. STYLE MANUAL OF THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE COMPILED UNDER DIRECTION OP THE PUBLIC PRINTER WASHINGTON, D. C. 1922 STYLE MANUAL OF THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE COMPILED UNDER DIRECTION OF THE PUBLIC PRINTER WASHINGTON, D. C. 1922 PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF GEORGE H. CARTER Public Printer BOARD OF REVISION HERMANN B. BARNHART WILLIAM H. CORNISH JOHN GREENE WALTER R. JOHNS JOHN P. MURRAY CHARLES E. YOUNG Washington, D. C. February, 1922 EXTRACT FROM THE PUBLIC-PRINTING LAW OF JANUARY 12, 1895 : : : : : SECTION 51. The forms and style in which the printing or binding ordered by any of the depart- ments shall be executed, and the material and the size of type to be used, shall be determined by the Public Printer, having proper regard to economy, workman- ship, and the purposes for which the work is needed. in STYLE SUMMARY. Page. Approval by the Joint Committee on Printing and the Permanent Conference on Printing vm Authors and department editors, suggestions to 1 Composition, rules and style of 11 Abbreviations 27 Addresses 38 Authority 1 1 Bill style 47 Capitalization 11 Guide to capitalization 20 Court of Claims headings for records and briefs 52 Court style 50 Datelines 41 Figures 30 Follow, follow lit., reprint, etc 47 Foreign governments, table of principal 14 Hearings 43 Introduction 11 Italic 47 Leader work 37 Miscellaneous 47 Orthography 44 Punctuation 42 Signatures 39 Supreme Court headings for transcript of record and for briefs 53 Tabular work 32 Testimony 43 Compound and noncompound words 189 Compound words, list of 190 Congressional Record style 78 Addresses and signatures 85 Call of the House 84 Capitalization 78 Caps and small caps, use of 80 Congressional proceedings 87 House 94 Adjournment, recess, and evening session 98 Amendments 98 Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union 95 Conference report and statement 96 House briefs 99 Pension bills 97 Senate 87 Amendment, third reading, and passage of a bill 89 Bills considered as in Committee of the Whole 91 Confirmations 93 Forms cf amendments 90 Injunction of secrecy removed 92 Nominations 92 Rejection 93 Third reading and passage of a bill 89 Withdrawals 93 Contractions 78 Credits 85 Extracts 85 Figures 79 Forms for speech heads 86 Forms of titles : 84 Generalrules 78 V VI SUMMARY. Congressional Record style Continued. Page. Italic 79 Miscellaneous 79 Pairs 84 Parentheses and brackets 81 Punctuation 81 Voting by yeas and nays 83 Votingin the House andin Committee of the Whole 82 Congressional Record index style 102 Rules and examples 102 Semimonthly history of bills 104 Semimonthly index 102 Copy editors, compositors, operators, readers, and revisers, instructions to 5 Composition 6 Editing copy 5 Reading and copy holding 6 Revising 7 Signature marks 9 House Journal index style 118 History of bills in House Journal 118 Index in House Journal 118 Journals, House and Senate, style of 105 General rules 105 House 107 History of bills in House Journal index 118 Index in House Journal 118 Instructions for setting votes in House Journal 114 Senate 105 History of bills in Senate Journal index 115 History of bills under names of Senators introducing them 116 Index in Senate Journal 115 Instructions for setting votes in Senate Journal 114 Style of Senate omnibus bills 117 Nominations, reports, documents, and laws 54 Dating proclamations , commissions, and similar Executive documents 75 Executive Calendar 60 Executive Journal extracts 60 General rules for nominations 54 Messages 58 Reports, documents, and laws Cl Samples of laws 75 Samples of nominations 55-57 Withdrawal 58 Railroads, titles of 138 Reports, documents, and laws 61 House documents 63, 71, 73 Engineer document 63 Estimates of appropriations 71-75 House reports 61, 62, 68 Conference report 68 Pension report 62 Senate documents 66, 70 Conference report printed as Senate document 70 Court of Claims document 66 Senate report 65 Specification style 120 Abbreviations 120 Capitalization 121 Compounds 120 Divisions 123 Figures 121 Gothics 123 Italics and roman 122 Orthography 123 SUMMARY. VII Specification style Continued. Page. Plurals 123 Possessives 122 Punctuation 120 Reference letters and figures 122 Samples of headings 124 States, Territories, and counties, list of 152 Title-pages, Senate and House hearings .* 76, 77 Useful information 126 Accented letters frequently used 130 Astronomical signs 129 Average number of words in a line and page and number of ems in a page 131 Bookbinding 187 Chemical elements and symbols 127 Dimensions of type pages and trim of printed books 130 Electrotype-foundry work 179 Greek alphabet 129 Imposition 161 Increase of text by using leads 131 Length of page 130 Making-up 161 Mathematical signs 129 Metric tables 128 Capacity 128 Common measures and their metric equivalents 128 Length 128 Surface 128 Weight 128 Miscellaneous tables 126 Names of the months in five languages 129 Number of words and ems to the square inch 131 Plate dimensions 181 Presswork 182 Principal and guide meridians and base lines 137 Relative number of ems in a page 131 Roman numerals 129 Rule cut to 6-point in 8-point tables 133 Scale for indexing 188 Signatures for eights and sixteens 135 Standard set measurements 132 Standard sizes of books and paper 178 Unit value of l|-point rules 133 Unit value of 6, 8, and 10 point monotype characters 134 United States equivalents of weights and measures used in foreign agricultural statistics 136 Values of foreign coins 126 APPROVAL BY THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON PRINTING Congress of the United States, Joint Committee on Printing, Washington, February 4, 1922. Dear Sir: Receipt is acknowledged of the proof pages of the Government Printing Office Style Manual for inspection and approval. The Style Manual as compiled and submitted is approved by the Joint Committee on Printing. Respectfully, GEORGE H. MOSES, Chairman. To the PUBLIC PRINTER, Government Printing Office. RESOLUTION OF THE PERMANENT CONFERENCE ON PRINTING The following resolution was unanimously adopted on Janu- ary 11, 1922, by the Permanent Conference on Printing, composed of representatives of the various executive departments and inde- pendent establishments of the Government, as organized with the approval of the President and the Director of the Bureau of the Budget: RESOLVED, That the Government Printing Office Style Manual as compiled under direction of the Public Printer be approved and adopted as the style to be followed in all Government departments and independent bureaus on and after February 15, 1922. vm SUGGESTIONS TO AUTHORS AND DEPARTMENT EDITORS. Copy should be carefully edited, in accordance with the style laid down in this Style Manual before being sent to the Government Printing Office ; that is, editing should not be done on proof sheets. This STYLE MANUAL is intended to facilitate public printing. If those submitting copy for publication will carefully observe the following suggestions, they will con- tribute materially toward that end. Copy should be sent flat, numbered consecutively, typewritten if possible, unless reprint, and each page should begin with a paragraph, as the passing of "run downs" is an expensive operation. The Government Printing Office style must be followed in department printing in all cases. Write on one side of the paper only. Duplicate copy of reprint must be fur- nished when possible if both sides are to be used. Authors and departments are requested to send to this office the first sheets of copy, not the carbon copies, for the first sheets are much plainer than the carbons. This is especially requested for copy in foreign languages and copy containing figures. Proper names, foreign words, and technical terms should be written plainly and verified. Illegible signatures and figures should be rewritten. Corrections of figures should not be written over the originals. Manuscript and typewritten copy in a foreign language should be marked accu- rately to show capitalization, punctuation, accents, etc. Abbreviations should not be used unless they are to be printed as written, in which case they should be marked "follow." Answer all queries on proof, as delay and errors often result from neglecting them. All tabulated statements should be written on separate sheets; that is, end the preceding paragraph of text on one sheet, place the table on the next, and commence the next paragraph on the following sheet. Reference marks in text and tables should be arranged consecutively across each page. (See table, p. 36.) Photographs, drawings, etc., for illustrations should accompany manuscript, each bearing the name of the publication in which it is to be inserted and the figure num- ber or plate number. The proper place for each illustration should be indicated on the copy by title, legend, or otherwise. If a publication is composed of several parts, a scheme of the desired arrangement should accompany the first installment of copy. All corrections should be made on first proofs submitted, later proofs being intended for the purpose of verification only. Plate corrections will be made only when abso- lutely necessary. Requisitions for work containing illustrations should give explicit instructions as to whether or not illustrations are to be furnished by the Government Printing Office, giving the number and indicating the process of reproduction. Instructions should be given on the margin of each illustration if reduction is necessary. A publication containing illustrations should be accompanied by a letter certifying that the illustrations are necessary and relate entirely to the transaction of public business. (See 33 Stat. L. 1213.) Samples are desirable and should be furnished if possible. They should be plainly marked, showing clearly whether intended for style of type, size of type page, paper, trim, lettering, or binding. 1 S7>YLE MANUAL. It is imperative that corrections should be marked on the margins of a proof sheet opposite the indicated errors. Do not attempt to make a correction by writing over the print or between the lines. Errors marked in this way are in danger of being overlooked and are generally illegible. Proofs read by authors or department readers should be marked to conform to the following style: Period. ) Comma. - Hyphen. ! Colon. 5 Semicolon. ^ Apostrophe, [notations. Em quadrat. One-em dash. Two-em parallel dash. ^ Push down space. ^ Close up. ^ Less space. /\ Caret left out, insert. ^/ Turn to proper position. 77^ Insert space. T or 37 Move to left or to right. // or L-i Move up or move down. A/L. Transpose. ..-or xiGT Let it stand. <~ Dele take out. <2> Broken letter. Paragraph. No paragraph. : Wrong font. Jr Equalize spacing. Capitals. Small capitals. Lower-case. Superior or inferior. Italic. Homan. Brackets. Parentheses. SUGGESTIONS TO AUTHORS AND DEPARTMENT EDITORS, TYPOGRAPHICAL . C-. irfdoe^ not appear that the earliest printers had any method A of v '^orrecting^errors v ' before^ the form / wafPon the press/ The learned ! Fk&--isw*f cor- / rectors of the first two centuries of printing were not proof/readers in our sense/ they w/ere rather what we should erm office editors. Their labors were chiefly to see that the proof corresponded to the copy, but that the printed page was correct in its /atinity-4b6d^t?^e>f^^Grg- thcre^ and that the sense was right. They cared -fetrt little about orthography, bad letters A or purely printer^ errors, and when the text seemed to them wrong they consulted fresh authorities or altered it on their own responsibility. Good proof s A in the modern sense, were ^^possiBle until professional readers were employed/ men who [hadj first] a printer's education, and then spent many years in the correct|6n of proof. The orthography of / English, which for the past century has under A */ gone little change, was very fluctuating until after '/\' the publication of Johnson's Dictionary, and capi- tals, which have been used with considerable reg- _r% ft ularity for the past(8) years, were previously used on the [miss fofyhit^ plan. The approach to regu- 2// A larity, so far as we have/ may be attributed to the / growth of a class of professional proof readers, and fr / it is to them that we owe the correctness of mod- jR I As ern printing.^ More er/ors have been found in the / Bible than in any other one work. For many gen^, erations it was frequently the case that Bibles were brought out stealthily, from fear of govern- C jnental interference. /\ They were frequently printed from imperfect texts, and were often mod- ff ified to meet the views of those who publised ^ /7 them. The story is related that a certain woman C? in Germany, who was the wife of a printer, and &.. /I had become disgusted with the continual asser- / ^ /-j~. /ICTTL* tionjf ofi the I superiority^ of man over woman which / O'l she had heard, hurried into the composing room / - while her husband_ was at supper and altered a sentence in the v JKible, which, he was^printing, so that it readJ^ar^instead of A Herr, A thus making the verse read "And he shall be thy fool" instead of '^(nd he shall be thy/ord." The word^not. was omitted by Barker, the fang's printer in En- / / gland inl632,inprintmgtheseventhcommand|ment A (*>/ He was fined .(1000 on this account. INSTRUCTIONS TO COPY EDITORS, COMPOSITORS, OPERATORS, READERS, AND REVISERS. EDITING COPY. The first duty of copy editors is to mark those things which are not readily under- stood and to indicate headings, indentions, dashes, new pages, new odd pages, and such other matters as are necessary to give the completed book a good typographic appearance. Mark size of text type and whether it is to be leaded or double leaded, etc.; verify folio numbers, and plainly indicate references, footnotes, cut-ins, etc. Copy not otherwise marked will be set solid. It is not absolutely necessary to mark again anything which has been plainly indi- cated at the beginning of a sheet, as the preparation is to be followed if the same thing should appear more than once on the sheet; but on copy marked "follow" the preparation must be carried throughout. Copy which is ordered to be kept clean and returned intact must be marked as lightly as possible, so that erasures may be easily made. Copy editor's instructions, which accompany each job, are written to cover the general style and certain peculiarities or deviations from style. These instructions must be followed. The following rules will apply to manuscript, typewritten, or printed copy: Abbreviations. In marking abbreviations to be spelled, copy editors must show wh^t the spelled form will be, unless the abbreviations are common and not susceptible of two con- structions. Addresses. Mark caps, small caps, italic, and abbreviations, indicating where lines are to be broken if necessary. Capitalization. Capital and lower-case letters must be indicated, especially unusual forms. Decimals. In figure columns containing decimals, editors must indicate at top of each folio the number of decimal places necessary to align the points. Footnotes and References. Footnotes and references should run consecutively from 1 to 99. Copy editors must see that references and footnotes are plainly marked and indicate full, half, or third measure. Last footnote number must be given to chief reviser, who will enter it on his copy book, so that there will be no question as to the next footnote number. (See also Page and stone revising, p. 7.) Headings. Mark case number of headings on each sheet once; if two or more sizes are used, mark each in every instance; indicate italic, small caps, and caps and small caps, specifying size of type. Pick-up. Always indicate jacket number of job from which matter is to be picked up. 5 6 STYLE MANUAL. Reprint Copy. Copy editor must ascertain whether reprint can be picked up; and if it can, he must state the jacket number of the pick-up. Signs, Symbols, Etc. In text and tables all signs, symbols, dashes, superiors, etc., must be plainly marked; write names of Greek letters when used, as they are frequently mistaken for italic or signs. The symbols Al, 01, Tl are sometimes mistaken for Al, 01, Tl in typewritten matter. Copy editors must indicate that the character is an "1," not the figure 1. Casting Tables. In making cast for tables care must be taken to allow sufficient space in columns for the footnote figures. (See p. 36.) COMPOSITION. Compositors and operators are directed to study carefully the rules governing com- position. A failure to do this will show plainly on the proof. Every precaution must be taken to prevent the soiling of proof sheets, as it is neces- sary for the reviser to see clearly every mark on the margin of a proof after it has been corrected. After a proof is read the first time, if a word or line is pied or a "drop-out" occurs, it is the duty of the workman to call attention to it in writing on the latest proof sheet. If a proof sheet is not available or immediately at hand, the types involved must be placed feet uppermost when returning them to position. This direction is for all who handle type. In correcting matter set on the linotype machine, care must be taken to insert cor- rected type slugs in their proper places and to remove only such type slugs as contain errors. Matter must be "run down" to see that lines have not been duplicated or eliminated. If in doubt, read the slugs. It is often impossible to decide whether a poor proof is due to bad type or cold metal or only to a poor impression; therefore, in order to insure accuracy and to save time, the operator must indicate such portions as have been reset. Do not make corrections when queries are in a ring, as the queries are intended for the author. READING AND COPY HOLDING. Foremen of composing rooms will see that copy editor's instruction sheet is sent to proof room with first installment of each job. Readers must consult copy editor's instruction sheet. Speed is desirable and must be aimed at, but accuracy is of first importance. If the reader detects inconsistent and erroneous statements, obviously made by the writer through lapse of memory or slip of the pen, it is his duty to correct them. He must know, not suspect, that they are errors, and be prepared, if called upon, to vindicate the soundness of his correction by recognized authority. If he does not know, he should query. When the grammatical construction of a sentence or clause is questioned by a reader and it seems desirable to change the form, indicate the proposed correction, add a query mark, and inclose all in a ring. If a statement of fact is thought erro- neous or is doubtful, underscore the matter in doubt and carry query mark in ring on margin. Queried corrections inside a ring are not to be made, but are intended to go to the author. If it is desired to have a correction made and the query stand for the author, place query outside the ring. Proofs which are not clearly printed or which are in any manner defective must be refused. INSTRUCTIONS TO COPY EDITORS AND OTHERS. 7 The manner in which correction marks are made on a proof is an element of considerable importance. Straggling, unsymmetrical characters, disconnected marks placed on the margins above or below the lines to which they relate, irregular lines leading from an incorrect letter or word to a correction, large marks, marks made with a blunt pencil, indistinct marks, and a frequent use of the eraser to obliterate marks hastily or incorrectly made are all faults to be avoided. In reading proof of wide tables, the reader should take advantage of white space as near as possible to the error and place the correction therein, thus aiding all who have occasion to handle the proof afterwards. Obliterate entirely a broken or defective figure and rewrite it in a ring. In marking errors in display type always indicate the case number. On discovering any wrong-font matrices readers must immediately notify referee, who will at once send notice to the operator. Readers must never make important changes in indentions or tables without con- sulting the referee or copy editor. The marks of the copy editor must be given consideration by all, as he is in a position to know more about the peculiarities of a job than one who reads but a small portion of it. Instructions on copy as to the confidential nature of work, number of proofs, size of paper, number of copies, location of illustrations, new pages, new odd pages, etc., must in every instance be carried on proof eheet by readers. Inpassing ''rundowns," the galley slug of the following galley must be carried on copy where break occurs. Folios of copy must be "run" by copyholder on first reading of proofs. This applies to all work and is especially important on indexes. In reading copy avoid an unnecessarily loud tone of voice. Remember that small words are as important as large ones, and should be pronounced distinctly. Plurals must be clearlv sounded. REVISING. Galley Revising. The importance of revising proofs well can not be overestimated. While a reviser is not expected to read proof, it is not enough for him to follow slavishly the marks found on the proof sheet. He must see that all corrections have been properly made in the type, that words or lines have not been transposed by the compositor in making the corrections, and that the rules governing spacing, division of words, and good printing generally have been observed. The reader or reviser who passes bad spacing will be held at fault. A reviser must not remodel the punctuation of the readers or make any important changes in the work. If he thinks that an important change should be made, he must submit the proposed change to the foreman for decision. All instructions on proofs must, in every instance, be transferred to revised sheets. All queries made by readers must be carefully transferred to the revises. Every paragraph in a proof containing an alteration which makes one or more over- runs should be reread as first proof. Revising must be done with reasonable dispatch, but good work must not be sacrificed to haste. The slug number of the corrector must be marked on revises if errors have been made by him in correcting. Page and Stone Revising. Page and stone revising is work which requires great diligence and care. Not only must the reviser see that the rules governing the work of those who precede him have been followed, but he must be on the alert for a multiplicity of points not coming within their sphere. Special care must be exercised in revising linotype matter. It is necessary to read the lines in which corrections have been made, to see that the line has been inserted in the proper place and that the lines above and below it have not been disturbed. Revisers must promptly notify the foreman of the proof room when variations from this Style Manual are being made by department readers. 8 STYLE MANUAL. General rules only can be given to guide the reviser. He handles a variety of work and must decide each point as it presents itself. He is cautioned never to allow his work to get behind (calling for assistance when rushed) and never to sacrifice, accuracy for the sake of speed. The following rules must be carefully studied: 1. See that the proof sheets are clean and clear; send for another proof in case they are not. 2. See that galley proofs run consecutively and, in continuous make-up, that galley slips connect, before beginning the page revise. 3. See that page folios are consecutive, that running heads are correct and uniform, and that the proper signature is correctly placed. If an error is found in running heads or in signature, notify chief reviser immediately, so that the correction may be made in other forms of same job. (See note regarding signature numbers, p. 135.) 4. Revise carefully, observe connection between pages, carry all unanswered queries if the proof goes again to the author, or if not see that all queries are answered, and take care that continued and repeated lines are free from errors. 5. If a revise is not properly corrected or is not reasonably free from error, call for another correction and proof (stating number wanted) and destroy all duplicates. 6. Be on the lookout for "drop-outs," "doublets," and "transpositions." 7. Read all running heads and box heads in continued tables; see that all leading lines are carried at the top where subordinate matter turns over; that dollar marks and italic captions of columns are properly placed and uniform; that the matter is as compact as circumstances will permit, and that footnotes fall on the page containing the corresponding references and are properly arranged. 8. Preserve complete files of all proofs returned to the desk in the ordinary course of business, especially of the final proofs from which work is sent to press or foundry. 9. On first page of a signature of a stone revise carry the number of copies and kind of paper, with any special directions that may be necessary, and see that the form is properly imposed. 10. Be particular in making the "mark off" on a galley slip when the first page proofs are sent out, cutting the proof sheet and noting upon it the connecting galley slug, the folio of the succeeding page, and the proper signature of the same. Retain the "mark off" and deliver the galley slips with the clean proof to the chief reviser. 11. Always make sure that different sets of proof sheets on any work are correctly marked in series, as "R," "2R," "3R," etc.; where a sheet is stamped "An- other proof," carry the same designating "R" on the corresponding clean proof, destroying the stamped proof when it has served its purpose. Advance the "R" ("2R," "3R," etc.) on each set of page proofs returned from department if a dummy folio has been used, but when the true folio is finally given revert to the single "R." 12. If two or more jobs are imposed in one form, the reviser must separate the parts to verify the imposition. Until familiar with the "fold, " caution must be exercised in cutting the sheet. 13. Page, stone, and foundry revises are equally important. With the latter special care must be taken that rules do not lap, that work is not jammed in the "lockup," that damaged letters and "slips" are indicated, and that the matter is ready in all respects to pass severe criticism. 14. Government publications will be made up in the following order: Page i, title; page n, blank; page in, table of contents; when contents end on page ni, then page iv, blank ; page v, letter of transmittal ; page vi, blank. The text proper will begin with page 1. (See note regarding signature numbers, p. 135.) In the body of the work new pages will be properly indicated on the proof sheet. Tables of contents, letters of transmittal, lists of illustrations, the text proper of a book, and all matter following half titles (except parallel tables) must begin on a new odd page unless instructions to the contrary are given. The legend lines of full-page cuts which run the broad way should read up ; that is, the even-page legend should be on the binding, or inside, margin, and the odd-page legend on the outside margin. INSTRUCTIONS TO COPY EDITORS AND OTHERS. 9 Footnotes. Footnote reference figures must be run consecutively from 1 to 99. Tlii? rule applies not only to text but also to tabular matter, each new table to begin withl. In publications that are divided into chapters, parts, or separates, begin each chapter, part, or separate with footnote 1. If a reference is repeated on another page, it should carry the original footnote; but to prevent repetition, especially in the case of long notes, copy editor may use the words " See footnote 3 (or 6, 10, etc.) on p. " instead of the entire footnote. If a footnote is eliminated in proof, change reference figures down to last reference on page only. For example, if reference figures on pages 4 and 5 run from 1 to 10 on page 4 and 11 to 20 on page 5, reference 8 being eliminated, change 9 and 10 to read 8 and 9. making no change in reference figures on page 5. Remember that the pur- pose of ignoring breaks caused by elimination of footnotes in proof is to avoid, as far as possible, the changing of footnote references and that all text references and foot- notes are to be left as prepared by copy editor; therefore consult the proper official before making any change. If footnotes in entire job have been made uniform, even though not according to style, do not change. Footnotes to be made paragraphs. Short notes may be doubled up. If a footnote is added by department, use an italic reference letter. Where table with footnotes falls on bottom of page containing foot- notes in text, change references in table to italic letters. In revising galleys into pages, reviser must be careful to enter on "mark-off" slip the number of the last footnote and see that instructions to maker-up and copy editor are followed. (See also Footnotes and references, p. 35.) Press Revising. Press revising calls for the exercise of extreme care. The press reviser must be thoroughly conversant with the style and make-up of Government publications and have a general knowledge of printing in its various branches. He is required to O. K. all forms that go to press bookwork, covers, job work, etc. He must nec- essarily have a knowledge of the bindery operations required to complete a book or job and be familiar with the imposition of forms, with special reference to head, back, and side margins, in order to allow the trimming of the book or job to the required size. The press reviser must work to a large extent upon his own respon- sibility and he is accountable for the work as finally printed. The press reviser must have a fair knowledge of the different grades of paper used in the office, so as to be positive that the right stock has been issued to the pressman. SIGNATURE MARKS, ETC. (See note on signature numbers, p. 135.) The following instructions and examples serve as a guide for signature marks, etc. : Year should follow jacket number in signatures. (See below.) Place signature mark below the "all" (O) mark if both appear on the same page. Place the "all" mark below the bulletin or circular number if both appear on the same page. All jobs to be cast take a degree mark () immediately after the jacket number in the signature line. With the exception of pasters, and pages smaller than document, signature lines will be set in 8-point. On pages smaller than document and on pasters use 6-point. The Government Printing Office imprint must appear on all printed matter. A black star (if) should be placed on all jobs reprinted on account of error. The star should appear in signature line, thus: 1723422 2*. A black star should be placed on title page also, 3 en^s from left. 04061 22 2 10 STYLE MANUAL. HOUSE AND SENATE DOCUMENTS AND REPORTS. H. Doc. 73, 67-1 2 S. Doc. 57, 67-1, pt 1 2 H. Kept. 120, 67-1 2 S. Doc. 57, 67-1 2 S. Doc. 57, 67-1, vol 1 2 S. Kept. 100, 67-1 2 In a document or report which makes more than 100 pages, jacket number, degree mark (), if a plated job, and em dash should precede the above. SIGNATURES FOR HEARINGS. Use jacket number and year, 4321 22 2 PASTERS. Regular mark used on job, in 6-point, adding page, as follows: 12344 22. D( Face p. 10.) On pasters facing even pages, marks are to go at lower right-hand side; on those facing odd pages, at lower left-hand side. If more than on6 paster faces same page, add numbers, as follows (note punctua- tion): 12344 22.Q(Face p. 19.)LJNo. 1 12344 22.Q(Face p. 19.)ONo. 2 RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION. INTRODUCTION. A consistent and orderly system of capitalizing, compounding, and spelling is important in Government work. As far as the requirements of the Government print- ing can be provided for, specific directions covering them are given in this volume. In meeting special cases as they arise the application of the principles of the STYLE MANUAL will be valuable. The principles adopted in the past have been largely retained. Changes have been made only where they appeared to be necessary to meet new conditions and to add to the efficiency of the Government Printing Office in its handling of the Government printing. AUTHORITY. Following the custom of past years, Webster's Dictionary has been accepted as the authority in spelling, compounding, and dividing of words. The current edition of Webster's New International Dictionary will be followed in the work of the office. CAPITALIZATION. , (See also Guide to capitalization, p. 20.) Proper Names, Etc. Capitalize proper names, or words used as such, singular or plural; also when used as adjectives, unless the adjective form is a different word, derived from a common noun used as a proper noun in specific cases; for example, President (presidential), Senate (senatorial), Congress (congressional), Province (provincial). Exceptions: Democratic, Territorial, as relating to the Democratic Party or a Territorv of the United States. National Legislatures, Etc. Capitalize, singular or plural, with the name or standing alone, the title of any ruler, the name of any national legislative body and its constituent branches, and the name of domain or administrative subdivisions of any country. This includes dependencies like Australia, Canada, etc. Capitalize also the adjective forms, unless embraced in the exceptions noted in the preceding paragraph. State Legislatures. Capitalize the titles of State legislative bodies when accompanied by the name, as the Massachusetts General Court, the General Court of Massachusetts, the New York Assembly, the Assembly of New York, the Rhode Island House of Representatives, the House of Representatives of Rhode Island, Ohio Legislature, the Legislature of Ohio; but lower-case the general court, the assembly, the house of representatives, the legislature, etc., if standing alone. United States Departments, Bureaus, and Offices. Capitalize the titles of United States executive departments, bureaus, services, etc., and organizations of the Army and Navy, singular, plural, and adjective forms; lower-case department, bureau, corps, etc., when standing alone. Capitalize department, bureau, division, office, etc., when used with a name that is capitalized, even though it is not a part of the exact title, as Pension Office for Bureau of Pensions, Census Office for Bureau of the Census, Land Department for General Land Office, Corporations Division for Bureau of Corporations, etc. This refers only to branches of the Government. 