CONSTITUTI O N AL 
 CLUB : LIBRARY. 
 
M3D5 
 
 TO 
 
 BENNET WOODCROFT, Esq. F.R.S. 
 
 LATE PEOFESSOE OF MACHINEEY IN THE LONDON UNIVEESITY, 
 ASSISTANT TO THE COMMISSIONEES OP PATENTS, 
 ETC., ETC., ETC. 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 An acquaintance of one quarter of a century 
 emboldens me to inscribe to you my present work 
 relating to Samuel Hartlib^s life and publications. I 
 acknowledge it forms but a small memento of friend- 
 ship, yet it enables me publicly to declare my sincere 
 estimation of your character, and satisfaction that 
 you occupy a government position, in wbicli you are 
 emphatically " the right man in the right place.'' 
 
 As the founder of the Patent Office Museum at 
 South Kensington you have rendered an essential ser- 
 vice to inventors, by fully informing them through its 
 medium in respect to what has been done to effect im- 
 provements in various arts and manufactures ; as well 
 as thereby to encourage and stimulate advancement, by 
 popularising a knowledge of the best and most approved 
 manufactures. We have thus before us in a palpable 
 form the historic page of the progress of our country in 
 
 A 
 
 790 
 
iv DEDICATION. 
 
 those great inventions whicli have mainly contributed 
 to its present commercial wealth and importance. 
 
 What Samuel Hartlib attempted for the advance- 
 ment of Society in a religious and moral point of view, 
 in the seventeenth century, by the establishment of 
 suitable institutions, you, in another department of 
 social progress, have carried to a successful issue at 
 this present time ; and it is therefore my sincere hope 
 that your valuable life will be long spared to enable 
 you to complete, if not to perfect, the scheme you have 
 so ably commenced for the furtherance of national im- 
 provement in those arts that largely conduce to peace, 
 plenty, and civilization. Believe me. 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Your very sincere friend, 
 
 HENRY DIRCKS. 
 
 Blackheath, Kent, 
 January, 1865. 
 
PEEFACE. 
 
 Eeaders conversant with the historic periods of 
 Charles the First, the Commonwealth, and the restora- 
 tion of monarchical government, cannot fail to have met 
 with frequent notices of Samuel Hartlib : a man uni- 
 versally respected during the period in which he 
 flourished, and one whose activity in spreading know- 
 ledge, and whose zeal in doing good, had their influence 
 in mitigating the severe pressure of those terrible 
 times. His biography off'ers one among the too many 
 examples of the wreck, dispersion, and oblivion conse- 
 quent on civil discord ; like a shattered vase or broken 
 statue the precious fragments become with time but 
 more scattered, and less available for reproduction. 
 The monumental gallery left us, after the ravages of 
 civil commotion, afibrds striking evidences of the 
 savagery of war, and its fearfully brutalizing influence. 
 It is amidst the relics of the past that, in peaceftd 
 times, the biographer has to search for some remnants 
 sacred to the noble spirits of a past age, and to select 
 and arrange as best he can the meagre remains that 
 
vi PREFACE. 
 
 reward his dreary labours. But the memory of men 
 like Hartlib,, survives every convulsion, for great and 
 good works, blest with a life beyond life, serve to all 
 time, to influence and stimulate others in following like 
 paths of usefulness. 
 
 It was while engaged on his Life of the Marquis of 
 Worcester, that the author was led to inquire into the 
 merits of a pamphlet published by Samuel Hartlib, 
 being the substance of two letters addressed to him, by 
 a nameless correspondent, respecting his Invention of 
 Engines of Motion. Finding that Henry Lord Herbert, 
 the son of the Marquis, had been in communication with 
 Hartlib, the inquiry was pursued further than had been 
 originally contemplated : which was principally in- 
 creased by a desire to trace the authorship of the 
 pamphlet in question. While this remained doubtful, 
 it seemed not unlikely that the Marquis of Worcester 
 himself, as well as his son, might have been intimate 
 with the universal correspondent. Thus led step by 
 step to secure information at every stage of the inquiry — 
 a mass of interesting matter was accumulated respect- 
 ing Hartlib himself; which it was thought might excite 
 some attention and gratify the modem reader, if ac- 
 companied by a reprint of the scarce pamphlet that 
 had originated the inquiry into his life. 
 
 In a literary point of view it was important to 
 establish the true authorship of the work, and for this 
 we now have its publisher's own statement. Scientifi- 
 
PREFACE. vii 
 
 cally considered it is valuable, seeing that notices 
 of it have (very needlessly) been considered as 
 requisite in tracing the history of the steam engine, to 
 which it has not the most remote relation, and from 
 which it will doubtless, in future, be excluded by all 
 intelligent writers. 
 
 It is a little remarkable that no fuller account of the 
 Life of Samuel Hartlib is to be found than is supplied 
 by the brief compilations in popular biographies, with 
 occasional notices in bibliographical works and maga- 
 zines. Yet in the early portion of the 1 7th century 
 John Evelyn had been solicited to supply necessary 
 information for a biography; and later, Mr. Todd 
 observed in his Life of Milton that it was a desider- 
 atum in our literature. Warton likewise declares that 
 Hartlib deserved well of the public ; and the Eev. 
 Walter Harte, in his Essays on Agriculture, acknow- 
 ledges his great merits. Sir Bgerton Brydges also made 
 an attempt to promote an interest in this inquiry, He 
 is likewise favourably noticed in Tracts on Practical 
 Agriculture and Gardening ; by A Country Gentleman ; 
 8vo. 1768, and in A history of English Gardening, 
 chronologically arranged, 8vo. 1829. And later writers 
 have not been wanting to express the satisfaction which 
 collected information would afford. Mr. James Cross- 
 ley, in editing '^ The Diary and Correspondence of Dr. 
 John Worthington,'' pubHshed by the Chetham Society 
 in 1847, has preserved many of Hartlib's letters, and 
 
viii PREFACE. 
 
 offered many valuable comments ou their contents, 
 together with notices of several of his publications. 
 
 Other materials for a fuller biographical account are 
 to be found among numerous letters in the British 
 Museum. Ayscough^s Catalogue refers to a ^^ Collec- 
 tion of Letters and Papers relating to the embassy of 
 Mr. Pellj Hartlib, Durie, and others to Dantzick, to 
 settle differences in religion/' also Volumes of extracts 
 of Letters addressed to him, and among the rest, '^ A 
 phytological letter," none of which appear in the present 
 work. And the Index to the Additional Manuscripts, 
 1782-1835, affords references to his Petition, Corres- 
 pondence, and account of himself. 
 
 The last volume of the works of the Honourable 
 Robert Boyle, also contains a large collection of letters 
 written to him by Hartlib. 
 
 There is a brief notice of him and his works, 
 by Professor Donaldson, in his excellent Agricultural 
 Biography, 8vo. 1854. Commenting on the profli- 
 gacy of the restored monarchy and Hartlib^s humihat- 
 ing circumstances, he remarks, '^ These are painful 
 reflections, and put to shame every boast of civilized 
 life." 
 
 The present memoir offers only a very brief sketch 
 of the literary and patriotic career of Samuel HartHb, 
 yet it is a much fuller account than any hitherto offered 
 to the public ; and it is quite possible that further re- 
 search may bring to light much interesting information. 
 
PEEFACE. ix 
 
 Indeed^ just at the close of his labours the author has 
 been introduced, through the kind attention of John 
 Wilson, Esq., of Bloomsbury, to Daniel Benham, Esq.,* 
 author of ''^ A Sketch of the Life of J. A. Comenius/' 
 1858, and obhgingly recommended by him to consult 
 Dr. Yaughan's " Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell,'^ 
 2 vols. 8vo. 1838. The former work contains numerous 
 references to Hartlib, who principally influenced the 
 Commonwealth ParHament to invite Comenius to Eng- 
 land ; and whose measures for improving education he 
 earnestly laboured to promote. In one of his manu- 
 scripts Comenius says of Hartlib, — ^'1 don't know his 
 equal in the extent of his knowledge.'' Dr. Vaughan 
 gives the correspondence of the Rev. Dr. John Pell, who 
 frequently alludes to Hartlib, and he is named by him to 
 Sir Samuel Morland, and others ; as also various 
 letters from Hartlib, in which he repeatedly mentions 
 his severe bodily sufferings, being '^ afflicted with three 
 tormenting diseases,^' (5th May, 1658.) But the his- 
 torian is wrong in attributing any inventious to him, 
 for when he speaks of clepsydra, and other inge- 
 nious contrivances, he only records the productions as 
 the works of others, and not his own. A careful 
 perusal of this additional information has satisfied the 
 author that no distinguishing trait of character has 
 been overlooked in his own notice. 
 
 * See " Comenius' School of Infancy, with Sketch of his Life;" 
 by Daniel Benham, post 8vo. 1858. 
 
X PREFACE. 
 
 The bibliographer will feel especial interest in the 
 long account given of Hartlib's numerous publications, 
 which, however imperfect, is the most complete list 
 that has yet been published. 
 
 Among the works mentioned will be found the one en- 
 titled " An Invention of Engines of Motion/^ reprinted 
 at the end of the present work. Of this very scarce 
 pamphlet there are two copies in the British Museum, 
 and its present editor has presented his own copy to the 
 Library of the Eoyal Society. Dr. Vaughan, in his 
 ^^Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell/' 1838, gives the 
 Rev. Dr. John Pell's letter of 27th May, 1658, in which 
 mention is made of Mr. Dymock; and in vol. 2, page 467, 
 there is Mr. Dymock's report on the invention of an 
 invalid's bed. 
 
 Whether for the man of letters or of science, the 
 politician or the theologian, the historian or the bio- 
 grapher, the Hfe of a man like Samuel Hartlib has 
 many rare claims on human intelligence, sympathy, and 
 respect. And whatever may be the failings of the 
 present epitome of Hartlib's immeasurable labours and 
 intellectual efforts, it is with some degree of confidence 
 that the author appeals to the many important facts 
 adduced as alone sufficiently affording abundant life-like 
 characteristics of the subject of the present memoir. 
 
 H. D. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Dedication 
 
 Peeface .... 
 
 LiEE OF Samuel Haetlib 
 Bibliographical Catalogue of his Publica 
 
 TICKS 
 
 Two Lettees feom Ceesst Dtmock 
 blogeaphical notice 
 Eepeint of " Ak Inveis^tion of Engines 
 OF Motion, etc." 
 
 Ill 
 
 V 
 
 1—50 
 
 51—88 
 
 89 
 
 91—100 
 
 101—118 
 
LIFE OF 
 SAMUEL HARTLIB, 
 
 ACCOUNT OF HIS 
 
 PUBLICATIONS, 
 
 AND REPRINT OF 
 
 An Invention of Engines of Motion. 
 
BIOGRAPHTCAL MEMOIR, 
 
 ETC., ETC. 
 
 HE life of a truly good man, distinguished 
 for untiring zeal in promoting public under- 
 takings for the facilitating and extending 
 of learning, as well as for increasing the 
 industrial resources of his country, commands alike 
 our respect and veneration. The incidents, however, of 
 a long career of public and private usefulness are 
 rarely calculated to surprise by stirring scenes of 
 action, or to rivet attention by adventurous story, or 
 a large admixture of lively with serious narrative. 
 But as the character of the scholar and philanthropist 
 possesses its own peculiar gentle attraction, we are led 
 to seek the gratification of being informed respecting 
 the private life, ordinary pursuits, and guiding princi- 
 ples actuating such men, however solitary and secluded 
 may have been their customary habits and predilections. 
 Of the early personal history of Samuel Hartlib, 
 we glean the most interesting portion from a short auto- 
 biographical sketch, written principally, no doubt, for 
 the information of certain persons interested in pro- 
 
2 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 moting measures to obtain for him that patronage and 
 support, which, late in life, he was necessitated to solicit. 
 
 Among the eminent persons of his acquaintance was 
 Dr. John Worthington,* Master of Jesus College, Cam- 
 bridge, and Vice- Chancellor of the University. In a letter 
 written to him on the 3rd of August, J 660, Hartlibf 
 gives the following account of himself and family : — 
 
 " My father was a merchant, but no ordinary one, 
 being the King of Poland his merchant ; who hath 
 founded a church at Pomania in Poland. And when 
 the Jesuits prevailed in that kingdom, he was fain to 
 remove himself into Prussia, where he came to Elbing, 
 where not any house of credit was yet built. But he, 
 with another, Patritius, of Breslaw, in Silesia, built two 
 stately houses, which are yet standing at Elbing, being 
 the principal houses of the town ; the building whereof 
 cost my father many thousands of rix-doUars in those 
 cheap days. Immediately after he erected there Nium- 
 firbing, my grandfather, the Deputy of the English 
 Company at Dantzick, bringing the Company to Elbing ; 
 and so that town by trading came to that splendour 
 and wealth wherein it hath continued these many years. 
 
 " My father had married before two Polonian gentle- 
 
 * The Diary and Correspondence of Dr. J. Worthington, edited 
 by J. Crossley, Esq., Printed for the Chetham Society. Vol. 13, 
 4to, Manchester, 1847. 
 
 t Brit. Mus. Add. MSS. Ex. Legato Joh. Ward, No. 6269. 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLIB. 3 
 
 women, of a noble extraction, both of them being ladies, 
 according to the fashions in those countries ; in regard 
 of which he obtained the sooner his third wife, my 
 own mother. How many sums of gold, and erecting of 
 pillars of honour, both to my grandfather and father, 
 were offered both by Dantzick and Elbing, remains yet 
 in the memory of some very old people in Prussia. 
 
 '* My mother had two sisters, both which were very 
 honourably married ; one to a Lord Mayor's son at 
 London, Mr. Clark ; and afterwards to a very rich knight. 
 Sir Richard Smith, one of the King's Privy Council ; she 
 bringing a portion to him of .£'10,000 sterling. This is 
 my aunt, the Lady Smith, who marrying afterwards to 
 Sir Edward Savage, was made one of the Ladies of 
 Honour to our King's mother. The other sister was 
 married to a younger brother, Mr. Peak ; whose son hath 
 now an estate of .^^SOO sterling of land of inheritance 
 yearly ; and who is still alive. Our cousin-german, or 
 my aunts', the lady Smith's daughter, was married to Sir 
 Anthony Irby, at Boston, a knight of ^£^4,000 or ^5,000 
 sterling a year; who is still alive, and a Parliament Man. 
 
 " But before all this I should have told you, that I 
 have been upbraided for my too much negligence of my 
 pedigree : whereas they told me that my family was of 
 a very ancient extraction in the German Empire ; there 
 having been ten brethren of the name of Hartlib. Some 
 of them have been Privy Counsellers to the Emperor, 
 some to other inferior Princes ; some Syndicks of Aus- 
 
4 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 purg and Norimberg. But they passed afterwards not 
 so strictly for Vedallanta in the Empire, when some 
 turned merchants ; which, you know, is derogatory to 
 the German nobility. 
 
 " I may speak it with a safe conscience, that I never, 
 all the days of my life, reflected seriously upon my pedi- 
 gree ; preferring my heavenly birth above all such vani- 
 ties, and afterwards studying more to this very day, to 
 be useful to God's creatures, and serviceable to his 
 church, than to be rich or honourable. 
 
 " Let it not seem a paradox unto you, if I tell you, as 
 long as I have lived in England, by w^onderful provi- 
 dences, I have spent yearly out of my own betwixt ^3 or 
 J'^OO sterling a year. And when I was brought to public 
 allowances, I have had from the Parliaments and Coun- 
 cils of State a pension of o£*300 sterling a year, which 
 as freely I have spent for their service and the good of 
 many, 
 
 " I could fill whole sheets in what love and reputation 
 I have lived these thirty years* in England; being 
 familiarly acquainted with the best of Archbishops, 
 Bishops, Earls, Yiscounts, Barons, Knights, Esquires, 
 Gentlemen, Ministers, Professors of both Universities, 
 Merchants, and all sorts of learned, or in any kind useful 
 men, &c. And that in all the three kingdoms, under all 
 
 *Tlius dating from 1630, but in his publication, "J. Short 
 Letter, ^^ c&c, 1644, he mentions his acquaintance with Mr. Wood- 
 ward in 1628. 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLIB. 5 
 
 the changes that have fallen out, [I have been] recom- 
 mended before and in Parliaments ; books dedicated 
 unto me from several places and countries, &c. But I 
 grow weary to pursue such vanities." 
 
 It was at a period when the Jesuits prevailed in 
 Poland that Hartlib was obliged to take refuge in 
 Prussia; and, as appears from his own statement, he 
 came over thence into England about or before 1628. 
 We find him in 1633, associated with John Durie, 
 promoting a theological publication, perhaps his earliest 
 connection with the press in this country. Among the 
 State Papers of Charles the First's reign,* is a MS. 
 of one page, dated Heilbron, April j^^ 1633, from Durie 
 to Sir Thomas Eoe, requesting him, among other 
 matters, to assist Mr. Hartlib with a Petition of Divines 
 of those quarters, concerning an edition of a Body 
 of Practical Divinity, gathered out of English authors, 
 a work which will be exceedingly profitable, but will 
 require divers agents, and an exact ordering of the 
 work, for which he considers no one fitter tlian Sir 
 Thomas himself 
 
 Eleven days later, he sent Sir Thomas, by Mr. 
 Hartlib, whose industry he specially recommends, 
 certain political propositions and articles. And a 
 fortnight later, from Frankfort, requests Sir Thomas 
 
 * Cal. of State Papers, D Series, J. Bruce, F.S.A., 1633—1634, 
 8vo, 1863. 
 
6 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 to show his letter to him, to Mr. Hartlib ; and on 
 the 23 May, solicits the same favour in respect of other 
 correspondence. 
 
 On the margin of one of these documents, dated 
 July 20, 1633, occurs the notification of "Mr. Hartlib, 
 a Prussian." 
 
 In 1634 — 5, John Durie continued writing to Sir 
 Thomas Koe in the same strain of confidential intimacy 
 with Mr. Hartlib, who, he says, would send anything to 
 him, which Sir Thomas desired to have communicated 
 in a secret way.* 
 
 The transactions of the following ten years of his 
 life can only be surmised from his letters, and publi- 
 cations of 1639, 1641, and 1642; carrying out an 
 extensive plan of public agency, with the view of 
 promoting the general good of mankind in the most 
 liberal and unprejudiced manner possible. 
 
 Milton, in the year 1644, addressed his essay "Of 
 Education," a closely printed quarto tract of eight pages, 
 " To Master Samuel Hartlib," to whom he writes in the 
 following encomiastic strain : — 
 
 "I am long since persuaded, that to say, or to do 
 aught worth memory and imitation, no purpose or respect 
 should sooner move us, than simply the love of God, 
 and of mankind. Nevertheless, to write now the re- 
 forming of Education, though it be one of the greatest 
 
 * Ibid, 1634—1635, 8vo, 1864. 
 
OP SAMUEL HARTLIB. 7 
 
 and noblest designs that can be thought on, and for 
 the want whereof this nation perishes, I had not yet 
 at this time teen induced, hut at your earnest entreaties 
 and serious conjurements ; as having my mind for the 
 present half diverted in the pursuance of some other 
 assertions, the knowledge and the use of which, can- 
 not but be a great furtherance both to the enlarge- 
 ment of truth and honest living, with much more 
 peace. Nor should the laws of any private friendship 
 have prevailed with me to divide thus, or transpose 
 my former thoughts, but that I see those aims, those 
 actions which have won you with me the esteem of 
 a person sent hither by some good providence from 
 a far country, to be the occasion and incitement of 
 great good to this island. And as I hear, you have 
 obtained the same repute with men of most approved 
 wisdom, and some of highest authority among us. 
 ITot to mention the learned correspondence which you 
 hold in foreign parts, and the extraordinary pains and 
 diligence which you have used in this matter, both 
 here, and beyond the seas; either by the definite 
 will of God so ruling, or the peculiar sway of nature, 
 which also is God's working. Neither can I think 
 that so reputed, and so valued as you are, you would 
 to the forfeit of your own discerning ability, impose 
 upon me an unfit and over ponderous argument; 
 but that the satisfaction which you profess to have 
 received from those incidental discourses which we 
 
8 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 have wandered into, hath pressed and almost con- 
 strained you into a persuasion, that what you require 
 from me in this point, I neither ought, nor can in 
 conscience defer beyond this time, both of so much 
 need at once, and so much opportunity to try what 
 God hath determined. I will not resist, therefore, 
 whatever it is either of divine or human obligation 
 that you lay upon me; but will forthwith set down 
 in writing, as you request me, that voluntary idea 
 which hath long, in silence, presented itself to me, of 
 a better education, in extent and comprehension far 
 more large, and yet of time far shorter, and of attain- 
 ment far more certain, than hath been yet in practice." 
 
 Cromwell's secretary was not likely to employ court 
 flattery, what he said came pure from his heart ; and 
 they were no idle or inconsiderate words, when he 
 expressed his estimation of Hartlib, as to his being 
 " a person sent hither by some good providence from a 
 far country, to be the occasion and incitement of great 
 good to this island." Nor was he mistaken in the 
 opinion thus deliberately and prominently expressed. 
 Although Hartlib could only then have been 16 years 
 in this country, yet his popularity was such that our 
 great poet lauds him as one in "repute with men 
 of most approved wisdom," and as being worthily 
 engaged in "learned correspondence." The fact of 
 Milton's having written his treatise "Of Education," 
 principally at the urgent solicitation of Hartlib, offers a 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLIB. 9 
 
 favourable illustration of the course adopted by him 
 to procure the best possible information on important 
 topics, for public benefit. His zeal was not a feeble 
 and dubious blaze of light, but the heat and fervour of 
 unsophisticated, unquenchable enthusiasm of the rarest 
 and most refined quality. 
 
 In 1644, Samuel Hartlib, was a witness against Laud, 
 as stated in the History of the troubles and trial of 
 Will. Laud.* He was also the same year, jointly with 
 Philip Nye and Thomas Goodwin, concerned in writing 
 An Epistolary Discourse about Toleration.-|- 
 
 Samuel Hartlib's publications amount to two duode- 
 cimos, two octavos, and about twenty-eight quarto trea- 
 tises of various bulk and character, but mostly they are 
 short pamphlets or mere tracts. Many of them have 
 become very scarce, and all possess interest for the 
 historian and bibliographer. 
 
 Of his early friend and associate in several literary 
 matters, John Durie, a Scotchman, who was at Oxford 
 in 1624, Ant. k Wood J says : — 
 
 " For more in relation to the transactions of his life 
 see a letter written by him to his ancient acquaint- 
 ance Sam. Hartlib, Esq., who published it (when Durie 
 fell into the displeasure of the presbyterians for show- 
 ing himself false to them in several respects) with the 
 
 ■^ From a note in Ashmole, by Ant. k Wood. 
 
 t Wood's Ath. Ox. 3rd edition, 4to, 1815, Vol. III., p. 965. 
 
 X Fas. Ox., 3rd edition, Vol. I. 4to, 1815. 
 
10 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 title — "The Unchanged, Constant, and Single-hearted 
 Peacemaker drawn forth into the World ; or, a Vindi- 
 cation of Mr. Joh. Dury from the Aspersions cast upon 
 him in a nameless Pamphlet, called ' The Time-serving 
 Proteus, and ambidexter Divine, uncased to the world ; 
 wherein, &c.,' " in 3 sheets, 4to, 1 650. 
 
 He wrote among other works : — 
 "Seasonable Discourse for Eeformation." 4to. 1649. 
 
 Published by Sam. Hartlib. 
 "The Eeformed School." 12mo. 1650. Published 
 
 by S. Hartlib. And 
 " Supplement to the Eeformed School." 12mo. Pub- 
 lished by Sam. Hartlib. 
 
 One of Hartlib's early publications had reference 
 to ecclesiastical matters, to which, as we learn from his 
 Reformed Spiritual Husbandrnan, he had ever a stronger 
 leaning than to other subjects. 
 
 But industrial arts likewise claimed a considerable 
 share of his attention, as accessories in promoting 
 civilization and the general welfare of society. His 
 several publications in relation to Husbandry, a subject 
 in which he took a lively interest, obtaining for him the 
 favourable opinion of Cromwell, a pension of c£'100 a 
 year was awarded to him, in 1646, as evidenced by 
 the following report of proceedings in Parliament.* 
 
 "25th June, 1646.— Mr. Solicitor, Sir William Walter, 
 
 ■;^ .To. H. Com. 1644-1646, Ch. I. Vol. IV. folio, pp. 587, 588. 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLIB. 11 
 
 Mr. Holland, Sir Arthur Hesilrige, Mr. Wallopp, Mr. 
 Prideau, Dr. Dennis Bond, Sir John D'Avres. 
 
 "This Committee, or any four of them, are to consider 
 of some present maintenance for Mr. Hartlib, who 
 hath done very good service to the Parliament ; and 
 also of some place at Oxford for him, for his future 
 support. 
 
 ''Resolved, (Sec. — That the sum of One Hundred Pounds 
 be forthwith advanced, and paid by the Committee at 
 Goldsmith's Hall, unto Mr. Hartlib, without account, 
 for his present maintenance and subsistance. 
 
 "Resolved, &c. — That the sum of One Hundred Pounds 
 be forthwith advanced, and paid, by the Committee of 
 Lords and Commons sitting at Haberdasher's Hall, for 
 advance of monies unto Mr. Hartlib, without account, 
 out of the first monies that shall come into the said 
 Committee. 
 
 " The Lords' concurrence to be desired herein." 
 
 And the year following his allowance was trebled, 
 when an attempt was again made to obtain for him some 
 suitable position in Oxford. The Eeport of the Parlia- 
 mentary proceedings* states : — 
 
 "31st March, IQ^l .—Ordered. — That the Committee 
 for Advance of Monies, at Haberdasher's Hall, do 
 forthwith pay unto Mr. Hartlib the sum of Three 
 Hundred Pounds, in consideration of his good deserts, 
 
 * Jo. H. of Com. Vol. V. folio, pp. 131, 132, 133. 
 
12 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 and great services to the Parliament: And the Lords 
 and Commons, considering the present great necessities 
 of the said Mr. Hartlib, and his family, do hereby 
 earnestly recommend it to the said Committee, That 
 speedy payment may be made of the said Three Hun- 
 dred Pounds. And the more particular care of this 
 business is especially referred to Mr. Lisle and Mr. 
 Bond. 
 
