y,C-NRLF ^B 20 512 ^ GIFT j JN23 BJ'-' A Brief History Of The American Consulate General At Guayaquil, ELcuador By FREDERIC WEBSTERj CODING GUAYAQUIL 1920 rrtnted for tlie Author lij- Thk Advertisf.k Press Livermoro Falls, Maine. V. S. A. .••••• • WHAT PEOPLE THINK ABOUT A CONSUL By ? Most people imagine it is a fine thing A consul to be, representing a king, Or a queen, or a prince, or an * * emperador, " Or a cannibal chief, if he cannot be more. That consuls, sans doute, have at their command Cnlimted cash, which is always at hand To give unto all who seek his protection. Or with his country have a claim of connection. They expect him to be a judge and a priest, A doctor, a lawyer — know something at leapt Of every language that's spoken on earth ; Speak Chinese and Welsh, or he's thought nothing worth ; Of biscuits and medicine chests, curing of pork, Child-birth and marrying, and grave diggers work; Preaching and praying, and lime juice and scurvy. Of merchants affairs long turned topsy-turvy. That they know better the laws of his nation, Can teach him the duties pertains to his station. He has no right out of his oflfice, or in it. On board or on shore, or relax for a minute To eat or to drink, be awake or asleep, To buy what he needs, or bis money to keep : To be jollv or sad, to laugh or to cry. To be healthy cr sick, to live or to die. He must study all sciences, be a 'savant. Can never do right, but always is wrong. If a drunk sailor comes dirty and stinking Into the consulate, half mad from drinking, The long suffering Consul should remove him with care, And never attempt to throw him downstair. In fact he must know or do everything, or The general cry is "What is he for?" He must not be young, old, single or married; And I really believe that when he is buried. They will continue still to vent out their spleen — Deny him Heaven, Hades, or Fiddler's Green. M17509 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/briefhistoryofamOOgodirich A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN CONSULATE GENERAL AT GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR. On the 31st day of May, 1825, a Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Navigation and Commerce was proclaimed between the United States and Colombia, of which Ecuador Uien formed a part, containing the following: Article XXVI. To make more effectual the protection which the United States and the Republic of Colombia shall afford in future to the navigation and commerce of the citi- zens of each other, they agree to receive and admit Consuls and Vice Consuls in all the ports open to foreign commerce, who shall enjoy in them all the rights, prerogatives, and immunities of the Consuls and Vice Consuls of the most fa- vored nation; each contracting party remaining at liberty to except tho.'se porta and places in which the admission and residence of such Consuls may not seem convenient. In accordance with the above mentioned provision, the President of the United States on June 9, 1824, appointed in recess, WILLIAM WHEELWRIGHT as the first American consular representative to be stationed in Ecua> dor, with his office at Guayaquil which was confirmed April 8, 1825. He was recognized by the Intendente of the Department of Guayaquil, General Juan Paz Castillo, July 5, 1825, in the subjoined communi- cation (translation): I have had the honor to receive your note on the 2nd instant, over whose contents I have meditated carefully before giv- ing you the following answer: Until the Government of this Republic orders that you be placed in possession of the position which the Government of the United States has given to you, there is wanting an indispensible formality for the discharge of the duties of your office in the fullness of its dignity. But THAT WILL NOT HINDER THIS INTEN- DhlNCIA FROM RECOGNIZING YOU AS A PUBLIC AGENT OF THE UNITED STATES for all classes of busi- neas that should occur with that Nation. It is very pleasing that the wise election of a Consul in Guayaquil by the Gov- ernment of the United States has fallen on a person who, like you, is well known and highly esteemed by its inhabi- tants. 3 Mr. Wheelwright was born in Newburyport, Mass , in 1798. While master of the American ship "Rising Star", he was wrecked on the coast of Argentina, from whence he and his crew after suffer- ing many hardships eventually reached the west coast After his ap- pointment as Consul, with General Joseph Villamil and a Mr. Foley, he erected the first steam sawmill in Ecuador; and was granted the exclusive privilege for "Steam Navigation" by the Ecuadorian Congress issued April 14, 1837 In the year 1840 he organized the Pacific Steam Navigation Company in England, with a capital of $1,000,000, whose vessels were the first steamsnips to uavjgate the Pacific Ocean. Later, he constructed the first steam railroad in South America, from Caldera to Copiapo, in Chile. After amassing a fortune in various engineering projects, he died in London in 1873, and was buried in his native town. Mr. Wheewright reported to the State Depart- ment March 16, 1828, that he was preparing to leave his post. On November 21 following he appointed ROBERT SCOT vice consul; on December 5, 1831, he was named acting consul by the U. S. Naval Commander for the Pacific and remained m charge until late in the year 1832. A copy of a letter written by him to General John Illingworth, Intendente of Guayaquil, is on file in this office, a translation of which reads as follows: Sir: As the Minister of