W<:-1
 
 Ex Libris 
 C. K. OGDEN 
 
 J 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 r"-
 
 THE 
 
 FAMILY TOPOGRAPHER 
 
 BEING 
 
 A COMPENDIOUS ACCOUNT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ANTIENT AND PRESENT STATE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 COUNTIES OF ENGLAND. 
 By SAMUEL TYMMS. 
 
 VOL. VIL MIDDLESEX, LONDON, AND 
 WESTMINSTER. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 J. B. NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT STREET; 
 
 AND SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, STATIONERS' HALL COURT. 
 
 1843.
 
 INTED BY J. B. NICUOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT STEEKT.
 
 m 
 
 V.7 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 In presenting the concluding volume of this series 
 of Compendious Local Histories, the Author feels 
 that some apol(^ is doe for the length of time which 
 the work has been passing through the press. But 
 when he states that it has been pursued, only as an 
 instructive amusement, in the intervals, few and short, 
 which could be snatched from literary labours of another 
 kind, demanding close and continued application ; and 
 when the labour of reading and carefully digesting many 
 hundred volumes is considered ; he feels confident that 
 those who kindly approved of the previous volumes, 
 will forgive any inconvenience to which they may have 
 been subject, while they rejoice with him at the 
 conclusion of the work ; which has been, to adopt 
 the words of Antony a Wood, " A painfull work, I'll 
 assure you ; wherein what toyle hath been taken, as no 
 man thinketh, so no man believeth, but he that hath 
 ojade the trial." But painful as it at times has been. 
 
 ^ r-f^-'^no-^
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 its progress has been cheered by many acts of friendship 
 and kindly assistance ; and the Author parts from it 
 with regret, as from a habit endeared by time and con- 
 stant indulgence. - To name those who have contributed 
 their aid and advice vv^ould be a pleasing duty ; but as it 
 might appear to emanate from vanity more than grati- 
 tude, the Author hopes to be excused for acknowledging, 
 in general terms, the valuable help that has been so 
 frankly given. 
 
 Should these little volumes afford amusement or con- 
 vey instruction to a few, the Author's labour has not 
 been in vain ; and he will have received his reward in 
 knowing that what has been to him a source of know- 
 ledge has also afforded some pleasure to others. He 
 now respectfully and gratefully bids his kind friends and 
 patrons adieu. 
 
 S. T. 
 
 Oct. I, 1842.
 
 A COMPENDIOUS ACCOUNT 
 
 ANTIENT AND PRESENT STATE 
 
 OF 
 
 MIDDLESEX 
 
 AND 
 
 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Br SAMUEL TYMMS. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 J. B. NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT STREET; 
 
 AND SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, STATIONERS* HALL COURT. 
 
 1843.
 
 TO 
 
 JOHN GAGE ROKEWODE, Esq. F.R.S. 
 
 DIRECTOR OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, 
 &C. &0. &C. 
 
 AN ERUDITE SCHOLAR, HISTORIAN, AND ANTIQUARY, 
 
 AND GENEROUS PATRON OP LITERATURE; 
 
 THIS VOLUME IS INSCRIBED 
 
 (with permission) 
 AS A HUMBLE AND RESPECTFUL TRIBUTE 
 
 OF ADMIRATION AND ESTEEM, 
 
 BY HIS OBLIGED SERVANT, 
 
 THE AUTHOR.
 
 MIDDLESEX. 
 
 SITUATION AND EXTENT. 
 
 Boundaries. North, Hertfordshire. East, Essex. South, 
 Surrey. West, Buckinghamshire. 
 
 Greatest length, ''13; greatest breadth, 17; circumference 
 115; square, 282 miles; statute acres, 180,480. 
 
 Province, Canterbury. Diocese, London. 
 
 ANTIENT STATE AND REMAINS. 
 
 Antediluvian Remains. Near Old Brentford, in digging 
 clay for bricks, were discovered bones of elephants, hip- 
 popotami, deer, and oxen, with shells of oysters, nautili, 
 and other marine exuviae. At Clielsea Hospital, very 
 large bones, elk horns 4 feet 6 inches long, found in 1838, 
 in digging for a sewer. Highgate, when excavating 
 the tunnel by the Archway, fossil teeth, fish, fruit, wood, 
 &c. Primrose Hill and neighbourhood, nautili, &c. while 
 excavating for the London and Birmingham Railway. 
 
 British Inhabitants, Trinobantes, the first tribe that sub- 
 mitted to the Romans. Encampments, Bush Hill, 
 Edmonton, remains of a circular one of considerable di- 
 mensions. Earthworks, Harrow Weald, Gryme's Dyke. 
 Remains, Sunbury, two urns. 
 
 Roman Province, Flavia Csesariensi^. Stations, Sulloni- 
 
 b
 
 2 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDI/ESEX. 
 
 acse, Brockley Hill. Encampments, Highbury ; Houn- 
 slow Heath, Csesar's Camp; Islington, Reedmont or Red- 
 mote Field, supposed to have been the camp of Paulinus 
 Suetonius in A.D, 61 ; Kingsbury, of Ctesar, within which 
 is the church ; Laleham, two ; Sheperton ; Somers Town, 
 the Brill; Stanmore Magna. Roads, Ermine Street, 
 from Cripplegate, in London, northward into Hertford- 
 shire; Via Trinovantica, from the coast in Hampshire 
 to the coast in Suffolk, came into the Acton Road and 
 crossed the Watling Street at Tyburn, thence along Ox- 
 ford Street, and continued to Old Street, going north of 
 London ; Watling Street, from London, through Hamp- 
 stead, Hendon, and Edgeware ; at Hackney, are the 
 remains of a stone causeway. Remains, Bentley, gold, 
 silver, and copper coins, rings and bracelet of gold. 
 Breakspear, near Uxbridge, sepulchres. Enfield, coins, 
 urns, and tiles. Hackney, coins. Hammersmith bridge, 
 a Roman sword. Hampstead, sepulchral urns, near the 
 wells, in 1774. Sheperton, in 1812, a canoe rudely cut 
 out of a solid block of oak, probably used when Csesar 
 passed the Thames at Coway Stakes in pursuit of the 
 British prince Cassivelaunus ; spurs, swords, &c. Stan- 
 more Magna, coins, urns, and rings. Turnham Green, 
 urn of coins. 
 
 Saxon Octarchy, Essex. 
 
 Priories. Bentley ; Haliwell, founded before 1189; Riselip, 
 
 cell to Bee Abbey, Normandy. 
 
 i. 
 
 Nunneries. Bromley, founded in the time of William L 
 by William Bishop of London ; Clerkenwell, by Jordan 
 Briset, and Muriel his wife, about 1100, the site marked 
 by St. James's , church ; Isleworth, Syon monastery, 
 for 60 Bridgetine nuns and 25 brethren, by Henry V,
 
 ANTIENT STATE AND REMAINS. 3 
 
 and Henry Lord FitzHugh, in 1415 ; Kilburn, by the 
 Abbot and Convent of Westminster temp. Henry I. 
 
 Preceptories and Commanderies. Clerkenwell, Hospital- 
 lers, St. John of Jerusalem, founded about 1110, by Jor- 
 dan Briset, who founded the Nunnery, the church dedi- 
 cated by Heraclius, Patriarch of Jerusalem, in 1185; 
 under the present church of St. John is the old crypt. 
 Harefield, cell to Clerkenwell, the chapel remains. 
 
 College. Marylebone, St. Katharine's, in Regent's Park, 
 removed from the site of the St. Katharine's Docks, where 
 founded by Queen Matilda wife of Stephen, in 1148; 
 dissolved in 1272; and refounded the following year by 
 Queen Eleanor; removed 1826 to the Regent's Park; the 
 only ecclesiastical gift in the Queens Consort of England. 
 
 Hospitals. Brentford End, Guild and Chapel of All Angels, 
 by John Somerset, D.C.L., Physician to Henry VI. ; 
 High gate, for lepers, founded by William Pole, yeoman to 
 the Crown, in the time of Edward IV. ; Hounslow, Tri- 
 nitarians, temp. John; Kingsland, before 1437 ; Knights- 
 bridge. 
 
 Churches. Acton, some circular pillars; Bromley St. 
 Leonard's, traces of Norman architecture, part of the nun- 
 nery church ; Friern Barnet, Norman ; Harmondsworth, 
 Norman south doorway; Harrow-on-the-Hill, remains 
 of the Norman church of Abp. Lanfranc temp. Will. I.; 
 Harlington, Norman doorway, and square embattled 
 tower ; Hayes, early pointed and some small portions of 
 Norman ; Hendon, handsome and large, with Norman 
 remains and embattled tower; Laleham, Norman remains; 
 Pinner, erected 1321 ; St. Pancras, 14th century; Strat-
 
 4 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 ford-le-Bow, built 1311 ; Wilsdon, some Norman re- 
 mains. 
 
 Fonts. Acton ; Drayton, the most curious in the county ; 
 Harrow; Hayes, circular, sculptured; Hendon, Norman; 
 Heston ; Stepney; Wilsdon, Norman. 
 
 Mansions. Canonbury House, Isling'ton ; Chelsea, the 
 White Horse inn, built in the time of Hen. VIII. or Eliza- 
 beth ; Fulhara, Queen's Head public house, now pulled 
 down, and rebuilt as the Golden Lion ; Islington, the 
 Queen's Head public house (also rebuilt); Kirby Castle, 
 Bethnal Green, built by John Kirby, in the time of Eliza- 
 beth ; Marylebone, on the east side of High Street, a house 
 called the Rose of Normandy ; Stepney, called King- 
 John's palace, gateway of variegated brickwork ; Fulham 
 Palace, part as old as the time of Henry VII. 
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 
 
 Rivers. Brent ; Colne ; Crane, rises near Harrow ; 
 Ese or Echel ; Lea, flows from Hertfordshire, through 
 the Vale of the Lea, to the Thames at Blackwall ; Mose 
 or Moselle ; the New river was begun to be brought 
 from Amwell, near Ware, in Hertfordshire, to Isling^- 
 ton, February 20, 1608, by the patriotic Sir Hugh 
 Myddelton, at his own expense, a distance of 39 miles, 
 and the water was let into the basin there, a distance of 
 38 miles, called the New River Head, September 29, 1613, 
 whence it is conveyed by sluices into cisterns, and thence 
 by innumerable pipes over the Metropolis; Serpentine, 
 in Hyde Park; and the Thames (for which see under 
 London).
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. O 
 
 inland Communications : Navigation. Gi*and Junction 
 Canal, from the Thames near Brentford, begun 1794, 
 goes to Northamptonshire. Isle of Dogs Canal (now 
 converted into docks). Kensington Canal opened 
 August 1828, from Chelsea Lot meadows to Ken- 
 sington, three-quarters of a mile, cost 40,000/. Pad- 
 dington Canal, opened 1801. Regent's Canal, begun 
 1812 and opened 1820, from Paddington, near the 
 first bridge on the Harrow road ; passes under the 
 Edgware road by a tunnel 372 yards long, thence to the 
 Regent's Park, which it goes round ; and thence to Cam- 
 den Town, and White Conduit Fields, where it goes 
 through a tunnel 970 yards in length ; thence it crosses 
 the Kingsland and Hackney roads, and passes onward by 
 Stepney fields to the Thames at Limehouse. Its length 
 is 8 miles 6 furlongs ; it has a descent of about 84 feet 
 from its commencement to its termination ; there are 12 
 locks and 40 bridges. River Lea, from Hertford to the 
 Thames. A cut from the Lea at Bromley to the Regent's 
 Canal, made by Sir Charles Ducket. 
 
 Railways. London and Birmingham Railway, from 
 Euston Square, act obtained 1833, commenced 1834, 
 engineer Stephenson, opened 17th Sept. 1838 ; on 
 the line are eight tunnels, cost 4,983,849. Great 
 Western Railway, from Paddington, through or near 
 to Acton, Ealing, Hanwell, Brentford, Southall, and 
 Uxbridge, to Bristol, a distance of 117 miles. Bir- 
 mingham, Bristol, and Thames Junction Railway, de- 
 signed to connect the river Thames with the t\vo pre- 
 ceding railways ; the line of about three miles is almost 
 entirely within the parish of Hammersmith ; it passes 
 under the Paddington Canal, over which is a roadway. 
 Eastern Counties, from London into Essex, through
 
 b COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Stratford, llford, Romford, and Brentwood, opened 1840. 
 North-Eastern, from the Eastern Counties line, near 
 Stratford, into Hertfordshire, through Tottenham, Ed- 
 monton, Enfield, &c. opened September 15, 1840. 
 
 Eminences and Views. Barrow Point Hill, pleasing views ; 
 Bentley Priory, rich and extensive prospects; Belmont, 
 in Stanmore grounds ; Brockley Hill, fine prospects ; 
 Canonbury Tower, Islington, affords one of the most 
 delightful panoramic views near the Metropolis ; Hamp- 
 stead Heath, the views excel in extent and felicity 
 of combination any to be witnessed in the immediate vi- 
 cinity of the Metropolis ; and Child's Hill House, situa- 
 tion eminently beautiful ; Hanger Hill Tower, 251 feet 
 high ; Hanwell, the parsonage-house commands pleasing 
 views ; Harrow-on-the-Hill, pleasing and varied ; - Har- 
 row Weald ; Hendon has many beautiful prospects ; 
 High Grove, Riselip, agreeable prospects ; Highgate ; 
 Highwood Hill, whence the eye ranges over a wide and 
 richly cultivated expanse ; Kensington, Camden Hill ; 
 King's Arbour, 132 feet high; Mill Hill; Muswell Hill, 
 beautiful and varied ; Noel House, charming views of 
 the Surrey hills; Strawberry Hill, pleasing views over a 
 well-wooded and watered country ; Twickenham, scenery 
 soft, rural, and pleasing; Wilsdon, scenery invitingly pic- 
 turesque, and from a knoll near the green Windsor castle, 
 Leith hill, &c. may be seen; Winchmore Hill. 
 
 JSfatural Curiosities. Acton, mineral waters; three wells. 
 Bagnigge, cathartic and chalybeate springs ; Chelsea, 
 Apothecaries Garden, two remarkably fine cedar trees, 
 and many curious exotic and medico-botanic-rarities ; 
 Clerkenwell, a number of medicinal springs, formerly 
 in great repute ; Enfield, at the Manor-house, a very
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. / 
 
 large cedar of Libanus ; * Hampstead chalybeate 
 wells, first recommended by Dr. Gibbons, the "Mir- 
 millo" of Garth's " Dispensary," and saline wells, dis- 
 covered 1804, by Mr. Goodwin. Hampton Court, the 
 great vine of the Black Hamburgh kind, which has been 
 known to produce in one year 2,200 bunches of grapes, 
 weighing on an average one pound each ; Highwood 
 Hill, Hendon, mineral spring impregnated with ca- 
 thartic salt ; Hoxton, medicinal waters ; Islington, 
 medicinal waters, formerly very celebrated under the 
 name of the New Tunbridge Wells, combining a pecu- 
 liar modification of sulphate of iron with an aperient 
 of salt ; Kilburn, mildly aperient well ; Notting Hill, 
 Kensington, mineral well; Pancras, medicinal waters ; 
 Syon House, mulberry trees, the first planted in this 
 kingdom ; Shadwell (or Saint Chad's well), medicinal 
 waters ; Tottenham, on the Green, a cluster of fine 
 elms by the road side, called the " Seven Sisters;" several 
 wells, one resembling the Cheltenham waters. 
 
 PUBLIC EDIFICES. 
 
 Acton, conduit, constructed 1612: the Goldsmiths' alms- 
 houses, handsome, finished in 1811. 
 Bayswater, Queen's lying-in hospital, removed here 1791. 
 Brentford, handsome stone bridge over the Thames to Kew. 
 
 * The Cedar of Libanus was first planted at Fulham in 1683. 
 There was one at Hendon Place, blown down Jan. 1, 1779, 
 height 70 feet ; circumference at seven feet from the ground, 
 16 feet; diameter of the horizontal extent of its branches 100 
 feet. Another of nearly equal dimensions was cut down at Hil- 
 lingdon in 1789. A third of large siae at Hammersmith in 1836.
 
 8 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Bromley St. Leonard's, the Draper's almshouses, rebuilt 
 1806. 
 
 Camden Town, veterinary colles;'e, instituted 1791. 
 
 Chelsea Hospital, for wounded and superannuated sol- 
 diers, first stone laid by Charles II. on March 12, 1682, 
 finished 1690, architect, Sir Christopher Wren ; three 
 courts; length of principal building', 790 feet; whole 
 space occupied, 50 acres; cost 150,000; statue of 
 Charles II. ; ordinary number of in-pensioners, about 
 470. College Infirmary ; architect, Soane. Royal Military 
 Asylum, for soldiers' children, 700 boys and 300 girls ; 
 first stone laid by the Duke of York, second son of 
 George III. on June 19, 1801, completed 1805; archi- 
 tect, Sanders ; it has a very convenient detached chapel. 
 Bridge, over the Thames, one furlong long, 28 feet 
 wide, built of wood, in 1772, cost 20,000. National 
 Schools, first stone laid June 18, 1824; finished 1826; 
 handsome range of buildings ; cost 3,000. In the 
 Apothecaries' Garden, is a statue of Sir Hans Sloane, by 
 Rysbrach. 
 
 Clapton, London Orphan Asylum, founded in 1813; cost 
 30,000. 
 
 (lerkenwell : Finsbury dispensary, opened 1781. Middlesex 
 House of Correction, 1794, cost 70,000 on plan of How- 
 ard ; outer wall erected 1824. White Conduit House, 
 for music and other entertainments, rebuilt on a large 
 scale 1829. Friends' School. Lady Owen's Alms- 
 houses and Free Grammar School, built and endowed 
 in 1613 by Lady Alice Owen, in commemoration of, says 
 tradition, her narrow escape from death by the arrow of 
 an archer in her younger days. London Female Peniten- 
 tiary, Pentonville, instituted Jan. 1, 1807, east wing 
 erected 1811, and further enlarged 1812, will accommo- 
 date 100 females. Claremont Chapel, erected for the In-
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. V 
 
 dependents, by Thomas Wilson, esq. of Highbury, opened 
 1819 ; cost 7,000 ; will accommodate 1500 persons. 
 Sadler's Wells Theatre (vide Islington). Sessions 
 House, Clerkenwell Green, erected in 1778 at the expense 
 of about 13,000, is 110 feet from east to west, and 78 
 from north to south ; the hall is 34 feet square, with a 
 dome ; architect, Rogers. Charity School, Amwell Street, 
 erected in 1829, capable of accommodating 1,000 chil- 
 dren. New Prison, built 1774; nearly rebuilt 1818. 
 Workhouse, enlarged in 1790 at an expense of 4,000. 
 Spafields Chapel, Exmouth Street, originally a house of 
 entertainment ; converted into a chapel by Selina 
 Countess of Huntingdon in 1779 ; built in the form of a 
 rotunda. 
 
 Fulham, bridge of wood, from plan of the surgeon Chesel- 
 den ; length 789 feet, width 24 ; cost 23,075. 
 
 Hackney, bridge over the Lea, of iron, erected at a cost of 
 4,500 in 1821 ; National Schools, large, erected in 1811 ; 
 cost 4,500 ; Dissenters' College, established 1730, pre- 
 sent edifice erected in 1823, cost 10,000. 
 
 Hammersmith, Suspension Bridge, foundation laid May 7 
 1825; opened October 6, 1827; engineer, William Tier- 
 ney Clark, Esq., F.R.S. ; cost 45,000 ; the clear extent 
 of water-way between the suspension towers 400 feet ; 
 length of road-way 688 feet, being 135 feet more than 
 the Menai Bridge. 
 
 Hampton Court, brieve of wood, eleven arches, opened De- 
 cember 13, 1753. 
 
 Hanwell, lunatic asylum, for the county. 
 
 Harrow, School, founded by John Lyon, yeoman, and the 
 rules made by him, 1590; had 353 students, the greatest 
 number, in 1804. 
 
 Hendon, at Mill Hill, Protestant Dissenters' grammar school, 
 founded 1807, cost building 25,000.
 
 10 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Heston, magazine of gunpowder. 
 
 Highgate Archway, foundation laid Oct. 30, 1812 ; opened 
 Aug. 21, 1813; 36 feet liigli, 18 wide, erected in conse- 
 quence of the falling in of an intended tunnel under the 
 hill, which had proceeded 130 yards, April 12, 1812. 
 
 Holloway, Whittington's College, founded in 1421 by will 
 of Sir Richard Whittington, thrice Lord Mayor of Lon- 
 don ; erected 1824 by Mercers' Company ; cost 20,000; 
 here twenty-nine alms-women reside. 
 
 Homerton, Widows' Retreat, founded 1812, for eight 
 widows of Independent Ministers, handsome range of 
 buildings in the pointed style, erected at the sole expense 
 of Samuel Robinson, esq. and endowed by him. 
 
 Hounslow Heath, cavalry barracks, erected 1793. 
 
 Hoxton, Aske's Hospital, or Haberdashers' Almshouses, 
 founded by the Company of Haberdashers in 1692, in 
 pursuance of will of Robert Aske, esq. who left 30,000 
 for their endowment ; re-erected in a very handsome man- 
 ner in 1826. 
 
 Islington. Church Missionary Society's College, for the 
 preparation of young men for foreign missions, erected 
 1827. Proprietary School, Barnsbury Street, erected 
 1830. A great many Almshouses. Bakers' Almshouses ; 
 Metropolitan Female Asylum, for reclaiming women, 
 established 1829. Church of England School, in union 
 with King's College, London. Lady Owen's Almshouses 
 and School (vide Clerkenwell). Quakers' Workhouse 
 and School. Sadler's Wells, so called from one Sadler, 
 who discovered the spa in 1683; present theatre erected 
 1765; enlarged 1778, 1802, &c. Caledonian Asylum, 
 Copenhagen Fields, for educating children of soldiers, 
 sailors, and marines, natives of Scotland, first stone laid 
 by Duke of Sussex May 17, 1827 ; cost 10,000. High-
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANGK. 
 
 11 
 
 bury College, for the education of ministers of the Inde- 
 pendent denomination, erected 1826 ; cost 22,000. 
 
 Kensington, National Schools. Water Tower, built in the 
 time of Queen Anne, for supplying the palace with water. 
 
 Littleton, stone bridge of seven arches, built 1785; cost 
 13,000; architect, Payne. 
 
 Marylebone : Eastern National School, adjoining 
 All Soul's Church, instituted in 1824, will accom- 
 modate 500 children. Western National School, Wynd- 
 ham Place, erected by James Tillard, esq. who ad- 
 vanced a sum of 4,000/, in 1824, which he bequeathed 
 at his death in 1828 ; it is spacious and handsome. Colos- 
 seum, Regent's Park, constructed for the exhibition of a 
 panoramic view of London, taken from the summit of the 
 cross of St. Paul's Cathedral, in 1822, by Mr. Horner; 
 the building raised under the direction of Mr. Decimus Bur- 
 ton ; a polygon of 16 faces, each 25 feet in length, mak- 
 ing the circuit of the building 400 feet ; commenced 1824, 
 and completed 1827 ; doric portico one of the finest and 
 best proportioned in the metropolis ; the picture, building, 
 and mechanism, are deserving of high admiration ; here 
 is preserved the original ball of St. Paul's. Diorama, 
 Regent's Park, opened Oct. 6, 1823, cost 9,000/.; archi- 
 tects, Morgan and Pugin, completed in four months; for 
 the exhibition of pictures with the variety of light and 
 shade, introduced from Paris by Messrs. Bouton and 
 Daguerre ; machinery executed by Mr. Topham ; the 
 spectators sit in a revolving theatre. Clergy Orphan 
 Schools, St. John's Wood, founded 1749, at Acton, 
 erected 1812. Artillery Barracks and Riding School, St. 
 John's Wood. Statue of Wm. Duke of (Cumberland in 
 Cavendish square, erected in 1770, by Chew, at the ex- 
 pense of Lt.-Gen. Wm. Strode. Portman barracks, for 
 500 men. Parish Charity School, erected 1754, confined
 
 12 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 to girls, of whom there are upwards of 100. Central 
 National School in High street, erected 1808, by Sir Thos. 
 Bernard, bart. for 500 children. Philolog^ical Society's 
 School, King Street, Bryanstone Square, founded 1792, 
 present school provided, 1827, for sons of clergymen, 
 officers, merchants, &c. Queen Charlotte's Lying-in 
 Hospital, instituted in 1752, at Bayswater, removed to 
 the New Road in 1810. Middlesex Hospital, facing 
 Berners-street, instituted 1745. Workhouse, spacious and 
 commodious, erected 1775 ; architect, John White, whose 
 services were given gratuitously. (See under London.) 
 
 Mile End: Newy Tozedik, or German Jews' Hospital, esta- 
 blished 1806, enlarged 1818. Hospital of Portuguese 
 Jews, instituted 1748, rebuilt 1793. Trinity Almshouses, 
 founded in 1695 by the Trinity House for distressed 
 officers in the merchants' service, with handsome chapel. 
 Bancroft's Almshouses, founded by Francis Bancroft in 
 1727, belong to the Drapers' Company. Fullers' Alms- 
 houses. Vintners' Almshouses, rebuilt 1802. Skinners' 
 Almshouses, founded by Lewis Newbury, 1698. East 
 London Lying in Institution. 
 
 Pancras : Foundling Hospital, instituted by royal charter 
 in 1739, through the exertions of Captain Thomas Coram, 
 who was buried in its vaults, 1751 ; first stone of the 
 present building laid 1742. Welsh Charity School, Gray's 
 Inn Lane, established 1718, by the Society of Antient 
 Britons, instituted on St. David's Day, March 1, 1714. 
 Small Pox Hospital, Battlebridge, the first in Europe, 
 established 1745; the present building, now chiefly devoted 
 to vaccination, erected 1794. Adjoining is a Fever Hos- 
 pital. City Light Horse Barracks, Gray's Inn Lane. 
 King's Cross, Battlebridge. Theatre, Tottenham Street. 
 Bazaar, in Liver" ol Street. Female Charity School, 
 Hampstead Road, for 65 girls. (See under London.)
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 13 
 
 Poplar and Blackwall : the West India Warehouses and 
 Docks, first stone laid by Mr. Pitt and others July 12, 
 1800, finished 1802; import dock, thirty acres; export, 
 dock, twenty-four acres; entrance basin, six acres ; whole 
 premises, 204 acres; cost 1,200,000. East India Com- 
 pany's Docks, exports, nine acres and a quarter ; imports, 
 eighteen acres and one-eig-hth ; entrance basin, two acres 
 and three quarters. Dock and Warehouses of Wigram 
 and Green, the most considerable private dock in Europe, 
 nineteen acres. Trinity Buoy Wharf. East India Com- 
 pany's Almshouses, for widows of officers and seamen in 
 the East India Company's service, rebuilt 1802. Free 
 School, instituted 1816, erected at the expense of the East 
 India Company. Mercers' Almshouses. 
 
 Shadwell, barracks for the Lascars and Chinese. Protes- 
 tant Dissenters' Charity School, founded 1712, with cha- 
 pel attached. Cooke's Almshouses, founded 1713, by 
 Captain J. Cooke. 
 
 Somers Town, Hospital for the French Clergy, instituted 
 by Abbe Carron, opened 1810. 
 
 Staines, bridge of iron, of one arch, supported by wooden 
 piles (two bridges having fallen there since 1797), com- 
 pleted 1807. 
 
 Sudbury, infirmary, built 1773. 
 
 Tottenham; Cross erected in 1600, by Dean Wood, repaired 
 1809, at a cost of 300 ; Schools. Almshouses, partly 
 founded in 1600, by Balthasar Sanchez, a Spaniard, said 
 to have been the first person in this kingdom who exer- 
 cised the trade of a confectioner, or "comfit -maker." 
 
 Uxbridge, market-house, erected 1789, cost 3,000.
 
 14 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX, 
 
 MODERN CHURCHES. 
 
 Bethnal Green ; St. Matthew, erected 1740, of brick ; St. 
 John's, of Grecian architecture, architect. Sir John Soane ; 
 built 1828; cost 18,000 ; St. Peter, first stone laid Aug. 
 3, 1840. 
 
 Brompton, erected 1829, in the pointed style. 
 
 Chelsea, St. Luke's Church, in the pointed style, first stone 
 laid Oct 18, 1820; consecrated Oct. 18, 1824; architect 
 James Savage, esq. ; cost more than 20,000/. ; the interior 
 has much that is admirable, and the fittings-up are in ex- 
 cellent taste. 
 
 Sloane Street, also in the pointed style, erected 1830 ; 
 
 cost 6,000. 
 
 . St. Saviour, Elizabeth Street, Upper Chelsea, pointed 
 
 style; architect, George Basevi ; consecrated May 27, 
 1840 ; will accommodate 1,200 persons. 
 
 Clerk EN WELL, St. James, first stone laid Dec. 16, 1788, 
 architect, James Carr, cost 12,000. 
 
 ., St. John's, built in 1723 by Mr. Simon Michell and 
 
 Mr. Button ; bought by Queen Anne's Commissioners for 
 2,950; consecrated Dec. 23, 1723, and became the second 
 of the 50 new churches. 
 
 . St. Mark, Myddelton square, in the pointed style, con- 
 secrated Jan. 1, 1828 ; the site given by New River Com- 
 pany; cost 16,000, defrayed by the Commissioners for 
 Building New Churches; the furniture provided by the 
 parish vestry. 
 
 . Pentonville Chapel, erected 1787; consecrated 1791, 
 
 architect Mr. Aaron Henry Hurst ; stands north and 
 south, and the altar is in the north. 
 
 Edmonton, Winchmore Hill, erected in 1828 ; cost 5,000. 
 
 Enfield, St. James, Enfield Highway, erected by subscription 
 in 1831, pointed style; architect, Lockner. 
 
 . Forty Hill, pointed style, very pleasing. 
 
 Fulhara,St. John's, \ValhamGreen,erected 1829; cost10,000.
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 15 
 
 St. George in the East, near Ratcliffe Highway, designed 
 by Nicholas Hawksmoor, and commenced in 1715, 
 consecrated by Bp. Gibson July 19, 1729; cost 18,557/.; 
 massive and grotesque ; interior heavy and gloomy. 
 Haggerstone, St. Mary, pointed style; architect, John Wal- 
 ters ; the tower in imitation of that of Boston church, 
 
 CO. Lincoln, consecrated 1827. 
 Hackney, St. John the Baptist, erected 1797, of brick. 
 West, Kingsland Road, handsome Grecian edifice, 
 
 erected in 1823, at a cost of near 16,000 ; architect, 
 
 Smirke. 
 
 South, Well Street, built in 1810 ; cost 8,000. 
 
 Stamford Hill. 
 
 Hammersmith, St. Peter's, first stone laid May 10, 1827 ; 
 
 consecrated Oct. 15, 1829; architect, Lapidge ; Grecian 
 
 Ionic. 
 Hendon, Mill Hill, erected at expense of William Wilber- 
 
 force, Esq.; pointed style. 
 Hounslow, erected 1828-9 ; cost 5,310 ; pointed style ; 
 
 architect, Henry Mawley, Esq. 
 Hoxton, St. John, consecrated June 1829, very good steeple, 
 
 cost 13,000, defrayed by the Parliamentary Commis- 
 sioners. 
 Islington, St. John, Upper Holloway ; pointed style ; 
 
 architect, Barry ; completed 1828 ; cost 11,890. 
 St. Paul's, Ball's Pond; pointed style, architect, Barry, 
 
 erected 1827; cost 11,000. 
 Trinity, Cloudesley Square, architect, Barry, erected 
 
 1830 ; cost near 12,000. 
 
 St- Mark, Pentonville. 
 
 Holloway, Chapel of Ease, consecrated Aug. 1814; 
 
 cost 32,000. 
 
 St. Peter's, near Colebrooke Row. 
 
 St. James's, Holloway, architect, Clifton. 
 
 St. Stephen's, New North-road, architect, Clifton.
 
 16 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Kensington, in the Addison Road, erected 1829, in the 
 pointed stjle. 
 
 Knightsbridge, now in the coui'se of erection. 
 
 Marylebone, St. Peter's, Vere Street, Oxford Street, 
 erected about 1724 of brick; repaired 1832. 
 
 St. Paul's Chapel, in Portland Street, handsome brick 
 
 building with stone steeple, erected 1766, on site of the 
 Marylebone basin; consecrated in 1831. 
 
 St. John's Wood Chapel, of the Ionic order, designed 
 
 by the late Thomas Hardwick, esq. consecrated in 1814. 
 
 Marylebone parish church, fronting the Regent's Park ; 
 
 architect Thomas Hardwick, foundation laid July 5, 
 1813; consecrated Feb. 4, 1817; interior magnificently 
 fitted up, but with too theatric an effect ; cost 60,000/. ; 
 the north front rich and elegant. 
 
 AllSouls,Langham Place, first stone laid Nov. 18, 1822; 
 
 consecrated Nov. 25, 1824; architect John Nash; cost 
 15,994/. defrayed by Government; a peripteral portico 
 and multangular spire, of injudicious introduction. 
 
 St. Mary's, Wyndham Place, designed by Sir Robert 
 
 Smirke and consecrated Jan. 7, 1824 ; the tower is circular 
 over a portico of six Ionic columns; the height from the 
 base to the top of tower is 135 feet, elevation of the body 
 of the church 42 feet 6 inches, length of exterior 128 feet, 
 height of portico pillars 33 feet ; cost 20,000/. 
 
 -' Marylebone Old Church, on site of one taken down in 
 
 1740; opened in April 1742; converted into a parish 
 chapel by Act of Parliament on Feb. 4, 1817- 
 
 Christ Church, near Lisson Green, designed by the late 
 
 Philip Hardwick, esq. consecrated 1825; Ionic portico and 
 plain square tower at east end, which is the principal 
 front ; the interior is Corinthian after Italian models. 
 
 Trinity Church, Portland Road, designed by the late 
 
 Sir John Soane, and consecrated in 1828; the principal
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 17 
 
 Manufactures. Bethnal Green, cotton goods ; waterproof 
 
 hose for brewers and firemen ; bricks. 
 Brentford, spirits ; articles in iron. 
 Bromley St. Leonard's, a distillery. 
 Chelsea, tobacco pipes ; oil cloth ; soap ; beer. 
 Clerkenwell, clocks and watches; mechanical tools; soap; 
 
 spirits. 
 Edmonton, coaches. 
 Enfield, Ponder's End, crape, established 1809, by John 
 
 Baylis. 
 Enfield Lock, fire arms, an extensive government establish- 
 ment on the banks of the Lea, with residences for several 
 hundred workmen and their families. 
 Fulham, brown stone ware. 
 Hackney, optical glasses ; colours for painting ; dyeing and 
 
 calendering ; bricks and tiles. 
 Hammersmith, bricks ; bleaching and calendering muslin* 
 and calicoes ; crucibles at Shepherd's Bush ; varnish 
 at Brook Green. 
 Harefield, copper sheets, bolts, and bars. 
 Heston, oil of vitriol- 
 
 Hounslow, gunpowder mills, and mill for dressing flax, 
 Hoxton, machinery; pins; vinegar. 
 Isleworth, beer. 
 
 Islington, white lead ; floor-cloth. 
 Kensington, candles ; cotton flocks for paper hanging 
 
 manufacturers at Little Chelsea, North side. 
 Norwood, vitriol. 
 Ratcliif, sailcloth ; chains ; cables and ropes ; machinery ; 
 
 sugar. 
 Stepney, beer ; spirits ; floor-cloth ; tobacco pipes. 
 Teddington, wax candles, the most complete in the king- 
 dom.
 
 18 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Tottenham, crape ; pottery ; beer ; caoutchouc, or india 
 
 rubber garments. 
 Twickenham, gunpowder; oil. 
 Uxbridge, flour ; beer; bricks; implements of husbandry; 
 
 Windsor chairs. 
 
 POPULATION IN 1831. 
 
 Hundreds, 6, one of which, Ossulstone, divided into 4 divi- 
 sions ; Cities, 2 ; Boroughs, 3. 
 
 Inhabitants, including the Cities of London and West- 
 minster, Males, 631,410 ; Females, 726,920 ; total 
 1,358,330. 
 
 /foi**e*, Inhabited, 180,493; Building, 3,919; Uninhabited, 
 14,413. 
 
 Families, 314,039 ; Employed in Agriculture, 9,882 ; in 
 Trade, 173,822; in neither, 130,335. 
 
 Baptisms in the year 1830, Males, 17,682 ; Females, 
 17,712; total, 35,394 ; annual average, ^,^\% 
 
 Marriages in 1830, 13,259; annual average, 12,834. 
 
 Burials in 1830, Males, 15,321 ; Females, 14,541 ; total, 
 29,862; annual average, '2^,d\d.
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 19 
 
 Places having- 
 
 Houses. 
 London, within the 
 
 walls 8,002 
 London, without 8,733 
 
 Westminster 20,616 
 
 Marylebone 11,608 
 
 St. Pancras 12,369 
 
 Shoreditch 10,698 
 
 Bethnal Green 10,877 
 
 Clerkenwell 6,015 
 
 St. Luke's 5,766 
 St. George, East 5,764 
 
 Islington 5,797 
 Mile End Old 
 
 Town 6,028 
 
 Chelsea 4,635 
 
 Hackney 5,220 
 
 Whitechapel 4,119 
 
 Kensington 2,948 
 
 Spitalfields 2,271 
 
 Poplar 2,682 
 
 Limehouse 2,607 
 
 Paddington 1,933 
 
 Hammersmith 1,712 
 
 RatclifFe 1,515 
 
 Shadwell 1,493 
 
 Enfield 1,552 
 
 Hampstead 1,180 
 
 Edmonton 1,394 
 Ealing, with Old 
 
 Brentford 1,325 
 Mile End New 
 
 Town 990 
 
 Fulham 1,163 
 
 Tottenham 1,298 
 
 not less 
 
 Inhab. 
 
 65,778 
 
 67,905 
 
 201,842 
 
 122,206 
 
 103,548 
 
 68,564 
 
 62,018 
 
 47,634 
 
 46,642 
 
 38,505 
 
 37,316 
 
 33,898 
 
 32,371 
 
 31,047 
 
 30,733 
 
 20,902 
 
 17,949 
 
 16,849 
 
 15,695 
 
 14,540 
 
 10.222 
 
 9,741 
 
 9,544 
 
 8,812 
 
 8,588 
 
 8,192 
 
 7,783 
 
 7,884 
 7,317 
 6,937 
 
 than 1,000 Inhabitants. 
 
 Houses. 
 Hillingdon, includ- 
 ing Uxbridge 1,315 
 Isleworth, includ- 
 ing Hounslow 1,014 
 Chiswick 876 
 
 Hornsey, including 
 
 814 
 
 Highgate 
 Bromley 
 Twickenham 
 Hampton 
 Harrow 
 Wapping 
 Stoke Newington 
 Heston, including 
 
 Hounslow, part 586 
 Stratford le Bow 603 
 Finchley 
 Hendon 
 Staines 
 Acton 
 
 New Brentford 
 South Mims 
 Wilsdon 
 Sunbury 
 Hayes 
 Old Artillery 
 
 Ground 187 
 
 Stanwell 267 
 
 Norwood 212 
 
 Harefield 263 
 
 Harraondsworth 232 
 Pinner 156 
 
 Hanwell 214 
 
 Ruislip 248 
 
 Great Stanmore 1 83 
 
 854 
 700 
 609 
 518 
 562 
 
 640 
 454 
 448 
 426 
 375 
 393 
 326 
 341 
 300 
 
 6,885 
 
 5,590 
 4,994 
 
 4,856 
 4,846 
 4,571 
 3,992 
 3,861 
 3,564 
 3,480 
 
 3,407 
 3,371 
 3,210 
 3,110 
 2,486 
 2,453 
 2,085 
 2,010 
 1,876 
 1,863 
 1,575 
 
 1,411 
 1,386 
 1,320 
 1,285 
 1,276 
 1,270 
 1,213 
 1,197 
 1,144
 
 20 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 61. The celebrated battle between the Roman general 
 Suetonius Paulinus, and the British Queen Boadicea, is 
 considered by some authors to have been fought on the 
 site of the present Battle Bridge, Clerk enwell. 
 785. At Chelsea (Calcuith) a synod held before Gregory, 
 Bp. of Ostia, and Theophylact, Bp. of Todi, the first 
 legates sent by the Pope into this kingdom, when, at the 
 instigation of OiFa, the powerful King of Mercia, who 
 was present, Lichfield was made an Archiepiscopal See. 
 879. At Fulham, Danish army wintered. 
 
 1009. The Danes, after burning Oxford, marched to Lon- 
 don and crossed the Thames at Staines. 
 
 1016. At Brentford, Canute and the Danes, after being 
 driven from London, were defeated by Edmund Ironside. 
 
 1170. Thomas aBecket, journeying towards Woodstock to 
 pay respect to Prince Henry, was denied access to the 
 court and commanded to repair immediately to his own 
 diocese. He passed some days at his manor of Harrow 
 on his return. 
 
 1217- At Hounslow, a conference was held between four 
 Peers and twenty Knights on the part of Louis the Dau-
 
 HISTORY. 21 
 
 A. D. 
 
 phin, with the same number of nobles and knights on the 
 part of the young King Henry III. 
 1250. Archbishop Boniface held a visitation at Harrow. 
 
 1263. Simon de Montfort, with the refractory Barons, en- 
 camped in the park of Richard Earl of Cornwall, at Isle- 
 worth. 
 
 1264. At Isleworth, the palace of Richard King of the 
 Romans and Earl of Cornwall, brother of Henry III. de- 
 stroyed by the Londoners under Sir Hugh Spencer. 
 
 1267. The Earl of Gloucester, at the head of the rebellious 
 Londoners, assembled his troops on Hounslow Heath, in- 
 tending to give Henry battle, but retreated before the 
 arrival of the King's forces. 
 
 1299. At Stepney, Parliament held in the house of Henry 
 Walleis, Mayor of London, when Edward I. confirmed 
 the Charter of Liberties. 
 
 1381. The rebels under Wat Tyler burnt the priory of St. 
 John of Jerusalem at Clerkenwell, and the prior's seat at 
 Highbury. The Temple in Fleet Street, London, was 
 also burnt and the prior beheaded on Tower Hill. 
 
 1386. At Hornsey, Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Glou- 
 cester, Earls of Arundel, Warwick, and Derby, with other 
 nobles, assembled to compel Richard II. to dismiss his fa- 
 vourite Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland. 
 
 1391. The Company of Clerks played three days succes- 
 sively before Richard II. his queen, and the whole court, 
 at Clerkenwell. 
 
 1437. Henry VI. held a council at the Hospitalers' Com- 
 mandery, Clerkenwell, Nov- 13, and appointed Duke 
 Humphrey one of his Regents. 
 
 1445. A chapter of the garter was held in the Lion Inn, 
 at Brentford,
 
 22 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 1450. At Mile End, during the insurrection under Jack 
 Cade, the Essex insurgents encamped. 
 
 1461. At Highgate, Thomas Thorpe, Baron of the Ex- 
 chequer, beheaded by the insura^ents of Kent. The Earl 
 of March, after the battle of Mortimer's Cross, mustered 
 his army in St. John's Fields, Clerkenwell, and was 
 there chosen King by the people's acclamation, and 
 thence conducted in great state to St, Paul's, and pro- 
 claimed as Edward IV. 
 
 1465. The unfortunate Henry VI. being brought prisoner 
 towards London, was met at Islington and arrested by the 
 Earl of Warwick. 
 
 1471. April 14, was fought on Enfield chase that great 
 battle between the Houses of York and Lancaster, gene- 
 rally known as the Battle of Barnet, in which the Lan- 
 castrians were defeated, and their commander, the Earl 
 of Warwick, " that center-shaking thunderclap of warre," 
 with his brother the Marquis of Montacute and 10,000 
 men, slain by Edward IV. 
 
 1483. At Hornsey, May 4, Edward V. accompanied by 
 the Dukes of Gloucester and Buckingham (who had ob- 
 tained possession of his person), met by the Lord Mayor 
 and citizens, and conducted to the Bishop's palace in the city. 
 
 1516. Margaret dowager Queen of Scots, and sister to 
 Henry VIII. visited Sir Thomas Lovell at Enfield. 
 
 1537- At Hampton Court, Oct. 14, Queen Jane Seymour 
 died, two days after giving birth to Edward VI. 
 
 1540. At Hampton Court, Aug. 8, Katharine Howard 
 openly acknowledged Queen. 
 
 1541. Syon House, the prison of Queen Katharine How- 
 ard, from Nov. 14 to Feb. 10, 1542, three days before her 
 execution. 
 
 1543. At Hampton Court, Henry VIII. married to Katha-
 
 HISTORY. 23 
 
 A.D. 
 
 rine Parr, who was openly declared Queen, July 12, at 
 this place. Here Henry VIH. entertained Francis Gon- 
 zaga. Viceroy of Sicily. 
 1548. The corpse of Henry VIII. rested in the conventual 
 buildings at Syon House on its way to Windsor. 
 
 1553. At Syon House, Lady Jane Grey reluctantly ac- 
 cepted the crown, and was conducted hence with much 
 pomp to the Tower. 
 
 1554. Philip and Mary kept their Christmas with great 
 solemnity at Hampton Court. 
 
 1555. Aug. 8, Robert Smith burnt for his religious opinions 
 at Uxbridge. 
 
 1556. At Stratford Bow, June 7, thirteen persons burnt 
 for their religion. 
 
 1557. Sept. 17, four victims of bigotry burnt at one fire at 
 Islington. 
 
 1558. At Brentford, July 14, six persons suffered martyr- 
 dom at the stake for their religion. 
 
 .1572. Queen Elizabeth kept her Christmas at Hampton 
 Court. 
 
 1578. Elizabeth visited Osterley House, and was magnifi- 
 cently entertained by Sir Thomas Gresham. 
 
 1586. At Uxendon, near Harrow, Anthony Babingtou 
 and his fellow-conspirators against Elizabeth apprehended. 
 
 1593. Elizabeth passed her Christmas at Hampton Court. 
 
 1596. The Queen came from Theobalds to Enfield House 
 to dinner, and to shoot at th6 buck. 
 
 1601. Queen Elizabeth visited Harefield place, 
 
 1602. Lord Russell at Chiswick honoured by a visit from 
 his royal mistress. 
 
 1603. At Stamford-hill, May 7, James I. on his first entry 
 into London received by the Lord Mayor and citizens, 
 and conducted with great pomp through a field called
 
 24 COUNTY HISTORY^MIDDLESEX. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 Wood's Close, on the site of Northampton Street, Clerk- 
 envvell, " by a way that was cut of purpose through the 
 bank," to the Charter-house. 
 1604. At Hampton Court, Jan. 14, commenced the Con- 
 ference between the Presbyterians and the Members of 
 the Establishment, which lasted three days ; James I. 
 acting as Moderator. In consequence of this meeting a 
 new translation of the Bible, and some alterations in the 
 Liturgy, were made. 
 
 1625. At Stepney 2978 persons died of the plague. 
 
 1626. Queen Henrietta Maria was compelled by her priests 
 to do penance under the gallows at Tyburn ; for which 
 insolence King Charles drove them and all her Majesty's 
 French servants out of the Kingdom. 
 
 1635. In August, the Queen and her whole court enter- 
 tained at Hanworth by Lord Cottington. 
 
 1642. At Brentford, Nov. 12, Parliamentarians defeated, 
 and the eccentric John Lilburne and 400 men taken pri- 
 soners by Charles I. The Earl of Essex, with an army 
 of 24,000 men, marched from London to Turnham 
 Green, on hearing that the King had carried the Par- 
 liamentarian works at Brentford. The King retreated 
 to Kingston, and the Earl quartered his troops at 
 Fulham, and built a bridge of barges across the Thames 
 to Putney. 
 
 1643. There were three forts erected in Tyburn Road, now 
 called Oxford Street. 
 
 1645. At Uxbridge, January, fruitless treaty between the 
 Royal and Parliamentarian Commissioners. 
 
 1646. At the Red Lion, Hillingdon, Charles 1. stopped 
 when escaping from Oxford to the Scots. 
 
 1647. Several skirmishes took place near Brentford, at 
 which time the Parliamentarian army was mustered on
 
 HISTORY. 25 
 
 A. D. 
 
 Hounslow-heatli, and the guards were quartered at 
 Brentford. At Isleworth, August 4, head quarters of 
 General Fairfax, who here received the Parliamentarian 
 Commissioners. At Hampton Court, Charles I. kept in 
 imprisonment from August 24 until November 11, when 
 he escaped, accompanied by Sir John Berkeley, Mr. 
 Ashburnham, and Mr. Legge. He left three letters be- 
 hind him, for the Parliament, for the Commissioners, and- 
 for Colonel VVhaley. In the latter he assigned as a rea- 
 
 . son for escaping that he was " loath to be made a close 
 prisoner under pretence of securing his life,' and not 
 from any fear of the talked-of plot of assassination to 
 which the Colonel had alluded in conversation with him. 
 Colonel Whaley, in his account of the transaction, did not 
 consider it an escape, as the King had " never been in 
 custody as a prisoner ;" and if he had known of his going 
 away he had no power to prevent it. It is generally 
 thought that Cromwell was accessory to the escape, and 
 it is known that its success gave him much exultation. 
 
 iBSl. At Acton, September 21, Oliver Cromwell congra- 
 tulated on his victory at Worcester, and conducted to 
 London by the Lord President and Council of State, 
 many members of both houses of Parliament, with the 
 Lord Mayor and Aldermen ; in all a train of more than 
 300 coaches. 
 
 1656. The plot to assassinate Cromwell, designed by Miles 
 Syndercomb and others, was to have been carried into 
 execution while the Protector was on his way to Hamp- 
 ton Court. A house at Hammersmith, at the corner of 
 Gould Hawk Lane, was hired, wherefrom to shoot at him. 
 Various ineffectual attempts were made. Syndercomb 
 was tried and sentenced to be executed, but committed 
 suicide in prison.
 
 26 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 1660. General Monk drew up his forces at Finchley, Feb. 3. 
 Charles II. went to Hampton Court June 8, and re- 
 turned, supping with Lord Carapden at his house at 
 Kensington, June 14. 
 
 1661. At the insurrection of the fifth-monarchy men, Caen 
 Wood at Hampslead was the place of their retreat till 
 driven out by a detachment of the guards. 
 
 1665. At Stepney 6583 persons died of the plague ; 154 
 persons were buried in one day, September 11. 
 
 1678. At Primrose Hill, October 17, the body of the mur- 
 dered Sir Edmondbury Godfrey discovered. 
 
 1686. James II. drew up his " large but shadowy " army on 
 Hounslow Heath. 
 
 1688. James visited his encampment on Hounslow Heath 
 formed of men destined to act against hira. The plaudits 
 of the soldiers on the arrival of the news of the acquittal 
 of the seven Bishops, convinced hira that his army was 
 not sound. 
 
 1694. At Kensington palace, Dec. 28, Mary II. died ; 1702, 
 March 8, William III. ; 1708, Oct. 28, Prince George of 
 Denmark; 1714, Aug. 1, Queen Anne; and 1760, Oct. 
 25, George II. died. 
 
 1749. George HI. and the Princess Augusta stood sponsors 
 to Lady Georgiana Augusta, dau. of Earl of Berkeley, at 
 Cranford Church. 
 
 1780. Dreadful riots in the Metropolis ; the prisoners in 
 Clerkenwell bridewell set free, &c! ; troops in consequence 
 quartered at Finchley. 
 
 1794. At Ratcliffe Highway, July 23, 455 houses and 36 
 warehouses burnt down. More than 16,000 was col- 
 lected by subscription for the sufferers. 
 
 1807. A false alarm of fire at Sadler's Wells Theatre caused 
 the loss of 18 lives, besides numberless severe injuries.
 
 HISTORY. 27 
 
 A. D. 
 
 The offenders were prosecuted to conviction and punish- 
 ment. 
 
 1814. At Stanmore, April 20, Louis XVIII. accompanied 
 by the Duchess d'Angouleme, from their asylum at Hart- 
 well, in Buckinghamshire, was met by the Prince Regent 
 and his illustrious guests the Emperor of Russia and the 
 King of Prussia, and conducted in triumph to London. 
 
 1816. At Spa-fields, on what is now Wilmington Square, 
 Nov. 15 and Dec. 2, were held two celebrated meetings 
 of dissatisfied politicians, among whom were Henry Hunt 
 and Arthur Thistlewood, the latter of whom was subse- 
 quently executed for the Cato-street Conspiracy, and the 
 former became M.P. for Preston. 
 
 1820. The Cato Street Conspiracy to murder the Ministers 
 at a Cabinet dinner at Lord Harrowby's, in Grosvenor 
 Square, was frustrated through the information of a spy 
 accomplice, and nine of the conspirators were captured at 
 their rendezvous in Cato Street, Edgware Road, and 
 .several of them subsequently arrested, among whom was 
 Thistlewood, who had been previously tried for High 
 Treason with Dr. Watson, &c Thistlewood with four 
 others were executed, five were transported for life, and 
 one pardoned.
 
 28 
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 
 
 Acton, John, divine, Acton (flor. 1290). 
 
 Acton, Ralph, divine, Acton (flor. 1320). 
 
 Aston, Sir Arthur, loyalist, Fulham, (murdered at Drog- 
 heda, by Cromwell, 1649). 
 
 Atkyns, Sir Robert, historian of Gloucestershire, Hadley, 
 1647 (died 1711). 
 
 Bennet, Henry, first Earl of Arlington, royalist ; confiden- 
 tial minister of Charles II., one of the " Cabal ; " Harling- 
 ton, 1618 (died 1685). 
 
 Benson, William, auditor of the imprest, satirized by Pope, 
 Bromley, 1682. 
 
 Berkeley, Sir John, Lord Stratton, loyalist general, Han- 
 worth, 1607. 
 
 Berkeley, Sir William, brother of above, governor and his- 
 torian of Virginia ; dramatic author ; Hanworth (or Lon- 
 don) 1608 (died at Twickenham 1677). 
 
 Birch, Thomas, industrious and diligent historian and bio- 
 grapher, brought up a Quaker, afterwards ordained in the 
 church; Clerkenwell, 1705 (killed by a fall from his horse 
 in the road between London and Hampstead 1765). 
 
 Bishop, Samuel, divine and poet ; St. John Street, Clerken- 
 well, 1731. 
 
 Blount, Charles, miscellaneous writer, favourer of Deism ; 
 his religious books burnt by order of the Church, and his 
 political by order of the Parliament ; shot himself be- 
 cause the Church would not sanction his union with the 
 sister of his deceased wife, 1693 ; Holloway 1654. 
 
 Blount, Sir Thomas Pope, brother of above. Member of Par- 
 liament, and critical author; Holloway 1649 (died 1697). 
 
 Boyle, Charles, Earl of Orrery, antagonist of Bentley in 
 the famous Phalaris controversy ; author of a come-ly, &c.; 
 his name of Orrery was given to an astronomical instru- 
 ment invented by Mr. George Graham ; Chelsea 1676 
 (died 1731).
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 20 
 
 Butler, James, first Duke of Ormond ; honest statesman ; 
 
 Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, promoter of the restoration 
 
 of Charles IL; Newcastle House, Clerkenwell, 1610 (died 
 
 1688). 
 Caesar, Sir Julius, Master of the Rolls, Tottenham, IS!)? 
 
 (died 1636). 
 Chaloner, Edward, divine, Chiswick (died 1665). 
 Collins, Anthony, controversialist and metaphysical writer 
 
 of considerable ability ; opponent of revealed religion ; 
 
 Heston, near Hounslow, 1676 (died 1729). 
 Dancer, Daniel, miser, near Harrow, 1716. 
 Edward VI. amiable and pious, Hampton Court, October 
 
 12, 1537 (died 1553, aged 16). 
 Everitt, Thomas Hills, when only II months old 3 feet 3 
 
 inches high, girth round the loins 3 feet 1 inch, Enfield, 
 
 1779. 
 Fabell, Peter, magician and conjuror, subject of the play and 
 
 a tract called " The merry Devil of Edmonton," attri- 
 buted to the poet Michael Drayton, Edmonton (flor. 
 
 temp. Hen. V^II.) 
 Finch, Daniel, Earl of Winchelsea and Nottingham, K G. 
 
 statesman, Kensington, 1689 (died at Parson's Green 
 
 1769). 
 Fox, Henry, first Lord Holland, statesman, rival of Pitt, 
 
 Earl of Chatham, and father of Charles James Fox, Chis- 
 ' wick, 1705 (died 1774). 
 Fox, Stephen, first Earl of llchester, and brother of the 
 
 preceding statesman, Chiswick, 1704 (died 1776). 
 Frowick, Sir Thomas, Lord Chief Justice to Henry VII. 
 
 Ealing, 1466. 
 Gaskin, Dr. George, learned and amiable divine ; Islington, 
 
 1751 (died 1829). 
 Gouge, Thomas, the son, nonconformist divine and author, 
 
 Stratford Bow, 1605. 
 Gouge, William, puritan divine and author, Stratford Bow, 
 
 1575. 
 Halley, Edmund, LL.D. astronomer and mathematician, 
 
 author at 18 years of age of a pamphlet supplying a defect 
 
 in the Keplerian theory of planetary motion; Haggerston, 
 
 1656 (died 1741-2 at Greenwich). 
 Harrington, John, Baron of Exton, accomplished noble* 
 
 man and poet, Stepney, 1592 (died 1613).
 
 30 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Hawes, William, physician, author, and founder of Royal 
 Humane Society ; Islington, 1736; buried there in 1808. 
 
 Hewling, William, partizan of the Duke of Monmouth, 
 Islington, 1665. 
 
 Hodges, Nathaniel, physician, who remained in London 
 visiting the infected during the whole time of the great 
 plague 1665, of which he wrote a Latin history ; Kensing- 
 ton ; (died in the prison of Ludgate in London in 1684, 
 under what circumstances is unknown). 
 
 Holland, Charles, actor, Chiswick, 1733. 
 
 Hough, John, Bp. of Worcester, president of Magdalen Col- 
 lege, Oxford, whose spirited resistance at his college to a 
 mandamus of James II. which was contrary to the statutes, 
 commenced that clerical resistance to the monarch which 
 assisted in bringing about the revolution of 1688; succes- 
 sively Bishop of Oxford, Lichfield, and Worcester ; born 
 in 1650 ; died 1743, at the great age of 93. 
 
 Hough, Stephen, lawyer; Stepney, about 1741. 
 
 Hounslow, Robert, provincial of Trinitarian Friars, author, 
 Hounslow (died 1430). 
 
 Hope, Sir Wm. Johnstone, admiral ; Finchley, 1766. 
 
 Howard, John, the genius of active philanthropy ; appren- 
 ticed to a grocer ; married an elderly widow at Stoke 
 Newington in gratitude for her care in nursing him ; im- 
 prisoned during the French War ; devoted his life to 
 visiting prisons at home and abroad, suggesting improve- 
 ments in their building and arrangement ; building cot- 
 tages for the poor, establishing schools, visiting hospitals, 
 lazarettos, &c. ; born at Clapton in Hackney, 1726; died 
 17&0 of a malignant fever in Russia, where he was 
 buried. His Statue is in St. Paul's Cathedral. 
 
 Killigrew, Henry, youngest brother, divine and dramatist, 
 Hanworth, 1613. 
 
 Killigrew, Thomas, 2d brother, wit and dramatist, favourite 
 of Charles II. Hanworth, 1611 (died 1682). 
 
 Killigrew, Sir William, eldest brother, dramatist and loy- 
 alist, Hanworth, 1606 (died 1693). 
 
 King, Dr. William, principal of St. Mary's hall, Oxford, 
 politician and scholar, ingenious writer, Stepney, 1685 
 (died 1763). 
 
 Lawrence, George, nonconformist divine and author ; Step- 
 ney, 1615.
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 3t 
 
 Lyon, John, yeoman, founder of Harrow school, Preston, 
 (died 1592.) 
 
 Mawson, Matthias, Bishop of Ely, Chiswick, 1682. 
 
 Mead, Richard, physician, author on Poisons, Contagion, 
 &c.; Stepney, 1673 (died 1754). 
 
 Nares, Sir George, judge, Stanwell, 1716. 
 
 Nares, James, musician, Stanwell, 1715. 
 
 Nichols, John, F.S.A., " the modern Dugdale " ; printer, 
 successor to the learned Bowyer, of whom he published a 
 life J antiquary and topographer of unequalled industry ; 
 for nearly half a century editor of the Gentleman's Maga- 
 zine; voluminous author; born at Islington, 1744; died 
 there 1826. 
 
 Northall, Richard, Archbishop of Dublin, Northall, (died 
 1397.) 
 
 Page, William, divine, schoolmaster, and translator; Har- 
 row, 1590 (died 1663). 
 
 Parr, Samuel, divine, scholar, Greek critic; schoolmaster, 
 politician, and author; Harrow, 1746-7 ; died 1825. 
 
 Percival, Sir Philip, statesman, Kensington, 1603. 
 
 Pratt, Charles, first Earl Camden, Lord Chancellor, in- 
 dependent and constitutional lawyer ; Kensington, 1714, 
 (died 1794.) 
 
 Rich, Henry, Earl of Holland, executed 1649, Stratford 
 Bow, 1590. 
 
 Rose, Samuel, learned barrister ; Chiswick, 1767. 
 
 Sadleir, Sir Ralph, Sec. of State to Hen. V^lll. ; Royal Fal- 
 coner to Queen Eliz. ; diplomatist, statesman, and warrior ; 
 born at Hackney, 1507 ; died 1587, aged 80. 
 
 Sawyer, Elizabeth, subject of the play, " The Witch of Ed- 
 monton," by Rowley, Decker, andFord; Edmonton, (ex- 
 ecuted 1621.) 
 
 Simpson, Edward, divine, author of " Chronicon Catholi- 
 cum," &c. ; Tottenham, 1578, (died 1651.) 
 
 Skinner, Stephen, etymologist and antiquary ; born 1622, 
 (died 1667.) 
 
 Smith, Charles, able writer on corn trade; Stepney, 1713. 
 
 Snape, Andrew, learned divine; Hampton Court (died 1742). 
 
 South, Robert, " witty churchman," and controversialist. 
 Hackney, 1633, (died 1716.) 
 
 Stamford, Sir William, Judge, author of " Pleas of the 
 Crown," Hadley, 1509.
 
 32 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Steevens, George, commentator on Shakspere, dramatic 
 critic and biographer; Stepney, 1735 ; died at Hampstead 
 1800. 
 
 Suckling, Sir John, poet, wit, courtier, dramatist ; "spoke 
 Latin fluently at five, and wrote it with ease and elegance 
 at nine;" royalist officer; Whitton in Twickenham 1609,* 
 died 1641. 
 
