HV 
 
 S030 
 
 MM3 
 
 The First Six Months 
 
 of • 
 
 Prohibition in Arizona 
 
 and its 
 
 Effect Upon Industry, Savings an** 
 Municipal Government 
 
 By Thomas K. Marshall 
 
 Tucson, Arizona 
 
 o 
 
 C.pyrijbl. ISIS. b> Th.».« K. Mnr.lii.il 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2007 with funding from 
 
 Microsoft Corporation 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/firstsixmonthsofOOmarsrich 
 
* 6 ^ 
 
321753 
 
INDEX 
 
 Page 
 
 Automobiles and Pleasures 54—59 
 
 Approximate Sales of Liquors. 11 
 
 Arrests by United States Marshal 11 
 
 Boys Attending School 54 
 
 Building Permits, Tucson 60 
 
 Banks 19 
 
 County and City Government 25 
 
 Coconino 26 
 
 Flagstaff 27 
 
 Williams 28 
 
 Cochise 29 
 
 Douglas 3 2 
 
 Bisbee 31 
 
 Greenlee 38 
 
 Graham 3 5- 
 
 Maricopa 39 
 
 Phoenix 41 
 
 Mohave 44 
 
 Pima 4!> 
 
 Tucson 5$ 
 
 Pinal 62 
 
 Florence 64 
 
 Santa Cruz 65 
 
 Nogales 65 
 
 Gila 35 
 
 Globe 38 
 
 Yavapai '.,.. 67 
 
 Prescott 68 
 
 Yuma 70 
 
 City of Yuma 71 
 
 Crime in Cities — Comparison 9 
 
 Crime — Decrease Under Prohibition 7 
 
 Copper Queen Record of Efficiency 4 
 
 Decrease of Crime in Counties 8 
 
 Drunkenness — Does Prohibition Prohibit? 9 
 
 Household Furniture Increases 53 
 
 Efficiency of Labor Increases 4 
 
 Industrial School — Inmates Compared 13 
 
 Mines — Prohibition and Labor 4 
 
 Luxuries Increase 54 
 
 Prohibition and the State Tax Rate 16 
 
 Prohibition — Its Enforcement 51 
 
 Prison — Commitments to 12 
 
 Public Improvements 24 
 
 Postal Receipts Compared - 23 
 
 Politics — How It Affects Tax Rates - 14 
 
 Prohibition Amendment 73 
 
 Road Improvements 24 
 
 Reduction of Tax Rates — Example 16 
 
 School Attendance Compared 18 
 
 Summary of Six Months of 1915 ^.. - 72 
 
 Tax Rates — Prohibition and Taxation '...-..*.........,/— 1 13 
 
 University of Arizona Attendance — — 17 
 
 Valuations of Real Estate : „\.„ t ....' v . :..:.». .::.. ■-,..:•. > % 53 
 
 Vote on Amendment .*-• J....X.... ..- ■-....». 2: 
 
ARIZONA PROHIBITION AMENDMENT 
 
 The prohibition amendment to the Constitution of the State 
 of Arizona is as follows: 
 
 Section I. Ardent spirits, ale, beer, wine, or intoxicating liquor 
 or liquors of whatever kind shall not be manufactured in, or intro- 
 duced into the State of Arizona under any pretense. Every person 
 who sells, exchanges, givco, barters, or disposes of any ardent spirits, 
 ale, beer, wine, or intoxicating liquor of any kind, to any person in 
 the State of Arizona, or who manufactures, or introduces into, or 
 attempts to introduce into the State of Arizona any ardent spirits, 
 ale, beer, wine, or intoxicating liquor of any kind, shall be guilty of 
 a misdemeanor and upon conviction shall be imprisoned for not 
 less than ten days nor more than two years, and fined not less than 
 twenty-five dollars and costs nor more than three hundred dollars 
 and costs for each offense; provided, that nothing in this amend- 
 ment contained shall apply to the manufacture or sale of denatured 
 alcohol. 
 
 Section 2. The legislature shall by appropriate legislation pro- 
 vide for the carrying into effect of this amendment. 
 
 Section 3. This amendment shall take effect on, and be in 
 force on and after the first day of January, 191 5. 
 
 It was voted upon November 3, 19 14. It went into effect Jan- 
 uary 1, 1915. 
 
 The vote was as follows: 
 For, 25,887. 
 Against, 22,743. 
 Arizona has equal suffrage. 
 
 ; •":••.: 
 
The First Six Months of Prohibition 
 
 in Arizona 
 
 By Thomas K. Marshall 
 Tucson, Arizona. 
 
 In order to ascertain from the records the effect of prohibi- 
 tion in Arizona, I employed Mr. George H. Smalley, an expert 
 engaged in municipal and research work in Arizona, and a member 
 of the statistical firm of Smalley & Badenhausen, of Tucson, to 
 make a complete survey of the state, and the result is submitted 
 herewith. 
 
 Through bank deposits, gross postal receipts, the expense of 
 public and private charities, and interviews with merchants over 
 the State, there is shown to have been a serious depression exist- 
 ing in Arizona throughout the year 19 14 and extending into 191 5. 
 A decided improvement set in immediately following the advent 
 of prohibition, which increased each month, and was very marked 
 during July, August and September. That a period of prosperity 
 has begun there can be no doubt, and that a greater number of 
 people are going to share in it is shown from the great improve- 
 ment in social conditions over the State. 
 
 All but two counties in the State have increased their tax rates 
 in 191 5, and this, coming with prohibition, it is necessary to ascer- 
 tain the proportion of this increase in each county due to prohi- 
 bition, if any. If any increase was due to prohibition it must come 
 through the public welfare departments — the sheriff's office, the 
 superior and justice courts. I have been able to show from the 
 records that these departments of most of the counties have de- 
 creased during the six months' period due to prohibition. All over 
 the state juries have been prompt in convicting violators of the 
 prohibition amendment, and the counties have been reimbursed by 
 
 3 
 
fines, which in most instances more than offset the cost of prose- 
 cutions. With hundreds of offenses which were committed in 19 14 
 coming on for trial in 191 5, the actual benefit that has come to 
 municipalities does not appear accurately, but based upon the later 
 months affords a better comparison. Notwithstanding this, the 
 results are overwhelming in favor of the beneficial effects of pro- 
 hibition. 
 
 Pinal county had seventeen murders and attempts to kill dur- 
 ing the first six months of 19 14 and none for the same period of 
 191 5; Cochise county's notorious murder record has fallen off fifty 
 per cent, and many of the outlying county jails have not had an 
 inmate during the 191 5 period. Sheriffs and city marshals all over 
 the State are so well pleased with the decreased demands upon them 
 owing to the curtailment of crime that many of them are now out- 
 spoken in favor of prohibition. Billy Bayless, city marshal of Flag- 
 staff, declared that he would never again serve as a peace officer 
 in a wet town. The police- judge of that city who is paid $1.00 
 for each criminal case, finds that he is suddenly cut off from fees 
 due to the great decrease in crime. Phoenix had 1125 less arrests 
 during the 191 5 period compared with the corresponding six 
 months. In the lumber camps of northern Arizona the efficiency 
 increased to such an extent that more logs are gotten out by a lesser 
 number of men, and bank accounts have been opened by laborers 
 who never had experienced such thrift before. 
 
 Efficiency of Labor Increases. 
 
 The increased efficiency of labor in the mines and smelters 
 is very marked. The Copper Queen, the largest mining and 
 smelting company in Arizona, reports 31-4 less loss of time per 
 1,000 shifts in 191 5 than in 191 4. The accident ratio of 1914 
 wa9( 2.6 per 1,000 shifts and for 191 5 it is forty-five onehun- 
 dredths, or less than one-half of one per cent. There are a great 
 many more men employed, too, in 191 5, than the prior year. 
 The Old Dominion copper mining and smelting company at 
 Globe does not compile particular data relative to the subject 
 but reports the work of laborers much more regular and the 
 laying off much less since prohibition. The Calumet & Arizona 
 company and the Superior & Pittsburg Copper Company of 
 the Warren district report the number of men who now lav off 
 
the day after pay day as practically negligible. The following 
 is quoted from the report of the Calumet & Arizona company: 
 "We have always had a large number of steady men in our em- 
 ploy. It is the individual cases that stand out most prominently. 
 Many men who were in the habit of laying off for two or three 
 days every month have discontinued this practice since the first 
 of the year, and without a question their efficiency has been 
 increased. It is safe to say that prohibition has had a decidedly 
 good effect, especially as regards labor in this camp/' 
 
 The Arizona Copper Company, limited, of Clifton, reports 
 as follows: "Our records show that during the eight months 
 from January to August, 19 14, the percentage of our employes 
 who reported for work on the day succeeding pay-day was 84 
 percent; during the same period in the year 191 5 the percentage 
 of employes reporting for work was 89 percent, an increase of 
 5 percent. These figures alone do not, in our opinion, tell the 
 complete story of the increase in efficiency in a mining camp 
 such as ours due to the prohibition law." 
 
 All over the state the reports gleaned from interviews with 
 mining employers show similar benefits to efficiency of labor. 
 Banks savings accounts increase nearly $400,000 the first six 
 months, and the deposits of all banks in the state increased 
 nearly $3,000,000 up to September of 191 5, compared with the 
 preceding period of 19 14. There has been a complete recovery 
 from the financial depression of 19 14, and it is directly traceable 
 to the thrift of laborers. Arizona's manufacturing industry, the 
 production of copper, and its mining industry, returns nothing 
 to the State except what labor gives, for the product goes out 
 and lessens to that extent the wealth. So if labor is thrifty and 
 more efficient the State becomes greater in wealth, prosperity, 
 efficiency and happiness. A loss of 25 percent in efficiency 
 where there is a possible monthly payroll of several large mines 
 of $4,000,000.00 means that the State has lost $1,000,000.00 
 in actual money. That prohibition has promoted temperance 
 and efficiency there* is not a shadow of doubt. It is apparent 
 in every camp in the State to a greater or less extent according 
 to the standard of men employed. 
 
 In most camps of the State the greater number of men are 
 sober and industrions, and the illustrations of increased effi- 
 
ciency are applicable only to individual cases in each camp. 
 There is no reflection upon labor as a whole in making such 
 comparisons, but where large groups of men are employed there 
 is always a certain percentage inefficient under liquor condi- 
 tions. It is such men who have been benefitted by depriving 
 them of liquor. 
 
 Delegates of labor unions who visit members each shift 
 of the day were interviewed and they are unanimous in the 
 assertions that laborers are more constant, their homes are better 
 provided, their children fed better and clothed, and the trouble 
 that was formerly of serious import to delegates in finding 
 many of their men missing from work days after pay-day, has 
 completely disappeared. These delegates, known in the unions 
 as walking delegates, perhaps have a better insight into general 
 conditions than anyone else, for they come in daily contact with 
 their men. 
 
 Hotel men report very little trouble with help, and con- 
 tractors all over the State are impressed with the change that 
 has come in labor conditions. Those who have observed living 
 conditions amongst the Mexicans have discovered hundreds of 
 individual cases of marked improvement. 
 
 Cattlemen declare that the cowboys do not care any more 
 for carousals in town. Sheepmen, many of them who opposed 
 prohibition, now emphatically commend it as an agency for pro- 
 moting temperance and increasing efficiency. 
 
 An effort was made to secure the food stuffs shipped into 
 the State for the first six months of 191 5 compared with 1914, 
 but due to the abnormal financial conditions of 19 14, and the 
 improved conditions setting in soon after the first of 191 5, such 
 a comparison was found to be unjust. All stocks were reduced 
 and buying curtailed in 19 14 due to this depression. Some mer- 
 chants did but fifty percent of the business of 1013. The de- 
 pression extended to all lines of trades, and the railways found 
 that the freight receipts had fallen off considerably. When 
 191 5 came and the improvement began to set in, the compari- 
 sons month by month with 19 14 were soon abandoned because 
 of the abnormal conditions of that year. It must be borne in 
 mind the fact that during 191 4 while this depression was on, 
 stocks of liquor were being replenished in the State and there 
 
was no decrease in the number of saloons. A half million dollars 
 of liquor was brought into Arizona that year, which the rail- 
 roads have now lost, yet the total shipments handled will not 
 allow a just comparison with the first eight months of 191 5. 
 In other words, the loss of liquor shipments has been made up 
 by food stuffs. General Freight Agent Hallmark of the Ari- 
 zona Eastern has found this to be true of his line, and the gen- 
 eral improved conditions extend throughout the State. 
 
 The increased attendance of boys in the public and private 
 schools of the State is very marked, showing that many boys 
 heretofore compelled to work to help their fathers support the 
 family, are now enjoying the benefits of educational institu- 
 tions. There has been an increase of about 2,000 in school at- 
 tendance over the State. 
 
 Rapid Decrease in Crime Under Prohibition. 
 
 The following statements are proof of the excellent results 
 of prohibition in Arizona during the six months of 191 5. Crime 
 in counties where saloons prevailed in 1914 has fallen off 37.3 
 percent. In the cities reported in the tables there was a decrease 
 of over 50 per cent. Drunkenness decreased 85 percent, and 
 there were 199 violations of the prohibition amendment in the 
 counties of the State during the period. 
 