 Ordered. — That it be referred to the Committee for 
 the University of Oxon, to take into their especial 
 consideration the deserts of Mr. Hartlib, both from this 
 Parliament, and from all that are well-wishers to the 
 advancement of learning: and to recommend him to 
 some place of benefit in the University of Oxon ; where 
 he may have an encouragement, and future supply. 
 
 "2nd April, 1647. — Sir John Clotworthy carried to 
 the Lords the vote for 
 
 Three hundred pounds, out of Haberdasher's Hall, for 
 Mr. Hartlib. 
 
 " And brings Answer, 
 That, to the Order for Three hundred pounds to Mr. 
 Hartlib, out of the Haberdasher's Hall, they do agree." 
 
 On the 27th of November, 1655, Evelyn notes in 
 his Diary* that he went " to visit honest and learned 
 Mr. Hartlib, a public spirited and ingenious person, 
 
 * Diary and Correspondence of John Evelyn, F.R.S., Edited by 
 W. Bray, Esq., F.A.S. 4 vols, post 8vo. 1852. Vol. I. p. 310. 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLIB. 13 
 
 who had promulgated many useful things and arts." 
 He further mentions as a subject of conversation that : 
 "He told me of the castles which they set for orna- 
 ment on their stoves in Germany (he himself being a 
 Lithuanian, as I remember), which are furnished with 
 small ordnance of silver in the battlements, out of 
 which they discharge excellent perfumes about the 
 rooms, charging them with a little powder to set them 
 on fire, and disperse the smoke ; and in truth no more 
 than need ; for their stoves are sufficiently nasty. He 
 told me of an ink that would give a dozen copies, 
 moist sheets of paper being pressed upon it, and remain 
 perfect ; and a receipt how to take off any print 
 without the least injury to the original. This gentle- 
 man was master of innumerable curiosities, and very 
 communicative." 
 
 This shortly noticed interview is very characteristic 
 of Hartlib, for here, as in his correspondence, he is ever 
 giving information in respect to some novelty or other 
 of the day suitable to the taste of his visitor or corres- 
 pondent. 
 
 Evelyn had engaged to write a History of Trades, 
 in which he made slow progress, declaring to the Honour- 
 able Eobert Boyle, August 9, 1659, his finding among 
 other obstacles,, as he says : — " I cannot support, of con- 
 versing with mechanical capricious persons, and [I meet 
 with] several other discouragements." He also remarks, 
 that he has prepared the heads of such a work, " a speci- 
 
14 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 men whereof I have transmitted to Mr. Hartlib, concern- 
 ing the ornaments of gardens, which I have requested 
 him to communicate to you." It was thus that Mr. 
 Hartlib rendered himself serviceable to persons in every 
 sphere, and was in the confidence of men of very different 
 views in their religious and political sentiments. 
 
 In his letters to the Honourable Eobert Boyle, com- 
 mencing 13th of May, 1658, he alludes to his "very 
 great straits, to say nothing of the continual (almost 
 daily) disbursements for others." 
 
 His correspondence, as we learn indeed from his own 
 narrative, was very extensive among the great and 
 learned men of all classes at home and abroad ; as well 
 as with others in a humble sphere of life, if distinguished 
 for more than ordinary talents. Much of this volu- 
 minous correspondence has been fortunately preserved, 
 while only too large a portion has suffered the common 
 fate incident to a disturbed state of society, combined 
 with the ordinary mutability and accidents of time. His 
 letters show that he lived respectively near Angel 
 Court, Charing Cross, some while at Duke's Place, and 
 later at Axe Yard. He does not appear to have had 
 any immediate business, or professional or public 
 engagements; but seems to have wholly devoted his 
 time to making himself acquainted with the literary, 
 scientific, theological, and political information of his 
 day ; by which means he became the centre, as it were, 
 of a large and mixed society, for whom he fulfilled 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLIB. 15 
 
 duties approaching, in many respects, that of a general 
 agent or secretary. He was in himself a kind of 
 imaginary institution, of which he represented the 
 proprietors, council, and all the ofi&cers ; the funds too, 
 being wholly his own. And that this idea is not far 
 from the truth, if not the very governing principle 
 of his conduct, we shall see hereafter. He desired to be 
 all things to all good and needy men ; and to draw the 
 public to engage in like labours of love, tending to the 
 increase and spreading abroad of intelligence, improve- 
 ment, and industry. 
 
 For properly estimating the character and labours 
 of Samuel Hartlib, we must bear in mind the state 
 of society from 1630 to 1660, which comprises the pe- 
 riod of his principal, if not of all his publications. The 
 means then at command for obtaining publicity for any 
 book, commodity, or important matter whatever, was 
 comparatively meagre. Without the patronage of the 
 great, authors and traders alike were at the mercy of a 
 capricious public. Popular literature was indeed in its 
 veriest infancy. It was, therefore, a public boon to have 
 a friend always at hand like Samuel Hartlib, who, 
 appreciating merit, was foremost to promote it by 
 publishing a pamphlet, with his own commendatory 
 dedication, or address, or otherwise ; and not only so, 
 but by afterwards circulating such information among 
 the great and learned of every grade, whether in 
 England or on the Continent. In the course of years 
 
16 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEIVIOIE 
 
 it became obvious that no trickery was contemplated, 
 and that if the projects recommended to public patronage 
 appeared open to some objections among fastidious per- 
 sons, at all events the author, or agent, promulgated his 
 views in perfect sincerity. 
 
 In all these literary labours, Hartlib's publications 
 plainly show that he was rather the caterer for the 
 advantage of the public, than the scholar himself pro- 
 ducing the needful works of useful knowledge. The 
 prefatory matter of his several publications, pretty well 
 explains his motives of action. 
 
 It must be admitted that few of these works would 
 interest the modern reader ; those on Husbandry, Bees, 
 and Silkworms having long since been superseded ; but 
 the case was quite different in the middle of the seven- 
 teenth century, and we are not to despise the scaffold- 
 ing by means of which the superstructure of modern 
 sciences and improvements has been raised to its present 
 magnitude. 
 
 From a bibliographical sketch of publications bearing 
 Samuel Hartlib's name, appended to the present memoir, 
 the reader will be enabled to form an opinion of their 
 nature and character. Of these, "An Invention of En- 
 gines of Motion" has been reprinted in extenso in the 
 present volume, and will serve as a singular example 
 of the humble state of mechanical information in 1G52. 
 
 In 1641, Hartlib had published "A Description of the 
 famous Kingdom of Macaria" on the models of the 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLTB. 17 
 
 Utopia of Sir Thomas More, and the Atlantis of Lord 
 Bacon. Alluding to this fiction in a letter addressed to 
 Dr. Worthington, dated Jan. 30, 1659, he casually ob- 
 serves : — " I hope that Macaeia will have a more visible 
 form before " certain political matters named, " and then 
 he shall need none other additional patronage." 
 
 This remark has reference to a proposed institution, 
 on which Mr. Crossley notes : "Macaria (from naKapiog, 
 blessed or happy) was the name of an intended society, 
 the establishment of which, Hartlib appears to have 
 been confidently expecting at this period. It was to 
 unite the great, the wealthy, the religious, and the 
 philosophical, and to form a common centre for assist- 
 ing and promoting all undertakings in the support 
 of which mankind was interested." He earnestly 
 endeavoured to organise the proposed project, and 
 truly "he lived in the magnificent scheme which his 
 ardent philanthropy had planned." 
 
 Writing to the Honourable Eobert Boyle he inci- 
 dentally remarks on the same subject: — "The truth 
 is, I design all such and the like works or tracts 
 (named in his letter) to be printed upon the charges 
 of Macaria, whose scope it is most professedly to 
 propagate religion and to endeavour the reformation 
 of the whole world. But it is scarce one day (or 
 one hour in the day,) or night, being brim full with 
 all manner of objects of that most public and universal 
 nature, but my soul is crying out : — 
 
 c 
 
18 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 * Phosphore redde diem quid gaudia nostra moraris, 
 Phospliore redde diem ! ' " 
 
 In editing Dr. Worthington's Diary, Mr. Crossley 
 is led to observe respecting Hartlib, (who in a letter 
 dated July 20, 1659, refers to some printed discourse 
 whicli lie designates " very lovely and desirable,") that 
 it was " doubtless, one which Hartlib had very much 
 at heart, some proposal or model for the establishment 
 of a philosophical college ; for at the time, projects of 
 this kind were very generally entertained." Evelyn 
 suggested forming a private society of this sort, a 
 desideratum to which constant reference is made 
 throughout Hartlib's correspondence.* 
 
 Hartlib projected likewise the plan of a Philosophical 
 College to be designated Antlantis, of which he gives an 
 account in — " A Memorial for Advancement of Universal 
 Learning." Tor this object it was made public that "Mr. 
 John Dury, library keeper of St. James's, and Samuel 
 Hartlib, Esq., have accepted the trust of receiving and 
 disposing such sums of money, as well affected persons 
 and lovers of the public good shall be pleased to give." 
 This seems to have had attached to it the names of sub- 
 scribers approving " these pious and noble aims." But 
 
 * Forty years later appeared " Proposals for raising a Colledge- 
 of Industry of all useful Trades and Husbandry, with profit for 
 the rich, and a plentiful Hving for the Poor." By John Bellers. 
 Pp. 28. 4to. 1696. 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLIB. 19 
 
 nothing came of the proposal, which probably did not 
 meet with sufficient support to carry out so large a 
 design* 
 
 His correspondence with Mr. Boyle, so far as we learn 
 from published letters, between November 16th, 1647, 
 and April 19th, 1659 (a period of 12 years), comprises 
 a large miscellany about personal matters, and eminent 
 men engaged in different pursuits, mingled with obser- 
 vations on topics which could only interest Hartlib 
 from ^their gratifying Boyle. Take, for example, such 
 subjects as pneumatic experiments, medical matters, che- 
 mical discoveries, insects, malt-drying, colours, Becker's 
 and also Kuffler's Inventions, &c. 
 
 But while launching out into these particulars, which 
 may be considered quite extraneous, his heart was set 
 on religion, learning, and the public weal. In 1647, he 
 wrote to Mr. Boyle concerning : — " The office of com- 
 munications (which he says) is to follow very shortly, 
 God willing, especially in reference to universal learn- 
 ing." And pleasantly concludes : — " I am more than 
 resolved to- continue in this kind of folly to serve the 
 good of many." 
 
 He was at that time endeavouring to have Mr. Petty,f 
 
 * See Add. MSS. Brit. Mus. Ex. Leg. J. Ward, No. 6271. 
 
 t Afterwards Dr. Petty, and later Sir WiUiam Petty. See 
 Hartlib's publication of his letter— W. P. in the list of his 
 pamphlets. 
 
20 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 then 24 years of age, promoted to a situation, either 
 connected with the proposed " Office of Communications," 
 or elsewhere. It would appear that an attempt had 
 been made to establish such an Institution at Vauxhall, 
 but the property there w^as pre-engaged. On the 24th 
 of July 1649, therefore he writes to inform Mr. Boyle: — 
 " As for Vauxhall, there is a proviso put into the Act, 
 that it shall not be sold. My endeavours are now, how 
 Mr. Petty may be set apart or encouraged for the 
 advancement of experimental and mechanical knowledge 
 in Gresham College at London, of which you shall have 
 true account also." 
 
 Some writers have expressed surprise that Doctor 
 Sprat does not name Hartlib in connection with the 
 establishing of the Eoyal Society, founded in 1660. It 
 is very doubtful, however, whether he was ever connected 
 with it, or was even remotely concerned in suggesting 
 its early meetings, being nothing of an experimentalist, 
 and a very unlikely person to have any original views 
 on the subjects discussed even at the earliest meetings 
 of the society. His correspondence with its several 
 members does not confirm the supposition that it was 
 organised on any plan of his suggesting ; and, assuming 
 the contrary, his own silence on the subject is the more 
 remarkable, for success was not the crowning feature of 
 the many benevolent schemes he suggested, although on 
 the other hand, much is due to his untiring energy in 
 keeping alive the designs he had in view, and inciting 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLIB. 21 
 
 in others the same ambition to cany them into eifect 
 under more favourable circumstances, even after his own 
 career of usefulness should be brought to a close. He 
 was content to be the sower, confidently believing that 
 all would not fall on stony ground. 
 
 We are too apt to imagine, when we do not per- 
 ceive immediate and brilliant results following any 
 new course of action, that nothing has been effected, 
 and to condemn the whole business as a failure. But 
 in Hartlib's case we must not lose sight of the fact 
 that he stood almost alone in his attempts to ameliorate 
 the condition of society. In his latter years he lived in 
 a metropolis where the Court set the worst possible 
 example in morals. His religious views were, there- 
 fore, countenanced by comparatively few, and yet reli- 
 gion was his chief aim. He endeavoured during 
 the Commonwealth to introduce improved systems in 
 scholastic education, but although aided by the power- 
 ful assistance of the master-mind of Milton, he failed 
 to establish a new system of schools or of Colleges. 
 In Husbandry he succeeded better, and patronised by 
 the Protector, he at least earned a livelihood and 
 obtained means to enlarge his bountiful designs. But 
 after all, even in this department of acknowledged 
 utility, he never received any accession of strength ; 
 all that was effected being due to his own humble 
 yet energetic efforts. The government and the public 
 were alike apathetic to his schemes for benefiting 
 
22 A BIOGEAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 mankind, and he could only have been sustained through- 
 out so long a period of his life by the sincerity, earnest- 
 ness, and thorough purity of his zeal, in the prosecu- 
 tion of so many and such multitudinous attempts to 
 better the moral and intellectual condition of society at 
 large. 
 
 Samuel Hartlib had to pay the penalty of the fame 
 he acquired through his numerous publications and his 
 various projects and undertakings, by being made the 
 subject of satire. A pamphlet came out in 1660, under 
 the title of — 
 
 " Olbia :* The new Island lately discovered; with its 
 Eeligion and Eites of Worship ; Laws, Customs, and 
 Government ; Characters and Language ; with Educa- 
 tion of their Children in their Sciences, Arts, and 
 Manufactures ; with other things remarkable. 
 
 "By a Christian Pilgrim, driven by Tempest from 
 Civita Vecchia, or some other parts about Eome ; 
 through the Straits, into the Atlantick Ocean. The 
 first part. From the original. For Samuel Hartlib, in 
 Ax- Yard, Westminster, and John Bartlet, of the Guilt- 
 Cup near Austin's-Gate, London ; and in Westminster 
 Hall." 4to, 380 pages. The second part was never 
 published. 
 
 In a letter dated Dec. 17, 1660, which Hartlib wrote to 
 
 * In Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual, and also in the last 
 edition of the same, Olhia is mistakenly named as one of HartHb's 
 own publications. 
 
OF SAMUEL HAKTLIB. 23 
 
 Dr. Wortliington, he enquires : — " But have you seen a 
 certain anonymous book in 4to called Olhia ? I confess 
 I was not well pleased, seeing the book directed to my 
 name as it is. They say it reflects upon me as if I were 
 a refined Quaker, or a fanatick ; insomuch that I was 
 almost resolved to give public notice of my dissatisfac- 
 tion, nor could I guess at the author of the said book." 
 He however, suspected John Sadler to be the party con- 
 cerned, of whom see a notice by Mr. Crossley, Camden 
 Society's Publications, 4to, Vol. XIIL p. 252. 
 
 Dr. Worthington, in a letter of the II th of March, 
 1660, says: — "I thank you for Olbia, which as yet 
 I have not time to read through." On the first of 
 April, 1661, he enquires :— "Is the second part of Olbia 
 like to come out shortly ? " And observes : — " The 
 design promises much variety." Hartlib replied the 
 next day : — " I hear notliing yet of Olbia's second part. 
 I sent also a copy to Mr. Beal, of the first part, who 
 answers : — ' I dare not pass a hasty judgment upon 
 such a mass of weighty particulars, but I do in Olbia 
 find many such profound rests for my spirit, as I never 
 could obtain by other readings or studies.' " Mr. Beal 
 proceeds in the same spirit of kindly recommendation 
 of this rhapsodical production. Dr. Worthington. writ- 
 ing again on the 1 9th of April, enquires whether Mr. 
 Beal has read "Dr. More's late Book of Christian 
 Eeligion," probably from supposing the author's sera- 
 phic mysteries would suit his taste for the enigmatical. 
 
24 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 On the 17th of Dec. 1660, Hartlib had expressed 
 his own opinion of Olbia very plainly, confessing his 
 chagrin on seeing it. And well he might on reading 
 such a farrago of learned nonsense. But the first 
 perusal of it seems actually to have perplexed Dr. 
 Worthington as well as Mr. Beal, the former speaking 
 but hesitatingly and doubtingly about this spasmodi- 
 cally written performance. It consists of 15 leaves 
 without paging, printed in large type, in double 
 columns, except a poetical rhapsody at the end, on 
 two pages and a half. It is a wild burlesque, which 
 reads like heads for a strange cabalistic but extremely 
 incoherent discourse. The last paragraph runs : — 
 " Some of the Hymns, that could be taken, but abrupt, 
 and lost by translation, seemed thus : — 
 
 * Divine Sophia ! though I sprawl in clay ; 
 Yet thou art neer ally'd : and for a day 
 Of wo, made of Woman. 
 
 ***** 
 
 'Tis little love, to love our like, or friend ; 
 And less, to love our lovely ; Fair and Pride; 
 All sinners may do this, and hypocrites.' " 
 
 Mr. Beal's serious treatment of such a production 
 reminds one of an instance of similar credence given to 
 Gulliver's Travels. The very title-page of Olbia is 
 sufficient to stamp it as a mere satire ; Wodenothe, one 
 oi' Hartlib's publishers, had for his sign the " Golden 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLIB. 25 
 
 Heart," which is quizzed by the imaginary sign of the 
 " Guilt-Cup," perhaps punning on " Gilt-Cup." 
 
 Writing about his books, in a letter to Dr. Wor- 
 thington, 22nd [N'ov. 1(561, he says : — " If Petroeus call 
 upon me (or upon any other occasions) I shall not fail, 
 God willing, to enquire whether Josephus be in the 
 press or at Leyden. It is likely they are acquainted 
 with Cocceius, Nisselius, and Elzevir ; but to look into 
 my catalogue of books printed in Holland is no more 
 in my power, the wretched man (where all my books 
 stood) having suffered (with a world of other MSS.) 
 distraction [destruction?] or embezzlement, so that I 
 cannot as yet tell what is remaining or not, the cata- 
 logues themselves being lost or made away." 
 
 On this event Mr. Crossley, as editor of Dr. Wor- 
 thington's Diary, remarks : — 
 
 ''Hartlib was particularly unfortunate in this respect. 
 A fire afterwards occurred, as he mentions in a subse- 
 quent letter, from which his papers and MSS. received 
 great damage. Had the whole of his MS. collection 
 and Correspondence been preserved entire, they would 
 have formed an admirable foundation for the Literary 
 and Philosophical History of England in the middle 
 of the seventeenth century." 
 
 In the Addenda to Pepys's Diary (VoL V., p. 221,) 
 the noble editor states that : — " Nan Hartlib was sister 
 to Samuel Hartlib." 
 
 Pepys mentions this lady in his Diary on the 10th 
 
26 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 of July, 1660, remarking : — "This day I put on my 
 new silk suit, the first that ever I wore in my life. 
 Home, and called my wife, and took her to Clodius's 
 to a great wedding of Nan Hartlib to Mynheer Eoder, 
 which was kept at Goring House with very great state, 
 cost, and noble company. But among all the beauties 
 there, my wife was thought the greatest." 
 
 Pepys's next visit to Goring House, was six years 
 later, when it became the residence of Lord Arlington. 
 He observes that it was the house " where I was once 
 at Hartlib's sister's wedding." — Vol. III. p. 235. 
 
 About the middle of the year 1658, Hartlib was a 
 complete martyr to disease and the further punish- 
 ment of quacks : for the knowledge of medicine was 
 then at a low ebb, and the strongest and most violent 
 remedies were recommended for the alleviation of the ills 
 of suffering humanity. His letters to Boyle are full of 
 expressions such as an afflicted Christian could alone 
 indite or dictate. On the 25th of April 1658, he 
 writes : — " I may truly say, even in an outward sense, 
 * I die daily.' . These three days I have been near unto 
 death." On the 26th of May he recovers a little : — 
 " since my last the fury of my pains have very much 
 abated." But on the 8th of June comes : — " my body 
 is still full of pains, though not so violent." 
 
 His immediate necessities, it would appear, obliged 
 him to make appeals to his friends for present support, 
 pending the non-payment of his pension. 
 
OP SAMUEL HARTLIB. 27 
 
 In the Diary and Correspondence of Dr. Worthington 
 we find the following entry : — 
 
 "Given to Mr. Hartlib anno 1659, by 
 Dr. Whichcote 2 Mr. More ..100 
 Dr. Wilkins . 1 10 Mr. S. Cradock 10 
 Dr. Cudworth 10 Mr. Marsh, &c. 2 
 Dr. Worthington 1 10 
 
 10 lib. 
 Given by me 1660, 1 Hb. " 
 
 And on the 11th of Jan. 1661, Hartlib writes: — 
 "I was surprised on Saturday last, with a gift of 61. 
 procured by Mr. Patrick, of Battersea, which the good 
 man Dr. Whichcote was pleased to deliver unto me." 
 
 The following unaddressed letter, from an unpub- 
 lished MS. in the author's possession, is here given as 
 affording a fair example of the interest always evinced 
 by the writer in the several matters that engaged the 
 attention of his correspondents ; and of his desire and 
 efforts to give publicity to all new or worthy designs. 
 The letter derives a further interest from its having an 
 excellent autograph attached. 
 
 " Much honoured Sir, 
 
 " I had a letter of June 15, from our worthy 
 friend in these words : — ' Your last was short but sweet, 
 and. very much obliging, bringing me the comfort of 
 Mr. Evelyn's hearty endeavours to recover me for the 
 Hospital, of which I have lately given acknowledgments 
 in some that I now fear are miscarried ; for you make 
 
28 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 no mention of them in these or the former. They 
 contained 2 Sheets of Colours, with relations to Mr. 
 Worsley. As bad as they were, I shall be loath to 
 lose them. I must now be the more earnestly trouble- 
 some to my friends for the Hospital be[cause] I hear 
 that other eyes are upon it, and some competitors. If 
 the grant should be from the Parliament] or from the 
 Great Seal I think there should be also a Warrant or 
 Order to the High Sheriffe to give possession. If it 
 must pass by the Great Seal ; or that, otherwise, ready 
 money must be provided, I shall appoint it to be in 
 readiness in the hands of my sister Beale or of Mr. 
 Eichard Shermyne.' 
 
 '•'You will excuse this freedom on the behalf of so 
 worthy a friend. Nor had I sent perhaps these lines 
 but that I read in a printed pamphlet, come forth 
 yesterday, called — 'An Exact account, Wednesday 20 
 June. The House approved of Dr. Nicholas to be 
 Governor of St. Nicholas Hospital in Bristol ; ' for it 
 may be you have not heard of this passage, by 
 which it seems it would be seasonable to move also 
 for Mr. Beale's desired Hospital. Here you have the 
 copy of Mr. Worsley's letter of Colours, which wag 
 sent to Mr. Beale, and which he answered in 2 
 Sheets. It is not yet even to my hands, which I confess 
 doth discompose me not a little. But if I yet receive it, 
 I suppose I shall not forget to impart it as readily as I 
 do now that of Mr. Worsley's. 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLIB. 29 
 
 " I hope also I shall be able to give you a further 
 account of the secret Society (so much desired after), 
 a prime Member that hath been with his Maj[esty] 
 being yesterday safely arrived. For I am upon all 
 occasions assuredly, 
 
 Much honoured Sir, 
 
 Yours truly respect[ful]. 
 
 And most faithful Servant, 
 
 Axe-Yard, June 23, 1660." 
 
 / J^^^^yttiX. 
 
 Keen necessity obliged him in his uttermost ex- 
 tremity, afflicted by severe sickness, oppressed by many 
 debts, and advanced in age, to petition Parliament the 
 first year of the Eestoration. It would appear as though 
 he had written to the nobility and others to seek their 
 patronage in the effort he was making, and among 
 others to Henry, Lord Herbert, son of the great Marquis 
 of Worcester, author of that curious production "The 
 Century of Inventions." His letter is dated 22nd of 
 November, 1660* and runs thus : — 
 
 * Dr. White Kennet's Register and Chronicle Ecclesiastical and 
 Civil : containing matters of fact, delivered in the words of the most 
 authentick books, papers, and records ; digested in exact order of 
 time. Faithfully taken from the MS. collections of the Lord 
 Bishop of Chester. 2 vols, folio. 1728. Vol. I. p. 871. 
 
30 A BIOGEAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 " My most honoured Lord, 
 
 I have been very ill of late, and by manifold 
 miseries so far oppressed, that I could not send this 
 week my wonted paper respects. Lord Annesley was 
 pleased some months ago to honour me with a visit, 
 having an intimation of my forsaken condition. He 
 was pleased to tell me, I sinned, if I did not make my 
 condition known. I confess this is a very hard duty to 
 be performed, which also I have deferred to this day. 
 But necessity being so urgent (& liter ce non eruhescunt) 
 I beseech your honour give me leave to intimate very 
 briefly my present most distressed and forsaken 
 condition. I suppose your honour is not ignorant of 
 the votes that have passed concerning gifts, pensions, 
 debts, allowed or contracted by the former powers, that 
 all of them are made void by this Parliament. Also 
 that no motion is to be made concerning money-matters 
 'till the debts of the army and navy be first satisfied. 
 Both these votes fall most heavily upon your Honour's 
 tormented servant : so that he hath nothing to expect of 
 all his arrears which (amounting to seven hundred 
 pounds), would have fully freed him from all his debts^ 
 and given him a present comfortable subsistence, nor 
 of his yearly pension settled upon him by the first 
 parliament consisting of Lords and Commons. I have 
 nothing therefore left to keep me alive, with two 
 relations more, a daughter and a nephew, who is 
 attending my sick condition. You see, most honoured 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLIB. 31 
 
 Lord, liow I am necessitated to make my humble and 
 hopeful application to your so often experimented 
 kindness, that your honour would not leave nor forsake 
 me at this time, but rather enlarge the bowels of 
 your love by joining with some other honourable 
 worthies (I mean chiefly the Eight Honourable Earl of 
 Manchester, and the forenamed, Lord Annesley) to 
 make up such an assistance, as may save your and their 
 most devoted servant from utter perishing, 'till some 
 other means of public love and encouragement may be 
 (if it may be) determined. I durst not have expressed 
 myself so boldly, but that I know your honour hath 
 been always a person of solid honour and faithfulness 
 unto me, and that I really believe, that when the time 
 of refreshing shall come, such deeds of compassion will 
 certainly be honoured and rewarded with exceeding 
 
 joy." 
 