 Sydney, Dorothy, Countess of Sunderland, the "Sacha- 
 rissa" of Waller ; Syon house, 1617. 
 
 Taylor, Brook, musician, philosopher, and mathematician, 
 author on linear perspective; Edmonton, 1685; died 
 1731. 
 
 Towerson, Gabriel, learned divine (died 1697). 
 
 Twiford, Roger, divine, Twiford (flourished 1390). 
 
 Wase, Christopher, learned and ingenious scholar and roy- 
 alist ; Hackney (died 1690). 
 
 Watson, Sir William, physician, botanist, and electrician ; 
 St. John's Street, Clerkenwell, 1715 (died 1787). 
 
 Wickham, William, Bishop of Winchester ; Enfleld, 1324 
 (died 1404). 
 
 Wilde, George, Bishop of Londonderry, dramatic writer ; 
 born 1601. 
 
 Wilkes, Alice, Lady Owen, foundress of Islington alms- 
 houses ; Islington (died 1613). 
 
 Wilkes, John, political character, author of the North Bri- 
 ton, for No. 45 of which he was illegally apprehended and 
 committed to the Tower, and for which he obtained da- 
 mages against the Crown ; M. P. for Middlesex ; Lord 
 Mayor of London ; ugly, witty, elegant, and licentious 
 man ; born in St. John's Street, Clerkenwell, 1727 (died 
 1797). 
 
 William Duke of Gloucester, son of Queen Anne: Hampton 
 Court, 1689. 
 
 Wolstenholme, Sir John, founder of the church, Stanmore 
 Magna (died 1639). 
 
 Woodcock, Robert, painter of sea-pieces ; Chelsea, 1690. 
 
 Yelverton, Sir Henry, judge, author of " Reports ;" Isling- 
 ton, 1566 (died 1630). 
 
 * Other authorities, Witham, 1613.
 
 33 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 ACTON was the rectory of Daniel Featly, controver- 
 sialist, author of " Clavis Mystica," who received this living 
 from Archbishop Abbot as a reward for maintaining a 
 public dispute with two Jesuits, and died 1644-5 ; his house 
 and church here were despoiled by the Parliamentarian sol- 
 diers in 1642 ; Philip Nye, one of the " Assembly of 
 Divines," of Hudibrastic celebrity, who died 1673; Bruno 
 Ryves, author of ''Mercurius Rusticus," who died 1677- 
 . Here were buried William Aid ridge, wheelwright, aged 
 114, 1698; Margaret Fieldhouse, aged 100, 1761; Mary 
 Hill, aged 100, 1762 ; Elizabeth Barry, actress, and pupil of 
 the celebrated Earl of Rochester, 1713. 
 
 Here resided the Lord Chief Justices Sir Matthew 
 Hale and Sir John Vaughan ; the Bishops Lloyd of Nor- 
 wich, one of the prelates who deprecated James the Second's 
 assumed power of suspending the laws against popery, .and 
 Willis of Winchester; Francis Rous, Provost of Eton, and 
 Speaker of the Little Parliament, who died here 1659 ; 
 Philip Skippon, Parliamentarian General; Richard Bax- 
 ter, nonconformist, who retired hither on the passing of 
 the Act against Conventicles ; Sir Charles Scarborough, 
 physician to Charles II.; and Philip Thicknesse, traveller in 
 France and Spain, eccentric man and author, who died 
 1792.
 
 34 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 BAYSWATER Tea Gardens were the property of the 
 celebrated Sir John Hill, who there cultivated his medical 
 plants, and prepared his celebrated " Water Dock Essence " 
 and " Balm of Honey." Garrick characterised him thus: 
 
 " For physic and farces his rival there scarce is, 
 His farces are physic, his physic a farce is." 
 
 He died in 1775 of the gout, for which he professed to have 
 a specific. 
 
 At these gardens died in 1793 Mrs. Kennedy, the 
 singer. 
 
 Near Tyburn Turnpike is a burying ground belonging 
 to the parish of St. George, Hanover Square. In it were 
 buried Sterne, divine, wit, and sentimentalist; and Sir Tho- 
 mas Picton, killed at Waterloo. 
 
 At BETHNAL GREEN resided Sir Richard Gresham, 
 father of the founder of the Royal Exchange, London ; Sir 
 Hugh Piatt, author of "The Garden of Eden;" SirBaltha- 
 sar Gerbier, miniature painter, fanciful projector, died 
 166/ ; Robert Ainsvvorth, lexicographer, who kept a school 
 here, and died 1743; and William Caslon, letter founder, 
 who died here 1766. 
 
 The legendary " Beggar," in the well-known ballad 
 (written in the time of Elizabeth, and embalmed in Percy's 
 " Reliques," vol. ii.) was Henry de Montfort, who is sup- 
 posed in the ballad to have survived the battle of Evesham, 
 in 1265, where his father, Simon Earl of Leicester, was 
 slain. It has been dramatised by Sheridan Knowles. 
 
 Here were buried Anne Postel, aged 100, 1749 ; Samuel 
 Gates, aged 100, 1749-50 ; Bridget Fossett, aged 102, 
 1757; Mary Nash, aged 107, 1790; John Rosce, aged 102, 
 1795; Thomas Stamford, aged 104, 1799; Sarah Robert- 
 son, aged 100, 1804, &c. In the Jews* burial-ground was
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 35 
 
 buried in 1782, Sarah Joseph, aged i07 years and 10 
 months. 
 
 At BRENTFORD were buried William Noy, Attorney, 
 general, who suggested the tax of ship money, 1634; William 
 Anslow, surgeon, aged 102, 1717 ; John Home, whose son, 
 the celebrated John Home Tooke, was curate here for ele- 
 ven years, 17G6; Luke Sparks, comedian, 1769; Henry 
 Gilford, actor and proprietor of Goodman's Fields theatre 
 when Garrick first performed, 1772, and Anne Marcella 
 Gilford, his wife, tragedian, 1777' 
 
 At BROxMLEY ST. LEONARDSwas buMed its native, 
 auditor Benson, 1754. 
 
 In CHELSEA Old Church are monuments of Lord Chan- 
 cellor Sir Thomas More, with an inscription by himself: 
 Jane, wife of the ambitious John Dudley, Duke of Northum- 
 berland, who died 1555; Gregory Lord Dacre, 1594, and his 
 wife Anne, foundress of almshouses in Tothill-fields, 1595, 
 with their effigies ; and Lady Jane Cheyne (monument by 
 Bernini, cost 500), 1669. 
 
 In the JVew Church is a beautiful monument, by Chan- 
 Irey, to Lieut.-Col. the Hon. Henry Cadogan, who nobly 
 fell at the battle of Vittoria, 1813. 
 
 In the old church and its cemeteries were also interred 
 Sir Arthur Gorges, who built Stanley-house, translator of 
 Lucan, 1625; Baldwin Hamey, physician and philosopher, 
 1676; Thomas Shadwell, poet laureate, 1692 ; its rector, 
 Adam Littleton, lexicographer, 1694; Edward Chamlier- 
 layne, author of "Angliae Notitia," 1703, his son John, 
 linguist, 1723, and his daughter Anne, who fought as a 
 sailor on board a fire-ship, wife of John Spragge, 1691 ; its 
 native, Robert Woodcock, painter, 1728; Abel Boyer, his- 
 torian, 1729 ; the learned Mary Astell, 1731 ; Thomas Bar- 
 nardiston, serjeant at law, author of "Reports," 1752 ; Sir 
 Hans Sloane, President of the Royal Society and College
 
 36 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 of Physicians, 1753; Philip Miller, author of " Tlie Gar- 
 dener's Dictionary,'' 1/71, monument 1815; Henry Mossop, 
 actor, 1775 ; William Kenrick, critic, 1779 ; Sir John 
 Fielding-, mag-istrate, 1780. 
 
 In the Cemetery in the King's Road were buried Andrew 
 Millar, bookseller (his monument an obelisk), 1768 ; John 
 Martyn, botanist, 1768; John Baptist Cipriani, artist (in- 
 scription by his friend Bartolozzi), 1785; Rev. Dr. Philip 
 Withers, editor of the "Table of Cebes," who resided in 
 Sloane Square, and died in Newgate, where he was impri- 
 soned for lib*l 1790. 
 
 Ranelagh, so called from having been the residence of the 
 paymaster-general, Richard Earl of Ranelag-h, was once a 
 very fashionable place of amusement and of public enter- 
 tainment. The rotunda, first opered April 5, 1742, was 
 185 feet in diameter. All the buildings were taken down 
 in 1805. 
 
 The famous coffeehouse, called Don Saltero's, noticed 
 by Sir Richard Steele, in the Tatler, No. 34, obtained its 
 name from one Salter, a barber, who opened it in 1695. 
 Most of his curiosities were given to him by Sir Hans 
 Sloane, to whom he had once been a servant, and by Admi- 
 ral Munden, who had been much on the coast of Spain, and 
 who gave the house its Spanish appellation. 
 
 The IVorlds End public house was a noted house of 
 entertainment in the time of Charles XL It is mentioned 
 in Congreve's comedy of " Love for Love," in a dialogue 
 between Mrs. Foresight and Mrs. Frail. 
 
 At the Apothecaries' Garden, which was commenced 1673, 
 and is maintained by the Society of Apothecaries of London, 
 resided many years Philip Miller, who is honoured by hav- 
 i no' a new genus of plants consecrated to his name J\Iil- 
 leria. Here is a statue, by Rysbrach, of Sir Hans Sloane. 
 
 At Stanley House died, in 1743, Admiral Sir Charles
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS CHELSEA. 37 
 
 Wager ; originally a quaker. It afterwards became tlie pro- 
 perly of the accomplished and unfortunate Countess of 
 Strathmore in 1777, who married A. B. Bowes, esq. and 
 endured almost unheard of barbarities and cruelties from 
 him, dying in 1800. 
 
 Ashburnham House was built in 1747, by Dr. Benjamin 
 Hoadly, physician, philosopher, and author of " The Sus- 
 picious Husband." 
 
 Lindsey House, the late Moravian establishment, was built 
 temp. Charles II. by Robert Bertie, Earl of Lindsey, on the 
 site of a house of Sir Theodore Mayerne, physician to 
 King James I. and his successor, who died there in 1655, 
 aged 82. The Moravians were founded in 1750 by Count 
 Zinzendorf, who lived here, presiding over the community. 
 In the burial-ground, behind the house, lie Christian Renatus 
 de Zinzendorf, only son of the Count, 1752 ; Peter Bcehler, 
 their Bishop, 1775; William Hammond, author of " The 
 Marrow of the Gospel," 1783; and Benjamin La Trobe, 
 expositor of their religion, 1786. 
 
 Beaufort House, on the site of Beaufort St., was built about 
 1520,by Sir Thos. More, Lord Chancellor to Henry VIII. who 
 here frequently visited him, and here obtained the Chancel- 
 lor's assistance in writing the King's memorable answer to 
 Martin Luther. Sir Thomas patronized the painter Hans 
 Holbein, who lived three years in this house, when visiting 
 England in 1526 : he was here introduced to Henry VIII. 
 From this house More was taken to the Tower, where he 
 suffered. It then became the residence of William Paulet, 
 the first Marquess of Winchester, Lord High Treasurer to 
 Queen Elizabeth ; of William Cecil, Lord Burghley, and his 
 son Robert Cecil, the first Earl of Salisbury, who rebuilt the 
 house of More ; and it subsequently became the property 
 and residence of Lionel Cranfield, Earl of Middlesex, Lord 
 Treasurer ; of George Villiers, the elegant and courtly
 
 38 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Buckingham, who w&s stabbed by Felton at Portsmouth in 
 1628; of his son, the witty and profligate author of " The 
 Rehearsal;" of Sir BulstrodeWhitelocke, author of "Memo- 
 rials of English Affairs " during the Commonwealth; and 
 of Sir Hans Sloane, who pulled it down in 1740. Few 
 houses can boast of having been the residence of such a 
 Succession of distinguished characters, yide under Chiswick. 
 
 At Shaftesbury House, Little Chelsea, now the work- 
 house of St. George's, Hanover Square, resided Anthony 
 Ashley Cooper, third Earl of Shaftesbury, author of " the 
 Characteristics." 
 
 At Little Chelsea resided, in 1661, the philosopher and 
 chemist Robert Boyle, seventh son of the Earl of Cork. 
 
 The sign of the Goat and Boots public house. Little 
 Chelsea, was painted by Morland to defray expenses in- 
 curred at the house. 
 
 In Church Lane Dr. Atterbury, afterwards Bishop of 
 Rochester, resided. He here became acquainted with Dean 
 Swift, in 1711, who lodged in a house opposite to him. 
 
 Dr. John Arbuthnot, physician and wit, also resided in 
 Church Lane. 
 
 On the site of Lombard Terrace resided Henry Sampson 
 Woodfall, printer, and publisher of the Letters of Junius, 
 for which he suflFered by fine and imprisonment. He died 
 in 1805, and had an inscription in the old churchyard. 
 
 In Lombard Street resided Lewis the bookbinder, com- 
 panion of Dr. Smollett on his journey from Edinburgh to 
 London, and the original of Strap the barber in Roderick 
 Random. 
 
 In Lawrence Street resided Anne Duchess of Monmouth 
 and Buccleuch, about 1714, and the poet Gay was for some 
 time her secretary or domestic steward. In the same house 
 afterwards resided Dr. Smollett, physician, novelist, histo- 
 rian, &c. The house was pulled down in 1839.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS CHELSEA. 39 
 
 At Shrewsbury or Alston House, pulled down in 1813, 
 resided George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, generous and 
 honourable keeper of Mary Queen of Scots ; and Elizabeth 
 his Countess, builder of Chatsworth, Hardwick, and Old- 
 coates, who died 1643. 
 
 The old Manor House, situate in Cheyne Walk, was 
 occupied by Katharine Parr, queen of Henry VIII. and her 
 husband Sir Thomas Seymour. Lord High Admiral ; and 
 here had care of her ward the Princess Elizabeth. Anne of 
 Cleves, after her divorce, also resided in this house, in which 
 she died 1557- Charles Howard, Earl of Nottingham, 
 Lord High Admiral, here frequently was honoured with 
 visits from Queen Elizabeth, Sir Hans Sloane made it his 
 retirement and a repository for his library and museum in 
 1742, till his death in 1753. In the gardens is a mulberry 
 tree planted by the hands of Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 By the water side resided Sir Richard Steele, and here 
 wrote some of the Spectators. 
 
 In Cheyne TValk were the baths of Dr. Dominicetti, an 
 Italian charlatan of great celebrity. The House was after- 
 wards the residence of the philanthropist, the Rev. Weeden 
 Butler; and his friend Jaiues Neild, author on Prisons, 
 resided in the same row of houses, which faces the Thames. 
 
 The Bishops of Winchester had a palace in Cheyne Walk, 
 from 1664 to 1825, when it was pulled down. Here died 
 Bishops Richard Willis, 1736 ; Benjamin Hoadly 1761 ; 
 John Thomas, 1781. 
 
 Queen s Elm owes its name to the circumstance of Queen 
 Elizabeth and Lord Burghley having found shelter under 
 an elm tree here from a heavy shower of rain. An elm stood 
 here until about the year 1835. 
 
 In Salamanca Place resided A. H. Haworth, esq. who 
 had an unrivalled museum of entomology and natural his- 
 tory. He died in 1833.
 
 40 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 In Paradise Row resided the statesman John Robartes, 
 created Earl of Radnor, and there he entertained Charles 11. 
 in 1660; John Vaughan, last Earl of Carberry; Charles 
 Duke of St. Alban's, natural son of Charles II. by Nell 
 Gwynne ; the beautiful Duchess of Mazarine, whom 
 Charles II. wanted in marriage, and who died here in 1699; 
 Mrs. Mary Astell, learned friend of the accomplished Lady 
 Elizabeth Hastings ; Dr. Richard Mead, physician, about 
 1714; Thomas Stackhouse, historian of the Bible, 1750; 
 Suett, the actor, who died here in 1805. 
 
 King James's College, for polemical divines, was founded 
 in 1610, through the efforts of Dr. Sutcliffe, Dean of Exe- 
 ter; but existed scarcely twenty years. Camden was one of 
 its historiographers, in conjunction with Sir John Hayward. 
 
 The Royal Hospital for military pensioners, built on the 
 site of the College, is said to owe its institution to the 
 exertions and entreaties of Nell Gwynn, mistress to 
 Charles II. The design was given by Sir Christopher 
 Wren. In the centre of the Court is a bronze statue of 
 Charles II. larger than life, by Grinling Gibbons. The 
 Pensioners have a library of history, voyages, travels, and 
 military memoirs. Dr. Messenger Mousey, physician to the 
 hospital, a singularly accomplished and eccentric man, died 
 here 1788, aged 96. On the morning of the day on which 
 he died, while at breakfast, he said to the servant, " I shall 
 certainly lose the game ; " and upon her asking him what 
 game? replied, " the game of a hundred, which I have played 
 for very earnestly many years ; but I shall lose it now, for I 
 expect to die in a few hours." 
 
 In the College cemetery, William Hiseland, pensioner, 
 aged 112, 1732; Christiana Davies, or Mother Ross, served 
 as a dragoon under William III. and Duke of Marlborough, 
 1739 ; William Cheselden, surgeon, 1752; William Young, 
 lexicographer, the original of Fielding's " Parson Adams,"
 
 BIISCELLANE0U8 0B8BRVATI0NS CHELSEA. 41 
 
 1757; James O'Hara, Lord Tyrawley, field-marshal, and 
 John Ranby, surgeon, 1773; its governor, Sir William 
 Fawcett, general, 1804; Alexander Reid, surgeon, 1789; 
 Hannah Snell, female soldier, 1792 ; and Dr. Charles Bar- 
 ney, historian of music, 1814. 
 
 Near to the Hospital, on the west side, stood the house of 
 Edward Russell, Earl of Orford, victor at La Hogue ; after 
 him occupied by Sir Robert Walpole, statesman, who here 
 employed as his architect Sir John Vanbrugh, and Lady 
 Walpole here received visits from Queen Caroline. Part of 
 the house is now the hospital infirmary. 
 
 Besides most of the above-mentioned, among the Inhabit-' 
 ants of Chelsea were, Thomas Beauchamp, Earl of War- 
 wick, warrior at Cressy and Poictiers; Lord High Cham- 
 berlain, Robert Ratclifi'e, first Earl of Sussex of his 
 family, wlio died here 1542 ; the Parliamentarian, John 
 Pym, for several years ; Edward Montagu, Earl of Man- 
 chester ; Sir Francis Wyndham, protector of Charles II. ; 
 the prelates, Sharpe and Dawes of York ; Fletcher, of Lon- 
 don, father of the dramatist; Fowler, of Gloucester, who 
 died here 1714 ; Dr. Daniel Featly, controversial divine, 
 provost of the college, where he died 1645; Philip Francis, 
 translator of Horace, chaplain of the college ; Thomas 
 Pelham, Lord Pelham ; Elizabeth Blackwell, herbalist; 
 James Glenie, mathematician and engineer, who died here 
 1817 ; and Richard Yates, D.D., F.S.A. chaplain of the Col- 
 lege, 1834. 
 
 At CHISWICK were buried Sir Thomas Chaloner, states- 
 man and naturalist, first discoverer of alum mines in this 
 kingdom, 1615 ; Leonard Mawe, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 
 1629; Arthur Duck, civilian, biographer of Abp. Chichele, 
 1649; Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland, mistress of' 
 Charles II. 1709 ; Sir John Chardin, traveller, 1712 ; 
 Mary, Countess of Fauconberg, third daughter of Oliver
 
 42 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Cromwell, 1713; Dorothy Linton, aged 105, 1728; Wil- 
 liam Kent, painter and architect, 1748; James Ralph, his- 
 torian and poet, satirized by Pope, 1762 ; William Ho- 
 garth, painter (epitaph by Garrick), 1764 ; Charles Hol- 
 land, a native, actor (epitaph by Garrick), 1769 ; Sir Tho- 
 mas Robinson, first Lord Grantham, statesman, 1770; 
 Christopher Strickland, esq. aged 102, 1782; Dr. Tliomas 
 Morell, editor of Ainsworth and Hederick, 1784; Dr. Wil- 
 liam Rose, critic, translator of Sallust (epitaph by Murphy), 
 and Thomas, second Lord Grantham, statesman, 1786; Dr. 
 Ralph Griffiths, original editor of the "Monthly Review," 
 1803; George Earl Macartney (below mentioned) 1806; 
 Alexander Brodie, Esq. inventor of Register Stoves for 
 Shipping, 1811; Philip James de Loutherbourg, painter, 
 1812 ; Sir James Earle, Surgeon to George III. and Chief 
 Surgeon of St. Bartholomew's, 1817 ; William Sharp, Esq. 
 historical engraver, 1824; Ugo Foscolo, dramatic author, 
 1827 ; and James Fittler, A.R.A., marine engraver to 
 George III. 1835. 
 
 At Corney House, resided William, the brave Lord 
 Russell of Thornhaugh ; and his son Francis, first Earl of 
 Bedford ; and more recently, George, Earl Macartney, 
 statesman. It was pulled down 1834. 
 
 At Chiswick House, after his disgrace, resided Robert Car, 
 Earl of Somerset, favourite of James I. and his infamous 
 Countess, previously Countess of Essex, who died here 1632. 
 
 At College House resided Busby and Freind, and other 
 masters of Westminster School, it having been a country re- 
 tirement provided for them, and occasionally for their scho- 
 lars, on visitations of the plague or other epidemic sickness. 
 In latter times it has been the printing office of Mr. Whit- 
 tingham, celebrated for the beauty of his works. He died 
 here 1839. 
 
 At Turnham Green resided George Elliot, Lord Heath- 
 field, defender of Gibraltar, who died 1790.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 43 
 
 At Strand-on-the'Green resided Joseph Miller, "honest 
 Joe Miller," actor and jester, whose wit and humour contri- 
 buted much to the success of Congreve's comedies, who 
 died here 1738, and was buried in the Portugal Street 
 burial ground ; also J. Zoffany, painter, who died here 
 1810. 
 
 At Chiswick resided Sir Henry Sydney, Lord President 
 of Ireland; Chief Justice Sir William Jones; Allen Lord 
 Bathurst, who died 1775 ; Richard Boyle, Earl 
 OF Burlington, who died 1753 
 
 " Who plants like Bathurst, and who builds like Boyle ?" Pope. 
 and Sir Stephen Fox, statesman, who was married here in 
 1703, to Christian Hope, whose two ennobled sons were 
 born here, and who died here in 1716. 
 
 The present Chiswick House was built by the classical 
 Richard Earl of Burlington, and among its fine collection of 
 paintings is the celebrated " Belisarius." In it died in 1806 
 the Right Hon. Charles James Fox, and in 1828 George 
 Canning, both Prime Ministers of Great Britain ; and 
 here, in 1814, the Emperor of Russia and King of Prussia 
 dined with the Duke of Devonshire. 
 
 In an avenue near the house, is the gate of Beaufort 
 House, Chelsea, built by Inigo Jones in 1625, and given to 
 the Earl of Burlington by Sir Hans Sloane 1737. On this 
 removal, Pope wrote these lines : 
 
 Passenger. 
 O Gate, how com'st thou here? 
 Gate. 
 I was brought from Chelsea last year, 
 Batter'd with wind and weather. 
 Inigo Jones put me together ; 
 Sir Hans Sloane 
 Let me alone ; 
 Burlington brought me hither."
 
 44 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 The beautiful iron gates recently erected at the entrance 
 of the grounds, were removed from Heathfield House, Turn- 
 ham Green, when that house was pulled down in 1838. 
 
 CLERK ENVVELL. The J^unnery is said to have pos- 
 sessed one of the six waterpots in which Jesus changed the 
 water into wine ! 
 
 In St. James's old Church was buried John Weever, the 
 author of " Funeral Monuments," who lived in the Close, 
 and died there in 1632; with a quaint poetical inscription, 
 which may be seen in either Stowe or Strype. 
 
 In St. James's Church was buried Cave, the projector of 
 the Gentleman's Magazine, who died in 1754, without any 
 memorial. Could not the many who have been amused 
 and instructed by that periodical, raise a tablet as a record 
 of his worth and their gratitude? The mite of the humble 
 compiler of these pages would be cheerfully contributed. 
 
 In St. Johns Square is a double-fronted house, with one 
 bow-window, formerly the abode of Dr. Gilbert Burnet, Bp. 
 of Salisbury, who accompanied William III. as his chaplain, 
 when he came over as Prince of Orange, to take the throne. 
 He died 1714-1.5, and was buried in Clerkenwell church. 
 On the iron back of a stove is a bas-relief of Charles I. on 
 horseback, trampling over a prostrate figure, with the ini- 
 tials C. R. and the date 1644. 
 
 In St. Johns Lane, at the sign of the Baptist's Head, is 
 a curiously carved stone mantle-piece, with the arms of Sir 
 Thomas Forster, knt. one of the Judges of the Common 
 Pleas, who resided here, and died in 1681. It is considered 
 to have been a house of call of Drs. Johnson and Goldsmith, 
 while contributors to the Gentleman's Magazine. On the 
 wall of the tap-room is a picture of a Dutch fair, said 
 to have been painted by Heemskirk ; but it is now nearly 
 obliterated through neglect.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS, 45 
 
 The Gate of the old Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, 
 the superior of which was styled premier Baron of England, 
 is now UFed as the Old Jerusalem Tavern. Here was the 
 printing office of Edward Cave, whence issued the early 
 numbers of the Gentleman's Magazine, a periodical "of 
 which the scheme is known wherever the English lan- 
 guage is spoken;" which has existed since the year 1731 ; 
 and which soon became, and has continued, the chosen 
 receptacle for the literary correspondence of the scholar and 
 the antiquary. Among its early contributors were Dr. 
 Johnson, who supplied some of the Parliamentary debates, 
 and wrote several of the essays ; Dr. Hawkesworth ; Dr. 
 Goldsmith ; and many of the most eminent literati of that 
 and subsequent periods. 
 
 In IVoodbridge Street stood the Red Bull Theatre, 
 erected in the time of Elizabeth. In point of size it vied 
 with the Globe and Fortune, and excelled all the rest. It is 
 probable that the first English female performer belonged 
 to this theatre. 
 
 In Jerusalem Passage resided Thomas Britton, the eccen- 
 tric "Musical Small-coal Man," the introducer of public 
 concerts, which were first held in a room over his coal ware- 
 house, and to which access was made by a pair of st^ep steps 
 on the outside. This receptacle attracted all the fashion of 
 the age. The celebrated Dubourg here played the first solo 
 he ever executed in public, when a child, standing upon a 
 joint-stool. 
 
 What is now Ray Street, was formerly Hockley-in-the- 
 Hole, where was a celebrated bear garden. Mrs. Peachum, 
 in the inimitable Beggar's Opera, says to Filch, "You must 
 go to Hockley-in-the-Hole, and to Marybone, child, to learn 
 valour." 
 
 Hicks^s Hall was so named from the Sessions House
 
 46 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX, 
 
 having been built at the cost of Sir Baptist Hicks, 1612. 
 It originally stood in St. John's Street, but now on Clerk- 
 enwell Green. 
 
 On the spot where now stands Sutton Street, were 
 buried of the plague in 1349, 50,000 bodies. Soon after- 
 wards a church, called Pardon Church, was erected for the 
 saying of masses for the repose of their souls. The church- 
 yard was subsequently used for such as desperately ended 
 their lives or were executed for felonies. 
 
 Near to Clerkenwell Green, inserted in the wall of a little 
 shop, is a pump with an inscription purporting that the 
 water flows from the identical fountain, or "Clerks' Well," 
 which gave rise to the name of the parish, and around 
 which the Parish Clerks of London used annually to per- 
 form sacred plays. Among the former residents of the 
 green was a notorious astrologer and fortune-teller, in the 
 time of Charles II. named Jack Adams, or ''Jacko Cunning- 
 manissimo.'"' 
 
 Northampton House, was formerly a residence of the 
 Comptons, Earls of Northampton; and previous to 1802, 
 was a private lunatic asylum, in which the celebrated Bro- 
 thers, "the prophet," was confined. Its gardens are now 
 the site of Northampton Square. 
 
 Cobham Row marks the residence in the 15th cent, of 
 Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham, the first author as well 
 as the first religious martyr among our nobility. He was 
 hung in chains and then burnt in December 1417. 
 
 In Great Bath Street, Coldbath Fields, died, in 1772, the 
 " highly illuminated" Emanuel Swedenborg, founder of a 
 religious sect. 
 
 Bagnigge House is said to have been a residence of Nell 
 Gwynn, and afterwai'ds used as a public spa and place of 
 entertainment.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 47 
 
 Sadler's JVells Theatre, about 1780, was famous for its 
 pantomimes, admirably supported "by that truly excellent 
 master of dumb show, Signor Grimaldi," father and grand- 
 father of the two celebrated Grimaldis. Here was first in- 
 troduced, in 1804, the novelty of real water on the 
 stage. 
 
 The Three Hats, near Islington turnpike, but in this 
 parish, was formerly a well known place of resort. Maw- 
 worm, in Bickerstaffe's comedy of "The Hypocrite," says 
 " Till I went after him (Dr. Cantwell) I was always a rov- 
 ing after fantastical delights. I used to go, every Sunday 
 evening, to the Three Hats at Islington ! it 's a public 
 house ! Mayhap your ladyship may know it? " 
 
 In JVinchester Place, Pentonville, resided for 15 years, 
 " the rapacious and wicked old miser " Thomas Cooke, who 
 died in White Lion Street in 1811, in his 87th year. 
 
 Near John Street, at a house called Hermes Hill, resided 
 Dr. de Valangin, a pupil of the celebrated Boerhaave, and 
 discoverer of the Balsam of Life. Here afterwards, in 1811, 
 resided that remarkable man, William Huntington, S.S. 
 (sinner saved), religious enthusiast. 
 
 At COWLEY were buried, in 1733, Barton Booth, trage- 
 dian, the original performer of Addison's Cato ; on which 
 occasion Lord Bolingbroke presented him, from the stage 
 box, the sum of 50 guineas, an example which was im- 
 mediately followed by that nobleman's political opponents ; 
 Hester, his widow, actress and dancer, 1773 ; and John 
 Lightfoot, divine and botanist, 1788. 
 
 In CRANFORD were buried, in 1661, its rector Thomas 
 Fuller, D.D. royalist, ecclesiastical historian, and author 
 of the " Worthies of England," and other works abound- 
 ing with learning, intelligence, and playful wit ; his me- 
 mory was so excellent, that he could repeat 500 strange and
 
 48 COUNTY HI8T0RV MIDDLESEX. 
 
 unconnected words after twice hearing ; and Sir Charles 
 Scarborough, phjsician, 1693. 
 
 The philosophic John Wilkins, one of the founders 
 of the Royal Society, and afterwards Bishop of Chester, 
 was rector here. 
 
 EALING was the vicarage of Thomas Gilbert, the first 
 minister ejected after the Restoration, and of William Be- 
 veridge, afterwards Bp. of St. Asaph. 
 
 Here were buried old Sir John Maynard, King's Serjeant, 
 1690; John Oldmixon, historian 1742; Dr. William King, 
 principal of St. Mary's hall, Oxford, scholar and politician, 
 1764; Elizabeth Piatt, aged 100, 1772; Robert Orme, 
 historian of the East Indies, 1801 ; Sir Frederick Morton 
 Eden, author of "The State of the Poor," 1809; John 
 Plorne Tooke, philologist and politician, 1812. 
 
 Residents: At Gunnersbury, Sir Thomas Meautys, the 
 Secretary of Lord Bacon ; Princess Amelia, aunt to King 
 George the Third. 
 
 At Pitshanger, Thomas Edwards, author of "Carons of 
 Criticism." 
 
 At Ealing Grove, Joseph Gulston, print collector. 
 
 At Castle-hill, General Elliot, defender of Gibraltar, 
 afterwards Lord Heathfield ; Mrs. Fitzherbert ; and Ed- 
 ward Duke of Kent. 
 
 At Fordhook, Henry Fielding, novelist, who died 
 1754. 
 
 At Little Ealing, Zachary Pearce, Bp. of Rochester, who 
 died there 1/74. 
 
 At Old Brentford, Mrs. Trimmer, a useful and pious 
 writer for juvenile instruction, who died 1810. 
 
 At Elm grove, formerly called Hickes-on the-Heath, Sir 
 William Trumbull, Secretary of State, and friend of Pope ; 
 Dr. John Egerton, Bp. of Norwich ; and the Right Hon.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 49 
 
 Spencer Perceval, assassinated by Bellingham at the 
 door of the House of Commons, 1812. 
 
 At Ealing, William Fleetwood, Recorder of London ; 
 Dr. John Owen, independent, who died here 1683; and 
 Peter Francis le Courayer, French catholic divine, supporter 
 of Church of England, who died 1776. 
 
 EDGVVARE. The Lord of the manor used to provide a 
 piper or minstrel for the diversion of the tenants while em- 
 ployed in his service. In 1552 the inhabitants were pre- 
 sented for not having a tumbrel and cucking-stool. 
 
 Edgware was the curacy of Francis Coventry, author of 
 *' Pompey the Little," and Thomas Martyn, professor of 
 Botany. 
 
 EDMONTON. At Arnolds, Southgate, is a staircase 
 painted by Lanscroon, a pUpil of Verrio, 1723, representing 
 the triumphal entry of Julius Caesar into Rome, and his 
 subsequent apotheosis. 
 
 At Bury Hall resided the regicide President Bradshaw, 
 whose arms are over the chimney-piece in the dining room. 
 
 In Bush Hill House is the fine piece of carving, the 
 stoning of St. Stephen, by Grinling Gibbons, the merit of 
 which obtained for the artist an introduction to Charles II. 
 by Evelyn, and the commendation of Sir Peter Lely. 
 
 At Pi/inmes, now demolished, resided the great Cecil 
 Lord Burleigh, Lord High Treasurer ; and afterwards his 
 son, Sir Robert Cecil, 
 
 At the Rectory House resided the great Abp. Tillotson. 
 
 The Bell Inn, has acquired much celebrity from the 
 poetic tale of " John Gilpin," by Cowper. A painting of the 
 incident is exhibited outside the house. 
 
 In the workhouse died in October 1799, Mary Gillet, 
 aged 100 years. 
 
 The Vicarage was possessed by Dr. Henry Owen, the 
 author of " Critica Sacra," between the years 1776 and 
 17'95, when he died, aged 80 years. e
 
 50 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Peter Fabell, who was buried in the church in the time 
 of Henry the Seventh, is the supposed original of " The 
 Merry Devil of Edmonton," whose merry pranks were pub- 
 lished in a scarce tract under that title, (reprinted in 1820,) 
 and dramatised by Michael Drayton. 
 
 " The Witch of Edmonton," a trag'edy, published in 
 1658, was founded on the history of Elizabeth Sawyer, or 
 "Mother Sawyer," as she was called, who was executed as 
 a witch in 1G21. 
 
 In the Church were buried, Thomas Gill, physician, 
 1714; Charles Molloy, dramatist, 1767 ; James Barclay, 
 poet, whose father, author of the Dictionary, was curate 
 here in 1771 ; and James Vere, benefactor and author, 
 1779. 
 
 In the Churchyard was formerly a head-stone to one Wil- 
 liam Newberry, ostler, who is said to have lost his life in 
 consequence of some improper medicines administered by an 
 ignorant fellow-servant. The epitaph was as follows : 
 " Hie jacet Newberry Will, 
 Vitam finivit cum Cochise Pill; 
 Quis administravit ? Bellamy Sue ; 
 Quantum quantitat? nescio scisnetu? 
 Ne sutor ultra crepidam." 
 
 In the Burial-ground of the Society of Friends at Winch- 
 more Hill, lie the remains of the celebrated physician. Dr. 
 John Fothergill. 
 
 At the Independent Chapel, then used by the Presbyte- 
 rians, the celebrated Dr. Price began his ministry in 1744. 
 
 ENFIELD was the residence of Edward VI. and Elizabeth 
 in their childhood. Edward kept his court here immediately 
 after his accession, and Elizabeth frequently visited it when 
 Queen. 
 
 At Elsynge Hall resided the patron of Caxton, Tiptoft, 
 Earl of Worcester, Lord High Treasurer, whose mother
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 51 
 
 Joyce died here in 1446, and is buried under a stately monu- 
 ment in the church; Sir Thomas Lovell, K.G. Treasurer of 
 the Household, who died here 1524; and Philip Herbert, 
 Earl of Pembroke, who condescended to accept a seat in 
 Cromwell's House of Commons. 
 
 South Lodge, Enfield Chase, was left by will to William 
 Pitt, afterwards Earl of Chatham, with a sum of 10,000. 
 He observed that he should spend the money in alterations 
 and imj)rovements, and then grow tired of the place. He 
 laid out the pleasure grounds at great expense, resided here 
 a few years, and disposed of it. 
 
 East Lodge was a hunting-seat of Charles I., and the re- 
 sidence of Lord Chancellor Loughborough. 
 
 Jf'est Lodge, of Henry Coventry, Secretary of State to 
 Charles 11. 
 
 By Enfield JVash stands the cottage, now occupied b}' 
 Green the baker, to which Elizabeth Canning, a servant 
 girl of about 18 years old, swore that she was conveyed by 
 two men in January 1753, and, having been robbed by 
 Mary Squires a gipsy, after a confinement of a month, 
 escaped out of the window. On this evidence Squires was 
 sentenced to death ; and Susanna Wells, the occupier of the 
 cottage, to imprisonment ; but through the exertions of Sir 
 Crisp Gascoigne, Lord Mayor, Canning, after a trial of 
 seven days, was convicted of perjury, and transported for 
 seven years ; whilst Squires and Wells were discharged. 
 Canning was allowed to transport herself to America, where 
 she formed an advantageous matrimonial alliance witli a 
 planter, and died there in 1773. Ibis afi"air excited the 
 greatest interest ; and Lysons has enumerated 36 pamphlets 
 and 14 prints published on the occasion ; the respective 
 parties being termed Canningites and Egyptians. 
 
 In the house now occupied by Mr. May as a boarding 
 school, are to be found all that remains of the old palace.
 
 52 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Here resided Dr. Uvedale, the botanist, in honour of whom 
 the plant Uvedalia is so named. He had a very curious 
 g-arden here with the choicest exotics then in Eng-land ; 
 and here he planted a Cedar of Libanus, noticed under the 
 head of " Natural Curiosities, " which though muti- 
 lated is still an interesting object. The Dr. was Master of 
 the Grammar School, and was buried in the church in 1722. 
 
 The old Durants House, or Durance Harbour, was a re* 
 sidence of the infamous I^ord Chancellor Jeffries ; and ac- 
 cording to popular imagination the scene of " much bloody 
 work." The old barns and moat remain, and surround a 
 modern house. 
 
 Forfp Hall was built by Inigo Jones. It contains many 
 very valuable paintings. 
 
 The old JF/iite JVebbs House was a house of the Gun- 
 powder Plot Conspirators. Here they abided between the 
 intervals of the last prorogation of Parliament. 
 
 Trent Place was the residence of Sir Richard Jebb, phy- 
 sician to George the Third, who conferred on him the 
 honour of a baronetcy, and bestowed the title of Trent 
 Place to his estate in commemoration of his successful 
 attendance on the Duke of Gloucester when dangerously ill 
 at Trent. The place called Camlet Moats, in the grounds, 
 WHS the occasional lurking place of the notorious robber 
 Turpin. 
 
 At the upper end of Baker Street resided Richard Gough, 
 antiquary, author of the "Sepulchral Monuments," and 
 editor of" Camden." He died there in 1809, and his widow 
 in 1833. 
 
 Other eminent inhabitants were Edmund Calamj', non- 
 conformist, who died here 1666 ; George Wharton, astro- 
 loger, died here 1681 ; Sir Richard Jebb, physician ; and 
 William Saunders, physician, died here 1817. 
 
 Enfield, during the last century, renowned for beautiful
 
 MISCBLLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 53r. 
 
 women. Some lines on this subject were written by Mr. H. 
 Baker in 17^5, and are reprinted in Dr. Robinson's History 
 of the parish. 
 
 In the Church are many old and interesting monu- 
 ments. 
 
 In the Churchyard was buried Thomas Hills Everitt, 
 aged 15 months, who, at the age of 11 months, weighed be- 
 tween 9 and 10 stone, was 3 feet 3 inches high, measured 
 3 feet 1 inch round the loins, and round the wrist 9 inches ; 
 had many teeth and a fine head of hair. 
 
 Here were buried William, Robert, and Margaret Deane, 
 the first persons executed under the Coventry Act, 1667; 
 John Truss, aged 112, 1723; and Susanna Wells, above 
 mentioned, 1763. 
 
 At FELTHAM was buried William Wynne Ryland, 
 engraver, executed for forgery, 1783. 
 
 FINCH LEY was the rectory of John de Feckenham, last 
 abbot of Westminster ; William Coton, Bp. of Exeter ; John 
 Bancroft, Bp. of Oxford ; and John Barkham, real author 
 of " Guillim's Heraldry." 
 
 Here were buried Sir Thomas Frowick, Chief Justice, 
 1506 ; Charles Lilly, perfumer, noticed in the Tatler, Nos. 
 92, 94, 101, 103, and 250, in the Spectator, Nos. 16 and 
 358, and Guardian, No. 64, 1746; Anne Maynard, aged 
 112, 1756 ; and "honest Tom Payne," one of the most emi- 
 nent booksellers of this country, 1799. 
 
 Hogarth's "March to Finchley" represents the com- 
 mencement of the march of the Guards towards Scotland 
 in 1745. The scene is laid at Tottenham Court Turnpike, 
 the King's Head, Adam and Eve, &c. 
 
 FRIARN BARNETwasthe residence of Chief Justice 
 Sir John Popham. 
 
 FULHAM was the rectory of Richard Hill, Bp. of Lon- 
 don, 1407; Henry King, Bp. of Chichester, 1641 ; Thomas
 
 54 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Howell, Bp. of Bristol ; and Dr. Michael Lort, antiquary. 
 The vicarag-e of Adoniram Byfield (1649), celebrated by 
 name by Butler; and DennisonCuinberland(1757) afterwards 
 Bp. of Kilmore. 
 
 In the Church are monuments of Sir William Butts, phy- 
 sician to Henry VHT., celebrated by Shakespeare, 1545 ; Sir 
 Thomas Smith, statesman and scholar, 1609; John Vis- 
 count Mordaunt (by Bushnel and Bird, cost 400) 1675; 
 a plaitt black stone to Humphrey Henchman, Bp. of Lon- 
 don, 1675; Dorothy Lady Clarke, (by Grinling- Gibbons, 
 cost 300) 1695; her 2d husband. Dr. Barrow, physician 
 to Charles II. 1682; and a tablet for Beilby Porteus, 
 Bp. of London, 1809. 
 
 In the Churchyard are tombs of the Bishops of London, 
 Henry Compton, 1713; John Robinson, 1723; Edmund 
 Gibson (who has a cenotaph in the church), 1748; Tho- 
 mas Sherlock, 1761 ; Thomas Hayter, 1762; Richard Ter- 
 rick, 1777; Robert Lowth, 1787; and John Randolph, 
 1813. In Fulham were also buried, Sir Sampson Norton, 
 master of the ordnance to Henry VIII,, 1517 ; John Tarn- 
 worth, statesman, 1569; John Florio, translator of Mon- 
 taigne, 1625 ; Sir Francis Child, Lord Mayor in 1699, 
 1713; Richard Fiddes, biographer of Wolsey, 1725; 
 Christopher Wilson, Bp. of Bristol, 1792 ; William Cado- 
 gan, physician, 1797; and Granville Sharp, philanthropist 
 and scholar, 1813. 
 
 Fulham palace contains some finely painted g'lass, and 
 numerous portraits of its prelates. In it died Walter de 
 Grey, Abp. of York, 1255 ; and the Bishops of London, 
 Richard de Gravesend, 1303; John Aylmer, 1594; Comp- 
 ton, 1713, aged 81 ; Robinson; and Lowth. A large chair 
 in the shrubbery, in which the ferocious Bonner used to 
 sit in judgment, is the subject of a pleasing little poem by
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 55 
 
 Mrs. Hannah More. In the palace garden, the Tamarisk 
 was first planted ; being introduced by Bp. Grindall, iu 
 1560, from Switzerland. Many new plants from North 
 America were introduced here by Bp. Compton. In 1683 
 the first Cedar of Libanus was planted here. 
 
 Sandford Manor House was a residence of Nell Gwynn. 
 The walnut trees in front are said to have been planted by 
 royal hands. 
 
 At Sandy End resided Addison the poet and essayist. 
 
 Mustow or Munster House was once a hunting seat of 
 King Charles II. 
 
 At Peterborough House resided Charles Mordaunt, Earl 
 of Peterborough, "Mordanto fills the trump of fame," sailor, 
 soldier, orator, and statesman, who died in 1735; and his 
 second wife the celebrated Mrs. Anastatia Robinson, an 
 opera singer, who died in 1750. 
 
 At Parsons Green resided Admiral Sir Charles Wager, 
 who died at Stanley House, Chelsea, 1743; Jeffrey Ekins, 
 Dean of Carlisle, translator of Apollonius Rhodius, who 
 died 1791 ; Sir Thomas Bodley, founder of the library at 
 Oxford, between 1605 and 1609 ; Chief Justice Sir John 
 Vaughan, to whose house here the great Lord Bacon re- 
 tired when in disgrace, 1611; Chief Justice Sir Edward 
 Saunders. 1682, in a house subsequently occupied by Mr. 
 Samuel Richardson the novelist, on a visit to whom in 
 1757 Thomas Edwards, author of " Canons of Criticism," 
 died here. 
 
 At JVorth End, the novelist Richardson resided and wrote 
 his " Clarissa Harlowe," and ' Sir Charles Grandison." 
 He removed hence to Parson's Green. Jacob Tonson, the 
 bookseller, had a house for some time in this hamlet. He 
 was Secretary to the Kit Kat Club, and died in 1735, aged 
 80. Foote, the comedian, had a house here for many
 
 56 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 years; and opposite to it was the house of Bartolozzi the 
 engraver. 
 
 At South Field Farm, near Parson's Green, the first pine 
 strawberry and Chinese strawberry, and also the first Auri- 
 cula, were grown. Mr. Rencli the proprietor instituted here 
 the first annual exhibition of flowers ever known. His son, 
 who died in 1783, introduced the moss-rose tree into this 
 country from Holland. 
 
 Other inhabitants of Fulham were Chief Justice Sir Ed- 
 ward Saunders ; George Hickman, Bp. of Londonderry, 
 who died here 1713; the topographer Norden, who died 
 1624 ; and the naturalist Catesby. 
 
 GREENFORD MAGNA was the rectory of John de 
 Feckenham, last Abbot of Westminster; and Edward Terry, 
 Eastern Traveller, buried here 1660. 
 
 In GREENFORD PARVA, or PERIVALE, was 
 buried Philip Fletcher, Dean of Kildare, poet, 1765. 
 
 In HACKNEY were buried Christopher Urswick, its 
 rector. Dean of Windsor, statesman, 1521 ; Henry Percy, 
 Earl of Northumberland, K. G. who arrested Cardinal Wol- 
 sey, 1537 ; Edward de Vere, Earl of Oxford, K.G. warrior 
 and poet, 1604; Anthony, a poor old Negro, aged 105, 
 1630; David Doulben, its vicar, Bp. of Bangor, 1633; 
 Owen Rowe, regicide, and Susanna Perwich, musician, 
 1661; Anne Pitts of Balmes, aged 105, 1664-5; William 
 Spurstowe, its vicar, one of the authors of" Smectymnuus," 
 1666 ; John Worthington, its lecturer, editor of Mede's 
 works, 1671 ; Timothy Hall, Bp. of Oxford, 1690 ; William 
 Bates, nonconformist, author of " Harmony of the Attri- 
 butes," 1699: Robert Fleming, nonconformist, author of 
 " Christology," 1716 ; Peter Newcome, its vicar, author of 
 Catechetical sermons, 1738; Richard Newcome, Bp. of St. 
 Asaph, 1769 ; Joseph Egleton, aged 108, 1781 ; Francis 
 Xavier de Oliveyra, Protestant proselyte and author, 1783;
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 57 
 
 Mary Wood, aged 104, 1796; and Ebenezer Radcliffe, dis- 
 senting minister, 1809. 
 
 Of this church was rector, Richard Sampson, Bp. of 
 Lichfield and Coventry ; Vicars, Gilbert Sheldon, Abp. 
 of Canterbury, and Calybute Downing-, Parliamentarian 
 divine, who died here 1644; Lecturer, John Strype, anti- 
 quary, who died here 1737. 
 
 Of the old Dissenting meeting-house were pastors, Philip 
 Nye, and Adoniram Byfield of Hudibrastic celebrity; Dr. 
 William Bates, before mentioned; and Dr. Matthew Henry, 
 biblical commentator. 
 
 Of the New, or Gravel-pit meeting. Dr. Richard Price, 
 the calculator, who died here 1791 ; and Dr. Joseph Priest- 
 ley, who, previously to his departure for America, preached 
 his farewell sermon here, March 30, 1794. 
 
 Here, in 1637, Thomas Fairfax, afterwards the famous 
 Parliamentarian General, was married to Anne daughter of 
 Lord Vere. 
 
 Here were educated Catharine Phillips, generally known 
 as " Orinda," and the brother dramatists Benjamin and 
 John Hoadly. 
 
 Other inhabitants: Cecilia, the learned daughter of Sir 
 Thomas More, wife of Giles Heron of Shacklewell, Esq. ; 
 Offspring Blackall, Bp. of Exeter; Thomas Wood, Bp. of 
 Lichfield and Coventry, founder of Hackney alms-houses ; 
 Lord Brooke, Parliamentarian general, slain at Lichfield ; 
 Sir Julius Caesar, Master of the Rolls ; Colonel Okey, regi- 
 cide ; Sir Thomas Vyner, Lord Mayor, the first knight 
 made after the Restoration, who died here 1665 ; Daniel De 
 Foe, author of " Robinson Crusoe;" Dr. Bernard Mande- 
 ville, author of "The Fable of the Bees," who died here 
 1733; and John Ward, the usurer, celebrated by Pope, in 
 the quaternion, 
 
 " To Ward, to Waters, Chartres, and the Devil."
 
 58 
 
 COUNTT HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Here died, in 1743, Mrs. Dowse, the Sexton, aged 100; 
 Rev. Mr. Pratt, aged 102, 1771 ; Zacliary Abingdon, aged 
 103, 1774 ; Mrs. Jane Davis, aged 113, 1777. In 1810 was 
 living and receiving parochial relief, aged 103, Mary Thorn- 
 bury. 
 
 At HADLEY were buried its native Sir William Stam- 
 ford, Judge, 1558; Sir Roger Wilbraham, Master of Re- 
 quests (monument by Nicholas Stone, cost 80), 1616; 
 John Monro, physician, eminent in cases of insanity, 1792; 
 Mrs, Hester Chapone, belles-lettres writer, 1801 ; Rev. 
 David Garrow, father of the late Baron of the Exche- 
 quer (monument by Bacon), 1805. 
 
 John Booker, astrologer, was a writing master here. 
 
 An iron beacon still remains on the top of the church tower. 
 
 HAMMERSMITH was a chapelry of Fulham until 1834, 
 when it was constituted a distinct parish. At Fairluwn 
 House Dr. Charles Burney, the profound Grecian, kept a 
 school and removed thence to Greenwich. 
 
 The Nunnery, near the Broadway, was established by 
 Mrs. Bedingfeld about 1685. The buildings are very ex- 
 tensive, and contain some good pictures, and an antient 
 wooden cross. The fine organ formerly belonged to Dr. 
 Boyce. Cardinal Weld was private chaplain here from 1824 
 to 1829. lu it is a school for educating daughters of Ca- 
 tholic nobility and gentry. 
 
 Of the Independent Chapel, the celebrated preacher. Dr. 
 Thomas Raffles, was minister. 
 
 At Lee's JVursery, in 1787, vvas seen the first China rose. 
 
 At the Chancellor's, the residence of John Bowycr 
 Nichols, esq. the proprietor of the Gentleman's Magazine, is 
 a remarkably fine Gleditschia Triachanthos, one of the finest 
 in England. In the grounds is an elegant pavilion of stone, 
 erected by Lord Melcombe ; and in it, and the house, are a 
 number of curious antiquities, and many of the produc- 
 tions of Hogarth.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 59 
 
 Brandenburgh House was built by the loyal Sir Nicholas 
 Crispe. His nephew sold it to Prince Rupert, who gave it 
 to his mistress the much admired Mrs. Margaret Hughes, 
 one of the first who acted in female characters after they 
 ceased to be performed by men. The celebrated Bubb Dod- 
 dington, afterwards Lord Melcombe, resided and died here, 
 1762. The Margrave of Brandenburgh Anspach became its 
 possessor, and his celebrated Margravine much improved it. 
 It was lastly the residence of the ill-fated Queen Caroline, 
 who here ended a life of disappointment and misery on 
 the 7th of August 1821. 
 
 The enchanting singer Mrs. Billington resided in a villa 
 near Brandenburgh House, called Sussex House, now the 
 residence of Mrs. Copland. 
 
 On the Lower Mall is the Dove CoflFee House, where the 
 poet Thomson wrote the greater part of his " Winter." 
 
 On the Upper Mall, Catharine, dowager queen of 
 Charles II. resided for several summers. The same house 
 became the residence of Dr. Kadcliife, physician, and founder 
 of the Radcliffe Library, Oxford. Sir Leoline Jenkins, 
 civilian, died at his house on the Mall in 1704. 
 
 On Hammersmith Terrace resided the dramatist, Arthur 
 Murphy, who died at Knightsbridge in 1805, and was 
 buried in Hammersmith Church. At No. 13 resided Philip 
 James de Loutherbourgh, painter, and here he died in 1812; 
 and at No. 15, Sir Clifton Wintringham, hart, physician, 
 who died in 1794. 
 
 On Theresa Terrace, resided a few years, James Elphin- 
 stone, author on philology, and friend of Dr. Johnson. He 
 died here in 1809, and was buried at Kensington. 
 
 At Ravenscourt Park resided Alice Perers, "Lady of 
 the Sun," the beautiful favourite of Edward III. 
 
 At Palingswick Green, is an antient Manor House, said 
 to have been a hunting seat of Edward III. In it is the 
 crest of Edward the Black Prince carved in oak, the preser-
 
 60 COUNTY HISTORY 3IIDDLESEX* 
 
 vation of which is especially provided for by the covenants 
 of the original lease. 
 
 At Kensal Green is an antieut cottage, formerly an inn, 
 where the painter Morland spent much of his time towards 
 the close of his life. 
 
 At Hammersmith died in 1723, Fortune Symons, aged 
 HI ; in 1776, Sarah Seekins, aged 104; in 1779, Martha 
 Coxe, aged 105 ; in 1788, in the workhouse, Judith 
 Thresher, aged 104; in Queen Street, in 1833, Mrs. Eli- 
 zabeth Aberdien (the last descendant of the family of Caesar 
 Adelmar), aged 102 ; and in King Street, in 1836, Samuel 
 Groves, aged 101. 
 
 In the Church is a bronze bust of Charles I. under 
 which, in a marble urn, is the heart of the loyal donor. 
 Sir Nicholas Crispe; who invented the present mode of 
 making bricks, which were first used in building Bran- 
 denburgh house. 
 
 Here were buried Sir Samuel Morland, mechanic, inventor 
 of the speaking-trumpet, 1696; ^yilliam Lloyd, the deprived 
 Bp. of Norwicli, 1708 ; William Sheridan, Bp. of Kilmore, 
 1711 ; Sir William Meadows, diplomatist, 1718 ; George 
 Bubb Doddington, Lord Alelcombe, complimented by 
 Young and Thomson, and celebrated for his wit, 1762; 
 Thomas Worlidge, artist, 1766, who lived at Lee's Nursery; 
 Hon. James Robert Talbot, Roman Catholic Bp. of Birtha, 
 1790; Arthur Murphy, dramatist, 1805 ; Sir Elijah Impey, 
 Chief Justice at Calcutta, 1809; and the celebrated French 
 royalist General Count de Puisaye, 1827, who died at Blithe 
 House. 
 
 In HAMPSTEAD were buried Thomas Jevon and 
 Christopher Bullock, comedians and dramatists, 1688 and 
 1722; George Sewell,poet and physician, 1726; James Pitt, 
 political writer, the "Mother Osborne" of Pope, 1763; 
 William Popple, dramatist, 1764; James Mac Ardell and
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 61 
 
 Charles Spooner, mezzotinto engravers, 1765 and 1767 ; Dr. 
 Anthony Askew, bibliographer and physician, 1774; James 
 Pettit Andrews, historian, 1797; Frances, wife of the great 
 Lord Erskine (monument by Bacon) 1809 ; and Dorothea, 
 the mother of Miss Joanna Baillie, dramatist of the Pas- 
 sions, who still reside at Hampstead. 
 
 Branch Hill Lodge was the seat of Lord Chancellor Mac- 
 clesfield ; Rosslyn House, of Lord Chancellor Lough- 
 borough. 
 
 At the Upper Flask Inn, on Hampstead Hill, were held 
 the summer meetings of the Kit Cat Club ; this house after- 
 wards became the seat of George Steevens, whose fourth 
 edition of Shakespeare was revised here, and who died here 
 1800. 
 
 At the Chicken House in early life lodged Murray, after- 
 wards Lord Chief Justice Mansfield ; and in it died 
 Samuel Gale, antiquary, 1754. 
 
 At Frognall lodged together the famous actors, Booth, 
 Wilkes, and Cibber. Here Dr. Johnson took lodgings for 
 his wife in 1748, and thither himself occasionally resorted. 
 He here composed his " Canity of Human Irishes, in 
 imitation of the 10th satire of Juvenal." In this hamlet 
 died Lord Alvanley, Chief Justice of the Pleas, 1804. 
 
 On Hamrstock Hill was the residence of Sir Charles Sed- 
 lev, wit and poet, who died there 1721 ; and the same house 
 was occupied in 1712 by Sir Richard Steele. 
 
 In Hampstead resided Sir Henry Vane, republican, who 
 was here seized and conveyed to the Tower, and in the same 
 house, Joseph Butler, Bp. of Durham, author of the 
 "Analogy;" John Wylde, Lord Chief Baron, who died 
 here 1697 ; Dean Sherlock, author on Death, who died here 
 1707; Thomas Rowe, biographer, (husband of the pious 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Rowe,) who died here 1715; Arthur Mayn- 
 waring, author of the Medley ; Gay and Arbuthnot,
 
 62 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 who had lodgings here for the benefit of their health ; Mark 
 Akenside, who practised as a physician here. 
 
 On the Heath the elections for the county were held pre- 
 vious to I7OO-I, when they were removed to Brentford. 
 
 "Hampstead Heath" is the title of a comedy by Thomas 
 Baker. 
 
 Belsize was the residence of Armigal Waad, voyager, and 
 reputed discoverer of America, who died 1568, and was 
 buried in the church ; and his son, Sir Wm. Waad, Lieu- 
 tenant of the Tower, who died 1623. Belsize house was a 
 celebrated place of public entertainment for nearly 30 years 
 previous to 1745, and afterwards the residence of Spencer 
 Perceval, statesman, assassinated 1812. 
 
 At Primrose Hill was discovered the body of Sir Edmond- 
 bury Godfrey, whose murder has been justly termed " one 
 of the most mysterious parts of the machinery of the Popish 
 plot." 
 
 Sion Chapel was formerly a noted place, where a clergy- 
 man attended and married for nothing those who ordered 
 their wedding dinner at the Weils tea-gardens. 
 
 On the hill above Ken Wood, resided the late eminent 
 Lord Erskine, " whose splendid career at the English Bar is 
 familiar to the whole nation." 
 
 At Hampstead died, in 1783, Miss West, the notorious 
 female pickpocket and accomplice of Barrington ; for many 
 years celebrated by the appellation of the modern Jenny 
 Diver. She bequeathed 3000 to her two children. 
 
 Here died, April 16, 1736, Andrew Pitt, eminent Quaker, 
 ** who inherited many virtues and wanted every vice." 
 
 HAMPTON was the vicarage of Samuel Croxall, author 
 of the " Fair Circassian," and editor of ^sop"s Fables. 
 
 Here was buried Richard Tickell, political writer, author 
 of " Anticipation," 1793.
 
 BIISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 63 
 
 Near Hampton was the seat of Edward Lovibond, poet, 
 author of "Tears of Old May Day," who died here 1775. 
 
 At Hampton Wick resided Sir Richard Steele, at a 
 house built by himself, and called the "hovel;" at Bushy 
 Park the premier, Lord North ; and the Duke of Clarence, 
 afterwards William IV.; at Hampton House David Gar- 
 rick, who erected here a temple in honour of Shakespeare, 
 with a statue by Roubiliac, now in the British Museum. 
 
 HAMPTON COURT is the largest of all the palaces ; 
 and has been described by Grotius as " a residence for the 
 Gods." It was built by Cardinal Wolsey, and presented by 
 him to Henry VIII. Here Cardinal Wolsey lived in more 
 than regal state ; had 280 silk beds for visitors, and main- 
 tained nearly 1000 servants, including' lords, knights, and 
 squires. It subsequently became the occasional residence 
 of our Sovereigns till the time of George III. Queen 
 Jane Seymour died here October 14, after giving birth 
 to Edward Vl. ; and here the ill-fated Katharine Howard, 
 and Katharine Parr, were first received as Henry's queens. 
 Queen Mary and Philip of Spain passed their honey-moon 
 at Hampton Court ; Elizabeth kept her Christmas here in 
 1572 and 1593; James had a festival here which lasted 14 
 days; his queen, Anne of Denmark, died here in 1618; and 
 Charles the First spent his honey-moon here, and also some 
 of his latter days as a prisoner. The oratory in which he is 
 supposed to have offered up his devotions during his con- 
 finement, is "now too probably the receptacle of pickles 
 and preserves." Oliver Cromwell occasionally resided here ; 
 and here his third daughter Mary was married, Nov. 18, 
 1657, to Lord Falconbridge ; and his favourite daughter 
 Elizabeth, Mrs. Claypole, died here Aug. 6, 1658. Crom- 
 well was also attacked with his last illness here. On the 
 Restoration it was given to George Monk, Duke of Albe- 
 marle ; and Charles the Second's queen was brought hither
 
 64 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 on her arrival. James II. here received the Pope's Nuncio, 
 and the canopy under which the reception took place is still 
 to be seen. 
 
 Hampton Court was the scene of Pope's Rape of the 
 Lock. 
 
 The Eastern front, 330 feet long, and the southern, 328 
 feet, were added by William III. and Sir Christopher Wren 
 was the architect. 
 
 The remains of Wolsey's palace, which had 1500 rooms, 
 consist of the first and second quadrangles. 
 
