rONTHlBITlONS ) ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY. ARTHUR S. XAPIEH, M.A., I). LITT., PH. n., HOX. LITT.l). .V'T/(//< I'ri/fcssor of English Language and Literature ami. /'/'// iln-Sa.von in tlu University of Oxford. i if tin Jir'iti*! Reprinted from tic PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S TKANSACTIONS, 1906. lalifornia gional cility PRINTED BY STEPHEN" ATST! \ S. LTD., HERTFORD. 1906. CONTRIBUTIONS OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY. ARTHUR 8. NAPIER M.A., D. LITT., PH.D., HON. LITT.D. Merton Profetsor of English Language and Literature and Rawlingonian Profesor of Anglo-Saxon in the University of Oxford. 11- df t}it British Academy. Reprinted from the PUILOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S TRANSACTIONS, 1906. PRINTED BY STEPHEN AUSTIN & SONS, LTD., HERTFORD. 1906. CONTRIBUTIONS TO OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY. By Professor A. S. NAPIEK, D.Litt. (Vice -President). ON June 3rd, 1904, and June 2nd, 1905, I read papers before the Philological Society on a number of Old English words, and Dr. Furnivall suggested that I should print my notes in the Transactions of the Society together with any additional material I thought fit to incorporate. Of the words here given the majority are hitherto unrecorded words and compounds ; a considerable number, however, are to be found in the dictionaries, but without references ; whilst other words, again, though given with references in the dictionaries, I have included for various reasons. In each case I have indicated whether the word is to be found in the three modern dictionaries, Bosworth-Toller (= BT.), Hall ( = H.), or Sweet (= S.). I have not, as a rule, included words, even though they may not be given in T., H., or S., if they are to be found in the glossaries to published texts, such as JES., Assm., LSc., NGL, JIES., WW., etc., or in Zupitza's Altenglische Glossen zu Albos Clericorum Deem, ZfdA. xxxi, 1 ; Liebermann's Gerefa, Aug. ix, 251 ; W. S. Logeman's De consuetudine monachorum, Ang. xiii, 365, etc. I have further not intentionally included words to be found in recent articles on O.E. Lexicography, such as Swaen, ES. xxvi, 125; xxxii, 153; xxxiii, 176; xxxv, 329; Wiilfing, ES. xxvi, 449 ; Pogatscher, AfdA. xxv, 1 ; Stevenson, Trans, of the Philol. Soc., 1895-8, p. 528, etc., though I may in isolated instances have overlooked the fact that words given by me are cited there. On the other hand, I have included a few words to which attention has been called by various scholars, but which, owing to their being scattered about in periodicals, may have escaped the notice of many. As to the date, the large majority are taken from MSS. of the eleventh century, but I have also included words from a few 265] [Phil. Trans. 1906. 1 2 OLD KNOL1SH J.KX1H, KAl'H Y A. S. NAl'IKK. twelfth -cent ui v MSS., as in many cases these are copies of eleventh-century originals, and in most instances were probably in use before 1100. Most of the words for which I give MS. references are taken from eleventh-century homily MSS. ; a considerable number of the quotations are from my edition of the O.E. version of Chrodegung's Rule, now being printed for the E.E.T. Soc. Some interesting words (sceppe, scor, stott, etc.) are taken from a number of eleventh- century entries relating to Bury St. Edmunds on the flyleaves at the end of a MS. in the Library of C.C.C. Oxford, 1 which I propose to include in the same volume. 1. LIST OF SIGNS USED. * prefixed to a word denotes that it is not included in any of the three dictionaries, BT. , If., S., or that its meaning is different from that there given. [ ] in which one or more of the dictionaries (RT., H., S.) are enclosed, denotes that the dictionary or dictionaries thus enclosed do not contain the word in question, and further implies that it is recorded, though without any reference, in the dictionaries not thus included. Thus [BT., H.] means not only that the word is not to be found in either ET. or H., but also that it is given in S., though without a reference. [ ] in which one of the O.E. words is enclosed, denotes that the word in question is a spurious one, e.g. [beddaern, cubiculum]. [ ] in which one or more letters in the quotations are enclosed, indicates that the letter or letters have been supplied and are not in the MS., e.g. // and lungers'] under annihte. t prefixed to a word or quotation means that the MS. from which it is taken dates from the twelfth century. 2. LIST OF MANUSCRIPTS QUOTED FROM. 2 Vesp. = Vespasian D. 14, British Museum (early twelfth century). Otho = 0tho B. 10, British Museum. Jun. 22 = MS. Hatton 114 (formerly Junius 22), Bodleian Library. Jun. 23 = MS. Ilatton 115 (formerly Junius 23), Bodleian Library. Jun. 24 = MS. Hatton 116 (formerly Junius 24), Bodleian Library (first half of twelfth century). Jun. 85 = MS. Junius 85, Bodleian Library. Bodl. 340 = MS. Bodley 340 (formerly NE. F. 4, 10), Bodleian Library. Bodl. 343 = MS. Bodley 343 (formerly NE. F. 4, 12), Bodleian Library (about 1150-1170). 1 See note to tcortt. 2 Except where otherwise stated the MSS. date from the eleventh century. MSS. from which only isolated quotations are taken are not mentioned hen.' ; in such cases the full title of the MS. follows the quotation. 266 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 3 Theod. = MS. Bodley MS. 865 (containing Theodulf's Capitula), Bodleian Library. Chr. = MS. 191 (formerly S. 12, and containing Chrodegang's Rule), Library of C.C.C. Cambridge. " S. 2 = MS. 41 (formerly S. 2), Library of C.C.C. Cambridge. S. 4 = MS. 140 (formerly S. 4), Library of C.C.C. Cambridge. S. 5 = MS. 162 (formerly S. 5), Library of C.C.C. Cambridge. S. 6 = MS. 178 (formerly S. 6), Library of C.C.C. Cambridge. S. 8 = MS. 198 (formerly S. 8), Library of C.C.C. Cambridge. S. 9 = MS. 302 (formerly S. 9), Library of C.C.C. Cambridge. S. 14 =MS. 419 (formerly S. 14), Library of C.C.C. Cambridge. S. 17= MS. 303 (formerly S. 17), Library of C.C.C. Cambridge (first half of twelfth century) . li. 1, 33= MS. li. 1, 33, Cambridge University Library (twelfth century). li. 4, 6 = MS. li. 4, 6, Cambridge University Library. Lambeth = MS. 489, Lambeth Library. St. E. = Bury St. Edmunds documents in MS. 197, Library of C.C.C. Oxford. Trin. = MS. B. 15, 34, Library of Trinity Coll., Cambridge. Verc. = Vercelli MS. 3. LIST OF HOOKS KEFERKED TO. JEG. = JElfric's Grammatik, Zupitza, Berlin, 1880. MR. = Homilies of ^Elfric, ed. B. Thorpe, London, 1844-6. JES. =^llfric's Lives of Saints, ed. Skeat, E.E.T. Soc., 1881-1900. AfdA. = Anzeiger fur deutsches Altertum. AL. = Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, ed. B. Thorpe, London, 1840. Ang. = Anglia. Archiv = Archiv fiir das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literatureu. Assm. = Angelsachsische Homilien und Heiligenleben, B. Assmann, Kassel, 1889. B1H. = The Blickling Homilies, ed. R. Morris, E.E.T. Soc., 1874-80. CD. = Codex diplomatics aevi Saxonici, ed. J. M. Kemble, London, 1839-48. CP. = Jving Alfred's WS. Version of Gregory's Pastoral Care, ed. H. Sweet, E.E.T. Soc., 1871. CS. = Cartularium Saxonicum, ed. W. de Gray Birch, 1885-93. ECPs. = Eadwine's Canterbury Psalter, ed. F/Harsley, E.E.T. Soc., 1889. ELC. = Land- Charters and Saxonic Documents, ed. J. Earle, Oxford, 1888. ES. = Englische Studien. FXG1. = Glosses from MS. Rawlinson G. 57 (1st half of twelfth century), now being published in Archiv by M. Forster and A. S. Napier. GesAgs. = Liebermann, Gesetze des Angelsachsen, Halle, 1898-1903. GrD. = Dialoge Gregors des grossen, H. Hecht, Leipzig, 1900. KL. = Kluge's Angelsachsisches Lesebuch, 3rd ed., Halle, 1902. KlZs. = Zur Geschichte der Zeichensprache, F. Kluge, in Techmer's Inter- nationale Zeitschrift fur allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, vol. ii, Leipzig, 1885, p. 118 sqq. (quoted by paragraph). Lcdm. = Saxon Leechdoms, etc., of Early England, ed. 0. Cockayne, Rolls Series, 1864-6. LSc. = Defensor's Liber Scintillarum, ed. E. W. Rhodes, E.E.T. Soc., 1889. MH. = An Old English Martyrology, ed. G. Herzfeld, E.E.T. Soc., 1900. MLN. = Modern Language Notes, ed. A. M. Elliott, etc., Baltimore. 267 4 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. MPh. = Modern Philology, Chicago. Narr. = Narratiunculae Anglice conscriptec, ed. T. 0. Cockayne, London, 1861. N61. = Old English Glosses, A. S. Napier, Oxford, 1900, Anecdote Series. NRT. = History of the Holy Rood-tree, A. S. Napier, E.E.T. Soc., 1894. NSCh. = The Crawford Charters, ed. A. S. Napier & W. H. Stevenson, 1895, Anecdote Series. GET. = Oldest English Texts, ed. H. Sweet, E.E.T. Soc., 1885. PBB. = Beitrage zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur, herausg. von Paul und Braune, etc. PGH. = Die Bouloneser angelsachs. Glossen zu Prudentius, A. Holder, Germania xxiii, 385 sqq. RBS. = Die angelsachs. Prosabearbeitungen der Benedictinerregel, A. Schroer, Kassel, 1885-8. SHy. = The Latin Hymns of the Anglo-Saxon Church, ed. J. Stevenson, Surtees Soc., 1851. SS. = The Dialogue of Salomon and Saturnus, ed. J. M. Kemble, London, 1848. Wst. = Wulfstan, A. Napier, Berlin, 1883. WW. = T. Wright's Anglo-Saxon and O.E. Vocabularies, re-edited by "Wiilcker, London, 1884. ZfdA. = Zeitschrift fiir deutsches Altertum. (See also p. 72.) *aberan, to do without. Hym icces ltft> to forlcetenne \one leofan HalenA, 7 hy unease mihton his neaweste aberan, Trin., p. 96, 1. 15 (also in MSS. li. 4, 6, f. 390, 1. 9, and Faustina A. 9, f. 162, 1. 19). If we may assume the prefix a- to stand for early West- Saxon on- (as in ddradan, etc.), this verb might be identified with O.H.G. inberan, N.H.G. entbehren, with the same meaning. Or had the original from which all three MSS. are derived words to the effect that they could scarcely endure (aberan} the loss of his presence ? ableran, to uncover, to bare ? [BT., H.]. Geforseo^S eower cynn 7 eowre yldran .... \onne ge tyslia^ eow on Denisc ableredum hneccan 7 ablendum eagum, ES. viii, 62 (from Jun. 23, f. 61). secerceorl, a farmer, farm labourer. It is in the dictionaries, but only from a gloss (WW. 310 M ). ]pe willa^ ealle ut a[n~\felda, 7 ealle cecerceorlas 7 ealle wineardwealas ( = Te cuncti in publico, te in agro rustici, aratores, ac vinitores] daghicamlice ttelan, gif ^u . . . . wilt wunian mid wtfum, Chr., p. 109. *aecerweorc, work in the fields. Agresti, bonus =/r[m] hys acerweorce, PGH. 391 (the line in Prudentius, Cathemerinon iv, 60, runs : agresti bonus exhibebat arte]. *8fencollatio, the ' collatio ' (read before compline, cf. Ben. Reg., c. xlii). Gif hwylc bro^or bi'S \e ]>a gesettan tida forgymeleasa^S . ... 1 to Jieora a >reo Frigedagas }>e man sceall fasten on twelf monfrim : se ceresta on Blydan, 7 se nyhsta cer Pentecosten, j se ceftresta ]>e by'K on Julius, Ang. xi, 3 e9 . ^aelmesaecer, field the produce of which was given as alms, first fruits. Frumwccntmas hatafe sume men celmescecer se %e us (Brest geripod rS, S. 14, p. 365, 1. 16. *aelmesdonde, doing alms. Ha fa aeghwar gymene 7 swffiost oilmesmanna . . . j> ^u an fyam lyfgendlican daige mid cferum (elmysdondum geJiyre cet Drihtne, Chr., p. 157. aelmesful, charitable [BT.]. pa man ]>a ^e do> god 7 beo> d'hnesfidle, ^a beo> Godes learn geciged, Jun. 85, f. 31, 1. 1. *8elmeslac, giving of alms, pa bead se biscop Mamerttis ]>reora daga fasten 7 J><# man halidom sceolde u'yr^&lice styrien 7 mid eelmeslacum georne God gladian, Jun. 22, f. 98, 1. 7. *aenetnes, solitude. See anetnys. seraet, excessive eating. Of. Cosijn, PBB. xx, 101, and Pogatscher, AfdA. xxv, 4. The meaning is 'excessive eating,' as Cosijn pointed out, not 'early eating.' Not in BT. ; in S. without reference; and in H. with the two references to Wst. : 135 2 and 290 32 . Further instances are: Verc., f. 11 (see helow, s.v. heamolscipe) ; Uton us nu ealle \e geornor warnian 7 forlcetan urne gedwolan 7 unrilitlicemedo 7 aratas 7 oferdruncennessa, etc., Verc., f. 110, 1. 9; 7 uto forlcetan mor*6or 7 man 7 oferhigdo 7 afsta . . . . 7 unrilithcemcAo, arcetas 7 ealugalnessa, etc., Verc., f. 116, 1. 8 (this is the same passage repeated, which occurs Verc., f. 11, cf . heamolscipe) ; Unnhthamed 7 ceratas 7 ealogalnesse 7 oferfylle 7 unsibbe, etc., Jun. 23, f. 145, 1. 3; On gytsunge 7 on manslyhte, on cerate 7 on oferfylle, etc., Ang. xi, 102 88 ; On cercete o]>]>e on oferdrince, Ang. xii, 514 10 . The context of these passages shows that cercet is, as suggested by Cosijn, synonymous with ofercet, and means ' over-eating,' not ' feasting early,' as in S., or ' the ecclesiastical offence of eating before communion,' as in H. sere, -oared [BT., H.]. jEnne sceg'K Ixiiiicere (64 oared), NSCh. 23 8 (cf. note on p. 128). *ren. See quotation under nowend. The ceren scip (= carabus] 269 6 01. 1) ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. cannot be a ' brazen ship ' ; is it from ur ' an oar ' ? The -en ending presents difficulties. *8Btfeorrian, to remove. Ne ctifeorriye man hine sylfne cet \am preostlican tidsangum Ipam godcundlican lofum. Chr., p. 156. *afyrrednys, removal. Hi sona am fa&tene ece hcele 7 Ipas farlican derives (tfi/rrednyssc, MS. Cleopatra B. 13, f. 54 b , 1. 13. *aga, possessor. See quot. under nunfaemne. The dictionaries have nndga, a pauper. agalian, to become slow, powerless [BT., H.]. S. has agulod, ' remiss, neglectful.' See below, s.v. cyne]?rymlic. *fagene, awns. Agene = aristas, FNG1. 119. *agyltnys, guilt. Seo aicerigednys \e >a are&tan men \urJi heora agyltni/sse geworhtan ... is nu adwcesced 7 adilyad, Bodl. 340, f. 150, 1. 9, and S. S, f. 193 b , 1. 17. *alrscaga, alder-copse. Of stanforda on alrseagan, of alrscagan on eor^Sgelerst, NSCh., p. 2 2 '. andfeax, bald [BT., H.]. Andfexe (var. lect. -feaxe] \ceor~f) a\ *&cera swi/^Se manege ]>e mid oferrence glengdan Inj *i/lfe, "Wst. 46 '. andlanges (with adverbial -) [BT., H.]. Cf. NSCh., p. 57. *anetnys, aenet-, solitude. ]? se halga wer eft gehwearf to \e bffi acenned on annihtne mona[J, se bi> langK\i\ lifes .... Gif he bi> acenned on .iii.nihtne monan, se leofa\ lange, etc., Lcdm. iii, 160 18 . ansyn, appearance. This is given in BT., H., S. as feminine only, but it also occurs as masc. or neuter. See quot. under hellheort, where the genitive ansynes occurs (Bodl. 340, f. 145, 1. 6, and f. 149, 1. 12). Cf. further, 7 for>an he, se engel, on sica egeslicum onsyne ceteuwde y ]>cera wearda mod sceolde beon ]>y forhtra, Bodl. 340, f. 149, 1. 7. J^ote that mod here seems to be used as a masculine. apuldre, apple-tree. Cf. ]S"SCh., p. 52. argang, ars-, stercus, latrina, anus [H., S.]. BT. has arsgang without ref. Ne rec%> lie na sicffie hwafyer he of deorwi/r^um mettum j drincum ^at meox his argancyes j his micgan gesamnige, Chr., p. 113. Cf. latrina rum = arganga (thus in both the Digby and Brussels MSS.), ]S T G1. i, 3917. Cf. also the following 1 : Wi\ 1 To these instances from Lcdm. my attention was called by Professor Toller. 270 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 7 ]>on ]?<9 mon \urli his argang blode ut yrne, Lcdm. i, 4 19 and 82 3 (in the second case one of the MSS. reads arsgang}. In the following instances from the twelfth century Peri Didaxeon it is written ars- : Sic Hum ]>urh \a nosa hym yrn\ ]xet blod, hioilum ]>an\ji]e on arsganga sitt, hyt him f ram yrna\, Lcdm. iii, 138 5 ; G if hyt b>/> oflpan fyerman, \anne myJit ]>u ]>urh \ane arsgang (=per egestionem] hyt gecnawan, ibid. 138 !6 ; ]>anne he to arsganga gele, ]>e >ar gegearcod is. ]py (for \eo = seo] ]>ele is eall atimplod mid attrenum pilum j scearpum tindum, li. 1, 33, p. 435, 1. 22. This verb throws light on the sb. timple, which occurs in a list of weaving implements in the Gerefa (Liebermann, Ang. ix, 263, and GesAgs. i, 455) : He sceal . . . habban . . . fela towtola, fltxlinan, spinle . . . pihten, timplean (for timplant}, tcifte, etc., and, taken in conjunction with the verb, seems to mean some instrument connected with weaving and provided with teeth or spikes. Liebermann, in Ang. ix, 257, confesses that he can make nothing of the word, whilst in the GesAgs. he renders it by ' Karclen ' (i.e. carding-instruments) with a query. A more recent suggestion was made by 0. Bitter in Archiv, cxv, 164 ; he connects it with the dialectal weaving term temple, which denotes an instrument of adjustable length provided with pins at either end and used for stretching the cloth on the loom. French temple and German Tempel, Tompel, occur in the same sense. The O.E. form he assumes to be tin early borrowing from a Latin templa with the vowel change as in O.E. gimm from gemma, whilst the modern dialect form, which occurs as early as the Cathol. Anglic., he regards as a later borrowing from the French. Cf. IdgF. xix, 361. awannian. Cf. wannian. 271 8 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. *b8B^8Brn, bath-house. Gyf ]>u hwtet be bafcernes tacne teecan tvi/le, ]>onne stric J?M mid ]>inre swi^ran Jiande bra dl ing a (MS. bralinga) ofer )>ine breost 7 ofer \inne innd*f>, swilce ]>u \e ]>tcean tcille, KlZs. 95. *beagwise, the form of a crown or ring. See quotation under oflaethlaf. *beansaJd, bean-seed. See quotation under hogg. *bearneacnod, pregnant, pa was heo beameacnod of^Sam Halgan Gaste, Bodl. 340, f. 1, 1. 25, and 8. 8, f. l b , 1. 7. The same homily occurs in Verc., f. 25, but the reading there is bearm'acenu. *bebyrging, burial. Dr ica* ]>a sumre tide ylding to gefyllanne ]>a lityenunge his bubyrginge, GrD. 84* (MS. H.). [beddaern, cubiculum.] Though rightly rejected by BT., H., and S., this word is still to be found in Bosworth and Ettmiiller, and attention was called to it as late as 1886 by Sohrauer in his Kleine Beitrage zur altenglixclien Grammatik, p. 39. We first meet with it in Somner, who has ' bedd-ern, i.e. beod-erne,' and beod- erne he explains as meaning both refectory and cubiculum. Benson gives 'bedd-ern=refectoriu>n' 1 and l beod-erne=refectorium, cubiculum.'' Lye has bedd-ern and beod-ern, but assigns to both the meaning refectorium only; his references are ' JElfr. gl. 20. R. 107,' which correspond to WW. 328 3Z and 184 respectively. 1 In the latter case we get the following consecutive glosses : Cubiculum = bedcofa; Refectorium = beodern ; dormitorium slapern. Here we have obviously the source of the error : the ern of the second and third gll. resulted in the formation of a *bed-ern, whilst the proximity of cubiculum to refectorium led to both meanings being assigned to beod-ern in Somner and Benson, and to bedd-ern in Bosworth. beddcla^as, bedclothes [BT.]. Judith .... betcand y bodig mid 'Sam beddclaftum, Assm. Ill * 16 . See also quotation under werreaf. 1 According to the explanation in Lye's preface the reference ' JElfr. gl.' means ' jElfrici glomxirium ad calcem liictionarii Uul. Somnen, ' but this is not quite correct. It is true, i.e. that ' sElfr. GL, p. 60,' does refer to the Rubens glossary printed at the end of Somner (= WW. 104-191). the number being that of the page in S., but the simple reference sElfr. gl. wit IK nit a number, or JElfi. gl. followed by a number but no />,' means JElfric's glossary (= WW. 304-337 =jEG., pp. 297-322). Thus, for instance, ' deorfellen roc, sElfr. gl., 20,' does not occur at all in the Rubens glossary, but corresponds to WW. 328 l8 . Lye's R. refers to MS. Junius 71 (the copy of the Rubens glosses made by Junius, whence Somner printed them). 272 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 9 *bedyfan, to submerge. Beo ivear^6 ]>a gel&dd to sumre ea 7 on wester e bedyfed, GrD. 73 24 (MS. H.). The dictionaries have the uncompounded dyfan. behammen, studded with nails [BT., H.]. See quotation under geliammen. *behatland, land of promise. ]panon ivas geworden f ure Drihten Icengest geheold Philisteas 7 Chananeas .... geladdum his folce to ]>am behatlande (= his people having been brought into the land of promise), GrD. 204 ' 2 . [behydignes, a desert.] See my note in Ml'h. i, p. 393. belyfan, to believe; belyfed, believing [BT.]. The NED. states that "the present compound (i.e. with the be- prefix) appears in the twelfth century," and the earliest instance it gives is from about 1200. But it certainly occurs early in the eleventh century. Witodlice \a \e on God belyfafc, hi sind }>urh ^one Halgan Gast geivissode, &R. i, 114 8 (Bodl. 340, f. 30 b , and Jun. 22, f. 20, both read gelyf(i>] ; Maria 7 Martha ivceron twa gesivystru swi^e on God lelyfede, ibid, i, 130 5 (MS. Bodley 340, f. 44, has lelyfende) ; Eala \u Drihten God, \e Danihel on lelyf^, my eel eart ^u 7 mihtig, S. 6, p. 159 (first half of eleventh century). Early twelfth century instances are not rare. The two following are from Vesp. D. 14 : He ceteotvde his unhcele 7 hwu he fullulit underft'ng 7 ciricen hrcerde 7 \ceron belefde, Assm. 194 41 ; Uwy noldon ge belefen on hine ? MPh. i, 594 4 . Cf. further ^ is eall Godes folc, ]>e on God nu (/elyf> (S. 17 has belef^, Assm. 27 71 ; To ludea lunde, ]>e on God gelyfdon (S. 17 and Otho B. 10 have beli/fdon}, ibid. 104 74 ; Ic j>e hcelxige ]>urh ]>inne God 7 frirh his Sttnu 7 his ^one Hahjan Gast, \e \u on belefst, ibid. 177 2li6 (from S. 17). The following are from Bodley 343 (circa 1150-1175): tyurh ^ene almilitiye Drihten ^e ive on bilt/ffeK, NE.T. 6 19 ; Moni^e xcylen on God lily f (en, ibid. 34 13 . *fbeodreaf, table-cloth. JElfioine minum cftrum sunn ic geann anes heallreafes 7 qnes burreafes, mid beodreafe 7 mid eallum hrceglum swa Ktsrto gebyra*, CD. iii, 294 s6 . It is from MS. Ill in C.C.C. Cambridge, and is in writing of the twelfth century, 1 but is no doubt copied from an older original. *bej>ryn, to press. Cf. ]>ryn. *bewrixlian, to change. He beiorixlede him si/If }>03re stowe eardunge, GrD. 119 21 . 1 Cf. ELC., p. 369. 273 10 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. [biccen(e), caninus.] Cf. byccen. *bifigendlic, terrible. See quotation undt T aelmesdonde. bisceopham, bishop's estate. Cf. XSCh., p. 132. [BT.] H. gives one reference to ELC. bisceopung [BT., H.], confirmation. Das seofanfealdan gyfa sofelice wxron on urum Drihtne 7 ae Halga gast hi tod(fl> . . . ahum be his ma&e j be his modes geornfulnesse, ealswa biscopas on biscpunge to Gode syffitm wilniaft georne, Wst. 51 u ; Miclum is us to warnienne . . . y we folc ne tcur^Se losad }urh nane orsorhnysse butan fulwihte 7 bisceopunge 7 predicunge 7 andytnyste, Chr., p. 76. bisen (-ne?), blind [BT.]. Cook gives the three instances from the Lindisfurne Gospels (Matth. ix, 27 and 28 ; si, 5). Other examples are : So^Slice }>a j? ne Godes wer hcefde gedon 7 gefylled his gebedu, he asette 7 aicrat Gode* rodetacen ofer Ipces bt/senan mannes eagan, GrD. 77 28 ; f And feale ]>e ic heefde to me atogen, lime 7 healie, lame ~ reoflen ealle he heo fram me ateah, Vesp., f. 95 (printed Archiv, cvii, 318, and ]MPh. i, 602 6 ). *blsechorn, inkhorn. Donne ]>u bleclorn habban wille, \onne hafa fyu ]>ine ]>ri jingras, swilce ]?u dypan wille, 7 awend }>ine hand adune 1 clyce ]>inejiffras, swilce \u blarchorn niman wille, KlZs. 116. blaegtttan, blagettan, to weep [BT., H.J. He .... }a ongun frefrian ]>OHC ylcan hlydendan 7 blagettendan (so XI S. C. ; MS. 0. lias llagettyndan} cniht, GrD. 278 12 . *bl6dlaestid, time for letting blood. Nit nan blodltestid swa god swa on foretceardne Lencten, Lcdm. ii, 148 ~. *b6c, beechnut. Xot in the dictionaries in this sense. G if hit )>onne gelyru^S on geare ]xet na^Ser ne by> on \am earde ne ceceren ne boc ne vf>er tii&sten }a;t man mage heora flasc\enunge for> Iringan, Chr., p. 23. *bradlinga, adv., in a flat, outspread manner. Gyf\u biblio^ecan habban icilJe, \onne uege ]>u ]>ine hand 7 rar up )>inne ]>uman 7 sete ]>ine hand bradlinga to ^inum leore, K1Z?. 29 ; Hymneres tacen is y mon wacge Iradlinga his hand, ibid. 33 ; ])onne wend ]>u his hand bradlinga adune, ibid. 41. Cf. further KlZs. 30 ; 59 ; 64 ; 95 ; 108. *braeclian, to make a noise. \sa ]>eere afterfylgendan nihte aweox ]ner 7 brceclade mara sweg 7 hefegra, GrD. 236 12 . Cf. gcbrec, 'noise, clamour.' *bredan, to cherish = N.E. breed [from biod~\. Sohrauer, in 1886, pointed out three instances of the word, viz:, WW. 22 s6 ; 403 39 ; and JEH. ii, 10 17 , and the third of these is quoted in the NED. 274 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 11 *Breotanrlce, kingdom of Britain. Siva he (Christ) nu dagum Breotanrices f&gran iglandes Eadwearde cyncge sealde 7 ffeu]>e, St. E., f. 107. brydniht, wedding - night [BT., H.]. 7 \a ]>eere for man brydniht, ]>a hi two, wceron on^eem brydbure, MH. 14 s6 . *fbrynstan, brimstone. For \&re fagere wifmanna lufen Tieo sculen drigen brynstanes st&nc on helle, Vesp., f. 163. The earliest quotation in the NED. is from the Cursor Mundi (circa 1300). bufancweden, above-mentioned [BT., H.]. Ds bufancwedenan mannes mcegnu .... se bufancivedena wer, GrD. 14 7 ; Ipysum bufancwedenum gelice, ibid. 90 ' . *bufansprecen, above-mentioned. See quot. under faerserning 1 . *byccen, adj., of a goat, goat's. ^Elce geare to preosta gescyfinde man biccene heor^San j feower gemacan sceona Jinde man celcum (= Calceamenta vero omnis clerus annis singulis, pelles buccinas, et solas, paria quatuor accipiunt], Chr., p. 74. This biccen (for byccen] is a derivative of bucc(a], 'he-goat, buck,' and is identical with O.H.G. bucchln, ' hircinus.' The Lat. buccinus is a derivative of the Late Latin bitccus, itself an adaptation from Old German. I think it is very probable that this is the source of the supposed biccen(e\ ' caninus ' (from bicce], in Soniner, Benson, Lye, Bosworth, and BT., which must therefore be rejected. This MS. was certainly used by the earlier dictionary compilers. bycnol, showing, indicating [BT., H.]. Indices = bicnole, PGH. 398. *byrnete, a barnacle. Zupitza, in Archiv, Ixxix, 89, called attention to the original MS. of the so-called Rubens Glosses (edited in WW. 104, from Junius's transcript in the Bodleian), which is now in Antwerp, 1 and pointed out a number of glosses omitted by Junius in his copy and hence wanting in WW. Amongst these is the following: Lolligo .i. piscis mantimi (so MS., read -mus\ uno anno piscis, alio auis, hoc est byrnete. Z. compared the barneta of Gervasius of Tilbury. Cf. also NED. s.v. barnacle. *fbyrstig, afilicted by loss or calamity. Ipa gode mcenn synden byrstige 7 gedrefde j unfere, ]>e Iceste heo to sivy^e blissoden on heora lichames h fofatelse, S. 6, p. 150. *camplic, warlike, military. Hit u ttngerisenlic J preostas camplice wapen werion, Chr., p. 101. *candelmaessedaeg, oandleraaaday. On %am feowerteogifean dr<->/<; fram his acennednesse, \e we cwe\a?