the United States at Bogota has addressed the Government of Colombia, regarding the sub- ject of ships' registers, 1 have no desire to trouble the au- thorities of the place with representat ons relative to the same subject. But, as representative of a Nation which should enjoy equal privileges, such as the case of the British sailing vessel "Royal Sovereign," I respectfully request of your Excellency permission to receive the register of the • Brigantine "Rover," of Salem, United States, which en- tered the port this morning, as the captain, Mr. Jeremiah Briggs, was obliged to deliver it to the boarding officer My Minister at Bogota informs me the object of this meas- ure is to permit the collectors of customs to Know, with truth, the exact lonnage of the vessels which anchor in this port. Deferring to the points in view you may have on the subject, permit me to note that a certificate from this Consulate would, in my opinion, be sufficient for the object desired, and at the same time permit the Consul to fulfill the duties his Government demands of him. Without further occupying your attention with my observations, I respectfully beg of you, that you order the registers of United States vessels to be retained by the respective cap- tains, so they may in turn deposit them with the Consul, thereby complying with the laws of the United States on the subject. No records are available which show the date Mr. Scot ceased to act as Consul in Guayaquil ; but it is certain that there was no Ameri- can consular officer at the post for a short time as a complaint of an American citizen, Alexander Ruden, was presented to the authorities at Guayaquil by Mr. Walter Cope, Consul for Great Britain in this port, "there not being a Consul or Vice Consul of the United States of America here," according to a document dated 1833, on file. JOSEPH VILLAMIL General Joseph Villamil, a native of New Orleans, La., and an important factor in the Ecuadorian war for independence, was ap- pointed and confirmed March 8, 1833, but was soon succeeded by SETH SWEETZER. This gentleman is first mentioned in connection with this office in a communication written by him to the Department of State dated December 5, 1833, stating that he was acting Consul ; his appoint- ment followed, dated May 5, 1834, and the issuance of his exequatur reported February 24, following, the date he assumed the duties of his post. The earliest record preserved in this consulate is a letter dated May 21, 1835, addressed to "Seth Sweetzer, U. S. Consul." A letter which caused considerable official comment was, on June 28, 1839, addressed by him to the Governor of Guayaquil, in the following words: **1 have the honor of informing you that, having to absent myself from here on private matters, I have named Mr. Charles Luken as Vice Consul at this port." Mr. Sweetzer having arranged to visit the United States, he again appointed Mr. Luken as Vice Consul, to act during his absence notifying the Governor of Guayas May 31, 1842, the appointment being recognized conditionally by the President of But three small volumes of the early records were saved from the fire of 1896 Ecuador, September 13th. To prevent similar unauthorized appointments of persons to act as consular officers, in 1842 President Florea issued a decree, and with it an official communication on such nominations, which read as fol- lows : The frequent occurance of naming substitute consuls and vice consuls without the customary presentation of despatches or commissions from the Supreme authorities of the Nation; and it being convenient, from the importance of the consular character that no person has the right to invest it without the formalities prescribed for the rights of the people, it is decreed : Article 1. No person shall be recognized in the character of Consul Genera!, Consul or Vice Consul, but in con- sequence of the exhibiton of a commission in proper form, sent by the Supreme Chief of the Nation to which he per- tains. Article 2. Notwithstanding, individuals named by a diplo- matic representative, consul general, or by a private party who, by the private laws of regulation of his Nation, or by h)s credentials or commission, has been authorized to make similar nominations, shall be recognized in the character of vice consul or commercial agent. Mr. Sweetzer was a partner in the house of Jcaza, Sweetzer & Co., of this city, commission merchants, exporters, and agents for American manufacturers and merchant shipping lines. He continued in office until his death which occurred September 13, 1848. His wife and several children survived him for many years, residing at Guayaquil, the last of the family, a son, dying here thirteen or four- teen years ago. GEORGE W. BAKER Mr. Baker was appointed ** Acting Consul" September 21, 1848, by Minister Livingston, assuming the duties immediately afterward. He was an American, employed as chief clerk in the local business firm of Mickle & Co., and occupied the position of consul for six months. MATTHEW PALMER GAME. In the city of Philadelphia, Penn., Captain Game was born in 1805, an from an early age he followed the sea. In 1820 he, with Commodore John Daniel, entered the service of Venezuela to fight for its independence, continuing until late in 1829 when he arrived in 6 Gufiyaquil as lieutenant and second in confimand of the Colombian fri- gate of war COLOMBIA, February 8, 1830, resigning two years after, having been in several political disturbances connected with the foreign affairs of