 This remarkable showing is for the six months immediately 
 following prohibition in Arizona when 444 saloons were stopped 
 from selling liquor but many of them still well stocked and 
 liquor plentiful in the State. The statistics are the cold facts 
 of a statistician. My deductions from the data presented must 
 ■. become the conclusion of every reasonable man and woman in 
 the State — that prohibition has been a wonderful boon to the 
 people of the State. 
 
 The moral effect can never be definitely known. You and 
 I have seen many individual cases, but there are thousands of 
 them in the State when there were 2880 less arrests for drunken- 
 ness in six months. The statistics merely point an index finger 
 to the great unseen and unknown benefit that has come to the 
 thousands of men, women and children in Arizona. 
 
 The great increase shown by many counties in the attend- 
 
ance of boys in schools shows that the fathers are now working 
 and providing for their families who heretofore wasted their 
 money and compelled their boys to work. 
 
 A trifle over three mills makes up the loss to counties of 
 revenue deprived them through the elimination of the saloons. 
 Is it worth that pittance? Read the pages following containing 
 the tables of decreased arrests and the lessening of all crimes, 
 and then pass your sober judgment upon the effects of prohibi- 
 tion in Arizona during the brief period of six months. 
 
 Decrease of Crime in Counties. 
 
 The following table includes all the counties that were 
 wholly "wet" in 19 14, and shows the effect of prohibition dur- 
 ing six months of 191 5. It also gives the per capita costs of ar- 
 rests, the saving through decreased arrests for six months, the 
 number of saloons in each county and the revenue from licenses. 
 The number of saloons varied in many counties during the year, 
 and I have taken the number at the close of 19 14, just prior to 
 prohibition, when many had gone out of business anticipating 
 the victory for prohibition in Arizona : 
 
 Commitments Per-capita Saving by in umber Loss saloon 
 
 1st six mo. cost decreased saloons revenue 
 
 County 1914 1915 arrests arrests 1914 1915 
 
 Coconino 62 34 $108.50 $ 7,272.48 17 $ 5,100-00 
 
 Cochise 149 122 141.15 6,567.73 107 42,762.50 
 
 Greenlee 473 159 28.30 4,487.76 55 13,125.00 
 
 Gila 138 90 102.20 1,985.20 67 21,100.00 
 
 Pinal 138 52 61.30 3,105.00 25 7,500.00 
 
 Pima 302 247 12.57 396.00 34 10,200.00 
 
 Mohave 90 23 83.47 2,751.84 14 4,200.00 
 
 Maricopa 157 201 122.29 1,030.74 31 9,300.00 
 
 Yavapai 143 83 93.63 lo.895.84 60 18,000.00 
 
 Yuma 388 166 21.49 7,681.40 23 6,900.00 
 
 Santa Cruz ... 94 161 28.90 1,600.00 11 3.300.00 
 
 2134 1,338 $50,773.98 444 $141,487.50 
 
 Decrease ..... 79 6 
 
 2,134 2,134 
 
 This shows a decrease in commitments to county jails of 
 37.3 percent for the six months following prohibition. There 
 are fourteen counties in Arizona, but Graham, Apache and a 
 
portion of Navajo were dry in 19 14. Maricopa and Santa Cruz 
 were the only counties which exceeded 19 14 in commitments 
 In Santa Cruz many of the commitments were for United State*- 
 offenses, and were not segregated as in the other counties. Thf 
 total saving estimated upon the per capita cost of arrests in tht- 
 foregoing table is computed for the entire year upon the six 
 months' basis. Wholesale and retail liquor licenses are included 
 in the number of saloons. The statement of arrests shows only 
 ihose committed to serve sentence. 
 
 Comparison of Crime in Cities and Towns in Arizona. 
 
 The cities and towns in the State show a greater decrease 
 in offenses than the counties. The following table shows that 
 there was a falling off of a little over 50 percent in arrests for 
 all offenses during the six months of 191 5 compared with the 
 same period of 19 14. Yuma city arrests were not recorded prior 
 to August, 1 9 14, hence no comparison can be made of that city. 
 
 Arrests Per capita Saving by Number Loss saloon 
 
 six mo. of cost decreased saloons revenue 
 
 City 1914 1915 arrests arrests 1914 1915 
 
 Bisbee 581 164 $ 8.72 $ 6,076.00 30 ? 17,254.00 
 
 Douglas 458 229 14.34 7,620.10 15 13,200.00 
 
 Prescott 90 44 48.78 17,772.40 26 5,200.00 
 
 Florence .... 33 5 35.45 9,811.20 6 1,200.00 
 
 Flagstaff ..... 90 21 22.50 10,543.60 8 1,600.00 
 
 Williams .... 83 50 6.00 1,382.70 8 1,600.00 
 
 Tombstone ... 85 7 17.64 11,184.98 6 1,200.00 
 
 Tucson 702 661 12.57 1 28 28,000.00 
 
 Phoenix 2,059 995 6.53 11,235.60 30 20,144.00 
 
 Globe 612 214 9.65 9,541.56 18 10,000.00 
 
 Yuma 16 1,600.00 
 
 4,793 2,390 $85,170.14 $100,998.00 
 
 Decrease 2,403 
 
 4,793 4,793 
 Decrease, 50.1%. 
 
 The saloons in the foregoing table are included in the total 
 saloons of the counties. 
 
 Does Prohibition Prohibit? 
 
 The following compilation of arrests for drunkenness for 
 
 9 
 
the six months' period of 1914 and 191 5 shows conditions imme- 
 diately following prohibition in Arizona when liquor was still 
 plentiful in many quarters. People stocked up with supplies 
 of liquor and there was much boot-legging going on, which was 
 expected. The officers throughout the State are making an 
 effort to stop this sale of liquor and just how successful they 
 have been is shown to a great extent through arrests : 
 
 Arrests for Prohib'tn 
 drunkenness violations 
 
 First six months of: — 1914 1915 1915 
 
 Coconino county 3 o 18 
 
 Flagstaff city 75 5 
 
 Cochise county 23 
 
 Bisbee _ 472 98 
 
 Douglas 277 27 
 
 Tombstone '.. 85 7 
 
 Mahove county 6 
 
 Kingman 24 1 
 
 Santa Cruz county _ 28 25 51 
 
 Nogales „ 80 70 
 
 Yavapai county 34 6 24 
 
 Prescott 26 15 
 
 Yuma county 150 6 9 
 
 Pinal county 48 6 2 
 
 Florence _ 21 5 
 
 Pima county 10 
 
 Tucson 345 90 10 
 
 Maricopa county 24 
 
 Phoenix 12 10 85 
 
 Greenlee county _ 348 47 21 
 
 Gila county 1 1 
 
 Globe 165 18 
 
 Decreased drunkenness 2890 
 
 3401 3401 199 
 
 Percentage of decrease 84.97 percent 
 
 10 
 
i9i5 
 
 
 6i 
 
 129 
 
 130 
 
 13 
 
 32 
 
 7 
 
 Federal Arrests Also Decrease. 
 
 The following table shows the arrests made by United States 
 Marshal Joe Dillon in Arizona during the period; also the commit- 
 ments to the state prison and industrial school, with the decrease 
 for 1915: 
 
 First six months of Decrease 
 1914 
 
 Arrests by U. S. Marshal .....190 
 
 Commitments to State's prison 143 
 
 Commitments State's Industrial school 39 
 Decrease of Crime of Counties and Cities. 
 
 The percentage of decreased crime and decreased arrests for 
 counties and cities are as follows: 
 
 Eleven counties given in table 37.3 for six months 
 
 Ten cities given in table 50. 1 
 
 Approximate Sales of Liquors in Arizona. 
 
 In order to give some idea of the amount of money spent for 
 liquor in Arizona in 19 14, the following tables are used as examples: 
 
 Possible 
 
 Total saloons in 11 counties sales 1914 Aggregate sales 
 444 $ 5,000 $2,220,000.00 
 
 444 $ 8,000 $3,552,000.00 
 
 444 $10,000 $4,440,000.00 
 
 Where has this money spent for liquors gone to? Look again 
 at the table of banks deposits for six months: 
 
 Total increase of deposits from Sept, 12, 
 19 1 4, to September 2, 191 5, 46 State and 
 13 National Banks in Arizona $2,931,204.36 
 
 
 Look at the statements of increased efficiency of labor, the in- 
 / crease attendance of boys and girls at school, the better living con- 
 ditions, and the immediate change for prosperity which set in follow- 
 i ing the} closing of the saloons. The million, two million, or three 
 
 v 
 
million dollars spent for liquor is now being used and not wasted. 
 Prosperity is based altogether upon thrift, and who can say that the 
 people of Arizona are not more thrifty now than they were when 
 saloons prevailed in the State? Every table of statistics proves the 
 economic waste under liquor conditions, and the thrift without 
 saloons. 
 
 Commitments to the State Prison. 
 
 The commitments to the State prison at Florence for the 
 first six months of 1914 and 191 5 are given below: 
 
 1914 1915 
 
 January 23 32 
 
 February _ 16 18 
 
 March 48 28 
 
 April 15 17 
 
 May 29 16 
 
 June 12 19 
 
 143 130 
 
 Of the commitments nine were for murder in 19 14 and two in 
 I9I5- 
 
 Many of the commitments for 191 5 were for crimes committed 
 during 1914 when liquor conditions prevailed. All of the January 
 191 5 commitments numbering 32 and practically all of the February 
 commitments were crimes committed in 191 4. All of the 19 14 com- 
 mitments, on the other hand, were for crimes committed under open 
 saloon conditions. 
 
 With the January and February commitments for 191 5 deducted 
 
 there were 143 commitments in 1914 against 80 in 191 5, a difference 
 of 63. 
 
 There were a number of commitments in 191 5 during the later 
 months given above for crimes committed during 19 14, the trials 
 having been delayed for various reasons. 
 
 The deduction indicates a decrease of 43 percent for the year 
 in commitments to the State prison. 
 
 12 
 
Arrests by United States Marshal. 
 
 The records of the United States Marshal's office in Phoenix 
 shows the following: 
 
 For the first six months: 19 14 19 15 
 
 Arrests for selling liquor to Indians 145 36 
 
 Illicit distilling of liquor o o 
 
 Total arrests for all offenses _ 190 61 
 
 A falling off of two-thirds in total arrests in six months 
 shows how the closing of saloons directly affected crime. This ben- 
 efit has gone directly to society and is unmeasurable. 
 
 Commitments to the State Industrial School. 
 
 The following table shows the commitments to the State Indus- 
 trial School at Fort Grant. The first few months of 191 5 represents 
 the culmination of offenses committed in 1914; in fact the entire 
 period of 191 5 represents commitments for misguided young lives 
 begun under liquor conditions: 
 
 ^1914 1915 
 
 Girls Boys Girls Boys 
 
 January 17 19 
 
 February 14 03 
 
 March 07 15 
 
 April _ 32 01 
 
 May 03 04 
 
 June _ 07 12 
 
 July _...._ 04 14 
 
 5 34 4 28 
 
 Prohibition and Taxation. 
 
 The absurdity of the statements frequently made that prohibi- 
 tion increases taxation must be apparent to anyone who reads the 
 tables of decreased crime. Without taking any credit for the de- 
 creased cost of county government through the lessening of crime, 
 and assuming that the loss of saloon license reveune is each county's 
 net loss because of prohibition, the following statement shows just 
 how much prohibition would be responsible for increased tax rates 
 of 1915: 
 
 13 
 

 1914 
 
 
 1915 
 
 Total tax rates for county pur- 
 
 
 
 
 poses of eleven counties _ $7-97 
 
 
 $9.31222 
 
 Total increase _ 
 
 
 
 1.34222 
 
 Average increase n counties 
 
 
 
 .122 
 
 Total taxable wealth 
 
 
 $395,396, 
 
 177.14 
 
 Total loss licenses saloons 
 
 
 Hi. 
 
 487.14 
 
 Tax rate necessary to raise 
 
 
 
 
 amount lost through licenses 
 
 
 
 •0357 
 
 Average for eleven counties 
 
 
 
 .0032 
 
 Average increase in tax rates 
 
 
 
 
 due to other causes than prohi- 
 
 
 
 
 bition 
 
 
 
 .1188 
 
 In other words, the above statement shows that the increase 
 in tax rates of the eleven counties of $1.34222 in 191 5 will raise 
 $530,708.65, or $389,221.51 in excess of the loss of saloon 
 License revenue. 
 
 Without any credit to prohibition for decreasing the cost of 
 county government through thirty-seven per cent less crime in 
 six months — or seventy-four per cent at this rate for the year — 
 the proportion that prohibition is charged with for each of the 
 eleven counties is but three and two-tenths mills on each $100 
 of valuation of property for taxation in 191 5. 
 
 But with the saving through decreased crime for the year, 
 the loss of $141,487.14 of liquor license revenue is more than 
 made up, and this, I contend, will be definitely shown by the 
 records when the year 191 5 closes. 
 
 How Politics Affects Tax Rates. 
 
 When we take the credit in savings caused by prohibition 
 — which the officials making up county budgets failed to con- 
 sider at all — we find that the actual charge against prohibition 
 for increased county tax rates is negligible. If we could measure 
 it by the great moral asset that has accrued, every county in the 
 state would be heavily indebted to prohibition. 
 
