 208 abyss ,r 599 proficient 700 mountebank 844 across transverse 219 opposite 708 acrostic Zc;#er 561 wi^ 842 act imitate 19 physical 170 - of a play 599 personate 599 voluntary 680 statute 697 in the - ^<>i7/./7 680 /^wi^i; 947 - a part /<:^fy/i 544 - one's part business 625 i^^iify 926 - upon physical 170 mental 615 #fl^Z;6' 5#■« 37 numerically 85 addendum 39 adder 913 addict Aa/rrt 613 additament 39 addition adjunction 37 thing added 39 arithmetical 85 addle barren 169 incomplete 730 abortive 732 - the wits 503 addlehead 501 addleheaded 499 address residence 189 direction 550 67?eff7i! i^o 586 S'/aZZ 698 request 765 addresses couHskip 902 adduce J7'W?^ ^0 288 evidence 467 ademption 789 Adenology 329 adept 700 ADE tLieqvL&te poTver 157 sufficient 639 for a imrpose 644 adhere sUch 46 - to persevere 604a liaMt 613 - to an obligation 772 - to a duty 926 adherent fvlloiver 711 adhesive sticking 46 sticky 352 adhibit 677 adhortation 695 adieu depaHure 293 Zo«5 776 adipocire 356 adipose 355 adit orifice 260 conduit 350 passage 627 adjacent 197 adjection 37 adjective 39 adjoin near 197 contact 199 adjourn 133 adjudge 480 adjudicate 480 adjunct thing added 39 accompaniment 88 aid 707 cmxiliary 71 1 adjuration affirmation 535 negation 536 adjure request 765 promise 768 adjust ^r/a/v*?^ 23 equalize 27 prepare 673 s^fe 723 - differences 774 adjutage opening 260 7^i^e 350 adjutant auxiliary 711 military 745 adjuvant helj/ingjoj anxiliary 711 admeasurement 466 administer conduct 693 exercise atithority 737 ADO - correction 972 - oath 768 - sacrament 998 - to ar6? 707 <7ire 784 administration of justice 965 administrative official 737 judicial 965 admirable excellent 648 virtuous 944 admiral 745 Admiralty, court of - 966 admirari, nil - 871 admiration wonder 870 Zorc S97 respect 928 approval 931 admired disorder 59 admirer 897 admissible relevant 23 receivable 296 tolerable 651 - in society 852 admit composition 54 include 76 Z^^ -z/i 296 assent 488 acknowledge 529 permit 760 concede 762 accept 785 - exceptions 469 - of 470 admitted customary 613 - maxim, A:c. 496 admixture 41 admonish wa7Vi 668 advise 695 reprove 932 ado activity 682 exertion 686 difficulty 704 make much - a- bout impoi'tant 642 much - about no- thing overestimate 482 unimportant 643 iinskilful 699 adolescence 131 ADV Adonis 845 adonize 847 adopt naturalize 184 choose 609 - a cause aiW 861 r^sZi- S63 adversaria 551 347 ADV AFF AFL AGA adversary 710 Aerodynamics affiche 531 keep oneself - 734 adverse opposed 708 ga^ 334 affidation 769 set -publish 531 unprospcro^s 735 wind 349 affidavit afoot ow Aflw<^ 625 disliking 867 aerolite 318 affirmation 535 preparing 673 -party 710 Aerology 338 record 551 «.?tJ7- 682 adversity 735 Aeromancy 511 lawsuit 969 afore 116 advert 457 Aerometer 338 affiliation aforesaid advertise 531 aeronaut 269 relation 9 preceding 62 advice notice 527 aeronautics kindred ii repeated 104 7ie7vs 532 navigation 267 attnbution 155 ^7*'/w 116 counsel 695 air 338 affinity relation 9 aforethought 611 advisable 646 aerostat balloon 2^2, similarity 17 afraid 860 advise ^^r^^^ic^ 511 Aerostatics 267, affirmation be - irresolute 605 inform 527 334 «s««/e/i 43 Afric heat 382 mined 611 sensihility 375 fe#6'r 561 afrite 980 intended 620 beauty 845 affiation 349 aft 235 better - 658 taste 850 afflatus wi/i<^ 349 after in order d^^ adviser