 The letter affords much interesting information. We 
 find that the Parliament of the Commonwealth had 
 suffered Hartlib's pension to remain unpaid for twa 
 or more years ; and it is not probable that under the 
 new order of things he would have any chance of 
 recovering his claim. Indeed he must have keenly 
 felt, that notwithstanding his unblemished character, 
 the violence of political partizans was such, as ta 
 promise him small hope of success in the principal 
 object of his petition. It is a lamentable plaint of 
 his, " my present most distressed and forsaken condition." 
 
32 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 He was, we find, a widower, then having charge of the 
 support of two relatives, one daughter and a nephew. 
 He who had been a father to the fatherless, and the 
 warm hearted friend of hundreds in their keen neces- 
 sities, entreats one who is almost a stranger, yet who 
 has often relieved him formerly, to "enlarge the bowels 
 of his love" towards him. 
 
 It was probably not long after this occurrence that 
 the following petition was submitted by him : — 
 
 " To the Right Honourable the Commons of 
 England assembled in Parliament. The 
 humble Petition of Samuel Hartlib, Sen* 
 " Sheweth — 
 
 " That your Petitioner, ever since he came 
 into this kingdom, hath set himself apart to serve his 
 generation in the best objects : — 
 
 "First, by erecting a little academic for the education 
 of the gentrie of this nation, to advance pietie, learn- 
 ing, moralitie, and other exercises of Industrie, not 
 usual then in common schools. 
 
 " Secondly, by giving entertainment, and becoming a 
 solicitor for the godly ministers and scholars, who 
 were driven in those days out of the Palatinate, and 
 other Protestant Churches then laid waste. By which 
 means, — 
 
 * Brit. Mus. Add. MSS. Nos. 6269 and 6271. Also Rennet's 
 Regis, and Chron. Folio, 1728, p. 872. 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLIB. 33 
 
 ^^ In tlie third place^ your Petitioner found an oppor- 
 tunitie to maintaine a religious^ learned^ and charitable 
 correspondence with the chief of note in forraine parts; 
 which^ for the space of thirty years and upwards, he 
 hath managed for the good of this nation, as well in 
 civill as ecclesiastical concernments (as is well known 
 to most of the leading men of all parties), by procuring 
 unto them, — 
 
 '^1. Eare collections of manuscripts in all the parts 
 of learning; which yonr Petitioner freely hath im- 
 parted, transcribed, printed, and sent to such as were 
 most capable of making use of them. 
 
 ^^ 2. The best experiments of indiistrie practised in 
 husbandrie and manufactures ; tending to the good of 
 this nation ; which, by printing, he hath published for 
 the benefit of this age, and of posterity. 
 
 "3. A constant relief, according to his ability or 
 address, for poore distressed schollars, both of this nation 
 and of forreigners, who wanted emplojrment ; to recom- 
 mend them to such as could make use of their service. 
 
 '^ 4i. A constant intelligence in matters of pietie, 
 virtue, and learning, both at home and abroad, with 
 those that were best able to concur therein, for the 
 good of mankind in all respects. 
 
 '^Now, your Petitioner having continued in this 
 course of life for the space of thirty years and upwards 
 (without partiality, serving all publick and ingenious 
 spirits indifferently), and in these great and strange 
 
 D 
 
34 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 revolutions being destitute of support to continue tMs 
 kinde of negotiation ; and in his old and sickly age to 
 maintaine himself and his family; for the relief of 
 which^ and his agency, he hath been forced to contract 
 debts, which in the end will sinke him, except some 
 favourable aspect be shewed unto your Petitioner from 
 your Honours, as the patrons of pietie and learning. 
 
 '^ May it, therefore, please your Honours, in con- 
 sideration of the premises, to take your humble 
 Petitioner into your favourable consideration, 
 that he may finde from your goodness and 
 bountie some relief in this his distressed con- 
 dition, by being freed from his debts, and put 
 in a capacitie to continue his service to the 
 publick, to advance in his generation the best 
 objects for the use of mankind in all kinds. 
 
 '^ And your Petitioner, &c.^' 
 
 It has never transpired what came of this application. 
 But it is sufficient to know that money was scarce, 
 being wanted for the army, the navy, the government, 
 and not least for a luxurious Monarch's unbridled 
 pleasures, and there is not much reason to believe 
 that he who had dedicated his works to Cromwell 
 and the Parhament, and for some twelve years 
 or more enjoyed a pension in acknowledgment of 
 his public services, was likely to obtain a favourable 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLIB. 35 
 
 hearmg_, in preference to more assured friends of the 
 new government^ who were seeking some amelioration 
 of as many or more years of acute suffering. Hartlib's 
 claim, as compared to that of hundreds of i*eturned exiles, 
 must have appeared trifling indeed to cool calculating 
 politicians, disposed to no conciliatoi^y view of the events 
 and supporters of the Commonwealth. 
 
 Hartlib's simple and confiding nature is but too well 
 illustrated by the unfortunate result of his improvident 
 liberality. ITie Commonwealth having allowed his 
 salary to fall into arrear, it was not until after two 
 years' income remained due to him, that he became 
 fully alive to his precarious situation. At the close of 
 1659, public subscriptions were raised for his support, 
 which had to be repeated in 1660, by which time his 
 circumstances had become so desperate that he left no 
 means untried to obtain some small relief from old 
 familiar correspondents and from persons of quality 
 with whom his connection was but slender. Nothing 
 can be more lamentable than the necessitous condition 
 of one who has manfully played the part of a public 
 servant for a long series of years by acknowledged 
 beneficent actions. At the same time we are naturally 
 perplexed to understand how a man of such acute 
 observation, enlarged experience, and not wholly un- 
 possessed of business habits, should have been so short- 
 sighted as to make no provision whatever for the future, 
 and to expend his entire means in public services, without 
 
 D 2 
 
8G A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 any assurance that, when the day should come in which 
 man cannot work, he would have the means of common 
 livelihood. Self-protection is so implanted in our 
 nature, that, however we may admire the sacrifice, we 
 cannot but deplore the result in the case of this martjrr 
 to humanity ; who finding friends and bread for many, 
 came at last to the sad necessity of himself soliciting 
 the cold hand of charity. 
 
 Samuel Pepys notes in his Diary* of the 7th of 
 August, 1660: — "While I was at dinner in came 
 Samuel Hartlib and his brother-in-law, now knighted 
 by the King, to request my promise of a ship for them 
 to Holland, which I had promised to get for them.'' 
 Later the same day he remarks : — " At night, meeting 
 Samuel Hartlib, he took me by coach to Kensington, 
 to my Lord of Holland's ; I staid in the coach while he 
 went about his business." 
 
 That Hartlib did not accompany his brother-in-law 
 to Holland, we may infer from the next entry in the 
 same Diary on the 23rd of February, 1660-61. " This 
 my birthday, 28 years. Mr. Hartlib told me how my 
 Lord Chancellor had lately got the Duke of York and 
 Duchesse, and her woman, my Lord Ossory, and a 
 Doctor, to make oath before most of the Judges of the 
 
 * Diary and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys, F.E.S. With 
 a Life and Notes by Richard Lord Brayhrooke. 3rd edition. 
 5 vols, post 8vo. 1848. Vol. I. p. 126. 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLIB. 37 
 
 kingdom, concerning all tlie circ urn stances of their 
 marriage/' 
 
 William Wotton, wrote to Evelyn from Milton, on 
 tlie 13tli of August, 1703, making inquiry among other 
 matters for — ^' An account of Mr. Hartlib : what coun- 
 tryman? What his employment? in short, a short 
 eulogy of him, and his writings and designs, with an 
 account of the time of his death.'' 
 
 On the 12th of September, 1703, Evelyn repHed :— 
 ^' Mr. Hartlib was, I think, a Lithuanian, who coming 
 for refuge hither to avoid the persecution in his country, 
 with much industry recommended himself to many 
 charitable persons, and among the rest to Mr. Boyle, 
 by communicating to them many secrets in chemistry, 
 and improvements in agriculture, and other useful novel- 
 ties ; by his general correspondence abroad ; of which 
 he has pubHshed several treatises. Besides this, he was 
 not unlearned; zealous and religious; with so much 
 latitude as easily recommended him to the godly party 
 then governing, among whom (as well as Mr. Boyle 
 and many others, who used to pity and cherish 
 strangers) he found no small subsistence during his 
 exile. I had very many letters from him. Claudius, 
 whom you next inquire after, was his son-in-law, a pro- 
 fessed adeptus, who by the same methodus mendicandij 
 and pretence of extraordinary arcana, insinuated him- 
 self into acquaintance of his father-in-law : but when or 
 where either of them died (though I think poor Hart- 
 
38 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 lib's was of the stone), or wliat became of them, I 
 
 cannot tell: though I conjectm*e it was whilst he 
 
 resided at Oxford, after his return from travel, where 
 there was then a famous assemblage of virtuosi : Drs. 
 Bathurst of Trinity, Dickenson of Merton, Wren, now 
 Sir Christopher, Scarburgh, Seth Ward (afterwards 
 Bishop of Sarum), and especially Dr, Wilkins (since 
 Bishop of Chester), the head of Wadham College, 
 where these and other ingenious persons used to meet 
 to promote the study of the new philosophy, which has 
 since obtained/' 
 
 It is rather remarkable that in writing to Dr. Wor- 
 thington on the 14th of February, 1661-2, Hartlib almost 
 prophetically observes ; — " This may be the last of mine 
 for aught I know/' And strangely enough his corres- 
 pondence, long and agreeably maintained, thus abruptly 
 terminated ; no answer appearing to have been sent to 
 the Doctor's later letter to him, nor any mention being 
 made in his diary of any circumstance to account for 
 Hartlib's silence. 
 
 Among the records of the State Paper Office relating 
 to Charles II.'s reign,* we find a MS. under date 
 April 9, 1662, (two months later than the letter to Dr. 
 Worthington), addressed by Samuel Hartlib to Secre- 
 tary Nicholas, stating that Kobert Shaw is to be the 
 
 * Cal. of State Papers, D. Series, 1661.62. Mary A. E. 
 Oreen. 8vo. 1861. 
 
OF SAMUEL HAKTLIB. 39 
 
 name inserted in tlie Warrant for £1000 for special 
 service, of wliicli Sir Jolm Morley liad spoken to him, 
 being a permit to transport certain foreign coin free of 
 duty. 
 
 This is the latest evidence we have of his being 
 alive ; so that, all circumstances taken together, it is 
 probable that his mortal career suddenly closed in 1662. 
 He had long been a patient martyr to excruciating 
 bodily suffering, and had endured more than four years 
 of distressing poverty : the result of what may be 
 called improvident liberality, expending all his means 
 with uncalculating generosity, while his only source of 
 income was dependent on the stability of a new system 
 of government, against the contingencies of which it 
 never appears to have formed any part of his plans to 
 make provision for a day of adversity. The Parlia- 
 ment of the Commonwealth allowing his pension to 
 become in arrear to the amount of £700, he found 
 himself at the Restoration heavily burdened with debt. 
 Greater than all the poignant sufferings of an enfeebled 
 frame are the heart-rending griefs of the stricken Chris- 
 tian, surrounded by relatives helplessly and hopelessly 
 seeking his wonted support, and yet not without friends 
 who, with every desire to assist, acknowledge their 
 inability to afford deserved competence. The times 
 were out of joint, everything made against this eminent, 
 philosophic-minded man, whose sun unfortunately set 
 sadly and gloomily in a threatening sky. 
 
40 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 Samuel Hartlib was probably not more tban between 
 fifty and sixty years of age at the time of bis decease^ 
 and it is a singular circumstance tbat a person so dis- 
 tinguished as lie was among a large and learned circle 
 of society, should have died so obscurely, that neither 
 the time of his decease nor even the place of his 
 burial should have been anywhere recorded. Unless, 
 indeed, we attribute the occurrence to his forlorn 
 condition and the strange character of the times, 
 especially during the earlier portion of Charles II /s 
 reign, when party spirit ran high, and all who had 
 become conspicuous as in any way favouring the 
 Commonwealth were liable to censure, if not to dis- 
 grace and penalty. If he went to Oxford, or elsewhere, 
 in hopes to better his situation, as well as his health, 
 such a removal from the metropolis would account in 
 a great measure for this apparent neglect. 
 
 In reviewing the circumstances of his life, it is 
 reasonable to suppose that he enjoyed the advantages 
 of a religious training and a liberal education, his 
 parents being persons of some distinction, honourably 
 connected, and his father extensively engaged in com- 
 mercial enterprise abroad. Hartlib was most likely 
 also intended for trade, as he seems to have been origi- 
 nally employed in some kind of mercantile agency in 
 London, to which fact we are disposed to attribute 
 the business-like tact observable in whatever he 
 undertakes. In his arrangements for schools and 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLIB. 41 
 
 for colleges, in his measures for extending rural 
 economy_, in his plan of an office of address,, and, in 
 short, in all matters under his own immediate direction, 
 we find every performance reduced to a system ; the 
 design always being to promote the public weal by 
 some hopeful philanthropic scheme, either educational, 
 religious, or political ; and the better to carry out a plan 
 of such enlarged usefulness, he was unwearying in 
 searching for truth, in attaining information, in sur- 
 rounding himself with varied talents, and in engaging, 
 as best he could, the services and assistance of good 
 men^s pens and purses. He seems to have been par- 
 ticularly endowed by nature with a disposition and 
 abilities eminently calculated for the furtherance of this 
 herculean labour, at a period of our history when it 
 was a marvel to find such a living monument of public 
 usefulness, moving, too, in no ordinary' sphere, but 
 approved, commended, and extolled by men of all 
 ranks, degrees, sects, and parties, both at home and 
 abroad. 
 
 He was a man of various and refined tastes ; indeed 
 it is interesting to observe how happily he associated 
 himself with scholars of every grade ; and, without evinc- 
 ing any profound knowledge of literature or science, often 
 acquiring much of their own enthusiasm in their several 
 pursuits. Such a disposition shows both an elevated and 
 active mental constitution, rising above all mere sordid 
 desires, happy only in a society where mental endow- 
 
42 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 ments predominate. But lie was a decided utilitarian, 
 and too mucli a man of business routine, merely 
 to saunter listlessly through academic groves; and, 
 consequently, always kept his mission in view. He loved 
 natural history for its bees and silkworms ; mechanical 
 philosophy for its engines ; botany for its grasses and 
 grains ; and chemistry for its manures and composts. 
 It is not surprising, therefore, to find him silent on 
 branches of study which were remote from his object, as 
 not appearing capable of any immediate productiveness 
 to the community at large. 
 
 His literary efforts were confined to some translations, 
 on which he was early engaged, and it is not unhkely 
 that they were at first undertaken as essays, in studying 
 English, his adopted language for his future life. He 
 also wrote many prefaces, conducted a very extensive 
 correspondence, and edited most, if not all, of the works 
 that were published by himself. He may have been 
 led to persuade Milton, in 1644, to engage his pen on 
 the important subject of education, influenced by the 
 combined circumstances of the difficulties he had early 
 experienced while educating himself in England ; and 
 from his connection with Comenius, and with John Durie, 
 both advocates for a reformation in schools. It is known 
 that Comenius was invited to England by the Govern- 
 ment in 1641, with a prospect of carrying out his im- 
 provements, but the commencement of the Civil war 
 induced him to leave for Sweden. He was a voluminous 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLIB. 43 
 
 writer_, many of liis works partaking of tlie subjects of 
 his abstruse researches, such as prophecies, revolutions, 
 the ruining of Antichrist, the millennium, and other 
 polemical and mystical subjects. He was, however, a 
 Protestant divine, and greatly distinguished himself in 
 1631 as a Grammarian. 
 
 Hartlib^s income not exceeding £300 or £400 per 
 annum, he appears to have been necessitated to practise 
 much method in his benevolence, which seems to have 
 been principally bestowed in acknowledgment of some 
 services to forward his great measures of public use- 
 fulness. In this spirit he supported, in his own house, 
 Adam Speed, a gentleman conversant with husbandry, 
 and the author of Adam in Eden, while composing 
 one of his works. Gabriel Plattes was, also, consider- 
 ably indebted to his fostering care, on which account 
 he left Hartlib his unpublished papers- By such con- 
 siderate and timely help did Hartlib strive to support 
 and encourage depressed talent, engaged on any 
 subject of public importance promising a useful prac- 
 tical application. A contemporary, in a letter from 
 Flanders, written to Harthb in 1650, says to him : — 
 '' None but yourself, who want not an enlarged heart, 
 but a fuller handy to supply the world's defects, being 
 found, with some few others, to administer any relief 
 to a man of so great merit " as poor Plattes. Many 
 authors acknowledged his kindly aid in their adversity 
 by addressing their works to him, among whom may 
 
44: A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 be mentioned J. Pell_, Master of Arts^ who wrote ^' An 
 Idea of Mathematics/^ addressed to Samuel Hartlib, 
 Esq., printed in 1651_, duodecimo, at the end of ''^The 
 Reformed School,^^ written by J. Durie, having been 
 previously written in English and in Latin. Hartlib 
 wrote a letter to Dr. Worthiugton, relating the decease 
 of this scholar in abject wretchedness in St. Gileses. 
 But alas ! the catalogue of the wants, miseries, and 
 drudgery of those who are scribes for their daily bread 
 is not limited to the experience of this singularly 
 benevolent man, although he wrote when such dis- 
 tressing cases were conspicuous in our streets. Grub 
 Street is no more ! but the multitude of authors obliges 
 many task-workers to fare as sadly as any of the 
 fraternity in the days of Milton and Hartlib. 
 
 He interested himself in forwarding the early pro- 
 spects of Sir William Petty, while just entering on active 
 life, in very humble circumstances, and in 1647 induced 
 him to write on the Advancement of Learning. 
 And with Petty, Boyle, Wren, and other celebrities in 
 science, he maintained constant correspondence on 
 matters of public value, although they were then but 
 slowly gathering interest among that select few who 
 eventually formed themselves into an organised society, 
 somewhat resembling one of his own contemplated 
 colleges, but on a more simple model. 
 
 Hartlib^ s most prominent scheme was his long- 
 cherished Macaria. This was a thoroughly Utopian 
 
OP SAMUEL HARTLIB. 45 
 
 institution^ but it had acquired a degree of stability in his 
 own mindj as frequently happens when a favourite theory 
 has been for many years entertained. The public how- 
 ever are less indulgent than the castle-builder^ and 
 rudely sneer^ or mildly turn a deaf ear to the charmer. 
 Hartlib constantly alludes to Macaria in his correspon- 
 dence, and his friends may have indulged him in his 
 dreams of its possible reaKzation. But that which was 
 based on fictions shared the usual fate of fictions^ for its 
 author, through twenty years, could never proceed 
 beyond the visionary conception. Still even the dreams 
 of men imbued with a benign philosophy may not be 
 entirely without their use, and even this romantic 
 production may have led many to think on improve- 
 ments, or fascinated them into paths of usefulness that 
 had otherwise been unconsidered. But, as for himself, 
 he saw no difficulty in the institution he proposed, 
 and even ventured to speak of an appropriation of 
 its funds to the publication of valuable treatises for 
 popular information. His writing to Dr. Worthington 
 in such a strain renders it manifest that Hartlib, at 
 least, had no misgivings on the subject. 
 
 In 1651 he promoted propositions for a College of 
 Husbandry with a better promise of success, as it inte- 
 rested a large class of the community. The age, 
 however, was blind to the offered advantages; and, 
 indeed, it has required the further experience of two 
 hundred years to convince mankind of the utility of 
 
46 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 such, an establishment ; for it was not commenced till 
 tlie middle of the present century. So slow is the 
 progress of improvement^ that it is only when some 
 great good is accomplished that we awaken to a sense 
 of our dreaminess and sluggishness from age to age. 
 And let it be remembered,, that it was against this 
 dead weight of opposition, and worse, of apathy, that 
 Hartlib had to contend. There was a prevaihng fear 
 of breaking up and discarding good time-honoured 
 usages. The experience of an ancestor remained long 
 in a family as an invaluable heirloom. What had been 
 was best, especially if the experience of a century or 
 more could be appealed to, no stronger evidence being 
 required. Innovations were rare, and innovators were 
 obnoxious. 
 
 But improvement is irresistible ; we may delay^ 
 but cannot stem its onward progress. Year by 
 year some little advance is made, and eventually the 
 stagnant stream bursts through every barrier. Justly 
 to estimate Hartlib's labours, toiling with his pen^ 
 publishing, and daily labouring to support deserving 
 worth and zealously to spread useful knowledge, we 
 must bear in mind how dreary and thankless, how 
 apparently unproductive, were all his kind offices^ 
 when we except the few who admired and were 
 astonished at the magnitude of his efforts to assist his 
 less favoured fellow- creatures. It is marvellous that, 
 in an age when mysticism, magic, astrology, and witch- 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLIB. 47 
 
 craft had scarcely begun to decline, he should so 
 manfully have carried out to the last an uniform, con- 
 sistent system of charitable and benevolent schemes, 
 looking, the while, far beyond any human reward. 
 
 We are constrained to consider Samuel Hartlib's 
 prevailing pious disposition as governing, guiding, and 
 outweighing all other obligations. He advocated the 
 acquirement of knowledge, and the means of im- 
 proving its attainment, and strenuously laboured to 
 extend every useful art and trade favouring industry 
 and tending to strengthen the arms of the state ; but 
 these were accessories to brighter hopes, they were 
 to be employed but as the means to a far nobler end, 
 and were not esteemed by him as man's summum 
 honum in this life. That he was, therefore, rather out 
 of his sphere, while occupied in the mercenary opera- 
 tions of ordinary business, we may surmise from the 
 absence of all allusion to cgmmercial gains in his cor- 
 pondence ; while his letters, on the contrary, are replete 
 with learned allusions, theological matters, references 
 to men of letters, and to subjects of a literary or philo- 
 sophical bearing. That he was, from an early period, 
 premeditating a declaration of his own estimate of his 
 true mission, we gather from his ^^ Reformed Spiritual 
 Husbandman,'^ which work he professes was but a pre- 
 parative to other like productions. He likewise assures 
 the reader that, although he has hitherto occupied 
 himself on subjects, such as Husbandry, — *^^the study 
 
48 A BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 
 
 thereof is not next to my heart.'' And candidly professes 
 but to have "played the husbandman/' to gratify a 
 public necessity, rather than his own individual taste. 
 Such was the deliberate statement he made after more 
 than twenty years experience, and active employment 
 in such comparative drudgery, working, as he must 
 have done, so thoroughly against the grain, in defiance 
 of his natural bias and religious fervor. He does not, 
 however, appear to have succeeded as a theological 
 writer, although he must have devoted his energies to 
 appropriate preparatory studies for above twenty years 
 previous to his thus expressing the conviction of 
 his heart. He is certainly not, at the present time, 
 generally supposed to have contemplated any such 
 change of occupation. It is more than likely, 
 whatever might have been his own estimation of 
 his abilities, in 1652, that the result of his publica- 
 tion, combined with the advice of trusty friends, as- 
 sured him that his sphere of usefulness would be 
 materially curtailed if he seriously persisted in abandon- 
 ing the one pursuit for the other : in which eminent 
 authors already abounded, while he had opened for 
 himself a field calculated to yield unbounded treasure. 
 In this respect Hartlib^s is far from being an isolated 
 case, either in his own or in the present day. It is the 
 fate of genius in the varied walks it pursues, to despise 
 difficulties, seeing the remote as present, and the pre- 
 sent as to be overleaped at one bound. But it is with 
 
OF SAMUEL HARTLIB. 49 
 
 the philosopher as with the architect, he must design 
 and build for others rather than for himself, and largely- 
 con form to the popular cry, however much disposed 
 to set up his own judgment against that of the 
 world. 
 
 Samuel Hartlib's life throughout excites our admira- 
 tion. His piety and enthusiasm, his varied tastes, 
 and plastic genius are conspicuous in all his multi- 
 farious labours. In whatever he was engaged we observe 
 the same earnestness, ardour, and sobriety of conduct. 
 He is always sohd and sincere, and begets in us, at a 
 glance, a predisposition in his favour ; we see in him 
 the meek true Christian and the gentleman. His 
 amiability is without affectation, he is obliging without 
 sycophancy, and religious without intolerance. He never 
 assumes mental superiority, or knowledge beyond his 
 information, and while directing oppressed talent into 
 channels of enlarged usefulness, his judgment and 
 experience rather suggest than dictate. Had it been 
 his lot to be differently situated, and blessed with 
 a superior education, he would have proved him- 
 self a sublime genius : for under great personal disad- 
 vantages, together with the adverse influence of dis- 
 tracted and dissolute times, he worked wonders to 
 ameHorate the condition of society, with Httle other 
 encouragement than the approval of his own conscience. 
 He was a bright example of the astonishing amount of 
 good that may be individually accumulated and dis- 
 
 E 
 
50 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR. 
 
 pensed by uniform and untiring zeal in promoting one 
 great well-ordered design^ when actuated by an un- 
 selfisli disposition,, liberally aiming to effect only through, 
 the purest means the temporal as well as the spiritual 
 welfare of mankind. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE 
 
 OP 
 
 SAMUEL HARTLIB'S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 I- 
 
 [Jan Amos Komensky.] 
 
 CoNATUUM Comenianorum pr86ludia ex Bibliotheca S. H. 
 — Oxonise, Excudebat Guilielmus Turnerus. Aca- 
 demic Typographus. 4to. Anno 1637. 
 