Colombia. He entered the employ of the com- mercial firm of Luzarraga & Co , as master of the ship "Adela, " for whom he made several voyages to Europe, soon becoming its responsi- ble head. Later, he organized the importing house of Cox & Game, which continued active for many years. During that period he signed documents as "In charge of the Consulate," one being dated Decem- ber 12, 1845, but was not appointed until January 5, 1849, the date of his exequatur being March 27, 1849. He assumt^d charge on the 17th of August following, his incumbency continuing until his resig- nation December 31, 1857. While in charge, the Protestant Cem- etery of GuBysquil was established, the Governor of the Province, instructed by President Robles, assisting Consul Game to select the site on December 9, 1856. During Mr. Game's term of office, Mr. John F. Garbe was «cting as vice consul in 1851, and on April 10, American Charge de Affaires Cortland Gushing signed documents in that capacity; but Mr. Horace H. Cox was recognized later in 1851, and again in 1852 by the Am- erican Government during the Consul's absence in Europe and the Unit- ed States. With the approval of the Department of State Mr. Thomas B. Adams was appointed vice consul October 31, 1856, his resigna- tion accompanying that of Mr. Game. In 1842, Captain Game married Senorita Francisca Jimenez, a member of one of the leading families of Ecuador. He was an emin- ently successful business man who accumulated a considerable fortune, owning a large estate on the Island of Puna called "Puna Espanola," valued at $175,000. He died February 20, 1888, at an advanced age, and was buried on his Puna Island estate, having enjoyed in foil the confidence, affection and esteem of the Ecuadorian Government and its people. Of him. La Nacion of Guayaquil paid the following trib- ute: "As a mariner and soldier of the great war, he was loyal, punctil- lious and valient; as a merchant, active and honorable in every sense: as a father of a family, loving and solicitOHS with his children; as a friend, noble and sincere : as a man, highly humanitarian and philan- thropic. ' ' His descendents have occupied prominent positions in the politi- cal and financial affairs of Ecuador. THOMAS V. CLARK was appointed Vice Consul at Guayaquil, by the American Minis- ter, December 23, 1857, and was recognized by the Ecuadorian au- thorities as from January 1, 1858, when he assumed the duties. J. H. D. SIGUR of Louisiana, was appointed in recess, on September 3, 1858, which was cancelled later. He did not assume charge of the post. JOSE N. CASANOVA. Mr. Casanova was appointed and confirmed as American Consul, March 1, 1859, as from New York. He was born in France, and established a prominent family in Guayaquil; apparently he continued in the position of American Consul until 1861. AMASA MASON of New York, received a recess appointment as consul on September 20, 1861, but was transferred to another post. FRANCIS McCATTA, the British Vice Consul, was appointed by Minister Haseaurek as "Acting Consul, " and discharged the duties from January 20, to October 13, 1861 JAMES WILSON a native of Indiana, declined the recess appointment as consul made October 23, 1861. LOUIS VICTOR PREVOST On September 16, 1861, Minister Hassaurek named as "Provis- ional consul" Mr Prevost, a recent arrival in Guayaquil from Mary- land, who assumed the duties a month later. The President appoint- ed him Consul on May 8, 1863, the Senate confirming March 18, 1864. Mr. Prevost organized an American company here in 1861, and es- tablished the city gas works of which he was the manager for several years. He died of yellow fever in Guayaquil, May 23, 1867, and was buried here, his widow and children returning to Baltimore. The office records prove him to have been an efficient officer who gave close attention to his duties, while his former friends and as- sociates bear witness to his many excellent personal qualities. During his term of office, March 26, 1862, the President ap- pointed, and the Senate conferred, 8 JAMES L. DeGRAW of New Jersey, consul at Guayaquil, who arrived here May 27, 1862, His resignation was forwarded to the Department on the 23rd of the following month, without his having assumed charge, and he departed for the united States the next day. JAMES A. KENNEDY from Vermont, was recalled after having been appointed December 23, 1862, and confirmed. CHARLES M. PROCTOR This appointment was made March 13, 1863, and confirmed by the Senate, being credited to Maine. Mr. Proctor resigned soon after- ward. ELISHA LEE The vacancy occasioned by the death of Mr. Prevost was filled by Minister Coggeshall naming Mr. Lee "Consul ad Interim," June 1, 1867, who entered upon his duties ten days later. His regular ap- pointment by the Department as Vice Consul was dated July 17, and by the President as Consul, July 20, of the same year. He was born at Salisbury, Conn , and had been for ten years a resident of Guaya- quil, prior to the date of his appointment. Just before his departure for the United States on leave of absence from which he did not return, he placed in charge of the office GEORGE P. BKAGDON as Vice Consul, who entered upon his duties April 10, 1868, on the day Mr. Lee sailed. The Department sanctioned the nomination on the 27th of the following June. Captain Bragdon was a native of Canton, N. Y. and had resided in Guayaquil for seven years. He re- mained in charge until the arrival of CHARLES WEILE of Nevada, who had been appointed by the President as Consul on April 16, 1869, assuming his duties on the 8th of the following month. He was American Consul at Tumbes, Peru, in 1867, and may have come lo this post from there. Vice Consul Bragdon was again in charge durinqj the absence of the Consul in the United States from June 25, to November 4, 1870, as also was Mr. William Hig- gins. Consul for Chile, during a visit to Quito in December 1872. Dr. Alcides Destruge, Con.