& candelmeessedceg , Trin., p. 250. The earliest quotation in the Ts T ED. is from the Ancren Riwl (circa 1225). carcernweard, jailor [BT., H.]. \)a after twelf da gum com se carcernweard, MH. 24 15 ; ]pa gelefde se carcernweard Gode, ibid. 24 19 . *ceaslunger, contentious, quick to strife. Se hordore sceal , beon syfre 7 na dnmcengeorn ne ceaslunger ne weotimd . ne mi/rrend ( Cellerarius debet . . . ewe sobrius, non uinolentus, non contentiosus, non iracundus . . . non prodigu*}, Chr., p. 30. The first part of the compound is evidently ceas, 'strife,' and the second part an adjective. 1 linger, meaning ' quick.' This adjective, though not hitherto recorded in O.E., occurs both in 0. Sax. as lungar, ' strong,' and in O.HJi. ;is lungar, 'quick,' and the corresponding adverb lungre is well known in O.K. poetry. *ceasterleod, fern., -leode, pi., citizens. He (Jonah) him sicifte ondred 7 Ipteder (to Nineveh) faran ne dorste, for >at \e God ivtes swfoe yrre ]xere ceasterleode, Verc., f. l()8 b , 1. 1 ; ])(er ure bidalp lire ceasterliode (Theie await us our fellow-citizens), ^ syndon enr/las 7 heaheng/as, ibid., f. 72 b . *fcepnian, to wait for, to await eagerly. Ic sceal \cerute geornlice cepnian f ]>e God behatvn h(ej" > 6, S. 17, p. 175, 1. 6. Cf. M.E.co/>w?V?j. *cildbearn, child. 1 Swa s-ica hit awrilen is in Dryldnes namn, \at (cylucylc wecpned cildbearn ]>e wif went acynde, sceolde beran (so MS., read beon) cerest Gode yehalgod, Verc., f. 91, 1. 5. It is, of course, very possible that, in the MS. from which Verc. has copied, did was glossed by beam, or vice versa, and that the gloss was subsequently taken into the text, thus forming an apparent compound. cildcla^as, swaddling-clothes. BT. has only one instance, another will be found below under fsemnenlic. On the gender (masc., not neut.) cf. Pogatscher, AfdA. xxv, 8, who gives two further instances from the glosses. 1 Luke, 2". 276 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 13 *'cimbalgliwere, cymbal -player. Hu Bonefatius foresade to sweltenne \a tacnit ]>ces sares (viz. headache) ; ]>cet is, (Brest }ia ^Sunewenga clceppa]/, 7 eal ]>at heafod by^ Jiffi, Lcdm. iii, 88 4 . cnafa, a boy [BT.]. In ES. ix, 36, Kluge quoted an instance from the Liber Scintillarum, and H. has it with the reference 1 Ang., xiii, 450.' In MLN". iv (1889), p. 279, I gave a further instance from the Psalter in the Cambridge Univ. Library (MS. Ff. 1, 23, p. 289), where da potestatem puero tuo (Ps. 85, 16) is glossed by syle mihte cnafan }>inum. Cf. also maegcnafa. *colsweart, coal-black. Iponne wannafo he j doxa\; (fere Jiwile he bi'K bl(KC 7 alnwe. Hwilum he bi'ft collsiveart, Verc., f. 23 b , 1. 7. For U(BC, 'pale' (it has the accent in the MS.), S. 2, p. 277 (where this passage also occurs), reads blue, which is the more correct form. 1 *cornsd, corn -seed. Se eacswylce gem feawa cornsceda in unarimede icastmas atcra, GrD. 253 '. *corona wk. m., crown. 7 hie genamon }>a milite 7 geworhton ]>yrnene coronan 7 setton on his heafod, Verc., f . 5 b , 1. 2 ; p eode he, ure Dryhten Crist, ut beforan ]>a ludeas, htsfde he ]>a \yrnenne coronan on his heafde, ibid., f. 5 b , 1. 20 ; On ]>one drihtenlican dceg he geseah }>a fcemnan Sancta Marian, seo was beorhtre ^onne sunne, 7 on hire heafde heo hcefde \one coronan fycera twelf steorrena, S. 5, p. 385, 1. 13. ^co^ig, diseased. Hit is neod hi ma[_n~] ascirie of }xere geferrcedene eallswa co*&ige sceap (= oues morbid?}, Chr., p. 98. *crammingpohh,a, viscarium. Gif wif wunaJS mid werum, ]xer bffi wen deofles crammingpochan ( Si cum v iris femina habitaverint, viscarium diaboli non deerit}, Chr., p.- 110. A 'cramming bag' is a curious rendering of viscarium. *creas, rich, elegant (of dress). Ne beo ge to creasum reafum (= cultis uestibus} gefrcetwade, ac medemlieum, be eowres lichaman ]>e\_a~]rfe, Chr., p. 151. *creaslic, rich (of food). Hit is gewuna on manegum preosthiredum 1 It is of course possible that the Verc. bltfc stands for blatce, an admissible variant of bide. The bla preostas \e woroldwelan habbafe .... scolon maran j creaslicran fodan [ = mniorem annonani] habban on mynstre, Chr., p. 20. In his edition of the Brussels Aldhelm gll. (ZfdA, ix), Houterwek says in his note to creasnys (see next word): " Zu dem sonst unbekannten worte creasnys vgl. in dem gl. Hannov. creaslicran reg. can. 12." The MS. referred to is MS. Hannov. iv, 495, and is an eighteenth century collection of O.E. words from various sources, and there can be little doubt that the Corpus Christi Chrodegang MS. is the source of the creaslicran : the form agrt-cs, the reg. can. agrees, as it is a Regula canonicorum, and the 12 fits, as it is the number of the old press mark S. 12. creasnes, pride, elation richness or elegance (of dress) ; heortan creasnes. cultus cordis [BT.]. Creasnes occurs as a gloss to elatio in the Digby and Brussels MSS. of Aldhelm (cf. 1S T G1. i, 1108). Cf. further, Openon geswutelincgum haligra getvrita us is geypped y we mid heortan creasnysse (= cultu cordis) sceolon God secan swffior Iponne mid reafes pryton. For \i \onne warnion preostas f hi \urh ungemetlice reafes creasnysse (= cultum uestium] ne geunwur\ion heora hades arwur^Snysse, Chr., p. 103; Ne wene nan man y an reafes oferjlowennysse 7 creasnysse (= in fluxu atque studio uestiuni) synn ne beo, Chr., p. 104. Cristennes, Christianity. Not in BT. ; H. and S. have it in the form cristnes from GET. 176 4 . Sofylice ]>a }>e Crist ne lufia'ft, hu mag an ]>a cwe^San J hie sien cristene ? Ac us gcdafnaty anra gehwilcum y he ut (read hine'i} ahebbe on ]>a so}>an cristennesse 7 forltete ]>a weorc ]>e se earma feond man lara\ (so MS. for -i?J>), Jun. 85, f. 29 b , 1. 5. *cristnere, baptizer. On ]>one ilcan dag bi> ]>ara eadigra tceora tid .... 7 Sancte Petres ]xes cristneres, MH. 92 l . *fculling = antenna? My friend, Mr. "W. H. Stevenson, kindly called my atteution to the following interesting glosses in MS. 17 in the Library of St. John's College, Oxford. The MS. is dated 1110, and the glosst-s, which are written on the lower margin of fol. 7-4, seem to be in a contemporary hand. This part of the MS. contains Beda's De temporum ratione, but the glosses are in no way connected with the Latin text. They are as follows : antenna, culling. cariscus, morfleoge. millago, egeswin. esox, cypera. fannus, suhha. silurus, sprot. glancus, hwitling. dentix, hacod. 278 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 15 That they are from an older original is rendered probable by the miscopying of ruhha as suhha. *cwanung, lamentation. Granung 7 cicammg, Jun. 22, f. 114, 1. 11. *cwyldberendlic, pernicious. Of. cwylmb-. *cwylmberendlic, pernicious. ponne xt/ndon scr&lice twa cynnryno unrotnesse, an halwendlic 7 oKer cwylmberendlic, Verc , f. lll b , 1. 7. In S. 5, p. 418, there is the same passage, but S. 5 has cwyldb&ren dlic . ^cycenj'enung, service in the kitchen. Se cercediacon 7 se prauost . . . . moton beon aspelode fram ^cere cycerifyenunge, Chr., p. 25. *cyllfylling, the filling of a vessel, pa ]>a hi naht ne aehawedon flowan ]rees eles of ]iam elebergum 7 swa Ipeh ]>one Godes wer gesawon him befeolan mid }cere cyllfyllinge, GrD. 250 2; . cynebend, a diadem, crown [H., S.]. In BT. it is given, without any reference, on the authority of Somner, Benson, and Lye. pa eode P'datus ]>a eft inn 7 het ]>one Hcelend sicffie swingan, 7 }>a his \egnas geicorhtan 7 gewundan \yrnem beah for cynebcend 7 him on J heafod settan, forSawSe y bi> cyninga ]maiv 7 casera j? hi oft habbe hit ]>a ]xere eadegan tide nealcehte \cette Dryhten lichomlice ivolde ivesnn geboren, $wi%e cyne]>iymlica tacen him beforan sainod si^Sedon. jre&t geeode to ]>am \_da\ge ]>e he on geboren wots, \cet ncenige men mid wapnum gefeohtan ne meahton, ac hra^e ]>tes hie mid wcepnum feohtan woldon, hiora eunnas agaledon, 7 hira handa him gelugon, 7 hie sylje wteron to sybbe geli>ewacede, 7 gefeohtan n meahton, Verc., I. 54 b (Hue 5 from bottom). cyrelif. G eh icy on hiy eac y hig gehealdon .... heora cl&nnysse ungewemmedutn lichaman, o>%e witodlice beon gi-ferlcehte Tptere gefccstnuncge anes gexymcypes, butan ]>am canonican }pe on cyrelife sitta^S (= exceptis his canonicis qui rictu et ve&titu potiantur l \ Chr., p. 127. The exception from permission to marry seems to refer to those who receive stipeudia of food and clothing from the bishop ; those who were maintained by the bishop being debarred from marrying. It is not clear why the English translator did not follow the 1 The words exceptis .... potianlur do not occur in the printed text of Chrodegang (Migue Ixxxix, p. 1087, cap. 64), nor in Isidore's l)e eccles. Ofliciis, whence this chapter is taken. 279 16 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. Latin, nor how he understood the passage ; does cyrelif mean ' chosen life ' ? At any rate, it differs in meaning from the instance in Alfred's will (cf. BT. and ELC., p. 461). cyrichata, church-persecutor [BT.]. It is both in H. and S., in the former with a ref. to Wst. 298 u . On this reference Wiilfing, ES. xxx, p. 339, remarks, " Die stelle bei Wulfstan scheint der einzige Beleg zu sein." But it also occurs in the Sermo Lupi ad Anglos (Wst. 164 11 ) Godes wi^ersacan j cyriclatan Jietole 7 leodliatan grimme ; and again Wst. 67 18 ; 266"; 310'. . *fcyrichege, churchyard. Deade he byrige on Godes cyricheige, li. 1, 33, p. 439, 1. 12. *cyricland, church-land. Ic \e bebeode . . . f ]>u ut ne gange of *6inum agmim ryne . . . ne ]>u na ge^rystlaece j> ]>u ure cyricland on (enigum \inge derige (the river is commanded to flow in its proper channel), GrD. 193 u ; pa sy^^an gestilde se flod 7 gecyrde frarn ]>an cyriclande, ibid. 194 3 . cyricsocn, a going to church. It is in the dictionaries, but BT. and H. only assign to it the meaning ' church-privilege, sanctuary.' Lufian cyricsocne dceges 7 nihtes, Wst. 112 17 ; Uton luftan cyrcsocne oft 7 gelome, ibid. 150 13 ; Lybba> eotcer lif on syfernesse 7 on faestenum 7 on halgum gebedum 7 on ciricsocnum, S. 5, p. 545 ; ty synt ure gelyfedan cyrtcsocna, Jun. 85, f. 26 ; j> we georne cyricsocna began, li. 4, 6, p. 446. Also Wst. 171 w ; 281 5 . *cysstycce, portion of cheese. ]ponne sylle man to midd(eg\enunge twain 7 twam an tyl cyssticce 7 sumne smeamete, ... 7 on tefen twam j twam an cyssticce 7 sume smeamettas, Chr., p. 23. *cy : Sing, a statement. Me lyste^S J>a word niinre ky^inge geladan to ]>am dcdum Ualerie ]xere me, GrD. 86 u . (So MS. H., MSS. C. and 0. have segene.} ' *daedbetere, a penitent. Ne mag [] na dadbeterum ]>is don, Chr., p. 133. *d8Bgredleoma, light of dawn. So^lice \a se d&gredltoma beorhte scymrode, \a Drihten .... of helle aras, Chr., p. 41. dea]7enung, ministrations to the dead. Hu mag ic ^e ana gedefelicedea^emi^n^gagegeartfian ni/nfee minebro^or 7 efneapostolas hider sin gesammode? S. 2, p. 282; Da ]>reo ftemnan }>am (to whom) Maria hire deatyenunga bebead, ibid., p. 283. The dictionaries have it from the gll., viz. WW. 393 34 , where it glosses exequias. *demedlic, to be judged. Hi sylfe witon . y hi eac sculon \rowian hwathugu demedlices ( = aliquid judicalile\ GrD. 336 20 . 280 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 17 I dengan, to beat, knock [H., S.]. In BT. without reference, on the authority of Somner, Benson, and Lye. ^Elcum gemete ]>onn ne sceal arung beon }>or ma[_n~] sceal heora sidan, ]xet hi ne heardian, mid gierdon gelomlice dencgan ( = sed potius eorum latera, ne indurescant, virgis assidue tundenda sunt], Chr., p. 96. It is the N.E. to dinge (cf. singe, twinge, from sengan, twengan}, the earliest quotation for which, either vb. or sb., in the NED. is from Cotgrave, 1611. *deofolscipe, devil-worship, idolatry. Swylce eac w&ron us to leohtfatum gesette Cristes apostolas, ]>a weeron onsende on fyysne middaneard .... for ^i ]>onne j? hi sceolon menu trymman 1 Iceran jfulHian, 7 deofolscype ny^erian, S. 9, p. 207. *ddc, a bastard. Bigener = aworden uel doc, WW. 19-t 27 ; NotJius = su^an wind o^6e dooc, hornungsunu, ibid. 456 9 . Cf. also docincel and Zupitza's note to it (ZfdA. xxxiii, 238). Z. points out that dooc (WW. 456 9 ) is evidently synonymous with hornungsunu, and glosses nothm in the sense of ' bastard.' The dooc, ' south wind,' in Somner, Lye, Bosworth, Ettmiiller, and BT. is obviously derived, as Z. points out, from this gl. [doc, dooc, the south wind.] See last word. *docincel, a bastard. Nothus = docincel, ZfdA. xxxiii, 238 (cf. Zupitza's note). This is a gloss to Beda's metrical life of St. Cuthbert (ATigne, Pair. Lat. xciv, p. 587), and the passage runs: " Pictorum infesto dum concidit Ecgfridus ense, Et nothus in regni frater successit honorem." The reference is to AldfrrS, the illegitimate brother of Ecgfri'S. Cf. also doc. *doxian, to grow dark coloured. See quotation under colsweart and KGL, note to i, 532. Kluge called attention to this vb. in ES. xi, 511. *drincgemet, measure of drink. Gif^onne . . . gesceote . . . y unwcestmlernys on eard becym>, y ma[n] ne mage J drincgemeit bring an forS, Chr., p. 24. drut, beloved one [BT., H.]. JEnlicu Godes drut, seo frowe \e m Frean acende, Be domes daege, 291. Cf. Kluge, PBB. ix, 446 ; Zupitza, ES. xi, 431 ; and Archiv, Ixxxvi, 408. *dryhtealdorman, bridesman. Brydguman 7 Iryde mid gebedum 7 mid ofringum mcessepreost sceal bletsian . . . . 7 J?a drihtealdormen hi healdon, Chr., p. 134. 281 2 18 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. dryicge, a sorceress [BT.]. In Ang. vi, 178, Platt recorded it from the Shrine, 56 ; this has been more recently printed by Herzfeld in MH. and the passage in question will be found p. 28 3 ; J)a cuxedon Romware y heo tcare dryegge ond scinltece. Another instance of the word occurs in Verc., f. I7 b , 1. 7; see quotation under lyblaeca. dumbness, dumbness [H., S.]. In BT. without ref., on the authority of Som., Ben., Lye. Ure Drihten gehalde \one ear man wodan fram his wodnesse 7 from his dumbnesse, Jun. 22, f. 58 b , 1. 5. The earliest quotation in the NED. is from Wicliff (circa 1380). *fdygan, to die. For }>an *6e ic nu deyn sceal, NRT. 14" (cf. note, p. 38). Cf. also Bjorkman, Zur dialektischen Prorenienx der nordischen Lehnworter im Englischen, p. 12. *dyrnmaga, presider over sacred, secret rites. Uy ate r larches = dyrnmaga, PGH. 397. *feaghlid, eyelid. In JElfric's Grammar, ed. Zupitza, p. 298 4 , palpebrce is rendered by breetcas, over which is written in MS. F., in a hand of the twelfth century, egcelid. An O.E. laghlid is not recorded, and the earliest instance in the NED. dates from about 1240. *ealdcy : 8 : S, old acquaintance. In BT., H., S. only in the sense of ' old country, old home.' pa badon >a cicelleras. for litura ealdcy*& > 6e, $ hi nioston him beran unforboden flmc , JES. ii, 72 90 . *ealdhri^er, old ox. Into Leomynstre iiii aldhry^Sra 7 into Sromgearde i hry^Ser, Cs. iii, p. 652 (eleventh centiuy). ealdhrl^erfljesc, flesh of an old ox? [S.]. Cf. WW. 127 33 . Succidia = eald hryterflasc. The llubens MS. really has eald hry^er flac (\>, not t, and the left out). Cf. K. Maunde Thompson, British Archaeological Association, 1885, p. 148. BT. and H. give ealdhryterflcesc, ' side of meat cut off' (BT.), ' flitch of bacon' (H.). *ealdordeofol, chief devil. ]ponne ]>u gesyxt \one ealdordeofol fe Iffi on Icec gelunden .... 7 sy>>an heo bi% geladd to ]>am eal&ordeofle Satanas, S. 9, p. 72. ealfara, a pack-horse [BT., H.]. fonne icces ^riddehealf \usend mula 'Se ]>a seaman wagon, 7 xxx ]>usenda ealfarena 7 oxna ]>a > Jiwcete laron, twa \usenda olfenda, Ang. iv, 147 20 (Epistola Alexandri}. See also Addenda. *ealugalne8, drunkenness. Instances will be found in the passages quoted from Verc., if. 11 and 116 (under aeraet and heamolscipe). Also Unrihthamed 7 eer&tas 7 ealogalnesse 7 oferfylle 7 unsibbe 7 dyrne geligre, etc., Jun. 23, f. 145, 1. 3. OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 19 , incorrigible. Giflie ]>onne jwwr sy, o^^e unandgyttol, earfo^rihte, Chr., p. 63. *Eastorsunnand8eg, Easter Sunday. Ic an heofonas astah an ]fone Jialgan Eautorsunnandceg , Wst. 222 21 . *east)?eod, Eastern people. Ond we \cer settan 7 geendebyrdedon ure gerefan ]>mn easfyeodum, Ang. iv, 142 63 (Epistola Alexandri}. ^ea^bylhnys, the being easily moved to anger. See quotation under forhealdnes. *ea : Scngwe, easily recognizable. Though quoted by Sohrauer, Kleine Beitrage zttr ae. Orammatik, 1886, this word is not recorded in BT., H., or S. Seo cfter coniugatio ys ful ecfacn&we, JEG. 147 8 . *ecglinga, edgewise? f)onne ]>u candelbryd habban wille, astrehtre ]>inre tvinstran handa, ofsete hy eclinga mid ]>inre swi[]>~\ran, KlZs. 28 ; Stric \u eclinga mid ceg^ere hande ofer ctfSerne earm, ibid. 107. Cf. Kluge's note on p. 130. *efenapostol, fellow-apostle. Ne mag ic J ana don, ac her cumafe mine efnapostolas to me, S. 8, . 351, 1. 25; Ic bere ^isne Jialgan lichoman mid minum efnapostolum, S. 2, p. 284. Cf. also quotation under dea^enung. *efenbirSe, equally rejoicing. Ne wepcfe git me na swa ic dead ty, ac beo> me efenbli^&e, MH. 28 8 . *efenhada, one of equal rank, a colleague. 7 eac ^ c geleornode Y ic nu secgan wylle, of ]icere gescegene mines efenhadan, ]>ces biscopes, GrD. 43 22 (MS. H. reads sumes bisceopes mines efenhadan]. The efenhadabisceop in BT. and H., which is founded on the passage, must of course be deleted. *efenheafda, a fellow-mate. ]pa wees (fder man, ]>ces mannes efenheajda, \&tte him sceolde an hund peninga ; ]>a nolde he ^ces borges ncenne d&l al&tan. Mid ]>y >e >cet geascode se >e hira bega hlaford wees, ]xet he nane Ir&e ]>am his [fol. 79 b ] efenheafdan gedon wolde, \a net he hine cegliwylcne settling agifan, Verc., f. 79, 1. 22. ^efenhleo^rian, to sing together. Gyf \onne \a deoflu \cet ongytafc }>cet heo (the soul of a - dead man) sceal beon on heora geferscype, ]>onne becfe hi ealle vfenhleofyriende 7 swy>e bli>e, Jun. 22, f. 103, 1. 19. efenmsessepreost, fellow-priest [BT., H. ]. ]pis wundor me scede Speciosus, mm efenmeessepreost, GrD. 283 3 . *efenmedome, equally worthy. Sunu min, myltsa me 7 onfoh deafte y ]>u si efenmedome ]>inwn bro*6rum, MH. 134 9 . efen.mib.tig, equally mighty [BT., H.]. He We elcora on nacodre eor^Sran (r. eor^San}, Jun. 86, f. 79, 1. 10; Ne gedafenafc cristenan men J he elcora [<&>], 2 Jun. 86, f. 79 b , 1. 1. These passages occur in B1H., p. 227 " and 227 u , but in each case the Blickling MS. has elles. eletredde, oil-press [BT., H.]. ]pa ]>a se Godes wer j> geseah f of \xere eletreddan naniqe gemete aniq dal eles ut eode .... J / J is 7 7 7 ]? wearp f water mid his handum on }>a eletreddan, GrD. 251 2 . *eoredmenigu, multitude. ]pa \a . . . se an deofol wear% hire of adrifen, ]>a far ing a geeode on hi micel eoredmeniu, GrD. 73 32 (MS. H.); Se swa micele swi^Sor . . . befealh his gebeduin, swa micele swa he onfunde on anum lichaman him ongean standan \one ormcstan truman \ara deojla eoredmenigeo, ibid. 74 21 . eor^aern, cave, tomb. It is not confined to poetry, as indicated in S. ])onne is ]xet ]>ridde \cet lihte^S call geond eor>cern, Verc., f. 89 b , 1. 6 ; Apogium = eor^ern, WW. 350 15 . *eor : 6byrgen, grave. On \am sixtan dtege ]feostru waron gewordene ofer eor^an fram *6cere sixtan tide o% >a nigo^an tide, 7 ttanas wurdon tobrocene, 7 eorSbyryenna wurdon opene, S. 5, p. 384, 1. 6. *eor^denu, cave, fissure in the ground, tomb, ponne ealle eorftware up arisafe of ^Seem ealdum eor^Sucrafum 7 of >gebyrst, landslip. Cf. NSCh., p. 54. [BT.] H. gives one ref. to ELC., p. 379. eorftscraef, cave, tomb. It is not confined to poetry, as indicated in S. Cf. quotation under eor'Sdenu. *eorftstyren, fem., an earthquake. See quotation under mynsterstede. 1 Archiv, xci, p. 201. 2 do, supplied from Blickling MS. Jun. 86 now reads cristan for -tenan, but the word has been inked over by a later hand, and probably originally read -tenan. 284 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY - A. 8. NAPIER. 21 eorSwerod, inhabitants of the world [BT., H.]. For . . . . b?6 eal astyred ge heofonwered, ge eor&wered, ge hellwered, Wst. 25 21 ; and 203 s . estan, with dat., to indulge [BT., H.]. Wa \am hirdum \e esta^S heom silfum, sica Jieom betst liccfe, Wst. 190 17 . *e : 5rede, easy to guess. Cf. M. Forster, ES. xxxvi, 326. *ffaegennes, joy. J? ongunnon hi ealle to wepenne for fagennesse, R. 17, p. 121 6 , p. 128 8 , p. 176", and p. 177 35 ; Vat wif war* J> ofwundred of swylcere sundfulnesse 7 ]>arrihtes beot hire handan togadere for fagennesse, ibid., p. 123 2 ; He .... ongan to wepenne for fagenntsse, ibid., p. 124 80 and p. 173 35 . The earliest quotation for fainness in the NED. is from the Cursor M. (circd 1300). fsenmenlic, maidenly, virgin-like. Recorded, without references, in BT., H., S. ; BT. gives Som., Ben., Lye as his authorities. D >u forhogedest mine bebodu . . . . j ]>a >u ware of neorxnawange ascofen j ic ]>e wolde eft miltsian, ]>a (S. 8 reads j> for )>a) ic fcemnelicne (S. 8, famnenlicne) innv gesohte j ic wees mid cildclcfaum bewunden, Verc., f. 60, 1. 9. (This passage also occurs in S. 8, f. 45 b , 1. 4.) *f geraerning, rapid marching, quick riding. Ipa }>&* lufansprecenan ealdormannes here mid fcer&rninge (= cursu rapido] becom to xumre ea . . . . ^eer hi ealle ungunnon heora hors mid heora sperescceftum Iperscan, (irD. 14 24 . faldgang, going to the fold [tL]. Sceote man telmessan .... eet mlhgange peninc, swa at faldgange peninc, Wst. 170 20 (MS. E.). feldh.rl)er, a field ox [H.]. BT. has it with the ref. "Chart ad calc. C. R. Ben." (derived no doubt from Lye, who has it with this ref.), which is the Bury St. Edmunds inventory in MS. C.C.C. (Oxf .), 197. Cf. quot. under scoru. *feltungrep, dunghill. Wyrse is ]xet mon > y hit becom upp to ]>am fenestrum, GrD. 220 15 ; ^ water weox upp to >am fenestrum, ibid. 220 M . feohgafol, usury [H., S.]. BT. has it without reference, on the authority of Som., Ben., Lye. Ne higion hi on feohgafole (= Usuris nequaquam incumbant], Chr., p. 126. 285 '2 01, 1) KXGL1SH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIKK. feohspeda, riches, wealth [BT., H.]. pa gebrcfera ahton myccle feohspedafor worulde, GrD. 273 2 . feondgyld, an idol. The word is recorded in the dictionaries, the source being Ps. 105 24 (ed. Thorpe), and in S. it is marked as only occurring in poetry. But it is also found in prose : pa hie ]>a eor%an delfende deoppor ofdune becomon, ]>a gebro^ru fundon ^cer sum a gefealh he \cer in . . . . 7 him swfye ondred ]> a feondgyld ]>e \arinne war on, ibid. 189 2 ; p fla&c }>e hi heorafeondgyldum onscegd hafdon, ibid. 232 15 . feormfultum, a contribution of provisions. BT. has only one instance; another will be found below, s.v. sceppe. *ferele, f. (Lat. ferulci), a rod. pa ^>a he ongeat ]>a beran, he sloh hi 7 \arsc mid ^are telgan (MS. 0. has feerelan. The Lat. has ferula], GrD. 229 2l ; Hi ondredon ^cure ferelan slegas (so MS. C. MS. 0. hasfarelan sieges. The Lat. is ictus ferule], ibid. 229 25 . *tfingermsl, finger-measure. NUT. 22 8 . *firenlustgeorn, wanton. Ne syn we to gifre ne to frece ne to Jirenlustgeorne ne to afestige, Wst. 253 s . *fiscno : 6 ; (i) sheet of water (containing fish), (ii) a catch of fish. The dictionaries only record fiscno^S in the sense of ' fishing.' Instances of (i) are : Do weeron twrgen gebro\ra welige on life 7 heefdon tenne fixno\ on anum bradum mere ac }>arn fixnolpe (or does it mean here ' right of fishing'?). Hwcet ]>a se bisceop wear\ yetmblissod for \am blodes gyle 7 dbad )>a at Gode J he worhte ]>one waterscipe to icynxumum yr]>lande, 7 f tvceter sona geioande of ]>ai fixnolpe, 7 ween se mere awend to widgyllum felda, swa j man erode ealne ^>one fixno^, Trin., p. 110; Hit getimode sica, ]>a >a se /falend was her on life mid mannum, j> he stod mid ^am folce swa wi> aenne fixnof* y wees an brad mere, Genesare^ gehaten, ibid., p. 351, 1. 6; He het hi/ airt'orpan heora net on fixno^e, 1 ibid., p. 352, 1. 2. Instances of (ii) are: Ne beerst heora net on >isum fixno^&e for "Scere getacnunge ]>e tee cer sadon ; 7 ^esfixnt^ getacnaK }>a halgan gela^unge, j> is enll cristen folc, ibid., p. 359, 1. 9; For %an }>e se jixno^, after his ariste, getacnode scfelice J7 gesaligan cristenan, ibid., p. 359, 1. 20 ; pa ]>a Petrus geseah swylcne fixno^S mid hym, \a feol he sona to ]>e, ibid., p. 362, 1. 9. 1 Does it here mean 'into the water' or 'for a catch'? The Latin (Luke v, 4) has in capturam, and the W. Sax. versiota on Iponejiscu-er. 286 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 23 *fi^>ercian, to flutter (from f&ere). So*6>lice him com to sum swy^e sweart 7 lytel fugel . . . . Se ongann flogettan 7 fi\ercian ymb his ansyne, GrD. 100 19 . flaescbana, murderer [BT., H.]. Se Jl&scbana ]>e to his cwealme gecoren wees, spearn hine, GrD. 254 26 ; fa se wcelhreowa fl&scbana . luefde j> getogene sweord on his handa, ibid. 254 33 ; Se ylca flcescbana Ipam was alyfed J he sloh ]>one arwyr6an deacon lifigemlne, ibid. 294 19 . ^fljescsand, portion of meat. Gif ma\_n~\ mebbe smeamettas, tylle man twam 7 twam two, fl&scsande ; 7 to heora &fen\enunge sylle man twam 7 twam ane fl&scsande oK'Ze (fere smeamettas, Chr., p. 23. *flescJ7enung, mensura de carne. See quotation under boc. *fleamdom, flight. D fleah se Siba ( = Sheba, cf. 2 Sam. xx) midfleamdotne aweg, Jun. 23, f. 63 b , 1. 14. *fleardere, a trifler. Warnige he eac y he fyurh ge\afunge ne wur>e \cera flear&era gefera, Chr., p. 31. *flinten, adj., of flint. Heo waron stanenre heortan 7 flintenre, Wst. 252 x (^IS. A.). *folccwide, popular saying. Swa eald folccwide civy> (= ut uulgo dicitur], Chr., p. 110. ^folcgedrefnes, tribulation. 7 mycelfolcgedrefnesse bi> %onne on forandcege his gode win, oiily Thorpe divided wrongly onforan dcege. *forbyrdig, forbearing. Her (in this present life) he is swi*6e forebyrdig ofer us, ac he is ]>cer (in the future life) swi>e re>e, AL. ii, 394 5 (from MS. S. 18, p. 222). The same passage occurs in MSS. Vercelli and S. 2 : Her he is swi%e forebyrdig for us, ac he bi> eft us swi'Ke re^e, MS. Verc., fol. 16 b , 1. 6 ; Her he is swi^e forbyrdig for us, ac he bit eft uurhwrecen, Bodl. 340, fol, 38 b , 1. 1. This same passage (also with the reading forclas} occurs in Verc., fol. 63 b , 1. 