 '^ Ad Lectorem/' two pages subscribed Samuel Hart- 
 libius. A second title page commences — '^ Porta Sapien- 
 tiaeEeserata: sive Pansopliiae Christianae seminarum. &c. 
 Auctare J. A. Comenio. Oxoniae. 1637.'^ Then follow 
 pages 1 to 52, and 3 leaves not paged_, headed^ '^ Prae- 
 cipua Capita Didacticas Magnse, &c.^^ 
 
 II. 
 
 Reverendi et Clarissimi viri Johannis Amos Comenii, 
 
 Pansopliiae prodromus, &c. 12m6. — Londini. 
 
 1639. 
 
 " Lectoribus, verae Sapientiae Cupidis, S.^^ by Samuel 
 
 Hartlibius, dated " Londini ex aedibus meis. Cal. Januar, 
 
 Anno 1639/' consists of 8 pages. 
 
 E 2 
 
52 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 
 Comenius seems to have designed translating "liis 
 Pansopliical Labours/^ according to a letter from Hart- 
 lib to Dr. Wortliington^ dated Jan. 30tli, 1659. On 
 which Mr. Crossley makes note that : — ^^ From this 
 period to the time of his death. Comenius was too 
 much absorbed in controversy and prophecy/^ to 
 publish the works named ; their object " was to sim- 
 plify and shorten J by a kind of royal road to learning, 
 all studies, arts, and sciences." 
 
 III. 
 
 A reformation of Schooles, designed in two excellent 
 Treatises : The first whereof summarily sheweth, 
 the great necessity of a generall Reformation of 
 common Learning. What grounds of hope there 
 are for such a Reformation. How it may be 
 brought to passe. The second answers certaine 
 objections ordinarily made against such under- 
 takings, and describes the severall Parts and 
 Titles of Workes which are shortly to follow. 
 Written many yeares agoe in Latine by that 
 Reverend, Godly, Learned, and famous Divine 
 Mr. John Amos Comenius [Komensky], one of 
 the Seniours of the exiled Church of Moravia. 
 And now upon the request of many translated 
 into English, and published by Samuel Hartlib, 
 for the generall good of this Nation. 4to. — Lon- 
 
SAMUEL HARTLIB'S PUBLICATIONS. 53 
 
 dorij Printed for Michael Sparke senior, at the 
 Blew Bible in Greene Arbor, 1642. 
 
 This translation consists of 94 pages without pre- 
 face. Page 61, gives a second Title-page : — "A 
 Dilucidation, answering certaine objections, made 
 against the endeavours and means of Reformation in 
 Common Learning, expressed in the foregoing Dis- 
 course. By Mr. John Amos Comenius.'^ 
 
 Commencing at page 90, and occupying four pages, 
 are "The severall Titles of the seven parts of the 
 Temple of Christian Pansophie.^' These briefly are, 
 1, The threshold of the Temple of Wisedome; 2, the 
 Gate ; 3, the outward Court ; 4, the middle Court ; 6, 
 the innermost Court ; 6, the last and most secret. The 
 Holy of Holies, and 7, the Fountain of hving Waters. 
 
 IV. 
 
 A Continuation of Mr. John-Amos-Comenius School- 
 Endeavours. Or a Summary Delineation of Dr. 
 Cypeian Kinnee Silesian his Thoughts concerning 
 Education : Or the Way and Method of Teaching. 
 Exposed to the ingenuous and free Censure of all 
 Piously-learned men. The which shall shortly be 
 seconded with an Elucidarium or Commentary to 
 open the sense of whatsoever is herein contained, 
 chiefly of what is paradoxall and obscure (if any such 
 shall appear to be.) Together with an Advice how 
 these Thoughts may be successfully put in Practice. 
 Translated out of the Original Latine, transmitted to 
 
54 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 
 Sam, Hartlib : and by him published^ and in tlie 
 name of many very Godly and Learned Men, 
 recommended to the serious Consideration, and 
 liberall Assistance of such, as are willing to 
 favour the Kegeneration of all Christian Churches 
 and Common-wealths j but more especially the 
 Good and Happines of these United Kingdoms. 
 Published by Authority. — Printed for E. L. in 
 Monks- well street. 4to. [1648.] 
 
 The treatise opens with '^ A Brief Information con- 
 cerning Doctor Kinner and his undertakings/' occupy- 
 ing four pages ; next, ^' The Summary Delineation of 
 Doctor Cyprian Kinner,^' of two pages ; then the treatise 
 paged 1 to 9, and concludes with a page headed 
 " Doctor Cyprian Kinner's Vows to the Almighty God, 
 sent from Dantzick, the fift of Aug. 1684, to Samuel 
 Hartlib,^' and another page, with " An Advertisement 
 to the Noble and Generous Lovers of Learning,^' 
 recommending any one, requiring information, to 
 '' repair to Master Hartlib's House, in the great open 
 Court in Duke's-place, and satisfaction shall be given 
 to all their desires.''^ 
 
 y. 
 
 A briefe relation of that which hath been lately 
 attempted to procure Ecclesiasticall Peace among 
 Protestants. Published by Samuel Hartlib. — 
 London, Printed by J. R. for Andrew Crooke, 
 
SAMUEL HARTLIB'S PUBLICATIONS. 55 
 
 and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church- 
 yard, at the signe of the Green Dragon. 4to. 
 1641. 
 This pamphlet consists of 35 pages, with preface. 
 It is observed on the first page — " When in the yeer 
 1628_, John Dury was in Prussia, Minister to the 
 English company of Marchants residing at Elbing, 
 he was sent unto, dealt withall, and moved by Dr. 
 Godeman a wise, godly, and learned man, one of the 
 King of Swedens Privy Councellors, and Judge of his 
 high Court in those parts, to second him in a businesse 
 of Ecclesiasticall Unitie amongst Protestants;'' the 
 details of which matter form the body of the 
 work. 
 
 YI. 
 
 A description of the famous Kingdom of Macaria, 
 shewing its excellent government, wherein the 
 Inhabitants live in great Prosperity, Health and 
 Happiness; the King obeyed, the Nobles honoured, 
 and all good men respected ; Vice punished and 
 virtue rewarded. An example to other Nations. 
 In a Dialogue between a Schollar and a Traveller. 
 — London, Printed for Francis Constable. 4to. Anno 
 1641. 
 The pamphlet, dedicated '' To the high and honour- 
 able Court of Parliament, '^ "affords a sort of adumbration 
 (says Mr. Crossley) of what the Macaria was expected 
 
56 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 
 to accomplisli.^^ The author acknowledges to have deli- 
 vered his '^ conceptions in a Fiction, as a more mannerly- 
 way, having for my pattern Sir Thomas More, and 
 Sir Francis Bacon/^ He dates it 25th of October, 
 1641, and has one leaf of dedication, followed by 14 
 pages of description. 
 
 vn. 
 
 A short Letter modestly intreating a Friend^s judge- 
 ment upon Mr. Edwards his Booke, he calleth an 
 Anti-Apologie : with a large but modest Answer 
 thereunto. — London, Printed according to order. 
 4to. 1644. 
 
 On the back of the title page is a short letter from 
 Samuel Hartlib, written " From my house in Dukes- 
 place, in great haste, Aug. 5th.^' His address com- 
 mences, " Worthy Sir,^^ but gives no name. " I have 
 heard (he says) of Mr. Edwards '^ book, '^ as I must 
 needs doe, for all the City and Parliament rings of it. 
 The most of them cry it up, and some few cry it downe. 
 Truly, Sir, I could cry too, but neither up nor downe ; 
 for my heart is big with weeping, and I could wish 
 my head a fountaine of teares, to bewaile the sad effects 
 which are likely to follow upon these differences of 
 religion, which are fallen out among Brethren.^' 
 
 The "large answer" consists of 36 closely printed 
 pages, signed, " Hezekiah Woodward," and dated 
 " From my house in Aldermanbury, 23 Aug. 1644," 
 
SAMUEL HAKTLIB'S PUBLICATIONS. 57 
 
 followed by three pages of an address '' To the Reader/' 
 ending " Imprimatur^ Joseph Caryl.'' 
 
 It thus appears that Hartlib wrote to his friend 
 Woodward, (whose judgment, he says, '^hath not 
 deceived me these sixteen years/') to give his opinion 
 of Mr. Edwards' book. Now 16 years prior to 1644, 
 the date of his letter and publication, takes us back to 
 1628, about or before which year Hartlib probably first 
 came to England. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 Of Education. To Master Samuel Hartlib. 4to. [June 
 5, 1644.] 
 
 This celebrated tract of eight pages, written by John 
 Milton, seems to have been published without any 
 regular title page. The first page gives in one line at 
 the top, " Of Education. To Master Samuel Hartlib." 
 It is pretty well printed, in small type, 48 Hnes on a 
 page. 
 
 Wood says of John Milton, that, in 1635, he was 
 incorporated Master of Arts. He wrote : — 
 
 '^ Of Education," a tract addressed to Mr. Samuel 
 Hartlib. In this treatise he prescribed an easy and 
 deHghtful method (says Wood), for the training up of 
 gentry to all arts of literature, that they might at the 
 same time, by like degrees, advance in virtue and abili- 
 ties to serve their country, subjoining directions for 
 their obtaining other necessary or ornamental accom- 
 
58 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 
 plisliments. And to this end^ that he might put it in 
 practice, he took a larger house, where the Earl of 
 Barrimore sent by his aunt the Lady Eannelagh, Sir 
 Thomas Gardiner of Essex, to be there with others 
 (besides his two nephews), under his tuition. But 
 whether it were that the tempers of our gentry would 
 not bear the strictness of his discipline, or for what 
 other reasons I cannot tell, he continued that course 
 but awhile." — [Wood's Fas. Ox. 3rd edition. Vol. ii. 
 p. 483.] 
 
 IX. 
 
 Considerations tending to the happy accomplishment of 
 England's reformation in Church and State : Hum- 
 bly presented to the Piety and Wisdome of the 
 High and Honourable Court of Parliament. 4to. 
 [1647.] 
 
 The head title reads thus : — '^ A brief Discourse con- 
 cerning the Accomplishment of our Reformation : Tend- 
 ing to shew, that by an Office of Publike Addresse in 
 Spirituall and Temporall Matters, the Glory of God, 
 and the Happinesse of this Nation may be highly ad- 
 vanced."" Printed in large open type, with double 
 marginal lines on each page. 
 
 This pamphlet opens with two leaves of prefatory 
 matter, one half of the first page being the only title 
 page ; and the first page of the Discourse opens in like 
 manner with the second half-title page. 
 
SAMUEL HARTLIB'S PUBLICATIONS. 50 
 
 Samuel Hartlib^ in addressing tlie '^ Eight Honour- 
 able Senators/' says, '^ I make account tliat I can have 
 no true delight in the enjoyment of this Earthly Life of 
 mine any further, then I find myselfe usefull to others -y^ 
 and continues, " I am comforted herein, that I have the 
 testimony of my Conscience assuring mee, that I have 
 sincerely spent and laid out myselfe wholly to this 
 effect. And that although I have been carelesse of my 
 selfe as to this world (sine invidia lucri), yet I have 
 seen alwayes God's hand in the midst of many straits 
 and difficulties supporting me, and shewing a way to 
 proceed, when I found my selfe at a stand/' 
 
 Thirty-six pages of preliminary matter are followed 
 by that which is the principal object of the treatise — 
 ^^ Of the Office of Addresse." Its nature we gather 
 from this remark, that — '^ Wee would advice that 
 a Certaine Place should be designed by the Authority 
 of the State, whereunto all Men might freely come to 
 give information of the Commodities which they have 
 to be imparted unto others," managed by a " Master 
 of Addresses.'^ It was proposed to have it in " two 
 Parts or Branches : the one for Bodily, the other for 
 Spirituall Matters." In each there were to be Inven- 
 tories and Eegisters ofaU "Commodotis, Persons, Em- 
 ployments, Offices, Charges, and Things." The charge 
 for information was to be ^^ but a penny or two" to the 
 rich, '^ but to the Poore all is to bee done freely." At 
 the end is " Anno 1647." 
 
60 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 
 X. 
 
 A furtlier Discovery of the Ofl&ce of Publick Address 
 for Accommodations. — London, pp. 34. 4to. 1648. 
 
 Eeprinted in tlie Harleian Miscellany, edited by 
 Oldys and Park. 4to. 1810. Vol. vi. p. 14. And the 
 same, 8vo. Vol. vi. 1810. p. 158. 
 
 XI. 
 
 The Advice of W. P. to Mr. Samuel Hartlib, for the 
 Advancement of some particular Parts of Learning. 
 4to. — London, printed Anno Dom. 1648. 
 
 This pamphlet, consisting of 34 pages, commences with 
 a short letter from W. P. afterwards Sir Wilham Petty, 
 " To his honoured Friend, Master Samuel Hartlib,^' 
 dated "London, Jan. 1, 1647-8.''^ He first alludes to 
 his newly invented Pentograph for double writing ; from 
 the profits of which, if patronised, sufficient means 
 might be raised to carry out his " flying thoughts con- 
 cerning the advancement of real learning in general, 
 but particularly of the education of youth.'^ He recom- 
 mends, " That all children, though of the highest rank, 
 be taught some genteel manufacture in their minority,^' 
 the designations and nature of some being rather sin- 
 gular, such as : — 
 
 " Making Watches, and other trochilic motions. 
 
 " Making musical instruments. 
 
 " Navarchy, and making models for buildings, and 
 rigging for ships. 
 
SAMUEL HARTLIB'S PUBLICATIONS. 61 
 
 '' The confectioner's^ perfumer's^ or dyer's arts. 
 
 ^^ Anatomy, making skeletons, and excarnating 
 bowels/' 
 
 He proposes the erecting of a ^^ gymnasium or 
 college,'' witli theatre, museum, &c. professors, officers, 
 &c. 
 
 Reprinted in the Harl. Misc. edited by Oldys and 
 Park, 4to. 1810. Vol. vi. p. 1. And the same, 8vo. 
 1810. Vol. vi. p. 141. 
 
 XII. 
 
 Clavis Apocalyptica : or, A Prophetical Key : By which 
 the great Mysteries in the Revelation of St. 
 John and the Prophet Daniel are opened; It 
 beeing made apparent that the Prophetical Num- 
 bers com to an end with the year of our Lord, 
 1655. Written by a Germane D[octor], and now 
 translated out of High-Dutch. In two Treatises. 
 1 . Shewing what in these our times hath been 
 fulfilled. 2. At this present is efiectually brought 
 to pass. 3. And henceforth — is to bee expected 
 in the years neer at hand. London, Printed by 
 William Du-Gard for Thomas Matthews, and are 
 to bee sold by Giles Calvert, at the Black- Spread- 
 Eagle at the West-end of St. Paul's, 1651. 
 
 This work is a neatly printed 12mo. containing a 
 Dedication of 5 pages by Samuel Hartlib, addressed 
 " To the right honourable Oliver St. John, Lord Chief 
 
62 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 
 Justice of the Court of Common-Pleas^" of whom he 
 says : — '' in publick you have owned mee towards the 
 Parhamentj and procured an aspect from that High and 
 Honorable Court towards mee^ to set me apart as an 
 Agent for the Advancement of Universal Learning and 
 the Public Good^ which I confess is an emploiment_, 
 whereunto from my youth God hath naturalized my 
 affections." He subscribes himself " your truly devoted 
 Orator and faithful servant/' 
 
 From page 1 to 79^ printed in small type^ is, ^' An 
 Epistolical Discours, from Mr. John Durie to Mr. Sam. 
 Hartlib, concerning his Exposition of the Revelation. 
 By way of Preface thereunto." It is dated 1650. 
 Clavis Apocalyptica has two brief pages of an address 
 to the "Judicious Reader !"' then follow 163 pages 
 in large type, clearly printed, concluding with two 
 more pages, ^^A List of the things which are 
 shortly to com to pass, collected out of the XL and 
 XYI. Chapters of the Revelation." 
 
 XIII. 
 
 A discours of Husbandrie used in Brabant and Flan- 
 ders; shewing the wonderfull improvement of 
 Land there ; and serving as a pattern for our 
 practice in this Common-wealth. 4to. — London, 
 Printed by William Du-Gard, Anno Dom. 1605 
 [1650]. 
 
 In his Epistle Dedicatory, " To the Right Honorable 
 
SAMUEL HARTLIB'S PUBLICATIONS. 63 
 
 the Council of State/' after commencing in his usual 
 scriptural and quaint style, Samuel Hartlib says of 
 himself : — " It hath been one of my aims, to have the 
 honor (if possibly I could attain unto it) of serving the 
 Publick gratis, and at mine own cost, to the best 
 things : So I have made it a part of my Agencie, to 
 provok others, to do the like, by offering unto everie 
 one, the things which might bee most advantagious 
 unto themselves, by doing service unto others. And 
 how far my affections have carried mee beyond my 
 abilities in this cours, I need not to mention : this hath 
 onely been my comfort, that having served my genera- 
 tion generously and freely, I never had cans to repent 
 of what I had done, whether it were resented by others, 
 or not/' 
 
 He speaks of Agriculture as ^' being one of the 
 noblest and most necessarie parts of Industrie belonging 
 to a Common- wealth, the first ground of mutual trading 
 amongst men, and the well-spring of wealth in all well 
 ordered societies." 
 
 Of his own acquaintance with the subject of Hus- 
 bandry he observes : — " I cannot say much of mine 
 own experience in this matter, yet providence having 
 directed mee by the improvement of several relations 
 unto the experiences and observations of others, I 
 finde myself obliged to become a conduit-pipe thereof 
 towards the Publick." 
 
 The author of the Discourse remarks, ^^ I did think I 
 
64 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 
 had understood that point [in regard to the condition 
 of land and proper seed], when I went out of England, 
 after thirty years^ experience in Husbandries and 
 having improved my land as much as any man in this 
 kingdom';'^ but his foreign experience taught him to 
 improve " heathie and sandie lands/^ 
 
 This pamphlet is neatly and closely printed ; with 
 an obvious error of 1605 for 1650 on the title page. 
 The Dedication occupies 3 leaves,, and the Discourse 26 
 pages. Two years later he published — 
 
 Discourse of Husbandrie used in Brabant and Flan- 
 ders ; shewing the wonderful improvement of 
 Land there; and serving as a pattern for our 
 practice in this Common-wealth. The second 
 edition, corrected and Inlarged. — London, Printed 
 by Wilham Du-Gard, dwelling in Suffolk-lane, 
 near London-stone, small 4to. Anno Dom. 1652. 
 
 '' The Epistle Dedicatorie,'' by Samuel Hartlib, " To 
 the Eight Honorable the Council of State,^^ occupying 
 3 leaves, is followed by his address to the reader. In 
 the latter he remarks — ^^This second edition of the 
 Brabant Husbandrie is not so much enlarged as was 
 intended by mee, becaus I expected something from 
 Sir Richard Weston, which I have not been able to 
 obtain.'^ 
 
 At the end, after ^^Finis/^ are two letters from 
 Samuel Hartlib to Sir Richard Weston; the first dated 
 
SAMUEL HARTLIB'S PUBLICATIONS. Go 
 
 ^■Troin myHous at Charing- Cross, over against Angel- 
 Court, the 2nd of Maie, 1651/' He commences—"! 
 am very credibly informed that you are the author of 
 the Discours which I have heretofore published under 
 the name of Brabant Husbandrie/' — and offers him his 
 warm acknowledgments. 
 
 XIY. 
 
 An Invention of Engines of Motion lately brought to 
 perfection. Whereby may be dispatched any 
 work now done in England or elsewhere, (espe- 
 cially Works that require strength and swiftness) 
 either by Wind, Water, Cattel or Man. And that 
 with better accomodation, and more profit then 
 by any thing hitherto known and used. — London, 
 Printed by T. C. for Richard Woodnoth, next 
 door to the Golden heart, In Leaden-Hall-Street. 
 4to. 1651. 
 
 A quarto tract very indifferently printed on coarse 
 paper, consisting of one leaf for the title page, a second 
 leaf with an extract from Bacon^s Novum Organon, 
 followed by two letters having no signature, paged 1 to 
 12, without any comment from Samuel Hartlib, to 
 whom they are addressed. They were, however, 
 written by Cressy Dymock, a writer on agricultural 
 topicSo See a reprint of this singular production at 
 the end of the present volume. 
 
QQ BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 
 XV. 
 
 An Essay for Advancement of Husbandry-Learning : 
 or propositions for the errecting a Colledge of 
 Husbandry : and in order thereuntp for the taking 
 in of Pupills or Apprentices. And also Friends or 
 Fellowes of the same Colledge or Society. — ^London, 
 Printed by Henry Hills, sm. 4to. 1651. 
 
 Samuel Hartlib^ addressing the '^ Courteous Eeader/' 
 commences — " I find by experience,, that it is nothing 
 but the narrowness of our spirits that makes us miser- 
 able ; for if our hearts were enlarged beyond our selves, 
 and opened to lay hold of the advantages which God 
 doth offer, whereby we may become jointly serviceable 
 unto one another in publicke concernments ; we could 
 not be without Luciferous Employments for our selves ; 
 nor unfruitful to our neighbours, as now for the most 
 part we are.''^ Adding: — "For mine owne part, 
 although I can contribute but little ; yet being carried 
 forth to watch for the opportunities of provoking others, 
 who can do more, to improve their Talents, I have 
 found experimentally that my endeavours have not been 
 without effect .^^ 
 
 He speaks of the Essay as hints "which have a long 
 time lain by me •/' and inquires : " Why may we not 
 conclude that in the science and trade of husbandry, 
 which is the mother of all other trades and scientificall 
 Industries, a Collegiall way of Teaching the Art thereof 
 
SAMUEL HARTLIB'S PUBLICATIONS, 67 
 
 will be of infinite usefulness V^ And again : " If tlie 
 least part of all Industrie is higHy improved by CoUe- 
 giall Institution and Education^ bow mucb more may 
 the cbief part^ and as it were tbe very root of all wealtb^ 
 be advanced to perfection by tbeir means ?" This essay, 
 therefore, is offered as " a bint of tbis matter, tbat it 
 may be furtber in due time ripened, and witb more 
 mature considerations brought to perfection.^^ 
 
 Tbe Essay, after prebminary explanations, suggests : 
 "tbat well-wisbers to tbeir countrey's wealth and 
 propriety ; be pleased to contribute such sums to tbis 
 good and laudable Worke, as in their own wisdomes 
 and bounties appear necessary, and deliver tbe same 
 into tbe bands of Mr. Samuel Hartlib, whose abundant 
 zeale for tbe publique good, renders him most worthy to 
 be entrusted therewith, till there shall be a competent 
 stock obtained/' 
 
 The Essay closes at page 11, and proceeds with a 
 letter on the same subject, ending at page 16, without 
 signature but substituting ' as a kind of mark. 
 
 The address to the reader occupies 2 leaves, and 
 tbe Essay, &c. 17 pages, closely printed. 
 
 XYI. 
 
 Tbe Eeformed Husband-Man ; or a brief Treatise of the 
 Errors, Defects, and Inconveniences of our English 
 Husbandry, in ploughing and sowing for corn ; 
 with the Reasons and general Remedies; and a 
 
 2 P 
 
68 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 
 large yet faitliful Offer or Undertaking for tlie 
 benefit of tliem tliat will joyn in tliis good and 
 publick Work. Imparted some years ago to Mr. 
 Samuel Hartlib ; And now by bim re-imparted to 
 all ingenuous Englishmen^ tbat are willing to 
 advance the Prosperity, Wealth, and Plenty of 
 their Native Country. — ^London, Printed by J. C. 
 4to. 1651. 
 
 Samuel Hartlib addresses the " Christian Eeader'^ 
 with the statement, that '' It is a common complaint, 
 that Trade doth decay, and that the poor are multiplyed 
 for want of employment,^^ the natural result of ^^ civil 
 warres.^' He calls on all to act as best they can, and 
 avoid a selfish spirit. His own effort consists in offer- 
 ing this ^^ brief Treatise and the propositions which 
 were imparted unto me above 3 years ago ;'' and he 
 adds, '' now the hopes of our public settlement have 
 invited me to put them forth .^' 
 
 From page 1 to 12 is in the form of a letter, without 
 signature or mark, addressed to Mr. Hartlib, and from 
 page 12 to 14, is entitled, ^^ The most especiall Persons 
 (or Purposes) that may readily advance or recover 
 .estates, by joyning to set forward the practice of this 
 work,'' — consisting of seven propositions amounting to 
 a kind of Insurance to secure property, annuities, &c. 
 
 This pamphlet has an address to the reader on the 
 first leaf, and the Discourse occupies 14 pages, closely 
 and indifferently printed. 
 
SAMUEL HARTLIB'S PUBLICATIONS. 69 
 
 XVII. 
 
 Samuel Hartlib Ms Legacie : or An Enlargement of the 
 Discourse of Husbandry used in Brabant and 
 riaunders ; Wherein are bequeathed to the Com- 
 mon-wealth of England more Outlandish and 
 Domestick Experiments and Secrets in reference 
 to Universall Husbandry. Entered according to 
 the late Act concerning Printing. — London, Printed 
 by H. Hills_, for Eichard Wodenothe at the Star 
 under St. Peter's Church in Cornhill. 4to. pp.131. 
 •1651. 
 
 A specimen of superior printing. The first three 
 leaves without paging contain Hartlib's address, and Sir 
 Richard Weston's Legacy to his sons. 
 
 From page 1 to 108 is '^ A large letter, &c. to Mr. 
 Samuel Hartlib/' and by the double line, mark, or 
 monogram at the end it would appear to be from the pen 
 of Cressy Dymock; there are also five other letters 
 with the same mark, ending at page 127. The first 
 letter is simply dated Anno 1651, but we learn from 
 the commencing paragraph that the correspondent had 
 not long returned from France. A different authorship 
 may be due to the first and largest communication, 
 which may have been written by Robert Child, as sug- 
 gested by Harte in his Essays on Husbandry, and by 
 Sir Egerton Brydges in the Gentleman's Mag. Vol. 72, 
 p. 12. The work consists of one general answer to the 
 
70 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 
 inquiry, '' What are the actual defects and omissions, 
 as also the possible improvements in English hus- 
 bandry ?" 
 