«iul-Genfral for Venezuela, was appointed 9 Vice Consul, September 9, 1873, and was in charge during Consul Weile's second visit to the United States from April 1, 1874, to April 1, 1875; he resigned and returned to the United States early in 1876, apparently leaving Dr. Destruge in charge, but the records are silent on the point. RICHARD McAllister, jr. received his appointment July 3, 1876, but seems not to have assumed his duties as consul. He was from Mississippi. PHANOR MARTIN EDER Born in the Baltic Provinces of Russia about the year 1830, in child- hood going to the United States, Mr. Eder after attaining his major- ity became naturalized in the City of New York. He engaged in mer- cantile pursuits for a number of years, as well as in banking, and be- came Mayor of Elko, Nevada. About the year 1872, he established himself in the import, export and banking business at Guayaquil, where he resided for many years. Mr. Eder was appointed Consul at Guayaquil on August 15, 1876, and was officially in charge from March 1, 1877, but actually performed the duties pertaining to the position from a few days after the date of his appointment. Dr. Destruge was again confirmed as Vice Consul January 4, 1877. Au- gust 25, 1879, Consul Eder delivered the archives to his successor. Mr. Eder was again appointed Consul at Guayaquil during recess on November 6, 1880, which was confirmed by the Senate May 16, 1881; and, although he accepted the honor, resigned October 21, without having taken charge of the office. In the early eighties Mr. Eder removed to London, later retiring from active business to Brussels where he was ad honorarem Consul for Ecuador and Panama. He died there in 1911, leaving a childless widow. ALEXANDER McLEAN Mr. McLean was born in Belleville, N. J., in 1844, He was employed at an early age on the illustrated New York papers. He served in the Civil War in an Indiana regiment, and later as first lieu- tenant of the signal corps under Gen. Grant. After a varied experi- ence in photographic and other business in the West Indies where he recovered from an attack of yellow fever, he became identified with regular newspaper work in New York and Jersey City. He was appointed Consul at Guayaquil by President Hayes, May 29, 1879, 10 confirmed June 3, 1879, assuming charge of the office August 25th. The annual report prepared by Consul McLean is one of the most elaborate and exhaustive ever compiled on Ecuador. The continued ill health of his family caused his resignation, which became effective July 12, 1880; but, through the commercial house of Antipara & McLean, he continued his interest in Ecuador for many years. Returning to his native State, he again entered upon a journal- istic career, where his influence for the public weal extended beyond the borders of New Jersey. He filled many positions of public truet, at one time being sheriff of his home county, and was recognized as among the ablest of New Jersey's sons. Mr. McLean dii?d in Jersey City January 6, 1916, where he is buried. ALCIDES DESTRUGE Dr. Destruge, a native of Venezuela, and at the time Consul Gen- eral for that Republic, assumed charge of the post as Vice Consul, continuing until the arrival of a regular appointee. During this period the salary was increased to $1200 per year. He was an alumnus of the Medical Department of the University of New York, and enjoyed a lucrative practice in Guayaquil. One of his sons is Di- rector-General of the Ecuadorian Telegraph Service, and author of "Correlacion de las Fuerzas Naturalea" ; another is the distinguished Director of the Guayaquil Municipal Museum and Library, and author of many historical works of great value ; his patient search among the official records made possible the insertion in this sketch of much interesting information relating to the early history of the office. HENRY C. MILLER Mr. Miller was appointed from Peter, Minn., May 17, 1882, ar- riving here July 31, and entered upon his duties August 7 of that year. He returned to the United States on the 11th of the following December, leaving Vice Consul Destruge in charge who continued to act until August 25, 1883, when the archives were delivered to MARTIN REINBERG who had been appoint* d Vice Consul April 9, 1883 That gentleman at first declined the honor, insisting on the retention of his prede- cessor, but eventually accepted it. He was born in the Baltic Provinces of Russia in the year 1852, 11 was educated in Germany and later was naturalized as an American citizen at Cincinnati, Ohio, where his parents had established their home. He arrived in Guayaquil in the year 1867, as a member of the commercial firm of which his uncle. Consul Eder, was the head, afterward being selected as manager of the Commercial & Agricul- utural Bank of this city. Later, he became local manager of the Andean Trading Company of New York, a position he has filled to the present time. He is local agent for the Blue Diamond Steamship Line of New York, and of the United Fruit Line. HORATIO N. BEACH Mr. Beach, a native of Brockport, N. Y. , (July 5, 1884) assumed charge of