teacher 540 aeternum servans inspiration 985 in time 1 1 7 counsellor 695 sub pectore vul- afflict 830 too late 135 advocacy nus 919 - with illness 655 rear 235 approlation 931 JEtiology Isee Eti- affliction ^;«i;i 828 pursuit 622 advocate ology] infliction 830 be - intention 620 prompt 615 afar 196 adversity 735 pursuit 622 recommend 695 aifable affluence go - follow 281 aid 707 condescendiuQ sufficiency 639 - all for a lit hat $0 auxiliary 711 879 prosperity 734 qualification 469 friend 890 courteous 894 meaXth 803 o/i ?!/!e '/i7<<^^'6' 476 vindicate 937 affair event 151 affluent river 348 - time 133 counsellor 968 topic 454 afflux 286 after acceptation Advocate, the - business 625 afford .§?/^;jwZy 784 516 Saviour 976 battle 720 wealth 803 after-age 124 advocation - of honour 720 ?/i6^/»mer/ 150 ?/j difficulty 704 failure 732 ague-fit 860 aguets, auz - expectation 507 ambush 530 aguish c^?Z^Z 383 ah me ! 839 aha ! rejoicing 838 ahead ?'« front 234 procession 280 go - progression shoot - transcur- sion 303 activity 682 rock - danger 665 jntfall 667 Ahrimanes 978, 980 aid /i^'Zy; 707 charity 906 by the - of instrument 631 means 632 aide-de-camp auxiliary 711 <.#<:y'7' 745 aidless 160 aigrette 847 aiguille 253 aigulet 847 ail ^>7^ 655 J'.'rt?// 828 ailment 655 aim direction 278 purpose 620 - a blow at 716 aimable, faire T - 897 aimer ^perdument 897 aimless without motive 616 nvithout design 621 air unsubstaiitial 4 broach 66 lightness 320 ^^« 334 atmospheHc 338 7rz«^ 349 t?f7/e 415 appearance 448 refresh 689 fashionable 852 beat the - 645 fill the - 404 fine - saluhnty 656 fish in the - 645 fowls of the - 36^ rend the - 404 take - 531 air-balloon 273 air-drawn 515 air-gun 727 airing 266 air-pipe 351 air-pump 349 airs affectation 855 2}ride 878 vanity 880 arrogance 885 air-tight 261 airy [^ee air] iinimpoitant 643 y^y 836 - hopes 858, 859 J give to - nothing a local habitation .&c. 515 aisle passage 260 7t'«y 627 in a church 1000 ait 346 349 AJA ALI ALL ALL ajar oiien 260 discordant 713 ajee 217 ajutage ojjening 260 jnjye 350 akimbo angnlar 244 stand - 715 akin consangui- neous II similar 17 alabaster 7vMte 430 alack ! 839 alacrity willing 602 active 682 cheerful 836 Aladdin's lamp 993 alarm warning 668 notice of danger 669 fear 860 cause for - 665 give an - indicate alarmist 862 alarum indication 550 notice of danger 669 alas ! 839 alb 999 albeit 30 albification 430 albino 443 album look 593 coinpendium 596 albumen semi-liquid 352 jjrotein 357 Alcaic 597 alcaid 745 alcalde 745 Alchemy 144 alcohol drinldng 959 Alcoran 986 alcove hower 191 hollow 252 Aldebaran 423 alderman 745 ale 298 aleajacta est- 601 Alecto 173 Alectromancy 511 alehouse 189 go to the - 959 alembic conversion 144 vessel 191 furnace 386 laboratory 69 I 350 alentours 197 alert watchful 459 active 682 alerte 669 Aleuromancy 511 Alexandrine ornate style ^I'j'j vei'se 597 {length 200) alexipharmic 662 alexiteric 662 Algebra 85 algid 383 Algology 369 algorithm 85 alguazil 965 alias 565 alibi 187 alien irrelevant 10 foreign 57 transfer 783 gentile 989 alienable 783 alienate transfer 783 estrange 889 set against 898 alienation mental - 503 alieni appetens grasping 865 envAous 921 selfish 943 align 278 alight stop 265 arnve 292 descend 306 on fire 382 alike 17 share and share - 778 aliment food 298 {materials 635) alimentary regimen 