 One of the causes of the increase in county tax rates this 
 year is due to political manipulations. If you will study county 
 
 14 
 
tax rates for years past you will find that they are high in years 
 when no political campaigns are on for county offices, and low 
 the election years. With nearly $15,000,000 increase in valua- 
 tions in 191 5, county tax rates; went up in every county in the 
 state except Apache, Navajo and Greenlee. In the political year 
 of 19 14 the county tax rates fell in every county in the state 
 except Mohave, Yavapai and Navajo. This shows plainly the 
 hand of the politician; but how does it affect the 1915 tax rate? 
 When tax rates for county purposes are made arbitrarily low for 
 a purpose, the deficit has to be made up the following year, so 
 in 191 5 the counties that resorted to this deception to get votes 
 are compelled to further deceive the people by telling them that 
 prohibition is the cause of the high tax rates of 191 5. 
 
 If you are not satisfied, and wish further proof, just bear 
 this in mind next fall when tax rates are made up over the State, 
 and the officers are going before the people for their votes upon 
 "economy" platforms. 
 
 In the state government the same thing was resorted to. 
 Look at these tax rates: 
 
 
 (No election) 
 
 (Election) 
 
 (No election) 
 
 
 1913 
 
 1914 
 
 . 1915 
 
 rate (state) .... 
 
 .495 
 
 .445 
 
 .54 
 
 An increase of 9^ cents in the state tax rate in 191 5, and 
 nearly $15,000,000.00 increase invaluations. What is the cause? 
 There was a deficit caused by the political rate of 19 14 when 
 the state office holders wanted to get back into office on an 
 economy platform. That deficit you taxpayers are making up 
 this year when there is no campaign on — but watch the falling 
 off next year when the election of state officers is on again. 
 
 Of course in the state rate, prohibition has no part either 
 in increasing or decreasing it, except as prohibition might de- 
 crease or increase the valuations for state taxation. Since there 
 has been an increase of valuations of $15,000,000.00, any loss 
 of revenue from stocks of liquor through taxation by the state 
 is made up twenty times over, we are not concerned with the 
 state except to claim that prohibition has had a substantial part 
 in increasing valuations all over the state as is shown by the in- 
 
 16 
 
crease in building permits of $1,000 value and less, which goes 
 to the poor man and shows that he is putting his money into 
 homes now. 
 
 There is too much politics and not enough business in the 
 administration of the state and many of the counties. Economy 
 is a fiction and the people are deceived each election year by a 
 decreased tax rate being thrown in their faces — but the inevitable 
 deficit which comes from such political juggling of rates brings 
 the people to their senses when they have forgotten politics, and 
 it is then too late. 
 
 An Example of Prohibition's; Reduction of Tax Rates. 
 
 The only two counties in Arizona that were totally "dry" 
 in 191 3 and continued to be were Apache and Graham. The 
 following statement of the tax rates of those two counties is 
 interesting and very significant of the decided ability of prohi- 
 bition to reduce taxation : 
 
 1913 1915 
 
 Valuation Tax Levy Valuation Tax Levy 
 
 subject to county subject to county 
 
 "Dry" taxation purposes taxation purposes 
 
 Apache $6,009,995.96 $1,405 $ 6,381,427.21 $1.26 
 
 Graham 9» I 7 I 759-25 M45 10,627,678.55 1.16 
 
 Apache county's rate dropped from the year 191 3 to the 
 year 191 5, 14^2 cents, while Graham county's rate dropped 
 28^ cents during that period. 
 
 With prohibition in force in all the other counties in the 
 State for three years, based upon the reduction in the cost of 
 public welfare departments of county government for six months 
 of 191 5, the reduction in county rates will be even greater than 
 those two counties cited in the foregoing statement. 
 
 Prohibition and the State Tax Rate. 
 
 The approximate value of liquors in the State last year, 
 prior to the forced sales following the success of the prohibition 
 amendment, was $700,000. The valuation of stocks of mer- 
 
 16 
 
chandise in all the counties of the State fell off $580,420, as 
 shown by the 19 15 tax rolls of the various counties. 
 
 For the purpose of this illustration, we will assume that 
 the loss to the State in valuation for taxation was $700,000, 
 although stocks of liquor were taxed at from fifty to seventy- 
 five per cent of that value. The loss to the State, then, was 
 $3,780 upon the 191 5 tax rate, of 54 cents on the $100. 
 
 The total valuations in the State, however, increased $15,- 
 000,000 over 1 9 14, which returns $81,000. The net gain to 
 the State, allowing the full value of the liquor lost to taxation, 
 was $77,250. 
 
 Gila county, in spite of the loss of liquor stocks from taxa- 
 tion, shows a gain of $310,211 in general merchandise stocks, 
 in which classification liquor is included in each county. The 
 other counties showing gains were Apache, Navajo, Pinal, Santa 
 Cruz and Yuma. 
 
 In the larger counties the decrease in general merchandise 
 stocks is attributed directly to adverse industrial conditions of 
 a general nature extending over the east and west which de- 
 creased the buying of stocks. Had the same industrial conditions 
 prevailed as last year, the larger stores would not have curtailed 
 their stocks. 
 
 University of Arizona Attendance Increases 56%. 
 
 The registration at the University has increased fifty-six 
 per cent over the year 1914. On October 4, 191 5, the total num- 
 ber registered was 342, as against 219 registered on this date 
 - last year. The figure of last year's registration includes twenty- 
 five preparatory students, which department is not now in oper- 
 ation at the University. Including the preparatory students in 
 last year's registration, and excluding any account of them in 
 this year's compilation, shows an increase of fifty-six per cent 
 in 191 5 over 191 4; and if account of preparatory students is 
 taken in the 191 5 registration, the present increase would be 
 over sixty-seven per cent. 
 
 In co-educational schools and colleges the number of girls 
 is usually greater than boys, but in the University of Arizona 
 
 17 
 
the boys predominate to a greater extent than any university in 
 the United States of the co-educational class. 
 
 The great increase of attendance in 191 5 shows a greater 
 increase of boys than girls, showing the direct effect of prohi- 
 bition, not only in the greater attraction due to the elimination 
 of the saloons in Tucson, but in a large measure to the pros- 
 perity which has extended to many who heretofore compelled 
 their boys to go out and seek work instead of education. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 Enrollment in the Common Schools. 
 
 The following interesting comparison shows the enrollment 
 of pupils in the common schools of the State for two years: 
 
 1914 1915 
 
 Apache 894 1 ,007 
 
 Cochise 8,176 8,145 (a) 
 
 Coconino 92 1 990 
 
 Gila 3,195 3,624 
 
 Graham 2,685 2,660 
 
 Greenlee 3,371 2,988 
 
 Maricopa 10,298 10,490 
 
 Mohave 510 614 
 
 Navajo 1.592 1,682 
 
 Pima 3,553 3,833 
 
 Santa Cruz *>343 2,050 
 
 Pinal 1,872 2,050 
 
 Yavapai 2,289 2,440 
 
 Yuma 1,337 1 ,453 
 
 (a) Decrease due to Mexican refugees having returned to Mex- 
 ico with their families. Report shows that Douglas had the 
 greatest decrease where these refugees sojourned. 
 
 The total increase for 191 5 was nearly 2,000. These fig- 
 ures are for the school year ended June 30th. Throughout the 
 State the enrollment upon the opening of schools in September 
 of this year was considerable more than last year, but these fig- 
 ures for the entire State are not obtainable at this time. 
 
 18 
 
BANKS. 
 Nearly $3,000,000 Increase in Bank Deposits. 
 
 That there has been a rapid change for the better in finan- 
 cial conditions in Arizona the first eight months of 191 5 is 
 shown by the statement following. For the purpose of showing 
 the depression existing in 19 14, the statement deals with finan- 
 cial conditions at the close of 19 13, showing the decline during 
 1914 and the rapid recovery during the first six months of 191 5. 
 
 Resources of State Banks 
 
 Close of 1913 Close of 1914 ist6Mos. 1915 
 
 $24,314,275.95 $23,869,291.36 $25,013,665.72 
 
 No. of banks, 43 No. of banks, 48 No. of banks, 46 
 
 That this change has taken place also in national banks in 
 Arizona is shown by the following statement: 
 
 Resources of National Banks 
 
 Close of 1913 Close of 1914 1st 6-Mos. 1915 
 
 $15,332,106.44 $15,174,004.83 $15,767,074.14 
 
 In order to ascertain just how this condition has affected 
 laboring men, the savings deposits of each bank in the State 
 carrying such deposits have been compiled in the aggregate as 
 follows : 
 
 Call of the St°te Auditor for 
 Sept. 12, 1914 Sept. 2, 1915 
 
 Bisbee $ 962,032.01 $1,128,789.80 
 
 Bisbee increase 166,757.79 
 
 $1,128,789.80 $1,128,789.80 
 
 Tucson ™ $ 3i9»93479 $ 3 5 6 > 59 2 7 1 
 
 Tucson increase „ 36,657.92 
 
 $ 356,59271 $ 356,59271 
 
 Douglas - $ 249,014.68 $ 335,060.85 
 
 Douglas increase 86,046.17 
 
 $ 335,060.85 $ 335,060.85 
 
 19 
 
Flagstaff $ 141,707.29 $ 176,698.76 
 
 Flagstaff increase 34,991.47 
 
 $ 176,698.76 $ 176,698.76 
 
 Miami — $ 32,205.98 $ 42,875.41 
 
 Miami increase . 10,669.43 
 
 $ 42,875.41 $ 42,875.41 
 
 Globe $ 2,044.70 $ 19,782.43 
 
 Globe increase x 773773 
 
 $ 19782.43 $ 19782.43 
 
 Morenci $ 2,502.60 $ 19,097.73 
 
 Morenci increase 16,595.13 
 
 $ 19,09773 $ 19,09773 
 
 Phoenix $ 443,235.14 $ 535,614.92 
 
 Phoenix Increase 92,37978 
 
 $ 535,614.92 $ 535,614.92 
 
 •Owing to failure and reorganization, one bank in Phoenix is 
 excluded from above statement. 
 
 Snowflake $ 6,942.87 $ 15,397.72 
 
 Snowflake increase 8,454.85 
 
 $ 15,39772 $ 15,39772 
 
 Tempe $ 2,600.00 $ 2,900.00 
 
 Mesa 11,203.09 11,474.07 
 
 Nogales 1,812.46 2,614.56 
 
 Lowell 2,414.25 2,511.77 
 
 $ 18,029.80 $ 19,500.40 
 
 Prescott $1,023,540.68 $1,007409.00 
 
 Winslow 33,495.00 19,646.94 
 
 Gila Valley 424,855.69 370,327.50 
 
 20 
 
The last three are the only places showing losses of sav- 
 ings deposits. From an examination of the State Auditor's calls, 
 it is apparent that the Prescott banks included in their returns of 
 savings deposits the total deposits, which, of course, does not 
 allow a comparison of savings deposits for that city. As for 
 Winslow, the savings deposits of one bank were entirely postal 
 savings accounts redeposited by the postoffice in that bank. 
 Owing to the limitation of the amount of such deposits they 
 fluctuate much more than bank savings deposits. The Gila Valley 
 includes four banks affected more or less by the low prices of 
 products, alfalfa hay descending in price from $13 in 1914 
 to $5 in 191 5, and other products proportionately. 
 
 The total savings deposits in the banks of the State in Sep- 
 tember for the two years aggregate: 
 
 1914 1915 
 
 $3,659,542. 1 3 $4,046,794. 1 7 
 
 Increase . 387,252.04 
 
 $4,046,794. 1 7 $4,046,794. 1 7 
 
 The statements issued by the State Auditor show only the 
 total deposits in which are included savings accounts. In order 
 to arrive at the above compilation it was necessary to check 
 each bank carrying savings accounts, and this information is 
 authentic as showing the improved conditions throughout the 
 State. 
 
 It must be borne in mind that savings deposits are the bank 
 accounts of labor, and the increase of nearly $400,000 in such 
 deposits is evidence that labor has been greatly benefited by 
 conditions which made saving easier. 
 
 There is another feature that should not be overlooked. 
 The two Expositions on the coast this year drew thousands of 
 dollars from savings accounts, and the month of September 
 upon which the comparison is based, was the close of the vacation 
 season and hence the low ebb of savings deposits. Even with 
 the Expositions enticing savings accounts from banks, the show- 
 ing for 191 5 is quite remarkable. 
 
 21 
 
Nine Months' Comparison Shows Rapid Gain. 
 Resources of State Banks 
 
 Close of 1913 $24,314,275.95 
 
 Close of 1914 _ 23,869,291.36 
 
 First six months 191 5 25,013,665.72 
 
 First eight months 191 5 26,138,018.48 
 
 Resources National Banks 
 
 September 12, 191 4 $ 1 4,894, 29 1 . 1 9 
 
 September 2, 191 5 1 5,540,867.93 
 
 The first eight months of 191 5 show a remarkable increase 
 in bank deposits for both state and national banks in Arizona. 
 In order to show the depression of 19 14, and which extended 
 into 191 5, the following table is interesting. It also shows the 
 increase of deposits which had accrued up to September, 191 5: 
 
 State Banks 
 
 No. Banks Date of Call Deposits & Due Banks 
 
 43 Jan. 13, 1914 $20,985,033.07 
 
 46 June 30, 1914 21,844,782.83 
 
 48 Dec. 31, 1914 19,284,441.69 
 
 46 June 23, 1915 20,736,185.75 
 
 46 Sept. 2, 191 5 22,057,561.29 
 
 National Banks 
 
 13 Jan. 13, 1914 $1 1,923,498.33 
 
 13 June 30, 1914..... 12,549,786.31 
 
 13 Dec. 31, 1914 11,929,200.86 
 
 13 June 23, 1915 12,271,633.23 
 
 13 Sept. 2, 1915 12,115,783.19 
 
 The total increase of deposits for the state and national 
 banks of Arizona from September 12, 1914, to September 2, 
 191 5, is shown in the following statement: 
 
 22 
 
Deposits and Due Banks 
 Sept. 12, 19 14 Sept. 2, 191 5 Increase 
 
 46 State banks $19,899,074.09 $22,057,561.29 $2,158,487.20 
 
 13 Nat'l banks. 11,343,066.03 12,115,783.19 772,717.16 
 
 Total increase -..$2,93 1 ,204.36 
 
 An increase of nearly $3,000,000 in deposits and nearly 
 $400,000 in savings accounts shows the excellent financial con- 
 dition which began in Arizona following prohibition. 
 