 Wolsey's Hall is 106 feet in length and 40 in breadth, and 
 the roof is beautifully carved. Upon or,e of the panes of glass 
 of the great window, Henry Howard, the poetical and 
 gallant Earl of Surrey, wrote some lines with a diamond 
 ring on the fair Geraldine, which excited the jealousy of 
 Henry VIII. and perhaps assisted in bringing the Earl to 
 the block in 1547. It is stated that the first play acted in 
 this hall was that of Henry VIII. or the Fall of Wolsey, 
 and that Shakespeare was one of the actors. 
 
 In Wolsey's withdrawing room are preserved some of the 
 original tapestrj' hangings, of which an account hai been 
 recently for the first time published, by Mr. Jesse, in his 
 " Summer's Day at Hampton Court." 
 
 In the middle Court is a curious astronomical clock, 
 which was put up in 1540; and in King William the Third's 
 bedroom is a clock that goes twelve months without wind- 
 ing up, made by the celebrated Daniel Quare. 
 
 One of the most curious pictures in the collection is a 
 portrait of Queen Elizabeth, when twelve years old, by 
 Holbein. 
 
 Among the numerous p^ntings, or.e room contains the 
 beauties of King Charles's Court, by Lely and Verelst ; 
 another room those of Queen Mary 1 1, and eight ladies of 
 her court, by Kneller; and a third constructed for the
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 65 
 
 purpose, holds the pictorial boast of Britain, Raffaele's seven 
 cartoons. On these cartoons Oliver Cromwell obtained a 
 loan of 50,000 from Holland. 
 
 Near the Stud House is a curiously shaped elm tree, called 
 King Charles's Swing. 
 
 The Vine is 1 10 feet long, and has generally from 2000 
 to 3000 bunches of grapes upon it. 
 
 In the Orangery is an orange myrtle, said to have been 
 brought to this country by William III., by whom th* 
 Wilderness and Maze were planted. 
 
 The public are freely admitted to see whatever is curious 
 or interesting within the walls and gardens of the palace. 
 
 The Toy Inn is said to have been built by Oliver Crom- 
 well as a dormitory for his round-head soldiers, not liking 
 to admit them into the palace. 
 
 At Hampton Court Green, Sir Christopher Wren passed 
 the latter part of his life. 
 
 HANWELL was the rectory of George Henry Glasse, 
 Greek scholar, who died in 1809. Here were buried Jane 
 Messenger, aged 101, 1741 ; Jonas Hanway, philanthro- 
 pist, 1786; John Dimond, blind teacher, 1807 
 
 In the register of Hanwell parish, Oct. 24, 1731, is men- 
 tion of a child being called " by the midwife, at the font, 
 a boy, and named by the godfather, Thomas, but proved 
 to be a girl." 
 
 HAN WORTH was the rectory of Adam de Brom, 
 founder of Oriel College, Oxford. Here was a small but 
 favourite palace of Henry VIII., in which his widow Katha- 
 rine Parr and her third husband, Sir Thomas Seymour, 
 Lord Admiral, with their ward Elizabeth, afterwards Queen, 
 frequently resided. It subsequently was the seat of Francis 
 Lord Cottington. 
 
 HAREFIELD Place, not now existing, was the 
 residence of Lord Chief Justice Sir Edward Anderson ; 
 
 /
 
 66 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Lord Keeper Egerton, Lord Eliesmere, and his wife 
 Alice Countess of Derby, who was complimented by Har- 
 rington in a poem on her marriage, by Spenser under the 
 name of Amaryllis, and by Milton, whose masque of " Ar- 
 cades " was first performed here before her in 1633. She 
 was buried in the church under a splendid monument in 
 1637. In this house also resided the loyal George Lord 
 Chandos, to whom the celebrated divine Dr. John Conant 
 (of whom it was said " Conanti nihil difficile ") was domes- 
 tic chaplain. It afterwards became the property of the New- 
 digates, who have splendid monuments in the church, among 
 which are those of Sir Richard, Lord Chief Justice, 1678; 
 Mary, wife of his son Sir Richard, the second baronet (by 
 Grinling Gibbons) 1692 ; and Sir Roger, the last baronet, 
 founder of the Newdigate prize, Oxford, 1806. In the 
 church was also buried its former curate John Prickett, 
 Bishop of Gloucester, 1680. 
 
 HARLINGTON was the rectory of John Kyte, Bishop 
 of Carlisle; and Joseph Trapp, translator of Virgil, buried 
 here (epitaph by himself), 1747. Dawley house was the 
 favourite retirement of Henry St. John, Viscount Bo- 
 lingbroke. 
 
 HARROW was an antient occasional residence of the 
 Archbishops of Canterbury. 
 
 It was the Rectory of Cuthbert Tonstall, Bishop of Dur- 
 ham ; and of William Bolton, the last Prior of St. Bartho- 
 lomew's, Sniiihfield. The present vicar is the Rev. J. W. 
 Cunningham, author of that extremely pleasing tale, "The 
 Velvet Cushion." 
 
 Here were buried Sir Arthur Atye, public orator at Ox- 
 ford, secretary to the Earl of Essex, 1604 ; Sir Samuel 
 Garth, poet and physician, 1719 ; Robert Sumner, head 
 master of its school (epitaph by Dr. ParrJ, 1771 ; and Wil- 
 liam Skcnelsby, aged 118, 1775. 
 
 Here were educated William Baxter, author of " Glossa-
 
 MI8CBLI.ANK0US OBSERVATIONS. 67 
 
 rium Antiquitatum ;" Sir William Jones; the late Mr. 
 Perceval, and Mr. Sheridan ; with Dr. Bennett, Bishop 
 of Cloyne, Dr. Samuel Parr (whose father was an apothe- 
 cary here), Marquis Hastings, Earls Spencer and Aberdeen, 
 Lord Byron, the Right Honourable Sir Robert Peel, and 
 the Honourable William Spencer. 
 
 HAYES was an antient occasional residence of the Arch- 
 bishops of Canterbury ; the rectory of Robert Wright, Bi- 
 shop of Lichfield and Coventry ; and Patrick Young. 
 Greek scholar, translator of Clement ; the vicarage of Henry 
 Gold, an accomplice of Elizabeth Barton, " the holy maid 
 of Kent," executed with her, 1534. 
 
 At HENDON were buried Sir William Rawlinson, com- 
 missioner of the great seal, 1703; Edward Fowler, Bishop 
 of Gloucester, 1714; Charles Johnson, dramatist, 1748; 
 James Parsons, physician, anatomist, and antiquary, 1770; 
 Edward Longraore, the "Herefordshire colossus," seven feet 
 sixinches high, 1777 ; Sir Joseph Ayloffe, antiquary, 1781; 
 Nathaniel Hone, painter, 1784; and Sarah Gundry (beau- 
 tiful epitaph), 1807 
 
 In the village resided John Norden, topographer ; at 
 Highwood-hill, Lord William Russell, previous to his arrest, 
 and Mrs. Porter, tragedian ; and at Mill-hill, Peter Col- 
 linson, the naturalist, who was visited here by Linnaeus, 
 who planted some trees in his garden. 
 
 At Hendon Place, was a banqueting-house of Queen 
 Elizabeth. It was recently the residence of the late Lord 
 Tenterden, Chief Justice of the King's Bench. 
 
 The inhabitants of Hendon are exempt from all tolls at 
 fairs, markets, high-ways, and bridges, by charter, granted 
 by Edward the Confessor, 1066, confirmed by several suc- 
 ceeding sovereigns, and finally by William and Mary 1692. 
 
 The Manor belonged to Garrick the actor, who gave a 
 piece of land for the School. 
 
 HESTON. Osterley-house was built in 1577 by that
 
 68 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 patriotic merchant Sir Thomas Gresham, who here en- 
 tertained Elizabeth most sumptuously. It vras afterwards 
 the residence of Sir Edward Coke, when attorney-gene- 
 ral ; the parliamentarian general Sir William Waller, till 
 his death in 1668 ; and the projector. Dr. Nicholas Barbon. 
 Osterley-house was rebuilt by Francis Child, Esq. about 1/60. 
 In HIGHGATE old chapel were buried, Sir Francis Pem- 
 berton. Chief Justice, 1699; Leffis Atterbury, divine, bro- 
 ther of the Bishop, 1731. 
 
 The great Lord Chancellor, Bacon, died at the Earl of 
 Arundel's house, in this town, April 19, 1626, and the 
 famous Dr. Henry Sacheverel at his own residence here 
 June 5, 1724. Here also resided Sir Richard Baker, author 
 of " Chronicles ;" Sir Henry Blount, traveller in Turkey ; 
 and Sir John Pettus, mineralog-ist. 
 
 The burlesque nugatory oath imposed on strangers at the 
 public-houses in this town is well known. 
 
 Here is a school, with a synagogue attached, for the chil- 
 dren of Jews. There are generally about 100 pupils. 
 
 Here was confined for some time the ill-fated Lady Ara- 
 bella Stuart, cousin of James I. in consequence of a stolen 
 marriage into which she had entered with Mr. Seymour, 
 afterwards Marquis of Hertford and Duke of Somerset. 
 
 At HILLINGDON was buried John Rich, patentee of 
 Covent Garden theatre, inventor of the English harlequin 
 (who resided at Cowley-grove), 1761. 
 
 At LOWER HOLLO WAY, Mrs. Foster, grand-daughter 
 of Milton the poet, kept a chandler's shop and died 175^ 
 aged 66. 
 
 At Upper Holloway is the " Mother Redcap " public 
 house, celebrated by Drunken Barnaby. 
 
 HORNSEY was the rectory of Thomas Westfield, after- 
 wards Bishop of Bristol ; Dr. Lewis Atterbury, brother of 
 the Bishop of Rochester ; and William Cole, the Cambridge 
 antiquary.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 69 
 
 In the church was buried Samuel Bucklej', editor of 
 Thuanus, 1741. 
 
 The learned Dr. Jolin Lightfoot composed part of his 
 Biblical criticisms in this village. 
 
 In HOUNSLOW chapel were buried Henry Eisynge, 
 writer on parliaments, 1654; and Whitlocke Bulstrode, au- 
 thor on transmigration, 17*24. 
 
 ISLEWORTH was the vicarage of John Hall, martyr, 
 1 535 ; Nicholas Byfield, Calvinistie commentator ; Dr. 
 William Cave, author of " Historia Literaria;" and of W. 
 Drake, a scholar and antiquary, who died 1801. 
 
 Here were buried, Anne Dash, foundress of alms-houses 
 (monument by Halfpenny, cost 500), 1750 ; Richard 
 Blyke, topographical collector for Herefordshire, 1775; 
 and its native, George Keate, poet, (monument by Nolle- 
 kens) 1797. 
 
 Here resided George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, original 
 grantee of Maryland ; Sir Ralph Winwood, author of 
 "Memorials;" Sir William Noy, Attorney-general; its 
 native, Dorothy Countess of Sunderland, the "Sacharissa" 
 of Waller; Samuel Clarke, biographer, who died here 1682; 
 Francis Willis, grammarian ; Charles Talbot, Duke of 
 Shrewsbury, who at the same time was Lord Chamberlain 
 of the Household, Lord High Treasurer of England, and 
 Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, died here 1718; the Duchess 
 of Kendal, mistress of George I. ; Pulteney, Earl of Bath, 
 the opponent of Walpole ; and the late right honourable 
 Richard Brinsley Sheridan. 
 
 Syon House was the residence of the Protector Seymour, 
 Duke of Somerset ; Dudley, Lord Guildford, and his accom- 
 plished and amiable wife, Lady Jane Grey; the children of 
 Charles I. under the care of Algernon Percy, tenth Earl of 
 Northumberland ; and Queen Anne, when only Princess of 
 Denmark. It was very much altered by Inigo Jones. In 
 the vestibule are twelve columns and sixteen pilasters of verd
 
 70 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 antique, a greater quantity of this beautiful marble than 
 in any other building in Europe ; cost 27,000. 
 
 ISLINGTON. Vicars, Meredith Hannier, chronicler of 
 Ireland ; and Dr. William Cave, author of " Historia Lite- 
 raria," buried here 1713 ; Lecturer, Robert Browne, founder 
 of the Brownists. 
 
 Here were interred Richard Cloudesley, benefactor to the 
 parish, 1517; Sir George VVharton and Sir James Stewart, 
 killed by each other in a duel, 1609 ; its native, Alice Lady 
 Owen, foundress of almshouses, 1613; John Shirley, bio- 
 grapher of Sir Walter Ralegh, 1679 ; William Baxter, 
 author of " Glossarium Antiquitatum," 1723 ; Samuel 
 Humphreys, poet, author of " Canons," 1737 ; John Black - 
 bourn. Bishop of the Nonjurors, editor of Bacon, 1741 ; 
 Robert Poole, institutor of the small-pox hospital in 1746, 
 1752; Hannah Carpenter, aged 103, 1752; Mary Hough- 
 ton, aged 102, 1758; Launcelot Dovvbiggen, architect of the 
 church in 1754, 1759 ; John Lindsey, nonjuring divine, 
 1768; Elizabeth Button, aged 105, 1772} Susanna Wood- 
 house, aged 101, 1778 ; John Hyacinth de Magelhaens, 
 mineralogist, and proselyte from Catholicism, 1790 ; Judith 
 Scott, aged 102, 1792; Elizabeth Robson, aged 103, 1793; 
 J. Donaldson, artist and author, 1801 ; Alexander Aubert, 
 who erected the observatory near Highbury-house (in which 
 was the largest reflecting telescope ever made by Short), 1 805 ; 
 its native, William Hawes, physician, founder of the Humane 
 Society, 1808. 
 
 In this town died John Bagford, typographical collector, 
 1716; Daniel DeFoe, author of " Robinson Crusoe," 1731 ; 
 Alexander Cruden, author of " Concordance," 1770; James 
 Burgh, author of "Political Disquisitions," and Nicholas 
 Robinson, physician, 1775; Joseph Collier, translator of 
 the " Messiah " and " Noah," (whose wife, translator of the 
 " Death of Abel," also resided here) 1776; Husband Mes- 
 siter, physician, 1785; Isaac Ritson, translator of "Hymn
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 71 
 
 lo Venus," 1789; W. Pitcairn, physician, 1791 ; George Mar- 
 riot, author of" Poems " and " Sermons," 1793 ; and Abra- 
 ham Newland, chief cashier of the Bank of Ensfland, 1807. 
 
 Colonel Okey, the regicide, was a drayman in a brew- 
 house here. 
 
 Samuel Clarke, Orientalist, and Ezekiel Tongue, Protes- 
 tant controversialist, were schoolmasters here. 
 
 At the Red Lion public-house in Islington road Thomas 
 Paine composed his "Rights of Man." 
 
 Canonbury House, rebuilt by William Bolton, the last 
 Prior of St. Bartholomew's, Smithfield, was the seat of " the 
 rich "' Sir John Spencer, Lord Mayor in 1593 ; and Lord 
 Keeper Coventry. In it lodged Samuel Humphreys, poet, 
 before-mentioned ; Ephraim Chambers, Cyclopsedist, who 
 died here 1740 ; Dr. Oliver Goldsmith ; and John 
 Newbery, author of excellent books for children. 
 
 Its history has been recorded by the late John Nichols, 
 Ihe learned and estimable Editor of the Gentleman's Maga- 
 zine, who was born (in 1745) in this village, and died at 
 Highbury place in 1826, and was interred in the old church- 
 yard. 
 
 At " Old Parr's Head " Henderson the player used to give 
 recitations previous to his regular engagement. 
 
 Of the prebendaries were Edward Stillingfleet, Bishop of 
 Worcester; and Archdeacon Nares. 
 
 Here was "Starvation farm," the farm of the execrable 
 Baron d'Aiguilar, a Portuguese Jew. 
 
 The Pied Bull Inn, traditionally said to have been the 
 residence of Sir Walter Ralegh. 
 
 In the fields the citizens used to amuse themselves with 
 every sort of sport and pastime ; and archery was particu- 
 larly enjoined by royal ordinance. The sports here have 
 been frequently alluded to in our early comedies, and several 
 have taken their titles hence. 
 
 The Barley Mow public house, Long lane, was once the
 
 72 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX, 
 
 temporary residence of the dissipated but great natural 
 genius George Morland. 
 
 The Duke's Head was kept hy Thomas Topham, " the 
 strong man," or second Sampson, 
 
 At KENSINGTON were buried John Bullingham, 
 Bishop of Gloucester, 1598; Henry Rich, Earl of Holland, 
 whose title gave name to his seat here, beheaded 1649; 
 its vicar, Thomas Hodges, Dean of Hereford, 1672 ; 
 Charles Goodall, M.D. president and historian of the 
 college of physicians, 1712; Charlotte, Countess of War- 
 wick, widow of Addison, 1731 ; Bernard Lens, miniature 
 painter, 1741 ; Richard Viscount Molesworth, field-marshal 
 (saved the Duke of Marlborough's life at Ramillies), 1758; 
 its vicar. Dr. John Jortin, biographer of Erasmus, 1770; 
 Martin Madan, author of "Thelyphthora," 1790; George 
 Colman, dramatist and essayist, 1794; Richard Warren, 
 physician, 1797 ; Samuel Pegge, author of *' Curialia," &c. 
 son of the antiquary, 1800; James Elphinstone, philologist, 
 1809; Major-general Sir William Ponsonby, slain at 
 Waterloo, 1815; the Right Honourable George Pon- 
 sonby, statesman, leader of the Opposition, 1817; and the 
 Rev. Thomas Rennells, vicar, 1824. 
 
 Here died Robert Nelson, author of " Fasts and Festi- 
 vals," 1714; and Robert Price, judge, learned lawyer, 1732. 
 
 Here resided Jiord Keeper Sir Orlando Bridgman; the 
 Parliamentarian General Lambert ; the brave William, first 
 Earl Craven ; Lord Chief Justice Pratt ; the traveller Sir 
 John Chardin. 
 
 At the entrance to Kensington, and nearly opposite the 
 palace gates, is a large red house, which was the residence 
 of the famous Duchess of Portsmouth, the French mistress 
 of Charles the Second. Here he supped the night before he 
 was seized with the illness of which he soon afterwards died. 
 
 The charity school was erected from designs by Sir Johu 
 Vanbrugh.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 73 
 
 The Palace was originally Nottingham House, built 
 by the Lord Chancellor Heneage Finch, Earl of Not- 
 tingham. It was the favourite residence of all our Sove- 
 reigns from the Revolution of 1688 to 1760. It was nearly 
 rebuilt by William III. by whom it was purchased, and his 
 consort Mary died here of the small pox. He himself, and 
 Queen Anne and her husband, George Prince of Denmark, 
 and George 11. also died here. The interesting collection of 
 historical portraits has been recently removed to Hampton 
 Court. The Duke of Sussex has an extensive library, par- 
 ticularly rich in biblical and theological works. The gar- 
 dens are the subject of a poem by Tickell. 
 
 Holland House was erected by Sir William Cope, a gentle- 
 man of King James's Court, by whom it was bequeathed to 
 his son-in-law Sir Henry Rich, afterwards Earl of Holland, 
 courtier, and parliamentarian, who was beheaded as a loyal- 
 ist 1649, and lies buried in Kensington Church. After his 
 execution Fairfax occupied the house as his head quarters. 
 In 1716 it became the property and residence of Addison 
 by his marriage with the Countess of Warwick ; and it was 
 here that this accomplished and good man (on June 17, 
 1719) taught the young Earl of Warwick " in what peace a 
 Christian can die." It was subsequently the residence of the 
 celebrated statesman Henry Fox, Lord Holland, whose still 
 more celebrated son, Charles James Fox, spent much of 
 his childhood and youth here, and displayed those talents 
 which justified the predictions of the friends of his youth. 
 The house contains a very extensive collection of works of 
 art, and a choice collection of books. In the gardens, the 
 Dahlia first made its appearance in this country, in the year 
 1803, from seeds sent from Spain by Lord Holland. On 
 a column of granite is a bust of Buonaparte, then Com- 
 mander in Chief of the army of Italy, by Canova. 
 
 Kensington House was occupied as a school by Mr. EI-
 
 74 COUNTY HISTORY MtDDLESEJt. 
 
 phinstone between 1776 and 1788, ludicrously characterised 
 in Smollett's Roderick Random. 
 
 In Kensington Square resided the Duchess of Mazarine, 
 1692 ; Dr. Mawson, Bishop of Ely, who died here in 1770, 
 aged 80 ; Sir Richard Blackmore, physician and poet ; Dr. 
 Herring, Bishop of Bangor, and in the same house Prince 
 Talleyrand, when driven from France by Robespierre ; Bi- 
 shop Hough of Worcester ; and the Rev. William Beloe. 
 
 In Pitt Buildings, then called OrbelFs Buildings, resided 
 Sir Isaac Newton, and here, in his 84th year, he had a fit of 
 the gout, and shortly after died, in 1726. 
 
 Campden House was built about 1612, by Sir Baptist 
 Hickes, afterwards Lord Campden. In it resided for five 
 years Anne Princess of Denmark ; and the accomplished 
 Boyle Earl of Burlington. 
 
 At Bayswater died Cornelius Wood, the "Sylvio '" of the 
 Tatler, military officer, 1711 ; and Dean Swift had lodgings 
 in 1712; the brave William first Earl of Craven. 
 
 At Kensal Green resided Mori and the painter* 
 
 At Earts Court, the celebrated surgeon John Hunter 
 built himself a residence, and for many years spent his 
 autumns there* 
 
 At Brampton the celebrated Arthur Murphy died 1805 ; 
 Count Rumford resided. Here was married, in 1653, Henry 
 Cromwell, son of Oliver, vrho is said to have resided at Hale 
 House, to Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Francis Russell. 
 
 Among the residents in this parish were William Penn, 
 founder of Pennsylvania ; James Ford, " the famous speak- 
 ing doctor," ridiculed by Swift in the Tatler. 
 
 At KINGSBURY Dr. Goldsmith lodged whilst com- 
 posing part of his "History of Animated Nature." 
 
 KNIGHTSBRIDGE was the residence of Seth Ward, 
 Bishop of Salisbury, who died here 1689; William Penn, 
 founder of Pennsylvania ; James Lane, Viscount Lanes- 
 borough, Pope's gouty dancer, who died at his house here,
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 75 
 
 now St. George's hospital, 1724 ; and Bernard Lens, minia- 
 ture painter, who died here 1741. 
 
 Kingston House, now occupied by the statesman and 
 schohir, the Marquess of Wellesley, was the residence of 
 Elizabeth Chudleigh, the eccentric and profligate Duchess 
 of Kingston ; and it was here she invited a large assemblage 
 of people to her celebrated ball, and when they met she had 
 made her escape to Calais. 
 
 MARYLEBONE. In the Old Church are monuments 
 to James Gibbs the architect, ob. 1754, aged 71 ; Signor 
 Giuseppe Baretti of the Royal Academy of Arts, 1789 ; Ste- 
 phen Storace, ob. 17^6, aged 34, whose life was " devoted 
 to the study of musical science, and shortened by unremitted 
 application and anxiety in the attainment of its object;" 
 Caroline Watson, engraver to Her Majesty, who died June 
 9, 1814, aged 54, with poetical epitaph by Hayley. 
 
 Here were buried Humphrey VVanley, antiquary, 1726 ; 
 John Abbadie, persecuted Protestant divine, 1727 ; 
 James Figg, the prize-fighter, 1734, proprietor of the 
 Boarded House, Marylebone fields ; Archibald Bower, 
 author of" History of the Popes," 1766 ; Edmund Hoyle, 
 whist player, 1769 ; John Michael Rysbrach, statuary, 
 1770 ; James Ferguson, philosopher, 1776; Charles Wesley, 
 one of the founders of Methodism, 1788 ; William Cramer, 
 musician, 1799 ; George Stubbs, painter, 1806 ; Alexander 
 Dalrymple, traveller, 1808 ; Thomas Hoi croft, linguist and 
 novelist, 1809; Duke of Portland, Prime Minister, 1809. 
 
 In the Parish Church is a tablet to Richard Cosway, 
 R.A., painter to the Prince of Wales, 1821, aged 80 years. 
 In the spacious vaults underneath this church are deposited 
 the remains of many of the nobility and distinguished 
 gentrj'. 
 
 At Harrow Road Cemetery, among the interesting tenants 
 of the tomb is John Hugh, eldest son of J. G. Lockhart, 
 esq. and grandson of Sir Walter Scott, Bart. He was a
 
 76 COUNTr HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 favourite child of the novelist, who dedicated his " Tales 
 of a Grandfather " to hiin under the title of Hugh Little 
 John, esq. He died in his 11th year, 1831. 
 
 Of Betitinck Chapel, in Chapel Street, New Road, the 
 Rev. Basil Woodd was minister for 45 years. 
 
 In Little Titchfield Street was Providence Chapel, under 
 the ministry of Huntingdon, which was burnt down in 1810, 
 when the minister observed " that Providence having 
 allowed the chapel to be destroyed. Providence might re- 
 build it, for he would not." 
 
 In the Cemetery on the south side of Paddington Street, 
 consecrated in 1733, it is computed that near 100,000 persons 
 have been interred. An inscription here records the deaths 
 of several infants, children of J. F. Smyth Stuart, " great 
 grandson of King Charles II." Opposite to this cemetery 
 is another not quite so large, consecrated in 1772, and con- 
 taining a large number of tombs, some of them of a costly 
 character. 
 
 In St. Johns IFood Chapel are some beautiful specimens 
 of modern sculpture, by Chantrey, Behnes, Wyatt, Austin, 
 &c. In the vault lie the remains of the wife of Ben- 
 jamin West, President R.A. Above 40,000 persons lie 
 interred in the cemetery attached. On the west side is a 
 flat stone, in memory of Joanna Southcott, who 
 died Dec. 27, 1814, aged 65 years, at her house in 
 Manchester Street, Manchester Square, with these verses 
 thereon : 
 
 " While through all thy wondrous days 
 Heaven and earth enraptur'd gaz'd ; 
 While vain sages think they know 
 Secrets, Thou Alone cans't show ; 
 Time alone will tell what hour 
 Thou'lt appear in greater power. Sabineus." 
 
 Oxford Street, containing nearly 400 houses, is more 
 than a mile in length, and of good width. It is a pleasing
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. ^7 
 
 promenade ; but if remembered as the way through which 
 many unfortunate criminals have passed to pay the forfeit 
 of their lives at Tyburn, must give rise to melancholy re- 
 flections. 
 
 At Tyburn was executed, Nov. 29, 1628, John Felton, 
 who stabbed the Duke of Buckingham ; Lord Ferrers, for 
 murder, 1760; Dr. Dodd, for forgery, 1777; Hackman, for 
 shooting Miss Ray, 1779 ; and the infamous Catherine 
 Hayes, for the murder of her husband, who was literally 
 burnt alive in consequence of the indignation of the popu- 
 lace preventing her being strangled by the executioner before 
 the fire was kindled. Tyburn ceased to be a place of execu- 
 tion in 1783. 
 
 On the site of Beaumont and Devonshire Streets, was the 
 Marylehone Gardens, a place of evening entertainment, 
 the musical arrangements of which were for some time under 
 the direction of Dr. Arne, and the music of Handel and other 
 celebrated composers was often heard. They were sup. 
 pressed in 1778 on account of the increase of buildings, and 
 the use of fireworks. 
 
 From Lord's Cricket Ground, Garnerin made his second 
 balloon ascent July 5, 1802. 
 
 Cato Street, where the conspiracy to assassinate in 1820 
 the Ministers of State was concocted by Thistlewood and 
 others, passes from Queen Street to John Street ; and ia 
 now called Horace Street. 
 
 In Welbeck Street was the residence of Lord George 
 Gordon, who figured so conspicuously in the riots of 1780 ; 
 Edmund Hoyle, the writer on Whist, &c. ; and the miser 
 John Elwes. 
 
 The house of the late Thomas Hope, author of Anasta- 
 sius, in Duchess Street, was built by Adams. It has long 
 been an object of interest to lovers of the Fine Arts on 
 account of the valuable collection of sculpture, vases, pic- 
 tures, and style of decoration.
 
 78 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 In Portland ftoarf died Sir Francis Bourgeois, in 1811, 
 wlio bequeathed his pictures to Dulwich College. 
 
 Primrose Hill was formerly famous for primroses. Here 
 was found the body of the murdered Sir Edmondbury God- 
 frey in Oct. 1678, fjr which, on the testimony of Gates, &c. 
 four Roman Catholics, of whose guilt there are some doubts, 
 were executed. Several fatal duels have also lent an his- 
 toric interest to the spot. Here Colonel Montgomery was 
 shot through the heart by Captain Macnamara, and the 
 Captain just above the hip, 1803. 
 
 In Marylebone Park Queen Elizabeth entertained the 
 Russian Ambassador with the diversion of hunting. 
 
 It is but a few years since the whole area of the Regent's 
 Park was inclosed for grazing cows. An area of 357 acres 
 was inclosed about 1818 as a park, and laid out in lawns, 
 drives, plantations, &c. Since the year 1821 many ornamental 
 detached villas, nine extensive terraces, &c. and public build- 
 ings, have been built ; and the gardens of the Zoological and 
 Botanical Societies are laid out. 
 
 In the Hospital of St. Katharine, in the Regent's Park, 
 are preserved the curious old pulpit, carved stalls, and organ 
 which belonged to the destroyed church near the Tower, 
 and also the monument of the Duke of Exeter (died 1446), 
 
 NORTH ALL was the vicarage of William Pierse, Bishop 
 of Bath and Wells ; Dr. John Cockburn, author of " Right 
 Notions of God," buried here 1729; Samuel Lisle, Bi- 
 shop of Norwich, buried here 1749; and Sir John Hotham, 
 afterwards Bishop of Clogher. 
 
 , Here was also interred Dr. Stephen Charles Triboude 
 Demainbray, astronomer and electrician, 1782. 
 
 At PADDINGTON was married William Hogarth, 
 "great painter of mankind," to Jane, daughter of his 
 master Sir James Thornhill, 1729. 
 
 Here died George Colraan, dramatist and essayist, 1794. 
 
 Here were buried, John Bushnel, statuary, 1701 ; Joseph
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 79 
 
 Francis Nollekens, painter, and Benjamin Parker, philoso< 
 phical writer, 1747 ; Dr. Abraham Lemoine, author on 
 Miracles, 1757; Matthew Dubourg, musician, 1767; James 
 Lacy, patentee of Drury-lane theatre, 1774; Francis Vi- 
 vares, engraver, 1780 ; George Barret, landscape painter, 
 1784; Sir John Elliot, physician, 1787; William Arminger, 
 statuary, 1793 ; Thomas Banks, statuary, 1805 ; Lolli, 
 the musician, 1805; Marquess of Lansdowne, 1809; Lewis 
 Schiavonetti, engraver, 1810. 
 
 Mrs. Siddons, the tragedian, lived at Westbourn green. 
 
 In the Churchyard was buried, in 1802, aged 65, the 
 Rev. Dr. Alexander Geddes, learned Hebraist and translator 
 of the Historical Books of the Old Testament. On the 
 plain upright stone put up in 1804 by Lord Petre is this 
 extract from his works: ^'Christian is my name, and 
 Catholic my surname ; I grant that you are a X" as well as I, 
 and embrace you as my fellow disciple of Jesus ; and if you 
 were not a disciple of Jesus, still I would embrace you as 
 my fellow man." 
 
 At PANCRAS were buried, Samuel Cooper, miniature 
 painter, 1672 ; Abraham VVoodhead, Roman Catholic con- 
 troversialist, 1678; Obadiah Walker, writer against Luther, 
 1699 ; John Ernest Grabe, editor of the Alexandrian Sep- 
 tuagint, 1711 ; Jeremy Collier, nonjuring Bishop, castiga- 
 tor of the stage, 1726; Edward Ward, author of the "Lon- 
 don Spy," 1731 ; Edward Walpole, translator of Sanuaza- 
 rius, 1740; James Leoni, architect, 1746; Simon Francis 
 Ravenet, engraver, and Peter Van Bleeck, portrait-painter, 
 1764; Abraham Langford, auctioneer and dramatist, 1774; 
 William Woollett, engraver, 1785 ; Stephen Pax ton, mu- 
 sician, 1787 ; Timothy Cunningham, author of "Law Dic- 
 tionary," 1789; Michael John Baptist Baron de Wenzel, 
 oculist, 1790 ; Mary Woolstonecraft Godwin, author of 
 " Rights of Women," 1797, with a square monumental pil- 
 lar with a willow-tree on each side ; Father O'Leary, the
 
 80 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 amiable friar of the order of St. Francis, 1802 ; the Bishop 
 of St. Pol de Leon, 1806 ; John Walker, author of " Pro- 
 nouncing Dictionary," 1807 ; Pascal de Paoli, Cor- 
 slcan hero, 1807 ; Tiberius Cavallo, the Neapolitan philoso- 
 pher 1809 ; the equivocal Chevalier d'Eon, political writer, 
 1810 ; J. P. Malcolm, historian of London, 1815 ; and the 
 Rev. William Tooke, translator of Lucian, 1820. 
 
 In St. James's Cemetery, Tottenham Court Road, were 
 buried Lord G. Gordon, 1797 ; M. Tomick, 7 feet 10 inches 
 high, 1794; Mr. Christie, auctioneer, 1803; Hoppner, the 
 painter ; G. Morland, the well-known painter ; and Dr. 
 Dickson, Bp. of Downe. 
 
 In Camden-town died Charles Dibdin, song and dramatic 
 writer, 1814. 
 
 In Kentish-town Chapel was interred Charles Grignion, 
 engraver, 1810. 
 
 In Somers-town Roman Catholic Chapel was buried the 
 Princess of Conde. 
 
 Among the portraits at Caen Wood is one of its illus- 
 trious inhabitant Lord Chief Justice Mansfield, who died 
 here 1793, by Sir Joshua Reynolds ; and a head of Better* 
 ton, the actor, by the poet Pope. 
 
 The reading desk and pulpit in the JVcw Church, 
 Euston Square, are remarkable from having been con- 
 structed out of the remains of the celebrated Fairlop Oak, 
 which at one time shadowed an area of 300 feet in circuit, 
 was mainly destroyed by fire in 1805, and blown down in 
 1820. 
 
 The Chapel at the Foundling Hospital has an altar-piece 
 painted by West, and an organ presented by Handel. There 
 are several valuable pictures in the Hospital, particularly 
 Hogarth's " March to Finchley." 
 
 At PINNER were buried Sir Bartholomew Shower, 
 lawyer, author of "Cases" and "Reports," 1701 ; and 
 William Skenelsby, aged 118, 1775.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 81 
 
 Here died in 1798 John Zephaniah Holwell, the gover- 
 nor of Bengal, who published a narrative of the sufferings 
 of himself and his unhappy companions in the Black-hole at 
 Calcutta. 
 
 At POPLAR resided Sir Richard Steele, who had a 
 laboratory here for his alchemical studies. 
 
 Here were buried Robert Ainsworth, lexicographer, 1 743 ; 
 James Ridley, author of "Tales of the Genii," 17^^; his 
 father. Dr. Gloster Ridley, divine and scholar (epitaph by 
 Bishop Lowth), 1774 ; and George Steevens, commen- 
 tator on Shakspere, (monument by Flaxman, epitaph by 
 Hay ley,) 1800. 
 
 At RISELIP were buried Mary, wife of Chief Justice 
 Sir John Banckes, the heroic defender of Corfe Castle, 
 Dorsetshire, 1661 ; and George Rogers, president of the 
 college of physicians, complimented by Waller, 1697. 
 
 ST. GEORGES IN THE EAST. In the Banis/i 
 Church, Prince's Square, arc buried C. G. Cibber, the 
 architect of the building, and his wife Jane Cibber, father 
 and mother of Colley Cibber, the actor. In the church 
 were buried Joseph Ames, poet and author on printing, 
 1759, who was a ship-chandler at Wapping ; Joseph Reed, 
 dramatist, resided at Sun -tavern-fields, as ropemaker. 
 
 Instances of longevity are numerous: 1764, Sarah Bar- 
 ton, aged 104; 1765, Geo. Hammond, aged 104; 1776, 
 Anne Ball, aged 102 ; John Gynks, aged 104 ; 1780, 
 James Miles, aged 102; 1783, Isabella Fennell, aged 103; 
 and 1805, Mary Taylor, aged 103. 
 
 In the Swedish Church, Wellclose Square, lies buried the 
 celebrated Baron Swedenborg, founder of a religious sect 
 bearing his name, who died in 1772. 
 . SHEPERTON was the rectory of William Grocyne, the 
 
 i
 
 82 COCNTT HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 first Greek professor at Oxford ; and Dr. Lewis Atterbury, 
 brother of the Bishop of Rochester. 
 
 Here it is supposed that Caesar crossed the Thames in 
 pursuit of Cassivelaunus, and that Coway stakes were placed 
 there to prevent his passage. A rude canoe, cut out of a solid 
 block of oak, was discovered here in 1812. 
 
 STANMORE MAGNA was the vicarage of Richard 
 Boyle, afterwards Archbishop of Tuam. 
 
 Here were buried Charles Hart, the tragedian, 1 683 ; 
 Mary Smith, aged 102, 1780. Here died Aaron Capadoce, 
 a jew, aged 105. 
 
 At Stanmore hill resided James Forbes, author of " Ori- 
 ental Memoirs." 
 
 Dr. Parr, on his removal from Harrow, kept a school here. 
 
 In STAINES is Duncroft House, where King John, is 
 said to have slept the night after he signed Magna Charta. 
 
 STANMORE PARVA, or WHITCHURCH, was the 
 rectory of John Theophilus Desaguliers, experimental 
 philosopher. 
 
 Canons, the princely seat of James Brydges, Duke of 
 Chandos, which cost 250,000, was on his decease pulled 
 down, and the materials sold by auction in 1747 ; remark- 
 ably verifying the prophetic lines in Pope's epistle to Lord 
 Burlington, in which the Duke is characterized under the 
 name of " Timon." This satire, however elegant and 
 poignant, is most discreditable to Pope, as the subject was 
 his friend, who, though ostentatious, was benevolent and 
 amiable, and whose taste in music, there ridiculed, is evinced 
 in his selection of Handel, who composed the anthems, and 
 Pepusch the morning and evening services for the church, 
 which was re-edified at his expense, and in which he was 
 buried 1744. The drama of Esther was composed by Han- 
 del for its consecration.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 83 
 
 Here were also buried Sir John Lake, Secretary of State 
 to James I. 1630 ; Francis Coventry, author of " Pompey 
 the Little," 1754; Alexander Jacob, author of "Peerage," 
 1785; Dennis O'Kelly, owner of the famous horse Eclipse 
 (whose bones lie in Canons park), 1788; and James, last 
 DukeofChandos, 1789. 
 
 STAN WELL was the vicarage of Dr. Bruno Ryves, 
 Dean of Windsor, author of "Mercurius Rusticus." In the 
 church is a monument (by Nicholas Stone, cost 215), for 
 Thomas Lord Knyvett, 1622. Mary, daughter of James I. 
 was entrusted to his care, and died at his seat here in 1607. 
 
 STEPNEY was the rectory of Stephen Segrave, Arch- 
 bishop of Armagh ; and Marmaduke Lumley, Bishop of 
 Lincoln, Lord High Treasurer. The vicarage of Richard 
 Fox, Bishop of Winchester, founder of Corpus Christi Col- 
 lege, Oxford ; John Colet, Dean of St. Paul's, founder of 
 St. Paul's school ; Richard Pace, Dean of St. Paul's, states- 
 man, who was buried here 1532 ; William Jerome, martyr, 
 
 1540 ; and William Greenhill, commentator on Ezekiel. 
 The Bishops of London had a seat here, in which died 
 
 Roger Niger, 1241; Ralph de Baldock, 1313; Ralph de 
 Stratford, 1355 ; and Robert de Braybrooke, 1404. 
 
 Edward Russell, Earl of Bedford, was here married to the 
 lovely and accomplished Lucy Harrington, 1594. 
 
 Here were buried Sir Henry Colet, father of the Dean, 
 Lord Mayor in 1495, who resided near the church ; 
 John Kyte, Archbishop of Armagh, 1537 ; Sir Thomas 
 Spert, founder and first Master of the Trinity House, 
 
 1541 ; Roger Crab, ' English hermit," 1680 ; William 
 Clarke, physician, author on nitre, 1684 ; Sir John 
 Berry, admiral, 1689 ; his widow Rebecca (pleasing 
 epitaph), 1696 ; Matthew Mead, puritan divine, father 
 of the physician, 1699; William Vickers, author of "Com-
 
 84 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 paiiion to the Altar," 1719 ; Sir John Leake, admiral, 
 1720; Martin Bladen, translator of Caesar, 1746; John 
 Entick, school-master, voluminous writer, 1773; and Ben- 
 jamin Kenton, who left 63,550, to charitable uses (monu- 
 ment by AVestmacott), 1800. Two ludicrous epitaphs in 
 tlie churchyard are noticed in the Spectator, No. 518. 
 
 Stepney was the residence of Sir Thomas Lake, Secretary 
 of State to James L; Henry first Marquis of Worcester, 
 the gateway of whose house remains ; and its native Richard 
 Mead, who first practissed as a physician in this place. 
 
 Here Nathaniel Bailey, the author of the " Etymological 
 English Dictionary," which formed the basis of Dr. John- 
 son's Dictionary, kept a school. He was a good classical 
 scholar, and died June 27, 1742. 
 
 In the Portuguese Jews burial ground were buried 
 Emanuel Mendes Da Costa, author, 1791 ; Rabbi David 
 Nietto, distinguished scholar and author, 1728; Raphael 
 Meldola, Rabbi, oriental scholar, 1828; and in the same 
 ground lies the wretched body of the miserable, inhuman, 
 and unnatural Baron d'Aiguilar, who died 1802. 
 
 STOKE NEVVINGTON. Inhabitants, Thomas Sut- 
 ton, founder of the Charter-house ; Sir John Pophara, 
 Chief Justice; Charles Fleetwood, Parliamentarian Gene, 
 ral ; Daniel De Foe, author of " Robinson Crusoe ; " Dr. 
 Isaac Watts, who died at Lady Abney's house here, 1748; 
 Sir Thomas Abney, M.P. his great friend, who had a prin- 
 cipal share in founding the Bank of England, and died in 
 1722, aged 83 ; Hannah Snell, female soldier, died Feb. 8, 
 1792, aged 69 ; Adam Anderson, commercial writer; Tho- 
 mas Day, author of " Sandford and Merton ;" John How- 
 ard, philanthropist ; and James Brown, F.S.A. historian of 
 Stoke Newington, his native place, who died Jan. 19, 1837- 
 Here died in 1603, Margaret Forster, widow, aged 103.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. S5 
 
 Here were buried, Edward Massie, Parliamentarian Go- 
 vernor of Gloucester, 1649; Thomas Manton, its ejected 
 vicar, voluminous writer, 1677 ; Bridget Fleetwood, wife of 
 the General, and eldest daughter of Oliver Cromwell, 1681 ; 
 Samuel Wright, dissenting divine, 1746; and James Brown, 
 who first projected the "London Directory," 1788. 
 
 Of the Dissenters' Meeting-house at Newington green 
 were ministers, Hugh Worthington ; Dr. Richard Price ; 
 Dr. Thomas Amory ; Dr. Joseph Towers ; and James 
 Lindsey. 
 
 At STRATFORD BOW, were married Dr. William 
 Whitaker, theologian, to Joan Fenner, 1591 ; William Pen- 
 kethman, comedian, to Elizabeth Hill, 1714; and "Orator" 
 John Henley to Mary Clifford, 1726. 
 
 Inhabitants, Edmund Lord Sheffield, one of the victors of 
 the Spanish Armada ; John Le Neve, author of " Monu- 
 menta Anglicana ;" and Samuel Jebb, physician. 
 
 Don Antonio Perez, Prior of Crato, who was crowned 
 King of Portugal at Lisbon, whence he was soon expelled 
 by Philip II. of Spain, resided here in 1591. 
 
 This place was of some note in the fourteenth century for 
 aflfordlng instruction in the French language. Chaucer 
 thus contemptuously alludes to it : 
 
 " French she spake full fayre & fetisly 
 
 After the scole of Stratford atte Bowe, 
 For French of Paris was to hire unknowe." 
 
 In TEDDINGTON were buried Sir Orlando Bridgman, 
 Lord Keeper, and Thomas Traherne, its curate, author of 
 "Christian Ethics," 1674; Margaret Woffington, actress, 
 1760 ; Dr. Stephen Hales, its curate for 51 years, philoso- 
 pher, 1761 ; Henry Flitcroft, architect, 1769 ; Paul White- 
 head, poet, whose heart is at West Wycombe, co. Bucks.,
 
 86 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 1775; and Richard Bentley, poet and dramatist, son of the 
 critic, 1782. 
 
 Here resided Sackville, Earl of Dorset, Lord Treasurer ; 
 Dudley, Earl of Leicester, Elizabeth's favourite; William 
 Penn, the Quaker ; and Francis Manning, poet and dra- 
 matist. 
 
 Teddington was the curacy of Dr. Stephen Hales, philo- 
 sopher for 51 years. He was here visited by Frederick 
 Prince of Wales, father of Geo. III. and by many of the 
 highest rank and taste; and died here in January 4, 1761, 
 aged 84. He invented a ventilator for mines, prisons, hos- 
 pitals, &c. which has proved most extensively useful. 
 
 TOTTENHAM was the vicarage of William Bates, non- 
 conformist, author of "Harmony of the Attributes;" and 
 Edward Sparke, author of " Scintilla Altaris." 
 
 Here were buried William Bedwell, its vicar and histo- 
 rian, 1632 ; Henry Hare, Lord Coleraine, another of its 
 historians, 1708 ; Henry Hare, last Lord Coleraine of his 
 family, antiquary, 1749; and Samuel Hardy, divine and 
 astronomer, 1793. 
 
 Here also resided, in 1593, its native. Sir Julius Csesar, 
 civilian ; Sir John Cooke, Secretary of State ; and William 
 Baxter, author of " Glossarium Antiquitatum," who was 
 master of its free-school. 
 
 In the Church is a beautiful window of antient painted 
 glass ; and some old and good monuments. 
 
 Bruce Castle was the residence of Robert Bruce, father 
 of Robert King of Scotland, who died in 1303; and subse- 
 quently of Sir William Compton, favourite of Henry VIIl., 
 and ancestor of the Earls of Northampton, who here enter- 
 tained Henry VIII. and his sister Margaret Queen of Scots, 
 in 1516. His grandson Henry Lord Compton in 1578 en- 
 tertained Queen Elizabeth here. It has been of late occu- 
 pied as a school.
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 13* 
 
 front faces the south instead of the west, and the altar 
 is at the north end; Ionic portico from the temple on 
 the Ilyssus at Athens ; the columns to the first story of 
 the tower, which is a beautiful work, are insulated, and 
 of the "Tivoli Corinthian order;" and the second story 
 is a peristyle of six columns of the same order as the 
 Tower of the Winds at Athens ; the interior is generally 
 admired for its decorations ; will accommodate 2,000 
 people; cost 21,829/. 10*. 
 
 Paddington, Bayswater, built in 1818. 
 
 St. PANCRAS,Euston Square, (acts 1816 and 1821,) architects 
 the Messrs. W. and H. W. Inwood ; first stone laid May 1, 
 1819; consecrated May 7, 1822; cost 76,679/. 7s. 8rf. ; 
 erected from models of the Erectheum ; the lateral 
 porticoes are from the southern portico of the Pandro- 
 sium ; the steeple 165 feet high, taken from the Octagon 
 Tower of the Winds at Athens; the interior particularly 
 elegant ; the communion table adorned with six antique 
 scagliola columns, with bases and capitals of white sta- 
 tuary marble, from the temple of Minerva. 
 
 Regent Square, Sidmouth Street, Gray's Inn Lane 
 
 Road, Ionic portico, erected 1824; cost 16,000. 
 
 Camden Chapel, erected in 1828; good Ionic portico. 
 
 Somers Town, erected by Messrs. Inwood; estimate 
 
 14,291, 12*. 
 
 Poplar, All Saints, first stone laid March 29, 1821, conse- 
 crated July 3, 1823; entire cost, with parsonage house, 
 &c. 33,0771' ; architect, Mr. C. HoUis ; the portico is from 
 the temple on the Ilyssus at Athens; the height of the 
 spire from the ground is 161 feet ; the interior is neat 
 and plain. 
 
 Shad well, St. Paul, rebuilt 1820 ; architect, Mr. John Wal- 
 ters ; cost 14,000, "simply neat and elegantly chaste;" 
 the steeple is particularly beautiful. 
 
 A2
 
 14* COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Stepney, Mile End, first stone laid June 17, 1818, conse- 
 crated Jan. 9, 1823 ; pointed style of time of Henry VII.; 
 architect, Mr. John AValters. 
 
 St. Peter's, Globe Road, erected by the Metropolis 
 
 Churches Fund, consecrated Aug. 1838. 
 
 All Saints, Mile End New Town, partly erected by 
 
 the Metropolis Churches Fund, consecrated Nov. 9, 1839. 
 
 Tredegar Square, Mile End, built on ground the gift 
 
 of Sir Charles Morgan, bart.; consecrated Nov, 27, 1839. 
 
 Spicer Street, Mile End New Town, consecrated Nov. 
 
 25, 1839. 
 
 'J^ottenham Green, Trinity Chapel ; consecrated May 26, 
 1830; architect. Savage; contract 4,893, 11*. 6 J. 
 
 Twickenham, Holy Trinity, pointed style, foundation laid 
 Aug. 31, 1840. 
 
 SEATS. 
 
 Albemarle House, Hounslow, Rev. Joseph Benson, D.D. 
 
 Beauchamp House, Tottenham, Wm. Robinson, esq. LL.D. 
 
 Beech Hill, Archibald Paris, esq. 
 
 Belsize House, Hampstead, John Wright, esq. 
 
 Bentley Priory, Marquess of Abercorn. 
 
 Boston House, Brentford, Colonel Clitherow. 
 
 Breakspears, Harefield, Joseph Ashby Partridge, esq. 
 
 Broomfield House, Southgate, Henry Philip Powys, esq. 
 
 Bushy Park, the Queen Dowager. 
 
 Caen Wood, Hampstead, Earl of Mansfield. 
 
 Chelsea Park, Lady Wright Wilson. 
 
 Chiswick House, Duke of Devonshire. 
 
 Clock House, Ashford, A. Downes, esq. 
 
 Duncroft House, Staines, John Carmichael, esq. 
 
 Fulham Palace, Bishop of London. 
 
 Gunnersbury House, Baroness Rothschild. 
 
 Hadley House, Samuel Page, esq. 
 
 Hampton Court, Royal Palace. 
 
 Hanwell Grove, George Baillie, esq. 
 
 Hanwell Park, Charles Turner, esq. 
 
 Hanworth Park, Sir Frederick Pollock. 
 
 Little Park, Lady Laura ToUemache.
 
 SEATS. 15* 
 
 Haretield Grove, William Flower, esq. 
 
 Harefield Place, C. Newdigate Newdigate, esq. 
 
 Harlesden House, William Curtis, esq. 
 
 Heston Hall, John Whiting, esq. 
 
 Highwood Hill, Hendon, William Wilberforce, esq. 
 
 Hilliiigdon End, Sir W. Saltonstall Wiseman, bart. 
 
 Holland House, Kensington, Lord Holland. 
 
 Isleworth House, Dowager Lady Cooper. 
 
 Kempton Park, Fursan Manners, esq. 
 
 Kensington Palace, H. R. H. the Duke of Sussex. 
 
 Littleton, Colonel Wood. 
 
 Mill Hill, Hendon, Sir James Flower, bart. 
 
 Myddelton House, Enfield, Henry Carrington Bowles, esq. 
 
 Osterley House, Earl of Jersey. 
 
 Page Green, Tottenham, James Rowe, esq. 
 
 Park House, Fulham, J. P. Powell, esq. 
 
 Peterborough House, Parsons Green, Sampayo, esq. 
 
 Ravenscourt, Hammersmith, George Scott, esq. 
 
 Rose Bank, Fulham, Marquess of Londonderry. 
 
 Rosslyn House, Hampstead, 
 
 St. Margaret's, Isleworth, Marquess of Ailsa. 
 
 Seaton House, Isleworth, Lord Frederick Gordon. 
 
 Shepperton (Manor House), James Scott, esq. 
 
 Southall, Lord Montfort. 
 
 Spring Grove, Smallbury Green, Henry Pownall, esq. 
 
 Stanmore Hall, Thomas Teed, esq. 
 
 Stanmore, The Grove, Charles Poole, esq. 
 
 Stanwell Park, Sir John Gibbons, bart. 
 
 Strawberry Hill, Earl of Waldegrave. 
 
 Swakeleys, Ickingham, the late Thomas T. Clarke, esq. 
 
 Syon House, Isleworth, Duke of Northumberland. 
 
 Teddington House, Hon. William Jervis. 
 
 Teddington Place, Charles Devon, esq. 
 
 'J'otlenham Park, Joseph Rawlings, esq. 
 
 Trent Park, John Cumming, esq. 
 
 Twyford Abbey, 
 
 Wembly Park, the late John Gray, esq. 
 
 Whitton Dean, Hounslow, Lady Wood. 
 
 Place, Mrs. Gostling. 
 
 Worton Hall, near Hounslow, W. H. Story, esq. 
 
 House, Rev. John Keily. 
 
 Lodge, E. C. Southbrook, esq. 
 
 Wrotham Park, George Byng, esq. M.P.
 
 16* COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Peerage. Chelsea, viscounty (1800) to Cadogan Earl Ca- 
 ll ogan. 
 
 Caen Wood, Mansfield of, earldom (1792) to Murray. 
 
 Enfield, barony (1695) to Nassau, Earl of Rochford. 
 
 Harlington (written Arlington), earldom (1674) and barony 
 (1664) to Fitzroy Duke of Grafton. 
 
 Hanworth, Vera of, barony (1750) to Beauclerk, Duke of 
 St. Alban's. 
 
 Hendon, Tenterden of, barony (1827) to Abbott. 
 
 Kensington, barony (1622) to Rich, Earl of Holland; ex- 
 tinct 1759; Irish barony to Edwardes. 
 
 Middlesex, earldom (1622) to Cranfield ; extinct 1651 ; re- 
 created 1675, to Sackville, Duke of Dorset. 
 
 Ossulston (hundred), barony (1682) to Bennett, Earl of 
 Tankerville. 
 
 Uxbridge, earldom (1714) to Paget; extinct 1769; revived 
 in the same family 1784, now held by the Marquess of 
 Anglesey. 
 
 Baronetage. Cadogan House, Chelsea, Farquhar, 1796. 
 Camden Hill, M'Gregor, 1831. Castle Strange, Hort, 
 1767. Culland's Grove, Southgate, Curtis, 1802. Ed- 
 monton, Lake, 1711. Gray's Inn, Nelthorpe, 1666. 
 Hadley, Smith, 1802. Harefield Place, Baynes, 1801. 
 Stanwell House, Stanhope, 1807- Stanwell Place, Gib- 
 bons, 1752. Tottenham, Dyer, 1678. Twickenham, 
 Johnson, 1755. Uxbridge, The Mount, Hamilton, 1776. 
 
 Representatives returned to Parliament, for the County, 2 ; 
 Finsbury, 2; London, 4; Marylebone, 2 ; Tower Ham- 
 lets, 2 ; Westminster, 2 ; total, 14 The Reform Act 
 created the Boroughs of Finsbury, Marylebone, and 
 Tower Hamlets. 
 
 Produce. Clay, for bricks. Wheat, for which Heston was 
 so famous that it was reserved for royal use, and Queen 
 Elizabeth had her manchets made of it ; barley ; peas ; 
 beans ; oats ; hay ; osiers ; asparagus, and garden 
 vegetables, extensive nursery grounds at Chelsea, Fulham, 
 Hammersmith, Isleworth, &c. ; raspberries for distillers, 
 and strawberries, at Isleworth ; lavender, cultivated at 
 Baker Street, Enfield, in great quantities ; potatoes and 
 vegetables at Edmonton ; fish, in the Thames and Lea.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 87 
 
 Of the Free Grammar School was Master William Bax- 
 ter, scholar, antiquary, and author, who died in 1723 in 
 London. 
 
 Growing in the middle of the clump of elm trees, (be- 
 fore noticed, p. 7,) called the Seven Sisters, was formerly 
 a walnut tree, which never grew greater or higher, but 
 always threw out leaves. Tradition assigns it to having 
 been planted on a spot where a Protestant martyr was exe- 
 cuted. 
 
 Here died Hugh Broughton, learned divine and celebrated 
 preacher, 1612, to whom the Chutch of Rome offered a 
 Cardinal's hat if he would change his religion ; Sir Abra- 
 ham Reynardson, Lord Mayor in 1648, loyalist, 1661 ; 
 Sir Michael Foster, Judge pf the King's Bench, law 
 writer, 1763. 
 
 In Robinson's History of Tottenham is a burlesque poem 
 reprinted from the second volume of Percy's "Rcliques," 
 entitled "The Tvrnament of Tottenham: or the wooing, 
 winning, and wedding of Tibbe, the Reeve's daughter there." 
 
 TWICKENHAM was the vicarage of Richard Meggott, 
 Dean of Winchester, eloquent preacher ; Samuel Pratt, 
 Dean of Rochester ; Daniel Waterland, author on the divi- 
 nity of Christ ; Richard Terrick, Bp. of London ; and 
 George Costard, astronomer and orientalist. 
 
 The house in which Pope resided for 29 years, in which 
 his " Essay on Man," ' Epistles," " Dunciad," and great 
 part of his " Homer," were composed, and in which he died, 
 is pulled down ; as is also a large house erected on its site 
 by the Baroness Howe ; and Pope's celebrated cave, 
 " The -iEgerian grot 
 Where nobly pensive St. John sat and thought," 
 dilapidated. Pope was buried in the church, 1744, with a 
 tasteless epitaph by Bishop Warburton ; and a tablet, erected
 
 OO COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 by him, commemorates the death of his father, 1713; his 
 mother, 1733. 
 
 The Eel Pie House has been celebrated for more than 
 two centuries. 
 
 Strawberry Hill, abounding with objects of hig-h interest 
 to the lover of antiquity, history, or vertu, is fully described 
 in the works of its late acute and elegant possessor, Horace 
 Walpole, Earl of Orford, who erected it on the site of a 
 cottage in which CoUey Gibber composed his comedy of 
 " the Refusal," and in which Talbot, Bp. of Durham, and 
 the French divine, Pere Courayer, once resided, This 
 " Castle of Otranto " is peculiarly rich in antient well-au- 
 thenticated portraits; in the works of Holbein; in the finest 
 miniatures and enamels of the Olivers, Petitot, and Zincke ; 
 and in such curiosities as the armour of Francis I. of France, 
 the Cardinal's hat of Wolsey, and the wedding gloves of 
 Hampden's wife. The house and its contents have been 
 most strictly entailed. 
 
 At Twickenham park, resided in early life, "the father of 
 experimental philosophy," Lord Chancellor Bacon ; the 
 lovely Lucy Harrington, Countess of Bedford ; and the 
 brave and loyal John Lord Berkeley of Stratton, who was 
 buried here, 1678. 
 
 At Marble Hill, resided the Countess of Suffolk, mis- 
 tress of George IL and correspondent of Pope ; at Little 
 Strawberry Hill, Mrs. Catharine Clive, comic actress, who 
 was buried in the church in 1785. 
 
 At Ragman's castle, Mrs. Hannah Pritchard, actress, and 
 George Hardinge, esq. the late eminent Welsh Judge. 
 
 At JVhitton, Sir John Suckling, its native poet ; Sir 
 Godfrey Kneller, painter, who was buried here 1723 ; and 
 Sir William Chambers, architect. 
 
 In Twickenham also resided Sir Humphrey Lind, Pro-
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 89 
 
 testant controversialist ; Sir John Finet, author of " Phi- 
 loxenes;" Sir Benjamin Rudyard, statesman; the witty 
 Richard Corbet, Bp. of Norwich ; Edward Earl of Man- 
 chester, Parliamentarian General ; the Speaker Lenthal ; 
 tlie philosopher Boyle ; Secretary Craggs ; the eccentric 
 and versatile Duke of Wharton, whose house has been 
 pulled down ; Lady Macclesfield, the unnatural mother of 
 Savag-e ; John Gilbert, Abp. of York, who died here, 1761 ; 
 the painters Hudson and Scott ; the novelist Fielding ; the 
 physician Batty ; Sir John Hawkins, historian of Music ; 
 Owen Cambridge, poet and essayist; Hickey, Goldsmith's 
 " Special Attorney; " Paul Whitehead, poet, who died here 
 1775; Lady Mary Wortley Montagu; and Lord George 
 Gerraaine. 
 
 Besides those already mentioned, here were buried Sir 
 William Berkeley, governor and historian of Virginia, 
 1677 ; Lady Frances Whitmore (epitaph by Dryden) 1690; 
 Nicholas Amhurst, author of " Terrse Filius," and the 
 " Craftsman," 1742 ; the brave Admirals, Sir Chaloner 
 Ogle, 1750; John Byron, 1786; and Sir John Pococke, 
 1792 ; and Edward Ironside, historian of Twickenham, 
 1803. 
 
 John Earl of Mar, General for the Stuarts at Sheriffs 
 Muir, was married here in 1703 to Margaret Hay, daughter 
 of the Earl of Errol. 
 
 At Twickenham the first weeping willow was planted 
 early in the eighteenth century. 
 
 Louis-Philippe the present King of the French once resided 
 at Twickenham. 
 
 At UXBRIDGE still remains the house in which the 
 treaty between the Royalists and Parliamentarians oc- 
 curred ; now the Crown Inn. 
 
 Here died in 1788, John Lightfoot, botanist, and for some 
 time curate of that place.
 
 90 COUNTY HISTORY MIDDLESEX. 
 
 At WEST TVVYFORD were buried Henry Bold, comic 
 poet, 1683 ; and Fabian Phillips, antiquary, 1690. 
 
 At WHITCHURCH was Canons, the princely seat of the 
 Duke of Chandos. (See under STANMORE PARVA.) 
 
 In WILSDON are seven prebends belonging to St. 
 Paul's. In the church was buried Charles Otway, 1764.
 
 91 
 
 List of Works consulted. 
 
 1. A description of the county of Middlesex. 8vo, 1775. 
 
 2. The history of the county of Middlesex. By Luke Pope. 
 
 1 vol. 4to, 1795, never continued. 
 
 3. Beauties of England and Wales. 
 
 4. The history and antiquities of Canonbury House at Islington. 
 By John Nichols, F.S.A. 4to, 1788. 
 
 5. The history and antiquities of Twickenham. By Edmund 
 
 Ironside, Esq. 4to, 1797. 
 