662 alimentation aid 707 alimony 2)ropeHy 780 provision 803 income "^lo aliquot^«?T^5i number 84 aliter visum, diis - 601 alive living 359 intelligent 498 active 682 ■ cheerful 836 keep - continue 143 keep the memory -505 - to attention 457 cognizant 490 informed 527 a JZe 698 sensible 822 alkahest 335 all w/iofe 50 comjilete 52 generality 78 - absorbing 642 in - ages 112 - agog 865 - in all 50 - along 106 - along of 154 - but 32 - colours 440 - considered thonght 451 judgment 480 - day long no in - directions 278 at - events coni- 2)ensation 30 qualification 469 true 494 resolve 604 - fours easy 705 cards 840 - in good time 152 - hail ! welcome 292 honour to 873 celebration 883 courtesy 894 - hands everybody 78 on - hands 488 - of a heap 72 - manner of dif- ferent 15 multiform 81 with - one's might 686 - at once 113 - one equal 27 indifferent 866 - over end 67 universal 78 destruction 162 sjyace 180 at - points 52 - in one's power 686 - powerful mighty 159 God 976 in - quarters 180 with - respect 928 in - respects completely 52 tridy 494 - right ! 922 - searching 461 on - sides 227 - sorts diverse i6a mixed 41 multiform 81 - talk 4 - things to all men 894 - the time 106 at -times 136 - together 50 - ways disto7'tion 243 deviation 279 - the world and his wife 'j8 of - work useful 644 maid - 746 Allah 979 allay moderate 174 pacify 723 relieve 834 - excitability 826 allective 615 allege evidence 467 assert 535 2)lea 617 allegiance obedience 743 duty 926 allegory similitude 464 metaphor ^2\ allegro tmisic 415 cheerful 836 allelujah 990 allemande 840 alleviate Ttwderate i74 relieve 834 alley court 189 2)assage 26 M*ff_7/ 627 alliance relation 9 hindred ii physical cooper- ation 178 voluntary cooper- ation 709 2)arty 712 union 714 ALL allied to lilte 17 alligation 43 allign 278 alliteration dmilaHty 17 ^l/le in TvHting 577 allocation 60 allocution 586 allodium/;r<3 748 lyropcHy 780 Allopathy 662 alloquy 586 allot arrange 60 distrihite 786 due 924 allow assent 488 admit 529 jjermit 760 consent 762 give 784 - to have one's own way 740 allowable permitted 760 '?«i;2 344 alluvium dejmsit 40 Zaw<^ 342 s(>iZ 653 ally auxiliary 711 friend 891 alma mater 542 ALP almanac chronometry 114 record 551 almighty 157 Almighty, the - 976 almoner treasurer 801 cJuirch officer 996 almost nearlri 32 7; of (7 wife 651 - all 50 - immediate!}' 132 alms gift 784 benevolence 906 woj'sM}) 990 almsman 785 Alnaschar's dream imagination 515 %;6' 858 aloes 395 aloft 206 alogy 497 alone single 87 unaided 706 let - not use 678 w<;f restrain 748 along 200 get - progress 282 go - depart 293 go - with concur 178 «5«ertf 488 cooperate 709 - of caused by 154 - with added yj together ?>2, by means of (y^i alongside near 197 parallel 216 laterally 236 aloof distant 196 7;y 118 ^>'flsf f?/?ie 122 Alsatia thieving 791 fictf 945 also 37 altar mai'riage 903 church 1000 alter 140 - the case 468 - ones course 279 alter ego similar 17 auxiliary 71 1 deputy 759 friend 890 alterable 149 alteram partem, audire - countei'-evidence 468 j?/sf 922 alterative remedy 662 altercation 713 altered wmvi 688 - for the worse 659 alternate reciprocal 12 sequence 63 discontinuous 70 2)eriodic 138 changeable 149 oscillate 314 alternative substitute 147 choice 609 j'^'Zflw 626 although compensation 30 counteraction 179 unless 469 (ojjposition 708) altiloquence 577 Altimetry height 206 a«-7Z?j'6'Z 847 amiable courteous 894 Zo^-r«<7 897 /-i/icZ 906 amicable assisting 707 fHendly 888 amice 999 amicus - curije 527 - humani generis 910 - usque ad aras 890 amidst mixed with 41 between 12.