the consulate August 16, 1883, having been consul at Puerto Cabello, Venezuela. He left on a leave of absence to the United States July 8, 1884, and while there was .successful on No- vember 25, in having this office raised to the rank of Consulate-Gen- era), with the salary increased to $3000. per year The State Department records give his appointment as Consul-General as from July 5, 1884 Vice Consul-General Reinberg was in charge of the office, as also for some time after the final departure of Mr. Beach from Ecuador, October 30, 1885. OWEN McGARR This gentleman, appointed Consul-General October 3, 1885, arrived in Guayaquil November 19, assuming the duties of the office on the 30th, although his Senate confirmation was not until August 3, 1886 During his absence in the United States the following year. Vice Consul-General Reinberg was in charge. Mr. McGarr vacated the post August 31, 1889, afterward being Secretary of Legation in Chile, 1893, and Consul at Cienfuegos, Cuba, in 1895. WILLIAM SORSBY Mr. Sorsby was born at Panola, Miss., in 1858, during the early period of his life being associated with his father in commercial affairs; later, he entered journalism, editing several country news- papers and, in 1884, was part owner of the Mobile (Ala.) MORNING TELEGRAM. On June 26, 1889, he was appointed Consul-General at Guaya- quil, assuming charge September 1, of that year, his appointment was confirmed May 14, 1890, While occupying the position, under 12 instructions from Secretary of State Blaine, Mr. Sorsby attempted to negotiate a commercial treaty with the Government of Ecuador. He arranged the adhesion of Ecuador to the Pan-American Union and for the payment of Ecuador's share of the International Railroad. He was superceded May 26, 1893. Afterward, he was American Consul at San Juan del Norte, Nicaragua, and at Kingston, Jamaica, and in 1902 was the American Minister to Bolivia. During his term of office, Mr. Isaac A. Reinberg appears to have performed the duties of Vice Consul on a number of occasions. GEORGE DILLARD This officer appointed March 30, 1893, entered upon his duties on May 27, 1893. During his incumbency most of the archives end fur- niture of the Consulate-General were destroyed by the fire of October 5th and 6th, 1896, which laid bare more than a half of the city of Guayaquil. One of Mr. Dillard's friends inscribed the following lines on the Miscellaneous Record Book in this office : "Oh land of Mississippi's waters, Of stalwart sons and ^ntle daughters 'Tis thou who sends this soldier stronjr To shield the traveler, right his wrong; To plant our flag of stripe and stiir Where oranges, yam and plantain are." He sailed from Guayaquil August 28, 1897, leaving the affairs of the office with Vice Consul-General Reinberg. PERRY M. DeLEON wns born in South Carolina, December 20, 1840, and received a col- legeate education. He was appointed Consul-General from Georgia July 15, assumed charge September 15, 1897. During his absence in the United States, Mr. John A. Wheeler, an English merchant, was in charge of the office from August 13 to December 29, 1900, as the Vice Consul-General was in Europe. After creditably occupying the position of American Vice Consul- General extending over a period of many years, on January 15, 1902, Mr. Reinberg resigned to devote his entire time to the business in- terests of which he was the manager, Mr. Robert R. Hancock was appointed to fill the vacancy Feb- 13 ruary 15, 1902, and was in charge for a few days; although his commisr^ion was received on April 1 of that year, his exequatur was refused, not for any personal reason, but owing to his being an em- ployee of a company not enjoying pleasant relations with the Ecuador- ian Government. Mr. DeLeon returned to the United States April 16, 1902, and was residing in the city of Washington in September, 1914. ROBERT B. JONES Mr. Jones has resided in Guayaquil for many years; as a mer- chant he has been instrumental in introducing many lines of American manufactures into Ecuador, and was active in all matters relating to American interests He was appointed Consul-General at Guayaquil by Minister Sampson, April 19, 1902, and entered upon his duties on the 23rd. As the appointment was irregular, the Secretary of State named him Vice Consul-General on June 2nd following He was born in Canada, and is a naturalized An erican citizen; he remained in charge until the arrival of THOMAS NAST, whose term of office was soon terminated by his death from yellow fever. Among the many able consular officers who have been stationed at this post, none have occupied so prominent a place in national affairs as had Mr. Thomas Nast. Born at Landau, Bavaria, in 1840, he was brought by his parents to the United States six years later. At the early age of 14, after a training limited to six months, he was employed on FRANK LESLIE'S WEEKLY and other periodicals to supply drawings for illustrating current events. Later, he was Aid on General Garibaldi's staff during his Italian campaigns, at the same time preparing war pictures for the illustrated press of New York, London and Paris, Returning to the United States, Mr Nast became permanently connected with HARPER'S WEEKLY, doing yeoman service in its pages with caricatures for the Union during the Civil War, and later wielded a great influence in the Cleveland-Blaine campaign and the Tweed exposures. In 1892 he established "NAST'S WEEKLY, " in New York City, which continued through the campaign. Among his most valued