11 12 STYLE MANUAL. Miscellaneous Capitalized Terms. Capitalize all geographic terms, singular or plural, 'when with the name. (See also Geographic names, p. 23.) Capitalize street, avenue, road, lane, etc., singular or plural, when with the name. Capitalize all titles immediately preceding names of persons, but lower-case when following, except as noted on page 29, and those always capitalized. In addresses and with signatures capitalize both before and after name. Capitalize a fanciful or popular appellation as if a real name, as Keystone State. Bay State, City of Churches, Monumental City, Capital City, Twin Cities (Minneapolis and St. Paul), Windy City, the Hub, Great Father (the President), etc. Capitalize monuments, tombs, statues, etc., if of a public character and pre- ceded or followed by a proper name or a word used as such, as Bunker Hill Monument, Cleopatra's Needle, Grant's Tomb, Rochambeau Statue, Statue of Liberty, etc.; but lower-case the words ''monument," ''tomb," "statue," etc., if used in a general way or mentioned casually, as a statue of Columbus, the tomb of John Brown, etc. Capitalize such terms as the following when with a name or number and used as a proper noun: Breakwater, chute, dam, house, light, woods, etc. Care must be taken, however, not to confound a proper adjective and common noun with a proper noun. For instance, the Johnson House, meaning a hotel, would be a proper noun; but the Johnson house (lower-case letter) shows the word "Johnson" as a proper adjective and the word "house" as a common noun. Pier A or Pier 19, but at the White Star Line's pier; Boston Light, Boston and Boone Island Lights, etc., but Massachusetts Bay lights. Lower-case Forms. Lower-case, when standing alone, the common noun in titles, except Government, Army, and Navy; for example, Treasury Department, Patent Office, Labor Bureau, and Interstate Commerce Commission should be printed as the department, the office, the bureau, and the commission; but the Government, the Army, and the Navy for United States Government, United States Army, and United States Navy. These exceptions are made because the short form is the one commonly used, arid if lower-cased would be brought into direct contrast with titles of subordinate organizations which are capitalized. Lower-case the names of districts (congressional, judicial, etc.), except District of Columbia, the District of Alaska, Federal District, and District of Washington (a military district embracing the District of Columbia). Also lower-case wards and precincts. Lower-case words of common usage, originally proper names, whose significance as such has been lost, such as nouns in common use to specify merchandise, industrial processes, etc., viz, britannia ware, chinaware, china clay, delftware, fuller's earth, gothic (type), macadamized road, mercerized cloth, taggers tin, etc. A list of capitalized and lower-cased words will be found on pages 20-26, arranged alphabetically by items, in most cases, but in some instances placed under appro- priate heads to avoid unnecessary repetition. The list is not to be regarded as complete. (See also Miscellaneous caps and lower case, p. 24.) Addresses, Etc. Capitalize the principal words in addresses (whether specific or general), signatures, and date lines. (See also Addresses, p. 38.) Army. Capitalize the United States Army, the Army, the Army Establishment, the Regular Army, the Volunteer Army, the Regular and Volunteer Armies, the Regulars, the Volunteers. Capitalize standing alone and also if used as an adjective, as the Army, an Army officer, etc. Capitalize its organizations and branches, as the Cavalry, Infantry, Field Artillery, Coast Artillery, Engineer Corps, Nurse Corps, Pay Corps, etc. ; also if used as an adjective, as Infantry or Cavalry officer, a Regular or Volunteer officer, Marine Corps man, National Guard man, Engineer Corps work, etc.; but lower-case artilleryman, infantryman, cavalryman; also regular or volunteer if used in the general sense, as a regular, a volunteer. Similar capitalization to apply to State organizations. Capitalize the names of foreign organizations, as British Army, the Royal Guards, Gordon Highlanders, Eighty-eighth Connaught Rangers, etc. Foreign: Lower-case army, navy, cavalry, etc., unless name is given. Lower-case organizations bearing names of persons, as Robinson's brigade, Wheat's regiment, etc. (See also Guide to capitalization, p. 20.) RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION. 13 Board, Bureau, Commission, Division, and Experiment Station. Capitalize all United States Government boards, bureaus, commissions, divisions, and experiment stations, as the Board of Visitors, the General Board, the Naval Retiring Board, the Bureau of Yards and Docks, the Interstate Commerce Commis- sion, the Bureau of Soils, Storrs Experiment Station, etc.; but lower-case when standing alone, as the board, bureau, etc. Lower-case minor departmental organizations if officially unimportant and per- forming operations that are chiefly clerical or mechanical; for example, the exam- ining board, the accounting bureau, the bureau of appointments, and such divisions as applications, allowance and allotments, certificates, classification, correspondence, disbursing, distribution, drafting, equipment and supplies, examining, finance, inspection, insurance, investigation and review, mails and files, medical, pending files, personnel, planning, printing and stationery, property transfer, publications, record, requisitions and accounts, retirement, review, supplies, telegraph, telephone, transportation, etc. The purpose of this direction is to limit the capitalization of board, bureau, department, and division to Government organizations having impor- tant official functions. In case of doubt follow copy, but make uniform if conflicting. Capitalize State and other boards when accompanied by proper name, as Board of Health of Montgomery County, Ohio Board of Health, Chamber of Commerce of Bos- ton, etc.; but lower-case if standing alone, as the board, board of health, board of pharmacy, etc. (See also Guide to capitalization, p. 20.) College Degrees. Lower-case when spelled, as degree of doctor of laws, degree of master of arts, etc. Committee. Capitalize all standing and select committees of the Senate and the House of Representatives, as the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads (Senate), Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads (House), Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, Subcommittee on Appropriations, etc.; also National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Republican National Committee, Democratic National Committee, etc. Lower-case committees of organizations, as committee on resolutions of the Ohio Board of Health, etc. Sometimes important national organizations, as the Committee on Public Safety, Committee of One Hundred, etc., are formed. Their capitalization will be indicated by copy editor. Deity. Capitalize all words denoting Deity, as All-Wise; also all pronouns except those commencing with the letter "w," as who, whom, or whose. Department. Capitalize if referring to an executive department or a bureau of the United States Government if name is given, singular or plural; lower-case when standing alone, as the department; also if used as an adjective, as a department clerk, a departmental position. Lower-case if referring to the coordinate branches of the Government, as the legislative, executive, and judicial departments. District. Capitalize when referring to the District of Columbia or the District of Alaska; also any synonymous term, as Federal District, also Washington District (District of Columbia, military). Lower-case congressional, State, judicial, and other districts. Estate and Foundation. Capitalize if with name and used to describe, an organization, as Girard Estate (Philadelphia), Sage Foundation, the Carnegie and Rockefeller Foundations, Chemical Foundation, etc. Lower-case if standing alone, as the estate, the foundation. Foreign Cabinets. Capitalize foreign titles of cabinet rank, as Prime Minister. Chancellor. Secretary (or Minister) for Foreign Affairs, etc. This is limited to a few important titles. (See pp. 14, 15.) Foreign Governments. Capitalize, singular or plural, with name or standing alone, the titles of rulers, legislative bodies, and constituent branches, domains, and administrative subdivi- sions given in the following table: 14 STYLE MANUAL. Table of principal foreign governments. Country. Title of ruler. Legislative body and branches. Domain and adminis- trative subdivisions. Abyssinia (Ethi- Empress Emnire' Kingdom opia). Afghanistan Ameer Province. Albania Andorra Council of Regents.. First Syndic Legislative Assembly i Council Principality. Republic Argentina President National Congress" Senate House of Armenia President of the Deputies. National Council. Territory,' Federal District. Republic Austria. Council. President Assembly (Nationalrat) First Cham- Republic Province Belgium Bhutan . . . King Maharaja ber (Bundesrat). Senate, Chamber of Representatives... Kingdom: Province. State Bolivia President 1... Congress' Senate Chamber of Depu- Republic* Depart- Brazil do ties. National Congress' Senate Chamber ment, Territory. Republic* State Terri Bulgaria King (Czar) of Deputies. National Assembly (Sobranje) tory, Federal Dis- trict. Chile President China do of Deputies. National Assembly Upper House Territory. Colombia . do Lower House. Congress' Senate House of Represent- Republic* Department Costa Rica do atives. Cuba . ..do Congress' Senate House of Represent- Do Czechoslovakia do atives. Ruthenia of Deputies. tive districts). Danzig Denmark Dominican Re- public (Santo Domingo). Ecuador High Commissioner. King United States mili- tary governor. President Parliament of the Free City of Danzig. Rigsdag(or Diet): Landsthing, Folke- thing. United States naval administration. . . National Congress: Senate Chamber Free City. Kingdom: Amt. Republic: Province. Republic* Province Esthonia President of Na- of Deputies. National Assemblv Territory. Republic: District Far Eastern Re- tional Assembly. President of Coun- ... .do Republic. public. Finland cil of Ministers. President. . . House of Representatives Republic' Province Fiume do. Free State France do Georgia.. President of the ate, Chamber of Deputies. Republic* Province Germanv Council. President Legislature of the Republic (Reichs- Republic- State Greece King tag), Council (Reichsrath). Legislative Assemblv (Bule 1 ) Kingdom: Nome or De- Guatemala. . President. National Assemblv partment. Republic* Department Haiti do Do Hejaz King Kingdom. Honduras ... . . President Congress of Deputies Republic* Department Hungarv . Regent Iceland." Kin g .:::::::;::::." Parliament (\lthing)* Upper House State- Division. Italv .. do Lower House. Parliament' Senate Chamber of Dep- Kingdom* Province Japan Emperor (Mikado) uties. Imperial Diet' House of Peers House Empire' Fu and Ken Chosen. of Representatives. (Prefecture). Province Latvia President of Con- Constituent Assembly Republic. Liberia.. . stituent Assembly. President Parliament' Senate House of Repre- Republic* Countv Liechtenstein. . . . Prince sentatives. Diet Principality Lithuania President of Con- Constituent Assemblv Republic. Luxemburg stituent Assembly. Grand Duchess Mexico President Congress' Senate House of Repre- Republic; State Terri- Monaco... Prince sentatives. tory, Federal District. Principality Morocco Sultan Sultanate: Province. Nepal King. Kingdom. Netherlands . . Queen States-General' First Chamber Sec- Kingdom* Province Nicaragua President . . . ond Chamber. Congress Republic: Department, Norway Oman King Sultan... Storthing: Lagthing, Odelsthing Comarcas. Kingdom: County (Fylke). Sultanate. RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION. 15 Table of principal foreign governments Continued. Country. Title of ruler. Legislative body and branches. Domain and adminis- trative subdivisions. President Chamber of Deputies Republic' Province do Congress: Senate, House of Deputies . . Republic: Partido Shah National Council (Mejliss) (County). Kingdom: Province Peru President Congress: Senate, House of Representa- Republic: Departmen t . Poland do tives. National Assembly: Senate, Diet Republic: County, Dis- Portugal do Cortes Geraes: House of Peers, House trict. Republic: Province. Rumania King of Commons. Parliament: Senate, Chamber of Dep- uties Kingdom: Department . President of the Council, etc. President ... All-Russian Congress of Soviets Congress of Deputies Republic: Govern- ment, Province. Repu bl ic : Depar tmen t . Regents Great Council Republic. King Legislative Council Kingdom: Province. .do Cortes: Senate, Congress of Deputies. . . Do. do Parliament (or Diet): First Chamber, Kingdom: Lan (Gov- Switzerland President . . . Second Chamber. Parliament: State Council (Sta'nde- ernment). Republic: Canton. Turkey Sultan rath), National Council (National- rath). Parliament: Senate, Chamber of Dep- Empire: Vilayet. United Kingdom King uties. Parliament: House of Lords, House of Empire: Kingdom, Do- of Great Britain. Australia Canada. Governor General... do Commons. Federal Parliament: Senate, House of Representatives. Parliament: Senate, House of Com- minion , Colony, PYo- tectorate, Depend- ency. Commonwealth: State. Dominion: Province. Ireland mons. Provisional Government Free State. New Zealand Governor General Assemblv: Legislative Coun- Dominion. South Africa. . Uruguay Governor General . . . President cil. House of Representatives. Parliament: Senate, House of Assem- bly. Parliament: Senate, Chamber of Rep- Union: Province. Republic:Department. Vene/uela do resentatives. Congress' Senate, Chamber of Depu- Republic* State Terri- Yugoslayia (Serb King ties. Parliament: Senate, Constituent As- tory, Federal Dis- trict. Kingdom- District. Croat and Slo- yene Kingdom:. sembly. NOTE. The usual titles of cabinet members connected with foregoing Governments are Secretary, Minister, Chancellor, Premier, Prime Minister, etc. Examples: Secretary of State, Secretary of Finance, Minister of Justice, etc. Capitalize when used definitely in connection with countries in above list. Geologic Ages, Etc. The orthography, capitalization, compounding, and use of quotations shown in the terms below must be followed in general work. It should be noted that "Coal Measures" is a subdivision of the Carboniferous system; ' ' Calciferous " and "Mag- nesian" are lithologic subdivisions of the Cambrian and Ordovician, respectively; and "Red Beds" is used for Permo-Triassic rocks of the West; and that these terms, if used in a common-noun sense, are not capitalized or quoted . The adjectives upper, middle, and lower, if used with Carboniferous or Tertiary, are not to be capitalized unless the term is quoted (upper Carboniferous; "Upper Carboniferous"). Follow copy as to any of the preceding terms. Acadian. Devonian: magnesian. Algonkian. Lower. Mesozoic. Archean. Middle. Miocene: lower. middle. upper. Mohawkian. Neocene. Oligocene: lower. middle. upper. Ordovician: Lower. Middle. Upper. Paleozoic. Permian. " Permo-Carboniferous.' Pleistocene. "Calciferous." calciferous. Cambrian: Lower. Middle. pre-Cambrian. Upper. Carboniferous: lower. upper. Cenqzoic. Cincinnatian. "Coal Measures." coal measures. "Corniferous." Cretaceous: Lower. Upper. Devonian: Lower. Middle. Upper. Eocene: lower. middle. upper. Georgian, glacial: interglacial. postglacial. preglacial. Jurassic: Lower. Middle. Upper. "Juratrias." "Lignitic." iignitic. "Magnesian." Pliocene: post-Pliocene. pre-Pliocene. Proterozoic. Quaternary. Recent. "Red Beds, red beds. Saratogan. Silurian. Tertiary. Triassic: Lower. Middle. Upper. 16 STYLE MANUAL. The scheme for the use of hyphens in petrographic terms is based on the single principle that like names are connected by a hyphen and unlike names are not. The names used in such terms are of four classes (a) rock names, (I) mineral names, (c) textural names, and (d) names expressing the kind of clastic aggregation. Any two or more names of either class are connected by a hyphen; others are not. The principal names of classes c and d are as follows: (c) Felsophyre, gneiss, porphyry, schist, vitrophyre; (d) agglomerate, breccia, conglomerate, sand, tuff The subjoined examples will serve to illustrate the principle: biotite gneiss. leucite granite porphyry. quartz-mica latite. diabase-gabbro. mica diorite porphyry. quartz monzonite porphyry, glaucophane schist. olivine-augite andesite. quartz-tourmaline porphyry, granite gneiss. orthoclase gabbro-diorite. syenite-pegmatite, hornblende-mica andesite. pyroxene-mica diorite. latite-phonolite. quartz-biotite-garnet gneiss. Government. Capitalize if referring to the United States Government or definitely to any foreign government, as the Government of the United States, the Japanese Governme^ the Canadian Government, National and State Governments, etc., the Governments of the United States and England, the two Governments, the Governments of Europe, the Government (when some specific government is referred to), Government control, Government employee, Government ownership, etc. Lower-case in the abstract sense, as this Government is a government, the reins of government, the seat of government, etc. Lower-case if referring to a State of the United States, as the State government. United States possessions to be treated same as State governments, as Philippine gov- ernment, Porto Rican government. Philippine and Porto Rican governments; but United States and Philippine Governments, etc. Lower-case general descriptions, as island government, provincial government, insular government, a foreign government (when no specific government is referred to), to establish a government, etc. Governor. Capitalize the word " governor" preceding name of any State, as the Governor of Wisconsin, etc. ; lower-case word standing alone, as the governor. Other State officials, lower-case. Headings. Display headings should be all capitals unless otherwise indicated. Lower or Upper. Capitalize when part of a proper name, as Lower California (Mexico), Lower Egypt, Lower (or Upper) Peninsula of Michigan; but lower-case lower (or upper) peninsula unaccompanied by name; also if used merely as a descriptive word, as lower Mississippi, etc. Members of Congress. Capitalize, singular or plural, when referring to a Senator, Representative, Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner in the Congress of the L^nited States. Nation. Capitalize if used as a synonym for the United States ; also in referring to a geographic subdivision of Oklahoma, singular or plural, if immediately preceded by name, as Creek Nation, etc. ; also, singular or plural, with names of any of the Five Civilized Tribes; otherwise lower-case. Lower-case and hyphenate the word "nation-wide." National. Capitalize if preceding any word that is capitalized, as National Government; also National and State Governments and National Capital; otherwise lower-case, as the national spirit. National Forest. Capitalize with name, as the Angeles National Forest, Coconino and Prescott National Forests, Okanogan Forest, etc. Lower-case standing alone, as the national forests, the forest, etc. RULES AKD STYLE OF COMPOSITION. 17 Navy. Capitalize United States Navy, the Navy, the Naval (or Navy) Establishment, Navy Regulations (book), the Marine Corps, etc. Capitalize Navy as an adjective, as Navy officer, Navy expenditures, Navy regulations (general use of word "regula- tions"), etc. Lower-case naval if used generally, as naval expenditures, naval station, naval constructor. Capitalize foreign navies only if preceded by name, as British Navy, French Navy, Royal Navy, etc. Capitalize plurals, as the Navies of America and France, French and English Navies, etc. Lower-case navy yard, navy-yard employee, etc.; but capitalize navy yard follow- ing proper name, "as Washington Navy Yard, etc. Numbers Used as Names. Capitalize if a part of a name of an organization, or as a title that is capitalized, as First Regiment, Twelfth Census, Charles the First; Document Numbered One hundred and twenty, One hundred and tenth Street; otherwise lower-case, as second district, fifth ward/tenth precinct. President. Capitalize; also any synonymous title referring to the President of the United States, as Chief Magistrate, Commander in Chief, Executive, His Excellency, etc. Lower-case presidential. Province. Capitalize if used as a synonym for State and the Provinces of the Philippine Islands, as the Province of Manila, Province of Ontario, the Province, etc. Lower- case provincial. (See also Table of principal foreign governments, p. 14.) Republic. Capitalize, singular or plural, with name or standing alone, if referring definitely to the government of a country, as the Republic of France, the South American Republics, the Swiss Republic, etc. Lower-case in the general sense, as to establish a republic. Reservation or Reserve. Capitalize- if immediately following the name of a forest, military, or Indian reservation or reserve, singular or plural; but lower-case Fort Leaven worth hay reservation, etc. Roman Numerals, Etc. Capitalize any term (except page or pages) immediately preceding Roman numerals, as Article I, Chapter II, Figure IV, Group VI, Plate VIII, etc. Capitalize appendix, exhibit, figure, form, group, plate, schedule, and table when immediately followed by a figure or a capital letter, as Appendix 1, Appendix A, Exhibit 2, Figure 8 (referring to illustrations), Form G, Group 6, Plate 9, Schedule K, Table 4, etc. Lower-case abstract B, section A (of a land plat, etc.), station B (in surveying or like work), class 1, class A, volume 1, chapter 1, etc. Scientific Names. Capitalize the names of genera, families, orders, etc., as the 17-year locust or peri- odical cicada [the insect], Cicada septendecim [the first the name of the genus, the second the name of the species], belongs to the family Cicadidse. Always lower-case the name of the species. Societies, Unions, Etc. Capitalize if immediately associated with name, as Boston Medical Society, Society of the Cincinnati, Columbia and Baltimore Typographical Unions, etc. 18 STYLE MANUAL. Soldiers' Home. Capitalize if name is given, as Soldiers' Home (in the District of Columbia only), the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, Central Branch, Eastern Home, Iowa and Ohio Soldiers' Homes, Soldiers' Home of Ohio, etc. Lower-case home and branch standing alone. State. Capitalize, singular or plural, if referring to any State of the United States or of any foreign country, as State of New York, States of Massachusetts and Ohio; the States of Brazil; Venezuela is a Republic with 20 States, etc. Capitalize as an adjective, State pride, State interference, etc. Capitalize State's attorney, State's evidence; but lower-case such expressions as affairs of state, church and state, secretary of state of Indiana; also the words "state- hood," ''statehouse," "state- wide"; also "state" used in its general sense, as a state of mind, etc. Lower-case sections of States, as east Illinois, western Kansas, east Tennessee, etc. Station. Capitalize if immediately following the name of a life-saving, military, or naval station of the United States; also Station A or South Side Station, Substation No. 24, Broad Street Station, Union Depot, Union Station, etc., but lower-case in sur- veying or like work. Streets, Etc. Capitalize such terms as alley, avenue, circle, court, lane, place, road, street, and square, singular or plural, if with the name. Territory or Territorial. Capitalize if referring to any organized Territory of the United States, singular or plural. (See also Table of principal foreign governments, p. 14.) The. Capitalize when part of a name, as The Hague, The Dalles (Oreg.), The Weirs (N. H.), etc. ; certain geographic formations, as The Buttes (in Sutter County, Calif.), etc. ; 'The Adjutant General (authorized by law). Lower-case the Netherlands, the Bronx. (See also Court style, p. 50, and Authorities on geographic names, p. 45.) Titles of Books, Historical Documents, Etc. Capitalize the principal words of a title, as The Chasm of the Colorado, painted by Thomas Moran; Twelfth Night, a play written by William Shakespeare. Capitalize the first word and proper nouns only of titles of articles in books, mag- azines, and newspapers when referred to in text, and quote: "A story of life in New Orleans during the Mexican War." Capitalize and quote the principal words of a title if introduced thus: A book en- titled "The House of the Seven Gables." Capitalize historical documents, as Declaration of Independence, Constitution (United States), Articles of Confederation (United States), Bill of Rights, Magna Charta. Capitalize short titles, as Bancroft's History, Brown's Grammar, Gibbon's Rome, McMaster's History, etc. Capitalize Government documents, reports, resolutions, etc., as Document No. 2, Report No. 8, Senate Concurrent Resolution 18, House Joint Resolution 3, Resolution No. 6, Joint Resolution 45, Resolution 24, Act No. 142, Public Act 145, Public Res- olution 61, etc.; but lower-case document, report, and resolution standing alone; Articles of War, the sixty-second article of war, the Budget (United States only), Book of Estimates, the estimates; Revised Statutes, Statutes at Large, referring to the laws of the United States and also to those of any State ; the New York Code; the District Code, referring to the Code of Laws for the District of Columbia; Supplement to the Revised Statutes; Journal (House or Senate); calendar when with the name of one of the House calendars, as Union Calendar, etc.; the Senate Calendar; Private and Union Calendars; Coast Pilot; Nautical Almanac. Capitalize Bible, Biblical, Scriptures, Scriptural, etc.; but gospel only if referring to one of the four memoirs of Jesus Christ contained in the New Testament. KULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION. 19 Capitalize the first word of direct and indirect quotations: (1) Pope said, "Praise undeserved is scandal in disguise " ; (2) The question is. Shall the bill pass? In titles of cases capitalize the first word and the principal words, but lower-case terms like "defendants," "appellees," etc. Titles of Nobility, Courtesy, Etc. Capitalize the Prince of Wales, Archbishop of Canterbury, Bishop of India, Duke of Argyle, Count of Flanders, Edward Earl of Dorset, etc. The prepositions "d'," "da," "de," "della," "di," "!'," "van," "von," etc., in names from foreign languages, if preceded by a forename, a title of nobilitv, a professional title, or one of courtesy, must be lower-cased; as Charles de Ble, Cardinal da Ponte, Marquis de Lafayette, Mr. de Thou, M. d'Orbigny, Senor da Yznaga, General della Santa Maria, Dr. d'Ouvillier, Captain di Cesnola, Admiral van Tromp, Count von Moltke, etc. This rule of lower-casing "de," "van," "la," etc., does not apply to most American names. These usually take the capitalized form, as Martin Van Buren, Mr. Justice Van Devanter, William Henry Van Allen, etc.; De Koven, De Forest, De Witt, etc.; La Forge, La Follette, etc. Whenever the usual form of such names, either lower-case form or capitalized, one-word form or two words, is known or can be readily ascertained, such usual form should be followed. Prepositions in names from foreign languages, without a forename, a title of nobility, a professional title, or one of courtesy, such as "van" in Dutch, "von" in German, "de" or "d"' in French, or "da," "della," or "di" in Italian, should be capitalized; as Van Tromp, Von Humboldt, De Thou, D'Orsay, Da Ponte, Delia Crusca, Di Cesnola. Capitalize titles in the second person only if used as synonyms of proper names: You will go, Major, to New York; I am, General, yours, etc. Township. Capitalize immediately following the name, singular or plural; lower-case preceding a number, as township 14 north, etc. Trade Names. Capitalize the distinguishing name of a manufactured product, as Eagle pencil, Stickwell paste, Seller's typewriter, Pears' soap, Ceres flour, Packard touring, Oak- land Sensible 6, Hudson Super 6, Overland 4, Aero 8, Studebaker Special, etc. In trade names of preparations, etc., capitalize the principal words, as Quaker Oats, Force. Sapolio, Shredded Wheat, Bon Ami, Puffed Rice, etc. (See also Trade names, p. 250 Treasury and Subtreasury. Referring to the United States Treasury, capitalize the General Treasury, Inde- pendent Treasury, the National Treasury, the Public Treasury, the Treasury, Treasury notes, Treasury official, the New York Subtreasury; but lower-case the subtreasury standing alone. United States, Sections of. Capitalize terms like East, West, No-th, South, Middle West, Central West, North- west, Southwest, Pacific Coast States, Eastern States, Western States, etc. Capitalize the terms added to groups of States, as North Atlantic, South Atlantic, Middle Atlantic, Gulf, Middle, Mountain, Central, Western, Northwestern, and South- western: but lower-case a term prefixed to any of the foregoing, as eastern Gulf States, eastern North Atlantic States, etc. ; also southern planters, southwestern stock growers, eastern manufacturers, western farmers, etc. 20 STYLE MANUAL. GUIDE TO CAPITALIZATION. The following list is intended to be a general guide to capitalization. It should not be regarded as complete. This capitalization applies to plural forms also. (See also p. 13 under Board, bureau, etc., with regard to lower-casing minor boards, bureaus, divisions, etc., operating within departments, etc.) Abbreviated names (in testimony, letters, etc.): B. , No. 6 Engine Company. engineer commissioner (District of Columbia). Engineer Department. Engineer in Chief (Navy ) . Engineer officers, etc. (of Engi- neer Corps). Entente, the Entente Allies. Equator, the. Establishment: Lighthouse, Mili- tary, Naval; but the civil estab- lishment. Estate, Girard (Philadelphia). Evangelical Alliance. Executive (meaning President of the United States, and also adjective form). Executive Council (Porto Rico). executive departments. Executive Document No. 9">. Executive Mansion, Office. Executive order (by the Presi- dent). Executive Order No. 3-1. Exhibit A, B, etc.; 1, 2, etc. Falls (Niagara), the Falls. Far East (the Orient); but far eastern, far West. Father of his Country (Washing- ton). Federal (synonym for Govern- ment). Field: Boiling. Kearny. Langin. Langley. Mitchel, etc. Figure A, I, 26, etc. (meaning an illustration), flag, the: Old Flag. Old Glory. Stars and Stripes. Star-Spangled Banner. Fleet: Channel. Grand. High Seas. Pacific, etc. (naval). Forest, national, with name: Angeles National Forest, Min- am Forest, Coconino and Pres- cott National Forests: the for- est, the national forests. Form A, B, etc.: 1, 2, etc. Forty-niner, an old. Foundation. Rockefeller, Sage, Chemical, etc. Freedman's Savings Bank. Freedmen's Hospital. Frisco (no apostrophe). General Accounting Office. General Assembly (Presbyterian Church). General Supply Committee (of the United States Government), gentile. RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION. 23 Geographic names, etc.: Capitalize, singular or plural, immediately following name Aqueduct. Archipelago. Basin. Beach. Bend. Branch (stream). Butte. Canal. Channel. County. Crater. Creek. Dome. Draw (stream). Flats. Fork (stream). Gap. Glacier. Group. Gulch. Harbor. Hill. Hollow. Inlet. Island. Islet. Light. Mountain. Narrows. Nation (Oklahoma). Ocean. Parish (Louisiana). Park. Peninsula. Plateau. Pond. Range (mountain). Reef. Ridge. Run (stream). Shoal. Sound. Spring. Township. Tunnel. Capitalize, singular or plural, before, after, and as part of name- Bay. Bayou. Camp (military). Canyon. Cape. Dalles (The). Desert. Falls. Fort. Head. Isle. Lake. Mount. Oasis. Peak. Point. Port (but port of New York;. River. Sea. Strait. Valley. Volcano. Lower-case expressions like "valleys of Virginia and Maryland"; "valleys" is not part of name. Capitalize when used with a name, number, or letter Breakwater. Chute. Dam. Dike. Dock. Dry Dock. Dune. Geographic names, etc. Contd. Capitalize when used with a name, etc. Continued. Ferry. Forest. Jetty. Landing. Levee. Light. Lighthouse. Light Station. Lock. Pier. Reservoir. Slip. Weir. Wharf. Woods. Girard Estate (Philadelphia). George V, but George the Fifth may be used. Gold Coast(Africaj. gospel (but Gospel, referring to first four books of the New Testament). Government, British, etc.; Fed- eral, General, Imperial, Na- tional, Royal, etc.; lower-case insular government, provincial government, island govern- ment, seat of government, etc. Government Hospital for the In- sane. governmental. Governor General (of Canada, Philippine Islands, etc.). Governor of Porto Rico, of trip Panama Canal; the governor. Governor of Wisconsin, etc.; the governor. Grand Army of the Republic. Grand Army post, but Post Xo. 63, etc. Great Basin, Great Divide, Great Lakes, the Lakes, Great Plains. Group I, 1, A, etc. Gulf (Mexico), the Gulf. Hague, The. haikwan tael. Hall (Senate or House). Halls of Congress. headquarters, Washington's, etc. Heaven (Deity), heaven (place). Hemisphere, Eastern, Western, etc., the hemisphere. Her Majesty, His Majesty (ruler of a country). High Church. -Churchism, -Churchist, -Churchman, -Churchman- ship. High School, Central, etc. Highway Bridge (Washington, Hffl'No.l. Hills Nos. 1 and 2. His Excellency (meaning the ruler of a country). His Excellency the Duke of A thol, etc. His Excellency the Governor. Historical periods: Reformation, the. Renaissance, the. Restoration, the (English). Revolution, the (American, 1775; French, 1789; English. 1688;. Revolution of July (French). Holidays, etc.: Black Friday. Christmas Day. Decoration (or Memorial) Day. Easter Sunday. Fourth of July. Good Friday. Inauguration Day. Independence Day. Labor Day. Holidays, etc. Continued. Thanksgiving Day. Washington's Birthday, etc. Holy Writ (Bible), hospital, Fifth Regiment, etc. Hospital, Providence, St. Eliza- beths, etc.; the hospital. House. Ebbitt, etc. (meaning a hotel). House Office Building. House of Representatives (official titles standing alone): Chairman (Committee of the Whole). Chaplain. Chief Clerk. Clerk (of the House). Doorkeeper. Postmaster. Reporter (the Official Re- porter). Sergeant at Arms. Speaker. Speaker pro tempo re. Hydrographer, the (Navy Depart- ment). Hygienic Laboratory. independence, in the year of our independence. Indians: Absentee Shawnee. Eastern (or Lower) Band of Cherokee. Five Civilized Tribes. Joseph's Band, etc. Shawnee, etc., Tribe; the tribe. Inland and Coastwise Waterways Service (War Department), insular government; island gov- ernment, island of Cuba. Isthmian Canal. Isthmus (Panama). Jersey cattle. Jim Crow. Journal clerk. Journal of the House or Senate. Judge Advocate General (Army or Navy). Krag- Jorgensen . Ku-Klux Klan (organization). Kwong Sui, sixth year, ninth moon. Lakes (meaning the Great Lakes). Latter-day Saints. League of Nations, the league. League to Enforce Peace, the league. Legation, Chinese, etc.; the lega- tion. Legislative Assembly (Porto Rico), standing alone. Legion (meaning American Le- gion). Legislature, National (United States Congress); Ohio Legisla- ture, etc.; the legislature. Letters Patent No. 378964. Levant, the. Liberty loan bonds. Librarian of Congress. Library: of Congress: the Library (meaning Congressional Li- brary). Public ( District of Columbia); free Public; the library. Lighthouse Board (now Bureau of Lighthouses), Establish- ment, Service. Light, Highland, etc.; the light. Lighthouse (following: a name or used with a number). Light Vessel (following a name). Line, Cunard, etc. (steamship). STYLE MANUAL. Lock 1, No. 1; Locks 1 and 2, Nos. 1 and 2. Louisiana Purchase. Low Church. -Churchism, -Church is t, -Churchman, -Churchman- ship. lower House of Congress. Magna Charta. Major GeneraHUommandant (Ma- rine Corps). Mall (District of Columbia), the Mall. Marine Corps. Maritime Provinces (Canada). Mikado. Military Academy (United States), the academy. Military Establishment (Army). Militia: militia (standing alone). First Regiment Ohio. Indiana. Naval. New York Naval Reserve. of Ohio. Organized. Mint, Philadelphia, etc.; the mint. Miscellaneous caps and lower case (follow Webster's preferred form generally in cases not shown here): artesian well. Belleek ware. chinaware. china clay. delftware. derby (hat). fedora. gothic (type). Harveyized steel. indiaink. india rubber. levantine silk. lynch law. lyonnaise potatoes. macadamized road. manila rope, paper. mercerized fabrics. merino sheep. morocco (leather). navy blue. navy cloth. Osnaburg. palm beach (suit). Panama hat. Pasteurized milk plaster of Pans roman (type). Rontgen rays. russia (leather). taggers tin. timothy grass. Venetian blinds. Wedgwood ware. (See also Trade names, p. 19.) Monroe doctrine. Monument (District of Columbia), the Monument. Mountain States. Museum (District of Columbia), the Museum. Nation (synonym for United States). Nation, Creek, Osage, etc. nation-wide. Nati9nal (when preceding capi- talized name). (See also Na- tional, p. 16.) National Academy of Sciences. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. National Bank Redemption Agency. National Board of Health. National forest (capitalize with name); Prescott National For- est, Minam Forest; lower-case the forest, the national forests. National Forest Reservation Commission. National Gallery of Art. National Guard, Ohio, etc.; the National Guard; the guard. National Home for Disabled Vol- unteer Soldiers. National Legislature (United States Congress). National Medical Museum. National Park, Yellowstone, etc. National Treasury. National Woman Suffrage Asso- ciation. Naval Academy (United States), the academy. Naval Asylum. Naval Establishment. Naval Gun Factory. Naval Home (Philadelphia). Naval Militia. Naval Observatory. Naval Reserves, the reserves. Naval Reserve Force, the. naval station: Key West, Fla.; Newport (R. I.) Naval Training Sta- tion, etc. Naval War College: War College; the college. Navy (adjective, noun, and standing alone). (See also Navy, p. 17.) Navy yard (when preceded by name, as Brooklyn Navy Yard, etc.). Near East. Negro: Capitalize only when used as synonym for entire race, or in juxtaposition with other races, as Caucasian , Chinese, Malayan, etc. Lower-case when used as a common noun or adjective, as a negro, negro dialect, negro dentist, etc. New (as part of name): New Ebbitt. New Willard, etc. New World. Night Riders (organization). North Atlantic North Atlantic Squadron. North Pole. North, the (section of the United States), northerners. Northern States. Observatory: observatory (standing alone). Astrophysical, Naval. United States. Occident, the occidental. Office: office (standing alone). Building (House or Sen- ate). Executive. General Land. Government Printing. Hydrographic. Nautical Almanac. of Experiment Stations. Indian. of Indian Affairs. of Naval Intelligence. of Naval Operations. of Naval War Records. of Public Roads. of the Supervising Architect. Patent. Pension. Record and Pension. Official Reporter (Senate or House). Old World. Order of Business No. 56. Ordnance Department. Organization Tables (War De- partment publication). Organized Militia. Organized Reserves. Orient, the. oriental customs, orientals. Pacific coast, slope, and seaboard. Pacific Coast States. Pan American Union, formerly International Bureau of the American Republics. Parcel Post System. Parish, Caddo, etc.; the parish. Parliament (House of). Pass, Passes: Head of Passes (Mississippi River). Pay Department. Paymaster General (Army or Navy). Peninsula (Spain); the Peninsula. Penitentiary, Albany, etc.; the penitentiary. Pharisee (Biblical sect); pharisee (general use). Philippine: Assembly. Commission . Constabulary; the constabu- lary. government (but capitalize in close connection, as, Philip- pine Legislature and Philip- pine Government). Pier A, Pier 1. Pilgrim Fathers, the Pilgrims, a Pilgrim (those of 1620). Plains (Great Plains), plaster of Paris. Plate VI, 6, A, etc. Plaza, Union Station; the Plaza. Pole, North, South; the pole. Political parties: Preceding word "Party" Democratic. Prohibition. Republican, etc. Foreign parties Anticlerical. Boxers. Center. Conservative. Liberal. Unionist, etc. Porto Rico Provisional Regi- ment, but Porto Rico regiment. Post Office Department. Postal Savings System; also Postal Savings (meaning the Postal Savings System). Postal Service. Postal Union. Postmaster General. President: of the United States- Chief Magistrate. Commander in Chief. Executive. His Excellency, of -any country- trie President. Presidency (office of ruler of a country)* presidential . Printing Office (Government Printing Office). Province: Provinces of-- Manila. Ontario. Philippine Islands, (all when synonyms for State). (See also Table of principal foreign gov- ernments, p. 14.) RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION. 25 Proving Ground, Sandy Hook, etc. Public, No. 37 (in text). Public Act 26. Public Act No. 44. Public Printer, the printer. Public Resolution 3. Puritan. Range, Coast, etc. (mountains). Reform School of District of Co- lumbia, the reformatory. Reformatory, Elmira, etc.; the reformatory. Regent (Smithsonian Institu- tion). Register of the Treasury, the register. Regular Army, regular Navy. Religious bodies: Baptist. Buddhist. Catholic. Christian. Christian Science. Evangelical. Hebrew. New Thought. Protestant. Seventh-day Adventists. United Brethren, etc. Rent Commission (District of Co- lumbia). reporters of the Senate or House (meaning other than the Offi- cial Reporters). Representative (in Congress). Republic: French, of Panama, Soviet, Swiss, etc.: the Republic. Lower-case in general sense, as to establish a republic. Reservation. Great Sioux, etc. Resident Commissioner (Philip- pine Islands and Porto Rico). Resolution No. <>, Public Resolu- tion 6. Revised Statutes. Revolutionary (referring to the American, French, and Eng- lish Revolutions). Rockefeller Foundation, Sage Foundation, Chemical Founda- tion, etc. Roman numerals: Capitalize any word used with, except page or pages. Rontgen rays. route No. 12466, mail route No. 1742, railway mail route No. 1144. Rule XXI, rule 21. Ruler of the universe. Rules and Articles of War. Sabbath, Sabbath Day. Schedule K, l,etc. School, Hayes, Girls' Reform, St. John's Industrial, etc., also any service school of the United States Army or Navy; the school. scribe. Scriptures, New and Old Testa- ments (the Bible). Secretary of State, etc. (United States); the Secretary. Secretary of the Smithsonian In- stitution; to the President; the secretary. Secretary of Foreign Affairs (or Education, Colonies, etc.) re- lating to a foreign cabinet offi- cer; the secretary. 