% amiss 619 come - disagree 24 mistime 135 inexpedient 647 do -945 go - 732 nothing comes - 823 take - dislike 867 resent 900 amity concord 714 ])eace 721 friendship 888 ammunition onaterials 635 w«r 727 amnesty pacification 723 forgiveness 91S amnis, rusticus ex- pectat dum d«- fluat - 7i'6' 858 among mixed rvith 41 between 228 amor patriae 910 amore, con - willingly 602 heaHily 821 amoroso 599 amorous 897 - glances 902 amorphous irregular 83 formless 24 c amorphism 241 amortization 784 amotion 270 amount quantity 25 degree 26 ^ww of money 800 j'j7*i(?e 812 gross - 50 - to ^<7?^»Z 27 number 85 amour Z^rc 897 intrigue 961 - propre vaiiity 880 amphibious 83 amphibology 520 Amphictyonic council 696 amphigouri 497 amphitheatre 2)rospec't 441 school 542 theatre 599 arena 728 Amphitryon 890 amphora 191 ample much 31 spacious 180 Z«?*(/e 192 b?oad 202 copious 639 amplify expand 194 exaggerate 549 diffuse style 573 amplitude quantity 25 degree 26 s?^/;^ 858 at -fixed 150 stationed 184 «^//(? 664 cast - se^Z^ 184 arrive 292 sheet - means 632 anchorage location 184 roadstead 189 refuge 666 anchored A>tYZ 150 anchorite recluse 893 ascetic 955 anchylosis 150 ancient oZ'i anon 132 anonymous 565 anorexy 866 another different 15 repetitio?i 104 tell - story 468 go upon - tack 607 - time 119 answer to an inquiry 462 confute 479 solution 522 s^icceed 731 pecuniary profit 775 jfleadings 969 require an - 461 - for deputy 759 2)romise 768 ^0 J«i7 806 I'll - for it 535 - the helm 743 - the purpose 731 - to correspond 9 - one's turn 64^. answerable bail 806 duty 926 censurable 932 ant 690 Antaeus strength 159 size 192 antagonism difference 14 physical 179 voluntary 708 A A ANT antagonist 710 antarctic 237 antecedence in wder 62 in time 116 antecedent 64 antechamber 191 ante Christum 106 antedate 115 antediluvian 124 antegropelos 225 antelope 274 antemundane 124 antenna 379 anteposition 62 anterior in order 62 in time 116 in place 234 - to reason 477 anteroom 191 antevert 706 anthem 990 anthemion 847 anthology collection 596 poem 597 anthracite 388 Anthropology zoology 368 Tnanldnd 372 Anthropomancy anthropophagi 913 Anthroposcopy 511 Anthroposophy 372 antic 840 antichambre, faire - 133 antichristian heterodox 984 irreligious 989 antichronism 1 1 5 anticipate anachronism 115 priority 116 future 121 early 132 expect 507 foresee 510 prepare 673 ho2)e 858 anticlimax decrease 36 lathos 497, 853 anticlinal 217 antidote 662 antilogarithm 84 antilogy 477 antimony 663 354 ANY Antinomian 984 antinomy 964 Antinous 845 antiparallel 217 antipathy dislike 867 hate 898 antiphon music 4 1 5 answer 462 tvorsMp 990 antiphrasis 563 antipodes difference 14 distance 196 conti'aposition 237 antiquary past times 122 scholar 492 historian 553 antiquas vias, stare super - hahit 613 conservative 670 antiquated aged 128 (oMf of fashion 851) antique 124 antiquity 122 antiscriptural 984 antiseptic 662 antisocial 911 antistrophe 597 antithesis contrast 14 «tyU 574, 577 antitype 22 antler 253 antonomasia mxitaphoT 521 nomenclature 564 anvil suppm^t 215 on the - intended 620 in hand 625 jyreparing 673 anxiety 7>>«i» 828 fear 860 desire 865 anxious expecta- tion 507 any sow/? 