 POSTOFFICE RECEIPTS. 
 
 Slight Gain in Postal Receipts. 
 
 Phoenix shows the greatest increase in gross postal receipts 
 for the six months of 191 5 compared with the same period of 
 1914, and Douglas is next. The greatest falling off for the 
 period was in Bisbee. The statement showing the gross postal 
 receipts for the following cities was furnished by the auditor of 
 the post office department through the courtesy of Senator Mark 
 Smith : 
 
 January 1 to January 1 to 
 
 June 30, 1914 June 30, 1915 
 
 Phoenix $ 58,15775 $ 65,003.89 
 
 Tucson 27,044.88 26,048.05 
 
 Bisbee I 9»°79-57 16,927,66 
 
 Douglas 14,710-27 i7>535- 2 4 
 
 • Prescott 10,987.67 10,761.43 
 
 Globe 11,588.42 10,606.79 
 
 $141,568.56 $146,883.06 
 
 The postal receipts fluctuate a great deal, and are affected 
 through different channels. The political campaign of 1914 be- 
 gan early and no doubt helped to swell receipts for that year. 
 Douglas was directly affected by the addition of troops, and 
 some of the cities were no doubt losers through the exceptionally 
 large number of vacationists this year. 
 
 23 
 
The fiscal year ended June 30, 19 15, shows $54,647.17 in 
 receipts at the Tucson postof fice against $50,975.75 for the pre- 
 ceding year. Almost the entire increase was made during July, 
 August and September of 191 5, which indicates a gradual in- 
 crease in business in Tucson. 
 
 COUNTY ROADS. 
 
 Expenditures for County Roads. 
 
 In order to show the bearing that road construction in the 
 State through the road fund of Arizona has upon industrial 
 conditions and the spirit of improvement animating the differ- 
 ent counties, the following figures are presented: 
 
 State Road Fund Expenditures for: 1913-14 1914-15 
 
 Apache $ 3,871.47 $ 23,712.13 
 
 Cochise 95^79-07 65,159.44 
 
 Coconino 15,295.88 22,719.38 
 
 Gila 18,876.79 49,440.96 
 
 Graham 6,079.16 6,453.82 
 
 Greenlee _ 2,602.81 59,691.16 
 
 Maricopa - 83,773.71 59,691.16 
 
 Mohave 14,512.63 13,511.61 
 
 Pima 22,563.75 19,096.87 
 
 Navajo 6,024.37 4,029.49 
 
 Pinal 9,624.56 20,675.02 
 
 Santa Cruz 5,182.82 12,919.86 
 
 Yavapai 46,705.37 30,906.05 
 
 Yuma 7,693.48 57,402. 1 1 
 
 $337,885.87 $445,409.06 
 
 Public Improvement Work Continues. 
 
 There has been no check in public improvement work this 
 year with the exception of Phoenix. During the first six months 
 of 1914 there was $173,355.40 expended for paving and other 
 street improvements in Phoenix against but $9,492.38 the same 
 period of 191 5. Owing to a depression caused by low prices of 
 farm products, and the fact that much of the business center of 
 
 24 
 
the city is now paved, street improvement work was practically 
 at a standstill in Phoenix this year. 
 
 In Tucson there is greater activity in public improvements than 
 any other city in the State. The bitulithic pavement work in 
 Tucson for 19 14 and 191 5 is as follows: 
 
 1914 
 
 Congress St., completed June 24 _ $ 63,554.25 
 
 Stone Ave., completed Sept. 17 40>?i7-33 
 
 Pennington St., completed Dec. 28, 1914 23,243.84 
 
 $127,515.42 
 
 Toole Ave., completed April 5, 191 5 3 2 >930.67 
 
 Meyer St „ . 1 0,000.00 
 
 Sixth Ave. district 1 20,000.00 
 
 Cement culverts 5, 500.00 
 
 $168,430.67 
 
 In addition to this public improvement work, bonds in the 
 aggregate $225,000 have been voted. The money is on hand, 
 and many civic improvements will be started. On the whole, 
 Tucson is doing more public improvement work than any city 
 in the State, or, it may be truthfully said as much as all of them 
 combined. 
 
 County and City Government. 
 
 The charge is frequently made that prohibition has in- 
 creased the tax rates throughout the counties and cities of the 
 State by reason of the loss of liquor license revenue. In order 
 to get at the exact amount, if any, that prohibition has caused 
 increased tax rates, we have taken the credits and charged the 
 debits in the statements of some of the counties and cities where 
 rates were increased and it was necessary to analyze the munic- 
 ipal conditions affecting the public welfare departments. The 
 statements show just what portion of the increase, if any, was 
 due to prohibition. Where there has been no increase, or a slight 
 increase, the origin of which is plain not to have been caused 
 by prohibition, this analysis is not made. 
 
 25 
 
In computing the per capita cost per arrest and allowing 
 the total as a credit to prohibition, we feel that this is a credit 
 which cannot be arrived at in any other way. For example, the 
 health department decreased in cost from $9,493.23 to $7,159.29, 
 and other departments show decreased cost. Throughout the 
 public service there are decreases which are brought about in- 
 directly through the decreased cost of other public welfare de- 
 partments and through the elimination of the saloon. The illus- 
 tration of the health department as given above makes up nearly 
 all of this credit in Coconino County. 
 
 COCONINO COUNTY. 
 
 Prohibition 
 First 6 months of: 1914 1915 Credit Debit 
 
 Tot. cost sheriff's office..? 6,738.29 $ 7,074.41 
 
 Increase for year $ 672.24 
 
 Cost superior court 2,923.29 2,849.77 147.04 
 
 Decrease for the year 
 
 Cost of justice courts 4,408.00 3,978.43 
 
 Decrease for the year 859.14 
 
 Fines violation prohib 935.00 1,870.00 
 
 Decrease justice fines 515.7© 
 
 Com'tm'ts to county jail 62 34 
 
 Drunkenness 3 
 
 Violations prohibition .... 18 
 
 Number of saloons 17 
 
 Per capita cost arrests.... 108.50 
 
 28 less arrests at $108.50 
 
 six months 3,038.00 
 
 Second six months 3,038.00 
 
 $8,942.18 6,287.94 
 Valuations for 
 
 taxation 17,194,3 69.52 
 
 Valuations for 
 
 taxation 17,306,186.97 
 
 Rate county purposes. ... .835 1.11 
 
 Increase due to 
 
 prohibition .00 
 
 The cost of the sheriff's office in the tables used herein is 
 doubled upon the six months' cost, so the receipts from fines are 
 likewise doubled since this expense was augmented the first six 
 months in order to produce such fines. 
 
 In the tables following this same method will be pursued, 
 and the justice of this deduction must be apparent to all. 
 
 As a matter of fact we are taking all the worst of it upon 
 this basis of deduction, for the reason that the months of July, 
 August and September show a rapid decrease in cost of public 
 
 26 
 
welfare departments greater than the last six months of 191 5. 
 
 The additional cost of the sheriff's office is due to the 
 employment of two or three extra officers co stop bootlegging 
 which had sprung up in the county. The blind pigs have been 
 entirely eliminated in Coconino County. 
 
 The percapita cost per arrest in Coconino County was 
 $108.50. There were sixty-two arrests for all offenses in 1914 
 and thirty-four in 191 5 for the six months; three for drunken- 
 ness in 1914 and none in 191 5 ; and eighteen for violations of the 
 prohibition amendment. Two of these violators of the law were 
 saloon men. The number of deputies remain the same, also 
 the number of justice courts. There were seventeen saloons 
 in the county. The health department cost $9,493.23 the first 
 six months of 1914 and $7,159.29 the same period of 191 5. For 
 the six months the total receipts show a loss of $6,493.05, but 
 the expenditures for the same period are less by $8,819.52. The 
 cause of the increased tax rate, then, is for improvements 
 already under way or contemplated, since the net cost of county 
 government, based on six months, is less. Sheriff W. G. Dick- 
 enson is enforcing the prohibition law vigorously and the senti- 
 ment of the people is back of him. 
 
 The boys attending school numbered 479 in 19 14 and 514 
 in 191 5, and the girls 452 against 476. There is an increased 
 attendance at the September opening of schools. 
 
 The logging camps are filled with men and the saw mills 
 running at full blast. All saloon buildings are now occupied by 
 other businesses. 
 
 City of Flagstaff. 
 
 City of Flagstaff: 
 
 Prohibition 
 First six months of: 1914 1915 Credit Debit 
 
 Total cost of police de- 
 partment $2,026.00 $1,359.05 
 
 Decreased cost for year on 
 
 above basis $1,333.90 
 
 Number of saloons 8 
 
 Number of police 3 2 
 
 Total arrests 90 21 
 
 For drunkenness 75 5 
 
 Meals for prisoners $ 186.00 $ 99.05 
 
 Rate per meal .25 .25 
 
 27 
 
License receipts saloons.... 1,600.00 $1,600.00 
 
 Fines 67.00 17.00 
 
 Decrease in fines for year 
 
 on above basis 100.00 
 
 Decreased arrests 69 
 
 Decrease for year on this 
 
 basis 138 
 
 Per capita cost per arrest, 
 
 six months 22.50 
 
 138 less arrests for year 
 
 at $22.50 3,005.00 
 
 Tax rates 005 .01 
 
 Taxable wealth, 1914, $1,750,000.00. 
 Taxable wealth, 1915, $1,827,000.00. 
 Increase due to prohibition, 1915, .00. 
 
 $4,338.90 $1,700.00 
 
 That $3,005 claimed is due prohibition is shown by the state- 
 ment of Billy Bayless, marshal of Flagstaff, who said that as 
 high as seven officers were necessary at times during prior years 
 to police the city. The additional police mentioned by Marshal 
 Bayless would cause this much extra cost. 
 
 Showing the constant decrease in arrests at Flagstaff, the 
 following is interesting: 
 
 1914 1915 
 
 July 36 13 
 
 August 80 13 
 
 Williams. 
 
 This town at one time had fourteen saloons and was noted 
 far and wide ¥or its ribaldry. When prohibition came there 
 were eight left. The arrests for the first six months of 1914 
 totaled eighty-three and for the same period of 191 5 they were 
 fifty. There have been very few arrests for drunkenness, for 
 Williams is now regarded as one of the cities in the State where 
 it is impossible to get liquor, and Marshal Bobbie Burns has his 
 eye on the only suspicious joint in the town. Those who knew 
 Williams in the early days can scarcely recognize it now without 
 its saloons and drunken men lounging about the streets. The 
 lumber mills and logging camps find much greater efficiency, 
 and the sheepmen have commented favorably upon the effect in 
 lessening their trouble with sheepherders to practically nothing. 
 
 28 
 
The following statement shows the effect upon the city gov- 
 ernment : 
 
 Prohibition 
 First six months of: 1914 1915 Debit Credit 
 
 Total arrests 83 50 
 
 Fines paid $ 395.00 $ 299.00 
 
 Cost of police dept 499.55 950.00 
 
 Number police 1 % 
 
 License receipts 2,145.65 1,204.00 
 
 Tax rate .004 .007 
 
 Increase do to prohibition .0012 
 
 Number of saloons 8 
 
 Saloon license $1,600.00 $1,600.00 
 
 Per cost per arrest 6.00 
 
 66 less arrests $ 396.00 
 
 $1,600.00 $ 396.00 
 Taxable wealth, 1914, $1,000,000.00. 
 Taxable wealth, 1915, $1,000,000.00. 
 
 COCHISE COUNTY. 
 
 This is the largest county in the State, having twenty-five per 
 cent more taxable wealth than the second largest county. There were 
 from 120 to 107 saloons in Cochise county. The record for mur- 
 ders was the greatest of any county in the Southwest. The first six 
 months of 19 14 the sheriff wore out an automobile chasing mur- 
 derers; now several county jails are unoccupied and have not been 
 used since prohibition came. The following statement shows the 
 effect of prohibition upon county affairs: 
 
 Prohibition 
 First six months of: 1914 1915 Credit Debit 
 
 Cost sheriff's office $21,135.74 $18,351.35 
 
 Decrease for the year $ 5,568.78 
 
 Cost superior court 21,032.23 17,1^3.15 
 
 Decrease for the year 7,708.16 
 
 Cost justice courts 22,839.25 17,926.24 
 
 Decrease for the year 9,826.02 
 
 Number of arrests 149 122 
 
 For violation prohibition 23 
 
 Per capita cost $ 141.15 
 
 54 less arrests 7,622.10 
 
 Total license receipts 44,440.00 1,677.50 
 
 Loss of saloon licenses $42,762.50 
 
 Number justice courts 19 2 3 
 
 Fees earned 970.60 1,204.60 
 
 Increase for the year 408.00 
 
 Fines and forfeitures 2,762.20 1,149.30 
 
 29 
 
Loss for the year 3,225.80 
 
 $29,636.88 $45,989.30 
 Total debit $ 16,352.42 
 
 $45,989.30 $45,989.30 
 
 Tax rate - 495 - 53 
 
 Increase in tax rate -0 35 
 
 Increase due to prohibition .016 
 
 Taxable wealth, 1914, $ 93,744,872.00. 
 Taxable wealth, 1915, $101,410,685.82. 
 