 The edition of 1655, in the British Museum, has the 
 title : '^ Samuel Harthb his Legacy of Husbandry. 
 Wherein are bequeathed to the Common- wealth of Eng- 
 land, not only Braband and Flanders, but also manymore 
 Outlandish and Domestick Experiments and Secrets 
 (of Gabriel Plats and others) never heretofore divulged 
 in reference to Universal Husbandry. With a Table 
 shewing the general Contents or Sections of the several 
 Augmentations and enriching Enlargements of this 
 Third Edition. — ^London, Printed by J. M. for Eichard 
 Woodnothe, in Leaden- [hall] Street, next to the 
 Golden-Heart. 1655.'^ 
 
 The work varies from the edition of 1651, as it com- 
 mences with 11 pages of " Contents or Sections -/' ex- 
 tracts on two leaves by way of *' An Introduction,^^ and 
 contains, in 303 pages of small type closely printed, ^^ A 
 large Letter concerning the Defects and Eemedies of 
 English Husbandry, written to Mr. Samuel Hartlib -j" 
 with various other letters and annotations. 
 
 At page 104, an experiment on Barley-corn is given 
 in a letter signed C. D., 1650, followed by a letter 
 '^ upon the foregoing secret," speaking of ^' Mr. Dy- 
 mock^s great experiment on his Pease and Barley," 
 signed B. W. 
 
 C. D. writes again, p. 108 — 111. 
 
SAMUEL HARTLIB'S PUBLICATIONS. 71 
 
 At page 118 commences, *^^Dr. Arnold Beati^s An- 
 notations upon the Legacy of Husbandry. Paris, tlie 
 first of July, 1651 j^' whicli ends at page 302. And on 
 tiie last two pages is ^^ An Advertisement to the City and 
 County,^' relating to a new fire and garden engine. 
 
 Samuel Hartlib, in his ^^ Legacy/^ laments greatly that 
 no public director of husbandry was established in 
 England by authority : and that we had not adopted 
 the Flemish custom of letting farms on improvement. 
 See ^''Essays on Husbandry," Walter Harte, 8vo. 1764. 
 
 XYIII. 
 
 Comu Copia. A Miscellanium of lucriferous and most 
 fructiferous Experiments, Observations, and Dis- 
 coveries, immethodically distributed ; to be really 
 demonstrated and communicated in all sincerity^ 
 — [London, 1652?] 
 This tract of 16 pages commences with the above 
 title at the top of the first page, and proceeds : — 
 
 ''^ Imprimis. To discover a certainty to raise £2000. 
 per annum de claro, &c. 
 
 '' Item, A certainty another way, with £500. stock, 
 &c. 
 
 " Item, A certainty, with less than £500. stock, &c." 
 At page 2, the subject changes to : — ^' These follow- 
 ing relate to the exceeding great advantage of Hus- 
 bandry.'^ 
 
72 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 
 " Imprim. A seed to be sown without manuring^ &c. 
 
 " Item, Another kind of seed, &c. 
 
 '^ Item, A most excellent discovery, witli one slight 
 plowing, &c/^ And so on to page 11. 
 
 At page 12 commences, " Generall Accommodations/^ 
 Thus :— 
 
 "Whosoever shall have monies to let forth upon 
 interest, &c. 
 
 " And sundry purchases, sales, and annuities ; any 
 one requiring house or lodgings ; goods or furniture ; 
 lost property ; services ; law ; debtors ; agents ; official 
 situations; education; travel/^ And inquires about 
 relations abroad. Concluding with a brief address to 
 gain the credence of *^ the generous reader.^^ 
 
 This appears to be similar in many respects to the 
 " Discovery of the Office of Publick Address,'' 1648. 
 
 There is a copy of this tract bound up with a series 
 of Hartlib's publications, in the British Museum (441 . 
 b. 23, 4), which is catalogued as [By S. Hartlib], and 
 "Imperfect, wanting title page.''' 
 
 But in the Harleian Miscellany, 4to. edited by Oldys 
 and Park, Vol. vi. 1810, this tract is quoted at page 27, 
 without any further title page than that here given, and 
 therefore, without publisher's name or date. The edi- 
 tors make no note on this publication, but place it in 
 the collection immediately after " Hartlib's Discovery 
 of the Office of Publick Address, &c." Indeed, it is not 
 
SAMUEL HARTLIB'S PUBLICATIONS. 73 
 
 unlikely that it formed an Appendix to one of the edi- 
 tions. 
 
 It also appears reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany,, 
 8vo. Vol. vi. page 540. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 A Eare and New Discovery of a speedy way, and easie 
 means, found out by a young Lady in England, 
 she having made full proofe thereof in May, Anno 
 1652. For the feeding of Silk-worms in the 
 Woods, on the Mulberry- Tree-leaves in Virginia : 
 Who after fourty dayes time present there most 
 rich golden- coloured silken Fleece, to the instant 
 wonderful! enriching of all the Planters there, 
 requiring from them neither cost, labour, or 
 hindrance in any of their other employments 
 whatsoever. 
 And also to the good hopes that the Indians, seeing 
 and finding that there is neither Art, Skill or 
 Pains in the thing ; they will readily set upon it, 
 being by the benefit thereof inabled to buy of the 
 English (in way of Truck for their Silk-bottomes) 
 all those things that they most desire. So that 
 not only their Civilizing will follow, thereupon, 
 but by the infinite mercie of God, their Conversion 
 to the Christian Faith, the Glory of our Nation, 
 which is the daily humble prayer of Virginia for 
 Virginia. With two Propositions tending to 
 
74 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 
 England^s and tlie Colonies infinite advantage. 
 — Printed for Eichard Wodenothe in Leaden-hall 
 street, small 4to. 1652. 
 
 A letter of one page from Samuel Hartlib is first 
 addressed to the '^Ingenuous Reader .^^ He observes, 
 ^^ I have in my Legacie of Husbandry bequeathed some- 
 thing unto thee concerning silkworms.-*^ Instructions 
 occupy 5 pages^ followed by a quotation from Du Bartas 
 on the silk-worm^, two short poetical pieces,, and on the 
 last page ^^ A comparison between the gain and labour 
 of Tobacco and Silk/^ to show that the gain in a crop 
 of tobacco is but £14. as compared to a crop of silk, 
 which would be worth £60. The treatise consists of 
 12 closely printed pages. This pamphlet has become 
 exceedingly rare, having been much sought after by 
 American book collectors. 
 
 XX. 
 
 Twisse's Doubting Conscience Resolved. 8vo. 1652. 
 
 William Twisse died in 1645. He wrote ^^ The 
 doubting Conscience resolved, in answer to a (pre- 
 tended) perplexing Question, &c. Wherein is evidently 
 proved that the Holy Scriptures (not the Pope) is the 
 Foundation whereon the Church is built, &c.^^ 1652. 
 [Bodl. 8vo. B. 137. Line] Published by Sam. Hartlib. 
 See Wood's Ath. Ox. 3rd edition. 1815. 4to. Vol. iii. 
 p. 172. 
 
SAMUEL HARTLIB'S PUBLICATIONS. 75 
 
 XXI. 
 
 Ireland^s Naturall History. Being a true and ample 
 description of its situation, greatness, shape, and 
 nature. Written by Gerard Boate. And now 
 published by Samuel Hartlib, Esq. Dedicated 
 jointly to Oliver Cromwell, Chancellor of the 
 University of Oxford; and to Captain Charles 
 Fleetwood, Commander-in-Chief of all the Forces 
 in Ireland. 1652. 
 Reprinted — See Brit. Mus. Catalogue. *' Ireland, 
 
 Tracts on Natural History, 1 860, &c.^' 
 
 XXII. 
 
 A Designe for Plentie, By an Universall Planting of 
 Fruit-Trees: Tendered by some Wei- wishers to 
 the Publick. — ^London, Printed for Richard Wode- 
 nothe in Leaden-hall street, over against Leaden- 
 hall. 4to. 1652. 
 Samuel Hartlib, in his prefatory address to the 
 " Courteous and Ingenuous Reader," says, " it is just 
 that every one should have his due ;" and this he does 
 in order : 1st, God's goodness ; 2nd, his Providence ; 
 and 3rd, the Instruments employed. The latter brings 
 him to consider the author of this treatise, who " is not 
 known unto me : for although I have endeavoured by 
 a diligent search to finde out his name, yet I have not 
 been able to compasse the matter f but he has heard 
 
76 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 
 he " was an aged Minister of the Gospel/^ For himself 
 he says^ " I claim nothing but the contentment to be the 
 publisher thereof; that I may be instrumentall to 
 advance the comforts of many thereby/^ 
 
 He alludes to a forth- coming work by Mr. Ealph 
 Austin of Oxford, named in "his own Letter in 
 November last, 1652;^' and to Mr. Blithers Improver 
 Improved, 
 
 The address to the reader occupies 3 leaves, the 
 Treatise 24 pages, having marginal notes. It is a neatly 
 and closely printed pamphlet. 
 
 Ealph Austin wrote "A Treatise of Fruit-trees, 
 shewing the Manner of Grafting, Planting, Pruning, 
 and easy Eules of Experience, &c. 4to. Oxon. 1657. 
 2nd edition. Dedicated to Sam. Hartlib, Esq.''^ — See 
 " Fasti Oxonienses.-" By Ant. 'A. Wood, M.A. 3rd edit. 
 By Philip Bliss. Yol. ii. page 174. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 The Eeformed Spirituall Husband-man : With a 
 Humble Memorandum concerning Chelsy Colledge. 
 And a correspondence with Forreigne Protestants. 
 — London, Printed for Eichard Wodenothe, and are 
 to be sold his Shop in Leaden HaU street, next 
 the signe of the golden Hart. 4to. 1652. 
 
 This pamphlet consists of 38 pages. The address 
 to the '^Intelligent Eeader," is by Samuel Hartlib, 
 
SAMUEL HARTLIB'S PUBLICATIONS. 77 
 
 who says, " I have of late plaid the Husbandman 
 about Bodily Concernments ; that I might gratifie the 
 Publique with some helps of Industry, to relieve the 
 poor, and encrease wealth in Common and Plenty of 
 the Fruits of the Earth unto all ;" yet, says he, ^^ I 
 must profess that the studio thereof is not next unto 
 my heart,^' "being more disposed to writings like the 
 present ; of which he observes : ^^ These two following 
 discourses are but some preparatives to much more of 
 this kinde, which is in store/^ 
 
 One leaf follows the Address, headed, '^ A new case 
 of Conscience -^^ followed with ^^ An answer," extending 
 from page 1 to 32, being a letter from John Dury, 
 dated Dec. 1651, to the Honourable Sir Gregory 
 Morton. And ^^ A Humble Memorandum concerning 
 a correspondence with Forreigne Protestants," from 
 p. 33 to 36 ; and the remaining two pages refer to 
 ^^Chelsy-College," for the confirming, and enlarging that 
 foundation. 
 
 XXIY. 
 
 A Discoverie for Division or Setting out of Land, as 
 to the best Form. Pubhshed by Samuel Hartlib, 
 Esquire, for Direction and more Advantage and 
 Profit of the Adventurers and Planters in the 
 Fens and other Waste and undisposed Places in 
 England and Ireland. Whereunto are added some 
 other Choice Secrets or Experiments of Husbandry. 
 
78 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 
 With a Philosopliical Querie concerning the Cause 
 of Fruitfulness. And an Essay to shew How all 
 Lands may be improved in a New Way, to 
 become the ground of the increase of Trading 
 and Eevenue to this Common-wealth. — London, 
 Printed for Richard Wodenothe in Leaden-hall- 
 street. 1653. 
 It opens with a preface of three pages addressed to the 
 '' Christian Eeader/' by Samuel Hartlib, who says : 
 ^' That which is the concernment of all, ought to be the 
 care of all; but no man can make this to be so; 
 except the spirits of men be raised to a pitch answer- 
 able to the worth of things offered unto them. For as 
 Seneca saith, Magnoanimode rebus magnisjudicandum 
 est ; alias illarum vitium esse videbitur quod nostrum 
 est." And further, " I have in my station bin faithful 
 to offer objects of this and some other kinde unto the 
 Publike, to provoke every one to minde the best things 
 for their owne and the Publike Good ; and although 
 in this endeavour, wherein for many years I have 
 continued in the midst of some difficulties, and all our 
 Changes, and have spent myself thereupon as upon a 
 necessary duty ; yet I have found no great Encourage- 
 ment thereunto from abroad, more then what mine 
 own resolution (to persevere faithful unto the end in 
 well doing) did suggest unto me ; nevertheless I hope 
 I shall not faint." And again, ''I will very gladly 
 spend and be spent for the good of others, although 
 
SAMUEL HARTLIB'S PUBLICATIONS. 79 
 
 for the most part it proves a thankless office^ and the 
 more abundantly one is found to love the Publike, 
 the less he is loved/^ 
 
 The treatise consists of 24 pages. The first page 
 begins : ^^ A Discovery for New Divisions, or, Setting 
 out of Lands, as to the best Forme : Imparted in 
 a letter to Samuel Hartlib, Esquire ;^^ signed by his 
 "Most faithful, thankful Friend, and humble Servant, 
 Cressy Dymock,^' on the 11th page. At page 22 is 
 another letter from C. D. The remainder consists of 
 miscellaneous matters ; the last page being " An 
 Advertisement to the Reader concerning the fore-going 
 Expositions of Sal Terr£e,'' that is " Nitre,'' or " Sal- 
 peter ;'' signed, " Thy willing and most assured servant, 
 Samuel Hartlib.'' 
 
 He published, says Sir Egerton Brydges, in the 
 Gentleman's Mag. Yol. 72, p. 14, a treatise on "Set- 
 ting liand," also ^^ Adam's Art revived ;'' but the latter 
 seems to belong properly to Sir Hugh Piatt, according 
 to Harte's Essays on Husbandry. 
 
 XXY. 
 
 A True and Readie Way to Learne the Latine Tongue. 
 Attested by Three Excellently Learned and ap- 
 proved Authors of Three Nations : Eilhardus 
 Lubinus, a German ; Mr. Richard Carew, of 
 Anthony in Cornwall ; The French Lord of Mon- 
 taigne. Presented to the Unpartiall, both Publick 
 
80 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 
 and Private Considerations of those that seek the 
 Advancement of Learning in these Nations. By 
 Samuel Hartlib, Esq. — London, Printed by R. 
 and W. Leybourn for the Common-wealth of 
 Learning, mdcliv. 
 
 A quarto of 52 pages^ dedicated "To the Right 
 Honourable Francis Rous, Esquire; Speaker of the 
 Parliament of the Common-wealth of England/' He 
 observes : — " In the Sphere wherein I have walked, my 
 Aime hath been rather to take away the Difficulties 
 then to lay them open, rather to suggest a Remedie 
 then to discourse of the Diseases ; for there is no end 
 of Complaints on all hands, seeing each Party doth lay 
 open the others faults ; and few or none tell us, how 
 they ought to be mended.^' Speaking of '* Education, 
 and the Reformation of Schools,^^ he says : " My 
 honoured Friend Mr. John Amos Comenius, and some 
 other Fellow-labours and Correspondents in this Work 
 with my self, have studied to make as little alteration 
 as could be, seeking onely the best Advantages which 
 upon the Ordinary Foundations of School-teaching 
 could be introduced : and in this Endeavour for a great 
 many years we have continued, and many wayes at- 
 tempts have been made to facilitate the course of 
 Universall Learning, and especially the teaching of 
 Learned Tongues.^'' Adding, '"'■ And because it is no 
 small difficultie and hazard to venture upon the contra- 
 dicting of a Custome so universally received, as is the 
 
SAMUEL HARTLIB'S PUBLICATIONS. 81 
 
 Grammatical Tyranny of teaching Tongues ; There- 
 fore I am willing to make an Appeal, and seek out an 
 Eminent Patron for this bold Attempt/^ not doubting an 
 impartial judgment, rather than suspecting " all New 
 Designes as light Projects of unsetled braines/^ He 
 declares that prosecuting ways to advance learning 
 '' hath been a great part of my Study above these 
 twenty years [from 1630-34?] : nor have I been alone 
 in this Work, but many others of great Worth and 
 Abilities, have been obliged to contribute their help 
 unto me/^ He states that his object in the present 
 Treatise is — " to introduce a Better, Easier, and Readier 
 way of Teaching/^ 
 
 He takes as a motto, the words of Lord Bacon, in 
 his Advancement of Learning : — " All those things are 
 to be held possible and performable, which may be 
 accompHsht by some Persons, though not by every one ; 
 and which may be done by the united labours of many, 
 though not by any one apart ; and which may be finisht 
 by the Publique Care and Charge, though not by the 
 Ability and Industry of Particular Persons/' 
 
 The pamphlet consists of the three following 
 treatises : — 
 
 ^' The true and ready way to learn the Latin e 
 Tongue, expressed in an Epistolary Discourse of Eil- 
 hardius Lubinus, before his New Edition of the New 
 Testament/' 
 
 The same subject — *'*' Expressed in answer to a 
 
 a 
 
82 BIBLIOGKAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 
 Quere/^ by tlie " late Learned and judicious Gentleman 
 Mr. Richard Carew.'^ 
 
 And lastly^ tlie same from Montaigne^ s " Essay es. 
 Lib. 1. Cap. 25, p. 84.^^ 
 
 According to a comment made by Mr. Bliss, it was 
 Richard Carew, son of the author of the same name 
 who wrote a Survey of Cornwall j 1602, who published 
 '^ The true and ready way to learn the Latin tongue ; 
 in answer to a quere. Whether the ordinary way of 
 teaching Latin by the Rules of Grammar, is the 
 best way for youth to learn it ?" This is involved 
 in a book (says Wood) published by a Dutchman 
 called Sam. Hartlib, Esq. ; entitled — ^' The true and 
 ready way to learn the Latin Tongue, &c. 1654.^' See 
 Ath. Ox. 3rd ed. Vol. ii., continued by Philip Bliss. 
 4to. 1815. page 286. 
 
 XXYI. 
 
 Chymical, Medicinal, and Chyrurgical Addresses : Made 
 to Samuel Hartlib, Esquire, viz. 1. Whether the 
 Urim and Thummim were given in the Mount, or 
 perfected by Art; 2. Sir George Ripley's Epistle 
 to King Edward unfolded ; 3. Gabriel Plats Caveat 
 for Alchymists ; 4. A conference concerning the 
 Phylosophers Stone; 5. An Invitation to a free 
 and generous Communication of Secrets and 
 Receits in Physick ; &c. — London, Printed by G. 
 Dawson for Giles Calvert at the Black- spread 
 Eagle at the west end of Pauls. 12mo. 1655. 
 
SAMUEL HARTLUB'S PUBLICATIONS. 83 
 
 Beyond tlie Title page there is no further allusion to 
 Hartlib until page 153^ where William De Kand^ in a 
 letter dated 2nd November^ 1654, alludes to his per- 
 sonal communication with his ^^ worthy friend, Samuel 
 Hartlib, Esq., (the great lover and promoter to his 
 power) of all ingenious Arts, and Artists whatsoever,^' 
 in Amsterdam. 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 The reformed Common- Wealth of Bees. Presented in 
 severall letters and Observations to Samuel Hart- 
 lib, Esq. With the Eeformed Virginian Silk- worm. 
 Containing many Excellent and Choice Secrets, 
 Experiments and Discoveries for attaining of Na- 
 tional and Private Profits and Eiches. — London, 
 Printed for Giles Calvert at the Black- Spread 
 Eagle at the West-end of Pauls. 4to. 1655. 
 
 In two parts, each part having a separate title page. 
 
 The first leaf of this quarto pamphlet contains '^ The 
 summary of the Sections in the following Epistolary 
 Treatise of Bees.'' Among other matters are : — ^''Dr. 
 Arnold Boats Observations ;" '' The New Bee-hive," 
 invented by ^' Thomas Brown, Dr. in Divinity, and of the 
 Civil Laws f " Mr. Hartlib's Letter," to Mr. Mewe ; 
 " Mr. Christ. Wren's" transparent Bee-hive, &c. The 
 treatise on Bees extends from page 1 to 64. ^^ Mr. 
 Hartlib's letter to that worthy Minister, at Eastlington, 
 
 G 2 
 
84: BIBLIOGEAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 
 Mr. Will. Mewe,^^ informs us of a present of books : " Be 
 pleased to accept of the adjoyned Packet with several 
 Treatises and Books_, wherein also you will happily find 
 something,, which may give occasion to your ingenious 
 spirit, to try some other Conclusions of Hubandry 
 with delight and Profit : for God's Ways to such as find 
 them are full of both.'' He concludes a lengthy letter 
 on the subject of Bees, by remarking : " You see how 
 large and free I am, but your Ingenuity hath provoked 
 me, and I aime at nothing, but what may be an advantage 
 to the Publique, and a matter of credit and due respect 
 to be yielded to your self, by" the writer, who dates 
 his communication from Charing Cross, 17th of No- 
 vember, 1653. 
 
 The second portion of the treatise commences with a 
 new title, a leaf of preface, and has a new paging from 
 1 to 40. Thus:— 
 
 ^^ The Reformed Virginian Silk-Worm ; Or, a Rare 
 and New Discovery of a speedy way, and easie means, 
 found out by a young Lady in England, she having 
 made full proof thereof in May, Anno 1650, &c. &c. — 
 London, Printed by John Streater, for Giles Calvert at 
 the Black- Spread-Eagle at the West-end of Pauls. 
 1655." 
 
 xxvin. 
 
 A Case of Conscience ; Whether it be lawful to admit 
 Jews into a Christian Commonwealth ? Resolved 
 
SAMUEL HARTLIB'S PUBLICATIONS. 85 
 
 by Mr. Jokn Dury : Written to Samuel Hartlib^ 
 Esq. — London, Printed for Ricliard Wodenotbe, 
 in Leadenhall-Streetj next to the Golden Heart, 
 pp. 12. 4to. 1656. 
 
 The letter is subscribed, '^ Your most affectionate and 
 faitliful servant in Christ,— John Dury,^^ and dated 
 '' Cassell, in haste, Jan. 8, 1656.^' 
 
 Harl. Mis. edit, by Oldys and Park, 4to. Vol. vii. 
 page 251, 1811. And the same, 8vo. Yol. vi. 1810, 
 page 438. 
 
 See the notice of this work by Mr. Crossley in his In- 
 troduction, and in a Note, p. 83, appended to his Diary 
 of Dr. Worthington. 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 The Compleat Husband-man; or, A discourse of the 
 whole Art of Husbandry, both Forraign and Do- 
 mestick. Wherein many rare and most hidden 
 secrets and experiments are laid open to the view 
 of all, for the enriching of these Nations. Unto 
 which is added, A Particular discourse of the Na- 
 turall History and Husbandry of Ireland. By 
 Samuel Hartlib, Esq. 2 pt. 4to. 1659. 
 
 The second part has a special title page, as follows, 
 dated 1652 : ^^ An appendix to the legacie of husban- 
 dry ; or, a seed plot of annotations upon the legacie 
 aforesaid. With an interrogatorie, relating more par- 
 
86 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF 
 
 ticularly to the liusbandiy^ and naturall history of Ire- 
 land. — London, Printed and are to be sold by Edward 
 Brewster, at the Crane in Paulas Churchyard. 1659.^' 
 
 The first three pages comprise an address, by Samuel 
 Hartlib to the '^ Courteous Reader.^^ 
 
 " The Discourse^ (he says) which I did formerly pub- 
 lish concerning the Brabant-Husbandry, was somewhat 
 imperfect, nor was the author thereof then known unto 
 me.''^ But having " lighted upon a more perfect copy/' 
 he intends a second edition, ^^ to the end that Ingenuity 
 and Industry may want no encouragement ;" meanwhile 
 he offers " these enlargements upon the same subject, 
 wherein you will finde diverse other wayes, and no 
 lesse (if not more) profitable, then that which' was left 
 by Sir Richard Weston, (author of the Brabant Hus- 
 bandry) as a Legacie to his sons.'^ He then gives the 
 Introduction to his said discourse, headed — ^^ Sir 
 Richard Weston, late of Sutton, in the County of 
 Surrey, his Legacie to his Sons, &c. Anno Dom. 1645.^' 
 This occupies the first three pages, followed by ^' A large 
 Letter concerning the Defects and Remedies of Eng- 
 lish Husbandry, written to Mr. Samuel Hartlib/^ which, 
 ending at page 81, is dated 1651, and is followed by 
 several short letters, one dated 1650, down to page 80 ; 
 and the treatise closes with two more of miscellaneous 
 matter: All the letters have the mark — , two 
 
 parallel lines of an inch or more in length, used by 
 Cressy Dymock. 
 
SAMUEL HARTLIB'S PUBLICATIONS. 87 
 
 A later edition lias a second part, entitled : — 
 
 " An Appendix to the Legacie of Husbandry : A Seed- 
 plot of Annotations upon tlie Legacie aforesaid. With 
 an Interrogatorie relating more particularly to the 
 Husbandry and Naturall History of Ireland. Printed 
 for Kichard Wodenothe. mdclii. 4to.''' [pp. 103-118.] 
 
 This opens with a letter from Samuel Hartlib, " To 
 his worthy and very much Honoured Friend, the Author 
 of the large Letter of Husbandry.^* He remarks, ^' You 
 may perceive by these Additionals to your large 
 Letter, which you wrote to gratifie my desires, that the 
 Publique hath been benefited by your Communications, 
 which was all that I intended, by setting you upon that 
 worke/^ The Annotations are dated 1651-52. Follow- 
 ing page 118, is another title : — 
 
 ^^ An Interrogatory relating more particularly to the 
 Husbandry and Naturall History of Ireland. Printed 
 for Richard Wodenothe. mdclii. 4to.''' 
 
 Thirteen leaves follow, not paged. On the last page 
 is a list of ^^ The Titles of other Treatises of Universal 
 Husbandry, lately published for the general benefit of 
 the Nation, by Samuel Hartlib.''^ These are, " The Re- 
 formed Husbandman ;" " An Essay for Advancement of 
 Husbandry-learning ;" and " An Invention of Engines 
 of Motion." The whole " Printed by R. Wodenothe in 
 Leaden-hall Market, next door to the Golden Hart. 
 1652." 
 
