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PART 1. rM jvuM h
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FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN
THE FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY,
/COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
A
(Utobern ^^riac^cBnjfie^ ^icHomx^
BY
JEl6ra§am ^o^annan <E. QU.
P^i^T 1.
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN
THE FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY,
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
r&IRJ^-
^ OF TH
UNJVERl I
OF /
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
1900.
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PREFACE.
The difficulties which confronted me in compiling this dic-
tionary were numerous. There was no previous work of which
I could avail myself as a guide. Of modern Syriac literature
beyond a number of books on religious subjects which have been
translated chiefly from English and printed by the missionaries,
there is almost nothing that is worth the name; and the religious
Hterature scarcely touches upon the vernacular and idiom of a people
of whom a great majority are ilhterate. This illiteracy has fostered
the division of modern Syriac into numerous dialects. The rehgious
books have issued from the presses of three different missions,
the American, the English and the French. All of these being
stationed in Urmi have, it is true, taken the dialect of that place
for their standard; but while the American mission has kept more
strictly to this dialect, the English and the French show a tendency
to admit pecuUarities of other dialects. They therefore differ
from each other considerably in orthography and pronunciation.
Each mission has its own peculiar way of spelling certain classes
of words. The French Cathohc missionaries have been influenced
to some extent by the Salamas dialect, for one of their fields
of work lies in that region. Missionaries of the Church of
England, on the other hand, are trying to introduce more of
the mountain dialects, which show a tendency to recur to the
210502
rv
classical Syriac. A great confusion has naturally resulted
from this.
My interest in the Modern Syriac vocabulary has greatly
increased since 1886, when I engaged in the revision of the Scrip-
tures in Modern Syriac, under the auspices of the American Bible
Society. My work began to assume shape in 1893 and 1894 after
I had received my appointment at Columbia University, New
York. Here I had almost all the apparatus that was needed. In
its library are represented almost all of the modern Syriac dialects.
I desire to make grateful acknowledgement of my deep in-
debtedness to Professor R. J. H. Gottheil for his valuable sug-
gestions, and his assistance in reading the manuscript and proof.
He placed at my disposal the books in his library referring to
the subject, and has given me much encouragement to continue
the work. My cordial thanks are also due to my friend and
colleague Prof. A. V. W. Jackson for the personal interest he has
taken in the work from the beginning, and for reading the
manuscript and proof sheets. I am greatly indebted to Dean
Maclean's Grammar of the Vernacular Syriac, (Cambridge, 1895),
which has been indispensable in compiHng this dictionary, and
whose method I have often adopted. Of other works which I
have used, I can only mention Duval's Les Dialectes Neo-Ara-
meens de Salamas (Paris, 1883), and Socin's Neu-Aramaeische
Dialekte von Urmia his Mosul, (Tiibingen, 1882) as well as Lidz-
barski's Neu-Aramdische Handschriften in the Semitistische Studien,
(Weimar, 1894) and Prym and Socin, Der Neu-Aramdische Dia-
lekt des Tur Ahdin (G-ottingen, 1881). Noldeke's Grammatik der
Neusyrischen Sprache (Leipzig, 1868), and Stoddard's Grammar
of Modern Syriac Language (New York, 1856) have been of
great help in the work. To determine the origin of a few loan-
words I have occasionally had recourse to Paul de Lagarde's
Gesammelte Abhandlungen (Leipzig, 1866).
I obtained lately the Dictionnaire de la Langue Chaldeenne,
by Mgr. J. Audo (Mossoul, 1897), and Grammaire de la Langue
Arameenne by Mgr. David, archbishop of Damascus, and have
availed myself of the help they could afford me; and I owe my
thanks also to the printing office of Mr. W. Drugulin, Leipzig,
for the careful and prompt despatch of the work.
ABRAHAM YOHANNAN.
Columbia University,
in the City of New York.
INTEODUCTION.
The Syriac speaking community is found today in the dis-
strict which Ues between Lake Urmi\ Lake Van, the River
Tigris and the city of MosuP.
The question as to the origin of the Syrians is one difficult
to answer. Certain European travelers have held that the
Nestorians have a Jewish type of countenance, and have tried
to identify them with the Ten Lost Tribes of IsraeP. They
have been led to this because of certain points of similarity
which Nestorians and Jews seem to have in common — phy-
siognomy, language*, religious observances and social customs.
^ It is wi'itten in various forms, as ^io:, %*io3oi, o^boJ, o;.!p3oi, oj^iol
and in Persian, {^^)\ i^^^> "^^tv^^^^ C5^J3^ '^•C^A)^ *"Cr^J^' "^^^ Nestorians
etymologize the word as meaning 'place of water'. See Noldeke's Grammatik
der Neusyrischen Sprache, Einleitung, p. XXII. Urmi is sometimes called
jSga? lL^\j\>, 'the place of pleasure'. The Eastern Syrians write it ^soi in-
variably. The name ^bol might have some relation to the word Ormazd, the
adjective of it in Mountain dialects is, iJll^boi, perhaps a corruption of i^st^hoi
'a man of Urmi.' s>*io3oo7 it used now as a man's name.
^ Comp. Maclean. Grammar of Vernacular Syriac, Introduction p. IX,
Map of the Assyrian or' Chaldean Country, in the Annual Eeports of the Arch-
hishop^s Mission to the Assyrian Christians.
^ Grant. The Nestorians-, or, the Lost Tribes, pp. 192 — 253.
* Gottheil. The Judceo -Aramaean Dialect of Salamas, JAOS. XV, pp.
297—310. New York, 1892; Lowy in Trans. Soc. Bill Arc. lY, p. 98; VI,
vn
This identity has, however, in no measure been proven, for the
very reason, if for no other, that the diversity of types among
the Eastern Syrians makes it hard to presuppose a common
ancestry for them all. The people of Tiari, for instance, seem
to be an entirely different type from most of the other Syrians.
Their complexion is generally ruddy brown and their features
are small and sharply defined. The most that can be said is
that the Nestorians of Jelu^ have a more Jewish type of counte-
nance than any of the other Nestorians.
According to the generally accepted view the Syrians were
first known as ^^^joSi or ^Ljoal: ^, that is Arameans, and their language
is spoken of as ii^ii'si or fy^ii>'i'i, that is Aramaic. The language of
the New Testament seems to make a distinction between yi>si
and ySfii, and Syriac grammarians, lexicographers and commentators
agree as regards this distinction. The former expression is used
to designate the Hellenists or Pagans and the latter is applied to
Syriac Christians. In course of time, however, the designation, iiliotb
or ill->aa or ;:j>oo 'Syrian' came to be substituted for Aramean be-
cause the latter expression seemed to smack of heathenism ^ So
far, indeed, did this dislike of things Aramean go, that the
Syrian Christians despised even their early Aramaic literature
p. 600, London, 1878. J. Perkins. JAOS. II, p. 91, New York, 1849—50.
Noldeke. ZDMGr. XXXVII, p. 602, Leipzig, 1883. Duval. Les Dialectes
Neo-Arameens de Salanias, Paris 1883. Maclean. Grammar of Vernacular Syriac,
Cambridge, 1895. "Wright. Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages,
p. 20, Cambridge, 1890. Socin. Die Neu-Aramaeischen Dialekte von Urmia
bis Mosul, Einleitung, p. V., Tubingen, 1882.
^ Maclean. Grammar of Vernacular Syriac, Introduction, p. XIII.
2 Payne Smith. Thesaurus Syriacus, under ^l^si and ;^iox&. Audo. Die-
tionnaire de la Langue Chaldeenne, Introduction, p. 9. Mosul, 1896. David.
Granimaire de la Langue Aramaeenne, Introduction, p. 10. Mosul, 1896.
^ "Wright. Comimrative Grammar of the Semitic Languages, p. 15. Nol-
deke in Hermes, 1871, p. 443 and ZDMG. XXV, p. 113. David. Grammaire
de la Langue Arameenne. Introduction p. 11. Audo. Dictionnaire de la Langue
Chaldeenne. Introduction, p. 9.
vm
and probably destroyed it because it was heathenish. The term
^Hato is generally admitted to have been given to the people by
the Greeks, although Syrian national tradition holds that it
was in use long before the designation Aramean, and that the
Greeks got it from the Arameans. The Nestorians claim further
that in reality they should be called ^io^j, that is Assyrians,
and that the word ^-aoo is merely a Christian adaptation of the
original. In this connection it may be worth noting that the
Armenians call the Syrians Athori, and the country Athorestan\
and there is in truth a certain similarity in the shape of the
head and the physiognomy of the old Assyrians as engraved
upon their ancient monuments with the features of the Syrians
of today, especially in Mosul, Albak, etc. Noldeke has long ago
proven that the word Syria is merely a shortened form of As-
syria. Furthermore the Syrians insist that the term ifi^i was a
misnomer given by the Jews to all who were outside the pale
of Judaism.
There is still another designation for the Syrians. In recent
times the name ^laia 'Chaldeans' has been adopted by Latin mis-
sionaries for them ^, though its use is confined almost exclusively
to those Syrians who have joined the CathoHc church. This
appellation is quite inexact, as the Syrians themselves use this
word to designate astrologers.
The Syrians of Persia probably number about sixty thou-
sand souls. They are located in the plains of Urmi, Salamas
and Sulduz; — plains which lie to the West of Lake Urmi.
Salamas is near the northern end of the lake, Sulduz near the
southern, and Urmi between the two. From the diversity seen
^ Aucher. A Dictionary, Armenian and English, V. II, Venice, 1821.
2 Badger. The Nestorians and their Bituals, I, p. 179. Grant. The Nesto-
rians, p. 170. Smith and D wight Missionary Researches V. II, p. 186.
Duval. Les Dialectes Neo-Arameens de Salamas, p. II.
in their speech one might be inclined to think that the inhabi-
tants of these districts migrated hither at different periods and
from different locahties. It seems probable that they all came
from the West\ as migration from that quarter still continues
owing to the more comfortable circumstances in which the
Syrians Hve in Persia than in Turkish Kurdistan. The earliest
dates that we have are to be found in the Estrangelo inscrip-
tions on tomb-stones in Salamas, which begin as early as
the seventh century^. It is said that there was a Nestorian bishop
at Urmi as early as the thirteenth century ^ In 1281 Mar
Joseph, the bishop of Salamas, assisted in the consecration of
the patriarch Mar Yab-Alaha, and Salamas is spoken of as the
seat of an archbishop in 1576*. In 1600 we read of a patriarch
in Urmi. In Ushnug, in the vicinity of Sulduz, there was a
CathoHcos in the year 1289.
The Syriac language itself is called in the Urmi dialect
fts*;;->oC); in the mountain dialect is?aO); m Mesopotamia ft^itjjb;
and further West in Jabal Ttir ^boo^ Modern Syriac is called
;^£i, ;ixis, that is, 'the new language'; }i>iokoui ^, 'the colloquial
or vernacular'; ;axod ^, 'the translated language'; while the
classical Syriac is caUed ;a^t>l iisS, 'the old language'; ^a^a ^x!s, 'the
language of the books'; and 49**^ ^j 'the literary language'.^
This dictionary contains over fifty thousand words reaUy in
use, besides the numerous derivatives, and distinct from the proper
names of persons and many geographical names which compose
^ Maclean. Grammar of Vernacular Syriac, p. XIII.
2 Duval. Les Dialectes Neo-Arameens de Salamas, p. IV.
^ Comp. Noldeke. Grammatik der Neusyrischen Sprache, pp. XXI — XXIII.
Assemani. B. 0. III. II. 707. Duval. Les Dialectes Neo-Arameens de Salamas,
p. III.
* Duval. Les Dialectes Neo-Arameens de Salamas, p. lY.
^ David. Grammaire de la Langue Arameenne. Introduction, p. 9.
® Comp. Maclean. Grammar of the Vernacular Syriac, p. X.
the appendix. The few words which are rarely used have been
usually marked as such.
An attempt has been made in the dictionary to trace every
foreign word to its origin and to give it in the script of the
language from which it comes.
It is hardly necessary to state that whenever a foreign word
is designated as of Arabic origin, it is to be understood that it
has been also employed in Persian and Turkish, and if it comes
from Persian, the same word is also used in Turkish. In other
words, the intermediate languages between the original one and
the Syriac, are not given.
There are as yet no uniform or fixed rules in Syriac for
spelling or transUteration of the words of foreign origin, and
the usage is rather an arbitrary one. As an illustration, the
Arabic word oLj! might be spelled phonetically, tf^-xai, Mo:,
fiorg2, tsh^i, fto^, ish^, Naus^, fisW, ^^^:, isk>.:, consequently an attempt
has been made to group together the various forms of spelling
which are most common, at the end of the definition of
a word.
The long vowel or I in the middle of the Arabic, Persian
and Turkish words is represented by the Syriac ^kapa — , as oal
abad, for 4>L!, ^^'o: oulagh for c^f, although the vowel zliapa —
is often short. For instance, the two vowels in the word mj
may be either short or long, each reading having a different
meaning, e. g. the short form aa'i abad, 'eternity', long form mi
abdd, 'cultivated', 'inhabited' (land).
The Turkish ^ is often changed into Syriac A^ as ;:^2 for
UJ, and the endings ^, «J and dU into *^, e. g. ^ifsooi for
JULlu-^I, -^2 for (J^f, etc. In the Mountain dialects for the
endings in the words as stated above, the letter - is chiefly
used. The sound of -. in the singular of words is pronounced as
.i^ in the plural, e. g. --s^, -^fto, ^i>ft>, ^X-^'^? although it would
XI
be wrong to write ;,v3fis. The Turkish termination ^ is usu-
ally written -e.
There are many words in Modern Syriac which have their
origin in Arabic, Persian, or Turkish ; but since they have come
into Syriac through Kurdish, they are written and pronounced
after the Kurdish manner; as -*i*A)i, «x.i, ^^^j, *Ji: while in the
original they are «joi, jtiu, ;i^o*, mj. The * in the beginning of
a great number of words in the Mountain dialects is pronounced
as ;, which is the Kurdish method of pronunciation.
Parts of the verb which are not much used have not been
fully given; nor the feminine plural when it does not differ from
the masculine. The words ending in ;k— and }'i^a — being easily
understood as feminine, it was deemed unnecessary to mark them
as such.
A hybrid word is indicated by the letters which represent
the languages out of which the word is constructed. Thus, the
word ;No*ajajoJsi2 is indicated by the letters A.T. S. which means,
the first part of the word is Arabic, the middle Turkish and
the last part Syriac.
The verbs which have been prefixed with a vowelless »,
thus »^(»), are pronounced both with and without the sound
of 40. ^ bashil or ^iaaa mhashil 'to cook'.
Whatever may be the origin of Modern Syriac, whether it
be a descendant or a sister speech of the classical Syriac or of
a more ancient tongue, it is certain that it has been influenced
greatly by outside languages; in Persia by Persian and Turkish,
in Kurdistan by Kurdish and Tui'kish, and further west (especi-
ally in Jabal Tur) by Arabic.
The Modern Syriac may be divided into several dialects
which for convenience have been put into the following five
groups \
^ Comp. Maclean. Grammar of the Vernacular Syriac, p. X.
1. THE URMI DIALECTS. Stllduz, Tekka Ardishai, Giogtapa,
Gulpashan, Sipurghan, Gavilan, whicli do not aspirate ? and ts.
2. THE NORTHERN DIALECTS. Salamas, Kudshanis, Gawar,
Jelu. (The last three are frequently uicluded in the Mountain
Dialects,) which drop ^ at the end of a word or substitute ©
for it.
3. THE MOUNTAIN OR ASHIRAT DIALECTS. Tiari, Tkhuma, Baz,
Ashitha, Marbishu, Shamsdin, Targawar, Margawar and some
smaller districts and villages. These aspirate ,? and ^.
4. THE SOUTHERN DIALECTS. Alkosh, TelMef, Bohtan, Zakhu.
These also aspirate ,? and ^.
5. The dialect of Tur Abdin or Jabal Tur.
The people of neighboring villages are generally able to
converse with each other fairly well, but as the geographical
distance between them increases they become more and more
unintelligible to each other, so much so that the dialects of
Urmi in the extreme East and of Jabal Tiir in the extreme
West appear to be almost two distinct languages.
The foregoing groups might easily be subdivided into minor
dialects difPering from each other in the pronunciation of certain
words. In the Urmi dialect, for instance, the abstract terminations
ending in ;^o — , as ;>.<m,»*o7, ^^ft'^\y are pronounced in various ways in
the different villages of the Urmi district. The word for 'faith' in
Degala and in most of the neighboring villages is pronounced
iftsauLor, while in Giogtapa, within five miles of Degala, it is pro-
nounced ;k.oxk.6i also i^oXii or }L.;a^. In the village of Sipurghan
in the northern part of the Urmi plain it is pronounced ;L^oi:xuaj
also ;fi>-.ai!i), but in Gavilan at the extreme northern end it is
pronounced ;ooi»*o7 or }^oi»*6j, just as in Salamas. It seemed to
be unnecessary to mention in the dictionary, all of these ter-
minations in every case.
The most peculiar dialect in Urmi seems to be that of Tekka
xm
Ardishai, two villages at the soutliern end of Urmi. Here zkwpa
is variously pronounced, as a in cap; a in fall; e in fate. As an
illustration, the sentence }^ oi^ ijs^ iS<a jiat-,* ^ in the speech
of these two villages is pronounced, bebi kliishh ber teri go
yama, 'my father went after the birds into the sea', while in all
the other villages of the Urmi plain it is read, babi khishli bar
tairi gu yama.
It must be borne in mind that these variations in the Urmi
dialect are manifested in conversation only, the spelling being
the same in all.
As might be expected, a large number of the words of
foreign origin have acquired in modern Syriac meanings which
deviate more or less from those in the languages from which they
come. For instance, the verb Saii, wliich in Syriac means 'to
fear', is derived from the Arabic ^jo, which there means 'to
ignore'; the word laA^i, signifies in Syriac 'trouble, affliction'; but
jjis^t in Arabic means 'a hireling, a mercenary'; the term ^c^'5i
means 'apparatus, furniture', in Syriac; while x^^ul in Arabic
signifies 'weapon, arms', and ^Lsi.^Lot something else.
The speech of the villagers who live among the Mohamme-
dans of Urmi is of a motley type; in some instances the Turkish
words are more numerous than the Syriac. This is especially
true in regard to the people who live along the upper part of
the Baranduz River. As an illustration the following sentence
will sufiice: e^o-aa ^ ioo* i^5^o^ x!^ 'The magpie has built a
nest on the willow tree'. Here the first, third and fifth words,
all of which are substantives, are Turkish, while only the second
(a verb) and the fourth (a preposition) are Syriac. In some
villages Turkish is spoken by the Syrians more fluently than
Syriac, while in some others, Syriac has almost entirely been
supplanted by Turkish.
These foreign languages have to a certain extent afifected also
XIV
the pronunciation of some of the consonants. There are four
explosive or emphatic sounds borrowed chiefly from the Kurdish,
which have abeady found their way into numerous words which
are of pure Syriac origin. As the Syriac has no signs by which
it can accurately represent these sounds, the nearest corre-
sponding letter has been adopted. The first of these sounds is
the emphatic labial which is represented by the letters ^ and o
indifferently; thus, oaai or oiai or oioi or oaoi 'hoopoe'. The
letter ^ has this sound in words like ^^o^ 'to bleat', i»h 'odd', etc.
The second is the sound between J^ and ^; as instances of this
may be cited the words oaa or oi;i^ 'father', jSo 'deaf. The third
is the emphatically pronounced ^ or A^ as in the following words
;aa 'weapon', ;aa 'girl', jsii^ or ay^A, 'rags'. The fourth one might
be called a cerebro-dental, or the cerebro-dental sound of ^, j^
and ?. Compare the following words: io^e\ 'tail', ^v^ 'to hum',
;aN or ;aj? 'single or odd number'; ? in the word so? 'return', in
Targawar dialect has this sound.
From the fragments of the poems and ballads which have
been written in the Alkosh dialect, it is manifest that the western
Syrians made the attempt to reduce Modern Syriac into
writing as early as the 17*^ century. The liturgical Gospels were
written in the 18*^ century. The creed, written by a Roman
Priest in Salamas in 1827 and pubHshed by R6diger\ is a good
specimen of the dialect of that region. But all of these works
have been done with little regard to etymology, and they contain
many inconsistencies.
The first scientific attempt to reduce Modern Syriac to
writing was made in the year 1836 by the American Presby-
terian missionaries who translated the scriptures into the ver-
nacular of Urmi. There the New Testament was printed in
ZKM. Gottingen, 1839.
XV
1846, the Old Testament in 1852. In 1863 the American Bible
Society in New York published a pocket edition of the New
Testament and the Psalms. A revision of this made by the
Eev. Dr. Labaree and some natives was printed in New York
in 1893. An edition of the Gospels in the Alkosh dialect was
printed at Urmi in 1873.
The American missionaries in Urmi have been justly credited
with the honor of being pioneers in their research and investi-
gation of Modern Syriac.
ABBREVIATIONS.
LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS.
A.
= Arabic.
GUL.
= Gulpashan.
Sh.
= Shamsdin.
Alk.
= Alkosh.
H.
= Hebrew.
Skt.
= Sanskrit.
Aram.
= Aramean.
It.
= Italian,
Sp.
= Sipurghan.
Arm.
= Armenian.
J.
= Jelu.
T.
= Turkish.
Ash.
= Ashirat.
K.
= Kurdish.
T.A.
= Tekka Ardishai
ASHITH.
= Ashitha.
KUD.
= Kudshanis.
Tar.
= Targawar.
Ass.
= Assyrian.
Mar.
= Marblshu.
Tel.
= Telkief.
B.
= Bohtan.
Mt.
= Mountain dialects.
TiA.
= Tiari.
CS.
= Classical Syriac.
P.
= Persian.
Tkh.
= Tkhuma.
Eng.
= English.
R.
= Russian.
TUR.
= Tur Abdin.
G.
= Greek.
S.
= Syriac.
U.
= Urmi.
Gaw.
= Gawar.
Sal.
= Salamas.
z.
= Zakhu.
GlOG.
== Giogtapa.
GRAMMATICAL TERMS.
abs.
= absolute.
inf.
= infinitive.
per.
= perfect.
adj.
= adjective.
interj.
= interjection.
plur.
= plural.
adv.
= adverb.
interr.
= interrogative.
prep.
= preposition.
ant.
== accented on the
lit.