 Some of the decreased cost of justice courts are as follows: 
 
 Cost of Meals. Total Cost. 
 
 1914 1915 1914 1915 
 
 Bisbee precinct $318.61 $ 64.04 $5,030.12 $3,022.22 
 
 Lowell precinct 368.60 37.76 2,818.85 2,364.56 
 
 Douglas precinct 149.78 161.75 4,182.30 2,735.85 
 
 Tombstone precinct 7.00 1,057.00 565.55 
 
 Benson precinct 26.90 11.40 1,303.05 948.10 
 
 Gleeson precinct 45.00 9.00 1,259.15 864.10 
 
 Wilcox precinct 157.50 17.70 1,266.85 808.70 
 
 Bowie precinct 43.35 42.25 698.65 709.89 
 
 Pirtleville precinct 67.50 121.30 1,395.25 923.88 
 
 Courtland precinct 47.80 843.55 358.20 
 
 St. David precinct 310.00 155.00 
 
 The above are the larger justice precincts of the county. The 
 decrease in cost of prison meals for the six months shows the num- 
 ber of inmates to have been much less for the period. 
 
 The total commitments to the county jail from January i to 
 August 30 for 1914 was 173 and for the same period of 191 5 the 
 total was 148. Of the latter thirty-three were for violation of the 
 prohibition amendment. Sheriff Harry Wheeler is enforcing the law 
 vigorously throughout the county. He has the most difficult place of 
 any sheriff in the State, owing to the great size of the county and 
 its long border line. Although his expense is heavy for ferreting 
 out violations of the amendment, his account for deputies shows 
 $8,560 for 1914 and $6,040 for 191 5. If it were not for the viola- 
 tions of the amendment the sheriff's office would be run at a much 
 less cost. The number of violations are decreasing, due to his 
 vigilance and fearlessness in enforcing the law and the end of the 
 year should show a constant monthly decrease in sheriff's costs. 
 
 In Cochise county owing to the great number of outlying justice 
 precincts, a great many arrests are made! and the parties never get 
 to the county jail, so the total arrests are misleading in this respect, 
 
 30 
 
and should be taken only as the total commitments to the Tombstone 
 jail. 
 
 In Tombstone, where there are over 300 more men working 
 in the mines than were employed the first six months of 1914, the 
 arrests were only seven all told against eighty-five for 19 14. On 
 Labor Day the people danced on the cement walks in the main street 
 of the city and there were no disturbances. No arrests were made 
 for any offense that day, and there was no drunkenness. The 
 August record shows no arrests in Tombstone. The city tax rate 
 remains the same as last year. 
 
 City of Bisbee. 
 
 The following statement shows that there were 417 less 
 arrests in Bisbee the first seven months of 191 5 than for the 
 same period of 19 14. The statement also shows the great dif- 
 ference in the offense of disturbing the peace, under which 
 drunkenness is docketed, a decrease of 374 for the period. 
 
 Disturbing Total 
 
 Vagrancy. Peace. Arrests Total Fines. 
 
 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 
 
 January 3 3 81 12 98 23 $ 640.80 $ 300.00 
 
 February 7 8 62 9 90 29 774.50 235.00 
 
 March 1 76 3 97 11 590.00 367.50 
 
 April 4 60 9 78 11 397.10 80.00 
 
 May 2 1 76 17 91 23 657.30 128.00 
 
 June 1 57 20 62 29 273.50 176.50 
 
 July 2 1 60 28 65 38 243.50 313.00 
 
 20 13 472 98 581 164 $3,576.70 $1,600.00 
 
 While there has been a falling off of 417 arrests in seven 
 months in Bisbee, there has been no reduction in the cost of the 
 police department. The number of police remains the same. 
 No doubt there will be a reduction in cost the last five months 
 of the year. The tax rate for 19 14 was $1.80 and for 191 5 
 $2.20. The total valuations for 19 14 were $5,432,946 and 
 $5,032,260 for 191 5, a loss of about $400,000. This accounts 
 for over seven per cent of the increase in tax rate. With the 
 elimination of thirty saloons with the consequent loss of revenue 
 of $17,254, there is also a loss of $8,800 in valuations, which 
 would require a tax rate of 52 cents. The increased tax rate is 
 
 31 
 
40 cents, of which prohibition is charged with 28 cents and the 
 loss of valuation 12 cents. There was a dropping off of receipts 
 from other sources, the aggregate for the year based on the 
 first six months being $35,781.68. Of this, saloon revenues 
 comprise but $17,254. 
 
 Bisbee had more saloons than any city of its size in the 
 State, and its percentage of crime was very large. The decided 
 change resulting in the decrease of crime since the saloons have 
 been closed will be reflected materially in the ensuing year's 
 budget, since the fiscal year ended on June 30th. There is a 
 remarkable change in the tone of the city, and there is bound 
 to follow a decrease in cost of city government. 
 
 •City of Douglas. 
 
 There were 229 less arrests in Douglas the first six months 
 of 191 5 than for the same period of 1914. Drunkenness, dis- 
 turbing the peace and fighting, and vagrancy are given in the 
 table below, together with the total arrests for all offenses for 
 the period. 
 
 Total arrests. Drunk'ns. Vagrancy.Dist. Peace. Fines. 
 
 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 
 
 January .. 80 43 49 6 15 31 11 1 $ 127.40 $112.00 
 
 February 84 64 57 10 11 10 12 2 152.00 220.00 
 
 March 97 33 59 2 13 7 13 7 129.00 146.00 
 
 4pril 94 29 51 5 11 3 17 235.00 140.00 
 
 May 59 24 35 2 4 17 3 208.50 120.00 
 
 June 44 36 26 2 4 3 2 201.00 115.00 
 
 458 229 277 27 54 55 73 15 $1,052.90 $852.00 
 
 There were 250 less arrests for drunkenness during the 
 period, and a loss of but $200 in fines for all offenses. The 
 cost of meals for prisoners fell from $479.76 for 191 4 to 
 $212.26 in 191 5. The cost of the police department and city 
 court was as follows: 
 
 First six months of: 1914 I 9 I 5 
 
 Salaries of police $5,307.24 $4,222.85 
 
 Expenses of department 33i-o8 208.17 
 
 Meals prisoners 479.76 212.26 
 
 City court 4 50. 00 661.32 
 
 $6,568.08 $5,304.60 
 
 32 
 
A saving of $1,263.48 is shown in the above table in the 
 cost of the police department for six months. In 19 14 there 
 were from eight to sixteen police and special officers, while 
 the record for 191 5 is five to seven. There are about 4,000 
 soldiers stationed at Douglas this year. While a provost-marshal 
 assists the city police, there are a great many arrests of civilians 
 who associate with the rowdy element among the soldiers. 
 
 There should be no increase in the city tax rate in spite 
 of the loss of $13,200 from liquor revenue. There were twelve 
 retail liquor saloons and three wholesalers. The retail saloons 
 paid $1,000 a year and the wholesalers $400. Due to the pres- 
 ence of the soldiers the average number of licensed women was 
 fifty-six for the six months of 191 5 and thirty-two for the same 
 period of 1914. 
 
 The taxable wealth increased over $200,000 in 191 5. The 
 city budget is as follows in the aggregate: 
 
 1914-5 i9!5-6 
 
 Expenditures $ 1 49 , 43 3 . 8 1 $ 1 48, 3 76. 8 1 
 
 Receipts 98,963.60 97,093.81 
 
 Taxation $ 50,470.20 $ 51,283.00 
 
 But $812.80 additional is necessary to carry on the city, 
 and this is more than made up by the increase in valuations. 
 
 The per capita cost of arrests was $14.34 in 1914, and with 
 229 less arrests the saving to the city was $3,283.86 during the 
 six months' period of 191 5, or $6,567.72 for the year at this 
 rate. This is about one-half of the loss from liquor revenue. 
 
 As in Bisbee, all of the places fqrmerly occupied by saloons 
 are occupied by other businesses, and the city is flourishing, with 
 no empty buildings and the construction of new buildings go- 
 ing on. 
 
 GREENLEE COUNTY. 
 
 Greenlee County had forty retail and fifteen wholesale liquor 
 licenses in 19 14, and it and Apache are the only counties that have 
 reduced tax rates for county purposes in 191 5. The rate in 19 14 
 in Greenlee County was 70^ cents and in 191 5 it is 63 cents, 
 
 33 
 
while the taxable wealth has decreased from $30,923,424.95 to 
 $28,065,064.30. 
 
 That prohibition reduced expenses is shown by the following 
 statement of expenditures through the public service departments 
 of the county for the firsts ix months of 1914-15: 
 
 Decrease 
 1914 1915 for Year 
 
 Cost of Sheriff's office $13,383.98 $11,166.72 $ 4,434.52 
 
 Cost of superior court. 9,872.54 7,522.85 4,699.34 
 
 Justice courts ..... _ 6,524.39 6,497.50 53.78 
 
 $9,187.64 
 Saving in decreased arrests and 
 
 crime 3>937-36 
 
 Liquor license receipts _ 13,125.00 $13,125.00 
 
 The county issued $220,525.00 in bonds which caused an in- 
 creased levy for interest and redemption of about 7^ cents. For 
 the first six months of 1914 the expenditures were $329,417.40 and 
 for the same period of 191 5 they aggregated $266,732.24. The re- 
 ceipts were $87,988.62 for the 19 14 period and $70,169.75 for the 
 191 5 period, which shows a net reduction in the cost of county 
 government for six months of $44,866.29. 
 
 The total fines collected in 1914 w r ere $3,456.90 and in 191 5 
 they amounted to $891.30. 
 
 The sheriff's deputies were reduced from nine in 19 14 to six 
 in 191 5, due to prohibition. Billiard licenses increased from thirty- 
 four in 1914 to fifty in 1:915. Greenlee county has an excellent 
 record for decreased cost under prohibition. 
 
 Greenlee has the distinction of being the only "wet" county 
 that reduced its tax rate for county purposes following the elimina- 
 tion of saloons. With a loss of over $13,000 in revenue from saloon 
 licenses, the tax rate was reduced 7^2 cents, which shows the absurd- 
 ity of the claims made by some counties that prohibition caused in- 
 creased taxation. With two-thirds less arrests for all offenses in six 
 months following prohibition, Greenlee County makes the best show- 
 ing of any county in the State according to the following: 
 
 34 
 

 i9*5 
 
 
 i59 
 
 
 47 
 
 
 21 
 
 
 $930.00 
 
 $1 
 
 [7,772.40 
 
 $1 
 
 [3,125.00 
 
 First Six Months of: 1914 
 
 Total arrests 473 
 
 Total for drunkenness „ 348 
 
 Arrests for violation of prohibition 
 
 Fines for same :. 
 
 Per capita cost arrests $28.30 
 
 314 less arrests, saving for the year 
 
 Loss of liquor revenue 
 
 GRAHAM COUNTY. 
 
 This county was one of the dry counties in 19 14, hence there 
 is no value in comparisons showing the effect of prohibition upon 
 the cost of county government. It is significant, however, that its 
 tax rate advanced over 2.7 cents in 191 5 along with other counties 
 in the state, indicating that the general increase in tax rates comes 
 from other causes than loss of revenue from saloons. The taxab'e 
 wealth of the county increased from $10,418,813 in 191 4 to 
 $10,627,678.55 in 1915. 
 
 The number of civil cases filed during the six months' period 
 was twenty-one for 19 14 and 127 for 191 5, and the criminal cases 
 fifteen for 1914 and five for 191 5. 
 
 GILA COUNTY. 
 
 This county was second in the state in the number of saloons. 
 There were sixty-six retailers and seven wholesalers in 19 14. There 
 was a decrease of sixty-five per cent in crime during the first six 
 months of prohibition, as shown by commitments to the county 
 jail. 
 
 Coroner's inquests fell from twenty to nine in six months of 
 1 9 14 and 191 5, showing that killings and accidents had made a won- 
 derful decrease. Commitments to the State industrial school de- 
 creased from six to one. 
 
 Commitments to the county jail of United States prisoners show 
 a decrease from forty-six for the first six months of 1914 to seven- 
 teen for the same period of 191 5. 
 
 36 
 
For the first six months of 191 5 there were eleven violations of 
 the prohibition amendment, and during September there were twelve 
 convictions in the superior court, the most of the offenders now 
 serving jail sentences. The total fines paid by offenders was $976. 
 
 Under liquor conditions Gila county had more murders than 
 any county in the State except Cochise. The unusual record of 
 Pinal County of seventeen murders and attempts to kill the first six 
 months of 19 14, of course, is a record that stands unchallenged by 
 any county in the state for such a brief period ; but there have been 
 terms of court in Gila County when a dozen murder cases came 
 on for trial. The most of the murders came directly or indirectly 
 through liquor conditions in the county. 
 