88 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE. 
 
 XXX. 
 
 An Essay upon Master W. Potter^s Designe : Concern- 
 ing a Bank of Lands to be erected throughout this 
 Common-wealth. Whereby Lands may be im- 
 proved in a New Way to become the ground for 
 increase of Trading, and of PubHque and Private 
 Eevenues, and Accommodations. Represented 
 thus briefly, by a Person of singular Zeal and Inte- 
 grity to all Publike Interest : To the end, that the 
 Author's own Conceptions may be taken notice of 
 by others, and be draw'n forth to make out this 
 Great Businesse more fully in due time. — London, 
 Printed for Richard Wodenothe, in Leaden-hall- 
 street. 4to. [no date.'] 
 It opens with page 27, headed ^' An Essay upon 
 Mr. W. Potter's Designe concerning a Bank of Lands 
 to be erected throughout this Common-wealth/^ and 
 ends at page 33. 
 
 Although thus printed for separate circulation, it is 
 the second part of the pamphlet entitled, "A disco verie 
 for division or setting out of Land, &c.'' 4to. 1653. 
 
;«— — — 5K 
 
 TWO LETTEES 
 
 FHOM 
 
 CRESSY DYMOCK, 
 
 ONE OF SAMUEI, HAETLIB's CORIIESPONDENTS ON 
 nUSBANDEY ; 
 
 BEING A REPRINT OF THE PAMPHLET 
 
 ENTITLED 
 
 ^^ AN INVENTION OF ENGINES OF MOTION/^ 
 
 WITH 
 
 A BIOGEAPHICAL NOTICE 
 
 OF ITS AUTHOR. 
 
 BY HENRY DIECKS, ESQ., 
 
 CIVIL ENGINEEB, ETC. ETC. 
 
 LONDON. 
 1865. 
 
 ^ ___.^ . ^ 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL NOTICE 
 
 OF 
 
 CRESSY DYMOCK, 
 
 AUTHOR OF AN "INVENTION OF ENGINES OP MOTION," AND 
 WORKS RELATING TO HUSBANDRY. 
 
 We are indebted to the voluminous correspondence 
 of Samuel Hartlib, for clearing up all doubt respecting 
 the authorship of the work in question. 
 
 Writing to the Honourable Eobert Boyle* from his 
 house at Charing Cross, under date the 28th of Febru- 
 arjj 1653 (old style), he observes, among other matters, 
 *^By the last post I received an unexpected letter from 
 the Scottish lord Forbes, in these very lines. ' Having 
 newly seen three small pieces, one called, An InventioUj 
 &c. ; another. The reformed Husbandman ; the third 
 called. An Essay for Advancement of Husbandry -Learn- 
 ing ;t I perceive you are still the old man, and your 
 incessant endeavours to advance a public good is never 
 wanting, though such be many times misregarded and 
 not rewarded. 
 
 * Boyle's Works, 5 vols, folio, 1745, Vol. v. p. 259. 
 t See conclusion of preceding article, No. XXIX. page 87 ; 
 and also No. XIV. page 65. 
 
92 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE OF 
 
 '^ ' Since it is my lot to be here [Stockholm], where 
 I have been ever since I did come from England, by 
 that act of banishment, and resolve, God willing, to 
 stay here, till it please God to send better times ; out 
 of the acquaintance I have formerly had with you, I 
 am bold to entreat you to acquaint me with what effect 
 those three treatises have taken ; and if they be prac- 
 ticable, communicate your knowledge with your old 
 friend. But if, for lack of patrons, such talents lie so 
 long hid [1651-1654], if the gentleman that writes to 
 you, or any instructed or taught by him, will do me the 
 favour to come hither to Sweden, I will find him 
 patrons, that will afford him a plentiful maintenance/ 
 
 ^^The letter is dated Stockholm , the 21st of January, 
 1654. I should be wilKng to part with him into Swe- 
 den, or any other place which he could fancy : as to his 
 invention of motion, of which I am no more so fond as 
 I was wont to be. Not that there is any defect in the 
 said invention, but, according to the saying of Terence, 
 Tcsdit harum quotidianarum formarum, there appearing 
 a far greater beauty and perfection in some other in- 
 ventions of the same kind, which are going through my 
 hands at this present j of which I shall be able to give 
 you a more particular account shortly, there being 
 already a reference made by his Highness, for a patent 
 for 14 years. But that other part of his public and private 
 usefulness, as to all the parts of husbandry (I speak 
 still of Mr. Dymock), is now the more to be regarded. 
 
CRESSY DYMOCK. 93 
 
 and deservetli far better to be cherislied and supported, 
 than hitherto it hath been. Yet I hope he shall not 
 need to go into Sweden for patronage/^ 
 
 The three works named are clearly, therefore, the 
 production of Cressy Dymock, the same who the next 
 year after their publication, namely in 1652, wrote A 
 discovery for division or setting out of Landj in which 
 is one letter signed in full, Cressy Dymock, and ano- 
 ther, C. D., while the letters of the tracts. Engines of 
 Motion, and the Advice on Husbandry, have only the 
 mark of two parallel lines =zzzz^ from one to two 
 inches long, and about a quarter of an inch wide, which 
 must have been his device. 
 
 The editor has not met with any bibliographical or 
 biograpliical notices of Cressy Dymock, but, from the 
 uncommonness of the name, which may be traced to 
 Lincolnshire, it is probable his family belonged to that 
 county. 
 
 Among the Harleian* and the Additional MSS.f 
 in the Library of the British Museum, are two volumes 
 of each, containing short pedigrees of the family of 
 Dymock. 
 
 Writing to Boyle,t on the 8th of May, 1654, Hartlib 
 observes : — " Honest Mr. Dymock is blamed almost by 
 every body, though the fault, in my judgment, be as 
 
 * No. 1052, Art. 173 ; and No. 1233, Art. No. 96. 
 t No. 5531, p. 83 ; and No. 5937, p. 83, b. 
 X Boyle'8 Works, 5th vol. folio, 1744, p. 264. 
 
94 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE OF 
 
 muclij if not morej in them tliat blame Mm. The Earl 
 of Worcester* is buying Yauxliall from Mr. Trenchard, 
 to bestow tlie use of tliat bouse upon Gaspar Calcbof 
 and bis son^f ^^ long as tbey sball live ; for be intends 
 to make it a college of artisans ; wbicb^ if it go forward, 
 I sball get Mr. Dymock into it^ tbougb I bad ratber be 
 should superintend a college of busbandmen, wbenso- 
 ever it can be founded.'^ 
 
 Tbe Dymock family is of noted consequence in tbe 
 pageantry of a Coronation^ baving by ancient rigbt tbe 
 privilege of serving as tbe King's Cbampion. On tbis 
 matter Mr. Nicbols bas collected some interesting par- 
 ticulars. Tbe Cbampion is entitled to bave on tbe 
 Coronation day one of tbe King's great coursers, with 
 a saddle, harness, and trappings of cloth of gold, and 
 one of the best suits of armour, with cases of cloth of 
 gold, and all such other things appertaining to the 
 King's body as entirely as the King ought to bave them 
 on going into mortal battle. And attended by the 
 High Constable and Marshal of England, with the 
 King's Herald, a trumpet being sounded before him, 
 to come riding into the Hall to the place where the 
 King crowned sits at dinner. When tbe trumpet 
 ceases, and proclamation has been made, whoever can 
 
 * Always so styled during the Commonwealth, although a 
 Marquis. 
 
 t Properly — Caspar Kaltoff and liis son-in-law. 
 
CEESSY DYMOCK. 95 
 
 do so is called on to gainsay the same, here being his 
 champion ready by his body to assert and maintain 
 that he lies like a false traitor , and in that quarrel 
 adventures his life on any day that shall be assigned 
 him ; saying which he throws down his gauntlet j and 
 no quarrel ensuing, the Sovereign drinks to his cham- 
 pion in a gold cup with a cover; 
 
 At the Coronation of Charles II., the claimant for 
 this honour was Edward Dymock, Esq., being lawfully 
 possessed of the Manor of Scrivelsby, Lincoln, who was 
 adjudged as entitled to perform that service, and to 
 receive the fees and allowances. 
 
 Another claimant was Eobert Heywood, as rightful 
 heir of Robert Dymock, Esq. 
 
 And thirdly, the office was claimed by Cressy Dy- 
 mock, Esq., as cousin and heir of Charles Dymock, 
 Esq., son and heir of Sir Edward Dymock, Knt., son 
 and heir of Robert Dymock, son and heir of Sir 
 Edward Dymock, Knt., father of Arthur Dymock, Esq., 
 father of John Dymock, Esq., the father of Thomas 
 Dymock, the petitioner's father ; and which first men- 
 tioned Charles Dymock, dying without issue, the peti- 
 tioner, as his cousin and heir, is lawfully seized in his 
 own demesne as of fee, of the said Manor of Scrivelsby 
 in the County of Lincoln.* 
 
 * Collections relating to Claims at the Coronations of several 
 Kings of England.— London, J. H. Nichols and Son. 8vo. 1838. 
 
96 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE OF 
 
 Among Dymock's several letters contributed to 
 ^' Samuel Hartlib his Legacie : or an enlargement of the 
 Discourse of Husbandry. 4to. 1651^^^ is one on ^^ The 
 severall things observed and set down during my stay 
 in the Countrey/' He says : ^' T went into the Isle of 
 Ely, to see one of the Holland-mills, for dreyning ; 
 though set up there and kept by certain Frenchmen. 
 The Invention seemed to me but mean and rude, and 
 Mr. Wheeler's way much more ingenious. 
 
 '^ I saw at Wicklesen the manner of your Holland 
 sluces. The mines of a Cochlea, for the emptjdng and 
 dreining of water, of which Ubaldus hath writ a whole 
 Treatise. Likewise a pretty kinde of Pinnace with 
 ordinance, somewhat like a close Litter, but flat-bot- 
 tomed; which rowed with wheeles instead of oares, 
 imployed it seems formerly with admirable successe, 
 for the taking in of Crowland, and which gave me a 
 proofe of what I for many years have thought possible, 
 and of very great use and service, and still think is of 
 unknowne value, if it were skilfully indeed framed, and 
 applyed as it might be.-'^ 
 
 Dymock seems to have been an observant man, 
 curious in all matters of improvement affecting agri- 
 culture or the useful arts. We find him here remarking 
 on the Dutch draining mills, superintended by French 
 mechanics ; the Cochlea, or Archimedian screw, then 
 still in use for elevating water ; and lastly a manumotive 
 paddle-boat. This novel mode of propulsion he admits 
 
CRESSY DYMOCK. 97 
 
 had often been meditated by himself, and he was, 
 therefore, dehghted to see this Gondola-framed and 
 armed pinnace realizing what he had only imagined. 
 Men are often thus struck with an idea, and deficient in 
 details and ability to arrange, combine, and complete 
 the invention, satisfy themselves, when they see what 
 others effect, that the first conception and the practical 
 development are essentially the same, just as though by 
 imagination they could construct castles. 
 
 Dymock had an opportunity, when writing to 
 Hartlib on ^^ Engines of Motion,^^ either to explain 
 himself fully, or to write of the matter like a me- 
 chanic. But he is altogether so vague, that no other 
 conclusion can be drawn from his opening remarks, than 
 that his Mills were to be worked by some self-motive 
 agency ; that in short he had discovered the perpetual 
 motion ! ITie pamphlet is dated 1651, and as late as 
 August, 1658, Hartlib, in his letters, writes to Mr. Boyle 
 informing him of Becker's similar discovery; so that only 
 seven years later literary and scientific men moving 
 in the best circles of society looked on its possibility as 
 an accredited fact. It is not surprising, therefore, that 
 Hartlib, who made no pretence to scientific knowledge, 
 readily listened to a man of Dymock^s versatile, active, 
 and intelligent mind. But where argument fails ex- 
 perience steps in with stern decision ; and it was only 
 after the mills doggedly refused to grind of themselves, 
 that Hartlib exclaimed with Terence — Taedit harum 
 
98 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE OF 
 
 quotidianarum formanim, — I am weary of these con- 
 tinual forms,, or applications, to take up sucli profitless 
 schemes. With all his hopefulness Hartlib was far 
 from being of a speculative turn j it was only when con- 
 vinced of some ultimate public good that he staked his 
 reputation on a venture. In some matters he may 
 appear to have been Utopian, but he always erred on 
 the right side, only over-estimating the improvability 
 of poor frail human nature, and relying too fondly on 
 the affectionate regard of the great world around him ; 
 but the sad resulyu assured him that the latter was as 
 unimpressible by individual distress, as the former was 
 unchangeable by individual efforts. 
 
 We are at present interested in Cressy Dymock, first 
 as the author of An Invention of Engines of Motion ; 
 and next as regards the nature of the invention of which 
 he had a large model at Lambeth. 
 
 His two letters are extremely indefinite ; they indi- 
 cate no peculiarity in the mechanical construction of the 
 mills recommended, make no offers of terms, and 
 promise no guarantee for the proposed remarkable 
 performances of the invention declared to exist in a 
 model form. 
 
 The devotional style of the writer is scarcely to be 
 offered in extenuation of this meagre information; 
 indeed it looks too much like an avoidance on the part 
 of the inventor of committing himself to what he might 
 fail to execute on trial elsewhere, or on a larger scale* 
 
CRESSY DYMOCK. 99 
 
 His promises amount to an assurance that all mills of 
 ordinary construction will be superseded by his won- 
 derful discovery. 
 
 We naturally ask, therefore, had three years' experi- 
 ence taught Hartlib that there was some fallacy in the 
 new scheme, that it was too much like a perpetual 
 motion of the old order, obliging him in consequence 
 to declare that he was weary of such offers of doubt- 
 ful improvement. 
 
 As Hartlib paid several writers, who were in reduced 
 circumstances and engaged on works of which he 
 defrayed the pubhsliiug expenses, Cressy Dymock 
 may have been one of this class of humble, yet 
 educated and informed authors j which would explain 
 Hartlib^s expression, "I should be willing to part 
 with him, provided that sending him to Sweden would 
 better his fortune.^^ That he was in some* esteem 
 we gather from Hartlib designating him '^ honest Mr. 
 Dymock."* 
 
 In the absence of better information we can only 
 judge of his invention of Engines of Motion by the 
 context, which associates them with schemes for " per- 
 petual motion ;" but by what means he supposed he 
 had attained it he wisely and prudently reserves, as too 
 startling and too likely to stop instead of creating 
 inquiry. The evasion of direct allusion to the mecha- 
 
 * Boyle's Works, 5 vols. fol. 1745. Vol. 5th, p. 264. 
 
 H 2 
 
100 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE. 
 
 nical difficulty overcome, and the obscurity thrown over 
 the whole, leaves little or no doubt that Dymock had 
 deluded himself, and disappointed Hartlib in this one 
 particular instance, obliging him to express himself 
 candidly to the philosophical Boyle, — "as to his 
 Invention of Motion, of which I am no more so fond 
 as I was wont to be j'^ — that is, dating from 1651 to 
 1654. 
 
 It is important to explain this fully, in order that 
 this project of " Engines of Motion*^ may be placed in 
 a true light in future histories of the Steam Engine, 
 with which great invention it has not the most remote 
 connection. Nothing, indeed, but its mysterious details 
 and character could have justified the assumed relation 
 between the two in former publications. 
 
8 
 
 8 
 
 s 
 
 8 
 
 s 
 
 8 
 S 
 S 
 S 
 
 B 
 
 AN 
 
 INVENTION 
 
 Engines of Motion 
 
 LATELY 
 
 Brought to perfection, 
 
 WHEREBY 
 
 May be difpatched any work ^ 
 
 now done in England or elfewhere (ef- 
 
 pecially Works that require flrength 
 
 and fwiftnefs) either by Windj 
 
 Water, Cattel or Men, S 
 
 AND 
 
 That with better accomodation, and more profit then by 
 
 anything hitherto known 
 
 and ufed. 
 
 LONDON, 
 
 Printed by T. C. for Richard Woodnoth, next door to the 
 Golden hearty In Leaden-Hall-Street. 
 165I. 
 
103 
 A PASSAGE 
 
 OUT OF THE 
 
 Lord Verulams 
 
 NOVUM ORGAN ON, 
 
 TRANSLATED OUT OF LATIN E. 
 
 The introduction of Noble Inventions seemetli to be 
 the very chief of all humane actions^ which former 
 Ages sufficiently witnessed ; in as much as they attri- 
 buted Divine Honours to such Inventors, whereas they 
 alotted only the Honour or Title of Heroes to the well 
 deserving in civil Affaires j such as are the Founders of 
 Cities and Empires, Law-makers, the deliverers of their 
 Countrey from long and tedious mischiefs, the suppres- 
 sions of Tyrannies, and the like. And truly, whosoever 
 shall well scan the matter, he shall find this verdict of 
 the auncients to be very just. For the benefits of new 
 Inventions may extend to all [m] ankind universally ; 
 but the good of civil atchievements can respect but 
 some particular Cantons of men ; these latter do not 
 endure above a few ages, the former for ever. More- 
 over, the Keformation of States in civil affairs for the 
 most part, is not compassed without violence and dis- 
 
104 
 
 turbances : But Inventions make all men happy without 
 either injury or dammage to any one single person. 
 Furthermore, new Inventions are as it were new Crea- 
 tions, and Imitations of God's own works. 
 
 Again, it were good to take notice of the vertue, 
 efficacy, and consequences of Inventions, which are 
 scarce more conspicuous in any, then in these three, 
 unknown to the Auncients, and whose beginnings 
 (although but of late) are obscure and unrenowned, to 
 wit, the Art of Printing, Gunpowder, and the Marriners' 
 Needle. For these three have changed the face of 
 things throughout the whole world. The first in the 
 matter of Learning, the second in that of War, and the 
 last in Navigation : From whence have followed an 
 innumerable change of things, so that no Empire, no 
 Sect, nor no Constellation seemeth to have had a 
 greater influence upon humane affairs, then these 
 Mechanical Inventions have had. 
 
105 
 
 A LETTER 
 
 TO 
 
 MR. SAMUEL HARTLIB, 
 
 CONCERNING 
 
 AN INVENTION OF ENGINES OF MOTION, 
 
 LATELY BROUGnT TO PERFECTION. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 Whereas by the blessing of God, who only is 
 the giver of every good and perfect gift, while I was 
 searching after that which many far before me in all 
 humane learning have sought, but not yet found, 
 (viz.) a Perpetual Motion or self-motion, or a lessening 
 the distance between strength and time ; though I say 
 not that I have yet fully obtained the thing it self, yet I 
 have advanced so near it, that already I can with the 
 strength or help of 4. men, do any work which is 
 done in England, whether by wind, water, or horses, 
 as the grinding of Wheat, Rape, or raising of waters : 
 Not by any power or wisdom of mine own, but by God^s 
 
106 
 
 assistance, and (I liumbly hope after a sort) immediate 
 direction, I have been guided in that search to tread 
 in another path, then any other man that I can hear or 
 read of, did tread before me, yet with so good success, 
 that I have already erected one little Engine or great 
 Model at Lambathj able to give sufficient demonstration 
 to either Artist or any other person, that my Invention 
 is as useful and beneficial (let others say upon proof 
 how much more) as any other way of working hitherto 
 known or used. 
 
 Having therefore brought it to the birth, I confess I 
 am pained to be delivered ; but want the help of some 
 good Neighbours, or rather the child being indeed 
 bom, and that kind and faithful Office performed by 
 your self, without whose help as the chief Instrument^ 
 I could hardly have brought it forth. The next care is 
 for a good Nurse, lest the Infant perish for want of 
 timely nourishment. And this also I hope to obtain 
 by your farther negotiation and assistance, that so this 
 talent may not be hid under a Bushel, but be imparted 
 for the general use of Mankind, and for the comfort of 
 all that Family, to whom this so hopeful an issue doth 
 belong. I must confess ingenuously, that if God as 
 the efficient cause, and your self as his proper Instru- 
 ment, had not (in a manner alone) supported and 
 encouraged both my spirit & hands from time to 
 time, there would have been little or nothing of it 
 extant at this time, if the undertaking had not quite 
 
107 
 
 miscarried^ so good a Nurse have you been both to me 
 and it. This (dear Sir) I speak the rather, that I may 
 encourage you through the love of God to every 
 good and laudable purpose, not to grow weary 
 in your mind, notwithstanding that infinite corrup- 
 tion you meet in the wayes of men to stop your 
 course, but to continue still as heretofore you have done 
 in a course of patient well-doing, and to cast your 
 bread upon many waters ; for assuredly of this seed you 
 will reap an abundant Harvest in due time, if you faint 
 not ; And if this age should not resent so gratefully 
 as they ought, all the labours of your love, which you 
 have, and I know more and more intend to express by 
 the grace of God, for the universal good of the whole 
 Nation : yet Posterity perhaps may, when they shall 
 consider how instrumental you have been not only to 
 contribute to the building of many Colledges of Piety 
 and Learning ; but also to set forwards the best meanes, 
 that can be held forth to any industrious or ingenious 
 people, of livelihood and outward riches, by a reformed 
 way of Husbandry : Of which that of saving and multi- 
 plying Corn is one of the chief and most substantial 
 parts. 
 
 As for the Invention formerly mentioned, of better 
 and more accomodate wayes of grinding, my purpose 
 is not (at present) to enlarge my self therein, nor men- 
 tion those very many uses for which they are to be 
 fitted; but only to intimate the goodness of these 
 
108 
 
 kind of Engines, as they stand compared to other com- 
 mon Mills, by a short measuring scale here inclosed. 
 And so I commend you to God^s favour and blessing, 
 as also my self and the whole business, which is the 
 continued prayer of 
 
 Sir, 
 Your most faithful and obliged 
 Friend and humblest 
 Servant, 
 March the 10, 1651. — 
 
 A Scale to measure the Uses and profits of my Engines 
 by as it stands compared with others. All commonly 
 known Causes of strong and swift Motion are 
 concluded under these 6. heads. 
 
 Springs Men Water 
 
 Weights Wind Horses. 
 
 For the first, two, viz. Springs and Weights, they 
 are rather used for Watches, or Clocks, or .Tacks, then 
 for Mill-works, and are therefore not necessary to be 
 taken notice of here. 
 
 For the third, viz. Men, they are used for strong 
 Motions often; but those motions are slowe, as 
 Graining up of Goods or the like, and as for Mill-works, 
 they are only used for grinding of small quantities of 
 Malt, in those Engines, commonly called Quernes or 
 Hand-Mills, and for turning of grinding Stones, and for 
 hand-Pumps which make but small resistance. 
 
109 
 
 For the fourth^ viz. Wind, this is used in great and 
 strong Mill-works J as for the grinding of Corn or Kape^ 
 &c. for sawing of Timber, or for draining of drowned 
 Lands, &c. But these Wind-Mills are liable to these 
 inconveniencies. 
 
 First, they are only to be erected upon Hills, or open 
 plains, and therefore not useful in all places, 
 
 Secondly, they are not without some danger of being 
 broken, and that not the Sailes only, (which though 
 frequent are mendable) but sometimes to be torn in 
 peeces, yea tumbled quite down by the violent and 
 suddain storms, which (though it happens but seldom) 
 yet in respect it may so be, and in respect of the great 
 losse, both of life and goods that necessarily foUowes, 
 there is sufficient argument to deterre any man from 
 building such Mills where others (lesse hazardous) can 
 be set up. Though not to neglect the use of them, 
 where no other can be had. 
 
 Thirdly, such storms and gustie winds, though they 
 alwayes break not the whole Mill nor its sails, yet it 
 often compels it to stand still, or if it go it grinds 
 untowardly, sometimes too high, presently too low, and 
 is apt to heat, &c. And the same makes the deale- 
 boards that are sawed by each Mills so ruffe and 
 shagged, from hence also it is that in the drayning 
 works, of this nature, the tackling is very apt to break. 
 
 Fourthly, Calmes are all the year long, and especi- 
 ally in Summer so frequent, that upon enquiry, I am 
 
110 
 
 confident it will appeare that most Wind-Mills stand 
 still above half the year^ though not altogether at one 
 time. And for this cause no man will grind at a 
 Windmill, that can as conveniently grind at a Water- 
 Mill ; And he may have grist when the wind serves not^. 
 or want when the wind serves. 
 
 Fifthly, The Cog-wheels in most Wind-Mills are (in 
 the diameter) 8. foot or under (I take the example 
 from one of the best Wind-Mills in the Moore-fields, 
 which I think is not much inferiour to any in England) 
 the trundle is at the least two foot, which is 4. to 
 one. Now I have observed in a pretty stiffe gale, that 
 the sailes, and consequently the Cog-wheele hath gone 
 about eight times in a minute, that is 24. tumes 
 in a minute for the stones : And for the most part 
 of the time they work, it is not above this rate, 
 which cannot dispatch above 3. bushels in one houre, 
 but a good Mill of mine may grind a quarter. 
 
 The 5th. principle of Motion is water, or the Water- 
 Mills : These also are lyable to some inconveniences. 
 
 First, if the foundation be not carefully and skilfully 
 laid, all is in danger to be eradicated. 
 
 Secondly, if the banks of the dam break, the water 
 runs the wrong way. 
 
 Thirdly, in great floods she stirs not. 
 
 Fourthly, in droughts in Summer most Water-Mills 
 want water. 
 
 Fifthly, not one of a hundred hath water at any 
 
Ill 
 
 time of the year to serve day and niglit too, tinlesse 
 they go very weakly and so dispatch but little. 
 
 Sixtly, he that wills erect a Water-Mill is bound to 
 set it up where Nature hath provided a sufficient 
 streame, and cannot have one elsewhere upon any 
 termes. 
 
 Lastly (although Water-Mills be of all other the best 
 yet known or used yet) one with the other through Eng^ 
 land J will not grind above foure bushells in an hour ; 
 whereas a good Mil of mine wil (as is aforesaid) grind 
 a quarter or more ; therefore hath a manifest advantage 
 of all other Mills, and especially in this, that the profit, 
 and charge of mine are present or absent together, so 
 that no custom or profit, not a penny charge. 
 