64061 22 3 Senate (official titles standing alone): Chaplain. Chief Clerk. Postmaster. President of the. President pro tempore. Presiding Officer. Reporter (the Official Re- porter). Secretary. Sergeant at Arms. Vice President. Senator er pound ; referring to caliber of small arms, .30 caliber, .45-caliber Springfield rifle, distinguishing, how- ever, if used to describe the length of a gun, as a 6-inch rapid-fire rifle, 50 calibers. Degrees, Etc. Longitude 77 04' 06" E., latitude 49 26' 14" N.; a polariscopic test of 85; 45.5 below zero; an angle of 57 ; 25'. 5 or 25. 5 X , as written. Dimensions. Use the form 8 by 12 inches in text, not 8 x 12 inches nor 8 x 12". Distances. Express in figures, as 50 miles, 17 yards, 8 leagues, 9 centimeters, 5 feet 6 inches, about 10 miles; but if a fraction of a mile is given spell, as one-half mile. Enumerations. Use figures for all enumerations of weights and measures. In such examples as the following use figures unless under 10, but all the enumer- ations should be in figures in a group where any one enumeration is 10 or more: There were 20 males and 25 females, 45 in all; six horses; 10 horses; 6 horses, 5 cows, and 26 head of sheep; 25 bulletins, containing 352 pages; the population of Chicago is more than 2,000,000; a hamlet of 18 persons; a 6-footer. If complicated spell, as twenty-five 6-inch guns, two f-inch boards, five 5-cent pieces, seven 8-hour days, etc. An expres- sion containing more than two enumerations to be regarded as a group. (See under Figures, p. 30.) Spell such expressions as the following: Between two and three hundred horses, forty-^odd people, one hundred and odd men (not 100 odd men) ; the population is forty or fifty thousand; but the expression "fifty-fifty " to be in figures, as, it is 50-50. Fractions and Shilling Mark. mon fractions if alone, as one-half, one-eighth, etc. Do riot use a hyphen i<'h expressions as one half and the other half; one sixth to John and the other tth to James. If ^is marked "spell," use "one-fourth." If written "one- quarter," mge, except to secure uniformity. Use the shilling mark in statements of sight was impaired 20/400. (See also Compound and noncompound words, p. 1 s - Measures. Use figures in all cases, as 40 bushels, 1 gallon, 6 acres, etc'. 32 STYLE MANUAL. Money. Express as follows: At $3 per 200 pounds; 75 cents apiece; 2.5 francs per yard; $0.7525 per ounce; 2 4s. 6d. ; Indian rupees should be Rs. 3,225,644, not Rs. 32,25,644, Spell such expressions as a million dollars; a million and a half; one or two millions; millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute. (See also Values of foreign coins, p. 126.) Percentage. To be expressed as 12 per cent, 25.5 per cent; but one-half of 1 per cent. Xever use hyphens in such expressions as 12 per cent interest, etc. Scriptural Texts. Genesis xv, 24; II Samuel viii, 9-13; St. Matthew vii, 5. Specific Gravity. Use the period, as 1.100, 0.980. Superiors and Inferiors. Use superior figures for references and footnotes and also with reference letters, as A 1 , A 2 , or a 1 , a 2 , etc. Use inferiors in chemical formulas, as A1 2 O 3 , and always close up. Votes, Ballots, Etc. To be expressed as 5 votes; 50 ballots: 300 voters; 167 Democrats; 4 or 15 majority. Weights. To be expressed as 12 pounds: 4 hundredweight; 2 ounces, etc. Abbreviations. TABULAR WORK. (See also Abbreviations, p. 27.) Units of quantity (lower-case, except No.) to the right of reading columns and in italic (capitalized) over figure columns should be spelled when possible. When the space available requires an abbreviation, use the following forms: M, M feet, sq. feet, cu. (for cubic), kilo (for kilogram), dolls., galls., Ibs., bbls., and yds.: ft., in., dwt., oz., cwt., doz., and bush, are used for either singular or plural. If over figure columns, use the forms a. m. for antemeridian; Ft. in. for feet and inches; H. m. s. for hours, minutes, and seconds; p. m. for postmeridian: s. d. for pounds, shillings, and pence; and Mm. for millimeter. In columns of names of persons follow the copy as to abbreviations of given names; but well-known abbreviations of names must be used to save overruns. Brother, Brothers, or Company, if part of a firm or corporate name, and Railroad, Railway, (Incorporated), (Limited), or (Corporation), if preceded by name, must be abbreviated Bro.. Bros., Co., R. R., Ry., (Inc.), (Ltd.), or (Corp.), using parentheses as here given, but do not abbreviate railroad or railway in such names as Oregon- Washington Railroad & Navigation Co., Washington Railway & Electric Co., Midland Electric & Railway Co., etc." Use & in firm or corporate names. If width of column will not admit of spelling, the following forms may be used in numbered streets throughout table to save overruns, as 4 St. N\V.. 8th St. SE., etc. ; the words "street' ' and "avenue" may also be abbreviated when necessary to save overruns. Abbreviate months when day of month follows except May, June, and July. This applies also to notes below tables. Abbreviate months standing alone in narrow boxes. Italic and other headings above box heads are to be considered as text, and months followed by date are to be spelled. Abbreviate months followed by date when in parentheses or brackets over tables and leader work, but spell in credit and extract lines over text. Blanks. Omit blank lines in tables when they carry neither figures nor references, also in divided tables omit the blank lines in each divide. RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION. 33 Box Heads. To be solid and borne off an em space above and below rule except when heads run up; centered, except when column is 10 ems or more in width and the matter makes three or more lines, in which case make a hanging indention. Run-up heads should be indented an en space at the beginning of the line and bear off an en space when reaching the rule at the top; if they make two lines, center the second; if three lines, make a hanging indention. To run across wherever practicable; if necessary to run up, reduce to minimum depth. If one head is required to run up, run up all heads over figure columns in the same table. Avoid running up over reading and date columns. If a single box exceeds the depths of a double or triple box, place the extra space in the lowermost box. If a head is composed of double boxes or a greater number, the greatest num- ber of lines in the top box will control the depth of all the top boxes, unless by so doing the total depth of the heading is increased; so also in each of the other boxes. Occasionally the top box of a triple box head may be of such depth as to make a better appearance by allowing its bottom rule to align with the bottom rule of the second box. If a box head is composed wholly of figures or the letters A, B, or (a), (b), etc., omit the period: also in cases where figures or letters are joined by a word, as 20 to 30, 30 and 3.5, A-B, and D, etc. In boxes containing two lines, the first line to be the longer when possible; but do not sacrifice good appearance by dividing short words or making two-letter divi- sions in wide columns. In parallel tables, where a box head is divided, repeat the box head for each page. Words divided between pages in heads over parallel tables take no hyphen. Referring to quantity or things, spell the word " number" in box heads when pos- sible; use No. when referring to a serial number. Use 8-point quad line between head and body of table when a 6-point box is used over an 8-point table and no unit of quantity is given. If unit of quantity is given, use 6-point quad line and set unit line in 6-point italic. Braces. Braces preferably to be placed on right of rule. Center Heads, Flush Heads, and Subheads. Use a full blank line above all center heads in stub. This applies to years used as heads in reading columns. Where a parallel dash, runover, etc., in another column furnishes a blank space above the head do not add an extra blank. If the center head clears the reading matter below, and there are leaders, use a line of en quads only; if no leaders below and the center head clears at least an en space, omit blank; but if it clears less than an en space, use an en quad line. Otherwise use full blank below. If center heads appear in figure columns, use quad line above but no space below. Use a colon after a flush head and an em dash after each subordinate head. (See also Date columns, p. 34.) Ciphers. In columns where the first number is wholly a decimal, supply cipher at left of point in first instance only and under cross rules. Follow copy in the use of the word "none" or a cipher meaning none in figure columns. If ciphers are not in copy, use leaders. In columns of figures under the headings "Ft. in.," " s. d.," etc., ciphers should be supplied on the right; that is, when an even number of feet is given, supply one cipher under "in."; if an even number of pounds is given, supply one cipher under "s." and one under "d."; if only shillings are given, supply one cipher under "d." (See also Miscellaneous examples, p. 38.) Continued. Omit period or colon after a center head, flush head, or subhead when the word "Continued" is used, and always use an em dash between it and the head. Use the abbreviation "Contd." (omitting apostrophe) or "Con." to avoid an overrun. If the head is all lower case or all small caps, lower-case the terms "continued," "contd.," or "con." (See p. 190 et seq. for examples of all-lower-case heads.) Continued Heads. Continued heads over tables must be condensed into one line if possible. If heads of tables or box heads have a reference and footnote, do not repeat reference when continued. Six-point notes above tables should be in brackets; they generally do not repeat with continued heads. 34 STYLE MANUAL. Dashes. Do not carry dashes in reading or date columns. Parallel dashes should be used whenever necessary to cut off from figures below. Date Columns. Date columns are not classed as reading columns unless over 1\ ems wide. In columns cast to 5, 7, or 1\ ems (the last named for inside columns) bear off from the rule an en space, placing the remaining space between the month and the day; when the year is used, put an en comma only between it and the day. Omit the period at end of line when a 4 or 7 em column is the last one of the table. If reference figures are used in 4, 5, 7. or 1\ em date columns, place reference at, right . If the year is centered in columns consisting entirely of dates or months, use a full blank above but no space below. If not followed by leaders, and consisting of years only, and some of the lines have a double year, center each in the column, in the following manner: 1898 1899-1900 1901-2 Ditto. Never use "do. " in the first line under a center head, under a line of leaders, or in a column consisting entirely of "Yes" and "No"; but it may be used under a blank space. The do." does not include the reference figure, if any, on the preceding item. Whenever a reference is intended to apply to the dittoed item also, the reference fig- ure should be added to the "do." (See table, p. 36.) Use "do." in reading and date columns only. Use "do." when intended to mean the last 'item or da'te of a braced group, if the items or dates are separate lines. If commas are used instead of "do.," invert the commas. Capitalize if not preceded on the left by words, figures, or leaders. In the last column of a table capitalize, but do not use leaders. In columns 6 ems or less in width use \\ ems of quads (including the en quad used for bearing off) or 1$ ems of leaders, as may be required, before the "do." In columns more than 6 ems in width use 2 ems of quads (in addition to the en quad used for bearing off) or 2 ems of leaders. If a date column of 5 ems or less is the first column of a table, clear the month in- stead of repeating it or using "Do.." If "do." is used in stub under units of quantity, use a 2-em leader on right. Under units of quantity which are spelled use "do."; repeat abbreviated units. Years centered in date columns do not affect the use of "do." in other columns. Dollar Mark. To be placed close to figure, and repeated under cross rules only. In columns con- taining mixed amounts, as money, tons, gallons, etc., repeat the dollar, pound, or peso mark, etc., as required, in each instance before sums of money; but if several sums of money are grouped together and run to a total, place the dollar sign, peso, or pound mark, etc., at top of group only. In double columns of figures in a single money column, connected by an en dash or the word "to" or similar connecting word, the dollar mark or marks will be re- quired only in the first line at the top of the column, as $10-$12, etc. Double-up Tables. Repeat a center head, flush head, or subhead at the top of the second column, if the matter under it breaks, adding the word "Continued." Use an en quad only on each side of the parallel rule. Bear off leaders and dashes an en space when they are used in the last column of the first half in double-up matter. En-quadded Tables. Omit en quads above and below dashes. Use en quads when rules are used instead of dashes. Use en quads under units in figure columns. In 8-point en-quaaded tables use 8-point en quad under units of quantity. [6-point quads.] Example: inch. [8-point en quads.] KULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION. 35 Figure Columns. Bear off the longest line of figures at least an en quad from right of rule. When crowded and only a few figures will touch, close up on the left; if necessary to close up on the right in one figure column, close up in all figure columns. In double columns of figures in a single column, connected by an en dash or the word "to" or similar connecting word, the en dashes or words should be aligned. Plus and minus marks, when appearing at left of figures, should be close to the figures, disregarding alignment. Words in figure columns should align on right with figures. Capitalize and use a thin period. Figures expressing different units (feet, dollars, etc.) align on right. Footnotes and References. Footnote reference figures in tables will be run consecutively from 1 to 99. This will apply to text also. In publications which are divided into chapters, parts, or separates, begin each chapter, part, or separate with footnote 1. References and footnotes must begin with 1 in each new table. If a reference is repeated on another page it must carry the original footnote; but to prevent repetition, especially in the case of long notes, copy editor may use the words " See footnote 3 (or 6, 8, etc.) on p. " instead of the entire footnote. Footnotes must be paragraphs. If notes are short the arrangement must be left to the maker-up. (See also Page and stone revising, p. 7.) Footnotes, cross headings, and notes referring to table must be solid when table is solid and leaded when table is en quadded. Footnotes must have the same abbreviations as are used in the table. In a series of short footnotes align the reference figures on the right and the first letters of the notes. Roman superior figures must be used for references, using a 5-em space bear-off in reading columns and a 3-em space bear-off in figure columns. Use period between an abbreviation and a reference mark, as St. Louis, Mo. 1 Footnote references must be placed at the right in reading and date columns and at the left in figure columns. References in sideheads are to follow colon and precede dashes, as Construction: 1 ; Federal work 2 . If two or more footnotes are in one line, equalize the space; but at least 2 ems must be placed between notes. If a reference figure stands alone in parentheses in a figure or date column, it must be centered; in a reading column, it must be in parentheses and be borne off an en quad on the left and be followed by leaders, as if it were a word. Footnotes and notes referring to tables must be in 6-point. References to footnotes must be numbered across the page from left to right and across both pages if parallel. (See also Footnotes, p. 9.) Fractions. Common fractions should be borne off an en quad from the rule, and whole num- bers should clear the fractions throughout the columns. Align decimal points except in columns containing mixed numbers having irreg- ular decimals; that is, when one number has a decimal of one figure, another four fig- ures, and so on, one representing pounds, another dollars, and another percentage, etc. Omit commas in built fractions, as 1000000 * Use em fractions in 8 and 10 point line type. Use em fractions in Treasury, War, Navy, and Post Office specifications when set wider than document measure. Italic. Units of quantity, etc., when placed over figure columns, should be set in italic, be used only at the beginning of a new table or at the head of a continued page, and drop down on figures in solid tables. (See table, p. 36.) Names of vessels and scientific names of genera and species should be set in roman. Leaders. Continue leaders across the entire width of table, except when the last column is a reading column or a 4^ or 7 em date column, in which case omit the leaders from that column. Also omit leaders in a 4 or 7 em date column or a figure column when either is the first column of a table; but if figures are used to make a stub they may be followed by leaders. 36 STYLE MANUAL. Leading from Top or Bottom Lines. If there is only one reading column, leader from the bottom; if more than one, leader from the top, omitting leaders in the run-over line. Date columns 5, 7, and 7 ems wide are not to be regarded as reading columns in connection with leading from top line. In parallel tables where the lines are numbered on the outside of each page, leader from the top. Letter Spacing of Words. Letter space words only if unavoidable, preferably last word; but letter space all of a short word rather than part of a long one. Reading Columns. To be borne off an en quad from rule. Indention from rule means so many ems in addition to the en quad used for bearing off. If the last word in a leader line runs close to the rule, use an en leader if space permits; if not, use a thin space, but never use a period except when a reference mark follows an abbreviation. (See also Leader work, p. 37.) Numerical terms should be expressed in figures, even at the beginning of a sentence : 241 days from Dec. 1; trains 3 times a day. Overruns are usually 1-em hanging indention. Figures beginning a stub, if totaled, should be aligned on right; if not totaled they may be aligned on left and be followed by leaders. Tables in Rules. Bear off all figures an em quad when an em quad can be used on each side of the figures; otherwise bear off an en quad; but the first and last columns must always be borne off an em quad from outside rules. Units of Quantity, Dashes, Etc. (See also Italic, p. 47; Indentions, p. 49.) In stub columns place units of quantity on right in all cases. If the subject does not make full line and yet will not permit insertion of unit in same line, space out the subject line and begin overrun line with leaders, allowing the proper indention for the overrun, the unit of quantity to be 1 em leader from rule on right. Omit the comma preceding leaders. If an item which has a reference figure is dittoed, the "do." does not include the reference. If the preceding reference applies to the dittoed item also, the refer- ence figure should be added to the " do. " (See following table.) Table showing style in regard to the use of units of quantity in stub and figure columns, dashes, reference figures for footnotes, words in figure columns, plus and minus marks, use of braces, miscellaneous figures, usual form of italic and box heads, etc. Year. Article. Date. 1901 1902 FARM PRODUCTS. A nimal matter. Hides and skins, other than furs pounds. . Wool: Washed! do.... June 16i Value. 2 $5, 729, 927 / 18,423 Quantity. 5,881,168 146,000 Value. 2 $942, 246 Quantity. 5,364,426 Value. 2 $964, 424 / 27,643 Do do.... \ 11,521 152,429 \ 22,368 Vegetable matter. Cocoa, and chocolate pounds.. Coffee do Jan. 15 Feb 20 254,452 4 279 779 2,452,452 4,263,943 +224,942 64,243 2,432,264 2 476,242 Fibers, vegetable: In raw state Cotton 3 bales Mar 17 42 648 335 98 250 +272,894 None Do do.. Apr. 10 26.084 16, 789 48, 716 10,709 40,278 Do 3 do Apr 15 63 094 152,429 308,736 None. Istle or tampico fiber, pounds May 12 70,124 84,026 +5,158 Total 53,315,784 3,575,973 ( 4 ) 1,059,864 1903 1 Approximate. 2 Amount estimated. Other than in raw state. Not stated. RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION. [Follow copy in the use of ciphers or leaders.] Mortality report for July. 37 Place. Cases. Deaths. Per cent. Des Moines, Iowa Mineral Point Wis o o o Jackson, Miss .. 7 2 35.0 Topeka Kans . 2 o o Chicago 111 12 Readings of Snake River, near Red Dog, Minn. Month. Discharge in second-feet. Run-off in acre-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. October 10 8.0 7.5 9.0 8.46 8.00 520 143 1,690 5,540 241 November March April 284 5.0 28 27.0 93.1 4.05 Mav LEADER WORK. To have the same style as tables in the following particulars: "Continued" (the use of), flush heads and subheads, indentions, numerical expressions in reading col- umns, aligning words in figure columns and figures in reading columns, abbreviation of railroads or railways, firm or corporate names, months when followed by day, and units of quantity at right in reading columns. Width of figure column to be an en space more than the longest line of figures, but no column less than 2 ems. If the last column is reading matter, run leaders to within an en space of the word and use period at end of line. Names of vessels and scientific names of genera and species should be set in italic. Dashes. Use parallel dashes in figure columns if necessary to cut off from figures below. In leaded leader work omit lead above and below dashes. Dollar Mark. To be used at beginning of each statement, first line of double-up matter, at the head of a continued statement, and on first line of each cut-in. Center subheads are not to be considered the beginning of a statement. Flush Heads and Subheads. Must clear figure columns. Units of Quantity. If a column is composed of a quantity of one kind, and a head is desired, the head should be in 6-point roman, centered over the figure column. The examples below show the style to be observed when there is a short side head to the left (note the lead under 6-point head in solid matter) : Pennsylvania R. R.: Tons. Freight carried Jan. 1, 1921 21, 000 Baltimore & Ohio R. R.: Freight carried Tons. In the month of May 150, 000 If there is no side head : Freight carried by the Pennsylvania R. R. and the Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Tons. in the month of May 371, 500 38 STYLE MANUAL. Miscellaneous Examples. The following examples show leader work set in half measure and doubled up; also if the last column is composed of mixed units of quantity and amounts and words; and the use of ciphers in columns of pounds, shillings, and pence, etc. Half measure doubled up: Seedlings: Inches. Black locust 27 Honey locust 16 Green ash 7 Box elder... 24 Seedlings Continued. Inches. Osage orange 20 Catalpa 16 Black walnut 10 Chestnut.. 12 Mixed units of quantity and amounts and words: Capital invested *8, 000 Value of implements and stock $3, 000 Land under cultivation acres. . 12&. 6 Orchard do 21.4 Forest land do 50 Live stock: Horses 8 Value $1. 500 Cows 18 Weekly production of butter per cow pounds. . 7% Hogs 46 Loss from cholera None. The use of ciphers in columns of English money, etc.: Imports: s. d. Tobacco 98 Cotton s 10 Exports: Tobacco 12 Cotton 7 Livestock 20 4 ADDRESSES. In long addresses, set names in caps and small caps to within 10 ems of end of line and turn over, indenting second line 2 ems. Capitalize the principal words in business and residence addresses. Abbreviate when necessary to the good appearance of a line. Space with en quads in black-letter, small-cap, cap-and-small-cap, and cap lines. Also observe same spacing when words in caps, small caps, etc., appear in text. Omit lead when space is clear between date line and address, signature and text, or signature and address. If end of line is 3 ems or more from dash, omit slug; if. less than 3 ems, use slug. In text, Esq., jr., sr.; in a cap-and-small-cap address or signature, Esq., Jr., Sr.; when address or signature is all caps, ESQ., JR., SR. If set in caps of type having no small caps, use caps and lower case. Addresses to be placed either at beginning or end of a letter or paper, as indicated by copy. Set first line flush when at beginning of a letter or paper; indent 1 em when placed at end. The name of a person or firm, or the title of an official, in an address must be at left of page, in caps and small caps, the title or address following in italic (but "United States Army" or "United States Navy" immediately following a name must be in same line as name, using roman cap and lower case). Use one lead under an address when at the beginning of a letter. General addresses must be set in italic, flush, overruns indented 1 em; caps and lower case: To Collectors of Customs and Internal Revenue: To the Congress of the United States: To the Senate: To the Senate and House of Representatives: To all whom it may concern: RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION. 39 The examples which follow show some of the forms to be observed: [When italic line is longer than name line, indent italic line 2 ems under name line. Ordinarily where both lines are about same length or the italic line is the shorter, place the italic line so that its center will be at the end of the name line. When an address makes only half a line and does not touch on date or signature above, it should be in a line by itself.] j. Gen. LANSING H. BEACH, United States Army, Chief of Engineers. QThe CHIEF OF ENGINEERS nnn(Through the Division Engineer). The CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES ARMY. Brig. Gen. W. H. BIXBY, D D Chief of Engineers, United States Army , Washington, D. C. To SMITH & JONES, and DDBROWN & GREEN, Esqs., Attorneys for Claimant . To SMITH & JONES, BROWN & GREEN, WHITE & JACKSON, DDBLACK & JOHNSON, Esqs., Attorneys for Claimant. DThe honorable the SECRETARY OF WAR. DMY DEAR SIR: DMr. REED: STATE OF NEW YORK, County of New York, ss: [Note punctuation in these forms:] Hon. WILLIAM TYLER PAGE, Clerk of the House of Representatives. QDEAR MR. CLERK: I have the honor, etc. Lieut. (Junior Grade) JOHN SMITH, Navy Department: DThe care shown by you, etc. SIGNATURES. Signatures must be at right of page (but names of witnesses to a signature must be at left, as shown in example following) in caps and small caps, indented 1, 3, or 5 ems, according to the number of lines; the title, etc., following to be treated as in addresses. Make two lines if signature, title, etc., together would make more than half a line. Mr., Mrs., or any title preceding a signature set in caps must be caps and small caps. Use lower-case for Mr., Mrs., or any title preceding a signature set in caps and email caps. In a list of independent signatures align on the left, bearing off longest name 1 em on right when no title follows. Use period after each name, as follows: On behalf of the Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce. GEO. W. PHILIPS. SAML. CAMPBELL. H. H. STROHMEYER & Co.Q [When signature does not make more than half a line and the line of text above is blank:] JOHN F. MACKEY, Teacher. Q Observe quotation marks in signatures, as D D D ' ' Very respectfully, "M. T. JENKINSSON.Q "ALBERT WARD." 40 STYLE MANUAL. [Do not run in with paragraph nor in signature line ".Respectfully submitted," " Respectfully," "Very respectfully," "Yours truly," etc.] D Respectfully submitted. L. A. WRIGHT, Q D D United States Indian Agent. Q D D n Yours truly, JAMES STALEY, Jr. , D D D Superintendent. D DThe SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. D Q O Very respectfully, A. F. CALDWELL,DDD United States Indian Agent. Q [If a person signs for a corporation, etc. Same style to be used if one person signs for another. Do not use lead to separate in this case. Note punctuation:] UNITED STATES IMPROVEMENT Co.,Q By JOHN SMITH, Secretary. JOHN L. PENN, Solicitor, By FREDERICK VAN DYNE,DDD Assistant Solicitor. Q JOHN SMITH DDD (For the Governor of Pennsylvania) . D NORTH AMERICAN ICE Co.,n G. Y. ATLEE, Secretary. JOHN W. SMITHQDD (And 25 others). D JOHN (his x mark) SMITH. D ["Signed " will be separated 3 ems from signature. Note the two cases following:] ( Sign ed)nnn PHILIP P. CAMpBELL,nnn (Signed) JOHN L. CABLE, Committee on the part of the House of Representatives. D [Observe lead.] (Signed)Q DO WESLEY L. JONES, (Signed) KNUTE NELSON, Committee on the part of the Senate. D Dnnl am, very respectfully, yours, etc., (Signed) DDDFRED C. KLEINSCHMIDT, D D D Assistant Clerk Court of Claims. Q [Eight to twenty names, inclusive, without titles following, should be set in half measure, in caps and small caps, longest line 1 em from right; if more than 20, or if titles follow, set in full measure, lower case, indented 5 and 7 ems, as follows:] rown, Shipley & Co.; Denniston, Cross & Co.; Fruhling & Groschen, nnnnnnn attorneys; C. J. Hambro & Sons; Hardy. Nathan & Co.; Heilbut, D D n n D CH D Symons & Co.; Harrison Bros. & Co., by George Harrison; Hoare, D D D D D D OMiller & Co. [If signature touches matter above, use a lead to separate:] D D Dl have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN R. KING, Secretary. [In 10-point, "I have the honor to be 1 ' must be run in with text, as:] when I hear from you. I have the honor to be, DDDVery respectfully, your obedient servant, CHAS. H. POINDEXTER.D [The word "seal," if used officially, is indented 1 em from left; if in personal signature put at right, Place 1 em between "seal" and signature:] D[SEAL.] RICHARD RoE,nDD Notary Public. D J. M. WILBUR. [SEAL.]Q BARTLETT, ROBINS & Co.Q[sEAL.]n RULES AXD STYLE OF COMPOSITION. 41 [Note style as to witnesses:] Din presence of DDDA. B. BROWN. DDDJHN DOE. D Attest: RICHARD ROE, Notary Public. Q [Papers signed by an official, showing approval:] DBy the governor: NATHANIEL Cox, Secretary of State. Q D Approved. JOHN SMITH, Governor, n [In Statutes at Large, at end of proclamations, etc.:] QBy the President: DD*D CHARLES EVANS HUGHES, Secretary of State. DATE LINES. [See also form of proclamation date, p. 75.] Capitalize the principal words. A date at beginning of letter or paper must be placed at right of page, indented 1, 3, or 5 ems, according to the number of lines. Dates on newspaper extracts to be at beginning of paragraph. Use caps and small caps for name of place and lower-case roman for date proper, as NEW YORK, N. Y., August 21, 1921. A dispatch received here from, etc. Dates at end of letter or paper must be placed at left of page, using roman caps and lower-case if above signature; caps, small caps, and italic if below signature. [Above signature.] [Below signature.) QSteubenville, Ohio, July 30, 1921. QSTEUBENVILLE, OHIO, July 28, 1921. DJuly 28, 1921. QJuLY 30, 1921. THE WHITE HousE,DDD Washington, D. C., January 1, 1921. Q THE WHITE HOUSE, July 30, 1921. n TREASURY DEPARTMENT,nnnDD OFFICE OF AUDITOR FOR THE STATE AND OTHER DEPARTMENTS, D EH D Washington, D. C., May 4, 1921.H TREASURY DEPARTMENT, July 30, 1921. Q DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCED DD July 30, 1921. H OFFICE OF JOHN SMITH & Co.,DDD 26 Bill Street, New York, N. Y., June 6, 1921. n WASHINGTON, May 20, 192110 a. m.Q THURSDAY, MAY 5, 19212 p. M.Q WASHINGTON, November 29, 1921. DDD (Received December 6, 1921. )Q ON BOARD THE U. S. S. "CONNECTICUT, "QQD September 21, 1921. D OFFICE COMMISSIONERS DISTRICT OF CoLUMBiA,QnD Washington, November 6, 1921 . D [Note also the following date lines in hearings. Observe that in Senate hearings date lines are set in case 2 caps and that the Senate line precedes the committee line. In House hearings the committee line comes first and is followed by House line and date.] COMMITTEE ON THE MERCHANT MARINE AND FISHERIES, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Thursday, October 27, 1921. MONDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1921. UNITED STATES SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON MANUFACTURES, Washington, D. C. CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, JOINT COMMISSION OF AGRICULTURAL INQUIRY, Washington, D. C. 04061 22 4 42 STYLE MANUAL. PUNCTUATION. (See also Testimony, p. 43.) If a sentence is divided into two clauses the second of which requires a comma, a semicolon must be used after the first clause, as the following: "The gentleman will probably be here to-day; but if he should not be, you will excuse him." If a sentence is divided and the second clause is complete, with subject and predicate, use comma, although connected by a conjunction (or disjunctive, "or," "but," etc.), as in the following: "He listened to the statement, and he then agreed to the proposition." Otherwise omit comma, as "He listened to the statement and agreed," etc. In sentences divided by commas, use commas before conjunctions; if divided by semicolons, use semicolons before conjunctions. Commas before and after phrases separating conjunctions from verbs should usually be omitted. "He listened to the statement and, without further consideration, agreed to the proposition," will be punctuated as follows: "He listened to the statement and without further consideration agreed to the proposition." Use single punctuation in citations of cases and statutes, as (124 U. S. 321; R. S. p. 310, sec. 1748). Quote anything preceded by the terms "entitled," "the word," "the term," "termed," and "marked." When quotation marks are used at the beginning of a line of poetry they should clear. Lines should be aligned on the left, those that rhyme taking the same inden- tion. Do not quote any communication carrying date and signature. Do not quote after the terms "known as " and "so-called " unless the words following are misnomers, slang expressions, or ordinary words and phrases used in an arbitrary way, as, they have a "gentlemen's agreement"; the "invisible government" is re- sponsible; the doings of the "robber trust" have become; the "labor trust," the "plunder bund," "blue-sky law, " the "invisible empire," etc. Use double quotes to inclose exact words of original matter; use single quotes within matter already quoted; then double quotes for quotation inside of second quote Continue to alternate between single and double quotes to end of matter. In quoted matter arranged by paragraphs carry all unclosed quotes at beginning of paragraph. To prevent too many quotes at beginning of paragraphs, sometimes matter may be run in. Quotes at beginning of paragraph should be limited if possible to three*sets (double, single, double). Each part of a quotation should begin and end with quotes when interrupted. Words and phrases are sometimes quoted for emphasis, example, or contrast, or because they are slang, technical, or rarely used terms. Copy editors will indicate quotes in such cases. Place all points (and three stars when used at end of quoted matter) inside the quotation marks: "John B. * * *." "Is this plain? * * *." "I was going to * * *^> Do not use a period after letters in such expressions as A said to B, Mr. A told Mr. B, etc.; but the period should be used when the letters are abbreviations of actual names, as Mr. K. (for Mr. King) or Mr. A. (for Mr. Andrews), etc. Exclamation and interrogation points, colons, and semicolons should be placed inside the quotation marks when part of the quotation; otherwise outside. For example: He asked, "Who are they?" Did you go on the "Pennsy "? In direct address to a person or personified object use "O" (without exclamation point). Use "Oh" in exclamations where no direct appeal or address is made. Examples: "O my friend, let us consider this item." "Oh, but the gentleman is wrong." When strong feeling is expressed, use exclamation point, which is generally carried to the end of the expression, as "O Lord, save Thy people!" If a city or town and State are used adjectively, put State in parentheses, as Baltimore (Md.) Sun, Boston (Mass.) City Council, etc. In indexes, etc., observe this form: Brown, A. H., jr.; Brown, A. H., & Sons. George G. Greene, being sworn and examined, on oath deposes and says: Isaac Fuller, sworn, and testified as follows: My age is 30 years 6 months 12 days. P. L. Smith, sworn and examined. (124 U. S. 329.) Colonel Seventh Cavalry. Captain, Seventh Cavalry. RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION. 43 John Smith, of New York; President Hadley, of Yale University; Carroll of Carroll- ton, Henry of Navarre (no comma in cases where the place named has become closely identified with the person); Henry Jones, private, first class. If the name of the State is given after a duplicate name of a Senator or Repre- sentative, omit the comma after the name, as Walsh of Massachusetts. Respectfully yours. Yours respectfully. Yours truly. I am, very respectfully, yours, etc. Congressional, No. 25. No. 135, Congressional. Congressional case No. 25. Record, case No. 384. Term No., 625. Public, No. 37 (in text). Letters Patent No. 189463. Do not use a dash at the beginning of a line. Do not use a hyphen in such expressions as one half and the other half. In the first session Sixty-seventh Congress. In the Sixty-seventh Congress, first session. Col. (now Brig. Gen.) Henry G. Sharpe. Plumbers' Union No. 1. New York Plumbers' Union, No. 1. In latitude 40 19^ 12" N., longitude 30 08' 14" W. Answer this question: How can the work be accomplished? Have you any interest in this case? If so, what? Have you any interest in this case? If so, state what. Have you any interest in this case : and if so, what? Have you any interest in this case? And if so, state what. How can you explain this? "Fee paid, $5." The witness, being asked if he wished to say anything further, said "No." Mr. CURTIS. Let us see what that is: The stipulations of the treaty I do not think he means that are to be a complete, etc. [Note use of interrogation mark in the following:] Mr. PENROSE. Mr. President, what does this mean? We have never received a dollar of this amount. Note the omission of the comma in such expressions as $2 gold, $2.50 United States currency, $3.50 Mexican. Observe punctuation in the following forms: GENERAL ORDERS.! SPECIAL ORDERS,! EXECUTIVE ORDER! No. 31. / No. 42. / No. 66. / GENERAL ORDER! SPECIAL ORDER! No. 1. / No. 1. j TESTIMONY, HEARINGS, ETC. (See also Figures, p. 30; Punctuation, p. 42.) Make one paragraph of question and answer if abbreviated to "Q." and "A." (see also Court style, p. 50), connecting the question and its answer by an em dash; but if there is an interruption, use 2-em dash only: Q. Did you see^ A. No, sir. If the answer is not introduced by "A.," "Ans.," or "Answer" in the copy or when the name or title of a participant is used, make a new paragraph. In testimony when the stenographer inserts explanatory language into or at the end of the remarks of a witness, use [ ]. Use ( ) for parenthetical phrases or sentences and to inclose inserted words follow- ing the name, "Q.," or ''A." If an entire sentence is in ( ) or [ ], the closing period should be within the ( ) or [ ]. The following examples illustrate the use of brackets, colons, and parentheses: At end of sentence [Laughter.]; within a sentence [laughter]. The paper was as follows [reads]: 44 STYLE MANUAL. I do not know. [Continues reading:] The CHAIRMAN (to Mr. Smith). Mr. KELLEY (to the chairman). SEVERAL VOICES. Order ! The WITXESS. He did it that way [indicating]. Q. (By Mr. SMITH ) Do you know'these men? [handing witness a list]. (Objected to.) A. (After examining list.) Yes; I do. Q (Continuing.) A. (Reads:) A. (Interrupting.) If necessary to spell "Q." and "A.," the words in parentheses should be lower- cased, the punctuation being outside the last parenthesis, as follows: Question (continuing). Answer Creads): [2 leads.] DDQBv the COMMISSIONER: [Head.] " Observe punctuation in the following paragraph: The defendant, George Brown, stated to the court, etc. The following forms show punctuation required: I- X Q. Re X Q. 1. 