25 ji^flT^ 51 '/^o cJioice 6oga at - price 604a at - rate certain 474 true 494 ai a W hazards 604 APO anybody 78 anyhow careless 460 ^;^ «ow6' way 627 anything one knows, for - 491 aorist indefinite time 109, 119 aorta 350 apace ca^'ly 132 swift 274 apart separate 44 singleness 87 set - 636 wide - 196 apartment 191 -s to let imbecile 499 apathy 823 ape imitate 19 Apelles 559 aper9u 596 aperture 260 apex 210 aphelion 196 aphony 681 aphorism 496 apiary 370 Apicius 957 apiece 79 apish 499 aplanatic 429 aplomb stahility 150 self-possession 498 resolution 604 Apocalypse 985 Apocrypha 985 apocryphal uncertain 475 erroneous 495 heterodox 984 apodictic 478 apograph 21 Apollo sun 318 music 416 lumina/ry 423 beauty 845 magnus - sage 500 adviser 695 Apollyon 978 apologue metaphm' 521 teaching 537 description, 594 apology <^/7e 967 - elegantiarum revels 840 to^i'e 850 fashion 852 arbitrament judgment 480 {choice 609) - of the sword 722 arbitrary without relation 10 irregular 83 wilful 606 capricious 608 authoritative 737 «efe7-e 739 insolent 885 lawless 964 - power 739 arbitrate adjudicate 480 mediate 724 arbitration court of - 966 submit to - 774 arbitrium, ad - 600 arbor support 215 rotation 312 arborescent ramifying 242 rough 256 f?rt'5 367 arboriculture 371 arbour «J(?^;i 626 cunning 702 (deception 545) artificer 690 artificial fictitious 545 cunning 702 affected 855 - language 579 artillery explosion 404 ftr;Ai« 727 artilleryman 726 artisan 690 artist 2^ainter Sec. 559 contriver 626 ft^^«^ 690 artiste ?»?m'(3 416 drama 599 artistic skilful 698 beautiful 845 tft«# 150 determine 480 ascertained certain 474 Itnown 490 asceticism 955 ascititious intrinsic 6 additional 37 supplementary 52 ascribe 155 ash 384 - coloured 432 ashamed 879 ashes corpse 362 ^7m'2^ 653 lay in - 162 pale as - colourless 429 fear 860 rise from one's - 660 ashore 342 go - arrive 292 ashy 429 Asian mystery 533 aside laterally 236 ivhisper 405 private 528 say - 589 set &c. - disjylace 185 neglect 460 negative 536 ^Y^'tft'^ 610 disuse 678 abrogate 756 discard J ^2 357 ASI ASS ASS ASY step - 279 asinine ass 2^1 fool 499 ask inquire 461 request 765 for sale 794 jjHcf: 812 {invoke 990) - leave 760 askance 217 eye ^ fear 860 look - vision 441, 443 dissent 489 disMe 867 disapproval 932 asked in cliarch 903 askew oblique 217 distorted 243 aslant 217 asleep 683 Asmodeus 980 asomatous 317 asp animal 366 evil-doer 913 Aspasia 962 asipect feature 5 state 7 situation 183 appearance .448 aspen leaf shake like an - motion 315 //y(? 858 desire 865 worship 990 ass Jc«^^ ^ hurden 271 /oo/ 501 358 make an - of delude 545 - between two. bundles of hay 605 -'s bridge unintelligible 519 - in lion's skin cheat 548 bungler 701 assafoetida 401 assagais 727 assail attack 716 jMin 830 assailant opponent 710 attacker 726 assassin, -ate 361 assault 716 take by - 789 assay 463 asseguay 727 assemblage 72 assembly council 696 society 892 religious 997 assembly room 189 assent Joetry 597 assort arrange 60 assortment collection "jz class 75 assuage moderate 174 relieve 834 ( - morally 826) assuetude 613 assume JeZm-t^ 484 sujfpose 514 falsehood 544 ^«7(^6' 789 insolent 885 ^'^y/^if 924 - authority 737 - a character 554 - command 741 - a form 144 - the offensive 716 assumed name 565 assumption [«t'/ 253 impulse 276 weapon 727 /