 While there has been no decrease in the number of sheriff's 
 deputies, there has been a decrease in the total cost of public welfare 
 departments such as superior court, sheriff and justices of the peace. 
 The cost of the superior court has increased due to additional civil 
 litigation, civil cases docketei for the six months of 19 14 being 121 
 and for the 191 5 period they totaled 151. As in most of the counties 
 •of the State, the county budget did not allow for any saving through 
 these departments due to prohibition, but that savings have accrued 
 is shown in the 65 per cent decrease in crime in the county in six 
 months. Of the crime prevented by prohibition there might have 
 been one or two murder cases that would have cost $9,000 — the 
 saving based upon per capita cost of arrests. No one knows what 
 the saving has actually been, and the per capita cost basis furnishes 
 the best illustration in this county as well as all others in the state. 
 
 The increase in the tax rate for county purposes was $0,103, 
 and the portion due to prohibition was .0169, with the year's credit 
 of fines upon the six months' basis, and the increased cost of the 
 superior court caused by civil litigation. Eight cents and six mills 
 was due to other sources than prohibition. When the year is fin- 
 ished there is no doubt but that the charge for the increased tax 
 rate will be materially reduced. 
 
 Sheriff Frank Haynes is making a determined effort to enforce 
 the prohibition law, and the first six months has shown excellent 
 results, which will be reflected in decreased crime of all offenses for 
 rthe following six months of the year. Gila and Cochise are the most 
 difficult counties in the State to handle by officers of the law owing 
 to the large number of saloons in 191 4 and the great amount of 
 
 36 
 
liquor that still remained after prohibition took effect. Gradually 
 this condition is being improved, and the comparison of the last six 
 months of 1914 and 191 5 will surely reveal the results of the deter- 
 mination of officials in those counties to enforce the law. 
 
 Due to unusual activity in the mines and smelters, Miami has 
 increased wonderfully in population during the past twelve months, 
 hence the decrease in crime is of all the more importance as a credit 
 to prohibition. A larger number of men are also employed at Globe 
 and other surrounding camps than during the six months of 19 14, 
 yet crime has decreased 65 per cent. 
 
 The general appearance of both Globe and Miami have im- 
 proved, and Winkleman, which was always expensive to the public 
 welfare departments of county government, is now a peaceful, law- 
 abiding camp. Prohibition has served best in those places where 
 crime was greatest under saloon conditions, and this is shown in 
 almost every county in the State. Sonora town, Ray and Winkle- 
 man are shining examples of the benefit that has come to outlying 
 camps in the State. 
 
 Places in Globe and Miami formerly occupied by saloons are 
 about all filled with other businesses, and there is a general improve- 
 ment that is very noticeable. 
 
 Gila County had the greatest increase in stocks of merchandise 
 in 191 5 of any county in the state, which shows that an unusual era 
 of prosperity has set in there. 
 
 There was an increase in the total taxable wealth of Gila County 
 of about $6,000,000 in 191 5. 
 
 The mining companies report an increase in efficiency of labor, 
 and they are well pleased with the results of prohibition in this re- 
 spect. This efficiency, of course, directly effects trade conditions 
 in the county for the better. 
 
 Prohibition. 
 1914 1915 Debit. Credit. 
 
 Cost sheriff's office $14,103.65 $13,400.00 
 
 Decrease for the year $ 1,407.20 
 
 Cost superior court 10,294.00 11,410.00 
 
 Increase for the year $ 2,232.00 
 
 Cost of justice courts 7,628.00 6,630.00 
 
 Decrease for the year 1,996.00 
 
 No. violations prohibition.... 11 
 
 Fines for same 976.00 
 
 Total fir the year 1,952.00 
 
 37 
 
Commitments jail 138 90 
 
 Decrease six months 48 
 
 Per capita cost arrests 102.20 
 
 Saving for the year 9,811.20 
 
 Loss of liquor revenue 20,100.00 
 
 No. of sheriff's deputies 6 6 
 
 $22,332.00 $15,166.40 
 Increase due to prohibition.. 7,165.60 
 
 $22,332.00 $22,332.00 
 
 Tax rate .50 .603 
 
 Increase .103 
 
 Increase due to prohibition.. .0169 
 
 Due to other sources .0861 
 
 Taxable wealth, 1914, $36,276,461.25. 
 Taxable wealth, 1915, $42,251,511.64. 
 
 In the city of Globe there was a remarkable decrease in crime, 
 
 shown by the following statement from the records of the police 
 department : 
 
 1914 1915 
 
 Total arreses _ 612 214 
 
 Arrests for drunkenness. 165 18 
 
 Number of saloons 18 o 
 
 Number of police and guards „ 5 3 
 
 A decrease of 398 arrests for all offenses, and 147 less arrests 
 for drunkenness, shows plainly the evil of the eighteen saloons of 
 1914. The per capita cost of arrests in 1914 was $17.00 in Globe, 
 and with 398 less arrests there should be a considerable saving to 
 the city at the close of the year. Dropping two police shows a saving 
 of $2,400, caused directly by prohibition decreasing crime in the 
 city. This decrease in crime fully makes up the loss of liquor 
 revenue viewed from all the benefit that has come to the city. 
 
 The tax rate of Globe for 19 14 was .014, with $4,966,129 
 valuation. This year the valuation was decreased slightly to 
 $4,706,047.73, but the tax rate had not been fixed the first week of 
 October as the board of equalization was still in session. Unless 
 there are extraordinary improvements contemplated the rate should 
 not be much higher than last year. 
 
 38 
 
 
MARICOPA COUNTY. 
 
 Maricopa is the only interior county in the State where arrests 
 have not been less the first six months of 19 15. A plethora of burg- 
 laries, grand larcenies and twenty-four arrests for violating the pro- 
 hibition amendment, ran the arrests beyond the 1914 record. The 
 following table shows the arrests by months: 
 
 1914 1915 
 
 January 1 4 20 
 
 February ...„ _ _ 21 26 
 
 March _ 25 56 
 
 April 22 1 5 
 
 May 3 1 36 
 
 June , 8 1 5 
 
 July - 23 15 
 
 August 23 17 
 
 167 201 
 
 In 191 5 there were twenty-two arrests for grand larceny and 
 one for this offense in 19 14; thirty-one for burglary and one in 
 191 4; nine for robbery and none in 19 14, and twenty-four for selling 
 liquor. On the other hand there were forty-nine arrests for misde- 
 meanors in 1914 and but two for this offense in 191 5. Unusual 
 industrial conditions throughout the country brought an influx of 
 indigents to the Salt River Valley which is shown in the expenditures 
 for outside relief of $8,174.20 for the first six months of 191 5 and 
 $5,589.73 for the same period of 19 14. The price of alfalfa dropped 
 from the high point in 1914 of $13 to $5 in 191 5 and all other 
 farm products decreased. Cattle feeding instead of baling the hay 
 was resorted to, throwing many laborers out of employment. The 
 conditions in 191 5 were unusual, and with the extraordinary visita- 
 tion of the army of unemployed from east and west, the public wel- 
 fare department of the county could hardly be expected to show a 
 different record for crime and indigent expense. 
 
 The general improvement in conditions which was apparent 
 throughout the State beginning in March, 191 5, did not set in in the 
 Salt River Valley until a month or two later, but since there; has 
 been a steady advance which is reflected in business conditions all 
 
 39 
 
over the valley. Phoenix had grown rapidly and had a greater 
 building record for several years than any city in the Southwest. 
 When the depression came, building ceased and many laborers were 
 thrown out of employment, public improvement work was almost 
 completely stopped, and labor felt the blow keenly. The hobo ele- 
 ment invaded the valley and burglaries and larcenies kept the 
 sheriff's office busy. 
 
 But in the face of the unusual conditions the total cost of the 
 sheriff's office was $20,444.75 f° r the Slx months of 191 5 and 
 $20,423.42 for the same period of 1914, with $2,223 m fines for 
 twenty-four violations of the prohibition amendment. Although a 
 second judge of the superior court was added, the total cost of the 
 superior courts of the county was reduced from $27,956.43 the 
 first six months of 1914 to $21,091.44 for the same period of 1915. 
 There were 292 civil cases filed for the 19 14 period and 385 for the 
 191 5 period; and eighty-five criminal cases for 1914 with 124 for 
 the 191 5 period. With several additional justice courts the in- 
 creased expense for the period was $1,597. 
 
 There was an increase in the tax rate for county purposes of 
 6y 2 cents. The following statement shows the expense of the 
 public welfare departments of the county government, together with 
 the effect of prohibition upon county affairs in the face of the 
 adverse conditions which existed: 
 
 Prohibition. 
 
 First six months of: 1914 1915 Credit. Debit. 
 
 Cost of sheriff $20,423.42 $20,444.75 
 
 Number of deputies 9 9 
 
 Violations prohibition 24 
 
 Fines for violations $ 2,223.00 
 
 Total for the year $ 4,446.00 
 
 Cost superior courts 27,956.43 21,091.44 
 
 Decrease for the year 13,729.98 
 
 Number of judges 1 2 
 
 Total civil cases docketed.... 292 385 
 
 Total criminal cases docket 85 124 
 
 Total juvenile cases docket 41 49 
 
 Cost justice courts 8,772.70 10,369.70 
 
 Number justice courts 7 10 
 
 Average cost 1,253.24 10,369.70 
 
 Three additional courts 3,110.91 
 
 Liquor license revenue 9,375.00 $ 9,375.00 
 
 Number of saloons 27 
 
 Wholesale 4 
 
 Fines and forfeitures 1,620.55 596.10 
 
 40 
 
Loss for the year 2,048.90 
 
 Clerk superior court fees ... . 6,550.00 5,923.60 
 
 Decrease for the year 1,252.80 
 
 Sheriff's fees 2,164.98 2,681.23 
 
 Increase for the year 1,032.50 
 
 Board U. S. prisoners 2,011.85 10,865.95 
 
 Fees justice courts 741.55 1,099.05 
 
 Increase for the year 715.00 
 
 No. boys attending school.... 6,982 7,046 
 
 $19,923.48 $12,676.70 
 Taxable wealth, 1914, $76,163,686.79. 
 Taxable wealth, 1915, $73,362,414.88. 
 
 County tax rate .515 .58 
 
 Increase due to prohibition. 0. 
 
 Over $7,000 less expense for the public service departments of 
 the county government since prohibition shows that prohibition is 
 entitled to a place in the credit column in that county, and that the 
 increase of 6y 2 cents in the county rate would have been greater had 
 prohibition not stepped in to decrease the cost of the public welfare 
 departments. One murder case of the prior year cost almost what 
 the county lost this year in saloon revenues. The end of this year 
 will show a much greater decrease in crime which is indicated by 
 the last months presented in this report. 
 
 Phoenix Makes Remarkable Showing: 
 
 Over $5,000,000 increase in taxable wealth, decrease in tax 
 rate, and about $20,000 less in cost of city government for six 
 months is the record of Phoenix for the first half of 191 5 as- 
 compared with the first half of last year. 
 
 The record of arrests for drunkenness for the first six 
 months of 19 14 perhaps surpasses any city of its size in the 
 United States, and shows how much that city needed the sweep* 
 ing change caused by prohibition. Here are the figures: 
 
 First six months of: 1914 191 5 
 
 Drunkenness arrests 1,210 85 
 
 The per capita cost of arrests of 1914 was $6.53. With 
 1,125 less arrests for the six months of 191 5 for this offense, 
 there was a decreased cost of $7,346.25 to the city. This saving 
 is now reflected throughout the public welfare departments of 
 the city. 
 
 41 
 
Estimating the loss of labor to the community, the amount 
 it cost in dollars and cents for each man to get drunk, the con- 
 sequent charge upon public and private charities, the loss to 
 merchants — placing the average at $10, and the aggregate cost 
 was $11,250. 
 
 The receipts for licenses for the six months was $10,702.21, 
 about half the saving shown in the cost of city government for 
 the six months, and not enough to make up the total cost to the 
 community of $11,250. 
 
 An average of nearly seven arrests a day for six months 
 because of drunkenness for the capitol city of Arizona! And 
 prohibition the first six months reduces this to an arrest every 
 two and one-sixth days. 
 
 Fifty-seven per cent of the city arrests were for drunken- 
 ness in the city of Phoenix during the first half of 19 14, while 
 for the same period of 191 5 a little less than nine per cent of 
 the total were for this offense. 
 
 Where twenty-three policemen and guards were necessary, 
 but seventeen were employed during the 191 5 period. Felonies 
 for which arrests were made by the city police fell from seventy- 
 two to sixty. 
 
 There were 1,094 less arrests for all offenses in Phoenix 
 during, this period of 191 5 than the same period of the preceding 
 year. This is a decrease of nearly fifty per cent. Such a record 
 following the abrupt change, with liquor still plentiful in the 
 city in private stocks and homes, points clearly to the success 
 of prohibition. 
 
 The city magistrate's dockets show 1,665 criminal cases 
 docketed for the first six months of 19 14 and but 475 for the 
 same period of 191 5, a decrease of over seventy per cent. How 
 much less in cost and misery does this represent ? Who can say 
 that this saving alone does not more than compensate for the 
 liquor revenue now "lost" to the city? 
 