16. I have assigned to the word the 287 24 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIKK. meaning 'prongs,' as it is probably adapted from the Latin furcula, and in mediaeval pictures of hell the devils are provided with such instruments. From the same Latin furcula seems to come a verb twlfyrclian, ' to bifurcate, fork off from, be different from,' which occurs in Chr., p. 164 : Sufelice ]>eah ale leasung habbe sume yelicnysse }>eah twyfyrclafe 7 todaffi seo arwyrftnys ( = dijftrt tamen dignitas, etc.) ]xes so>an icisdomes fram licetunge leasre tare. This verb is not in the dictionaries, but BT. has an instance of the corresponding adj. from J&Gc. 288 10 , var. lect., twifyrclede = bifidus, BT. cites from the Chron., A.D. 1 106, fyrcliende, ' dividing into two.' fordemedlic, condemnable [BT., H.]. Ac ge^enc .... AM swi>e fordemedlic j> by]>, \e ne by'ft butan hete 7 ni>e gesprecen, GrD. 208 9 ; }Dampnosa=fordemetlice, FNG1. 68. *fforelcian, to put off, delay. J eac f 07 " \ an J sume ]>a gecorene Ja sume dale dweliye^S, beon fyurh heora dea> afyrhte j gemanede to Godes \enunga \e heo forelcodan, Vesp., f. 162, 1. 9. *forestapol, going before. Preuio = forestapulum, PGH. 396. forewarnian, (i) to warn beforehand, (ii) to take warning beforehand [BT., H.]. S. gives the second meaning with the ref. 'Gl.,' which no doubt means this instance. Instances of (i) are : Be >am treowe Crist sylf forewarnode ceg^er ge Adam ge Euan, Verc., f. 107, 1. 8 ; JEalle \as \mg him weeron atywede to ^am j; hi sceoldon us forewarnian, S. 5, p. 437, 1. 8. An instance of (ii) occurs in the Abbo gll. : Uideas = forewarna \u, ZfdA. xxxi, p. 9 18 . *forhealdnes, inchastity. Manna forhealdnessa, y is unrththamed, Jun. 85, fol. 3 b , 1. 2 ; Paulus ^cer geseah ondryslic weald >ara managa gasta >e manna hyrtan besioica^S : y is talnessa gast, 7 for- healdnyssa gast, 7 hathyrtnyssa gast .... 7 ea^bi/lhnysza gait, etc., ibid., f. 5 b , 1. 15; Ne gewemma'% eowre lichaman ^urh forhealdnesse, Verc., f. 119 b , 1. 10. Of. WW. 420 ", incestus = forhealden; and also B1E. 185 27 , Swa se wer hit wrece]>, g if his wif hie forhealde]>. *forhwyrfednys, perversity. DM lufadest ealle forhwyrfednesse word, Jun. 22, f. 104^, 1. 5. *forligerwif, prostitute. J?M eart meretrix, ]xet is forlegorwif, MH. 14t) 19 . *fforsacenny8, denial. Se eadige apostel Petrus sone e he swy>e biterlice weop ^xere ^reofealdan forsacanysse synne, Ang. xi, 386 383 (from Vesp., f. 115). *fforsacung, denial. He wees unrot for ]> it mane a^Sas, Chr., p. 62. *for : 5geleorodnes, departure, death. Hi arison 7 mid him sung on for ]xere bade his andes j for^&geleorodnesse, GrD. 282 u . foreman, man of rank [H., S.]. In BT. on the authority of Som., Ben., Lye. He 0100*6 j? sum foreman ware on Myrcna lande, Jun. 23, f. 38 b , 1. 11. *forwened, suspeetus. Suspecta = forwened, PBB. xxx. 12 106 . It is a gl. to Beda's Vita Cuthberti, xxxvii, 15. The dictionaries have the word in the sense of ' insolent.' *forwenednes, insolence. Insolentiam = forwenednesm, Archiv, Ixxix, 89 (from the Rubens Glosses ; cf. note to byrnete). *forwundorlic, very wonderful. S. has the adverb. Petrus ctc(e>, la y forwundorlic wise (= res mtra\ GrD. 240 *, 255 M . fotsld, adj., extending to the feet [BT., H.]. See notes to fotsijjgerif and fotsl}>sticcel. Cf. lendensid. [fotsijjgerif, stoppage of a footpath.] The authority for this word, which appears both in BT. and H., is a gl. in the Rubens Glossary, which was printed by Somner, p. 55 : Limes fot sid gerif (= WW. 107 n ). The MS. actually has Limus fot sid gerif , and as Liibke pointed out (Archiv, Ixxxvi, 399), the lemma Limus is from Isidor, who defines it as ' vestis, qua .... ad pedes producitur ' ; we must therefore separate with L. fotsid (== reaching to the feet) and gerif (=a garment), related to reaf (cf. M.H.G. geroube). Cf. fotsi^sticcel. [fotsi^sticcel, a cloak.] The authority for this word, which appears both in BT. and H., is a gl. in the Rubens Glossary, which was printed by Somner, p. 69 : Clamis, hacele vel fotsi^S sticcel (=WW. 153 9 , where the tticcel is corrected to sciccel}. The MS., however, has fotsid sciccel, and means 'a garment reaching to the feet' (cf. Liibke, Archiv, Ixxxvi, 399). Cf. fotsij> gerif. *fraco^word, insulting word. He . him sade, hu manigne teonan 7 orwyrdu (MS. 0. -r>u) \ara nunnena fracofewyrda (MS. 0. -worda] he ge)>rowode, GrD. 152 ". *framfaereld, departure, pa hyrdas >a spracon him letweonan after %cera engla framfarelde, .2EH. i, 40*. 289 26 OLD ENGLISH LKXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAP1KR. freawlitig, very beautiful [BT., H.]. Be ^6 am garsecge is wildeora cynn \a hattan catini ; ^a syndon freawlitige dear, Narr., p. 38 15 . *freolsniht, night before a festival. J?a cildra \e beo> begiten on Sunnanniht 7 on \am halganfrrolxnilitum, hi sceolan beon gebo>ene butan eagon, S. 4 (Priebsch, Otia Jferxeiana, i, 137 s0 ). freondsped, abundance of friends. The word is in the dictionaries, from Genesis 2330, and it is marked in S. as only occurring in poetry. It is, however, also to be found in prose : Bi> ]>a;t aghwylcum men micele selre 7 wislicre Ipcet he hine gehealde on his freodome gesundne 7 unfacne, tyeah Ipe he his freondspedum treowige, ]>fenne he scyle after \am bendum ]>& freodomes ceapian, Verc., f. 77 b , 1. 13. Frigeniht, Thursday night [BT., S.]. H. has It without reference. The earliest instance in the NED. is from the Ancren Riwle. Se wees sume Frigemht in cyricean, MH. 136" (tenth century) ; On ]>are Frigenihte ]>e atforan Eastron bi]>, hcefde ure Ueelend, eer ]>an \e he ]>rotvod, &wi\e langsume sprcece wty his horning cnihtas, Trin., p. 104 24 (this passage also occurs in MS. Carub. li. 4, 6, p. 399); Sunnannihtum ne mtsxsenihtum ne Wodnes- nihtum ne Frigenihtum, Wst. 305 u . frignung, question [BT., H.]. In S. it is given as a hypo- thetical form. Eft iferu socn 7 frignung me in on mod bectimen, GrD. 137 29 . *fri : Ssumian, to make peaceful, protect ? Ealle fri>suma\ God on eallum his tnihtum, Sievers, ZfdA. xxi, 189, and Birch, f Trans, of Royal Soc. of Lit. xi, 508 (from MS Titus, D. 27/f. 55 b ). *fr6forword, word of consolation. Ne he nan froforword ne onfo ne ne gehyre, GrD. 344 28 . *frumdysig, first offence, initium peccati. fa \u-yran 7 \a heardheortan 7 ]>a modigan 7 ]>a ungehyrmman sona on Ipam frumdysige swinge ma\_n], Chr., p. 28. frumtld, beginning [BT., H.]. ]pes ylca }as arwyr^an lifes wer gefyohte 7 geteohho'de on ]xere frumtide his inbetynednesse, GrD. 212 s . fuhtian, to be moist [H., S.]. BT. has it, without ref., from Som., Ben., Lye. J? >a \urh hiwunge beo> swa hole swa hreod, wiftutan scinende 7 wi^innan amtige, 7 \a >e fuhtigende beo^S on fulre galnesse, on swylcum he (the devil) maca^ symle his tvununge, Jun. 22, f. 62, 1. 13 (this passage is contained in seven other MSS., 290 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. 8. NAPIER. 27 from one of which it was printed by G. Stephens, Tvende Old- engelske Digte, 1853, p. 94). *ffulhtnian, cf. gefulh-. *tfullfor : Sian, to fulfil. On untnimnesse tvur> Godes mihte fulforKod, S. 17, p. 127, 1. 5. *fulwihtwaeter, baptismal water, pa sona eode ]xer blod 7 water atsomne ut of \cere wunde. ^pcet tacnode hcelo middangeardes, j> >urh his blod fulwihtwceter gewyr\an sceolde, Verc., f. 8 b , 1. 2. fylling, a filling, completion [H.]. BT. has fyllung without reference, on the authority of Sorn., Ben., Lye. S. has fylling without ref. Cf. below s.v. sceppe. *glslic, luxuriosus. Getlalic }>ig is win, 7 druneennys is hlides full ( = Luxuriosa res est vinum, et tumultuosa ebrietas, Prov. xx, 1). Chr., p. 120. gangsetl, privy [H.]. In BT. without ref., on the authority of Som., Ben., Lye. Hit is yfelscfe y }>as uplendiscnn wif wyllcfa oft drincan jfur]>on etan full ice on gangsetlum, ES. viii, 62 (Jun. 23, f. 61). *gastbrucende, practising in the spirit. And ealle \a godnyssa \e lie bebreac he woes gastbrucende, JES. ii, 4 M . gese^an, to swear. The dictionaries only record the past participle, geared mann, ' a sworn witness,' from Edgar's Laws (AL. i, 274 18 ). He hit sicutele mid ofesware ge^6Ae 7 geswor, ]>us cwcf&ende, " Ic Petrus and bisceop on ^cere Antiuchiscan cyrieean ge^e 7 swerige ]>urh \one lifigendan Godes sunu . y \a& word \e on ]>is eerendffeivrite awritene sytidon . . . nceron of nanes mannes handa gehiwode" Napier, Furnivall volume, p. 361 24 . On the corresponding M.E. Z\en, cf. Zupitza, Ang. i, 469-70, and to the instances given by Zupitza add Wars of Alexander, line 340. *gealpettan, to boast, to live gluttonously? \>a ~%e her swi^Sost galpett(r& 7 on unrihttidum on oferfyllo bio> forgriwene, ]>a bio> }> Sfo caritas \e lialdwine abbod hafS geunnon his gebro^rum for Eadwardes xatvle, \ is healf pund at his geargemynde to face, St. E., f. 108; to minon geargemynde, ibid. The same expression, as Mr. W. H. Stevenson reminds me, continued long in use in wills : e.g. And my wt/ll is that the same Robert Pygeon have gouernans 8f rewlyng of my obytts, that ys for to sayn, my ^erys mynde, Furnivall, Earliest English Wills, p. 15* (A.D. 1408). *gebaene, geban? bones. Cf. O.H.G. gibtini, N.H.G. Gebein. peer he wuna> mid his gebana reliquium, GrD. 86 u (MS. C. As the reading of MS. 0. Hecht gives gebonne is synfulra stow on to eardiann? 7 hier[a~\ gebunes, Jun. 85, f. 35 b , 1. 15 ; Wala ^Sonne *6am synfullum >e hyra gebnnes bi'ft mid deoflum, Jun. 86, f. 38 b , 1. 15 ; Seo heonfonlice gehvnes, Jun. 86, f. 39 b , 1. 9. gebyr5-, birth. Cf. Lgedenlic. *geclging, invocation. liletsien hi (Brest hi selfe mid Cristes rode tacene frirh geciginge \cere halgan ^rynnysse, Chr., p. 35. geclofa, counterpart of a document [BT., H.]. Cf. NSCh., p. 80. geclyfte, adj., cleft [BT., H.]. Sectilem = geclyfte, PGH. 393. *gecoplic, adj., fitting, suitable. The dictionaries have the adv. for]>on }>e nu genoh gecoplicu wise hi sylfe gegearwode, GrD. 60 8 . *gecow, thing to be chewed, food. Eala, %u wyrma gecow 7 wulfes geslit 7 fugles geter, Verc., p. 23, 1. 1. *fgecrocod, bent, crooked. The earliest instance of crooked in the NED. is from the Lambeth Homilies (circd 1175). He . . . . gehalde ]>eer tsnne crepel se ivces fram feala geare eal togcedere gecrocad, S. 17, p. 131, 1. 23. gecwedstow, place of meeting [BT., H.]. pa wees geworden y se foresprecena wer to ]xere gecwedstowe .... was geiceded, GrD. 183 7 . gecwicung, a coming to life again [BT., H.]. Svton hit gelimpe f s* man \urh Ipas lichaman gecwicunge sy gelceded to ]xes modes life, GrD. 21 8 ". *gecwidradne8, agreement, covenant. This word occurs in an inscription, cut round the archway into the southern transept of 292 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 29 the Saxon church at Breamore, Hants, which runs, " Her swutelafe seo gecwydrcednes ^e." It was first printed in the Athenaeum, August 14, 1897, p. 233, on the occasion of the meeting of the Royal Archaaoiogical Institute at Dorchester, and has since been published by G. B. Brown, The Arts in Early England, London, 1903, i, 234-5. It is rendered in both by "Here becomes (is made) manifest the covenant to thee." I do not, however, believe that the ^e means ' to thee,' but that it is simply the relative pronoun, and that the inscription had a continuation (now lost) in some other part of the church, and I render it, " Here is made known the covenant which ." gedafen, n.sb., what is fitting. S. has the substantive, which is not recorded in BT. or H. Ipa was \cer hwylchugu ylding ^cere tid \e man sceolde ]>a lic}>egnunye 7 \a gedafenu }>cere byrgene gefyllan 7 gyldan, GrD. 84*. *gedreog, adj., (i) fitting, suitable; (ii) quiet, silent. It is in BT., H., S., but the only meaning given is 'sober.' (i) Cneowien him on gedreogere stowe (= in loco congruo], Chr., p. 35 ; Hum hi sceolon on Lengtendagum an gedreogutn huse (= in competent* hospitali] almesmanna fet ]>wean, ibid., p. 79; Hit gedafna 1 ^ y fy&ra cumena hus beo an gedreohre stowe, ibid., p. 79. Instances of (ii) are : He Ipa sona .... awrat Cristes rodetacen on ]>ees horses hea/de 7 ealle his re^nysse awende on gelpwcernysse, swa J hit sy>>an wees stillre 7 gedreohre Iponne hit wcere cer ]>cere wodnysse,. GrD. 78 12 (MS. H.) ; f D bead se cynincg his cnihtes 7 his hunten y hi ealle wceron swi^e gedrioge, S. 17, p. 126, 1. 18; pa }? menn on heora bedde wairon 7 hit swi^e gedrih wees, ibid., p. 173, 1. 23. *gedrinca, cupbearer. Danihel wear> ]>a )xes cyninges gedrinca,. S. 6, p. 153, 1. 10. [gedrofenlic, troublous.] Cf. note to gehrorenlic. *gedrorenlic, transitory, perishable, unstable. Drihten, ]>u wast y ic eom gedrorenlic dust, Jun. 121, f. 152 b , 1. 17. The gedrofenlic in B1H. llo 3 is probably a misreading of the editor f or gedrorenlic ; cf. note to gehrorenlic. gedwolbiscop, heretical bishop [BT., H.]. Arrianus, se gedwol- biscop, GrD. 234 10 , 234 2l , 235 , 238 u , 238 15 , 238 . *geedyppol? Recensendos = geedyppole, PGH. 396. *geeftgadrian, to repeat. p \a he jn gelomlice sprcec mid geeftgadrode sprcece, GrD. 27 7 '. gefeall, a falling, fall [BT., H.]. Cf. NSCh., p. 116. ^gefeohtsumnes, joyfulness (the opposite of unrotnes}. God 293 30 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIEK. (flmihtig its 1a>ra% Itynesse 7 gefeohtitumnesse, dt'ofol us lecra^ yrre 7 unrotnesse, Jun. 85, f. I4 b , 1. 15. It is, of course, connected with gefeon, ' to rejoice.' *geferli : !Slice, sociably, together. JTeom bam wees forgifen J hi moston on anre eardungstowe geferli^lice hjian, ]>am eac gelamp hi samod geferli'Slice ferdon of lichaman, GrD. 313 21 . *tgefulhtnian, to baptize. Gelyfe> on God 7 by> gefulhtnede, Vesp., fol. 28 b . *gefyrnnes, antiquity. Be gefyrnysse haligra wceccma (= De wgiliarum antiquitate], Chr., pp. 8 ' and 39 ; Be dagredmnges gefyrnysse 7 ealderlicnysse, ibid., p. 40. *gehiilednes, healing. Hwafyer mid him ware anig gifu }> seo estfulnys }xere wceccan is gehiwcifalicud eallum halgum, S. 8, f. 135, 1. 14 (this passage also occurs in Verc., f. 14 b , 1. 4, and other MSS.). ^gehiwlsecan, to form, shape, fashion. 7 eac nianna ivynsumlie wlita (KJttr his agenan anlienessan geJiyiclaihte, St. E., f. 107. *gehlyste, audible ? ^ heora stefn sy Gode gehendre 7 gchlystre Jionne him syluum (= ut vox vicinior sit Deo quam sibi), Chr., p. 36. gehor(w)igian, to defile. The dictionaries only give the late Northumbrian gehorian, to spit. Gif ge mid synnum gehorgode beo>, Lambeth, f. 46 b ; Gehorwigende = sordidans, HyS. 5. *gehresp, a tearing, destruction. ])itrh ha?6enramanna gehresp 7 gestrodu, Verc., f. 73 (bottom line). *gehrorenlic, perishable, transitory, unstable. 7 nu se man se ^e ]xet ^ence^S }xet he of \ysse gehrorenlican worulde }>ong (sic) heojonlican rice begite, he >onne sceall eallinga o*&erne weg gefaran 7 o>rtttn dtedum don, Verc., f. 90, 1. 18; For }>on ]>eos woruhl is eall forwordenlic 7 yehrorenlic 7 gebrosnodlic 7 feallendlic, 7 eall \eos woruld is gewitenlic, S. 8, f. 315 b , 1. 15. Note that this last passage is contained in B1H. 115 3 , but that for gehrorenlic B1H. (as printed) reads gedrofenlic, but I have little doubt that the 1 This is printed in "Wanley, p. 131. 294 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 31 MS. has gedrorenlic ; Dr. Furnivall, when in Norfolk, kindly volunteered to look up the MS. for me, but was unable to get access to it. *gehyhtendlic, to be hoped for. ^ ]>e Paulm la cwce>6, y se geleafa ware gehyhtendlicra ^ingn 7 wenendlicra sped, organdie wise 1 na genra wife (this renders : Ext enim fides sperandarum substantia renim, argumenturn non apparentium L ), GrD. 269 13 . *gehyldlic, secure. -f ix myccle gehyldxlicre lif, (JrD. 348 10 . gelsere, empty. It is given in BT., H., S., but without ref. Kluge printed an O.E. fragment containing it in ES. viii, 474 (from MS. Tib. A, 3), and describes it as a cnrag \eu gelarne fram }>e, nan unrot gewite fram ]>e. Professor J. M. Hart, in Mod. Lang. Notes, i, 177, gave a second instance from Lcdm. ii, 62 ', \onne se geohsa of ]xere idlan wambe cymft 7 of ^fp,re geleeran, ne bet Ipone se fnoru. To these may be added : Seo gelcere ivamb ^ces slapendan 7 ]>a geloman weeccan Ipcet flcesc gesicencasS, Chr., p. 113; \Ane gelare pina hnutte, Lcdm. iii, 92 " (from the twelfth century Peri Didaxeon). *fgelste, manners, bearing. From O.N. iMi. He icas so^fcest on space 7 arwur^ on ]>eawe, sta?&ig on his gelcete, S. 17, p. 128, 1. 1 1. [gelimpwlse, an event, BT., H.] The source is Hpt. Gl. 457 ; we really have two glosses : gelimp renders euentum, and wisan the following rei; cf. NG1. i, '^165-6. gelij'ewacian, to calm, appease [BT., H.]. See quot. under cynefrymlic. gemy^e, junction of two streams or roads. Cf. NSCh., p. 114. genb5c, counterpart of an indenture [BT., H.]. Cf. KSCh., p. 80. *genihtian, to become night, grow dark. ])a ge]>t/strode hit 7 efne fcestlice genihtode ofer eattne middangeard fram mtddum dage 0*6 non, Verc., f. 7 b , 1. 19 (the same passage occurs in Bodl. 340, f. 148, 1. 2, and S. 8, f. 191, 1. 18). *gereordungtid, mealtime. \>&r ne mihton beon fundene na ma \onnefifhlafaii }>ani bro*%nim to hyra gereordungtide, GrD. 145 13 . ^gerid, food ? Eall seo lustfulnes 7 swetnes ]>ceurh his ffsse^Snysse, ]>eah ]>e hy sume noldon of >am ludeiscum hit lare under/on ne his gese^nysse, Trin., p. 292, 1. 10. gesidian, to measure, regulate, arrange [BT., S.]. Donne Jw setragel h abb an wille, ]>onne plice J>w >ine agene geweda mid twam jingrum, tospred \ine twa hancla 7 wege (MS. gewe] hi, swylce }>u setl gesydian wille, KlZs. 50. Cf. also Concinna = conueniens, benecoposita, yesydod, PGH., p. 396; Determinabit = gesidode, ibid., p. 399; consent = gesidode, ibid., p. 399. Cf. also besidian [BT.]. Besceawige se abbod 7 hate besidian ]xera reafa gemet J hy ne synd to scorte, RBS. 89 l8 . *geslit, something to be torn or rent. Not in BT., H., S. in this sense. Cf. quot. under gecow. *fgespillan, to spill (blood). This is the earliest quotation for the word in its modern sense. Seo gebletsod se ]>e nolde J min blod ware gespillod, Vesp., f. 91 b (printed by Hulme in MPh. i, p. 597). Cf. Max Fb'rster's note in Archiv, cvii, p. 319. *fgestning, hospitality, lodging. 7 8wa he com into \cere burh . ^a underfong he ]xer gestninge, S. 17, p. 129, 1. 5. The earliest quotation in the NED. is from about 1200. It is of Scandinavian origin. *gestrudian, wk. vb., to plunder. J}# bio^ }>a ]>e her hiora lichaman mid maestum unrihtum byldaft 7 ^ on o>rum mannum mid wo gestrudia];, Verc., f. 17, 1. 19. Cf. strudian. *gestyn}?0? some kind of punishment. See quotation under gealpettung. Can it be for *ft*fyng}o, ' a stabbing, piercing ' (= O.H.G. gistungida} ? *gesw8BSScipe, companionship, communion, par is ar 7 fagernes werum 7 tcifum, 7 geswcesscipe engla 7 geferrceden apostola, Verc., f. 71, 1. 1. This homily is also in Wulfstan, but the MSS. read here gefyoftscipe (Wst. 265 9 ). gesweordod, provided with a sword [H., S.]. BT. has one instance from " Aelfr. Gr. 43 ; Som. 45, 13 " (= JEG. 257 2 ). J? cwomon ]>ar semninga twegen englas to him gescildode 7 gesweordode 7 mid heregeatwum gegyrede, Verc. 98 b , 1. 8 (the Blickling MS. has gesceldode 7 gesperode, B1H. 221 28 ). geswigung, silence [H.. S.]. BT. has it on the authority of Lye. The dictionaries have swigung. See quotation under gej'yldmodnes. 296 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 33 gesylh^e, team of oxen [H.]. BT. has l gesylh>, a plough,' on the authority of Somner. Cf. NSCh., p. 127. *geter, something to be torn or rent. Xot in BT., H., S. in this sense. See quotation under gecow. *gej?raef, rebuke, censure. Hwcet sceal him ^cet genumene, j> he eft mid ge^rafe sceal agildan ? Chr., p. 18. Or is it miswritten for ge^rafunge ? gej?ryn, to press, bind. See note to Jryn. ge]>yldm6dnes, patience [H., S.]. Lye, Bosworth, and BT. record a ge}>ylmodness, ' patience,' the two former with the ref. ' Off. horn. Christ, o,' BT. merely on the authority of Lye. Gegearwien we ura saula clannesse mid lufan .... 7 mid godcundnesse 7 ge^yld- modnesse 7 geswigunge, ]>onne us man on >iveorh to sprece, Jun. 85, f. 32, 1. 15. *geunblissian, to make unhappy. See quotation under fixncrS. *gewsegnian, to condemn. The dictionaries have it, but not with this meaning, their only instance being WW. 400 * 5 (Frustrari = geicagnian), which is a gl. to Aldhelm, ed. Giles, 49 M . Nelle we na j> ma\_n] gewcegnige subdiacon . . . buton . . . mid sufon tuncgon And ne mag ma\_n~\ nanne diacon gewcegnian butan syx 7 \rittiga sum (= ~Et non dampnubitur subdiaconus . . . nisi in vii testimoniis. El non dampnabitur diaconus, nisi in xxxvi], Chr., p. 164; Be ]>am -p man nanne preost mid ea^elicum ]>inaum ne maye gewcegnian, ilnd., pp. 11 1 and 164. gewen, to bend, twist ( = G. *gaicahjan, from G. -wahs, O.E. woh) [BT., H.j. Obuncabat = gewede, Ang. xiii, p. 33; of. Sievers, Aug. xiii, p. 316. It also occurs in the Abbo Gil. printed by Zupitza, ZfdA. xxxi, p. 9. Obliquus = gewed cf. Archiv, xciv, p. 431. gewintld, troublous time [BT., H.]. ^ wees eallra (i.e. wundra] mcest . . . . $ se (elmihtiga God worhte ]>nrh his gegyrelan nu git o*& Ipas gewintide Lanybeardna, GrD. 210 ls . gifig, in possession of, rich [BT., H.]. Conpotern = gifine, Holthausen, Ang. xi, 171 (cf. also H.'s note). *giftfeorm, marriage feast. Be \am f preostas ne beon cet giftfeortnum, Chr., pp. 10 J and 130. gladung, joy, gladness [BT., H.]. Ne bi> \ar . . . ne arfastnys ne sibb ne hopa ne cenig gladung, Wst. 139 13 . H. has, however, gladung, 'word of command,' for which he gives the 1 This is printed in Wanley, p. 131, col. 2. 297 3 34 OLD KNGL1SH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAl'IKK. ref. to RBS. 137 ". The passage runs, Mid heora hand urn wyrcende heora sealmax singafy, swylce hy heora geswinc mid godcundre gla/lmnfi' (= tanquam dirino celeumate) gefremmen. Celeuma here, I tajce it, means ' joyful singing,' and the translator has understood it as 'joyfulness, gladness,' so that we here have a second instance of gladwig, ' joy.' Hall has evidently taken celeuma in the sense of the Greek iceXevfta, l an order, command,' hut for its later use in Latin cf. Ducange, where it is defined as cantut nautanim quern in pronptris prasertim concinnebant. Cf., too, WW. 202 31 , cereuma vel celeuma . . . = leta cantatio, lewisplega (read leofywise, plega?). [gladung, word of command.] See note to gladung, joy. godwraeclic, impious [BT., H.]. Hi . ... on/on no!dn ne na gehrinan \am unalyfdan 7 godwradican mete, GrD. 232 13 . *goldgearwe, gold ornaments. Danne ne gefultuma> %e he his lichaman oferjlownesse mid fr&twafe, Jun. 86, f. 58, 1. 13. (For *6ara g. wl., B1H., p. 195, reads \ara goldwlenca}.* goldleaf, gold plate [BT., H.]. Deah ]>e %a mihtegestan 7 )>a ricestan hatan him rests gewyrcan of marmanstaiie .... mid goldleafum gestrewed ymbutan, Wst. 263 6 . gorettan, to stare about [BT.]. Cf. ]S T G1., note to 5, 3, and: N~e gan hi goretyndum eagum, ne mid unyemidludre tungan, o^S^Se maffigendre ne prutlicre stceppincge (= Non rngis oculis, non infreni lingua, aut petulanti tumidoque gestu incedant], Chr., p. 126. grsefa (or -fe?), bush, brushwood, thicket, grove. Cf. KSCli., p. 61. *gretingword, word of greeting. Da slop se encgel to ]< is on urtun gtreorde gretingicm <1, Archiv, ci, 313. Also in ^EG. 209 ". gyldenmii^a, golden-mouthed [BT., H.]. As Zupitza pointed out in his review of Hall (Archiv, xciv, p. 431), this word occurs in the Abbo glosses (ZfdA. xxxi, p. 7) rendering crisostomus. A further instance is : $ysui wordum xe ilca gyldenmu^a Gregorius wees sprecende, GrD. 94 34 . 1 The homily from which this passage is taken (Juu. 86, foil. 40 b -61 b ) corresponds to the fourth of the Blickling Homilies (pp. 39-53), aud the pi- B1H., p. 19.5, called by Morris 'a fragment,' really forms part of it. the l-:if containing it having been bound in the wrong place". It should come between pp. 58 and 59 of the Bliokhug MS. as now bound, and For^on oft hit (j etc. (B1H., p. 195), should follow for^on .ii/ndmi JKIWH \e ^tem deadan gtt weor]>on. In Juu. 86 the passage is in its right plaee. Th;tt the so-called 'fragment' forms part of this homily was recognised by Holthausen, ES. xiv, 395. 298 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 35 hadarung, respect of persons [H., S.]. BT. has it, without reference, from Somner in the distorted form haderung. Domas sceolon beon butan alcere hadarunge : f> ys J he ne murne nafter ne rycum ne heanum, ne leofum ne la?&um folcriht to recceanne, Liebermann, GesAgs. i, 474. Somner's form is probably taken from the corresponding passage in the Quadripartitus. *h.8eftnydnes, captivity. Hwylc mihte beon mare wcelgrimnes \onne ure hceftnydnes on helle fcostrum, Jun. 22, f. 102, 1. 8. ^algungboc, a benedictional. Not in Somner, Bosworth, BT., H., or S., but it is in Lye with the ref. " LI. Angl. Sax., pag. 119": this is evidently Wilkins, Leges Anglo-Sax., p. 119, where the whole eleven lines are printed. Although the whole has been published at least five times, 1 it seems to have escaped the notice of philologists, and I therefore reprint the verses here. On the MS. (Cotton, Claudius A. iii, f. 31 b , first half of eleventh, century) cf. Liebermann, GesAgs. i, p. xxxii. " Ic eom halgungboc, healde hine Dryhten \e me fcegere j>u$ frcetewum belegde ; tyureK to ]>ance ]>iis liet me loyrcean to loue 7 to lonr^e ]>am ^e leoht gesceop ; gemyndi is he mihta gehivylcre ^>ces ^e lie on foldan gefreinian mceg 7 him ge^ancie ]>eoda ivaldend, Tfce& ]>e he on yemynde madma mcmega wyle gemearcian metode to lace ; 1 he sceal ece lean ealle findan \as\e lie on foldan frematy to ryhte." *haligllce, in a holy manner. Se by^ Gode ge\eodd se >e hyt haliglice de%, Verc., f. 110, 1. 26. *halsungtima, time of supplication. Swylce fram ]>(es dceges upspringe to halsungtiman \reo tida synforS afeenede, Chr., p. 46. *hama, a snake's slough. The O.E. liama means ' covering, garment, womb'; it also glosses ' puerperium ' (cf. NG1. i, 351); but in the sense of ' a snake's slough ' (cf. M.E. dragons liame) it has not hitherto been recorded. Seo nceddre awurp^S celce geare 1 Wauley, p. 226; Wilkins, Concilia, i, 285; Leges Anglo- Saxonica, p. 119; Wright & Ilalliwell, Reliquiae Antiques, ii, 195; Birch, Hyde Liber Vitee, p. xxii. In R. Schmid's (Jenetze der Angelsachsen, p. xxiv, the first two lines only are printed. 299 36 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. hire ealdan haman, 7 bi^S \onne befangen mid eallniwum felle, Trin., p. 411, 1. 18. *heafodbend, a diadem, crown [BT.]. Both H. and S. have it in the sense of 'a fetter round the head,' and H. gives a ref. to .J2S. i, 466 423 . See quot. under cynebend. heafodbolla, skull. It is in the dictionaries, but without any instances ; BT. merely refers to Lye. He hi bar to ^eere stowe seo is gecweden cwealmstow 7 heafodbollan stow, S. 8, f. 164 b , 1. 