 6. The Environs of London. By Rev. Daniel Lysons, A.M., 
 F.R.S., F.S.A., L.S. 4to, 1810, vol. ii. iii. and v. 
 
 7. The history, topography, and .antiquities of the parish of 
 St. Mary, Islington. By John Nelson. 4to, 1811. 
 
 8. An historical and topographical account of Fulham, includ- 
 ing the hamlet of Hammersmith. By T. Faulkner. 8vo, 
 1813. 
 
 9. The topography and natural history of Hampatead. By John 
 James Park. 4to, 1818. 
 
 10. The history of the ancient town and borough of Uxbridge. 
 By George Redford and Thomas Hurry Riches. 8vo, 1818. 
 
 1 1 . The history and antiquities of the parish of Tottenham. By 
 William Robinson, gent. 8vo, 1818. Second edit. 2 vols. 
 8vo, 1840. 
 
 12. Tour of the Grand Junction canal. By J. Hassell. 8vo, 
 
 1819. 
 
 13. The history and antiquities of the parish of Edmonton, &c. 
 By WiUiam Robinson, gent. F.S.A. 8vo, 1819. 
 
 14. The history and antiquities of the parish of Stoke Newing- 
 ton. By William Robinson, gent. F.S.A. 8vo, 1820. 
 
 15. History and antiquities of Kensington. By Thomas Faulk- 
 ner. 8vo, 1820. 
 
 16. Some account of Kentish Town, &c. By James Bennett. 
 12mo, 1821.
 
 92 WORKS CONSULTED MIDDLESEX. 
 
 IT. The history and antiquities of Enfield. By W. Robinson, 
 LL.D., F.S.A. 8vo, 1823, 2 vols. 
 
 18. History and description of the parish of Clerkenwell, embel- 
 lished with numerous engravings by J. and H. S. Storer. 
 The historical department by T. Cromwell. 8vo, 1828. 
 
 19. An historical, topographical, and statistical description of 
 Chelsea, and its environs. By Thomas Faulkner. 2 vols. 
 8vo, 1829. 
 
 20. A topographical and historical account of the parish of St. 
 Mary-le-Bone. By Thomas Smith. 8vo, 1833. 
 
 21. The history and antiquities of the parish of Hammersmith. 
 By Thomas Faulkner. 8vo, 1839. 
 
 22. The history and antiquities of Syon Monastery, the parish of 
 Isleworth, and the chapelry of Hounslow. By G. J. Aungier. 
 8vo, 1840.
 
 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 SITUATION AND EXTENT. 
 
 The Cities of London and Westminster, forming the Me- 
 tropolis of England, and the seat of the British Govern- 
 ment, are situated on the northern bank of the river 
 Thames, about 60 miles from its mouth. The site was origi- 
 nally fens and marshes at the foot of hills covered witJt 
 forests. The opposite bank was a complete morass ; and 
 Finsbury was a fen communicating with the Essex 
 marshes. The Metropolis, in , length, is nearly eight 
 miles, its breadth three, and its circumference twenty-six. 
 
 Province, Canterbury. Diocese, London. The City of 
 Westminster was created a bishopric by Hen. VIII. with 
 jurisdiction over all Middlesex, except Fulham, a peculiar 
 of the see of London ; but it was dissolved by Edw. VI.
 
 ANTIENT STATE AND REMAINS. 
 
 British Period : Mr. Owen, the editor of the Welch 
 Archaeology, derives the name of London from Llyn a 
 lake, and din a town, the town by the lake. Others 
 bring it from the Celtic Lhongdun, "a town of ships." 
 
 A British Trackway is considered to have gone from Old 
 Street, St. Luke's, by the City Arms public house in the 
 City Road, across the Holloway back road, near to the 
 Adam and Eve, and by Hagbush Lane to the foot of 
 Highgate Hill. There were houses and buildings in Lon- 
 don when the Romans first came to our Island ; and it 
 was the capital of the Trinobantes, who were emigrants 
 from Belgium. 
 
 Roman Period : London is not mentioned by Csesar, 
 but it became an important station of the Roman people, 
 and is mentioned by their authors under the names of 
 Londinium, Augusta, &c. In the time of Nero, Tacitus 
 informs us that it was a famous city with extensive com- 
 merce and plenty of all things. In the time of Severus it 
 was called by Herodian, a great and wealthy city. There 
 were three temples : one to the Goddess Diana, on the 
 site of the present Cathedral of St. Paul ; another to 
 Apollo, on the site of Westminster Abbey ; and the third 
 is presumed to have stood on the site of Bow Church.
 
 ANTIENT STATE AND REMAINS. 3 
 
 The great Roads constructed by this people, were the Ermine 
 Street, which went out of the city by Cripplegate ; the 
 Watling Street, which passed from Tyburn through St. 
 James's Park to Westminster, and thence to Lambeth at 
 Stangate, on its way to Dover ; another road from Farn- 
 ham along Oxford Street to High Street, Bloomsbury, 
 and thence to Clerkenwell ; and the Praetorian Way, 
 which went from Dowgate along the present Watling 
 Street, by Newgate, to the Oxford Road. There was 
 also a vicinal way fi-om Aldgate by Bethnal Green to Old 
 Ford, in Essex. 
 The IValls of the city are supposed to have been built by 
 Helena the mother of Constantine, about the year 306, or 
 by her son Constantine. They began by the Tower, 
 went along the Minories to Aldgate, by the back of 
 Hounsditch to Bishopsgate, thence in a straight line by 
 London Wall to Cripplegate, and by the other gates to 
 the Thames by the River Fleet, a circuit of more than 
 three miles. The walls were defended bv towers and bas- 
 tions. In thickness they were between eight and nine feet. 
 Some remains are visible on Tower Hill, near to the 
 Minories. 
 Remains of the works of this people have been very exten- 
 sively discovered. Among others, at the following places: 
 Aldgate, when rebuilding the gate in 1606, coins. 
 All Hallows Barking, patera, 1796. 
 Bishopsgate Church, urns, paterae, coin, arch, 1725. 
 Bow Lane, Cheapside, near the corner of Little St. Thomas 
 Apostle, in Dec. 1839, was found the perfect skeleton 
 of a man, in a coffin constructed of Roman pavement; 
 the man must have stood 6 feet 7 inches high, and be- 
 tween the teeth was found clenched a coin too corroded 
 to decipher ; a great quantity of pavement was also 
 found.
 
 4 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Bread Street, Cheapside, richly figured Samian vases, and 
 specimens of painting from the walls of Roman dwellings, 
 very interesting, and exhibiting great freshness of colours. 
 
 Broad Street, pavement. 
 
 Camomile Street, Bishopsgate, in 1711, a cemetery with 
 tessellated pavement, and containing urns filled with 
 burnt bones ; a lachrymatory, rings, fibula, and a coin of 
 Antoninus. 
 
 Cannon Street, the London Stone, generally supposed to 
 have been a miliary. It is enclosed in the wall of the 
 church of St. Swithin. 
 
 Christ's Hospital, sepulchral remains, 1826. In 1834 a 
 beautiful gold ring set with a sapphire, ruby, and two 
 turquoises. In 1837 part of a fluted column. 
 
 Church Lane, Whitechapel, sepulchral stone, 1776. 
 
 Coleman Street, near the public house called the Swan's 
 Nest, a well 3 feet square, boarded on each side, full of 
 vases regularly packed in the mud and sand. 
 
 College Street, Dowgate Hill, on site of Dyers' Hall, pave- 
 ment, earthern jars, and a large quantity of animal bones. 
 
 Crosby Square, in 1835, extensive pavements and founda- 
 tions. 
 
 Crutched Friars, pavement, 1787- 
 
 East Cheap, tesserse, coins, amphorae, and architectural frag- 
 ments in 1831 ; fragments of a pavement, and adjoining 
 St. Clement's Church, 12 feet below the present pavement, 
 was found in 1834, a tessellated pavement, and fragments 
 of domestic utensils, six small earthern lamps, rings, coins, 
 &c.; one gilt ring, had an engraved turquoise, repre- 
 senting an augural priest feeding a cock. 
 
 Founders" Court, in 1834, tessellated pavement. 
 
 Gutter Lane, a great quantity of Samian pottery ; glass 
 bottle capable of holding 2 ounces; coins; and curved 
 edged tiles, used for covering roofs of houses.
 
 ANTIENT STATE AND REMAINS. 
 
 Hoiborn Bridge, two lares and a pavement. 
 
 Honey Lane, in 1834, while digging for the foundation 
 of the new City School, glass bottles, coins, sacrificial 
 knives, &c. 
 
 King JVilliam Street, numerous remains of habitations, and 
 an abundance of pottery, &c. proving that spot to have 
 been closely occupied by dwelling houses, were found 
 while making some sewers in 1834. 
 
 Leadenhall Street, pavement, discovered in 1800, a square 
 of 1 1 feet, in the centre Bacchus reclining on the back of 
 a tiger, &c. preserved in the library of the East India 
 House, where are remains of vases, tiles, bones, &c. dis- 
 covered in 1822. 
 
 Lombard Street, in digging for the foundation of the 
 church of St. Mary Woolnoth, in 1716, pottery, and tusks 
 and bones of animals. Earthern lamp, pavement, aque- 
 duct, 1730. 
 
 London Bridge, beautiful little statue of Harpocrates, of 
 silver, 182.5 ; figure of horse in lead, 1827 ; colossal head 
 of Hadrian. In the bed of the Thames, in Jan. 1836, 
 bronze figures of a priest or devotee of Cybele, a Mercury, 
 an Apollo, an Atys, and the fragment of a Mercury or 
 Jupiter; the work of the Augustan era, probably of 
 Greek artists in the employ of the Romans. Several thou- 
 sand coins, in very fine preservation, lying in the line of 
 the trajectus, or bridge. Three gold medallions, two of 
 which were under one of the piles of the old bridge. 
 
 London JVall, in 1834, needles, gold ring, engraved cor- 
 nelian, pottery, brass tweezers, with earpick connected 
 by a ring; instrument for fastening the hair like a pack- 
 ing needle at one end and flat and circular like a coin at 
 the other, with helmeted head thereon. 
 
 /yo^Aiwrj/, pavement, 1805; another 1834. 
 
 Ludpate, in 1683, sepulchral monument to a Roman soldier,
 
 b LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 preserved at the theatre at Oxford; in 1806, at back of 
 
 London Coffee House, a stone to the memory of Claudia, 
 
 wife of a Roman general. 
 Ludgate Hill, circular tower and staircase, trunk of a sta- 
 tue of Hercules, altars, head of a female, 1806. 
 Moorjields, rare coins, sepulchral inscriptions, and vases, 
 
 1839. 
 Moorgate, by the London Wall, in August 1837, 18 feet 
 
 from the surface, a sepulchral stone with an inscription. 
 Prince s Street and Bank, in 1834, a pair of small brass 
 
 scales, keys, spatulse, fibulae, styli, needles in brass and 
 
 bone, coins ; steel for sharpening knives, with handle 
 
 ornamented with a lotus leaf and horse's head of bronze ; 
 
 knives with bone handles. 
 Pancras Lane, pavement. 
 Queen Street, Cheapside, in Oct. 1839, an elegant mosaic 
 
 pavement. 
 St. Margaret's Church, in 1834, iron chisels, crowbars, 
 
 hammers, &c. ; leathern sandal with nails on the sole ; 
 
 pottery, coins. 
 St. Martin's in the Fields, brick arch 1722, and glass 
 
 vases, stone coffins, and buffaloes heads. 
 St. Martin s le Grand, tile and coin, 1818. 
 St. Mary Hill, pavement, urns, bones, coins. 
 St. Mary-le-Bow, Cheapside, when building the church, 
 
 walls, windows, and the pavement of a temple. 
 St. PauPs Cathedral site, urns, vases, ampullae, &c. 
 Shadwell, cemetery, 1615. 
 Spitalfields, urns of ashes, coins, lachrymatories, paterae, 
 
 penates, 1576. 
 Tenter Ground, Goodman's Fields, urns, lachrymatories, 
 
 sepulchral stone, 1787. 
 Thames Street, opposite to Vintners' Hall, wall of flint, 
 
 chalk, and flat tiles, in alternate layers, Oct. 1839.
 
 ANCIENT STATE AND REMAINS. 7 
 
 Threadneedle Street, on site of Frencli Church, two fine 
 
 pavements, &c. 1 841. 
 Tower, ingot of silver and coins. 
 IVestminster, coins, and pottery. 
 
 Saxon Period : London was called by Bede, Londinia, 
 and a princely mart town; by King Alfred Lunden- 
 ceaster ; and by other Saxon writers Lunden-berig, and 
 Lunden-wic. It became the capital of the kingdom of 
 Essex during the Octarchy ; and when all the petty 
 kingdoms came under the sway of Egbert, London became 
 the Metropolis of England. Westminster was called 
 Thorney Island, being insulated by a small stream, called 
 in modern times Longditch, the track of which has been 
 traced from the Thames at "Manchester Buildings across 
 King Street by Gardeners Lane round to Tothill Street, 
 and thence to the river at the end of Abingdon Street, and 
 covered over with thorn bushes. It was named Westminster 
 from its Abbey, being situated to the west of London, or 
 to distinguish it from St. Paul's. In very old grants the 
 Abbey is described as being " in loco terribili ! " 
 
 Saxon Remains. Two stone coffins found in Cheapside, 
 Jan. 1837. In Thames Street, opposite Dowgate Lane, 
 was found, in April 1839, a very curious brooch, in the 
 possession of C. R. Smith, Esq. F.S.A. of gold and ena- 
 mel, representing a crowned head. 
 
 Cathedral. Commenced in the seventh century, by King 
 Ethel bert, who had been converted by St. Augustine, the 
 JV.postle of the English ; destroyed by fire in 1083 ; re- 
 built in the time of William Rufus, by Bishop Maurice ; 
 and again burnt in Sept. 1666, in the great fire of London. 
 47,000 loads of rubbish were removed, and the first 
 stone of the present structure was laid June 21, 1675; 
 opened for divine service Dec. 2, 1697, on the occa-
 
 LONDOW AND WESTJIINSTEH. 
 
 sion of the thanksgiving for the peace of Ruyswiclr; 
 begun and finished in a space of 35 years, by one archi- 
 tect, Sir Christopher Wren, one principal mason, Mr. 
 Strong, and during one bishopric, that of Dr. Henry 
 Compton ; the total expense 736,752. 2*. 3(1., of which 
 130,000 was raised by subscription. The dome, or 
 cupola, is the most striking feature of the whole edifice. 
 It is 112 feet in diameter, and 215 feet in height.* 
 The following are the dimensions of the church : 
 
 feet. 
 . 500 
 
 Length from east to west, within the walls . 
 Length from north to south, within the doors of 
 
 the porticos 
 
 The breadth of the west entrance 
 
 Circuit of entire building 
 
 Circumference of Cupola 
 
 Diameter of Ball .... 
 
 From the Ball to the top of the Cross . 
 
 Diameter of Columns of portico . 
 
 Height to top of west pediment, under the figure 
 
 of St. Paul 
 
 Height of Campaniles of west front 
 
 286 
 
 100 
 
 2292 
 
 430 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 120 
 
 287 
 
 Abbeys. Our Lady of Grace, Tower Hill, founded by 
 
 Edward III. 1349-50. 
 Westminster, generally believed to be founded by Sebert 
 
 King of the East Saxons, previous to the year 616; 
 
 destroyed by the Danes and rebuilt by King Edgar in 
 
 958 ; again rebuilt by Edward the Confessor in 1065, 
 
 * The Dome of St. Sophia at Constantinople, erected in the 
 time of Justinian, is 115 feet diameter, and 201 in height ; that 
 of St. Maria delle Fiore, at Florence, 139 feet diameter, and 
 310 high ; and that of St. Peter, at Rome, 139 feet diameter, and 
 330 high.
 
 ANTIENT STATE AND REMAINS. 9 
 
 part of whose work remains on the south side; constituted 
 a place of inaug-uration for the kings of England by Pope 
 Nicholas II.; present church principally built by Henry 
 the Third ; Our Lady's Chapel was begun in 1502, by 
 Henry the Seventh, and thence called after him; Henry 
 the Eig-hth converted it into a Cathedral and Bishop's See; 
 and Edward the Sixth dissolved the See and made it into 
 a College ; Queen Mary again made it an Abbey ; and 
 Elizabeth founded the present Dean and Chapter ; Oliver 
 Cromwell converted it into barracks for soldiers ; the 
 towers, 225 feet high, were erected by Sir Christopher 
 Wren, but have more in them to condemn than to admire. 
 The northern entrance is very beautiful, and is called 
 Solomon's Porch. The Abbey, in the interior, is 360 
 feet long, and from transept to transept 195 feet; the 
 nave is 72 feet broad; Henry the Seventh's Chapel is 
 99 feet in length, 26 in breadth, and 54 in height. Henry 
 the Seventh's Chapel was, early in the present century, 
 completely repaired with Bath stone, at a cost of 42,000 ; 
 executed by Mr. Gayfere, Master-mason of the Abbey. 
 
 Priories. St. Bartholomew, founded by Raherus, the 
 king's justice, about 1102. (Vide under Churches.) 
 
 Holy Trinity, Aldgate, founded by Matilda, queen of 
 Henry I. in 1108. It was the richest priory in England. 
 
 Nunneries. Holywell, between Holy well Lane and Norton 
 Falgate, founded temp. Richard I. by Sir Robert Fitz- 
 gelran ; refounded by Sir Thomas Lovel in 1510. 
 
 Holy Trinity, Minories, founded by Edward Earl of Lan- 
 caster, brother of Edward I. 129.3, and his wife Blanch 
 Queen of Navarre, for nuns of the order of St. Clare. 
 
 St. Helen's, Bishopsgate Street, founded 1212, by WiUiani 
 Basing.
 
 10 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Friaries. Augustine, near Broad Street, founded 1253 by 
 Humphrey de Bohun, 9th Earl of Hereford ; remains used 
 as a Dutch Chux-ch. 
 
 Black, between Ludgate and the Thames, where, among 
 many other illustrious individuals, were interred, the heart 
 of Queen Alianor, the foundress ; her son Alphonso ; 
 Margaret Queen of Scots ; Hubert de Burgh, Earl of 
 Kent ; John of Eltham, Duke of Cornwall, brother of 
 Edward III ; and King James of Spain. 
 
 Crutched or Crossed, near Tower Hill, founded by Ralph 
 Hosier and William Labernes, about 1298. 
 
 De Sacca, founded by Henry III. on site of the original 
 synagogue of London at the corner of Old Jewry and 
 Lothbury. 
 
 Dominican, by Hubert de Burgh in 1242, in Holborn; re- 
 founded at Ludgate by Archbishop Kilwarby, 1279. 
 
 Grey, or Franciscan, near Christ's Hospital, founded 1225, 
 by John Ewin, mercer. Here were buried, Margaret, 
 queen of Edward I.; Isabel, queen of Edward II. with 
 the heart of her husband ; Joan, wife of Edward Bruce, 
 King of Scots ; and many other persons of high rank and 
 distinction. 
 
 White, or Carmelite, near the Temple, founded by Richard 
 Gray, knight, in 1241. 
 
 Preceptory. The order of Knights Templars was instituted 
 about 1117 or 1118, and were bound to wage war against 
 the pagans, and defend the pilgrims to the Temple at 
 Jerusalem ; they established themselves in England temp. 
 Stephen, and first settled near Holborn, on the site of the 
 present Southampton Buildings, where upwards of a cen- 
 tury ago some remains were discovered of their original 
 temple, constructed in a circular form, like the more 
 ancient part of the present church, erected by them on
 
 ANTIENT STATE AND REMAINS. 11 
 
 their removal, in the time of Hen. II. to an extensive plot 
 of ground between Fleet Street and the Thames. The 
 Knights were suppressed and dispossessed in 1312 ; the 
 estates regranted to the Knights Hospitallers of St. John 
 of Jerusalem, by order of the Council of Vienna, in 
 1324. The Temple Church was dedicated in honour of 
 the blessed Mary by Heraclius, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 
 about 1185, who was at that time being entertained by 
 the Knights Templars. It was most probably the western 
 or round tower part. The body of the church was com- 
 pleted in 1240, and is a pure specimen of the period. 
 (Vide under Churches.) 
 
 Colleges. Allhallows Barking, founded by Richard III, 
 Corpus Christi, in St. Lawrence Pountney, by Sir John de 
 
 Poultney 1346. 
 Holy Ghost, founded by Roger Holmes, 1400. 
 Jesus Commons, Dowgate. 
 Lancaster, founded by Henry IV. and the executors of 
 
 John of Gaunt, 
 St. Martin's le Grand, founded by Ingelricus and Edward 
 
 or Gerard, his brother, 1056. 
 Saint Michael, Paternoster Royal, founded by the celebrated 
 
 Sir Richard Whittington (four times Lord Mayor of 
 
 London), between 1396 and 1419, afterwards converted 
 
 into almshouses for 13 poor men, and since taken down 
 
 for removal to Highgate. 
 
 Hospitals. Saint Anthony's, in Threadneedle Street, 
 founded by Henry II. as a cell to one at Vienna. 
 
 St. Augustine Papey, near Bevis Marks, founded 1430, 
 by two or three priests. 
 
 Blessed Mary, Bishopsgate, founded by Sheriff Simon 
 Fitzmary, 1246.
 
 12 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Domus Conversorum, founded by Henry III. on site of 
 Rolls Chapel. 
 
 Elsynge in St. Alphage, founded 1331, by William Mercer, 
 converted into a college 1340. 
 
 St. Giles, Whitecross Street, founded temp. Edw. I. 
 
 St. Giles in the Fields, for lepers, by Queen Matilda, 1102. 
 
 St. James, Westminster, for lepers, founded ante 1100. 
 
 St. Mary Bethlehem, Bishopsgate Street, by Simon Fitz 
 Mary, 1246. 
 
 St. Mary Spital, without Bishopsgate, founded by Walter 
 Brune and Roesiahis wife, 1197- 
 
 St. Michael, Crooked Lane, by Sir William Walworth 1380. 
 
 Rounceval, Charing Cross, founded by William Marischal, 
 Earl of Pembroke, temp. Henry III. on site of Northum- 
 berland House. 
 
 Savoy, founded by Henry VII. for priests to stand at their 
 gate to take in objects of charity and feed them; sup- 
 pressed 7 Edw. VI. and re-founded by Mary. 
 
 St. Thomas of Aeon, now Mercers' Hali, founded temp. 
 Henry II. by Thomas Fitz Theobald de Heili and his 
 wife Agnes, sister to the famous St. Thomas a Becket. 
 
 Chapel. St. Michael, built by Prior Norman, 1189; 
 some remains exist under the house No. 71, Leadenhall 
 Street. 
 
 Hermitages. All Hallows, London Wall. 
 
 St. James's on the Wall, near Lambe's Chapel, founded by 
 
 Henry HI. for Robert de St. Lawrence. 
 Tower, ante temp. Henry III. 
 Westminster, Charing Cross.
 
 ANTIENT STATE AND REMAINS. 13 
 
 Castles. Baynard's, erected by one of William's Norman 
 attendants of that name, and stood on the site of the 
 Carron Iron Works, Thames Street, Blackfriars. 
 
 Tower, begun, in 1076, by William the Norman, and 
 completed by William Rufus, who surrounded it with 
 walls and a ditch. Henry III. in 1240, added gates and 
 other fortifications, and Edward IV. built the Lion's 
 Tower. In the Keep or White Tower, is a Norman 
 chapel, erected by Guiidulph Bishop of Rochester. There 
 is also another to St. Peter ad Vincula, erected temp. 
 Edward I. Its extent is thirteen acres one rood, and 
 the circuit round the ditch is about a quarter of a mile. 
 
 Crosses. Charing, one of those erected in honour of 
 
 Queen Eleanor. 
 Cheap, stood at the end of Wood Street, Cheapside. 
 Paul's, before the Cathedral on the north-east. 
 
 Mansions and Old Houses. Aldersgate Street, formerly 
 Half Moon Tavern, and Thanet House, built by Inigo 
 Jones. 
 
 Beech Lane, Barbican, Prince Rupert's. 
 
 Bishopsgate Street, Sir Paul Pindar's, now a public house, 
 under the sign of " The Flying Horse." 
 
 Cock public house, in Tothill Street, where it is said the 
 pay table during the building of Westminster Abbey was 
 kept, temp. Henry III. 
 
 Crosby Hall, Bishopsgate Street, built by Sir John 
 Crosby, Sheriff of London, in 1470; the great hall (55 
 feet long, 27 broad, and 40 high), council chamber, and 
 some vaults, remain ; the roof or ceiling of the hall is 
 *' decidedly one of the finest specimens of timber work in 
 existence." A committee was formed to secure its pre-
 
 14 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 servation, and a public subscription entered into in 1832, 
 and, being now restored, it has been used for several public 
 purposes. 
 
 Ely House, the town mansion of the Bishops of Ely, chapel 
 of St. Etheldreda remains. 
 
 Golden Lane, Barbican, Queen's Nursery. 
 
 Grub Street, General Monk's. 
 
 Hounsditch, in Seven-step Alley, Gravel Lane, remains a 
 very handsome antient mansion. 
 
 Lincoln's Inn Gate and Hall, erected temp. Henry VII. 
 
 Northumberland House, Charing Cross, erected by Bernard 
 Janssen, temp. James I. 
 
 St. James's Palace Gate. 
 
 Staple's Inn. 
 
 Van Dun's almshouses, York Street, Westminster, erected 
 temp. Eliz. 
 
 Winchester House, Winchester Street, built by the Mar- 
 quess of Winchester, temp. Hen. VIII. or Edw. VI.; 
 pulled down in 1839 (see in the Gentleman's Magazine, 
 for that year, a view of it taken just before its destruction).
 
 15 
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 
 
 RIVER. 
 
 The Thames, the great source of London's prosperity, is 
 in length more than 200 miles. To Lechlade in Glouces- 
 tershire, a distance of 138 miles from London, it is navi- 
 gable for vessels of 90 tons. In its progress it forms a 
 boundary to the counties of Essex, Kent, Middlesex, 
 Surrey, Bucks, and Berks. The tide flows as high as 
 Richmond, a distance of 70 miles from the ocean, being 
 a greater distance than the tide is carried by any other 
 river in Europe. The jurisdiction of the Lord Mayor of 
 London over it extends from Sheerness to Staines ; and 
 he holds four Courts of Conservancy every year, in June 
 and July. 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 Great Western Railway, from Paddington to Bristol, a dis- 
 tance of 117^ miles; engineer, Brunei, jun.; date of Act 
 1835 ; partly opened at several times, and the whole way 
 to Bristol, June 1841. 
 
 West London, or Thames Junction, from the Great Western 
 and Birmingham Railways, near Holsden Green, to the 
 Thames, Smiles; begun in 1836, but works suspended 
 for want of funds. 
 
 London and Birmingham Railway, 112'miles from Euston 
 Square, act obtained 1833, commenced 1834, engineer 
 Stephenson, opened 17th Sept. 1838 ; on the line are 
 eight tunnels ; cost 4,983,849 ; capital, 5,500,000.
 
 16 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Eastern Counties, from High Street, Shoreditch, by Colches- 
 ter, to Norwich and Yarmouth, 126 miles ; date of Act 
 1836 ; opened as far as Brentwood 1840 ; capital, 
 5,000,000 ; engineer, John Braithwaite. 
 Northern and Eastern Railway, from the Eastern Counties 
 Line to Bishop's Stortford ; Act obtained 1836 ; opened 
 1841, as far as Harlow; cost 26,000 per mile; engineers. 
 Walker and R. Stephenson. 
 London and Blackwall, from Fenchurch Street 3^ miles to 
 the Thames at Blackwall, where are extensive storehouses, 
 and a spacious wharf; date of Act 1836; opened July 
 6, 1840, except half a mile at the London end ; trains 
 worked by stationary engines by means of ropes ; the 
 starting of the trains is regulated by an electric telegraph ; 
 the terminus at Blackwall is a large and well designed 
 building; engineers, Stephenson and Bidder. 
 London and Greenwich Railway, 3| miles from London 
 Bridge, on arches all the way (878 in number) ; date 
 of first Act 1833; opened as far as Deptford in 1835; 
 and the whole distance in 1838 ; probable cost, including 
 stations at London, Greenwich, and Deptford, about 
 1,000,000; Landmann, engineer; the viaduct is now 
 being widened for two lines of rails, so as to afford 
 accommodation for the Brighton and South Eastern 
 traffic. 
 London and Croydon, 8| miles, (and thence to Brighton 
 4U miles) ; date of Act 1835 ; opened to Croydon 1839; 
 commences from the Greenwich Line ; cost 661,000 ; 
 engineer, Joseph Gibbs. 
 South Western Railway, from Nine Elms, near Vauxhall 
 Bridge, to Southampton ; date of Act 1834 ; opened 
 May 12, 1838, as far as Woking Common, and the whole 
 line, a distance of 76i miles, in 1840 ; capital, 2, 140,000; 
 cost 26,788 per mile ; engineers, Giles and Locke.
 
 17 
 
 PUBLIC EDIFICES AND INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Active Life Assurance, Cornhill. 
 
 Adelaide Gallery {vide Royal Gallery of Practical Science). 
 Adelphi, The, buildings designed by Messrs. John, Robert, 
 and James Adam, on the North bank of the Thames, 
 near the Strand. 
 Adelphi Theatre, Strand; commenced in 1802; very rich 
 fa9ade, erected 1840, and completed within little more 
 than a fortnight. 
 Admiralty, built by Ripley, temp. George II. on site of Wal- 
 lingford House ; the portico is heavy and tasteless; and 
 a screen by Adams was afterwards erected to hide it; 
 this screen was mutilated some years since to form new 
 carriage entrances; on the top of the house is a semaphore 
 telegraph. 
 Admiralty Court, Doctors' Commons. 
 Adult Orphan Asylum, Regent's Park, for the relief and 
 education of daughters of clergymen, and of military and 
 naval officers ; founded in 1820. 
 Aged Christians' Society, 32, Sackville Street. 
 Agricultural (Royal) Society, Regent Street ; incorporated 
 
 1840, for the improving of English agriculture. 
 Albany Chambers, Piccadilly, furmerly the residence of the 
 Duke of York, son of George III. ; a fine range of 
 buildings. The centre mansion was erected by Sir Wil- 
 liam Chambers, for Lord Melbourne. 
 Albion Club, 85, St. James's Street. 
 Alfred Club, 23, Albemarle Street. 
 Alien Office, Crown Street, Westminster. 
 Alliance British and Foreign Life and Fire Assurance Offic.e, 
 
 Bartholomew Lane. 
 Alliance Club, 79, Pail Mall,
 
 18 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Almack'8 Rooms, King Street, St. James's, where the most 
 aristocratic assemblies are held. 
 
 Amicable Society, Life Insurance Office, Serjeants' Inn, 
 incorporated by charter of Queen Anne in 1706; the 
 oldest office of the kind in existence. 
 
 Antiquaries Society, Somerset House, originally founded 
 about 1580; revived 1717; incorporated 1751. 
 
 Apothecaries' Hall, Union Street, Blackfriars, incorporated 
 1617. 
 
 Architects (vide Royal Institute of British Architects). 
 
 Architectural Society, 35, Lincoln's Inn Fields, instituted 1 831 . 
 
 Argus Life Assurance, Throgmorton Street, established 
 1 833. 
 
 Armourers' and Braziers' Hall, Coleman Street ; incorporated 
 by Henry VI. 
 
 Array and Navy Club, St. James's Square. 
 
 Army Medical Officers' Benevolent Fund Society, 5, Berke- 
 ley Street, Piccadilly, founded in 1820. 
 
 Asiatic (Royal) Society, Grafton Street ; incorporated 1824. 
 
 Astronomical (Royal) Society, Lincoln's Inn Fields; 
 established 1820. 
 
 Athenaeum Club House, Carlton Gardens, Pall Mall, esta- 
 blished in 1824, for the association of literary and scien- 
 tific gentlemen and their patrons ; erected in 1829; archi- 
 tect, Decimus Burton ; the frieze is a copy of the pana- 
 thenaic procession, which formed the frieze of the Parthe- 
 non. The statue of Minerva, over the portico, is by Baily. 
 
 Atlas Assurance Company, Cheapside ; established 1808. 
 
 Auction Mart, Bartholomew Lane, for the sale of estates, 
 &c. erected by subscription, between 1808 and 1810 ; 
 architect, John Walters. It contains a spacious saloon, 
 coffee room, &c. ; very elegant building. 
 
 Australian Agricultural Company, Coleman Street, esta- 
 blished 1824.
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 19 
 
 Bakers' Hall, Harp Lane, Great Tower Street. 
 
 Bank, Threadneedle Street, incorporated by Act 1694 ; 
 present building begun by George Sampson in 1732 ; 
 extended by Sir Robert Taylor between 1766 and 
 1788 ; since which time so many alterations and erec- 
 tions have been made by Sir John Soane, that the whole 
 pile of buildings may be considered to be from that archi- 
 tect's designs. They have been constructed with incom- 
 bustible materials ; the principal entrance is on the 
 south, in Threadneedle Street ; this fagade is very 
 profusely decorated ; but the north and west eleva- 
 tions are more simply grand. The Temple of Venus 
 at Tivoli supplied the order and forms. This exten- 
 sive pile covers an irregular. area of about eight acres ; 
 and comprises nine open courts, a spacious rotunda, an 
 armoury, engraving and printing offices, library, apart- 
 ments for officers and servants, and numerous large 
 offices for the different public stocks. The south front 
 measures 365 feet, west side 440 feet, north side 410 feet, 
 east side 245 feet. The entrance to the Bullion Court 
 was designed from the triumphal arch of Constantine 
 at Rome, and the chief Cashiers office, from the tem- 
 ple of the Sun and Moon at Rome. In the Pay Hall is 
 a marble statue of William III. by Cheere, and over this 
 apartment, but in a separate building, is a clock, which 
 shows the exact time in sixteen different offices, which is 
 effected by brass rods weighing about 700 lbs. The late 
 Dividend Warrant Office is a very richly decorated apart- 
 ment ; built by Mr. Cockerell, the present architect of the 
 Bank. 
 
 Bankruptcy Court, Guildhall, erected 1820 ; architect, 
 Fowler. 
 
 Barber-Surgeons' Hall, Monkwell Street, erected by Inigo
 
 20 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Jones, and esteemed one of his best works. Here is a pic- 
 ture by Holbein of Henry VHI. giving the charter to the 
 Company, in which is a portrait of Dr. Butts, who is men- 
 tioned by Shakspere. Part of the building was formed 
 out of one of the barbicans of the old London Wall. 
 Belgrave Literary Institution, Pimlico, established 1833. 
 Bernard's Inn, Holborn, an appendage to Gray's Inn ; has 
 
 a small hall. 
 Blackfriars' Bridge, of nine arches, erected withPortland stone; 
 commenced in June 1760, and finished in 1770; Mr. Robert 
 Mylne, a Scotch architect; cost 152,840; length 995 
 feet, width 42, and height 62 ; the span of the centre arch 
 is 100 feet ; surface of waterway 793 ; and space of piers 
 207 feet ; breadth of carriage way 28 feet, footpath 7 feet, 
 on each side ; repaired at an expense of 74,035 in 1840; 
 when the road was lowered in the centre and raised at 
 each end, and made equal to a new bridge. 
 Board of Control, Cannon Row, Westminster, for the direc- 
 tion of East Indian affairs ; architect, Wm. Atkinson ; 
 brick, with stone Ionic portico. 
 Boodle's Club, 28, St. James's Street 
 Botanic (Royal) Society, Pall Mall, established 1840. The 
 
 Society are laying out gardens in the Regent's Park. 
 Brewers' Hall, Addle Street, Cheapside. 
 Bricklayers' Hall, Leadenhall Street ; lately used as a Jews' 
 
 synagogue. 
 Bridewell, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, founded (on site of 
 a house inhabited by Cardinal Wolsey in 1522, and rebuilt 
 by Henry VIII. for the accommodation of the Emperor 
 Charles V.) in 1553, by Edward VI. ; destroyed by the 
 fire in 1666 ; hospital rebuilt 1668 ; used as a house of 
 correction for city apprentices, and for dissolute persons. 
 Taking its name from the neighbouring well of St. Bride, 
 it has given it to buildings for similar purposes elsewhere.
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 21 
 
 Britannia Life Assurance, Prince's Street, Bank, incorpo- 
 rated by Act, 1840, 
 
 British Artists' Society, Suffolk Street, Pall Mall East ; 
 established in consequence of the Royal Academy not 
 having room for all the pictures sent in for exhibition ; 
 opened 1824. 
 
 British and Foreign Bible Society ; instituted 1801. Offices, 
 Earl Street, Blackfriars. 
 
 British Fire and Life Office, Strand ; instituted 1799 ; 
 rebuilt by Cockerell ; of Grecian Doric. 
 
 British Institution, Pall Mall, founded June 4, 1805, prin- 
 cipally through the exertions of Sir Thomas Bernard, 
 for exhibiting the works of British Artists for sale ; and 
 of the most celebrated ancient and modern masters, for 
 the study of pupils ; the sculpture in front of the gallery, 
 which was erected by Alderman Boydell for his Shakspere 
 gallery, represents Shakspere, accompanied by Painting 
 and Poetry, designed by Banks. 
 
 British Lying-in Hospital, Brownlow Street, Drury Lane ; 
 established 1749. 
 
 British Museum, Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, originally 
 Montagu House, built by Ralph first Duke of Montagu, 
 about 1687; architect, Peter Puget; purchased and re- 
 paired by the Parliament, at a cost of 30,000, for the 
 reception of the Sloaneian, Cottonian, and Harleian Col- 
 lections, and opened for study and inspection, Jan. 15, 
 1759 ; enlarged 1804, architect, Saunders, for the recep- 
 tion of the Townleian Marbles. The whole Museum is in 
 the course of being rebuilt after the designs of Sir Robert 
 Smirke. 
 
 Brookes's Club, 61, St. James's Street. 
 
 Buckingham Palace, St. James's Park, architect, Nash ; 
 begun 1826 ; first inhabited by Queen Victoria.
 
 22 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Burlington Arcade, a covered communication for foot pas- 
 sengers, from Piccadilly to Burlington Gardens, with a 
 range of shops on each side, erected in 1815, by Lord 
 George Cavendish, the owner of Burlington House; de- 
 signed by Samuel Ware, Esq. 
 
 Butchers' Hall, Pudding Lane, rebuilt after being destroyed 
 by fire in 1829. 
 
 Carlton Club House, Pall Mall, established 1834; architect. 
 Sir Robert Smirke. 
 
 Carpenters' Hall, London Wall, with bust of Inigo Jones 
 over the archway ; now used as a carpet warehouse. 
 
 Central Criminal Courts, Old Bailey, for the speedy trial of 
 prisoners charged with offences within ten miles of Lon- 
 don ; holds eight sessions in the year ; tried in two 
 Courts. 
 
 Charing Cross Hospital, for sick and accidents ; established 
 mainly through the exertions of Dr. Golding ; first stone 
 laid by the Duke of Sussex, Sept. 15, 1831 ; neat fa9ade. 
 
 Charter House, formerly a Carthusian priory ; converted, 
 in 1611, into a hospital for eighty decayed gentlemen, 
 who had been merchants or military men, by Thomas 
 Sutton, Esq. who did not live to see it finished ; there is 
 also a school for forty-four boys, but the boys not on the 
 foundation make it one of the largest public schools. 
 
 Christ's Hospital, or Blue Coat School, founded by Edward 
 VL on site of a house of Grey Friars, Newgate Street; 
 a new infirmary was built in 1820 ; a noble hall of Hay- 
 tor granite, commenced in April 1825, was opened May 
 29, 1829. It is in the Pointed style, on an arcade; archi- 
 tect, John Shaw ; is 187 feet long, 51 wide, and 47 high, 
 and is decorated by several fine pictures illustrative of the 
 history of the place ; grammar and mathematical schools, 
 of brick, in the Elizabethan style, architect, Shaw ;
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 23 
 
 opened 1832. From 1,000 to 1,400 are here educated 
 annually ; and the revenues of the hospital are estimated 
 at 50,000. 
 
 Christian Knowledge Society's Offices, Lincoln's Inn Fields. 
 
 Church Building Society, St. Martin's Place, incorporated in 
 1818 to assist by grants of money the erection and exten- 
 sion of churches and chapels in the United Kingdom ; 
 nearly 400 have already been built through their help. 
 
 City of London Literary and Scientific Institution, Alders- 
 gate Street, on site of house occupied by Milton ; esta- 
 blished June 1825. 
 
 City of London Royal British School, Poppin's Court, Fleet 
 Street, for 600 children. 
 
 City of London School, on site of Honey Lane Market, 
 founded by John Carpenter, Town Clerk, in the time of 
 Henry VI. ; first stone of present building, which is ex- 
 tensive, and in the Pointed style, was laid by Lord 
 Brougham, Oct. 21, 1835; architect, J. B. Bunning. 
 
 Civil Engineers' Society, Great George Street, Westminster ; 
 incorporated 1828. 
 
 Clarence Club, 12, Waterloo Place. 
 
 Clement's Inn, Strand, appendage to the Inner Temple; has 
 a hall with a portrait of Sir Matthew Hale, and in the 
 garden is a sun-dial, supported by a kneeling negro, 
 brought from Italy by Lord Clare. 
 
 Clerical and Medical Life Assurance Office, Great Russell 
 Street, Bloomsbury ; established in 1824. 
 
 Clifford's Inn, Fleet Street, appendage to the Inner Temple. 
 It was formerly the mansion of the Lords Clifford. It 
 has a hall in which is an oak case of great antiquity. 
 
 Clothworkers' Almshouses, Monkwell Street, for ten free- 
 men of their company ; chapel in pointed style ; architect. 
 Angel.
 
 24 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Clothworkers' Hall, Mincing Lane ; the Court-room is hand- 
 some, and here are carvings of James I. and Charles I. 
 
 Coachmakers' Hall, Noble Street, Falcon Square. 
 
 Coal Exchange, Thames Street, erected in 1825 ; a conve- 
 nient and neat structure. 
 
 Coldbath Fields Prison. Vide Middlesex House of Correc- 
 tion, in the account of Middlesex. 
 
 College of Physicians. Their first College was in Knight 
 Rider Street, in a house presented to them by Dr. Lin- 
 acre, physician to Henry VII. and VIIT., who died in 
 1524. They afterwards removed to Amen Corner, which 
 was burnt in the fire of London in 1666. They then 
 purchased an extensive plot of ground in AVarwick Lane, 
 Newgate Street, where a building, still existing, was 
 erected between 1674 and 1689, from the designs, and 
 under the superintendence of Sir Christopher Wren ; 
 and with statues of King Charles II. and Sir John Cut- 
 ler, satirised by Pope. The college was removed to a 
 new building in Pall Mall East, erected from designs by 
 Sir Robert Smirke ; hexastyle Ionic portico. 
 
 College of Surgeons, Lincoln's Inn Fields, incorporated in 
 1800; a spacious building containing a large museum, 
 the basis of which was the collections of John Hunter ; 
 and to which the public are admitted by order of a mem- 
 ber every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. 
 
 Colosseum, Regent's Park. Vide under the head of Mary- 
 LEBONE, in Middlesex. 
 
 Commercial Hall, Mincing Lane, for public sale of Colonial 
 produce, erected 1811 ; architect, Joseph Woods ; in the 
 front are emblematic basso-relievos by J. G. Bubb, of Hus- 
 bandry, Science, Britannia, Commerce, and Navigation. 
 
 Coopers' Hall, Basinghall Street, of brick.
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 25 
 
 CordwHiners' Hall, Distaff Lane. 
 
 Corn Exchange, Mark Lane, (Old) a quadrangle, sur- 
 rounded by a colonnade ; (New) elegant building, ad- 
 joining the Old, with handsome fluted Doric portico at 
 the entrance ; the columns of the interior have capitals 
 formed of wheat-sheafs ; erected 1828; architect, Smith. 
 
 Covent Garden Market, the best in England for herbs, 
 fruits, and flowers ; the piazza designed by Inigo Jones ; 
 the present Market by C. Fowler; erected by the late Duke 
 ofBedfordinI830. 
 
 Covent Garden Theatre ; the first theatre on its present site 
 built in 1730, and opened in 1733; ground rent to the 
 Duke of Bedford 100 per annum ; partly rebuilt in 
 1792, from a design by Holland, when the Duke granted 
 a new lease at 940 per ann. ; burnt down Sept. 20, 
 1808; present theatre commenced Dec. 31, 1808, and 
 opened Sept 18, 1809, cost 150,000; the ground rent 
 now above 2,000 per ann. The portico is Grecian 
 Doric, from the temple of Minerva, in the Acropolis at 
 Athens ; the whole front of the theatre is decorated by 
 basso-relievo representations of the drama, ancient and 
 modern ; in the ante-room is a large statue of Shakspere, 
 by Rossi, in yellow marble ; the form of the auditory is 
 that of the horse-shoe; the width at the extremities is 
 51 feet 2 inches, and the depth, from the front lights to 
 the front of the boxes, 52 feet 9 inches ; the house will 
 accommodate, in the boxes (exclusive of the private ones) 
 1,200 persons; the pit 750; second gallery 500; first 
 gallery 350 ; in all, 2,800. 
 Council Chamber, Whitehall, architect. Sir John Soane ; 
 
 erected 1825. 
 County Fire Office, Regent Street, established 1806, chiefly 
 by the exertions of Mr. Barber Beaumont; present edifice
 
 26 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 erected by Mr. Nash in 1819; "an iudiiferent copy" 
 of the water front of Old Somerset House, designed 
 by Inig-o Jones. 
 Courts op Law, on the western side of Westminster Hall, 
 built by Sir John Soane, in 1827 ; they are seven in 
 number, and have suitable rooms and passages ; the 
 Queen s Bench Court is 35 feet 6 inches long, 30 feet 
 wide, and 26 feet 6 inches high ; the Baii Court, 30 feet 
 6 inches long, 28 feet wide, and 23 feet 6 inches high ; 
 the Court of Exchequer, 52 feet long, 31 feet 7 inches 
 wide, and 26 feet high ; Court of Equity, 31 feet long, 
 23 feet 7 inches wide, and 24 feet high ; Court of C-om- 
 tnon Pleas, 41 feet long, 33 feet wide, and 24 feet high ; 
 F'ice Chancellor s Court, 36 feet long, 25 feet wide, and 
 29 feet high ; Lord Chancellor's Court, 36 feet long, 33 
 feet wide, and 28 feet high. In these Courts the con- 
 trivances for light are admirable. 
 Courts of Law, Guildhall, erected 1823 ; architect, 
 
 W. Mountague. 
 Crockford's Club House, 50, St. James's Street. 
 Crown Life Assurance Office, Bridge Street, Blackfriars ; 
 
 established in 1824. 
 Curriers' Hall, London Wall, plain brick edifice, erected 
 
 1820. 
 Custom House, Lower Thames Street, spacious and commo- 
 dious structure, erected from designs by David Laing, 
 first stone laid Oct. 25, 1813; completed May 12, 1817; 
 480 feet long and 100 deep ; cost 268,.520 ; almost in- 
 destructible by fire ; the long room, 190 feet long, 55 
 high, and 66 broad, fell in in 1825, but was subsequently 
 rebuilt at the cost of the architect; the alto-relievos, in 
 artificial stone, are by J. G. Bubb. 
 Cutlers' Hall, Cloak Lane, Great St. Thomas Apostle.
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 27 
 
 Cymmrodorian Society, established 1820. 
 
 Diorama, Regent's Park. F'ide under Marylebone, in 
 the account of Middlesex. 
 
 Dissenting Ministers' Library, Red Cross Street, Cripple- 
 gate; founded by Mr. Daniel Williams, who died in 1716, 
 for the use of Protestant Dissenting Ministers. Here is 
 a collection of portraits of non-conformist divines. 
 
 Docks, East and West India. Fide Poplar, in Middlesex. 
 
 Doctors' Commons, wherein is held the Admiralty Court ; 
 the Court of Arches, or highest Ecclesiastical Court in 
 the kingdom ; the Court of Delegates ; and the Preroga- 
 tive Court of Canterbury, for the probate and administra- 
 tion of wills. 
 
 Drapers' Hall, Throgmorton Street, on the site of the resi- 
 dence of Cromwell Earl of Essex, temp. Henry VIII. ; 
 purchased by the Drapers on his disgrace ; a spacious 
 quadrangle with broad piazza ; architect, Jarman ; the 
 screen in the hall is very fine ; south front by Adams. 
 
 Drury Lane Theatre ; the first Theatre in Drury Lane was 
 the Cockpit, opposite the Castle Tavern, built in 1617; 
 rebuilt in 1629; new theatre upon nearly the site of the 
 present edifice, opened in 1663 ; burnt down 1672; rebuilt 
 by Sir Christopher Wren and opened in 1674; enlarged 
 by Garrick and opened in 1762; pulled down in 1791, 
 and rebuilt, the opening taking place on March 12, 1794 ; 
 burnt to the ground Feb. 24, 1809 ; first stone of present 
 edifice laid Oct. 29, 1811, and opened Oct. 10, 1812, 
 architect Mr. B. Wyatt; it was partly built on the plan 
 of the great theatre at Bordeaux, supposed to be the 
 best theatre in Europe for the accurate conveyance of mu- 
 sical sounds ; the rotunda and grand staircase have a pe- 
 culiarly striking effect ; the fronts of the dress boxes have 
 a series of representations from the most popular of
 
 28 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Shakspere's dramas ; the boxes (exclusive of private 
 boxes, which hold 320) hold 1030 ; the pit 800 ; second 
 gallery 550 ; upper gallery 350 ; total 3060 ; the stage, 
 from the orchestra to the back wall, is 96 feet 3 inches, 
 and the width from wall to wall "Jl feet 5 inches. 
 
 Dutch Church, Austin Friars, formerly the nave of the 
 friary church, and built temp. Edw. III. but has beea 
 recently covered with compo. 
 
 Dyers' Hall, College Street, Dowgate Hill, rebuilt 1839. 
 
 Eagle Life Office, Cornhill ; established 1807. 
 
 East India House, Leadenhall Street, for conducting the 
 affairs of the East India Company, commenced in 1799, 
 on site of old building erected in 1726, from designs by 
 Mr. R. Jupp; since altered and extended by Cockerell and 
 Wilkins ; the front is 190 feet in length ; the tympanum of 
 the Ionic portico is embellished with sculptures of emble- 
 matical figures by Bacon. The Museum, containing a 
 vast collection of natural and artificial curiosities from the 
 East, is open to the public every Saturday, from ten till 
 four ; and, with the whole of the interior, is well worth 
 visiting. 
 
 Economic Life Assurance, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, esta- 
 blished 1823. 
 
 Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly, erected by Mr. Bullock in 1812, 
 and appropriated to the since-dispersed collection of the 
 London Museum ; architect, G. F. Robinson, whose de- 
 sign was taken from the great temple of Tentyra ; now 
 used as exhibition rooms. 
 
 Electrical Society, established 1837. 
 
 Emanuel Hospital, Tothill Fields, founded by Lady Anne 
 Dacre, in 1601, for ten men and ten women, and twenty 
 children ; under the patronage of the Lord Mayor and 
 Court of Aldermen.
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 29 
 
 Embroiderers' Hall, Gutter Lane, now used as a manufac- 
 tory. 
 
 English Opera House, partly built by Dr. Arnold, but not 
 licensed; rebuilt by his son at a cost of 80,000, and 
 opened in 1816; destroyed by fire in 1830, and rebuilt 
 the same year, near the former site ; Beazley was the 
 architect to the present and last theatres. 
 
 Entomological Society, Old Bond Street. 
 
 Erectheium Club, St. James's Square, opened 1840. 
 
 Excise Office, Broad Street, erected 1763, on site of Sir 
 Thomas Gresham's college ; spacious and noble. 
 
 Exeter Hall, Strand ; erected for the holding of religious 
 meetings of every character ; opened March 1831 ; the hall 
 is capable of containing 3,800 persons; architect, Gandy. 
 
 Farmers' Fire and Life Insurance, Norfolk Street, Strand, 
 established 1840. 
 
 Farringdon Market, for eatables, a parallelogram of about 
 one acre and a half; cost 212,000 ; opened Nov. 29, 
 1829 ; architect, W. Mountague. 
 
 Fellowship Porters' Hall, St. Mary-at-Hill. 
 
 Fishmongers' Hall, at the foot of London Bridge ; erected 
 in 1830, architect, Henry Roberts ; of the Ionic order, 
 with three fronts, all of which are separate compositions ; 
 a building of great merit. 
 
 Fleet Prison, Farringdon Street: originally built in the 
 time of Richard I. for Star Chamber prisoners; burnt 
 down in the riots of 1780, after which the present prison 
 was erected ; it is used for debtors, and for persons com- 
 mitted for contempt of the Court of Chancery. 
 
 Founders' Hall, Lothbury ; was used as a dissenting meeting 
 house for more than a century ; and has been Liken by 
 tlie French Congregation, removed from their old church 
 in Threadneedle Street. 
 
 Foundling Hospital, Guildford Street, began by Captain
 
 30 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Thomas Coram, about 1722 ; charter granted 1739 ; 
 building- began 1742 ; its founder died supported by charity 
 in 1751, aged 82, and was buried in its vaults. 
 
 Free Hospital, Greville Street, Hatton Garden. 
 
 Freemasons' Hall, in Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn 
 Fields; foundation stone laid with masonic rites May 1, 
 1775, and opened May 23, 1776, architect, Thomas 
 Sandby ; its length is 92 feet, breadth 43 feet, and height 
 upwards of 60 feet ; and is decorated by full-length por- 
 traits of illustrious Grand Masters ; cost, with the re- 
 building of the Tavern, 30,000. 
 
 Furnival's Inn, Holborn, so named from the residence of 
 one William le Furneval, temp. Richard II., appendage 
 to Lincoln's Inn ; rebuilt 1820, by Mr. Peto ; handsome 
 range of buildings. 
 
 Garrick Club, King Street, Covent Garden. 
 
 Garrick Theatre, Goodman's Fields, opened October 1830. 
 
 Geographical (Royal) Society, Regent Street. 
 
 Geological Society, instituted in 1807, to encourage the in- 
 vestigation of the formation and structure of the earth ; 
 incorporated 1826. 
 
 Gerard's Hall, Basing Lane, some interesting vaults of the 
 13th century. 
 
 Giltspur Street Compter, adjoining Newgate, built in 1791 ; 
 used for confinement of persons previous to trial. 
 
 Girdlers' Hall, Basinghall Street, handsome and convenient, 
 erected 1681. 
 
 Glo1)e Fire, Life and Annuity Assurance Offices, Cornhill 
 and Pall Mall ; established 1803. 
 
 Goldsmiths' Hall, Foster Lane, erected in 1833, on the site 
 of the old hall, which was pulled down in 1829 ; in the 
 Italian style; very handsome ; 159 feet in length by 100 
 in breadth ; architect, Hardwicke. 
 
 Gray's Inn, north side of Holborn, bequeathed to some stu-
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 31 
 
 dents of the law temp, Edward III. by one of the family 
 of Lords Grey of Wilton. In the hall is a curiously 
 carved oak screen, and some portraits. The garden is 
 spacious, and a great ornament. 
 
 Greencoat Hospital, or St. Margaret's Hospital, Tothill 
 Fields, founded in 1633, by King Charles I. ; rebuilt 
 in 1700 by Dr. Busby and Charles Twitty, esq. 
 
 Greycoat Hospital, or School, Tothill Fields, instituted 1698; 
 and letters patent obtained in 1706; 67 boys and 33 girls 
 are here maintained, clothed, and educated. 
 
 Grocers' Hall, Poultry, on site of mansion of the Lords 
 Fitzwalter, of whom the Company purchased it in 1411 ; 
 built between 1798 and 1802; architect, Leverton. 
 
 Grosvenor House and Gallery of Pictures, Park Lane; 
 architect, Cundy. 
 
 Guards (Royal) Club, 49, St. James's Street. 
 
 Guildhall, King Street, Cheapside, the public hall of the 
 city; originally built in 1411 ; repaired after the fire of 
 London ; and refronted in 1789 ; the hall is 153 feet long, 
 48 broad, and 55 in height, and will contain about 7,000 
 people. Besides the Hall is the Aldermen's Room ; a 
 Common Council Chamber, decorated with very fine 
 paintings ; and the Courts of Law. The present front, 
 except the archway, is modern ; east and west windows, 
 magnificent, and filled with painted glass ; at west window 
 are gigantic figures of Gog and Magog, supposed by 
 some to represent an ancient Briton and a Roman, and 
 by others to be a relic of druidic rites. The present 
 figures were made in 1708. The old crypt is in excellent 
 preservation, and a fine specimen, extending the whole 
 length of the hall ; height about 13 feet. 
 
 Guildhall, Westminster, near to the Abbey, erected in 1805, 
 on site of the old Sanctuary ; architect, S. P. Cockerell.
 
 32 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Haberdashers' Hall, Staining Lane, brick, large. 
 
 Hanover Square Rooms, for concerts, public meetings, &c. 
 
 Haymarket Theatre, first erected in 1720-1, by a builder 
 named Potter, and opened with French comedies, under 
 the patronage of the Duke of Montague ; pulled down in 
 1820; rebuilt, at a cost of 18,000, and opened July 4, 
 1821 ; architect, John Nash ; handsome Corinthian 
 portico. 
 
 Heralds' College, St. Bennet's Hill, St. Paul's, a quadrangu- 
 lar brick building, where the records of the descent of 
 families are preserved. It contains a large apartment for 
 the Earl Marshal's Court. 
 
 Historical Society of Science, established 1840, for the pub- 
 lication of works showing the progress of the sciences. 
 
 Horse Guards, Whitehall, begun in 1751, by Vardy, after 
 designs by Kent ; cost more than 30,000. The archway 
 is much too low; the park front is a rather handsome 
 elevation ; the turret inelegant and heavy. 
 
 Horticultural Society, Regent Street, instituted in 1804, 
 for improving the growth of fruit trees, &c. The Society 
 has very extensive gardens at Chisvvick, and their shows 
 are visited by many thousands of the most distinguished 
 people in the country. 
 
 House of Lords ; Royal entrance, and staircase, &c. to 
 the old one, erected by Sir John Soane in 1822-3 ; 
 and the Royal Gallery in the next year; most elaborately 
 ornamented. 
 
 Houses of Parliament, in the Pointed style, now in the 
 course of erection from designs by Barry ; foundation 
 stone of the river wall laid in March 1839. Upwards of 
 80 different designs were sent in for the undertaking, and 
 all were publicly exhibited after the decision of the Com- 
 missioners.
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 33 
 
 Hung-erford Market, Strand, begun by Sir Edward Hun- 
 gerford temp. Charles II. ; rebuilt by a Company in 
 1832 ; handsome and convenient ; architect, C. Fowler. 
 A Suspension Bridge for foot passengers to the Surrey 
 shore is now in the course of erection. 
 
 Hudson's Bay Company, Fenchurch Street, 
 
 Hyde Park, Grand Entrance, very noble and effective, de- 
 signed by Decimus Burton; the Triumphal Arch, opposite 
 to it and leading- into St. James's Park, down Consti- 
 tution Hill, is an elegant structure by the same architect. 
 It was erected in 1827, and called George the Fourth's Gate. 
 
 Imperial Life and Fire Office, Sun Court, Cornhill ; esta- 
 blished 1803. 
 
 Innholders' Hall, College Street, Upper Thames Street, 
 ancient brick edifice. 
 
 Insolvent Debtors' Court, Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn 
 Fields, erected in 1824 by Sir John Soane. 
 
 Ironmongers' Hall, Fenchurch Street, elegant building, 
 erected 1748 ; designed by T. Holden. 
 
 Italian Opera House, Haymarket, first built on the present 
 site in 1704, by Sir John Vanbrugh, who employed liis 
 interest and fortune to its advancement, and opened 
 1705, under the name of the Queen's Theatre ; improved 
 by Adam and Novosielski ; burnt down 1789 ; rebuilt by 
 Novosielski ; external fa9ade erected in 1820, by Nash and 
 Repton, of the Roman Doric order ; the basso-relievo of 
 the centre, executed by Mr. J. G. Bubb in 1821, is of 
 lithargolite or artificial stone, and represents the progress 
 of music from the earliest attention to sound, to its 
 then degree of perfection ; length from the curtain to 
 the back of boxes 102 feet; width from the back of boxes 
 75 feet; projection of stage from the curtain 24 feet; 
 width of the curtain 40 feet ; and height from floor to 
 ceiling, at the highest part over the pit, 56 feet. 
 
 k
 
 34 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Joiners' Hall, Upper Thames Street. 
 
 Judges' Chambers, Clifford's Inn, erected 1837 instead of 
 old ones in Serjeants' Inn. 
 
 King's College, Strand, commenced Sept. 1829, and opened 
 1831 ; neat arch of entrance; it adjoins Somerset House, 
 and the house of the Principal, &c. forms the eastern part 
 of the river front ; architect. Sir Robert Smirke ; consists 
 of a spacious chapel and hall, lecture rooms, library, &c. 
 
 King's College Hospital, Portugal Street, for accidents and 
 diseases, established 1839. 
 
 Law Institution, Chancery Lane, erected by shares, and 
 incorporated by royal charter, very fine Ionic portico ; 
 architect, Vulliamy. 
 
 Leadenhall Market, for country killed meat, poultry, 
 skins, and leather ; partly rebuilt in 1730 ; again in 1814. 
 
 Leathersellei's' Hall, St. Helen's Place, Bishopsgate, erected 
 1820-2. 
 
 Lincoln's Inn, Chancery Lane, on the site of the house of 
 the Lacys Earls of Lincoln, founded 1310. The Stone 
 Buildings erected by Sir Robert Taylor ; the hall, a noble 
 and well-proportioned room, erected in the time of Henry 
 VII. is used for the sittings of the Lord Chancellor ; 
 the gateway in Chancery Lane was begun in the 2.3d year 
 of Henry VII. but not finished till the 12th of Henry 
 VIII.: the chapel was rebuilt by Inigo Jones, 1620, at 
 a cost of 2,000, and repaired by VVyatt in 1791, at a 
 cost of 7,000, and has a tablet to the memory of Spencer 
 Perceval, and a statue of Lord Erskine ; the Vice Chan- 
 cellor's Court, erected in 1816; the library is good; the 
 MSS. were bequeathed by Sir Matthew Hale. 
 
 Linnaean Society, Soho Square, instituted in 1788, by Sir 
 J. E. Smith, for the encouragement of botany and natu- 
 ral history ; their house was bequeathed to them by Sir 
 Joseph Banks; incorporated in 1802.
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 35 
 
 Liuwood Gallery, Leicester Square, formed by Miss Lin- 
 wood for the exhibition of copies in needlework of some 
 of the finest pictures. 
 
 Literary Fund Society, 7% Great Russell Street, Blooms- 
 bury, instituted 1790, and incorporated 1818, to relieve 
 authors and their widows and orphans. 
 