 Phoenix presents such a striking example of the benefits 
 of prohibition, that it is useless to go farther into municipal 
 affairs. However, owing to the direct effect upon municipal 
 expense of the liquor traffic which has been misrepresented and 
 misunderstood, we have not contented ourselves with giving 
 the direct benefits of prohibition through the cost of courts 
 
 42 
 
and police, but have branched out to show the general benefits 
 which have accrued. 
 
 The following statement is for the first six months of 19 14 
 and the same period for 191 5, and shows a healthful condition 
 existing now in Phoenix city government: 
 
 First six months of: 1914 191 5 
 
 Expenses operation and maintenance...$ 13 1,349.47 $126,254.29 
 
 Outlays from revenue 51,001.72 37>933-64 
 
 Outlays from funds created by debt 
 
 liability 32,429.82 5,113.80 
 
 Tot'l receipts from revenue, all sources 285,941.72 185,609.17 
 
 Total receipts from liquor licenses 10,941.72 None 
 
 Total receipts from bond issues 154,568.69 None 
 
 Tax rate for period covered .88 1.00 
 
 Total assessed valuation, 1914, $24,301,326; base 90%. 
 
 Total assessed valuation, 191 5, $29,367,774; base, actual value. 
 
 The tax rate for the last six months of 191 5 was cut to 85 
 cents, based, of course, upon reductions in the cost of local gov- 
 ernment for the first six months of 191 5. Owing to the fiscal 
 year beginning on July 1st and ending on June 30th, Phoenix 
 has two tax rates within the year. 
 
 The above statement shows that receipts from all sources 
 excluding bond issues were over $54,000 more for the 191 5 
 period than the 19 14, notwithstanding the loss of over $10,000 
 of liquor revenue. It also shows that the actual cost of city 
 government was reduced from $182,351.19 to $164,288.08 dur- 
 ing this period, a saving of over $18,000. 
 
 We have noted an increase of $5,000,000 in taxable wealth 
 for the 6 months. It will be seen that the above statement shows 
 that the 19 14 assessment was about ten per cent below actual 
 value, while the 191 5 assessment was based on actual value, 
 therefore the actual increase in valuations was $2,636,313 for 
 the six months — a showing that does not uphold in the slightest 
 the contention that Phoenix has not progressed. On the con- 
 trary, it shows a remarkable growth in the face of unusual in- 
 dustrial conditions which vitally affected the markets for almost 
 every commodity produced in the Salt River Valley. 
 
 43 
 
MOHAVE COUNTY. 
 
 This county also administers the town of Kingman and the 
 mining camps of the county. Public improvements in Kingman are 
 responsible for an increase of 5^2 cents in the county tax rate. A 
 handsome new court house, the finest in the State, also contributed 
 towards the increased cost of county government, together with the 
 loss of $314,779.37 in taxable wealth due to a readjustment of valu- 
 ations, which cost the county about $3,000 in revenue. 
 
 There were sixty-seven less arrests in Mohave county the first 
 six months of 191 5 compared with the same period of the preceding 
 year. There were twelve saloons and two wholesale houses in the 
 county. The per capita cost per arrest was $83.47 and with sixty- 
 seven less arrests the credit amounts to $5,592.49, more than the 
 loss of revenue from liquor. It is not necessary, therefore to 
 analyze this county to get at the proportion that prohibition is 
 charged with in the increase of 5^2 cents in the county tax rate 
 for it is evident that the loss of liquor revenue is completely made 
 up. Sheriff J. C. Lane is patroling the northern border of the 
 county to prevent the introduction of liquor, which requires the 
 services of one and two deputies. There has been no decrease, there- 
 fore, in the number of deputies, the number remaining at five for 
 last year and this. Notwithstanding the extra expense, the sheriffs 
 office for the six months' period cost but $302.20 more than the 
 last year's first six months. The superior court cost $4,337.75 in 
 1914 and $3,852.50 in 191 5 for the first six months. There were 
 five justice courts in 19 14 and eight in 191 5, and owing to the fact 
 that fees were allowed in 1914 and salaries paid in 191 5, there is 
 considerable difference in the cost of justice courts. Meals for 
 prisoners was $1,028.65 in 1914 and $875.10 in 191 5. 
 
 There have been six violations of the prohibition law, and $225 
 paid in fines. The total fines have increased for the six months' 
 period, and the total receipts from all sources increased from 
 $23,662.06 to $25,626.77 for the six months' period, the total dis- 
 bursements falling off from $137,737.91 to $120,666.57. At this 
 rate there does not seem to be any reason for an increased tax rate 
 except for contemplated public improvements. 
 
 The boys attending school in 1914 numbered 255 and in 191 5 
 326, and the girls 255 against 288, showing the uniform increase in 
 boys throughout the state. 
 
 44 
 
All of the buildings formerly occupied by saloons are in use 
 for other purposes, and the improvement in the general appearance 
 of Kingman is very noticeable. 
 
 At Oatman the miners are putting their earnings into the stock 
 of a mine in which they are employed. 
 
 PIMA COUNTY. 
 
 Because the tax rate was 20 cents higher this year in Pima 
 County, prohibition was charged with the entire amount, by some 
 who knew better and others who did not take the time to reason 
 it out. 
 
 An increase of 20 cents in the rate brings $52,015.50 in revenue, 
 and the loss of liquor licenses was $11,500 — according to the county 
 budget — a difference of $40,515. The 191 5-16 budget shows $5,000 
 as estimated receipts from lodging and feeding government prison- 
 ers, and the 19 14- 15 budget shows the same amount, so there has 
 been no loss from that source. There was a refund of $4,300 to 
 saloon men for unexpired licenses, but that cannot be considered for 
 it was received in 19 14 and used for county purposes of that year, 
 reducing to that extent the cost of 19 14 county government. If it 
 was not spent at all, which should be the case, then there was also 
 no loss. At any rate it cannot be charged against 191 5-16, hence it 
 does not belong in the analysis. The budget of 1914-15 counted on 
 that amount, and it belongs to that year altogether. 
 
 The tax rate necessary to raise the $11,500 claimed in the 
 budget to be the loss of saloon revenue, was 4.4 cents. So 15.6 cents 
 of the increased tax rate for the county was for other "losses" to 
 the taxpayers. Just what some of these items are will be given 
 in detail in this report. 
 
 But what we are particularly interested in is this alleged loss 
 of $11,500 of saloon licenses. Can it be possible that prohibition, 
 with the tables I have presented showing decrease in county crime, 
 have no power in Pima County to reduce the cost of the public wel- 
 fare departments during the entire year of 191 5? Is it not barely 
 possible that the budget-makers did not take into consideration the 
 whole year? For the purpose of illustration, I will accept the loss 
 as $11,500, take the credits prohibition is entitled to and the result 
 appears as follows: 
 
 45 
 
Debit Credit 
 
 Prohibition Prohibition 
 
 Loss of saloon revenue- _ $11,500.00 
 
 Fines for violation prohibition amendment... $2,175.00 
 Decreased cost of justice courts for the 
 
 year _ 246. 00 
 
 Increase of justice fines for the year 614.42 
 
 Fifty-five less arrests for six months at 
 
 $35.90, for the year at this rate 3,949.00 
 
 One less deputy in sheriff's office, 9 months 1,125.00 
 
 $11,500.00 $8,109.42 
 
 This leaves but $3,390.58 as the charge against prohibition, or 
 a tax rates of 1.3 cents. With a special effort to suppress boot- 
 legging, who knows but that this amount will be wiped out in fines 
 before the year ends, leaving no charge against prohibition ? 
 
 The Moore-Fenter criminal case cost the county $3,728.60, and 
 the sheriff's office had extraordinary expenses for several months 
 of 191 5, but the latter months do not show any such expense. If the 
 budget was made up on the basis of the first few months' expense 
 as regards the sheriff's office, there will be a saving before the year 
 ends that will make the budget estimate for sheriff's expense un- 
 warranted. 
 
 So prohibition, from the mere standpoint of cost will be neg- 
 ligible before the year ends. And who can count the benefits? Who 
 knows what fifty-five less arrests in six months means in decreased 
 crime and misery? One criminal case might have been prevented 
 that would have cost thousands of dollars to taxpayers. 
 
 We are particularly interested in the Pima County budget since 
 the statement was published when the clerk of the board of super- 
 visors gave out the tax rate for this year that the increase in the 
 county rate was caused by prohibition. 
 
 Let us see, by analyzing the county budget, upon which an 
 increase of 19J/2 cents was made, just how prohibition enters into the 
 equation. We will take the budget of 19 14, upon which the rate for 
 that year was made, and the budget of 191 5, upon which the in- 
 crease oi igy 2 cents in the rate was brought about, and analyze the 
 relation of the items of increase to the loss of revenue from saloons 
 
 46 
 
and account for such items as are properly chargeable to prohibition. 
 If you have the county budget published in the Arizona Star July 
 28, 191 5, you will find the estimated cost of county government 
 itemized, and the following statement takes only those items where 
 increases occur in order that the reader may decide for himself 
 whether the increase was caused by prohibition or not: 
 
 Increase 
 
 Expressage, freight and postage $ 100.00 
 
 Printing, books and stationery 300.00 
 
 County fair fund 5,000.00 
 
 Janitor and night watchman 1 80.00 
 
 Telephones 300.00 
 
 Insurance _ _ _ _ 425.00 
 
 Indigent sick in hospital 2,500.00 
 
 Physician for outside sick 300.00 
 
 Provisions for indigents „ 2, 100.00 
 
 Transportation for indigents 200.00 
 
 Sheriff's expense _ 5,000.00 
 
 Assistant County Attorney 1 ,200.00 
 
 Expense in criminal cases _ 2,750.00 
 
 Expense in civil cases 250.00 
 
 Fees and mileage jurors _ _ 1,500.00 
 
 Tucson justice's clerk 1 ,080.00 
 
 Roads _ 10,000.00 
 
 Total increases _ $33, 1 85.00 
 
 What items above can be charged to prohibition? Were there 
 any more express charges? Were more books required? Is the 
 county fair the result of prohibition with its $5,000 expense to 
 taxpayers? With seventy-six less arrests for the first seven months 
 of 191 5 than the same period of the preceding year, is prohibition 
 responsible for the increase of the wages of the night watchman and 
 janitor? With but ten arrests for violation of the prohibition 
 amendment during the first seven months it is in operation, all of 
 them made within a mile of the sheriff's office, is the $300 increase 
 in telephones to be charged against prohibition ? What has prohibi- 
 tion to do with the increase of insurance? The indigent sick in the 
 
 47 
 
hospital, $2,500 increase — did anyone go to the hospital because he 
 did not get liquor? To be sure there were many ' 'outside sick," 
 and many inside sick, but how can prohibition be charged with this 
 $300 increase? And provisions and transportation for indigents — 
 turn to the table of indigents and vagrants in this report and observe 
 the army that swarmed through Tucson during the winter months 
 of 191 5. The police records indicate the vagrants, the down-and- 
 outs; the county provision list reveals those worthy of assistance. 
 If prohibition caused this extraordinary expense, why did the ex- 
 pense cease when this army of unemployed passed on their journey 
 east to west? We have prohibition today, yet all this extraordinary 
 expense of the firsti three or four months of 191 5 has ceased and 
 normal condition again prevail. 
 
 We now get down to the sheriff's expense, the courts and 
 county attorney — the public welfare department of county govern- 
 ment. The first item is $5,000 increase for the sheriff's office. Let 
 us go into this item carefully. The sheriff's office cost $10,845.39 
 for the first six months of 1914 and $13,251.22 for the same period 
 of 191 5, an increase of $2,405.83. If this expense should keep up at 
 this rate the increase in the estimate for 191 5 is justifiable. But the 
 question that concerns us is: How much of this additional expense 
 comes from prohibition ? Only ten arrests have been made, all within 
 a stone's throw of the county courthouse, and $2,175 in fines have 
 been paid by these offenders. The total of these arrests did 
 not cost anything extra, and the only expense is the boarding of two 
 offenders which would amount to $200 if they had served out their 
 terms. There were a couple of special detectives employed secretly. 
 Their total expense was less than $500. 
 
 The increase for courts was $4,500 in the above table of in- 
 creases. The total cost of the superior court was $7,035.60 the first 
 six months of 1914 and $8,746.86 for the same period of 191 5, an 
 increase of $1,711.26. Certainly the Moore-Fenter case was un- 
 usual, and cost a great deal of money, the total cost of this case 
 being $3,728.60. Of this total the superior court and district at- 
 torney's assistant cost $3,162.60 for the grand jury investigation 
 and trial of this case. The superior court alone is charged with 
 $1,962 for this case. Subtract this amount from the $8,746.86 cost 
 of the superior court for the first six months of 191 5 and we find 
 
 48 
 
the cost to have been $6,784.26, or $251.34 less than the tirst six 
 months of the preceding ye«». 
 
 So, with these facts before you, was it prohibition or the 
 unusual Moore-Fenter case that is responsible for the increase cost 
 of courts? 
 
 Regarding the item for a clerk for the Tucson justice, this 
 accrued before prohibition. There were twenty-eight less criminal 
 cases docketed in that particular court during the first six months of 
 19 1 5 than the prior six months, and every case for violation of pro- 
 hibition arising in that court and disposed of has its cost many times 
 offset by fines. Would there have been twenty-eight less criminal 
 cases docketed in the justice court of Tucson precinct if we did not 
 have prohibition during that period? All of the tables of arrests 
 presented in this report answer this most emphatically in the neg- 
 ative. 
 