= literal.
pres.
= present.
antepenult.
m.
== masculine.
pron.
= pronoun.
caus.
= causative.
met.
= metaphorically.
ptcpl.
= participle.
coll.
= collective.
myth.
= mythological.
sing.
= singular.
colloq.
= colloquial.
n.
= noun.
sub.
= substantive.
conj.
= conjunctive.
onom.
= onomatopoetic.
ult.
= accented on the
cons.
= construct.
palp.
= palpel.
ultima.
def. art
= definite article.
p.p.
= past participle.
var.
= variations.
demon.
= demonstrative.
p.pret.
= present participle.
V. i.
= verb intransitive.
dim.
= diminutive.
pen.
= accented on the
V. n.
= verbal noun
/.
= feminine.
penult.
V. t.
= verb transitive.
indecl.
= indeclinable
xvn
AUTHORS.
Duval Sal. = Duval's Les Dialectes Neo-Aramaeens de Salamas. (Paris, 1883).
Lizd.orLidz.S.S.= Neu-Aramilische Handschriften von Lidzbarski, Semitistische Studien,
vols 4, 5. (Weimar, 1894),
Mac. = Maclean's Grammar of the Vernacular Syriac. (Cambridge, 1895).
Nold. = Noldeke's Grammatik der neusyrischen Sprache. (Leipzig, 1868).
Sachau. = Sacbau's Skizze des Fellichi Dialekts von Mosul (Berlin, 1895),
Socin. = Socin's Neuaramaische Dialekte von Urmi bis Mosul. (Tiibingen, 1882).
Stodd, = Stoddard's Grammar of the Modern Syriac Language. (New York, 1856).
The Urmi dialect is used as the standard. A word without a dialect abbreviation
is to be considered as belonging to the dialect of Urmi, and occasionally as being used
in a large number of dialects.
An abbreviation (for a dialect) after the word indicates usually the name of the
locality for which the abbreviation stands, but the word is not necessarily confined to
that locality.
For convenience, each one of the five divisions or groups of dialects is re-
presented generally by one of the principal dialects of that division.
Loan-words are given in the brackets at the beginning of the definition, the
corresponding words in the other languages come at the end.
Mt. and Ash. refer often to the Mountain or Kurdistan dialects in general.
Al. and Tel. mean the same dialect.
MODEEN SYEIAC-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.
f-
I Pronounced alap, allap, alaph and
olapli, the first letter of the alphabet.
It is written % after S and ^; 2
when initial, medial and after a,
a; and J when final.
As a numeral ^ denotes 1 ; with
one dot under or above it 2 or 2
= 1000; with a dash or two dots
2 = 10 000.
It is generally a soft breathing
(spiritus lenis), as in abo2', 2JS2,
It is pronounced as ^ when it is
preceded by another I, thus, ^22,
pronounced ai2, or when it occurs
as the middle letter of the active
participle in verbs with weak middle
letter, as yjtlh for ^2h, 9y.3 for
S29) and also in the present tense
of many verbs with weak initial
letter, as ;I^^ for ;Ifts;!s, 230*3
for 230^3.
It sometimes has also the broad
and guttural sound of ^, in
such words as J^2, 3Ai2, 2^*32.
<< ' II »' ' »
In the beginning of a word when
without a vowel J; is occult, as
If ail, ^y^2.
A voweUess I is often rejected
from the beginning of a word, as
y^ for 9ui2, ^kh^ for lk>^l, t^f
for ^f2, and in compound words,
as ;u>3 for ;u2i3 , ^2 for ^2.
It is usually quiescent at the end
of a syllable, as ^a^i, 2"aS«^,
23;^.
I prothetic is very common, as
^IbOXj^ for ;IbAX, \^^. ^^^' \?3!-
In several of the Mountain dia-
lects I is prefixed to form the
1
^\
generic present of the verbs, as
^2, ^2, ;oo72 (corresponding
to y,2 and * of the same dialects,
as ^S3U2, lyJtL, and a or ;a of the
Urmi dialect, as uS»aJa or »Sa2 Ja)-
In TuK. J is prefixed to the per-
fect, thus, .o^3^9 2y*l JSJAIxI
V " ' "
'I kissed the hand of Pharaoh'
Lidz. S. S. 65. 16; ca^ ^^^l
^a\b0 'I bowed to the king'.
I is prefixed to the Imperative,
as v^ou*3J^ for ^omS, ^atJbel for
It precedes the particle a, as
.a^3)[ for .a»s, and a, as jal
^oal for ^, <.ou3.
When two alaps occur together,
II, they are pronounced as one,
e. g. ;;i, ;iih.
i contracted, is placed before Jjp
with the pronominal suffixes, as
J^2 or Jia*i = tw*iip ^u2 'which
one of them?' i . oacuboZ 'which one
of you?' t^bo2 'which one of us?'
It is in numerous cases prefixed
to Greek words beginning with two
consonants, especially when the
first one is a sibilant, as Jio*ikit&2,
Zao^toj^, ^jcaaa^HttZ, and to He-
brew words beginning with ^ as
bfiMjQSuiZ) u!k*2.
2 Probably contracted from ^a]2] used
as a particle, prefixed chiefly to the
first word of an interrogative sen-
tence, e. g, t^eu ^aa ^22
'where are you going thus?' otoJbl
tiSOu liOO^Ol 'why are you
speaking?'
2 TuE. def. art. Evidently a contracted
form of A= ^2, G. g. l^ioisH
the Assyrians, ^btLsMil the wise
men; Lidz. S. S. 31. 7 and 45. 7.
12 inter j. A call or cry to stop; most
commonly used in guiding water
bufi'aloes; haw.
Ji2 interj. An exclamation denoting
surprise, anxiety; contempt.
12 ttdv. yea, yes, well.
jli^w. and/. Dirtjbadness (child's word).
^22 interj. An exclamation expressing
surprise, anxiety (reduplication of J,2).
2^4,22(2'^ ") Alk. a hired laborer,
a hireling. See 2y\2.
^22 adj. m. Bad, dirty (child's word).
ail (jQja — ) [g- a-^p] m. Air.
^2 w. The ancient name of the
Syrian month, which at present is cal-
led 1 n.-'^V 1 answering to the latter part
of July and the first part of August.
^2 [p. <-J water] Used only as a
prefix or suffix to some other noun
which must also be of Persian origin,
e. g. 2aafib2, ^;^e\. In some
cases the letter J is dropped and
^ is aspirated, as ^>*1S3, k^oui.
^2 (= ^) ^It. pre}}. In, by, through,
used only with the pronominal suf-
fixes, thus ^2, .(QAOI32, <^oal, ya2.
2 is added simply for the sake
of euphony.
}32 [cs.] Father, a title given to the
Bishops of the Syrian, Coptic and
Ethiopic churches.
Jai Abba, father; an invocation of
God, expressing filial affection.
^2 TuR. V. t To give, to give away.
LiDz. S. S. 3. 15.
<J3l3l Mt. ult prep. Along, along by,
side by side (reduplication of jal).
aXai The first of the six groups into
which the Syriac alphabet is divi-
ded, or the arrangement of the alpha-
bet according to the numerical value
of the letters, as follows .3X^2
.^xa^ .^^Ajo .^^a^a .^*V* -9^^
7f6o5o,433i^23i;
40 b9 30 i 20 a 10* 9^ 8*.
100 tJ 90^ 80^ 70^ 60 JO 50 a
400 is 300 X 200 3
This system is used in chrono-
grams, astronomical books etc.
ojiLsi [p. sl^T] ult. f. A reservoir, a
cistern.
^liAai (^' ) [v. dJ'^yim. A pain-
ted glass knob in the bottle of
a water-pipe or hukkah; rock-
crystal; a foil set under gems.
AeM. luinuilj^.
^^32 (;*_) [P. J^>/Si] m. A
ladle, a dipper.
afll [p- ■>'^'^J n. and adj. inded. A
city; habitation; a place full of
buildings and inhabitants; peopled,
cultivated. It is often appended
to another name to form a compound
proper name of city or place, thus —
aaio^i ^^Uxjl 'the city of God',
aJii&bboii >l3lu>M>^^ 'the city of
Ahmad', or colloq. Xailaii^'l.)
^ladboii the 3 being dropped and
the »a softened.
9^2, adi2 [a. oS\] J\ Eternity, conti-
1*
^90 lata i
M>1
nuity, without cessation, aal >3ai
'for ever'. adi2 ^ai 9^2 ^ 'from
all past time to all future time,
without beginning or end'.
^^loal [A. cr>.^"^^ ^\ or >b\)\ j^\ lit.
the eternity of eternities] ult. world
without end, ever and ever.
oaoi, ^aai [H. ]115«] w. The
destroyer, or angel of the bottomless
pit; destruction, the bottomless pit.
■VomI [p. ti'^M (used only in a plural
sense) A drink made of .^flj.'y
and water; whey; buttermilk.
;^oaa2 (;SJ — ) [A. C^.^,\] Eternity.
^adii [a. o-^.>>-?\] ult. (plural of aal but
used as singular in Syriac) eternity;
always construed with yal e. g.
^yai 9k32 'ever and ever'? J^oj
MiSklai piail 'for ever and ever'.
ASA^Stiai «iv. Eternally.
;ILaa2, coUoq. ;^aa2 (^— ) ^^i-
Eternal, everlasting, never ending.
^jLoal, colloq. Jl^iSkai The Eternal
Being, one of the appellations of God
;^o*L=k!32 (J&*— ) Eternity, ever-
lastingness.
v^adii [a. Jl^M lit. changed ones,
or converted] m. and /. (originally
plural). Abdal; certain persons
through whom God keeps the world
in existence (their number is
supposed to be seventy; they are
provided by God to further the
cause of the true faith on earth);
a Musulman hermit, a monk, an
enthusiast, a pretender to inspira-
tion; a heedless and confiding person
who takes no care for to-morrow and
trusts entirely to providence; a
vagabond.
uN^nSaai (*'— ) [A. T. ^J\j^\] n. and
adj. m. one who receives or professes
the doctrine of J>«oajLau^ak32.
;S^oui^aai (iK—) [A. T. s.] A
faction of the Mohammedan sect
called uiO^Si AL or ^07^2^2.
;ft^oSaa2 (;K— ) [A- S-] The state of
being an Abdal, the act which an
Abdal performs.
.3012, Alk. ihal [a. \j^,\] ult. adv.
Ever, eternally; with negative,
never, to all eternity.
Aa2 (^'— ) [P- J^>^^] »2- and adj.
indecl. A habitation, a city; cul-
tivated, peopled, nearly synonymous
^hi
oaoo:
with Ml, but never used in forming
compounds.
^Sksi (pL, ) [cs.] m. Destruction,
ruin, perdition.
^I^oipkisi (jlS^— ) Destructibility,
destructiveness [rare].
;^OA9k32 (;K — ) [P- s.] n. and adj.
Cultivation; cultivated, peopled.
4^M2 (;^—) [P.T. ^b-bbf] adj.
Peopled, cultivated.
tSJEdbbsl [p. «.:Uxov>->T] /. Ablution or
washing of the hands, face, and
other parts of the body, performed
by the Mohammedans before prayer
and accompanied by certain pre-
scribed ceremonies and religious
ejaculations.
^jQ»ba2 (;S» — ) [p. cu^jot]/. Water-
closet, lavatory.
93^1 (2 3 ) [p.^lv>.^\] m. A servant
who has charge of water for his
master's use, chiefly when travelling.
93k32 [p. j^^^\] cidj. indecl. Juicy,
possessed of water; well-tempered
(sword, dagger and the like).
OJiaij iwep. with the pronominal suffix
of the third person sing. m. In, by
or through him or it.
6p{^ Xnep. with the pronominal suffix
of the third person sing.f. In, by
or through her or it.
lap! Parents (used only in plural).
iSflapl adv. Parentally.
loop! (^o ) [p. ^yb^ i^\ lit. water
and air] m. Climate, atmosphere.
i»o}^2 (fi ) [cs.] adj. m. Parental,
fatherly.
;^o*o^i, ^^00:^2 The qualities or
relations of the parents.
lisc^l^ ii^o^\'^ i^^^\ slang) jplur.
m. Progenitors ; Patriarchs ; Church-
Fathers.
632 [a.^\] Father, used only as a prefix
of compound names, as ^aujwiooi,
jloal. Comp. ai and wa2, in
3M&32 and p3ua2.
jzau^ooi m. A service book of the
Nestorian church, which was com-
piled and arranged by the author
of the same name who lived in the
last part of the twelfth century.
UoSilW^V- wi^b the pronominal suffix
of the second person sing. m. In,
by or through thee.
.oaoojl pre}), with the pronominal
J^ooJ
^?
suffix of the second person plur.
In, by or through you.
iHoal (i-^—) TuR. m. A vestibule,
the space between two doors; a
hall, passage, porch. Ass. abullu 'a
gate-way'.
;16ai iioai (;*— ) A Bishop or
an Episcopos (probably the Arabic
form, as L>y\ or libl 'our father').
l^oAoal, ;^a40L3l (^K— ) Sal.
I6f\ai6ai Episcopacy, episcopate,
bishopric.
aoeil [p- ^y^ a misreading of 3j>\ ;
lit. the water of the face] /. Dig-
nity, honor.
hoai ^ 'shameless, impudent'.
hoai l3kbo 'honorable, reserved;
respectable'.
hol^o^^oai [t.] adj. Hotch potch,
bosh, nonsense.
}^Q!32 (l'i\ ) wz. A reed used as spool
or bobin; a brick-mould or form;
a water-pipe; a scraper, Lidz. S. S.
424. 14.
;'^2 (;?— ) dim. ;io^i [p. f^.j^^] f.
A buckle,
^fsi (jf — ) dim. ^Offll Mt. m. A
marsh.
^f»f32, ;00O^2 [p.A. ^j^pT] (used
in a plural sense) The water of a
famous well at Mecca, called Ha-
gar's well; the pilgrims drink of it
and bathe in it; a proverbial ex-
pression for any good water.
li'^2, ^Dfsi (1}—) [P.y/] A
plow; ploughshare.
ya2 prep, with the pronominal suffix
of the first person sing. In, by or
through me.
^2 prep, with the pronominal suffix
of the third person plur. In, by or
through them.
yfll (jL*— ) [P- ^^] «^j- »»• and /.
Low or irrigable land, land arti-
ficially cultivated by irrigation as
opposed to ^3 which is watered
by rain.
This division of arable lands cor-
responds to that in the Mishna, Bab.
Bat. 3. 1, where the lands which
are watered only by rain are called
"pV^n ^^fci>, those which are artifi-
cially irrigated are called )''D'?tJ'n tV^.
^l (^A J [p. ^1] adj. indecl. blue.
^32 corrupt form of ^jii*32 A sage;
a monk (colloq.).
^i
vaual [h. n^3«] also called Jaacyf? ^yl.
The Jewish month, beginning at
the new moon of April (after the
Babylonian captivity it was called
^aIIcusI adv. In the manner of an
.OkSJ^; like an Ebionite.
^liou^I (ik ) adj. in. An Ebionite;
pertaining to the doctrine or reli-
gious sect called Ebionites; the
Jewish name for Christians in ge-
neral; a sect of Jewish Christians
who combined Judaism with Christi-
anity.
^^OkiouSl The religious system of
the doctrines and precepts accepted
by the Ebionites; conformity to the
belief of the Ebionites.
;^o*32 (;SJ — ), colloq. ^2 n. and
adj. Population, cultivation; popul-
ous, cultivated (corrupted from
ikpAyai).
Jiyai (^ ) Mt. m. A small axe,
a pickaxe.
y^al n. and adj. indecl. Habitation;
peopled, inhabited (corrupted from
9^2).
;i.iLa2 (;[i' ) [cs.] A monk, hermit; a
saint, sage; from Sal 'to lament'.
Arm. uiuiirnuii.
yj,iJ32 jjre^?. with the pronominal suffix
of the first person plur. In, by or
through us.
aJOOQ>a2 [p. yy ^^ (used in a plural
sense) The water of the river
Kauthar, in paradise, flowing with
milk or nectar.
iSai (^ ) [a. <^\] adj. m. Simple,
ignorant.
jVg? (juii ) Feminine of the pre-
ceding.
K*)j^i adv. Foolishly.
;^Q\3i, ;^eu^i, coiioq. ^sAsi
(;'isl—) Silliness, folly.
jgxSsl [a. ,jr^^^] m. Satan, devil;
^Ajj [a. ^3iol] adj. indecl. Black and
white, pie-bald, of various colors.
;^att^i (;&I — ) Diversity of co-
lors, variegation.
J32 prep, with the pronominal suffix
of the first person plural. In, by
or through us.
;iji TuE. Sons, boys, ^p is*2af laf
4s^i ^?o Jilsi 'behold thou art
es^i
without sons and without daughters',
LiDz. S. S. 5. 4.
JOOiiai [Gr. ipevo?] m. Ebony.
^sjJai TuE. Daughters, girls, Lidz.
S. S. 5. 3.
JlIIjjQjfli (it, ) Abyssinian, one of
the people of Abyssinia; the lan-
guage of the Abyssinians.
4s032 /. Avesta. See the following,
^U,**^!]/. Avesta, the sacred books
of Zoroaster; the language of the
sacred books of Zoroaster.
iJOal (iti ) [cs.] Tel. m. A sand-
strom, drifting sand.
laofibl [p. ^j_^ i~>^J m. The juice of
sour grapes, or of other unripe
fruit.
23di2 [p. c>b^ ^ ^i^- rain-water] /.
A water-course made to drain the
rain-water from the streets; a mill-
brook.
laai (2?—) [P- V^ ^1' ^j^^] *^' ^
kind of Persian striped shawl, worn
chiefly by women.
2aai (jiai) Tub. A son, a boy. ;i5
2a£32 5L^ea 'you will have no child',
Lidz. S. S. 3. 6.
ohai [p. 3^^ lit. 'the water of the
face'] Dignity, honor.
ijLysl, ^aai(;B_)[A.^.^\]TuE.
Alk. m. A jug with a spout, an
ewer, a urinal.
^yial [h. iJl^iS] Bow the knee. (Gen.
41. 43) ; probably of Egyptian origin.
Compare oaa oafl.
;aUA3^i (^— ) [P- <>-:^j^^ or (J^ji\]
m. Silk; silk-thread ; silk-cloth. Aem.
Jtaaii [a. o-tr?^] ^^i* ^^^^^c^- -^ pie-bald
(horse); spotted red and white.
;a^32 (;a — ) [p. ^^l^T] / An ewer
with a long and narrow spout, used
in washing the hands after meals,
and in ablutions.
;^2 (;X:— , i?^— ) [T- ^^] »'^- A
lord, a master, a nobleman, land-
lord ; a title or form of an address to
any respectable man, used among
the Mohammedans; mister, boss.
»aV2 Mt. v. i. To please, to relish;
to enjoy.
JLaVJi }a\2 m. Base words, con-
temptuous language (used only in
the plural).
oaSLi ult. interj. An exclamation ex-
pressing surprise; derision; o my ! my
gracious! gracious me! shame! Var.
y'iaXjf [a. ^^^^] ult. adv. Compuls-
ory, by force.
;i^i TiA. adj, A little, few. hiao
5U(ai i^A ^iliasou ^V\ ^ 'and in a
few days he was sick', Ledz. 80. 16.
^OoSt\l [t. jy^ 3^ lit. white nut] /.
some kind of disease; a medicine.
lo\l TiA. J. adv. Probably contracted
from the phrase, 2a Jo^i^ loll
'this time also, once more'.
loj!^, O^J, adv. This time; again.
30^2 [a. ^L^::-^] Alk. /. Urgency,
great desire. Lidz. S. S. 374. 7. See
ji^oJ^l r^__) m. A canal; an aque-
duct. Compare ^oua2. Aem.
uiq.nL^uij^ and p. <^iJS.
yho^l (;i* — ) [p. o^^^^] '^n. Aide-
de-camp, adjutant.
thicket.
J[4o\2 (^' ) [G- aycDvia] i?z. Agony,
pain, anguish; the suffering of
Christ in Gethsemane.
^qVJ (Ja ) m. Race; contest for
a prize; a place for the contest.
Compare the preceding,
jlioij (j» ) Mt. m. A pointed stick
for digging out edible roots.
^^qVJ ult. adv. Agonizingly, with
extreme anguish.
^^OAoVl (jS»* ) Contention for a
prize; agonism.
m. An athlete, agonist.
^oX 2 (jio ) ^^T. 9;i. A guide-post.
suburb, a small village which is
dependent upon a larger one near
it; a hamlet.
^0^2 (;&— ) [T.OSlsTplur.]/. No-
bility; a technical title for lords,
chiefs, etc.
J^pXl (^Ss* ) Lordship, mastership.
JfikI (jf ) [^' ^j'^^] /• permission,
license, leave.
^^'i^ (2? ) [P- ^^^j}^] w^' and ac?;.
A nobleman; well-born, well-bred.
^|«03f^2 {ii^ ) The state of being
a nobleman; nobility, nobleness.
v^^O^l (?!'—) [t. ^if^] m. A per-
cussion-lock; fulminating powder,
percussion-powder.
i^:^
10
*^?
^^2 (U—) [t. ^^] Mt. m. A lord;
a landlord; master.
»v\ ; [t. ^':^\] ni. A Young man;
brave, heroic.
2aAj (2'i ) Mt. m. Brave; rich;
smart in everything.
jOoA 2 adv. To-day (an erroneous
pronunciation of the word poupl).
l^scSj. (;K — ) Lordship, master-
ship.
iSAj i^'—) [P- J-:^^] ^n. A sheep-
cot, sheep-fold.
j4l^l[T.p..^bls\] adv. Masterly; gal-
lantly, nobly.
}JS03>*^2 Gallantry; nobleness.
u^*iiA^2 [T. ^^ ^ lit. 'bitter
herb'] /. In such a phrase as,
i.»^^>H>.lj ^a^ 'to gall one's
enemies'.
ajXJ (2 3— ) [A. ^r:^^] m. The mal-
treatment or abuse which a slave or
a hired laborer is liable to encounter
(the plural form is more common).
23yir2 (2d ) [cs.] Alk. m. A mer-
cenary; a hired laborer, a hireling
(euphonically spelled also 2a*^2)-
A^?3u\2, \3u3\j [t. '^\>/y\ m. Mount
Ararat.
;^3^2 {}ki — )/. A woman hireling.