24. Q. 46th. Cross-int. X Ques. 1. R. X Int. 1. 24. Question. 46. Cross-int. 1. Add. direct. 24. X Int. X Q. 1. 46. Cross-ques 2. R. D. Q. X Int. 1. 24. Int. 46. C. Int 3. Re D. Q. X 20. 5. Re X Q, 46th. C. Int. 4. R. X Q. 24. X. 24th. Cross-ques. Answer to cross-int. 1. If the number precedes "Q.," "X Q.." etc., use an en quad after the number, otherwise use 3-em spaces, except after last period use an en^quad. If spelled out, use the following forms: cross-examination. recross-examination. redirect examination, cross-interrogatory. re-recross-examination. re-redirect examination . In hearings, testimony, etc,, abbreviated forms used by a speaker should be followed, as, the B. & O. has carried; the G. A. R. was organized; the new program of the K. ofC.; theY.M.O. A.; etc. ORTHOGRAPHY, ETC. Webster's New International Dictionary, current edition, must be followed in spelling, compounding, and dividing words. The preferred forms are to be used in spelling Following is the office practice in regard to the words shown: afterwards. coconut . reconnaissance. airplane dato . reenforced. aluminum. disk. reinforced (construction work; awhile (adv.): when not used ad- distributer. also military). verbially make two words, as, draft. rhyme. for a while. dreadnaught (but dreadnought, sirup, blond. meaning a ship). sometime (adv.), but when not bowlder. drought. used adverbially make two briquet. fuse. words, as he worked for some briquetted. inclose. time. briquetting. indorse. thrash (to beat soundly, collo- cannot. insanitary. quial; to sail in lively sea, canyon. margarin (chemical). nautical), carabao (singular or plural). margarine (butter substitute). thresh (beating grain). clew. misfire. tonsillitis, clue (hint to mystery). program. toward. Observe the following forms in the treatment of nationalities: Argentinian Dominican. Panaman. Brazilian. Ecuadorian. Paraguayan. Chilean. - Guatemalan. Part- Hawaiian. Colombian. Haitian. Porto Rican. Costa Rican. Honduran. Tennesseean. Cuban. Montenegrin. Venezuelan. Czech o-Slovak. Nicaraguan. Yugo-Slav. Use accents in foreign proper names and words unless otherwise directed, but not in geographic names. The Spanish tilde (n) and French cedilla (c) must be fol- lowed. In general work, do not use canon; make it canyon. RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION. 45 The following is a partial list of words in common use in which accented letters appear: ppliqu<5d. attache. cafe". charg6 d'affaires. confrere. coup d'etat. coup de grace. creche. crepe. debris. en arriere. en Echelon. en regie. entree. entrepot. expose. facade. faience. habitue". materiel. matinee. melee. moire. n6e. papier-machi'-. porte-cochere. portiere. proces verbal. protege. rale. regime. resume. role. role d'equipage. sefior. soiree. vis-a-vis. vise", viseed See also page 130 for names of accents, list of accented letters used in modern languages, and samples of diacritical marks. Authorities on Geographic Names. The following authorities, in the order given, govern the spelling of geographic names: Correct Orthography of Geographic Names (decisions of the United States Geo- graphic Board). United States Postal Guide. Lippincott's Gazetteer of the World. Rand, McNally & Co.'s Atlas. International Postal Guide (Dictionnaire des Bureaux de Poste). Chinese and Japanese Names. Follow copy in the use of hyphens and apostrophes. Indian Names. Follow copy in the use of spaces and hyphens in Indian proper names; also the spelling of tribal names. Plurals of Titles, Etc. The plurals of military titles are formed by adding "s" at end, as major generals, lieutenant colonels, surgeon generals, etc., but sergeants major. Civil titles usually add "s" to first part, as attorneys general, postmasters general, etc. For nouns ending in "o" following is the general rule: If there is a consonant before the final "o, " the plural is "es"; if a vowel precedes the "o, " the plural is formed by adding the "s only. There are, however, some exceptions to this rule, and they are given here, as follows: albinos. armadillos. cantos. centos. didos. duodecimos. dynamos. embryos. Eskimos. gauchos. halos. inamoratos. juntos. kimonos. mementos, merinos. mestizos. octavos. octodecimos. pianos provisos. quartos. salvos. sextodecimos. sextos. siroccos. solos. tobaccos. twos. tyros. virtuosos. zeros. Possessives and Apostrophes. Nouns in the singular, or in the plural when ending with any letter otjier than "s, " require an apostrophe and "s, " as man's, men's, child's, children's, Dennis's, Felix's, Burns's, Essex's, witness's, countess's, State's attorney, State's evidence, etc. Exceptions to the foregoing: Sergeant at Arms' room, for righteousness' sake, for conscience' sake, for goodness' sake, for Jesus' sake. In titles of books the exact form must be used, as Hinds' Precedents. Plural nouns ending in "s" require only the apostrophe, as the boys' swimming hole, the horses' trough, fingers' ends, the Charleses' reigns, the Joneses' ball, the countesses' reception, the witnesses' testimony. Do not use the possessive form in such expressions as day labor, quartermaster stores, State prison, the doctrine of State rights. Use the singular form for such expressions as printer's ink, 125 miner's inches. Use apostrophe in contracted words and figures, as don't, I've, spirit of '70. etc., and to show plurals of figures and letters, such as 7's, 4's, a's, 1's, etc. The apostrophe is carried to the end in cases like these: Masters, Mates, and Pilots' Association; Painters, Paper Hangers, and Decorators' Union. 46 STYLE MANUAL,. No apostrophe where no possession is intended, as grain exchanges act, infectious diseases act, teachers college, the Jones case, the Williams claim. No apostrophe in some firm names, as Peoples Gas Co., Traders Bank. As there is no settled practice in such cases, copy must be taken as guide, but must be made uniform if written in two ways. Copy must be guide in such conflicting forms as St. Elizabeths Hospital, St. Elizabeths, St. Peter's Church, St. Peter's, etc. The customary form is with the apostrophe. In general the apostrophe must be used, but exception is frequently made in geographic names and in cases like those men- tioned above. Terminations of Words, Etc. The following list, giving the words terminating in "ibM," will be found useful. Other words of this class terminate in "able. " abhorrible. accendible. accessible. addible. adducible. admissible. affectible. apprehensible. audible. bipartible. circumscript ible . coctible. coercible. cognoscible. cohesible. collapsible. collectible. combustible. committible. compactible. compatible. compossible. comprehensible. compressible. conducible. conduc tible. confluxible. connectible. contemptible. contractible (contractable). controvertible. conversible (conversable), convertible, con vincible, corrigible, corrodible. corrosible. corruptible, credible, cullible. decoctible. deducible. deductible, defeasible, defectible. defensible, depressible. descendible, destructible, diffusible, digestible, dirigible, discernible, discerpible. discerptible. dissectible. distensible, distractible. diver tible. divestible. divisible, docible. edible. educible. effectible. effervescible. eligible. eludible. evasible. evincible. exhaustible. exigible. expandable. expansible. expressible. extendable. extensible. fallible. feasible. fencible. flexible. fluxible. forcible. frangible. fungible. fusible. gullible. horrible. ignitible. illegible. immersible. immiscible. impartible. impassible (impassable) . impatible. impedible. imperceptible, impermissible, imperscriptible. impersuasible. implausible, impossible, imprescriptible, impressible, imputrescible. inaccessible, inadmissible, inapprehensible, inaudible. i ncircumscriptible . incoercible. incognoscible. incombustible, i ncommiscible. incompatible, i ncomprehensible. incompressible, inconcussible. incontrovertible, inconvertible, i neon vincible, incorrigible, incorrodible, incorruptible, incredible. indefeasible. indefectible. indefensible. indelible. indeprehensible. indestructible. indigestible. indiscernible. indivisible. indocible. inducible. ineffervescible. ineligible. ineludible. inevasible. inexhaustible. inexpansible. inexpressible. infallible. infeasible. inflexible. infractible. infrangible. infusible. inscriptible. insensible. instructible. insubmergible. insuppressible. insusceptible. intactible. intangible. intelligible. interconvertible. intervisible. invencible. invendible. in ven tible. inver tible. invincible. invisible. irascible. irreducible. irrefrangible. ir remissible. irreprehensible. irrepressible. irresistible. irresponsible. irreversible. legible. mandible. marcescible. miscible. negligible. nexible. omissible. ostensible. partible. passible (passable), perceptible, perfectible, permiscible. permissible, persuasible. pervertible, plausible, possible, prehensible. prescriptible. producible, productible. , protrusible. putrescible. receptible. redemptible. redressible (redressable). reducible, reflectible. reflexible. refrangible, remissible, renascible. rendible. reprehensible, resistible, responsible, reversible, revertible. risible, seducible. sensible, sponsible. suasible. subdivisible, submergible. submersible, subvertible. supersensible, suppressible. susceptible, suspensible. tangible, tensible. terrible, traducible. tranefusible. transmissible, transmittible. transversible (transversable). transver tible. tripar tible. unadmissible. unexhaustible. unexpressible. unflexible. unfusible. unresponsible. vendible. \incible. visible, vitrescible. Use of "a" and "an." Use "a" before all consonants and aspirated "h, " as a history, a human being; but do not use it before a silent "h, " as an honorable man, an honest man. Use "an" before alt vowels except long "u, " as in union, and "o, " as in one. RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION. 47 BILL STYLE. This now conforms to this STYLE MANUAL in many important particulars, such as the use of figures in dates, sums of money, numbers of articles, chapters, lines, s, sections (other than land descriptions), titles, and volumes. (For details of bill style see BiS Style Manual; see afso under " Fol.,'' etc., b'elow.j FOL., FOL. LIT., REPRINT, ETC. (See also Suprema Court records, p. 50.) Copy marked "Fol.". means to follow signs, symbols, figures, italics, abbreviations, idiomatic words and expressions, and &c. or etc., but not capitalization, punctuation, or compounds. All orthography in "fol." matter is good that has the sanction of any dictionary. Copy marked "Fol. lit." means to follow abbreviations, accents, capitalization, figures, italic, paragraphs, punctuation, signs, symbols, spelling, syntax, and com- pounding of words. Copy marked "Reprint" means that it should be followed in regard to size and style of type for text, heads, footnotes, abbreviations (but when abbreviations are used they must conform to office style), etc., whether leaded or solid, and general arrangement. Capitalization and compounds must be made to conform to office style, and manifest errors must be corrected. If the reprint is of a technical char- acter or contains exceptions to office style, and it is desired that the exceptions should be followed, the part or parts to be followed must be plainly indicated. Copv marked "Bill style" means to spell everything except "Mr.," "Mrs.," the classification of vessels as "A 1," sums of money, dates, the numbers of bills, resolu- tions, articles, chapters, lines, pages, paragraphs, parts, sections, titles, and volumes. In titles and extracts from bills follow bill style, but lower-case the word " act " whenever it is used as a synonym for "bill " or "law." Copy bearing no preparation must be set to conform to this STYLE MANUAL. ITALIC. Use italic r. in titles of cases, including contested-election cases, ae Smith v. Brown etc. (This does not apply to Supreme Court records. See also Court style, p. 50, and Specification style, p. 120.) Names of vessels and floating docks, as cruiser No. 14, light vessel No. 17, dredge A'o. 65, the Dewey, Eagle No. 14 (also airships, airplanes, and balloons), must be set in italic, except in tables and footnotes to same, indexes, and lists set in columns. In Supreme Court work italic may be used with signatures, date lines, etc., but not in text except as provided for under Court style. (See p. 50.) In cap, cap-ana-small-cap, small-cap, italic, and black-letter center or side heads, in date lines, and in text when set in any of the foregoing type, the names of vessels must be quoted. Use italic lower case v. in titles of cases in small-cap lines. The words "see," "see also," etc., must be in italic in indexes only. Set "see," "see also" in roman when they precede italic words. Scientific names of species must be in italic; also names of genera when followed by names of species; names of classes, orders, families, etc., and of genera standing alone, in roman. Italic will not be followed in general work, either for foreign words or to denote emphasis, unless specially prepared. (See also "Italic" under Congressional Record style, p. 79.) MISCELLANEOUS. Center Heads. Copy editors are reponsible for uniformity in center heads, and no changes are to be made by readers unless permission is given. Display heads to be all capitals unless otherwise indicated. If names like McAdam, McLean, etc., appear in a small-cap line, use an apos- trophe for the " c " as M'ADAM, M'LEAN, M'CALL, etc. In lower-case center and side heads capitalize only the first word and proper nouns. Use an en space between words in small-cap and two 3-em spaces in cap heads, and an em space when an extended face or spaced caps are usea, reducing space after comma. 48 STYLE MANUAL. Citations and Credits. In text, to be sentences and in parentheses when appearing at end of a sentence, except when page only is given, in which case use lower-case letter and place period outside parentheses. Credits, when centered , to be in brackets and to follow headings, but they must precede the first of a series of subheads and also a single subhead when it is part of the original extract. Note the following forms, as (18 [not 18th] Stat. L. 25; IV [not IVth] William and Mary, 40; 126 [not 126th] U. S. Repts.). If names of authorities are given, as Wall . (for Wallace) , Wheat, (for Wheaton , etc . , copy must be followed; use abbreviated form for States. Cuts, Legends to. Legend lines under cuts to be leaded in leaded matter only. Divided Words. Except in narrow measures or to secure good spacing, the division of words in con- secutive lines is to be avoided. Whenever practicable hyphened words must be divided at the compounding hyphen. Center heads containing only two lines must not have a divided word if possible to avoid it. "Et cetera," "etc.," "and so forth." In extracts set in type smaller than preceding text, where speaker reads a portion and sums up the remainder by using "etcetera," "etc.," or "and so forth." observe the following rule: If the speaker says "et cetera," or "etc.," and continues his original remarks, make it "and so forth" at beginning of following line. But if the words here given close both the extract and the speaker's remarks at the same time, use "etc.," and put it in parentheses, using an em quad between the parentheses and the close of the extract, thus: (Etc.) Ellipsis Signs. In docdiment measure, "line of stars" means seven asterisks indented 2 ems at each end of the line, dividing the remaining space evenly between the asterisks: but in case two or more sizes of type are used on a page, indent 10-point 2 ems, 8-point '2\ ems, and 6-point 3 ems; in indented matter add extra indention. In other than document measure the copy editors must indicate the number of asterisks and the indentions. Use three asterisks separated by an em quad to denote an ellipsis in text; if periods are used instead of stars, separate by an en quad. Do not overrun three stars or three periods at end of paragraph. Extracts. If beginning flush and with a lower-case letter, use an em dash at end of preced- ing line of text. The date in extracts from newspapers must begin a paragraph and run on with extract, using em dash to connect. Use caps and small caps for place name? and lower-case roman for date. Footnotes and Reference Marks. Superior figures must be used for references. Reference figures should be borne off a 3-em space in figure columns and footnotes and a 5-em space in reading columns of tables and in text. Superior letters must be used to indicate references in work containing formulas in which exponents appear. All footnotes for text, leader work, or tables must be paragraphs and set in 6-point for text type not greater than 10-point, leaded to leaded text; otherwise solid. The maker-up and page reviser, however, should see that short notes are run in to save space, with not less than 2 ems between notes in the same line. Footnotes to briefs set in 12-point must be set in 8-point single-leaded. Use two leads above and below the rule preceding a footnote and to separate a foot- note from tabular matter. Footnotes remain with tables in make-up. (See also Footnotes and references, p. 35.) RULES AXD STYLE OF COMPOSITION. 49 Indentions. In matter wider than document the indentions will be 2 ems; this applies to hanging indentions, signatures, date lines, etc. Extracts in smaller type must have the same indention, in points, as the text. Overruns are generally 1 em more than the indention of the item; but to prevent conflict with a following indention, the overrun must be 1 em more than that of the line following. The usual indention of a total line is 3 ems; but if the indention of the line pre- ceding interferes, indent total an em more than preceding line. All total lines on same page must have the same indention, if possible. Indexes. Names of vessels in roman. In indexes, if leaders are used and the page folios overrun, retain only the first folio number in the leader line; but if necessary to save an overrun, figures may be run back within an em leader of the text. If the overrun folios make two or more lines, indent evenly not less than 7 ems on the left in full measure and 3^ ems in half measure (but if there are clearances, indent folios 2 ems more than the matter above or below), the folios in excess of even- length lines to be worked into the leader line. If the figures extend back into the leader line, use an en quad between the leaders and the first figure. Indexes to transcripts of records and Court of Claims cases and briefs are set in 8-point, leaded, with 5-em dash each side. (See Court style, p. 50.) Leads and Slugs. If extracts, etc., are set in smaller type, separate by using two leads in solid matter and three leads in leaded matter. If, however, solid extracts appear in leaded matter, use two leads only. Before signatures and under date lines in leaded matter use one lead only. Use full slug before and after centered heads if matter preceding or following does not clear. If slugs are required, use a slug of same body as type. Preambles, Resolutions, Etc. Except in bill work proper, each "Whereas" in a preamble must 'begin a new paragraph (indented). The "Therefore be it" must be preceded by a colon and be run in with the last "Whereas." "Be it" must run in with the word "Therefore," but must not be supplied if not in copy. Note the following: Whereas it has been deemed advisable to, etc.: Therefore be it Resolved, That the committee, etc. References. If letters are used for references in explaining diagrams, figures, etc., use italic for lower-case references and roman for caps, not quoted: The bolt a; a pinion, B; angle ab; line CD; points a, b, c. Shapes, Forms, Etc. In illustrating shapes or forms, as V-shaped, T rails, etc., use small caps of case 366 in 10-point, case 365 in 8-point, and case 364 in 6-point; but for the expression I beam use cap of case 14 in 10-point, case 13 in 8-point, and case 12 in 6-point. Use a roman cap letter for X rays. Plural form of T or Y shape, tees or wyes, as 10 tees, 12 wyes. Side and Cut-in Notes. Make paragraphs unless otherwise instructed; that is, first line indented 1 em and the others flush. Allow 12 ems of 6-point for cut-in notes unless otherwise instructed ; bear off at least an em from the body of the note above and below and an em space on the inside. Commence cut-in on third line of paragraph, if paragraph is of sufficient depth. Space words as in tabular work. (See p. 36.) Spacing. The spacing of matter should be governed by the leading. Solid matter should be spaced with 3-em spaces, and words run up rather than divided. Leaded matter also should be spaced with 3-em spaces, and words divided rather than syllables car- ried up. In double-leaded matter en quads should be used and divisions avoided if possible. 50 STYLE MANUAL. Avoid if possible very thin or very wide spacing in the first line of a paragraph. In bills classification of vessels is shown as A 1. If letters and figures are used together they may be either closed up or separated by an en dash, but all in a series should be made uniform. Do not close up figures with Roman numerals nor either of these with the letters "0" or "I". Examples- Al, 2A, C-l, 1-B, A-IV, 2-O, 3-1. Always keep together at the beginning or end of a line such abbreviations as U. S . N . , D. C., N. Y., M. D., etc. The contractions Esq., sr., and jr. should always be in the same line as the name they follow. In tables of contents, etc., if the word "chapter." "figure," or "plate" is used in the first line before numerals in column ("chapter," etc., being cleared in following lines), put an en space between the word and numeral in the first line and range the periods after the numerals. Enacting and resolving clauses: In document measure space the first line so as to conform to the following examples: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America Temporary Decisions. Copy editors and referees are sometimes called upon for decisions that affect the general style. These decisions are necessary in given cases, but it must be under- stood that they cover only the specific case and that the STYLE MANUAL must be adhered to generally. COURT STYLE. (See also Fol., fol. lit., reprint, italic, etc., p. 47.) Supreme Court Records. Make paragraphs of answers in Q. and A. matter. The ijolio number should be flush, in the same line as the first word of the folio; and in a cut-in 3 ems square, except where there is white space above or below, indentions of paragraphs, etc., to be in addition to the 3-em cut-in. In hanging indention of headings carry extra indention to end of heading. Omit cut-in folio opposite paragraph reading: "Indorsement on cover." Follow copy literally, excepting capitalization, punctuation, and italic (which stands for errors only). In typewritten records manifest errors of the typewriter are to be corrected, such, for instance, as where a letter has been struck over another or where a space in a word shows that a letter was intended to appear but was not struck hard enough to leave an impression; but if a good word is used in the wrong place, as "in" for "on" or "boot" for "boat," etc., do not change it or use italic. Words having the sanction of any dictionary are not to be changed. Use italic letters to indicate errors in orthography for instance, ourely, meaning surely except in names of persons, firms, geographic names, and words from foreign languages, when not law terms. Do not correct errors in syntax. Errors in words set in italics should be indicated by roman letters. Doublets should be indicated by italicizing the repeated portion. Italic may be used in titles after signatures, in date lines, etc., but not in text except as shown above. Names of vessels to be set in roman, quoted. Titles of cases to be roman including the "v." for versus. Use apostrophe to indicate the omission of one or more letters in a word; but in well-established abbreviations omit apostrophe and use period. Use a 3-em quad to indicate the omission of one or more words. Capitalize the word "The " only in such cases as the following: The said The B. & O. R. R. Co. ; The Sun v. The Globe; The City of Washington v. The B. & O. R. R. Co. ; the defendant The Da vies County Bank. All Printing Office marks must be erased before returning the copy. Therefore copy editors will make necessary marks only, marking lightly with a soft pencil. Do not mark cut-in folios nor carry jacket number on each folio, but put all instruc- tions on editor's sheet. Pick-up the original folio numbers on copy. Any matter preceding or following original folios to be marked, in pencil, with a jacket number followed by "a," "b," "c,"etc., to end, as J 12345a, J 12345b, etc. On instruction sheet editors will write "11-point; cut-in folios," etc. RULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION. 51 Court Briefs,. Court of Claims Opinions, Exhibits, and Decisions. Follow copy generally in the use of abbreviations, figures, and other important matters. The following directions and examples must, however, be observed: Single punctuation in citations in all cases except "fol. lit." Follow office style in testimony in Court of Claims briefs. Indian names should be followed as to spelling and the use of hyphen or space. Do not use superior letters in abbreviations of words unless so indicated by copy editor. Reports and orders of the Interstate Commerce 'Commission are to be treated as court work. Copy must be followed in the spelling of place names, corporation and firm titles, the punctuation of citations, and other important matters. Follow copy in the use of singular or plural possessive referring to the United States as claimant or claimants, defendant or defendants, etc. Example: Claimant's brief (or claimants' brief); appellee's (or appellees') exhibits were placed on file. But if conflicting forms are used in copy, make them uniform, either singular or plural. Spell out the words "Question" and "Answer" and make separate paragraphs. If questions are numbered, the number should precede the question, as " 30. Question." (See p. 44.) In titles of cases, capitalize the first word and the principal words, but lower-case terms like "defendants," "appellees," etc. The following examples show capitalization, italic, small caps, abbreviations, etc., generally used in court work: The Ijegal Tender cases. In Clarke's case the court says. In the case of Clarke. In Ex parte 74 the court said. In the Fifteen Per Cent Rate Increase case the court decided. In the case of Jones against Robinson. (A general or casual reference to a case.) In Jones v. Robinson (122 U. S. 329). (A specific citation of a case.) (Ex parte Robinson, 19 Wall. 304.) (Ex partfi 74, 58 I. C. C. 220.) Bowman Act (22 Stat. L. ch. 4, [or sec.] Act 5th August, 1882 (Supp. Rev. Stat. '< Clarke's case (14 Hun, 14). WALLACE, J., delivered the opinion. (31 Stat. 154.) Follow Rev. Stat., Stats., Stat. L., Stats. L., or R. S., as written. In Roe v. Doe the court ruled. United States v. 12 Diamond Rings. The United States v. Forty Hogsheads of Tobacco. In titles of cases follow copy as to figures and abbreviations. Make sentences of single citations appearing at conclusion of sentences or para- graphs, except p. or pp., which should be close up and period outside of parentheses. When citations follow clauses, the final citation, if appearing at the end of the sen- tence, will necessarily be closed up. In citations of single lines, use period at end of each line. When citations are run in, use semicolons. Observe style of the following: The said paper was marked "Defendant's Exhibit No. 4." The defendant's Exhibit No. 4 was thereupon placed on file. (See also Punctuation, p. 42.) Footnotes to briefs set in 12- point should be set in 8-point, single leaded. Following are some of the names and abbreviations used by United States Supreme Court reporters in citations of United States Supreme Court Reports: 4, p. 50). 84; Stat. L. 28; R. S. 15). Cranch (abbreviated Cr.). Dallas (abbreviated Ball, or Dal.). Howard (abbreviated How.). Peters (abbreviated Pet.). United States Reports (abbreviated U. S.). Wheaton (abbreviated Wheat.). In all court work follow the capitalization shown in the following examples: Circuit Court. Circuit Court for the Southern District. Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York, etc. County Court. Court of Appeals. Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia, etc. Court of Claims. Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims. Court of Private Land Claims. District Court. John Smith, United States marshal for the North- ern District. Southern District. Sixth Circuit. Superior Court. Supreme Bench. Supreme Court. Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, etc. 52 STYLE MANUAL. COURT OF CLAIMS HEADINGS. [For records.] Court of Claims of the United States. CONGRESSIONAL, No. 13331. GEORGE F. SCHILD v. THE UNITED STATES. EVIDENCE FOR DEFENDANT. INDEX. [Set index in 8-point leaded.] [For briefs.] FRENCH SPOLIATIONS, Nos. 3037 AND 3038. SHIP "BRISTOL," EDWARD SMITH, MASTER. DEFENDANT'S BRIEF. [Title of case.] THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, COM-^| * plainant, I November sessions. 1921. v. [ No. 87. In Equity. ERIE RAILROAD COMPANY, DEFENDANT. J EULES AND STYLE OF COMPOSITION. 53 SUPREME COURT HEADINGS. [Supreme Court Transcript of Record.] SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. OCTOBER TEEM, 1921. No. 439. JAMES C. DAVIS, DIRECTOR GENERAL OF RAILROADS, AND AGENT UNDER SECTION 206 OF TRANSPORTA- TION ACT OF 1920, PETITIONER, vs. MRS. MAUDE E. GREEN, ADMINISTRATRIX OF THE ESTATE OF JESSE GREEN, DECEASED. OX PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI. INDEX. [Set index in 8-point leaded.] [For briefs (caption).] Jn tfav$ttw (Sfourt uf tk Uni OCTOBER TERM, 1921. THE DELAWARE, LACKA WANNA & WEST-" ern Railroad Company, plaintiff in error, v. THE UNITED STATES. . 677 IX ERROR TO THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK. BRIEF FOR DEFENDANT. 1 Sometimes this is a case 2 line. NOMINATIONS, REPORTS, DOCUMENTS, AND LAWS. GENERAL RULES FOR NOMINATIONS. The rules governing document work apply to nominations and withdrawals, except as here noted. Matter to be set in 10-point, double leaded. All nominations take current date, and the legislative day must be added if necessary. (Sample of each form shown on following pages.) In withdrawals follow the date on copy *and also the wording of the date line. Spell everything except year, day of month, section, page, paragraph numbers, and district numbers (as collection district No. 17). The words "I nominate " are omitted in all nominations. No matter how or where written in copy they are to be left out. In single nominations (that is, where only one person is named) where the words "I nominate " begin a paragraph in copy, indent the paragraph 6 ems. This applies to Army and Navy as well as civilian nominations. (See sample 1, p. 55.) In Army and Navy nominations where only lists of names are given, set flush in half measure where there are four or more in a group. If less than four, set each name as a paragraph, full measure. (See sample 2, p. 55.) Where civilian nominations have more than one person named, each name is to be set as a separate nomination, following the form of postmasters that is, each separate carries the same nomination number, with the black superior figure, and is set as a plain paragraph. Indent these 1 em only. (See sample 3, p. 56.) If nomination contains an explanatory note, inclose note in parentheses and set just before the blank date line at bottom. Note that the word "confirmed" is set in italic in the recommendation line. "Reinstatement," "Reappointment," or similar statement, if a sentence at the end of a nomination, will be placed in parentheses. (See sample 3, p. 56.) The President's signature indicates the end of a nomination, but is printed only in " Withdrawal " (see sample 5, p. 58) or in a withdrawal and nomination combined. Capitalize the word "Arm" when synonymous with "Corps," as Cavalry Arm, Infantry Arm, etc. In post-office nominations, if superior figures are used in connection with the bracketed figure at the left, bear off a 5-em space outside of the bracket. Use black superior figure. (See sample 3, p. 56.) Style of "messages" and Executive Journal "extracts" is shown in samples 6 and 7, on pages 58 and 60, respectively. Note the use of the "I nominate" paragraphs in the "messages." 54 NOMINATIONS, REPORTS, DOCUMENTS, AND LAWS. 55 SAMPLE 1. 379] NOMINATION REFERENCE AND REPORT. [20 points.] Ix EXECUTIVE SESSION, SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, July 26, 1921. Ordered, That the following nomination be referred to the Com- mittee on the Judiciary : [20 points.] [indent 6i ems.] Louis H. Burns, junior, of Louisiana, to be United States attorney, eastern district of Louisiana, vice Henry Mooney, resigned. [30 points.] , 1921. [20 points.] Reported by Mr. with the [20 points.) recommendation that the nomination be confirmed. SAMPLE 2. 422] NOMINATION REFERENCE AND REPORT. IN EXECUTIVE SESSION, SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, August 10, 1921. Ordered, That the following nominations be referred to the Com- mittee on Naval Affairs : The following-named captains to be rear admirals in the Navy from the 3d day of June, 1921 : Archibald H. Scales. Nathan C. Twining. Commander David E. Theleen to be a captain in the Navy from the 1st day of January, 1921. 56 STYLE MAXUAL. The following-named commanders to be captains in the Navy from the 3d day of June, 1921 : Andrew T. Graham, Arthur St. Clair Smith, and William C. Asserson, Clark H. Woodward. [30 points.l , 1921. [20 points.] Reported by Mr. with the [20 points.] recommendation that the nomination be confirmed. [Follow copy in the use of word "and" between names. Put period after each name paragraph or half measure if word "and" is not used in copy.] SAMPLE 3. 