 Lock Hospital, Grosvenor Place, for syphilitic maladies. 
 
 London Assurance Corporation, Birchin Lane, established 
 by royal charter in 1720. 
 
 London Bridge, one of timber, erected by order of King 
 Ethelred in 1002 ; rebuilt by William Rufus 1097 ; ano- 
 ther in 1165; one of stone and rubble in 1176, by Peter 
 of Colechurch, curate and architect, and finished in 1209, 
 being a work of 33 years. It had a drawbridge in the 
 middle, and till the middle of the 18th century Avas 
 covered with houses, gates, and a chapel. It was 930 
 feet in length, 20 in width, and 40 in height; it had 19 
 pointed arches, and the span of the centre was 70 feet ; 
 its waterway surface above the starlings was 540 feet, 
 and below them 273 feet ; and the space of the solids 
 or piers in the width of the river was, above the starlino-s 
 396 feet, and below them 657 feet. It was altered ])y 
 Mr. Dance and Sir R. Taylor, in 1759, and widened to 
 48 feet ; many alterations were afterwards made, but 
 nothing satisfactory. At length, a new one, of five 
 semi-elliptic arches, of granite, designed by J. Rennic, 
 was commenced 180 feet higher up the river by driving 
 the first pile on March 15, 1824; the foundation stone 
 was laid with great ceremony on June 15, 1825; finished 
 July 31, 1831. It was opened by tlie king on the first of 
 August. In length it is 920 feet, in width 56, and iu 
 height 55; the span of the centre arch is 150 feet, the
 
 36 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 waterway 690, and the span of piers 92 feet. The quan- 
 tity of stone used was 120,000 tons. 
 
 London Docks, between RatclifFe Highway and the Thames ; 
 opened 1805 ; covers 20 acres of ground ; a branch dock 
 opened 1828; a magnificent jetty, affording a quay front- 
 age of 1,600 feet, 62 feet wide, erected 1839 ; cost 
 60,000. 
 
 London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Life Assurance, Charlotte 
 Row, Mansion House. 
 
 London Hospital, Whitechapel road, established in 1740 ; 
 present edifice erected 1760, and subsequently enlarged. 
 
 London Institution, Moorfields, containing library, reading 
 rooms, theatre, &c., instituted 1805 ; present building 
 erected 1815 19, William Brooks, architect; front 100 feet 
 wide ; magnificent Corinthian portico ; the library is 97 
 feet by 42 in width, and 28 in height; the theatre will 
 accommodate about 600 persons. 
 
 London Maritime Institution, for alleviating the distress 
 of Master Mariners and their families ; founded Oct. 12, 
 1790. 
 
 London Ophthalmic Infirmary, Moorfields, instituted in 1804 
 by the late John Cunningham Saunders, for the preven- 
 tion and cure of blindness ; removed hither from Charter- 
 house Square in 1821, the present building being erected 
 at an expense of 8,000, by legacy of Harry Sedgwick, 
 Esq. 
 
 London University College, Gower Street, building com- 
 menced April 30, 1827 ; foundation stone laid by Duke of 
 Sussex; architect William Wilkins ; the portico of ten 
 columns is most magnificent ; and the whole exterior im- 
 posing and elegant ; not completed, but opened for the 
 reception of students in 1828; new charter granted 1838. 
 Lowther Arcade, from the Strand to St. Martin's Church ;
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 37 
 
 leng-th 245 feet, width 20, height 35 ; erected in 1832 ; 
 a double range of houses for shopkeepers with a covered 
 walk. 
 
 Lyon's Inn, Wych Street, Strand, an appendage to the 
 Inner Temple; handsome hall. 
 
 Mansion House, erected pursuant to a resolution of the 
 Common Council in 1734; first stone laid Oct. 25, 1739; 
 architect, George Dance, who was originally a shipwright, 
 finished in 1753. It is of Portland stone, is solid and 
 massive, dark and heavy ; the sculptures consist of figures 
 representing the presiding genius of the city ; a 
 Roman lictor and boy holding a cap of liberty ; Nep- 
 tune ; emblems of commerce and plenty. They were 
 designed and executed by Taylor ; the whole building 
 has been likened to " a deep-laden Indiaman, with her 
 stern galleries and gingerbread work. The stairs and 
 passages within are all ladders and gangways; and the 
 superstructure at top answers pretty accurately to the 
 idea we usually form of Noah's Ark; " repaired 1840. 
 
 Marine Society, Bishopsgate Street, for training boys for 
 the sea service, founded by Jonas Hanway, 1756 ; in- 
 corporated 1772; first stone laid April 30, 1773; in the 
 front of the building is a figure of a female taking a 
 helpless boy t) her care. 
 
 Masons' Hall, Basinghall Street. 
 
 Masters in Chancery Office, Southampton Buildings, Hoi- 
 born. 
 
 Mathematical Society, Crispin Street, Spitalfields, formed in 
 1717 by journeymen mechanics ; lectures are delivered 
 here. 
 
 Mechanics' Institution, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, 
 established in 1823, by Dr. Birkbeck ; there is a theatre 
 capable of holding 1000 persons, and class rooms, reading 
 rooms, library, laboratory, &c.
 
 38 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Medical Society, Bolt Court, Fleet Street, formed in 1773 ; 
 their house given to them by Dr. Lettsora in 1788; an 
 extensive library, 
 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society, Lincoln's Inn Fields, founded 
 1805; extensive professional library. 
 
 Mercers* Hall, Ironmonger Lane, Cheapside, on the site of 
 tlie mercery where the father of St. Thomas a Becket had 
 a mercer's shop, and where the archbishop was born; 
 rebuilt after the fire of 1 666 ; enriched entrance ; the 
 piazzas very noble and spacious. 
 
 Merchant-Taylors' Hall, Threadneedle Street, erected 16th 
 century. 
 
 Merchant-Taylors' School, Suffolk Lane, Cannon Street, 
 founded in 1561 by Sir Thomas White ; the present build- 
 ing, erected in 1666 after the fire of London ; has a chapel 
 and library. 
 
 Meteorological Society, 20, Bedford Street, Covent Garden ; 
 established 1823; revived 1836. 
 
 Metropolitan Church Building Society, for building new 
 Churches in the Metropolis. Numerous have been the 
 churches erected through the aid of this Society. 
 
 Mews, on site of Old Sanctuary and Market, Prince's 
 Street, Westminster, erected 1828 ; architect, Decimus 
 Burton. 
 
 Microscopical Society, 21, Regent Street; established 1840. 
 
 Middlesex Hospital, Charles Street, Berners Street, insti- 
 tuted 1745; a ward appropriated in 1747 to parturient 
 married women, and another ward in 1792 to cases of 
 cancer; enlarged 1834 ; Medical School annexed in 1836. 
 
 Middlesex House of Correction, Cold Bath Fields, built on 
 plan of Howard the philanthropist; opened 1794, and 
 cost about 80,000. 
 
 Milton Literary Institution, Fore Street, Cripplegate, esta- 
 blished 1836.
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 39 
 
 Mint, Tower Hill, larg^e, commodious, and handsome build- 
 ing, for the coinage of monies ; architect, Sir Robert 
 Smirke. 
 
 Monument, Fish Street Hill, a Doric column, erected by 
 Act of Parliament, from designs by Sir Christopher Wren, 
 to commemorate the Fire of London, which in 1666 broke 
 out near that spot ; height of pedestal 40 feet ; diameter 
 at base 15 feet; height of shaft 120 feet; the cone at top 
 and blazing urn of gilt brass 42 feet ; total 202 feet ; be- 
 gun 1671, and completed 1677; cost 14,500; there are 
 inscriptions, in Latin and English, descriptive of the fire 
 and the rebuilding of the city ; it is higher than the cele- 
 brated columns of Trajan and Antonine at Rome, and 
 Theodosius at Constantinople ; the staircase is of black 
 marble, and contains 345 steps. 
 
 National Debt Redemption Office, Old Jewry; architect, 
 Sir John Soane. 
 
 National Gallery of Paintings, Charing Cross; began 1832 ; 
 opened April 9, 1838 ; architect, Wilkins. The pictures 
 now (Jan. 1841) number 177; and some of them are of 
 the very highest order. In the hall is the Waterloo Vase, 
 executed in marble by R. Westmacott, and without doubt 
 the largest and most splendid vase in the world. lu 
 this building the Royal Academy have rooms for their 
 annual exhibition of Works of Art, and for their col- 
 lection of casts and models. 
 
 Naval (Royal) Club, 160, Bond Street. 
 
 Nelson Memorial, Trafalgar Square, the foundation stone, 
 being a block of Dartmoor granite weighing 14 tons, 
 was laid Oct. 1840, of a column designed by Railton, and 
 to be surmounted by a statue of the hero of Trafalgar, by 
 Baily, and flanked by four colossal lions by Lough. 
 
 Newgate Prison, originally one of the City Gates ; a prison
 
 40 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 as earl}' as 1218; one of the largest structures in the Metro- 
 polls; architect, George Dance, first stone laid by Alder- 
 man Beckford 1770 ; interior destroyed by fire in the riots 
 of 1780; completed about 1782; principal front 300 feet 
 in length, depth of building 192 feet ; the walls of massive 
 rustic stone work, 50 feet high ; the prison consists of 
 three difi'erently sized quadrangles ; the principal wards 
 and rooms in all the stations are each about 38 feet in 
 length, and 15 feet wide, the others about 24 feet by 15; 
 interior arrangements much improved in 1837- 
 
 New Inn, Wych Street, Strand, an appendage to the Mid- 
 dle Temple. 
 
 Numismatic Society, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden ; 
 founded 1836. 
 
 Olympic Theatre, Wych Street ; opened 1806, as an eques- 
 trian theatre, by P. Astley. 
 
 Ordnance Office, Pall Mall. 
 
 Oriental Club, Hanover Square, 
 
 Ornithological Society's Buildings, St. James's Park ; de- 
 signed by Watson in the Swiss style, erected 1840. On 
 the ornamental water are a number of curious water-fowl 
 belonging to the Society. The offices of the Society are 
 in Regent Street. 
 
 Oxford and Cambridge Universities' Club House, Pall Mall ; 
 erected in 1837-8 from the designs of Sir Robert Smirke 
 and his brother Sydney Smirke, of Corinthian order ; the 
 bas-reliefs in the panels above the windows of the princi- 
 pal floor were executed in Roman cement by Mr. W. G. 
 Nicholl, from designs by R. Smirke, esq. The centre 
 panel represents Minerva and Apollo presiding on Mount 
 Parnassus, a female figure personifying the river Helicon 
 pours from an urn sacred to the god of verse, and the 
 Muses surround them at the foot of the mount. In one
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 41 
 
 of the extreme panels Homer is represented singing to a 
 warrior, a female, and a youth ; in the other is Virgil re- 
 citing his Georgics to a group of peasants. The four 
 other panels represent Milton reciting his verses to his 
 daughter, inspired by a superior agency hovering over 
 him ; Shakspere attended by Tragedy and Comedy ; New- 
 ton explaining his system ; and Bacon recommending his 
 philosophy. The interior is spacious and elegant. 
 
 Painter Stainers' Hall, Little Trinity Lane, Thames Street. 
 
 Pantechnicon, Belgrave Square, for the sale of carriages, 
 works of art, &c. ; the extensive premises are fire proof. 
 
 Pantheon, Oxford Street ; originally erected by James 
 Wyatt ; afterwards fitted up as a theatre ; and now a 
 bazaar of great beauty and extent, as altered by Mr. 
 Sydney Smirke in 18.34. 
 
 Parish Clerks' Hall, Wood Street, Cheapside. 
 
 Parthenon Club, St. James's Square. 
 
 Pelican Life Office, Lombard Street, architect, Sir Robert 
 Taylor, and pronounced to be his masterpiece ; the em- 
 blematic group in front of the building was designed by 
 Lady Diana Beauclerk, and executed at Coade's manufac- 
 tory, by M. de Vaare. 
 
 Penitentiary, Milbank, Westminster, for the reformation of 
 off'enders; erected partly on the plan of Jeremy Bentham ; 
 external wall encloses eighteen acres of land, on which arc 
 several pentagonal buildings, with the Governor's house 
 in the centre ; cost about 500,000 ; partly opened in 
 1816. 
 
 Pewterers' Hall, Lime Street, solid brick building, enclosing 
 a small court, built 1678; much damaged by fire in Fe- 
 bruary 1840. 
 
 Phrenological Institution, 7, King William Street, West 
 Strand, founded in 1840. 
 
 Phrenological Society, Exeter Hall, established 1824.
 
 42 LONDON AND WESf MINSTER. 
 
 Philomathic Society. 
 
 Pinmakers' Hall, Broad Street, 
 
 Plasterers' Hall, Addle Street, Cheapside. 
 
 Plumbers' Hall, Dowgate Hill. 
 
 Polytechnic Institution, Regent Street, incorporated by 
 royal charter in 1838, for the exhibition of mechanical and 
 scientific novelties, and works of art. 
 
 Portman Street Bazaar, a very large and convenient struc- 
 ture, containing riding-house, repository for 300 carriages, 
 extensive stabling, and a ladies' bazaar of 2000 feet in ex- 
 tent. 
 
 Post Office, St. Martin's le Grand, Act passed 1815 ; first stone 
 laid in May 1824 ; and opened September 1829 ; architect, 
 Sir Robert Smirke ; the principal front 380 feet in length, 
 relieved by three Ionic porticos. The Grand Public Hall 
 is 80 feet by 60, and is divided into three colonnades by two 
 rows of six Ionic columns. The offices are very conve- 
 niently arranged. The old Post Office in Lombard Street 
 was originally the house of Sir Robert Vyner, Lord 
 Mayor in 1675. There is a branch establishment at 
 Gerrard Street, Soho, for the London district, and receiv- 
 ing houses at Lombard Street and Charing Cross. 
 
 Prince's Theatre, King Street, St. James's; erected in 1836 
 by Beazley, for Mr. Braham ; the fa9ade is of pure Ro- 
 man architecture. 
 
 Princess's Theatre, see Queen's Bazaar. 
 
 Privy Council Office, Board of Trade, &c. at Whitehall, cottbi 
 menced in February 1824, and part of it completed in 
 October 1825 ; of the Corinthian order, from the temple 
 of Jupiter Stator at Rome ; architect, Soane ; part of an 
 unfinished plan, the other wing to be on the other side of 
 Downing Street, and connected by a triumphal arch. 
 
 Queen's Bazaar, Oxford Street ; Princess's Theatre (now 
 closed).
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 43 
 
 Queen's Theatre, Tottenham Court Road. 
 
 Red Cross Street, Library, founded for Protestant Dissent- 
 ing Ministers about 1716, by Dr. Williams; very exten- 
 sive collection of theological books. 
 
 Reform Club House, Pall Mall, adjoining the Travellers' 
 Club House; architect, Barry ; opened 1841. 
 
 The Rolls, Chancery Lane, wherein the rolls in Chancery, 
 &c. have been deposited since 1483 ; there is a small and 
 ancient chapel attached, in which the rolls are kept. 
 In the gardens have recently been built Chambers for the 
 Judges. 
 
 Roman Catholic Chapel, Moorfields, foundation stone laid 
 Aug. 5, 1817> and covered in about the end of the follow, 
 ing November ; architect, John Newman, Esq. ; conse- 
 crated April 20, 1820 ; the ceiling and altar are finely 
 painted in fresco, representing the Crucifixion, Assump- 
 tion of the Virgin, and many other scriptural subjects, by 
 Signor Aglio ; the sanctuary is very splendid, and is 
 lighted without the means employed for the admission of 
 light being discovered; there are six fluted Corinthian 
 columns, of Como marble, each of one piece, 18 feet in 
 height and 2 in diameter ; and a richly sculptured altar 
 of Carrara marble, all executed by Signor Comolli of 
 Milan; the situation of the altar is unusual, being in 
 the west; the cost of the erection and decorations was 
 26,000. A superb chalice and patina of fine gold, 
 valued at 5,000 Roman crowns, was presented by Pope 
 Pius VII. ; and the pulpit was the gift of Lord Aruudell 
 of Wardour. 
 
 Royal Academy of Music, Tenterden Street, Hanover 
 Square, for the instruction of persons of both sexes in the 
 art of music ; incorporated by George IV. 1822. 
 
 Royal British Scientific Institution, Pall Mall.
 
 44 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Royal Exchange, Cornhill, first stone of a bourse, after the 
 model of that at Antwerp, laid by Sir Thomas Gresham, 
 June 7, 1566, on ground given him by the city; pro- 
 claimed the Royal Exchange by Queen Elizabeth, Jan. 23, 
 1570-1 ; destroyed by the fire of London in September 
 1666; rebuilt 1667-8; architect, Edward Jerman ; cost 
 58,962, defrayed in equal moieties by the City and Mer- 
 cers" Company ; repaired in 1767 and west side rebuilt, 
 towards which Parliament granted 10,000; destroyed 
 by fire in 1838 ; commenced rebuilding in 1840 from de- 
 signs by Tite ; to afford additional room the church of 
 St. Bartholomew was pulled down, and the tower of the 
 church of St. Benedict Fink was removed. The funds for 
 the rebuilding to be mainly raised under an Act of Par- 
 liament by a tax on coals. 
 
 Royal Gallery of Practical Science, Lowther Arcade, Strand, 
 incorporated 1834. 
 
 Royal Harmonic Institution, corner of Little Argyle Street, 
 Regent Street. 
 
 Royal Humane Society, for the recovery of persons appa- 
 rently drowned, Trafalgar Square; established in 1774, 
 by Dr. Cogan and Dr. Hawes 
 
 Royal Institute of British Architects, Lower Grosvenor 
 Street, founded in 1834. 
 
 Royal Institution, Albemarle Street, originated mainly 
 through the celebrated Count Rumford in 1799, for the 
 encouragement of useful inventions, and for lectures on 
 philosophical science ; it consists of a news-room, a reading 
 library, a mineral cabinet, apparatus-room, theatre capa- 
 ble of accommodating 700 persons, a library, and reposi- 
 tory of models of machines, &c. ; incorporated by charter 
 of George IV. 
 
 Royal Society of Literature, St. Martin's Lane, founded
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 45 
 
 1823, by George IV., chiefly by the exertions of Bishop 
 Burgess. 
 
 Royal Society of Musicians, Lisle Street, Soho, established 
 April 1738. 
 
 Royal Society, Somerset House, founded 1648; incorporated 
 1662. 
 
 Royal Westminster Ophthalmic Infirmary, Charing' Cross, for 
 diseases of the eyes ; founded in 1816. 
 
 Russell Institution, Great Coram Street, Russell Square, 
 originally for concerts and dancing, purchased in 1808 for 
 a literary institution at a cost of 5,000 guineas. 
 
 Saddlers' Hall, Cheapside, erected 1823. 
 
 Sailors' Home, for tlie reception of sailors on their return 
 ashore; on theruiusof the Brunswick Theatre, Goodman's 
 Fields, which was built 1827-8, and fell down on the 
 morning before the first night of performance, through 
 the weight of the iron roof being too great for the walls. 
 Several persons were killed. 
 
 St. Anne's Society's Schools, near the Post Office, and at 
 Brixton Hill, Surrey, for educating, clothing, and provid- 
 ing for children from all parts. The asylum at Brixton 
 Hill holds 100 boys and 50 girls; architect, J. H. Taylor. 
 
 St. Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, given to the 
 corporation of London on the suppression of Monasteries 
 by Henry VIII. ; rebuilt in 1730 from designs by Gibbs ; 
 but the entrance from Smithfield, with figures of Lame- 
 ness and Sickness, and a statue of Henry VIII. was erected 
 in 1702. The grand staircase was gratuitously painted by 
 Hogarth, and in the great hall are several portraits. 
 
 St. George's Hospital, Hyde Park Corner, established 1733, 
 by subscription ; rebuilt 1830-1 ; architect, W. Wilkins; 
 grand front 200 feet in length; contains 160 beds. 
 
 St. James's Palace, St. James's Park, built by Henry 
 VIII. on site of a hospital for lepers^ its ancient character
 
 46 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 remains only in portions, in consequence of repeated 
 alterations; but its interior arrangements are magnifi- 
 cent, and the most convenient for purposes of state of any 
 in the Metropolis. 
 
 St. Katharine's Docks, by the Tower, first stone laid May 3, 
 1827, and opened October 25, 1828; 2,500 men were con- 
 stantly employed during- the eighteen months ; to provide 
 the ground 11,300 persons were obliged to remove, and 
 1,250 houses were pulled down ; the area of the docks is 
 twenty-four acres, of which eleven and a half are devoted 
 to wet docks, into which ships may enter at any time in 
 perfect safety ; engineer, Telford ; lock-gates, &c. manu- 
 factured by Bramah ; cost nearly one million and a half. 
 
 St. Luke's Hospital, Old Street, established as an asylum for 
 lunatics in 1732; present building commenced 1751, and 
 completed 1786 ; cost 55,000. 
 
 St. Paul's School, St. Paul's Churchyard, founded in 1509, 
 by Dr. John Colet, Dean of St. Paul's ; taken down and 
 rebuilt 1822, from designs by G. Smith. 
 
 Salters' Hall, Cannon Street, rebuilt by Henry Carr, Esq. 
 1823, and opened in May 1827; Ionic portico of four 
 columns ; interior tastefully decorated. 
 
 School of Design, Somerset House, established 1837. 
 
 Scottish Hospital, Crane Court, Fleet Street, founded by 
 James Kinnierin 1665. 
 
 Serjeants' Inn, Chancery Lane, has a hall and chapel, with 
 seats for the Judges. 
 
 Sessions' House, Old Bailey, and New Court adjoining. 
 
 Sion College, London Wall, founded by will of the Rev. 
 Dr. Thomas White, Vicar of St. Dunstan's in the West, 
 dated Oct. I, 1623, for the clergy of London. There is 
 a hall, library of about 25,000 books, and almshouses 
 for twenty poor persons. 
 
 Six Clerks' Office, Chancery Lane.
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 47 
 
 Skinners' Hall, Dowgate Hill, handsome structure, elegant 
 
 fagade, and grand apartments ; architect, Robert Adam. 
 Small Pox Hospital, Battle Bridge, erected in 1767, and 
 removed hither from a house iu Windmill Street, Totten- 
 ham Court Road, where it was established in 1746; vac- 
 cination introduced by Dr. Woodville in 1799, and the 
 original purpose of the hospital has been since superseded. 
 
 Soane's Museum, 13, Lincoln's Inn Fields, collected by the 
 late Sir John Soane, architect, and placed in a house built 
 by himself in 1812, It contains a good library, many an- 
 tique vases and sculptures, the Belzoni Egyptian Sarco- 
 phagus, for which Sir John Soane paid 2,000 ; several 
 pictures, particularly the Rake's Progress, and the Elec- 
 tion, by Hogarth ; bequeathed to the public on the death 
 of the proprietor in 1833, and opened to the public every 
 Thursday and Friday in April, May, and June. 
 
 Society of Arts, originated March 1754, house in John Street, 
 Adelphi, erected for them by the Messrs. Adams, four en- 
 terprising brothers and architects, in 177'2-4 ; decorated 
 with a series of six paintings, analogous to the purposes 
 of the institution, by James Barry, Esq. R.A. being in- 
 tended to demonstrate that the " attainment of happiness, 
 both individual and public, depends on the cultivation of 
 the human faculties." Tiiey are equally an honour to 
 the British school, and an ornament to the capital. 
 
 Soho Bazaar, opened in 1815 by Mr. Trotter; the first of 
 the kind in the Metropolis ; of great extent. 
 
 Somerset House, Strand, so named from the protector 
 Edward Seymour Duke of Somerset, who here, in 15-^9, 
 built a palace from the designs of John of Padua. 
 On the attainder of the Duke it was granted by 
 Edward VI. to his sister the Princess Elizabeth ; and 
 Anne of Denmark, James the First's queen, kept a splen-
 
 48 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 did court here. It was subsequently the palace of Henri- 
 etta-Maria, Charles's queen, who had a convent of capu- 
 chin friars here, a circumstance which contributed to 
 aggravate the unhappy differences of the period. In 
 April 1659 the Commons ordered Somerset House to be 
 sold ; but on the Restoration it was again inhabited by Hen- 
 rietta-Maria, who is reported to have said, " Had I known 
 the temper of the English some years past as well as I do 
 now, I had never been obliged to leave this house." It 
 was subsequently occupied by royalty or the foreign am- 
 bassadors, till appropriated by Act 1775 for public offices, 
 when the present building was commenced from designs 
 by Sir William Chambers. The first stone laid in 1776. 
 The front to the Strand, which has a chaste and elegant 
 facade, is 135 feet wide and 61 deep, and is embellished by 
 sculptured figures and masks ; the quadrangular court is 
 240 feet wide and 298 deep, surrounded by buildings 54 
 feet deep ; the Thames front 800 feet long, (completed by 
 the addition of King's College in 1834), is one of the 
 boldest architectural objects in the Metropolis ; the terrace 
 promenade is 46 feet wide, and is erected on a series of 
 lofty arches. Many departments of Government have 
 offices here. 
 
 South Sea House, Threadneedle Street, for the Company of 
 Merchants trading to the South Seas, incorporated in 1710. 
 A substantial brick building, in which is one room large 
 and elegant. 
 
 Southwark Bridge, from Queen Street, Cheapside, of three 
 colossal cast iron arches ; commenced September 23, 1814, 
 and opened in April 1819 ; J. Rennie, engineer ; cost 
 800,000. In length it is 700 feet, in width 42, and in 
 height 53 ; the span of central arch is 240 feet ; the sur- 
 face of waterway 660 feet, and the space of piers 48 feet ; 
 the arches are of the largest spaa of any known to exist,
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 49 
 
 the centre being four feet wider than the famous iron 
 bridge at Sunderland. The total weight of iron is about 
 5,780 tons, and many of the solid castings weigh 10 tons 
 each ; the whole was cast at the works of Messrs. Walker 
 and Co. at Rotherham, co. York. The settling of the 
 centre arch at the vertex was only one inch and seven- 
 eighths, which was exactly one-eighth of an inch less than 
 what had been allowed for in putting it together. 
 
 Staple's Inn, Holborn, an appendage to Gray's Inn. In the 
 hall are busts of the twelve Caesars on brackets. 
 
 State Paper Office, St. James's Park, erected in 1833 ; ar- 
 chitect, Sir John Soane. 
 
 Stationers' Hall^ Ludgate Hill, on site of a residence of John 
 Duke of Bretagne, temp. Edward II. ; rebuilt after the 
 fire of 1666, when their loss, with property, was 200,000 ; 
 modernized in 1800 ; hall window of painted modern 
 glass, the work of Egginton, and the gift of Alderman 
 Cadell, the bookseller. Sheriff of London in 1801. 
 
 Statistical Society, St. Martin's Place, established 1834. 
 
 Stock Exchange, Capel Court, erected by subscription in 
 1801, for conducting the business of Stockbrokers, who 
 alone are admitted; handsome interior; architect, Mr. 
 James Peacock. 
 
 Sun Fire and Life Insurance Office, established in 1710; 
 Office in Bartholomew Lane, now erecting ; will cost 
 20,000. 
 
 Symond's Inn, Chancery Lane, formerly the residence of 
 the Masters in Chancery. 
 
 Tallow Chandlers' Hall, Dowgate Hill, handsome building, 
 erected 1672. 
 
 Temple Bar, commenced in 1670, and finished in 1672; 
 architect, Sir Christopher Wren ; it is of Portland stone, 
 and has statues of Charles I. and II. in Roman costume, 
 and of Elizabeth and James. Over this gateway it was cus- 
 
 /
 
 50 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 tomary to place the heads of those executed for treason. 
 Those of the Lords concerned in the Pretender rebellion 
 1745, were the last here placed. 
 Thames Tunnel, suggested by Mr. Brunei in 1823 (one 
 commenced near the spot in 1809 having been aban- 
 doned); foundation stone laid 2d of March 1825; on May 
 18, 1825, when a distance of 400 feet had been advanced, 
 the water burst in from above while 120 men were at 
 work, but no lives were lost ; the works were recom- 
 menced in September, and a second irruption took place 
 Jan. 12, 1828, when six men were drowned; the tunnel 
 was at length completed in 1841, and opened in 1842 ; it 
 consists of two passages, each 16 feet wide, with car- 
 riageway and footpath ; it leads from Wapping to Ro- 
 therhithe. 
 Thavies' Inn, Holborn, appendage to Lincoln's Inn. 
 The Temple, Inns of Court, are an extensive range of build- 
 ings between Fleet Street and the Strand and the River. 
 There are two Societies, the Inner Temple and the Mid- 
 dle Temple. The buildings consist of halls, chapels, 
 libraries, and chambers. The hall of the Middle Tem- 
 ple, built 1562-72, is spacious, and has a fine timber roof; 
 the library was built 1822-4, Hakewill architect. Inner 
 Temple hall, rebuilt 1816, library 1819. The Middle 
 Temple Gate was built by Wren 1684-8. 
 Tilers' and Bricklayers" Hall, Leadenhall Street. 
 Tothill Fields Prison, Westminster, rebuilt in 1836; archi- 
 
 tect Abrahams. 
 Tower, surrounded by a ditch, the circumference of which is 
 330 yards ; there is a double line of walls inclosing an area 
 of 12 acres ; the White Tower was the Norman citadel or 
 keep ; it now contains Record Offices, and armoury; Ord- 
 nance Office, erected in 1788, extensive edifice; Grand Store
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 51 
 
 House, finished in the time of William and Mary, con- 
 taining the artillery ; Small Armoury ; New Horse Ar- 
 moury; Spanish Armoury; Jewel Tower; Governor's 
 House; Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula; Record Office or 
 Wakefield Tower ; and Bloody Tower. 
 Travellers' Club House, Pall Mall, adjoining the Athenaeum, 
 erected in 1832 ; architect, Barry ; resembles a Roman 
 palace. 
 Treasury, St. James's Park, erected by Kent ; of three 
 stories, displaying the Tuscan, Doric, and Ionic orders ; 
 the Whitehall front was originally the Chapel of Wolsey's 
 Palace of Whitehall. 
 Trinity House, Tower Hill, for the Corporation of Trinity 
 of Deptford Strond, in whoni are vested the appointment 
 of pilots, erection of lighthouses, and sea marks, &c. 
 on the British coasts and seas; first stone laid by William 
 Pitt, Sept. 18, 1793, architect, Samuel Wyatt ; opened 
 1795. Here are shown many portraits, and models. 
 Vaccine Institution, Providence Row, Finsbury, for gra- 
 tuitous vaccination, and supply of vaccine lymph. 
 Vauxhall Bridge, of cast iron, nine arches of equal span ; 
 commenced in May 1811, opened in August 1816; de- 
 signed by James Walker, but Mr. Ralph Dodd, Sir James 
 Bentham, and Mr. Rennie were also employed; cost about 
 300,000 ; length 809 feet, width 36, span of each arch 
 78 feet, height 29 ; the piers are of stone. 
 Vintners' Hall, Upper Thames Street, rebuilt by Sir 
 Christopher Wren; handsome; the interior of the hall 
 very elegant. 
 Union Fire and Life and Annuity Assurance Company, 
 
 Cornhill. 
 Union Club House, Charing Cross, erected 1824; adjoins 
 the College of Physicians ; architect, Sir Robert Smirke; 
 contains some of the finest rooms in Europe.
 
 52 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 United Service (Senior) Club House, Pall Mall, erected 
 182S; architect, Nash. 
 
 United Service (Junior) Club House, comer of Charles 
 Street, Regent Street. 
 
 United Service Institution, \rhitehall, established 1831 ; 
 contjuns a librarv, model room, mineralogical, geological, 
 antiquarian, and numismatic collections ; easily accessible 
 to the public, by an introduction from a member. 
 
 Umrersity Club House, Suffolk Street, for gentlemen of 
 both Universities ; the number is limited to 500 from 
 each; commenced in 1822, and opened Feb. 13, 1826; 
 architects, William Wilkins and J. P. Gandy ; cost 
 26,500. 
 
 Upholders' Hall, Crane Court, St. Peters Hill. 
 
 Water Colour Painters' Society, Suffolk Street, Pall MaU 
 East, formed in 1804, to encourage this branch of the 
 Arts; gallery erected 1823, and opened 1824. The New 
 Society has its gallery at 53, Pall Mall. 
 
 Waterloo Bridge, in the Strand, of nine semi-elliptical arches, 
 of Cornish granite ; Act obtained in 1809 ; commenced iu 
 October 1811, and opened in June 1817, by the Duke 
 of Wellington ; projected by Ralph Dodd ; architect, 
 J. Rennie; cost 1,000,000; in length it is 1,326 feet; 
 width 42, height 54 ; the span of each arch 120 feet ; the 
 surface of waterway is 1 ,080 feet ; and the space of the 
 piers 160 feet ; the roads or approaches to either end of 
 this bridge are 70 feet in width, except at the entrance 
 from the Strand. They are carried over a series of semi- 
 circular arches, each 16 feet in span. The approach on 
 the Surrey side is formed by 39 of these arches, besides an 
 elliptical arch of 26 feet span, over the Narrow-wall Road, 
 and a small embankment about 165 yards long ; the 
 whole length of the brick arches in the Surrey approach is
 
 FRBSBNT STATB AND APPEARANCE. 53 
 
 766 feet, of those in the Strand approach 310 ; length of 
 bridg'e from the ends of the abutments 1,380 feet; makini( 
 a total of 2,456 feet. It is one of the most stupendous 
 works of modern times. 
 
 Watermen's Hall, St. Mary Hill, Thames Street. Here is a 
 portrait of Taylor the Water Poet. 
 
 Wax Chandlers' Hall, Maiden Lane, modern building, hand- 
 some. 
 
 Weavers" Hall, Basinghall Street, of brick; in the interior is 
 an Ionic screen. 
 
 Wesleyan Centenary Hall, Bishopsgate Street. The Society 
 in 1839, with a portion of the money subscribed to mark 
 the centenary of Methodism, purchased the disused City 
 of London Tavern, to convert into Missionary Offices, 
 &c. and a new and handsome facade of the Corinthian 
 order has been put to it from designs by W. T. Pocock. 
 
 Western Exchange Bazaar, Bond Street, established in 
 1817. 
 
 Western Literary and Scientific Institution, Leicester Square, 
 established in 1825 ; and is held in the house formerly in- 
 habited by Sir Joshua Reynolds ; a Lecture Room, &c. 
 built at the back, in Princes Street, in 1839 ; architect, 
 Godwin. 
 
 West India Club, 60, St. James's Street. 
 
 Westminster Bridge, of Portland stone, fifteen arches ; Act 
 passed 1736, commenced in January 1739, and finished in 
 1750, being 11 years and nine months ; it cost .389,500 ; 
 architect. Monsieur Labelye, a native of Switzerland ; 
 length 1,066 feet, width 42, height 58; the span of cen- 
 tre arch 76 feet ; surface of waterway 820 ; space of piers 
 246. There is always under water materials to the value 
 of 40,000. 
 
 Westminster Hall, a building of great scientific skill, erected
 
 54 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. ' 
 
 in 1097-8, by William Rufus, as the great hall of the 
 palace he designed to rebuild ; it was repaired and re- 
 modelled by Richard II. in 1397, to such an extent as to be 
 almost a new building ; the alterations were completed in 
 1399, and the original contract for them is still preserved 
 in the office of the Clerk of the Pells. Within the last 
 few years it has been entirely renovated and restored. It 
 is one of the finest vaulted rooms in the world unsup- 
 ported by pillars ; originally divided into three ailes. 
 
 Westminster Hospital, by the Abbey, founded originally in 
 1719 at James Street, Buckingham Gate ; the present 
 edifice begun 1832, opened in 1834 ; architect, I nwood ; 
 cost 39,000 ; the oldest hospital in London supported 
 by voluntary subscriptions. 
 
 Westminster Literary, Scientific, and Mechanics' Institu- 
 tion, Smith Street, Westminster, established in 1837; 
 building erected 1840. 
 
 Westminster School, or St. Peter's College, Dean's Yard, 
 founded in 1070; refounded by Queen Elizabeth in 1560 
 for 40 boys ; but the boarders have generally been far 
 more numerous. 
 
 Whitecross Street Prison, for debtors, built between the 
 years 1813 and 1815, in consequence of the crowded state 
 of Newgate Prison, where debtors and criminals had been 
 previously indiscriminately confined. 
 
 Whitehall Chapel, originally built for the banqueting house 
 to the new palace of James I. by Inigo Jones ; it was be- 
 gun in 1619, and executed in two years, by Nicholas 
 Stone, Master Mason to the King, at the cost of 17,000. 
 It was pronounced in 1685, by Mons. d'Azout, the famous 
 French architect, to be " the most finished of the modern 
 buildings on this side the Alps." The ceiling, painted on 
 canvass by Rubens and his pupil Jordaens, is esteemed
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 55 
 
 one of the finest in the world. It represents the apotheosis 
 of James I. The artist received 3,000 for it ; and in 
 1778 Cipriani had 2,000 guineas for cleaning it. The 
 whole building has been extensively repaired, and the in- 
 terior cleaned and retouched within a few years. 
 
 White's Club, 38, St. James's Street. 
 
 Windsor Club, 6, Waterloo Place. 
 
 York Stairs Water Gate, Buckingham Street, Strand, de- 
 signed and erected by Inigo Jones about 1626; originally 
 connected with the house of the Duke of Buckingham on 
 this site ; of Portland stone, and rustic work. 
 
 Zoological Society, established 1826 ; this Society has a 
 museum, containing an extensive collection of specimens 
 of mammalia, birds, reptiles, and fishes, testacea and 
 Crustacea, and insects ; and delightful and extensive 
 gardens, with a large collection of living animals, birds, 
 &c. in the Regent's Park ; where also they are about to 
 erect buildings for the reception of their museum.
 
 56 
 
 STATUES. 
 
 Achilles, Hyde Park, colossal, of bronze, by Westinacott ; 
 18 feet high ; copied from one of two figures found on 
 the Quirinal at Rome grouped with horses ; erected in 
 1822, by a subscription among the ladies of England, 
 in honour of the Duke of Wellington ; said to have cost 
 30,000. 
 
 Anne, Queen, in front of St. Paul's Cathedral, with figures 
 of the four quarters of the globe at her feet ; by Francis 
 Bird. This group cost 1180. 
 
 another Statue in Queen Square, Westminster. 
 
 Bedford, Francis Russell, Duke of, Russell Square ; in 
 bronze, by Westmacott ; figure 9 feet high ; put up 
 1809. 
 
 Canning, George, Palace Yard, Westminster ; pedestrian, 
 colossal ; of bronze, by Chantrey ; likeness good ; drapery 
 heavy. 
 
 Cartwright, Major, Burton Crescent ; bronze, by Clarke of 
 Birmingham ; sitting figure, larger than life. 
 
 Charles 1. at Charing Cross ; bronze, equestrian, cast in 
 1633 by Hubert le Sueur, and erected at the expense of 
 Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel; ordered by the Par- 
 liament to be destroyed, when it was bought by John 
 River, a brazier, in Holborn, who hid it till the Restora- 
 tion of Charles II. when in 1678 it was re-erected on a 
 pedestal ornamented by Grinling Gibbons ; the likeness 
 most perfect.
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 57 
 
 Charles II. Soho Square; pedestrian, in marble, with figures 
 representing the rivers Thames, Severn, Trent, and 
 Humber at his feet ; erected by his son the unfortunate 
 Duke of Monmouth. 
 
 in the area of the late Royal Exchange by Spil- 
 
 ler ; a fine work, and will probably be re-erected. The 
 series of statues of Sovereigns round the building, by 
 Gibber, Rysbrack, Wilton, &c. were much injured at the 
 fire in 1838, and sold with the materials. That of Sir 
 Thomas Gresham was destroyed ; but one of Sir John 
 Barnard escaped. 
 
 Cumberland, William Duke of, Cavendish Square ; eques- 
 trian; erected 1770. 
 
 Edward VI. at Christ's Hospital, opposite Christ Church 
 Passage. 
 
 Elizabeth, above the entrance to the parochial schools, ad- 
 jacent to St. Dunstan's Church in the West. 
 
 Fox, Charles James, Bloomsbury Square ; colossal, holding 
 a roll of Magna Charta ; in bronze, by Westmacott, like- 
 ness admirable, and figure good; erected 1816. 
 
 George I. on horseback, Leicester Square ; of gilt bronze, 
 modelled by C. Buchard for the Duke of Chandos ; 
 brought hither from Canons. 
 
 on horseback, Grosvenor Square ; erected by Sir Ro- 
 bert Grosvenor in 17*26 ; the work of Van Nort. 
 
 on the top of the steeple of Bloomsbury church. 
 
 George III. Pall Mall East ; an admirable likeness of the 
 monarch, mounted on his favourite charger ; in fine bronze 
 by Mr. Matthew Cotes Wyatt ; is between ten and eleven 
 feet high, and stands on a pedestal of Portland stone, 
 twelve feet high ; erected 1836 ; cost 4,000. 
 
 James II. Whitehall; pedestrian, bronze, cast by Grinling 
 Gibbons in 1687; considered a good likeness; attitude 
 easy and graceful.
 
 58 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Kent, Duke of, son of George III. and father of the Queen, 
 erected by public subscription, at the top of Portland 
 Place; pedestrian, in bronze, by Gahag-an ; good likeness; 
 wants altitude. 
 
 Nelson, Horatio Viscount, on top of a column in Trafalgar 
 Square, designed by Railton, now in the course of erec- 
 tion, the statue by Baily. 
 
 Pitt, William, Hanover Square ; pedestrian, colossal, of 
 bronze, by Chantrey ; erected 1831. 
 
 Victoria, Queen, pedestrian, in Victoria Square, Pimlico. 
 
 William HI. St. James's Square; in a Roman habit, on 
 horseback, by Bacon ; the horse modelled from a favourite 
 horse of George IH. 
 
 in the Great Hall of the Bank of England; pedes- 
 trian. 
 
 York, Duke of, son of George HI. at top of a Doric column 
 of Scotch granite, Carlton Terrace ; pedestrian, bronze, 
 by Chantrey ; cost 7,000, independent of column ; height 
 of column 123 ft. 6 in. ; of figure 13 ft, 9 in. ; fine 
 and extensive panoramic view from the summit of the 
 column.
 
 59 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 St. Alban, Wood Street, originally founded by King Athel- 
 stan ; rebuilt in 1634 by Inigo Jones ; destroyed by fire 
 in 1666; and rebuilt 1685, in Pointed style, architect. 
 Wren; cost 3,165; height of tower 85 feet; richly 
 ornamented altar-pieces ; finely carved pulpit ; to the 
 right of the reading desk is an hour-glass and enriched 
 brass frame. 
 
 Allhallows, Barking, Tower Street, belonged to the Abbey 
 of Barking in Essex ; the steeple built 1659; escaped the 
 fire. 
 
 Allhallows, Bread Street, erected in 1684; architect. Wren; 
 tower 86 feet high ; pulpit finely carved. 
 
 Allhallows the Great, Thames Street, rebuilt by Wren in 
 1683; cost 5,641 ; in the interior is a beautiful screen 
 made at Hamburg, and presented by the Hanseatic mer- 
 chants in 1670. 
 
 Allhallows, Lombard Street, built in 1694 by Sir Christo- 
 pher Wren, on site of one erected before the year 10.53, 
 and rebuilt 1516; cost 8,058; the carving of the door 
 cases is very beautiful. 
 
 Allhallows, London Wall, escaped the fire ; present church 
 built by Dance, jun. in 1767. 
 
 Allhallows Staining, Mark Lane, fell down 1669, and soon 
 rebuilt ; part as old as the time of Henry IIL 
 
 All Saints, King's Cross, consecrated July 5, 1838; will 
 accommodate 1,000 persons; cost 3,200, to which the 
 Metropolitan Churches Fund contributed 1,000.
 
 60 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 All Saints, Skinner Street, belongs to Bishopsgate parish ; 
 first stone laid in June 1838 ; architect, Meredith. 
 
 St. Andrew by the Wardrobe, built in 1692 ; architect, 
 Wren ; cost 7,060. 
 
 St. Andrew, Holborn, erected in 1687, under the direction 
 of Sir Christopher Wren ; 105 feet in length, 63 in 
 breadth, and 43 in height; the tower is 110 feet high, 
 and was not completed till 1704 ; the altar-piece and roof 
 are richly ornamented. 
 
 St. Andrew Undershaft, Leadenhall Street, rebuilt 1525, at 
 the expense of William Fitzwilliam, an ancestor of the 
 present noble house ; completed 1532, one of the latest 
 specimens of genuine Pointed architecture. 
 
 St. Anne and St. Agnes, St. Anne's Lane, built by Wren in 
 1683; plain, with square tower. 
 
 St. Anne, Dean Street, Soho, built 1685, of brick ; the 
 organ was the gift of William III. 
 
 St. Anthony, Budge Row, of the Tuscan order, built by 
 Cartwright, from designs by Sir Christopher Wren, in 
 1682 ; it has one of the finest of his steeples. 
 
 St. Augustin, Watling Street, erected in 1695; architect, 
 Wren ; repaired in 1829, at cost of 2,400. 
 
 St. Bartholomew, Bartholomew Lane, erected by Wren in 
 1679; singular finish to the tower; the altar-piece and 
 pulpit richly adorned; taken down, in 1841, to make 
 room for the approaches to the new Royal Exchange. 
 
 St. Bartholomew the Great, Smithfield, belonged to the 
 priory founded by Rahere, about 1102; partly rebuilt 
 about 1410; some fine remains of Norman architecture; 
 a curious timber roof, with the rafters exposed to view ; 
 a minstrel gallery, and a singular altar-piece. 
 
 St. Bartholomew the Less, of unknown erection, but before
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 61 
 
 the I5th century; partly rebuilt in 1823 under the direc- 
 tion of Mr. Hardwick. 
 St. Bennet, Gracechurch Street, rebuilt in 1685 ; architect. 
 Wren ; cost 3,583. 
 
 St. Bennet, Paul's Wharf, first built in 1181, rebuilt after 
 the fire by Wren in 1682 ; cost 3,328. 
 
 St. Bennett Fink, Threadneedle Street, founded by one 
 Robert Fink; erected by Wren in 1670-3; cost 4,129; 
 towards the fittings up, which are handsome, Mr. 
 Holman, a catholic, contributed 1,000 ; tower taken 
 down in 1840 to make additional room for the new Royal 
 Exchange. 
 
 Berwick Street, Soho; first stone laid 1838 by Earl de 
 Grey ; pointed style, very large; will accommodate 1,800 
 persons; cost 14,000, of which 10,000 was raised by 
 voluntary subscriptions ; consecrated July 22, 1840 ; 
 architect Blore. 
 
 St. Botolph, Aldersgate, in Little Britain ; repaired about 
 1779, at a cost of 12,000. Here is a monument to 
 Daniel Wray, scholar and amiable man. 
 
 St. Botolph, Aldgate, rebuilt in 1741-44, of brick ; the 
 steeple lofty and well proportioned ; architect. Dance. 
 
 St. Botolph, Bishopsgate Street, rebuilt, 1725 of brick ; 
 handsome steeple. 
 
 St. Bride, Fleet Street, erected by Sir Christopher Wren, 
 after the destruction of the ancient fabric (which must 
 have been erected anterior to 1.362, and was much 
 enlarged about 1480) by the great fire of London; com- 
 pleted about 1680 at an expense of 11,430 ; additionally 
 embellished in 1699, and generally repaired in 1822-3; 
 the spire is 226 feet high (24 feet higher than the monu- 
 ment), and for its elegance and scientific construction is 
 deserving high encomium ; its original height before
 
 62 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 struck by lightning in 1764, was 234 feet; no spire in the 
 kingdom, designed after the Roman orders, equals it in 
 elevation, and except those of Salisbury, Norwich, and 
 Lichfield, no one in the Pointed style. 
 
 Burghley Street, St. Martin-in-the-Fields, erected by the 
 Commissioners ; cost 7,478 ; architect. Savage. 
 
 St. Catharine Coleman, Fenchurch Street, escaped the fire of 
 London, but rebuilt in 1734 ; a very plain building. 
 
 St. Catharine Cree, Leadenhall Street ; gothic building, re- 
 built in 1630, and consecrated by Archbishop Laud with 
 so many ceremonies that it was made an article of im- 
 peachment against him. It is a very interesting build- 
 ing. 
 
 (Jhrist Church, Newgate Street, belonged to the Grey 
 Friars, and was consecrated in 1325 ; burnt down by the 
 fire of London, and the choir rebuilt and a tower added ; 
 architect, Wren ; elegant and commodious ; here the 
 Spital sermons are preached. 
 
 Christ Church, Spitalfields, erected between 1723 and 1729 ; 
 very good Doric portico, ascended by a flight of steps; 
 steeple is 234 feet high ; length of church 125 feet, 
 breadth 55, height 50 ; architect, Hawksmoor. 
 
 St. Clement Danes, Strand, of stone, of the Corinthian 
 order, erected by Sir Christopher Wren in 1680; the 
 tower raised to its present height of 116 feet by Mr. 
 Gibbs in 1719. 
 
 St. Clement, Eastcheap, built in 1686, plain but neat ; 
 architect. Wren ; cost 4,365. 
 
 Curtain Road, Shoreditch, will accommodate 1,200 persons ; 
 consecrated July 4, 1839 ; architect, Vulliamy. 
 
 St. Dionis Back Church, Lime Street, Fenchurch Street, 
 rebuilt bv Wren in 1674-84, of stone and brick; cost 
 5,737. '
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 63 
 
 St. Dunstan's in the East ; the tower the work of Sir Chris- 
 topher Wren between 1667 and 1669; who also repaired 
 the church after the ravages of the fire of London. The 
 tower is in g-eneral much admired, and is altogether pleas- 
 ing ; but it sinks in comparison with that of others 
 attached to ancient churches in the Pointed style, espe- 
 cially with that of St. Nicholas at Newcastle. lle 
 church was taken down in 1817, and a new edifice erected 
 from designs by Mr. D. Laing, who preserved the tower 
 and spire of Sir Christopher Wren. 
 
 St. Dunstan's, Fleet Street, rebuilt in 1832; architect, Shaw. 
 The form is octagonal in the interior. A fine painted 
 window by Williment. 
 
 St. Edmund the King, Lombard Street, erected by Wren in 
 1690 ; cost 5,207. 
 
 St. Etheiburga, Bishopsgate Street, erected about 1420; 
 Pointed architecture ; very small edifice. 
 
 St. Giles, Cripplegate, erected 1546, on site of one of Nor- 
 man architecture, burnt down the year previous ; light 
 Gothic. 
 
 St. Giles in the Fields, built on site of the church of 
 Queen Matilda's hospital, 1730 ; architect, Flitcroft ; 
 cost 10,000. Over the north-west gate is a sculptured 
 representation of the Crucifixion, removed from the old 
 church of the hospital. 
 
 St. George, Hart Street, Bloonisbury, stands north and 
 south ; union of Tuscaa and Corinthian ; architect, 
 Hawksmoor ; on a pyramidal steeple is a statue of 
 George I. thus alluded to, " the Pope only made 
 Henry VIII. head of the church, but King George's 
 good loyal people made him head of the steeple;" the 
 vaults are particularly spacious. Walpole calls the 
 church " a master-piece of absurdity."
 
 64 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 St. George, Botolph Lane, erected by Wren in 16/4 ; Gre- 
 cian style ; small and neat ; cost 5,207. 
 
 St. George, Hanover Square, one of Queen Anne's new 
 churches; foundation laid 1712; completed 1724; length 
 100 feet, breadth 60, height 45 ; portico of six Corin- 
 thian columns, only inferior to that of St. Martin in 
 the Fields ; steeple very fine ; interior bad ; architect, 
 Gibbs. 
 
 St. George the Martyr, Queen Square, erected by subscrip- 
 tion in 1706; originally a chapel of ease to St. Andrew's, 
 Holborn ; made parochial 1723; plain exterior, but taste- 
 ful interior. 
 
 Hanover Chapel, Regent Street, chapel of ease to St. 
 George's, Hanover Square; first stone laid June 6, 1823; 
 consecrated June 20, 1825 ; cost 16,180 ; architect, 
 Charles Robert Cockerell, Esq. ; it is built of Bath stone, 
 and will accommodate nearly 1,500 persons; the order of 
 tlie interior, which is much admired, is Corinthian, from 
 the decorations of the Golden Gate of Justinian at Con- 
 stantinople ; the organ is placed over the communion 
 table ; the order of the exterior is the Asiatic Ionic, 
 chiefly from the Temple of Minerva at Priene ; and the 
 proportions from the tetrastyle portico of Minerva Polias 
 at Athens. 
 
 St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, dedicated to the mother of Cun- 
 stantine the Great; belonged to the priory founded before 
 the reign of Henry III ; tower built 1669. 
 
 St. James, Duke's Place, Aldgate, very small ; built of brick 
 in 1622, on site of Trinity Priory. 
 
 St. James, Garlick Hill, rebuilt by Wren in 1683 ; 75 feet 
 loiig, 45 feet broad, 40 feet high to the roof, steeple, com- 
 posed of turret and spire, 98 feet high ; cost 5,357.
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 65 
 
 St. James, Piccadilly, erected in the time of Charles II. by the 
 gallant Earl of St. Al ban's, &c. at a cost of 8,000, as a 
 chapel of ease to St. Martin in the Fields ; made parochial 
 by James II. Ilie exterior is brick and ill-shapen, but it 
 incloses, says Mr, Gwilt, " one of the choicest and most 
 elegantly formed interiors which this Metropolis can boast ; 
 one which displays, in the highest degree, the extraordi- 
 nary talents of Wren." It is an example of Wren's love 
 of harmony in proportions ; the breadth being half the 
 sum of its height and length ; its height half its length ; 
 and its breadth the sesquialtera of its height ; the numbers 
 being 84, 63, and 42 feet. The font, of white marble, 
 carved by Grinlin Gibbons, has representations of the 
 Fall of Man, the Preservatioji of Noah, the Baptisms of 
 Christ and the Eunuch, &c. Over the altar is some ex- 
 quisite carving in wood, of a pelican feeding its young, 
 between two doves, some foliage, fruit, &c. by the same 
 admirable artist. 
 
 St. John's Street Chapel, Charles Street, Berkeley Square. 
 
 St. John the Baptist, Strand, part of the old palace of the 
 Savoy, erected in 1245 ; the roof is very fine, divided into 
 pannels, and carved with religious and heraldic devices. 
 
 St. John the Evangelist, Milbank ; begun 1721, finished 
 1728; architect. Archer; the two Doric porticoes are 
 good, and the entire structure not deserving of that 
 obloquy which has been attaclied to it. It has been 
 pronounced to resemble an elephant on his back. 
 
 King Street Chapel, Golden Square; built 1702. 
 
 St. Lawrence, Jewry, rebuilt in 1671 by Wren ; cost 
 11,970; handsome interior; on the spire is a gridiron, 
 the -emblem of the Saint ; over the altar is a fine painting 
 of his martyrdom ; in the church is a monument to Arch- 
 bishop Tillotson, who died in 1694. 
 
 St. Leonard, Shoreditch, erected 1735; architect, Dance
 
 66 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 the elder ; 75 feet long and 66 broad ; spire 70 feet in 
 height; Doric portico of four columns. 
 
 St. Magnus, London Bridge, erected by Wren in 1676 ; 
 cost 9,579; interior very elegant; it contains a modern 
 monument to Bishop Coverdale, once Rector. 
 
 St. Mark's Chapel, North Audley Street ; architect, Gandy ; 
 Grecian Ionic. 
 
 St. Margaret, Lothbury, rebuilt 1690, architect Wren ; cost 
 5,340; handsome church; length 60 feet, breadth 64; 
 beautiful font with carved work by Grinlin Gibbons. 
 The parish of St. Christopher le Stocks, when the church 
 was taken down by the Bank, was united to this parish. 
 
 St. Margaret Pattens, Rood Lane, Little Tower Street, 
 rebuilt in 1687, by Sir Christopher Wren; cost 4,986. 
 
 St. Margaret, Westminster, originally built in the south 
 aisle of the Abbey ; removed by Edward the Confessor 
 in 1064 ; rebuilt by the Woolstaplers in (he time of 
 Edward I. ; a very neat and elegant interior ; the altar 
 piece and pulpit among the richest in London. The mag- 
 nificent painted window was made at Dort, as a pre- 
 sent to Henry VIl. ; was first set up in Waltham Abbey, 
 and after the dissolution removed to New Hall, in Essex ; 
 and was bought by the parishioners in 1758, for 400 
 guineas. This is the place of M^orship for the House of 
 Commons. 
 
 St. Martin in the Fields, began 1721, finished 1726; cost 
 36,891 ; architect, James Gibbs ; the portico is ele- 
 gant and august, the steeple very good ; it was rebuilt, 
 after being struck by lightning, in 1842. The whole church 
 deserves much praise ; length 140 feet, breadth 60, 
 height 45. The organ was the gift of George L On its 
 site there had been a church before 1222. 
 
 St. Martin, Ludgate, rebuilt in 1684 by Wren, on site of 
 one built in 1437 ; cost 5,378.
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 67 
 
 St. Martin Outwich, Threadneedle Street; rebuilt in 1797 j 
 
 architect, Cockerell. 
 St. Mary, Abchurch Lane, erected in 1686 by Wren ; cost 
 4,922 ; has an hemispherical roof. 
 
 St. Mary, Alderinanbury, erected by Wren, in 1676, on 
 site of an old church which had stood for five centuries ; 
 cost 5,237. In it is a handsome monument to Samuel 
 Smith, Esq. by Domenico Cardelli, of Rome. 
 
 St. Mary Aldermary, Bow Lane ; fine tower of Pointed 
 order, restored in 1681. It is one of the finest speci- 
 mens of Wren's efforts in the Pointed style ; built by 
 a legacy of 5000, of Henry Rogers, Esq. 1681 ; 100 
 feet in length, 63 in breadth, and 45 in height ; steeple 
 135 feet, with highly ornamented tower. 
 
 St. Mary at Hill, near Lower Thames Street, repaired after 
 the fire in 1670 by Wren ; plain square brick tower. 
 
 St. Mary-le-Bow, Cheapside, built by Sir Christopher Wren 
 on a Roman causeway ; finished in 1677 ; cost 8,071 ; 
 unlike most others in London, it is nearly square in its 
 plan ; the steeple, combining the five orders of architec- 
 ture, is highly celebrated for its scientific arrangement 
 and mechanical skill, is 225 feet high, and is terminated 
 by a spire ; the steeple has been skilfully restored by 
 George Gwilt, Esq. F.S.A. ; there is an ancient Norman 
 crypt, part of the original edifice built in 1087. 
 
 St. Mary-le-Strand, foundation laid 1714; steeple finished 
 1717; architect, Gibbs ; consecrated 1723; a handsome 
 edifice, both exterior and interior. 
 
 St. Mary Magdalen, Old Fish Street, erected 1685 ; archi- 
 tect. Wren ; cost 4,291. 
 
 St. Mary Somerset, Upper Thames Street, first erected about 
 1335; rebuilt 1695; architect. Wren ; cost 6,-579. 
 
 St. Mary's, Vincent Square, Westminster, in the parish of
 
 68 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 St. John; erected partly by subscription and partly by^the 
 Church Commissioners in 1837 ; architect, Blore. 
 
 St. Mary Woolnoth, Lombard Street, an exquisite example 
 of the Italian style, commenced in 1716 and completed in 
 1719; architects, N. Hawksmoor and Gibbs; "the interior, 
 in some respects, is unrivalled by most of those by Sir 
 Christopher Wren, the master and instructor of its archi- 
 tect." On this spot there was a church in 1355 ; rebuilt 
 1496; restored 1620; damaged by the fire of London 
 1666, and restored 1677. 
 
 St. Matthew, Friday Street, rebuilt 1669, very plain; archi- 
 tect. Wren; cost 2,301. 
 
 St. Michael Bassishaw, Basinghall Street, erected by 
 Wren 1676-79; cost 2,822; repaired 1697. 
 
 St. INIichael, Cornhill, designed by Wren, completed by 
 Gibbs in 1723; cost 4,686; admired for its tower, in 
 the Pointed style, and the combination of the various or- 
 ders of architecture ; the tower was built by Gibbs in 1722. 
 
 St. Michael, Paternoster Royal, College Hill ; rebuilt by 
 Wren in 1694; cost 7,455. 
 
 St. Michael, Queenhithe, built by Wren in 1677; 71 feet 
 long, 40 broad, and 39 high ; the steeple and spire 130 
 feet high. 
 
 St. Michael, Wood Street, erected in 1669 by Sir Christo- 
 pher Wren ; of the Ionic order ; cost ^2,554. 
 
 St. Mildred, Bread Street, erected in 1683; architect. Wren ; 
 cost 3,705; handsome pulpit and altar-piece. 
 
 St. Mildred, Poultry, re-built by Wren in 1676 ; cost 
 i^4,654 ; the interior handsome ; the vane on the cupola 
 is a ship half rigged. 
 
 St. Nicholas Cole Abbey, Old Fish Street, re-erected by 
 Wren 1676 ; cost ;'5, 580 ; a plain stone building, with a 
 square tower.
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 69 
 
 St, Olave, Hart Street, Crutched Friars ; antient, with 
 many monuments. 
 
 St. Olave, Old Jewry, erected by Sir Christopher Wren 
 after the fire of 1666; highly decorated interior. 
 
 St. Paul, Bunhill Row, pointed style, handsome and sub- 
 stantial ; site given by the Artillery Company ; conse- 
 crated July 10, 1839 ; architect. Good. 
 
 St. Paul, Covent Garden, designed and built by Inigo Jones 
 about 1631, at an expense of 4,500, which was defrayed 
 by Francis 4th Earl of Bedford ; it is the most complete 
 specimen of the Tuscan order, as described by Vitruvius, 
 no ancient building of the kind now remaining, either in 
 Italy or elsewhere, Walpole relates this anecdote on the 
 authority of Speaker Onslow-: " When the Earl sent for 
 Inigo, he told him that he wanted a chapel for the 
 parishioners of Covent Garden; but added, he would not 
 go to any considerable expense ; ' In short," said he, 
 ' I would not have it much better than a barn.' 'Well 
 then,'' replied Jones, ' you shall have the handsomest 
 barn in England.' " It was reduced to a shell by fire in 
 1795; restored 1798, by Hardwick. 
 
 St. Peter ad Vincula, a Royal Chapel in the Tower of Lon- 
 don. 
 
 St. Peter, Cornhill, said to have been first founded about 
 179, by Lucius the first Christian British king ; rebuilt 
 immediately after the fire by Wren ; cost "5,647 ; very 
 plain exterior, but a handsome interior, with screen, 
 the work of Gibbons ; and a monument to Mr, Wodd- 
 inason's seven children, all destroyed by fire in Leaden - 
 hall Street 1782. 
 