J^aAi [cs.] /. A piece of silver;
earnest money; reward.
t^Jxi (iSs* ) ^ l^-dy; the feminine
of the title ;Ss2.
;s\j, (;a_, ;So_) [t. ^^^\] /.
Heel, A pivot or spur of a door.
See ^SAl.
iSi [a. J^l] /. The hour of death,
the predestined time, death; doom.
.■f ^S iSj [a. i-.^v3il] adj. Most, the greater
part.
^aS\2, }laS\2 [a. LJ^I] ult. adv.
Chiefly, mostly.
M-x!i%l (I'i — ) [a. p. ^^\] m. A
maker or seller of notions, a
haberdasher.
;3l4oS\2 (ia—) [k.] m. A frying pan.
^naHiX^^ (Uo—) [a- ^^-^^^]/- A com-
mittee, council; an assembly; a
session; congress.
{(sSiU [A' '^^] TiA. /. A carriage,
cart, wagon; Lidz. S. S. 179. 12.
Comp. ;^il^.
>g\ J [a. ^] 71. and adj. Persia, a
Persian; a barbarian (more cor-
rectly pS^)-
^,^\ J (jir^ ) [cs.]Mt. a water spring.
i^*^^
11
n
;1Lj4J (i.— ) [A. s.]/. ^_, «(!;•.
A Persian.
JsjQjifliy [A. p.] /. Persia.
AifliN^: (;ihi — ) [a. e^^^] '^' ^ i^ob'
a riotous gathering.
^j\l (pL Vcs.]/. A trough, a basin.
UQ>3\ i plu. [a. ^_/''-;:i.\] Goods, wares,
articles.
.^joAi ttdv. Then; again; this time
(slang).
J^so:^; (;!^— ) [t. a^^. i" lit.
of white hair]/. Duenna, an elderly
female attendant.
sbotii^i (:» — ) [t. O;^ ^T lit. 'a
hungry wolf] adj. A very hungry
person, glutton.
all [K. /\] Mt. Fire.
all [p. ^l] cowj. If, whether.
2ali> 3\^ [^-Z?-^] ^I'K' '^^- Reward;
compensation.
2aV i [cs.] w. Obstinacy. See preced-
ing.
I^HA Alk. i?i. A reward; wager, bet.
l^Hj. [a. «;'-^^] /. Interest, usury ; rent.
2a\ j^ [a. ^\_f^\] n. Executing, giving
effect or currency; issuing.
lifSk). (;^03 — ) [cs.] m. Roof; Ass.
genu
\?a!i,l (i^— ) [p. ^>/] f. A flat
loaf of bread, a cake.
'^?i%Jt (2? — ) [A.p.;b2(;l^l]in.and/.
A renter of lands; a farmer of the
revenue ; a lease-holder ; a monopolist.
;ftsODaa!^2 (4*—) [^■^•^'] The busi-
ness of renting or leasing ; lending
money at interrest.
A^au3\2, \?a5kj Mount Ararat.
;k.hi^ (;a— ) [T. ^^v^] /■• ^
pruning-hook, a pruning-knife.
JaaiLi [p- '^^^^] (^^^^' c^^i' Though,
although.
;^al^2 (ijn—) [T.<^=f/] A thumb-
ring, a club.
.aSLi [P- c)^;^J cidj- indecl. Dear, ex-
pensive.
uAslJ [!•• ^y^j^] /• scarcity, dearth.
;k'^l OK— 5 colloq. u;SJ— ); [cs.]
Mt. ^ ; Sal. l^. An epistle,
a letter. Ass. egirtu.
■axfriV ^ [a. ,_p>Ux;i&l] «^j. indecl. Per-
plexed, unsettled.
;^0da^2 (;K — ) Perplexity, un-
settled condition of affairs.
^^isVi ni' Alk. Master, landlord.
LiDZ. 460. 4. See f0.
a2 interr. pron. Which, who?
12
Os2
92) 92 A particle indicating the ge-
nitive form, as . 3hib9j^ 'of the
Lord'; b*p92 *ours'.
92) ^2 [cs.] demon. pron. This ^^Jj^^i
'to-night'; 1^^ 92 'what night?'
292 (2'SS?2) [t. <^T or ii>\] f. An is-
land, (phonetically spelled ihs*)-
2h2 Mother; grandmother.
' i
292 cidv. Now, at present, this time.
Yar. 2p6j, ^92.
v392 [a. c_j>i] /. Good manners, dis-
ciphne of manners ; etiquette; good
behavior; general rules of conduct,
as salutation, hand-shaking, re-
ceiving, rising, sitting, walking,
talking, sleeping etc. ,39 2 29lS9
'civil, courteous, modest', ahi ^
'uncivil, impolite, rude'.
v392 V. t. To train, teach, instruct;
II"
punish, p. p. ^?o2, /• ^^,902,
-^992, plur. J:39o2, 2)res. ^3092,
inf. ^092^. Ass. adahu.
^^922192 [a. ^:J^j\ l_;>\] Courtesy of
manners, discipline; etiquette.
;^Q392 (;&I — ) Courtesy; civility,
politeness.
;l392 (;i' — ), /. >^ — , ptcpl An
instructor, teacher, master.
'ysipl (29 — ) adj. m. and /. Ugly;
dirty; homely; odious.
;^09:392 (;K — ) Ugliness; home-
liness.
JiJ^gi adv. Probably the contracted
form of 16^ 2^2 'this time, now'.
9 92 V. t. To incite, stir, agitate; urge.
•II" '
2)res. 29092.
^992 (;*■ — ), /. 4s»? — 'i'M- Agi-
tator, disturber.
;>*992 (;&I — ) n. Agitation, dis-
turbance.
^oipl Sh. ant. demon. pron. This, that.
opjl see preceding. Yar. ^<7fo92.
092 The first of the four groups or
the three of the twelve letters
which represent the twelve months
of the Year, thus, October 2, No-
vember 3, December o, January
J, February ot? March oj, April 2,
May ^, June o, July 2? August
9, September f . This arrangement
corresponding to the "golden
numbers" is employed in the Syriac
calendar to determine the exact
dates of the months and days.
These twelve letters are, for con-
venience divided into the four
i?9i
13
&?l
following groups: ojdp, oai,
^opl [a. <^y\] Spices; drugs, also
^si (used only in the plural).
I6p2f (lo ) Alk. Lot, portion.
• osi V. t To season, to spice; p. p.
^e3o2, pres. ^oop2, inf.
^oai (pi,. ) adj.m. That which has
spices; well seasoned,
^opi [h. "'i'lN] Adonai, The Lord.
;iio?i (;i"— ), /• :^—,ptcpl The
one who seasons; a seasoner.
^sibai tt^i-/- That which has spices;
well seasoned.
^odI n. The act of seasoning, season-
ing.
^f si Mt. adv. This time last year;
last year.
yi32 Alk. demon, pron. This, that.
vlo;^p2; Jilai; m92 «(Zt^- Now, this time,
at present.
<Xi9j^7 iB'^suSJ^ ttrft^- To-day; now, at
present; Var. ousi, a»302.
/OOusi (= DV jin) Same as preceding.
^39^2, ^Ssksi, 23^92 Mt. ant. adv.
- ;oSj»)2.
ial MT.v.tandv.i./. JlSpl To bring
forth children, to be born; to lay
eggs. = iai.
;Lj|32 Mt. adv. Then, therefore, hence.
;LJkAb2, Mt. adv. m. To-night; last
night.
k^sj^ z. Same as preceding.
JsaiShi [t. p. ^U^y<^T]/ Islands,
archipelago, a group of islands.
5ia2 Adam; a man, human; ^Sf
^323 human; mankind.
;i«D2 (;&o — , colloq. ;^o — ); [cs.
;ioaI] Mt. ;^o — ; Sal. «;^o — ,
A husband's brother, levir.
lOahopi (^ — ) [g. aBafia?] m.
Adamant; diamond; any very hard
or impenetrable substance.
^/dobo^i (lH ) adj. m. Adamantine.
^^Ob032 The Adamite sect; human
being.
;^ob092 (jiK — ) The relationship
of a husband's brother; levirate,
the institution of marriage between
a man and the widow of his brother
or nearest kinsman.
^*ibp2 \Ia } w. adj. An adamite;
one descended from Adam, a human
being.
j&Okiibpi
14
Jti>»l
^^0*^32 Pertaining to Adam or
his descendants, or to the sect of
Adamites.
^l^euitfaZ? colloq. .^s*!j9?2 The rela-
tionship of a husband's brother;
levirate, leviration.
^ilbsal [p. ^^;^>^] adj. indecl. Manly,
nobly, in a dignified manner;
humanly.
^ai V. i. and v. t To become an
jiaZ; to perform the duty of marry-
ing the deceased brother's wife
[rare].
^a2 (jis*— ; colloq. «;Sv*— )
The wife of a husband's brother.
,^ii832 Alk. [a. ^>U.] a maid serv-
ant, a maid (a modified form of
.^aoai Earth; red clay, of which it
is said Adam was formed.
fiSi.;l|sb032, ^i;^b09i, adv. Terres-
trially.
;I»^bo?i, ;4^s>8?i (if— ;i— )
adj. m. Earthly, terrestrial; that
which is made out of 4si832.
^32 TuE. (= ^yl) To know.
jLd2 Tue. adj. Intelligent, knowing.
;L?2 (iL—) [A. UM] m. and/. A
demand, a claim; a lawsuit; arro-
gance.
^3.^32 (jjk ^adj.m. Arrogant, assu-
ming (pks2 ihiio is more common).
hhi (2a ) [Ass. adaru] m. The sixth
month of the year, March, answer-
ing to the latter part of Febru-
ary and the first part of March.
A. ^\>\', P. j)\>\, y>\.
23^2 [a. S)b\ lit. to make a thing go
round, or a going round] /. Means
of existence, living ; economy, practi-
sing economy; the conduct of
business.
23 3 i^ [a. *^>\] /. A pustular eruption
which usually occurs in children,
impetigo; the Persian ulcer.
.332 V. i. and v. t. To have or to
transmit the disease of impetigo.
p.p. U^302, /. 4a3302, ^3302,
2)lur. ^3302, pres. ;&p332, inf.
;&0332S'
;Ii332, ^332, colloq. ^33^^ (iLi — ,
;i"_) /. ^332«(^i. One who has
the disease of 2332, impetiginous.
>^332 The state of having or the
act of transmitting the disease of
2332.
;^.?il
15
;ko^2
^ai (jai ) [g. eIoo?] m. Species,
form, kind, fruit.
jtsi V. i. and r. f. To specify; to bear
fruit; to be like.
cr\l interj. An expression of surprise ;
i'
concession, moderation. Is it? All
right! pretty well!
(7j2 interj. An exclamation expressive
of contempt, dislike, or disdain.
Fob! fougb!
;o7: = y. Gaw. To come. P.P. ;lcrl.
See ;^:.
Jcy2, colloq. <7|2 demon, i^ron. This,
this one, lo, behold.
\%0]l interj. An ironical and con-
temptuous expression.
Oioila^l, Qiojl interj. An impassioned
exclamation expressing surprise,
admiration; desire; grief and the
like. O! ah! alas!
lafi^mi, l^tiyii, afiail adv. This
time, now. Yar. lai^i, o^i, lofil,
I'^kpl, ^3A32, ^aAp2, l^\^0]i,
1^^0)2, aAjCDOji. See ;Ia2.
oail (jl— ) [P- ^^] /• A gazelle;
an antelope.
J{sab2 (Jis* ) Mt. a large, circular ooi2 Mt. pron. He; it; that.
and deep tray, commonly of wood, i Jloojl (= oo? + loll) Odds and ends;
household effects; various things;
outfit; provision used only in the
plural.
^oaii ()ji — ) [a. J^y^\ originally
plural] /. Condition, state, situation ;
affair; case; fact; colloq. (3ayo2.
^Soori (;& — ) [a. 0M^.>^1 originally
plural] /. See preceding.
yOO]! Mt. 2^^'on. He; it; that.
^9072 (;i'_) [A. P. Jb-^ sT] uU. f.
Extreme sufferings of a sick person;
groan, sigh, lamentation.
2?f»3boriOrma'Z<i;colloq.3|ji03o07,
which is also used as a proper
name.
wiOli, ^c]2 TiA. pron. She; it; that.
^oi2 ult interj. An exclamation used
in calling or directly addressing a
person. 0! hey!
S,t,a\2 A note in music, sung in driv-
ing buffaloes or oxen when plowing.
\*ai2 (j^'—) [a- J^^] ttdj. m. and /.
A middle-aged (person), not old.
K. Jjt\.
;io\.0;2 (;^I— ) [A- s.] Old age, the
period of life preceding the old age.
^<^l
16
!^c,\
Uai'i, ^a\i [p. v^XaV] m. Quick-lime,
lime, plaster (used only in the sin-
gular form).
2aaaifcor2, colloq. laasoi [t.] n.
inded. Mortar; plaster; cement
(used only in the singular form).
i^a^ql (;!— ) [p. T. <_5s^5UT] m. and /.
A lime maker; one who deals in
lime.
iko^oi (jK— ) [P- T- S-] The
trade of making or selling lime.
233^072 colloq. adv. This time, now.
v^ofi [a. Jjb\] adj. and n. An in-
habitant; master, lord; a man;
always prefixed to other substantives
to form adjectives, which denote
one who is endowed with, possessed
of or fit for something, or belonging
to a place or profession, e. g.
9a. «^ 072 a man of experience,
an expert in any thing ; a workman.
^^^A.^o?! a believer in the
revealed religion ; a Musulman, Jew
or Christian.
^iflu2. «\a)2 a pious man, a
believer.
V
3m2. «^o;2 a Persian.
^jifl)2_ Atni a Musulman, an
orthodox Muhammedan ; a true be-
liever.
JSoSofi [h. ril^riK] Aloes tree or its fruit.
y^oi {if, ) [a. ^\] adj. m. and /.
An experienced (person); a good
manager; frugal, efficient.
;^oAor2 (^K— ) [^- S-] Experience;
thrift, frugality.
>7f\#SyV J^Qji [h. I3"*'?C^] Aloes tree
or its fruit.
^O^Sail = iioSSo] Hallelujah, with
a sense of asseveration.
.a;^i\\a!2 [a. t. ^^i^-^-aiAV] p. p. inded.
An aged person, of advanced age;
always construed with JI007 or its
derivatives.
Aoji V. i. and v. t. To be J^o^l, to
cause one to be J^af]l [rare].
;ko^cn2, Slaoojl [A. JUa\] /.
Deliberation; delay; neglect, negli-
gence.
Jtaoaii (^ ) [A.^Jr^^]c('dj.andsu'b.
m. and/. Foolish, stupid; a dunce.
;^atJl»a!i (;S^— ) [^- S-] Foolishness,
folly. Comp. i±boMi.
i^ml (ii— ) [A. P. J^'^] w^^- /• Ex-
treme sufi'erings of a sick person;
groan, lamentation.
^072 i-^' o^-**^^^] "*• Charity, good
deeds (used only as singular).
ii3JSiaj2 adv. Now, this time. =
lofi^L See h^fy.
^^o)l Ahriman. Var. Jio!ya]2,
jia]i TiA. adv. Still, yet. Lroz. S. S.
135. 12.
isdl Alk; Tia. jsojl pron. m. Thou;
II I If
you. See ^l.
J^mi Alk.; Tia. ^isml pron.f. Thou.
See ^isil.
iko^isail, ^isoi2, colloq. \Jscr2
[a. ^l.^2wl] /. Need, necessity, re-
quisite; occasion; urgency.
liso6slisa]2, ^isa]2 [a. i^L^l] /.
Circumspection, apprehension, cau-
tion, fear; care; heed.
;^o\i«^o;2, t!^JSo72 [a. JU:^i]
/. Probability, possibility.
Dignity, honor; respect.
^axSscr2 [a. ^Ux;;-*.!] Alk. Courtesy.
See .'paiif^2.
o2 (= o) conj. And. Duval Sal.
26. 14.
o2 interj. A word used to call, entice
or decoy birds.
17 ^oi
^62, o2» o2 demon. pro7i. m. He, it,
that, yonder, k. 1^1, &^X. See obf.
o2, o2, o2 interj. O! hey! ^^aa o2
'0 my father'!
o2 [t. 3I]/. The chase, game, hunting
of any kind.
62 (== ocj) cZe/". ar^. That, the, it.
<^03^ ^opi 62 'may God protect
thee'. 90JS23 ;a\y o2 "poy^^ya
'Esarhaddon; the king of Assyria'.
LiDZ. S, S. 3. 3.
lo2 TuE. V. i. To repair to a place,
to come into a house. Lidz. S. S.
340. 12.
^o2 (^ ) [t. <i^o/\] m. A nomad
tent, Tartar tent, a small black tent ;
usually a number of tents, a camp.
lisOuaoi [t. s.] The state of living in
tents; nomadic life.
23J302 Alk. A son, a boy. Lroz.
S. S. 200. 2.
A step-relation, half-blooded, p ^ ' ^
ji^o2 *a step-father'. ^o2 I^OUil
'a half brother'.
^02 (;i^— ) [T. 3^5^]/- A shrine;
a fire place, hearth; the abode of
the family. See following.
^^9^
18
Ar?*^!
S^el (;\— ) [T. 3^3^]/' A tribe,
a family, dynasty. jiJibaa uO)oJ^o2
'his family or dynasty came to
an end'; lit. 'his fire-place was
extinguished'.
^^o2 (^—) [t. ^j>\] m. A he-goat,
a billy goat.
.^S^ol (;S^— ) [T. s.] A small
tanoor; a small fire-place built
temporarily out of doors. It is
commonly made of stones or clods,
arranged in the shape of a horse-
shoe in proportion to the size of
the pot which is to be placed on
the top of it. Yar. .^|LAo2.
9o\o2 [t. ^c^^\] /. (used only as
sing.). Augure, omen, a good augury,
good luck; godspeed. <^03ol^o2
^ool ayuM 'May you be auspicious';
self sacrifice i^Jselso mOIOA^
.5o\o2^ 'he gave his life for
our good'.
^olo2 [t. Cj^^\] f. (used only in
sing.) Counsel, advice, admonition.
}^ou^o2, coUoq. .$l*i^o2 [t. s.] The
state of step-relationship, half blood.
2902 Mt. m. and /. A worthless,
(person); a firebrand.
23o2 (2'i — ) [T. &>o,\ or ^i>^\] f. A
room, a chamber.
u.X3po2 (jl— ) [t. i^^ ^^\]
m. and /. One who has the charge
of a carvansarai or khan; a
janitor.
A dealer in fire- wood, a wood-cutter.-
^j»3o2 Tab. m. Haycock.
o^ol inter j. An exclamation express-
ing pain, grief, sympathy, desire
and the like.
00)02 'ult. interj. An exclamation ex-
pressing a discovery, surprise, ad-
miration.
^oo2 adj. and n. indecl. Ill; wound,
pain (child's word).
>iSaioo2 Tub. pZwr. of >^oy2? Inhabi-
tants, people, Lidz. S. S. 11. 2.
^f Oo2 Mt. = ^ooof Ingredients.
Used only in plural.
.oo2, oo2 pron. coUoq. He = ooj.
239002 (2?—) [t. >)/] m. The
pouch between the cheek and the
lower jaw; mouth (slang).
9o2 (jf ) [P- j^^] tn. Tune; note,
air in music.
^fo2 (jl— ) [t. ^j3^] Uzbagee,
2>^f6l
19
^92
a Tartar dynasty; lit. 'one who
rules himself; independent.
23\5^f02 [t. ^jJij^^l] m. and /.
An uninvited guest, an intruder.
Ji^jSfo:(;ipi'_) [T. v^;y.] Mt. m. A
Turkish coin of a hundred piasters
or paras in value.
vJ^f 02 (^) [T. ^j or ^j^i] /.
Stirrup.
^f o2 (4sl ) Ash. /. A window.
St'^ol [a. t^5^]f' ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ff' -Assets,
domestic property, property.
9f o2 [a. ^>>^] /. An excuse, apology.
wiLl^Sf o2 [t. ^;)j3^] /• The plant pega-
num harmala or the seeds of it;
the seeds of belladonna.
wmOI [p. 2^3^ inter j. an expression of fear,
grief, pain and the like. Alas! woe!
299m02 Mt. adv. Each other, one
another. Var. 2dLm, ^9m.0l^,
jlSdo^, 2aM.o^, Sf. 23\o2.
^3kM02 (ji" ) wj- Domain, dominion;
a province.
;^0A3m02 (;SJ — ) [cs.] Dominion.
mm02 [t. ^5^] ult. interj. An exclama-
tion expressing joy and satisfaction.
?' V ia01 [t. ^l^^'] fl^^> and a^v. So many,
so much.
. eiaMM02 lilt. adv. As soon as, when-
ever.
^ol interj. An exclamation expressing
overwhelming sorrow; dire misery;
grief, heavy affliction and calamity.
^o2 is often used as a noun pro-
nouncing a curse, or invoking cen-
sure, as, ;Ioa^ wo2; J^l ^02.
fOu3*o2 [k. )\y-:^.^\ lit. the water of
onions, ult] Interj. and sul). An
expression of unconcern at what
has happened as, 'the deuce take
it'! what of it!
^02 (;* — ) [t. oy.3^] /• ^ play' ^
game, a trick, a stratagem; a de-
ception or imposition.
fSLiOuoi (;f — ) [T.p.jLJy.^l] m.and
/. An actor or actress, a player; a
tricky person. Var. f3LbOO*o2.
;^Of3L&aie2 (;S^— ) [t. p. s.] The
practice of an actor; trickiness. Yar.
yAN&Oooi (fi— ) [t. cj=?^y.3^] wi. and/.
A player. See ^3ao*o2.
]!^o2, oi^o2 Alk. Here he is, here
it is. Yar. at^Cfl, o?^ooi, o{^oai,
oi^OO), O^So, /• 6;S^o2 etc., or 2
instead of final en. See iXi.09.
^62
20
^o2
;ha*o2 (;S^) [t. <^-^.3^] /• Skirt, a
lady's dress ; the lower part or frock
of a man's coat.
93l*o2 (2'S — ) [t. p.^U-o.^l?] m. A
cotton cloth of various colors,
printed with comparatively large
figures.
0I62 [t.^^.^^] /• Reasonableness. See
uao2 (?^) [t. ct^/] m. and / A
hunter, a sportsman.
;^0uAe2 (;5J — ) [t. s.] Hunting,
sport.