481] ! NOMINATION REFERENCE AND REPORT. IN EXECUTIVE SESSION, SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, July 28 (legislative day, July 27), 1921. Ordered, That the following nomination be referred to the Com- mittee on Post Offices and Post Roads : Flora A. Hastings to be postmaster at Coachella, California. (Reappointment.) [30 points.] , 1921. [20 points.] Reported by Mr. with the [20 points.] recommendation that the nomination be confirmed. NOMINATIONS, REPORTS, DOCUMENTS, AND LAWS. 57 SAMPLE 4. [Center heads to be in italic except when followed by a subhead, in which case the first is set in small caps, followed by subhead in italic, as below.] 489] NOMINATION REFERENCE AND REPORT. Ix EXECUTIVE SESSION, SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, July 28 (legislative day, July 27), 1921. Ordered, That the following nominations be referred to the Com- mittee on Military Affairs: Under the provisions of an act of Congress approved June 4, 1920, the officers herein named for promotion in the Regular Army of the United States: 1 MEDICAL CORPS. To be captain. First Lieutenant Leland Elder Dashiell. Medical Corps, from July 4, 1921. VETERINARY CORPS. To be first lieutenants. Second Lieutenant Harry Lawrence Watson, Veterinary Corps, from July 18, 1921. Second Lieutenant Samuel Weir Clark, Veterinary Corps, from July 23, 1921. [30 points.] , 1921. [20 points.] Reported by Mr. with the [20 points.] recommendation that the nominations be confirmed. 1 This paragraph to be used only when in copy 64061 22 5 58 STYLE MANUAL. SAMPLE 5. WITHDRAWAL, The following message from the President withdrawing nomination was ordered to lie on the table: 436] THE WHITE HOUSE, August 15, 1921. To the Senate of the United States: I withdraw the nomination of the following-named officer, which was submitted to the Senate on August 9, 1921: Ordnance Department. Captain Arthur Grant Mack, Cavalry, with rank from October 19, 1921. WARREN G. HARDING. [If copy for this form shows reference to a committee, leave off the reference. If there is more than one withdrawal, make case 14 line and following paragraph read in the plural. The case 14 line and the paragraph go at beginning of first withdrawal only.] SAMPLE 6. MESSAGES. 1 [Observe the forms of "I nominate."] The "messages" are made up from the "Nomination reference and report'' forms, and carry no display heading. A 3-inch "sink" is put at top of first page. 414] THE WHITE HOUSE, August 10, 19,11. To the Senate of the United States: I nominate Robert W. McCuen, of Vergennes, Vermont, to be collector of internal revenue for the district of Vermont in place of James E. Kennedy. WARREN G. HARDING. To the Committee on Finance. 418] THE WHITE HOUSE, August 10, 1921. To ike Senate of the United States: Under the provisions of an act of Congress approved June 4, 1920, I nominate the officers herein named for promotion in the Regular Army of the United States: i This heading does not appear in the completed print. NOMINATIONS, REPORTS, DOCUMENTS, AND LAWS. 59 MEDICAL CORPS. To be captains. First Lieutenant Lewis Bradley Bibb, Medical Corps, from August 2, 1921. First Lieutenant Charles William Henderson, Medical Corps, from August 2, 1921. WARREN G. HARDIXG. To the Committee on Military Affairs. 422] THE WHITE HOUSE, August 10, 1921. To the Senate of the United States: I nominate The following-named captains to be rear admirals in the Navy from the 3d day of June, 1921 : Archibald H. Scales. Nathan C. Twining. The following-named lieutenants to be lieutenant commanders in the Navy from the 1st day of January, 1921 : Fred T. Berry, John H. Everson, and John C. Jennings, Robert E. Rogers. WARREN G. HARDING. To the Committee on Naval Affairs. [ Follow copy in the use of word "and" between names.] 417] THE WHITE HOUSE, August 10, 1921. To the Senate of the United States: I nominate the following-named persons to be postmasters: Harry H. Hiener to be postmaster at Superior, Arizona, in place of R. T. Jones. Incumbent 's commission expired March 16, 1921. John C. Neblett to be postmaster at Elsinore, California, in place of Charles Collins, resigned. WARREN G. HARDING. To the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. 60 STYLE MANUAL. SAMPLE 7. EXECUTIVE JOURNAL EXTRACTS. 1 IN THE NAVY. Chaplain, with rank of lieutenant (junior grade) : Francis L. Albert. James M. Hester. Thomas J. Burke. Periy L. Mitchell. Edgar W. Davis. Walter L. Thompson Joseph B. Earnest, jr. Razzie W. Truitt. SAMPLE 8. [Calendar is set in 8 point, em space between items, except where overs appear, and carries display heading.] CONFIDENTIAL. EXECUTIVE CALENDAR. [For the next executive session after Aug. 15, 1921.] x NOMINATIONS. Date of report. Calendar i Message No. No. Name of nominee. Office. - Predecessor. 1921. Aug. 15 618 619 631 632 633 641 042 643 653 653 653 387-1 391-1 398-1 398-2 398-;; 377-14 382-3 382-4 413 413 413 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. Homer L. Ross, of Hon- olulu, Hawaii. Thomas M. Reed, of Nome, Alaska. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE. Francis A. Carmelia Lionel E. Hooper Ernest W. Scott . Circuit judge, fourth circuit, Territory of Hawaii. United States district judge, first division, District of Alaska. Surgeon Clement K. Quinn, term expired. Robert W. Jennings, term expired. C. M. Davis, resigned. do do POSTMASTERS. ILLINOIS. Carl M. Crowder Bethany Warren S. Bunker Paul W. Gibson IN THE NAVY. Aclpfar A. Marsteller Thomas L. Carter. Loyd Lewis Edmisten... Equality Louisville H. L. B. Mason, de- ceased. A. J. Ikemire, deceased. Passed assistant sur- geon. ... do Assistant surgeon i This healing does not appear in the completed print. NOMINATIONS, REPORTS, DOCT'M.KNTS, AND LAWS. 61 REPORTS, DOCUMENTS, AND LAWS. fin either Senate or House reports follow bill style in titles of or extracts from bills. "Bill style" does not include capitalization. Follow copy in reports on pension bills in regard to vision, as "vision was impaired 20/400," etc.] [30 points.] 67TH CONGRESS,) HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.] KEPT. 1420, 1st Session. ) [One2-point lead above parallel rule.] 1 Part 2. [50 points.] NATIONAL BUDGET SYSTEM. 1 [18 points.] [8 points.] MARCH 25, 1921. Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union and ordered to be printed. 2 [6 points.] [18 points.! Mr. GOOD, from the Select Committee on the Budget, submitted the following [14 points.] REPORT. [10 points.] [To accompany H. R. 30:] [14 points.] The Select Committee on the Budget, to which was referred H. R. 30, report it to the House with a favorable recommendation and sub- mit the following in explanation thereof: The Budget bill agreed upon by the Senate and House of Repre- sentatives in the Sixty-sixth Congress was vetoed by the President, who objected to the section of the bill which provided that the, etc. The following, given by one of the witnesses who appeared before the committee, most nearly meets the situation that now confronts the National Government. He states: The National Budget is the instrument through which the several financial opera- tions of the Government are correlated, compared one with the other, and brought under examination at one and the same time. It should be, etc. It was brought out that the American system under which execu- tive proposals are subjected to detailed and painstaking scrutiny by the legislative branch offers advantages which are not present under the British system. The bill thus leaves intact present conditions in respect to the location and exercise of powers by the two branches of the Government but, it is believed, provides the means for the more efficient exercise of these powers. 1 If title makes more than two lines in 10-point caps, set in 8-point caps; should the title be amended, make the heading correspond to the amended form. 2 Must be set as indicated in copy. If illustrations accompany copy and are not ordered to be printed, do not add " with illustrations." Return copy to foreman of printing. 62 STYLE MANUAL. Private Calendar No, 63, ' 6TTH CONGRESS,) HOUSE OF BEPKESENTATIYES. ( REPORT 1st Session. ) ( No. 15. PENSIONS AND INCREASE OF PENSIONS FOR CERTAIN SOLDIERS AND SAILORS OF THE REGULAR ARMY AND NAVY, ETC. APRIL 26, 1921. Committed to the Committee of the Whole House and ordered to be printed. Mr. KNUTSON, from the Committee on Pensions, submitted the following REPORT. [To accompany H. R. 5214.] The Committee on Pensions, to whom was referred sundry bills granting pensions and increase of pensions for certain soldiers and sailors of the Regular Army and Navy, etc., submit the following report : This bill is a substitute for the following House bills referred to said committee: H. R. 400. Hattie Hjelmberg. 416. Julia M. Porter. 424. Annie M. Sullivan. H. R. 1031. Fletcher Duling. 1078. William D. Wheaton. 1098. Elmer H. Weddle. H. R. 416. Julia M. Porter, Auburn, N. H., widow of Clinton A. Porter, who served during the war with Spain in Company F, First New Hampshire Infantry, from June 28 to October 31, 1898. (W. Ctf. 868508.) A physician testifies as follows : I have this day examined Julia M. Porter, aged 38 years, of Auburn, N. H., widow of Clinton A. Porter, private, Company F, First Regiment New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry. He had previously been approved for disease of eyes 4/18, etc. It is believed that an increase of pension to $20 per month is warranted, and it is so recommended. 1 Use this type and form only on House reports. The names of the House calendars are "Private," "House," and "Union." NOMINATIONS, REPORTS, DOCUMENTS, AND LAWS. 63 67TH CONGRESS, ) HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. (DOCUMENT 1st Session. f ( No. 93. BUFFALO BAYOU, TEX. LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY OF WAR, TRANSMITTING A LETTER FROM THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, SUBMITTING RE- PORTS ON PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION AND SURVEY OF BUFFALO BAYOU, TEX. ), 1921. Referred to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors and ordered to be printed. WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, June 8, 1921. The SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. MY DEAR MR. SPEAKER: I have the honor to transmit herewith a letter from the Chief of Engineers. United States Army, of, etc. Sincerely yours, JOHN W. WEEKS, Secretary of War. WAR DEPARTMENT, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. Washington, June 7, 1921. From : The Chief of Engineers, United States Army. To : The Secretary of War. Subject: Preliminary examination and survey of Buffalo Bayou, Tex. 1. There are submitted herewith, for transmission to Congress, reports dated March 15, 1920, and January 31, 1921, by, etc. LANSING H. BEACH, Major General. 64 STYLE MANUAL. REPORT OF THE BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS. SYLLABUS. The improvement contemplated involves channel enlargement and extensive eas- ing of bends. The Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors deems the cost of the latter excessive and recommends a channel 10 feet deep and 60 feet wide, without easing the bends, at an estimated cost of $88,000, and that such bends as prove obstructive be subsequently eased as a matter of maintenance. [Third indorsement,.] BOARD or ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS. April 26, 1911. To the CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES ARMY: 1. The following is in review of the district engineer's reports authorized by the rivers and harbors act of July 27, 1916, on prelimi- nary examination, etc. NOMINATIONS, EEPORTS, DOCUMENTS, AND LAWS. 65 Calendar No. 26. 67TH CONGRESS, ) SEXATE. j EEPORT . J ( No. 27. RELIEF OF HEIRS OF AGNES INGELS, DECEASED. MAY 2 (calendar day, MAY 3), 1921. Ordered to be printed. Mr. ROBINSON, from the Committee on Claims, submitted the following REPORT. 2 [To accompany 8. 1300.] The Committee on Claims, to whom was referred the bill (S. 1300) for the relief of the heirs of Agnes Ingels, deceased, having con- sidered the same, report favorably thereon with the recommendation that the bill do pass with the following amendment: In line 7, strike out the figures " $10, 000" and insert in lieu thereof the figures "$5,000." The facts in the case are fully set forth in Senate Report No. 715, Sixty-sixth Congress, third session, which is appended hereto and made a part of this report. [Senate Report No. 715, Sixty-sixth Congress, third session.] The Committee on Claims, to whom was referred the bill (S. 4692) for the relief of the heirs of Agnes Ingels, deceased, having considered the same, report favorably thereon with the recommendation that the bill do pa&s with an amendment. On line 7, page 1, strike out "$25,000" and insert in lieu thereof ''$5,000." As amended, your committee recommend that the bill do pass. 1 Use this type and form only on Senate reports. There is only one calendar in the Senate. * Should this line read "Adverse report," do not space the words. 66 STYLE MANUAL. 67TH CONGRESS, ) SENATE. j DOCUMENT 1st Session, j ( No. 2. [50 points.] WILLIAM W. DANENHOWER. [14 points.] [16 points.] LETTER FROM THE ASSISTANT CLERK OF THE COURT OF CLAIMS, TRANSMITTING A COPY OF THE FINDINGS OF THE COURT IN THE CASE OF WILLIAM W. DANENHOWER AGAINST THE UNITED STATES. [14 points.] [8 points.] APRIL 13, 1921. Referred to the Committee on Claims and ordered to be printed. 1 [6 points.] [14 points.] COURT OF CLAIMS, CLERK'S OFFICE, Washington, April 11, 1921. The PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE. SIR: Pursuant to the order of the court, I transmit herewith a certified copy of the findings of fact and conclusion filed by, etc. I am, very respectfully, yours, F. C. KLEINSCHMIDT, Assistant Clerk Court of Claims. [Court of Claims of the United States. No. 17319, Congressional. William W. Danenhower v. The United States.] STATEMENT. This is a claim for damages to business property belonging to claimant arising out of the changes in the grades of certain avenues in Washington City, D. C., and the relocation of its tracks by a railroad company under an act of Congress. The bill reads: " That the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized and directed to pay to, etc., in pursuance to the act of Congress approved February 12. 1901 (31 Statutes at Large, page 774), and acts supplemental thereto." FINDINGS OF FACT. . I. The actual damages caused by depreciation in value of claimant's property in the fall of 1903, due to changes in the grades of New Jersey and Virginia Avenues, "etc. ' CONCLUSION. The court, as a conclusion, states that the foregoing findings of fact show the nature and character of the demand. Whether the same shall be paid rests in the discretion of Congress. BY THE COURT. Filed March 28, 1921. A true copy: Test this April 11, 1921. [SEAL.] F. C. KLEINSCHMIDT, Assistant Clerk Court of Claims. 1 Must be set as written. If illustrations accompany copy, and are not ordered to be printed, do not add "with illustrations." Return copy to foreman of printing. DOMINATIONS, REPORTS, DOCUMENTS, AND LAWS. 67 [Court of Claims. French spoliations. Act of Jan. 20, 1885; 23 Stat. L. 283. Ship Glasgow. M. Alcorn, master.] No. of case. Claimant. 1806. Horace E. Hayden, administrator de bonis non of the estate of David H. Conyngham, surviving partner of the firm of Conyngham, etc. On May 29, 1908, the United States Senate, by resolution, referred to the court under the act of March 3, 1887, a bill in the following words: "[S. 2951, Sixtieth Congress, second session.] "A BILL For the relief of the State of Oregon. " Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled. That the sum," etc. Thereafter the claim was presented to the Fiftieth and subsequent Congresses and was transmitted to the court by resolution of the United States Senate, etc. BY THE COURT. 68 STYLE MANUAL. GTTH CONGRESS,) HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. ( REPORT 1st Session, f (No. Mis. VETERANS' BUREAU. AUGUST 1, 1921. Ordered to be printed. Mr. WINSLOW, from the committee of conference, submitted the fol- lowing CONFERENCE REPORT. 1 [To accompany H. R. 6611.] The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 6611), etc. That the Senate recede from its amendments numbered 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 22, 23, 26, 28, 38, 46, 53, 54, 56, 57, 59, 61, and 62. That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendments of the Senate numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 20, 21, 24, and 25, and agree to the same. [Two leads.] Amendment numbered 19: [One lead.] That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 19, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows : In lieu of the matter inserted by said amendment insert the follow- ing : pending Jinal action by the director in case of an appeal and a comma; and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 33 : That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 33, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows : In lieu of the matter stricken out by said amendment insert the following : In the event Government hospital facilities and other facilities are not thus available or are not sufficient, the director may contract with State, municipal, or private hospitals for such medical, surgical, and hospital services and supplies as may be required, and such contracts may be made for a period of not exceeding Jive years and may be for the use of a ward or other hospital unit or on such other basis as may be in the best interest of the beneficiaries under this act. And the Senate agree to the same. i See also p. 96 for style of conference report in Congressional Record, and p. 70 for style of conference report printed as a Senate document. NOMINATIONS, REPORTS, DOCUMENTS, AND LAWS. 69 That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Senate to the title of the bill and agree to the same. SAMUEL E. WINSLOW, JAMES S. PARKER, BURTON E. SWEET, ALBEN W. BARKLEY, SAM RAYBURN, Managers on the part of the House. REED SMOOT, WILLIAM M. CALDER, DAVID I. WALSH, Managers on the part of the Senate. STATEMENT OF THE MANAGERS ON THE PART OF THE HOUSE. 1 The managers on the part. of the House at the conference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendments of, etc. Amendment No. 1: This amendment strikes out the words "in the Treasury Department" and inserts the words "an independent"; and the House recedes. X<>. S3: This amendment adds a new section to the bill, and will appear as section 22 of this bill. In the war risk insurance act it will be a new section added to Article III to be known as section 315, and to read as follows: SEC. 315. That no person admitted into the military or naval forces of the United States after six months from the passage of this amendatory act shall be entitled to the compensation or any other benefits or privileges provided under the provisions of Article III of the war risk insurance act, as amended. The House recedes, with an amendment. The House recedes from its disagreement to the amendment of the Senate to the title of the bill, and agrees to the same. This, etc. SAMUEL E. WINSLOW, JAMES S. PARKER, BURTON E. SWEET, ALBEN W. BARKLEY, SAM RAYBURN, Managers on the part of the House. 1 Statement of managers begins new page. 70 STYLE MANUAL. [Conference reports in Senate are printed as Senate documents. Note the following form:| 6TTH CONGRESS,) SENATE. (DocuME? 1st Session. } \ No. 59. MEAT-PACKING INDUSTRY. Mr. KENYON submitted the following CONFERENCE REPORT ON THE BILL (H. R. 6320) TO REGULATE INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE IN LIVE STOCK, LIVE- STOCK PRODUCTS, DAIRY PRODUCTS, POULTRY PRODUCTS, AND EGGS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. JULY 27 (calendar day, AUGUST 2), 1921. Ordered to be printed. The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 6320), etc. That the Senate recede from its amendments numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, and 20. That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendments of the Senate numbered 15, 16, and 17, and agree to the same. Amendment numbered 6: That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 6, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows : In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by the Senate amend- ment insert buying or selling on a commission basis or otherwise and a comma; and the Senate agree to the same. WM. S. KEXYOX, JOHX B. KEXDRICK. Managers on the part of the S(n.ss three, one of class tivo, two of class one; one, $1,000; assistant messenger; in all, $7,120. And the Senate agree to the same. CALL OF THE HOUSE. Mr. Garrett of Tennessee made the point of order that a quorum was not present. A quorum not being present, On motion of Mr. Campbell of Kansas, a call of the House was ordered. The doors were closed. SENATE AND HOUSE JOURNAL STYLE. Ill The roll was called, When the following-named Members failed to answer [Roll No. 8.] Anderson Funk Layton Rouse Anthony Gahn Lazaro Rucker Arentz Gallivan Lee, Ga. K'.van Thereupon the Speaker announced that 226 Members had answered to their names, a quorum. On motion of Mr. Mondell, further proceedings under the call were dispensetl with. The doors were reopened. YEA-AND-NAY VOTE. The question being put, Will the House agree to the resolution? It was decided in the negative, " " 165 The yeas and nays being demanded and ordered by one-fifth of the Members p re sent, [Roll No. 9.] Those voting in the affirmative Anderson Almon Smithwick Winslow Those voting in the negative Benham Carter Dyer Elston So the resolution was not agreed to. AUTOMATIC ROLL CALL. The question being put. Will the House pass the joint resolution? On a division there appeared yeas 102, nays 47. Whereupon Mr. Walsh made objection that a quorum was not present and not voting. A (/riorum not being present, The roll was called under clause 4, Rule XV, [Yeas _____________ ____________________________ _ 177 When there appeared, | Nays ____________________________________________ 84 I Answering present-- __________ 2 [Roll No. 10.] Those voting in the affirmative Anderson Funk Layton Rouse Those voting in the negative Arentz Gallivan Lee, Ga. Ryan Answering present Herrick Smithwick So the joint resolution was passed. Whereupon, on motion of Mr. Volstead, the House resolved itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for the consideration of the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 7294) supplemental to the national prohibition act ; and after some time spent therein, The Speaker resumed the chair, When Mr. Longworth, Chairman, reported that the committee, having had under consideration the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 7294) sup- plemental to the national prohibition act, had directed him to report that the committee recommended that certain Senate amendments be concurred in, that certain other Senate amendments be concurred in with amendments, and cer- tain other Senate amendments be disagreed to. Mr. Cockran, stating that he rose to a question of privilege of the House, submitted a resolution. The resolution was read as follows : W T hereas the Constitution of the United States, which empowers the President to address recommendations respecting, etc. : Now, therefore, be it Resolved, That such exclusion of this House from the right conferred upon it by the Constitution to share in all communications which the President may address to Congress respecting, etc. 112 STYLE MANUAL. Mr. Anderson demanded a separate vote on the following motion : Concur in Senate amendment No. 15 Provided further, That no vinous liquor shall be imported into the United States unless it is made to appear to the commissioner that vinous liquor for such nonbeverage use produced in the United States is not sufficient to meet such nonbeverage needs with the following amendment : In lieu of the matter proposed in said Senate amendment insert: Provided, That no vinous liquor shall be imported into the United States unless it is made to appear to the commissioner, etc. ADJOURNMENT UNTIL MONDAY. On motion of Mr. Mondell, by unanimous consent, Ordered, That when the House adjourns to-day, it adjourn to meet on Mon- day next. And then, ADJOURNMENT. On motion of Mr. Mondell, at 5 o'clock and 58 minutes p. m., the House adjourned. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, Mr Sinnott: Committee on the Public Lands. H. R. 9633. A bill to extend the provisions of section 2305, Revised Statutes, and of the act of September 29, 1919, to those discharged from the military or naval service of the United States and sub- sequently awarded compensation or treated for wounds received or disability incurred in line of duty; without amendment (Kept. No. 577). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. Mr. Burtness: Committee on the Public Lands. S. 2468. An act providing for the sale and disposal of public lands within the area heretofore surveye Lake, State of Wisconsin; without amendment (Kept. No. 579). Refe r > Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. Mr. Jones of Pennsylvania: Committee on Interstate and Foreign H. R. 9931. A bill to extend the time for completing the construction 01 a bridge across the Delaware River; without amendment (Rept. No. 571). Referred to the House Calendar. Mr. Barbour: Committee on the Public Lands. H. R. 7452. A bill to add certain lands to the Sequoia National Park, Calif., and to change the name of said park to the Roosevelt- Sequoia National Park; with amendments (Rept. No. 583). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. [Use above form also when only one report is submitted.] REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, Mr. Jeffers of Alabama: Committee on the Public Lands. H. R. 7862. A bill authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to sell and patent certain lands to William S. N. Calhounand Zaidee Boatner Calhoun, residents of Catahoula Parish, La.; with an amendment (Rept. No. 570). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. Jeffers of Alabama: Committee on the Public Lands. H. R. 7869. A bill authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to transfer title to certain public lands in the State of Idaho; without amendment (Rept. No. 572). Referred to the Commit- tee of the Whole House. [Use above form also when only one report is submitted.] ADVERSE REPORT. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, Mr. Kahn: Committee on Military Affairs. House Resolution 67. A resolution directing the Secretary of War to furnish certain information to the House of Repre- sentatives (Rept. No. 33). Laid on the table. Mr. Longworth: Committee on Claims. H. R. 11964. A bill for the relief of the P. J. Carlin Construction Co. (Rept. No. 1014). Laid on the table. [Use the above form also when only one report is submitted.] SENATE AND HOUSE JOURNAL STYLE. 113 CHANGE OF REFERENCE. Under clause 2 of Rule XXII. committees were discharged from the consid- eration of the following bills, which were referred as follows : A bill (H. R. 6442) granting a pension to Martha A. Curtis; Committee on Pensions discharged, and referred to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. A bill (H. R. 11111) granting a pension to Annie Elizabeth Clark; Committee on Pensions discharged, and referred to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. [Use the following form if only one change of reference is made :] Under clause 2 of Rule XXII, the Committee on Pensions was discharged from the consideration of the bill (H. R. 7557) granting a pension to Fannie Knowles, and the same was referred to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS. Under clause 3 of Rule XXII. bills, resolutions, and memorials were in- troduced and severally referred as follows : By Mr. McFadden: A bill (H. R. 7683) to provide for the consideration or redistribution of the powers and duties of the several executive departments of the Government of the United States relating to the Territory of Alaska, and for other purposes ; to the Committee on the Territories. By Mr. Mills: Joint resolution (H. J. Res. 193) authorizing the erection on public grounds in the city of Washington of a memorial to Jeanne d'Arc ; to the Committee on the Library. By Mr. Osborne : Memorial of the city council of the city of Santa Monica, Calif., pertaining to the Federal Government pledging the support of the city of Santa Monica in the execution of any plan of defense which may be inaugu- rated by the Federal Government within the legal limits of the city of Santa Monica ; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions were introduced and severally referred as follows : By Mr. Derupsey : A bill (H. R. 8047) for the relief of Emons Johnson; to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. Longworth : A bill (H. R. 8370) for the relief of Maria Pfeiffer; to the Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 8371) granting an increase of pension to Harry Wein- heimer; to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. Lineberger: Resolution (H. Res. 146) appointing Innian P. Crutch- field as successor to the person named in House resolution adopted by the House January 15, 1900 ; to the Committee on Accounts. [Use the following form if only one bill is introduced :] Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, Mr. Lunn introduced a bill (H. R. 15978) granting an increase of pension to John W. Bennett, which was referred to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. PETITIONS, ETC. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows : 2202. By Mr. Briggs : Letter of F. G. Edmiston, relating to tax revision ; to the Committee on Ways and Means. 2203. Also, petition of many retailers of carbonated beverages in seventh congressional district of Texas, asking for repeal of tax on such beverages now provided for by section 628a and section 630 of the revenue act of 1918 ; to the Committee on Ways and Means. 2204. By Mr. Cramton : Wire of W. H. French, director of vocational educa- tion, Lansing, Mich., protesting against the passage of the Sweet bill carrying the Senate amendment abolishing the Federal Board for Vocational Education ; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. 2905. By the Speaker (by request) : Petition of Lincoln Post, No. 1, Depart- ment of Kansas, Grand Army of the Republic, favoring House bill 9369; to the Committee on Military Affairs. 114 STYLE MANUAL. Votes in Senate and House Journals. Operators must observe the following forms. Allow an en space at end of introductory clause for the insertion of a brace when line is sawed. The figures which accompany the " yeas," " nays," etc., must be set on the same slug as those words. [Yeas ____________________ 110 It was decided in the affirmative, j Nays ____________________ 10 ( Not answering ____________ 42 Run down, 16 ems 8-point. It was decided in the negative,! ^ T | - - ^ Run down, 15$ ems 8-point. fYeas ______________________________ 100 When there appeared, I Answering present _. _______ 3 Run down, Hi ems 8-point. It was determined in the negative, | ^ a vs 20 Run down, 17 ems 8-point. fYeas__ _ 200 It was determined in the affirmative, {Nays ________________ 50 (Not answering _______ 9 Run down, 18* ems 8-point. SENATE JOURNAL INDEX STYLE. HISTORY OF BILLS AND INDEX. History of Bills in Senate Journal. [Type. 8-point, solid, Record measure. No " S." or " H. R." in front of numbers. Inden- tions 4 ems; overruns 5 ems. Lower case initials on action lines. Italic for amend- ments. Vessels in roman. Senate bills read "A bill " ; House bills read "An act."] 2194. A bill granting a pension to John D. Ball (See bill H. R. 14063.) 4284. A bill to correct the military record of Alfred Clark considered and postponed indefinitely 49 3220. A bill authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to make investiga- tions through the Bureau of Mines of lignite coals and peat to determine the practicability of their utilization as a fuel and in producing commercial products read twice and referred 20 reported without amendment (Kept. No. 524) 272 considered, amended, read the third time, and passed ; title amended 301 11283. An act [to amend and reenact sections 4, 11, 16, 19, and 22 of the act approved December 23, 1913, and known as the Federal reserve act, and] to amend the ninth ixirat/raph of section 16 of the Federal reserve art. r/x amended by the acts approved September 7, 1916, and June 21, 1917, and to amend sections 5208 and 5209, Revised Statutes received 182 read twice and referred 182 reported with amendments (Rept. No. 682) 288 considered, amended, read the third time, and passed ; title amended ^ 288 House disagrees to Senate amendments and asks conference 302 Senate insists and agrees to conference 302 Senate member of conference excused and vacancy filled 312 report of Senate conferees submitted .__ 332 Senate agrees to report of conferees 344 Senate recedes from amendment to the title 344 House agrees to report of conferees 347 examined and signed , 348 approved [public law No. 218] 364 Index in Senate Journal. [Index is set in 8-point, Record measure ; flush ; indentions 2, 3, 4 ems, etc. ; overruns 4 cms on a 2-em indented line, 5 ems on a 3-ein indented line, etc. Note use of H. R. in front of numbers if more than one bill is given in the cross reference.] Abt, William (See bills H. R. 15900, H. R. 14063.) Agricultural products Duties on Requesting investigation (See S. J. Res. 212.) Aliens To provide for the deportation of certain (See bills S. 4632. H. R. 5667, H. R. 12402.) Petitions for the deportation of certain, by citizens of Massachusetts 242 Michigan 163 Petitions for the education of, by citizens of Wyoming 363 Allen, Mary E., papers 25 (See bill S. 3201.) 115 116 STYLE MANUAL. Barrett, Henry O., schooner, for the relief of the owners of (See bill S. 3123.) Borah, William E Attended 1 3 Notice to amend the rules by, relating to the consideration of treaties in open session 241 Resolutions by No. 178, to amend the rules relating to the consideration of trea- ties ; over 37 Considered, amended, and agreed to 40 No. 187, to pay the funeral expenses of James H. Brady ; referred- Reported and agreed to 60 Committees, standing Additional Accommodations to the Library of Congress Resolution No. 167, by Mr. Penrose, to employ an additional clerk for ; referred 19 Commerce, Secretary of Communications from Relating to the value of certain inland canals, in response to S. Res. 277, by Mr. Saulsbury 344 Ordered printed 350 In response to S. Res. 309, by Mr. Calder, relating to the value of certain canals 379 Liquor Memorials against prohibition by citizens of Arizona 272. 276 Arkansas 244. 319 Wyoming 132, 134, 136, .149, 153. 167, 232, 248, 256, 259, 261, 262. 265, 273, 280, 288, 301, 305, 310. 315. 316, 318, 328. 363 Wadsworth, James W., jr. Attended 3 Resolutions submitted by Committee on Military Affairs Hearings before, authorizing, referred 46 Reported and agreed to 47 Harbord mission, requesting a report of ; considered and agreed to_ 281 Rules of Senate, notice of proposed motion to suspend Rule XVI. paragraph 3 87 Motion submitted and agreed to 88 HISTORY OF BILLS UNDER NAMES OF SENATORS INTRODUCING THEM. [This history of bills and resolutions is set in 8-point, solid, Record measure. Italic lines indented 4 ems ; action lines 5 ems, lower-case initials ; overruns 6 ems. Case 2 and case 3 lines as shown.] By SENATOR BBANDEGEE: For the history of the omnibus bills referred to in this list, see pages 5, 6, and* 7 of this volume. 418. A bill granting an increase of pension to Benjamin G. Barber First session: read twice and referred 13 Second session: reported (see bill S. 5575). 419. A bill granting an increase of pension to Emma T. Barnes First session: read twice and referred 13 Second session: reported (see bill S. 5575). 420. A bill granting an increase of pension to A. M. Barstow First session: read twice and referred 13 Second session: reported (see bill S. 4261.) SENATE JOURNAL INDEX STYLE. 117 SIMPLE RESOLUTIONS. 129. A resolution authorizing the Secretary of the Senate to pay Hon. K. I. Perky compensation for certain service as Senator First session: read and referred 14 246. A resolution relative to increasing the compensation of the star- route contractors Second session: read and referred 76 326. A resolution to authorize the printing of Senate Document No. 419, Workman's Compensation Report Second session: read and referred 214 considered and agreed to 390 Style of Senate Omnibus Bills. 832. A bill granting pensions and increase of pensions to certain soldiers and sailors of the Civil War and certain widows and depend- ent relatives of such soldiers and sailors First session: read twice and referred 21 reported with an amendment (Kept. No. 47) 71 considered, amended, read the third time, and passed 113 Second session: passed the House with amendments 89 Senate disagrees to House amendments and asks conference 92 House insists and agrees to conference 95 Senate agrees to report of conferees 103 House agrees to report of conferees 112 examined and signed 114 presented 115 approved [private law No. 4] 136 s."