23. heafodhraegl, head-covering [BT.]. H. gives a ref. to LSc. 74 2 . A second instance is to be found in PBB. xxx, 13 123 . Oraria = heafodhragel. It is a gl. to Beda's Vita Cuthberti, xlii, 4. *heahm8essedaeg, high mass day. An heahmassedagum, $ is Sancte Stephanes 7 Sancte lohannes, etc., Chr., p. 135. healffreo, half-free [BT., H.]. Sceote man celmesson .... hwilum be teo\unge, hwilum be mannes efenwihte, hicilum be freotmen, hwilum be healffreon, Wst. 171 4 (MS. E.). heamol, miserly, frugal. This word has hitherto only been found in glosses, WW. 23 9 , 404 9 (cf. GET., p. 612). But it also occurs elsewhere : To hwan wurd ^6u swa heamul minra goda ]>e ic >e dyde 7 tealde? Verc., f. 68, 1. 16 (this homily occurs in Wst. 250 seqq., but the reading there ("Wst. 258 12 ) is feesthafol, not heamol}. *heamolscipe, miserliness, niggardliness. 7 forltetan ice mor\or 7 man 7 oferhydyg 7 afeste 7 idel gilp 7 unrihtwisnessa j unrihthtemedas, 1 (Braetas 7 ealogalnesse, dysinessa, 7 gedwollcrceftas, gitsunga 7 gifernessa, leasunga j licettunga, talnessa 7 twysprcecnesxa, ni%as 7 nearo^ancas 7 heamolscipas j eallra ]>ara ^eawa \e dioftu on him sylfum onstealdon, Verc., f. 11, 1. 16. hebban, intrans., to rise. He stall up to %am stepele, 7 of >am stepele hof upp on lyfte, Wst. 100 3 . Neither BT. nor H. gives the intrans. meaning. *heflgmod, sad, grieved. JElc man maeg ]xer (i.e. in heaven) aeseon cferes mannes ge^oht, ne him n&fre ne hingrdK, ne he hejigmod ne bff>, ne him ^urst ne dera%, Jun. 99, fol. 115, 1. 12 (also in Trin., p. 281, and other MSS.). The dictionaries have hejigmod, but only in the sense of 'troublesome, hostile,' etc., and for this BT. has but one instance, viz. ' Ps. Spl. T. 54 3 ' ( = Eadwine's Cant. Ps.), where it renders molestus. 1 Elsewhere unrihtfuemed, so far as I have noted it, is neuter in Verc. ; cf. the quotation from Verc., f. 116, which is a repetition of this passage, s.v. Herat. 300 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 37 *hegslj>e, hay-scythe. See quotation under gehammen. *helleloc, hell-prison. D ongunnon swy^lice beotian $ hi scoldon hine peniman 7 geladan to hellelocum, GrD. 325 30 . *hellheort, afraid, terrified. For ^am egsan }xes engles ansynes Ipa weardas ivceron af&rede 7 hellheorte, 7 efne siva forhte gewordene swa heo deade tvceron, Bodl. 340, f. 149, 1. 12 (the same words occur again f. 145, 1. 7). Though not in Bosworth, Ettmiiller, Leo, BT., H., S., this word is recorded in Somner, Benson, and Lye, and Somner quotes this very passage, though without giving a reference to any MS. Can it he connected with M.H.Gr. hell, hellic, ' weak, wearied ' ? Somner' s etymology will scarcely recommend itself: ' astonied, as one whose heart (we say) is in his heeles for fear ' ! hellwered, host of hell [BT., H.]. See quotation under eorSwered. hellwiht, inhabitant of hell [BT., H.]. In ]>am dcege us by> ateowed seo geopenung heofena 7 engla ]>rym 7 helwihta hryre 7 eor>an fonvyrd, Wst. 186 2 . [helpendbaere, helpful.] This word occurs in all the modern dictionaries, but does not seem to have any authority, as Sievers pointed out in 1884 (ES. viii, p. 159). BT.'s only authority is 'Cot. 148, Lye.' Now this ref. is the same as WW. 463 3S . Opiffera = helpendrap, and Lye's helpendbare is merely an emenda- tion of the unintelligible helpendrap of the MS. heofonwered, heavenly host [BT., H/]. See quotation under eor^wered. ^heofonwlitig', heavenly beautiful. purh ]>a ylcan \ing we magon ]>e ea> gedon Ipcet eor^Scundlice men magon gewior*&an hiofomclitige, Vere., f. 64 b , 1. 23. heor}>a, skin (goatskin or deerskin ?) [S.]. Cf. the quotation given under byccen ; also the glosses, pellis = fel, cutis vel corium = hyd, nebris = ncesc o^^e her]>a (one MS. (J.) has heor]>a}, ^G. 321 5 . herepa^. Cf. KSCh., p. 46. *hetolnys, fierceness. In NG1. (11, 152) hetelnessa glosses rapacitatis. A further instance occurs in the quotation given under ungefog 1 . *fhindernes, wickedness. }) heo (the wicked men) heo be^S&ncen 7 gecerren of heora hindernysse, Vesp., f. 161 b . Cf. hinderscipe, NG1. i, 378. hiwcuiid, domestic [BT.]. Domesticis = hifcundum (for hiw-} t 301 38 OLD ENGLISH LKX K r X, K \ I'll V A. s. NAIMF.R. ZfdA. ix, 413 (it is from the Brussels Aldhelm glosses, and it does not occur in the Digby MS. ; on the / for w see my note NG1. 1, 3913). *hlwcu}>nes, familiarity. For]>on he ojt betweoh wan Furtunates d&diiHt mid bylde \&re hiwcif&nysse, GrD. 71 2t ; Se hcefde eac mid him myccle balde hitocu^nesse, ibid. HO 7 . hiwscipe, hide of land. In this sense it is not in. BT. or H. Cf. NSCh., p. 127. *hlacerung, unfitting words or gestures ? Sit is swF&e un\&dic 1 pleolic )) we on Godes huse idele spellunga j hlacerunga began, li. 4. 6, p. 446, 1. 17. *hlaford)7ryinin, dominion, power. For hear a icoroldwuldre j for Mafordtyrimme, Chr., p. 107. hlose, a pigsty l [BT., H.]. S. has it with the queried meaning ' sheepfold.' In a passage in the Gerefa (Ang. ix, 261, and GesAgs. i, 454) we read, among the various duties to be performed in Autumn, "fold weozian, scipena behweorfan 7 hlosan eac x-ti." In Ang. Liebermann translates hlosctn by ' schutzdach bauen ' with a query, and adds in a note, " falls aus hleo (obdach, schirm) gebildet. Oder vorganger von looze (schweinestall) bei Hallivvell?" In GesAgs. he renders it " Verschlage fiir Kleinwieh [?]." The translation ' schweinestall ' is undoubtedly right, and indeed the context points to the same conclusion ; the fold is the ' shcepfold,' the scipena are the ' shippons ' (cowhouses), and as a third we should naturally expect the place for housing the pigs. That the word does really mean 'pigsty' is confirmed by a jl. (\VW. -04 2 ), Ceniluti (read with Sievers, Ang. xiii, 320, cent, luti] swina hlose. It is quite possible that the gl. may have been assigned to a wrong lemma, or the glossator may have been thinking of the usu;il dirt in pigsties. The modern dialectal form lewze (pronounced liiz), ' a pigsty,' is found in Somerset and Devon, and its present pronunciation points to an O.E. long close 6. hlyp, hlype (in charters). Cf. IS T SCh., p. 54. *hlytere, clericus. For Jn \onne hi preostas an Crecisc clericos hata%, J is an Englisc hlyteras, Chr., p. 125. *hogg, a hog. As this word is not in the dictionaries, it may not be out of place here to quote the instances of it recently found by Professor Skeat, which occur in two strips of parchment taken from inside a book-cover in the library of Queen's College, 1 This note is reprinted from my article in Modern Philology, i, p. 394. 302 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 39 Cambridge. JEt Stratham xx sugen\_a~] . . . . de swyn 7 xl hogga ; mention is also made of xliiii hogga, Cambr. Philol. Soc. Proceedings, Ixi-lxiii, also in the Athenceum, Dec. 20, 1902, p. 832. The same fragments contain the hitherto unrecorded scrudfeoh and beansced. *fhogleas, careless, free from care. 7 9V f hit cu> by> Pilaten, we by> for eow 7 eow hogelease gedoQ, 1 Vesp., f. 90, 1. 5. *holing, a hollowing, a hollow, pa ongunnon hi on ]>am stanclife hwylcehugu holinga don, GrD. 1 13 n . *holnes, a hollow. pa sohte [he~] \one Godex wer geond ealle }># st(e}>hlypan ]>ara munta ~ geond ]>a holnessa 'ftcera dena, GrD. 99 w (MS. 0.). *fh6p, hoop. Drt het lie wurcean cenne seolfrene hop of \riUi}& pundon, XRT., p. 22 9 ; Swa fela seolfrence hopes he ^rto dyde, ibid., p. 22 u ; He nom \a >a \ritti}ce sylfrence hopes, ibid., p. 24 6 . Cf. also my note in the Academy, June 2, 1894, p. 457. *hreddere, defender. For \ig is ]fxere halgan cyrcan neod y heo h awyrged, Jun. 23, f. 36, 1. 3 (this passage is also in S. 17, p. 302, 1. 12). *husaern, a house. See quotation under sellendlic. ^hwicung 1 , squeaking (of mice). Mid .... swyna, grununge 7 mwta hioicunge, GrD. 185 4 (MS. C.). MS. 0. has hwiscetunge. *hwil]?rag, period of time. Ic ]>rowode mycelne ece minre heortan 1 Hflicra leoma .... ^urh hwityrage, GrD. 243 19 . *fhwinsian, to whine ; hwinsung, a whining. J? hundes ne i/,-., 1. 3 (this passage also occurs in MS. Lambeth 489, f. 58); 7 him (to God) nane cehta ne synd swa inmede swa him synd to agenne ure sawle clcene, Trin., p. 401. 1. 18. inwunung, a dwelling in, residence in [H., S.]. In BT. only on authority of Lye. But cf. onwununtj in BT., H., S. \)onne forlceta^> hi heora rihtgesetednysse 7 \one godcundan feoivdom 7 \tes mynstres inwununge .... 7 fara> ut, Chr., p. 16. *l8ececyst, medicine chest. '"Hi sona wceron .... spyrigende 7 geondsmeayende eall his l&cegetea. pa fundon hi ]? ylcan Ipry ahydde mancas in his lacecyste, GrD. 344 ". *lecegetea, medical equipment (instruments, drugs, etc.) ? See quot. under Isececyst, where it translates medicamenta. Can it be the plur. of an unrecorded neuter *geteah, ' equipment, utensils ' = Germanic *tduhom, connected with teon ( = *teohari}, 'to draw,' with the same development of meaning as in the case of the N.H.G. Zeug from Germanic *teuh6m? Or is eall his lacegetea miswritten for ealle his l&cefieatwa or -ffetaica? It seems less likely that it is for -teaga, 'medicine chests,' as his laececyste implies that he only had one. *fLadenlic, Latin. Nu heefst ]>u me ofte gebfdon f ic ]> ut arehte mid L&denlicrc sprcece J7 eadigestan Nicholaes gebyrdtida, S. 1 7, p. 1 7 1 , 1. 2 1 ; -p ic onginne to herigenne mid L&denlicre space, ibid., p. 171, 1. 35 ; Swa \tali ic awrat \a* halgenes gebyr^tids tnt'd. L. sp., ibid., p. 172, 1. 5. Note the f orm gebyr^ - for older gebyrd: this is an early instance of the replacement of the d 304 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 41 by ^, presumably owing to Scandinavian influence (cf. Bjorkman, p. 162). *laest, a fault, sin. We sceolon clypian j btddan georne gelome God JElmilitig ]>&t he ure neoda gecnawe 7 ure Itesta gebete, Jun. 22, f. 99 b , 1. 11. The earliest quotation for last in the NED. is at least a hundred years later (circa 1175). It is of Scand. origin, from O.N. lostr. Isetnys, sluggishness, sloth [BT.]. In H. from .2ES. in the sense of ' delay.' Fram minre Icetnysse j dysegan swongernesse, GrD. 174 23 . [landsceap, land, district.] This supposed word is found in BT., H., S., and it is also mentioned in the NED. s.v. landscape. But an O.E. landsceap does not exist ; the authority for it is 1. 501 of Andreas, where the printed editions read on landsceape ; but, as I found when collating the Vercelli MS. in 1888, and as I pointed out in the ZfdA. xxxiii, 68, the MS. has most distinctly Ian | seeare, 1 so that it is merely another instance of the well-known word landscearu, 'a boundary,' used here in the sense of 'land.' landscearu, cf. NSCh., p. 48. *langsumnes, longsuffering, long endurance. BT., H., and S. only have it in the sense of ' length.' Ge\ylA 7 IFSnes 7 sybb 7 hyrsumnes 7 langsumnes y Verc., f. 113, 1. 9. *langwyrpe boc ? some kind of church-service book. Gif ]>u hwilce lancjivyrpe boc habban wills, KlZs. 12. See Addenda. *larbodung, teaching, preaching. Do ma[n~\ ]>a larbodunge be }>am ]>e f folc understondan mage, Chr., p. 77. *larsum, docile, ready to learn. Sien we snotre 7 sofefceste .... 7 clanheorte 7 fremsume 7 god/yrhte 7 larsume, Verc., f. 12, 1. 13. *flar]?egn, teacher. Eart ]>u f Elias, ure lar%eign ? Vesp., f. 92 (printed in MPh. i, p. 598; cf. Hulme's note, p. 586). leacblaed, leek-leaf [BT., H.]. p.? man sceal wi> -p gedrif wrif'in on \reom leacbladun, Bezzenberger's Beitrage, xvii, 144 (from MS. Regina 338 in the Vatican). leadgewiht, lead-weight [BT., H.]. Cf. NSCh., p. 77. *leasferh^, -fyrh^, false. Nam yfeldemum and be >am unnhthamerum j be >am arleasum .... and be >am leaafyrhtiim, Verc., f. 112 b , 1. 8. '-ieasoleccan, to cajole. The dictionaries have the sb. Icasoleccung. Seo tunge \ara leasolecendra cwde\ 7 swence\ \e hie gehieran l\j&le\, GrD. 34 27 . *lenctenbere, Lent barley. Nime ]>onne clanne lengtenbere 7 grinde on handcwyrna, Arch. Ixxxiv, 326. *lenctenlifen, Lenten fare. 7 enc ymbe heora lenctenlifene smeagian \a ealderax georne, Chr., p. 23. [lendenreaf, a loin-garment, apron.] The only authority for this word appears to be the Rubens Glossary (= WW. 151 37 ), Lumbare uel renale = lenden sidreaf. But, as Liibke pointed out, Archiv, Ixxxvi, 399, \ve must separate lendemid (= reaching to the loins) and reaf. Cf. fotsid. ''iendensid, adj., reaching to the loins. See note to lendenreaf. Cf. fotsid. *leodrseden, a country, region. Ac hwylc wundor is, Ipeah ^e ice }is be mannum secgan, nu seo uplice leodrceden \cere (engellican gecynde of siimum dale cefiverdlan 7 wominge arcefnede (= quando ilia superna regio in cicibus suis ex parte damna pertulit], GrD. 204 -". *leornungsc6l, school. Se wees eac Ipces mynstres prafost 7 lareow . ... in \(es leornungscole drohtnigende, GrD. 14 6 . [lewisplega, boatman's song, joyful song.] In H., from WW. 202 31 , but see note to gladung. *licstow, place of burial. Se me saile . . . . f *ruh, coffin [BT., H.]. ]pa eode he \anone 7 his lityruh gegearwode, GrD. 225 28 ; Seo ]>in lic\ruh ecfee unc begen ymbjth?&, ibid. 226 7 ; J?* mynstres abbudes lichama .... hafde afi/lled eulle ]>a litynth, ibid. 226 15 . Again 226 22 . *licwyr : 5lice, pleasingly. Eala \u Zosimus ! sivi>e licwyr^&lice ]>u gefyldest, ^S. ii, 6 '. *flit, colour, dye. Swa swa se litigere ]>e luft^ ailces heowes lit, ac naht eallu gelice, 7 ale lit he f on swylcen styde swa }v/ rtu berist, Vesp., f. 159 b , 1. 22. The earliest instance in Stratimum and the NED. is from Genesis and Exodus, ca. 1250. It is from O.N. litr, colour. *flitigere, a dyer. Cf. lit. 306 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 43 lorg, a weaver's beam. It is given in BT., H., S. as fern., owing, no doubt, to the pi. loerge in Ep. gl. But the pi. lorgas in the Gerefa (Ang. ix, p. 263, and GesAgs. i, 455) shows it also to have been masc. lyblaeca, a sorcerer. The dictionaries only give lybleeca as occurring in a gloss : WW. II 38 (= Corp. Gl.) and 363 12 (derived from the Corp. Gl.) ecu-agios = lyblcecan. But it occurs elsewhere. p gramheortan 7 ]>a lyblcecean 7 ]>a %e rnanige galdor cunnon, 7 ]>a ^e gelome gala]>, 7 \a unrihtfullan 7 ]>a arleasan j ]>a hatheortan, etc., Jun. HO, f. 36, 1. 1 ; ]pa ]>e her bio> ]>a maxtan dryicgan 7 scinlacan 7 gealdorcrceftigan 7 lyblacan, ne cuma^ ]>a ncefre of ^onne hifrnialluni . . . butan sunnanuhtan j m&sseuhtan, Iponne ne }>earf nan interuallum beon. J weorcuhtan besceawige se bitceop $ se interuallum beo swa lang y, etc., Chr., p. 37 ; Ge sculon singan xunnanuldan 7 masseuhfon a/re nigon rtepsas mid nigon radingum, AL. ii, 384 4 . *mae^ung, measure (of penance). Seo mcf&uny is on \a>n biscbope 7 on \am ealdre ]>e under him bi"%, Chr., p. 53. *maffian, apostatare ; maffiende. petulans. Win 7 wif gedo*6 hwilon y witon maffiaft (= Wtnum et mulieres apostatare quidem faciunt sapientes, Eccl. xix, 2), Chr., p. 121. Cf. also the quotation under gorettan. *fniahling, a parent. Parentes = mahlinges, FNG1. 5 1 . *manslot. On Elsingtun hundred ah Sancte Eadmund xxvii manslot. On Spelhoge hundred xlv manslot. On In hundred x iitamlot. On Fuwelege hundred healf ehte^e (i.e. seven and a half) 307 44 01. 1) KN(.I.1SH I.KXH OGRAPHY* A. S. NAVI1.K. mannlot. On JErnehogo hmxlrril ./.// nmti^of. On Clencware hundred heitlf rhlr\t' niiinajtif. On Li/nn-itn- Immlrnl r mamlot, St. E., f. KM) 1 '. Both Lye ;inil Hos worth have it cf. note to SCOril). The mans, instead of mannes, points to a Scandinavian origin, and the presence of other Norse words, sceppe, scor, ora, confirms this ; and lliere can he no doubt that manslot is a partially anglicized form of the O.N. m til lutar = to lease a farm so that the clear profit is divided between the owner and the leaseholder. "In the examples given manslot seems to correspond to Norw. mannsverk. 1 I do not think that manslot signifies a farm that only requires the work of a single man, but a freehold given to a family-father when the hundred was divided between the conquerors or allotted to its inhabitants. In this case it would correspond with O.E. hid, Germ. Ifufe, Norse boL But it is possible that manslot as well as Norw. mannsverk is a real surface measure, and signifies a more invariable size than bdl and hid. "In the instances quoted by Fritzner, mannslutr corresponds to gar^Sslutr. They all treat of the right of fishing in a river or lake. According to Norwegian law, this right is due to the freeholds which border on the river or bike. As the fishing is carried on in the most favourable fishing-grounds, the fanners fished in ancient times in common and divided the profit according to the number of the freeholders. The share of one of these was called mannslutr. If, instead of the rights of fishing, we apply this to the land, we get what the Norsemen in England called a manslot" *mealtealo, malt ale. Hwcrlncettan moran ~ am- handfttlfo sperewyrte .... wylle on mfalfaikto, Archiv, Ixxxiv, 325. 1 Defined hv Fritzner as: " Jord af en vis St0rrelse, nemlig saa stor at den kan drives med en Mauds Arl> 308 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 45 *mearulic, adj., frivolous? -lice, adv., delicately, luxuriously. pa onfeng heo ]>is bebod . y heo naht ne di/de leohtlioes ne mcegdenlicre wisan o^^e merwelicre (= ut nihil leve aut puellare ageret], GrD. 287 20 ; Se liafde cenne sunu . . . Ipone he lufode swi\e lichamlice 7 fedde mcerwlice, ibid. 289 5 . *meteredere, reader during mealtimes. Gyf \u metercedere ft/ldstol habban wille o\\e cferum men, fyonne deem ]>u ]>ine handa toycedere 7 wege (MS. gage] hi \am gemete \e }w dent \onne ]>u hine fyalden tot/It, KlZs. 51. metetid, mealtime [BT., H.]. So^lice \a ]>a seo matetid com, GrD. 27 7 24 . *mete]>ing, operation connected with cooking. 7 hi man ]>onne geornlice ty j> hi yode bcecystran beon j to celcum mete^ingum clang eorne, Chr., p. 30. *midd8Bg]7enung, dinner. See quot. under cysstycce. *midhlyte, consortium. Gyf hwylc to andetnesse cuman nele, jram cirycean he is to anydanne 7 fram gem(en*umung& 7 midhlyte geleaffulra ( = a communione et consortio fidelium\ Theod., f. 97 b . *mildnes, mildness, mercy. Ne sceal swa li^e mildnes beon f ne forhcebbe }>a syngunge, Chr., p. 99. Cf. O.H.GK miltnissa. *milite, soldiers. Ipa genamon hie }>a milite, Yerc., f. 7, 1. 14 ; Wffiron ]>a tmlite ]>y ]>nysse, GrD. 77 32 ; He Ip&s militiscan mannes bene gehyrde, ibid. 78 ' ; fa wceron ^xer sume dcege militisce menfarende, ibid. 194 13 . *misfeng, misdeed, sin. He us yegearwdfc ]>a heofonlican for ^6am eor^&licum, 7 Ipa ecan \ing for ]>am hwilendlicum Tpingum ]>ysse worulde, gif we ftlmyatan don willafe on urum life, 7 gif we dcedbote don willa\ urra, misfenga, Verc., f. 114, 1. 25. Cf. O.H.G. misfano, ' culpa.' modlufu, affection. It is not confined to poetry, as indicated in S. He hine mid bam handum leclypte 7 he (read hine] mid eallre modlufan sette to his breosttim, Verc., f. 91 b , 1. 2. *modorlufu, love for a mother. p cwce> he eft to his \am leofan Ipegne, "pis is }>in modor, 7 \u hie \e for modor hafa. n 7 ne \ a lohannes swa dyde, 7 he hie \a in moderlufan licefde, Verc., f. 7 b , 1. 17. 309 46 01.1) KMil.lSH l.KXK or;K Al'HY A. S. NAl'IKR. molda (or -de?j, the top of the head [S.]. SIT moldgewind. *moldgewind, the top of the head. ])ontte ne mttnnnti bfo yes my red on ^nm H9aUffi0mJk j on fornnhrafdr - on Ipan ^i/>t>r>->tf/o>i 7 on his nebbe, \onne ewe^e se sacerd \i* r/<-b<'f Jumieges, ed. H. A. Wilson, 1H!)C>, p. "2(t'2. A nearly related Latin vrreah seca^S to fullicum morseohtnim, Chr., p. 163. *mor^>orcwalu, murder. Sumu (one of the devil's arrows is wade)ofrea/lttce7 of seiner cef turn 7 of mor*6orcivalc, MUHH of^eo/unga j offeounga, Verc., f. 24, 1. 5. *mundwist, guardianship, protection. Drt anglas him andsicere- don 7 cw&dan, " Ac st/o hige (she, i.e. the soul) amimen of tire tmmdwiste, for>an >e wid fulnesse hyo wtes in gangende^' Jun. 85, 1 10, 1. 14. *munuccnapa, young monk. Hu se\_o~\ eor>e awearp ]>one munuccnapan of his byryene, GrD. 93 18 (MS. H.) ; Se aici/n/ed t/n*/ toivearp \one wait .... 7 mid \fcs wages hryre of^ri/ccendc locvi/sile cenne munuccnapan, ibid. 125 7 (MS. H.). Alsol54 9 ; loo 1 MS. H. . *mimucreaf, monk's garment. \)am preoste is ungedafmlic J he riiiniurreaf werige, Chr., p. 101 ; On \a mteg^e, GrD 27 17 (MS. H.). *mylengafol, mill-tax, mill-rent? Her stfcnt t/etrriten Inraf Baldwine abbod heef^ (jnmntn /tin gcln>\ra to car/tatem, J in ii mylntgafel at Lacforde, half jnnul -t j an 7 jcii oran (it y c]>er, St. E., 1 108. *mynsterboc, minster-book. llir xi/ndon xxx boca ealre OH Leofstanex abbodes hafona butan mynsterbec, St. E., f. 107 b . 310 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 47 *mynsterfaeder, abbot. Me cy^don sume cewfteste iceras y hit gelumpe . . . . f sum mynsterfader icare sicy^e artcyr'&es lifes, GrD. 293' (MS. C.). *mynstergeat, monastery gate. Hu ^a tica hund mitt ana melewes U'ceron fundcne at \am mynntergeate, GrD. 145 2 . *mynsterstede, buildings of a monastery. Be \ces ylcan Paulines for^Sfare is aicriten . y eall his mynsterslede full fceste gestod, buton ]>am gebedhuse anum in j>am he lag seoc ; getcordenre eor^xtyren*, eaU hit abifode, GrD. 182 19 . *mynstertimbrung, building of a monastery. Hu he ]>urh gesilr&e gedihte ]>a mynstertimbrunge neah Terracinense, GrD. 147 ". *myriglice, pleasantly, melodiously. Stva myccle li^elicor 7 myriglicor tctes yehyred ae sealmsang, Grl). 286 J . The use of myriglicor here is not appropriate, as the meaning is that the sound became softer and died away (tanto cepit psalmodia lenius audiri}. *myrrend, prodigal, wasteful. See quot. under ceaslunger. *n8m, a taking, receiving. The dictionaries have ndm, 'seizure' (from the Scandinavian, cf. Bjorkman, p. 83], and the compound nydnam, ' a taking by force.' Be eelmessena nceme (= De elemosinis accipiendis], Chr., pp. 9 ' and 75 ; On ]xere name cyrcan tehte (= in accipiendis ecclesiasticis siimptibiis), ibid., p. 18. *tnaemel, receptive (of knowledge). 7 eahwa hi ge-ieawan y heora leofa did ongan wel to Ipeonne, ]>a befasten hi hine to boclicere lare, 7 he wear ]>a incite ncemel ]>urh \>ees Halgan Gastes gife, $ on lith finste he ofer\eah his m&gester on wisdome, S. 17, p. 119, 1. 17. neahcyrice, neighbouring church [BT., H.]. ipcer teas suture neahcyrican mtessepreost, GrD. 1 1 7 7 ; ]pa Jerdon hi begen to \cere neahcyrican, ibid. 216 3 . *neahdal, neighbourhood. He sade $ \&r ware sum cfyele gesi^6wif in ]>am neahdalum Tuscie mceg^Se, GrD. 71 30 . *neahfaeder, vicinus pater. Nu ic ]>us sivi^6e behealde ]>a neuJiftfdras, \e mid us tvatron, maran 7 ge^ungenran manna dceda ic forlet, GrD. 179 7 . *neahfeald, intimate. To his neahfealdum freondttm, Verc., f. 77 b , 1. 7. *neahfealdlic, intimate. Hi . . . . gereor\_do~\don hi sylfe mid mahfealdlicre gescegne ]>urh \a halgan spracu ]xes yastlican lifes, GrD. 168 l7 . 1 Printed in "SVanley, p. 131, col. 1. 311 48 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAP1KR. neahgebyren, fern., a neighbour. It is in BT., H., S., but is not confined to Late ^Northumbrian, as indicated in S. Da gelamp hit f seo forecwedene fostermodrr Ipces halgan iveres abtsd an hriddern 1 hire to lane a>n b wif his nhgebyrne (= vicine midieres] bocon heora hlafas, ibid. 25 1 25 ; He b witodlice beer ben* hlaf geond ]>a wif his nehgebyrene, ibid. 252 5 . *neahland, neighbourhood. His modor gewunode to fedenne henna on hire huses ca/ortune, ac hig gelomlice awrg beer 7 abat an fox cttmende of\am neahlande, GrD. 69 28 (MS. H.). neahwildu, neighbouring wood [BT.. H.]. Full oft hit gelnntj) y of\am neahwuda comon beran, GrD. 229 2 ". *neodhu8, necessary room. Syn eac btnnan claustre slapern, beodern, hatdernu, 7 ealle \a neodhus \e bro>ru be]>urfon, Chr., p. 33. neorxnawanglic, of paradise [BT., H.]. Her onginne^ se ]>ridda flod of ^am neorxnawanglican wylle \e Ipurh ]>one gyldenan mu]> for*6 aarn ^s halgan papan .... See Gregories, GrD. 179 1 . *neowlinga, anew. Se man onginne^f \onne eft neotclinga lifigean, GrD. 266 28 (MS. C.). -nihte, -days old. See annihte. *nihthwil, the period of a night. Ne awacode he nafre for eallum ]>isuHi, to >am werig he w cere for ]>cere anre nihthwile, VV r st. 147*. *nl]?an, to hate. ^ hi symble cef(Sf>tia^S o^ra manna godd(ede 7 hefelice nfya/% ]>a hi selfe no %y a afstigan 7 ]? ytbylgean, Verc., f. 17 b , 1. 12. Cf. also leasferlrS. nowend, ship - master, skipper, mariner [BT., H.]. In NG1. note to 1, 32, I pointed out that the gloss naucleri = nowendes occurs in six MSS., and gave an additional instance of the word from MS. 41 (= S. 2), C.C.C. Cambr., p. 411, where St. Michael is spoken of as se aJSela nowend. To these may be 1 Note the form firiddern, which occurs again pp. 97 2 ; 97"; 98*. Cf. the modem dialectal rvddern (Dorsetshire) in Wright's Dial. Diet. 312 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 49 added the following : So^lice his nowent, \am tvces nama Uaraca se nowent rihte J lyile cerene scip ]>e wi\hindan ]>am maran stipe gefastnod wees (= Nauta . . . post navem carabum regebat]. ]pa wear*& se rap tobrocen, 7 he f&ringa onweg gewat mid \am ilcan cerenan scipe . . . 7 \ a ^V ^ryddan dage ]>a \a se biscop ne geseah cetywan , . . \om nowent, ]>e cer fram him gegripen iv as fram }>am cerenan scipe, he . . . hine untweogendlice deadne gelyfde, GrD. 346 35 ; Ipa onweg anumenum ]>am nowende 7 geedniwodon ]>am scipe, se biscop ferde to Sutyangbeardum ; 7 ]>a ]>a he com to Romana hy]>e, he gernette ]>one ylcan nowent . . . $a wees se biscop swr&e gefeande for \cere ungewenedlican blisse, ibid. 347 u . Cf. 0,N. n6r, a ship (= now-}, Lat. navis. *numol, mordax. The dictionaries record it as glossing capax ; cf. also ]S"G1. 1, 3101. Swa swa decides geferan, swa forfteoh ]>u y numele win (= ut mortis socium, sic mordax effuge vinum), Chr., p. 121. nunfjiemne, a nun [BT., H.]. Se ]xere nunfcemnan \e bat }>one lahctuc, GrD. 10 1 ; 30 28 ; Ipa behead seo halige nunfamne, ibid. 223 u ; Sum mycel aga ( = possessor} . se wees beswicen mid ]>yses middaneardes synlustum y he nyde genam ane nunfcemnan, ibid. 230 13 . It occurs also p. 242 10 ; 242 u (see quot. under wseccendlice) ; 340 24 ; 340 2 . nunlif, life of a nun [BT., H.]. Haliges nunlifes drohto^ heo sohte 7 wilnode, GrD. 199 16 . *ofdiineweard, -des, adv., downwards. ]pa underfeng hine sona seo yj? 7 teah ofduneweardes, GrD. 114 33 . See also quot. under stoc. oferdrincere, drunkard [BT.]