^^o2 ■= jSrsl m. Moth, cancer.
Only singular.
^xkao2, ^auao2 [t. f^,>\ ^^T; lit.
three steps] A game of jumping,
in which the one who jumps farth-
est wins.
^S>^o2 [cs.] m. Care, concern; ma-
nagement, (rare).
^Ji^A>aao2 [Gt. eu^^apioxia] tn. Eucha-
rist, the Holy Communion, the
Lord's Supper; baptismal anointing.
C^is^ol [t. J-Ja ^3^; lit. three drums
or the third drum] /. A signal
drum which is beaten some time
before midnight, after which time
the people, if seen in the streets, are
arrested as transgressors; curfew.
^30902, yahc^ol [t. ^^^\ or
(»^^^\] m. and /. A precipice, a
very steep place.
Hoi = lHo^ (^— ) ^^T. A kind
of grass, gladiate.
^02 (;X;_) [T.^^\]f. A furrow;
a water-channel in a field made
for the purpose of irrigation.
^'02 (;ik;— ) [T. m «^- and / A
beast of burden, an ass, a
donkey.
:^oi (;il_) [t. ^V/j /. A hunt-
ing ground where game abounds;
a convenient place.
JSo5^o2, ?o^o2 [t. O^^-l^i] m. A
Persian coarse cotton cloth woven
on the hand-loom, with colored
printed pattern, Persienne.
xSoi (2?_) [A. ^V^l] /. Tribe;
children, descendants, offspring.
JK3kSo2 (;ai — ) [t. JiUJy.] Ash. m.
and /. A fellow traveler, an asso-
ciate; a lover.
u^oi [a. p. (Jp] ult adv. and adj. In
the first place, first of all; the
best.
^oi
21
^i62
^02 (jij' ) [a. j^Ul^l |}?2(n] m. A
saint, a sage; a hermit.
^^oAoi Extreme piety; devotional
conduct of an ^^o2.
&f^Ol (;K — , ;SJ — ) [cs.] lamen-
tation; a wailing song.
,y\.Sft? (iti ) [t. (^s:'^!] m. Measure,
a standard of measurement.
^*Yy\ A? [a. Lo J^l] TuE. adv. As soon
as ; at the outset, first, Lidz. S. S.
33. 21.
Aoi [a. V^l] lilt. adv. First of all,
first.
^^o2 (ji" ) [cs.] m. Affliction,
distress, grief.
^Ol (;» — ) m. and/, [t. ^^1, ^^^1]
Cholera.
;j3Lb8o2 (;&— ) [T- <*-^^] /. Hip,
thigh.
Jiabool cidj. inded. Topsy-turvy;
standing on the head. Yar. J3402,
.ObOQbOOl [g. ajitofJLov] ?h. Amomum;
stone-parsley; ginger; an Indian
spice-plant.
^ol /. Omega, ^, Rev. 21. 6.
9Mboo2 [a. ^<^^] /• Hope, expectation.
Yar. 906902, 90i&o2.
Jiaipo2 /. Alk. An eye. Lidz. 436. 6.
Comp. following.
;^o2, ;L^o2 [t. Uko^I, m] /. A
strong desire, a longing for; a pro-
tuberance on the face, believed to
be the result of looking with a
strong desire at something.
^llsiool Qji — ) [cs.] adj. An artificer,
skillful; craftsman; ingenious. Ass.
ummanu.
lisoilaool (jK — ) Artifice; craft;
skill.
3kbbo2 ctdj. m. and /. Stubborn, ob-
stinate; also a man's name (Gen.
36. 11); especially of the second
Caliph, ^ Omar.
>^s!i002 [cs.] Nation, people.
;2hoo2, ;l'^o2 (if—, ;*—);/.
4m1 J (idj. National.
iSfljl>^^02, ^*^kjai02 adv. Na-
tionally.
;^ai|sboo2, ;^oi|d092 Nationality,
nationalness.
- o2 inter j. 0! hey!
. 0^o2 ult.f. Hooting, hoot, (probably
a reduplication of . o2).
JiaLio2 adj. inded. Standing on the
head, upside down.
4??»
22
?l*i
;^o2 (;&— ) [T. <*^?--^y.] Mt. /. Lu-
cerne, trefoil, clover, sainfoin, k.
iSf^iS(,io2 lilt. adv. Evangelically.
;;ii^o2, coiioq. ;iSiiAo: (ij^);/-
^vSVi ^^: adj. Evangelical, evan-
gelic.
^oAS^oI (pk — ) [g. EoayYE^^iov] /.
Gospel, evangel.
l^fhSSt-iK^l Evangelism, evangelicism.
Evangelist.
;fr>oa^te^>o2 Evangelicism.
uaaol (;u! — ) [t. ^^^^ m. and /.
One who deals in flour.
^^ouo2 Onanism.
Jl£Sio2 denom. pron. This, that.
^*A>o2 [g. ouoia] m. A substance, a
being, essence, an ethereal or a
spiritual being.
^MfSool QL ) adj. m. Substantial,
essential, characteristic.
^SjqjoI Tel./. A wine-press ; a pond.
4wtDo2[i'. l-^^^^]/. Avesta, the sacred
books of Zoroaster; the language
of the sacred books of Zoroaster.
Var. i^s^h .^^2, HjfSohl,
plkaol, 4sAo2 (2? — , ;^ — ) [p.
^lX*o\ or >Lx*o^l] m. and/. A teacher;
a master in any art or profession;
an artificer; ingenious. It is used
as a title in the composition
of proper names. Var. ^gfDOCT?,
^^o2, ihi^l, ihlssol, ihisa,
S;^Ao2, LiDz. S. S. 122. 6.
;^Od;|oQ>o2, colloq. ;^ou^jQ>o2,
^^Ao2 (;5sl— ) [P- s.] The office
of an S^ftvjtao2; the state of being
an 9^^e2.
90>jQ»o2 (2*3 — ) [p.^^^^U^i] m. and/.
An artificer; a master in any pro-
fession.
;^0>a^A02 (;K — ) [?• S-] The work
of a master; anything well done or
made, craft; workmanship.
wA^jQ902 [t. lilU^^iJ s?*&. and a(^j.
Extra; something on the top of
another; a superaddition.
^o2 iw^er/ [a. <-s^\] An expression
of impatience or disdain; as, fough!
fob!
^o2 inter j. An expression of grief or
pain; as, oh! ah!
^o2 conj. And, also, too. See k^2.
^o2 [a. <^3l] m. A tumor or swelling
23
^?3o2
on the foot or leg of animals, chiefly
the horse.
^e^o2 ult /. To ejaculate ^o2
in impatience or grief.
. j^^ol OLdv. Though, although; even.
>lS^o2, js^i conj. Niether, not even.
^^oi, "p^^oi [p. c^lj^] ant inter j.
Bravo, well done.
t^OwO^ [a. Jy^\ pliir. of J-ol] /.
used as sing. A plan, a method,
manner.
^m02 (Phonetic form of Sl^Jool)-
a master; an expert in his
trade.
iSoILm02 (iS' ) m. [Russian] A
chair, a stool.
23^02 (i^ — ) [cs.] Ash. m. and /.
A storeroom, garnary. See 22t^l.
JOOaltiol (lio ) [G.wxeavo?] Ocean.
ItLutiol Oceanic; oceanican.
^xiooi CjX ) Affliction, distress. See
lliioL, LiDz. S. S. 259. 6.
60^o2 [a Cj^^\ plur. of ci-o^, lit. times]
/. Assets; resources; state; means;
circumstances ; condition.
hoi (23 — ) [t.^^_^, a. 0;^^a]/. a
cry for assistance; as inteyj. help!
help! K. )^^ = Soof.
Dp2 V. i. and v. t. To enter, to come
or go in; to penetrate; pierce
through; engage; to undertake; to
arrive; to come into possession of
something. 2^- P- 2%ol, f. ;^Sm.o2,
:plur. 2auo2, pres. 2^o^, inf. 2io)S.
23o2 (23o2m) v. n.m. Entering, going
in. 23 o2 23 o2 'while going in'.
?^\1 23 o2 'ingress and egress'.
See aaL.
It
23o2 (^^03 — )/• A manger, a stall.
23o2, 230or (23 — ) [p. ^j\^] adj. m.
and/. A vagabond; bewildered.
^!i302 P' P- Cramped, convulsed;
from verb ^iivsi.
;i^3o2 (Ja — ) [g. opYavov] m. An
organ; a medium.
6ss^jXji62 ult, adv. Organically.
;^QS^3o2 Organism.
;Is^3o2 {ii—) cidj. m. Organic.
J^33o2 (^—)[T.^>j)^\]f. A duck.
03302 »w. Urdu, Hindustani.
V403302, 09302 (j2 — ) [t. c5^>;3^
^>j^\] f. A camp, an army, a horde.
;^33o2 same as ;^4S3o2 (^ — ) [cs.]
/. A large pack-needle.
^'^ho2V'P' Curdled, coagulated; from
verb 2332.
^?302
24
^ael
4^33o2 A duck. See ^aaol.
^aihol (JI ) ttdj. A man of Urliai.
yjEDOSOl (U ) an adj. with Arab-
Pers. ending. Russian style ; Euro-
pean windows. Shoes with high
heels, to be distinguished from
yj^. Any Russian or European
thing which has been introduced
through Russia.
;ILq)09o2 (;!' — ) /. /^ — , adj. A
Russian.
Ifhol (;i'f— , ^—) [K. n)j,^\] A
male; a vigorous man; plant which
bears only staminate flowers.
Jl^fSOl (^ — ) tn. Stamen, stamina,
filament; pith.
}^a.fSo2, coUoq. ^fso; (;SI — )
The fecundating faculty; vigor.
^0019992, ^O3b0f3O2 (if^ /.
A masculine woman, a female hav-
ing the likeness or manners of a
man; hoiden; a barren woman.
;^9o2 (;& — ; coiioq. [l;Sg2»— ) [cs.]
/. A road, way, course; passage;
journey, travel; method; the proper
way of doing things; religion.
^iu^p ?-^3o2 gallaxy.
c\ap lis^iiOl 'presents given
to some responsible persons at the
time of escorting a bride to the
house of the bridegroom';
^2s ^302 'such a present to
the master of the town or village';
oXmS ^9o2 'such a present to
the uncle of the bride';
^A^iol, ^^Ol (^— , ?*— ) [S. T.]
m. and /. A traveller, a passenger,
a journeyman.
;^fluaJ»902 (jlK — ) [s. T. S.J Tra-
velling, journeying.
.Of*902 (2* ) [g^- 6ptC«>v] Horizon.
^^O^aSoI cidv. Horizontally.
^09*902 (jT ) adj. Horizontal.
^902 M. A part of the breastplate
of the high priest among the an-
cient Jews, the Urim.
;aub09^e 5aU3o2 [h. D^brii Dn.^«] w.
Urim and Thummim.
Jkbol (pk ) Naked, nude (more
correctly ^aoi-).
JO^hoi Mt. m. A kind of coarse
cotton cloth.
^302 (;&*—) /. The Old Testa-
ment; Pentateuch.
^902 (^ ) [t. cj-O^^] ^^^' A saddle-
girth made of hair and used chiefly
^loiio'i
25
tS^&Xfi
to bind a pack-saddle, a belly-
band.
^9oi (usually followed by ^^30^;
as, ^3o^ jb03o2) m. Descendant;
progeny, offspring (of lower animals).
Comp. p. <kycj.
lUfJsohol, JLlifu^902, colloq.
|Lafy.b09o2 (;la — , colloq. Z,^ )
m. Mt. adj. A man of Urmi.
|l*Lb09o2, ^Ilboaol Ash. see preced-
ing.
^IsJaoosAM A Greek, t. ^t<^^^.
i^^kOiil^S'oI Orang-outang.
iMhoX (^' — ) m. Delay, hindrance.
y03u\tif>02 [g. eupoxXu5(i)v] ?w. Euro-
clydon; south-east wind.
23302 (2'5 ) [g. topapiov] m. A
stole; a girdle (more correctly
239Qm)-
^l>«3o2 (jlK — ) w. Entering, entrance;
beginning.
lishol (j.6s'^ — ) /. Poplar tree; a
beam or timber put across the roof
to support it. Ass. uru.
aaishol [t. s-'^'*^!;^^] ^^i- *'w^ed
Middle sized; a middle aged per-
son; mediocre.
^jCa^o9^9o2, jQ»ao9^9o2 (la )
[g. ^p&oo6$o<;] adj. m. Orthodox.
?ij>fi). a eB^Be2> ^^ouQxao9^9o2
(jl'~-) [g. 6pao5o$(a] /. Orthodoxy.
^*da\^OiS902 (JU' — ) [g. 6p&oYpacpia]
/. Orthography.
^iA^53u^0^902 adv. Orthographi-
cally.
jiI*53^oJS9o2 (jT — ) adj. m. Ortho-
graphist.
^&OM53i^OJS9o2 Orthographical art,
orthography.
^JS302 (^ — ) /. A large pack-
needle.
v^JS3o2 {if,-—) [t. ^J)i\\ m. A
cover, a wrap.
fau»a:o2 (;f — ) [t. p. jb ^li^i^l] m.
One who is guilty of sodomy, abugger.
iko^a^ol (;K — ) [t. p. s.] Sodo-
my, buggery.
;boio2 [h. «i-y^in] Hosannah; also
used as a name of a person.
yvwi^? The branches of the red willow
tree, which are used on ^axOMt
^iiSaiol^ 'Palm Sunday'.
\36tAo2 [t. J^ ^^\] f. (Phonetic
form of Xa^o2) A signal drum;
curfew.
4^^o2
26
9bXbat2
a chamber, a pavillion.
^>ii \koi 'court of justice'.
^ eHjsol [t.] p. p. Lost, disappeared.
aisosoisol [t-]p-P- Grreedy, craving.
(Slang.)
w««30iSo2 [t. i3^y3^] (^dj. indecl. One
who establishes himself somewhere ;
a resident.
u£se2 (JL — ) [t. ^Ji^\] m. An ironing
instrument, an iron, a pinking iron.
uiiNOl l^ffTf 'to iron, to pink'.
yOCxifkOl [t.] p)' P' Lost, disappeared
(another form of writing ydiLisol)-
ui9^o2 [t. ^jy^\] adv. and adj. Glanc-
ingly; transiently; inaccurate.
If^ (^—) f. A goat. See ;^.
yaauflfi [p. <^^sL^^l] conj. Because,
for the reason of.
9t3fi [p. j^j\] f. Memorization,
publicity. Construed with aaL, e. g.
Mfi aa^ 'to memorize'.
. Ok^fi (ji" — ) [t. o-^J^] <^dj. m. and
/. Clever, smart.
^^Qio^fi Cleverness.
Df 2 (2a ) [v.>\Ji]adj.m.2iTidf. Free,
independant; liberated, exempted.
;arsf 2 (;!'_, coiioq. Zim—)[P'^j>j^]
ult. A dragon, a large serpent; met.
a large and violent person or animal.
03f ^ [t. ^>j\] adj. m. and /. A con-
temptuous term for an untrustworthy
person, a liar. (Probably from ^Sf 2).
;^e992 (;K — ) [P- s.] Freedom,
liberty, independence.
yi3f2 adv. Freely; fearlessly.
^9f2 (?!'—) [P' ^^.j^.] Izedi or Ye-
zidi, a devil-worshipper.
Jo/aafi [p- ^j^j^ ult. m. A dragon,
a large serpent (another form of
writing Jorafl)-
aof92 [A.^L^gJil] Manifestation, making
something public.
yiOfi [P'(3b_)^] ult. A kind of spice;
aloes; dried juice of the Socotrian
aloe.
2aaOf2 [p- ^^_)j^^P'V' i'^^ded. Distress-
ed, afflicted.
Ji2^2 Mt. /. Trouble; torment. = 6^9 2.
^^2 (X^ ) [P-j^.i*]»w. Dear, beloved;
(more correctly ^fL)<
^ifi {i^-~) [a. ^^.>^]/. Annoyance,
trouble. Construed with tJk!3^.
a^iCdaf 2 (2a } [Aem. iui^uiu^^] ult.
adj. m. and/. A patriotic person (a
A,2
27
>^!»'»?
word introduced into Syriac dur-
ing the Armenian massacres, which
began in 1894).
Sfl [cs.] Mt. v. i. and v. t To spin
(usually written J^fL).
^f2 V. t. and v. i. To go, to walk; to
advance; to get along; to escape;
to pass away, to pass; to last. p. j)-
;S^;3, inf. ^'fjS.
jL3f2 Alk. See preceding. ^f2a
'he goes'. >l^f23 'he will go'.
JJ^ii (;iSf2bo) V. n. m. Going. ^f2
;Sf2 or ^f^fl ;Sf^ 'while going,
I I*
step by step, by degrees'.
^fi Alk. jj^cjjZ. m. One who goes,
transient; a traveller.
Jjlf 2 W2- «**^. Yarn, fibre. See ^^.
y^fi [a. J,j\] ffl^Zf. and acl;. inc^ecZ.
In the first place ; without beginn-
ing, everlasting. See J^o'l ^^^
;lLa^2.
^sAfi (pk — ), /. >^siSf2, ptcpl One
who goes or passes. See ^f2.
^fi n. Going, walking.
ObOf2 [cf. T. c^xo)^!] /. An inflam-
mation of the skin attended with
exudation of lymph, causing con-
siderable itching and smarting, ec-
zema; a kind of herb.
;3lQh092, }AOti:o^l (^'— )' /• '^— '
adj. eczematic, pertaining to ecze-
ma, afflicted with eczema.
'^ya^^l (j'S — ) [k. p.] adj. m. and /
Orator; eloquent; linguist.
^^oapobbfi Oratory; eloquence.
jMf 2 [t. cj^j^] P- P' indecl. One who
is gone or led astray, strayed or
lost. Construed with 2oo? or adlL.
yfl (jl»lf — ) [a. ^>\] f. Permission,
a permit.
^2 (;*'— ) [A. o^>^] /• A Moham-
medan's call to prayer or the for-
mula which is proclaimed three
times a day from the top of a mi-
naret or from the roof of a mosque.
ao^fi (2'S — ) [p. jsi^j^] nt. and /.
met. A large and strong person,
(probably Asnapper or Asurbani-
pal).
3f2 [a. <*iU>i] /. Interest on money;
exaction; increase.
3^2 (23_)![p.^y]/. Trouble, vex-
ation, grief; sickness, disease.
^Ul (%^'—) [a- J^bi*] The
angel of death. See i!i*23f4'.
^i^
28
DUkl
^^l [a. ijs.] f. Honor, respect; (more
correctly ^^).
^iinterj. Fie! oh! alas!
.2 'to
heave a sigh', a. ^1.
;^i (;j;i, ;^a:i) Tel. a brother, a
friend.
wmO^LmI (^ — ) tdt. f. Groan, sigh,
trouble, a. J J.
fOO^i = f oo^lV^I a disease, a me-
dicine.
293tM2 Mt. adv. Each other, one
another.
yO^l [p. oy*-^] ^^^* -^ Mohammedan
theologian, a learned man in law
and theology, a doctor.
ikoJl Mt. ;la-i (;&o_, ;^o—
^'iNoi^i, ^i^O^i) A brother; a cou-
sin; a friend; a companion.
JS*^QM2t<^^. ac^t?. Brotherly, fraternally.
9aQm2 (is — ) [p. ^^T] m. A Mo-
hammedan theologian, a doctor.
See ^ou«2.
}frkQ&OM2, }JseiA&QM2, colloq. .^ou*2
Brotherhood, fraternity; friendship.
a 0^2 (2 a — ) [p.^^\]/. A manger,
a stall. Arm. iu\unp.
See .^M^.
\fiw2 [cs.] Omnipresent, God.
^*m2 (^' ) [cs.] Alk. m. A relative.
}JS01mm2 Relationship.
.00^2 H^t af?z;. As soon as; when,
whenever.
>^Qa^2, U^&oaM2 dim. adv. So
little, as little as.
itT^Mil cidv. and adj. Only, simply;
alone.
?*n\f ui? [h. ^ll^bniS!] m. A precious
stone, amethyst.
2 90baM2 Annoyances, grievances (used
chiefly in the plural).
^^tOaodOu*! Annoyance, grievance.
J3ba**i colloq. (;S — ) [a. J^^^^J m.
and /. Foolish, fool. See Jabpoji.
^^1 Tub. We. See ^2.
^oLi*2 You, ye (colloq.).
yA^i, ^M**l we (colloq.).
. O^SiOMi GuL. Alk. You, ye (colloq.).
^2 [cs.] We.
xJl [a. yC\] f. The end, conclusion ;
destination; the future life.
3^2 [a. y^y] adj. m. and/. The last one,
final. 23^23 9mi2 finally (colloq.).
5u*2 [a. rsJ\] idt interj. Prefixed to a
sentence for the sake of emphasis;
e. g. Im 9mi2 'of course', 'exactly',
~ f' It
l5-i
29
j^i
^<iOiSO ^hiol m90^ 9wy2 'what
did I tell you'?
23u«i, iSiMil Excrement, dung (used
only in the plural). ^LO^S I'SmI
[lit. the excrement of the frog,] A
green film which floats on stagnant
water; an herb that grows in
water. ^fS^3 23^1 'iron slag'.
ihmi V. t. To discharge matter from
the body. See ly^.
^y^, colloq. ;^3u^2, ^IHwmI, Sal. ;ISm2
(j^ ) [cs.]m.adj. Last, final; back,
behind.
^JSOji3mi2 Backwardness, slowness.
^3m2i2, Tia. ;aua^2 adj.f. Last, final;
back, behind.
4s*3tM2 n. Voiding excrement.
;i£L2, mt. ;lyj2, TuE. ;l'yt^i, ;a}Li
^ A ' J* ^ 10 It ^ tt
Qa^ — , JLi.3 — ) [cs.] adv., adj.
and pron. m. More, again; other,
another.
^XmI ^o* 'the day before yester-
day', 'the day after to-morrow'.
Jsau^i [a. 'ij^\] f. The future life,
the end.
^khJitl sub. and adv. f. The end, the
conclusion; afterwards, backward.
See ;|i,a^.
;^iL2, Mt. l^hj^, l^y^l pron. f.
The other one, other, another.
jzauuii A namesake. wiox»«2 'my name-
sake'.
^i (;is — ) [P- ^^^\ or jkSl] w. A
castrated, gelded (horse).