..'i. A bill granting pensions and increase of pensions to certain soldiers and sailors of the Civil War and certain widows and depend- ent relatives of such soldiers and sailors First session: read twice and referred 21 considered, amended, read the third time, and passed 113 Second session: passed the House with amendments 89 Senate agrees to report of conferees 103 House agrees to report of conferees 112 examined and signed 114 presented 115 approved [private law No. 51] 136 4.T.:;. A bill granting pensions and increase of pensions to certain soldiers and sailors of the Regular Army and Navy, and of wars other than the Civil War, and to certain widows and depend- ent relatives of such soldiers and sailors reported, read twice, and placed on the calendar (Rept. No. 214) _ 109 considered, amended, read the third time, and passed 203 passed the House with amendments 249 House agrees to report of conferees 316 Senate agrees to report of conferees 319 examined and signed 320 presented 321 approved [private law No. 36] 338 4552. A bill granting pensions and increase of pensions to certain soldiers and sailors of the Civil W 7 ar and certain widows and depend- ent relatives of such soldiers and sailors reported, read twice, and placed on the calendar (Rept. No. 276) _ 135 considered, amended, read the third time, and passed 253 examined and signed 320 presented 321 approved [private law No. 37] 338 HOUSE JOURNAL INDEX STYLE. HISTORY OF BILLS AND INDEX. History of Bills in House Journal. History of bills is set in 6-point, Record measure, flush. Indentions 3 ems ; overruns 4 ems. Lead before each item. Actions run in with em dash. Spell months, even if in parentheses or brackets and followed by date. Vessels in roman. H. R. 6410 Authorizing the city of Boulder, Colo., to purchase certain public lands. Mr. Timberlake ; Committee on the Public Lands, 211. Reported with amend- ments (Rept. 254), 397. Amended and passed House, 426. Passed Senate, 453. Examined and signed, 457. Presented to the President, 462. Approved, H. R. 6411 Granting a pension to Katherine G. Manning. Mr. Tinkham ; Committee on Pensions, 211. H. R. 6412 Granting an increase of pension to Thomas Shepard. Mr. Tinkham ; Committee on Invalid Pensions, 211. H. Res. 6 Concerning the right of Victor Berger to be sworn in as a Member of the Sixty-sixth Congress. Mr. Dallinger ; agreed to, 7. Committee appointed, 41. Proceedings vacated to amendment stage, 164. Amended and agreed to, 164. Reported (Rept. 414), 532. H. Res. 43 Amending the Rules of the House of Representatives. Mr. Tinkham ; Committee on Rules, 63. S. 696 To carry out the findings of the Court of Claims in the case of Frank S. Bowker. Passed Senate, 386. Referred to Committee on Claims, 386. S. 715 For the relief of the Atlas Lumber Co., Babcock & Willcox, Johnson. Jackson & Corning Co. and the C. H. Klein Brick Co., eacti of which companies fur- nished to Silas N. Opdahl, a failing Government contractor, certain building materials which were used in the construction of Burke Hall at the Pierre Indian School, in the State of South Dakota. Passed Senate, 293. Referred to Committee on Claims, 293. S. J. Res. 100 Making Tuesday, September 16, 1919, a legal holiday in the District of Columbia. Passed Senate, 428. Amended and passed House. 430. Passed Senate, 433. Examined and signed, 435. Approved, 459. S. J. Res. 112. Continuing temporarily certain allowances to officers of the Navy and Marine Corps. Passed Senate, 512. Referred to Committee on Naval Affairs, 558. S. Con. Res. 4 Authorizing the printing of extra copies of the hearings and report of the committee entitled " Brewing and Liquor Interests and German Propaganda and Bolshevik Propaganda." Passed Senate, 244. Referred to Committee on Printing, 244. Reported without amendment (H. Rept. 325), amended, and agreed to, 453. Senate agrees to House amendments, 454. Index in House Journal. Index is set in 6-point, solid, Record measure. Cap lines flush: italic lines 1 em; indented lines 2 ems; overruns 3 ems (but 6 ems preceding or following a 3-em dash). Spell months, even if in parentheses or brackets and followed by date. Vessels in roman. ARIZONA, establish a fish-hatching and fish-cultural station in (H. R. 465). Yuma project : provide for disposal of certain waste water from the (S. 2610). Bill providing for an additional judge for the district of (H. R. 466: S. 282). ARIZONA, NEW MEXICO, NEVADA, AND UTAH, provide for the disposal of public lands containing deposits of copper at depth (H. R. 10433). ARKANSAS, authorizing the payment of 50 per cent of proceeds from sale of timber to promotion of agriculture, domestic economy, animal husbandry, and dairying in the State of (H. R. 3170). Bill to grant to certain claimants preferential right to purchase certain lands in (H. R. 8084). ARKANSAS CITY, Ark., increase appropriation for public building at (H. R. 10233). BELCH, W. M., pension (H. R. 5370). BELFAST, Me., donating captured cannon to (H. R. 7538). BELGIUM, authorizing appointment of an ambassador to (S. J. Res. 75). Resolution providing for receiving King of (H. Res. 342). 118 HOUSE JOURNAL INDEX STYLE. 119 CAPTURED CANNON, providing for equitable distribution of (H. R. 5260). Bill donating to Aberdeen, Miss. (H. R. 1173). New York City (H. R. 1662, 6901). Fort Washington War Service Honor Roll Committee (H. R. 5442). COLORADO, donating captured cannon to designated cities (H. R. 175). Bill for payment of claims for loss of private property on account of loss of fire- arms and ammunition during labor strikes in (H. R. 6576). COMMITTEE ON EXPENDITURES IN THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. Elected, 8. Andrew ,T. Hickey and Earl C. Michener elected, 324. James M. Mead, resigned, 492. Discharged from further consideration of H. Res. 69, 141. Reports by Louisiana : increase of salary for marshal and district attorney of (S. 597 ; H. Rept. 416). DALLINGER, Frederick W. (a Representative from Massachusetts). Elected on committees : Elections No. 1, chairman. 8 ; Education, 8 ; Indian Af- fairs, 8 ; Victor L. Berger Investigation, Select, chairman, 41. Bills and joint resolutions introduced by Alden, Preston D. : relief (H. R. 2395). Motions and resolutions offered by Berger, Victor L. : investigate right of, to be sworn in as a Representative (H. Res. 205). providing for expenses incurred by the special committee on the case of (H. Res. 94). Contested-election case : Carney v. Berger (H. Res. 384). Secretary of Navy : report to House of Representatives amount of sugar in possession of Navy Department (H. Res. 337). Reports made by, from Committee of conference : rural post roads, to aid in construction of, 1 23. Committee on Education : Bureau of Education, provide for a library information service in (H. R. 6870; Rept. 302). Committee on Elections No. 1 : Carney, Joseph P., v. Victor L. Berger, contested election case of (Rept. 413), 532. Reeves, Albert L., memorial relative to election in fifth district of Missouri (Rept. 449), 557. SECRETARY OF WAR. Communications from, transmitting Copy of bill for relief of estate of Belvedere Brooks, Samuel I. Zeidner, C. W. Gaylord. and John V. D. Bebell, 145. Copy of bill providing for retirement of certain enlisted men of the Regular Army, 145. VESSELS, authorize sale, charter, lease, and operation of merchant vessels belonging to United States (H. R. 8625). Bill for relief of owner of the steamship Titania (H. R. 9604). SPECIFICATION STYLE. Where no specific reference is made to specifications or to the Official Gazette, the rules herein given apply to both classes of work. The term "specifications " includes trade-marks, designs, and reissues. PUNCTUATION. Specifications. Follow copy, except in headings and preambles, which should be punctuated according to office style. Official Gazette. Follow copy in claims; court decisions; treaties, conventions, etc., with foreign countries; rules and amendments thereto; laws; extracts; quoted matter, and acts of Congress. Punctuate everything else. COMPOUNDS. Specifications. Follow copy, except in headings and preambles, wnere titles of invention should be compounded so as to indicate as nearly as possible the object or use of the invention. No set rules can be given for such compounds. Copy editors are expected to insert hyphens where required. Where titles consist of only two words, follow Webster's New International Dictionary in the use or omission of hyphens. (See List of compound words on pp. 190-224.) Where two words are made of terms that are usually closed up, copy should be followed; but prefixes should be closed up with the words to which they belong, unless connected thereto by a hyphen, when copy should be followed. Examples: Horseshoe, countershaft, railroad, firearm, grind stone, anti-friction, electro-magnet, sub-station, ferro-manganese, etc., follow copy; but close up anti friction, electro magnet, sub station, ferro manganese, etc., if they appear as two words in copy. Official Gazette. Follow copy in claims and quoted matter, but compound in accordance with Web- ster's New International Dictionary and the rules relating to titles of invention of specifications in everything else. ABBREVIATIONS. Specifications. Follow copy, except in headings, in which the names of States (except N. Y. where it follows the name of the city) , fractions in assignments, etc. , should be spelled . Follow copy in the use of the word "Figure" when followed by a numeral, where reference is had to figures of the drawings. Spell or abbreviate, as in copy. Use "etc." in headings, but follow copy (&c. or etc.) elsewhere. Spell out "&" wherever it appears in copy, except in the names of firms and cor- porations and in the oaths of trade-marks, where copy should be followed. Official Gazette. States. Abbreviate the names of States in all cases except in treaties, conven- tions, etc., with foreign countries; laws; acts of Congress; extracts, and quoted matter, where copy should be followed. (See list of abbreviations on p. 29.) Months. Follow copy in treaties, conventions, etc., with foreign countries; laws; acts of Congress; extracts, and quoted matter. Spell out in everything else, except in the index and in the headings of claims, where abbreviate. For the day of the month, following the name, use figures only, except in "follow" matter, where copy should be followed. Where preceding the name of the month, use 1st, 2d, 3d, etc., as "the 1st of January," "the 2d day of January," etc. 120 SPECIFICATION STYLE. 121 Street, avenue, road, etc. Follow copy in treaties, conventions, etc., with foreign countries; laws; acts of Congress; extracts, and quoted matter, but spell out in every- thing else. Citations. Copy should generally be followed, but abbreviate section, chapter, page, etc. Extracts and quoted matter. Follow all abbreviations. Etc. and &c. Follow copy in treaties, conventions, etc., with foreign countries; laws; acts of Congress; extracts, and quoted matter. Use "etc. " in everything else. FIGURES. Specifications. Follow copy, except in assignments in headings, where they should be spelled. Change Figure one, Fig. two, etc., in the text to Figure 1, Fig. 2, etc. Official Gazette. Follow copy in treaties, conventions, etc., with foreign countries; laws; acts of Congress; commissioner's report; extracts, and quoted matter. Spell out figures under 10 in everything else, except figures at the beginning of paragraphs, tabular matter, enumerations, figures of reference, etc. Only a general rule can be given. Much must be left to the judgment of the copy editor. CAPITALIZATION. Specifications and Official Gazette. Capitalize "Letters Patent," whether standing alone or followed by a numeral. Capitalize "Patent," " Trade-Mark," "Design," "Reissue," "Certificate," "Sheet," "Plate," "Diagram," "Case," and "Division," where followed by a numeral, in any one of the folio wing forms: ''Patent No. 680,180"; "my Patent No. 680,180"; "Patent 680,180"; "Trade-Mark No. 140,500"; "Design No. 10,500"; "Reissue No. 14,500"; "reissued Patent No. 14,500"; " Certificate No. 130,500"; "Sheet 1"; "Plate 1"; "Diagram 1"; "Case A"; and "Division A." Lower-case "registration No. 130,500." Proper nouns used as adjectives should generally be capitalized. There are a few exceptions to this rule. (See list of words on pp. 123, 124 for examples of both.) Capitalize words which are placed upon devices, drawings, blank forms, etc., for, purposes of caution, direction, explanation, etc., as "The semaphore bears upon its face the word Safety"; "The switch is set to display Danger"; "As shown in Fig. 2, at the point marked Upper"; "The first column is headed Amt., the second Year"; ''The figures are entered in the Rec'd column." Where more than one word is used, capitalize only the first word. Capitalize the principal words in phrases appearing in the description of trade- marks, as ''My trade-mark consists of the words Golden Rod Butter, distinctively displayed." Also capitalize such phrases wherever they appear in specifications of patents and in copy for the Official Gazette. Capitalize the word "Figure," spelled or abbreviated, if followed by a numeral, where reference is had to figures of the drawings. Capitalize the following, singular or plural, spelled or abbreviated, when follow- ing a name: Avenue. Island. Road. Bay. Lake. Run (stream). Borough. Mountain. Sea. Boulevard. Ocean. Street. Canal. Parish. Township. County. Place. Valley. Creek. River. Wharf. Harbor. Capitalize the following where reference is had to a geographical subdivision of a foreign country and where used in connection with the name thereof: Canton (Switzerland and Luxemburg). Prefecture (Japan). Commonwealth (Australia). Principality. Department (France, etc.). Province. Dominion, District (Canada). Provincial District (New Zealand). Duchy or Grand Duchy. Republic. Empire. State. Federal District ( Brazil, Mexico, and Venezuela). Territory. Kingdom. Union (South Africa). Lan (Sweden). Vilayet (Turkey). 64061 22 9 122 STYLE MANUAL. Capitalize the scientific names of plants and animals where reference is had to the genus, order, or family, but always lower-case the species, as crispus (species), Chon- drus (genus), Chondrus crispus (genus and species), Algae (order). Where reference is had to an individual member of an order, lower-case, as an alga (or the alga?) of the genus Chondrus. Capitalize the principal words of titles of books, magazines, and other publications, as The British Pharmacopoeia, Bulletin of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Chemical Reactions and Equations, etc.; but capitalize only the first word and proper nouns of titles of articles in books, magazines, and other publications, as, Brown, Delicacy of British Pharmacopoeia tests for arsenic, Journal of Pharmacy. Capitalize the first word of titles of inventions where preceded by the word ' ' entitled , ' ' as, The invention shown in my Patent No. 530,410, entitled "Variable-speed-trans- mission gearing. " Where part of an incorporated name, capitalize the word "city," as Kansas City, Jersey City, etc.; but lower-case New York city, Oklahoma city, etc. Where abbreviations consist of single letters, capitalize the same, but not abbre- viations of weights and measures, which should be lower-cased. Examples: H. P. for horsepower; R. P. M. for revolutions per minute; E. M. F. (plural E. M. F.'s) for electromotive force; C. for centigrade (but lower-case cent.), etc., should be capital- ized, while Ib. for pound; ft. for foot; c. c. or cc. for cubic centimeter; gm. for gram; cwt. for hundredweight; k. w. or kw. for kilowatt, etc., should be lower-cased. Official Gazette Only. Capitalize full titles of all courts, as IT. S. Supreme Court, Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals Second District, etc.; but lower-case court of appeals, circuit court of appeals, etc. Capitalize the word "court" where reference is had to the United States Supreme Court, but lower-case elsewhere. Capitalize the word "office" where reference is had to the Patent Office, but lower-case elsewhere. Capitalize the titles of officials of the Patent Office. Capitalize full titles of acts, as Trade-Mark Act, Spooner Act, etc.; but lower-case the word "act" where standing alone. POSSESSIVES. Correct errors in the use of the apostrophe in the possessive case. Follow the docu- ment style. (Seep. 45). ITALICS AND ROMAN. Italics must be used in the Latin names of plants and animals where reference is had to the species (as tuberosa) or to the genus followed by the species (as Asclepias tuberosa); but roman should be used where reference is had to the genus alone (as Asclepias) or to the order (as Asclepiadacese). Also italicize the names of vessels and titles of cases in citations, as Smith et al. v. Brown. Roman should be used in the Latin names of medicines, diseases, anatomical terms, chemicals and dyestuffs, geological and mineralogical terms, Latin words and phrases generally, and in titles of books, magazines, and other publications. Where italics appear in copy for the Gazette, the same should be followed ; but in specifications only such words should be set in italics as have been marked by the copy editor, except that Latin names of plants and animals should be set in italics in accordance with the above rule, even if not marked in copy. REFERENCE LETTERS AND FIGURES. Where copy has capitals, use roman capitals, and where copy has lower-case letters use lower-case italic, as, the wheel A has a rim a and spokes 6; the hub B is of iron. Quote reference letters and figures, if copy, as, the frame "A" consists of uprights "l"and"2." Where the references have superiors, as l a , 2 b , 8 C , etc., and the superior letters "*" and " z " appear anywhere in the copy, as 9?, 10 Z , the superior "* n should be used where copy has 7 X , ll x , etc. Where the letters do not run to " y ," " z ," use a superior multiple, as 4 X , 20 X , etc. Where the references have superior figures, as a, a 1 , 6 2 , c 3 , /"*, /i 5 , k 6 , g 7 , I s , d 9 , the "" should be printed a cipher, not a degree mark or superior SPECIFICATION STYLE. 123 "." Where there are superior letters, as l a , 2 b , 3 C , running through to 8 m , 9 n , etc., a superior letter Uo? ' should be used, not a cipher or degree mark. Where copy has al, a2, la, Ib, etc., set thus: a 1 , a 2 , 1% l b , etc., unless otherwise marked by the copy editor. Copy should be followed in respect to the prime mark or superior " Y' thus, "The wheels a' and a 2 " or "The wheels a 1 and a 2 ." Some type- writers use the prime mark for " 1 " after passing " 9 5 " as a /0 , a", a /2 , etc., which should be changed to a 10 , a 11 , a 12 , etc. These latter cases should be indicated by the copy editor. Follow inferiors where so used in copy, as: a lf a 2 , etc. PLURALS. Follow copy in the Latin or English forms for plurals where both forms are recognized. A few are: abacus, pi. abacuses or abaci. antenna, pi. antenna?. apex, pi. apexes or apices. callus, pi. calli. candelabrum, pi. candelabrums or candelabra. fascia, pi. fasciae. helix, pi. helixes or helices. lamina, pi. laminae. matrix, pi. matrices, not matrixes. medium, pi. mediums or media. spatula, pi. spatulas. speculum, pi. speculums or specula. stylus, pi. styli. GOTHICS. All letters and figures relating to shape should be in gothic, except I, which should be in Clarendon. Where copy has tee shape, change to T shape; eye beam, change to I beam; ell, change to L; in the form of an A; the A frame; the Y: in the shape of an 8. Do not quote gothics, as "A" frame. If quotes are in copy, omit them. DIVISIONS. Follow Webster's New International Dictionary in the division of words: but if an operator has made a division which is not in accordance therewith the proof reader should not cause the resetting of the line to correct the error if such division is recognized by any other authority. ORTHOGRAPHY. Webster's New International Dictionary, current edition, is recognized as the standard authority in the spelling of words. Where the dictionary recognizes two different forms of spelling the same word, follow the form given in copy. An excep- tion to this rule should be made where a word capable of two different forms of spelling appears in the title of invention in the heading and preamble, in which case Webster's preferred form should be used and the word made to conform with the spelling in the title throughout the entire specification. Copy editors will indicate the preferred form in such case on the file jacket, in the preamble, and at the beginning of each "take." In Gazette work follow copy in claims, but use the preferred form of spelling given in Webster's New International Dictionary in everything else. The following list contains a number of words used in specification work, as well as some relating to capitalization, and should be followed unless otherwise marked in copy by the copy editor: crepe de chine. decelerate. decremeter. detectaphone. died out, \stamping or punching dieing out,/ with dies. Diesel engine. dor6 bullion. doup (weaving). acylate. addressograph. aerofoil. aileron. Archimedean screw. Argand burner. artesian well. autogenous. avion. Axminster rug. babbitt (n.). Babbitt metal, not Babbit metal. bakelite. balata. Baume', not Beaume. Blau gas. blucher shoe. Bourdon tube. Bowden wire. brassiere. brisance. brisant. britannia ware. Brix hydrometer. Bunsen burner. cacao (seed of the cacao tree). candelilla (wax or plant). canton flannel. Cardan shaft. castile soap. celtium. china clay. coca (a drug). cocoa (made from cacao seed). congress boot. coulomb. empennage, factis (solidified oil), feterita (grain). Fourdrinier machine. Fuller valve, fuselage. Garnett machine. Gnome engine, grabbots (cotton refuse), grill (broiler). 124 STYLE MANUAL. grille (grating). guayule. Habana, not Havana. henry (electricity). hydrolyze. hysteresis. impedance. in any wise. inasmuch. india ink. in no wise. in so far. insomuch. Jacquard loom (capitalize; lower- case all others, as: jacquard card, jacquard motion, etc.). japan varnish. kaoliang (grain). kenotron. konseal. lithopone. longeron. loupe (jeweler's). macadam road. machinable. maltha (mineral tar). Mangin mirror. manila paper. manilarope. mansard roof. Marcel wave. McKay shoe. Miller hook. milo (grain). Minie" rifle. Monel metal. monocoque. Montan wax. morocco binding. multigraph. nacelle. navy blue. nictirome. oxford shoe. papier mache". Para rubber, gum, etc. patina. phone. plansifter. pliotron. Pontianak gum. portiere. SAMPLES OF HEADINGS. propellant (n.). propellent (a.). pylon. repellent (n. and a.). resume. rotatable, not rotable. Russia leather. sisal rope. Stillson wrench. sump. thermion. tier (to tie). Twaddell hydrometer. tying, not tieing. ukulele. Vandyke brown. venturi(n.). Venturi tube. Wilton carpet. Xray. yolk, not yelk. Zeppelin (a.). zeppelin (n.). Insert in place of "Application filed," etc., in headings of specifications. (Straight reissue.) Original No. 1,087,735, dated February 17, 1914, Serial No. 762,048, filed April 18, 1913. Application for reissue filed May 15, 1916. Serial No. 913,970. (Reissued design.) Original No. 37,504, dated August 8, 1905, Serial No. 262,949, filed March 10, 1912, for 14 years. Application for reissue filed January 14, 1913. Serial No. 742,086. Term of patent 14 years. (Divisional application.) Original application filed May 21, 1900, Serial No. 17,360. Divided and this appli- cation filed July 20, 1903. Serial No. 163,658. (Continuation of application.) Continuation of application Serial No. 341,560, filed May 3, 1904. This application filed June 2, 1905. Serial No. 450,632. . (Renewed before reissue.) Original application filed May 20, 1898, Serial No. 480,550. Renewed August 10, 1901, Serial No. 12,640. Original No. 720,230, dated March 3, 1903. Application for reissue filed February 6, 1908. Serial No. 414,653. (Renewed and divided before reissue.) Original application filed May 20, 1898, Serial No. 681,202. Renewed August 10, 1901, Serial No. 710,635. Divided and application filed February 7, 1902, Serial No. 930,110. Original No. 720,777, dated March 3, 1904. Application for reissue filed February 9, 1910. Serial No. 414,652. (Reissue divided.) Original No. 975,935, dated November 15, 1910, Serial No. 480,510, filed March 15, 1905. Application for reissue filed February 5, 1913. Serial No. 740,530. Division A. (Set "Division A" in 10-point roman caps and small caps.) Original No. 975,935, dated November 15, 1910, Serial No. 480,510, filed March 15, 1905. Application for reissue filed May 15, 1913. Serial No. 767,921. Division B. (Set "Division B " in 10-point roman caps and small caps.) (Reissue of a reissue.) Original No. 1,056,794, dated March 25, 1913, Serial No. 481,582, filed May 30, 1910. Reissue No. 14,023, dated November 30, 1915, Serial No. 14,559, filed March 15, 1915. This application for reissue filed September 25, 1919. Serial No. 326,421. SPECIFICATION STYLE. 125 (Renewal of a renewed and divided specification.) Original application filed January 2, 1909, Serial No. 326,784. Renewed July 7, 1911, Serial No. 367,428. Divided and this application filed August 10, 1912, Serial No. 726,184. Renewed March 9, 1813. Serial No. 786,477. (Division of two applications.) Original applications filed May 10, 1907, Serial No. 372,980, and December 11, 1908, Serial No. 467,087. Divided and this application filed March 28, 1910. Serial No. 552,082. (Continuation of renewal.) Original application filed February 4, 1903, Serial No. 141,817. Continuation of renewed application filed February 23, 1905, Serial No. 246,916. This application filed June 29, 1905. Serial No. 267,527. (Trade-mark renewal.) Application filed April 15, 1920. Serial No. 87,516. Renewal of No. 9,428, May 22, 1911. (Reissue heading for Gazette.) 12,907. GOLF-BALL. HENRY E. RATHBUN and WILLIAM H. LONEBGAX, Provi- dence, R. I., assignors to the Firm of Allen & Robinson, Hartford, Conn. Filed Jan. 5, 1908. Serial No. 407,321. Original No. 893,728, dated Mar. 1, 1907, Serial No. 283,017, filed July 8, 1906. USEFUL INFORMATION. MISCELLANEOUS TABLES. VALUES OF FOREIGN COINS. [From office of the Secretary of the Treasury, Washington, D. C., .Ian. 1, 1922.] Country. Legal standard. Monetary unit. Value in terms of United States I money. Argentina Gold Peso $0. 9648 Austria do Krone . 2026 Belgium Gold and silver . Franc 2 .1930 Bolivia Gold Boliviano 3 . 3893 Brazil do MUreis 5462 British colonies in Australasia and Africa do Pound sterling 4. 8665 Canada do Dollar 1. 0000 Central American States: CostaRica do Colon 4653 British Honduras : do Dollar 1.0000 Nicaragua do Cordoba 1. 0000 Peso 5 ! . 4975 Salvador |"Gold Colon .5000 Chile ' do Peso 3650 Amoy .8156 Canton 8131 Chefoo 7801 Chinkiang 7967 Foochow . 7544 Haikwan (customs) ! . 8299 Hankow 7631 m_ ol 7 I Kiaochow . 7903 | Nanking 8071 Newchwang i . 7648 Ningpo . 7841 Peking 7951 Shanghai i .7450 Swatow . 7534 Takau 8207 Tientsin .7903 {Yuan .5344 Hongkong .5364 British... .5364 Mexican i . 5404 Colombia Gold Dollar".. .9733 Cuba ' do Peso 1.0000 Denmark do Krone . 2680 Dominican Republic do Dollar 1.0000 Ecuador do Sucre . 4867 Egypt do Pound (100 piasters) 4. 9431 Finland do Markka 1930 France Gold and silver. Franc 2 .1930 Germany Gold Mark . 2382 Great Britain do Pound sterling 4. 8665 Greece Gold and silver. Drachma 2 .1930 Haiti Gold Gourde* .2000 India (British) ; do Rupee 12 . 4866 Indo-China Silver Piaster I . 5373 Italy I Gold Lira 2 i .1930 Japan do Yen I . 4985 Liberia do Dollar 1. 0000 Mexico do Peso 4985 Netherlands do Guilder (Florin) 4020 I Currency: Paper, normally convertible at 44 per cent of face value; now inconvertible. a Member Latin Union; gold is actual standard. 8 12 bolivianos equal 1 pound sterling. * Currency: Government paper normally convertible at 16 pence (=$0.3244) per milreis. 5 Guatemala: Currency, inconvertible paper; Honduras: Currency, bank notes. 6 Currency: Inconvertible paper. 7 The tael is a unit of weight; not a coin. The customs unit is the haikwan tael. The values of other taels are based on their relation to the value of the haikwan tael. The Yuan silver dollar of 100 cents is the monetary unit of the Chinese Republic; it is equivalent to .644+ of the haikwan tael. Mexican silver pesos issued under Mexican decree of Nov. 13, 1918, are of silver content approximately 41 per cent less than the dollar here quoted; and those issued under decree of Oct. 27, 1919, contained about 51 per cent less silver. w Currency: Government paper and gold. II The actual standard is the British pound sterling, which is legal tender for 97 piasters. 11 10 rupees equal 1 pound sterling. Currency: Depreciated silver token coins. Customs duties are collected in gold. 126 USEFUL INFORMATION. 127 Values of foreign coins Continued. Country. Legal standard. Monetary unit. Value in terms of United States money. Newfoundland Gold Dollar $1 0000 Norway do Krone 680 Panama.. . . . . do.. Balboa. . 1 0000 Paraguay do Peso (Argentine) 14 %48 Persia./. Silver. . . . Kran 1;< . . . ... 0916 Peru. Gold Libra 4 8665 Philippine Islands do Peso 5000 Portugal . . . do Escudo ' 1 0805 Rumania do Leu 1930 Russia.. .. do Ruble 5146 Serbia do Dinar 1930 Siam ... .do.. Tical 3709 Spain Gold and silver Peseta 16 1930 Straits Settlements Gold Dollar . . .5678 Sweden . ... do Krona 2680 Switzerland do 1930 Turkey .... do Piaster 17 0440 Uruguay do Peso 1 0342 Venezuela ... do. Bolivar 1930 2 Member Latin Union; gold is actual standard. 6 Currency: Inconvertible paper. 14 Currency: Depreciated Paraguayan paper currency. 15 Currency: Silver circulating above its metallic value. G old coin is a commodity only, normally worth double the silver. 18 Valuation is for gold peseta; currency is notes of the Bank of Spain. 17 100 piasters equal to the Turkish . CHEMICAL ELEMENTS AND SYMBOLS. Element. Symbol. Element. Symbol. Aluminum. Al Molybdenum Mo Antimony (see Stibium). Natrium (sodium) Na Argentina (silver).. . Ag Neod ymium Nd Argon A Neon Ne Arsenic. As Nickel Ni Aurum (gold). .. Au Niobium (columbium) Nb Cb Barium . Ba Nitrogen N ' Beryllium (glucinum) Be,G Norwegium Ne Bismuth Bi Osmium Os Boron B Oxygen o Bromine Br Pd Cadmium Cd Philippium Ph Caesium ... Cs Phosphorus P Calcium. Ca Platinum Pt Carbon C Plumbum (lead) Pb Cerium Co Potassium (see Kalium) Chlorine Cl Praseodymium Pr Chromium Cr Radium Ra Cobalt Co Rhodium Rh Columbium (niobium) . . Cb, Nb Rubidium Rb Copper (cuprum) Cu Ruthenium . . Ru Dawum Da Samarium Decipium .' Dp Scandium Sc' Didymium D Di Selenium Se Dysprosium Dy Silicon . . Si Erbium Er Ferrum (iron).. Fo Sodium, (see Natrium) Fluorine . . F Stannum (tin) Sn Gadolinium Gd Stibium (antimony) Sb Gallium Ga Strontium Sr Germanium Ge Sulphur s Glucinum (beryllium). . Gl,Be Tantalum Ta Gold (see Aurum). Tellurium. . Te Helium He Terbium TV) Tr Holmium Ho Thallium Tl ' Hydrargyrum (mercury)- Hg Thorium . Th Hydrogen H Thulium Tm Indium In Tin (see Stannum) Iodine I Titanium Ti Iridium Ir Tungsten (see Wolframium) Iron (see Ferrum). Uranium U Ur Kalium (potassium). ... K Vanadium v' Krypton . Kr Lanthanum La Wolframium (tungsten) Xenon W Xe X Lead (see Plumbum). Ytterbium . YD Lithium Li Yttrium Y Magnesium Mg Zinc Zn Manganese Mn Zirconium Zr Mercury (see Hydrargyrum). 128 STYLE MANUAL. METRIC TABLES. LENGTH. Myriameter 10,000 meters 6.2137 miles. Kilometer.. . . 1,000 meters 0.62137 mile. TTpotomfitfir 100 meters... 328 feet 1 inch Dekameter 10 meters 393.7 inches Meter.. 1 meter 39.37 inches. Decimeter 0.1 meter 3. 937 inches Centimeter 0.01 meter 3937 inch Millimeter. . . , 0.001 meter. . . 0.0394 inch. SURFACE. Hectare 10,000 square meters.. .j 2.471 acres. Are 100 square meters. ' 119.6 square yards. Centare 1 square meter ' 1,550 square inches WEIGHT. Name. Number of grams. Weight of what quan- tity of water at maximum density. Avoirdupois weight. Metric ton millier or tonneau 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 1.000 100 10 .1 .01 .001 1 cubic meter 2,204.6 pounds. 220.46 pounds. 22.046 pounds. 2.2046 pounds. 3. 5274 ounces. 0.3527 ounce. 15.432 grains. 1.5432 grains. 0.1543 grain. 0.0154 grain. Quintal 1 hectoliter. Myriagram 1 dekaliter Kilogram or kilo 1 liter "FJ'ef'.t.ngrq.Tri 1 deciliter Dekagram 10 cubic centimeters. . . 1 cubic centimeter 0.1 cubic centimeter. . . 10 cubic millimeters. . . 1 cubic millimeter Gram ; .... Decigram Centigram Milligram CAPACITY. Name. Number of liters. Metric cubic measure. United States measure. British measure. Kiloliter, or store. . . . 1,000 1 cubic meter 1 .308 cubic yards 1.308 cubic yards. Hectoliter Dekaliter. ... 100 10 0.1 cubic meter 10 cubic decime- 2.837 bushels; 26.417 gal- lons. 1.135 pecks; 2.6417 gal- 2.75 bushels; 22.01 gal- lons. 8.80 quarts; 2.201 gal- Liter 1 ters. 1 cubic decimeter. lons. 0.908 quart; 1 .0567 quarts. lons. 0.880 quart. Deciliter ... .1 0.1 cubic decime- 6.1022 cubic inches; 0.845 0.704 gill. Centiliter .01 ter. 10 cubic centime- gill. 0.6102 cubic inch; 0.338 0.352 fluid ounce. Milliliter .001 ters. 1 cubic centimeter fluid ounce. 0.061 cubic inch- 0.27 0.28 fluid dram. fluid dram. COMMON MEASURES AND THEIR METRIC EQUIVALENTS. Common measure. Equivalent. I Common measure. Equivalent. Inch 2.54 centimeters. Dry quart, United States. Quart imperial 1.101 liters. 1.136 liters. 3. 785 liters. 4.544 liters. 8.809 liters. 9.087 liters. 35.24 liters. 36 .35 liters. 28.35 grams. 0.4536 kilogram. 1.0161 metric tons. 0.9072 metric ton. 0.0648 gram. 31.103 grams. 0.3732 kilogram. Foot 3048 meter Yard . 0.9144 meter. 5.029 meters Rod Gallon, United States. . . Gallon, imperial Mile . 1.6093 kilometers. Square inch 6.452 square centimeters. Peck, United States Peck imperial Square foot 0929 square meter Square yard . 0.836 square meter. 25.29 square meters. Bushel, United States. . . Bushel, imperial Square rod Acre 4046 hectare Ounce, avoirdupois Pound, avoirdupois Ton, long Square mile 259 hectares. Cubic inch . 16.39 cubic centimeters. Cubic foot . 0.0283 cubic meter. 0.7645 cubic meter. Ton short Cubic yard. Grain Cord 3.624 steres Ounce troy Liquid quart, United States. . 0.9469 liter. Pound, troy USEFUL INFORMATION. 129 ROMAN NUMERALS. L . 1 ! IX... 9 LXX 70 II 2 X . 10 LXXX 80 III IV . 3 4 XIX.... XX .. 19 . 20 XC... . 90 C . CL 100 . 150 v 5 XXX 30 VI . 6 XL.... 40 50 CC... .. 200 VII 7 CCC 300 VIII g LX.... 60 CD 400 GREEK ALPHABET. D 500 DC 600 DCC 700 DCCC 800 CM 900 M 1000 MD 1.500 MCM... .. 1900 Caps. Lower- case. Greek- name. English sound. Caps. Lower- case. Greek name. English sound. A a a Alpha. A. N V Nu. N. B $6 Beta. B. i? Xi. X. r 7 Gamma. G. Omicron. O short. A 5 Delta. D. n TT HJ Pi. P. E Epsilon. E short. p p Rho. R. Z r Zeta. Z. V o s Sigma. S. H 11 Eta. E long. T r Tau. T. e e$ Theta. Th. T v Upsilon. U. i i Iota. I. $