. In H. from Assm. 147 95 , 148 m . Cf . quotations under unrihthajmedfremmere and woruldstrang. *oferflowendlic, superfluous. The dictionaries have the adv. from Hpt. Gl. 527 (cf. NG1. 1, 5387). Uton hicgan eallum magene mid his fultume y we us oferflowedlice \ing fram awurpan, Lambeth, f. 46, 1. 9. *oferhlude, adv., overloudly. The dictionaries have the adj. Ne sceal ma\n\ sealmas .... ofstlice singan, ne oferhlude, Chr., p. 89. *oferhygdiglice, arrogantly, presumptuously. For^on ]>e heo hi symble ahebbaft oferhigdilice ongen ]>a bebodu }>eere so'Kfastnesse, GrD. 197 16 . *oferhygdlice, presumptuously. Gif we ahsia^S nu \one ]>e ]>us oferhidlice ana halga'S Drihtnes lichaman 7 his blod, hw<$t wile he seegan? Chr., p. 138. 313 4 50 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIKR. *oferlyftlic, above the air (applied to the second heaven). Stofon heofonas sindon in gewritum leornode : y is se lyj'tlica heoj'on 7 se oferlyftlica 7 se fyrena (MS. fyrenan) heofon 7 se stionga heofon, }>e we rodor hatuft, 7 se egeslica heofon 7 engla heo/on 7 htofon \onne sio duru xss oferlyftlican heofones is inemned Elioth, ibid., p. 292. *oferwelig, very rich. D forlcgenan 7 ]>a godwracan 7 ]>a ofe[r]welgan, Jun. 85, f. 35 b , 1. 16. The ofe stands at the edge of the parchment, so that the r, which was no doubt written, has been lost. *offrungclaj>, offertory cloth. Hi offringcla\as, St. E., f. 107. *offrunghus, house of sacrifice. Ic geceas >as stoice me to o/runghuse, Jun. 22, f. 246, 1. 9. *oflsethlaf, sacramental wafer, fa genam he mid him twegen oflcethlafas on beagwisan abacene, GrD. 343 15 . oftacan. See tacan. *oft)>weal, frequent washing. Eawla, wif ! To hwan wenest %u \ines lichoman hcele mid smyringe 7 offyweale 7 o^rum Iffinessum ? Verc., f. 58, 1. 5. *of)>ylman, to choke, suffocate. He symlede at his beodgereordum $ ic wees oft swffie neah of*&ylmed 7 asmorod, Verc., f. 22 b , 1. 2. *oma, wk. m., or ome, wk. f. ? a liquid measure. He he sceolde syllan his hlaforde hundteontig oman mid ele Trin., p. 400, 1. 2. This is no doubt a loan-word from the Latin ama (hama) (from Grk. /;), 'a water bucket,' which later came to mean 'a measure of wine.' It was also borrowed into M.H.G. as dme, ome, whence N.H.G. Ohm. It is the Mod. Dutch aam, which was adopted into English in the fifteenth century, and remained in use as alme, awme, ame till the eighteenth century as the name of a liquid measure for Rhenish wine. onegan, with reflex dat., to fear. It is not, as indicated in S., confined to poetry. }> halige wif ne ondred hire naht \onne y hwylc worn 7 fulnes in hire ware, GrD. 279 1: . *onfondlic, accipiendus. Cf. sellendlic. onrid, riding horse, steed [BT., H.]. ^Elcon hiredmen his onrid \e he alcened htefde, NSCh., p. 23 25 ; }Dauid .... bead heom y heo of heora anride lihtan sceoldon, NET., p. 18 29 ; cf. NRT., p. 38, and NSCh., p. 132. onset!, a sitting on, riding on [BT., H.]. For\on he hit mid his onsetle (by riding on the horse) him sylfum to ahte ar gehalgode, GrD. 183 16 . 314 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 51 *onswornod, confused. Cf. aswornod. *onwegadrifennes, a driving away. 7 \ a i gehyredre ]xere his stemne .... for %(ere onwegadrifennesse se awyrgda gast his sceamode, GrD. 185 13 . *onwegfaereld, departure. Scfelice ]>a ]>es forectvedena mcessepreost gestod in \am solore ]>ces mynstres 7 ongeet 7 gefeah Benedictes ontvegfcereld, ]>a, ^urhwuniendum unonwendedlice eallum ]>am getimbre ^(es hames, $ wundorhus (= solarium] gefeoll, in ]>am stod se cefstiga- mcessepreost, GrD. 119 36 . dretla, contumely, insult [BT., H.]. He . . . sloh ]>one Godes wer ty he mid oretlan gebysmrod ut eode of fycere cyrican, GrD. 200 16 . orleahtor, danger. It is in the dictionaries, but BT. has only instances from the glosses. But cf. Chr., p. 2, Sweet is us selre to donne, ]>e on swa pleolicum orleahtre (= in tarn graui discrimine] synd becumene ? *or]?anclic, intelligent ? See quot. under gehyhtendlic. *plpian, to blow the pipe. An stan is in Sicilia haten (so MS., we must supply achates before haten}, se wees on Fires hyrnesse Persea cyninges, ]xss ansyne is, swilce an man pipige mid nigon pipan 7 an man hearpige, ZfdA. xxxiv, 234. Cf. von Fleischhacker's note, where he quotes from Pliny, xxxvii, 3 : Namque habuisse traditur (i.e. Pyrrhus) achaten in qua novem Musce et Apollo citharam tenens spectarentur. *plyccan, to pluck. Donne \u setrcegel habban wille, ]>onne plice jw "Kine agene geweda mid twam Jingrum, KlZs. 50 ; Gylecan tacen his (so MS. for is] ]>cst \u strece for6 \in wenstre handstoc and plyce innan mid \inre wynstran hande, ibid. 105. This verb answers to the M.E. *plicchen, plighte, 'to pluck.' Can the plicge'K 1 = scalpit and plicet = adludit, which is cited in BT. from the Boulogne Prudentius Gil. (= PGH. 396 and 397), be the same verb ? The latter is given in BT. s.v. plicettan, and the meaning assigned to it is 'to expose to danger,' but the sense is 'plays with' (ut fitulum lupus rapturus adludit" prius, Prudentius, Peristeph. v, 20). *predicung, preaching. See quotation under bisceopung. Cf. wordpr-. *preostgesamnung, body or community of priests. D^ on alcre preostgesamnunge is-eelc \rystnes forboden, Chr., p. 70. 1 Holder prints plicged, but Thorpe (Appendix B to Cooper's Report, p. 146) 315 52 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. *preosthired, body or community of priests. Cleri = preonthiredes, NG1. 1, 3006; Hit is gewuna on manegum preosthiredum, Chr., p. 20; Se arcediacon 7 se prauost .... lujian ]>one preosthyred, ibid., p. 29 ; Swa hwilc swa an preosthirede did bi'K, ibid., p. 85 ; Oif hwylc brcfeor an preosthyrede bi% ]>e ]>a gesettan tida forgymeleasa^S cftfee into cyrcan uneewfastlice 7 prutlice o*6>e unsydelice ffteft, ibid., p. 96. See also quot. under rsedinggrad. preostlic, canonical [BT.]. H. gives ref. to Ang. xiii, 451. ~Qeah }>a forhicgendan ]xera preostlicra gesetednyssa beon healice }xe8 bisceopes dome to witnienne, Chr., p. 95 ; Eac ic mingie \at hi gemunon ]xes preostlican regoles, ibid., p. 150. *preostreaf, priestly garment. Be \cere gesceadwimysse on gyrelan ]xes preostreafes (= Ut in cultu vestium discretionem teneanf), Chr., p. 103. *preostregol, canonical rule. Libbaft clanre heortan 7 cltenon licliaman an eowrum preostregole, Chr., p. 147 ; Ic mingle eac ealle eowre under^eoddan preostas ]xet hi . . . . gehicgen \one arcediacon o*6>e \one prauost agyte J hi wyllon modiggan v&fte prutian, Chr., p. 29 ; Gif him deoflu hwat on heora ge^ance lare\n\, hwanon hi modigian magon or&Se prutian, ibid., p. 168. *putung, instigation. Hation y \tirh deofles putunge wees an belted (= Oderint quod instinctu diaboli ingestum est\ 7 lujian y ]>urh Godes godnysse gesceapon wees, Chr., p. 99. For M.E. cf. Hampole, Ps. 35, 12 : And the hand of the synful, that is the puttynge of the fende, stire me not till syn. It is the verbal sb. of an O.E. verb *putian, ' to push, shove,' whence M.E. pttten, N.E. to put. An O.E. *putian is not recorded, but there is a potian, ' to push, thrust, prod, butt,' for which BT. has two instances. An early twelfth century example is in S. 17, p. 225, 1. 15, peer hi sceolan ]>a wyrmes toslittan 7 deojla potian. For the root vowel cf. cnucian and cnocian. *pyff, a puff (of wind). See my note in PBB. xxiv, 245. *rsiedinggrad, lectern, steps to lectern ? fonne he feeder geclypod cume . . . atforan \am bisceope 7 ^am preosthirede, }ponne astrecce he hine . . . an eor&an atforan ^am radinggrade (= ante absidam), Chr., p. 56. *regol, a ruler (for drawing lines). See quotation under regolian. *regolian, to draw lines with a ruler. Regales tacen is f ]>u 316 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 53 wecge \ine hand 7 stryce mid\inum scytefingre andlang ]>inre wynstran ftanda, swylce ]>u regolige, KlZs. 46; Gyf \u reogolsticcan neebbe, ]>onne strece ]>u \ine hand upweard 7 sine mid \\num scytefingre andlang \inre icynstran hande, swilce ]>ti regolige, ibid. 115. remian, to mend [H., S.]. Se Hcelend .... gemette o*6re twegen gelrcfera, lacobutn 7 lohannem, on scipe mid heora feeder Zeledeo remigende heora nett, Archiv, ci, p. 323. See my note, ibid., p. 311 ; the five MSS. (containing this passage) which I consulted agree in reading remigende or remiende. BT. gives one example of it, viz. the rendering of this same passage (Matth. iv, 21) in the West Saxon Gospels, the MSS. of which agree in reading remigen.de. BT. takes it as miscopied for renigende (ren- = regn-, from regnian, 'to put in order, arrange'), but this second instance of the word, independent as it is, confirms the existence of a verb remian, ' to mend.' *rihtendebyrdnes, right order. Elles eatte healdon .... hyra rihtendebi/rdnysse, Chr., p. 14. *rihtgefeg, proper joint. Eall \on $ rihtgescead me ontynde ]>a deogolnesse fyurh Ipine gescegene, GrD. 56 2 . *rihtgesetednes, right ordinance, institution, rule. Gif hwa angean \as gesetednyssa o^^Se o>re swilce rihtgesetednyssa beo to^unden, Chr., p. 97 ; cf. also above s.v. in.wunu.ng. *rihtgewittig, rational, sane. ^ getacnaK J seo rihtgewittuge sawl site> on )>am lichaman, GrD. 245 22 ; Hwylc rihtgewittigra manna is to \on motor J he icylle fya gastas secgan lichamlice ? ibid. 305 2 . *rihtlifhad, right mode of life. Halige men gebiddafc for heora feondum on }>a tide ^ hi magon . ... hi gehcelan mid hyra syljra rihtliflade, GrD. 336 l . rihtraciend, preacher [BT., H.]. Seo boc (Ecclesiastes) is agendlice on dSnglise rihtraciend gehaten, GrD. 264 27 . It occurs again GrD. 265 4 ; 265 5 ; 266 " ; 267 " ; 267 ls . riht^eow, -j'eowa, lawful slave [BT., H.]. Scege j ic ]>in rilifyeoica sy, 7 syle me on ^eowdome for hine, GrD. 180* (MS. C.). MS. 0. has rihfyeow. *riscbroc, rushy brook. Cf. NSCh., p. 63. 317 54 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. *frot, a root. Se Oodes freond cwcfo j? he leofode be weode 7 be wyrtan roten 7 be wteteres drence, S. 17, p. 122, 1. 4; He leofede It toyrtan rotan, ibid., p. 124, 1. 32; For]>an ^e he nolde f *6a roten fordrugode tceeron, NRT., p. 4 26 . H. and S. have the compound rotfeest from the Chronicle, A.D. 1127. *ruhha, a ray ? See suhha. *rumgallice, widely. J?0 \e her rumgallice ofer Godes riht ricsiaft, \a beo*6 \cer understregd mid stescellum 7 mid scearpum stanum, MH. 1 8 n . samlinga (by-form of samn-}, immediately [BT., S.]. Cf. my note in Ang. xv, 207. *samlocen, half-closed. Gyf\u candelsticcan habban tville, \onne blaw ]>u on \inum scytefingre 7 hald ]>ine hand samlocene, swylce \u candehtcef heebbe, KlZs. 26 ; Hafa ]>u \ine wymtran hand samlocene, ibid. 80 ; ]) mon mid bam satnloconc hfindum togcedere, 1 ibid. 111. *samodgang, communication (from one room to another). Witodlice in ]xere stowe fram }>am ny]>eran dale into \am uferan wees samodgang ]>urh gewisne upstige, GrD. 170 23 . This is the reading of MS. C. ; MS. 0. has somedtoncg. Can it be that 0. is right, and that we have here a substantive samodtang used in the sense of ' connection, communication ' ? *samodtang, adj., continuous, successive. Gedo -f man on ]>yssum \rytigum dagum samodtangum (= diebus triginta continuis] (Bice de 7 orsorh him to cyrcan, ibid. 309 6 (in MS. 0. only). There can be little doubt that we have the same word in both passages, and that samodgongan is miswritten for -tongan; cf . gadertang, 'continuous, connected with'; gcedertangnes, ' continuation ' ; getang, getangllce, ' near, together ' ; getenge, ' close to' (=0. Sax. bitenyi, O.H.G. gizengi], etc. ; also, with different ablaut, samtinges, ' without interval, immediately.' *samodtang, sb., communication, connection ? Cf. samodgang. *samodwist, a being one with. Siva myccle ma tee gcfremede beo> under eadmodnesse to \cere samodwiste \eah his agene lenge on ]><2re mycelnesse ]>e he man wees cer, o>>e he beon scolde, gif he full weoxe, se ^e on cildhade o'S'fte samweaxen gewat, MS. Tun. 99, fol. 109 b , 1. 8 (also in MS. Trin., p. 266, and other MSS.). sarspell, lament. This word is recorded in BT., H., and S., and BT. gives an instance from Hy. 4, 96. S. marks the word as only occurring in poetry, but it is also found in prose : Se man 8&de fram helle si^fate swylc sarspell swylce ncefre cer on men no becom, ne naht oft si>'%an, MH. 16 3 . sceaftrihte, in a straight line [BT., H.]. Cf. NSCh., p. 54. *fscearnbudda, dung-beetle. Scarabeus = scearnbudda, .2EG. 308 l (MS. W.). *scea : 6ful, hurtful. Siva ]>onne geweor^e^ j> ice becumaft ]>onnt fram ]>am idlan wordum to ]>ai seea^Sjullum, GrD. 209 26 . sceawere, a mirror. Nu we men geseo> swylce ]>urh sceawere j on radelse (1 Cor. 13 12 ), Jun. 99, fol. 114 b , 1. 15 (also in MS. Trin., p. 279, and other MSS.). Cf. also fAng. xi, 374 78 , On ]>an hiilgen gewriten se mann hine sylfne maig sceawtgen swa swa on hwylcen sceawere (from Yesp., fol. 106). The word is in the dictionaries, but BT.'s only instance is a gloss = WW. 152 38 . Speculea = sceawere. sceg^, a boat of considerable size (not a small, light boat). Cf. XSCh., p. 128. *sceoccen, devilish (from sceocca, scucca). Man toheoio ]?<* sticmcdum ]>one sceoccenan god, S. 6, p. 159, 1. 12. *sceppe, a measure. Her dent >a forwarde >e JE\eric worhte wi> ]>an abbode on Niwentune, y is Hi sceppe mealtes 7 healf tceppo hw&te, an slagry^er, v seep .... Leofstan abbod do> to ]>ia fermfultum an sceppe malt 7 Hi hund hlafe 7 vi fliccen 7 o]>er vi to fyllincge into \an ealdan fyrme, St. E., f. 106 b . This word, which is from O.N. skeppa, ' a measure, a bushel,' still survives in the modern dialects as xkep, ' a basket ' ; the earliest instances hitherto recorded are late M.E. (fifteenth century). Though not in the later O.E. dictionaries, sceppe is to be found in Lye and Bosworth (cf. note to scoru). scimrian, to glisten, shine [H.]. BT. only has an instance, from a gl. But see quot. under daegredleoma. scinlic, phantasmal, magic [H.]. It is not confined to Late 319 56 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. Northumbrian, as indicated in S. Be \am J preostas hi warnirn wi> ]>a Kci/nlican hiwinga dfofla prattes, Chr., p. 167. scipfsereld, sea-journey [BT., H.]. Sume dtege men waron on scipftcrelde of Siccilia \mn utlnnili', GrD. 273 18 . scoru, a score [BT., S.]. Heron stent geicritm hn-,i-1 m/in finale at Eggemere sy>>an Cole hit let. Dest is vii oxen 7 riii c>/ ~ nit f eld //>>/]> era (glossed by pascuales vituli] 7 ii stottas (gl. by "//" uiles] 7 v scora (gl. by quinquies uiginti] scap . . . . ~ ntt score (gl. by octies uigintf] acere gesawen 7 i flicce (gl. by an bantu*), St. E., f. 108. The history of this word is interesting: it lir>t appears in Lye (and the same holds good of the words sceppe, stott, mamlot}, with the ref. " Cart, ad calc. C.R. Ben.," i.e. to the MS. of the Benedictine Rule at C.C.C. Cambridge. This is incorrect, as the words occur not in the Cambridge MS., but in documents at the end of the MS. of the Ben. Rule at C.C.C. Oxford. From Lye Bosworth took them over together with the wrong ref., but Toller, presumably because he was unable to verify the ref., excluded them, and hence they have disappeared from the dictionaries. 1 In the case of scoru, Schroer called attention to it in RBS., p. xxii, and also Skeat in the Supplement to the first ed. of his Etym. Diet. in 1884, but it is to be found neither in BT. nor S. ; H. gives it without a ref. on the authority of Skeat. Even now its existence does not seem to be generally known, for Bjorkman in his Scandin. Loan-words in M.E., 1900, p. 129, mentions O.E. scor as having been quoted by Kluge, but states that he has been unable to find any O.E. instance of it. As the retention of the sk sound shows, it is of Scandinavian origin, O.N. skor. Note the early occurrence of the Norman French bacun. *scrapian, to scrape. Gyf\u cegera befrirfe, ^onne scrapa \iu mid ]>inum fingre up on \inne wyndran ]>umnn, KlZs. 67. This is the O.E. source of M.E. schrapen ; the N.E. scrape is, of course, troui the O.N. skrapa. *scrudfeoh, money for buying clothes. See quot. under hogg. *sealtflaesc, salted meat. Donne )>u for hwylcere neode sealtflmc wille, ^>onne twengc fyu mid ]>inre swi>ran neo^ewearde \ic ic>/n>inum ]>rim fingnon, swilece ]>u sealte, KlZs. 78. Or read sealtfasc? *sealting, dancing. Massepreostax . ne beon an \am geferscypum ]>ar w[n] icogerlice leo^S 7 tallice singe, 1 Except that H. has scor from Skeat. 320 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 57 lichamana beo^S fracodlice gebceru mid saltingnm 7 tumbincgum, Chr., p. 130. *searumete, dainty, delicacy. He fylde his wambe mid seammettum 7 mid oferfyllo, Yerc., f. 22, 1. 2 (S. 2, p. 275, where this passage also occurs, has searometturn). *sellendlic, dandus. Witodlice swa hwylce swa tvena?6 \at safe lufii ay on tete 7 on w&te, ofye on olpruni anfondlicum j sellendlicum Ipingum (= et dandis atque accipiendis rebus}, na hwonlice hie dwelicfe, Theod., f. 104 b ; %e ntefre gystas on huscerne onfo>6, btiton sellendlices gy stiluses med car apinsod sy ( = nisi prim dandi hospmi merces compensetur}, ibid., f. 97. *semnendlic, immediate. The dictionaries have the adverb. Arrianm .... wear^6 slegen mid semnendlicre blindnesse, GrD. 235 4 (MS. 0.); Hi gewunedon in \cere symnenlican 7 fcerlican wafunge, ibid. 284 23 (MS. 0.). *seocmod, not strong-minded. See quot. under snytan. sicor, ^fsicorlice, *fsicornes. The dictionaries record the simple sicor with the single reference to the CP. 425 3 . It, how- ever, also occurs in the early twelfth century MS. Vesp. D. 14, in an Engl. version of Alcuin's De virtutibus : cf. Ang. xi, 377 139 , Sicy^e sicore forgyfonysse se mceig him biddan cet Gode, se \e, etc. The compounds sicorlice and sicor nes, both of which octtur in M.E., and are still in use in the Northern dialects, are not recorded in the O.E. dictionaries, but both are found in MS. Vesp. D. 14. Cf. Max Forster, Furn trail Celebration T'olume, p. 92 48 , For \an ^e \a apostles scolden witen tiicerlice $ he arisen wees of dea^Se. The substantive occurs in MS. Vesp. D. 14, fol. 163, \)a habbe^S mycele mede, for heo habbe^S blisse for \are sicornysse Godes rice\ji\. Note the use of for as a conjunction ; it is common in MS. Vesp. D. 14, cf. H. A. Vance, Der spdtangelsdcJmsche Sermo in Festis S. Maria Virginia, Darmstadt, 1894, p. 16. The two earliest instances of for conj. in the NED. are from this MS. *slecgwyrhta, a worker in metals. Ipcet o\er wif Sella acende Tubaleain, \e was slecgwirhta j smi^S ( malleator et faker], Genesis iv, 22 (printed by Chase in Archiv, c, p. 254, and reprinted in Cook's Hiblical Quotations in O.E. Prose Writers, 2nd series, p. 307). ^sleghrrSer, ox or cow for slaughtering. Cf. quotation s.v. sceppe. Cf. slegneat in the dictionaries. [slic, sleek, smooth, cunuiug.] This word, supposed to be the parent of N.E. sleek, is included in all the modern dictionaries 321 58 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. ^J on the authority of a fragment printed by Cockayne in his Narratiuncula, p. 50, where he read slicera. The Latin original has sapientior, and Max Fb'rster has recently shown (Archiv, cviii, 21) that the MS. had not slicera, but snotera, the t and the right half of the o being lost in consequence of a tear ; Cockayne read what remained of the o as c, and the n as It. *sluraere, a sleeper. See quotation under swefecere. *smealicnys, subtlety. Preosta* synt to myngienne j> hi beon ware y hi neMur^Son beswicene fram deoflum ]>urh ge^anca smealicnysse, Chr., p. 167. *smi ; Sbylg, smith's bellows, $eah mon \one garsecg mid isernum weallum utan betyne .... 7 liine fyonne utan besette mid smtybylium, Jun. 23, f. 145 b , 1. 5. The same passage occurs in SS., p. 85 (from MS. Tiberius A. 3), where the reading is smffibelgum, and in Wst. 146 29 , which has the uncompounded byligeon. smolt, lard, fat [BT.]. It is in S. without ref., and in H. with ref., to the interlinear version of ^l^elwold's De comuetudine monachorum, Ang. xiii, 404. In In septuagesima, pinguedo ititt r- mittatur usque in quinquagesimam, the word pinguedo is glossed by smolt. Cf. also : Ifcer sculan eac n faite stvyn up arisan to smolte dtte Hi oran, St. E., f. 108. Cf. O.N. and Low German smolt, Dutch smout. It is connected with the Germanic vb. *smfltan, N.H.G. schmelzen, 'to melt.' *snyflung, mucus (from the nose). Cf. snytan. It is the verbal subst. from an unrecorded *snyflan (from snofl, ' mucus '), whence M.E. sm'velen, N.E. to snivel. *snytan, to clear the nose. Gif heora anegum for unhcele hraca of breosfe ofe^Se sny flung of nosa derige, hrcece 7 snyte beef tan him o*&6e adun be his sidan, j )>cet for/rede, \e las hit seocmodum bro]>rum 7 cisum ioyr^>e to ivlcettan .... 7 on cyrcan 7 on portice 7 on celcre stowe, siva hivcet swa ?w[w] him fram hrcece oft^Se sni/tc, fortrede hit mid his fotum, Chr., p. 35. The dictionaries have the verbal substantive snyting, 'sneezing,' and candelsnytels, 'snuffers,' but not the vb. snytan. This verb, which presupposes the existence of an O.E. *snut (whence M.E. snoute, N.E. snout"), still survives in the dialects ; it is, of course, cognate with O.N. snyta, N.H.G. schneuzen, etc. *speresceaft, spear-shaft. See quotation under fteraerning. *fspillan, to spill. See gespillan. tsprott, a fish-name, sprat. See note to culling. BT. has only one instance, from Ang. viii, 310. 322 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 59 *stsel : Sing, theft. Ipe Ices \a ]>enas .... }>a)'a brvftra god ]>urh stalling ( = furtini) atferion, Chr., p. 30. *stae)7hlype, sb., a steep place. The dictionaries have the adj. J? ]>a fie geseah manige men gan ]ntrh }>a stafyhlypan heora uncysta ( = per abrupta vitioruni), GrD. 95 16 . See also quot. under holnes. *stancynn, kind of stone. Abestus (= asbestos) hatte sum stancynn on Claudea rice ( Arcadia), ZfdA. xxxiv, 233. *stearcmod, stubborn. Hit is neod ]>am \e o> ]>is modig 7 prut 7 upahafen ic&re, 7 stearcmod lyfede, Chr., p. 13. *steorleaslic, not under control, undisciplined, wild. He yfelsacode . . . Godes mcegn^rt/m . . . in manegum gymeleaslicum wordum ^e sieorleaslicu cildru gewuniafc to sprecane, GrD. 289 10 . stoc, house, dwelling-place, place [H., S.]. In BT. only as place- name. -f> abordene clif hreas ]>a ofduneweard o]r f hit com jfxer hit mijnte feallan ofer f mynster, 7 j> ^onne wcere hryre ealles ]>ees stoces 7 forucyrd ealra ]xera brd*&ra, GrD. 12 12 ; p sona in Cassinum $ sine he onbead ]>am (efcestan were j>, etc., GrD. 172 s (MS. 0.). MS. C. has in C. }are stow, MS. H. has on C. \am, stocwic. 1 Cf. Ormulum, 1. 1050, twe}}enn stokess ; 1. 9778, I fad err stoke ; 1. 15694, Inn o\re stokess and modern place-names. *storfset, censer. Qonne \u storfat habban icille, ^onne wend ]>u ]>ine hand of dune 7 wege hi, sicylce \u styre, KlZs. 24. *stott, a kind of horse. See quotation under scorn. The earliest other instance of the word known to me is in the thirteenth century Owl and Nightingale. To judge from the gloss equi uiles, it must in O.E. have denoted an inferior kind of horse, but by Chaucer's time its meaning seems to have altered, for his reeve " sat upon a ful good stot." Lye and Bosworth both have it in the incorrect form stotte (cf. note to scoru). Wright (Dial. Diet.) quotes a now obsolete seventeenth century North Country stot, 'a young horse.' Is it the same as the M.E. stott, 'a bullock,' which still survives in the dialects? *strajtlanu, street. Seo stratlanu is on ^cere byrig of clanum golde geworht, S. 5, p. 385, 1. 17. *strichraeg'l ? a cloth for rubbing or wiping with.? Eadgyfe his swyster an strichrcegl, NSCh., p. 23 21 . stroccian, to stroke [BT., H.]. Gyf^e meolce lyste, Iponne strocca ]>u \inne wynstran finger mid ]>inre swy^ra[n] handa \am gelice swylce \u melee, KlZs. 66. 1 This is the only instance of stocwic in BT. 323 60 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. *strudian, wk. vb., to plunder. ]}a ]>a > 7 (fere men mid wo reafodest, >a greowon unc ]>a ecan witu, Verc., f. 22 b , 1. 20. Cf. gestrudian. *suflmete, a relish. He het beran mid him \om suflmete \e he or hit gt'Ht'tinritin, GrD. 201 M . *fsuhha =fannus, a fish -name. See note to culling. Suhha is, I take it, miscopied for ruhha, and we apparently have here a late O.E. instance of the later M.E. ro^e, corresponding to Middle Low German ruche, roche, whence. N.H.G. Roche, ' the ray.' Its precise relation to O.E. reohke =fannus (WW. 181 6 ; 319 17 ; &G. 308 6 ), M.E. rehje (see NED. s.v. reigh], is not clear. *sumerboc, a lectionary for the summer, lirihtric h(ef> .... 1 masseboc 7 ivinterradingboc 7 sumerboc, St. E., f. 107. The dictionaries have sumerreedingboc. *sunnanleoma, light of the sun, sunbeam. Swa swa he sylf sy^^an rehte, J eac call middaneard sivylce under anum sunnanleoman gelogod ware, GrD. 171 " and 172 22 . *swangettung, movement, agitation. Seo ste getacntfe ]>as and- werdan ivoruld, ]>e mid mislicum gelimpum >onne \a rihtwysan swylce of slcepes siceefcunge arisa%, ibid., p. 41. The dictionaries give a vb. dswefecian, 'to eradicate, root up,' the source of which is WW. 395 3 and 491 20 , extirpatus = asicefecad ; these two gll. both go back to one original, and are a gl. to Aldhelra, De laudibus virginitatis, ed. Giles, p. 16 27 . I strongly suspect that in the original the word was miswritten for astej'ecad = astyfecad, and that an uswefecian, ' to root up,' is non-existent. *fswigin8esse, silent or still mass. Se prest stod on \cere swinuesse, S. 17, p. 120, 1. 6 ; Se eadiga Egidius massode on ]>an nextan Sunnandage, 7 ealswa he was on \on cincge, ibid., p. 129, 1. 31. Stratmann-Bradley has an instance of swimesse from Moms, O.E. Horn., 2nd ser., p. 97 (late twelfth century), but these are earlier. *tsw6tlice, adv., sweetly. BT. and S. have the adj. Heo by> siva swotlice gefostrede, Vesp., f. 162, 1. 14. [swylt, a whirlpool.] This word is given both in BT. and H., with the ref. Hpt. GL 468 (i.e. the Brussels Aldhelm MS., the gll. 324 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 61 from which were published in the ZfdA., vol. ix), swyttes = gurgitis. Both BT. and H. assume that swyttes stands for swyltes, and BT. suggests connection with swelgan, ' to swallow.' The passage in Aldhelm is rapaci gurgitis aheo, and in the Digby Aldhelm MS. (cf. NG1. 1, 2667) there is no gl. over gurgitis, but over rapaci is written ueloci, swiftum, which is quite correct. There can be little doubt, as I suggested in my note, that the swyttes in the Brussels MS. is for swyftes, the scribe wrongly regarding rapaci as a genitive and as agreeing with gurgitis and not with alveo. syllrSe, team of oxen [BT., H.]