^i (;S» — ) [p. ^X^l or jkSl] m. A
willow tree that is cut down to
about three yards above the ground
in order to produce more branches;
and the branches are kept cut off
every third year, or so, for firewood.
^JSmI, colloq. y6siO>^2, o^e^Mii,
<^0JSm2, Mt. o6sm2 [cs.] pron. Ye,
you.
ftl^^;; [a.^'^^^]/. Will, choice; se-
lection; option; preference.
alKMjl [t. ^^^^\] ttdj. m. and /. in-
decl. An old person, old.
;^93I^m;; Old age.
s^JHif^l [a. i>^U^l] /. Confusion;
intercourse, (rare).
«iw3£SM^ [a. ^\y^\]f. An invention; a
contrivance.
J^o^ 2 ("^ ) [g. axofio?] m. Atom,
a particle.
utpS^i (;»— ) [»• ^^^««] /• ^^
atlas. See wQ)3^2.
^a^i
30
2a»2
■j^ S,\ \ (Up ) [A.^y^<^\]m. Atlas;
a silk satin. See joOJsi.
;^03\i (ji^^^ [CS-] m. Citron,
apple, (rare), a husband's brother.
v^a^i (if.—) [a. c^1>\] i?i. and/. A
subject of a certain landlord who has
property in another landlord's soil;
a foreigner; an outsider. SeCy^aisi.
y,2 Mt. a prefix placed before the
present to make it of a generic or
continual character, and occasion-
ally before the pretrite, e. g. ,s,»aul
'he stays', ^2 *I like', ihlso^l 'be
said', LiDZ. S. S. 92. 6. ,^2 cor-
responds with 2 and * also Mt.
dialect, and Jb Urmi dialect.
ui2 = Jb) TuE. def. art f. The, that.
;^>Jk^L.2 'the epistle', Lidz. S. S.
13. 17.
m2, «i = uOJ pTott. /. She, that.
y^l interj. An exclamation expressive
of pain and fear.
w>2 Mt. (shortened form of the word
iSfl) There is. Jj^l or uaS^2 'I
am able', <^odu2 'thou art able'.
^2, ^2, Ash. 1^2= ^ujpron.f. colloq.
She; that, that one; this, Lidz. S
S. 91. 12.
^2 = ^2 Gaw. To come. See Jfis2.
23m^2 (23 ) Alk. m. A mercenary; a
hired laborer, a hireling. See 23A 2.
6lkt,2, oauaui ult, interj. An excla-
mation expressing surprise, derision,
contempt. my ! my gracious ! shame !
Yar. oa\i, OOtii. Probably a de-
rivative of the word Jauig, a. <— ^^.
JiLi ttdv. Then, afterwards; when.
aiL»2 , [t. C^^J] m. colloq. A youth,
a manly youth; a brave man.
la^'2, a^2, laf^2, lc^!i^2 adv.
Then, afterwards, when. See JiLi.
J,^iL2 [a. ^j^^ /. Permission, licence,
leave.
AiJ^2 (;JL-) [T. j^i] /. A
needle-gun.
2>t,2 Mt. pron. indecl. "Which, which
one; when?
2>*2, [cs.] dual. 2'i*2, plur. >^3u.2, colloq.
«;^|u2, Ash. ;fisau,2 /• Hand;
power, authority; control; agency;
skill; ability; time. ^jJi 0JSLaJL3
'it is in his power'. ;!Sk* a]>^2 ^»Qmi^
'he is or it is under him'. ^ ^^'^
1^^^ 'I cannot afford', f^ 2ai«
'jS^t 23mi23 'he is skillful in hand'.
2^2 233 'to start'. 2^*1^ 233
lauX
31
'to deceive', op JsA 23l<.2 'lie has
no right', ^^ooj ;S uSuI 'I had
no time'. 2au2 ^DLb 'within reach'
or 'at hand'. 2^2^ ^ ^^\ 'a kind of
bread'. 2a*23 ^iCd*ti 'cane'.
29u2 is used as the first element
in many compounds; as, 2au2
;No5 'right hand'. ik£ka 2au2
'left hand'. ^S**©^^ 2au2 'gene-
rosity'. ;^^oSmm 23kA2 'nigard-
liness'. ^s V' ^^ 2au2 'dishonesty',
'stealing', ^rt^^o 2ak*2 'empty hand',
'poverty'. ( 4 h V \ 1 23u2 'helplessness',
'poverty'.
23u^2kii2 adv. Immediately, at once,
(lit. hand in hand).
99m2 also Dauo? fp. >\'^}] inter}.
jusfice! help! See 33.
93^39u2 [p. ■>^^>^^^'>-?J] interj. A
stronger form of the preceding.
\yi3kti2 Mt. pron. indecl. Which,
who.
^y*l (i^o— ; colloq. u;Sso_) ;Mt.
;]^o — ; Sal. ;Sso — w. A hus-
band's brother, levir.
;^Oub99u2 same as ;^ouS03|^ The
relationship of.
^3^2 (;K— ; colloq. ^;^r_); Mt.
^r /. The wife of a husband's
brother.
^3m.2, 4s^,?u. Tue. Knowledge. See
^■>^-
%<ail colloq., Sh. ^xajLi pron. f. That
one, that. See y,of.
oo>2 [p. (33-(-?.L*] interj. An expres-
sion of weariness of long ex-
pectation. See oo?*07.
uO^i, ;o^i [p. ^}] ult. interj. 0!
halloo! hey!
^oa^i interj. help! help! =
hao^ai. See abi and abo/.
Joroli colloq. Sh. li.6lo^2 pron. f.
That one, that. See ^a},
uO*2 [p. t3^yj] wZi. interj. Ah; alas!
woe! a compound of ^^2 and ^o,
v^SSff\t\ [P- A. <*<Ijy.iJ iwter/. Bravo!
well done!
yOt,! (Ja — ) colloq. yO*m [a. ^\^\]
f. A summer chamber with an
open front; a portico; a verandah;
an open gallery.
^2 (;f — ) [t- j^}] /• A foot-mark,
a foot-print; a track, a trace, a
trail; a clue. wOfOfO^ ^0/09*2
ftsi.S 'he is or it is without any
clue'.
2^V>>
32
^1
lal^fjil (: >Jk>^_) [cs.] m. A messenger,
an ambassador. Comp. p. cX^X^oi.
^|u2 Mt. v. n. Spinning. See J^'^.
tS'i^I Mt. v. n. Going. See ^f2.
^f*2 Mt. n. Going. See ^f2.
060^2/. Eczema; a kind of herb.
. ^2 [a. uLl] a(?y. Exact, same.
is\*l [a. <*<3U.1] /. Interest on
money; increase.
^9uMi.2 (^— ) -A- single person; a
monk. ^9umm2 ^03k3 'only son'.
See ^auMA.
5^1*2 [g. eita] adv. Then, afterwards;
(commonly written ^1).
^o\o^ft.y^2 (j,* — ) [O- ixufAoXoyia]
/. Etymology.
^JA A\ As«<Ay ^ ? adv. Etymolo-
gically.
;ill\o^oboo\,>2 (?!'—) ^# wi. Ety-
mologist.
290^*2 Mt. ant. adv. Now, this time.
See 290^.
290^*2 Mt. ant. adv. = 29 o^ u,07
Then, that time.
^IlSil*2 (il ) adj. m. An Italian.
m2; \m2 Mt. pron. f. She. See y,a).
^2 Mt. same as ^, A furrow.
yni»*2, 9030^2 [p. ->--^ -^^-^J] ^4/-
indecl. A room or suite of rooms
lined with mirrors and other glitter-
ing surfaces; a window which is
partly made of mirrors or glass;
(written also aiaL,^).
^2 prep. Like, as, about, nearly;
according to. Yar. 5U*2so, ^oo^.
^2 [cs.] adv. Where? whither? It is
also pronounced Jak*2> colloq. ^,
Ja, Jla, Ledz. S. S. 118. 5. Duval,
Sal. 54. 18.
\^atC>*l "Whereabouts, (from ^sul)-
Ha^l V. n. Eating, Lidz. S. S. 101. 2.
See i^l.
jSK^tl Victuals used in the house of
the bride during the wedding,
which are usually paid for by the
bride-groom.
4s^2 n. Eating. See H^^l.
^^Oulfiyii [cs.] Condition, situation;
quality.
^>-i ^f% i.2 [t. j,-o<*.;is^^T lit. the bear's
|liS^] A small kind of JiSfla.
JS9>9ui2, ^&Atl Mt. ant. adv. Then,
that time. See jiiLi.
^2 God.
t
^
33
iaxa^l
^i (iS'_) [T. J..1] /. A tribe, a
family, a dynasty.
J^2 (>ii— ) [cs.] m. Stag, deer, hart,
wild goat.
)!^2 Mt. m. Supplication, begging.
■VV^ [t. ^}]f. Monthly, monthly
wages.
i\Vr-? [t. ^\] })i. Marrow; essence.
Yar. ^2, ^2, S^2.
J^^^|X*2 [t. jJ^j, 3=f^^-\] adj. indecl
Tepid; soft-boiled (egg).
^6S>dl, y0^2 [Ass. ululu] m. Elul,
the tweKth month of the year, Sep-
tember; answering to the latter
part of August and the first part
of September. Aem. I'l^'-L
yX^i, ^A*2 [t. o^^-^] The prince
of a tribe; a title of the Mogul
emperors; a commander.
^^oouX*! The office of an
^JLz, ^siLl [t. ^^.] Mt. /. A vest,
waistcoat. Var. ^^2, )^2.
a\*2 Marrow. See VV?
y^\4 (j-j— ) [T. ^==^^1] An am-
bassador; a messenger, a go-be-
tween.
2^eua\*i [T. s.] Embassy, the
mission of an ambassador or of
a go-between.
.^:a\.2 (;^I— ) /. The tail of an
Asiatic ram. See ^^l,
JSkba^i [t. ciUi^J] a^i- ^/ic^eci Public
property, common.
^Ajyi2 (^" ) [cs.] m. A fruit tree, a
tree.
JiS^l [h. ^"n^ ^«] Almighty God,
I" « ,<
Omnipotent, God. See Jyi^l.
7 ' f
^l (;S,_) [T. OU?3]] /. Tribes
(especially nomadic). JSJ»*i origin-
ally is the plural of \a2.
,^2Sy,2 [cs.] Mt. coZZ. /. A fruit tree,
an orchard; fruit.
4s^i iX'^ ) Huid, the feminine
of the stag.
JiOui Alk. j9row. ?w. and /. Which,
which one of? See ^l,
^iiO*2 adv. When (colloq.). See Jja*2.
\ ^- \ [a. cr^)i c?-r*^] ^^^i- ^tidecl.
Peaceful, safe, faithful (used of a
person).
M*Lbou2) wi*^a*i «(^> indecl. Secure,
peaceful, safe (used of a place).
;^0uLbA*2, colloq. ^.^1.2 Peace,
security, happiness.
y«^y>. 3 his^ ^ m. Day-time, day.
^2
34
aSLl
^2 [cs. ^itdjil) adv. When, what Var. 2yi^, lyi^l, laouidl, 23QttA.
time, whenever.
^2 [a. ^U^.l] m. Faith, belief;
Islamism ; religion ; conscience.
.ft'%olio»2o ^oJNMii 'I address your
good faith'. Duval, Sal. 40. 17.
J>bOu2, u&ba*2, = J^ uju2 or ^2
uOUibO Which one of them?
fAH^2 [a. t. j-^Up\] adj. indecl.
Unbeliever, infidel; unjust, cruel. -
^2 [cs.] Tub. adv. Yes, yea.
^Ipron. She. See ^o).
9dixL2 [p. ^-o <*.xJT] «(?;. m(?ecZ. A
room or suite of rooms lined with
mirrors and other glittering sur-
faces; (more correctly aoaL*!).
yioi pron. indecl. Which, who? Yar.
yi9wi2, 2b9ui2; contracted forms ^2,
;au2, ^2, 5^2.
Jl^ouL2 (i'ia* _) [cs.] State, declen-
sion, case, quality.
M^2 [t. J-^J] a needle-gun. See
A3^2. Yar. Aul, ALii.
;iiLt3ii*2 TuE. ativ. = Utii ^oj When,
while then. Lidz. S. S. 3. 5.
vA^Q^^O*2 [g- slaaYtoYrj] ^)2. Isagoge.
230UQ»*2 (2a — ) rn. Band, tie, fetter.
See ajfal
JQ>*^^2, uOft*V<&»2, .o^jQal2 [g.
taoTTi?, laoTttv] wi. Jasper, ruby.
ysjjui adv. = aJUa ^oj Then, that
time.
2ajcayk2 (23 — ) Alk. m. A bond, a
fetter; (more correctly Jatt2).
ihfijt,! Alk. »w. Ascension, ascent,
a going -up, Luke 9. 15; (more
correctly ;ilto2).
^3^2 ttc^v. That time. See ^ajtul.
23M.2 (2*3 ) >w. A rock, precipice,
a large stone, /. ^^3A*2 a small
rock.
}AbOQiatJLk2 [g. oixovofita]/. Economy.
£S*^IbOOiOLC3L2 ac^v- Economically.
^MbOOAQiaL2 (ji^ ) adj. m. Economist.
lyjQjj,! (23 ) til- Honor, respect;
glory.
hll, Mt. al2, [Ass. mnt] lyar, the
sixth month of the year. May;
answering to the latter part of
April and the first part of May.
iLl 3*2 (23—) [A. ^.1] The male
organ of generation.
33*2 [a. >\j}\] f. Fault; charge;
objection.
;aaL:
35
jfiKAkSo^i
^9yi2 (U ) ^^i- ^' -^ native of
Iran, a Persian.
uiJS>*I [t. (^^^J «£?;'. mcZecZ. unbecom-
ing, misfit; incorrect.
yj^2flJK*i [er^l^r .iUoJ] The chief
usher at a wedding or feast.
M, [cs.J Mt. ^2 Is, are. J^Ml have
Var. ^2, N*2, ^*2, >>l, Tim.
^*a, Lmz. S. S. 15. 11.
;S*2 Adverbial ending, e. g. Xi2aa
external, ^Sa^Soa Syriac.
4s*2 [g. et'ca] acZi?. Then, afterwards.
^>M.2 TiA. V. ?i. m. Sitting, a session.
^^O^J (iSJ — ) [cs.] /. Substance,
existence, a being. 4s*o^i iko^s*!
'the divine being'; 'the state of
existing or being'.
^^^OJSa2 uU. adv. Substantially.
^jS*2 ni. A being, that which exists,
a living existence, ^jlaooifdi ^£Sa2
'the infinite existence', 'G-od'.
^£Sa2 cidj. m. Pertaining to an
;Ijs^2.
yOJAt,^! [g. TjOtxtov] /. Ethics, moral
science.
V
;s*2 Is, are. See ^l.
Jlai Mt. adv. Here. Var. ^2, ^2,
Sh. ;&07ai, ;Ao;a2, Tub. ^eai,
;&laGA2, LiDz. S. S. 82. 1. U.
^2 To come. = ^2.
^jVj?^2 colloq. Secrets, mysteries;
(used only in the plural).
\JiiL)Al [t. (^^*olsT o\] A chamber-
lain; one who has the charge of
the interior.
;i3A2 (^'— ) [^' ^X^S^a] /. A viper.
3^*Oq2, 93uOa2 w. Equator.
^QSkl (jri ) w. A piece of dried
clay formed in the shape of a
horse shoe, which is put up in
a tanoor or an oven, round about the
entrance to the ^Sl*^ 'flue', as
a support for the jLfibf 'pile' of
fuel. Comp. ^o\2.
;LSoa2 (4'—) /• -^oai' litcpl
Eater; whatever eats away or
corrodes; consumer, one who eats
to excess, glutton; an embezzler.
^^kO^OSkl The state of eating to
excess, gorging [rare].
;^6al (^■— ) /• -^oai i?M«
Glutton; itching. See ^So^l.
J^OU^oaI The state of eating to
excess. See ^^o^os^i.
i^!»N!^(V^2
36
«^9^Saa2 [Eng.] adj. inded. Equi-
lateral.
JSOSki [cs.] Ash. prej?. Like, as; used
with the pronominal suffixes, thus
j^o^oai, oii^o^i, >f^09^> ^i^^
me, like you, like him. See ^ui.
w»*a2 [t. ,3^^^] adj. inded. Open,
uncovered, unreserved; light or
pale (color or shade); somewhat
impudent or saucy (in manners).
^^Oma2 [t.s.] Openness; frowardness,
indecency.
^2 V. t. and v. i. Sal, To come, to arrive ;
to happen, p. p. ^1, f- ^^2
plur. l^l, pres. ;Ia^, W- 1^)^,
^2 V. n. and inq). coming; come.
lK'>l (iii ) [t. "^^3^] One of the two
projections jutting out of the upper
and lower ends of the jamb or
inner side of the door and fitted
into the sockets in which they turn ;
heel. Var. ;i^l ^s^^
2A3aiA2 [t.] sub. inded. Mortar;
cement; plaster. See 2aaAaaf2.
1^2 [cs.] V. t. and v. i. To eat, devour,
consume; to embezzle; to corrode,
wear out; to itch; to threaten,
menace, p. p. ;iiLa2, /. ^^^2,
plur. >lik*a2, pres. ^Saja, inf.
jjtA^. Used with nouns to form
compound verbs, phrases etc. as,
^'Sor H> ^^ ^2 'to threaten';
^Am \a2 'to care'; ^^'^ ^1
'to be punished'; i\jS0Q ^sA 'to
be beaten' ^fOf tSal 'to embezzle';
^mS ^i 'to eat' ^o;c\tAy ^2
4suJB 'to spend one's income before
it is due'.
Aja2> My^^m) v. n. m. Eating.
)\^2 m. Moth; itching, itch /.
4ooa2 (pronounced also ;iSao2).
J^2 (ii'__) Alk. ptcpl, f. <^i,
Eater. See the following.
,lSa? Eating; X^i victuals. See
^xiski (;»— ) ptcpl, f. .^siikal Eater,
consumer, embezzler; extravagant.
^!Sa2 n. /. Eating, devouring, con-
suming; embezzling, ^^xo -^^2
extravagance.
^^a.(A\a2 [cs.] m. An accuser, ad-
versary; the devil.
^ho':^l (;*■ — ) /. Supper. See
^aai [a. (^\] V. t. and v. i. To close, to
shut, to cover, p.p. Jiouai, /. ,$Mu;)2,
Ma2
37
]3uloa^|
pltir. }bpbA2, i)res. ^iSakp, ^^la,
inf. ;baa;^, ^io^^i^. Var. ;aV,i
p2^, ;aua, ^|a^7 )a^ka. Comp.
Jloai V. n. m. Shutting, closing.
JiaaZ Alk. adv. and acZj. How much,
how many. See Jiioa.
sJ^iSki (?*— ) [T.^_,si•^V4;■.w2.and/.
Farmer, agriculturer.
^^OuajA2 [t. s.] Farming, agriculture.
UQjal (^ — ) [a. ,^*] w. Photo-
graph. See uQja^-.
;^oA»^i Photography. See ;^otta4-.
uQXJoAjQ^al [g. s$7)7rjoi?] /. Exegesis.
jl*904aaj^ [&. ^$op(a] /. Exile, banish-
ment.
%isO^'^OJB0Sk\ [g- s.] Exilement, the
state of an exile.
^OuO^i (jiO — ) [»• a$i<i>ixa] m.
Axiom.
aai (is ) [T.^U^\]m. A corkscrew,
screw-driver; an opener.
laal (I'S ) tn. An agriculturist,
farmer, a husbandman. Ass. ikkdrii.
933^2 (I'd ) [t. P.] See preceding.
Jl^eaaaal [t. p. s.] Agriculture, farm-
ing, husbandry.
^j^oaai See preceding.
iko^y^l, ^y^^ [a- ?y^J /. Honor,
respect, reverence, worshiping, ho-
noring.
^1 [cs.] Tel. Hate, animosity, a
a grudge. See ^.
(32 [t. jtj m. Crimson, rosy or light
chestnut (color). See \ vi,
Si prep. To, unto, into, towards,
against, j^ is added simply for
the sake of euphony. ^2 is only
used as a prefix to nouns and
the pronominal suffixes, e. g. yi^2
^Ol^;;. /^^*ai2 (colloq.) for ^^^
'into the house'. See i^.
%^'i Ash. v. i. To weep, to mourn.
See ijj.
%^l conj. contracted form of %^ ^j|.
If not, but, except, otherwise.
^^jl adv. Especially, particularly.
^c^'iyi (?1— ) [A. P. ^""^^ or J^
,^^^1] adj. One who believes in or
professes ji^ouO^I^i.
uiOpi!^! A religious sect in Islam.
;^flu0^i^2 [a. p. s.] See preceding.
L^isL^i [t. J\ <^ J^ lit. hand to hand].
Immediately, at once.
23i^oaS2 [p. l^li-^^T lit. Bokhara
plum.] /. A kind of prune.
Aa^I
38
ui070^2
)Sjaj2, ^\J3^j^ [k.] An expression
of a resolute purpose, by all means;
with negation, by no means.
^•^ i J 4^a^i [A.<^^\]adv. Certainly,
of course, by all means. Var.
J^iia^ai, 6i6^ai. colloq. ^^oSai.
S^l [A.^]f. A remedy. Sp.p. A>lv.
X\ ? [t. liill] m. Marrow; essence. See
Tepid, lukewarm. See \VV^ ?
y^nS^Si, ^anS^Si [a. o^r^^] «>'^-
/. Algebra.
^t^"^'^\ > ^^^* ^^^' -Algebraically,
jlafl^i adj. m. Algebraist, pertain-
ing to Algebra.
^i, ^1 (;f,-, ^) [T. ^\
JJ\] f. Handle of an implement, a
crank.
^S^'i (;S^—) [T. ^\J1] m. A cloth
with red and white stripes,
^auboo^i [h. n^m)^] m. Algum
tree, cypress; sandal wood. See
Oj^2 [cs.] prep, with the pronominal
suffix of the third person sing. m.
Him, to him; it, to it.
6p^ prep. f. Her, to her; it, to it.
opi [a. <aSi\] (colloq.) God. wMAibb fl^i
o^ 'may Grod give him rest'; (used
in mentioning the name of the
dead); ^aSaoju ^oob aiil
'may God strengthen you'; (address-
ed to men working); ^cubo opi
'godspeed, good bye'. ^» opi
'paSi 'far from it, God forbid'.