 St. Peter-le-Poor, in Broad Street, begun about 1788, and 
 completed in 1791, at a cost of more than 4,000 ; archi- 
 tect, Jesse Gibson ; built on a circular plan ; fayade sim-
 
 70 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 pie and elegant ; the altar at the west side of the church ; 
 there are no side windows. 
 
 St. Peter, Eaton Square, architect, Hakewell ; Ionic order ; 
 handsome hexastyle portico ; nearly destroyed by fire 
 Dec. 30, 1836 ; restored by Gerrard. 
 
 St. Peter's, Saffron Hill, chapel of ease to St. Andrew 
 Holborn ; built 1832 ; of pointed style, 100 feet long, 64 
 broad, and 60 high ; will hold 2,000 persons ; cost 9,523 ; 
 architect, Barry. 
 
 St. Philip's Chapel, Regent Street; first stone laid May 15, 
 1819 ; opened July 1820 ; architect, G. S. Repton ; cost 
 15,000 ; the tower is a copy from the Choragic monu- 
 ment of Lysicrates at Athens ; the interior about 70 feet 
 square. 
 
 Rolls Liberty, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, Norman 
 Style, erected 1842 from designs by Messrs. C. Davy and 
 J. O. D. Johnson. 
 
 St. Sepulchre, Skinner Street, almost rebuilt by Wren in 
 1670 ; the tower is about 140 feet in height; the interior 
 is elegant, and has twelve columns of the Tuscan order, 
 supporting a vaulted ceiling. 
 
 St. Stephen, Coleman Street, rebuilt by Wren in 1679 ; 
 cost ^4,020 ; very extensive roof supported without 
 pillars ; over the entrance gate to the churchyard is 
 representation of the Resurrection, cast in lead. 
 
 St. Stephen, Walbrook, built by Wren, first stone laid Oct. 
 16, 1672, and completed 1679; cost 7,652; justly re- 
 puted the master-piece of the architect, as it is the admi- 
 ration of all beholders; it is unfortunately obscured by 
 Dance's Mansion House. 
 
 "Behind proud Dance's palace, in disgrace. 
 Retiring Walbrook hides her blushing face ; 
 Perhaps St. Stephen thinks this pile of stones 
 Again may rattle round his batter'd bones."
 
 PRESENT 8TATB AND APPEARANCE. 71 
 
 The roof is supported and the area divided hy sixteen 
 Corinthian columns, eight of which sustain an hemispheri- 
 cal cupola, adorned with caissons, and having a lantern 
 light in the centre. 
 
 St. Swithin, Cannon Street, built by Wren 1680, on some 
 very old ruins ; cost 4,687 ; small but elegant ; in front 
 of it is the " London Stone," supposed to have been 
 a Roman miliary. 
 
 Temple, circular part erected I2th century ; the body, in 
 Pointed style, built 1240 ; suffered injury from fire in 
 1695; repaired in 1742 on a very extensive scale. 
 
 Tennison's Chapel, Regent Street, belongs to St. James's, 
 Piccadilly; founded by Archbishop Tennison. 
 
 Trinity, Minories, partly rebuilt 1706, at a cost of j6858, 
 of brick, very small and plain, but containing some 
 curious monuments. 
 
 Trinity, near Gough Square, in St. Bride's parish ; founda- 
 tion stone laid Oct. 3, 1837 ; consecrated June 21, 1838 ; 
 cost i5,000 ; ground presented by the Goldsmiths' Com- 
 pany ; architect, Shaw. 
 
 Trinity, Gray's Inn Lane, in the parish of St. An- 
 drew, Holborn ; of brick, with small stone steeple ; will 
 accommodate 1,500 persons; and has catacombs for 1,000 
 coffins; cost 7,200; consecrated Dec. 13, 1838; archi- 
 tect, Pennethorne. 
 
 Trinity, Little Queen Street, Holborn, in the parish of 
 St. Giles in the Fields ; pointed architecture of the 
 fifteenth century ; opened 1831 ; contains 2,000 sittings ; 
 cost about 8,600 ; architect, Francis Bedford. 
 
 St. Vedast, Foster Lane, rebuilt in 1698 by Wren ; the 
 tower and spire very elegant ; pronounced one of the best 
 efforts of this great artist; the altar screen is in Gib- 
 bons's best style.
 
 72 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Peerage. Westminster, Marquisate to Grosvenor, 1831. 
 
 Baronetage. Blakiston,1763. Blunt, 1720. Brown, 1731-2. 
 Chamberlain, 1828. Clarges, 1674. Colleton, 1660. 
 Fludyer, 1759. George, 1809. Glyn, 1759; and 1800. 
 Hammick, 1834. Harnage, late Blackman, 1821. Hayes, 
 1797. Heathcote, 1732-3. Hulse, 1739. Hunter, 1812. 
 Nelthorpe, 1666. Pepys, 1801. Robinson, 1660. Shaw, 
 1665. Whichcote, 1660. 
 
 Representatives returned to Parliament. For the City of 
 London 4 ; City of Westminster 2. 
 
 Manufactures. There are many establishments in and 
 near London, the extent of which would excite no little 
 surprise in those who for the first time visited them. 
 Indeed, in the densely packed masses of buildings of the 
 Metropolis, especially in the eastern districts on both 
 sides of the Thames, are many individual establishments 
 which would appear like little towns, if isolated, but 
 which scarcely meet the eye of the passer-by. 
 
 POPULATION IN 1841. 
 
 The Population of the Parishes for 1841 not having been 
 published at the time of printing this sheet, the following 
 Abstract of the Population Returns for the Districts of the 
 several Superintendant Registrars in the County of Mid- 
 dlesex, is here substituted.
 
 PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE. 73 
 
 MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Superintendent Registrar's 
 Districts. 
 
 Houses 
 Inha- 
 bited. 
 
 Uninha- 
 bited. 
 
 Build- 
 ing. 
 
 Persons. 
 
 Barnet (part of) 
 
 1,467 
 
 93 
 
 11 
 
 8,210 
 
 Bethnal Green . 
 
 11,774 
 
 391 
 
 171 
 
 74,087 
 
 Brentford 
 
 6,735 
 
 480 
 
 78 
 
 37,054 
 
 Clerkenwell 
 
 6,943 
 
 207 
 
 79 
 
 56,709 
 
 Edmonton (part of) . 
 
 7,086 
 
 353 
 
 59 
 
 43,009 
 
 St. George-in-the-East 
 
 5,985 
 
 244 
 
 24 
 
 41,351 
 
 St. George, Hanover Square 
 
 7,628 
 
 342 
 
 187 
 
 66,433 
 
 St. Giles and St. George . 
 
 4,970 
 
 189 
 
 29 
 
 54,250 
 
 Hackney .... 
 
 7,197 
 
 317 
 
 187 
 
 42,274 
 
 Hendon .... 
 
 2,453 
 
 189 
 
 11 
 
 15,444 
 
 Holborn .... 
 
 4,098 
 
 448 
 
 8 
 
 39,720 
 
 Islington .... 
 
 8,511 
 
 284 
 
 317 
 
 55,720 
 
 St. James, Westminster 
 
 3,596 
 
 116 
 
 5 
 
 37,407 
 
 Kensington 
 
 16,628 
 
 659 
 
 751 
 
 114,952 
 
 Kingston (part of) 
 
 1,116 
 
 80 
 
 6 
 
 5,907 
 
 London, East 
 
 4,796 
 
 236 
 
 7 
 
 39,655 
 
 London, City of 
 
 7,923 
 
 582 
 
 79 
 
 55,967 
 
 London, West . 
 
 3,332 
 
 162 
 
 9 
 
 33,629 
 
 St, Luke .... 
 
 6,371 
 
 242 
 
 24 
 
 49,982 
 
 St. Martin-in-the-Fields . 
 
 2,440 
 
 70 
 
 4 
 
 25,195 
 
 Marylebone 
 
 14,178 
 
 576 
 
 193 
 
 137,955 
 
 St. Pancras 
 
 14,750 
 
 581 
 
 322 
 
 129,711 
 
 Poplar .... 
 
 5,068 
 
 180 
 
 121 
 
 31,091 
 
 Shoreditch 
 
 12,737 
 
 458 
 
 192 
 
 83,552 
 
 Staines .... 
 
 2,552 
 
 197 
 
 11 
 
 13,216 
 
 Stepney .... 
 
 14,364 
 
 554 
 
 124 
 
 90,657 
 
 Strand .... 
 
 4,532 
 
 747 
 
 9 
 
 43,894 
 
 Uxbridge .... 
 
 3,246 
 
 174 
 
 42 
 
 18,889 
 
 Westminster 
 
 6,439 
 
 206 
 
 52 
 
 56,718 
 
 Whitechapel 
 
 8,755 
 
 493 
 
 44 
 
 71,758 
 
 Metropolitan Police on Duty 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,220 
 
 Total in 1841 
 
 207,670 
 
 9,850 
 
 3,156 
 
 1,576,616 
 
 Houses & Population in 1831 
 
 180,493 
 
 14,413 
 
 3,919 
 
 1,358,330 
 
 
 
 

 
 74 
 
 SUMMARY OF LONDON. 
 
 London is the largest and richest city in the world; oc- 
 cupies a surface of thirty-two square miles, thickly planted 
 with houses, mostly three, four, and five stories high. It con- 
 sists of London city, Westminster city, Finsbury, Maryle- 
 bone, Tower Hamlets, Southwark, and Lambeth districts. 
 The two latter are on the south side of the Thames. It 
 contains 300 churches and chapels of the Establishment; 
 364 Dissenters' chapels ; 22 foreign chapels ; 250 public 
 schools; 1,500 private schools; 150 hospitals; 156 alms- 
 houses, besides 205 other institutions ; 550 public offices ; 14 
 prisons ; 22 theatres ; 24 markets. Consumes annually 
 110,000 bullocks, 776,000 sheep, 250,000 lambs, 2.30,000 
 calves, and 270,000 pigs ; 11,000 tons of butter, 13,000 tons 
 of cheese, 10,000,000 gallons of milk, a million quarters of 
 wheat, or 64 millions of quartern loaves, 65,000 pipes of wine, 
 2,000,000 gallons of spirits, and 2,000,000 barrels of por- 
 ter and ale. Employs 16,502 shoemakers, 14,552 tailors, 
 2,391 blacksmiths, 2,013 whitesmiths, 5,030 house-painters, 
 1,076 fish-dealers, 2,662 hatters and hosiers, 13,208 carpen- 
 ters, 6,822 bricklayers, &c. 5,416 cabinet-makers, 1,005 
 wheelwrights, 2,180 sawyers, 2,807 jewellers, 1,172 old 
 clothesmen (chiefly Jews), 3,628 compositors, 700 press- 
 men, 1,393 stationers, 2,633 watch and clock makers, 4,227 
 grocers, 1,430 milkmen, 5,655 bakers, 2,091 barbers, 1,040 
 brokers, 4,322 butchers, 1,586 cheesemongers, 1,082 che- 
 mists, 4,199 clothiers and linen-drapers, 2,167 coachmakers, 
 1,367 coal merchants. 2,133 coopers, 1,381 dyers, 2,319 
 plumbers, 907 pastrycooks, 869 saddlers, 1,216 tinmen, 803 
 tobacconists, 1,470 turners, 556 undertakers. [The above 
 are all males above twenty years of age.] 10,000 private 
 families of fashion, &c. About 77,000 establishments of 
 trade and industry, 4,400 public houses, 330 hotels, 470 
 beer shops, 960 spirit and wine shops. There are six 
 bridges over the Thames at London. London Docks cover
 
 75 
 
 20 acres ; 14 tobacco warehouses, 14 acres ; and the wine 
 cellars 3 acres, containing- 22,000 pipes. The two West 
 India Docks cover 51 acres. St. Katharine's Docks cover 
 24 acres. The Surrey Docks, on the opposite side, are also 
 very large. There are generally about 5,000 vessels and 
 3,090 boats on the river, employing 8,000 watermen and 
 4,000 labourers. London pays about one-third the window 
 duty in England, the number of houses being about 120,000, 
 rated at upwards of five millions sterling. The house 
 rental is probably seven or eight millions. (Knight's Lon- 
 don.J 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 61. London depopulated by the troops of Boadicea. 
 
 497. Ambrosius, successor of Vortigern, captured London 
 from Hengist, who had taken it about two years before. 
 
 532. Mordred, the base nephew of King Arthur, crowned 
 at London after his treacherous usurpation of his uncle's 
 dominions. 
 
 644. London ravaged by a plague. 
 
 798. London almost wholly burnt down, and numbers of 
 the inhabitants perished. It had greatly suffered by fire 
 in 764 ; and did so again in 801. 
 
 833. A wittenagemot, or meeting of wise men, held at 
 London, to consult on the best means of repelling the 
 Danes, whose incursions had become formidable. 
 
 839. The Danes obtained possession of the city, gave it up 
 to pillage, and committed unheard-of cruelties and mas- 
 sacres. 
 
 851, or 852. The Danes having landed from a fleet of 350 
 sail, laid waste London by fire. 
 
 860. The Danes, renewing their invasion, obtained a per- 
 manent settlement in England.
 
 7^ LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 872. The Danes garrisoned London. 
 
 884. Alfred compelled the Danes to surrender London 
 
 after a short siege. 
 945. A wittenagemot, or parliament, held by Edmund the 
 
 First. 
 96 L A malignant fever raged, and St. Paul's Cathedral 
 
 burnt. 
 982. London almost wholly destroyed by fire. 
 992. Ethelred fitted out a numerous fleet at London to 
 
 prevent the landing of the Danes. 
 994. Anlaf and Sweyn, kings of Norway and Denmark, 
 
 arrived before the city with a fleet of 94 ships, but were 
 
 vigorously repulsed by the citizens. 
 1008. Ethelred and Olaf attacked and destroyed London 
 
 bridge. 
 1013. Sweyn invested London, where the cowardly Ethelred 
 
 had taken refuge, but was obliged to retire. He shortly 
 
 after made a second and successful attack. 
 
 1016. Canute, the son of Swe^n, made three unsuccessful 
 attempts to possess London, being gallantly met by Ed- 
 mund Ironside. 
 
 1017. The whole kingdom awarded to Canute by a council 
 in London. 
 
 1041. Edward the Confessor was chosen king by a general 
 council of the clergy and people held in London. 
 
 1052. Earl Godwin sailed with his fleet through London 
 Bridge to attack the royal fleet, then consisting of fifty 
 sail, lying at Westminster. An accommodation was 
 efl'ected. 
 
 1067. William I. was received into London with a mag- 
 nificent procession of clergy, magistrates, and citi- 
 zens. 
 
 1077. A fire happened in London which destroyed the 
 greatest part of it.
 
 HISTORY. 77 
 
 A. D. 
 
 1086, A fire began at Ludgate which consumed a great 
 part of London, including the Cathedral of St. Paul. 
 
 1091. Upwards of 600 houses and many churches w6re 
 blown down in London on November 16, and London 
 Bridge, being of timber, was destroyed. 
 
 1092. Another fire happened, which destroyed a great part 
 of London. 
 
 1099. AVilliam Rufus kept his Whitsuntide at his new Hall 
 at VYestminster, built in 1097- 
 
 1100. Henry I. crowned king of England at London. 
 
 1136. A great fire happened near London Stone, which ex- 
 tended eastward to Aldgate, and west to St. Erkenw aid's 
 shrine, in St. PauVs, which it destroyed, together with 
 London Bridge, then of wood. " 
 
 1139. King Stephen obliged the citizens to pay one hun- 
 dred marks of silver for a right to choose their own 
 sheriff's. 
 
 1152. King Stephen held a council in London for the 
 purpose of securing the accession of his son Eustace. 
 
 1176. A new bridge of stone was commenced over the 
 Thames at a short distance west of the wooden one at 
 London. 
 
 1189. A massjicre, by the populace, of the Jews at the 
 coronation of Richard I. 
 
 1191. Longchamp, Bp. of Ely, regent in the absence of 
 Richard, summoned to attend a council of the nobility, 
 held in St. Paul's Church Yard ; but refusing, was be- 
 sieged in the Tower by Prince John, and compelled to 
 relinquish his castles and retire to the continent. 
 
 1194. Richard I. on his return to England, after his 
 avaricious imprisonment by Henry VI. of Germany, re- 
 ceived with great pomp and magnificence by the citizens. 
 
 1196. A sedition headed by William Fitz-Osbert, caused a
 
 78 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 good deal of trouble to the authorities, but the rebel was 
 smoked out of Bow Church, which he had fortified, and 
 was beheaded near Smithfield. 
 
 1210. John summoned a parliament to meet him at his 
 palace at St. Bride's. The same year the king was excom- 
 municated by Pope Innocent. 
 
 1212. A dreadful fire, originating in Southwark, burnt 
 down St. Saviour's Church and a great part of the bridge, 
 to the destruction of about three thousand persons who 
 had congregated as spectators. 
 
 1214. Baynard's Castle destroyed by King John. The 
 Crown of England rendered subservient to the Pope of 
 Rome in a full assembly at St. Paul's. 
 
 1215. The Barons, admitted secretly into the city at Aid- 
 gate, May 24, compelled John to consent to meet them at 
 Runnimede. The Tower garrisoned by the Barons, and 
 held till that event, and subsequently till it was given up 
 to Louis the Dauphin. 
 
 1220. Henry III. kept his Lent at the Tower with his 
 Court. 
 
 1222. Disputes arising between the Londoners and West- 
 minster men at two wrestling matches, the king punished 
 the city by severe fines. 
 
 1224. A parliament held at London. 
 
 1236. Henry and his queen Elianor made a public entry 
 into London on the day appointed for the queen's coro- 
 nation, new year's day, when 6,000 poor people were en- 
 tertained in Westminster Hall. 
 
 1241. A grand feast at Westminster Hall by the king, in 
 honour of the legate ; and in the same hall was another 
 still more splendid in 1243, in honour of the nuptials of 
 his brother Richard Earl of Cornwall. 
 
 1244. A riot in the church of the priory of St. Bartho-
 
 HISTORY. 79 
 
 A. D. 
 
 loniew, occasioned by the visit of Boniface, Archbishop of 
 Canterbury, in opposition to the canons, several of whom 
 were nearly killed. 
 
 1247. A great earthquake about London. 
 
 1256. Henry III., the king and queen of Scotland, and a 
 great number of the nobility, entertained at Tothill Fields, 
 by John Mansel, priest, and a minister of state, high in 
 the King's favour. 
 
 1258. Baldwin, the Greek Emperor, received in a very 
 pompous manner by the mayor. This year 20,000 per- 
 sons are said to have died in London, from a scarcity of 
 grain. 
 
 1263. Prince Edward, at his return from Wales, broke 
 open the treasury of the Templars, and took 10,000 of 
 the citizens there deposited. This produced a rebel- 
 lion. 
 
 1264. In Passion Week upwards of five hundred Jews were 
 cruelly massacred, and their houses and synagogues de- 
 stroyed by the populace. 
 
 1267. Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, fortified Lon- 
 don. 
 
 1269. A frost from November to Candlemas stopped all 
 merchandize, and goods were brought from Sandwich by 
 land. 
 
 1272. Henry III. died at Westminster, and buried in 
 the abbey. 
 
 1274. Edward I. and his queen received with great rejoic- 
 ing and pomp. 
 
 1278. The Jews, to the number of 210, executed in the 
 city by order of the king, beiug accused of clipping the 
 king's coin. 
 
 1282. The head of Llewellin Prince of Wales, brought in 
 triumph to the city, stuck on the pillory in Cheapside, and
 
 80 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 then fixed upon the Tower. In the severe winter five of 
 the arches of London Bridge borne down and carried 
 away by the ice. 
 
 1305. Sir William Wallace condemned for high treason in 
 Westminster Hall, and executed at Smithfield. 
 
 1306. Prince Edward knighted at Westminster. 
 
 1317- Edward III. kept his Whitsuntide with great state at 
 Westminster Hall. 
 
 1320. The parliament of the White Bands, or partizans of 
 
 ,. the barons, met at Westminster, and marched their army 
 to London. 
 
 1328. Philippa of Hainault received with great pomp and 
 magnificence by the mayor and citizens. 
 
 1340-2. Edward III. chiefly kept his court at the Tower. 
 
 1347. David King of Scotland conducted in procession a 
 prisoner to the Tower. 
 
 1349. 50,000 people buried of the plague on the site of the 
 present Charter- house, which was purchased for that pur- 
 pose. Of this plague, which is thought to have originated 
 in India, Stowe says it so wasted and spoiled the people 
 of England that scarce the tenth person of all sorts was 
 left alive. The pestilence did not subside till nearly ten 
 years after. 
 
 1357. Great justing at Smithfield before the king. 
 
 1359. Edward the Black Prince, and his royal prisoner, 
 John King of France, with a numerous cavalcade, received 
 in the city with such ostentation as was never before 
 seen. 
 
 1362. On the first five days of May justs were held at 
 Smithfield, before the king and queen. 
 
 1363. Henry Picard, lc(rd mayor, entertained the kings of 
 England, Scotland, France and Cyprus, the Prince of 
 Wales, and most of the nobility.
 
 HISTORY. 81 
 
 A.l). 
 
 1369. A grand tournament at Smithfield, in honour of 
 Alice Pierce, Edward's mistress, whom he dignified with 
 the appellation of Lady of the Sun. This was also a 
 plague year. 
 
 1377- A remarkable mummery was made by the citizens, 
 for the disport of the young prince, Richard son of the 
 Black Prince, which went from Newgate to Kennington. 
 The Savoy Palace attacked by the Londoners, in con- 
 sequence of John of Gaunt upholding the tenets of 
 Wycliffe. 
 
 1380. The mob under Wat Tyler destroyed the Savoy 
 Palace in the Strand ; brake open the Fleet and set the 
 prisoners free ; and did a great deal of mischief all over 
 the city. It was suppressed by Sir William Walworth 
 striking the ringleader on the head with his mace, and so 
 killing him, in Smithfield, in the presence of the King. 
 
 1382. Anne of Luxembourg, sister to the Emperor 
 Wenceslaus, conducted in the greatest pomp through the 
 city to Westminster, where she was married to the young 
 King, Jan. 14. 
 
 1390. A great " passage of arms," took place on London 
 Bridge between the Earl of Craufurt, and Lord John de 
 Wells. 
 
 1393. The Scotch Earl of Mar challenged the Earl of Not- 
 tingham to joust at Smithfield, in which the former was 
 severely wounded. 
 
 1399. Henry Duke of Lancaster was declared King in place 
 of the deposed Richard, and crowned Oct. 13. 
 
 1400. The Grecian Emperor, John Emanuel Palaeologus, 
 arriving to solicit succour against the Turks, was received 
 with great pomp by the corporations. 
 
 1401. Richard II. kept his Christmas at Westminster Hall, 
 
 n
 
 82 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 A.D. 
 
 entertaining on each day 10,000 guests. This year was 
 passed the statute for the "burning of obstinate heretics," 
 and a London priest was the first who suffered. 
 
 1407. A plague carried off 30,000 inhabitants ; and on 
 Oct 12, three tides occurred in the Thames within twenty- 
 four hours. 
 
 1413. Henry IV. died in the Jerusalem Chamber at West- 
 minster, March 20. A prophecy, it is said, foretold his 
 death in Jerusalem. It is alluded to in Shakspere's play. 
 
 1430. A battle fought in Smithfield between a knight of 
 Arragon and one of the King's squires, in which the latter 
 was victorious, and knighted by the King. 
 
 1445. Queen Margaret conducted with great pomp through 
 the city. 
 
 1447. July 2, Jack Cade entered the city, and coming to 
 London Stone said, " Now is Mortimer lord of this city." 
 After the dispersion of the insurgents and the death of 
 Cade, Henry, on the 4th of December, marched his army 
 through the city. 
 
 1455. The king being taken prisoner at St. Alban's, was 
 brought to the Bishop's palace, "where they kept their 
 Whitsontide with great joye and solemnitie." 
 
 1460. Lord Scales demanded admittance into the city with 
 an army in favour of Henry VI. but was refused. He 
 then took possession of the Tower ; but the Earl of 
 March, coming with an army of 25,000 men, left the Earl 
 of Salisbury to besiege the Tower. Scales, in attempting 
 his escape by water, was recognized and killed by the 
 ferrymen, who landed him dead at St. Mary Overy's. 
 
 1461. Edward IV. dined at Baynard's Castle. The day 
 after his coronation at Westminster he went crowned to 
 St. Paul's, and " there an angel came down and censed 
 him."
 
 HISTORY. 83 
 
 A.D. 
 
 1467. Lord Scales, brother to the queen, met the Bastard 
 of Burgundy at Smithfield before a great company. 
 
 1470. Henry, released from his captivity in the Tower by the 
 Earl of Warwick, was proclaimed King, and went crowned 
 to St. Paul's. Edward, however, having procured assist- 
 ance, marched to the capital, and was admitted with great 
 joy. 
 
 1471. Edward IV. met by the mayor, aldermen, and citi- 
 zens on the 21st of May, between Shoreditch and Isling- 
 ton. The Bastard Falconbridge, under pretence of re- 
 leasing King Henry, attacked London Bridge, but was 
 repulsed. 
 
 1472. Printing introduced by Caxton, and the art 
 
 EXERCISED IN WESTMINSTER AbBEY. 
 
 1483. Edward IV. died at Westminster, April 9 ; and his 
 executors met at the house of Cicely Duchess of York in 
 Paul's Wharf, to issue a commission for the care of the 
 royal property. Edward V. received into the city with 
 great pomp and joy. Richard resided at Crosby Place 
 and Baynard's Castle, where the citizens went to beseech 
 him to take the crown. 
 
 1486. Henry VU. united the rival claims of York and 
 Lancaster by marrying Elizabeth, dau. of Edward IV. at 
 Westminster. 
 
 1497. Perkin Warbeck exposed for a whole day in the 
 stocks at Westminster, again at the Cross, Cheapside, and 
 conveyed to the Tower, whence he endeavoured to escape. 
 
 1499-1500. The plague carried off upwards of 30,000 citi- 
 zens. 
 
 1501. May 2, a Royal jousting at the Tower. Prince Ar- 
 thur married to Katharine of Spain on the 12th of No. 
 vember, with very great pageantry. 
 
 1510. Henry VIII. and his Queen came to the city to see
 
 84 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 the march of the City Watch, which took place every year 
 
 on the vigils of St. John Baptist and St. Peter and St. 
 
 Paul. 
 1511. A sumptuous tournament at Whitehall, in honour 
 
 of the Duke of Anjou. 
 1513. A plague year. 
 1515. So hard a frost that carriages of all sorts passed over 
 
 the river between Westminster and Lambeth. 
 1517. An insurrection against foreigners on May-day, since 
 
 called Evil May-day, which did very great mischief before 
 
 it was quelled. The houses were plundered and lives lost, 
 
 and it was with difficulty appeased. 
 1522. The Emperor Charles V. conducted by the King to 
 
 London, which was decorated with processions, &c. He 
 
 was lodged at the Blackfriars. 
 
 1524. A parliament held at the Blackfriars. 
 
 1525. A plague year. 
 
 1529. The Cardinals Campejus and Wolsey sat at the Black- 
 friars to consider of the lawfulness of the King's marriage 
 with Catharine, which ended in the sentence of divorce. 
 And in the same year the parliament which condemned 
 Wolsey in & praemunire, assembled there. 
 
 1531. Richard Rose, cook to the Bishop of Rochester, 
 boiled to death in Smithfield for poisoning sixteen persons 
 with porridge. Henry VIII. and Queen Katharine of 
 Arragon, with the foreign ambassadors, dined at Ely 
 House, Holborn. 
 
 1533. Anne Boleyn conveyed in state through the city 
 to Westminster for her coronation. Three years after- 
 wards she was condemned and beheaded at the Tower. 
 
 1542. Catharine Howard, queen, beheaded at the Tower. 
 
 1548. A plague year. 
 
 1554. The proposed marriage of Queen Mary with the
 
 HISTORY. 85 
 
 A. D. 
 
 King of Spain produced a rebellious movement. Sir 
 Thomas Wynt, at the head of a party of rebels, endea- 
 voured to enter London, but was compelled to retire. He 
 then crossed the Thames near Kingston, went to West- 
 minster, and at Charing Cross was met by Sir John Gage, 
 whom he repulsed, and then proceeded on to Ludgate. 
 Being unable to effect an entrance, he surrendered to Sir 
 Maurice Berkeley. 
 
 1558. Jan. 14. Elizabeth went from the Tower to West- 
 minster to be crowned with great pomp and state. Pa- 
 geants and speeches met her everywhere. 
 
 1563-4. 20,000 persons died of the plague. 
 
 157U. Queen Elizabeth sumptuously entertained at Gresham 
 House by Sir Thomas ; and proclaimed the new Ex- 
 change to be a Royal Exchange. 
 
 1.571. A great jousting at Westminster before theQueen on 
 the three first days of May. 
 
 1574. A plague year. 
 
 1579. Stubbes and Page each lost a hand in the Market- 
 place, Westminster, for writing against the talked of 
 marriage of Elizabeth with the Duke of Anjou, 
 
 1582. Nearly 7,000 died of the plague. 
 
 1588. After the defeat of the Spanish Armada, the Queen 
 rode in great state to St. Paul's Cathedral to return 
 thanks. 
 
 1592. More than 11,000 persons died of the plague. 
 
 1601. Feb. 7- The Earl of Essex held a conference with 
 his partisans, on the plan of seizing Elizabeth in her 
 palace at Whitehall. On the following morning he went 
 to thecity, but not meeting with any aid, and the Queen's 
 friends being abroad, he returned by water to Essex 
 House, Strand, which he fortified. He was seized, and 
 beheaded on the 19th.
 
 86 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 1603. April 28. Elizabeth buried at Westminster. May 7, 
 James made his public entry into London ; entertained 
 four days at the Charter-house by Lord Thomas Howard ; 
 thence to Whitehall, and to the Tower. Between 30 and 
 40,000 persons died of the plague, 
 
 J 605. The Gunpowder Plot to blow up the Kin^ and Par- 
 liament, at the opening of the Parliament at Westminster, 
 discovered. Guy Faukes seized and with others of the 
 conspirators suffered. 
 
 1606. Christian IV. King of Denmark, treated with extra- 
 ordinary magnificence and revelling. 
 
 1607. James I., his son Henry, and very many of the nobi- 
 lity, splendidly entertained by the Merchant Taylors' 
 Company. 
 
 1610. Henry, eldest son of James, created Prince of Wales, 
 at Whitehall, June 12, with great shows and feasting. 
 
 1618. In October, the brave, the gallant, generous, and 
 learned Sir Walter Raleigh beheaded in Old Palace Yard, 
 Westminster, at the instigation of Spain, to the eternal 
 disgrace of the pusillanimous James. He had been im- 
 prisoned on the charge for which he suffered nearly fifteen 
 years. 
 
 1623. Nov. 5, 94 persons killed by the falling in of a 
 floor at Blackfriars during the sermon of a Jesuit priest. 
 
 1625. The plague carried off upwards of 35,000 persons. 
 
 1634 The four Inns of Court entertained their Majesties 
 with a most splendid masque at the Banqueting House, 
 Whitehall ; the masquers and their company came in 
 gorgeous procession from Ely House, Holborn. 
 
 1636. The plague carried off 11,000 persons. 
 
 1642. Jan. 4. Charles went to the parliament guarded, 
 and made a rash attempt to seize five members and Lord 
 Kimbolton, which produced the first warlike steps on the
 
 HISTORY. 87 
 
 A. D. 
 
 part of the Commons. The breach then became every day 
 wider; Charles thought it advisable to leave the city; 
 which then became completely under the Parliamentary 
 influence, and numerous are their ordinances for its regu- 
 lation and fortification. 
 
 1643. Westminster Abbey, in July, converted into barracks 
 for the soldiers, who broke down the rails about the altar, 
 placed forms round the communion table, from off which 
 they dined and supped, drinking- ale and smoking tobacco 
 as they sat; they demolished the organ and pawned the 
 pipes at the neighbouring pothouses for sale ; and, dressing 
 themselves in the surplices, &c. turned every thing reli- 
 gious into ridicule. Sept. 25. The solemn league and 
 covenant taken in St. Margaret's Church Westminster, by 
 both houses of Parliament, the Assembly of Divines, and 
 Scottish Commissioners. Within a few days it was also 
 taken by all the principal citizens and inhabitants of Lon- 
 don. 
 
 1644. In January, the city gave a splendid entertainment to 
 both houses of Parliament at Merchant Taylors' Hall. 
 
 1645. June 14. Both houses attended a thanksgiving ser- 
 mon at Christ Church, Newgate Street, and were sumptu- 
 ously entertained at Grocers' Hall, in consequence of the 
 battle of Naseby. 
 
 1649. Jan. 6. An ordinance passed to bring the King to 
 trial ; on the 8th the High Court of Justice assembled in 
 the Painted Chamber ; but removed on the 20th to West- 
 minster Hall, which had been properly fitted up. The 
 King having been removed from Windsor to St. James's, 
 and thence to Sir Robert Cotton's, was placed at the bar; 
 but denying the legality of the Court, the Court adjourned 
 to the Painted Chamber to hear witnesses on the charges. 
 On the 27th, in the Hall, the King was brought up and
 
 88 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 received that sentence which was too cruelly executed on 
 the 30th, before his palace of Whitehall, March 9. Seve- 
 ral noblemen beheaded in Palace Yard. 
 
 1651. Sept. 16. Cromwell, after the battle of Worcester, 
 conducted from Acton with great state, and feasted at 
 Guildhall. 
 
 1653. April 20. Cromwell dissolved the Long- Parliament 
 by military force. In December, he was sworn as Lord 
 Protector, in the Chancery Court at Westminster. 
 
 1657. June 26. Cromwell solemnly inaugurated in West- 
 minster Hall, with great magnificence. 
 
 1658. Several conspirators against Cromwell seized at their 
 house of rendezvous in Shoreditch, Feb. 4 Sept. 3, the 
 Protector died at Whitehall. 
 
 1660. After General Monk had prepared everything favour- 
 able for the King's return, Charles, after landing at Do- 
 ver, advanced to town and made his public entry into the 
 Metropolis on the 29th of May, the anniversary of his 
 protection by the oak-tree, and also of Oliver Cromwell's 
 triumphant entry on his return from Ireland, after the 
 King's death. July 5. The King and royal family sump- 
 tuously entertained at Guildhall. In October the regi- 
 cides were executed at Charing Cross. 
 
 1661. Jan. A desperate insurrection of a fanatical sect 
 called Fifth Monarchy Men, which destroyed many lives 
 before it was suppressed. April 23. Charles crowned at 
 Westminster, and revived the ancient custom of going in 
 procession from the Tower. May 22, the solemn league 
 and covenant burnt in Cheapside ; and on the 28th the 
 acts for the trial of Charles, &c. burnt in the midst of 
 Westminster Hall. 
 
 1664-6. This was the period of the great plague, which 
 began at the top of Drury Lane in the winter of 1664,
 
 HisTORr. 89 
 
 A. D. 
 
 and continued to ravage London with unparalleled seve- 
 rity till February 1666. It was at its height in Septem- 
 ber 1665, when as many as 12,000 persons died in one 
 week, and of them 4,000 in one night. Defoe, the in- 
 teresting historian of this awful visitation, declares that 
 100,000 persons perished. It was, at the commencement, 
 the general opinion of the people that to resist it was 
 to insult the Deity ; and at the end itwas thought that all 
 would die, and therefore it was not to be shunned. Fires 
 were burnt in the streets to purify the air, but the rain 
 put them out. It ceased in the beginning of the year 
 
 1666, and this severe affliction was followed in a short 
 time afterwards by the " great Fire of London," which 
 lasted four days and nights, and destroyed nearly the 
 whole city. It began on Sunday Sept. 2, in Pudding 
 Lane, near New Fish Street, and extended to Holborn 
 Bridge, Pye Corner, Aldersgate, Coleman Street, lower 
 end, Basinghall Street, Leadenhall Street, Mincing Lane, 
 and Tower Dock, It consumed 400 streets, 13,200 dwel- 
 ling houses, St. Paul's Cathedral, 89 churches, besides 
 chapels, four of the city gates, and a vast number of pub- 
 lic and stately edifices. The total loss of property was 
 estimated at nearly ten millions. The Monument was 
 erected to perpetuate the event, which was falsely ascribed 
 to the malignity of the Catholics. It was the result of ac- 
 cident, and in its effects ought to be viewed as a blessing 
 of the Almighty. The re-building brought into opera- 
 tion the great talents of Wren. London was rebuilt in 
 four years. 
 
 1667. Charles II. laid the foundation-stone of the Royal 
 Exchange, Oct. 23, and was magnificently entertained on 
 the spot. In 1671, and the six following years, and again 
 in 1681, the King was present in Guildhall, at the Lord 
 Mayor's feast.
 
 90 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 1673. The desperate attempt of Colonel Blood to obtain 
 possession of the regfalia took place. 
 
 1680 1G84. These years were distinguished by g-ross vio- 
 lations of the laws of the country, through the medium of 
 a series of plots, as false as destructive. The names of 
 Russell and Sydney, among the sufferers, will ever be en- 
 deared in the memories of their countrymen. 
 
 1685, Feb. 6. Charles II. ended a reign of tyranny and 
 licentiousness at Whitehall, not without suspicion of poi- 
 son. April 23. James II. and his Queen crowned at 
 Westminster. Then came the day of retribution. Some 
 of the merciless persecutors in the preceding reign now 
 experienced an excess of cruelty in themselves. 
 
 1687. The King was entertained at Guildhall on Lord 
 Mayor's day. 
 
 1688. James quitted Whitehall in disguise on the night of 
 Dec. 10. 
 
 1689. King William and Queen Mary were present at the 
 Lord Mayor's feast in Guildhall, as they were again in 
 1692, and the King in 1697. 
 
 1702. Queen Anne dined with the Lord Mayor, Nov. 9, 
 and on the 12th, accompanied by both houses of Parlia- 
 ment, went in great state to St. Paul's to attend a solemn 
 thanksgiving for the success of the Duke of Marlborough 
 in the Low Countries. During her reign there were fre- 
 quent thanksgivings at St. Paul's. 
 
 1703. A great storm commenced on the night of Nov. 26, 
 which destroyed property to the amount of two millions 
 sterling in the city alone. Several persons were killed, 
 and nearly 200 wounded. 
 
 1710. Numbers of meeting-houses destroyed by the 
 
 Sacheverell, or High Church mob. 
 1714. King George the First dined at the Lord Mayor's 
 
 feast.
 
 HISTORY. 91 
 
 A. D. 
 
 1715. 120 houses destroyed by fire in Thames Street, 
 Jan. 15. 
 
 1720. This year was memorable for the bursting of the 
 "South Sea Bubble." A company of merchants trading 
 to the South Sea, having increased their wealth, proposed 
 to Government to take into their fund all the debts of the 
 nation incurred before 1716. This was accepted, and 
 stock rose rapidly till it reached 1100 per cent. The 
 directors then selling their stock, an alarm was created, 
 and such a sudden reduction took place as to bring it 
 down to 86 per cent. A vast many persons were entirely 
 ruined, and the greatest misery and distress for a long 
 time prevailed. A Parliamentary investigation took 
 place, and the estates of the directors were confiscated, 
 to the amount of 2,014,000. 
 
 1727. King George the Second and his Queen, the Duke 
 of Cumberland, and the three eldest Princesses, dined at 
 Guildhall on Lord Mayor's day. 
 
 1739-40. From Christmas Day to Feb, 17, the frost was 
 so intense that the Thames was frozen over, and games 
 and recreations were carried on on its surface. It is 
 known as " the Great Frost." 
 
 1746. Lords Kilmarnock and Balmerino were executed, 
 Aug. 18, on Tower Hill, for aiding in the attempt to re- 
 store the House of Stuart ; and April 9, 1 747, Simon 
 Lord Lovat shared the same fate. At this execution, the 
 falling of a scaffold killed as many as twenty persons, and 
 injured a great many more. 
 
 1747. A dreadful fire at Cornhill, March 25, destroyed 
 nearly 100 houses. 
 
 1751. Two shocks of earthquake were felt. They did some 
 
 damage, and created great alarm. 
 1761. King George the Third and Queen Charlotte, with 
 
 the Royal Family, dined at the Lord Mayor's feast.
 
 92 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 AD. 
 
 1768. Mr. Wilkes being confined in the King's Bench pri- 
 son, a riot occurred, in which several persons were killed 
 by the military. 
 
 1780. Lord George Gordon, M.P. at the head of a body of 
 50,000 men, members of a Protestant Association, marched 
 from St. George's Fields to Westminster, to present their 
 petition to the Commons against the Catholics. The mob 
 attempted to gain admittance to both Houses of Parlia- 
 ment, but without success. They then separated into 
 parties, and proceeded to destroy the houses and chapels 
 of all Catholics. The excesses continued for several days. 
 They attacked Newgate Prison, set it on fire, and released 
 the prisoners. They then attacked the two prisons in 
 Clerkenwell, liberated the prisoners, and destroyed the 
 offices and houses of several Magistrates. They twice un- 
 successfully attacked the Bank, and did much other mis- 
 chief for several days. The civil authorities were so 
 paralysed, that they appeared to give up the city to the 
 wild fury of the mob. At length a strong arrival of 
 military awed them into quiet. Several hundred lives 
 were lost ; and a vast number of houses burnt down. 
 
 1786. As George the Third was stepping out of his car- 
 riage at St. James's, Margaret Nicholson, an insane 
 woman, under the pretence of presenting a petition, 
 struck at him with a knife. The blow was warded off by 
 a page, and the woman seized. 
 
 1788. A severe frost from Nov. 25, for exactly seven weeks. 
 
 1789. George the Third having recovered from his mental 
 indisposition, their Majesties went to St. Paul's in great 
 state on April 23, and the day was celebrated as one of 
 general thanksgiving throughout the kingdom. 
 
 1791, Feb. 2. The Thames overflowed its banks to a very 
 great extent.
 
 HISTORY. 93 
 
 A. D. 
 
 1792, May 8. An attempt made to set the House of Com- 
 mons on fire. 
 
 1794. A large fire, July 23, at Cock Hill, Ratcliffe HTgh- 
 way, consumed more houses than any fire since the fire 
 of Loudon in 1666. It orig^inated from the boiling over 
 of a pitch kettle at a boat builder's, 700 houses were de- 
 stroyed, and about 400 families lost all they possessed. 
 
 1797. The King and royal family went in procession to 
 St. Paul's to celebrate the three great victories under 
 Howe, St. Vincent, and Duncan. 
 
 1799. The French having repeatedly threatened an invasion, 
 a Volunteer Corps, above 12,000 strong, was raised and 
 reviewed by their Majesties in Hyde Park. A similar 
 threat in 1803 increased the corps to 30,000 strong. 
 
 1800, May 15. At Drury Lane Theatre an attempt made 
 to assassinate his Majesty by one James Hatfield, a 
 lunatic, by firing a pistol. 
 
 1806, Jan. 8. The body of Lord Nelson carried in great 
 state to St. Paul's Cathedral, for interment. 
 
 1809. The celebrated O. P. riots, produced by raising the 
 price of admission, occurred at the Theatre Royal, Covenj; 
 Garden. 
 
 1810. Sir Francis Burdett committed to the Tower by the 
 House of Commons. London was in a riot for several 
 days, and he was obliged to be conducted by the mili- 
 tary. 
 
 1812, May 18. Mr. Perceval, Chancellor of the Exchequer, 
 shot in the lobby of the House of Commons by a man 
 named John Bellingham. 
 
 1813-14. A dense fog, great fall of snow, and a frost severe 
 enough to render the river Thames capable of supporting 
 booths, &c. and great crowds of visitors, produced a very 
 distressing winter.
 
 94 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 1814. Louis XVIII. of France, the Emperor Alexander of 
 Russia, the King of Prussia and his two sons. Marshal 
 Blucher, &c. &c. entertained with great pomp and state, 
 by the City, the Merchant Taylors' Company, &c. 
 
 1815. The Metropolis was illuminated throughout for three 
 nights to celebrate the victory at Waterloo. On the 1st 
 Aug. the grand celebration of peace was observed by a 
 display of fire-works in the parks, upon a scale of great 
 magnificence. Every entertaining amusement was pro- 
 vided for the crowds of people who attended. 
 
 1816. The first steam-boat seen on the Thames, was one 
 fitted up by Mr. George Dodd, at Glasgow ; and which 
 had come from that port in 121 hours. 
 
 1820. The Cato Street conspiracy, to assassinate the whole 
 of the Ministry, was discovered Feb. 23. Arthur This- 
 tlewood and four others were executed. Queen Caroline 
 returned, June 6, to England after along absence, and was 
 most enthusiastically welcomed by the country ; on July 5, 
 a bill of pains and penalties was introduced into the House 
 of Lords against her. The hearing of evidence was com- 
 menced on August 17, and continued till Nov. 10, when 
 the Bill was abandoned. On the 29th her Majesty went 
 to St Paul's to return thanks for the defeat of these pro- 
 ceedings ; and the Metropolis was most brilliantly illu- 
 minated. 
 
 1821, July 19. George IV. crowned. The procession was 
 a walking one on a platform from Westminster Hall to 
 the Abbey. Queen Caroline went to the Abbey and de- 
 manded her admittance as Queen Consort of England, but 
 was refused. On this pageant, witnessed but by few, an 
 immense sum of money was expended. August 7- Queen 
 Caroline died at Brandenburgh House, Hammersmith, 
 and on the 14th her remains were conveyed through the
 
 HISTORY. 95 
 
 A. D. 
 
 Metropolis on their way to Germany. The people were 
 desirous that the procession should go through the city ; 
 the Government was opposed to it ; some riots occurred, 
 and the soldiers fired, but the people conducted the proces- 
 sion through the city. 
 
 1824-5. The bubble year. Upwards of 300 schemes were 
 projected this year ; and the amount of money requisite 
 to carry them into operation was three hundred and fifty 
 millions sterling. By the end of the year upwards of 
 fifty millions had been paid, when the bubble burst, and 
 thousands were reduced to poverty and ruin. Several 
 banks stopped payment, and the panic was awful. To 
 afford relief. Government issued one and two pound bank 
 notes, and 150,000 sovereigns per day for one week. The 
 panic soon subsided. 
 
 1830. The city made great preparations to entertain Wil' 
 Ham the Fourth and his Queen at the Lord Mayor's festi- 
 val. His Majesty, however, on the advice of his Minis- 
 ters, a few days before the day fixed, declined to attend, a 
 letter having been received from the City, by the Home 
 Secretary, announcing fears that an attack would be 
 made on the Duke of Wellington, and the occasion taken 
 for a general riot. The great unpopularity of the Duke 
 was occasioned by his declaring, in his place in Parlia- 
 ment as Prime Minister, that no Reform in the Repre- 
 sentation of the people was at all needed. The excite- 
 ment of the people was increased ; meetings were held, 
 the Ministry condemned, and many affrays between the 
 police and the mobs took place. On the 16th the Duke of 
 Wellington's Ministry resigned, and that of Earl Grey 
 was appointed, pledged to Reform. 
 1831. On the first of March, Lord John Russell submitted 
 to the House of Commons the plan of the Government for
 
 96 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 A. D. 
 
 Reform. The debate lasted for six nights, when the Bills 
 were ordered to be brought in. On the 19th of April the . 
 Ministers were defeated by a majority of eight in Com- 
 mittee on the English Bill, and Parliament was dissolved. 
 On the 2Ist of June the new Parliament met, and on the 
 20th of September passed the Reform Bill by a majority 
 of 113 to 58. The Bill was thrown out in the Lords on 
 the 7th of October, by a majority of 199 to L^S. On the 
 20th Parliament was prorogued ; and then followed pub- 
 lic meetings, the formation of political unions, and many 
 serious riots, and incendiary fires. Parliament met again 
 December 6, again the Reform Bill was passed by the 
 Commons, and thrown out in Committee by the Lords. 
 Lord Grey resigned, and the Duke of Wellington was 
 called upon to form a ministry, but failing to do so. Earl 
 Grey was restored, with an assurance from the King of 
 the success of the Reform Bill. On the 4th of June 1832, 
 it passed the House of Lords, and on the 7th it received 
 the Royal Assent by Commission. 
 
 1833. The first Reformed Parliament met on the 29th of 
 January. 
 
 1834, Oct. 16. The two Houses of Parliament, with nearly 
 all their various offices, &c. were destroyed by fire. The 
 old Painted Chamber was subsequently fitted up for the 
 temporary House of Lords; and the White Hal), late the 
 House of Lords, for the temporary House of Commons. 
 
 1837- Queen Victoria paid a visit to the citizens of Lon- 
 don, and dined at the Guildhall on Lord Mayor's Day. 
 Her reception exceeded that of any previous monarch. 
 In the evening the Metropolis was brilliantly illuminated. 
 
 1840, February 10. Her Majesty was married at St. 
 James's Palace, to Prince Albert of Saxe Coburg ; and 
 on the 21st of November the Princess Royal was born at 
 Buckingham Palace.
 
 97 
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 
 
 Adair, James, partisan of Wilkes, Recorder of London, an 
 afterwards Chief Justice of Chester ; died 1798 at Lich- 
 field. 
 
 Adams, John, Provost of Queen's College, Cambridge ; died 
 1719. 
 
 Albricius, physician and philosopher of the eleventh cen- 
 tury. 
 
 Alcock, John, Mus. Doct. musical composer ; born in 1715 ; 
 died 1806. 
 
 Aldrich, Henry, eminent scholar and divine; born in West- 
 minster 1647; died 1710. 
 
 Alford, Michael, Jesuit, and author on ecclesiastical history; 
 born 1587; died at St. Omer's 1652. 
 
 Allestrey, Jacob, poet; died 1686. 
 
 Alleyne, Edward, " the Proteus for shape, and Roscius 
 for a tongue," actor, founder of Dulvvich College; born in 
 St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate, 1556 ; died in 1626, and 
 buried in the chapel of his own college at Dulwich. 
 
 Andrewes, Lancelot, Bp. of Winchester, greatly esteemed by 
 Elizabeth, James, and Charles; learned, able, and benefi- 
 cent; wit and author; born in All Hallows Barking, 1555; 
 died 1626.
 
 9S LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Anspach, Elizabeth Margravine of, accomplished author; 
 born in Berkeley House, Spring Gardens, 1750 ; died 
 1828. 
 
 Anthony, Francis, noted empyric and chemist; born 1550, 
 
 John, his son and successor ; died 1655. 
 
 Argall, John, writer and disputant ; died 1606. 
 
 Arnald, Richard, divine and commentator ; died 1756. 
 
 Arnall, William, political writer, author of the " Free Bri- 
 ton," in defence of Walpole ; received 11,000 from the 
 Treasury in four years ; committed suicide from want, in 
 1741, a^ed 26. 
 
 Arne, Thomas Augustine, Mus. Doct. eminent musical 
 composer ; author of the opera of Artaxerxes and burletta 
 of Tom Thumb, &c.; King- Street, Covent Garden. 1710; 
 died in 1778. 
 
 Arnold, John, ingenious mechanic, watch-maker; born 1744 ; 
 died 1799. 
 
 Dr. Samuel, musician, and composer of the opera of 
 
 The Maid of the Mill, the oratorio of the Prodigal Son, 
 &c.; born about 1739; died Oct. 22, 1802, in Duke 
 Street, Westminster. 
 
 Arnolde, Richard, merchant, author of a work called "The 
 Customes of London;" died 1521. 
 
 Ashwell, George, divine and loyalist; author of treatises 
 in defence of the Church of England; St. Martin, Lud- 
 gate, 1612. 
 
 Bacon, Francis, Viscount St. Alban's, Lord Chancellor 
 of England ; philosophical writer ; fined 40,000 for ac- 
 cepting bribes as Chancellor; generally esteemed "the 
 glory and ornament of his age and nation," and "the 
 father of experimental philosophy ;" York House, Strand, 
 Jan. 22, 1560-1 ; died at Highgate in April 1626. 
 
 Baker, Henry, ingenious and diligent naturalist ; instructor
 
 EMINENT NATIVES 99 
 
 of the deaf and dumb ; author of poems; Chancery Lane, 
 1698; died in 1774. 
 
 Barnes, Joshua, learned divine, and Greek Professor at 
 Cambridge ; educated at Christ's Hospital ; so charitable 
 that he was known to give away his only coat to a beggar 
 at tlie door ; 1654 ; died in 1712. 
 
 Barrow, Isaac, eminent mathematician and divine; edu- 
 cated at the Charter House ; Greek and Mathematical 
 professor at Cambridge ; so eloquent a preacher that 
 Charles II. called him an unfair one, for leaving nothing 
 to be said after him ; born 1630 ; died May 1677. 
 
 Basire, James, celebrated engraver; born 1730; died 1802, 
 His father Isaac, and his son and grandson, both named 
 James, were also eminent engravers. 
 
 Bathurst, Allen Earl, distinguished nobleman ; the friend 
 of Bolingbroke, Addison, Pope, Swift, Gay, &c. ; born in 
 St. James's Square, Westminster, 1684; died in 1775, 
 aged 91. 
 
 Baynes, Paul, divine; died 1617. 
 
 Beckett, St. Thomas h, Archbp. of Canterbury; haughty 
 churchman; born on site of Mercers' Hall, 1119; mar- 
 tyred at the altar of Canterbury Cathedral, Dec. 29, 1170; 
 canonized in 1172; and the pilgrims to his shrine out- 
 numbered those to any other in the kingdom. 
 
 Berkeley, George, D.D. divine, printed a few political ser- 
 mons; born in Grosvenor Street, 1733; died in 1795. 
 
 Sir William, royalist ; Governor of Virginia, of 
 
 which place he wrote a description ; and dramatic author ; 
 died in 1677. 
 
 Berriman, William, pious and learned divine; born 1688. 
 
 Betterton, Thomas, celebrated tragic actor, much esteemed 
 in private life; born in Tothill Street, Westminster, 1635; 
 died in 1710, and buried in Westminster Abbey.
 
 100 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Birch, Thomas, D.D. divine ; industrious historian and 
 biographer; voluminous author; born a quaker, 1 705 ; 
 died Jan. 9, 1765, from a fall from his horse. 
 
 Bird, Francis, sculptor ; executed Busby's monument in 
 Westminster Abbey, and the Conversion of St. Paul in 
 the pediment of St. Paul's Cathedral, &c.; bom 1667 ; died 
 J 731. 
 
 Birkhead, Henry, Latin poet ; born near St. Paul's, 1617. 
 
 Blackball, Offspring, Bp of Exeter, born 1654; died 1716. 
 
 Blackstone, Sir William, illustrious lawyer; lecturer 
 at Oxford ; Justice of Common Pleas ; author of the 
 Commentaries; born in Cheapside, 1723; died 1780. 
 
 Bolton, Robert, learned Dean of Carlisle, 1697. 
 
 Boulter, Hugh, Archbishop of Armagh ; educated at Mer- 
 chant Taylors' School ; active, charitable, and public- 
 spirited ; born in 1671 ; died 1742. 
 
 Bourgeois, Sir Francis, painter, to whom Mr. Desenfans 
 bequeathed his pictures, and who again bequeathed them, 
 with the bulk of his property, to Dulwich College ; pupil 
 of Loutherbourg ; born in 1756; died 1811, and buried 
 at Dulwich College. 
 
 BowYER, William, "the most learned English printer;" 
 born in Dogwell Court, Whitefriars, 1699 ; died in 1777- 
 
 BovcE, William, Mus. Doc, composer of sacred music, and 
 organist, but so deaf as to be almost insensible to sound ; 
 bom at Joiners' Hall, 1710; died 1779. 
 
 Bromfield, William, surgeon ; founded the Lock Hospital ; 
 bom 1712; died 1792. 
 
 Broughton, Thomas, learned divine and biographer ; born 
 in Holborn, 1704 ; died in 1774. 
 
 Browne, Sir Thomas, physician and antiquary ; author of 
 " Religio Medici ;" born in St. Michael, Cheapside, 1605 ; 
 died 1682.
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 101 
 
 Buckingham, George Grenville Chandos Temple, first Duke, 
 so created by Geo. IV. as a mark of personal friendship' 
 and lie was the only peer elevated to ducal rank daring 
 that reign ; patron of the arts ; born 1776 ; died 1839. 
 
 Bulkley, Charles, dissenting Minister, born 1719 ; died 1797. 
 
 Burton, William, B.C.L. author of a commentary on the 
 Roman Itinerary of Antoninus in Britain; died 1658. 
 
 Byrne, Anne Frances, artist in water colours; chiefly of 
 fruit and flowers ; died 1837. 
 
 William, landscape engraver ; died 1805, aged 62. 
 
 Calamy, Edmund, presbyterian divine ; declared himself a 
 nonconformist on the publication of the Book of Sports ; 
 one of the writers of " Smectymnuus," &c. ; born in 1600; 
 died 1666. 
 
 Cambell, Sir James, Lord Mayor of London in 1629; born 
 in Aldgate Ward. 
 
 Cambridge, Richard Owen, ingenious writer ; author of the 
 " Scribleriad," &c.; born in 1717; died 1802. 
 
 Camden, William, antiquary and historian ; educated at 
 Christ's Hospital and St. Paul's School; Master of West- 
 minster School ; founded a professorship of history at 
 Oxford; called by foreigners "the Pausanias of Eng- 
 land;" born in the Old Bailey, 1551; died 1623, and 
 buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Campion, Edmund, Roman Catholic divine ; employed by 
 Pope Gregory Xllf. to make converts in England ; 
 born 1540 ; hanged and quartered at Tyburn in 1581. 
 
 Carter, John, draughtsman, architect, and antiquary ; bora 
 in 1748 ; died 1817 ; buried in Hampstead church- 
 yard. 
 
 Caryl, Joseph, nonconformist divine; learned commentator 
 on the book of Job ; born in 1602 ; died in 1673. 
 
 Cecil, Richard, divine, and author of sermons and biogra- 
 phies; born in Chiswell Street, 1748 ; died 1810.
 
 102 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Chaloner, Sir Thomas, gallant soldier; able statesman 
 and diplomatist, and learned writer; born about 1515; 
 died 1565. 
 
 Charnock, Stephen, nonconformist divine, scholar and theo- 
 logian ; author of " Discourse on Providence; " born in 
 1628; died 1680. 
 
 Chaucer, Geoffrey, "the father of English poetry;" 
 follower of WicklifFe, for which he fled the country, but 
 returning was imprisoned, and obtained liberty by dis- 
 closing the designs of his party; born 1328; died 1400 
 in London, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Churchill, Charles, divine, poet, and satirist; educated 
 at Westminster School ; became a party writer and reck- 
 less man ; Vine Street, Westminster, 1731; died 1764. 
 
 Cibber, Colley, poet laureate to George II. ; dramatic 
 writer and actor ; autobiographer ; born in Southampton 
 Street, 1671 ; died 1757, aged 87- 
 
 Cibber, Susanna Maria, eminent actress ; wife of Theophi- 
 lus Cibber, sister of Dr. Arne ; born in Covent Garden; 
 died 1766, and was buried in the cloisters of AVest- 
 minster Abbey. 
 
 Cockburn, Catharine, author of the tragedy of "Fatal 
 Friendship," &c. and of some pamphlets in vindication of 
 Locke's "Essay on the Understanding;" born 1679; died 
 1749. 
 
 Cocker, Edward, a name proverbial in the school of arith- 
 metic; very skilful in calligraphy ; born 1631 ; died 1677. 
 
 Colechurch, Peter of, builder of the first London bridge of 
 stone (12th century). 
 
 Colet, John, learned Dean of St. Paul's, and founder of St. 
 Paul's School ; born in St. Antholin's parish, 1466 ; died 
 1519. 
 
 Conybeare, John Josias, ingenious critic and divine; edu-
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 103 
 
 cated at Westminster School, where he became usher ; 
 professor of Ang-lo-Saxon literature and poetry at Ox- 
 ford ; antiquary, chemist, mineralogist, &c. ; died 1824. 
 
 Cooke, George Frederick, actor of great talent, but 
 very intemperate habits ; originally a printer ; West- 
 minster, 1756; died 1812. 
 
 Cooper, Anthony Ashley, Earl of Shaftesbury ; celebrated 
 author of the " Characteristics; " born in Exeter House, 
 1671 ; died at Naples, 1713. 
 
 Samuel, eminent miniature painter; born 1609; 
 
 died 1672. 
 
 Cowley, Abraham, poet and wit ; educated at West- 
 minster School ; loyalist; became a physician ; born 1618; 
 died 1667, and buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Coxe, William, Archdeacon of Wilts, traveller, biographer, 
 and topographer ; Dover Street, Piccadilly, 1747 ; died 
 1828. 
 
 Crashaw, Richard, divine and poet ; became a Catholic ; died 
 16.50. 
 
 Croft, Sir Herbert, Bart, left the law for the church ; 
 lexicographer; author of "Love and Madness;" died 1816. 
 
 Croke, Richard, classical scholar ; Greek professor at Cam- 
 bridge ; died in London in 1558. 
 
 Crowther, Rev. Samuel, amiable divine; born in New Bos- 
 well Court, Carey Street, 1769; died 1829. 
 
 Culpepper, Nicholas, physician, astrologer, and herbalist ; 
 born in 1616; died 1653-4. 
 
 Cumberland, Richard, learned Bishop of Peterborough ; 
 writer on divinity and archaeology ; St. Anne, near Alders- 
 gate, 1632 ; died 1718. 
 
 Davenant, John, Bishop of Salisbury; Watling Street, 1641. 
 
 Davies, John, D.D. divine and learned critic ; Master of 
 Queen's college, Cambridge ; born 1679 ; died 1732. 
 
 Day, John, divine and author; Aldersgate Street, 1566.
 
 104 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Day, Thomas, poetical aud miscellaneous writer, educated 
 at the Charterhouse ; tried to educate two young- girls on 
 a principle of his own, in order to make one his wife, but 
 the plan failed ; eccentric but benevolent man ; author of 
 " Sandford and Merton ; " Wellclose Square, 1748; died 
 from a fall from a young- horse, which his benevolence 
 would not allow to be trained in the usual manner, 1789. 
 
 Dee, Dr. John, mathematician and astrologer; visited by 
 Queen Elizabeth ; born 1527; died 1608. 
 
 De Foe, Daniel, author of " Robinson Crusoe," and a 
 voluminous and very ingenious political and miscellaneous 
 M'riter ; pilloried by order of the Commons for a libel ; 
 born 1663; died 1731. 
 
 Denne, Samuel, antiquary and divine ; historian of Roches- 
 ter, Lambeth, &c. ; born in Westminster deanery, 1730 ; 
 died 1799. 
 
 Dennis, John, poet, political writer, and critic ; one of the 
 heroes of the " Dunciad ; " born 1657 ; died 1733-4. 
 