treasures were a silver vase presented to him by the Union League Club of New York, and one from 3500 officers and sub- ordiates of the United States Army and Navy, recognition of his ser- 14 vices to the Federal cause. He enlisted ii\ the 7th regiment during the Orange riots of 1871. Mr. Theodore Roosevelt has stated that he owed tiis political education to the pictorial efforts of Mr. Nast; and, after reaching the President's chair, he desired to show his appreciation which culminated in the appointment of Mr. Nast as Consul-General at Guayaquil May 15, 1902. He sailed from New York July 1st, arriving at his post on the 3 8th, assuming charge the next day. After performing the duties in an acceptable manner for nearly six months, during which time he exercised his wonderful skill with the pencil in answer- ing letters and invitations with caricatures greatly prized by the re- cipients, he was stricken with that curse of humanity — yellow fever; and, after a week's illness, he died December 7. 1902. He was buried in the local Protestant Cemetery, his remains at a later date being transferred to the United States, Thus sadly ended the career of a wonderful man. The duties of the post were immediately assumed by Vice Consul- General Jones. GEORGE SAWTER This officer had had some experience in the American Consular Service, having been Commercial Agent in 1893 and Consul in 1896 at Glauchau. Germany, and was Consal at Antigua, W. I., in 1901. He was appointed Consul-General at Guayaquil December 15, 1902, from New York, arriving at his post February 26, 1903. After qualifying and remaining in charge for one day, he returned to the Unit- ed States, having resigned the position as from April 15, 1903. A local wag composed the following poem based on the circumstances related : Said Mr. S. to Mrs. S., "My dear I think that we Can never live as we should live, In this 'ere town of G." Said Mr. S. to Mrs. S., "I think we'd better flee, If our lives we w'ould preserve, From this 'ere tow-n of G." The fever it is getting worse, So tells me Mr. J., Then let us pack up all our traps, And g:ently skip away." 15 "The ^teanier still is in the port, And no one knows us here ; We are the men behind the guns, 80 come along my dear." The captain's launch it took them off From this sad town of G ; But Brother J. remains behind, And draws the saler-ee. Mr. Jones was again on duty until the arrival of WILLIAM SHAW BOWEN of Rhode Island was appointed consul general to Guayaquil March 17, 1903, but declined six days later. Vice Consul -General Jones was again in charge until the arrival of HERMAN R. DIETRICH, of Utica, Missouri, who had been appointed Consul-General April 2, 1903, confirmed November 24, 1903, entering upon his duties on the 24th of the following month. While occuping the position he assisted in the arbitraton between Ecuador and the Guayaquil & Quito Railway Company, and was temporarily in charge of the American Legation at Quito in 1909. Associated with the other foreign consuls stationed at Guayaquil, he assisted in arranging the peace terms between General Plaza and the revolutionary chiefs Alfaro and Mantaro, early in 1912. During his term the salary of the office was increased to $4500 per year. While on leave of absence in the United States, from April 16, 1912, he resigned from the position December 21, 1912. CHARLES F. BAKER A native of Oklahoma, Mr Baker was appointed Vice and Deputy Consul-General at this port July 20, 1912, having been tran- f erred from the Valparaiso Consulate. Mr. Jones was in charge. Mr. Baker being placed in full control by the Department of State from October 18, 1912, and continued therein until the arrival of FREDERIC W. CODING, on October 30th of the same year, who assumed charge of the office November 7, 1913. In the Department of State Register appears the following: "Born in Hyde Park, Mass., May 9, 1858; home, Chicago, III; 16 educated in the public schools and colleges of Illinois and Tennessee; taught in the public schools of Illinois and Tennessee; was justice of the peace, president of the board of aldermen, practised medicine at Rutland, III., and was city health officer; editor and proprietor of ANCONA ADVOCATE and LOUDON COUNTY' RECORD; ap- pointed, after examination (February 3, 1898), Consul at New Castle, New South Wales, February 11, 1898; Consul at Montevideo August 15, 1907; Consul-General at Guayaquil, September 18, 1913; Consul -General of class Ave by act approved February 5, 1915," and of class four September 5, 1919 While stationed at Montevideo he was in charge of the Legation for three months. During Dr. Coding's absence on leave in the United States from August 16, to November 25, 1914, Vice Consul-General Baker was again the reliev- ing officer who was among those retired in December, 1915; the posi- tion was filled by the appointment of Mr. James F. H. Roth, of Cali- fornia, on January 8, 1916, as Vice Consul. On the resignation of Vice Consul Roth and while Mrs. Jessie Ayre Goding was ill with yellow fever, Mr. Charles W. Copeland was appointed Vice Consul June 7, 1918, and Mr. Lynn W. Franklin was detailed by the Department in a similar capacity, remaning about three months. Mrs. Goding died on June 9, 1918. Mr. Copeland resigned October 15, 1919 being followed by Mr. William W. Morse who was appointed July 15, 1919, after having had five years experi- ence as clerk. During the absence of the principal officer in the United States he was in charge of the Consulate-General from April 21 to August 1920. As our commercial interests at Quito required at- tention, and the Department having appointed Mr. Frederic F. Schrader, Jr., extra Vice Consul at this office, he was detailed to that city for two months. Mr Schrader had served in the United States Navy during the war and at the Consulate-General, Buenos Aires as clerk. Later ha was transferred to Barranquilla, Colombia. Mr. F. Virgilio Vallejo has been for seven years the faithful office messenger. 