;.Vi* ^^y^MS't) o^i 'God is merci-
ful' (a consolatory ejaculation).
^opi (laj — ) God, the one supreme
being.
^^opi ult. adv. As God, divinely.
23dpi [a. »j.=^^, a^i*. ^ft] adj. and
adv. Special, particular, specially,
seperately. More correctly l^af^S*.
^^oopi Godhead, deity, divinity.
^opi (fi. — ) adj. Godly, godlike,
divine.
^^Ou.o^i Godliness.
fiSMopi cidv. Certainly, of course,
by all means, by any means, with-
out hesitation. See ftsa!Si.
JJSopi Goddess.
010^2 prep, with the pronominal suffix
of the third person sing. /. Her,
to her; it, to it. See ajUlil,
mO)o32 prep, with the pronominal
•p^ofo^l
39
j>MLi,a,S^
suffix of the third person sing. m.
Eim, to him, it, to it. See op 2.
^070!^^ [h. DNn'^«] Elohim, God.
^Q^j^ prep, with the pronominal suffix
of the second person sing. m. To
you, you, for you.
^0^2 (;i— ) [P. ^^jyJl /. lit. a
small plum.] A plum, a plum tree.
• oaoSjl prep, with the prenominal
suffix of the second person plur.
To you, for you, you.
4^01^2 (;2sl— ) [P- S-] /• A single
plum; the whole species of the
plum; ^^s*ao^2 individual plums.
^iS^ou^i Ash. adv. Carelessly, for
nothing, Lidz. S. S. 147. 17.
w^fti\*aSoij2 plur. Brownies, small
and invisible creatures. See
A \^\ \m or \piia.VoiM.
o-\i.r\\«< ^\i.ft\<» rJW/ m\<i >rb/ m\«»
^*yy\^S2 [t.] adv. Thinly, slightingly,
sparsely. ;^f!S2 i^ ^>s^ ^'is
'the snow has thinly settled'. yV*"
^Ai9f ?4>V^\? 'wheat thinly sown'.
A word of uncertain etymology.
■4 V V ^^ V^ ^ -A- play in which one
hops or leaps on one leg, hopper,
hop-scotch.
JSl prep, with the pronominal suffix
of the first person sing. Me, to me,
for me.
JS^ J ^o^ 2 preii. with the pronominal
suffix of the third person plur.
Them, to them, for them.
with the pronominal suffix of the
second person plur. To you, you,
for you.
■J* A ? TiA. prep, with the pronominal
suffix of the first person plur. To
us, us, for us.
P^rS? (^ ) adj. A man of ex-
perience, cunning, clever. From
verb ^.4Vr
^2, :i^l {i^—) [A. ^<J1]/. The
tail of an Asiatic ram, which is large
and fat and weighs several pounds.
oaJ^2 prep, with the pronominal suffix
of the second person plur. To
you, you, for you.
^^^Iprep. with the pronominal suffix
of the second person sing. /. To
you, you, for you.
;ia*aii [a. ^^\] /. Alchemy,
chemistry. See ^'-■ ^ -'^ and ^Liaa.
Arm. lu^^jiiljtui.
vkfiva^l
40
4^1
ufrijAjl [t. (,.5^^ J^ lit. red calico]
ant also Si /^jA /• A kind of
small and reddish figured calico.
ursASl (^) [T. ^^^^] m. and/. A
dealer in sieves, a sieve-maker.
^^Ou9kA^2 The trade of making
sieves or of dealing in them.
jiftSkji Chemistry. See jlbouaSi.
^l^aSl (jlSs* ) A ram's tail; errone-
ously for ^Q^ 'udder'. See
^^saXtl and ^^2.
uNe>3J(0»S2 wi. Electricity (from
English).
;au!lL 069^1 [h. D''il0'?«] m. Almug, al-
mug tree; probably sandal wood.
See ^3Uboo^i.
ktolxSi (isa — ) [p. A. ^UJl] m. Dia-
mond, adamant; any very hard
or impenetrable substance; also a
woman's name. See jtoo^hl.
jaSbtbaSi, ;^i [t. ^ ^t] adj. in-
decl. A clever but untruthful person,
treacherous. See jaSbflbaSi**. The
last part in the original is em-
ployed merely to rhyme or jingle
with the first.
^Iprejh with the pronominal suffix of
the first person plur. Us, to us, for us.
adj. indecl. Elastic (from
English). /
s^6saif4sSl /. Elasticity.
' I* I* I*
;^1 (;>*—) [cs.] Sal. A rib.
^l ^i, 4S2, 4S0: (;^— ,
l^ ) /. Alpha, name of the first
letter in the Syriac alphabet.
s^Sl A monopolist. See <^!^.
\^Sl construct form of ?a.SJ thousand,
It ' >
employed always with >,^''^j and
immediately preceding it; as, \^)
J*^Si 'thousand thousands'.
;^i, [cs.] Sal. ;^i (;S_) adj.
Thousand. ^'A^i thousands of
units.
^1: Sal. ;^2^ (?S— ) ^ coin of
Persia which is equal to one tenth
of a hibo^ toman or twenty Jllouai
sJialiees; ten cents.
^*tt^i /. Alphabet.
;^ogi5i Monopoly. See ^iso^L.
J*i\| Thousands, used always with
\^iSi and immediately following it;
as, b"5^S ? \^Si 'thousand thous-
ands'.
jS^2 adj. indecl. Habitual, the result
of frequent use, (Arabic form of
adverb.) from verb v4\?j \^\,\
^'i
41
o33>-iaoj
^2 V. i. To be in haste, to be urgent.
adj.
See «^.
Essential, necessary.
Sopolil [A. Js^^J^] Alcohol.
;l3;attSi (;!—)/• -^2**—, ct<^j- Alko-
shite, of or belonging to Alkosh.
^aoSi ?>n^<^ 'Alkosh script'.
;^3iiii'2 (;ii;— ) [t. ^^^^^JT]/. Jack-
daw, crow.
aSi jcSo;a^2 (;S_) [T. ^vT, jiNjT
J^'^^^ Small chips of wood and
straw which are usually used as
fuel, thrash, (commonly used in a
plural sense).
abi^2 [h. ^"^^ b^] Almighty God, an
epithet of God. See ^^s^2.
3X0X^2 [t. Jiy.^ ^i] (ht. taking
and giving) /. Trade, commerce,
business.
4^2 (;Sv— ) [A. ^tl /• A lattice of
the window; an apparatus, a tool.
,^2 Ash. /. An instrument, imple-
ment, LiDz. S. S. 196. 12. See pre-
ceding.
^l Mt. An orchard. See 4s^^
:a'^^l (Ue—) [A. ,\0] /. A pro-
mise to protect certain interests.
made usually in writing; an under-
taking.
wm6s^j^> 6SM>6fk^l adv. Down, below.
Var. ^««is^, ^««^^, wM^.!^^.
^>^2 [t. <^xJ1] adj. and siih. indecl.
Tepid lukewarm; slightly cooked
234ica2. See ^2.
J^^^l [A. ^U,^\] f. A request,
supplication, begging a favor.
^j^JObOi!^^ (i^—) [A. T. ^s::-'U:Ji]
participle, m. and/. One who makes
a request, an intercessor, a peti-
tioner.
;^euauQ>:a»^^: (>K— ) [a- t. s.] The
act of an intercessor, intercession.
^I^S;; (;&_) [A. OUUJl] /. Favor,
respect, regard, attention.
*s2 interj. Hum, hem, expressive of
doubt, deliberation.
^2 V. i. To swear. See JhaJ.
^^2 (^^2) Hundred; jli©2 thousands
of units. See ^po.
yai^i(2'i ) [^o'-^**]/- A storeroom,
a garnary, a place for storage. See
Saui. Arm. ^luif^uip.
akiboi [A.J---U] m. Amber, ambergris.
e03dboi [P- ^/^ lit- 0^ ambergris
smell] m. A kind of aromatic rice
4^^
42
^i
S^l (?i![— ) [P- ^^^] *»^- -^i"^' goal,
target.
d^2 hS\S\ [t. liUl] m. Labor,
pains, trouble.
abo2 TiA. To say. See aio2.
■ «» " <•
99d92 [a. >\j^\] f. Assistance, help.
30ibo2 (2^* — , 2a — ) [a. ^^\] f.
Hope. Correctly 3MiaOo2.
23Oi02 (I'i—) atZj./. ;^3Qbo2, Thick,
dense; frequent.
23Qbo2 (2'd ) Mt. m. A tool, an
instrument. See 23QbASi.
}^O30692 Thickness; density.
^O0i2, \o0i'2 (if,—) [T-er^^]/.
A nozzle through which babes draw
milk from the bottle,
Jwfboj^ [a. jiUixl]/. A signature, sign-
ing of a document.
^2 /. Amen.
^1 [
A. /•»■"-*
1] adj. indecl. Trusty,
secure, peaceful, faithful. See MbOu2.
d\*jLbo2 ult. adv. Peacefully, safely,
permanently.
lisoAtlSil [a. s.] Peacefulness, security,
permanence. See ^^QAL,ba*2.
^MAjiol adj. indecl. Secure, safe, peace-
ful, trusty. K. ^U^\.
9^2, Mt. 2a*bo2 (l?— ) [a.^-»^] m.
Amir, a commander, a chief, leader,
a prince, a title of the prime mi-
nisters. ;L^o^9^2, (^i^:>^j^\)
'commander of the artillery'. O3uilao2
30^ik^ (7?^ j^^) 'great admiral'.
'Caliph, commander of the faith-
ful'.
2993^^92 (29 — ) [a. p. «>l);~r°^] m. A
prince, one of noble birth.
^^2 [t.?]/- a syringe.
eSlsol, )^2, adj. m. and/. Cunning,
artful. See o\ba^.
;sSipl la^l ti^2 [a. ^\, p.
3J^\] m. The myrobalan-tree.
7l*tT? (jlio ) [a. ^l^\] Imam; in Is-
lam, a leader in religious matters,
prelate, patriarch. Caliph, plaol
^ikbOdV (<^-*'-*^ ^l^O Imam who re-
cites the Friday prayers for the
sovereign.
^20^2 (^ ) [a. .L«Uft]/. A turban,
a tiara, worn by Musulman priests
and judges.
JNbbib92 [a. cU/oUl] /. Imamate, the
' I*
office of the Imam.
^2 [a. c>lc\] f. Pardon, pity, mercy;
a suing for mercy, a begging for help,
fiiol
43
^ibo2
a crying for assistance, when in
distress or in fear of danger; as,
help! help! a note in music.
K. ^^^\] m. A dish, a vessel. Arm.
uiJuib, See ^^.
^siboi [cs.] The memoria technica of
the letters ^, 4, bo, 2. which are
prefixed to the roots of the verbs
in making the tenses.
isilaol (;& — ) [a. ^Ul] /. A charge,
a deposit, anything given in trust.
See ^i^aio^oi.
9k^£slbo2, sp^ii^i [A. p. ^iCoU,
^\>^X>Lol] m. and /. A depository.
LiDz. 217. 12.
^^oaaJSibol [a. p. s.] a depository.
\l3u^2, colloq. ilaJSkbo;^ (^'— )
m. Imperial, a Russian gold coin
of the value of seven dollars and
seventy-two cents.
\^6sSf^h6si^2, [Eng.] Impenetrability.
iSIsk^hal Imperial. Same as t^Xi^^2.
9OJS3)ilb0j| (2d — ) [Latin Imperator]
Emperor.
Ji>«O3O^3k^ib0J^ Empire, emperorship.
^2 colloq. = l^ q. v. To be
able.
ll^l (Ia — ) ptcpl, f. Jtss^
Able, capable.
^^2 (;&*—, ;K— ) [cs.] The
gecko, lizard. See Jlf^bo.
abol [cs.] V. t. and v. i. To say, to tell, to
speak, to talk, to utter, p. p. 2^Jicii,
/. ;^3ubo2,i^^Hn 23m^2, pres. 29M^,
inf. 2ai*)^.
also2 Mt. a auxiliary, forming an im-
perative; as, ^fla hlapii 'let him go',
or 'tell him to go'. From verb aio2.
aao2 preterite. He said; as, aySl^ hti32
AiOX* 'Jesus said unto him'; archaic.
(Matt. 8. 7.)
aboi also Alk. 29Oh0J[ [A.yc\]m. An
order, a command; a business.
2aib2 v. n. m. Saying.
2aJso2 (2d ) [cs.] Lamb, the first
sign of the zodiac, Aries. See 2d^.
>.bo23hih92 /• Grumble, complaint,
mutter, murmur.
3M2Db92 y^lt- f- A rumor, a hearsay.
fDkboi (jf ) [t.?] Implement (com-
monly agricultural), tool, instrument
(a word of uncertain etymology).
;IaDb92, J-aaspi (;!!_),/. -^— ,
adj. An American.
kaSthoi m. A kind of muslin supposed
ahoakiol
44
tauof^j!
to have been made in or imported
from America,
3d03iM2 lilt f. Grumble, complaint.
See 3kbp2'>^2 and B>bft%V).
a69>bo2 ult. f. A rumor, a hearsay.
It II
See 9ibo2>»2.
II II
tk^i (;*—)' /• 4s4— , P^ci^L One
who speaks, tells or says.
;£s9bS02 n. Saying, telling.
^aSp^Mp2, iSakap;^Mp2?*?^./. Mutter,
murmur.
J^!:ol [cs.] A maid-servant, a maid. See
.2, .2 coUoq. contracted form of yA2
Those, they (Alk. version Matt.
27. 54).
.2, .2 TuE. def. art The.
^ conj. If.
^2, [cs.] Tkh. ji 2 i?ro«. Those, these.
^2; ^2 interj. In such phrases as:
'what do you call it'? Used as a
noun to designate something which
one cannot at the moment re-
member.
jl2 p'on. I.
aaui (23 — ) [p. ^^^] f. Storage,
store-room, garner; reservoir (pro-
nounced rather aaJsol).
asaaai, h'Sxisoiadj. A storehouse-
keeper.
ui9a&2, y.3kibo2 Garments which are
damaged from remaining in the shop
for a long time or from not being
used, shop worn; one who is lessened
in activity for want of exercise.
;ti^2, ;^j^ (^— ) ^^- "*• ^^ 0^^^'
^ \V% j Mt. /. Ploughshare.
;i^2 (j^—) [t. ^^] m- Jaw, jaw-
bone.
9^io;^s2 (ri—)[T.j\^^\^\^\\ Ca-
parison, trappings (used in the plural
form and somewhat slightingly).
simply.
J^l (^) [t. ^^\ K. ^^^] WJ. A
chain made of gold or silver to
which coins are attached, which the
women tie over their foreheads as
an ornament (Is. 3. 18). An orna-
ment in the form of a crescent for
camels.
>tVu^^i; [t. o^W-**^] P- P- H^J^^^' in-
jured, wounded in feeling. The only
form used with Syriac auxiliaries
^ooy and aa ^ to denote various
tenses, e. g. iSoa) %Xb(xA»2 'he
TlUfV^ll
45
was hurt'. «y \^^\^ ^^^"^A*-? 'he
hurt him'.
ali^2 (I'a — ) An engineer.
\V* ? [a. Jl5;il, t. J^\] indecl. Detri-
ment, obstacle, drawback, hindrance.
lish language, an Englishman.
An Englishman; pertaining to
English.
2x1^2 [T. ^j^:^\] f. England.
^f 3ki2 (^f ) [p. ajl jJl] m. A measure
of length used by carpenters, a
measure, an ell, a yard.
^3ki2 [p- f^^^] /. Countenance, figure,
form (of the body), visage, ihiao
^3k&2 beautiful, jaaal Js homely.
AeM. luLn-uiiT,
00712 cowj. If [rare].
00^2 [a. <^\] Tel. That he is, that
is. LiDZ. S. S. 341. 1.
wiO)l2; Alk. y,qii jgron. They, those.
Jloroii Tae. ^ojoii Sh. ^ron. See
preceding.
;^i (;i' ) Mt. a spindle, distaff.
u^^tfliSfAJ [T. ^J^ ^y\ lit. a 5^Aj«
malik of Anzal (place)]. A dwarf,
pigmy.
j^, Mt. I6,t*xl conj. If. See oafxl.
^IbOO^li [g. avaxo[i7j] /. Anatomy.
uQ>n\,fia%S.S^>i> LftA\,m>S.\,ii [a-
'Avxt^pioTo;] Antichrist, the false
Christ. Comp. wSiiik^?.
I ^*^;Sy*^^* ! [g- 'AxXavxixo;] m. At-
lantic (ocean); (more correctly
^ari«y,A\;i).
yA2> Ja2> Alk. yll i'^'on. They, those,
^i, ^2 i?row. Those, they.
^2 Mt. a worm which annoys sheep
in spring.
^AO^i, ^a^2, l^h ^^\ ^^^^^■
pron. They, those.
;^al2 Egotism.
,^^2 Tl4.. = ^jj4 Purpose.
6(>lil [a. '^^] f. Conscience, (often
promiscuously used with Js*» Pur-
pose).
^2 [Eng.] /. Inch.
9^2 V. i. To be shy, to fear, to shrink
back, to be discouraged, p. p.
2390^02, /. ;^ai9ao2, ;^39^o2.
plur. 23^o2, pres. ihoOAl, inf.
t " ' i ' '
23oaa2^.
aa^l [a. ^feo\] /. Denial, disavowal,
refusal, negation; construed with
the verb. 9t^.
aOAOMBAl^
46
<s*;x»2
akaaohoakSksi [a. ^-^ ^li] The two
angels who examine the dead at
their graves.
UsAii (^a— ), /. 1^—, adj.
Timid, shy.
^^aa^i Fear, timidity, want of
courage.
;2!^o\i2 [g. dvotXoYia]/. Analogy.
^yi^lV<>^2 ult. adv. Analogically.
^^^eSll (;!' — ) Analogist.
JMacSli, also kXDuJOO^^l [&• ava-
Xooi;] m. Analysis.
jki To revile or abuse the dead.
;^euu2 Egotism. See ;^oai.
JLtlii2[G-.dvaYX7)] adj. Necessary, essen-
tial. ItiAxi ^ 'from necessity'.
^lii^jttiij ult. adv. Essentially, necess-
arily.
;*a42 (iJo—) f. ^_, adj.
Essential, necessary, radical, indis-
pensable.
^isouAui Necessity, essentiality.
ucMj^ [a. j^L«il] indecl. A human
being, a person, mankind, a man.
^^ojslucaij^, ;^OAiitej^ [a. cuJ'uJi]
The noble and humane qualities
of a man or woman, manliness,
womanliness.
7^2 (;!»_) [A. ,is6\] f. A gift,
prize, present, reward, by a superior
to an inferior.
J^2 [h. nBi«] m. Heron, ibis. Hoopoe.
jl^i [a -^.^iAJI] /. Snuff; pulverized
tobacco or other substance which
is snuffed.
793k^2 TiA. Bravo! See H«a^2.
ti^M^j^ [a. uiUail] /. Conscience;
justice, equity; a woman's name.
J^^ ^1 adv. Conscienstiously.
390il&2 [t. >jyJ\?] adj. A person of
enormous size, abnormal.
^iLCui Mt. The lower part of a
shroud.
■ yVhi?^ [a. jiiil] Alk. interj. Avaunt,
be gone.
^3Jk2 [Eng.] Inertia.
jd2 ahs. and cons, of ^2. Man. jsl
2:aotM9 'a nian of friends' or 'lover
of friends' ^L^kAs JU,l 'Hobgoblin,
an imp.' ^Sjbla jd2 'a servant in
attendance'.
^2 (^2) [cs.] A man, human, ^2
Ji3IA2 'some men'.
^j^ (j^O "^ woman, a wife (Alk.
version Matt. 11. 11).
^a|LX42 ult. adv. Manly, humanly.
^a^l
47
iSji^oj!
^oau2 (pk ) dim. A small man,
manikin.
lisoatil Manliness, mankind; mascu-
line energy; qualities of the male
sex.
^Iu2 (JL ) cidj. Manly, manlike.
)^all = ^2 )^ Mt. No body, no
man.
0jS\ai2 [a. .UJULi) ^1] interj. If God
wills, Deo volente.
Wi, [cs.] ^^»i; Tkh. ^42, ^orl; Tia.
and Z. kscrji, isbjl; Gtaw. ^isai.
pron. m. Thou, you.
4ftfi032JS&2 [g- 'Avxapxix6?] m. Ant-
arctic.
UQ>07^2 [A. T. ^_5-^L{JU1] adv. finally.
;I»0^i2 [g. avaxofXTj] /. Anatomy.
See ^IbOO^&i.
99£S&2 [a. ^Ikxil] indecl. Anxiety,
disquietude, expectancy, looking out
for (construed with J^ooy and ^Sij,)
;fes09f^i2 [A. s.] See preceding.
M^ii, y^i; Tkh. ^>a2, ^*iSoi2; Tia.
and Z. «isar2; GrAw. JS(>a2 pron.f.
Thou, you.
;a^^&i, ;fiL^A2(;a— , ;B_) ad;.w.
and/. Antique, ancient. See^jOu6(Si.
hOnym\r>fr>A2, jaoVymV%tis*2
Tjio ) Antichrist. See
jafty,m\\\;i2.
. is&2 pron. m. and/. Thou, you. See
:aLb^s2 [a. ^Ux51] /. Revenge, venge-
ance (construed with Xtlas).
Itttl Cidv. Ever, certainly, with ^
never.
Jia2 wi. Myrtle tree or shrub.
iso;jQ>2 [t. <Zj3,^^)f. Black pepper.
JCD^2 Household effects, furniture.
See um2.
■ aa ft>j (^^ ^ [a. (__'L-u}\] m. Instru-
ment, tool, weapon, arm.
jfOJolj [a. Ol-jJ^] /. Proof, evidence;
an achievement. See ^-j^.
^Oiol (^ ) [g- aotuxo?] m. Prodi-
gal, wasteful.
J^^O^OiO>2 Prodigality, debauchery.
J^atoi (it, ) [-Ai^M- ui""cb] Assyrians,
Syrians.
isoJQ>2 Black pepper. See iso^^.
2a4^2 (;iso — ) [g. axaoiov] m. A
stadium, a parasang, furlong, one
eighth of a Eoman mile.
2^^2, 2j>\^fi>2 (2a—) [p. >^^K
>l:Uo^\] Alk. a master, teacher.
See 3;^o2.
\ff?^!!