 Devereux, Robert, third Earl of Essex, husband of the infa- 
 mous Countess ; commanded the parliament army, and 
 gained many great victories over the royalists ; Essex 
 House, Strand, 1592; died 1646, buried in Westminster 
 Abbey, with a public funeral. 
 
 Dobson, William, painter of history and portraits ; patron- 
 ized by Vandyck ; born 1610; died 1646. 
 
 Doddridge, Dr. Philip, eminent dissenting divine and school- 
 master; author of "The Family Expositor ;" born 1702; 
 died at Lisbon, 1751. 
 
 Dollond, John, optician, and inventor of the achromatic 
 telescope; brought up a silk weaver; Spitalfields, 1706; 
 died 1761. 
 
 Donne, John, divine and poet ; educated for the law, but 
 took orders at request of James I. ; became Dean of St.
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 105 
 
 Paul's ; founder of the metaphysical class of poets ; born 
 1573; died 1631, and buried at St. Paul's. 
 
 Duncan, Mark, physician and author ; died 1640. 
 
 Duncombe, William, miscellaneous writer, author of "Bru- 
 tus," a tragedy ; 1690 ; died 1769. 
 
 Dyer, George, barrister, biographer, bibliographer, and 
 elegant poet ; historian of the University of Cambridge ; 
 bom 1/55 ; educated at Christ's Hospital ; died in Clif- 
 ford's Inn, 1841, aged 85. 
 
 Edward V. King of England ; Sanctuary at Westminster. 
 
 Edwards, Edward, A.R.A., painter of historical pictures, 
 &c. ; Castle Street, Leicester Fields, 1738; died 1806. 
 
 Thomas, critic and poetical writer ; born in 1699 ; died 
 
 in 1757, whilst on a visit to" Richardson, at Parson's 
 Green, Fulham. 
 
 Edwin, John, of great reputation as a burlesque comedian ; 
 1749; died 1790. 
 
 Egerton, Daniel, comedian, born 1772; died July 23, 1835, 
 at Chelsea. 
 
 Ellis, George, F.R.S., F.S.A. editor of " Early Metrical 
 Romances," &c. and concerned in the political satire 
 of " The RoUiad ; " educated at Westminster School ; 
 died in 1815, aged 70. 
 
 John, F.RS., naturalist; writer on zoophytes; bom 
 
 about 1710; died 1776. 
 
 John, miscellaneous writer ; St. Clement Danes, 1693. 
 
 Etherege, Sir George, courtier and wit ; writer of playS of 
 great popularity in the time of Charles II.; born about 
 1636 ; died through a fall down stairs in taking leave of 
 a friend he had been entertaining. 
 
 Faithorne, William, very celebrated engraver; died 1691. 
 
 Farnaby, Thomas, learned grammarian ; annotator on Ju- 
 venal, Persius, &c. ; imprisoned for saying, during the
 
 106 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 ascendancy of the Parliament, that one King was better 
 than 500 ; born about 1575; iied 1647. 
 
 Fearne, Charles, lawyer ; educated at Westminster School ; 
 writer on jurisprudence and metaphysical philosophy ; 
 died 1794, aged 45. 
 
 Fell, Samuel, learned and loyal divine ; Dean of Christ 
 Church ; educated at Westminster School ; born in St. 
 Clement Danes, 1594 ; died 1648-9, it is said of a broken 
 heart, occasioned by the execution of Charles I. 
 
 Felton, Henry, divine and author ; St. Martin in the Fields, 
 1679. 
 
 Ferrar, Nicholas, pious enthusiast, and learned and ingeni- 
 ous gentleman ; Mark Lane, 1592. 
 
 Flatman, Thomas, poet and painter ; brought up to the 
 law; Aldersgate Street, 1633; died 1688. 
 
 Fleetwood, William, learned and eloquent prelate ; born in 
 the Tower, 1656; became Rector of St. Austin's, Wat- 
 ling Street, Canon Residentiary of St. Paul's, and succes- 
 sively Bishop of St. Asaph and Ely ; author ; died 
 1723. 
 
 Fleming, Abraham, poet, translator of Virgil, &c. and 
 editor of Holinshed's Chronicle (16th century). 
 
 Fletcher, John, dramatist ; son of Dr. Fletcher, Bishop of 
 Loudon ; " the inseparable partner of Beaumont ;" born 
 1576 ; died of the plague, 1625. 
 
 Florio, John, " the resolute ; " author ; tutor to Prince 
 Henry, son of James L ; died 1625. 
 
 Folkes, Martin, scholar and antiquary ; author on the coin- 
 age ; born in Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 1690 ; 
 died 1754. 
 
 Forbes, James, traveller, author of "Oriental Memoirs," &c. 
 pleasing writer, and accomplished gentleman ; 1/49 ; died 
 at Aix la Chapelle 1819.
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 107 
 
 Fulke, William, divine, and Master of Pembroke Hall, Cam- 
 bridge ; died 1589. 
 
 Gale, John, baptist divine of eminence, and author ; 1680; 
 died 1721. 
 
 Samuel, antiquary; author of "History of Winches- 
 ter Cathedral ; " educated at St. Paul's School ; born in 
 St. Faith's, 1682; died 1754. 
 
 Gataker, Thomas, learned divine and critic ; one of the 
 Assembly of Divines, at AVestminster, and friend of epis- 
 copacy ; St. Edmund the King, Lombard Street, 1574 ; 
 died 1654. 
 
 Gellibrand, Henry, Professor of Astronomy at the Gresham 
 College, and writer on trig-onometry, navigation, &c. ; 
 St. Botolph, Aldersgate, 1597 ; died at his CoUeffe in 
 1636, and buried in the church of St. Peter le Poor, 
 Broad Street. 
 
 George the Third, King of England ; Norfolk House, 
 St. James's, 1738 ; died 1820. 
 
 Gibbon, John, herald at arms, astrologer, and author; 1629; 
 died 1700. 
 
 Gibbons, Griiiling, sculptor, and carver in wood, particu- 
 larly of flowers ; of which specimens may be seen in the 
 choir at St. Paul's Cathedral, on the font in St. James's 
 Church, Westminster, and on the bases of the statues of 
 Charles I. at Charing Cross, and James II. at Whitehall ; 
 born in Spur Alley, in the Strand, of Dutch parents ; 
 died in 1721. 
 
 Gill, Alexander, Head Master of St. Paul's School, and pre- 
 ceptor of Milton; author of Latin poems; born 1597; 
 died 1642. 
 
 Girtin, Thomas, ingenious young landscape painter; 1773; 
 died 1802. 
 
 Glover, Richard, poet ; author of " Leonidas," and other
 
 108 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 poems ; Member of Parliament for Weymouth ; St. Mar- 
 tin's Lane, Cannon Street, 1712; died 1785. 
 
 Goad, John, divine ; eminent as a classical teacher ; Head 
 Master of Merchant Taylors' School for twenty years; 
 convert to Popery ; Bishopsgate Street, 1615 ; died 
 1689. 
 
 Godwin, Mary Wolstonecraft, of singularly eccentric habits 
 and opinions ; author of " Vindication of the Rights of 
 Women," and wife of the author of "Caleb Williams;" 
 1759; died 1797. 
 
 Golding, Arthur, poet, and translator from the Latin (lived 
 in the 16th century). 
 
 Gomersal, Robert, divine and poet; 1600; died 1646. 
 
 GouGH, Richard, learned antiquary and topographer; the 
 Camden of the 18th century ; Winchester Street, Austin 
 Friars, 1735; died at Enfield, 1809. 
 
 Graunt, John, haberdasher ; author of natural and political 
 "Observations on the Bills of Mortality ;" became a con- 
 vert to Popery ; Birchin Lane, 1620; died 1674. 
 
 Gray, Thomas, lyric poet, and writer of Latin verse; 
 Professor of Modern History at Cambridge ; born at 
 No. 41, Cornhill, 1716; died 1771. 
 
 Green, Matthew, poet, author of" The Spleen," &c. ; born 
 1696; died 1737. 
 
 Greene, Maurice, Mus. Doct. musician and composer ; 
 organist of St. Paul's and Chapel Royal ; Professor of 
 Music at Cambridge ; one of the founders of the charit- 
 able fund for the support of decayed musicians ; died 
 1755. 
 
 Gresham, Sir Thomas, merchant; politician and bene- 
 factor ; founder of the Royal Exchange and Gresham 
 College; born 1519; died 1579. 
 
 Grey, Nicholas, learned schoolmaster ; born 1590; died 1660.
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 109 
 
 Griffith, alias Alford, Michael, Jesuit; 1587. 
 
 Grosvenor, Benjamin, pious dissenting divine; born 1675. 
 
 Hacket, John, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry ; educated 
 at Westminster School; Rector of St. Andrew's, Hol- 
 born ; Residentiary of St. Paul's ; expended upwards of 
 20,000 in restoring his Cathedral after the injuries in- 
 flicted during the civil wars ; author of a life of Lord 
 Keeper Williams, and a Latin comedy, entitled " Loyola," 
 acted twice before James 1. ; born at Exeter House, 
 Strand, 1592 ; died 1670. 
 
 Hall, Edward, Serjeant at law and representative in Parlia- 
 ment ; author of the Chronicle which bears his name ; 
 died 1547. 
 
 Henry, learned divine ; born 1716. 
 
 Halley, Edmund. (Vide the Natives of Middlesex.) 
 
 Hamilton, William Gerard, statesman and orator, called 
 "Single-speech Hamilton," from his opening speech being 
 the only one he delivered in the English House of Com- 
 mons ; he was Secretary to the Viceroy of Ireland, and 
 had the celebrated Burke for his secretary ; the Letters of 
 Junius have been attributed to him; born in Lincoln's 
 Inn, 1729; died 1796. 
 
 Hampden, John, representative in Parliament; refused to 
 pay the tax of ship-money, and defended himself against 
 a crown prosecution for eight days, which, though not 
 successful, obtained for him the title of patriot ; one of 
 the five members seized by the King in their places in the 
 Commons ; his talents and integrity have commanded the 
 respect of all parties; born 1594; died of a shot wound 
 in a skirmish against Prince Ruperfs troop 1643. 
 
 Hare, Francis, Bishop of Chichester ; preceptor of the great 
 Duke of Marlborough; Dean of St. Paul's 1726; author; 
 died 1740.
 
 110 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Harley, Robert, Earl of Oxford; commenced his par- 
 liamentary life by acting with the Whigs, but afterwards 
 became a leader of the Tories ; Secretary of State ; Lord 
 High Treasurer; tried for high treason temp. Geo. I. 
 but acquitted ; commenced collecting the MSS. now in 
 the British Museum, which bear his name ; characterised 
 by Pope as 
 
 " A soul supreme, in each hard instance tried, 
 Above all pain, all anger, and all pride, 
 The rage of power, the blast of public breath. 
 The lust of lucre, and the dread of death." 
 
 Born 1661 ; died 1724. 
 Harpsfield, John, Dean of Norwich, Archdeacon of London, 
 
 Rector of St. Martin Ludgate ; a persecutor ; Old Fish 
 
 Street ; died 1578. 
 Nicholas, catholic divine ; Greek Professor; bro- 
 ther of preceding ; Prebendary of St. Paul's ; imprisoned 
 
 in Lambeth Palace ; died 1.583. 
 Harrison, William, historian ; died 1592. 
 Hawkins, Sir John, a solicitor, and magistrate, friend of 
 
 Dr. Johnson, to whom he acted as executor ; author of 
 
 History of Music, Life of Johnson, &c. ; born 1719 ; 
 
 died 1789. 
 Hearne, Samuel, traveller in North America ; died 
 
 1792. 
 Heath, James, loyalist ; historian of theCivil War ; educated 
 
 at Westminster School; born 1629; died 1664. 
 Heberden, Wm. physician, scholar, and author; 1710; died 
 
 1801. 
 Henderson, John, actor ; apprenticed to a silversmith ; his 
 
 representation of Falstaff is said never to have been 
 
 equalled; born 1747 ; died 1785.
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. HI 
 
 Henry, Philip, eminent nonconformist divine ; educated at 
 Westminster School ; Whitehall, 1631; died 1696. 
 
 Herrick, Robert, poet of merit; 1591 ; died 1660. 
 
 Heywood, Eliza, voluminous novel writer; 1693; died 
 1756. 
 
 Ellis, Jesuit; died 1573. 
 
 Jasper, brother, Jesuit, and poet ; 1535 ; died 1597. 
 
 Highmore, Joseph, portrait and historical painter, and au- 
 thor; St. James, Garlick Hithe, 1692; died 1780. 
 
 Anthony, son of the preceding, lawyer and author ; 
 
 born 1758 ; died 1829. 
 
 Hill, Aaron, poet and dramatist ; translator ; Beaufort 
 Buildings, Strand, 1685 ; died 1750, buried in West- 
 minster Abbey. 
 
 HinchlifFe, John, learned Bishop of Peterborough ; Swal- 
 low Street, Piccadilly, 1731 ; died 1794. 
 
 HoADLY, Benjamin, physician and philosopher ; author 
 of the play of "The Suspicious Husband;" Broad Street, 
 1705-6; died 1757- 
 
 Dr. J. son of the above ; divine ; writer for the stage ; 
 
 Broad Street, 1711 ; died 1776. 
 
 Hodges, William, landscape painter, born 1744; died 1797- 
 
 Hogarth, William, painter of domestic life, of great 
 power, truth, and originality ; apprenticed to an engrav- 
 ing silversmith ; engraved designs for books ; clandes- 
 tinely married a daughter of Sir James Thornhill ; and 
 then appeared the " Harlot's Progress," which recon- 
 ciled Sir James to the match ; appointed Serjeant painter 
 to the king ; born at St. Martin, Ludgate, 1697 ; died 
 1764. 
 
 Holcroft, Thomas, dramatist, novelist, and miscellaneous 
 writer ; brought up a shoemaker ; charged with Hardy, 
 Home Tooke, Thelwall, &c. in 1794, with treason, but
 
 112 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 not brought to trial; author of "the Road to Ruin;" 
 Orange Court, Leicester Fields, 1744 ; died 1809. 
 
 HoLLis, Thomas, antiquary and virtuoso ; politician ; 
 writer of republican principles ; benefactor to literature; 
 born 1720; died 1774. 
 
 HoUoway, Thomas, engraver of the Cartoons of Raphael ; 
 born in Broad Street, 1748; died 1827. 
 
 Holman, Joseph George, comic writer and performer ; died 
 in America, of the yellow fever, in 181 7 on the same day 
 with his second wife, and only two days after their mar- 
 riage. 
 
 Hoole, John, dramatic poet, and translator of Tasso's "Je- 
 rusalem delivered ; " author of " Orlando Furioso ; " 
 Moorfields, 1727 ; died 1803. 
 
 HoRSLEY, Samuel, Bishop of St. Asaph ; born in the 
 Churchyard of St. Martin's in the Fields, 1733 ; educated 
 at Westminster School ; Secretary to the Royal Society, 
 and author on Mathematics ; Prebendary of St, Paul's ; 
 opponent of Priestley and the Unitarians ; Bp. of St. Da- 
 vid's, in 1788; Bp. of Rochester, 1793; and St. Asaph, 
 1802; died 1806. 
 
 Horton, Thomas, learned and pious divine; died 1673. 
 
 How, William, botanist ; educated at Merchant Tailor's 
 School; author of the first "Flora;" born 1619; died 
 1656. 
 
 Howson, John, Bishop of Durham ; born in St. Bride's, 
 1556; died 1632. 
 
 Hull, Thomas, actor ; educated at the Charter House, and 
 subsequently for the medical profession ; author of 
 " Richard Plantagenet," and other dramas, &c. ; Strand, 
 1728 ; died 1808. 
 
 Ingulphus, Abbot of Croyland, in Lincolnshire, the church of 
 which he rebuilt ; educated at Westminster School ; became
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 113 
 
 prime favourite of William I. ; wrote a life of St. Guthlac, 
 and a history of his abbey ; born 1030 ; died 1109. 
 
 Isaacson, Henry, author of a Chronology ; born in St. Ca- 
 therine Cree, 1581 ; died in 1654. 
 
 Jackson, Joseph, letter founder ; born in Old Street, 1733 ; 
 died 1792. 
 
 Jane, of the Tower, eldest daughter of Edward II. and wife 
 to King David Bruce. 
 
 Jebb, John, divine, but gave up his clerical and academical 
 appointments on conscientious grounds ; studied medicine, 
 and became M.D. and a frequent speaker in popular 
 assemblies in London, during the American war ; born 
 in 1736 ; died 1786. 
 
 Jenyns, Soame, elegant and ingenious writer, wit, and com- 
 panion ; Member of Parliament ; Great Ormond Street, 
 170.3-4; died 1787. 
 
 Jones, Inigo, architect ; sent by Earl of Arundel to study 
 in Italy, and studied the works of Palladio ; introduced 
 to James I. by Christian IV. of Denmark, when on a 
 visit to England in 1606; revived classic architecture; 
 designed the Banquetting House, Whitehall, &c. ; in re- 
 pairing Winchester Cathedral and other edifices in the 
 pointed style, he did not at all succeed ; Roman Catholic 
 loyalist and sufferer ; born (near St. Paul's) 1572 ; died 
 1652. 
 
 John, benedictine monk, 1575. 
 
 Sir William, accomplished scholar and linguist; 
 
 barrister; Judge of the Supreme Court, Bengal; founded 
 at Calcutta a Society similar to the Royal Society of Lon- 
 don ; friend of the native Indians ; author of many works, 
 original and translated ; his knowledge of the Eastern 
 languages has scarcely ever been surpassed ; born 1746 ; 
 
 P
 
 114 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 died 1794; monument in St. Paul's Cathedral, erected by 
 the East India Company. 
 
 JoNSON, Ben, dramatist, cotemporary with Shakspere ; 
 born in Hartshorn Lane, Charing Cross, 1574 ; educated 
 at Westminster School ; employed by his father-in-law as 
 a bricklayer ; enlisted as a private soldier ; became actor 
 at the Curtain Theatre ; killed a brother actor in a duel, 
 and suffered a long imprisonment ; became an author, and 
 for a satire on the Scottish nation was condemned to lose 
 his ears in the pillory, but saved them by submission ; 
 wrote many plays and masques ; and was made laureate ; 
 died 1637, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, in a 
 perpendicular position. The spot is indicated by a small 
 square stone, inscribed " O Rare Ben Jonson." 
 
 Jortin, Dr. John, learned and amiable divine; born in St. 
 Giles's, 1698; educated at the Charter House; Vicar of 
 Kensington, Rector of St. Dunstan in the East, and Pre- 
 bendary of St. Paul's; voluminous author; died at Ken- 
 sington, 1770. 
 
 Keats, John, " a young poet of extraordinary promise, and 
 almost as extraordinary performance ; " born in Moor- 
 fields, 1796; died 1820. 
 
 Keble, Joseph, lawyer; for nearly half a century made re- 
 ports of the causes in the King's Bench, and of 4000 ser- 
 mons delivered at Gray's Inn Chapel; born 1632; died 1710. 
 
 Kent, Edward Duke of, 4th son of George III.; soldier; 
 father of Her present Majesty ; born 1767 ; died 1820. 
 
 Killigrew, Anne, beautiful and virtuous Maid of Honor to 
 the queen of James II.; poet and painter; celebrated by 
 Dryden, and characterised by Wood, as " a Grace for 
 beauty, and a Muse for wit; " born 1660 ; died a victim 
 to the small pox, in 1685, and lies buried in the Savoy 
 Chapel.
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 115 
 
 Ring', Thomas, theatrical performer and dramatic writer ; 
 born 17:^0 ; died 1805. 
 
 . William, Judge of tlie Admiralty in Ireland ; learned 
 
 and witty author ; educated at Westminster School ; born 
 1663; died 1712, of disease brought on by intemper- 
 ance. 
 
 Dr. William, Principal of St. Mary Hall, Oxford; in- 
 genious and humorous writer ; born 1685; died 1763. 
 
 Kitchiner, William, physician ; " another Crichton ; " born 
 1777; died 1827. 
 
 Klose, F. J. musical composer and performer ; died 
 1830. 
 
 Knight, Samuel, divine ; biographer of Dean Colet and 
 Erasmus ; antiquary ; educated at St. Paul's School ; 
 born 1674; died 1746. 
 
 Langliorne, Nathaniel, divine, historian, and antiquary ; 
 died 1681. 
 
 Lawrence, Thomas, physician ; born in St. Margaret's, 
 Westminster, 1711 ; died 1783. 
 
 Lee, Samuel, nonconformist divine and learned antiquary ; 
 died 1691. 
 
 Leighton, Robert, pious and much beloved Archbishop of 
 Glasgow; born 1613; died 1684. 
 
 Lcland, John, divine ; antiquary, to whom Henry VHL 
 gave the title of " Royal Antiquary," with power to visit 
 monastic libraries, &c. ; educated at St. Paul's School ; 
 born in the time of Henry VII. ; died 1552, insane, from 
 immense study. 
 Lemon, Robert, Keeper of the State Papers; intelligent and 
 industrious ; died July 29, 1835, at the new State Paper 
 Office, St. James's Park. 
 Levi, David, mechanic and Jew ; author of a Hebrew Lexi- 
 con, &c. ; born 1740 ; died 1799.
 
 116 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Lewis, Matthew Gregory, " Monk Lewis ; " Member of 
 Parliament ; author of romances and dramas, distin- 
 guished for the licentious, the marvellous, and the ter- 
 rific ; educated at Westminster School ; born 1773; died 
 1818. 
 
 Lillo, George, tragic poet ; by trade a jeweller ; author of 
 "George Barnwell," &c.; born in Moorgate, 1693; died 
 1739. 
 
 Lisle, Sir George, gallant but unfortunate royalist officer ; 
 knighted at Naseby, and shot by the Parliamentarians, 
 J 648, after being compelled to surrender Colchester Castle. 
 
 Lloyd, Robert, ingenious poet ; friend of Churchill ; born 
 in Westminster, 1733; died a prisoner for debt, in the 
 Fleet, in 1764. 
 
 Lowman, Moses, learned dissenting divine and author on 
 Biblical literature and criticism ; born 1680; died 1752. 
 
 Lowth, William, learned divine, father of Bishop Lowth ; 
 educated at Merchant Tailors' School ; born, St. Mar- 
 tin's, Ludgate, 1661 ; died 1732. 
 
 Maddox, Isaac, active and learned prelate ; originally placed 
 with a pastrycook, who dismissed him for his love of 
 books ; became Vicar of St. Vedast, Foster Lane, Bishop 
 of St. Asaph, and then of Worcester ; author of a defence 
 of the Church of England ; born 1697; died 1759. 
 
 Maittaire, Michael, learned critic and bibliographer ; author 
 of " Annales Typographic! ; " educated at Westminster 
 School, of which he became second Master ; born 1668 ; 
 died 1747. 
 
 Maplet, John, physician and scholar; born in St. Martin's 
 le Grand, 1615. 
 
 Marsham, Sir John, learned wr'ter on history and chrono- 
 logy ; son of Alderman Marsham ; suffering loyalist ; 
 M.P. for Rochester; created a baronet by Charles II.;
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 117 
 
 educated at Westminster School ; born in St. Bartholo- 
 mew's, 1602 ; died 1685. 
 
 Martyn, John, Professor of Botany at Cambridge, and au- 
 thor of scientific and critical books ; born in Queen 
 Street, 1699; died at Chelsea, in 1768. 
 
 Mary II. Queen of England, wife of William III. and 
 daughter of James II.; strongly attached to the Protest- 
 ant religion and the Church of England ; born in St. 
 James's Palace, 1662 ; died of the small pox at Kensing- 
 ton, in 1695. 
 
 Maskelyne, Dr. Nevil, mathematician and astronomer royal ; 
 educated at Westminster School; born 1733; died 1811. 
 
 Masters, Robert, divine, antiquary, and topographer ; au- 
 thor of histories of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, of 
 the parish of Waterbeach, Cambridgeshire, &c. ; born 
 1713; died 1798. 
 
 Matthews, Charles, comedian, monodramatist ; educated at 
 Merchant Tailors' School ; born No. 18, in the Strand, 
 1776 ; died June 28, 1835. 
 
 Mendez. Moses, poet, of Jewish parentage ; author of the 
 " Chaplet," and other popular musical entertainments ; 
 died very rich, in 1759. 
 
 Merry, Robert, poet of the Delia Cruscan School ; satirised 
 by Gilford in the "Baviad;" author of "Lorenzo," a 
 tragedy ; born in 1755 ; died in 1798. 
 
 Mill, Henry, engineer to the New River Company ; distin- 
 guished for his knowledge of hydraulics; born in Red Lion 
 Square, Holborn, 1680; died 1770. 
 
 Miller, Joseph, witty actor, whose jests have been published 
 under his name; born 1684; died 1738, and buried in 
 the churchyard of St. Clement's, Portugal Street, with an 
 epitaph by Stephen Duck, the poet. 
 
 Milton, John, one of the most illustrious of poets ; author
 
 118 LONDON AND AVE8TMIN8TER. 
 
 of " Paradise Lost," &c. educated at St. Paul's School ; 
 opened an academy in Aldersgate Street ; became a poli- 
 tical partisan, and wrote many powerful works ; de- 
 fended the execution of Charles ; was appointed Latin 
 Secretary to the Council of State ; became blind through 
 study; born in Bread Street, 1608; died in Artillery 
 Walk, I674, and was buried in Cripplegate church, where 
 a monument, by Bacon, was subsequently erected by the 
 elder Samuel Whitbread. 
 
 Mitan, James, historical engraver ; born 1776 ; died 1822. 
 
 Mitford, William, historian of Greece, born 1743-4; died 
 1827. 
 
 Monro, Alexander, physician and anatomist; born 1697; 
 died 1767. 
 
 More, Sir Thomas, Lord Chancellor; educated in Thread- 
 needle Street ; author of " Utopia," a political romance ; 
 disinterested and upright man, but a bitter opponent of 
 the Reformation ; refused to take the oath of Supremacy, 
 and was beheaded at Tower Hill in 153-5; born in Milk 
 Street, 1480. 
 
 MoRLAND, George, painter of rustic scenery and low life, 
 with which latter he became familiarly acquainted by his 
 habits of intemperance; many of his pictures were painted 
 while in confinement for debt, or in the midst of embar- 
 rassments occasioned by liis imprudence ; born in ] 764 ; 
 died 1804 in prison, a victim to intemperance. 
 
 Mortimer, Thomas, voluminous writer; author of a Dic- 
 tionary of Commerce; born 1730; died 1809. 
 
 Muffett, or Moufet, Thomas, physician, naturalist, and au- 
 thor; born in the 16th century; and died towards the 
 close of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 Munday, Anthony, continuator of Stowe, and ballad poet; 
 born 1553; died 1633.
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 119 
 
 Munden, Joseph Sheppard, comedian ; Brook's Market, 
 Holborn, 1758; died 1832. 
 
 Neal, Daniel, dissenting divine, and historian of the Puri- 
 tans; educated at Merchant Tailors' School; minister of 
 a congregation in Aldersgate Street ; born 1678 ; died 
 1743, at Bath. 
 
 Needliain, John Tuberville, Roman Catholic divine ; pro- 
 fessor of natural philosophy in the English College at 
 Lisbon ; author on microscopical discoveries, and on the 
 Chinese Empire ; born 1713; died 1781, at Brussels. 
 
 Neele, Henry, poet, lawyer, and lecturer on poetry ; born 
 in the Strand, 1798 ; died by his own hand in 1828. 
 
 Nelson, Robert, distinguished by the epithet of "the pious," 
 for his devotional writings, and his works of benevolence 
 and charity; educated at St. Paul's School ; born 1656; 
 died at Kensington, 1715. 
 
 Newton, John, Rector of St. Mary Woolnoth, and author 
 of discourses on the passages forming Handel's Oratorio 
 of the Messiah; originally a dissipated slave trafficker; 
 then a dissenting preacher, and subsequently entered the 
 church ; became the intimate friend of the poet Cowper, 
 with whom he jointly published a volume of hymns; born 
 1725 ; died 1807. 
 
 Nichols, Frank, physician and anatomist ; educated at 
 Westminster School; elected Gulstonian Reader by the 
 College of Physicians ; author; born 1699; died 1779, at 
 Epsom. 
 
 Richard, poet of elegance and imagination ; 1584. 
 
 Nicholson, William, writer on mathematics, chemistry, 
 and natural philosophy; born 1758; died 1815, in po- 
 verty. 
 
 Nollekens, Joseph, R.A., sculptor; eccentric and avarici-
 
 120 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 ous; born in Dean Street, Soho, 1737 ; died in Mortimer 
 Street, 1823, having- amassed a fortune of 200,000. 
 
 North, George, divine, antiquary, and numismatist ; edu- 
 cated at St. Paul's School; born 1710 ; died 1772. 
 
 Dr. John, divine ; Greek professor at Cambridge, 
 
 and Master of Trinity College; third son of Dudley Lord 
 North; born 1645; died 1683. 
 
 Oglethorpe, General James Edward, soldier; founded the 
 colony of Georgia ; eulogised by Pope, Thomson, and 
 Johnson; born 1698; died 1785. 
 
 Oldfield, Anne, comic actress and accomplished woman; 
 born at Westminster, 1683 ; died 1730, and buried in 
 "Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Palmer, John, actor ; erected a theatre at Goodman's 
 Fields; born about 1742 ; died 1798, on the stage at Li- 
 verpool, while performing in the "Stranger,"' and having 
 just exclaimed, in the words of the drama, " There is 
 another and a better world ! " 
 
 Palsgrave, John, divine ; grammarian ; compiled the first 
 French grammar, and taught the sister of Henry VIII. 
 the language on her marriage with Louis XII.; Prebendary 
 of St. Paul's, and Rector of St. Dunstan in the East ; 
 died in 1554. 
 
 Paterson, Samuel, bookseller, auctioneer, and writer on bib- 
 liography and miscellaneous literature ; born in St. Paul 
 Covent Garden, 1728; died 1802. 
 
 Pearce, Zachary, Bishop of Rochester, distinguished for 
 learning, munificence, and piety ; educated at Westmin- 
 ster School ; became Vicar of St. Martin in the Fields, 
 and Dean of Westminster, which he resigned ; author of 
 a Commentary on the Gospels, &c. ; born in Holborn, 
 1690; died 1774.
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 121 
 
 Peirce, James, dissenting minister and voluminous writer in 
 defence of presby terianism ; born at Wapping, 1673 ; died 
 1726. 
 
 Pemberton, Henry, learned physician, mathematician, and 
 mechanist; professor of physic at Gresham College; at 
 the request of the College of Physicians revised their 
 Pharmacopeia ; author of numerous scientific books ; 
 born 1694; died 1771. 
 
 Penn, William, founder of Pennsylvania ; son of Admi- 
 ral Sir William Penn; became Quaker, and was committed 
 to the Tower for preaching against the established 
 Church ; became heir to his father, and obtained from 
 the crown a grant of land in North America, to which he 
 sailed in 1681, with a band of persecuted Quakers, and 
 having established a code of laws, returned to England ; 
 born near the Tower, 1644 ; died 1718, at Ruscomb, in 
 Berkshire. 
 
 Pengelly, Sir Thomas, learned judge; born in Moorfields, 
 1675. 
 
 Philips, Catherine, accomplished poetess and translator, on 
 whose death Cowley wrote an ode; born 1631 ; died of the 
 small pox, 1664. 
 
 Phillips, Edward, author of the " Theatrum Poetarum ; " 
 nephew of the poet Milton, by whom he was educated, 
 and whose life he wrote ; born 1630. 
 
 Sir Richard, schoolmaster and hosier at Leicester, 
 
 where he established and edited the " Leicester Herald " 
 Newspaper, and opened a bookseller's shop ; he was im- 
 prisoned for selling Paine's "Rights of Man," in 1793; 
 lost his stock in trade by fire, and then went to London, 
 where he established in 1796, the "Monthly Magazine," 
 and became an extensive publisher ; High Sheriff of Lon- 
 don in 1807, and knighted on going up with an address ;
 
 122 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 author of some political works and useful school hooks ; 
 born in London; died at Brighton, 1840, aged 72. 
 
 Phrseas, or Freas, John, divine, lecturer in medicine and 
 the helles lettres ; appointed, in 1465, by Pope Paul II. 
 to the Bishopric of Bath, but poisoned by a rival candi- 
 date previous to consecration ; translator of Xenophon, 
 &c. 
 
 Playford, John, writer on musical subjects, and much im- 
 proved the art of printing music ; born in 1613 ; died 
 1693. 
 
 Pope, Alexander, poet, distinguished for correctness of 
 versification, splendour of diction, and invention ; Roman 
 Catholic; vain and irascible; born in Lombard Street, 
 1688; died 1744. 
 
 Pott, Percival, surgeon, lecturer, and author ; inventor of 
 many new instruments ; scientific operator ; born in 
 Threadneedle Street, 1713; died 1788. 
 
 Price, John, learned critic ; educated at Westminster School ; 
 born 1600; died 1676. 
 
 Pridden, John, divine and antiquary ; educated at St. Paul's 
 School, Minor Canon of St. Paul's and Westminster ; 
 priest of the Chapel Royal, and Rector of St. George, 
 Botolph Lane; compiled an Index to the Rolls of Par- 
 liament ; born 1758 ; died 1825. 
 
 Prior, Matthew, poet, politician, and diplomatist; edu- 
 cated at VYestminster School; born 1664; died 1721. 
 
 Pye, Henry James, poet laureat, and police magistrate; 
 born 1745; died 1813. 
 
 Quick, John, comedian ; born in Whitechapel, 1748 ; died 
 1831. 
 
 Quin, James, actor ; eminent in tragedy and comedy ; 
 generous friend to the poet Thomson, whom he delivered 
 from arrest by a spontaneous present of 100, though
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 123 
 
 then unknown to him ; born in King Street, Covent Gar- 
 den, 1693; died in Bath, 1766. 
 
 Radcliffe, Anne, novelist and traveller ; author of the 
 *' Mysteries of Udolpho," and other romances ; born 
 1764; died 1823. 
 
 Rastall, John, printer, historian, polemist, and compiler of 
 law books ; married a sister of Sir Thomas More ; con- 
 vert from Popery to Lutheranism ; died in 1536. 
 
 Rawlinson, Sir Thomas, Lord Mayor of London ; father of 
 Thomas, the book collector, and Dr. Richard, the founder 
 of an Anglo-Saxon professorship at Oxford ; born in St. 
 Dionis Backchurch, 1647; died 1705. 
 
 Reed, Isaac, conveyancer ; critic, intimate with early En- 
 glish literature ; editor of Shakspere ; book collector ; 
 born in Stewart Street, Old Artillery Ground, 1742; 
 died 1S07. 
 
 Reeve, John, comedian and mimic; Ludgate Hill, 1799; 
 died 1838. 
 
 Ricardo, David, writer on finance and statistics ; of a Jewish 
 family ; married a quakeress, and became an unitarian ; 
 Member of Parliament for Portarlington ; born 1772; 
 died 1823. 
 
 Ridgley, Thomas, dissenting divine; born 1667. 
 
 Riley, John, painter to the king, whose works afford, says 
 Lord Orford, draperies and heads which would have done 
 honor to Lely or Kneller, but whose reputation was im- 
 peded by his modesty; born 1646; died 1691. 
 
 Roberts, Barre Charles, ingenious writer and medallist; 
 born in St. Stephen's Court, Westminster, 1789 ; died 
 1810. 
 
 Rogers, Charles, antiquary and virtuoso ; born in Dean 
 Street, Soho, 1711 ; died 1784. 
 
 Rousseau, Samuel, printer, linguist, author of several works 
 on the Persian language and literature ; died in 1820..
 
 124 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Rowlandson, Thomas, graphic humorist ; born in Old 
 Jewry, 1756; died 1827. 
 
 Rowley, William, physician ; opponent of vaccination ; au- 
 thor on diseases of the eye, &c. ; born 1743 ; died 1806. 
 
 Ryan, Lacy, actor ; from observation of whom Garrick is 
 said to have derived his excellence in Richard III.; au- 
 thor of " the Cobbler's Opera ; " born in Westminster 
 about 1694 ; died 1760. 
 
 Ryland, William Wynne, engraver, who introduced stip- 
 pling', and whose principal pieces were after Angelica 
 Kauffman; born 1732; executed 1783, for a forgery on 
 the East India Company. 
 
 Sale, John, musical composer and singer ; born 1758 ; died 
 1828. 
 
 Seward, William, biographer and anecdotist ; educated at 
 the Charter House ; born 1747 ; died 1799. 
 
 Schnebbelie, Jacob, architectural draughtsman ; born in 
 Westminster, 1760 ; died 1792. 
 
 Sharp, William, engraver of great merit ; successively 
 adopted the visionary ideas of Mesmer, Swedenborg, Bro- 
 thers, and Southcote ; and changed from the principles 
 of Home Tooke to Toryism ; born in Haydon Yard, 
 Minories, 1740; died at Chiswick, 1824. 
 
 Sherley, Thomas, physician to Charles II. ; author of a 
 curious essay " on the probable causes whence stones are 
 produced in the earth, &c. ; " born in Westminster ; 
 died 1678. 
 
 Sherlock, Thomas, Bishop of London ; Master of the Tem- 
 ple ; defended the Corporation and Test Acts against 
 Bishop Hoadly, whom he succeeded in the Bishoprics of 
 Bangor and Salisbury ; refused the primacy ; his sermons 
 were very eloquent; born 1678; died at Fulham, 1761. 
 
 Shirley, James, divine ; convert to Popery ; dramatic writer 
 and poet of deserved reputation ; educated at Merchant
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 125 
 
 Tailors' School; born in St. Mary Woolchurch, 1594; 
 died in 1666, from fright, occasioned by the fire of Lon- 
 don. His wife also died from the same cause within 24 
 hours. 
 
 Skinner, Stephen, physician and philologist; died 1667. 
 
 Smith, John Raphael, designer and mezzotinto engraver ; 
 drew portraits in crayons with great felicity ; born 
 about 1740. 
 
 Dr. Thomas, divine, orientalist ; lost his livings for 
 
 refusing to take the oaths to King William ; author of 
 many learned works ; born in Allhallows, Barking, 16.38; 
 died 1710, in London. 
 
 Sir William Sidney, Admiral of the Red ; success- 
 
 fully defended Acre against Buonaparte ; Park Lane, 
 Westminster; died at Paris 1840, aged 76. 
 
 William (" gentleman " Smith), performer in tragedy 
 
 and comedy, in the latter of which he was almost without a 
 rival; born about 1730; died 1819, at Bury St. Edmund's. 
 
 Spencer, Sir Richard, K.C.H. Governor of Western Aus- 
 tralia, and a Captain in the Royal Navy, in which service 
 he gallantly distinguished himself; inventor of a life boat; 
 born 1779 ; died 1839. 
 
 Spenser, Edmund, poet of imagination, feeling, descrip- 
 tion, and versification ; Secretary to Lord Grey de Wil- 
 ton, when Lord Lieutenant of Ireland ; patronised by 
 Sir Philip Sydney and Sir Walter Raleigh ; driven from 
 Ireland by the cruelties of Tyrone, who burnt his house 
 with one of his children in it ; born near the Tower, 
 about 1553; died in 1598-9, and buried in Westminster 
 Abbey. 
 
 Spiller, John, sculptor of great promise, pupil of Bacon ; 
 executed statue of Charles II. for the Royal Exchange ; 
 born 1763; died 1794, of pulmonary disease, and his
 
 126 LONDON AND WESTRIINSTJER. 
 
 beautiful wife died of the same disease a few months after- 
 wards. 
 
 Stauhope, Philip Dormer, 4th Earl of Chesterfield ; states- 
 man, diplomatist, wit, and man of letters ; distinguished 
 for the elegance of his manners ; his celebrated letters to 
 his son were not written with a view to publication ; born 
 1694; died 1773. 
 
 Stanley, John, blind musician of great talent ; organist at 
 Temple Church, and conductor of Handel's Oratorios 
 after the death of the composer ; born 1713 ; died 1786. 
 
 Stepney, George, poet, political writer, and diplomatist ; 
 born in Westminster in 1663 ; died at Chelsea, 1707. 
 
 Stevens, George Alexander, strolling player ; writer of 
 songs, poems, and inventor of a popular droll amusement, 
 called a " Lecture on Heads;" died 1784. 
 
 Stewart, John, commonly called " \yalking Stewart," from 
 having perambulated on foot nearly half the globe, during 
 which he encountered many singular and dangerous ad- 
 ventures ; walked from the East Indies across the desert 
 of Arabia to Europe ; born in Bond Street ; died in 
 Northumberland Street, 1822. 
 
 Storace, Stephano, composer of dramatic music, remarkable 
 for fire and spirit; born 1763; died in 1796. 
 
 Storer, Thomas, poet ; died 1604. 
 
 Stowe, John, tailor, antiquary, chronicler, and historian of 
 great industry, integrity, and much talent, who, when 78 
 years of age, was rewarded by receiving a license from 
 James I. " to repair to churches or other places, to receive 
 the gratuitous and charitable benevolence of well disposed 
 people!" born in St. Michael's, Cornliill, 1525; died 
 1605, afflicted by poverty and disease ; monument in the 
 church of St. Andrew Undershaft. 
 
 Strange, Sir John, able lawyer; died 1705.
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 127 
 
 Stuart, James, antiquary, architectural drauglitsman, called 
 "Athenian Stuart,"' from the publication of his "Anti- 
 quities of Athens ; " horn 1713; died 1788, of grief for 
 the death of a child. 
 
 James Edward Francis, " the Pretender," eldest son 
 
 of James 11. landed in Scotland from France to claim the 
 throne ; but was soon obliged to return to France ; born 
 St. James's Palace, 1688 ; died 1766. 
 
 Sturt, John, writing engraver, celebrated for letters on a 
 minute scale ; born 1658; died 1730. 
 
 Suett, Richard, inimitable actor in ludicrous comedv and 
 broad farce ; chorister at St. Paul's Cathedral ; died 1805, 
 aged 47, buried in St. Paul's Cathedral. 
 
 Sykes, Arthur Ashley, divine ; educated at St. Paul's 
 School, and became one of its assistants; Preacher at 
 King Street Chapel, Golden Square, and St. James's 
 Church ; controversialist in favour of AVhig principles, 
 &c.; born about 1684 ; died 1756. 
 
 Taylor, Jane, amiable and accomplished poetess and 
 essayist; born 1783 ; died 1823, of a pulmonary disease. 
 
 Thomas, "The Platonist;" translator of Pausa- 
 
 nias, and voluminous author; born 1758 ; died 1836. 
 
 Temple, Sir William, patriotic statesman and diplomatist, 
 and popular writer ; born in 1628; died at Moor Park, 
 Surrey, in 1700. 
 
 Thicknesse, Anne, wife of Governor Thicknesse ; beautiful, 
 accompli.shed, and exemplary authoress ; imprisoned in 
 France, and escaped the guillotine through the death of 
 Robespierre, who had sent an order for her execution ; 
 born near the Temple, 1737; died in the Edgware Road, 
 1824. 
 
 Thornton, Bonnell, miscellaneous and humorous writer;
 
 128 LONDON AND WESTBIINSTER. 
 
 educated at Westminster School; born in Maiden Lane in 
 1724; died in 1770. 
 
 Tooke, Andrew, Head Master of the Charter House School, 
 where he had been educated ; Gresham professor of Geo- 
 metr)"^ ; author of school books ; born in 1673 ; died in 
 1731. 
 
 John Home, divine, of literary and political cele- 
 brity; educated at Westminster School ; defended Wilkes 
 and advised Mr. Beckford to make his celebrated reply to 
 his Majesty ; began the publication of the Debates in 
 Parliament, and defeated the House of Commons on the 
 question ; replied to Junius, and esteemed to be the vic- 
 tor ; resigned his gown and studied for the bar ; acquired 
 the name and fortune of Mr. Tooke of Purley, by de- 
 feating an Enclosure Bill ; imprisoned for sedition ; au- 
 thor of ' the Diversions of Purley," a work of high rank 
 in philology ; tried for high treason, but acquitted ; be- 
 came the nominee of Lord Camelford for Old Sarum ; 
 born in Newport Street, 1736, where his father was a 
 poulterer; died at Wimbledon, 1812. 
 
 Toulmin, Joshua, bookseller, and baptist and unitarian 
 preacher and author; born about 1742 ; died 1815. 
 
 Townley, James, divine, and author of the farce of " High 
 Life below Stairs ; " died 1778. 
 
 Trusler, John, divine ; bookseller and compiler ; born in 
 1735 ; died 1820. 
 
 Tucker, Abraham, metaphysician ; author of" the Light of 
 Nature pursued; " born 1705; died 1774. 
 
 Twining, Thomas, learned divine ; born 1734. \ 
 
 Tye, Christopher, musician; born in Westminster 16th cen- 
 tury. 
 
 Tyrrell, James, historian ; political writer ; born in Great 
 Queen Street, Westminster, 1642 ; died 1718.
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 129 
 
 Vrnon, Edward, gallant Admiral, but struck off the list 
 for his opposition to the then ministry ; born in West- 
 minster, 1684; died 1757- 
 
 Verstegan, Richard, ingenious historical and antiquarian 
 writer ; born in the precinct of St. Katharine by the 
 Tower ; died at Antwerp in 1635. 
 
 Vertue, George, eminent engraver, whose works are very 
 numerous; born in St. Martin's in the Fields, 1684; died 
 1756. 
 
 Viccars, John, zealous puritan, distinguished for intemper- 
 ance and fanaticism ; satirised in Hudibras ; educated at 
 Christ's Hospital, where he became one of the Under 
 Masters; born about 1582; died 1652. 
 
 V'illiers, George, 2<i Duke of Buckingham ; soldier, states- 
 man, wit, and poet ; distinguished for levity, imprudence, 
 and profligacy; born at VVallingford House, Westminster, 
 1627 ; died 1688. 
 
 Vincent, Thomas, nonconformist divine ; tutor in a dis- 
 senting academy at Islington ; zealous during the great 
 plague, on which he published a tract ; died 1678. 
 
 William, critic and divine ; pupil, usher, and Head 
 
 Master at Westminster School; Rector of Allhallows, 
 Thames Street; Dean of Westminster; born 1739; died 
 1815. 
 
 Uvedale, Robert, learned botanist and schoolmaster; edu- 
 cated at Westminster School ; born in St. Margaret's, 
 Westminster, 1642; died 1722. 
 
 Walker, Thomas, dramatic performer ; the original repre- 
 sentative of Macheath ; born 1698; died in 1743, in 
 great distress, produced by intemperance. 
 
 Ward, John, philologist, classical scholar, and antiquary ; 
 
 y
 
 130 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 lecturer on law ; author of " Lives of Gresham Profes- 
 sors ; " born 1679 ; died at Gresham College, l?^. 
 
 Warren, Dr. Richard, physician to George III. ; writer on 
 Bronchial Polypus, &c. ; born 1732; died in 1797. 
 
 AVarner, John, learned and munificent Bishop of Rochester ; 
 born in St. Clement Danes, about 1585; died 1666. 
 
 Warwick, Sir Philip, historical and miscellaneous writer ; 
 M.P. for Westminster; born in St. Margaret's, West- 
 minster, 1608 ; died 1682. 
 
 Watson, Sir William, physician and natural philosopher; 
 educated at Merchant-Taylors' School ; made some electri- 
 cal discoveries; born 1715 ; died 1787. 
 
 Webber, John, artist of considerable talent ; born 1751. 
 
 Wewitzer, Ralph, comedian, author of a jest book, and in- 
 ventor of some pantomimes; born 1748; died 1824, in 
 indigent circumstances. 
 
 Wheatley, Charles, divine ; lecturer at St. Mildred's in the 
 Poultry; author of sermons, &c. ; born in Paternoster 
 Row, 1686; died in 1742. 
 
 Francis, R.A. painter of rural and domestic subjects ; 
 
 born 1747; died 1801. 
 
 Whitbread, Samuel, active and able Member of Parliament ; 
 conducted the impeachment of Lord Melville ; born 1758 ; 
 died by his own hand, 1815. 
 
 White, Robert, engraver; born in 164.5. 
 
 Whitehead, Paul, poet and satirist; born in Castle Yard, 
 Holborn, 1709-10; died 1774. 
 
 Whitelocke, Bulstrode, Justice of the King's Bench, states- 
 man and historian ; Member of Parliament and parliament- 
 arian soldier and Commissioner ; declined a peerage from 
 Cromwell ; born 1605 ; died 1676. 
 
 Sir James, learned and eloquent Judge of the King's
 
 EMINENT NATIVES. 131 
 
 Bench ; father of the preceding- ; Member of Parliament ; 
 educated at Merchant Taylors' School; born about 1570; 
 died 1632. 
 
 Wilcocks, Joseph, ingenious writer, benevolent philanthro- 
 pist, and traveller ; called by Pope Clement XIII. " the 
 blessed heretic ; " born in Dean's Yard, Westminster, 
 1723; died 1791. 
 
 Wilkes, John, politician ; author of the " North Briton," 
 for No. 45 of which he was prosecuted, but obtained a 
 victory over the government ; printed an obscene poem 
 called an "Essay on Woman," for which, and for blas- 
 phemy, he was tried, and, being abroad, was expelled the 
 House of Commons and outlawed ; on his return his 
 outlawry was reversed ; he was elected M.P. for Middle- 
 sex, but again expelled, and declared ineligible to sit iu 
 Parliament ; became Alderman of Farringdon Without, 
 Sheriff, and Lord Mayor ; again elected for Middlesex, 
 and sat in Parliament, and in 1779 chosen Chamberlain 
 of London; born 1727; died 1797- 
 
 Williams, Helen Maria, devotee of the French Revolution; 
 died 1828. 
 
 VVindham, William, eloquent senator and statesman ; Se- 
 cretary at Wa.r in the administration of Lord Grenville 
 and Fox; born 1750 ; died 1810. 
 
 Woolhouse, John Thomas, oculist to William III. and au- 
 thor. 
 
 Wray, Daniel, man of taste and learned writer ; born in St. 
 Botolph, Aldersgate, 1701 ; died 1782. 
 
 Wren, Matthew, Bishop of Ely, imprisoned in the Tower 
 for 18 years, having been impeached by the Commons for 
 being connected with Archbishop Laud ; born in St. 
 Peter Cheap, 1585; died 1667. 
 
 Wright, Abraham, divine, loyalist, and learned author ;
 
 132 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 educated at Merchant- Taylors" School; born in Black 
 Swan Alley, Thames Street, 1611 ; died 1690. 
 
 York, Frederick Duke of, second son of Georg-e III. ; 
 
 - Commander in Chief; able and active official man ; born 
 in Buckingham House, 1763 ; died 182/.
 
 133 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 London and Westminster contain above 8000, streets, 
 ianes, alleys, and courts, and above 65 different squares. 
 It has at least 246 churches and chapels, 207 meeting- 
 houses for dissenters, 43 chapels for foreigners, and 6 syna- 
 gogues for Jews making 502 places of public worship. 
 Thirty-five Churches burnt at the fire were not rebuilti 
 two have since been destroyed to make room for the Bank 
 and Royal Exchange; and one for the new street to Lon- 
 don Bridge. The churches remaining and rebuilt amount 
 to 59; making a total of 97 churches within the city walls at 
 the period of the fire. 22 churches were not burnt, and nine 
 of them have been since rebuilt. The number of inhabitants 
 during the sitting of Parliament is estimated at 1,250,000. 
 In this vast city there are upwards of 4000 seminaries, 
 public and private, for education, 10 institutions for pro- 
 moting the arts and sciences, 122 asylums for the indi- 
 gent, 17 for the sick and lame, 13 dispensaries, 704 charitable 
 institutions, 58 courts of justice, 4040 professional men con- 
 nected with the various departments of the law. 
 
 For lighting London and its suburbs with gas, there are 
 eighteen public gas-works ; twelve public gas-work compa- 
 nies ; 2,800,000 in capital employed in works, pipes, tanks, 
 gas-holders, and apparatus; 450,000 yearly revenue de-
 
 134 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 rived ; 180,000 tons of coals used in the year for making 
 gas ; 134,300 private burners supplied to about 40,000 cus- 
 tomers ; 30,400 public or street consumers ; 380 lamp- 
 lighters employed ; 176 gas-holders, several of which are 
 double ones, capable of storing 5,500,000 cubic feet of gas; 
 890 tons of coals used in the retorts, in the shortest day, in 
 twenty-four hours; 7,120,000 cubic feet of gas used in the 
 longest night, say 24th December; about 2500 persons em- 
 ployed in the metropolis alone in this branch of manufac- 
 ture; between 1822 and 1827, the consumption was nearly 
 doubled; and between 1827 and 1837, it was again nearly 
 doubled. 
 
 The quantity of water daily supplied by the 8 different 
 water companies in 1833-4 was 21,110,555 imperial gallons. 
 By far the greatest portion of this was drawn from the 
 Thames, a small quantity from Hampstead, and the re- 
 mainder from the Lea and New Rivers. The capital ex- 
 pended on the works of these companies then amounted to 
 3,170,000 ; and their gross rental to nearly 300,000. 
 The number of houses or buildings was nearly 200,000, 
 with an average (including manufactories and private dwel- 
 lings) supply of about 180 gallons, at the rate of 10 gal- 
 lons for every individual of the population, at an average 
 cost of about 30*. per annum for each house. 
 
 Coal was only partially used so late as 1640. The con- 
 sumption of coals is now two million of tons annually. 
 
 The total value of butchers' meat sold annually in Smith- 
 field Market, is stated at 8,500,000 ; 65,000,000 quartern 
 loaves are consumed per year ; Vegetables and fruits 
 1,000,000 per year; and Milk 1,250,000. 
 
 The Port of London, as actually occupied by shipping, 
 extends from London Bridge to Deptford, being a distance 
 of nearly four miles, and is from four to five hundred 
 yards in average breadth. It may be described as con-
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 135 
 
 sisting of four divisions, called the upper, middle, and 
 lower pools, and the space between Limehouse and Dept- 
 ford ; the upper pool extends from London Bridge to 
 Union Hole, about 1600 yards ; the middle pool, thence 
 to Wapping New Stairs, 700 yards ; the lower pool, from 
 the latter place to Horseferry Tier, near Limehouse, 1800 
 yards ; and the space below to Deptford, about 2700 yards. 
 There are 13,300 vessels trading in the river Thames in 
 the course of a year, and 40,000 waggons going and re- 
 turning to the metropolis in the same period. The amount 
 of exports and imports to and from the Thames is estimated 
 at 66,841,924 sterling annually, and the property floating 
 in the vast city every year is 170,000,000 sterling. 
 
 A penny post was first established in the year 1683, by a 
 person named Murray, an upholsterer. 
 
 Silk weaving was introduced into Spitalfields, Seven Dials, 
 Soho, &c. by Frenchmen, driven to find a refuge in this 
 country, through the revocation of the edict of Nantes, 
 in 1687. 
 
 Houses were principally built of wood and thatched with 
 reeds or straw, till the time of Richard I. In 1189 an 
 order was issued by the Mayor, that they should be of 
 stone to a certain height, and be covered in with slates or 
 tiles. 
 
 Shops were not inclosed as now till after 1710. They were 
 open, as are those of butchers and potatoe dealers in the 
 present day. 
 
 The King cannot legally enter the city without permission 
 of the Lord Mayor, and whenever Majesty deigns to do 
 so, it is customary to close the doors of Temple Bar, and 
 undergo the ceremony of knocking, asking for, and ob- 
 taining permission. 
 
 Londoners have for many centuries been spoken of re-
 
 136 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 proiichfully under the name of Cockneys. The origin of this 
 term is uncertain, but many glossarists have variously at- 
 tempted to explain it. It seems to have been meant to 
 imply, one brought up in London, and ignorant of all 
 the rest of the world. 
 
 The London Gates were, Aldgate, one of the four origi- 
 nal gates of the Roman city ; rebuilt 1606 ; finally taken 
 down in 1760, Bishopsgate, built by Bishop Erkenwald, 
 in the 7th century ; re-erected 1731, and finally taken 
 down in 1760. Moor gate, erected in 1415, and was one 
 of the most magnificent. Cripplegate, pulled down in 
 1760. Aldersgate, one of the four ori2:inal gates ; re- 
 built 1617, and repaired after the fire 1670; pulled down 
 in 1760. JVewgate, rebuilt after the fire, with great mag- 
 nificence, and used as a prison ; pulled down in 1760. 
 Ludgate, one of the original four gates ; pulled down in 
 1760. Posterngate, on Tower Hill, erected soon after 
 the Conquest. 
 
 In the Adelphi Terrace, at the centre house, Garrick the 
 actor resided ; and here resided his widow till her death in 
 1822. 
 
 Addle Street, Cripplegate, was formerly called King 
 Adel Street, from the Saxon King Athelstan, who had a 
 house in it, and built the church. 
 
 At No. 18, Aldermanbury, resided the infamous Judge 
 Jeffreys. ' 
 
 In Aldersgate Street, the Marquesses of Dorchester and 
 Earls of Westmorland had mansions. The Half Moon Ta 
 vern was the resort of the wits temp. Charles II. The Old 
 Mourning Bush Tavern is said to have taken its appellation 
 from the death of Charles I., when the landlord painted 
 with black the bush that hung outside his inn. In the 
 Gate resided John Day, the early printer. 
 At Allhallows, Barking, were buried Fisher, Bishop of
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 137 
 
 Rochester ; the accomplished Earl of Surrey ; and Arch- 
 bishop Laud, all of whom suffered death on Tower Hill. 
 
 Of Allhallows, London Jfall, the Rev. William Beloe, 
 translator of Herodotus, &c. and elegant poet, was rector- 
 He died in 1817. 
 
 In the Almonry, Westminster, William Caxton, the 
 first English printer, exercised his art under the patronage 
 of the Abbot of Westminster (Billing), 1474. Caxton's 
 imprints speak of " in the Abbey of Westminster," and of 
 the " Almonesrye." He died in 1492, and was buried in 
 St. Margaret's Church, Westminster. 
 
 In Angel Court, Shoe Lane, the poet Chatterton com- 
 mitted suicide in 1778. 
 
 In the Armourers' and Braziers' Hall, Coleman Street, 
 is the fine painting by Northcote, of the entry of Rich- 
 ard 11. and Henry Bolingbroke into London. 
 
 Ashburnham House, in Little Dean's Yard, Westminster, 
 was built by Inigo Jones. The principal staircase excites 
 the admiration of all architects. In this house was depo- 
 sited the Cottonian Library, here nearly destroyed by fire 
 in 1731. The collection is now at the British Museum. 
 In the garden is an alcove attributed to Inigo Jones, imi- 
 tative of part of a small Roman temple. In the coal-cellar 
 are remains of the conventual vaults ; and in the wall may 
 be seen a capital of the time of Edward the Confessor. 
 
 Bangor Court, Shoe Lane, pointed out the site of the 
 residence of the Bishops of that see. It is now nearly 
 covered by Bangor House, the printing office of Messrs. 
 S. Bentley and Co. 
 
 In Barbican resided, in the time of Edward II, the Earls 
 of Suffolk ; and afterwards Peregrine Bertie, Lord Wil- 
 loughby. 
 
 In Bartholomew Close^ Smithfield, Dr. Franklin worked 
 as a journeyman printer, with Mr. Palmer, in 1724, 
 when he first came to London.
 
 138 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 In Beech Lane, Barbican, the Abbots of Ramsey had a 
 house, afterwards occupied by Prince Rupert. 
 
 Near Beer Lane, Great Tower Street, was the residence 
 of Alderman Beckford ; distinguished for his rejoinder, when 
 Mayor, to the reply of George III. to an address from the 
 city. 
 
 In Bell Savage Court, Ludgate Hill, Grinling Gibbons 
 resided, and here carved a pot of flowers in so exquisite a 
 manner that they became agitated by even the gentlest 
 wind. 
 
 In Bolt Court, Fleet Street, was the residence of Dr. 
 Samuel Johnson. 
 
 In Bow Church, Cheapside, are generally preached the 
 Boyle Lectures, a series of eight sermons yearly in defence 
 of natural and revealed religion, founded by the Hon. Ro- 
 bert Boyle. In this church the Bishops of London are con- 
 secrated. Here was buried Thomas Newton, Bishop of 
 Bristol, and Dean of St. Paul's (formerly Rector), who 
 died 1782. 
 
 In Bread Street resided the father of Milton, who was a 
 scrivener. The house, in which the poet was born, still re- 
 mains. 
 
 Broadway Church, Westminster, was converted into a 
 stable during the Civil War by the soldiers of the Parlia- 
 ment ; rebuilt in 1842. In the burial ground is a tablet 
 to Margaret Patten, who died on June 26, 1739, aged 
 136. Her death took place in the parish workhouse in 
 Dean Street, where her portrait is still preserved. 
 
 In Brownlow Street, Drury Lane, George Vertue, the 
 eminent engraver, resided. 
 
 The site of Buckingham Palace was formerly the Mul- 
 berry Gardens. John Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham, who 
 died 1720, built a house here, afterwards the town residence 
 of Queen Charlotte, and where all her children but Prince
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 139 
 
 George was born. It was nearly pulled down in 1825, and 
 the present palace commenced by Nash, and finished by E. 
 Blore. 
 
 Bucklersbury was formerly inhabited by grocers and 
 druggists, and the smell of the spices, &c. is supposed to 
 have preserved the street from the ravages of the plague. 
 Shakspere speaks of smelling like Bucklersbury in " simple 
 time." 
 
 Budge Row was so named from having been the residence 
 of persons dealing in budge or lambskin furs.- At the 
 church of St. Antholin a sermon is preached every evening 
 in the week, for which various legacies have been left. 
 
 Over the entrance of Bull Head Court, JVewgafe Street, 
 is a stone representing William Evans, Charles the First's 
 gigantic porter, who was seven feet and a half high, and the 
 dwarf Jeffrey Hudson, his fellow servant, who, when 8 years 
 old, and only 18 inches high, was served up in a cold pie, 
 and presented therefrom to the Queen, by the Duchess of 
 Buckingham, at Burley on the Hill. After thirty years 
 of age he began to grow again, and reached 3 feet 9 inches. 
 His dress is preserved in the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford. 
 Burlington House, Piccadilly, was erected by Lord Bur- 
 lington, and designed to have been placed " so far out of 
 town that no building should be raised beyond it ; " south 
 fagade designed 1717. and the entrance gateway and screen 
 wall in 1718. Sir William Chambers says, " few in this 
 vast city suspect, I believe, that behind an old brick wall in 
 Piccadilly, there is one of the finest pieces of architecture 
 in Europe."'' With the exception of the front elevation, the 
 house has been rebuilt by the late Earl of Burlington, 
 who (when Lord George Cavendish) purchased the property 
 in 1815. The ceiling of the saloon was painted by Sir 
 James Thornhill. Other ceilings were painted by Marco 
 Ricci and his uncle Sebastian.
 