 The Sixt and last Principle of Motion is the Horse- 
 Mill, (I have heard they use Oxen in the Barbado^s). 
 These (though weaker then wind, or Water-MHls) are 
 the best, for so much as they can do, in respect they 
 may be set up, and made use of almost at all times and 
 places, and are lyable to some defects, or inconveni- 
 -ences, though fewer then the other. 
 
 First, if any or all the Horses dye or be dangerously 
 «ick, the dead horse what ever he cost or was worth, 
 is clearly lost to the Master, and the sick must be 
 supplyed, and remain idle till recovered. 
 
 Secondly, (and this is the only most considerable 
 defect or difference, between mine and this, and that 
 is a great one indeed) The horse Mill is absolutely 
 
112 
 
 incapable of being carried on to the grinding of Corne 
 or sucli strong works : For, The Brewers Mills (the 
 best or greatest, I mean now used in London) move 
 by the strength of 4. horses, under a wheele of 24. 
 feet diameter, which may contain at 4. inches pitch 216 
 cogs, the horses path is not above 18. feet, so that the 
 Cog-wheel over-hangs one further part, these Horses 
 one time with another, draw not above 112 pound 
 weight apiece at most, and move (at most 3 times about 
 in a minute, the whole strength of the 4 is 448. Out of 
 which deduct one 4th part, there remains 336. And 
 216 Cogs is 648 Cogs at work in a minute, these work 
 upon a stone of 4 foot, it may be 4 and a halfe, by a 
 trundle of one foot, or 9 staves at the same pitch, (if 
 of 10 staves it goes stronger but slower) by this account 
 72 is the respective number of turnes, the stone runs 
 about in a minute. 
 
 Note that if this Mill were to grind Wheat with the 
 same stone, it could not move by this trundle, nor 
 with this strength, and a large trundle would not 
 turn the stone so oft in a minute, whereas my Engine 
 prepared for Wheat, wiU bring at least twice so much 
 strength with the Cogs, yet turne the stone at least 
 72 times in a minute. 
 
 Let this serve as a scale to measure all other Appli- 
 cations by ; for what ever wil hold in grinding Wheat, 
 will hold (to give the advantage to my Engines) much 
 more in any other Application, and particularly for 
 
113 
 
 Grinding or squeesing of Sugar-Canes, and raising 
 water ; for which last I have an Invention, yet to come 
 far above this or any thing hitherto knowne (as I at 
 least humbly conceave.) 
 
 ANOTHER LETTER to MR. SAMUEL HARTLIB, 
 
 containing the forementioned invention. 
 
 SiE, — ^I here withall present you with a List of 
 some of the Uses or Applications, for which these 
 Engines are fit (for it is very difficult, if not impossible, 
 to name or find them all at the same time) viz. 
 
 To grind Malt or hard Come. 
 
 To grind Seed for the making of Oyle. 
 
 To grind Colours for Potters, Painters, or Glasse- 
 houses. 
 
 To grind Bark for Tanners. 
 
 To grind Woods for Dyers. 
 
 To grind spices or Snufie-Tobacco. 
 
 To grind Brick, Tile, Stones, or Earth for plaster. 
 
 To grind Sugar-Canes. 
 
 To draw up Coales, Stores, Ure or the like, or 
 Materialls for great and high buildings. 
 
 To draw Wyre. 
 
 To draw water from Mines. 
 
 To draw water from Meers or Fens. 
 
 To draw Water to serve Cities, Townes, Castles, &c. 
 
 I 
 
114 
 
 To draw up water to flood dry grounds, or to water 
 grounds. 
 
 To draw or hale ships, boats, &c. up Kivers against 
 the stream. 
 
 To draw Carts, Wagons, &c. as fast without Cattel. 
 
 To draw the Plough without Cattel to the same dis- 
 patch if need be. 
 To brake Hemp, Flax, &c. 
 
 To beat Hemp, Flax, &c. 
 
 To weigh Anchors with less trouble and sooner. 
 
 To spin Cordage or Cables. 
 To bolt meale faster and finer. 
 
 To saw stone. 
 
 To saw Timber. 
 
 To polHsh any stones, or Mettalls. 
 
 To turne any great works in wood. Stone, Mettals, 
 &c. that could hardly be done before. 
 
 To file much cheaper in all great works. 
 To bore Wood, Stone, Mettalls. 
 
 To thrash Corne if need be. 
 
 To winnow Corne at all times, better, cheaper, &c. 
 
 For Paper-Mills, Thread-Mills, Iron- Mills, Plate- 
 Mills, Cum multis aliiSj ^c. 
 
 Having thus according to your commands given you 
 an accompt in part of these things ; give me leave by 
 way of repetition to give you as it were an abridgement 
 of this whole businesse for a close ; that so you may in 
 
115 
 
 a closer order review what perfection God hath brought 
 this work unto ; to the intent we may the more rejoyce 
 in and admire his goodnesse, and the more admire but 
 lament the dulnesse of this present Age, in which there 
 is so few that will pull their hands out of their bosoms 
 to receive so great blessings. The happy successe of 
 my Endeavours have arrived at this. 
 
 To choose the best ground, or fittest for the then 
 present purpose, which if it be already good and rich 
 enough, 'tis well ; but if not. To know not only all the 
 Common sorts of Dung, Manures, or Composts, with 
 their Common uses, but divers others perhaps of better 
 use 'j and a distinct and better use of those already 
 known (in a word) so as that out of any twenty Acres 
 in England, that lyes together, and is in any degree of 
 goodnesse, to take right good and sufficient Compost 
 for that twenty Acres, and that from generation to 
 generation, and that in such a sort that the ground 
 shall be continually rather improved and of more profit 
 thereby, if the owners will themselves ; and also to the 
 great ease of many parts of England, where their tillage 
 Lands lye far from home ; To make two loads of Dung 
 or other Compost more efiectuall then ten is now. That 
 Land thus chosen and soyled, to plough after a better 
 and more advantageous manner, with cattel, or if need 
 be, to plough or dig without cattel as cheap, and as 
 fast as now, (this is more advantageous to the Publique 
 then the Private, though no losse to any.) To sow, or 
 
 i2 
 
116 
 
 rather to set or plant in a way so much superiour and 
 more advantageous then the common way as is hard 
 to beleeve. This Land thus sowed, set_, or planted, to 
 manage the Crop when above ground, yet more to a 
 double advantage by wayes not formerly known or 
 hardly thought on. 
 
 The Crop thus come up to be inned, and preserved 
 till thrashed with more safety ; and if Barely, &c. being 
 malted to dry better and far cheaper, if hard corne to 
 grind by virtue of the Engines or Mills abovesaid, if 
 Kape-seed or the like, to grind and make into oyle, if 
 Hemp or Flax, &c. to brake and beat, &c. And for 
 Corn, to thrash if need be, with lesse charge and more 
 expedition far, but this I will never consent to make 
 common, till I perceive that there is other wayes 
 actually on foot to set the poore on work, or that we 
 want hands to dispatch our necessary businesse. 
 
 The Corn however thrust to winnow great quantities 
 without staying for the wind as some doe, or without 
 taking a whole family from all other imployments as 
 others doe, and without those many losses, charges, 
 inconveniences that attend this businesse too com- 
 monly throughout England, yet shal the com be 
 cleaner drest by much ; and that so seasonably to 
 answer your own desires, which is very often frustrated 
 in the usefuU way, especially where there is great quan- 
 tities : The charge to every great Corne-Master will 
 not be great to erect or prepare, but the benefit much 
 
117 
 
 more then lie liimselfe tliinkes of, or will easily beleeve 
 till experience hatli indeared him to it ; for a tast, con- 
 sider what advantage it will be (after preparation 
 made) to keep your corne in the chaffe, free from Hogs 
 or Hens, or two legged or foure-hand Thieves, &c. free 
 from the danger of heating or growing as long as you 
 please, and at an hours warning to make purely cleane 
 as little or as much as you please, without any more 
 then one person engaged, except for great quantities, 
 and then but two at most, and that but for a while ; 
 from hence we can for a need draw it without cattell 
 into the field to sowe, or into the Market to sel; 
 and so this double invention never forsakes the good 
 husband, till his hands be quit of it till next year, or 
 for ever. 
 
 And if any ground be over flowed against the owners 
 will, or to his hurt, the Engine is ready to dresse it 
 and lay it dry ; or if too dry by nature to flood it ; or 
 if too dry by accident, that is by drought, to 
 water it, morning or evening, as there is cause, with 
 more ease, lesse charge, and a more regular way by 
 farre, then any Garden is watered, so shall thy Crop 
 flourish when thy neighbours (that takes not the same 
 course) shal fade away. And in ground that afibrds 
 any Cole-pits, or other deep Mines, it will take them 
 up with more ease, speed, and lesse charge ; or if you 
 build a stately house, the Engine will much facilitate 
 the work both in respect of time and charge. 
 
118 
 
 Finally,, By the blessing of the same God^ there are 
 begotten by the same Father Industry, and conceived 
 by the same Mother Ingenuity, some other offsprings 
 of no small or lesse use ; in order to the preservation 
 of the Lives and Estates of very many thousands ; from 
 or in the most common and eminent danger s, and to 
 perswade and prevaile with the Sea also, to disclose 
 and impart her treasury, whether her own naturally, or 
 that of which she hath robbed us. 
 
 But first let us see what kind entertainment the 
 world will give to these before any others shew them- 
 selves. If the Land be converted to pasture for 
 Sheep, the Engine will full the cloath. 
 
 If for a dayry, it will churn the cream into butter. 
 
 If to feed or breed cattell, it will grind bark that 
 tans the skins. 
 
 And if for planting and nourishing of Timber, the 
 same Engine will saw it to great gaine and advantage. 
 
 Thus you see there is so neere an allyance between 
 these two Inventions, and both so agree to assist and 
 and reward the good Husband, that there is no essen- 
 tiall part of Husbandry, wherein they do not naturally 
 assist each other more or lesse. 
 I remaine alwayes 
 
 SiE, your most faithful and obliged 
 Friend to serve you* 
 
 July the I8t7i, 1651. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
119 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 " Address," Office of, 59; noticed, 72. 
 
 " Advancement of Husbandry-Learning," 66, 87. 
 
 « Advice of W. P." 60. 
 
 Agriculture, commendation of, 63. 
 
 Austin, Ralph, named, 76; dedicates a work to Hartlib, 76. 
 
 Autograph of Samuel Hartlib, 29. 
 
 B. 
 
 Bacon, Lord, on Inventions and Inventors, 103, 104. 
 
 Beal, — , approves of " Olbia," 23 ; remarks on his simplicity, 24 j 
 
 named, 28. 
 Beati, Dr. Arnold, noticed, 71, 83. 
 Bellers, John, proposes a " College of Industry," note^ 18. 
 Bibliographical sketch, 16. 
 
 Bibliographical Catalogue of Hartlib's publications, 51 — 88. 
 Boate, Gerard, his "Ireland's Natural History," 75. 
 Boyle, Hon. Robert, letters from Hartlib, 14, 17, 19 ; named by Evelyn, 
 
 37; Hartlib's letter, 91; noticed, 93. 
 Brabant Husbandry, 69, 86. 
 
 " Brief relation, to procure Ecclesiastical Peace," 54. 
 Brown, Dr. Thomas, observations, 83. 
 Brydges, Sir Egerton, noticed, 69, 79. 
 
 C. 
 
 Carew, Richard, on learning Latin, 82. 
 
 " Case of Conscience," 84. 
 
 Championship at Coronations, 94, 95. 
 
 Charles I., State papers, 5. 
 
 Charles II., the Restoration, 34 ; Records, 38 ; his Coronation, 95. 
 
120 
 
 Child, Eobert, noticed, 69. 
 
 " Chymical Addresses," 82. 
 
 " Chyrurgical Addresses," 82. 
 
 " Clavis Apocalyptica," 61, 62. 
 
 College of Husbandry, 45, 46. 
 
 Comenius, John Amos, his works, 51, 52, 53 ; named, 80. 
 
 Commonwealth, Parliament of the, neglect paying Hartlib's pension, 31 ; 
 remarks on, 35. 
 
 " Communications," Office of, 19, 20. 
 
 *' Complete Husbandman," 85. 
 
 " Considerations tending to reformation in Church and State," 58. 
 
 " Cornu Copia," 71. 
 
 Cromwell, orders Hartlib a pension, 10. 
 
 Crossley, J., his remarks on " Macaria," 17 ; and on other intended in- 
 stitutions, 18 ; notices Hartlib's loss of his MSS. and papers, 25 ; 
 opinion of Hartlib's correspondence, 25; remarks on Comenius, 52 ; 
 remarks on " Macaria," 55 ; named, 85. 
 
 " Design for Plenty," 75. 
 
 " Discourse of Husbandry," 62; as used in Brabant, 64. 
 
 "Discovery for Division and Setting out of Land," 77. 
 
 Divines, Petition of, 5. 
 
 Divinity, a Body of Practical, 5. 
 
 Durie, John, Hartlib's acquaintance with, 5; letters to Sir T. Roe, 5, 6 ; 
 notice of, 9 ; vindicated, 10 ; his works, 10 ; library keeper, 18 ; 
 named, 55, 62, 77, 85. 
 
 Dymock family and Coronation ceremony, 94. 
 
 Dymock, Cressy, noticed, 65 ; his mark, 67; noticed, 69, 79, 86 ; two 
 letters to Hartlib, 89; biographical notice of, 91; three of his works, 
 93; his letters, 96; his travels, 96; his inventive turn, 97; his "En- 
 gines of Motion," 97 ; vague description, 98 ; probable character, 
 99 ; reprint of his pamphlet, 101; he alludes to perpetual motion, 
 105 ; has a model at Lambeth, 106 ; indebtedness to Hartlib, 106, 
 107; grinding and mills, 107, 108 ; uses and profits of his engines, 
 108—112; his second letter, 113; list of applications, 113, 114; re- 
 
121 
 
 marks on husbandry, 115—118 ; has other inventions, 118 ; hus- 
 bandry and the engines, 118. 
 
 Dymock, Cressy, named, 95 ; also Arthur, John, and Charles, 95. 
 
 ■'- Edward, „ 95. 
 
 Robert, „ 95. 
 
 E. 
 
 " Educatiou," by John Milton, 57. 
 
 Elbing, Hartlib's father at, 2 ; on English company there, 2; a wealthy 
 
 place, 2. 
 *' Engines of Motion," an invention of, by C. Dymock, 101. 
 England, residence in, 4; its agreeable character, 4; his arrival in, 5. 
 " Essay for advancement of Husbandry-Learning," 66. 
 *' Essay upon Master W. Potter's Design," 88. 
 Evelyn, F.R.S., John, notice of Hartlib, 12, 13; his "History of 
 
 Trades," 13, 14 ; his proposed private society, 18 ; his account of 
 
 Hartlib, 37, 38. 
 
 F. 
 
 Frankfort, Dm-ie writes from, 5. 
 
 G. 
 
 German Nobility, mercantile profession derogatory to, 4. 
 
 stoves, 13. 
 
 Gresham College and Sir WilHam Petty, 20. 
 
 H. 
 
 Harte, Walter, his "Essays on Husbandry," 69, 71. 
 
 Hartlib, Samuel, general estimate of his character, 1 ; autobiographi- 
 cal sketch, 2; his father, 2; his father's marriage, 2, 3; his mother, 
 3 ; his ten brethren, 3 ; residence in England, 4 ; his income and ex- 
 penditure, 4 ; his noble acquaintances, 4 ; Durie's letters, 5 ; note 
 respecting, 6 ; MOton's encomium, 6 ; a witness against Laud, 9 ; 
 writes on toleration, 9 ; his various publications, 9 ; his notice of 
 Durie, 9 ; vindication of Durie, 10 ; publishes Dmie's works, 10 ; 
 his " Spiritual Husbandman," 10 ; husbandry, and his pension, 10 ; 
 
122 
 
 increased pension, 11, 12 ; notice of him by Evelyn, 12, 13; exten- 
 sive correspondence, 14 ; his town residence, 14; his agency, 15, 16; 
 Uterary labours, 16 ; hopes regarding " Macaria," 17 ; other in- 
 tended institutions, 18; his "Atlantis," 18 ; various subjects of his 
 correspondence, 19 ; his religious bias, 19 ; not concerned in estab- 
 lishing the Eoyal Society, 20; general estimate of his character and 
 public services, 21 ; he is satirised in " Olbia," 22 ; loss of books, 
 25 ; Nan Hartlib, 25, 26 ; her wedding, 26 ; a martyr to disease, 26 ; 
 pecuniary difficulties and consequent aid, 26, 27 ; an unpublished 
 letter, 27, 28, 29 ; his autograph, 29 ; writes to Lord Herbert, 29 
 his letter, 30, 31 ; pension in arrear, 31; family dependants, 32 
 Petition, 32 — 34 ; his necessitous condition, 35 ; calls on Pepys, 36 
 W. Wotton's enquiries, 37 ; Evelyn's account of Hartlib, 37, 38 
 latest evidence of his being alive, 39 ; reflections, 39 ; his probable 
 age, 40; died obscurely, 40 ; review of his life, 40; his public use- 
 fulness, 41; his tastes, 41; literary efforts, 42; income, 43; supports 
 needy scholars, 43 ; literary drudgery, 44 ; assists Petty, 44 ; pro- 
 poses " Macaria," 44, 45 ; his prevailing piety, 47 ; expresses his 
 sentiments, 47, 48; summary of his character, 49, 50; bibliographi- 
 cal catalogue of his publications, 51 — 88 ; his letter about Dymock 
 and his works, 91. 
 
 " Hartlib, Samuel, his Legacie," 69. 
 
 Heilbron, Dmie writes from, 5. 
 
 Henry, Lord Herbert, Hartlib's letter to, 29 — 31. 
 
 Husbandry, College of, 45, 46. 
 
 Learning, 66. 
 
 I. J. 
 
 Improvement, its course irresistible, 46. 
 
 " Industry," proposed college of, note^ 18. 
 
 " Invention of Engines of Motion," noticed, 16, 65, 87 j reprint, 101. 
 
 Irby, Sir Anthony, related to Hartlib, 3. 
 
 " Ireland's Natural History," 75, 85, 87. 
 
 Jesuits, their persecutions, 2, 4. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kinner, Dr. Cyprian, named, 54. 
 Komensky, Jan Amos, see J. A. Comenius. 
 
123 
 
 Laud, W., Hartlib a witness against, 9. 
 
 " Legacie of Husbandry," (Hartlib's), 69 ; 87. 
 
 Lubinus, Eilhardius, on learning Latin, 81. 
 
 M. 
 
 "Macaria," noticed, IS, 44, 45 ; Character of the intended Institution, 
 17 ; "A description of the famous kingdom of," 55. 
 
 " Medicinal Addresses," 82. 
 
 Milton, John, his essay on education, 6 ; his encomiastic remarks on 
 Hartlib, 6, 7, 8. 
 
 Montaigne, on learning Latin, 82. 
 
 More, Dr. Henry, noticed, 23. 
 
 O. 
 
 « Office of Addresses," 59, 60 ; noticed, 72. 
 " Olbia," a satirical pamphlet, 22, 23, 24. 
 
 P. 
 
 Parliament assists Hartlib, 4 ; recommended to, 5 ; proceedings in 
 
 respect to a pension, 11, 12 ; petition to, 32, 34. 
 Pedigree, neglected, 4. 
 Pepys, F.E.S., Samuel, mentions Nan Hartlib, 25 ; her wedding, 26 ; 
 
 a visit six years later, 26 ; visited by Hartlib, 36. 
 Petty, Sir William, 19 ; note, 19 ; to be set apart, 20 ; noticed, 44 ; his 
 
 "Advice," 60, 61. 
 Philosophers' Stone, a conference concerning, 82. 
 Plat, Gabriel, his " Caveat," 82. 
 Poland, King of, Hartlib's father, his merchant, 2. 
 Potter, W., his « Design," 88. 
 Prussia, Harthb's father removes to, 2 ; Hartlib a refugee, 5. 
 
 R. 
 
 " Rare and new discovery for feeding Silk-worms," 73. 
 « Reformed Virginian Silk-worm," 84. 
 
 " Reformed Spiritual Husbandman," noticed, 10 ; Hartlib expresses hia 
 sentiments, 47, 48, 76. 
 
124 
 
 " Reformation of Schools," by Comenius, 52 ; a Continuation, 53. 
 
 « Reformed Husband-Man," 67, 87. 
 
 " Reformed Common-Wealth of Bees," 83. 
 
 Roe, Sir Thomas, letters from Durie, 5, 6. 
 
 Restoration, the, noticed, 29. 
 
 S. 
 
 " Samuel Hartlib, his Legacie," 69. 
 
 Secrets, Invitation to communicate, 82. 
 
 " Short letter, on Mr. Edwards his book," 56. 
 
 Silk-worms, on feeding, 73, 74. 
 
 Society, seventeenth century, 15. 
 
 Sprat, Dr., his History of the Royal Society, 20. 
 
 " True and ready way to learn the Latin Tongue," 79. 
 Twisse's " Doubting Christian," 74. 
 
 " Universal Husbandry," 87. 
 Utopian schemes, 45. 
 
 U. 
 
 V. 
 
 Vauxhall, proposed Institution at, 20. 
 Vedallanta, German Nobility, 4. 
 
 W. 
 
 Weston, Sir Richard, noticed, 64 ; 86. 
 
 Worcester, Marquis of, noticed, 94. 
 
 Worthington, Dr. John, Hartlib sends him an account of himself, 2 ; 
 
 inquiries about " Olbia," 23 ; informed of Hartlib's loss of his 
 
 books, 25 ; subscriptions to assist Hartlib, 27 ; last letter from 
 
 Hartlib, 38 ; his letter to him not answered, 38. 
 Wotton, William, his inquiries about Hartlib, 37; Evelyn's answer, 
 
 37, 38. 
 Wren, Sir Christopher, his bee-hive, 83. 
 
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 lished in 1821, with Introduction by Rev. 
 Stopford Brooke, and a Note by A. C. Swinburne, 
 edited by R. A. Potts 1887 10 
 
 Solomon (G, ) Jesus of History and Jesus of 
 
 Tradition Identified, demy 8vo, cloth 7 6 
 
 How to Speak Extempore, by an Old Platform 
 Orator : 1. Thinking— 2. Speaking— 3. Speaking 
 What is Thought, 12mo, wrappers, 43 pp. (pub Is) 6 
 
196, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. 13 
 
 The "Idyll of the White Lotus." by M. C, 
 
 Fellow of the Theosophical Society, sm. 8vo, 
 ornamental cloth gilt 3 6 
 
 Man ; Fragments of Forgotten History, by Two 
 Chelas in the Theosophical Society, Second Edi- 
 tion, post 8vo, cloth 4 
 
 Five Years of Theosophy ; being Mystical, 
 Philosophical, Theosophical, Historical, and 
 Scientific Essays, selected from the ' ' Theosophist, " 
 thick post 8vo, 575 pp. 7 6 
 
 Works of t!)e late fames 
 STi^omson. 
 
 Just Keady. Second Edition. 
 The City of Dreadful Night, and other Poems, 
 
 cr. Svo, cloth 5 
 
 Vane's Story, Weddah. and Om-el-Bonain 
 
 and other Poems, cr. Svo, cloth 6 
 
 Ditto, large paper 10 
 
 Essays and Phantasies, cr. Svo, cloth 6 
 
 Contents : — A Lady of Sorrow— Proposals for the Speedy Extinc- 
 tiou of Evil and Misery— Bumble, Bumbledom, Bumbleism— Open 
 Secret Societies — An Eveninj? with Spenser— A Note on Foi-ster's 
 Life of Swift — A Note of George Meredith, &c., &c. 
 
 A Voice from the Nile, and other Poems, with 
 
 a Memoir, etched portrait, cr. Svo, cloth 6 
 
 Ditto, large paper, Svo, cloth 12 
 
 " Generally we may say that ' Essays and Phantasies ' is a book 
 which will delight all who care for fine English prose, high imagina- 
 tion, and suggestive ingenuity." — Spectator. 
 
 " A strange and brilliant volume of poems, the 'City of Dreadful 
 Niglit,' in which the melancholy pessimism of ' Leopardi ' is ex- 
 pressed with the exquisite music of the ' Castle of Indolence.' " — 
 Westmiyister Review. 
 
14 REEVES ^ TURNER, 
 
 Anderson (J. Corbet) A Short Chronicle con- 
 cerning the Parish of Croydon in the 
 Country of Surrey, cuts^ sm. 8vo, half roan 1882 6 
 
 Whatman paper. 200 printed. 
 
 Akerman (J. Y.) Wiltshire Tales, 12mo, 1853 2 3 
 
 Arnold (Thomas) History of the Common- 
 wealth, 2 vols, 8vo, cloth 1882 8 6 
 
 Bewick Memento.— Catalogue, with Purchasers' 
 Names and Prices Realised, of the Scarce and 
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 Pictures, etc. , and Bewick Relics, sold by auction 
 at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, on Feb. 5, 6, and 7, and 
 August 26th 1884, 4to, cloth 2 6 
 
 Banks (Sir T. C.) Baronia Anglica Concen- 
 trata, or a Concentrated Account of all the 
 Baronies commonly called Baronies in Fee de- 
 riving their Origin from Writ of Summons, and 
 not from any specific limited creation, showing 
 the descent and line of heirship as well of those 
 families mentioned by Sir Wm. Dugdale, as of 
 those whom that celebrated author has omitted 
 to notice (interspersed with interesting notes and 
 remarks), to which is added the Proofs of Par- 
 liamentary Sitting from Edward I. to Queen 
 Anne, also a Glossary of Dormant, English. 
 Scotch, and Irish Peerage Titles, 2 vols, 4to, 
 cloth (pub £3 3s) 1845 10 6 
 
 Barnes (W.) Early England and the Saxon- 
 England, with some Notes on the Father-Stock 
 of tne Saxon England, the Fusians, post 8vo, 
 .178 pp. (pub 3s) 1869 2 
 
 Burn (J. S.) The History of the Parish Re- 
 gisters in England, also of the Registers of 
 Scotland, Ireland, the East and West Indies, the 
 Dissenters, and the Episcopal Chapels in and 
 about London, with Observations on Bishops, 
 Transcripts, and the Provisions of the Act of the 
 52nd George III., Cap. 146, Second Edition, 8vo, 
 cloth, 296 pp. (pab 10s 6d) 1862 7 
 
196, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. 15 
 
 '^tXi^mCiiiX^— continued. 
 