. Cf. NSCh., p. 127. f tacan, oftacan. The verb tacan, 'to take' (from O.N. toko), is recorded in late O.E. BT. gives two early twelfth century instances from the Chronicle in the sense of 'to take captive,' and Plummer in his glossary to the Chron. gives further examples of it in this sense. Also from the year 1135 Plummer quotes an instance toe to uuerrien him, ' took to making (began to make) war upon him,' which is, of course, imitated from the O.N. taka at, with the infinitive = 'to begin.' In the year 1127 we read in the Chron. \et landfolc him wi% toe = 'received, accepted,' borrowed from O.N. taJca vi>, ' to receive.' To these I can add two instances of another phrase evidently modelled on O.N. usage. In O.N. taka a meant 'to touch,' and in MS. S. 17 we find tacan. on used in the same sense. So*6lice $ ilce ele is swa mihtig 7 swa strange y swa hwcet swa hit on tcec}>, Ipcerrihtes hit eall forbfern'K, S. 17, p. 178, 1. 21 ; Hi dydon ]>a hw&tlice ealswa heom getceht was, 7 sona swa $ ele toe on j> water, ]>a aras ]> a , S. 17, p. 174, 1. 10. tseflung, gambling [BT.]. Us syndon synderlice on \isum dagum fot'lodene .... idele sprceca 7 tceflunga 7 leorscypas, Cleopatra, B. 13, f. 49, 1. 13. Also in Yerc., f. 108, and in other MSS. *talfull, blameworthy, reprehensible. Cf. quotation under tosocn. 325 62 OLD ENGLISH LKXICOGKAl'HY A. S. NAPIKH. *tamcian, to tame, soothe. Leohtlic hwyslung mag hors tamcyan, 1 leonhwelpas gremian (= Lenis sibilus equos mitiyat, catulos instigat}, Chr., p. 163. Can the getaccodon edotmtis (POH. 402) be another instance ? The original may have had getilecodon, and the copyist may have left the ^-contraction out, and misread the e as c. The untamcul of PGH. 397 is, no doubt, a derivative of this vb. The vb. itself is a derivative of an O.E. *tamian: cf. stalcian from stalian. On the syncope of the middle vowel, cf. Weyhe, PBB. xxxi, 48. tending, a burning, stinging (of nettles) [~BT., S.]. H. has tending, 'burning,' without ref., and BT., S. have Mending, 'incite- ment.' He \a unscrydde his reafe 7 hine sylfne nacodne awearp 7 wylede on \ara ]>orna ordum 7 on ]>a earnode he me \as ecan teonan, Verc. 22 b , 1. 19. See also quot. under gealpettung. *tilen, teolen, studium \_tilian~\. fa ]>a he was swy^e georne behealdende >a teolone (so MS. C.; MS. 0. has tilone] his gestltenesse (= Cum hospitalttatis studio valde esset intentus], GrD. 194 12 . timple, a toothed implement used in weaving. See quot. under atimplian. *ftorfian, intrans., to be tossed, fa geseah he an scip, ut on ]>(?re see, swa swi^e torfgende frain ]>an wealcendum sees y^um y ealle ]>a men tcendon j> heora scip tolrocen tccere, S. 17, p. 120, 1. 29. The dictionaries only record torfian as a transitive verb. *tosocn, a visiting. J? forman costnunga preosthades mannon cuma?6 of wifa gelomlicre tosocne, 7 Ration weor*6a 3 6 prcostas talfulte, Chr., p. 109. *ft6sl8efan, to cut in pieces. Da tyn (since heo on twa toslafdon 7 on %am ilcten temple hit all biheowen, NRT. 32 2 . It is the causative of tdslifan. *trendan, intrans., to roll. In NG1. 1, 114, occurs the gloss: teretes, .i. rotundos, sintrendendt . To it I gave the following note: "H. has the less good reading sintredende : cf. sintrtndel. In the -trendende of D. we have the ptc. of the O.E. vb. *trendan, M.E. trenden, ' to roll, to turn,' N.E. to trend. Cf. also MS. NE. F. 4, 10 (MS. Bodley, 340), fol. 128, and hi ]>a namon swi^e micelne stan i fortrendon ]>are byrgenne duru, i.e. they closed the entrance to the sepulchre by rolling a large stone to it." I had overlooked OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 63 an instance which actually occurs of the uncoorpounded trendan. Se ceppel ncefre \ces feorr ne trenddeK, he cy> hwanon he com, Aug. i, 285 (from MS. Faustina, A. x). Zupitza believed trendde^ to be miswritten for trendlasS, but I take it to be correct. *tumbing, dancing. Cf. quot. under sealting. *twaedding, adulation. pam gyltigum brcferum .... nateshicon ne sceolon )># ro to swi^6e oleeccan, ne hig mid twceddingum besicican (= aut eos adulafionibus decipere], Chr., p. 100; Liccetung, twaddling, 1 murcnung (= dissimulatio, adulatio, mur- mur at io\ ibid., p. 61. *twifyrclian, to be different from. See forclas. j?aet, adv., then, thence (in the charters). Cf. NSCh., p. 113. )>an, wet, moist. It is in the dictionaries, but BT. and H. only give ref. to the gll. 2 (WAY. 446 13 , 526 32 ) ; it occurs, however, elsewhere : " Syle me Ipine bletsunge. pu sealdest me sifyerne lond 7 drugiende. Geiece me j> 7 syle me }>#." ]pa sealde se feeder hyre ^an 7 iceet land bufan 7 \an 7 w 6 7 bide]> cet ^am feeder ]>anes landes 7 wcetes, ibid. 245 23 . *]?eofung, thieving. See quotation under mor^orcwalu. ]?eostrig, )>ystrig, dark. BT. only gives Northumbrian and Kentish instances, and S. regards it as not West - Saxon. Cf., however : Gif ]>in cage by> manfull, \onne bi/> ]>in lichama eall }>ystn'ff, GrD. 76 9 . *f]?idercyme, a coming thither. Hi woldon ]>a helle belucen wi> ures Drihtnes fore j wr& his ^idercyme, S. 17, p. 73, 1. 9. *)>reatnes, affliction, tribulation. Hit gedafenit f hit sie on %am (sic) nexstan tide, ^onne hungor 7 sweorda gefeoht bi*6, j mycel ]>reatnes geicorden bft, 7 manigra folca gefehta beo>, Yerc., f. 80 b , 1. 12. *j?rinlic, threefold. On >one (i.e. God) we sceolon gelt/fan \rynlicne on hadum 7 anlicne on spedum, MS. Cleopatra B. 13, f. 44, 1. 7. This same passage also occurs in Yerc., f. 106 b , and in other MSS. J>r6werhad, martyrdom [BT., H.]. See jjrowiend- and J?r6wethad. 1 twaddung has been partly erased and then inked over by a later hand, so that I cannot be quite certain of the root vowel. 2 This is a gl. to Aldhelm's De laudibus virgimtm, ed. Giles, 174 36 . J Joshua xv, 19. 327 64 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIKK. *)>r6wethad, martyrdom, j) hi onfengon J? ungebrosnendlican han \ee& tyrowethades, GrD. 233 15 ; Full manige men magon under f on \one \rowothad, ibid. 233 * (so MS. C. ; MS. 0. has >rotcerhad). *J>r6wiendhad, martyrdom. )?# \rowendhades seo gccarnung by\ in deogolnesse, GrD. 23 1 8 (so MS. C.; MS. 0. has ^roicerhades}. }ryn, to press, bind. Se lichoma li^ on eor>an isne genearwod j mid racentunge (sic) ge^ryd 7 mid bendum gebunden 7 mid fetnim gefastnod, Verc., f. 117, bottom line; Expr&sit = ge^ryde vel avrat, St. Matth., ed. Skeat, p. 3 7 ; E^ihtald Lindisfearnolondinga biscob hit uta ge^ryde 7 gebelde, St. John, ed. Skeat, p. 188 ; Expressum = a^ryd, WW. 393 29 ; Expilatam = a}ryid, ibid. 20 16 ; Expil.=a}ryd, ibid. 23 1 24 ; Expil. = a]>rid, ibid. 393*; ]Pressm = bedrid, FNG1. 40. Cf. Sievers, Ags. Gr., 3rd ed., 117 and 408, anm. 18. *}mrhwuiiol, perpetual, pam leofestan biscope . ... an Cristes naman ic sende ^urhwunule gretinge, Chr., p. 155. LJ>ys(s), a storm.] Cf my note in PBB. xxiv, 245. unffiwfaestlice, irreligiously [BT.]. See quot. under preosthlred. *unalogen, not lied, true. Ac him is liwet&re \at so]>e in htofonum gehtalden mid urum Dryhtne Hcdendum Christi ^xef him ece 7 unalogen bffi, Verc., f. 5, 1. 2. *unarwur : Slic, inhonestus. Swa hit is eao unarwur^lic 7 bysmerlic J hig (the canons) (feres hades reaf tcerian, Chr., p. 101. *unaspringendlic, unfailing. Ic eom in heofona rice, \cer is leoht 7 ece lif 7 unaspringenlic gefea, Jun. 85, f. 14, 1. 8. underngeweorc, breakfast [BT., H.]. po sealde he heom . ane trywene Jlascan wines fulU to \on f hi mihton heom ]>a on heora fcerelde to underngeweorce habban, GrD. 66 12 ; ]7a gelaftode se Drihtnes wer \ysne cyning to underngeweorce, ibid. 186 3 . *unforspornen, not hindered. Cf. unforspurned. *unforspurned, not hindered. ^ we sceoldon on unforspurncdum fotum yisses andweardan weorces gan on ]>one iceg ]xes ecan lifes, GrD. 60" (this is the reading of MS. C., 0. has unforsporntnen, and H. has unatspornenum). Note the weak form spurned. *ungedwimorlice, clearly, without any delusion. ]> weolcn underfeng wurblice hine, him onhatvigendum, ungedwimorlice, Trin., p. 96, 1. 10. *ungefaed, indiscretion, unreason. See instance given above s.v. creaslic. *ungefea, unhappiness. Da men ]>e mastne dream .... butan Godes ondrysnum up ahebbaft her on worulde, hie ty>nne eft nueste 328 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 65 unrotnesne butan ende 7 mtestne ungefean butan cenigre blisse hie onfo^S, Verc., f. 73, 1. 13. *ungefdg, sb., excess, immanitas. As an adjective it is recorded in the dictionaries. Weamode lareowas ]>urh hetolnysse heora re^scipes gehwyrfafc ^xere lare gemet to ungefoge \cere wcelhreownysse (= ad immanitatem crudelitatis), Chr., p. 114. *ungenemnendlic, unexpected. Ipa semninga wear> he mid fcerlicum 7 ungeruemnendlicum (= inopinata) derive for]>fered, GrD. 341 13 . *ungeriht(ed), unconnected, unreformed. Gif hig ]>onne gyt eattunga ungerihte 7 ungecyrrede beon, Chr., p. 98. Cf. wandung. *ungerydelic, rough, violent. The dictionaries have the adverb. purh ]>one by]> oferswfyed 7 oferstatled y ungerydelice 7 $ hlude geflit \cesfolces, GrD. 265 2 . *ungeswenced, \inceasing. Ac ^6 seo ece lied j syo ece lufu swtye ungeswancedu, Jun. 86, L 37, 1. 5. *ungewenedlic, unhoped for. See quot. under nowend. *ungny]^elice, liberally, abundantly. 7 }^ r his J cewfceste lif leofde sict/lpe tmgne]>elice, GrD. 43 26 ; He scan ungne^elice mid ]>y worde ]xere halgan lare, ibid. 1 75 a . ^ungystll^e, inhospitable. He was slaw 7 swcermod to godan \ingan* 7 him ivces loft ^earfendum mannum aht to si/llene 1 7 he wees ungystlf&e, S. 9, p. 78. This passage also occurs in Wst. 257 l3 , but the MSS. there printed read uncumli^e. unhearmgeorn, inoffensive. BT. has only one instance. It also occurs in Trin., p. 412 : cf. quot. under imhetol. *~unhetol, not hating, gentle : peaceful. Culfre is sivi^e lylewit .... 7 swi>e unhearmgeorn 7 unhetol o>rum. Healdan we ]>as ^I'dirns, f we unhearmgeorne beon 7 butan bi/ternysse, Trin., p. 412, I. 15. *un.laidlic, adj., miserable. The dictionaries have the adverb. ]}<( ludi-as .... bfedon stvi>e unlcedlicre bene, swa him sytyan eall unlcedlic on bectfom, Verc., f. 6 b , 1. 10. unlsettu, sin [BT., H.]. ]? ylcan unlcettu he let hine eft ednitoian \a \ii lie xircltende wees, GrD. 28 9 35 . *unmae^ful, immoderate, excessive- Mor*6slagan 7 mandcedan 7 unmafyfidle gytseras, wiglcras 7 tviccan 7 unlybbwyrhtan, Jun. 99, f. Ill, 1. 3 (also Trin., p. 270, and in other MSS.). *unoflinnedlice, unceasingly. Ne beo> ^a tintrego gelytlode, ae \a cicelleras unojlinnedlice cwelma^, Verc., f. 117 b , 1. 3. *unrihtful, wicked. See quot. under lyblaeca. 329 5 66 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. *unrihtgestrod, wrongfully gained booty. Umi>/ttnn 4noMWMMiM 7 /t/n-iiltttfti, gytxung - tutrikigettrodu, Verc., f. 76, 1. 1. *onrihtli8emedfremmere, un adulterer. )? IHC-H )v . . . . leafy oferdrinecrax 7 MM/-/// thtf-nn-dfrrnnntrdx, .Jun. 85, f. 15 b , 1. 7. *unscyldiglice, innocently. The dictionaries have the adjective. Stca hn-ii Him niixcyldiglice butan facnc leofodi T hi* c>irr>' j cfeas 7 lyblac 7 wiccacrceft 7 untidcetas 7 oferdruncennt'w, Jun. 85, f. 3 b , 1. 5 ; Diofol us lancol, ungrateful. For hwan, hi man, furhir %u fyis eal fys ic for fye fyrowode ? For hican ictcr >u swa unfyancul (S. 8 -col} fyinre onlysnesse ? Verc., f. 60, 1. 22 (also in S. 8, f. 45 b , 1. 26); To hwan eart >u me swa unfyancul minra goda 7 minnt yifu ''. ibid., f. 68, bottom line (the same homily occurs in Wst., p. 250 tt'., but in Wst. the reading is ungefyancfull, cf. Wst. 259 '). *unJiancwyr : Sllce, ungratefully. For hwan onfcni/c 'Kit unfyanc- wyr&lice fya gife fyinre alysnysset Jun. 22, f. 109 b , 1. 21. *unwaelgrim, not cruel, merciful. Syfyfyan of fyan tide /> twffie unwcelgrim, GrD. 133 6 . *unwaestinberende, barren, sterile. \ionne 8if&f>an bfi& sio hreownes 7 fyctra teara mcegen unwaistmberende, Verc., f. 78, 1. 5. *unwenllce, unexpectedly, by chance. The dictionaries have the adjective. pa gelamp hit J se ma-**, jn-mxt //v/.v unictnlict abysgod wingeard to settanne, GrD. 88 17 (so MSS. C. and 0. ; il.S. H. has unmi/ndlunga}. *unwid, unwide. See quot. under forclas. not discordant, harmonious. Ilia ealle 330 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 67 to Cris'e on ]>am heofonlican wuldre, 7 hie ^onne onginncrS sinrjan Drilitne niwne sang swi^6e unwi>erweardlicum stefnutn, 7 ]>cer ^onne eardi(r6 mid Gode, Jun. 86, f. 40, 1. 11. *unymbfangen, incomprehensible. J?M hine (i.e. God) wast unymbfanr/enne 7 unyntbicritenne, GrD. 268 24 . *unymbfangenlic, incomprehensible. Hu unymbfangenlice syndon his domas, GrD. 137^; Hi secgaft 7 cy^Sa^S y his domas syn unymb- fangenlice, ibid. 138 32 . It occurs again 139 I9 . *unymbwriten, indescribable. See quot. under unymbfangen. *upahafu, a lifting up. See quot. under ajfenoffriiiig. *waeccendllce, vigilanter. The dictionaries have the adjective }>ur1ni-(eccendlic. p gei.cordenum ]>a/n mergene ]>a nunfamnan ongunnvn acsian \one ylcan fader waccendlice, GrD. 242 u . waeflian, to talk foolishly [BT., H.]. Cf. note to wlaeffian. waelgrimnes, cruelty, tofture [BT., H".]. Manige halige martyras \a \e \rowodon fela ivcelgrimnesse, GrD. 292 3 . It occurs again, ibid. 319 28 ; 335 9 , etc. See also quot. under haeftnydnes. waescestre, washer (used of both sexes) [BT., H.]. ^Efter Mm lobinus, se wees mm wcescestre, GrD. 191 23 ; lobinus . . . se wees &r ivcescestre, ibid. 192 2 ; Se massepreost . . . ictes lufigende his wascestran swa swa his agne swuster, ibid. 276 *; pa ]>a hine geseah seo his iceecestre, ibid. 276 u . *waeterdrinc, a drink of water. 7 scec ^ eac \^ man m *d wceter- drinccs sylene mihte him mycele almessan gedon, Verc., f. 112 b , 1. 4 from bottom. *waeterfrocga, water frog. See quot. under morseohtre. waetergefeall, waterfall [BT., H.]. Cf. NSCh., p. 116. *waetergesceaft, nature of water. jj water ivces standende . . . . efne swylce seo watergesceaft ware onwended in fastes wages sta^olfastnysse, GrD. 22U n . waeterstoppa, water-bucket [BT., H.]. Sona swa hit ($ wencel] Y icceter Mod, ^a becom an fisc in \one wceterstoppan, GrD. 11 22 ; fa gingran ]xes halgan weres abadon ]>a racenteage .... 7 At gefastn'>doti to ]>a>n rape 7 gebundon to >am wceterstoppan, ibid. 214 2i . waeterstream, stream of water. It is not, as indicated in S., confined to poetry. Ac he (Christ) wolde sylf swa gehalgian ure fulluht mid his halgan lichaman 7 ealle waterstreamas mid his ingange, Trin., p. 250, 1. 18 (also in Jun. 99 and other MSS.). *wambscyldig, gluttonous ? La, >u eor>an lamb 7 dust 7 wyrma gifel 7 \u wambscyldiga fcatcls 7 gealstor 7 fulnes 7 hrcew ! Yerc., f. 21 b , 1. 4. Or is the b in wamb inorganic (as in lamb for 331 68 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. /dm), and have we here merely the tvammscyldig , which occurs in. Gen. 949 ? *wandung, feeling of respect. The dictionaries haveforwandung, ' shame.' Oif ]>onne ag^er ge se ]>e man swang, ge se ]>e man for ylde o>*e for sumre ivandunge swingan ne mceg. begen lean ungcri]it> , Chr., p. 98. *wannian, to become dark-coloured, turn black. See quot. under colsweart. The dictionaries have the compound u tcannian, to which they wrongly assign the meaning ' to become pale.' The only instance of it in BT. is from Greg. Dial, i, 2 (= GrD. 20 32 ), but the meaning there is not 'to grow pale,' but 'to become livid, black and blue ' (in consequence of blows), pa gefeng lie ]>one fotsceamol .... 7 beot Libertinum on J Jicafod 7 on )? onsyne, o]> f he gedyde*} eall his andwlita awannode 7 asioeoll (= tot um illius vitltum tmnentem ac lividum reddidit). *wenendlic, to be hoped for. See quot. under gehyhtendlic. *weorcuhta, m. (or -hte, n. ?), hour of matins on a week-day that is not a festival. See quot. under msesseuhta. weorf. Cf. NSCh., p. 129, and Jordan, p. 125. weor^ungdaeg, festival [H.]. It is in BT. with one ref. [= "WW. 206 32 ], and in S. it is given as only occurring in a gl. Siva oft swa hit anige freolsdagas beon, Sunnandagas o'tf&e mcessedagas o^S^Se \yllice wurSingdagas \e ive hataft templhalgunga, forlceten ice ale o*6er tvurc, Lambeth, f. 48 b , 1. 6. *werreaf, garments for ordinary wear (as distinguished from vestments). Nimon (let them receive) heora ioerreaf to Sancte Martinm mcessen 7 oferslipas to Eastron, 7 heora gescy on ]xem mon^e Nowmbre, Chr., p. 74 ; Preosta (MS. Preostan') werreaf 7 hyra gescy 7 heora bedcla^as sceolon beon swa gedafenlice 7 swa medme y hi ne beon to deorwyr'&e ne eft to tvace, ibid., p. 104. *wesendlice, essentialiter. "p is ]>onne o]>er, J man eadiglicc lifige sume hwile, o^Ser is, J man a a wesendlice 7 ecclice life ( = alntd est beate virere, atque aliud essentialiter\ GrD. 336 38 ; Heo (the soul) by'K undeadlic, ]>onne heo ncefre blinne]> y hto aa wesendlice in ecnesse rihtlice lifige, ibid. 337 4 . widian, to grow wider [BT., H.]. ]pa sea^as . . . weaxa 3 & daga gehioilce 7 widia'S, GrD. 315 4 ; pa stowa ]>ara tintregena beo^f> gesewene . . . f hi widiaK 7 openia^S, ibid. 31 5 7 . Wif hired, a nunnery [BT., H.]. Ne blan he hwce'&re y he his geongran ne manode, hi n&fre gelyfdon heom sylfum to sicfee .... f him ware ea^elic se wif hired to healdanne 7 to rihtanne, GrD. 27 8 . 332 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 69 Wlggild, an idol. S. marks it as only occurring in poetry, and BT. has only one instance, from Dan. 182. It does, however, occur in prose : Se ealdorapostol cerest us gesette to healdanne ~^>as dagos j to beganganne for hafeenra manna gedwilde, for ]>an ]>e hie liiera wiggild 7 hiera diofiilgild on ^as dagas weor>edon, Verc., f. 71 b , 1. 8. *Wincynn, kind of wiue. Je drince ic heononfor'S of >ysum wincynjie wr on %atn dage \e ic eft drince mid eow niwe win on mines feeder rice, Bodl. 340, f. 124, i. 13 (also in S. 8, f. 161, 1. 16). *wlneardwealh, workman in the vineyard, vinitor. See quot. under aecerceorl. *winland, wine-growing country. 7 fftf nwa on ]>am ivinlandum for Godes lufon win wylle /organ, ioite se ealdor $ he habbe 60,16*6 his r ilt t genet, Chr., p. 24. *fwi^costian, reprobare. Wi^costode = reprobat, ECPs. 32 10 . wi^erdene, narrow? [H., S.]. Eft lie cwce%>, " Ge wepafe j hiofa%>, 7 }tes middangeard gefyKK." Near a 7 wi*&erdene is se halega weg, swa swa Dryliten sylfcwciS, Verc., f. 57, 1. 10. We evidently have here the same word as the ivi^Serdune quoted in BT. from lEatth. vii, 14 (Rush worth MS.), hu naru I wi^Serdune geate (= quam angusta porta], and as the loffierdyne which I have noted in GrI). 322 20 , Se weg is swP&e nearu 7 wi^erdyne \e lcede\ to ]>am ecan life. wi^igslaed, willow slade [H., S.]. Of. NSCh., p. 63. *wlaffian, to stammer, speak indistinctly. Nan fefor nis mannon mara ^onne se winlica icceta, of ]>am deafia^ ]>a earan 7 wleaffaf* seo tunge ( balbutit denique lingua}, Chr., p. 121. The dictionaries give an instance of a sb. wlceffetere from a Prudentius glossary (PGrH. 403), and the vb. wlaffen, 'to stammer,' and wlaffere, ' a stammerer,' are found in M.E. There is a verb wceflian, ' to talk foolishly,' which is not in BT. or H., but which S. has without a ref. ; it occurs as a gl. to Abbo's Clericorum Decus (printed by Zupitza, ZfdA. xxxi, 16), blatterat = wceflaft. At first sight one might be inclined to regard it as miswritten for ivlceffcft, and to be a further instance of iclajfian, but I take it to be a distinct word, and, despite the difference in meaning, to correspond to O.X rafla, 'to move about unsteadily,' and M.H.GL ivalelen, 'to be in motion,' which are connected with O.N. vafra and M.H.G. waberen, M.E. wuveren, and N.E. to waver (O.E. *wafrian is not recorded, only the adj. w .... wur*f>f gefyled mid besmitenysxe fracodlicra tan-da 7 u-fatunega, Chr., p. 130. wliteweor)>, ransom [BT., H.]. Seo tuede him f hire sunu ware geladed in httftnyde .... 7 bad ]>one Godes wer j> he hire his u'liteii'eor]> gesealde, GrD. 179 31 . *wdgerlic, amorous, wogerlic leo^, a love-song. Cf. quot. under salting. *wohhian ? to speak wildly, to rave, pa wende se cniht y he dicolode 7 wohhade (so MS. G. ; MS. 0. has icihade), GrD. 314 7 . Or is it miswritten for woffode ? *wordlar, teaching. Swa don hi . . f . . hi beon to byme o^riim, ge an ivordlare, ge an drohtnunge ge an scfere lufe, Chr., p. 82. *wordpredicung, preaching. ]pa hyrdas sceolon .... him aitywan rihte drohtnunge ge mid godum bysntwi, ge eac mid trord- predicutiffitm, Chr., p. 107. *woroldbryce, secular use. Not in the dictionaries, though BT. records ivoroldbroc from this passage. Diaconas ne sceoldon brucan gehalgodra mtcssehrcegla to neenegum woroldbroce (MS. C. has woroldbryee), MH. 136. *woroldgyrla, worldly garment. Sica eac se glanca cyrcan lareow ne geyp^ he ]>a deopan geryno ]xsn gastlican andgytes one scinendan woroldfjyrlan 7 ymbscrydan hig mid \am icoplican gyrlan, Chr., p. 162. *woroldhremming, irapeclimentum seculi. For ]>i gerist f ]>a \>e God habba'K to yrfewerdnysse, j> hig hogion y hi Gode froician btitan woroldhremminge, Chr., p. 124. *woroldricetere, worldly power. We gesetton J ]>a \e ttne beo^ to preozthade gedon . . . . J? hig na si^^San to campdome ne to nanon ivoroldricetere ne ge\ri*tlam worldscyrum ice beo% ful oft genyded -f we dd*f> ]>a \ing %e us genoh geiviss is J we ne sceolon, GrD. 3 7 . *woroldstrang, having worldly power. Cf. quot. under woroldwelig. *worold)>enung, secular office. Aworpan hi u-orold^enuncga 7 334 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY A. S. NAPIER. 71 mancguncga (= sacularia ojficia negotiaque abjiciant\ Chr., p. 126; Ipas ne beofe natSer ne an worold^enuncgum mid leewedum mannum, ne mid preostum an Ipcere godcundan tewfastnysse, ibid., p. 128. *woroldwelig, rich in worldly goods, far beo> \onne gemette ]>a icoruldstrangan kynegas 7 caserns 7 icoruldicelige gitseras 7 unrihthcemede 7 stnideras 7 icerigcwe>ende (MS. has -cicedende} j oferdrinceras, Jun. 22, f. 107 b , 1. 9. *wrnsian, to be wanton. p beo> \cer cwylmed in ecum fyre ~*&a ]>t> her xivfeo&t mid wo wrcemia^, Verc., f. 17, 1. 17. (This passage also occurs in S. 2, p. 258.) *fwrigennes, a covering. In velamento = on wrignesse, ECJPs. 60 *. Cf. onicr- in BT., H., S. *wuldorheap, glorious troop. Ures Drihtnes, Hcdendes Cristes, freo nama a on ecnyssa sy gewur\od, ]>e cengla wuldorheap him sylfum to wyrZscipe gegearawode, St. E., f. 106 b . *wulf haga, an enclosure to protect the flocks from wolves ? Cf. XSCh., p. 53. *wulfpyt, wolf-pit. Cf. NSCh., p. 53. *wundorhus, upper room, solarium ! See quot. under onweg- faereld. *wynbliss, joy. par bi/% a hyht ond wynUis on lurgum, GrD. 2 *. wyrtrum, -ma. Cf. NSCh., p. 68. *wyrttunhege, garden enclosure. Hi }>a . . . . ealle utferdon, swa j? ]xer an ne belaf binnon }>am wyrttunhege, GrD. 67 18 (MS. H.). *yfeldema, a wicked judge. See quot. under leasfyrhte. *yfellice, adv., evilly, wrongly. The dictionaries have the adjective. Hie . . . hint', urne Dryhten Crist, ymbsweopon mid reade hragle yfelice ... 7 gegiredon hine, urne Dryhten Hadende Crixt, mill rettde hragle yfellice, Verc., f. 5 b , 1. 7. *yflung, injuiy. $a sona wees his j? re>e mod gecyrred to mycelre (tr'i-ui-^netse ^ces biscopes, \xes ylcan ]>e hine cer lyste witis 7 yflunge, GrD. 197 12 . ymbe)>ridian, to deliberate about, think about [H., S.]. In BT. from "WW. 204 38 . Se deofol us symle ymbe\ryda^, Cleopatra B. 13, fol. 50, 1. 17 (also in Verc., f. 108, 1. 24, ymtyruUQ, and in other MSS.). *ymbspenning, an allurement. Xe beon hi ydelgeorne .... n< * uc o^ra Icahtra ymlmpanninga ne began, Chr., p. 107. Cf. for- spenning, NG1. 335 ADDENDA, THE material contained in the foregoing pages was mostly taken from the entries in my interleaved copy of BT. Besides these I have a considerable collection on slips, the words from which I intended to reserve for a later article. When the above \v;is already in type I determined to work through my slips at once :md print them as Addenda. I regret that it is now impossible to incorporate them with the first part. A number of the words here given are from my Wulfstan slips; Wulfstan words which are not in the dictionaries I have included, even if they are in the articles mentioned on p. 1. LIST or BOOKS REFERRED TO (continued from p. 4). -Jordan = R. Jordan, Die altengl. Saugetiernamen, Heidelberg, 1903. Ltbl. = Literaturblatt fiir germ, und roman. Philologie. Roeder = F. Roeder, Der altenglische Regius-Psalter, Halle, 1904. Sohrauer = M. Sohrauer, Kleine Beitrage zur altenglischen Grammatik, Berlin, 1886. *abolgol, moved to anger. Nial sede . . . . J God sige Sunnandeges weorcum 7 Saternesdeges ofer non swi\e stran\_g~]lice alolgel, Wst. 220 M . *acwylmian, to suffer torment. Ne cuma}> Ug ncefn fo r*iU, ystra% ar icondde ende 7 mo>ni adeorcd*, AVst. 92 21 ; Mona, hit ewe*, adeorca*, ibid. 93 s . adlung, disease [BT.]. Sofelice he sylf atltrad ure adlunga, JEH. i, 122 31 . *8fenglommung, evening -gloaming. Crepusndum = (/Joiijimn- munge, SHy. 16. Pogatscher in AfdA. xxv, 4, gives eefengld>iii,,j with ref. to Beda, ed. Schipper, 9 54 ; but the spellings of the MSS. are: MS. Ca. -glommung, MS. B. -gleaming. [fieftenstemn, puppis.] This is given by Klnge, Ltbl. 1882, 388, with a ref. to " QF. 315" (=Mone's Quellen und Forschungen). 336 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY, II A. S. NAPIER, 73 But M'one has se (eftera stemn, and Wiilcker, who printed this gl. (WW. 288 *) from a collation by Holder, also reads se aftera stemn, which is evidently right. The incorrect (eftenstemn is to be found in the edition of these Brussels gll. in Appendix B to Cooper's Report and in Wright's Vocabularies. *selte, adj., deserted, empty. 0> y heora burga weorSan celate, "VVst. 47 ~ l ; Diuites dimisit inanes = welige he forlet idele I celeste, Roeder, Hj. 9 53 (= Luke, i, 53). aescen, a wooden vessel. To the instances in the dictionaries (viz., Heming, p. 393 in BT., and Ang. ix, 264 (= Gerefa) in H.) add: f " Sete hicon ]>m ascen ^ ic mahge drincen," Archiv, c, 265 (Gen. 24 u ) ; pa com Rebecca 7 hcefde hyre ascen uppan hure sculdrum, ibid. 265 (Gen. 24 15 ) ; Heo \a ageat of Ipam ascene ardlice Ms laue, ibid. 266 (Gen. 24 21 ). These passages are from MS. li, 1, 33 (twelfth century). *aej?reclic, terrible. Roeder, 95 4 . Cf. ]?racian. atyrytnes, tedium [H.]. In BT. and S. without ref. Cf. note to NGl. i, 4582. *wicnes, eternity. Usque in sceculum seeculi = o> tewicnesse, Roeder, 102 n (cf. note on p. 303). afremdian, afrem^an, (i) intrans., to become alienated, grow strange [BT.]. Neither H. nor S. record the intrans,- use. tycet ic wolde J liy }>e afremdedon, Wst. 255 I3 . This I render "that they should become strangers to (fall away from) thee " rather than "that they should alienate thee." (ii) trans., to alienate [BT.]