17 SURGEONS OF THE UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE DETAILED AT THIS CONSULATE-GENERAL Owing to the long delays to which passenger steamers were sub- jected on arrival to Panama, due to the unsanitary condition of the latter port, the United States authorities decided to detail a specially trained medical officer there to establish a quarantine station for the convenience of such passengers and steamers Consequently, on Feb- ruary 9, 1904, the President of the United States appointed Dr. Fleetwood Gruver medical attache to the Consulate-General at Guaya- quil, where he arrived on the 25th of the same month and organized the service. Dr. Gruver was followed by Dr. Bolivar J. Lloyd who arrived here January 14, 1906, the interim being filled by Dr. Luis Cornejo Gomez of the local health board. During Dr. Lloyd's incumbency the President of Ecuador, in 1908, created a sanitary commission composed of Dr. Lloyd, Dr. Cornejo, Dr Franicaco Martinez S. , and Sr. Emilio Estrada the Governor of Guayas, allotting to the commis- sion 20,000 sucres monthly for two years to be used in a campaign for the extermination of bubonic plague, yellow fever, small pox and all other contagious diseases. About the middle of the same year Dr William M VVight.Tian arrived as sanitary surgeon; but unfortunately he contracted yellow fever from which he died May 16, 1909, his position being tempor- arily filled by Dr. F. Andrade and Dr. Carlos A. Mino. Dr Lloyd remained until 1909, shortly prior to his departure being married January 26, 1910, toMissJosefa Gomez S , one of Guayaquil's charm- ing daughters. Dr. Herman B. Parker relieved his predecessor on December 21, 1909, remaining until 1913 when he returned to the United States leaving Dr. Mino in charge; that gentleman having been de- tailed to Quito by the Director of Sanitation, resigned to be suc- ceeded by Dr. Cornejo until relieved by Dr. Hugo A, Greenwood who was appointed on January 7, 1914 The latter was followed by Dr. Parker who had been re-appointed March 14, 1914, and arrived here some months later. He resigned March 3, 1918, after a service of twenty years, but continued to act until his successor was named. 18 The present incumb'ent, Dr Carlos V. Coello, formerly interne in the Marine Hospital at New Orleans, was appointed May 11, 1918, assuming charge of the position June 1, of the same year. This brief summary of the eminent surgeons who have been ap- pointed by the American Government to fill this important position, will serve as a record for future historians who may desire to use the facts relative thereto. 19 AGENCIES UNDER THIS CONSULATE-GENERAL ESMERALDAS The first we learn of consular agencies in Ecuador appears in a recommendation made by Consul Weile July 1, 1871, in a communica- tion to the Department of State recommending that an American con- sular agency be established at Esmeraldas, and nominating Dr. W. C. Downs as Agent. This was approved by the Department of State September 23, of that year, Consular Agent Down's certificate of ap- pointment being dated that day. From the records it is learned that a vacancy occurred September 24, 1873 and no other appointment appears to have been made at the time to fill it. On October 22, 1883, Consul-General Beach reported the necessity for an agency at Esmeraldas, which was followed by the appointment of Mr. Pedro R. Prias, a Colombian, December 28, 1889. Daring his absence, Mr. R. Iriarth was acting agent in 1892. He was followed by Fernand Servat, born and educated in France, arriving in the United States in 1883, naturalized as an American citi- zen in 1891 and appointed January 1, 1893. During that year, while on leave of absence, Adolph Scheenemann was acting agent. His successor was Rene Dumarest, also a French naturalized American citizen, who remained in the position from March 27, 1905 to August 20, 1907. Frederick Ashton, an Englishman who was British Vice Consul and manager of the cable company, filled the place from August 21, 1907, to June 30, 1908. George Drum Hedian was the first native-born American to occu- py the position. He was appointed February 19, 1908 but owing to delay in the receipt of his exequatur he did not take charge of the ofllice until July 1 of that year, in which he has remained to the pres- ent time. Mr. Hediau was born at Wilkes-Barre, Penn. , in 1856; he graduated B. E. , in 1874 from the State Normal School five years later receiving the degree of M. E. D. He also received the degrees of L. L. B., and L. L. M., from Columbia University in 1883 and 1884 respectively, practicing law and performing court stenographic work until 1890, During the following years he was private secre- 20 tary to Bancroft, the historian, and secretary of the New York Mining Exchange until his departure for Ecuador in 1899 to represent Ameri- can mining interests which have occupied his attention since then. In 1919, while absent in the United States he was relieved by Lorenzo Delbechio. Several others have acted temporarily at this post who had no