 Bent (J. T.) Genoa: How the Republic Rose 
 and Fell, 18 illustrations, 8vo, cloth, 420 pp. 
 (pub IBs) 1881 3 6 
 
 Burnet (Gilbert, Bishop of Salisbury) History of 
 the Reformation of the Church of England, 
 with numerous Illustrative Notes, and a copious 
 Index, 2 vols, roy. 8vo, cloth (pub £1 16s) 1880 9 
 
 Capello (H.) and R. Ivens, from Ben^ella 
 to the Territory of Yacca, Description of a 
 Journey into Central and West Africa, compris- 
 ing Narratives, Adventures, and Important Sur- 
 veys of the Sources of the Rivers Cunesa, 
 Cubango, Luando, Cuanza, and Cuango, and of 
 the great part of the Course of the two latter, 
 together with the Discovery of the Rivers Hamba, 
 Cauali, Sussa, and Cugho, and a Detailed Ac- 
 count of the Territories of Quiteca, N'Bungo, 
 Sosso, Futa, and Yacca, by H. Capello and R. 
 Ivens' Expedition, organized in the Years 1877 — 
 80, translated by Alf. Elwes, with ma'ps and 
 numerous illustrations, 2 vols, cloth extra (pub 
 £2 2s) >S'. Low, 1882 10 
 
 Chichester— Transactions of the Archseo- 
 log'ical Institute, held at Chichester in 1853, 
 8vo, cloth, plates 3 
 
 This volume is devoted priucipally to the County of Sussex and 
 the Churches in it, 
 
 Cecil (Gen. Sir Edw.) Life and Times of, Vis. 
 Wimbledon, Colonel of an English Regiment in 
 the Dutch Service, 1605 — 1631, and one of His 
 Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council, by C. 
 Dalton, port, 2 vols, 8vo, cloth (pub 308) 1885 5 
 
 Ceylon -. A General Description of the 
 Island, Historical, Physical, and Statistical, 
 containing the most recent information, with 
 map, 2 vols, 8vo, cloth (pub 28s) 1876 8 
 
1 6 REEVES 6- TURNER, 
 
 i^ ZX(l^\X(^ZX%— continued. 
 
 Chatto (W. A.) Pacts and Speculations on 
 the Origin and History of Playing 
 Cards, many itlates {some coloured), and wood- 
 cuts in the text of ancient jylayinq cards, 8vo (pub 
 21s) /. B. Smith, 1848 7 
 
 Cobbold (T. S. ) Entozoa, being a Supplement to 
 the Introduction to the Study of Helminthology, 
 roy. 8vo, cloth (pub 10s 6d) 1869 3 
 
 Oruikshank (George) Scraps and Sketches, 
 24 etched plates {beautifully reproduced), con- 
 taining humorous sketches on each plate, oblong 
 folio, hand-coloured, new half morocco 
 
 1828 (reprinted 1882) 36 
 
 Oruikshank (George) Scraps and Sketches, 
 
 24 etched plates (heautifully reproduced), con- 
 taining humorous sketches on each plate, oblong 
 folio, in cloth gilt 1828 (reprinted 1882) 4 6 
 
 Oruikshank (George) My Sketch Book, 
 
 37 etched plates {heautifully reproduced), contain- 
 ing several very humorous sketches on each plate, 
 oblong folio, in cloth gilt 1834 (reprinted 1882) 4 6 
 
 Oruikshank (G. ) The Life of, in two Epochs, by 
 Blanchard Jerrold, numerous illustrations, with 
 list of works illustrated hy G. C, 1 vols, post 8vo, 
 (pub 24s) Chatto d; Windus, 1882 7 6 
 
 Oyclopsedia (The) Of Practical Quotations, 
 English and Latin, with an Appendix, containing 
 Proverbs from the Latin and Modern Foreign 
 Languages, with more than 200 pages of Index 
 matter, by J. K. Hoyt and Anna Ward, 4to, 
 edition, thick roy. 8vo (pub 15s) 1882 10 6 
 
 See also undei Dictionaries, page 18. 
 
 Bauer (Caroline) Memoirs, translated from the 
 
 German, 4 vols, 8vo, cloth (pub £2 16s) 12 
 
196, STRAND, LONDON, W.C 17 
 
 23oo!ts on IBialects. 
 
 Corn"V7all. —Specimens of Cornish Provincial Dialect, 
 Collected and Arranged by Uncle Jan Treenoodle, 
 with some Introductory liemarks and a Glossary 
 by an Antiquarian Friend, also a Selection of 
 Songs and other Pieces connected with Cornwall, 
 post 8vo, vnth a curious portrait of Dolly Pen- 
 treath, cloth (pub 4s) I860 2 6 
 
 Craig- (J. D.) Handbook to the Modern Pro- 
 vencal Langliag-e spoken in the South of 
 France, Piedmont, etc., sm. post Svo, cloth, 
 105 pp. (pub 3s 6d) 1863 2 
 
 Durham. —A Glossary of Words used in Teesdale 
 in the County of Durham, by F. T. Dinsdale, 
 post 8vo, cloth (pub 6s) 1849 3 6 
 
 Ireland.— A Glossary with some Pieces of Verse of 
 the Old Dialect of the English Colony in the 
 Baronies of Forth and Bargy Co., Wexford, Ire- 
 land, formerly collected by Jacob Poole of 
 Growton, now edited with Notes and Introduc- 
 tion by the Kev. W. Barnes, author of " The 
 Dorset Poems and Glossary," fcap. Svo, cloth 
 (pub 4s 6d) 1867 3 6 
 
 Somersetshire.— On the Dialect of Somersetshire, 
 with a Glossary, Poems, etc., exemplifying the 
 Dialect, by J. Jennings, Second Edition by the 
 the Rev. J. K. Jennings, fcap. 8vo, cloth (pub 
 3s 6d) 1857 2 6 
 
 Westmoreland Dialect (The) in Four Familiar 
 Dialogues, by Mrs. Ann Wheeler, a New Edition, 
 to which is added a COPIOUS Glossary of West- 
 moreland and Cumberland Words, post Svo, 
 cloth (pub 3s 6d) 1840 2 
 
1 8 REEVES &' TURNER 
 
 '^m.^\xC^ZX%— continued. 
 
 Dickens (Chas.) Sunday under Three Heads, 
 
 a reproduction in exact facsimile of the rare origi- 
 nal, 12mo, wrapper (pub 2s) 1884 1 
 
 Dickens Memento.— Catalogue, with Purchaser's 
 Names and Prices Realised of the Pictures, 
 Drawings, and Objects of Art, of the late Charles 
 Dickens, sold by Messrs. Christie, on July 9, 1870, 
 with an Introduction by Francis Phillimore, and 
 " Hints to Dickens Collectors," by J. F. Dexter, 
 4to, cloth 2 6 
 
 Dictionary (A) of Poetical Illustrations, 
 
 specially selected with a view to the Needs of 
 the Pulpit and Platform, by the Rev. R. A. Ber- 
 tram, with Indexes, thick roy. 8vo (pub 12s 6d) 
 
 1883 9 6 
 &e also under " Cyclopaedia." 
 
 Dictionary of Illustrations adapted to Chris- 
 tian Teaching, embracing Mythologj'-, Analogic 
 Legends, Emljlems, Parables, Anecdotes, etc., 
 with elaborate Textual and Topical Indexes, 8th 
 edition, thick roy. 8vo (pub 12s 6d) 1883 9 6 
 
 See also " Homiletic Encycloppidia." 
 
 Dictionary of Philosophy (A) In the Words of 
 Philosophers, edited with an Introduction, by J, 
 Radford Thomson, roy. 8vo, cloth (pub 12s 6d) 9 6 
 
 Edmonds (Richard) Cornwall, the Land's 
 End District, its Antiquities, Natural Pheno- 
 mena and Scenery, also a Brief Memoir of Richard 
 Trevithick, by R. Edmonds, 7nap, 6 plates and 
 woodcuts 8vo, cloth (pub 7s 6d) 1862 4 6 
 
 Erskine (Thomas, Lord) Speeches, with a 
 Memoir of his Life by Edward Walford, demy 
 $vo, cloth (pub 8s) ' 4 
 
196, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. 19 
 
 '^tXmxC^ZX%— continued. 
 
 15ston's (Heb.) OTorks on IBomcstiaj} aSooli. 
 
 Domesday Studies, an Analysis and Digest of 
 the Staffordshire Survey, etc., cr. 4to (pub £1 Is) 
 
 Trichier, 1881 10 6 
 
 An Analysis and Digest of the Somerset 
 
 Survey (according to the 'Oxon Codex), and of 
 the Gheld Inquest of a.d, 1084, as collated with, 
 and illustrated by, Domesday, 2 vols, crown 4to 
 (pub £2 12s 6d) 1880 21 6 
 
 Key to Domesday, showing the Method and 
 Exactitude of its Mensuration, and the Precise 
 Meaning of its more usual Formulae, the subject 
 being exemplified by an Analysis and Digest of 
 the Dorset Survey, cr. 4to (pub 30s) 
 
 Taylors Co., 1878 10 6 
 
 The Court, Household, and Itinerary of 
 King" Henry II., instancing also the Chief 
 Agents and Adversaries of the King in his 
 Government, Diplomacy, and Strategy, cr. 4to (pub 
 24s) Taylor <& Co., 1878 10 6 
 
 See also under " Eyton " in Publications. 
 
 Forsyth (W.) Hortensius : an Historical Essay 
 on the Office and Duties of an Advocate, 10 wood- 
 cut illustrations, 8vo (pub 7s 6d) J. Murray, 1879 4 
 
 Foster's (Joseph) The Royal Lineage of our 
 Noble and Gentle Families, together with 
 their Paternal Ancestors, Third Series, contains 
 Chart Pedigrees of about 90 Families, 2 vols, 4to, 
 blue cloth Privately printed, 1884 12 6 
 
 Gage (John) The History and Antiquities of 
 Suffolk, Thingoe Hundred, ivith maps, plans, 
 views of churches, tombs, portraits, <&c., <^c., 538 
 pp., large 4to, cloth, paper label (pub £4 14s 6d) 
 
 1838 20 
 
 Thingoe Hundred, comprising Barrow, Brockley, Chevington, 
 Flempton Fornham, Hargrave, Mariston, Nowton, Rede, Saxham, 
 Westley, Whepsted, &c,, &c. 
 
20 REEVES &^ TURNER 
 
 WitX(imititX%— continued, 
 
 Greg" (Percy) Across the Zodiac : the Story of a 
 Wrecked Record, Deciphered, translated and 
 edited by Percy Greg, 2 vols, post 8vo (pub 21s) 
 
 Truh7ier & Co., 1880 4 
 
 Shipwreck — Outward Bound — The Untravelled Deep— A New 
 World, Language, Laws, and Life — An Official Visit — Escort Duty — 
 A Fault and its Founders — Manners and Customs — Women and 
 Wedlock— A Country Drive— On the River— The Children of Ligh" 
 — By Sea, etc., etc, 
 
 Grazebrook (H. S.) Heraldry of Worcester- 
 shire, being a Roll of the Arms borne by the 
 several Noble, Knightly, and Gentle Families 
 which have had Property or Residence in that 
 County from the Earliest Period to the Present 
 Time, with Genealogical Notes, 2 vols, sm. 4to 
 (pub 42s) A. R. Smith, 1873 12 
 
 See also " Boutell" Publication. 
 
 Grotius, De Jure Belli et Pacis, accompanied 
 by an Abridged Translation by W. Whewell, 
 D.D., 3 vols, 8vo (pub 36s 6d) Cambridge 14 
 
 On the Rights ofWar and Peace, an 
 
 Abridged Translation by W. \\' hewell, 8vo (pub 
 
 17s) 1853 4 6 
 
 Hazlitt (Wm.) Essays on the Fine Arts, a New 
 Edition, edited by W. C. Hazlitt, post 8vo (pub 
 6s 6d) 1873 2 9 
 
 Hazlitt (W. C.) English Proverbs and Proverbial 
 Phrases, collected from the most Authentic 
 Sources, Alphabetically Arranged, Second Edition, 
 greatly enlarged and carefully revised, post 8vo, 
 cloth (pub 7s 6d) 3 6 
 
 Homiletic Encyclopsedia, or Illustrations in 
 Theology and Morals, a Handbook of Practical 
 Divinity, and a Commentary on Holy Scripture, 
 selected by R. A. Bertram, Sixth Edition, thick 
 8vo (pub 12s 6d) 1883 9 6 
 
 For others of this series, see pages 16 and 18. 
 
196, SI RAND, LONDON, W.C. 21 
 
 WitmdiirititX^— continued. 
 
 Hooker (J. D. ) Journal of a Tour in Marocco, 
 and tne Great Atlas, by Joseph D. Hooker 
 and J. Ball, with an Appendix, inchiding a Sketch 
 of the Geology of Marocco, by George Maw, map 
 and numerous illustrations, 8vo (pub 21s) 
 
 Macmillan, 1878 6 6 
 
 Hosack (John) On the Rise and Growth of 
 the Laws of Nations, as established by 
 General Usage and Treaties, 8vo, cloth (pub 12s) 
 
 1882 2 6 
 
 Landseer (Sir Edwin) Studies, illustrated by 40 
 plates, with 2 woodcut sketches on each, and 116 
 woodcuts in the text. Sketches from the Collection 
 of Her Majesty the Queen and other sources 
 with a History of his Art- Life, by W. C. Monk- 
 house, roy. 4to, ornamental cloth, gilt leaves (pub 
 £2 2s) ^ 12 6 
 
 Lower (M. A.) Contributions to Literature, 
 Historical, Antiquarian, and Metrical, post 8vo, 
 284 pp., cloth ipub 7s 6d) 1854 3 3 
 
 English Surnarnes, an Essay on Family 
 
 Nomenclature, Historical, Etymological, and 
 Humorous, with several illustrative appendices, 
 Fourth Edition, enlarged, 2 vols, post 8vo, cloth, 
 (pub 12s) 1875 7 6 
 
 Lytton (Edwd. , Lord) Speeches, now first col- 
 lected, with some of his Political Writings, 
 hitherto unpublished, and a Memoir by his Son, 2 
 vols, 8vo (pub 24s) Blackwood, 1874 5 
 
 Makins (G. A., late one of the Assayers to the Bank 
 of England) Manual of Metallurgy, 100 
 engravings, Second Edition, re-written and much 
 enlarged, square 8vo, cloth (pub 16s) 
 
 Ellis a? White, 1873 4 6 
 
 About half the work is deroted to the nobler metals 
 
22 REEVES &- lURNER, 
 
 '^ZXmX(tin%— continued. 
 
 Morelli (G.) Italian Masters in German 
 Galleries, a Critical Essay on the Italian Pic- 
 tures in the Galleries of Munich, Dresden, Berlin, 
 translated from the German by Mrs. L. Richter, 
 illustrated, post 8vo, cloth (pub 8s 6d) 1883 2 9 
 
 Nicholas (T.) The Pedigree of the Enghsh 
 People, an Argument, Historical and Scientific, 
 on the Formation and Growth of the Nation, 
 tracing Race-Admixture in Britain from the 
 earliest times, with special reference to the incor- 
 poration of the Celtic Aborigines, ma'p, 8vo, cloth 
 (pub 16s) 1878 4 6 
 
 Owen (John) Evenings with the Skeptics, 
 or Free Discussion on Free Thinkers, 2 vols, 8vo, 
 cloth (pub 32s) 1881 7 6 
 
 Opie and his Works ; being a Catalogue of 760 
 Pictures, by J. Opie, RA., preceded by a Bio- 
 graphical Sketch by J. J. Rogers, 8vo, 237 pp. 1878 3 6 
 
 Persia, Eastern. — An Account of the Journeys of 
 the Persian Boundary Commission, 1870-71-72 ; 
 the Geography, with Narratives, by Majors St, 
 John, Lovett, and E. Smith, and an Introduction 
 by Major- (General Sir F. J, Goldsmid ; the 
 Zoology and Geology by W. T. Blandford, maps, 
 28 plates of heasts, birds, etc., some of them 
 beautifully coloured by hand, 2 vols, 8vo (pub 
 £2 2s) Macmillan <t Co., 1876 14 
 
 Prickett (Fred. ) The History and Antiquities 
 of Hlghgate, with maps and illustrations., 8vo, 
 cloth 1842 4 
 
 Randolph (Thos.) Poetical and Dramatic 
 Works, now First Collected, and edited with 
 Notes, etc., by W. C, Hazlitt, portrait and 
 plates, post 8vo, haK cloth, paper label (pub 12s) 
 
 1875 5 6 
 
196, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. 23 
 
 ^tXi{,W(Ci^ZX%— continued. 
 
 Rowlandson. — Caricature Etching's Illus- 
 trating' Boswell's Tour to the Hebrides 
 made with Dr. Johnson, in portfolio, with strings 8 
 
 The above consists of twenty plates, complete, with title and list 
 of contents. 
 
 Ditto, the same, on large paper, without port 
 
 folio, and without list of contents 8 
 
 Sand (George) Letters, translated and edited by- 
 Raphael Ledos de Beaufort, and Biographical 
 Preface, Q portraits] 3 vols, 8vo, cloth (pub 31s 6d) 
 
 1886 12 
 
 Shakespeare.— D. Bacon's Philosophy of 
 the Plays of Shakespeare Unfolded, 
 with a Preface by N. Hawthorne, 8vo (pub 18s) 
 
 Groomhridge d; Sons, 1857 4 
 
 Shakespeare and the Emblem Writers, an 
 Exposition of their Similarities of Thought and 
 Expression, preceded by a View of Emblem 
 Literature down to A.d. 1616, by H. Green, 17 
 plates and many woodcuts in the text of the 
 devices from the original authors, roy. 8vo, orna- 
 mental gilt cloth, gilt top (pub £1 lis 6d) 
 
 Triibner <k Co., 1870 8 6 
 
 Shakespeare's Library— A Collection of Plays 
 and Romances, Novels, Poems, and Histories em- 
 ployed by Shakespeare in the composition of 
 his Works, with Introduction and Notes, care- 
 fully revised and greatly enlarged by W. C. 
 Hazlitt, 6 vols, 12mo, half cloth, paper label (pub 
 £2 2s) 1875 20 
 
 Sport. — The Year's Sport, a Review of British 
 Sport and Pastimes for the year 1885, edited by 
 A. E. Watson, 8vo, half roan (pub 21s) 4 6 
 
24 REEVES 6- TURNER. 
 
 li$;.ZXC^m(^ZX%— continued. 
 
 South (Dr. Kobert) Sermons Preached on Several 
 Occasions, with the Chief Heads of the Sermons, 
 Memoir and Index, 2 vols, royal 8vo, double 
 columns (pub £1 4s) 1877 7 
 
 Southey's (Robert) Common - Place Book, 
 edited by J. W. Warter, 4 vols, Svo (pub 78s) 
 
 Longmans, 1876 15 
 
 Ditto, half calf, marb. edges 26 
 
 Contains Choice Passages — Collections for English Manners and 
 Literature — Special Collections— Analytical Readings — Original 
 Memoranda, &c. 
 
 Theophilus— An Essay upon Various Arts, 
 in Three Books, byTheophilus, called also Rugerus, 
 Priest and Monk, forming an Encyclopaedia of 
 Christian Art of the Eleventh Century, translated 
 by R. Hendrie, Svo, cloth 1847 5 6 
 
 Transactions of the Loggrerville Literary 
 Society, 8vo, illustrated, gilt edges 
 
 Privately 'printed, 1867 3 6 
 
 Contents.— History of England— Account of Ancient Implements 
 — Review of Juvenile Literature — Neglected Characters of Shakes- 
 peare — A Tour in Cornwall- Cornish Giants, etc. 
 
 Vaughan (C. J., D.D.) The Family Prayer 
 and Sermon Book, designed for General 
 Use, and especially adapted for those prevented 
 from attending Public Worship, vol 1, January 
 to June, vol 2, July to December, 2 vols, cloth 
 vpub 30s) 188- 11 
 
 In white cloth, with designs worked in gold 
 
 and silver on the sides and back, and fitted in a 
 
 box with elegant designs, square Svo (pub £2 2s) 15 
 
 Suitable for a present. 
 
 Wood (W. S.) An Eastern Afterglow, or Pre- 
 sent Aspect of Sacred Scenery, illustrated, Svo, 
 cloth, (pub 16s) 1880 3 6 
 
196, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. 25 
 
 '^ZXmxxCtSZX%--continued. 
 
 Wilkins (Peter) The Life and Adventures 
 
 of, by Robert Paltock, of Clement's Inn, with 
 Preface by A. H. Bullen, an exact reprint of the 
 original, tvith facsimile illustrations, 2 vols, bds. , 
 paper label (pub 10s 6d) 5 
 
 But little is known of the author, though his romantic de- 
 scriptions of the " Flying Indians" have been p(ipular for some 
 generations. It is something in the style of Robinson Crusoe and 
 Gulliver's Travels. 
 
 "Wren (Sir Christopher) His Family and his 
 Times, with Original Letters and a Discourse 
 on Architecture, hitherto unpublished, 1585—1723, 
 by L. Phillimore, frontispiece, 8vo, cloth 1883 3 
 
 Young" (K.) A Commentary on the Holy 
 Bible, as Literary and Idiomatically Translated 
 out of the Original Languages, 798 pp. post 8vo, 
 cloth 2 6 
 
 Just Purchased 
 
 Simmonds (P. L.) Animal Pood Resources 
 of Different Nations, with mention of some 
 of the Special Dainties of various People, derived 
 from the Animal Kingdom, 461 pp. (pub 9s) 3 3 
 
26 REE VES (5^' TURNER, 
 
 REEVES & TURNER have bought of 
 Mr. J. RUSSELL SMITH the Entire Stock of 
 his "LIBRARY of OLD AUTHORS," which 
 they offer at the undermentioned prices. 
 
 The Dramatic and Poetical Works of John 
 
 Marston, now lirst collected and edited by J. 
 
 O. Halliwell, F.K.S., etc., 3 vols (pub 15s) 1856 9 6 
 
 The Table Talk of John Selden, with a Bio- 
 graphical Preface and Notes by S. W. Singer, 
 Zrd Edition, port, (pub 5s) 1860 3 
 
 The Vision and Creed of Piers Ploughman, 
 
 edited by Thomas Wright ; a new edition, revised, 
 with Additions to the Notes and Glossary, 2 vols, 
 (pub 10s) 7 
 
 Hyms and Songs of the Church, by George 
 Wither, edited, with Introduction, by Edward 
 Farr ; also the Musical Notes, composed by Or- 
 lando Gibbons, with port, after Hole (pub 5s) 1856 3 
 
 Hallelujah ; or, Britain's Second Remem- 
 brancer, in Praiseful and Penitential Hymns, 
 Spiritual Songs, and IVloial Odes, by Geo. W ither, 
 with Introduction by Edward Farr, port, (pub 6s) 
 
 1857 3 6 
 
 Homer's Batrachomyomachia, Hymns and 
 Epigrams. Hesiod's Works and Days, Musa^us' 
 Hero and Leander, Juvenal's Fifth Satire, trans- 
 lated by George Chapman, with Introductif n and 
 Notes by Rev. Kichard Hooper (pub 6s) 4 
 
 See page 28 for Homer's Iliad, 
 
196, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. 27 
 
 <©ltr ^ViX1^i^X%— continued. 
 
 The Odysseys of Homer, translated according 
 to the Greek by George Chapman, with Intro- 
 duction and Notes by the Rev. Richard Hooper, 
 2 vols, fcap. 8vo, with facsimile of the rare original 
 front, (pub 12s) 1857 7 6 
 
 The Dramatic Works of John Webster, 
 Edited, with Notes, etc., by William Hazlitt, 4 
 vols (pub 20s) 1857 12 
 
 This is the most complete edition, coutaining two more plays than 
 in Dyce's edition. 
 
 The whole of the Works of Roger Ascham, 
 
 now first collected and revised, with Life of the 
 Author, by the Rev. Dr. Giles, 4 vols (pub 20s) 1866 12 
 
 Poetical Works of Robt. Southwell, Canon 
 of Loretto, now first completely edited by W. 
 B. Turnbull (pub 4s) 1856 2 6 
 
 The Dramatic Works of John Lily; (The 
 Euphuist), now first collected, with Life and 
 Notes by F. W. Fairholt, 2 vols (pub 10s) 6 6 
 
 Diaries of Thomas Hearne, the Antiquary 
 
 edited by Dr. liliss, 3 vols, ^or^. (pub 15sj 9 
 
 The Poetical Works of Richard Crawshaw, 
 Author of ' ' Steps to the Temple," ' ' Sacred Poems, 
 with other Delights of the Muses, " and ' * Poe- 
 mata," now first collected, edited by W. B. Turn- 
 bull (pub 5s) 3 
 
 Dr. Cotton Mather's Wonders of the In- 
 visible World, being an Account of the Trials 
 of several Witches lately executed in New Eng- 
 land, with Dr. Increase Mather's Further Account 
 of the Tryals, and Cases of Conscience concernins; 
 Witchcrafts, 1693, with an Introductory Preface, 
 portrait (pub 5s) 1862 3 
 
 Remains of the Early Popular Poetry of 
 England, collected and edited by W. Carew 
 Hazlitt, 4 vols, with many curious woodcut fac- 
 similes (pub 20s) 1864—6 12 
 
28 REE VES 6- TURNER. 
 
 (f^Itr 'B,Vii\^tiX%— continued. 
 
 Miscellanies, by John Aubrey, F.R.S., the Wilt- 
 shire Antiquary, 4th edition, with some Additions 
 and an Index, port, and cuts (pub 4s) 1857 2 6 
 
 Amadis of Gaul. — The Renowned Romance of 
 Amadis of Gaul, by Vasco Lobeira, translated 
 from the Spanish version of Garciodonez de Mon- 
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 Nearly ready, Third and Revised Edition of 
 
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