Capricornus. ^ Aquarius. X Pisces. Q or Sun. $ Mercury. 9 Venus. or Earth. cT Mars. Tl Jupiter. J? Saturn. y Uranus. or ( New Moon. J> First Quarter. O or Full Moon. ( Last quarter. (5 Conjunction. S Opposition. A Trine. A triangle. d rectangle. circle. Z angle. L right angle. C~ or > greater than . T) or < less than. 1 perpendicular. MATHEMATICAL SIGNS. ~ difference. f integration. O equivalent. * " proportion. -H- geometrical proper- tion. I difference, excess. n Quartile. >(< Sextile. Q Dragon's Head. y Dragon's Tail. Ceres. $ Pallas. Juno. g Vesta. t; or L Neptune. . therefore. v because, oo infinity, cc varies as. V radical. degree. ' minute. " second. 130 STYLE MANUAL. ACCENT INFORMATION. The following information relating to accents is given as a matter of interest to editors, proofreaders, and compositors. Names of accents. The accents most commonly used are: Acute aeiou Grave aeiou Circumflex aeiou Dieresis ae'ioii Long aeiou Short aeiou Cedilla g Tilde ano Swedish a Accents used in modern languages. Following are the accents used in various modern languages: Bohemian A ^DEEINORiSfuUYZ acd'eeinorst'uuyz Danish Dutch Y y French A AEEEEIIOUUU aaceeSeiiouuu German A O U a 6 ii Hungarian A E I 6 O O U U U a e i 6 6 o u ii u Italian A AEEIIIOOOUU aaeeiUooduu Lithuanian 4 CEF^I^IJU^ a,cee.isuuz Norwegian Polish 4 CF^LtfOSZZ a. <5 e. 1 n 6 s z z Portuguese A AAQEEIOOOUU aaaceei66ouu Spanish A EIOUUN aeiouun Swedish A A O a a 6 Diacriticals. Diacritical points (marks, dots, lines, etc., added to or put adjacent to a letter or sign to distinguish it from another of similar form, or to give it a different phonetic value in schemes for the transliteration of foreign languages into Roman letters) are used chiefly in ethnology of American Indians and scientific and tech- nical publications. As complete lists are included with the regular accents of the various type faces shown in the specimen type book of this office, they are not given here. A few examples, however, are appended: ABCOGGHKTX aacgghkknpstty wx LENGTH OF PAGE. 1 10- point. 8-point. 6-point. 10- point. 8-point. 6-point. Census . 67| 63f 60 55 54 48 84 1 68 60 112 106 100 914 90 794 Law 48 49 T 60 48 794 61 854 794 106* 81* 114 Quarto General ord'er Statutes Professional Bill .. Court decisions Octavo (document) 12mo Record " 1 Does not include head slug or foot slug. DIMENSIONS OF TYPE PAGES AND TRIM OF PRINTED BOOKS. Measures. Type page. Books trim to 2 Measures. Type page. Books trim Width. Depth. 1 Width. Depth. Half census Census Inches. P i Inches. Inches. Court decisions Inches. Inches. 5f Inches. 5 x 9| 5 5 x 9t 5 x 9f 5 5 x 9} 5 x 7J m 9^x114 12mo Half quarto Quarto 7- 8: 9 7- 4 \ 91 x 11| 7f x 114 9 x 11| 51 x 9J 7f x 11 Speech Statutes General order . . Half Record Professional Army and Navy Register. Bill Record 0j Half specifications Specifications Document (octavo). 91 74 x 101 Depth includes folio lines. * Unless otherwise ordered on jacket. USEFUL INFORMATION. NUMBER OF WORDS AND EMS TO THE SQUARE INCH. 131 Sizes of type. Number of words. Num- ber of ems. Sizes of type. Number of words. Num- ber of ems. Solid. Leaded Solid. Leaded. 14-point 11 14 17 21 8 11 14 16 26J 8 52 j 8-point 32 47 69 23 81 34 144 50 207 12-point 6-point . . 11-point 5-point 10-point RELATIVE NUMBER OF EMS IN A PAGE. Measure. 10-point. 8-point. 6-point. Census 3.621 5,696 10 115 Quarto 2 992 4 675 8 249 Statutes i . . . 3,480 5,204 8 239 Professional 2 242 3 552 6 336 Document.. . 1,856 2,920 5,141 12mo 1 404 2 210 3 915 Laws ! 2,729 3,793 6,014 General order 1 050 1 643 2 911 Court decisions 1,456 2,268 4,052 1 Including side notes. ^ To find how many pages a book set in one size of type will make if set in some other size of type, but same size of page, multiply the number of pages by the number of ems in a page and divide by the number of ems of the type you wish to use. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WORDS IN A LINE AND PAGE AND THE NUMBER OF EMS IN A PAGE. Sizes of type and measures. Number of words in a line. Number of words in a page. Number of lines in a page. Number of ems in a page. Solid. Leaded. Solid. Leaded. 10-point: General order . 10 12 16 18 12 15 20 25 13 17 24 27 10 386 648 1,113 1,386 588 1,005 1,696 2,112 864 1,530 2,491 3,102 294 528 848 1,056 423 759 1,219 1,518 625 1.122 1,802 2,244 257 38 54 63 68 48 67 79 84 63 90 106 112 32 45 53 57 38 54 64 68 48 67 80 84 25 1,050 1,856 2,992 3,621 1,643 2,920 4,675 5,696 2,911 5,141 8,249 10,115 Document Quarto. Census 8-point: General order Document Quarto Census 6-point: General order Document Quarto Census 14-point: Bill The number of words to a page is computed on the basis of this table. This is the standard. INCREASE OF TEXT BY USING LEADS. If leaded with 2-point leads 6-point type is increased one-third. 8-point type is increased one-fourth. 10-point type is increased one-fifth. 11-point type is increased two-elevenths. 12-point type is increased one-sixth. 132 STYLE MANUAL. STANDARD SET MEASUREMENTS. [In this table one-fourth em equals 4 units.] 6 8 10^ 12 10 11 FULL MEASURE: Army and Navy <61 .3 45346 34146 30342 363/4.4 33 .6 Bill . . . 2 60%. 1 45H. 1 34142 30 .7 36*^ 33 3 Census 85>^ 64 .2 48143 42J45 51 .6 46J^ 2 Court decisions 46*4 34347 26 .8 23 .5 27347 25 6 Document. . ... 53 39}44 30 .3 26K 31346 2$ 1.4 7 General order 41% 30J48 233/3 20342 24346 223/3 Law. 2 43 3 4. 1 32}46 24} 8 2134 7 26 .5 233^ 7 Side notes * 8%.l 6341 5 4 .7 5 .5 41/0.5 Gazette and Tide Tables 693/3 52 .2 39141 34345 41344 /2 J 37V4 7 Professional papers 864 .2 48 .1 363/3 32 .1 38H 34348 Quarto and enrolled bill 73% 54148 4134 4 36342 43348 393/ 8 Nautical Almanac . ... 60J4 45 .3 34 .4 30 .2 36 .3 32J/2 7 Record (column width) 42% 31J4 3 24 .1 21 .2 25 .6 23 Record (page width) 85M 64 .6 48346 42347 51 .8 463/3 5 Revised Statutes 65 48344 37 323/3 39 35 .8 Side notes 3 11342 8344 6142 5345 7 6 6 12mo a 45 .1 33145 25J43 223/6 27 .1 243/3 1 HALF MEASURE: Army and Navy 2954" 22 .5 16348 14347 1/1/4 6 16 4 Bill 29% 21148 16343 14342 17341 153/3 8 Census 3 4134 2 31 .4 23143 20345 25 22343 Court decisions 3 2234 2 16348 12347 11 .5 13341 12 6 Document. . * 25%. 3 19 .4 14J42 12346 15 .7 14 General order 20 15 11 .7 10 12 10347 Law. 2 2134. 1 15348 12 .2 10343 12345 11342 Gazette and specifications 3 33%. 2 25 .7 19 .5 16348 20 .5 18 .8 Professional papers 3 31%. 2 23M 17146 15343 183/4 5 17 1 Quarto and bill indorsements 36 27 203/3 18 21342 193/4. 2 Revised Statutes 3 31%. 2 2314" 18 .1 15348 19 .2 17 .6 12mo 3 21%. 2 16 .7 12 .8 10348 13 2 113/3 7 THIRD MEASURE: Census * 27%. 3 20J-3 15J42 13343 16 .8 14348 Document 3 16%. 2 12}42 9341 8 .7 10 .2 9 3 TWO-THIRDS MEASURE: Census 563/3 42 .7 32 .3 28 .5 331^ 7 303/3 6 BROAD MEASURE: Census 112 83147 63145 56 67 .4 61 .1 Court decisions 81% 60146 46 .4 40342 48U.5 44 5 -Document 90 673/3 51 .4 45 54 49 .1 General order 63% 47344 36 .5 3134 6 38 4 343/3 4 Law and 12mo 793*3 59341 45 .5 39345 47344 43 .6 Professional papers 913/3 68142 52 .2 45345 5434 7 49347 Quarto and bill 106 793/3 60 .6 53 63 IX 2 57}/ 5 Revised Statutes ... 100 75 56148 50 60 54341 Record (page depth) 114 85U 64 .16 57 68 .7 62 .2 The 10^-set is used in casting tables in 10-point roman. The 10-set is used in casting tables in 10-point Konaldson. Superior figures indicate number of thicknesses of keyboard paper to be added to measure on caster. The measure on the spool slip is always the 6-set measure; but operators must remember that the set acale in use governs the measure to which the keyboard should be set. USEFUL INFORMATION. RULE (CUT TO 6-POBVT) IN 8-POINT TABLES. 133 S-pt. 1 em = 2 ems= 2 3ems= 4 4 ems= 5 5 ems= 6 6 ems= 8 7ems= 9$ 8 ems= lOf 9 ems= 12 10 ems= 13J llems=14 12 ems= 16 13 ems= 17} 14ems=18 15ems=20 Rule. $ 18 16 ! 7 4 20 8-pt. 6-pt. lbems=21J 17ems=22 18ems=24 19ems=254 20ems=26| 21ems=28 22ems=29i 23ems=30| 24ems=32 25ems=33i 26ems=34 27ems=36 28ems=37i 29 ems- 38} 30ems=40 Rule. 24 28 291 30i 32 331 34^ 36 371 38* 40 8-pt. 6-pt. 1* ems= 2 ems= 3^ ems= 4 ems= 6 5< K 10: 15= ems= 85 ems= 10 ems=llj ems= 12 ems=14 ems= 15$ ems= 16| ems= 18 ems= 19J P I Ht 12J 14 18 IS ems= 22 ems=23i ems= 24 ems=26 ems= 27$ ems=28 ems=30 ems=3H ems=32 ems=34 ems=36 ems=38 ems=394 30iems=40 Rule. 22 231 % 3t 30 311 32J 34 38 UNIT VALUE OF 1%-POINT RULES. [Figures preceding the periods represent ems. Figures following the periods represent units.] Set. Rules. 6 TV* 8 8i/ 2 10 101/2 12 1 0. 4 0. 4 0. 3 0. 3 0. 3 0. 3 0. 2 2 . 9 . 8 . 7 . 7 . 5 . 5 . 4 3 .13 .11 .10 .10 . 8 . 8 . 7 4 1 .15 .14 .13 .11 .10 . 9 5 1. 4 1. 1 .17 .16 .14 .13 .11 6 1. 9 1. 5 . 3 1. 2 .16 .15 .13 7 1.13 1. 9 . 6 1. 5 1. 1 1 .15 8 2 1.12 . 9 1. 8 1. 4 1. 3 1 9 2. 4 1.16 .13 1.11 1. 7 1. 5 1. 2 10 2. 9 2. 2 .17 1.14 1. 9 1. 8 1. 4 11 2.13 2. 5 2. 2 2 1.12 1.10 1. 7 12 3 2. 9 2. 5 2. 3 1.14 1.13 1. 9 13 3. 4 2.12 2. 8 2. 6 1.17 1.16 1.11 14 3. 9 2.16 2.11 2. 9 2. 2 2 1.13 15 3.13 3. 2 2.14 2.12 2. 5 2. 3 1.15 16 4 3. 6 3 2.15 2. 7 2. 5 2 17 4. 4 3.10 3. 3 3 2. 9 2. 7 2. 2 18 4. 9 3.14 3. 7 3. 3 2.12 2.10 2. 4 19 4.13 4 3.10 3. 6 2.15 2.12 2. 7 20 5 4. 3 3.14 3.10 3 2.15 2. 9 21 5. 4 4. 7 3.17 3.13 3. 2 2.17 2.11 22 5. 9 4.11 4. 3 3.16 3. 5 3. 2 2.13 23 5.13 4.15 4. 6 4. 1 3. 8 3. 5 2.15 24 6 5 4. 9 4. 4 3.11 3. 8 3 134 STYLE MANUAL. UNIT VALUE OF 6, 8, AND 10 POINT MONOTYPE CHARACTERS. 6-point. S-point. 10-point. Charac- ter. Roman. 1 Italic. Charac- ter. Roman. Italic. Charac- ter. Roman. Italic. Caps. ^aT Ca P s " Lower case. Caps. Lower case. Caps. Lower case. Caps. Lower case. Caps. Lower case. A . . 16 16 13 17 16 15 16 18 9 10 18 15 18 17 16 15 16 17 12 15 17 16 22 18 17 13 22 22 10 12 9 12 9 6 10 12 6 6 12 6 18 12 10 12 12 8 8 8 12 12 16 12 12 9 15 17 13 17 16 15 17 16 16 15 18 9 13 18 15 22 18 15 16 15 16 13 16 18 17 22 22 22 15 22 22 10 9 8 10 8 6 9 10 6 6 10 6 17 12 9 12 9 8 8 6 12 9 15 9 10 8 13 13 13 12 17 A B C D E F G H 1 14 14 12 15 14 13 14 16 9 9 16 13 16 15 14 13 14 15 11 13 15 14 18 16 15 12 18 18 9 11 9 11 9 6 9 11 6 6 11 6 16 11 9 11 11 7 7 7 11 11 14 11 11 9 13 15 12 15 14 13 15 14 14 13 16 9 12 16 13 18 16 13 14 13 14 12 14 16 15 18 18 18 13 18 18 9 9 7 9 7 6 9 9 6 6 9 6 15 11 9 11 9 7 7 6 11 9 13 9 9 7 12 12 12 11 15 A B C D E F G H I 13 13 11 14 13 12 13 15 8 9 15 12 15 14 13 12 13 14 10 12 14 13 18 15 14 11 18 18 9 10 8 10 8 6 9 10 5 6 10 5 15 10 9 10 10 7 7 7 10 10 13 10 10 8 12 14 11 14 13 12 14 13 13 12 15 8 11 15 12 18 15 12 13 12 13 11 13 15 14 18 18 18 12 18 18 9 8 7 ' 9 7 6 8 9 6 6 9 5 14 10 8 10 8 7 I 10 8 12 8 9 7 11 11 11 10 14 B C D E F G H . . j J K L M.... N O P Q R &..... T U V w.... X Y Z JB.... Z picas A I K V 91 picas H picas e AJ 7 10 11 6 A* < 7uts her r V * 8 6 9 16 13 picas Measurements given in diagram are for untrimmed sheet. 164 STYLE MANUAL. IMPOSITION OF 16-PAGE FORMS OTHER THAN DOCUMENT. In the following classes of work the imposition for a 16-page form which backs itself is the same as given on the preceding page; therefore only the size of paper, size of the trimmed book, and space between pages (head and back) are noted here. Bulletin Bureau of Standards. Paper, 30J by 41 inches; book trims to 7 by 10 inches. Head, 17 picas; back, 13 picas. Make up to paper. inches. Head, 11 picas; Census. Paper, 38 by 48 inches; book trims to 9 by back, 11 picas. Make up to paper. Fish Bulletin. Paper, 31 by 45^ inches; book trims to 7$ by 11 inches. Head, 17 picas; back, 13 picas. Make up to paper. General order. Paper, 21 by 32 inches; book trims to 5| by 7| inches. Head, 11 picas; back, 9 picas. Make up to paper. Monthly Catalogue of Public Documents. Paper, 24 by 38 inches; book trims to 5f by 9 inches. Head, 12 picas; back, 11 picas. Make up to paper. Opinions of the Attorney General. Paper, 24 by 38 inches; book trims to 5 by 9| inches. Head, 13 picas; back, 12 picas. Make up to paper. Session laws Statutes. Paper, 32 by 48 inches; book trims to 7f by 11^ inches. Head, 17 picas; back, 15 picas. Make up to paper. Supreme Court briefs, and all court-decision measures that trim to octavo. Paper, 24 by 38 inches; book trims to 5 by 9& inches. Head, 12 picas; back, 11 picas. Make up to paper. DOCUMENT. IMPOSITION OF 32-PAGE (TWO SIXTEENS) FORM WHICH BACKS ITSELF. 3 Paper, 38 by 48 inches; book trims to 5| by 9| inches. va A picas 8 <26J> < 8> 'S< H <> 1H < 8> Hi < 8 > picas picas r? picas picas picas picas picas picas V *Z 93 83 \Z ZZ LZ 93 3 t; ; ; 17 32 29 20 19 30 31 18 ^ 2 ,.3 Ji 8 6 3L 9 N}; 9 U 01 4 oo o V'H, 1 16 13 4 3 14 15 2 picas i /\=g Measurements given in diagram are for untrimmed sheet. IMPOSITION. 165 OCTAVO COVER. Four-page form which backs itself, and which prints on a sheet 25 by 20 or 12 by 20 inches, and can be used on all books up to 300 pages on 38-pound paper. 25 inches 5| inches + back Grippers Heads all out. Ten and three-fourths inches from center to center the long way. Five and five-eighths inches from center to center the narrow way. The thickness of the book to be added to this. Trim stock to 19 1 inches (one side). 166 STYLE MANUAL. OCTAVO COVER. Four-page, two-up, which prints on a sheet 20 by 25 inches, and which can be used on all books up to 300 pages on 38-pound paper. 2 5 inches Grippers $ 1 4 1 4 5| ins + back < 12 inches 1 Si fj 13 C : * DO s o| V s 8 3 8 Heads all out. Ten and three-fourths inches from center to center the long way. Twelve and one-half inches from page 1 to second page 1. Five and five-eighths inches from center to center of companion pages. The thickness of the book to be added to this. Trim stock to 19| by 241 inches. IMPOSITION. 167 OCTAVO COVER. Four-up, which prints on a sheet 20 by 25 inches, and which can be used on all books up to 300 pages on 38-pound paper. 25 inches G rippers A HEAD HEAD 12J inches I A 1 91 55 HEAD HEAD . j Heads all one way. Ten inches from head to head. Twelve and one-half inches from side to side. Trim stock to 20 by 24| inches. 168 STYLE MANUAL. OCTATO COVER. Pages 1 and 2 (three to a sheet) which prints on a sheet 20 by 25 inches, and which can be used on all books of from 300 to 1,500 pages on 38-pound stock. 25 inches 1 < G rippers 17J inches i Page 2 is omitted when the first side is printed. To back up, take out page 1 and insert page 2, Heads all out. Seventeen and one-fourth inches from center to center the 25-inch way of the sheet. Ten and three-fourths inches the 20-inch way of the sheet. Trim stock to 19| by 24| inches. IMPOSITION. 169 OCTAVO COVER. Single page, three-up, which prints on a sheet 20 by 25 inches, and which can be used on all books of from 300 to 1,500 pages on 38-pound stock. 25 inches Grippe rs HEAD inches HEAD Seventeen and one-fourth inches from center to center the 25-inch way of the sheet. Ten inches from head to head the 20-inch way of the sheet. Trim stock to 19J by 24J inches. 64061 22- -12 170 STYLE MANUAL. COVER FOR BULLETIN BUREAU OF STANDARDS. Four- page, which prints on a sheet 20 by 25 inches; book trims to 7 by 10 inches. 25 inches Grippers - 15 inches * i or 33 8 1 i V K> . Heads all out. Fifteen inches from center to center the long way. Six and seven-eighths inches from center to center of companion pages. The thickness of the book to be added to this. Trim stock 19} by 24J inches. IMPOSITION. 171 SENATE AND HOUSE CALENDARS. IMPOSITION OP 8-PAGE FORM WHICH BACKS ITSELF. Paper, 24 by 32 inches; book trims to 7 by 10J inches. Grippers picas < 36 picas > picas A S3 si , v 1 c ; I [ <14> 1 picas i \ / ( 9 1 o picas Measurements given in diagram are for untrimined sheet. Ag ^ VO4 picas IMPOSITION OF OTHER 8-PAGE FORMS WHICH BACK THEMSELVES. In the following classes of work the imposition for 8-page forms which back them- selves is given above; therefore only the size of paper, size of the trimmed book, and space between pages (head and back) are noted here: Bills. Paper, 24 by 32 inches; book trims to 7| by lOf inches. Head, 13 picas; back, 15 picas. Make up to paper. Lights, Buoys, and Day marks. Paper, 38 by 48 inches; book trims to 7$ by 10^ inches. Head, 14 picas; back, 18 picas. Make up to paper. Advance Monthly Summary Domestic Breadstuff s. Paper, 24 by 38 inches; book trims to 9| by 11 inches. Head, 11 picas; back, 11 picas. Make up to paper. 172 STYLE MANUAL. BROAD. IMPOSITION OF 8-PAGE FORM WHICH BACKS ITSELF. Paper, 24 by 38 inches; book trims to 9 by 11 inches. 3 91 <10 picas > A , c ._ I _, V s L A i "5, CO V 3 6 A Cuts here Q "A eo V 1 8 Side Measurements given in diagram are for untrimmed sheet. <10 picas> IMPOSITION. 173 BROAD. IMPOSITION OF 16-PAGE FORM WHICH BACKS ITSELF. Paper, 24 by 38 inches; book trims to 5$ by 9^ inches. picas A 1 < 26 picas > oo picas ( CO 'I if ^ I \, 5 i picas VI picas CM / T-< H 10 CM 00 Side Measurements given in diagram are for untrimmed sheet. v-l 174 STYLE MANUAL. POST-OFFICE SPECIFICATIONS. IMPOSITION OF 4-PAGE FORM WHICH BACKS ITSELF; LEGAL FOLD. Paper, 17 by 28 inches; book trims to 8 by 13 inches. 31 picas < 42f picas > <8 > picas picas Measurements given in diagram are for untrimmed sheet only. IMPOSITION OF 8-PAGE FORM WHICH BACKS ITSELF; LEGAL FOLD. A | Paper, 28 by 34 inches; book trims to 8 by 13 inches. picas 6 8 / \ < 42| picas > picas G c 1 "i [ | ! picas picas L ,\ 9 i 'I 1! 3 1 z picas Grippers Measurements given in diagram are for untrimmed sheet. va IMPOSITION. 175 LEGAL FOLD. IMPOSITION OF 16-PAGE FORM WHICH BACKS ITSELF. AS ** p aper, 5 54 by 3 3 inches. picas < 26* picas > 8 picas i / . "5 01 ^ \ L 2 / picas Z picas 2 t- w' 1 1 01 15 ..... i "uts here I V'S, p. 81 1 2 6 16 picas Side Measurements given in diagram are for untrimmed sheet. Six inches from page to page the narrow way. A g vt 176 STYLE MANUAL. VEST-POCKET MANUAL. IMPOSITION OF 48-PAGE (THREE SIXTEENS) FORM WHICH BACKS ITSELF. Paper, 24 by 38 inches; book trims to 2f by 6f inches. picas picas picas "S | <8f> picas picas <8f> picas picas <8f> picas <3^> picas v Ofr Lfr f* ze 88 8* 68 ^ va 33 48 45 36 35 46 47 34 3 A c uts her e v' a 9S 8S J\ ZZ 92 A* ' 10 VS- ] 'H 17 32 29 20 19 30 31 18 16 13 15 Side IMPOSITION. 177 CENSUS. IMPOSITION OP 32-PAGE (TWO SIXTEENS) FORM, SHEETWISE. A Paper, 38 by 4 inches; book trims to 9 by 11 inches. <^ A picas o picas picas o, S V 93 83 IZ rf5 fte 33 ZS HH^^BI 93 S3 1-2^1 17 32 29 20 19 30 IMMMi 31 18 2A f", v'S. 31 ^ * i L 8 . I A _v|, 1 6 9 9 U Ot 16 13 4 3 14 15 2 ^WM 1 OUT SIDE F INS] DE FO KM. W vi picas ORM. Measurements given in diagram are for untrimmed sheet. 178 STYLE MANUAL. NAVY SCHEDULES. IMPOSITION OF 4-PAGE FORM WHICH BACKS ITSELF. Paper, 17 by 28 inches; book trims to 8 by 14 inches. picas < 42| picas > picas A "" Cuts here 1 4 <4f> picas Measurements given in diagram are for untrimmed sheet. ^ g V'S. STANDARD SIZES OF BOOKS. Books are usually described with regard to size of leaf, as folio, quarto, octavo, 12mo, 16mo, 32mo, etc. Folio means a sheet of paper of standard size folded once, so as to make 2 leaves or 4 pages; quarto, a sheet folded twice, so as make 4 leaves or 8 pages; and octavo, the sheet folded again, so as to make 8 leaves or 16 pages. All the other sizes are determined by the number of times the sheet is folded. Sizes of the untrimmed leaf. [Based on sheet of royal, 19 by 24 inches.] Inches. Folio 12 by 19 Quarto r 9^ by 12 Inches. Octavo 6 by 9$ 16mo 4f by 6 Standard sizes of paper. Inches. Cap 14 by 17 Double cap 17 by 28 Demy 16 by 21 Double demy. . . ; 21 by 32 Folio 17 by 22 Inches. Double folio 22 by 34 Medium *. . . . 18 by 23 Double medium 23 by 36 Royal 19 by 24 Double royal 24 by 38 ELECTKOTYPING AND STEKEOTYPING. 179 ELECTROTYPE-FOUNDRY WORK. LOGOTYPES. Imposition of lines for logotypes should be made according to their respective lengths, the shortest line first, grouping each size of type separately, according to the Insert 10 points between each separate line, additional to the size of the body upon which the line is to be mounted. This 10 points additional space is required by the finisher when sawing the lines into separates, leaving sufficient margin for final smooth shaving to point system or exact size of body desired, j fc" Observe the following samples: Sample No. 1. The following diagram shows the lockup for logotypes to be centered on any desired length of body: When in the course of When in the course of human events When in the course of human events it becomes When in the course of human events it becomes necessary When in the When in the course When in the course of human When in the course of human events Sample No. The following diagram shows the lockup for logotypes to be placed at end of slug i any desired length of body: on any When in the When in the course When in the course of human When in the course of human events it When in When in the course of When in the course of human When in the course of human events 180 STYLE MANUAL. Sample No. 3. The following diagram shows the lockup for logotypes where shoulder is required at top and bottom of type line on finished product. Inverted type must be placed at each end of line of type in cases where a shoulder is required at top and bottom of type line on the finished logotype. The inverted type is necessary for the guidance of the finisher in trimming and shaving lines to required size. WHEN IN THE COURSE g ~ WHEN IN THE COURSE OF HUMAN |3 C WHEN IN THE COURSE OF HUMAN EVENTS WHEN IN THE COURSE OF HUMA'N EVENTS IT BECOM WHEN IN THE COURSE JJJJ WHEN IN THE COURSE OF HU WHEN IN THE COURSE OF HUMAN JJJ WHEN IN THE COURSE OF HUMAN EV The form must not be made larger than the actual size of face of type or longest line. The foundry will mount the type line on any given length of slug in ems or inchea desired by the printer. Do not impose in the same form subjects of which different number of plates are required; that is, do not lock in the same form subjects requiring six, eight, or more casts of one subject and only one cast of another. The following table gives the number of times each line should be set when more than five casts of each line are required : Copies. Times set. Copies. Times set. 5 1 60...... 8 10 3 70 10 20 3 80 10 30 5 90 10 40 5 100 10 50 8 STEREOTYPING ILLUSTRATIONS WITH TEXT. If illustrations are to be made up with the text, the cuts or illustrations should be forwarded to the foundry, for mounting on metal bases, at the same time that the copy is placed in the hands of the printer. It is necessary to mount the cuts on metal bases for the purpose of properly dry- ing the mold, which is dried by heat passing through the type or other substance from the bottom upward, as wood bases would not transmit a sufficient amount of heat for the drying-out operation. By observing this rule considerable time will be saved. ELECTKOTYPING AND STEREOTYPING. 181 ILLUSTRATIONS FOR THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. Illustrations which are to appear in the Congressional Record should be mounted on metal bases. MOUNTING OF HALFTONE ILLUSTRATIONS. If halftone illustrations are to be placed in text, upon receipt of the cuts or illus- trations they should be immediately forwarded to the foundry for mounting on metal bases. USE OF NEW AND OLD RULES IN GENERAL WORK. In work where rules are used for blank lines, as in job work, new and old rules should never be used together. Use all new or all old rules in each job. PLATE DIMENSIONS. The following dimensions represent the measurement of the reverse, or back, of plates, including the bevel: Dimensions of finished electrotype or stereotype plates. Measures. Width. Length. Inches. 41 Inches. 81 Revised Statutes 5| 8- <4 9i Census 7$ 10i Sailing vessels 7? g General order 3tt 5 12mo - - - - 4 7, 4 7 Bill 4 9] Professional Pamphlet speech 6 i Obituary Record 104 Standard thickness of electrotype and stereotype plates in use in the Government Printing Office. imci cness. Diameter of press Flat. Curved. cylinder. Book... Inch. 160/1000 Inch. 183/1000 14.9 inches. Job 156/1000 Card press 236/1000 14ff inches Record . 306/1000 Speech 446/1000 14 9 inches. Harris press 183/1000 5f,7|. and llf inches. Cap press . . 177/1000 8 538 inches. Demy press 177/1000 9.811 inches. Money order Post card (new Potter) 177/1000 170/1000 6.2917 inches. 12 06 inches Harris press (remodeled) Do. Bindery stamp . 356/1000 MAXIMUM SIZE OF PLATES. The following sizes of chases are the largest which can be used for imposing forms for the foundry: Electrotyping, 24 by 30 inches; stereotyping, 19 by 24 inches. 182 STYLE MANUAL. PRESSWORK. In imposing plate forms, great care should be taken with regard to margins, guide marks, folding points, and the proper position of the signature page so far as it relates to the fold. For instance, on a thirty-two or, more properly speaking, two long six- teens the signature page of the first sixteen should be in the lower left-hand corner, next to the grippers; the signature page of the other sixteen in the lower left-hand space, on the third row. The guide mark should be so placed that it will print on the edge of the sheet exactly where the sheet touched the guide when fed in. If there is any variation in the trim of the sheet, it will be overcome by making guides and guide marks hit the sheet at the same point. The guide mark being close to the gripper indicates at once to the boxer, the folding-machine operator, or the cutter which edges of the printed sheet are to be used in making his calculations for properly forwarding the work. The guides must invariably be used on the near side, next to the feeder, for the first printing, and on the far side for the second printing. This rule applies in sheetwise work as well. If, however, the inside of the sheetwise form for any reason be printed first, the guide and the guide mark must be used on the far side of the press. Guide mark. fZl ISZl 8Z IIZI \ZZ\ \LZ\ I9Z 32 I 29 I 1 20 1 1 19 1 I 80 1 1 81 1 18 The asterisk (*) indicates the folding point. In order that the folding-machine operator may fill his hopper with several signa- tures from various presses at the same time, it is advisable on all work of the same size to maintain the same guide margins. For example, on the thirty-twos, or two long sixteens octavo, the drop-guide margin should be 8f inches from the top of the run- ning head line, on the row of pages next the grippers, to the gripper edge of the sheet and fifteen-sixteenths of an inch from the side of type to the side-guide edge of sheet. The same measurements apply to a half form, sixteen octavo, except that the appli- cation is reversed, fifteen-sixteenths of an inch on the gripper margin and 8f inches from top of running head to side guide, and so on in all multiples of octavo make-ups. On quarto, census, statutes, speech, specifications, and the various other forms in use these margins vary and should be 6 points more than the center cut either way unless otherwise specified. (See directions for margin, pp. 161 and 162.) A 32-page octavo, or two long sixteens, is the most difficult layout now in use in the office, with the possible exception of the Use Book (48 pages). The first and most important move is to find the proper gripper margin. Taking it for granted that the base is clear of catches, put on page 3, if you are working with the first signature, at the gripper edge, twenty-three twenty-fourths of an inch to the right of the center of the base and approximate its distance from the gripper edge, which should be 8f inches from the running head on the plate to the edge of the sheet. Page 1 should be laid to the extreme left of base, 24 inches from the left side of page 3 to the left or folio side of page 1. Page 4 should be laid 11 picas to the left of page 3, and page 2 to the extreme right of base, 24 inches from the right or folio side of page 4 to the right or folio side of page 2. Then lay in pages 16, 13, 14, and 15 in positions centering on the multiple of 24; that is, 8 picas between pages 1 and 16, 13 and 4, 3 and PEESSWORK. 183 14, 15 and 2; 11^ picas between 16 and 13, 14 and 15. The first, or gripper, row now being complete, lay page 8 directly over page 1, with 8 picas between heads. Directly above page 8 lay page 17, with the head 19 inches from the head of page 1, and above this lay page 24, with 8 picas between heads, and the head of the upper page (24) 19 inches from the head of page 8. If the pages now laid are in perfect alignment, the I ^-Folding point. Gripper edge. pressman has two sides of a perfect square as a guide for the layout of the other rows, and the remainder of his task is simple. The principle involved in this layout can be readily applied to any form made up on these bases. The measurements will be different, of course, but the procedure will be identical. SHEETWISE FORMS. The layout illustrated below is the standard for regular sheet wise forms. It will be noticed that page 1 is laid opposite the grippers and not next to them, as the thirty- twos are laid. Feed to near guide on outside form. This is done to suit the folding machines. Grippers. The Blue Book make-up is similar to census, except that the head and back margins should be 10 picas each. Too much care can not be exercised in the maintenance of proper margins on patent bases. ^ Experience has shown that a variation in bevels on plates often necessitates the shifting of a page here and there on the base to obtain a perfect register. When the next form is dropped into the position indicated by the catches, another variation in bevels makes another shift necessary. If the catches thus moved are not brought 184 STYLE MANUAL. back into position each time a new set of plates is put on and the marginal gauges and rule applied, the pressman soon discovers that his form has spread to such an extent that it does not compare with his original, or pattern, sheet. The same is true of the drop-guide margin. When registering a sheet that has been exposed overnight to moisture or extreme heat, it is often necessary to move these guides. If they are not readjusted on the next form, the chances are that the 8| inches from top of running head line to edge of sheet has stretched to 9 inches or shrunk to 8$, thus causing a readjustment of the folding-machine gauges and a loss of time, to say nothing of a spoil- age, if the variation is not quickly discovered by the folding-machine operator. Inset forms, before being issued to the pressman, will be prepared in the order in which they are to be laid, and they should always be laid as received. Pressmen and those detailed to keep a standard color should examine all sheets of the book under the same light. If a correction is to be made in a portion of a form requiring the unlocking and pulling out of such form on the bed of the press,' the pressman will do the unlocking and place the form in such a position as will secure its safety and at the same time be as convenient as possible for the corrector. The pressman should also replace the form and lock it up again. PAPER. The pressman must always examine the paper delivered to him to see that it corre- sponds with the issue blank in quality, color, size, and quantity, the latter to be approximated, for he is not supposed to count any but the broken part of a ream. It sometimes happens that one shipment of paper is off-color, and if this becomes mixed with another shipment the difference will be clearly apparent in the com- pleted book. WEB LAYOUTS. Potter web Document. OUTSIDE CYLINDER. INSIDE CYLINDER. For 8 pages duplicate. 81458145 72367236 For 16 pages. 9 8 1 16 13 4 5 12 10 7 2 15 14 3 6 11 For 24-page inset. 5 20 18 7 9 16 14 11 For 32-page inset. 17 8 1 24 21 4 5 20 18 7 2 23 22 3 6 19 13 12 9 16 13 12 9 16 14 11 10 15 14 11 10 15 25 8 1 32 29 4 5 28 26 7 2 31 30 3 6 27 i; 16 9 24 21 12 13 20 18 15 10 23 22 11 14 19 For 40-page inset. 33 8 1 40 37 4 5 36 34 7 2 39 38 3 6 36 25 16 9 32 29 12 13 28 26 15 10 31 30 11 14 27 21 20 17 24 21 20 17 24 22 19 18 23 22 19 18 23 For 48-page inset. 41 8 1 48 45 4 5 44 42 7 2 47 46 3 6 43 33 16 9 40 37 12 13 36 34 15 10 39 38 11 14 35 25 24 17 32 29 20 21 28 26 23 18 31 30 19 22 27 For 56-page inset. 49 8 1 56 53 4 5 52 50 7 2 55 54 3 6 51 41 16 9 48 45 12 13 44 42 15 10 47 46 11 14 43 33 24 17 40 37 20 21 36 34 23 18 39 38 19 22 35 29 28 25 32 29 28 25 32 30 27 26 31 30 27 26 31 For 64-page inset. 57 8 1 64 61 4 5 60 58 7 2 63 62 3 6 59 49 16 9 56 53 12 13 52 50 15 10 55 54 11 14 51 41 24 17 48 45 20 21 44 42 23 18 47 46 19 22 43 33 32 25 40 37 28 29 36 34 31 26 39 38 27 30 35 PKESSWORK. 185 Potter speech Document. For 8 pages duplicate. 18541854 27032763 For 16 pages. 1 If, 9 8 3 14 11 6 2 15 10 7 4 13 12 5 For 32-page inset. 21 12 1 32 17 16 5 28 3 30 19 14 7 26 23 10 22 11 2 31 18 15 6 27 4 29 20 13 8 25 24 9 1836 Hoe web Speech. For 8 pages. 836 274527 For 16 pages. 1 16 3 14 5 12 7 10 2 15 4 13 6 11 MISCELLANEOUS LAYOUTS. The Record layout varies according to the number of pages. Congressional Record. For 8 pages. 1854 3672 For 16-page inset. 1 16 13 4 5 12 9 8 3 14 15 2 7 10 11 6 Goss press 4148 Layouts. Four sixteens. INSIDE. 12 1 16 5 12 1 16 5 a 6 15 2 11 6 15 2 11 5 16 1 12 5 16 1 12 11 2 15 6 11 2 15 6 14 7 10 3 14 7 10 3 4 9 g 13 4 9 8 13 3 10 7 14 3 10 7 14 13 8 9 4 13 8 9 4 21 1 23 Two twenty-fours. 9 22 3 16 9 22 3 16 ' 15 4 21 10 15 4 21 10 8 23 2 17 8 23 2 17 d 18 1 24 7 18 1 24 7 5 14 11 20 5 14 11 20 ~ 19 12 13 6 19 12 13 6 One thirty-two. 14 11, 23 26 10 7 27 30 6 3 31 18 2 15 19 22 II & J i 16 32 17 5 4 28 29 9 8 24 25 13 12 Two thirty-twos. 28 j 32 13 20 9 24 5 -f 6 23 10 19 14 31 2 27 5 32 20 13 24 9 28 27 10 23 14 19 2 31 6 22 7 26 3 30 15 18 11 ~ 12 17 16 29 4 25 8 21 11 26 7 30 3 18 15 22 21 16 17 4 29 8 25 12 Forty-eight pages. 9 46 3 28 21 34 15 40 2 39 16 33 22 27 4 45 10 20 35 14 41 8 47 2 29 C 30 1 48 7 42 13 36 19 17 38 11 44 5 26 23 32 3 X 31 24 25 6 43 12 37 18 Sixty-four pages. 2 39 26 47 18 55 10 63 64 9 56 17 48 25 40 1 13 60 & 36 29 44 21 52 51 22 43 30 35 6 59 14 28 45 20 53 12 61 4 37 38 3 62 11 54 19 46 27 23 50 15 58 ' 34 31 42 25 41 32 33 8 57 16 49 24 64061 22- -13 186 STYLE MANUAL. For the guidance of those who have doubts concerning the proper pages to drop out in fractional parts of sixteens, the following forms have been arranged: EH EH EH EH Grippe rs i EH EH EH E3 EH Grippers EH EH EZ EH EH EZ EH to I I co EH Fourteen pages, blank in front. EH Grippers H EH H EH EH Drop four pages out of center to make a twelve out of a sixteen. Grippers EH I I :N to I I co Two fours. BOOKBINDING. 187 Grippers E3 EH Long eight. Work and turn (64 pages) for parallel fold 38x48 sheet. This form is used on drill books and other work that trim less than 4 // x6 // . Grippers. BOOKBINDING. The styles of binding in the Government Printing Office embrace paper-cover work, cut-flush work, manifold work, cloth work in its various branches, and full and half leather work, each style comprising many forms. Pamphlet work includes stitching by wire, covering, and trimming. The cover page should register correctly with the inside title-page. In trimming, if pattern is not furnished, the margins must correspond to the rules for making-up given on pages 161 and 162. Cut-flush work is work on which all binding is done prior to trimming, including stub and form work. Manifold work is a style of binding peculiar to itself, some having squares and others being cut flush. It is generally received in the bindery collated and numbered. When not numbered by the presses, it is numbered on the numbering machines in the bindery. Manifold work is stitched with wire through a lined board hinged by a linen guard. In half -bound leather-case work, the books are prepared the same as full cloth. The cases being made in parts, the same preparations for board cutting are followed as in cloth cases. 188 Blank-book Work. STYLE MANUAL. The methods of binding blank books differ greatly from those of binding printed work. The operations generally required for a blank book are ruling, numbering, indexing, forwarding, and finishing. The principal styles of binding used on blank work are half russia, full russia, full canvas, and russia ends and bands. The principal sizes are cap, demy, double cap, double demy, medium, double medium, royal, and superroyal. Blank books are covered in various ways, such as full leather, full canvas, half leather, and russia ends and bands; the operations covering full leather and full can- vas being almost identical. Half -russia work is only different in that the sides and backs are put on separately. if sheets have been ruled and printed, they are folded into sections (not signa- tures) of from four to six sheets, according to the thickness and weight of the paper the sheets constituting a section being folded at one time. The most recent method of sewing blank books, not including machine sewing, entails the use of patent guards, each section being sewed on an independent guard before sewing together, which insures a perfectly flat opening of the book. The operation on russia ends and bands, designated "R. E. & B.," differs consider- ably from full and half bound work, requiring greater time for completion. The full canvas or duck blank book is finished in the same manner as a full-russia book in so far as general operations are concerned, except that ink is used for lettering and embellishing. The finishing of a half-russia blank book differs from a full-bound book in that the book requires cloth or paper sides similar to the siding of printed work, the operation being performed in the same manner. The " R. E. & B." book differs from any of the others, both in respect to style and the execution of work, and is in a manner the combination of russia and sheep finish- ing, the russia being finished in gold and the flesher in blanking. If blank books are indexed through, they should be graduated as follows: Scale for indexing. Index letters. Number of leaves allotted to each letter in books of from 50 to 400 leaves. 50 60 70 80 100 120 5 9 9 5 4 4 5 9 2 3 5 5 9 4 4 4 4 C] 1 1 I 2 132 5 10 10 5 4 4 5 10 2 3 5 5 10 4 4 5 o 5 10 5 2 2 '? 2 2 150 176 6 12 12 6 6 6 6 14 2 4 6 6 14 6 6 8 1 8 14 6 3 3 14 1 3 3 200 8 15 15 8 7 7 8 16 2 4 8 8 16 6 6 7 2 7 16 7 2 2 16 1 3 3 222 256 10 18 18 10 10 10 10 18 3 5 10 10 1 8 10 3 12 20 12 3 3 20 1 3 3 274 300 350 14 27 27 13 12 12 13 28 4 ll 13 28 10 10 13 5 13 26 14 6 26 1 5 5 400 A.. 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 O 1 1 2 2 4 1 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 4 4 3 2 2 3 4 1 I 2 4 2 2 2 1 2 4 3 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 5 5 2 2 2 2 6 1 1 3 3 6 2 2 2 1 3 6 3 > 3 5 6 3 3 3 3 6 1 2 3 3 6 3 3 3 1 3 6 3 1 1 6 1 1 1 4 7 7 4 4 4 4 7 1 2 4 4 7 3 3 4 4 4 2 7 J 2 2 6 12 12 5 5 5 5 12 2 3 5 5 12 4 4 6 2 6 12 6 2 2 12 1 2 2 10 16 17 8 8 8 8 18 2 4 9 9 18 6 6 8 2 9 18 9 2 2 18 ^ 3 3 11 20 20 10 9 9 10 20 3 6 11 11 22 8 8 It) 3 12 22 10 3 3 22 1 5 5 12 22 - 22 10 10 10 10 22 6 11 11 25 8 8 12 5 12 24 10 o 6 24 1 5 5 16 30 30 16 14 14 16 32 4 8 16 16 32 11 11 13 5 14 32 14 5 6 32 1 6 6 B C... D E... F G H I J... K L... M N P Q.: R s T u V... w x Y z These indexes are made of leather, cloth, or paper, and are of two kinds, "cut-in" and "extended." For a "cut-in" index the pages are cut according to the scheme desired and the index letter pasted inside of the book. In an "extended index" the pages are not cut, but tabs are attached to the pages in a manner that will expose the letters without making it necessary to open the book. COMPOUND .AND NONCOMPOUND WORDS. COMPOUND WORDS. (See also Age, Bonds and stocks, and Percentage, pp. 31 and 32.) Follow Webster's New International Dictionary generally in the use or omission of the hyphen or space between words. The List of compound words (p. 190) and Geologic ages, etc. (p. 15), are inserted for convenient reference. They show some vari- ations which are to be followed. Compound adjectives generally take the hyphen. all-round man. joint-stock company. 35-candlepower lamp, asked-for opinion. light-green color. " 75-horsepower engine, contested-election case. national-bank note or notes. 12-inch main, cotton-boll weevil. sea-island cotton. f-inch pipe, iron-ship builder. State-bank note or notes. ten 10-horsepower cars. Do not confuse a qualifying word with a subject word; for instance, a shoemaker, a wooden-shoe maker. Also observe the following forms: Young school-teacher, common-school teacher, high-school teacher, public-school teacher; distinguished- service medal, real-estate broker, navy-yard employee, etc. A present or past participle with a noun or an adjective may take a hyphen in such expressions as the following: Always wind -obeying deep; well-dealing countrymen; dark-working sorceress; soul-killing witches; fool-begged patience, etc. Adverbs ending with "ly " are not usually compounded with the adjectives which they qualify, as a "nicely kept lawn." But words like "above," "ill," "well," U PO, " etc., are compounded in such expressions as "the well-known writer," "the so-called tariff reform, " " this ill-advised expenditure,' ' "the last-named article, " etc. Fractions, when spelled, should be compounded: One twenty-first, one-fifth, eighty- one one-hundredths, one one-hundredth, the one-hundredth part, one one-hundred- and -twentieth, two one-hundred-and-twenty-sixths. Do not use hyphen in expressions like one half and the other half, one sixth to John and the other sixth to James. When used adjectively, the expressions "first-class," "second-class," etc., are to be hyphenated; otherwise they should be printed as two words: A first-class passage, a first-class man, a man of the first class, a work of the second class, etc. In such expressions as the "January-June period," "Washington-Baltimore im- provement," etc., when used adjectively, use hyphens; but to indicate the elision of the word "to," in such expressions as "the period January-June," use an en dash. Mr. So-and-so. NONCOMPOUND WORDS. Omit the hyphen in civil and military titles, as Attorney General, Postmaster General, Paymaster General, brigadier general, lieutenant colonel, etc. Omit the hyphen in such Latin forms as "an ex officio member, " "ante bellum days," "prima facie evidence," "per diem employees," etc.; and also in such cases as " ocean mail lines," " railway rate legislation." Omit the hyphen in abbreviated terms except "eec.