48
laJbl
^^ii^l Of—) [^' oxaStov]/. A
race-course, distance of an eighth
of a Roman mile.
afiU}oikHA>2 [g^. Stojixoi] sub. and adj.
stoic; stoical.
fi^^afiLjiQ^A>2 ult adv. Stoically.
^ft^eu£Ljlo^iQ>j^ Stoicism, stoical-
ness.
^t9rkn\mii (Jjbb — ) [g. otoixetov] m.
Element, principle.
?Iofta^fl>2 (^— ) «<^i- Elementary,
rudimental.
Stomach.
G. oTuXoc, Set. sthuna] m. A pillar,
a column. ;^9tbp3 ^oi^l 'day-
break'.
J^u^fi>2 [a. lij».:;A*j\J /. Resignation
of an office or position (construed
with yaL)' See ;|k^6yQ>2.
^ayol, ys>^l (^"— ) W *^- ^
glass, goblet, a tumblar.
;iiU^2 (ji— ) [G.oToXrj]/. A robe,
vestment, stole.
AllLfi>i (I'S ) [p.^lJUoT] m. The lining
of a garment, the inner side of a
garment.
2 (;!^_) [p.T. ^^U^rjac?;-.
m. and /. A cotton or linen cloth
intended specially for lining.
}I\o^03kS^j^ [g. aoxpoXoYta] /.
Astrology.
jQk^o^o>V^<y>j^ (^' — ) adj. m. An
astrologer.
jl*bOOab\S^(H»j^ [g. doTpovo[xia] /. As-
tronomy.
}IIb0QiO3\A2 (^'— ) (^dj. m. An
astronomer.
[a. jJw^a::^l-k*o or G. OTpaYYiiXYj]
Estrangelo, the form of the Syriac
alphabet which prevailed during
the flourishing period of Syriac
literature ; to be distinguished from
the later cursive script called
^I2jcd2 (ik ) cidj. Asian, Asiatic, a
man from Asia.
yKtnal V. n. m. Ascending, going
up, climbing, rising. ^^ yOugoil
*up and down'.
4sC3UiQ>2n. Ascending, rising.
23ulQ>2, 23miJQ>2, 3MiQ>i (2*9—) m.
Bound, a prisoner, captive.
29Ia>2, 3^2 V. n. m. Binding,
^aLfi>l
49
laJiai
tying. ;^3 ajjol 'waist'. '^Ifyl
233m 'apron'; 'breast-plate'.
^3mA2 colloq. p^cpZ. Binder. See
^3JQ32.
;^aIiQ92 «• Binding, tying.
?\f^O,ft> } [g. oxolri] f. School. See
^eojsil, ^oQJoi (i*—)i J-
,^MbS , cidj. Scholar, student,
pupil.
iSsoSoOkml, ikp^ostJ^aii Scholar-
ship.
.oAopuCdj^ [g- oy6\\.o\] m. Scholia.
^oauQ92 (;^«I— ) Threshold. Var.
4ldoAA92, :^onml^, ^slJolA,
>^'tio^^2, ^q£U>2, ^otlA.
Ass. askuppu.
?tfli*?Mn»2, ^bOua^i (;:io — ) [G.ox^fxa]
m. Scheme, plan, design, habit.
yO\t«it Mop 2^9^0923 'by the
habit or personality of Mar Shimon'
(Patriarch). An asseveration.
jij>ax»2 (iS' ) [Ital. scala; t. <^U^1]
/. A landing place, port; a gang-
plank.
;!^l>^aa>o2 (i^"— ) [t. ^o.»x.*^1] w.
A stool.
^^^ vinegar, ^:j.;^^\ honey] m.
Oxymel. Arm. up^TSnuuf^^.
:a(^2, :a;^2 [a. ^U^l] /. Islam,
Mohammedanism ; resignation to
the will of God.
}^obAJUQ>2 [a. s.] Mohammedanism.
See preceding.
^3k^2 [a. p. Jiy^-ol] wi. Sifted
earth applied to the bodies of in-
fants instead of powder.
ui3»b9iQ}i (jl — ) [a. p. ^j^r^\] adj. indecl.
Dark of complexion, brown, bru-
nette, tawny.
■jfom\ [a. ^^\] [Alk.] coll. House-
hold furniture, household effects,
chattels.
gMJ (;£» — ) [a. ,y^^^^] A night
policeman. See jonaai,
4w{wa2 Mt. Basis, foundation
[Alk. version Luke 6. 48.] Ass.
asdsu.
a^O^JOl [g. ok6yyo?» a. <*^-^-^1] /.
Sponge.
:istio^j;ol >^o^A>2 (;SJ— ) J-
Threshold. See ^atlA2.
■LJtPii^flrl [g. aairU] /. Adder, asp.
t>>j.}%iAS>).
50
2aUb2
m. Sphere; omelette cooked in a
round form.
JSaI^a^^^ cidv. Spherically, in the
form of a sphere.
^yt^l, ;*aM^o2 (^' — ) adj. m.
Spherical, globular.
\ayi()\] f, Spinage.
j^mlf' Asp, adder. See uQau^uol.
23^/Q>i (I'i — ) [k.^Ux-\ lit. rider] /.
A piece of flat wood which is
bored and passed over the helve
of the spade as far down as the
blade, to be as a foothold by
means of which the foot presses
the spade into the earth in digging
or working. Comp. p. j^. Aem.
uiuuiuip»
pa^o?] Sparagus, asparagus.
iis^ykmi, iHs^y^l (;V_) [A.
J^^jA*o\, J«a.y.x*;] m. A quince,
a quince tree.
{sSi'Vfl?? [Eng. spirit] m. Alcohol,
a strong distilled liquor,
yfiboal, colloq. wOa>I, JA^^lv.tSindv.i
To ascend, to rise, to be expensive.
p- V- ^a2, /. 4s.tJLo2, plur.
VAaeH, pres. ;Ao^, ^Ia^^ inf.
ysXmi, jLdlA>2 V. n. m. Ascending,
rising.
JLtttoi (JJA ) The vowel called
}^Xti ?A^ f when it occurs before
O or m; as in ^2, ^i^ykol.
43all<A>2, 4s.^o^A>2 (;S^— ) /•
Threshold. Ass. askuppu.
^!^J0JS>1 [g.] m. Scythian.
\^bCUQ>2 [A. ^^Ua^] /. Robe, vest-
ment (rare word).
;10iQ)2, coiioq. ;vaAiI, ;leuA2.
(ji" ) /. 4sub , pfcj?Z. one who
rises or ascends.
jf^JOJo'l (lis ) [a. i>Ui-^\] indecl. A
disabled or maimed person or
thing; damaged goods.
!^JAal, ^^^Jtilaii n. Ascent, rising.
atol /. Fit or fits, epilepsy. See S^2.
ajBj2, colloq. ate*, 9m,o2 v. t. and v. i.
To bind, to tie, to stop, to muzzle ;
to yoke. p.p. 2a<jQ>2,/. ;^XJQ»2,
plitr. 2L.02, pres. lyala, lylala,
inf. ^ymlS, VyktaiS.
23J(a2 Mt. m. A door-bar, a bolt.
2aj(a2, 23Ia2 v. n. m. Binding, tying.
2aiCa2 (2d ) m. and/. Conjunction;
^iakf&l
51
}'iso%ub>\i
a belt, girdle, band, tie (Alk. ver-
sion Matt. 3. 4).
^ytal, ^yah colloq. ;iiiA, ^iotl
(^^3 ) ptcpl. One who binds or
connects, ^o^ . 3tA>2 'a charmer,
a sorcerer'. Jlf ab ^y/S>i 'one who
binds shieves in the field'.
tV^^fl?^ [a. J-:^^r^^] Israpheel, the
angel who will sound the trumpet
at the last day.
;^fkAl, ;^>IiQ>2 n. Binding.
A master, teacher, Lord (Alk.
version Luke 16. 5).
^i^fisA>2 [a. Ls.j«.X**j\] / A resignation
of an office.
23u£SA32, 23^»{^ [g- aoxTjp] w. a coin,
The Turkish coat of arms.
^aJSA2, ^^«>2 (Ja — ) [e.] a glass,
a tumbler. See A^ft>2 t. ^^l^Lx^l.
yA^tkOJ^ [t. viUj;-co^\] suh. and adj. in-
decl. Extra; something on the top
of another, a superaddition.
JQisoisal, 9^JSA>2 [&. Ia6(j.6^] m. Isth-
mus.
iSiA^^AJ^ [a. JUjcXaoI] Alk. Practice,
use.
2a)L^o2 [a. S)Ij«.:Cx*j1] The practice
of augury.
b^oi (2 3 — ) [p.^U^l] m. The lin-
ing or covering of the inner side
of a garment, the inner side of a
garment.
23:Sfi>2, 23^^o2 /. An idol. Comp.
2*322, ;sb3^lA^iy.
3k*03^A>2 (23 — ) [from Eng.] m. An
asteroid, a planetoid.
;Il3^iQ>2 (;!'_),/. ;^_, adj. An
Austrian.
yAs^toi, ^3^JQ>2 (^—) [P-T.
gJ^U^oT] m. and /. A cotton or
linen cloth intended specially for
lining. See ^i^aS^toi.
23^2 TuE. adv. Now, at this time.
\Si2 Tub. prep. Upon, on. See Xv*.
y4^2 [a. i^y^^ conj. I mean, that is,
that is to say. See JLjaJ.
3^^^;^, colloq. MfiSerrj^, 330^*2 [A.
^UXi\] /. Confidence, trust, credit.
adl^ll^2 ihlai 'reliable, trustworthy'.
f " i'
li^ohaifs^l [a. s.] Confidence. See
preceding.
aii^iby;^, colloq. aua^oj;; [A. >L»^\] /.
Faith, belief.
;|^03bd^^;; [A. s.] See preceding.
" *' 4*
^2
52
i^^i
\^i conj. Also, too, and.
;32, colloq. ;3kl, lAi v. t To bake
bread, i).^. ;I^2, ;I^2,/. ^2,
pliir-lAi, IJ^I, pres.^^^a, ^^3,
measure of capacity.
So^l Mould.' See ^0^2.
23o52 (23 ) [h. 11BX] wj. Ephod.
^0^2 /• The covering or coating in-
crusted on the surface of a liquid
or a wet substance which lies long
in warm and damp air, mould.
J^ol^l (;$'_) Mt. m. A gibbet, a
club used to throw into trees to
beat down fruit.
• O^ol^l [g. 'AiroXXua)v] Apollyon, the
destroyer, used in Rev. 9. 12 for
oaai Abaddon.
^fi^i [a. J-^i] Alk. adj. indecl.
Better, more.
^2> colloq. jl*^2 V. n. Baking.
4sa*^2 colloq. 71. Baking, the act of
baking.
;u^2 (Jii" — ) /• ;^— , ptcpl. Baker.
^30tl5i (i^ — ) adj. and n. Epi-
curian, epicure.
^^kOASafiU^i Epicurianism.
^fs^l n. Baking, the act of baking.
!^4^i (;SJ — ) A piece of cloth about
the size of square yard, used as a
covering for dough or bread.
%VS>^2 [comp. A. Ji] adj. m. and /.
Palsied, paralyzed.
^JN^ibi, vO\^2 Plato the philo-
sopher; a learned man.
^2, y}i^i conj. Though, although,
notwithstanding.
yiSA^i [t. ^^^\] Master, lord, sir.
« OiQ>^2 [p. oy*^"^] *'^' Charming or
training of snakes; deceit.
uftgftttAJ (^— ) [p. T. ^s^^\] A
charmer of snakes, an enchanter.
^^Ousaoo^i [p- T. s.] The act of
charming or training snakes.
.^3.iJQ}^2, JQ^o^A«iQ>^2 [a. a^iv6tov] m.
absinthium, wormwood.
iSoJAtd^l (^ \g. Ittioxoitoi;] Bishop.
^^Ok^OfiUd^i Episcopate, Bishopric.
al^oAjQ^^i (;!'_) /. ;^— , adj. Epis-
copalian, episcopal.
llsOit^6jAta!^l Episcopalianism.
23JSD^2 (2'S— ) [P. ^L^l] Alk. A
halter, a a tether, reins.
;^2 (?J— ) »»^- Grall-nut.
;La>a^2, ^A^i, coiioq. ;li.A42
;<»o,n^i
53
i^^i
(;!'_) [p. o^^ ^^^] «# A^
Afghan, a native of Afghanistan,
the Afghan language.
^^yJO^i [g. dcTToxpucpo?] m. Apocrypha.
233k^2 [p. «>j9^] A creature, a person;
used with negative e. g. ^>3 oS^
^A 233^^2 9^ 4^o2 'there is not
one single creature in the wilderness'.
^>^i ^3^2 [P- c?^^*] ^w^- "^wferj.
Well done! hravo! (an expression
of applause).
jlaa^i (U- ) ^^i- -^ native or an
inhabitant of Africa, an African.
ai^i, colloq. Miooi [p. ;LiX3l] /. Af-
shar, a tribe of Turkomans.
23X^2, colloq. 21x001 (2*3 — ) [p.
^Uxil] An Afshar, a member of
the Afshar tribe, a Musulman.
;^03S^2, colloq. iStsOyXoai Moham-
medanism.
^;; (;K— ) [T. s. k^2, i^2 = ^3
rope; Jfts being a diminutive syllable]
/'. A short piece of rope with which
the ox-bow is fastened to the yoke.
3m£s£^2 [a. j'-s:.'^^ Glorification, pride.
;L^^a^^i, ;a^52 [G. aTTo6-;]X7i] /. An
apothecary's shop.
^^^^2, \hi^i (;S_, ;3— ) [p.
<*->LoT] /. A ewer with a narrow
spout, used in washing the hands
after meal and in ablutions.
23^^;; (23—) [A. -*y^^] /• a lie, ca-
lumny, falsehood, unjust imputation.
4^52, ;^9^352 (;^— , :K— ) [^•
O^J^] /. Proof, affirmation, con-
firmation; an attainment, achieve-
ment.
<^^2 (;K — ) /. A manuscript, a
transcript, a copy of a book.
;^^2 [T. p. .i^j^l?] (^^_) m.
Precipice, steep cliffs and places,
a zigzag road.
^^2 [a. J-o\] m. Origin, source, ca-
pital, principle; lineage, family.
A^i, colloq. ^^iadj.indecl. Genuine,
real. »^^2 3l^ 'false, spurious'. Jb
A ^2 'without foundation, untrue'.
;i'g2 [a. U^l] adv. Never, by no means.
^Ji (^'— ) m. Nature, origin, kind,
gender.
£S«^m2 idt adv. Originally, naturally.
ftso^^i [A. ^^^^^] (;'f — )/. Appar-
atus; odds and ends of household
effects.
;2Sg2, vA^i (^l— ) (^(fJ- Original,
real, genuine, essential.
}kaS^i
54
;!ls2
^fr^ fhA u? Authenticity, genuineness.
^^i (;*— ) [T. o^x-i, o^i^^i] m.
A lion; a surname of several kings
of Persia; also used as a name of
a person.
fSf^aJ^Mi tolt. adv. Naturally, essenti-
ally.
;lLi'gi, coiioq. ;Jaigi (ju— ), /•
^^SaI > «^i- Natural, physical.
^£S0ui!Sm2 Naturalism, nature.
t^wi (2^ } [a. lJU-oI] m. A com-
pany of tradesmen, shop-keepers.
;^9^^52, 6s^^i (;^I— , ;&— ) [a.
OUSl] /. Proof; achievement. See
ifJl^l. Also ^SLOl, ^^jS2.
yJ^M2, v^^^2 [p. j^l-^^^, G- oTTiva-
Xtov] /. .Spinage.
hli [cf. A, ^■^, ^s^-o] /. Epilepsy,
fits.
2a-j| = 23m02 Tia. Garner, storeroom.
SaJdl [a. J^^^J / Prosperity, good
fortune. ^aitJ j^ pa 'unfortunate'. 2ab(>
^!3ktii 'fortunate'.
^o^o!SAti;^ [A. aui JLSl] A
title; gentleman of the chamber,
chief groom in waiting.
JyaLtij^ [a. "^L^^J ult adv. Fortunately,
luckily, happily.
yMSkiUj^ [h. JT]|5«] m. Carbuncle, ruby;
spinel; garnet.
i^pjal (;!' — ) [a.]/. Academy.
^oai (;&*—) A cut or slip of
grape-vine for planting; a wooden
hook tied at the end of a rope to
be used as a loop, through which
the other end of the rope may be
run for fastening.
ueio^sotii = .ol^>t}2 q. V. of which
it seems to be another reading. A
strong and bitter liquid; wine
undiluted with water.
jtfcjbi colloq. V. i. To be cold or cool.
P- p. 1^2, n. ;Jua2, >^Iti2.
jotcpl. ^AStJii. pres. JLiUiJ^b. See
SJtil.
)!iti2, i^^^^ ijM2, plur. I'iiSJbi, Mt.
-JsSiji) ^L^^9 I'oot, leg; pace, gait;
proportion, quantity. jaoX^Ljiitii'bad
omen'. ;^3at3i* ;^i 'pregnancy,
conception'. ;^mAm ^iLbi 'con-
stipation'. ^Sitti^ (vui^^ 'diarrhoea'.
.JbuM ;Ioor ^oS.tti 'may your
coming be blessed'. %jUbl3
ifSaJO 4sa j^o^cdcp 'you will re-
ceive in proportion to your work.'
Af2 ;^i» )S oot? ^l^ia '^e (^^n
!P9.BLS,Bi
55
bai
not keep pace with him', 'he can
not do like him'.
^j>jaSjci2 [A. ^v^iJl S^] f. Fee or
reward for the attendance of the
physician; the reward of a mes-
senger.
;iO^S^J (;» — ) [A. f.^\ G. xXTfia]
m. CHme, climate. See ^v^Xh
Ah? [a. "SIsl] ult. adv. At least.
?Io\ihj^ [Gr- ixxXrjoia] m. Church;
congregation,
ftt f Sj ^ lfil (U ) <^dj.m. Ecclesiastic,
ecclesiastical.
\l09*ta^SjOl (la — ) [g. exXsuj^i?] m.
Eclipse. See ^JOi^a!^iLti .
^IsisjEil (;K — ) /. One of a pair of
pantaloons, a trowser leg.
^ytil [a. ibyil]/. Kindred, near rela-
tives (used only in the singular).
• d^Atii [Gr. axpaxov] m. A strong
and hitter liquid; wine undiluted
with water.
93±ij^ [a. j\jS\] f. Acknowledgment,
promise, agreement; confession.
^b'itil (jio — ) [a. p. ^U^i/1] /.
A written agreement, a contract.
aJbi V. i. To be cold or cool; to be
discouraged, p.p. ;a!jJ2, /. ^**J2,
plur. ^SLtiil, pres. ^^, )^^'
inj. ;aJaiS, ^aJbjS. yC^aJtiii 'J,au2
'I was discouraged'.
^jJOl V. n. m. Becoming cold, cooling.
^AStJcil (;i" — ),/. ^ — , ptc^l A per-
son or a thing becoming cold or
cool.
VciSMl (;a— ) [T.] /. Window. Var.
;ttxotjl, ;iixtiL, ihxoi^.
4saJci2 n. Cooling, the process by
which something becomes cold.
23 1 (2'S ) [t. |;Ti m. Space, interval,
centre; friendly relation. See 2aL.
232 (2'a )w. The price paid for grind-
ing wheat or the like by a mill.
See 2"ai«. Comp. 2ayi^2.
232 V. i. To coagulate, to curdle (as
4siQ)bb matzoon) to thicken, p. p.
^32, /. <^32, plii'V. IfSil pres. jls^,
inf. i^^)S, See ;^32.
232 Alk. v. t. To seize, arrest, to
take hold of, to catch, p.p. ^3JJ,
/. .^32, plur. ;*32, pres. JIaS^si, inf.
232 V. i. and v. t. To snow, to hail. /.
^32 to rain (usually written 23iM )•
^532, Jb2 32 [t. p. c_;l^T] Water already
used for washing, waste water (com-
daai
56
AiM
monly used in the plural, a is
aspirated).
asth'l (ja ) [a. <-j>^j\] m. A pro-
prietor, superior, boss.
^fSfl6a^i Proprietorship, bossism.
;mi (;*_) [A. ^^, p. ^,\j\] f. A
cart, wagon, carriage; See ^yit.
v^al (jIL-) [p. T. ,y^<^\j)\] A
carter, a driver, charioteer, wag-
oner.
^IsOuajJaial The act of driving, the
work or trade of driving.
^ai, Alk. y^ai/. ^our.
^bl m. Four, ji^asi ^hl 'four
by four', 'fours'. ;b9jca l^Sihl 'four
fifths', 'four parts'.
laata^ai, ^sueo^SI ?3t3Viai ^».
Wednesday.
^^ioAaai,MT. .ooi^ao^ai All four
of them.
u^ai, Sal. ^a2 (^— ) Forty.
JjAaai Forties, forty days; a cere-
mony celebrated on the fortieth
day after birth, and occasionally
on the fortieth day after death.
SbCo^ai (la ) Fourteen.
2aiC9^ai Fourteens, fortnight; the
fourteenth day after death which
is observed with certain religious
ceremonies.
y^^A^ai, M^o^ai AH four of
them.
^^Saai, uiis^ai Ale. Same as
preceding.
liAai V. i. and v. t. To have or to
cause to have spasms or convulsions,
to convulse, p. p. ^JiLA^aoI; /•
.^ii^aol, .^^ae2, plur. ^i^X^aoI,
pres. ^oi^ai, inf. ^oS^aiS.
^it^SkVai {Xi ) ptcpl' One subject to
convulsions, convulsive, spasmodic;
causing convulsions.
^^A \ ^j n. A muscular contraction
of the body or some parts of it,
chiefly of the hands and feet; spas-
modic contraction of muscles, con-
vulsion, spasms, cramp, twisting.
uoV^ai, o\_ai [a. y^^\] /. A request,
solicitation; hope.
. oX^ai , yolai [p. o'>^.)^] ^^^' *^- A^K-
Purple, deep red, a purple dye; a
purple robe.
^o^ai (^' ) [Ass. argamannu] m.
Purple. Same as preceding,
y v\^ 3 adv. In a soliciting manner,
entreatingly.
Isil
57
,o;
Ihhi [A. Jf>j\] Mt. /. The floor,
ground.