commissons. BAHIA DE CARAQUEZ This Agency was established early in the year 1883 when E. T. Goddard, an Englishman, was appointed Agent and remained in charge for more than ten years. During his term of office a number of im- portant questions were settled, chief of which was the Santos case, that gentleman receiving $50,000 from the Ecuadorian Government for alleged false imprisonment. During an extended leave of absence, Messrs. Filiberto T. Vasquez, Zephyr Constantine, Fernaud Servat, Cayetano Zedeno, Jose P. Polit and G. Villacis were acting Agents. Zephyr Constantine, a Greek naturalized American citizen, was appointed Agent July 2, 1894, serving four and a half years. Jose M. Patau's appointment was dated January 10, 1899, and he remained in the position less than a year. Carlos A. Naht was appointed November 20, 1899, and served until relieved by his successor, a few months afterward. Alberto Santos, the present incumbent, was appointed September 10, 1900. He was born at Bahia de Caraquez in 1871, and was educated at St. James College, Baltimore, Md. , remaining in the United States for a number of years, and returned to his native city as an associate of his brother in commercial, agricultural and live stock business. On the death of his brother, the business was organized into a company of which he became the manager, the interests of which he developed until it has become one of the most extensive and important American properties in Equador. While absent in the United States, in 1919, Eliaa Belasco was in charge. In 1919 he was chosen president of the Bank of Manabi. He is also Consul for Panama at the same place. MANTA On the recommendation of Consul-General Beach, on October 15, 1883, Mr. Carl W. E. Burghard, a German, was appointed the first American consular agent at Manta, receiving his commission and exe- 21 quatur December 28, the same year. On his resignation dated Au- gust 28, 1884, Mr. Pedro G. Cordova was appointed, his exequatur being dated December 29, Mr. L. E. Sanchez acting during the inter- val. As Mr Cordova resigned September 10, 1885 Pedro A. Moreira. an Equadorian, was appointed the next day by Consul-General Beach which was confirmed by the department. During his term, J. C. Rodriquez was acting agent. Mr Moreira resigned to become Govern- or of the province Paul Gonzenbach, a German naturalized citi- zen, was appointed March 5, 1902 and served more than five years. Max Voelcker, a German, was the last to occupy the position; his commission being dated September 19, 1907; the post was per- manently closed March 2, 1912. During his absence in Europe, G. Lewis was in charge from June 17, 1911, to January 20, 1912. SALANGO On the representation of the Salango Export Company, an Amer- ican concern, an American Consular Agency was established at the estate called Salanga, in the province of Manabi and John A. Hanley, Jr., appointed Agent. The archives of the Agency were delivered to James J. Faith October 16th following, who however, was not ap- pointed to fill the vacancy and the Agency was permanently closed. 22 INSPECTORS OF CONSULATES On the passage of the law of 1905 reorganizing the American consular service, the creation of five inspectors of consulates was au- thorized, with the rank of Consuls General at large. RICHARD M. BARTLEMAN The first inspector appointed for South and Central America and the Antillas was Mr. Richard M. Bartleman, a native of the State of Massachusetts. Prior to his appointment he had filled thp positions of Secretary of Legation in Caracas, and consul successively at Antigua. Malaga, Genoa, Valencia, and Cadiz, which positions he filled with distinction. He was appointed Inspector of Consulates on May 14, 1906, which post he held until the following year, resigning to accept the place of Consul at Madrid, where he removed after his new appointment. From there he went to Buneos Aires as Consul General ; and from that place to the city of Cienfuegos as Consul, retiring from the con- sular service in 1917, after having been promoted to Class IV. ALBERT R. MORAWETZ The vacancy created by Mr. Bartleman's acceptance of the con- sulate at Madrid was filled by the appointment of Mr. Albert R. Morawetz, of Maryland, on August 14, 1907. After two years and a half this gentleman was transferred to the Consulate at Leipzig where he remained until 1912, when he finally retired from the service. Before accepting the position of Inspector he was Vice Consul at No* gales (Mexico) and Consul at Bahia (Brazil). CHARLES C. EBERHARDT The third inspector of this district was Mr. Charles C. Eberhardt a native of Kansas, U. S. A., appointed on January 12, 1910, which position he filled for nine years to the satisfaction of his government. Mr. Eberhardt, in addition to rectitude in th« discharge of his duties, possesses a charming personality which won the good will of his subordinates He enjoyed the esteem and affection of all the members of the consular service in his district. Before being inspector, he was employed in the American Embas- sy in the City of Mexico, and was afterwards Consul at Iquitos (Peru) and at Barranquilla (Colombia). At the present time he is inspector in the far East, which appointment was made m 1919. 23 Gaylamount Pamphlet Binder Gaylord Bros., Inc. Stockton, Calif. T.M.Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. Yf nA/1% X 14 DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED LOAN DEPT. This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. m('\'m' REC'D CD m^ uh^