-ft." Omit hyphens in short titles of acts, bills, and laws, as pure food law, interstate commerce act, etc. 189 LIST OF COMPOUND WORDS. WORD FORMS IN GENERAL USE. Explanation of the List. Two-word fornis. These forms are not shown in this list except in a few cases, used for purposes of illustration. Prefixes. Prefixes are in bold-faced type. Suffixes. Use the hyphen with a suffix preceded in this list by a short dash. If no dash precedes the suffix, make one word, as, backache, backbite; blue-bellied, blue-ribboner. Words taking the suffix "like" should be one word, unless ending in "11," when a hyphen should be used, as shell-like, etc. Class ivords omitted. "Rest take hyphen," "rest one word," means that words of the same class, but not contained in this list, should be solid or hyphened as shown in the dictionary. Terms not shown there are generally two- word forms, except where they are temporarily joined to make a compound adjective. Example: True blue (two words); true-blue loyalty (true blue temporarily an adjective). Abbreviations. The abbreviations (a.), for adjective; (adv.), for adverb; (n.), for noun; or (v.), for verb after a word restrict the use of the word to the part of speech indicated. Uniformity of treatment. For the sake of appearance, it may be necessary sometimes to treat alike words which, if widely separated, would have different forms, as, for example, time-work and piecework. Appearing in juxtaposition, these and similar words may be made uniform, either by inserting the hyphen in one or taking the hyphen out of the other, as seems best for the time being. When this is done it should be understood that it is only a temporary expedient for the job in hand and does not supersede the list as here given. Completeness of the list. The words printed here, taken in connection with the accompanying statements, "rest one word," "rest take hyphen," form practically the entire collection found in Webster's New International Dictionary, current edition. A. aard -vark -wolf abat-vent able (prefix) -bodied -bod led ness -minded -mindedness whackets about-sledge above board deck ground stairs rest take hyphen, absciss-layer absent -minded -mindedly -mindedness acid -proof (a.) -fast (a.) acre -dale -foot man staff actino after contd. alcohol contd. all contd. -chemistry -supper ometer -round -electricity rest one word, ometry seed rest one word, acute-angled except after sails. ophilia spice where aftmost ale work adder bolt fish agateware ahorseback aid-de-camp bench berry bush Conner alleyway almond-eyed alms (prefix) -footed -spit wort air bound (a.) -built cost hoof house all one word , except alms fee and alms land. craft tap along adder's -fern -flower -drawn -dried -driven (a.) taster whap wife ships shore side -grass -dry yard -meat -floated (a.) alkalimeter alpen -mouth -line (a.) glow -spear lock (v.) all horn -tongue man ohydrogen -around stock addle (prefix) plane -father altar plot -slaked -fatherhood piece rest take hyphen. -tight -tightness -fired -firedly good ways wise afore (prefix) all one word. way -hail (v.) hallow alto -cumulus aitch hallowmas -relievo after (prefix) bone hallown -stratus -born piece heal alumroot -dinner -might amidships -mentioned (a.) -shine alcohol imeter -mouth -overish amperemeter amperemeter -stampable (a.) meter -possessed amylamine 190 LIST OF COMPOUND WORDS. 191 amylo (prefix) all one word, anchor-hold andiron aristo all one word, except aristo paper. axletree aye -aye green badger -legged weed baff-end bar contd. keeper maid man master angel -eyes arm chair B. bag gala mote post hood hole bab-root hash room ship let babyhouse -leaves tender angel's-trumpet pit rack back man nut way wise angle berry armor ache -acting pipe piper wood -wound meter -bearer -angle i j piping pod site -clad -piercing band bite reef room bare (prefix) all one word. twitch wing wise -plated arrow biter biting -blocker wig wigged worm barge board worm beam board couple anglo (prefix) all one word: head headed leaf bone boned cap baggage man -master course man followed by root cast (n.) -smasher bark cap, use hy- phen, anise root stone -toothed wood -cast (a.) chain door (a.) bailpiece bain-marie bound ometer ankle worm arsesmart down (n.) fall bake board barley bize -cutter arteriosclerosis -fire (v.) house U Agg break jack artillery -firing (n.) flap shop stone brake -bree ant man ship -focus balancewise corn acid arctic ash fold friend bald barmy-brained eater berry furrow crown barn when meaning -colored gammon -faced burner anti, all one -leaved ground head storm er word. weed hand -headed (a.) storming ante all one word: followed by capi A < use hy- wort ashipboard astro (prefix) all one word . handed hander heel house money pate -pated -patedness rib yard barrenwort barring-out (n.) basal-nerved phen (ante bellum, ante mortem, two athwart -hawse rest one word. lash lashing lO? bale fire base ball board words). a-tiptoe lUg piece wort bora anti auto plate ball -bred -hog cholera -hog-cholera se- rum bus -da-fe -immunization rack -racket -raking fish -flower proof -court -level (v.) msn -icteric -infection rope room -imperialism -injunction -inoculation -intoxication saw set stock weed -mindedness -trade rest one word, unless followed by cap. when -ophthalmoscope -oxidation -sight truck setting settler shift side (the rump) band box case basket -flower -hilted wood use hyphen. rest one word. slide master work anvilfaced autumn-spring slider sliding -shaped bas-relief any (prefix) all one word. avant (prefix) all take hy- staff stairs (a.) string -tailed work bass -bar phen. stamp wood apple drane away-going stay stick bandy ball basse-taille basso-relievo drone jack John root -wife band some -stricken -strike -struck stitch stock strap -strapped string stroke -bandy -legged man bane berry bat fish -fives fowl fowler aqua (prefix) awl sword wort fowling all one word . aqueo-igneous -shaped wort swording swordman tack bang tail horse man -money arc ax ward tailed (a.) -mule v -boutant -doubleau breaker fitch . wash washer bank man wing bath arch, archi (pre- hammer water side flower fix) man way -sided house all one word. seed woods room stone woodsman bar tub argillaceo, or ar- tree word bated gillo (prefix) unge worm berry bats take hyphen. weed wort fish man argus-eyed wort badgeman goose wing 192 battering-ram bed contd. -molding battle pan -ax plate dore post plane quilt ship rid stead ridden wise right bawdyhouse rite rock bay -antler berry room screw side bolt bush gall head site sore spread staff man wood stead stock beach man straw tick master ticking time bead ward -flush way house bee man roll bread head -ruby work herd hive beads man woman house keeper keeping master beak head way weed iron wort be-all beech beam drops bird nut filling -trawl (v.) beef eater bean head feast weed steak -witted wood bear beer foorrv house bind pull bine coot herd hound -lead bees wax wing winged (a.) skin beetle -tongue ward wood -browed bung head wort -headed bear's -bane stock stone -bed weeo. -breech before -ear hand -foot said -head time -paw -thread behind hand beau sight catcher clerk bel-esprit montague bell bind bed bottle bug -faced chair flower chamber clothes hanger hanging cord house cover man fast mouth fellow -mouthed flower gown -shaped -the-cat key -tongue STYLE MANUAL. bell contd. topper ware wether wort belle-mere belles-lettres belly ache band blind -bound -god pinch -pinched benchman beriberi bl -iliac -ischiatic rest one word, bibble-babble big -eye -eyed -gaited head horn root thatch wig wigged bill beetle board broking bug fish head hook man poster sticker billet -doux billingsgate billy boy cock hood bind with wood bird bolt call catcher catching clapper -egg -eyed -foot gaze hood lime -mouthed seed vetch weed -witted bird's -beak -bill birth day land less mark night place right root wort bitstock bitter bark blain bloom bump bush head nut root sweet weed wood worm wort black back -backed ball band belly -bellied berry bird birder birding -blooded board boy breast -breasted -browed butt cap coat cock -eyed -faced feet fellow -figured fin fish fisher fishing foot friar guard head -headed heart -hearted jack lead (v.) leg letter (a.) list (v.) mail mailer mailing -mark -marker -eye -foot -mouth -nest (a., v.) -nesting -pepper -tongue moor mouth -mouthed neb poll pot root salter -sander black contd. thorn tongue tree wash (v.) water wood work wort bladder fish nose wort blade bone blameworthy blancmange blastplate blear eye -eyed -eyedness -witted blendwater blightbird blind ball eyes fast fish fold folded folder -loaded stitch story weed worm -your-ey IJ honey contd. suckled sweet horse contd. mint play buckle back backed -hoe land -bean -bread -tongued ware (plant) -pipe pond berry hugger-mugger lander fennel wood power -mindedly -mindedness -muck-a-muck -garlic -grass madder wort hood pox -racing (a.) -radish human hood kind road -spiritedness -meat hogshead c&p wink wort rake shoe shoer hump back stepper way wayman rest take hy- phen. hoist away way hoity-toity hokey-pokey hoof bound print rot hook tail way weed whip whipper woman backed -shouldered humpty-dumpty hunch back hill hold -billed womanship backed berry oil -nosed wood bird all back -weed hose-in-hose hundred man fast worm fold side top out hooky-crooky hot bed -pounder (mili- tv/^f woman wort up holder fnrth hoop stick wood -blooded -brain -brained tary) weight hunger-bit hind lortn -up hop -drawn hunts berry holewort -about foot TlPRfl man -brain -gut most hollow -hearted bine scotch -toad neati -headed -hoof house woman huntsman's sight hip halt -hop shot wort hippety-hoppety -heartedness -horned hollyhock holus-bolus holy day stone vine (n.) -vine (a.) yard horn beak beam bill blende -press -presser -roll -short -shortness -shot -spirited spur -cup -horn (plants) hunt's-up (tune) hurdy-gurdy hurly-burly hurricane-decked husbandman hydra-tainted hippo (prefix) all one word. hit -and-miss (a.) -or-miss (a.) home -born -bound -bred -brew block blower book -eved fish -mad spurred -tempered houndfish hound's-tongue (weed) hourglass hydro (prefix) airplane biplane economics -extract -extractor -brewed -madness house monoplane hoar come -pie ball the rest one frost -coming pipe -boat (v.) word. stone -driven plant bote hobbyhorse hob flnd-nob -felt -keeper -keeping stay stone swoggle bound break (v.) breaker hyper (prefix) all one word, unless followed goblin nail nailed land likeness made tail tip work breaking builder carl by cap, when use hyphen. nob hocus-pocus hodgepodge sick sickness spun stead worm wort horny -handed father ful -headship heating hypo -ellipsoid -iodites -iodous hO6 stead er head hold -isotonic cake ward horror-stricken holder the rest one down wort horse holding word. back keep (v.) hog back homo (prefix) all one word bane -chestnut keeper keeping I. ice -backed except homo -eye leek berg -bed -bite -brace -bull mensura. hone stone wort fight fish flesh flower line maid master mate blink -bone bound -brook chain fly mating -cold choker -colt honey balls foot -guardsman mother ridden craft fall fish bee hair room -fern -frame berry haired smith fish -maned -mouthed -nose comb -combing dew head (fish) herd hide top warm (v.) warming -flower -free land nose (snake) nut pen score dewed drop -lipped moon hoof (plant) jockey laugh laugher wife work wright how man quake work ideal-realism (n.) skin -mouthed laughter beit sty pod leech -do-you-do (n.) ileo wash -pot load ever -ileostomy (n.) weed -stalks man soever the rest one wort suckle manship hubble-bubble word. 206 STYLE MANUAL. Ill iron contd. Jaw Jolly kid -advisedly -headed bone -boat -glove -affected ness -hearted breaker head -gloved -favoredly man fall tail -humoredly master fallen kidney -mannered ly -mold (v.) fish jolter -root -mindedness monger foot head -shaped -naturedly mongering footed headed wort -naturedness -shod . -locked headedness -temperedly -shot smith joulemeter kill temperedness -sick -cow -treat side(n.) Jay journey crop -wilier -sided (a.) hawk man deer -wish (v.) smith woman -devil -wisher stone . work -joy adjectives take ware "weed judge-made -pot hyphen. weed imp-pole wood jug kiln work Jelly fish -dry (v.) in -worked fish -fishing (n.) eye -and-in -and-out worker working leaf jerkinhead junkman hole rib -clearer wort jury stick -clearing -going islesman -build (v.) man-rigged woman tree rest one word. ivory -builder kind incense-breathing bill -billed (a.) -built jet-black juxta (prefix) -ampullarv -hearted -heartedness Inch meal pin -SB. wood jew bush -tropical rest one word. king -at-arms bird worm india-rubber (a.) infantryman ivy bells berry fish stone K. kangaroo's-foot bolt craft cup Infra (prefix) -auricular -axillary -esophageal -red rest one word, inglenook -leaved wood wort J. jack -a-dandv -among-the-maids ass jewel house weed jew's -ear -harp (plant) keel bill bird -bully fat haul fish fisher -head maker -of-arms -pin -post rod Ink i- A .. -at-a-pinch -at-t he-hedge -stone jews'-thorn hauled -line wood Derry _i_ ^ bird man king's USD holder horn -booted -by-the-hedge daw jib head -header rake -rope vat (prefix for tree and plants); all take hyphen. pot fish -o-jib root stand fishing -go-to-bod-at-noon jig keep sake kins folk stone well -head in-s-box -ijog worthy (a) man people wood writer -in-office -in-the-basket -saw (v.) kelp fish woman kipskin -in-the-box jill-flirt ware kirk inn holder keeper yard internal - combus- tion (a.) Inter (prefix) all one word. -in-the-bush -in-t he-green -in-the-hedge -in-the-pulpit -in-the-water -in-trousers -jump-about leg Jim bang crack -crow (machine) sedge jingle jangle (v. ) wort ken lore mark kennel raker kernelwort kero-water man yard kiss -me -me-quick Kit-cat kitchen Intra -abdominal -light (v.) -of-all-trades -jangle jobbernowl kettle case dock -garten -maid -acinous -o'-lantern drum kite -alveolar -arterial -articular -ecclesiastical -of-the-buttery -plane (v.) pudding saw job man master mistress drummer pins key -bar flier flying kittenhearted -epithelial -imperial -vitam rest one word, screw shaft shay slave monger smith Job's-tears jogglework board -cold (a.) cold (n.) hole klipfish knap pan except intra vires. snipe stay John adreams note -seat (a.) sack sacked stone seater sacking Iron straw -apple stone weed bark -bound -cased -casing clad -tar wood -yarder jailbird johnny cake -cranes joint -stop -stringed way kick knee -breeched brush cap -fisted jar -awned -ball -cooking USSdad fly nut -bedded weed -off -out -deep -halter (v.) -hard -owl worm -up -high LIST OF COMPOUND WORDS. 207 knee contd. lack contd. lantern lead contd. letter contd. -jointed pan piece land luster lustrous -jawed man stone way work leaf -learned -learning sprung lap wort -perfect stone -tied ladder -backed board -butted leadsman press -winged (a.) way -jointed (a.) leaf -wood knife -bayonet lady -lap stone cup -red(n.) levelman adjectives take board -edge bird bug streak streaked stalk work hyphen, licker-in -edged -handle clock fish streaker -weld (v.) adjectives take hyphen. lickety -plaited (a.) -killer welded -cut smith -killing wing lean -split knight like love work -face (a.) -faced (a.) lick -errant -errant rv fish head lady's (prefix for botanic names); all take hyphen. large -acred -eyed -handed -to -witted leap penny -split -spittle lie-de-vin knight's (prefix for plants); all take hyphen, knitwork lake land side weed lamb -hearted -hearted ness -minded -mindedness -mouthed frog frogger lease hold holder lieno (prefix) -intestinal rest one word, lie-tea knob ale lark holding life stick -root kill kin -colored -heel leather blood boat weed like -heeled (a.) back cord wood -pie spur bark board -giver knock skin lasslorn bush -gi^g about away down lamb's (prefix for botanic names ) ; all take hyphen. latch key string coat -ear fish holder like long -knee head mate -kneed -off -out stone up knot Ijerry SB horn root lamp black fly light lighter -lit -post lance -leaved (a.) man pod lathe -bore (v.) reeve lathwork latter -day most lattice -leaf (n.) -headed jacket leaf neck side stocking ware wing -winged wood leave-taking rent renter -safe (n.) -saver -saving -size spring string -tide time -weary weed wood work lee work wort know land -book -bred laughingstock laughworthy laundryman angle board -bow light -armed boat -fingered -all -nothing -nothingism knuckle bone -deep -cast -end fall flood folk -grabber -grabbing law -abiding breaker breaking giver giving W3TQ way leech craft eater left -foot -footed -handed -handedness head -headed -headedness -duster grave hand -eye -hearted -joint (v.) -kneed gravine holder maker making -footed -footedness -heartedness -heeled kohl-rabi holding man -hand (a.) -horseman Ku-Klux -horse monger -handed house lady suit -handedness houseman L. lock locked -worthy lawyerlike -hander most -limbed -minded labor-saving looker n-vr -off -mindedness lac (prefix) all one word, ex- cept lac sumac and lac tree. lord louper louping (a.) lubber man lay -by (n.) -down (a.) man out ward leg-of-mutton (a.) lego-literary (a.) lemon -o'-love room ship -struck -tight lace bark leaf man nod mark owner owning -poor reeve -over stall woman lazy back -scented weed wood leopardwood leopard's-bane weight -winged -witted wood puu wing right -bed let lighter -winged woman wood -sale (a.) scape slide bones boots -alone (a.) -off man -screw lign-aloes work slip lead up lignum-vitae storm back letter lack ward hillite -bound like all -wash man head -minded brain wreck -off (n.) -high -mindedness 208 STYLE MANUAL. lily -handed lobe foot long contd. windedly lower maidservant -livered -white footed -windedriess wise mast (n.) most maiden wort lobster wool hair -tail work lug head lime -tailed wort mark hood -ash lobster's-claw adjectives take sail weed -bush hyphen. worm -juicer lock mail kiln light rock chest -down (n.) fast look down -in luke warm (a.) wannness -cheeked clad man stone wash jaw man out looker-on lumber iark -shell water out snuth looking-glass JdCK man main Much bolt spit up loop hole some yard -gauche -hamper pin pinned work holed light lump fish land lander loco work sucker mast linea all one word. lunar-diurnal past meter except loco loose pin man weed. -bodied lung prise -out -riding lode -jointed strife fish flower sail sheet -up work star stone -tongued -grown -sick spring stay line-of-battle ship stuff Inn worm top loft-dried lop ear wort topman link loftsman lunkhead boy loganberry seed lurchline major man work linsey-woolsey lint log cock fish head sided lot-tree - lotus lute -backed string lying-in -domo -generalcy -generalship lUHi Of&ft headed -eater lynx-eyed make seed stock man -eating i, r _ -belief white roll roller loud lyre man -believe fast lion fish rolling way -mouthed -voiced tail -tailed -game -peace -heart wood -ready -hearted work loup M. shift -heartedness -cervier -up like -tailed lion's (prefix for botanic names); all take hyphen. logger head headed long beak beard bill -garou -the-dike louse berry wort love machine made man macro (prefix) -axis -chemistry weight maker-up making-up malt man -back boat -distance (a.) -entangle flower rest one word. mad worm mammato-cumu- lus -born -deep ear fin lace lock -apple tor&in fish good hand head lorn -maker -brained man bot liquidambar listwork litho (prefix) all one word. -headedness horn jaw legs -lining -making mate sick sickness some cap -doctor -dog -headed house bote -eater -eating (a.) -god handle live -forever long -livedness neck nose -off worthy loving-kindness low man stone weed woman -hater hole -hunting (a.) -killer liver berry wort adjectives take hyphen, liveryman lizard's-tail load star stone loanmonger lob cock fig -grass -on pod shanks shore shoreman shucks -sightedness some someness somely (adv.) spun spur -stop -suffering -sufferance -tackle born bred -browed -down -downer land lander -lived -minded -mindedness -necked -pressure -spirited -studded -thoughted -wood wort made-up (a.) magneto (prefix) -dynamo -electric -electrical -electricity -generator -instrument -machine -optic -optical -optics (n.) -phonograph -pointer -of-war -of-war's-man root rope servant slaughter slaver slaying stealer stealing stopping (a.) trap way weed mangel-wurzel scouse tail Low -printer mantel scouser sided tail (v.) -tongue wall way -Churchism -Churchist -Churchman -telegraph -telephone -transmitter board piece shelf worm ways -Churchmansh ip rest one word. tree LIST OF COMPOUND WORDS. 209 muiitua maker making may be (adv.) bush methyl amine aniline milk -and-water(a.) bush monk -craft fish cock anthracene fish flower many BE 7 hap pop weed malonic (a.) sulphuric (a.) -grass -livered maid monger monkey plies mezzo man -board root May -relievo -sick -cup where rest take hy- bird bloom -soprano tint sop sopping -faced nut phen, maple-leaved fair fish flower tinter tinto micaceo - c a 1 c a - stone weed wood -pot -puzzle -rigged marble head fowl pole reous wort milky-hedge "ww shine tail wood work BS? micro (prefix) -erg mill -vine monkshood rest take hy- tide rest one word. board phen time dam mono Marcelwave wort mid -headed (a.) -ideism -age house -ideistic march meadow aged man rest one word. land -bright -air post man bur -Atlantic rind monte pane -past -ward land sweet wort -body -brain -carpal -run -sixpence stock -acid -jus -channel stone moon mare's meal -course work beam -nest berry day wright bill -tail man -distance wrighting blind markweed monger -earth miller's-thumb blink marker-off mouth -feather millionfold calf -mouthed -field mincemeat creeper marks man time -gut heaven mindsight -culminating manship woman mealy mouth -iron -kidney mint man -eye -eyed face -mouthed land master faced marl -mouthedness -life wort fall berry pit wing -main most (adv.) minuteman fish stone mean -movement mischief glade marlinspike -spirited -spiritedness night noon -maker -making head light marrow tune -ocean miterwort lighter bone tone -ofl lighting fat while -on mizzen UUbLUg lit -Pacific mast InvftH marsh bunker meat bird parent -point topman loveci madness -fire man -position mob man raker fish flower land mechanico-chem- ical medico (prefix) rash rib ribbed cap capped raking (a.) rise sail man all one word. riff mock seed wort maskflower meetinghouse merchantman -road -sea bird -heroic set sh&clo master -at-arms -key (v.) piece work wfVrt mere stead stone mermaid's ship shipman -side -sky stream summer -heroical -heroically mockingstock mold board -sheered shine shiner shining shiny stone wort -glove -sun warp stricken mast head house -head -purse (plants) -term -tide watch mole but struck wort man merry -water cast moor match -board (v.) -cloth -lined lock maker making wood -andrew -go-round make maker making meeting thought wing meshwork way week -wicket wife winter -workings middle -aged -class -catchirlg -eyed head hill skin wort money ball band berry burn land lander pan -sick wort mat grass weed matter-of-fact (a.) maulstick mess man mate metal man most -rate -sized weight -bound grubber grubbing -maker -making -monger moose berry wood moot maw ammonium mile -mongering(n.,a.) -hill bound (n.) organic post -quake man mouth metestick stone wise -stow worm metergram militiaman wort worthy 210 STYLE MANUAL. mop board mug house neck contd. lace night contd. shirt notch block -headed weed laced -stool board stick wort mold tide weed more wump mulberry-faced tie wear time walker wing over weed walking note pork (bird) mule -jenny (machine) needle ward book head morning -glorv tide teer wort mumble -the -peg or mumble -ty- book bush case fish nine bark -eved fold worthy now adays anights bac k -backed bunker peg mummy-cloth muscle-bound (a.) -point (a.) -pointed stone holes -killer -lived nurse hound maid -green rown musk flower woman wood pegs pence nurseryman head trooper melon rat wood work worker ne'er-do-well penny pin pins nut breaker -brown wort score cracker moth -eat mutton -chop (a.) neo (prefix) takes hyphen when followed ninnyhammer nipplewort gall hatch hook -eaten mother head -headed -logger by cap; other- wise one word. nltro (prefix) all on%word. jobber pecker -in-law wood nerve oiieii hood root no -tapper land muzzle -shaken (a.) -ball O. -of-pearl -spot wort -loader -loading wood net braider -being body cake oakberry oar motley-minded N. maker how cock veined way fish moto . -magnetic phone nail brush head -winged work wort ways where whither W1<5P -footed lock man motor -headed netsman wise weed cyclist sick never noble oars -driven (a.) wort more man man man theless -minded woman namby -mindedness mouse -colored -pamby -pambics new born (a.) woman cake -dun -ear -pambiness -pambyish comer (n.) -create (v.) nog head meal seed eared hawk -pambyism namesake -fashioned (a.) -front (v.) headed nol-pros (v.) occlplto -atlantal hole nape-crest market (n.) nolle-pros -atloid kin -model (v). -axial tail narrow -modeler (n.) non frontal trap web -heartedness -minded -name (v.) -namer (n.) -ego -pros (v.) -frontalis (n.) mastoid -mindedness rest one word, nasal mouth -spirited news unless followed parietal -blower -filling -made piece root -spiritedness ^souled adjectives take hyphen. boy -letter man monger paper by cap, when use hyphen, nonesuch temporal odd -come-short (n.) -come-shortly (n.) muck rake(v.) raker sweat naso (prefix) all one word, nation-wide navelwort paperdom print room nick noon day -flower light tide -pinnate (a.) coll -de-bceuf (n.) -de-perdnx (a.) weed worm mud fish hole nay say ward word near eared name is* head toe time north (prefix) -northeast (a.) -northwest (a.) polar (a.) off (prefix) -bear (v.) -bearer -chance (n.) -color (a.) -colored sill skipper stone -by (a.) -legged most night -blooming -seeking rest one word. -corn (n.) -drive (v.) -falling (n.) sucker weed wort sighted sightednesss cap capped dress north bound (alsoeastbound ,. * o \"-/ -glide (n.) -go (n.) -going (n ) muddle head neat -handed -eyed fall -faring southbound westbound). feV/AUK V"*^ -handed -handedly h an ded n ess -headed -headedness -handedness herd -fly (n). -foundered nose band -hitting -load muddy -brained herdness neat's-foot (a.) fowl gown bleed fish -lying -put (n.) -breast (n.) -headed -mettled neck band cloth hawk long mare ' shade gay pinch smart notwithstanding -putter (n.) -reckoning (n.) -white (a.) rest one word. LIST OF COMPOUND WORDS. 211 officeholder oftentimes ofttimes open -airishness -airness ox contd. cheek Dannierman pantryman japboat peace breaker breaking maker ohm ammeter meter oil coat cloth band (a.) bill (bird) cast -handed ly -handedness -hearted ly -heartedness -mindedness -foot (a.) gang harrow head heal heart paper bark -boy -chasing mouth (fish) shelled papier-mache making monger mongering (a.) peach blow (but peach blow referring fish -mouthedness hide para to blossom) man work hoft -anaesthesia -colored paper -working horn rest one word. wort seed skin operameter house like parrot TWkOV*! skinned (a.) stock orange man man pecker beak bill peari ash stone leaf shoe -toed , v^ -temper (v.) -tempered (v.) -tempering (v.) -tight (a.) -tightness -tongued (a.) way old (prefix) -fangled -fashion (a.) -fashioned -gentlemanly -line (a.) -maidish -soldier (v.) -time (a.) -timer wife (fish) -wifely -wifish -leaf (a.) -peel (a.) -root orang-utan orchardman organ-piano other gates (adv.) guise ness (n.) -self where while whither wise world (a.) worldliness worldly tail tongue oyster bird -green house man -shell (a.) P. pace board maker making pack house man saddle staff thread parrot's -bill -feather (plants) parti -coated -colored -membered -mortgage (n.) -mortgaged named party -coated -colored -striped -walled passageway passer-by pass Dusn -eyed fruit stone weed wort pearmonger peatwood peau-d'orange (a.) pebble -hearted stone ware peelhouse peen-to peephole pehcan's-foot (shell) pell-mell -womanish tud -out ware -key -womanly -world (a.) olive -backed -colored -and-outer bearing (n.) -book -clearer -patient wax way paddle fish wood man over port woman word wort pen craft dragon dragonish dragonship fish wood olla-podrida ~ stsrtcr rest one word, unless followed pad lock passion tidft holder omnl (prefix) all one word, omnium - gather- um on by cap; or, ad- jectively, by "of," in which case use hy- phen. nag pains taker taking worthy HQW wort past-due (a.) paste board -down knife man master rack stock trough come -coming ovate (prefix) all take hyphen. paint brush pat-a-cake wiper woman cost root patch drive (v.) fall oven bird nppl work pair wise work penny -a-line (a.) flow peei stone -oar (n.) pater -a-liner -go going (a.) wood -oared wise familias (n.) familiar (a.) cress leaf -hanger -hit (v.) lay(v.) look over -all (a.) -arm -belief pale face -faced noster path finder royal stone weight looker pall way -wise looking head bearer patrolman wort rush sea holder pattypan worth rushing seas -mall pawn penthouse set setter -sparred (a.) rest one word. palmi (prefix) all one word. broker broking pepper -shore -side (a.) owl paly-bendy (a.) shop -and-salt box slaught -eyed pan (prefix) all pay corn stead (n.) to fc one word, un- less followed by master mistress grass mint ward light cap, when use pea root -wide hyphen, except berry weed one Pan American bird wood. self -sidedly -sided ness ox bane berry and pan fish, panelwork chick -coat wort -two(n.) -two-three (n.) adjectives take hyphen, onionskin (paper) only-begotten (a.) bird biter bow boy brake i cart panic monger -mongering -strike (v.) -stricken -struck cock fowl hen -jacket nut stone pepsinhydrochlo- ric(a.) peri (prefix) all one word. 212 STYLE MANUAL. pest hole house piezo (prefix) -electric -electricity pinch beck cock Piano i pond -concave bush convex fish peter sham rest one word. fist fisted -horizontal weed -orbicular wor t wort Pig -subulate pooh-pooh petro (prefix) all one word. -back (v.) -eyed face -faced pine apple house land rest one wore . plantsman plasterwork poor platband house phenyl fish weed -spirited acetamide foot ping-pong plate spiritedness acetic head band amide amine boric glycolic -headed -headedly -headedness herd pink -eyed -sterned weed fish pop -glazed eye -roll (v.) gun way ; -over (n. glyoxylic hydrazine -jawed -jump(v.) wort platter face poppy methane i -jumper pine -faced -cock phono (prefix) all one word. maker nut pen JI|Jt? -clay(v.) -cayey head play (prefix) porkfish all one word, phospho (prefix) all one word. photo (prefix) -electric root sconce i skin stick (v.) sticker clayish fish layer laying -line (v.) except play norf - boy, play cTub, I JL O play pipe, play ciilUs n ^ ht - folio -electrical -electricity -electrograph -electrotype -engrave -engraver -engraving sticking a -tailed wash weed man stem stone vine worm plein hole -air (a.) hook -airist | man manteau pleuro (prefix) -mouthed all one word. reeve plot-proof -vent -epinastic -epinastically -epinasty -etch pigeon -breasted -hearted abed asphalt pistol plow (prefix) all one word. porte plug -bonheur -etched hole gram man -caustique -etching holer graph tray -cochere rest one word. phyllo (prefix) all one word. -toed weed wing wood -proof pit apat -ugly (n.) Dlutomania pneumato (pre- -crayon feuille -lumiere monnaie phylo (prefix) pigeon' s-blood bird all one word. \ P rterho " se all one word. fall physico (prefix) -mathematics pike man staff -headed -hole(n.) man pneuino (p r e- post (prefix) fix) -free (a.) all one word. -mortem -mathematical -philosophy -philosophical pile pan (boat) work (mining) pock house -obit -office (a.) -season -theology -theological work worm pitch blende mark marked -temporal -tonic -theologist wort -faced -traumatic rest one word fork wood -treaty pianoforte pillow -plaster (v.) pocket -tympanic pick aback ax back lock man -me-up pocket thank -up picker-up pickle -herring weed worm pie bere case pin ball -borer case cushion -eyed fallow feather featherer -fire fish flat fold head -headed stone work (mining pitter-patter place -kick (v.) -kicker man woman plain back (fabric) -spoken -spokenness tail adjectives take hyphen, plainsman book knife point -blank -device -to-point pointsman poison berry wood poke berry bonneted root weed pole rest one word (unless fol- lowed by cap, when use hy- phen), except post auger post bag post bellum post boat post box post captain post car post card post cedar post chaise post chariot post coach post croker post day bald hold plane ax post flag -mag plant poudre hole rail tail -polarized -table (v.) -tabler ' axer burn cat post horn post horse post letter -tailed man post mill piece -toed planet star post note meal weed stricken wig post oak work worker pied-winged (a.) pierhead pierre-perdu wheel (v.) work (n.) work (v.) worm )ince-nez -struck plank -sheer (n.) ways police man woman policyholder poll-evil (n.) post office post roads post route post town post trader post truss LIST OF COMPOUND WORDS. 213 pot pretty puller -in queen fish rag man ale ash -au-feu -bellied face -pretty prick -out )ulling-out julpboard hood -post (n.) root picker shag stone tag -belly -eared 'Mlllt wood time boil -foot weed boiler -bound punch spur &DOUX -out queen's work wort boy -girl hanger herb hole hook hookerv house hunter O^l^A wood pricking-up(n.) priest craft -rid -ridden princewood puppet man master purple heart HP . wood -balm -berry -delight -flower -gilliflower -herb -lily -needlewort -root rail bird head road reader roading way hunting latch -lead (v.) leg lid luck prince's -feather (plant) printing-out (a.) prittle-prattle privateersman wort (plants) purse-proud (a.) push cart quick beam -fire -firing foot (adv.) rain band bow coat drop fall man pie poum sherd stone -valiant -valiance -valiancy -valiantly valiantry -valor waller walling pro (prefix) all one word, unless followed by cap, when use hyphen, probe-pointed prompt-book prong buck horn proof-proof (a.) put log -off -out -up putter -on -out puttyroot hatch lime sand set -sighted -sightedness silver (n., v.) step (music) thorn -witted -wittedness work (nautical) -proof (a.) storm -tight wash rake hell (a.) -off ram line (nautical) pick -walloper -walloping ware work pro to (prefix) all one word, unless followed puzzle head -headed -headedness quill back (fish) tail race rod shackle poult-de-soie by cap, when use hyphen. -monkey pye-dog work wort ram's -head pound cake -felly pseudo -apoplexy pygmyweed pyx-jury quincewort quinsywort -horn ranchman ran-tan -foolish -foot keeper man master stone -aquatic -archaic -arthrosis -axis -ervsipelas -malachite Q. quack salve salver quintuple -nerved (botany) -ribbed (botany) quirewise rapeseed rap-full (n., nauti- cal) rapid -fire (a.) -worth (n.) -monocotyledon- c[u.3rm.ir8 quit -fixer pour boire parler point ous rest one word, unless followed by cap, when use hyphen quarry -faced man -rid (n.) claim (n., v.) rent R. -firing rare bit ripe pousse-cafe rabbit raree-show poverty -stricken (a.) weed psycho (prefix) -biology rest one word. -angled -boards -bound (binding) -ear (faucet) mouth (fish) -mouthed rasp berry pod powder -blue flask public (prefix) all take hyphen. -cast (a.) -cleft (a., n.) -cut root wood rat -a-tat horn mill puck -deck -decker race -about (boat) fish line tail -posted powwow fist needle -fishes -hollow way tali -tailed ratsbane praise puckermouth m&n. master (n., v.) rack abones rat's-tail (n.) worthily worthiness worthy pre (prefix) -ice -icing pudding head -headed puddle -ball bar pace -phase (a.) -pierced -pointed -saw -sawn -sawed arock board (organ) -lashing master -o'-bones -rent (n., v.) -renter rate payer paying rattle bag -bones rest one word, unless followed by cap, when use hyphen. press Dcir puff ball -leg (bird) pug-nosed -sawing staff stretch -vine quartermaster way work yard radiate-veined (botany) box brain -brained bush head -headed board man pull official names all two words. radio (prefix) nut pate mark pack room work back devil down (music) -ofl (gun) quater -centenary -tenses rest one word, raftsman ragamuffin -pated ran root 214 STYLE MANUAL. rattle contd skull -skulled red contd. -footed ~ll 3X1(1 rifle bird fish rock contd. hair rough- contd. rider snake trap weed wort rattlesnake -handed -hard -hardened (v.) -hardness -hat head nsn man rift -sawed -sawing rose shaft staff weed wood work scuff setter shod slant -stone (v.) string -root -weed raven's-duck raw boned head -headed hoop -hot leg -legged -letter right (prefix) -about (n.) -hand (a.) -hander (n.) -handedness -mindedness rocking -chair -horse rod man -stuff -tailed -winged work(v.) wrought roughing-in hide mouth -necked ward wise wood round razor back -backed bill -billed razzle-dazzle poll root shank shirt -short -shouldered wisely wiseness adjectives take hyphen. rim roe buck stone roll back (n.) -cumulus about -arm (a.) fish headed headed ness house -iron re (prefix for again) -act skin start streak tail base -fire (a.) rinderpest -top way rolleyway line ridge (v.) -shouldered -ally -collect -cover -create -creation -creative -dress -tailed -tape (a.) -taped -taper -tapery -tapish -tapism ring -around bark (v.) bill -billed bird bolt rolling-pin roly-poly rooftree roommate root cap -mean-square tail top -up wood worm roundsman roustabout -formation -lease -tapist throat bone dove stock worm row boat -mark -present -presentation top ware (weed) wing -winged eye -fence (v.) head l6