2932 V. i. and v. t To curdle, to co-
agulate, p. p. ;l33o2, /. ^?^o2,
plitr. ^33o2, pres. ^oo^hl, ^9?^^'
inf. loo^hiS, Uo^^l^'
23^2 [a. p. and t. »>l;i] /. A written
document expressing the sovereign's
will; a mandate, a ferman.
^332, ^'&^'l (pt — ) \P- ^^^/» ^)^
flour, i__j\ water] /. A watery and
tasteless food, a semi-liquid food
for animals made of water and
flour, mash, bran; slop.
i,^3u0332 [p. ^y.y>_;^] A Persian
legislator who flourished about the
year 200 of our era.
;u332 (;i'_),/. ^ — .ptcpl.Qo^g-
ulative, coagulator.
/^332 n. Curdling, coagulation, the
act of changing from a liquid to
a thickened state.
;l^o32, ;^,o32 (;»_ ;iy_)iJM-
One who breaks wind. Var.
^S^\#>St? ^9^^ ■^^^' Thick, heavy.
LiDz. S. S. 406.
4sCk032 Alk. a pack or load for one
side of a pack animal, a half
load.
^03j^ (^" — ) m. Alms, charity (com-
monly used in the singular).
4sJ!J032 n. Spittle, saliva.
^032 (j5i ) ad^. m. Ductile.
^^OX032 Ductility.
;3j:b32 (;*■ — ), /. ^ — , Ductible,
ductile.
^^o&iiosi Ductibility, ductility.
^fsi (jf 32) wi. Cedar, cypress tree.
^f 32 ()^f 32) [cs.] m. An ordinance, a
mystery, secret; sacrament; mass.
^^Jlaa^OfSi [t. o^^y o^jj^] A
kind of large 2^S^.
,» "
uj-ifsi (^'— ) [p. ^^j^\?] m. A
kind of apple,
uf 32 [cf. A. (^^^^] Arable lands, lands.
JaaUf 32, ^iLaL^f 32 [cf. p. ^yj^^ and k.
i-^^^l] Surroundings, environs, out-
skirts.
. f 32 V. i. and v. t To be cheap, to
cheapen, to make cheap, p. p.
;lf302,/ ^f3o2, ^f3o2 plur.
1^9^02, pres. l^o^h 2, i>/-;40f32^.
^bi; Alk. ^'ai or ^ij [p. ^j^\]
adj. indecl. Cheap, low priced, low.
K. i^^jj\ AbM. uip<fiu^j uiJ-uib.
jNMtbi
58
^ii
^fiSO&fSi Cheapness; a time of cheap-
ness and plenty,
y&^bi adj. Cheap.
^JJfsi (^4— )' '^^ — ' ^^^' ^^^''
taining to ordinances, with or-
dinances of the church.
uA&fsl Mt. a species of fig.
^JklfSi (;i — ), ^M — , ptcpl. One
who lowers the market or cheapens
goods.
/^fdl, ^^OUfSl n. Cheapening;
rendering cheap, lowering the
market.
lyhl (;^a:32, Mt. i^a^'il) /• A
water-mill, a mill.
;Ah2, Sal. ;^3j^ (^'^i ^^i) ^'^- ^^^
/. A guest, a visitor, company.
Ji^OuMSi A banquet, a feast, the state
of being a guest.
wwMdi [t. o^lsi.^;^ cA'^'^j^] adj. indecl.
Sure, careless, fearless.
Jt^o&MMdi Fearlessness, carelessness;
security.
if—) [T. c^<^j\, ^j\] f. An
undercoat, a kind of lined jacket
which is worn by both men and
women.
^bi V. t To break wind, to vent wind
from the bowels by the anus. p. p.
;i^a2, /. i^Jil, plnr. ^bil, pres,
;i^3;a, V. n. ;i^32, n. ^32,
^32*.
;iai, Sal. ^^l {dual ^Jii, plur.
^^ooi, ^^ou'Si) Lion.
;:3i, Sal. ;:s2 (;;3i, ;«sol3i) a
holiday, a festival. See ^ii.
^52 V. i. To coagulate, to curdle, p.p.
iL^lf' ^32, pres. ;I3;3, w. ;l32,
4s*32, ptcpl ^hii.
^bl /, A dish made of molasses and
the meal of parched corn or wheat ;
a kind of thick molasses.
^3 2 A lioness.
5Ujj32 coUoq. V. n. To be long, to be
extensive; to delay, p. p. ^32, /.
>^92, pliir. ^92.
^32 (ja — ) ac?;'. Mt. Long.
m32 [Skt. ari/a] m. Aryan (race).
Hi32 [t. o^.j?j lit. matter, pus] a^^.
indecl. A very disagreeable and
quarrelsome person; miser.
^32 (^" — ) A rainy day, a rainy
time. See ^3^.
^92 QjL ) m. ptcpl. Anything that
curdles or can be curdled.
;iuS2
59
ts^^ioai
?A*3{^ [^' C^^i;] Sweet basil, an
odoriferous herb.
hCLal colloq. V. t To spit. ptc})!.
^ijLii, n. Ijolhl, >^32. See Jdbl.
^^1 n. Raining, snowing, hailing.
4s*32 n. Curdling, coagulating, the
state of being curdled.
^32 (;SJ — ) /. A patch, patch-
work. See ^MiaL.
^s2 (j&I — ) /. Holly-hock, rose
mallow with flowers of various
colors which are applied as a
remedy for ulcers.
ijn»\;y>»u52 [o. apiQixTQ-cixTj] /. Arith-
metic.
iS*^i3L^tX3JSA32 adv. Arithmetically.
?J1>V^V>iS*32 (;!' — ), /. >^Lo — , adj.
Arithmetician.
<^3i (}a) [g. ap;(6(;] 5>L Tower, a small
citadel.
4^32 Mt. v. i. To be long, to take a
long time, to continue. ]). x?. Ja*32,
pres. ^aa^b.
Jaal V. n. Growing long, the state of
being lengthened, extension.
;aa2 (;b_) [p. ^^^j\] f. A small
saw.
;^aQo^iaai(;5— ) [G.] Archbishop.
Archdeacon.
^^OkoCLak^bi, ;^oiafiU^32 Arch-
deaconry.
^oaai yoabi (^ — ) [g. apx«)v] A
chief, a governor; a title given to
a high official administrator in a
diocese, archon.
JDOSk'Si [g. apxo?] An order of angels,
principaKties (used only in the
plural).
«a32 (ji— ) (T. ^j^] m- and /.
Mediator, a go-between, peace-
maker.
oi^S^ai [g. apxiirsXayo?] Archi-
pelago.
^3 2 (^'— ) = v?***?^^^ ^^^^"
deacon.
^32 n. The state of being lengthened,
extension.
^^32 [o. apxxixo;] Arctic.
4^32 (;!k;— ) [T. &Jb'^] Space, in-
terval; public, common. JiAais
'between', 'among', liAaibB \^^
'to be lost to sight, to disappear
from public view'.
£S*J[!X)3i adv. In the Hellenistic Greek
language.
fiv>;io9]
60
\&ii
^^32 cidv. In the Aramaic or Syriac
language.
«2l^Ob032 (^ ) [t.]/. Barren (animal).
^odbsi /. A masculine woman (said
contemptuously of a barren woman).
^Qbobi (;l' — ) [g. apjiovia] Har-
mony, harmonica,
^obobi (^SJ — ) /. Pomegranate.
Yar. ;loboS2, ^iobos, ;xaoob
^I^ai (jll' ) adj. Hellenic, Greek,
heathen, gentile.
^llaoii (iH ) adj. Aramean, Syrian,
Aramaic, Syriac.
^^Oubbsi Hellenism, heathenism.
^^flu^ai Aramaism.
A»*ioai (^' — ) m. A widower.
^JSo\^3i Widowhood, widower-
hood.
^ISMboSi (jS* — ) A widow.
i\apai V. i. To become a widower, jj.^.
}^ho2,f. :is^'^o2, .^L^bol,
plur. i^hol, pres. ii^oboai.
;Li»Di, )Siohl (;i— ) [cs.] Mt. m..
A widower.
;^<Ah09i, ;^Ab03i Mt. widow-
hood, widowerhood.
^"^32 (I'i^ — ) A widow.
4s^32?2. The state of being a widow
or widower.
^MiJLLboSl adv. In the Armenian
language.
;Iii9a2, Sal. ^^isohl (l^—), f- <^— ,
adj. An Armenian.
^^Ou3.M32 Armenianism.
Jiaoai adj. m. An Arminian.
^^oiliSeSi Arminianism.
^ao&ai Tel., ;|uai [cs.] /. A hare,
a rabbit.
aooAsi (23 — ) [t. >^Uj^\] n. and adj.
A large and stout man; an Al-
banian.
UB>32 [a. \Zi^\] f. Patrimony, an in-
heritance, heritage.
;L32 (i'fy—) / Earth, land, soil,
ground, back-ground.
Ji&Lai (ji' ) adj. Earthy, earthly.
JS^^iLai uJt. adv. Terrestrially, after
an earthly manner.
^liLsi, coiioq. ;2Lhi (;l» — , «;» — )
adj. Earthy, earthly, pertaining to
this world, made of earth.
ilft^ouiLai^.EarthlinesSjterrestrialness.
iS^ai V. i. and v. t. To reel (as the
result of a blow), to stagger, to
cause to stagger, p. 2)- ^!!k^ao2,/.
f^3^
61
,Saxl
pres. ;iSo^ai.
One who staggers.
.^i^ai, ;^flA^9i n. The state or
condition of a staggerer, stagger-
ing.
jEihl V. t To spit. ])' P- ;Ltt*32, /.
^)^/.;Jb3;^. Yar.^l^a, yfiUa, wtt.a2.
^32 y. n. Spitting.
\h^? v. i. and v. t To delay, to wait,
to expect, to continue, to cause to
delay, p. p. xHtihol, /. .^iS^902,
>^^!^9o2, phtr. xikjahol, pres.
i^obai. See \tibX.
;Lia3i (;i*— ),/. ^— , ptcpi
Delayer, one who delays; slow.
>^^\tt9i, ;^0]iS^92 n. Delay, pro-
crastination.
^Jdsl (Ui — ),/. >iuub— , ptcpl
One who spits.
^stiai ?*• Spitting, expectoration.
<S32 [cs.] V. ?'. and v. t. To draw out
or expand (a ductile metal).
«2 (;x;S2) Mt. [t. ^^.] /. The
rate of speed in motion; pace,
gait; attack; assault. See jtx.
JSii Mt. v. t. To inherit, to possess.
See ^yl.
liih^opkhl (im — ) [g. 6p665o$o?] m.
Orthodox, /. >^LjKDCkb3^92.
^^ooaoa^Si, ^loaosi^ai n. Or-
thodoxy.
Jllsk^JSai [g. apTYjpia] m. Artery (rare).
w^dsai Mt. v. t and v. i. To stir.
a^ imp. Hush! be silent! Used also
as an interjection. It is an ab-
breviation of the imp. bboJSXj^ or
JdoitA from the verb Jtiiisst 'to be
silent'.
^X2 TiA. V. i. To come, p. p. ^2,, /.
;3US2, pres. ^^.
;bj52 To sup. See ^atL.
^fO^Jxif [t. ,^j^^\ ur^3] indecl. The
master of work, one who has the
charge of the provisions at a feast
or wedding.
Ji^iucZ colloq. = A '^Y q. v. m. The
fifth month of the year, February,
answering to the latter part of
January and the first part of
February.
IkLiiiXl colloq. = ltS>t'' 1^ The seventh,
a seventh part.
iAa»|| TiA. and Alk. Seven.
,saxl
62
Jtsothxl
Ssm^ Tkh. Same as preceding.
3jCDi^i3X2 Ash. Seventeen.
^l'r t^\ht ^ TiA. and Alk. Seven
hundred.
;?ifliVnt2, l^l^axl Tkh. Same as
preceding.
lojyxl ^dt [p. U.>j^l] A dragon, a large
serpent; See Joysfi.
9b.box2 m. The planet Jupiter. See
y.9^SObO. Correctly alfibfL.
90S2 Ashur, the highest god of the
Assyrians.
|i^30X2 [cf. T. d.^^yl^\] m. A belt
across the shoulder for carrying
small arms, a cartridges belt.
la,i Supper. See ^L.
^2 (;&*—) [k- >.:^\] Ava-
lanch.
Jlaa2 Another reading of JlaaJ^, pivot
of a door.
^^ Dual ;bJK2, plur. ;&aa2, w.
Testicle.
uajsi (jij— ) [T. ^^^] Mt. m. and /.
A cook. See ^f^t?,
,^S»MS2 /. A testicle.
iiva52 {i^—) also i^2 [T. JiUil]
f. Latch, a catch for a door; de-
sign, plot; pull.
v^a^ij (^_) [T. ^=^-^1] adj. A
keeper or driver of donkies.
^^SLl [p. <J^-i^l, d.^JSJ:i\] f. Broth,
juice of meat slightly cooked ; broth
with pieces of bread.
03b£kakX2 /. A kind of herb the root
of which is eaten raw ; Tab. biestings,
fresh or curdled.
ViciSl [P- ^^^\] adj. indecl. Clear,
manifest, evident. Arm. uiiJiuipiuj.
MiO^aXl Sal. /. A torrent, a violent
flow.
^^X)^;^ (;K — ) /. A piece of land,
an acre, a measure of area.
%Sha2KX2 [t. ^^^^^\] To fester and
discharge corrupt matter, (said of
a wound) construed with Joo/.
^is!Lil [t. «*M^X)-iol] m. A purgative
medicine, cathartic.
jjsS<«2 [t. cx«i;)l ?] adv. adj. Moder-
ately, tolerably; tolerable.
Jlixl [P- ^-^^] A friend, an acquaint-
ance, a companion.
;^oJjc2, ;^Q^, coUoq. ^m^l,
Friendship, acquaintance, intimacy.
yAi2 Mt. a kind of apple.
f'^'f] (X^ ") [p. }^] m. and/. Cook.
;^0^2 Cookery.
;L>>^ti
63
;n2
Kitchen, restaurant, cuisine,
\fibsi(iy'— ) [T. Jlii:^!?] w. Ingre-
dients, baser ingredients, foreign
elements also isJttiiOl Sjtkxl.
lixl (23 ) [h. ^^^^f] m. Asherah,
a Semitic goddess, the consort of
Bel. See :sb^^JQ»^.
uSbxl [t.] adj. indecl. Stout and
fast growing (child or young of an
animal), fast growing (plant). See
uA>ad;2 [t. ,^\)^^^J? lit. between
acts] a cup of wine taken between
meals.
ui^aai (jl— ) [P- C5V^] wi. Ashrefee,
Shereefee, a Persian gold coin
equivalent to two dollars and
twenty-seven cents.
;^ois'i3:2, £S3d:2, 23^2 [a. ijli^\] f.
Reference, pointing, mark, signal,
wink, hint.
i^lf. Six.
^l m. Six. fyi^ ^2 'six by six'.
jliAO .^2 'six sevenths, six parts'.
:^l (;'^—., ;"^— ) /• Bottom,
foundation, basis; fundament, but-
tock; anus; sole (of a shoe).
^2 (:&*—, ;^_)/- The con-
cluding part, end, conclusion, ter-
mination; the root of a plant.
^2j f' The remainder of any thing,
sediment, dregs, ^bsbo ^^2 'rubbish,
odds and ends, remnants'.
^2 /. Fever.
;;^2iN3B2 Tkh. Six hundred.
oai^x2, oaj!^:, [a. U^xi^i] / Appe-
tite, desire, wish. oajftOJ23 )Sa,A
'to eat with relish'.
Mo^iisAO^x2, u^io^s2, yomisioisxl
Mae. All six of them.
^isxl (jl— ) Sixty.
;I^*isx2 (?1— ) m. Sixth, one sixth.
;;t0^JB2, Tkh. J;*^*;; six hundred.
ai6i-i5a2 Sixteen.
yOao|s403kj66-isx2All sixteen of you.
^36sX2, k^a^2 [e.]/- ^ pecuniary
penalty, fine.
2b90*.^isx2 Hexaemeron, an ac-
count of the six days of creation.
MO;(4is^2 Mt. Mo^^fto(2 Ashit.
All six of them.
{S2 TiA. There is, there are. See
^«2.
I6s2 'V' t- and V. i. To come, to draw
near, to occur; to fit; to enjoy; to
^b\
64
^NoV^^i
succeed; to be fruitful. p.^J- ^£s2, /.
^6sl, plnr. Jjj^2, Mt. ^jsl, pres.
ik^, coiioa. ;I^*3, Mt. i,ia,
inf. ;:i;[S. Var. ^i, ;^2, ^i,
crops are good.' ;i'^2 ;a»a^ Joyl
u^ \^ 'I enjoyed this supper'.
^^^2 ^M \^af oSon 'lie succeeded'.
C3fis2 t^- i' To sit, to sit down, to sit
up; to dwell, to settle down; to
rest; to watch. See csfisl.
;ja^2 (ji'— ), /• ^ — i^^cp?. One
who sits or settles, an inhabitant.
^kol V. n. m. Sitting, dwelling, set-
tling.
issis^ [A. CjU^'^] Alk. Proof, evidence.
See iS3ml.
<^^2 w. Sitting, dwelling.
^oJS2 (jli' ) [Ass. attmu, utiinu] m.
Furnace.
JS*2ao^2 cidv. In the Assyrian lan-
guage.
^30JS2 (il' — ) adj. An Assyrian, be-
longing or relating to Assyria.
;^o^2 (;&:_, ;&o_) [cs.] /. a
letter, character, sign, type.
^^>«0^2 ult. adv. Literally, letter
by letter.
^^OJSi {il — ) adj. m. Literal.
lt,is2 V. n. m. Coming, arriving, oc-
curence, event.
Akisl colloq. V. i. and v. t To sit, to
dwell, ptcpl ;liukl, n. ^isi,
^^2. See s36f^.
;I^ou^2 (Jt— ) [G. AlQlo^] adj. m.
Ethiopian, belonging or relating to
Ethiopia.
^JS2 (;Li" — ),/. 4su — One who
comes, a comer. jLJiJ^f2 pl*JS2
'visitors, callers, guests'.
^oeu^i, ^fiL^2[G.'?j9ixa)v]/. Ethics,
moral science.
6s*^6^a^6si ult adv. Morally.
^^oiafiL^i, ;^Owlat3U6s2 Morality,
upright conduct.
9miJK2 [g. al9rjp] m. Esther (rare).
I^lsi n. Coming, arriving. ,^ix^a ^^2
'coming and going, intercourse'.
^6^2 colloq. adv. So, thus, likewise.
See Raiser.
Shsi (^— ) [^'^\ J^''^ A horse-
man, cavalier.
V^^\ (^— ) [^- «9XYixr]?] m. An
athlete, champion, a warrior.
ft-tPV Ak? lilt. adv. Athletically.
Jl^o^^Atsi Athletics, contest.
^isi^M
65
;^o»Ubai2Lxtio
[g. 'AxXavTixo?] m. Atlantic
(ocean).
jgSisi (^ ) [g- axXa;] in. A col-
lection of maps bound together,
atlas.
JOstJ^Ss'l (Uo ) "^- ^ satin fabric,
satin.
/Si^I [<j- a.zo[Loi\ m. Atom.
\aiisl [Ass. itimali] The day before
yesterday, yesterday.
;^o£S^^2, ^^"^^ [A.cu»U>\]/. Obe-
dience to a command, submission,
loyalty.
;^ai^^^2, Ja^^Z [a. ^li^l] Unity,
concord, compact.
yMiJSI^JSj^ [cs.] Ephphata 'be opened',
(Mark 7. 34).
23^2 (;&o_), [cs.] Mt. itso—\
coUoq. M^^o , Country, land, home.
diaS^i Eng. /. Attraction.
;ili3^2, ilWl (ij'—) adj. m. Of or
belonging to country; local; [rare].
«^3^2 {i^—) [A. ^\^\] m. and/.
A subject of a certain landlord.
who owns property in another land-
lord's soil; a foreigner; an outsider.
^JSOudsJsi The state or condition of
being an u53ftv2.
;^9^2 (;SJ — ) /. A tumor, gland.
Var. ;^^^2, ;^3X2.
^^OfOS^l [p. ^jV^i^'^j A pyrotechnic
display, the use of fireworks.
;L^£S2 [P- ^J^ ^'\] /. The nipple
of a firearm; the inside of a gun-
barrel.
A3:is2 TiA. ^^2 Tkh. /. Nine.
jikS^^ TiA. jijtfisi AsHiTH. m. Nine.
wJbais2 Ninety.
:;A^JS;;, l^JaoLSJt^sl "I'ia. Nine
hundred.
;;ia;VJCJS2 , ;;^l!kS^2 Tkh. Nine
hundred.
3kA>ViSis2 Nineteen.
m074^^^2' ^^^^;^ Teh. All nine
of them.
M»3>^is2 (;is — ) [p. ^^-^^. ^^
m. and/. A fire worshipper.
;^o^jQ33Axi\2 [p. s.j n. Fire worship.
VITA.
The author was born April 25, 1853, in Urmi, Persia.
Having received his preliminary education in the town-school
and at home, he entered Urmi College, Urmi, Persia in 1864.
He took a six years' course which involved the study of Oriental
languages, as Syriac, Arabic, Persian, Armenian, Science and Theo-
logy. He gTaduated in 1870. In 1870 received also his appoint-
ment to give instruction in Oriental languages in Urmi College,
until 1886 when he was called to America to assist in the revision
of the Scriptures in Modern Syriac under the auspices of the Bible
Society. He entered the General Theological Seminary, New York
in 1888 and graduated in 1890. He founded the Oriental Mission
and joined it to St. Bartholomew's Church, New York. He
was promoted to the Holy orders of Priesthood by Bishop Potter
of New York in 1891.
In 1893, he entered the School of Philosophy of Columbia
University, to pursue his studies in some of the Semitic
languages under Prof. R. J. H. Gottheil, and Indo-Iranian under
Prof. A. V. W. Jackson, and received the degree of A. M. in 1895.
In 1895 he was appointed Lecturer in Modern Oriental
languages at Columbia, and was candidate for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy, his subjects being the Semitic and Indo-
Iranian languages.
He is now engaged in giving instruction in the Oriental
languages in Columbia University, and is in charge of the Oriental
Mission of St. Bartholomew's church.
Of y^p •
OF
PRINTED BY W. DRTJQTJLIN, LEIPZIG.
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