. Alienati = afrem^ae, Vesp. Psalter, Ps. 57 4 . The Canter- bury Psalter (twelfth century) has afremdodce. *agnere, a possessor. JEG. HO 19 . *agymeleasod, neglectful, careless. Seo werige sawl \e her forwyrlit bi^ 7 agimeleasedu Godes beboda, Verc., fol. 11, 1. 5. This same passage occurs again in Verc., fol. 115 b , 1. 29, Seo werie sawl ^>e her fonvyrht by^& j agymcleasudu Godes beboda. *aleoran, to go. Transmigra = aleor, Roeder, 10 2 ; \Tr. = aleor I fly y an, ECPs. 10 2 . *amidian, to make mad. Fatua = amidod, Roeder, Hy. 6 6 (cf. note). *andweardian, praesentare. SHy. 89. angmodnes, distress of mind [H.]. In tintregum, in angmodnysse carmra sawla, Wst. 188 6 . *apluccian (of), to pluck off. Carpo, ic totere otte pluccige . excerpo, ic of apluccige, JEQ. 170 U . 337 74 OLD ENGLISH I.! \ K < ><; K \ I'll V, II A. S. NAPIER. apytan (lit), to put out (of the eyes) [BT., H.]. S. gives ' (ifiiftan = n\yte /// \x la nf * ]trrr,j1ie tvffts atelice hreoflig, JErT. i, 122 ' 7 . The dictionaries have the adj. *fa}>Winan, to vanish. Se scitcce .... rtedlice a^icun of heora gexifye, S. 17, p. 178, 1. 35. a^ynnian, to make thin [H., S.]. Tenuatur = ift a\!nnwl, SHy. 8. *awlispian, to lisp. Seo tunge awly*pa\ .<'> \< etr JirrMr ful rccene sprace, Jun. 23, f. 142 b . Cf. my note in MLX. iv (1899), i27'.<. aworpian, to stone? Kluge in Ltbl. 1882, p. 388. ive< it with the ref. " Legg. p. 60." This seems to mean R. Schmid, G< - der Ags., on p. 60 of which oftoorpod occurs twice, but there is no aicorpod. [bedrian, to bewitch, deceive.] It is not in the dictionaries, but Kluge in Ltbl. 1888, p. 388, gives this verb with the reference " Swi^h. p. 10," and he connects it with dry, ' a magician.' This means the Gloucester fragments of ^Elfric's life of St. Swithun, published with a facsimile by Professor Earle. The same homily was printed by Skeat from MS. Julius E. 7, in J-'.S. i, 466 413 , and the passage in Skeat runs, ]>e las ^e se dcofvl us bfdydrimi wage, ' lest the devil may deceive us.' Earle's facsimile of the Gloucester fragment reads be dri. with an unusual space, sufficient for three letters, between be and drian. I assume that dy has been erased (the zincograph facsimile gives no indication of erasures), and I believe that some careless reader, seeing the word bedryda, 'bedridden man,' which occurs on the >ame page of the Gloucester fragment, took this to be the same word and ei the dy. I cannot otherwise account for the unusual gap between the be and drian in the MS. 1 1 Since writing the above I have been t<> (Jlouccsti-r ami have rxamiwd the fragment. The MS. really has !>< ili/ilnn/i, as I surmised, the letters dy, though much faded (not erased), being still quite legible. 338 OLT) ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY, II A. S. NAPIER. 75 begeomerian, to lament [BT., H.]. Se \e hiiie sylfw icreg> 7 his gyltas her on life legeomera/S, li. 4, 6, p. 440, 1. 12 ; Se ~*&e . cerran gewyrhta georne beyeomera^S, Wst. 75 15 . behyhtan, to trust [BT., H.]. Wa ]>am ]>e .... on God ne behiht, Wst. 48 8 . belej7an, to make hateful, pervert [BT., H.]. Wa eoio ]>e ungod to ffode 7 god \ing to yfele, biter >ing to swete j swete Wst. 47 7 . beotlice, boastfully, exultingly. The dictionaries only record it in the sense of ' threateningly.' Wa eotc, ]>e . . . . eer on morgen oferdrenc dreoga/6 7 leotlice Iceta^S y ge mare magan, \onne hit gemet sy, Wst. 46 I5 ; ^Swa beotlice clypien, NRT. 26 3 ". bernhus, a bam [BT., H.]. pa sume deege code his moder in hire bernhus, GrD. 68 22 (MS. 0.). besceawere, a beholder [H., S.]. Speculator = besceaware, 8Hy. 24. In BT. without ref., from Somner. *besceawod, considerate, moderate. tyonne is seo gemetegung ealles ]xes lifes gemet, ]>e Ices \e cenig man to Dearie hwcet lufige d*&6e on hatiyige hcebbe ; ac seo besceawode geornfulnyss gemetegd^ ealle ]>a missenlicnyssa ]>ise$ lifes, S. 5, p. 420, 1. 21. The two following instances were given by Sohrauer, p. 32 : Sy he snotor 7 icel lesceaiood on his dadum, RBS. 121 - ; Beo he a foregleaw j wel besceawod (= providus et consider atus} on his bebodum, ibid. 120 15 . The dictionaries have unbesceaivod. *bIswaC ? supplantatio. Koeder, 40 10 . borggylda, a debtor. BT. and H. only have it in the sense of 'usurer, money-lender,' from Ps. Spelm. MS. C. 108 10 . But cf. SFTy. 33, Debitoribus = borhgeldum. botettan, to repair [BT.]. Eac ice magon swy\e micele \earfe 7 (clniessan us sylfum yedon, gif we willa^S bricge mocian 7 ^>a symle botettan, Wst. 303 8 . H. has it, but with the wrong ref. W. 308 8 . In MLN. iv (1889), 277, I suggested that the boteatan 1 of the Gerefa (Ang. ix, 261 9 , and GesAgs. i, 454 s *) was miswritten for botettan; and Pogatscher in ES. xxv (1898), 423; xxvi, 320, independently came to the same conclusion. broclic, full of hardship, miserable [H.]. 6e]>enc . . . . hu &ceorte 7 hu broclice synt Rinses lifes daaas, Wst. 248 J . bydenfset, a bushel [BT.]. H. has it with the reference to I have examined the MS. and found that it clearly has botcatan. 339 76 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY, II A. S. NAl'IKK. B1H. 127 6 . Cf. also fCS. iii, 367 38 , vi bidenfate 7 n cuflas - ]>/// trogas 7 lead 7 trefet 7 ?'.r winterstellas 7 i fedelsuwin. carlfugol, male bird. In the dictionaries without reference. Nan mann ne wat hwe*6er hit is \e karlfugel \e cioenefugel, ES. viii, 476 ', and again 479 90 . [cealfwyrt, a plant name.] It is not in the dictionaries, but is ijivcii as a plant name by Hoops, Ueber die ae. Pflanzennaim n, 1889, p. 68, and by Jordan, p. 177. The source is WW. 136 17 , Eruca = calfwyrt. But on examining the MS. (Brit. Mus. MS. Addit. 32,246, fol. ll b ), I found that the scribe originally wrote caflwyrm, then he altered the /to w by joining the two side strokes, thus producing a letter which, it is true, has rather the form of a j>, but which the scribe undoubtedly meant for w. I therefore read cawlwyrm, 'a caterpillar,' Cf. WW. 121 23 , gurgulio = caivelwiorm (so MS.) ; Catholicon Anglicum, p. 51, Cale worme = eruca, etc., and note at foot of page. cenningstow, birthplace [BT.]. In H., S., without ref. He . befran hwcer Grides cenningstow ware, ^EH. i, 78 u . Further, ^H. i, 80 21 ; 108 6 ; 108 u , etc. *ceolw8Brc, pain in the throat. Wi% ceohocerce, Lcdm. ii, 312 2 . *cli)>wyrt, rubea minor. Lcdm. 50 8 ; 54 33 . The first of these instances is given by Pogatscher in AfdA. xxv, 8. Cf. cli)>e, p. 91 (also cited by P.). clyccan, to draw together, to clench, close. [= M.E. clicchoi, clucchen, N.E. clutch. Cf. Academy, May 7, 1892, p. 447.] In H. and S. without reference, BT. has gecliht on the authority of Somner; this is obviously taken from LSc. 99 2 , Non.tit porrwta manus tua ad captandum, sit ad dandum collecta = Na sy aatn-ht hand \in to nt'mene, heo sy to syllene gecliht. Cf. also quotation under blsechorn. Cf. also for- and ymbclyccan, pp. 79 and 88. [constuc.] Not in BT., S., but H. has it with the queried meaning ' coal bed,' and Pogatscher, AfdA. xxv, 14, gives slue, 'a heap,' with a reference to Kluge, ES. xi, 512. K.'s source is a gl. in the so-called Glossae nominum (Loewe, Glossae nonutium, Leipzig, 1884, p. 27 ; Gallee, Old Saxon Texts, p. 358 ; Goetz und Gundermann, Corpus Gloss. Lat. ii, 571 2S ), where the Erfurt and Werden MSS. have carbonarius locus carbonum constuc, and Kluge, I.e., took constuc to be miswritten for cohtuc, whence he deduced an O.E. stuc = M.E. stouke. But Goetz in the Index Scholannn hibernarum, Jena, 1888, p. vi, called attention to the reading of the Cambridge MS., viz. carbonarius locus carboni constructus, which is, 340 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY, II A. S. NAPIER. 77 no doubt, the better reading, and constuc (over which there is a line in the Werden MS.) stands for *constructus. Cf. Goetz, Thesaurus glossarum ewendafarum, p. 180, s.v. carbonarim. cost [from O.N. kostr] [BT.]. H. and S. give the phrase \ces castes ]>e, 'on condition that,' the former with the ref. to ELC. 217 (= CD. iii, 315 2t ). In the laws of JEthelred it occurs in the sense of ' choice, possibility,' 7 ^ar \egen age ticegen costas, GesAgs. i, 232. It further occurs in 0. North, in the sense of 'way, manner,' Ullo modo = (vngum coste, Durham Kit. 113; Modis = costum, ibid. 108 ; Multimedia = monigf aid* cost(?), ibid. 121 (cf. Lindelof, Wb. zur Interlineargl. des Hit. Eccl. Dunelm., p. 122). Further in the Lindisfarne Gospels (St. John, ed. Skeat, p. 7, 1. 10 1 ), Modis ' = costum I uisum. Cf. Bouterwek, Die vier Evang. in alt-nordh. Sprache, 1857, p. 306 2 ; Zupitza, AfdA. vi, 23; Sievers, PBB. ix, 269; Kluge, Pauls Grundr., 2nd ed., i, 932; Bjorkman, p. 247 ; Pogatscher, AfdA. xxv, p. 8, etc. crismal, masc. or neut., chrisom [BT., H.]. Mid \am crismale ]>e man him onufan y heafod de'ft, man tacnatS ]xene cristenan cynehelm, Wst. 36 . cufle, a cowl [BT., S.]. Duas cucullas = Two, cujlan, Reg. Ben. ed. Logeman, 92 9 ; Cuculle ~ Cuflan, ibid. 92 15 ; Cuculla = Cufle, ibid. 93 9 . Cf . also NED. s.v. cowl. *cumicge, cow's urine. Be^e midhattre cumicgan, Lcdm. iii, 10 20 . Cf. Jordan, p. 174. cirSlic, certain. It is in the dictionaries, but without reference. ]ponne se frofergast cyniQ ... he cy> gecy^6nysse swP&e cu&lice be me, Trin., p. 199, 1. 9 (John xv, 26). In ES. xxxjii, 177, Swaen cites two further instances from MH. 110 J and 112 9 . cyfel, a tab [BT., S.]. Cyfa, cyflas, Gerefa (Ang. ix, 264, and GesAgs. i, 455); ]ii cuftas, CS. iii, 367 39 . It corresponds to NHG. Kulel. cynehelmian, to crown [BT.]. Her se geleafa .... cyne- helmode }a maignu, Zupitza, ZfdA. xx, 37. Cf. ES. vii, 132. Cf. further, f Cynehelmigen hine mid }>ornen, KL. 101 119 (from Vesp.). fcyrring, conversion [BT., H.]. -p hwa emb \a morgenlice cerringe }xence (= de crastina conversione], Ang. xi, 387 394 (from Vesp.). cystian, to put in a coffin [BT., H.]. For6ferede ^ear/an 1 Cook gives the incorrect reference, J. 17, 10. 2 Bouterwek there gives the two first instances from the Durh. Kit. 341 78 OLD KMil.ISH LEXICOGRAPHY, II A. S. NAPIER. mildheortlice ct/xtiaii 7 sy^^San bcbyrian, \Vst. 209 '. The same passage occurs again, Wst. 119* 1 ". Cf. my note iu Archiv, Ixxxiv, 326. *cystiglice, bountifully. Largiut cy&tiglicor, SHy. 29 ; 140. The dictionaries have c;/st(e}llce. *Dauidlic, Davidicus. SHy. 108. *declinian, to decline, ponne mag man .... him- di-clinian, JEG. 88"; Swa we / declinodon, ibid. 102"; We habbcfo nu declinod\a eahta frumcennedan pronomina, ibid. 100'. dyrfan, to hurt, afflict [BT., H.]. Dy us deriefe 7 Dearie di/rfaK fela ungelimpa, AYst. 91 ls ; Jactata gedyrfed, PGH. 402. *fealdord6mlic, principalis. ECPs. 50 u . ealfara, a pack-horse. See above, p. 18. On meaning and etymology cf. Jordan, p. 126. 1 He suggests that it comes ultimately from the Arabic al faras, ' the horse,' which found its way into Spanish as alfaras, the term for a horse of the Moorish cavalry. It is also found in O.French auferan, and it is from this Jordan derives O.E. ealfara. In the eleventh century the I had not yet become u in O.Fr. eargscipe, sloth. It is in the dictionaries, but H., which i.-. the only one giving a reference, has a wrong one, viz. " AY. 23 '-." Ongean modsta^olnysse 7 modes strencfte se manftiUa deoful sendees wacmodnesse 7 ly^Serne earhscype, "VVst. 53 12 . *eg-la-eg, interj , euge! E-oeder, 69 4 . [eohblgenga, horse-keeper.] This is given by Jordan, p. 96, wiih a ref. to Epist. Alex. (Ang. iv, 155 431 and Xurr. 18), Hi* c<-)* heorde and .... his eohbigenga. According to Baskerriile a letter* has beeu cut off before eoh, and it seems to me more probable that the real reading was feolibigenga, which would IT synonymous with ceapes heorde ; the whole renders the Latin gregarius miles (Narr. 57), which the translator has misunderstood. 1 *facenfullic, deceitful. Nichil subdolum = nald fce/>fullia*, SHy. 24. *-fcnig, dolosus? Eoeder, 72 *, 1 Max Forster called my atU'iition to this note. 2 Since writing the above I have examined the MS. (it is the MS. containing Beowulf) and find Baskerville's statement that a letter lias been ''cut off" is inaccurate. The left margin of the MS. has crumbled away, and the la>t liiiidt r has pasted paper along the edge to preserve it, and in doing so has unavoidably covered up some letters (as in Beowulf). On holding the leaf up to the li^ht I could see that the MS. has feohbigenga ; the f is still there and can be clearly read through the paper covering it. 342 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY, II A. S. NAPIER. 79 sudden death. In the dictionaries only from a gl. (W\V. 351 19 ). -\Forhwan tie ondradest ]>u \e j> \e fardecfe bereafige \m d(K(jts \inre yehwerfenysse ? Ang. xi, 3b7 3% (from Yesp.). *ffedelsswin, fattened pig. Cf. quot. under bydenfaet. feht, a shorn sheep [BT., S.]. xx lamba 7 xx fehta, OET. 438 7 . Cf. Jordan, p. 157. and Kluge, Z.f.d. \Vortforschung, ii, 299. Leo, followed by 11., assigned to it the meaning ' cake.' *feohbigenga, a cattle-keeper. Cf. eohbigenga. ficol, deceitful, false (X.E. fickle]. In the dictionaries only from a gl., the reference in BT. being Prov. 14 ; this is a gl. to Pror. 14 25 (= Zupitza, ZfdA. xxi, 29, and WW. 69 ls ). Cf. further: Ne beon ge nti>or ne to sioicole ne to ficole ne lease, Wst. 40 * Sume u-eor^a^ swicole 7 sivcedice ficole, ibid. 82 3 . *ffiften^a, fifteenth. See quot. under geswillan. *fingerli, nnger-joint. Articulus = lt> I fingerU^, MS. Addit. 32,246 (cf. E. M. Thompson, British Archceological Association, 1885, p. 147). flsescen, adj., of flesh [BT.]. The only ref. in H. is to a gl. (GPH. 394). Eagan sind flcexcene 7 te> banene, ^EH. i, 532 6 . *forcippian, to cut off. Precisa = forcyppuA (two other MSS. have forcippod], Boeder, Hy. 2 12 . (Isaiah, xxxviii, 12). Lye has forci/ppud=prrosntes, AVst. 139 1 ; Obscura = forsworcennyssa, SHy. 23 and 37. ^for^bigferende, a passer-by. Cf. quotation under yfelsacian. ''for^staepping, progress, advance. Processu = midfor^&stfeppinga, SHy. 80. *f6tcopsod, fettered. Compeditos = fotcopaede, SHy. 125. The dictionaries have gefotcypsed. fotlaest, footstep. The dictionaries give it only as a masculine, but it also occurs as a feminine. Ilwctyer ]>u mage tocnawan hwces 343 80 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY, II A. S. NAPIKR. fotlcesta J?K gesco on ]>isxere flore astapene, S. 6, p. 155. Sohraucr, p. 49, gives two further instances from JEH. i, 506 12 ; 508 n . *fracodd8ed, wicked deed. Utan .... mllr fracoddceda swi%e (txcun i(i, Wst. 188 15 . *fremedl8can, to alienate. Alienati =fremedle ice to heofenum at<;rit>,it *r,,,-uii, Wst. 252 12 . *fyrentacnian ? Roeder, Hy. 6 21 (cf. note). *fy]>erhweohlod ? four-wheeled. Quadrigis = fi/rhiceohloie la~%e ne gemetcfe, Wst. 204 2 * ; Sy^S^an hie gedaldon (after they had parted), Andreas, 5. Cf. Cosijn, PBB. xxi, 8. Pogntscher, Ang. xxiii, 273, gives another explanation, but the Wst. passage seems to disprove it. *gedw8smann, a foolish person. Secgcfo eac sume gedivastittmi, MR. i, 100 29 . H. has dtcasmann with a ref. to ^S. i, 370 l01 ; the passage, as printed by Skeat, runs : Us sceama'K t<> x/Tt/nnic ealle %a sceandlican wiglnnga ]>e ge dweesmen drifa^S ; and Sk. trans- lates ' which ye foolish men practise.' We must evidently read here too gediocesmen l (which foolish men practise). *gedwolfffir, abductio. Roeder, Hy. 6 S6 (Deuter. 32 36 ). geeastrian [BT., H.]. We forbeoda^ ordal 7 a^xis . fram Septuagesima 0*6 fiftene niJit beon geeastrode (until fifteen days have elapsed after Easter), Wst. 208 ' 4 ; Leof, ic bidde Jw . . , 1 eac beode y ]>u ne cume onn nanes wifmannes gemanan ]>urh hamedfrncg eer eahta niht beori geeastrod, MS. Tiberius, ("'. 1, f. 201 20 . The first passage occurs again, Wst. 118 1 , but here only one MS. reads beon geeastrode ; MSS. B., C. have ofer Eaxlron ; MS. K. has onufan E. 1 For the gedwasmen of MS. Julius E. 7 MS. D. reads sotmen. 344 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY, II A. S. NAPIER. 81 *gefealice, happily, joyously. ]p(et we J>onne ealle motan .... ^y gefealicor 7 ^8e bltyelicor lifian, Wst. 284 16 . Of. also geleaflice. The dictionaries have the adj. gegenga, companion [BT.]. Fara/% ge awyrgedan on y ece fyr \e was deofle gegearwod 7 his gegengum eallum, Wst. 184 18 . gegenge, troop, gang, company [BT.]. 1 He forded }eodfeond 7 on helle grund ]>ananfor$> besenceK mid eallum \am gegenge, Wst. 86 21 . The dictionaries have the simple genge from the Chron. *fgehrede, hairy. FNG1. 21. *gehyrendlic, audiendus. JEG. 152 6 . *gehy^(e)licnes. In Ps. 9 10 opportunitas is glossed by gehy*6(e)- licnes in four of the interlinear psalters (viz. ECPs., Vitellius E. 18 r Tiberius C. 6, and Arundel 60) ; and in Ps. 9 22 it is thus glossed in Vitellius E. 18 and Arundel 60. Cf. Lindelof, Studien zu ae. Psaltergll., p. 26. *gelsecan, to emulate. Emula = gelcecea I gelcecende, PGH. 391. *geleaflice, credibly ? Us is to witonne \cette $ wees geleaflice gestihtod ]>cet loseph for to Bethlem fram Galilea, Verc., f. 27, 1. 25. Bodl. 340, f. 3 b , 1. 12, where this homily also occurs, has gefealice, but the reading of Verc. seems to make better sense. The dictionaries have the adj. *fgen6gian, to be abundant. Habundat = inoget, FNG1. 10. *geradlic, adj., wise, prudent. Wei geradlic hyt eac tyng*6 us $ we Jierto gecnytton \a epactas, ]>e wise preostas oft ynibe geradlice wurdliaft, Ang. viii, 300 44 ; Hyt ly^ geradlic we ascrutnion his fare, ibid. 305 46 . H. and S. have the adv. but not the adj. *fgerenned, coagulatus. ECPs. 67 16 . *gerimboc, calendar. Sume ure ~>eninglec onginnafc (the year) on Aduentum Domini; nis ^eah \cer for^&y 'Kas geares ord, ne eac on ~*6isum dcege nis mid nanum gesceade ; ]>eah ^e ure gerimbec on Ipissere stowe geedlcecon, JEH. i, 98 28 . geso)>? a parasite. In BT. and H. from WW. 466 ", Parasitis = geneatum, gescfyum. I question the existence of this word, and regard it as mis written for gestyum and as synonymous with geneatum. *fgeswillan, to wash away. On \an fifterfee dceige cum> Jlod 1 geswyle^ ]>a cesscen, Ang. xi, 371 54 (from Vesp.). *geswincnes? hardship. Ghithl. Goodwin, 12 6 . For geswinc- fulnes ? 1 H. gives it as gegeny, and with the wrong ref., Wst. 184 18 , where gegengum means ' companions ' and is from gegenga. 345 6 82 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY, II A. 8. NAPIER. *glterung, a shining. Boeder, 48 18 . glider, glidder, slippery. It is in the dictionaries without ref. Lubricam=glidder, Vesp. Hy. 11 (GET. 417'); Lubrico = glidderre, Vesp. Hy. 12 (GET. 418 12 ) ; Eac be^earf seo sawel on domes dag .... staftolfastre brycge ofer \one glideran iveg hellewites brogan, "Wat. 239 u . Cf. also Vesp. Ps. 34 6 . *gllggamen, merriment. Hearpe 7 pipe 7 mistlic gliggamen drema% eow on beorsele, Wst. 46 w . *goian, to lament. Ac he swi*6e go(rf> 7 geomrofo hine swa gebun- denne beon (= sed ligatum se vehementer ingemiscat}, Beda, ed. Miller, 88 l5 ; Scs Paulus se apostol goiende 7 geomriende cwcfe, ibid. 88 ". Sievers, Ags. Gr., 414, Anm. 5, mentions these two forms as occurring in Beda. *healswserc, pain in the neck. Wfy healxwcerce, Lcdm. ii, 312*. hellcund, adj., of hell [BT., H.]. \lridde is J heleunde wered, Wst. 254 1S . *heofonbiggende, caelehs [O.N. byggja}. Celibes Jieofan- biggende, SHy. 5 ; = heofonligende, ibid. 36. *heofoncenned, heaven-born. Celigenas = henfancennede, SHy. 1 08. *heorotsmeoru, hart's grease. Lcdm. ii, 118 13 . Cf. Jordan, p. 184. *fherebeorg, -byrg, lodgings, quarters. pa genam he \cer hereleorge, S. 17, p. 130, 1. 25; Herebyrge (dat. sg.), KL. 100 OT . *hertoeacan, in addition, besides. D %ing .... 7 fela hertoeacan, Wst. 48 u ; pas beboda j fela hertoeacan, ibid. 67 4 . hladung, haustus [H., S.]. In BT. on authority of Som. SHy. 58. hlafording, lord, master [BT., H.]. Nis na ma hJafordinga on worulde ]>onne twegen, God telmihtig 7 deofol, Wst. 298 7 . hohmocl, sad, sorrowful [H., S.]. Se *6e ware hohmod, weor&e se ffleedmod, Wst. 72 8 . It is in BT. with a reference to Lye. Lye (as also Bosworth and Ettmiiller) gives it with the ref. " Off. reg. 15." In his list of authorities in the introduction Lye does not mention "Off. reg." at all, but there is no doubt that " Off. reg. 15 " means the copy in MS. Nero A. 1 of the homily printed in Wst., pp. 65-76, 1 so that Wst. 72 8 and Lye's ref. are the same. 1 Lye's "Off. reg." refers to fols. 71-84 (= Wanley's Nos. x and xi) of MS. Nero A. 1. Wanley's No. xi is the homily printed in Wst., pp. Go iq. f whilst his No. x consists of a series of fourteen rules corresponding to some of those printed from MS. Junius 121, in AL. ii, 304, under the title of Institutes of Polity. Thus ritmheortnes is given in Lye with the ref. " Off. reg. 2," and it occurs in the second rule in Nero A. 1 (Be cynedome) this is the third rule in 346 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY, II - A. S. NAPIER. 83 , corona. Boeder, 20 4 . *huncettan, to limp, halt. Claudicauerunt = hy healtodon I huncetton, Roeder, 17 46 . It is no doubt, as R. suggests, connected with N.H.G. hinken. *hundteontigfealdllce, adv., a hundred times. Him andswaredon ]?a englas j scedon $ him locere hundteontigfealdlice mare myrhft 7 bits toiveard, Wst. 237 9 . The dictionaries have the adjective. *hweollast, orbit. Anni orbita = geares hweollast, SHy. 93. *fhylu, a hollow. In his CD. iii, p. xxxii, Kemble gives " hyle f. probably a hollow," with a reference to a charter printed on p. 406 of the same volume. The passage (CD. iii, 407 12 ) runs : Of^xere wylle on ^a hyle, >onne be 'Kare hyle upp andlang slides to hafocwylle, and it was quoted, without reference, by Sievers, PBB. ix, 243. The MS. (MS. C.C.C. 91) is twelfth century; cf. EEC., p. 369. hyrwnes [BT., H.]. (i) Contempt. \Contemptum = hyrwnesse I hogunge, ECPs. 43 u . (ii) Blasphemy. Ne cenig man ne gewunie y he %urh hyrwnesse God ne gegremie, Wst. 70 1Z . S. only gives the first meaning. *Lsedenlar, Latin. Se \e )purh Lcedenlare rihtne geleafan under- standan ne cunne, Wst. 124 12 (MSS. C., E.). *tlangmddig, longsuffering. Longanimis = langmodi, ECPs. 7 12 . *langwyrpe boo. See above, p. 41. Dr. Bradley has since called my attention to the M.E. long-warped, oblong (NED. vi, 413). lanu. Cf. strsetlanu. limgesih/S, body ? [BT., S.]. Cum corporibus = mid limgesih^um, Roeder, Hy. 1 1 40 . This passage was printed by Wvilker, Ang. ii, 364, whence H. has the word. lead, a cauldron [BT., H.J. Hwer, lead, cytel, Gerefa (Ang. ix, 264, and GesAgs. i, 455). Cf. also quot. under bydenfaet. listwrenc, artifice, fraud, deception [H., S.]. Mid lyttan listtcrence hiwian, Wst. 128 9 (MS. K). It is in BT. on the authority of Lye, and Lye gives the reference " Wulfst. Par. 8." This refers to MS. Jun. 38, Junius's transcript of Wulfstan's Parasnesis, copied from MS. S. 18 (= Wauley's Nos. v-xiv ; AL. We find also in Lye retan, efenwel, Cristes scirgerefa, with the references " Off. reg." 4, 10, and 13 respectively, and they are to be found in rules 4, 10, and 13 of Nero A. 1. Lye took "VVanley's No. ii ( = "W T st. 65 sq.) to be a fifteenth rule, hence the number 15, and thus we find in Lye, bacslitol, glemm, hlagol, idelgeorn, mymerian, myrlen, etc., all of which occur in Wst. 65-76, in each case with the ref. "Off. reg. 15." The title "Off. reg[um] " is derived from the first of the rules in Nero A. 1, Se cynge. 347 84 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY, II A. S. NAPIER. cf. "Wanley, pp. 137-8), with the variants from Tiberius A. 3 (= MS. K. in my Wst.) ; the eighth section of this corresponds to the homily in Wst. beginning on p. 128, so that Lye's reference is to this very passage. *H : &wyrde, kindly spoken, gentle of speech. He wees liKwyrde on 'fyare tide, ]>e he wolde }>eet ic ncefre in ecnesse nare mid wordmn getyrged, Verc., f. 20, 1. 12. S. 2, p. 269, in which this homily also occurs, reads Iffic. *majltld, meal-time. He sceal hyne gebiddan on asettum tidum 7 (cr maltidum metes ne abttan, O.E. Hom. Morris, 303 ' (printed from MS. S. 6). MS. Jun. 23, f. 119 b , 1. 22, which contains the same homily, reads meeltvnan. *m8ltima, meal-time. Cf. note to maeltid. *m8essesteall. See above, p. 43. The meaning I have given was suggested by M. Forster. Cf. Du Cange's definition of stallum: " sumitur apud scriptores pro sede uniuscujusque monachi aut canonici in choro ecclesiae." F. writes, " Ich mochte annehmen, dass jenes ae. -steall eine Anglisierung von ' stallum' ist." *magian, to prevail. Preualui = ic magude, Boeder, 12 8 . ECPs. has ic magude I swityge. fmer^ern, adj., made of martens' skins [BT.]. On merSerne pyleceon, Chron. A.D. 1075 (MS. D.). On date of MS. cf. Plummer, ii, xxxiv. *tmuntclyse, mountain prison. Gog 7 Magog, J beo^ ]>a mancyn ]>e Alexander beclysde binnan muntclysan, Wst. 84 l2 (MS. H.). notgeorn, industrious [BT., H.]. Se ^e ware idelgeorn, weor&e te notgeorn, "Wst. 72 9 . *nytenlice, adv., like an animal. }) man mote after Ittste nytenlice libban, Wst. 55 ie . The dictionaries have the adj. *oferlifa, excess. Se oferlyfa on ate 7 on wate deQ ]>one man unhalne, O.E. Hom. ed. Morris, i, 296 5 (from S. 6, p. 73). The same homily occurs in Jun. 24, p. 329 10 (first half of twelfth century), and in MS. Lambeth 487 (late twelfth century). In Jun. 24 the scribe first wrote oferlifer, and then altered it to oferlifa by erasing the r and writing a over the second e. The well-known late twelfth century Worcester glossator 1 has added over it the Latin gl. superfluitas. MS. Lambeth 487 has oferlifa : cf . Morris, O.E. Hom. i, 101. Cf. bl-leofa, 'food, sustenance.' The word is in Somner, Benson, Lye, and Bosworth without ref. and with the 1 Cf. W. Keller, Die litterarischen Bestrebungen von Worcester in ags. Zeit., p. 20. 348 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY, II A. S. NAPIER. 85 meaning ' remainder, residue.' -Ettmiiller and Leo assign to it the meaning 'superstes' and 'der ubriggebliebene.' This, if it actually occurs, would correspond to O.H.G. nbarlibo, ' superstes ' (cf. Steinmeyer, Ahd. Glossen, i, 291 n , superstitem = ubarlibun, Cf. further ibid, i, 319 a , superstitem = ouarleuon, and ibid, iv, 209 23 , superstes = ouarliuo). *foferpryda, excessive pride. 7 beo> ]>urh oferpruda alles to ranee, Wst. 81 15 (MS. H. = Bodl. 343). This is a twelfth century S.W. spelling for eleventh century oferprydan. ofertruwian, to place too much trust in [BT., H.]