 140 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 At the meeting' house in Bury Street, Houndsditch, the 
 celebrated Dr. Watts used to preach. 
 
 Castle Street, Holborn, was in 1619 the residence of Tho- 
 mas Howard, Earl of Arundel, who first introduced unifor- 
 mity of building' into England. 
 
 In Fleet Street, near to Chancery Lane, Izaak Walton, 
 angler, had his residence. 
 
 At Charing Cross, opposite the Admiralty, the p:jet 
 Thomson wrote his "Winter." 
 
 In Cheapside, the house now occupied by Mr. Tegg, 
 the bookseller, was erected by Sir Christopher Wren in 
 1668-9. 
 
 In Chiswell Street i^ Qa,^oxi\ type-foundry, the first of 
 the kind in the Metropolis. 
 
 In Christ Church, Newgate Street, was buried Mr. Bur- 
 dett, ancestor to Sir Francis Burdett, who was tried and 
 executed for wishing' that the horns of a favorite white buck 
 of his, which had been killed by Edward IV., were in the 
 body of the King or his adviser. Richard Baxter, noncon- 
 formist divine, was also buried in this church. 
 
 At Cloth Fair, Smithfield, a court of pied pottdre wan held 
 daily, during Smithfield Fair, for the trial of debts and con- 
 tracts, and minor offences. Cloth Fair is a privileged place, 
 and closed at a certain hour every night. 
 
 Coachmakers'' Hall, Noble Street, Foster Lane, was for- 
 merly used as a Debating Society, and there Lord George 
 Gordon used to speak. It was also occupied by the Cecilian 
 Society, and there Mrs. Billington was accustomed to sing. 
 
 At Coopers' Hall, Basinghall Street, the Lotteries used to 
 be drawn, after the drawing was not permitted in Guildhall. 
 The last drawing took place in 1826. 
 
 In Cock Lane, Smithfield, in 1762, a female, by the aid 
 of ventriloquism, acted the part of a ghost, and imposed on 
 a great many reputable and learned people. She formed
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 141 
 
 the subject of Churchill's satirical poem, entitled " The 
 Ghost." 
 
 Cornhill, or Quern Hill, was a favorite spot for the resi- 
 dences of the principal Romans in Britain. It was after- 
 "H-ards much noted for its dealers in old clothes and receivers 
 of stolen g'oods Here Daniel De Foe, author of " Robinson 
 Crusoe," &c. kept a hosier's shop, and here he stood in the 
 pillory for writing a pamphlet entitled, " The shortest way 
 with the Dissenters." 
 
 " Earless on high, stood uaabash'd Defoe." Pope. 
 
 On the site of the Pope's Head Tavern, King John had a 
 royal palace, whither the great Hubert de Burgh was cited 
 to appear before him. 
 
 Covent Garden was formerly an extensive garden belong- 
 ing to the Abbot and Convent of Westminster, and thence 
 named Convent Garden. It was granted by Edw. VI. to 
 the ill-fated Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, on whose 
 attainder it was granted to the Russells Earls of Bedford, 
 M'ho built a house for a town residence near the bottom of 
 what is now Southampton Street. In the church of St. 
 Paul, Covent Garden, was buried Sir Peter Lely, the painter, 
 who died Nov. 30, 1680, aged 63 ; his bust and monument 
 was destroyed in the fire of 1795. Here is a tablet to 
 Charles Macklin, the comedian, who died July 11, 1797, 
 aged 107 )'ears. He was buried in the churchyard, where 
 many other theatrical performers of much eminence have 
 been interred ; and where also lie the remains of Samuel 
 Butler, author of " Hudibras," and Dr. Wolcot, alias " Peter 
 Pindar." 
 
 In Craven Street, Strand, at No. 7, resided Dr. Franklin. 
 
 In Crooked Lane, Edward the Black Prince is said to 
 have resided. 
 
 In Crosby Place, Richard Duke of Gloucester resided, 
 and it is traditionally said that here he concerted his plots
 
 142 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 during the reign of the young Edward ; and here the citizens 
 came to beg his acceptance of the Crown ; but these asser- 
 tions are not supported by history. Here many Ambassa- 
 dors have been lodged. In 1586 Henry Ramelius, Chan- 
 cellor of Denmark ; 1603, Monsr. de Rosny, great Trea- 
 surer of France ; and here also were lodged the learned 
 Barnevelt; the son of William Prince of Orange; and 
 Mons. Fulke. In the 17th century it was the residence of 
 the rich merchant Sir John Spencer and his heirs the Earls 
 of Northumberland. It was used as a presbyterian meeting 
 house from 1662 to 1769 ; and subsequently became a 
 packer's premises. It has recently been restored, at the sug- 
 gestion and under the auspices of Miss Hackett ; and was 
 fitted up in 1842 for a Literary Institution and Music-room. 
 At Crutched Friars'' Hall was the first manufactory of 
 Glass in England. 
 
 Devonshire House, Piccadilly, was erected by Kent, at the 
 cost of 20,000. The old house was frequented by 
 Waller, Denham, and most of the wits of the time of 
 Charles II. 
 
 On the site of Devonshire Square, Bishopsgate, was Jas- 
 per Fisher's Folly, a magnificent structure, afterwards the 
 town residence of the Cavendishes, Earls of Devonshire. It 
 became a conventicle in the Civil Wars, and is alluded to 
 by Butler in his " Hudibras." 
 
 The Dissenters' Library, in Red Cross Street, contains, 
 among others, good portraits of the founder. Dr. Williams, 
 Dr. Priestley, Isaac Watts, W. Tonge, A. Kippis, and A. Rees. 
 Among the books is a copy of the Salisbury Liturgy, finely 
 illuminated ; and in the Library is a glass basin, said to have 
 contained the water at Queen Elizabeth's baptism. 
 
 At the bottom of Dorset Street, or Dorset Gardens, 
 Fleet Street, was the Duke's Theatre, designed by Wren, 
 for Sir William Davenant, and pulled down in 1709 
 In i)MA-e (SVree^ Lincoln's Inn Fields, Dr. Franklin re
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 143 
 
 sided while engaged as a compositor in Watts's printing 
 office. 
 
 In Duke Street, Westminster, the infamous Judge Jef- 
 freys resided. 
 
 In Eastcheap, was an old inn, called the Boar's Head, 
 celebrated by Shakspere. A house with a boar's head in the 
 wall marked the site of it. The Street was pulled down to 
 make the Approaches to New London Bridge. 
 
 In the Library of the East India House are Tippoo Saib's 
 copy of the Koran ; some hundred volumes of Chinese books; 
 and in the Museum was the footstool of Tippoo's throne, of 
 solid gold, in the form of a tiger's head ; with eyes and teeth 
 of crystal ; &c. It has been removed to Windsor Castle. 
 
 At Ely House, on the site of Ely Place, Holborn, died John 
 of Ghent, Duke of Lancaster (" time-honoured Lancaster,") 
 in 1399. He went to reside there on the destruction by 
 fire of the Savoy Palace by Wat Tyler. It belonged to the 
 see of Ely near 486 years, and was sold by the see about 
 1775. The present Ely House is in Dover Street. 
 
 At Fishmongers'' Hall is preserved the dagger of Sir 
 William Walworth, and a bust of the brave citizen by 
 Pierce. 
 
 On Fleet Bridge was the first manufactory of knives in 
 England, in 1563. The use of forks at table was not gene- 
 ral till the time of James I. 
 
 In Friday Street is the Nag's Head Tavern, celebrated 
 as the fictitious scene of the consecration of the Protestant 
 Bishopsin 1559; refuted by Strype in his Life of Archbishop 
 Parker. 
 
 Garter Place, Barbican, takes its name from having been 
 the residence of Sir Thomas Wriothesley, Garter king of 
 ^rms, uncle to the first Earl of Southampton. 
 
 In the old Gatehouse Prison, Dean's Yard, Westminster, 
 removed in 1777, were confined Sir Walter Raleigh, thence 
 conducted to the place of his execution in New Palace
 
 144 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Yard ; Colonel Richard Lovelace, who presented to the 
 House of Commons the celebrated Kentish petition for the 
 restoring the King to his rights, and there " made that 
 celebrated song, called " Stone walls do not a prison 
 make ; " Lady Purbeck, daughter of Chief Justice Coke, 
 for adulterous intimacy with Sir Robert Howard ; Sir 
 Charles Lyttleton, characterized by Clarendon as one 
 " worth his weight in gold," committed by the Parliament, 
 and released at the Restoration ; the Journalist Pepys, 
 charged with being affected towards the abdicated James H. 
 and many other persons of note. 
 
 In Gerrard Street, Soho, Dryden lived, and wrote 
 his " Ode to St. Cecilia's Day." The house is now occupied 
 by a tallow chandler. 
 
 At Goldsmiths" Hall, amongst much splendid plate, is 
 preserved a gold and crystal cup, from which Queen Eliza- 
 beth is said to have drank to the success of her fleet in 1588. 
 
 At Gray's Inn, the elm trees on each side of the walk in 
 the garden were planted by the illustrious Bacon- 
 
 In Great Russell Street, Covent Garden, at No. 17, was 
 Tom's Coffee House, a fashionable resort at the beginning 
 of the eighteenth century, for " playing at Picket," and for 
 " the best conversation." Among the members of the club 
 in 1768 were, besides many titled people, Foote, Murphy, 
 Garrick, George Colman, Dr. Dodd, Sir Nathaniel Dance, 
 Philip Francis, and in 1773, Dr. Goldsmith was admitted. 
 
 In Great IVindmill Street, Dr. William Hunter resided. 
 
 In Green Arbour Court, Old Bailey, Oliver Goldsmith 
 resided, in a wretched room in No. 12, and therein wrote his 
 " Vicar of Wakefield," " Traveller," &c. 
 
 Grub Street, Cripplegate, was once noted for the resi- 
 dences of unfortunate authors ; now for its asylum for the 
 destitute. Here resided Henry Welby, who lived in perfect 
 seclusion 44 years on account of a vow made on an attempt 
 at his life by an ungrateful brother, and died October 29, 1636.
 
 MISCELLANKOUS OBSERVATIONS. 145 
 
 In the Guildhall are monuments to Alderman Beckford ; 
 Earl of Chatham, with an inscription by Edmund Burke ; 
 William Pitt, inscription by George Canning ; Lord Nelson, 
 inscription by Richard Brinsley Sheridan ; &c. In the 
 Council Chamber are a statue of George III. by Chantrey, 
 and many pictures of historic interest, portraits, and busts. 
 
 In Hanover Square, Cripplegate, resided General Monk, 
 restorer of Charles II. 
 
 In Hatton Garden resided Sir Edward Coke, the lawyer; 
 Dr. Edward Stillingfleet, afterwards Bishop of Worcester ; 
 and Dr. Moor, Bishop of Norwich. 
 
 In High Street, St. Giles's, in 1837 were discovered, just 
 opposite the church, two elm trees in a high state of preser- 
 vation, at a depth of about 15 feet under the surface of the 
 ground. They are supposed to have belonged to a forest 
 which once covered the district. 
 
 In Holborn, John Gerard, the celebrated botanist, had his 
 garden, temp. Elizabeth. 
 
 The site of the Horse Guards, was the Tiltyard of 
 Whitehall Palace. 
 
 In Ivy Lane was held the Hum-drum Club, described in 
 the Spectator as consisting of honest gentlemen, of peaceable 
 dispositions, who used to sit together, smoke their pipes, 
 and say nothing till midnight. 
 
 In Jeivin Street, Cripplegate, the poet Milton resided. 
 Leicester Place, Leicester Fields, stands on the site of 
 Leicester House, a seat of the Sydneys, Earls of Leicester. 
 Here resided, for a short time, Elizabeth, dau. of James I. 
 Queen of Bohemia, who died here in 1661. George II. 
 when Prince of Wales, on quarrelling with his father, lived 
 here for several years. His son, Frederick Prince of Wales, 
 on quarrelling with him, also came hither, and here he died. 
 It has been called " the pouting place of princes." It after- 
 wards held the museum of Sir Ashton Lever. Leicester
 
 146 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 House was pulled down, and Leicester Place now occupies the 
 site. 
 
 In Leicester Square resided the patriotic Sir George 
 Saville ; and the celebrated painters. Sir Joshua Reynolds, 
 Hogarth, and Northcote. 
 
 In Leadenhall Street stood the mansion of Leaden- 
 hall, which in 1309 belonged to Sir Hugh Neville, 
 and in 1408 was purchased by the celebrated Whittington 
 and presented to the city. No. 46 was "Dirty Dick's," where 
 an eccentric hardwareman of the name of Bentley resided, 
 and obtained for himself and house the appellation of 
 " Dirty." The Old King's Head Tavern was the rendez- 
 vous of Guy Fawkes and his city adherents. No. 71 is on 
 the site of the house in which Stowe, the antiquary and his- 
 torian, died, poor, aged 80! Under the house No. 153, is a 
 crypt, supposed to be the remains of part of the old church 
 of St. Peter ; and at the junction of Leadenhall Street, Aid- 
 gate High Street, and Fenchurch Street, near Aldgate 
 Pump, is another crypt, the remains of the antient church 
 of St. Michael. 
 
 In Lincoln's Inn Hall is a painting of Paul before Felix, 
 by Hogarth ; and an admirable marble statue of Lord 
 Erskine, by Westmacott ; cost 2300 guineas, subscribed by 
 the barristers. In the erection of the Chapel, Ben Jonson, 
 the poet, is said to have assisted by working with his trowel. 
 
 In Lincoln s Inn Fields, the patriotic William Lord 
 Russell and Algernon Sydney lost their heads in the year 
 1683. 
 
 Lombard Street takes its name from the Lombards, the 
 great bankers of antient times. In this street and the 
 neighbourhood, a majority of the banking establishments are 
 still to be found. On the site of the banking house of 
 Messrs. Stone and Co. 68, Lombard Street, was the residence 
 of Sir Thomas Gresham. The husband of Jane Shore,
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 147 
 
 concubine of the licentious Edward IV. was Mr. Matthew 
 Shore, a goldsmith in this street. 
 
 Of the London Institution, then in Old Jewry, Professor 
 Porson was the first librarian. He died in his apartments 
 there of apoplexy in 1808. The present Institution in 
 Finsbury Place, Moorfields, was erected in 1815. 
 
 In LoveU's Court, Fetter Lane, Richardson wrote his 
 novels of Pamela and Grandison. 
 
 Of Merchant Taylors' School the first master was the 
 learned philologist, Richard Mulcaster, appointed 1561. 
 Among his successors were William Dugard, committed to 
 Newgate, Feb. 1649, for publishing " Salmasius's Defence of 
 King Chcvrles I.;" and John Goad, dismissed in 1681, for 
 writing "A Comment on the Church Catechism." Among the 
 most eminent scholars appear the names of Archbishops 
 Juxon, Dawes, and Gilbert ; Bishops Buckeridge and Wil- 
 cocks of Rochester ; Andrewes of AYinchester ; Boyle of 
 Waterford ; Thomas of Lincoln ; Henshaw of Peter- 
 borough ; the Lord Keeper Whitelock, &c. &c. 
 
 Milton Street, formerly Grub Street, was long pro- 
 verbial as the abode of poor and hired authors. It was the 
 residence of writers of A B C books, &c. before the intro- 
 duction of printing. In it lived and died Fox the martyr- 
 ologist ; and here resided Speed the historian ; Richard 
 Smith, the antiquary ; and the poet Milton. 
 
 The Meeting-house in Monkwell Street, was the first in 
 London, being opened by Mr. Doolittle in the reign of 
 Charles II.; Dr. James Fordycewas subsequently a popular 
 preacher here.- 
 
 From the Monument in September 1732 a sailor slid 
 down a rope ; and on the following morning, as it hung per- 
 pendicular, a waterman's boy descended. Two young women 
 and a boy have recently committed suicide by throwing 
 themselves from the top of the Monument.
 
 148 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Moorfields, now thickly studded with elegant houses, 
 was the general resort of the citizens for divers amuse- 
 ments. Here the well-meaning Whitfield long preached 
 successfully. 
 
 Of New Inn, in the Strand, Sir Thomas More, Lord 
 Chancellor, was a student before he entered as a member of 
 Lincoln's Inn. 
 
 The number of visitors to the JVational Gallery, Tra- 
 falgar Square, has increased from 125,000 in the year 1837, 
 to 397,649 in 1838 ; and in 1840 to upwards of 500,000. 
 
 JVewcastle House, at the corner of Queen Street, Lin- 
 coln's Inn Fields, was built for the Marquess of Powis in 
 1686. It was subsequently the residence of Sir Nathan 
 Wright, Lord Chancellor Somers, and Thomas Pelham 
 Holies, Duke of Newcastle. To it might be applied Pope's 
 lines on Hampton Court : 
 
 " Here thou, great Anna, whom three realms obey, 
 Dost sometimes counsel take, and sometimes tea," 
 
 At the JVew Court Meeting-house, Carey Street, the 
 eccentric Daniel Burgess, who preached with an hour-glass 
 by his side, and his no less eccentric successor, Tom Brad- 
 bury, occupied the pulpit. 
 
 In J^ew Palace Yard, Westminster, died on April 7, 
 1836, in his 81st year, William Godwin, author of "Caleb 
 Williams,*' &c. 
 
 In the Old Bailey, Jonathan Wilde resided ; as did also 
 Peter Bales, celebrated penman, in the time of Elizabeth. 
 
 In Old Jewry resided the pious and patriotic Granville 
 Sharp, whose father was a surgeon here. 
 
 In Orchard Street, Westminster, in 1757, resided Tho- 
 mas Amorv, an eccentric man and author of " Memoirs," &c. 
 
 The Chapel in Oxenden Street, Haymarket, was first 
 built as a meeting-house by the celebrated Richard Baxter.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 149 
 
 In Painter Stainers" Hall, Little Trinity Lane, are very 
 many pictures, principally executed by members. Among 
 them is a landscape by Lambert, with figures by Hogarth, 
 representing the story of the " babe with bloody hands," 
 from Spenser's Faerie Queen. There is also a portrait of 
 Camden the antiquary, whose father was a Member of the 
 Company, and g-ave them a silver cup and cover, still annu- 
 ally used on St. Luke's day. Sir Joshua Reynolds was also 
 a Member. 
 
 In Pannier Alley, between Newgate Street and Paternos- 
 ter Row, is a stone, with the figure of a boy sitting on a 
 pannier, and this inscription : 
 
 When y^ have sough' 
 
 The Citty rovnd 
 
 Yet still this is 
 
 the High" Ground, 
 
 Augvst the 27, 
 
 1688. 
 
 Pardon Passage, Charterhouse Square, is named from the 
 church, founded in 1348, called Pardon Church, which stood 
 on the spot; and where it was customary to bury persons 
 who had committed suicide, or had been executed. In the 
 year of its consecration, in 1349, a great plague raged, and 
 50,000 bodies were buried here. 
 
 At Paul's Cross Jane Shore did penance ; and here the 
 project of Richard III.'s ascent to the throne was first 
 broached by the celebrated Dr. Shaw. Elizabeth Barton, 
 called the " Holy Maid of Kent," a pretended prophetess, 
 was exposed upon a scaflFold here, previous to her being 
 hung at Tyburn, in 1534. 
 
 In Petticoat Lane, temp. James I. the famous Count 
 Gondomar resided ; it was then occupied by many pleasant 
 houses of the citizens.
 
 150 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 While the Physicians' College was in Amen Corner, 
 Paternoster row. Dr. William Harvey, immortalized by the 
 discovery of the circulation of the blood, erected a convoca- 
 tion room, and a museum in the garden, filled with choice 
 books and chirurgical instruments, which in 1652 he gave to 
 the college, at a splendid entertainment to which he had in- 
 vited all the members. 
 
 In Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, was formerly 
 a theatre, built by the poet, Sir William Davenant, on the 
 site of a Tennis Court. It is now the China warehouses 
 of Messrs. Copeland and Co. At Watts's printing office, 
 Dr. Franklin worked as a compositor in 1725. His lodg- 
 ings were in Duke Street, facing the Catholic Chapel. 
 
 Prescott Street, Goodman's Fields, was the only street 
 which had numbers on the houses till the time of Queen 
 Anne. 
 
 In Printing House Square was the office of Thomas Bas- 
 kett, the King's printer ; now the extensive premises for 
 printing the Times newspaper. 
 
 In Pudding Lane began the fire of London in 1666. 
 
 Pye Corner was so called, says Dr. Howel, of such a sign, 
 sometimes a fair inne for receipt of travellers. This place is 
 alluded to in Ben Jonson's " Bartholomew Fair," where 
 Littlewit, the proctor, thus addresses his wife, Win-the-fight: 
 " Long to eat of a pig, sweet Win, i'th fair, do you see? 
 i'the heart of the fair; not at Pye- corner." It was estimated 
 in the year 1732 that the number of sucking pigs then annu- 
 ally consumed in the city of London amounted to .52,000. 
 This was the spot where the great fire of 1666 terminated. 
 
 On the site of the Royal Exchange was erected in 1282 
 a prison for off"enders against morals, and called from its 
 shape "the Tun Prison." It was removed, with a number 
 of small alleys, to make room for Sir Thomas Greshara's 
 Exchange, of which the first stone was laid in 1566, and it
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 151 
 
 was proclaimed in 1571 as ' the Royal Exchange," in the 
 presence of Queen Elizabeth, who had previously honoured 
 the munificent merchant with her company at dinner at his 
 house in Broad Street. This building was destroyed in the 
 fire of London, and its re-erection vras commenced in 1667- 
 The statue of Charles the Second, which occupied the 
 centre of the Piazza, was the work of Spiller, a young and 
 talented artist, whose enthusiasm was so great, that, though 
 consumption was doing its fatal work, he persisted in la- 
 bouring at it, in spite of earnest advice to the contrary. He 
 was willing, he said, to die at the foot of the statue. It was 
 completed, and raised to its destined site ; the young 
 martyr to his profession gazed upon it there, returned 
 home, and soon was known no -more ! This statue escaped 
 at the last fire, which occurred on the 10th Jan. 1838. The 
 statues of Charles I. and II. (by BushncU) on the south 
 front, as also the modern statues by Bubb of the Four 
 Quarters of the Globe, were likewise preserved. The latter 
 have since been transferred to Nicholson's Wharf, near Lon- 
 don Bridge. The statues of the Kings, round the area, pre- 
 vious to Charles II. were mostly by Gibber; those of George 
 I. and II. by Rysbrach, and those of George III. and IV- 
 by Bubb. These were all more or less destroyed, and sold 
 among the old materials. Sir Thomas Gresham's statue, 
 which escaped the fire of 1666, was destroyed in 1838, that 
 of Sir John Barnard a second time escaped, together with a 
 modern monument to Mr. Lyddeker, founder of the Mer- 
 chants' Hospital Ship. The first stone of the new Royal 
 Exchange was laid Jan. 17, 1842, by Prince Albert. The 
 Latin inscription on the stone was written by Dr. Blom- 
 field, Bp. of London. The architect is William Tite, Esq. 
 F.R.S. and F.S.A. Under the Exchange, Alexander 
 Cruden, author of the Concordance of the Scriptures, 
 had a bookseller's shop. In excavating the site of
 
 152 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 the new Royal Exchange, in 1841, an extensive gravel- 
 pit was found, and amongst the debris were disco- 
 vered large quantities of bones and other remains of 
 animal and vegetable matter, with abundance of articles of 
 domestic life, as shoes and sandals, knives and cutting in- 
 struments, on some of which were engraved the names of the 
 makers ; and some weaving instruments, in which part of 
 the wool remained entwined, and which seemed to show the 
 antiquity of this branch of staple manufacture. There were 
 also found coins of Vespatian, Domitian, and Severus, but 
 in the rubbish at top were coins of much later dates, show- 
 ing this part of the city to be of comparatively recent for- 
 mation. From the discovery within the last few years of 
 tessellse in the Bank of England, Cornhiil, and the site of 
 the French church in Threadneedle Street, where Roman 
 villas doubtless stood, it would appear that Roman London 
 was continually entrenching on the fields which surrounded 
 it, and that the excavation alluded to was situate in fields, 
 and was employed to furnish materials for the use of the 
 Roman citizens. 
 
 At St. Andrew's Church, Holborn, was baptized the 
 wretchedly unfortunate poet Savage, and in the parish were 
 his early years very humbly spent. Here was married the 
 great Sir Edward Coke to Lady Elizabeth Hatton ; and here 
 was rector the famous Dr. Sacheverel. In the time of 
 Henry VH. the rector was fined 4rf. by the churchwardens, 
 for driving a cart across the churchyard to the rector}\ 
 
 Of St. Andrew the IVardrobe and St. Anne B/ackfriars, 
 was rector William Romaine, the popular preacher. He 
 was, at different times, also lecturer at St. Dunstan's in 
 tlie West ; Assistant Morning Preacher at St. George's, 
 Hanover Square ; Curate of St. 0!ave"s ; Morning Preacher 
 at St. Bartholomew's the Great ; and Minister of Broadway 
 Chapel, Westminster. In the church were buried Isaac
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS- 
 
 153 
 
 Oliver, unrivalled miniature painter, whose inonunient was 
 destroyed during^ the fire of 1666 ; and its pious minister, 
 the Rev. William Romaine, executed by Bacon, consi- 
 dered one of his best works, and erected by public subscrip- 
 tion In the parish the painter Vandyck resided. 
 
 St. Andrew Undershaft was so named from a May-pole 
 or shaft which used to be raised by it every year on the first 
 of May, higher than the church steeple. After " Evil May 
 Day/" 1517, 't ^vas discontinued. 
 
 In St. Anne's Churchyard, Soho, was buried Theodore 
 King- of Corsica, with a stone erected by Horace Walpole in 
 1758. 
 
 In St. Bartholomew the Great are monuments to Sir 
 Walter Mildmay, Chancellor of the Exchequer in the time 
 of Queen Elizabeth, who died in 1576, and Edward Cooke, 
 philosopher. 
 
 In St. Bartholomew the Less parish resided Sir Dudley 
 Carleton. 
 
 At St. Benedict, Paul's Wharf, Lord Orford says Inigo 
 Jones was buried. 
 
 In St. Botolph's Church, Bishopsgate, is a curious old 
 and good picture of Charles I. emblematically describing his 
 sufferings. Sir Paul Pindar's monument is here. 
 
 In St. Bride's, Fleet Street, were interred Wynken de 
 Worde, the second English printer ; Sir Richard Baker, au- 
 thor of " Chronicles ; " and Samuel Richardson the printer,, 
 author of " Sir Charles Grandison," &c. 
 
 In St. Catharine Cree Church was buried, in 1554, the 
 celebrated painter, Holbein, who died in Cree Church 
 House ; and Sir Nicholas Throgmorton. 
 
 In the Vestry-room of St. Clement Danes, is a picture 
 by Kent, (formerly the altar-piece) some of the figures of 
 which are said to be portraits of the wife and children of 
 the Pretender. This painting was caricatured by Hogarth.
 
 154 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 In St. Dionts Backchurch are preserved several s3Tinges 
 of brass, holding about a gallon of water, and resembling 
 the garden syringe ; the only instruments for putting out 
 fires before the great Fire of London. 
 
 In the old Church of St. Dunstans in the West, was an 
 oval tablet to H. Judkin, "the honest solicitor of Clifford's 
 Inn," who died June 30, 1818, erected by his clients! The 
 lectureship was held by the popular preacher, William Ro- 
 maine, who, in consequence of the opposition of the parish 
 authorities, frequently lectured by the light of one candle, 
 which he held in his hand. 
 
 In the church of St. Edmund the King, Lombard Street, 
 is a monument to Dr. Jeremiah Milles (ob. 1784), Dean 
 of Exeter, and President of the Society of Antiquaries. 
 
 Of St. George the Martyr, Queen Square, the antiquary, 
 Dr. Stukeley, died rector in 1766. 
 
 In the church of St. George, Hanover Square, is an 
 antient stained glass window, which formerly belonged to a 
 convent at Malines, and was executed about the latter end 
 of the 15th century. It represents the genealogy of Christ, 
 as derived from Jesse, and was put up in its present situa- 
 tion in 1840. The altar-piece is the Last Supper, painted 
 by Sir James Thornhill. Of this parish were Rectors. Dr. 
 Moss, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 1774; and Bishop Courle- 
 nay, of Exeter. 
 
 In St. Giles's in the Fields Church, or Churchyard, were 
 buried Andrew Marvell; Sir Roger L'Estrange; and Rich- 
 ard Pendrell, preserver of Charles 11. 
 
 In St. Giles's Church, Cripplegate, is a bust of the poet 
 Milton, by Bacon, erected at the expence of Samuel Whit- 
 bread, 1773, the celebrated brewer of this parish. Here was 
 married Oliver Cromwell to Elizabeth Boucher; and here 
 were buried Speed the historian ; Fox the martyrologist ; 
 and the poet Milton.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 155 
 
 St. Helen s Church, Bishopsgate, has an interesting relic 
 on the north side, called the Nuns' Gate. There are me- 
 morials to Sir John Crosby and lady, builders of adjoining 
 mansion, ob. 1475 ; Sir William Pickering, " finest gentle- 
 man of the age for his worth in learning, arts, and vvarfare," 
 ob. 1574; Sir Thomas Gresham, bur. Dec. 15, 1579. Here 
 may be seen the coffin, with a lock and key, of the usurer 
 Bancroft. The famous Italian Merchant and Ambassador, 
 Sir Horatio Pallavicini, had a house in this parish, and 
 there entertained Queen Elizabeth, April 1559. 
 
 St. James's Palace was built, on the site of a hospital for 
 lepers, by Hen. Vlll. His daughter Mary died here, and so 
 did Prince Henry, the promising son of James I. Charles I. 
 was imprisoned here, and here his "body was for several days 
 exhibited to the public. George IV. was born here, and 
 here have been celebrated many royal births, baptisms, and 
 nuptials. The state apartments are commodious and hand- 
 some. In one of the ante-rooms to the Presence Chamber 
 is a looking-glass, formerly considered unequalled for size 
 by any in the kingdom. 
 
 Of St. James's, Piccadilly, were Rectors, Archbishops 
 Tennison and Wake ; and Bishop Trimnell of Norwich. 
 Here were buried Benjamin Stillingfleet, naturalist ; Dr. 
 Akenside ; John Hunter; Tom D'Urfey ; and Sir Joshua 
 Reynolds. 
 
 The burial ground of St. John's the Evangelist, in the 
 Horseferry Road, contains the ashes of an Indian Chief, 
 brought to England 1734, and buried in the presence of 
 his Emperor Tomo, &c. according to the customs of the 
 Karakee Chiefs. 
 
 In the church of St. Lawrence, Jewry, is a monument to 
 Archbishop Tillotson. 
 
 In St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, was buried the 
 body of Sir Walter Ralegh, after his cruel execution
 
 156 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 in Old Palace Yard, in 1618 ; the only memorial to him is 
 a painted tin or copper tablet put up by the Parish Clerk. 
 Here are tablets to William Caxton, first English printer, 
 lately erected by the Roxburghe Club ; and Dr. Nares, 
 musical composer, 1783; and busts of James Palmer, B.D. 
 and Corn. Van Dun, in the costume of the guard of Queen 
 Elizabeth, both founders of alms houses in the parisli. 
 Here is a beautiful painted window of the Crucifixion, made 
 by direction of the Magistrates of Dort, as a present to 
 Henry VII. for his chapel. It was not finished at tLe 
 King's death, and fell into the hands of the Abbol of 
 Waltham; was afterwards in the chapel of New Hall, Essex ; 
 and was purchased for 400 guine.is for this church. 
 
 Of St. Martin in the Fields were rectors. Archbishops 
 Laraplugh 16/0, Tennison 1680, of Canterbury; Bishops 
 Lloyd of Worcester 16/6, Green of Ely 1717- The vestry 
 has portraits of many of its vicars; of the architect; of 
 Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, whose murder was connected 
 with Titus Oates's plot ; and a fine model of the church. 
 The celebrated Nell Gwyn was buried in the churchyard. 
 She left to the ringers of the church a sum of money to pro- 
 vide them with a weekl}' entertainment. In 1727 Sig. 
 Volante, an Italian, descended head foremost by a rope, 
 with his legs and arms extended, from the top of the steeple 
 over the houses to the furthest side of the Mews, a distance 
 of about 300 yards. 
 
 Of St. Martin, Ludgate, was Rector, Samuel Purchas, 
 author of the "Pilgrimages." He died in 1628. 
 
 In St. Martin's Street, Leicester Fields, resided Sir 
 Isaac Newton, in ibe house on which has since been erected 
 an observatory. 
 
 St. Martins le Grand had a right of sanctuary. Per- 
 sons not free of the city may carry on business here, 
 being a liberty belonging to the Dean and Chapter of West- 
 minster.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 157 
 
 O^Si. Mai-y, Aldermanbury, were ministers, Mr. Edmund 
 Calamy ; Dr. Stratford, Bishop of Chester ; Ezekiel Hop- 
 kins, Bishop of Derry. Here was married the great Earl 
 of Manchester to his third wife, Essex, daughter of Sir Tho- 
 mas Cheke ; and here was buried the infamous Judge Jeffries. 
 
 In St. Mary-at-Hill Church, Billingsgate, is a monu- 
 ment to the ingenious author of " Popular Antiquities," 
 Rev. J. Brand, ob. 1800. Here on the Sunday after Mid- 
 summer Day, the Fellowship Porters meet, and during di- 
 vine service approach the altar two and two, and make 
 their offerings. They are generally followed by the con- 
 gregation. In 1485-6 the Boy Bishop ceremony was ob- 
 served in this church. 
 
 Of St. Mary Woolnoth, Lombard Street, the Rev. John 
 Newton, the friend of the poet Cowper, was rector. 
 
 Of St. Matthew, Friday Street, was rector, in 1647, Dr. 
 Lewis Bayly, author of the " Practice of Piety," and after- 
 wards Bisiiop of Bangor. Here is a monument to Dr. 
 Michael Lort, Greek Professor at Cambridge, and rector of 
 this church. 
 
 In the old Church of St. Michael Bassiihaiv, Sir Tho- 
 mas Gresham was buried. 
 
 In St. Michael's Church, Crooked Lane, was buried Sir 
 William Walworth, who struck down Wat Tyler. 
 
 In St. Michael, Paternoster Royal, was buried the cele- 
 brated Sir Richard Whittington, thrice Lord Mayor of 
 London, whose traditional history is still heard with great 
 interest by youthful citizens, and has, doubtless, in many 
 instances, stimulated a perseverance which has led to similar 
 success in others. He here had a splendid monument, which 
 was broken into by a priest iij the hope of finding trea- 
 sures. Being disappointed, he carried away the leaden coffin 
 in which the body was inclosed. * 
 
 Of St. Michael, Wood Street, was rector Dr. Thomas
 
 158 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Birch, historian and biographer. In the old church the 
 head of James IV. of Scotland is said to have been buried 
 after the battle of Flodden Field. 
 
 In St. Mildred's Church, Poultry, was buried Tusser, the 
 agricultural poet. 
 
 St. Olave, Hart Street, had for its rector, from 1760 to 
 1794, the learned Dr. Henry Owen, orig-inally a physician. 
 
 St. Paul's Cathedral. The first Bishop was Melli- 
 tus, the companion of St. Augustine in his mission to Eng- 
 land. Among its Bishops appear St. Dunstan, ob. 988; 
 Roger Niger, ob. 1241, canonized ; Wengham, Lord Chan- 
 cellor, ob. 1262; Chishull, Lord Chancellor, ob. 1280; 
 Wentworth, Lord Chancellor, ob. 1339 ; Sudbury and 
 Courtenay, Archbishops of Canterbury ; Braybrooke, Lord 
 Chancellor, ob. 1404; Kemp, successively Archbishop of 
 York and Canterbury, and a Cardinal ; Warham, Abp. of 
 Canterbury ; Edmond Bonner ; Nicholas Ridley, martyr, 
 155.5; Grindall and Sandys, Archbishops of York ; Ban- 
 croft, Abbot, Laud, Juxon, and Sheldon, Archbishops of 
 Canterbury ; E. Gibson, ob. 1746 ; Sherlock, ob. 1761 ; 
 R. Lowth, ob. 1787; Porteus, ob. 1809; and Howley, now 
 Abp. of Canterbury. The carvings in the choir are the 
 matchless work of Grinlin Gibbons. Among the sculptors 
 were Cibber and Bird. On the North front of the Church, 
 directly opposite to Paul's Alley, the smoke and damp had 
 in 1822, so discoloured one of the panels as to produce the 
 appearance of an interesting moonlight picture. Among 
 the monuments are those to Howard the Philanthropist, 
 by Bacon, cost 1300 guineas, and the first public monument 
 erected in this Cathedral, 1796 ; Dr. Johnson, by Bacon, 
 inscription by Dr. Parr ; Lord Nelson, by Flaxman ; Lord 
 Heathfield, by Rossi ; Earl Howe, by Flaxman ; Lord 
 Collingwood, by Westmacott ; Sir J. Moore, by Bacon; Sir 
 R. Abercromby, by Westmacott; Capt. Faulkener, by Rossi;
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 159 
 
 Capt, Burg-es, by Banks ; Sir W. Hoste, by Campbell ; 
 Earl St. Vincent, by Baily ; Lord Rodney, by Rossi ; 
 Lord Duncan, by Westmacott ; Marques Cornwallis, by 
 Rossi ; Sir W. Jones, statue by Bacon ; Bp. Heber, by 
 Chantrey, cost 1300; Maj.-Gen. Gillespie, by Chantrey ; 
 Capt. Mosse and Riou, by Rossi; Capt. Westcott, by Banks; 
 Gen. Ponsonby, by Baily; Maj.-Gen. Gore and Skerett, 
 by Chantrey ; Maj.-Gen. Hay, by Hopper ; Gen. Sir T. 
 Picton, by Gahagan ; Maj.-Gen. Dundas, by Bacon ; Capt. 
 Cooke; Capt. Duff; Capt. Hardinge; Maj .-Gens. Mackenzie 
 and Long-worth ; Maj.-Gen. Houghton ; Sir S. Myers ; 
 Maj.-Gen. Bowes ; Maj.-Gen. Le Marchant ; Maj.-Gens. 
 Crauford and Mackinnon; Sir Isaac Brock; Col. Codagan; 
 Maj.-Gen. Ross ; Sir W. Ponsonby; Maj.-Gens. Pakenham 
 andGibbs. In the crypt or vaults are the remains of the old 
 monuments of Dr. Donne, his figure in a shroud, carved by 
 Stone ; Lord Chancellor Hatton ; Sir Nicholas Bacon, 
 in armour^ and others saved from the old Cathedral ; and 
 the names of Sir Christopher Wren, whose tomb is nearly 
 under the site of the high altar of the ancient Cathedral ; 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds, Barry, Opie, and West, celebrated 
 painters ; Mylne, architect to the Cathedral, and builder of 
 Blackfriars bridge ; Rennie, engineer; learned and eccen- 
 tric Abraham Badcock ; and the yet more eccentric up- 
 holder of animal magnetism, John Benoist de Mainaudoc ; 
 Doctor Boyce, eminent musician ; Nelson andCollingwood, 
 under the centre of the cupola. St. Paul's, from the Refor- 
 mation to the Commonwealth, was a general thoroughfare 
 for every traffic, and the resort of all sorts of beggars and 
 loose and disorderly people. In the Cloister called Pardon 
 Churchyard was painted the " Dance of Death," executed 
 by Jenkyn Carpenter, Town Clerk, 1430. In the Trophy 
 Room is the rejected model of Sir Christopher Wren for 
 the Cathedral. The great bell weighs 11,474 lbs. being the
 
 160 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 largest in England next to that at Oxford, which weighs 
 17,000 lbs. 
 
 Among^ the eminent men educated at St. Paul's School, 
 were Sir Anthony Denny, Sir VV. Paget, Lord North, states- 
 men ; Leland and Burton, antiquaries ; \Y. Camden; Mil- 
 ton ; Scarborough, physician ; Pepys, diurnalist; Calamy ; 
 Duke of Manchester, ob. 1721 ; John Duke op Marl- 
 borough; many prelates; Earl of Orrery, philosopher; 
 Roger Cotes ; the pious Robert Nelson ; the two Gales, 
 antiquaries; Strype, editor of Stowe ; Halley, astronomer; 
 Sir Philip Francis ; and Taylor the Platonist. The first 
 Master was Lilly, the Grammarian. 
 
 Of St. Peter le Poor Bishop Hoadly was rector. 
 
 Of St. Stephen, Coleman Street, was incumbent the Rev. 
 John Goodwin, a violent republican ; author of a pamphlet, 
 entitled " The Obstructors of Justice," in justification of 
 the death of Charles I. He was ejected from his living, and 
 his pamphlet burnt by the hangman. He afterwards kept a 
 private conventicle in Coleman Street, and died in 1665. 
 
 In St. Stephen, Wallbrook, Dr. Wilson the rector, who 
 died 1784, erected a marble statue to Mrs. Catharine Ma- 
 caulay, in the character of History, and with a highly com- 
 plimentary inscription, during her life, but it was removed 
 by order of the Bishop of London. 
 
 In St. Thomas Apostle was Ringed Hall, a residence of 
 the Earls of Cornwall before the time of Edward III. 
 
 In St. Kedast Church, Foster Lane, was buried the 
 antiquary Leland. 
 
 In Salisliuri/ Court, Fleet Street, lived Samuel Richard- 
 son, novelist. 
 
 In Salters' Hall is a curious dinner bill for 50 members 
 of the Company in 1.506, framed and glazed. The whole 
 expense was 1. 13*. 21(1. A sum of 4d. is charged for 36 
 chickens. 
 
 In Sambrook Court resided Dr. Lettsom, the physician.
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATrONS. 161 
 
 In Scotland Yard, Westminster, was formerly a palace, 
 built for the reception of the Scottish king-s when they 
 visited Eng-land Here resided Sir John Vanbrugh, poet 
 and architect. 
 
 At Smithjield, in the middle of the pens, a large gas 
 light stands on the spot where the martyrs were burnt. 
 
 Soho Square was called Monmouth Square, on account 
 of its being the residence of the Duke of Monmouth, whose 
 watch-word at the battle of Sedgmoor was " So ho !" 
 
 The Company of Stationers is of great antiquity, long 
 before the invention of printing. They were also called 
 Text-writers, and sold the ABC, Paternoster, Ave, Crede, 
 Grace, and all sorts of books then in use. Hence the names 
 of the Streets near the Hall. 
 
 The Strand, from Charing Cross to Temple Bar, was at 
 one time ornamented with numerous mansions of the great, 
 the sites of which are marked by the streets and courts 
 which still bear their names. The House of the Duke of 
 Buckingham was previously a house of the Archbishops 
 of York, and known as York House It was granted 
 to him by King James. The Parliament in 1649 bestowed 
 it on their general, Lord Fairfax, whose daughter conveyed 
 it by marriage again to the Villiers family. The site is 
 known by the names of George Street, Villiers Street, Duke 
 Street, Of Alley, and Buckingham Street, thus preserving 
 the name and title of the owner, who disposed of the estate 
 to be built upon. 
 
 In Suffolk Street is the residence of Mr. Cresy, the 
 architect, a fac-simile of the house of Andrea Pallacho, at 
 Vicenza. 
 
 In Sweedons Passage, Cripplegate, was a house, pulled 
 down in 1805, occupied by London's two great citizens. 
 Sir Richard Whittington and Sir Thomas Gresham. 
 
 At rei/?/eJ5ar, the banking house of Child and Co. is the 
 
 s
 
 162 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 oldest in London. Adjoining it was the Devil Tavern, to 
 which Goldsmith and his contemporaries used to resort. 
 
 In the Temple Church, within the circular area of the 
 vestibule, are two groups of ancient sepulchral eflRgies, evi- 
 dently congregated here from their original places in various 
 parts of the edifice. These effigies, nine in number, are 
 greatly mutilated and defaced ; they have been sculptured 
 out of blocks of freestone, two feet in thickness, and are 
 lying on platforms of similar stone. The attitudes vary, 
 but the figures are all recumbent, and represent knights in 
 mail armour, with surcoats. Only one is bare-headed, and 
 wears a monk's cowl. Their shields are of the heater or 
 Norman form, but differ in size. Five of them are cross- 
 le2:ged, a position acknowledged to indicate actual crusaders, 
 or knights who had taken the vow to engage in the Holy 
 War against the infidels in Palestine. Only three or four 
 of these persons can now be satisfactorily identified ; and 
 only one of them is considered to have been immediately 
 connected with the order of Knights Teraplai-s. The first 
 fiu-ure in the southernmost group is Geoffrey de Magna- 
 ville, made Earl of Essex by King Stephen, and mortally 
 wounded in besieging the castle at Burwell in 1148; the 
 second figure is William Le Marechal, the first and famous 
 Earl of Pembroke, who died 1219 ; the third figure, a 
 youthful looking knight, bare-headed, is referred to Robert 
 Ros, a Templar, who died 1227; the fourth figure is supposed 
 to have been intended for William Marshall, 2d Earl of Pem- 
 broke, who died in 1230. Not a single figure of the 
 northernmost group can be decidedly appropriated, but the 
 fifth, or that which is cross-legged, was probably meant for 
 Gilbert Marshall, third Earl of Pembroke, who was killed 
 by a fall from an unruly horse at a tournament, near Ware, 
 in Hertfordshire, in 1241. 
 
 At Tothill Fields, Henry III. to punish the presumption
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 163 
 
 and reduce the wealth of the Londoners, who had bought 
 his crown jewels, in 1248, granted to the Abbot of West- 
 minster the privilege of holding an annual fair for fifteen 
 days, during which all trade should cease within the city. 
 
 Calvert's Brewery, Thames Street, is on the site of the 
 old mansion of Cold Harbour. The Earl of Huntingdon 
 entertained Richard II. here. It was severally inhabited by 
 Edmund Earl of Cambridge, 1398; Henry Holland, Duke of 
 Exeter, 1472; Bishop Tonstall of Durham, temp. Henry 
 VIII.; Earl of Shrewsbury, 1553. 
 
 Tower : Once a fortress of great strength and conse- 
 quent importance, now a town of houses, offices, and bar- 
 racks. In it were confined numbers of royal, noble, and 
 illustrious prisoners. Too many of them perished, either 
 within its walls or precinct ; some justly, but the far 
 greater number without other crime than that of having 
 unfortunately got into the hands of the powerful ; and many 
 are the records which have been preserved of their feelings 
 and amusements during their solitary hours, spent in dreary 
 cells and cold vaulted rooms, in the shape of carvings and 
 writings on the walls of their apartments. It would occupy 
 too much space to recapitulate the names of all whose lives 
 and characters are historically interesting ; but a list of the 
 most distinguished and remarkable is absolutely necessary. 
 Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, Justiciary, most inhumanly 
 treated, 1232; William Wallace, Scottish Hero, 1305, 
 besides many northern chiefs, their Sovereign and his son ; 
 David Bruce, King of Scotland, 1346; the famous Charles 
 de Blois, liberated 1356 ; John King of France, and his son 
 Philip, 1357 ; Richard II. ; James son of Robert III. King 
 of Scotland, 1406; Lord Cobham, for Lollardism, 1413; 
 the famous Owen Tudor, grandfather of Henry VII. 1438; 
 Henry VI. mild and religious monarch, 1471 ; George 
 Duke of Clarence, traditionally said to have been drowned
 
 164 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 in a butt of malmsey, 1477 ; Sir Thomas More, Lord 
 Chancellor, 1535 ; Queen Anne Boleyn, 1535 ; Mrs. Anne 
 Askew, celebrated Martyr, 1546 ; the renowned Henry 
 Earl of Surrey and his father Thomas third Duke of 
 Norfolk, 1546-7; the Protector Somerset, 1549, beheaded 
 1552 ; Thomas Lord Seymour, beheaded 1548-9 ; Lady 
 Jane Grey, amiable and unfortunate, 1554, beheaded ; 
 Queen Elizabeth, while Princess ; Sir John Cheke, 1549, 
 an ornament to literature ; the Earl of Essex, the noble 
 but hasty, the beloved but unfortunate favourite of the 
 Queen ; Earl of Southampton, a name dear from his patron- 
 age of Shakspere ; the gallant, generous, witty, and learned 
 Ralegh, whose virtues and accomplishments would have 
 added brilliancy to any brilliant court, spentalmost a life here ; 
 Lady Arabella Stuart ; Sir Thomas Overbury, the victim of 
 one of the vilest transactions that ever disgraced the name 
 of a civilized people ; Earl of Strafford and Archbishop 
 Laud, victims to popular frenzy ; the unfortunate Prince 
 James Duke of Monmouth; and Simon Lord Lovat, and 
 others of the Pretender's friends. In the church of St. 
 Peter ad Vincula, lie the remains of many very distinguished 
 personiiges ; among others, of the lovely Anne Boleyn ; 
 John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester ; the great Sir Thomas 
 More; Queen Katharine Howard ; Queen Elizabeth's Earl of 
 Essex ; and the headless bodies of the Scotch Lords executed 
 in 1747. The Armories (which were visited in 1840 by 
 98,000 persons) contain a great many ancient and foreign 
 arras and armour, which have been taken from or used 
 against the enemy, or have been presents to our princes. 
 The public are much indebted to the care and attention be- 
 stowed in the arrangement and explanation of these interest- 
 ing curiosities, by Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick, in the year 
 1826. The Grand Storehouse was destroyed by fire in 
 1841 ; and many thousand stand of arms lost, besides some
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 165 
 
 of the old and curious military trophies. Among those 
 saved is a large iron chamber gun, of the time of Henry 
 VIII. which was part of the furniture of the Mary Rose, 
 sunk off Spithead, in 1545, and had been just recovered 
 from the wreck and placed in the armory. A beautiful 
 brass gun formerly belonging to the Knights of Malta, 
 with its elegant carved wooded carriage, with some others 
 of much interest, were also saved. The Jewels are be- 
 tween forty and fifty in number, and of great value and 
 beauty. Among them is the ancient imperial crown ; the 
 coronation regalia; the ampulla or golden eagle brought 
 by St. Thomas a Becket from the Abbey of Sens, in France, 
 where it was valued as the actual gift of an angel from 
 heaven; the staff of St. Edward the Confessor, who reigned 
 in 1041 ; the rock ruby worn by Edward the Black Prince ; 
 &c. They were safely secured during the fire which de- 
 stroyed the Armory, and have been since placed in the new 
 Jewel House, 
 
 Tower Royal, was formerly a residence of the Kings. It 
 was afterwards the Queen's wardrobe. 
 
 Trinity Priory, Aldgate, was given by Henry VIII. to 
 Mrs. Cornwallis and her heirs, because she presented him 
 with some fine puddings. It was afterwards the residence of 
 Sir Nicholas Throgmorton, in the time of Elizabeth, who 
 was buried in Cree Church. 
 
 At the corner of Tufton Street and Peter Street, West- 
 minster, resided the notorious Colonel Blood. 
 
 In Turnwheel Lane, Cannon-Street, was Herbert Inn, a 
 mansion which belonged to Edward III. The Earl of Salis- 
 bury, brother to the great Earl of Warwick, lodged here in 
 1458, with 500 men. 
 
 In the vestibule of University College, London, is a mar- 
 ble statue of Locke, by R. Westmacott, which cost 1000. 
 
 On the site of Uxbridge House, Burlington Gardens,
 
 166 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 was Queensberry House, built by Leoni, for the celebrated 
 Duke of Queensberry, in which the poet Gay for many years 
 enjoyed the patronage of the Duke and Duchess of Queens- 
 berry, who here rendezvoused the most brilliant people of 
 the time. Uxbridge House was designed by Vardy, assisted 
 by Joseph Benomi. 
 
 Warwick Lane, Newgate Street, takes its name from the 
 house of the King-making Earl of Warwick ; where it was 
 said as many as six oxen were often eaten at breakfast. At 
 the corner of Newgate Street, is a stone tablet representing 
 the famous Guy Earl of Warwick, with the date 1668. At 
 the Bell Inn, Archbishop Leighton died. The old College 
 of Physicians (now a meat market) built by Sir Christopher 
 Wren. 
 
 In Westminster Abbey fifty monarchs have been 
 crowned. Of the illustrious dead who have memorials here, 
 or have found a resting-place for their ashes, a long list 
 might be made. Some of the principal must be mentioned : 
 William Shak&pere, monument by Scheemakers ; " O rare 
 BenJonson;" Spenser; Chaucer: Butler; Milton; Gray; 
 Prior ; Thomson ; Gay ; Addison ; Dryden ; Cowley ; Dr. 
 Johnson; Goldsmith; Davenant ; and Sheridan, all poets; 
 Mrs. Rowe;Garrick, actor; Casaubon, scholar; Giflford, editor 
 of the Quarterly Review ; Camden, antiquary ; Thomas 
 Parr, ob. aged 1.52 years; Sir Godfrey Kneller, painter; 
 General Paoli; Major Andre, interred here from America, 
 1821 ; Banks, the sculptor ; Dr. Mead ; Sir Isaac Newton ; 
 Lord Stanhope, monument by Rysbrach ; Drs. Arnold, 
 Croft, and Burney, musicians ; Perceval, Pitt, Fox, Grat- 
 tan, Londonderry, and Canning, statesmen; Lord Mans- 
 field, judge ; Jonas Hanway; Lady Nightingale, Roubiliac's 
 chef d'veuvre. Besides these, there are some fine old monu- 
 ments worthy of particular attention. By the altar are those 
 of Sebert, founder; Anne of Cleves; Aymer de Valence,
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 167 
 
 Earl of Pembroke, and his Countess; and Edmund Crouch- 
 back, Earl of Lancaster. In Edward the Confessor's Chapel 
 is an interesting sculptured frieze of the incidents in his 
 life ; the Saint's Shrine, executed by Pietro Cavalini, by 
 order of Henry III. ; the coronation chair, M'ith the stone 
 brought as a trophy from Scotland by Edward L and said 
 to have been Jacob's pillow ; iron sword of Henry I. a part 
 of his shield, and the helmet and shield of Henry V. 
 Henry the Seventh's Chapel, is a fine specimen of the ex- 
 uberantly decorated Pointed style ; the g'ates are of brass, most 
 curiously wrought ; Henry's tomb is a work of great magnifi- 
 cence. Here are also monuments to the mother of Henry 
 VII. ; Queen Elizabeth ; the three infant children of 
 James I. ; Mary Queen of Scots, &c. In the royal vault 
 are the remains of Charles II.; William III.; Queens Mary 
 and Anne; Prince George of Denmark; George II. and his 
 Queen Caroline ; Frederick Prince of Wales and his Prin- 
 cess Augusta ; William Duke of Cumberland ; and several 
 other children of Gearge II. and of Frederick Prince 
 of Wales. In the Jerusalem Chamber died Henry IV. 
 whose death was prophesied to occur in Jerusalem. 
 In the Sanctuary was born Edward V. where his 
 mother had taken refuge. In the Chapter House 
 of the Abbey, the Commons of Great Britain first held their 
 meetings in 1377. It is now used as a depository of Crown 
 records. Among these is the celebrated Domesday Book, 
 in two folio volumes, written on vellum, in the 11 th century. 
 Tlie Records of the Star Chamber proceedings are also here 
 preserved. There is a very curious crypt underneath, where 
 the pix, containing the standards of the Coinage, is kept. 
 
 The first Parliament held in fVestminster Hall after the 
 completion of the extensive repairs by Richard II. was for 
 the deposing of that monarch. 
 
 Among the Masters of the IVestminster School or Col'
 
 168 LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. 
 
 lege, were, Camden, the antiquary ; Doctor Busby, of flog- 
 ging and classical notoriety, who held it upwards of fifty years ; 
 Dr. Markham, afterwards Abp. of York j Dr. Carey, now Bp. 
 of St. Asaph ; and Dr. Vincent, afterwards Dean of West- 
 minster. The great Lord Burghley ; the poets Jonson, Cow- 
 ley, Dryden, Prior, Churchill, and Cowper; Gibbon, the 
 historian; great Earl Mansfield ; many bishops and eminent 
 divines ; the dramatists Colman the elder, and Richard 
 Cumberland; Betterton the actor; Warren Hastings, 
 whose name in gilded letters on the walls of the dormitory, 
 still attests his victory at the age of 14, on the examination 
 for the foundation ; &c. were scholars. 
 
 IVhite Friars obtained many privileges and exemptions 
 from James 1. Becoming a resort of thieves, swindlers, 
 debtors, &c. and the scene of much bloodshed and many 
 quarrels, it obtained the name of Alsatia, and lost all its pe- 
 culiar privileges by Act of Parliament, temp. William III. 
 
 At Whitehall was a house which originally belonged to 
 Hubert de Burgh, Justiciary to Henry HI. and then to the 
 Archbishops of York. On the death of Wolsey, Hen. VIH. 
 seized it, and it became a royal palace till the reign of 
 William III. when, in 1697, the greater part was burnt 
 dovrn.
 
 169 
 
 List of fVork.s consulted. 
 
 1. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster. By 
 John Stowe. Edited by John Strype, M.A. fol. 1754, 6th 
 edit. 
 
 2. A new View of London. By Edward Hatton. 2 vols. 8vo. 
 1708. 
 
 3. Repertorium Ecclesiasticum " Parochiale Londinense ; an 
 Ecclesiastical Parochial History of the Diocese of London. By 
 Richard Newcourt, Notary Publick. 2 vols. fol. 1708. 
 
 4. The Antiquities of London and Westminster. By N. Bailey. 
 12mo. 1734. 
 
 5. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster. By Ro- 
 bert Seymour. 2 vols. fol. 1734. 
 
 6. London and Middlesex Illustrated. By John Warburton, 
 Esq. Somerset Herald. 8vo. 1749. 
 
 7. London and its Environs described. 6 vols. 8vo. 1761. 
 
 8. A new and accurate History and Survey of London, &c. By 
 Rev. John Entick, M.A. 4 vols. 1766. 
 
 9. History of London. By William Maitland, F.R.S. conti- 
 nued to 1772, by Rev. John Entick, M.A. 2 vols. fol. 1772. 
 
 10. A new History of London. By John Noorthouck. 4to. 
 1773. 
 
 11. Some Account of London. By Thomas Pennant. 4to. 
 1791. 
 
 12. The Microcosm of London : or, London in Miniature. 
 
 3 vols. 4to. 
 
 13. The History and Survey of London. By B. Lambert. 
 
 4 vols. 8vo. 1806. 
 
 t
 
 170 WORKS CONSULTED. 
 
 14. London: being an accurate History and Description of the 
 British Metropolis. By David Hughson, LL.D. (Dr. Pugh). 
 6 vols. 8vo. 1806. 
 
 15. Londinium Redivivum, or an ancient history and modern 
 description of London. By James Peller Malcolm. 4 vols. 
 4to. 1802. 
 
 16. Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London during 
 the 18th century. By J. P. Malcolm. 4to. 1808. 
 
 17. Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London from the 
 Roman Invasion to the year 1700. By J. P. Malcolm. 4to. 
 1811. 
 
 18. The History of London and its Environs. By the late Rev. 
 Henry Hunter, D.D. 2 vols. 4to. 1811. 
 
 19. Beauties of England and Wales, vol. x. 4 parts, 1814. 
 
 20. The History and Antiquities of London, Westminster, South- 
 wark, and parts adjacent. By Thomas Allen. 4 vols. 8vo. 
 1827. 
 
 21. Public Edifices of London. By John Britton, F.S.A. and 
 Augustus Pugin, architect. 2 vols. 8vo. 1828. 
 
 22. Londiniana ; or. Reminiscences of the British Metropolis. 
 By Edward Wedlake Brayley, F.S.A. &c. 4 vols. 12mo. 
 1829. 
 
 23. The Original Picture of London. Re-edited by J. Britton, 
 F.S.A. &c. 18mo. 1829. 
 
 24. Allen's Panorama of London. 12mo. 1830. 
 
 25. The History of St. Paul's Cathedral. By Wm. Dugdale. 
 New edition by Henry Ellis, Esq. F.R.S. 4to. 1818. 
 
 26. Westmonasterium : or, the History and Antiquities of the 
 Abbey Church of St. Peter, Westminster. By Mr. John Dart. 
 2 vols, folio. 1723. 
 
 27. The Antiquities of St. Peter's, or the Abbey Church of 
 Westminster. By Jodocus Crull, M.D., F.R.S. 2 vols. 
 8vo. 1742. 
 
 28. An Enquiry into the first Foundation of Westminster Abbey. 
 By Richard Widmore, M.A. 4to. 1743. 
 
 29. The History of the Abbey Church of St. Peter's, Westmin- 
 ster. [By William Coombe.] Ackermann. 2 vols. 4to. 1812.
 
 WORKS CONSULTED. 171 
 
 30. The History and Antiquities of the Abbey Church of St. 
 Peter, Westminster. Illustrated by J. P. Neale ; and described 
 by E. W. Brayley. 2 vols. 4to. 1823. 
 
 31. Some Account of the Collegiate Chapel of St. Stephen, 
 Westminster. By John Topham, Esq. F.R.S. folio, 1795. 
 
 32. Antiquities of the City of Westminster. By John Thomas 
 Smith and John Sidney Hawkins, Esq. F.A.S. 4to. 
 
 33. Historical Notices of the Collegiate Church, or Royal Free 
 Chapel and Sanctuary of St. Martin-le-Grand, &c. By Alfred 
 John Kempe. 8vo. 1825. 
 
 34. History and Antiquities of St. Leonard, Shoreditch. By 
 Henry Ellis. 4to. 1798. 
 
 35. Antique Remains from the Parish Church of St. Martin Out- 
 wich. By Robert Wilkinson. 4to. 1797. 
 
 36. A History of the parish of St. Lawrence Pountney, London. 
 By the Rev. Harry Bristow Wilson, B.D., F.S.A. Rector of the 
 united parishes of St. Mary Aldermary and St. Thomas the 
 Apostle. 4to. 1831. 
 
 37. The History and Antiquities of the Tower of London, with 
 biographical anecdotes, &c. By John Bayley, Esq. F.S.A. 
 2 vols. 4to. 1821. 
 
 38. Historical and Antiquarian Notices of Crosby Hall. By E. J. 
 Carlos, Esq. 12mo. 1832. 
 
 39. An Architectural and Historical Account of Crosby Place 
 London. By Edward L. Blackburn, architect. 8vo. 1 834. 
 
 40. Antiquities of the Inns of Court and Chancery. By W. 
 Herbert. Svo. 1804. 
 
 41. The History of the Twelve Great City Companies of London. 
 By William Herbert, Librarian to the Corporation of London. 
 2 vols. 8vo. 1834. 
 
 42. Some Account of the worshipful Company of Grocers, of the 
 City of London. By John Benjamin Heath, Esq. Svo. 1829.
 
 PRINTED BY J. B. NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLUMENT STREET. 
 
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