. Both BT. and H. have the ptc. ofertruwod as adj. = 'over-confident,' from CP. 208 13 . Wa ]>am \e ofertruwa> mcegne, Wst. 48 7 . *fofsetnian, to besiege. Obsedit = ofsetnode, EC Ps. 2 1 ". Cf . forsetnian. *onasetednys, a laying on. Da >a forylda*6 7 forg ymeleasiaft y hig nella^ heora beam to ]>am fulwihte 7 to \cere onasettednysse ]>ees bisceopes bletmnga bringan, Lambeth, f. 49 b , 1. 3. The dictionaries have onset(e^)nes. foncnsewe, known. 1 Cognitum = oncncewe, ECPs. 31 5 . [oj?nihst, ultimus.] This is given by H., by Kluge (KL., p. 196), and by Pogatscher (AfdA. xxv, 14), from WW. 342 u , ad ultimiim = >a cfenihstan. We must, no doubt, read . o> nihstan ; 0^6 is a preposition rendering ad, and >a is the adv. ' then.' *fpin, pain, torture. Cf. Furnivall Volume, p. 92 54 , where Max Forster gives an instance from Yesp. To this he adds on p. 99, note, a second : D daiges \e we Hcelend for ure alesednysse ge^6olode pine on }>a mare, Vesp., f. 161 b , 1. 16; 7 for \&re scrude fcegernysse heo by> bewafde mid tale i mid scande, 7 for ^an orfe 7 for }>an gebytlen heo habbe*6 weoremes 7 helle pinen. Ac \a gode mann \e habbe*6 pine on fyyssen middenearde, etc., ibid., f. 163 b . The NED. cites an instance from the somewhat later Hatton MS. 2 of the Gospels (Matt, xxv, 46), where pine replaces the susle of the earlier MSS. *fplnecwalu, torture. Mid ]>am grimmestan suselcwale (the twelfth century MS. H. has pinecwale], Wst. 241 ". pytan (ut), to put out (of the eyes). Ceohvulf ... let him pytan ut his eagan 7 ceorfan of his handa, Chron. A.D. 796 (MS. F.). BT. and S. give pican (from pic, a point, pike) based 1 BT. has the wrong ref . to Ps. 33 5 . Written in the second half of the twelfth century. 349 86 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY, II A. S. NAPIER. on this passage, whilst H. has pytan with a query. The reason for this difference is that whilst Thorpe and Plummer printed pytan, Earle read it as pycan, and even Plummer described the reading as doubtful. I have carefully examined the MS. (Domitian A. 8, fol. 49), and have found that it clearly has pytan ; there is absolutely no doubt about the reading. Cf. also apytan. froccian, to rock [BT., S.]. See quot. under nnfernes. [sacian, to blame.] Cf. yfelsacian. *ssedsworn ? semen. Roeder, Hy. 9 ". *fseocian wk. vb., or seocan st. vb. ? to be ill (M.E. seken). Languet = seocet, FNG1. 34. *solmerca, a sundial. This word occurs in an inscription over the south door of the church at Kirkdale, Yorkshire, and although this has been printed a number of times l the word has escaped the notice of the lexicographers. The main inscription on two side panels records how Orm bought and restored the church, and between the two panels is a sundial, above and below which is carved, \is is dages solmerca at ilcum tide. *sotmann, a foolish man. See footnote to gedwaesmann. *s6^spr8ce, adj., telling the truth, veracious. Se >e ware twispace, tveor^Se se scfespace, "Wst. 72 18 (MS. E.). *str8tlanu. See above, p. 59, and add that we have here an actual instance of the st. nora. lanu, conjectured by Sievers, PBB. ix, 247. [stuc, a heap.] Cf. constuc. *swaerbyrd, difficult birth ? ]pis me to bote \are swaran swart- lyrde (read swarb-?), Lcdm. iii, 66 n (- Grein-Wulker, i, 327"). *swearcung, darkness. Tenebras = %ystro I twarcunga, Roeder, 17 29 ; Tenebras = swartunge, ECPs. 17 29 (read stvarc-}. swinhyrde, swineherd [BT., H.J. Subulcus = swynhyrde, ZfdA. xxxiii, 239. It is in Somner, Benson, Lye, Bosworth, and S., without reference. ^ten^a, tenth. On \an teri*6en daige, Ang. xi, 370 37 (from Vesp.). *ftobrengnes, oblatio. ECPs. 39 7 . *tocw8escednes, quassatio. Roeder, 105 s0 (cf. note and also p. 304). [tocwaestedness, destruction, shaking, in BT., H.] Cf. Roeder, p. 304. 1 Archaeologia, v. (1779), p. 188; Hxibner, Inscript. Brit. Christ., p. 65, etc. Recently by G. Baldwin Brown, The Arts in Early England, 1903, i, 357, and by Mai Forster in ES. vol. ixxvi, 446. Pogatecher called attention to the word in AfdA. xxv, p. 14. 350 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY, II A. S. NAPIER. 87 *ftdscyllan, (i) trans., to separate. He .... wees toscyled fram ]xere apostlene geferrcedene, Furnivall Celebration Volume, p. 9 1 26 (cf. 31. Forster's note, p. 100, where he gives a further instance from Ang. xi, 370) ; (ii) intrans., Hi swa toscyledon (they parted from each other), S. 17, p. 131, 1. 18. Cf. also ascyllan, 2s T Gl. i, 1367. *tracter, a funnel. Infundibulum = trader, Erfurt Gl. (printed KL., p. 9 ; G. Loewe, Glossae nominum, p. 53 ; Gallee, 0. Sax. texts, p. 360. It is not in GET.). Like the O.H.G. trahtari, 2f. H.G. Trichter, it is a loan-word from Lat. trajectorium, cf. Kluge, Etym. Wb. *ftrefet, a trivet. Cf. quot. under bydenfaet. Skeat mentions it in his Concise Etym. Diet. s.v. trivet. It appears to be a Romance form of the Latin tripedem. *trundulnis, circuitus. Roeder, 1 1 9 . *J7racian, to fear. Roeder, Hy. 9 50 . The dictionaries have the compounds, a]>r-, on]>r, etc. *fjrefe, a measure of. corn. Eahte \reues comes, CS. iii, 367 24 . It is from O.N. freji, a number of sheaves, and = M.E. tyreve, ^rave, and N.E. (dial.) threave, thrave. ^fJjreotten/Se, thirteenth. On ]>an ^reotten^e dceige, Ang. xi, 371 49 . funfernes, helplessness, infirmity [BT.]. On his cildlicen un- fernesse heo hine baftede .... 7 sivaftede 7 roccode, KL. 101 108 (from Vesp.). Cf. my note in HLN. iv (1889), 279. *unforwyrded, undecayed, unwithered. ]ponne magon we Drihtne bringan unforwyrdne w&st^m^ godra weorca, MS. Faustina A. 9, f. 117, 1. 12. This passage also occurs in B1H., p. 73 25 , but the reading there is unforwealwodne wcestm. *ungeteoriendlic, adj., unexhaustible, unfailing. We magon ]>tirh $ us gegaderian \cene ungeteorigendlican goldhord, S. 8, f. 144, 1. 17. The dictionaries have the adv. *fungripendlic, irreprehensible. Inreprehensibilis = ungripendlic, EC Ps. 18*. *unscyldgung, innocence. Innocentiatn = unscyldgunga, Roeder, 17 25 ; f/. = unscyldgunge, ECPs. 17 25 . werewulf, a wer-wolf. On the form see my note in PBB. xxiii, 571. wintersteall, one year old stallion. It is in the dictionaries from AL. i, 356" (= GesAgs. i, 378). Cf. further the quot. under bydenfaet. For meaning see Jordan, 125, and GesAgs. ii, 245. 351 88 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY, II A. S. XAPIKK. *wr6erwengel, adversary. Boeder, 73 lo ; Hy. 4 7 ; Hy. 6" (cf. note on p. 280). wlispian, to lisp [BT.]. Cf. a wlispian. *yfelcwedolian, to speak evil. Ufaledicentes Roeder, 36 ; fjf. = yfelcwetylgindf, ECPs. 36 22 . Cf. cwedolian in BT. yfelsacian, to blaspheme. Swaen in ES. xxvi, 131 gives a verb tacian 'to blame,' with the ref. to B1H. 189 21 , pe las he me yfel sacode wffi God. But it is obvious that we must read yfelsacode, and the word will be found duly registered in BT. under yfelsacian with the reference to B1H. But the meaning assigned to it in BT., viz. ' to calumniate,' is wrong ; it means ' to blaspheme,' as is rightly given in H. and S. The mistake has arisen, no doubt, owing to the me (calumniated me to God), but as M. Forster pointed out in Archiv, ci, p. 190, the passage is corrupt, and the me, as the Latin shows, certainly wrong. As BT. has only this one instance, I may add some further examples, from which the meaning of the vb. is evident. fa sona se ealdorman slat his hrcegl 7 ]>us cwafe, ' He yfelsacode ( blasphemavit, Matth. 26 65 ) ; hwtet le^Surfon ive nu ofer }is leasra cy*&era ? Nu we gehyrdon hi* yfehacunya? Bodl. 340, f. 125, 1. 26 (also in S. 8, f. 162 b , 1. 23) ; 7 }a for^bigferendan hi yfehacedon on hine ( = Uasphemalant eum, Matth. 27 39 ), ibid. f. 127, 1. 12 (also in S. 8, f. 165, 1. 13); Hiccet ge nu gehyra^S hu he Gode yfehaca*, ibid., f. 139^, 1. 7 (also in S. 8, f. 181, 1. 5); He yfelsacode \ces JElmihtigan Godes magri^rym in wyrginge, GrD. 289 8 . Cf. also GrD. 289 27 ; 290 ' ; and geyfehacode, ibid. 289 ". *ymbclyccan, to inclose. Concluserunt = Hy belucon I ymbclicton, Roeder, 16 10 . Cf. clyccan, p. 76, and forclyccan, p. 79. *ymbswlfan, to revolve round, peak ^e ice fyonne gyt \a sunnan gylfe geseon ne magon, for*6an seo sunne hafa*> ]>onne Mid f// hrofonc \as eorSan utan ymlswifen 7 ymbcerred, Bodl. 340, f. 146, 1. 12 (also in S. 8, f. 189, 1. 9). 352 APPENDIX. WHEX most of the above was already set up in type, Dr. Furnivall suggested that I should add, as an appendix, a list of the words which are treated or for which quotations are given in the scattered articles mentioned on p. 1 : Zupitza's Glossen zu Abbo, Logeman's De Cons. Mon., as well as the articles in JSS., AfdA., etc. 1 As it seemed that such an appendix might perhaps be useful, I have carried out Dr. Furnivall's suggestion. The following list, however, makes no claim to completeness, as I have intentionally excluded a considerable number of words, many of them because they are to be found in BT. or H. with a reference, 2 or in my O.E. Gil. Instances of special constructions, too, and idioms, I have ignored. 3 "Wulfstan words have already been given in the Addenda from my own slips. In conclusion, I must express my regret that, owing to the way in which the work has gradually grown, it is in three parts instead of one. LIST OF ARTICLES REFERRED TO (see also pp. 4 and 72). Holt. = Holthausen, Ltbl. xxii (1901), 205. Kluge = Kluge, Ltbl. iii (1882), 388. Pg. = Pogatscher, AfdA. xxv, 1. St. = W. H. Stevenson, Trans, of the Philol. Soc., 1895-8, p. 528. Swn. = Swaen, ES. xxvi, 125. Zup. = Zupitza, ZfdA. xxxi, 1 (Abbo Glosses). *abraedan, to bake. Lcdm. ii, 114 28 . Cf. Kluge. *tacholt, oak wood, CD. vi, 243. Cf. Kluge. sebrucol, sacrilegious [BT.]. Sacrilegis = cebrncolon, PGH. 402. Cf. Kluge. *a-efesian (of), to cut off. JEG. 157 16 . Cf. Pg. 4. aefhynde, absens [BT.]. Ang. xiii, 387 316 . agscyll, egg-shell [BT.]. Lcdm. i, 376 8 ; iii, 6 29 . Cf . Kluge. 1 In this list I have not included words from the alphabetical glossaries to editions like A2S., Assm., LSc., NGL, etc., nor have I admitted the words in the Gerefa, as these latter can now be found in GesAgs. ii. * Thus in ES. xxxiii, 178, we find wrltlren with a reference, but BT. already has it from the same source. 3 E.g. behatan with gen. (ES. xxvi, 126), on borg gan (ibid., p. 126), etc. 353 90 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY : APPENDIX A. S. NAPIER. 'selfeodiglic. foreign. On atyeodiglicntn gegyrlan, MH. 112*. Cf. Holt. The dictionaries have the adverb, aeppelfaet, apple - vessel [BT., H.]. Cf. Zup., p. 19. sethealdan, reservare, LSc. 109 '. Cf. Pg. 5. [eewerd, perverse.] Cf. M. Forster, Archiv, ex, 355. ansyn, see above, p. 6. Cf. further, Pg. 6, "ansyn ist auch neutr. ; vgl. Grein, Cook und Lindelof ; ferner Beda 486 ." apullian. to pull. Smyrest . . . "Sa stowe )> )>a hcer beoft of apullud, Lcdm. i, 362 10 . Cf. Kluge. arasod, trained, skilled [BT., H.]. Swa J>as ]>inff \>inc(tS )>* arascdum clericum unweortSlice, Ang. viii, 312 * 3 . Cf. ES. xxxv, 331. atillan, adtingere [S.]. LSc. 100 11S . Cf. Pg. 6. See also BT., s.v. tillan. *atweonian, impers., to doubt. Gif hwam atweoniffe, Ang. viii, 333 '. Cf . ES. xxxv, 333. *awr8nan, to make wanton. Lcdm. ii, 144 23 . Cf. Kluge. bearhtmian, stridere [BT. , H.]. Eearht- miendum = strut ente, ZfdA. ix, 405 (Hpt.gl.). Cf. Kluge. The dictionaries record a brehtniende glossing stridtnde from WW. 486 n . Both these are gll. to the same Latin passage, viz., Aldhelm, ed. Giles, 2 25 . *becldan, to complain, fa sunder- halgan 7 tSa boceras, ]>e beciddon )> Crist mid \am synfulhtm mannum hine gereordode, JEH. ii, 470 8 . Cf . Kluge. 'bellman, conglutinare, LSc. S6 19 . Cf. Pg. 6. *belltld, hour at which the bell for prayer is rung. Cf. St., p. 529. *beordrsesta, dregs of beer. Lcdm. ii, 98 27 . Cf. Kluge. *tberegnian, to ornament. Mid sylure berenod, CS. iii, 366. Cf. Pg. 7. *beswtan, to sweat. LSc. 111 1 *. Cf. Pg. 7. beswiceneB, deditio [BT., S.]. ZfdA. xx, 40. Cf. Heyne, ES. vii, 132, and Pg.7. bisene, blind. To the examples given above on p. 10 add GrD. 275 s , where the nom. sing, occurs (bytne, MS.C.; bysene, MS. 0.) ; cf. Jordan, Eigentiimlichkeiten des anglischen Wortechatzes, 1906, p. 22. This shows the nominative to be bisene, not btsen. bredweall, wall of boards. Chron. A.D. 189. Cf. Pogatscher, EE. xx, 148. *bre'5el, name of an unfruitful plant or shrub ? Pg. 7 quotes it from Grein- Wiilker, i, 325 19 (= Lcdm. i, 384 l ), Swa br&el ]>eo, awa ]>ystel (may he flourish like a ' bre^el ' or like a thistle). Is it not simply an error for bremel ? *brimsa, a gadfly ? Pg. 7 calls attention to the Leiden gl, (GET. 116 23 and Hessels ,The Leiden Latin- Anglo- Saxon Glossary, Cambridge, 1906, p. 49 2 ) tabanus = briusn, where another hand has written mi over the line and under- dotted the M, 1 thus altering to brimisa. But P. Glogger, Das Leidener Glossar, Augsburg, 1901-3, ii, p. 85, suggests that the alteration was by an O.H.G. scribe, and this seems probable. The sixteenth century English briiuse (cf. N.E.D.) is, no doubt, a later loan- word. *bune, the hollow stem of a plant. Canna = harundo, calamus % bunt, WW. 198 12 . Cf. Pg. 7 and bun, boon in NED., and bun in Wright's Dial. Diet. *byrdestre, an embroideress. GET. 109 1143 (= KL. 8", etc.). Cf. Pg. 7 and Ang. xix, 115. byrnsweord, flaming sword [BT., S.]. fonne he his byrnsweord getyh^f, B1H. 109". Cf. Pg. 8. byrSenmiete, burdensome [BT., S.]. Honerosa = byrftenmete, ZfdA. xxi, 41 ion ( = WW. 83 ") . Cf . Zupitza's note and Pg. 8. bytming, bottom part (of the ark) [BT.]. .EH. i, 536 10 , *. Cf. Kluge. 1 Cf. Glogger, i, 91, and Heesek, p. 49, note. 354- OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY : APPENDIX A. S. NAPIER. 91 *tcaestemi8C, civic .(Thorpe), stadtisch, biirgerlich (Pg.) ? Pg. 8 gives it with a ref. to Thorpe's Dipl. Angl. 244 li ( = CS. iii, 366), . blace rcegl cGsternisce. *casse(-a?), a net (Lat. cassis). Casses = retia I cassan, WW. 200 36 . Cf. Pg.8. *ceacadl, disease of the cheek. Wffi ceocadle, Lcdm. ii, 310 '=. Cf. Pg. 8. *cersihte, overgrown with cress. Cf. St. 530. cildyld, childhood [BT., H.]. Cildyld by$ w&t 7 wearm 7 hyra blod byft wcet 7 u-earm, Ang. viii, 299 '- 8 . Cf. ES. xxxv, 330. cimbstan, the basis of a pillar [H., S.]. Bases = cimstanas, LSc. 226 z . It is iii BT. on the authority of Som., Ben., Lye. Cf. Pg. 8 and XED. s.v. chime and chimb. *clsesmingdrenc (= clsens-), purging drink, purgative. Ne bf& alefed on }pissitm dagnm \wyrt (in Addenda, p. 76). *cloccettan, to palpitate. Seo u-amb cloccet, swa swa hit . slecgete, Lcdm. ii, 220=. Cf. Pg. 8. cnitian, to dispute [BT., S.]. Dispntat = cnitaft, LSc. 51 '-. The inf. is cnitian. not cnitan, as given by Pg. 8. *crinc, ' cothurnus, geflochtener Bast- sehuh.' Cntttrno = crince, ZfdA. xxv, 250. Cf. Kluge, ES. xx, 333, and Pg. 8. cwen(e)fugol, hen-bird [H., S.]. It is in BT. on the authority of Som., Ben., Lye. ES. viii, 479 9l (MS. S. 8); t476 78 (MS. Vesp.). Cf. Swn. 127. cwidol, eloquent (besides cwedol). Grein-Wiilker, i, 315 63 . Cf. Pg. 8. cylle, masc. [from Lat. culleus], cylle, wk. fern., cyll, str. fern. [= X.H.G. KelU], a leather bottle, a vessel. Cf. Zupitza, AfdA. xi, 127, and Pg. 8. *daedlset, slow to act, sluggish. GET. 152. Cf. Pg. 9. *daegcu'5, clear as the day. Ne )># owiht inne ne belife . j> hit ne sy dagcitS, Grein-Wiilker, ii, 252 *. Cf. Pg. 9. del, also neuter. Cf. Pg. 9. datarum, date [BT., H.]. On ]>am datarum ]>e we rcedaft vi k%. aprl, Ang. Tiii, 310 33 . Cf . ES. xxxv, 331. domne, also used of women, nun, abbess. Domne Hue, Liebermann, Die Heiligen Englands, 3 *, 10 , 21 . Cf. Pg. 9. *dracu, miserj', persecution ? Swaen, ES. xxvi, 127, cites this form from my Wst. 91 7 (MS. E.). The passage occurs in three MSS., and runs: u-racu 7 yedrecednes, MS. A. ; sacu 7 gedr., MS. C. ; dracti 7 yedr., MS. E. Although draeu is quite a possible form, I am inclined, in the absence of any other evidence of its existence, to believe that it is a misspelling for icracii, caused by the dr of the following word catching the scribe's eye. eahwund, wound in the eye [BT., II.]. Cf. Zup.,p. 20. *ealdgefa, old enemy, fa mette hiene his ealdgefana sum 7 hiene ofstang, Oros. 118 3 *. Cf. Pg. 9 and ES. xxx, 340. earfoScierre, difficult of conversion [BT., H.]. He wcet longe cer swifte carfifScierre to Godes gekafan, MH., 112 20 . Cf. ES. xxxiii, 177. *Eastrosymbel, Feast of the Passover [O.Xorth.]. Cf. Cook and Pg. 9. efnes, truly, indeed. Efnes hit bi~S gelic rena scuritm, Wst. 149 4 . Swn. p. 127 renders it 'just as,' and suggests that it is from efne swa. But it means not ' just as,' but ' truly, indeed,' and the * is simply the common genit. adverbial ending, as Sohrauer, p. 34, recognized. This same passage occurs again, Wst. 264 ', where the MSS. read efne. *fegj>wirf, part of the tackle of a harrow, or a beast (tceorf) allotted for harrowing. Cf. St., p. 630. 355 OLD KMil.ISH LKXlrofJK \!'HY : Al'l'KNDIX A. S. NA1M1U. *endetima, cud of life, pat he its gefyhte .... v; m MNMH endftilliail xini ll-ll<-i//f'/l/ir' hi'lill mi godmn -sm. 145 . Cf. ES. xxxii, 153. Instances of this use of the cardinal numerals in M.E. were given by Zupitza in Arcliiv, Ixxxiv, 329 (ten so bright, ' ten times as bright,' etc.). *fiftenewintre, fifteen years old. D he was fiftentwintre, B1H. 213 1 . Cf. Pg. 10. *flocgian, emicare. Emices = Jlocgest, PGH. 399. Cf. Kluge, PBB. ix, 161. fniran, to snort [BT., S.]. Ofer ]>e fearras fnterdon, Grein-Wulker, i, 321. Cf. Pg. 10. fnserettan, to snort, fume [BT., S.]. Frendens = fncerettende, WW. 242 29 (so MS., not fnasettende, as in WW. Cf. Kluge, ES. xi, 511, and Ltbl. 1898, 14).' [fnsesettan.] Cf. last word. *forbed, lied for a journey. Cf. Zup., p. 21. *forefaeger, very fair. ES. viii, 479 s9 . Cf. Swn. 127. *for(e)yr$, headland of a ploughed field. Cf. St., p. 530. forflygan, to put to flight [BT., H.]. Cf. Zup., p. 21. *f orgy ten, forgetful. Crist sylfa cwce]> p he nelle gthyran \tes gitneleaxan 7 \inax yeltedreedene, B1H. 57*; Oblimscvtur = By} for- gyten, LSc. 187. Cf. Pg. 10 and Swn. 128. In the second instance it seems to me more likely that the glossator has mistaken oblitiiscitur for a passive meaning, ' is forgotten,' otherwise he 1 I have since examined the MS. and find that it clearly reads fnaret inn. naturally have rendered it by *forlaeting, iutermissio. Aug. xiii, i:;: JI ". til 1121 . *forligerwif, a harlot. Seo Affru wees ce.fst forl, ; i<.,->rij'. Mil. 140 l9 ; fu eart meretrix, fycet is f<>i-l/<>rn-it, iliid. 140 23 . Cf. Holt, and KS. x\\iii. 17>. forslsewan, to make slow, put off, be irksome [BT., S.]. Donne wile he gereccean bat he noht unryhtlice hit ne forslcewde, CP. 284 3 ; .Vow te piyent uisitare i>ifirmum = No, \e forslcewe geneosian untrxunii , LSc. 202 . Cf. Pg. 10 and ES. xxx, 340. Cf. further the gl.Obtitndo = Aslcewe, ES. xi, 66 (=XG1. 18 b , 65), where I gave the ref. to CP. forf eahting, exhortation [S.]. Exorta- tionis = forfyahtincge, Aug. xiii, 447 l187 . BT. has the incorrect form for \-atincy. *framung, profectus. Ang. xiii, 398 190 . furlang. Cf. St., p. 531. fylleSfl5d, high tide [BT.]. In GET. and W\V. (from Corp. \\.) fylMflod = malina. It also occurs in Mil. 40 ai , Se fyll&flod *fS nemned on Leden malina. Cf. ES. xxxiii, 177. gear, also masculine. Cf. Ltbl. 1882, 388 ; ES. ix, 38 (note) ; Sohrauer, p. 49 ; At'dA. xxv, 10. *gebaswian, to stain crimson, pa stnnas wtne we her habb(C& gebreued, Ang. viii, 308". Cf. ES. xxxv, 331. II. gives " gehri'ic/'ii r explained," with this ref. *gebyrgen, an infant's swaddling clothes ( = N.E. dial, barrie, barrow] . Geniine heo *)///' lnjr>' ayenes tildes yi'/ii/iyt'itiu' dtel, Lcdm. iii, 68 5 ( = Grein-Wiilker, i, 327 18 ). Cf. Pg. 10. *geedstalian, restaurare. Aug. xiii, 366 15 . Ct'. Pg. 10. Cf. < in Wst. 267 20 . *gelaeca, emulous. Emnla = gelcecea I gelacende, PGH. 391. Cf. Pg. 10. 356 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY : APPENDIX A. S. NAPIER. 93 gemyndlyst, madness [BT., H.]. Cf. Zup., p. 22 (cf. note, p. 7). *geneman, to take away. He het \-riddan d&l agifan ] blod tosamne gercec (= cotigelatterat) , B1H. 183 25 ; cf. Max Forster, Archiv, xci, 189. Further, Congelauerat = tosomne geratt ' (read gercec) , "W"W. 208 3 - ; cf. Pg. 10. If the gl. inge&sertmt = in rcecan, "VVW. 420 18 , quoted in S. s.v. recan, contains this verb, it must also have been used transitively in the sense of ' to bring, convey ' ; it is a gl. to Aldhelm, 45 w , ubi cloacanim cttniciili ptttores ster- cortt/n ingesserunt. geteorodnes, exhaustion [BT.]. Cf. Zupitza, ZfdA., xx, 45, and Heyne, ES. vii, 132. *geweorpan, to catch by throwing. CP. 309 ;s ; PsTh. 10 7 . Cf. ES. xxvi, 133 and 452. gewif, fate, destiny. Cf. Sievers, ZfdPh. xxi, 358, and Pg. 11. Sievers pointed out that this must be separated from gewef ' a web.' glentrian (besides glendran), to swallow [BT., S.]. LSc. 107 s . Cf. Pg. 11. gra>ol, a gradual, antiphon [BT., S.]. Ang. xiii, 436 10J0 . *haebbednys , continence ? Syn we clane beforan ]xes sElmihtigan ansyne Ipttrh lichaman ures h&bbednysse, Ang. viii, 320 3 . Cf. ES. xxxv, 332. thaerfest, August. Xot in the dictionaries with this special meaning. Ang. x, 185 (MS. Vesp.). Cf. Pg. 11. *hanasang, cock-crow. Mfl. 4 16 . Cf. Holt, and MLX. xvii, 123. hasswege, sounding hoarsely [BT., H.]. PGH. 391. Cf. Kluge. ' healfscyldig, half guilty [BT., H.]. Cf. Zup., p. 23. h(e)alstan, a kind of cake (not ' crystal,' as in H., S.) [BT.]. Cf. Dieter, 1 I have since examined the MS. ; it clearly has gercec. Ang. xviii, 291 ; Schlutter, ibid. xix, 105 ; MLN. xi (1896), 331 ; Pg. 11. hecen, a kid [BT., S.]. JEfter \am ylcan gewttnan nymaft $ hecyn, Ang. viii, 322 I0 . Cf. Eckhardt, ES. xxxii, 347, and Swaen, ES. xxxv, 332. See also Jordan, p. 140; J. cites from the charters hecenes hcmffra, CD. iv, 49 u ; this is from the late twelfth century Cod. Winton. heortan-cnys or heort-angnys ? distress of the heart [BT., H.]. Cf. Zup., p. 23 and note on p. -13. heor.Slandr Quoted by Kluge from CD. lii, 18 (Kemble has hert-, not heor^S-) ; it is no doubt for er^land = yr^land, ' arable land.' *higS, a striving. Acutis nisibus = Mid scearpum higftum, Zup., p. 14 3M . [hordraden.] Quoted by Kluge from Thorpe's Analecta, p. 123 ; it is evidently miswritten for heard-. The passage in question is from the twelfth century MS. Bodl. 343. The same homily was printed by Skeat, and MS. Julius E. vii reads hyrd-, MS. li. 1, 33 heard- (^S. ii, 324 558 ). *hregresi 1 groin. Cf. quotation under lesca, and Steinmeyer, ZfdA. xxxiii, 244. Cf. also MLN. xi, 333. hrif. Kluge quotes an instance of this as masculine from " Legg., p. 6." This means R. Schmid's Gesetze der Ags., where we read Gif hrif wuxd tceorfttft .... Gif he \>tirh]>irel weorfte'8. Kluge takes the he to refer to hrif, and hence regards it as masc., but we must evidently read hrifwund, ' wounded in the belly ' (as B T. does), and take the he to refer to the man. impian. ge- [BT.]. H. gives a ref. to the Gerefa (Ang. ix, 262 l - = GesAgs. i, 454 12 ), where it means 'to graft.' Wulfing, ES. xxvi, 454, records two instances from CP. 98 18 and 132 in the sense of ' to associate with, make conversant with.' innung, a dwelling. Not in BT., S., inthissense. LSc. 11 18 . Cf. Pg. 12. 357 94 OLD ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY : APPENDIX A. S. NAPIER. inwritere, n writer, secretory [BT., H.], Cf. Zup., p. 23. *Is-earn, kingfisher. Cf. Holthausen, Ltbl. x, 446. It occurs in GET. 39 (Corp. Gl. 115), alcion (for alcyoti) = item. Cf. N.H.G., Einogel, 'the kingfisher.' "land, ridge in a ploughed field. Cf. St., p. 532. ISf, damage? Cf. M. Forster, Archiv, ex, 350. lesca, groin [BT., S.]. Ingtten - lesea, hrcgresi, GET. 110 (Erf. gl.) and KL. 8 (Erf. and Miinster gll.). Cf. Steinmeyer, ZfdA. xxxiii, 244 ; MLN. xi (1896), 333 ; Pg. 13. lew, infirm, weakness ; a-, gelewed. Cf. Pg. 12. *merschofe, marsh hove (a plant). Lcdm. ii, 94'. Cf. Pg. 13. 'morgengebedtid. morning prayer. Das 7 tit corporate 7 tit offrincsceatns, CS. iii, 366. Cf. Pg. 13. See above, p. 50, s.v. offrungcla)i. *onfangend, acceptor. Cf. Pg. 13. *onsceotan, to cut open, to open. Cf. Pg. 13. ortgeardleah, orchard [BT., H.]. Cf. Zup., p. 25. *oxangang, an eighth of a ' ploughland.' Cf. St., 532. *tpistolcla)>, vestment worn when reading the epistle, or cloth covering the lectern at which the epistle was read, lectorinus ? See quotation under offringsceat. Cf. Pg., p. 14. scandlufiende, loving disgracefully [BT., H.]. Cf. Zup., p. 2-5. sceaddgenge ? seasonable for shad. It is in BT., H., S. from CD. vi, 147 i" ; but Schrader in the Festgabe fiir Sievers, 1896, p. 3, and Pogatscher in AfdA. xxv, 14, rightly point out that the compound is doubtful, and it seems probable that we should read \onne sceadd gtnge sy (when shad is ' genge ' or seasonable). sceald, shallow. Cf. St., p. 532. seaw. juice, niasc. as well as neuter , cf. PBB. ix, 237, and Pg. 14. fsingrene, adj., always green. All the dictionaries have it as sb. = ' house- leek '; as adj. it is wanting in BT., H. ; and S. only gives the meaning ' green, uncooked ' (vegetables). Ne fealle'8 ^xer ncefre letifof, ac heo bt/lS singrene, ES. viii, 475 15 (from Vesp.). Cf. Swn. 131. strod, marshy laud (overgrown with brushwood or trees?) [H., S.]. It is in BT. from charters, but no meaning is given. Cf. St., p. 537. *styfic, a clearing in a wood. Cf. St., p. 541. torn, anger, is neuter, not niasc., as in H. and S. Cf. Sievers, ZfdPhil., xxi, 360, and Pg. 15. *tt5snadan, to cut in pieces. Stnilce he mid seaxttm tosntedod u-tere, NKT. 28*. Cf. Pg. 15. *ftoweaxan, to grow apart. NET. 22 v, 12 - Cf. Pg. 15. trus, brushwood [H.,S.]. Cf. St., p. 542. *tunhdfe, a plant-name. Lcdm. ii, 344 '. ' Cf. Pg. 15. *)reo, three times. Cf. feower. unbleoh. On the meaning see Pg. 15 and ES. xxvi, 453. *unlyfe(n)dlic, not allowed. Inlicitis = ttnlytiendlicnm (MS. A.), unlefed- licum (MS. B.). Cf. Zup., p. 8 13 '-. un}rowendlicnes, impassibility [BT., H.]. Cf. Zup., p. 14 350 . *twennclcen, wenu-chicken, i.e. little weun. Cf. Zupitza, ZldA. xxxi, 46, and Pg. 15. *wisce, a piece of meadow. Cf. St., p. 542. *twuduhewet, felling of wood. GesAgs. i, 567. Cf. Pg. 16. *wundorhselo, a wonderful healing. Beda, ed. Miller, 446 ". Cf. Pg. 16. SEP 1 6 1986 ' of California toSiSXST' REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY ^a^MuwasS^ from which It was borrowed. IHTERUBRARY BIC28L. LO/Hl UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY A 000 652 940 8 3 197000871 2991 Unive Soi L