 Let us charge prohibition with $1,000 of the increase cost of the 
 sheriff's office and courts. Now let us see where this charge is 
 offset. In 19 14 it cost $35.90 for each arrest made by the sheriff's 
 office — this, of course, being the pro rata cost. The records of prior 
 years show an unfailing per capita increase in arrests each year 
 until prohibition came January 1, 191 5. Then the converse came 
 in the tables. For the six months of 191 5 there were fifty-five 
 less arrests than for the same period of 19 14. It is reasonable to 
 conclude that the yearly increase per capita of population would have 
 gone on uninterrupted had not prohibition interferred. Then there 
 would have been at least fifty-five to add to the number of arrests 
 for the six months' 191 5 period. This additional fifty-five, at the 
 191 4 cost per arrest, would have meant an added expense to the 
 county of $1,974.50 for the six months' period or $3,949.00 for 
 the year. 
 
 Prohibition, therefore, in the final analysis, taking even the 
 lowest cost of arrests, cost the county $1,000 (without taking credit 
 for fines paid) and saved $1,974.50 for the six months. 
 
 It is apparent that prohibition has decreased rather than in- 
 creased the cost of Pima County government so far as expenditures 
 are concerned. 
 
 Now let us look into the estimated receipts in the budget. Here 
 we find: 
 
 49 
 
1914 1915 
 
 License collections $ 1 2,000.00 $500.00 
 
 The loss, then, for 191 5 is to be $11,500.00 because of the 
 closing of the saloons in Pima County. From this amount we take 
 $1,974.50 and we have a net charge against prohibition of $9,525.00. 
 
 But upon analysis of the county budget we find another loss to 
 the taxpayers that more than makes up the charge against prohibi- 
 tion. 
 
 There was $14,220.00 of receipts left out of the county budget, 
 or $4,679.00 in excess of the loss charged to prohibition. Leaving 
 out these receipts caused an increase in the tax rate of 5^ cents. 
 Budgets are supposed to be made up on the actual receipts of the 
 year up to six months and then one-half added. If this method had 
 been followed the taxpayers would have gained over $14,000 and 
 the loss charged to prohibition made up completely with over $4,000 
 to spare. 
 
 The table given below shows the estimate of receipts as given 
 in the county budget, and which vitally affected the amount of the 
 tax rate. It also shows those receipts omitted entirely from the 
 budget, also the actual receipts for the six months of 191 5 upon 
 which the estimates in the budget should have been based, and the 
 receipts for the year upon that basis. This is a vital point, for 
 whatever amount the receipts from outside sources are arbitrarily 
 lessened, the greater corresponding taxes will be. Any student of 
 municipal government knows this to be true. The table following 
 shows where the omissions occur: 
 
 Estimate in Actual Probable 
 
 County Receipts Receipts 
 
 Department Budget ist6Mos. for Year 
 
 Recorder fees $ 6,500.00 $3,252.60 $ 6,500.00 
 
 Bank interest 1,500.00 2,247.73 4,000.00 
 
 Licenses 500.00 360.00 720.00 
 
 Meals, U. S _ 5,000.00 2,336.25 5,000.00 
 
 Clerk court 6,000.00 2,558.22 5,500.00 
 
 Forest Res. R 1,000.00 1,000.00 
 
 Back tax interest 500.00 1,462.07 2,000.00 
 
 Fines and forfeitures 1,000.00 2,483.92 3,000.00 
 
 60 
 
Assessor's school tax 5,000.00 
 
 Assessor's personal property None 
 
 Assessor's road tax None 
 
 Treasurer's school tax None 
 
 Sheriff's civil fees None 
 
 2,882.50 
 
 5,000.00 
 
 4,288.70 
 
 5,500.00 
 
 372.00 
 
 500.00 
 
 235.00 
 
 500.00 
 
 1,319-62 
 
 2,000.00 
 
 $27,000.00 $41,220.00 
 
 Estimates omitted from budget... 14,220.00 
 
 $41,220.00 $41,220.00 
 
 Enforcement of the Prohibition Amendment. 
 
 There have not been the number of prosecutions for viola- 
 tion of the prohibition amendment that the people generally 
 expected would follow. Whether this is due to a disposition 
 on the part of the people to abide by the law, or whether viola- 
 tions are secretly practiced and the officers are unable to appre- 
 hend the offenders, remains an open question. It is a fact that 
 an intoxicated person appearing in public is now immediately 
 picked up and taken to the police station, while hundreds of 
 drunken men escaped arrest under old conditions. Either they 
 were ordered to go home, or they remained in the saloons anc* 
 were undisturbed, and only those who were "down and out" or 
 otherwise offensive, were arrested. So the police records of the 
 prior year would show larger total monthly arrests if the vigil- 
 ance of today had been exercised by officers. 
 
 The total number of arrests by the sheriff of Pima county 
 was 356 for the first seven months of 19 14 and 280 for the 
 same period of 19 15. None of those for the 191 5 period were 
 for drunkenness. There were a large number of arrests for 
 cattle rustling the first few months of 19 15, and about fortv 
 arrests were made during the county fair of suspects who were 
 subsequently released by the sheriff. The first few months of 
 this year the sheriff had four deputies, but the force has been 
 reduced to three. Illustrating the constant decrease of crime, the 
 following table is interesting. The statement shows a steady 
 decrease of arrests with the exception of the March arrests, over 
 half of which were misdemeanors having no connection with 
 the sale of liquor: 
 
 51 
 
Arrests Made by the Pima County Sheriff. 
 
 1914 1915 
 
 January 57 36 
 
 February „ 59 36 
 
 March _.. 44 80 (a) 
 
 April 40 (b) 34 
 
 May 55 36 
 
 June 47 25 (c) 
 
 July 54 33 
 
 356 280 
 
 (a) County fair caused influx of pickpockets and petty 
 thieves. 
 
 (b) Three of this number arrested for insanity. 
 
 (c) Two of this number arrested for insanity. 
 
 There has been an increase in the cost of meals furnished 
 prisoners in the county jail due to the price per meal having been 
 raised from 15 cents to 20 cents. The six months of 19 14 cost 
 $2,290.67, while the same period of this year cost $3,008.05. 
 
 The following table shows the effect upon justice courts in 
 Pima County, the data given below having been taken from the 
 records of Justice O. C. Comstock's court in Tucson. The jus- 
 tices outside of Tucson do practically no court work. 
 
 Fines Civil Fees 
 
 1914 1915 1914 1915 
 
 $572.20 $518.40 $369-65 $567.36 
 
 No. Criminal Cases No. Civil Cases 
 
 1914 1915 1914 1915 
 
 287 259 42 45 
 
 The total cost of justice courts in Pima County fell off 
 during the first six months of 191 5, the cost for this period 
 being $2,853.50, and $2,976.60 for the same period of the pre- 
 ceding year. A number of justices and constables were added 
 to the payroll in Pima County, too, during the first six months 
 of 1915. 
 
 52 
 
The total receipts from fines and forfeitures for the period 
 amounted to $884.15 for 19 14, and $1,241.36 for 191 5, showing 
 again that the loss from fines which was supposed to follow 
 prohibition has not materialized. 
 
 The cost of the juvenile court was several hundred dollars 
 less for the period. 
 
 The total number of divorce cases filed in the superior court 
 of Pima County was twenty-six during the six months' period 
 of 19 14 and twenty during the same period for 191 5. There 
 were 107 civil cases filed in the superior court for all causes in 
 1914 and but eighty-two in 191 5 for the period mentioned. 
 
 Household Furniture and Autos Increase. 
 
 Almost half of the loss of valuation for taxation of liquor 
 stocks is made up by household furniture this year. The increase 
 amounts to $23,515, and the loss of stocks of liquors was 
 $50,000. This comparison is significant not only in its rela- 
 tion to prohibition, but it shows that money put into furniture 
 alone will in another year make up the total loss of liquor 
 taxation. 
 
 There have been more automobiles purchased in Pima 
 County the first six months of this year than for any similar 
 period of months in the history of the county. 
 
 The increase in furniture for household purposes, and auto- 
 mobiles in Pima County aggregates $44,955, a trifle less than 
 the loss of liquor valuations for taxation. 
 
 Valuations of Real Estate. 
 
 Because of the installation of the Somer's system of assess- 
 ing real estate in Pima County in 1914, the valuations arrived 
 at that year were left standing as the valuations for this year, 
 with changes here and there in individual cases. Next year a 
 revaluation of all real estate in the county will be made, and 
 comparison can then be made with the last valuation. That there 
 will be a great increase no one can doubt who has kept track of 
 improvements made. 
 
 The increased valuations alone will, provide enough to make 
 up the so-called loss of revenue from liquor licenses. 
 
 53 
 
More Boys Attending School. 
 
 There were 204 more boys attending school in Pima County 
 this year than last and 175 more girls. The census of school 
 children shows that all children of school age are attending 
 either the public or private schools in the county. 
 
 Four school districts began in July of this year to prepare 
 for the erection of handsome school buildings, and improve- 
 ments are contemplated by other districts. The attendance of a 
 number of district schools near Tucson is expected to double 
 this fall owing to an influx of settlers attracted by conditions 
 here, among which prohibition occupies an important place in 
 their favorable consideration of this locality. 
 
 Three additional districts have been created since last year, 
 and the school attendance throughout the county will be greater 
 this year than ever before. 
 
 Luxuries Increase Rapidly. 
 
 For every forty residents of Pima Coimtv there was one 
 automobile on June 1st, 191 5, while the same date of the pre- 
 ceding year there was one automobile for every fifty-two. In 
 other words there were 129 more automobiles in Pima County 
 on June 1st of this year than in 19 14 at the same date. At the 
 rate sales are being made during the last six months of this year 
 there will be almost double the number of automobiles in Pima 
 County than there were last year. 
 
 This means not only more pleasure for those who enjoy 
 autos, but it means that industry is receiving an impetus from a 
 new source which is of substantial benefit to the community. The 
 total number of mechanics employed is increasing as autos in- 
 crease, the aggregate payrolls become larger, supply houses in- 
 crease their sales and employ more help, and altogether the com- 
 munity is benefited in many ways. 
 
 Owing to a uniform reduction in the price of cars, the 
 Pima County assessor reduced the average value from $610 to 
 $500, so the total valuations for taxation was only $251,780 in 
 191 5 against $230,300 in 1914. Had the 1914 average of $6ic 
 been used in 191 5 the total valuation would have been $309,270. 
 
 54 
 
Tucson City Government Cost Decreases. 
 
 The second statement presented herewith shows how the 
 cost of Tucson city government has decreased in six months. 
 The relation of prohibition to this decreased cost appears in the 
 public welfare branches of city government. Receipts have in- 
 creased during the six months to such an extent that all but 
 $13,000 of the $28,350 loss of revenue from saloon licenses is 
 made up. There has been a saving of more than $6,000 from 
 decreased drunkenness alone, which leaves but $7,000 of this 
 loss of revenue from licenses to account for. This amount will 
 be absorbed before the year's end in increased efficiency of 
 labor, improved health and sanitary conditions because of better 
 living conditions among the laborers, better moral conditions, 
 and an improved tone reflected throughout the life of the city. 
 
 If we had received the liquor licenses this year and saloons 
 were run as before, we would not have had the improved condi- 
 tions that began immediately after the first of the year. Con- 
 sequently we would have had the revenue from licenses together 
 with all the yearly increase in cost throughout the public wel- 
 fare departments of the city. 
 
 The following statement shows that $14,683.42 has been 
 saved in the cost of Tucson government during the first six 
 months of prohibition. This means about $30,000 for the year, 
 >r more than the receipts of last year from liquor licenses. So 
 the city tax rate is not effected by prohibition except to the 
 credit of prohibition in helping to bring about better conditions. 
 First let us give an example of this. In the table below we 
 deduct the extraordinary expenses for the six months' period 
 as though they had not occurred, add one-half for the balance 
 of the year, take the estimated receipts for the entire year, and 
 we get a concrete example of how the cost of the city govern- 
 ment has been reduced despite the loss of $28,350.00 from whole- 
 sale and retail liquor licenses. The statements follow: 
 
 1914. 
 
 Net cost of city $205,196.34 
 
 Estimated receipts, including $28,350.00 
 
 in liquor licenses 138,864.03 
 
 Raise by taxation 66,332.31 
 
 Tax rate -442 
 
 55 
 
1915. 
 
 Net cost of city $175,829.50 
 
 Estimated receipts, less $28,350 from 
 
 saloons 106,000.00 
 
 Raise by taxation 69,829.50 
 
 Tax rate _ .465 
 
 The difference in the tax rate is 2.3c notwithstanding the 
 loss of revenue from liquor licenses. Upon the normal increase 
 of 10 per cent in the cost of the city the 191 5 tax rate would 
 be expected to reach an additional 4.46c, so this completely ab- 
 sorbs the difference of 2.3c. Upon this analysis, rather than a 
 loss there was a gain to the city. 
 
 Saving of Over $14,000 in Six Months 
 
 The following statement illustrates the decreased cost of 
 city government, which means a saving of $30,000 for the year: 
 
 Expenditures 
 
 1914 1915 
 
 January $ 17,406.22 $ 17,899.51 
 
 February 21,813.98 25,301.11 
 
 March 19,094.23 19,021.83 
 
 April 15,61 1. 31 18,336.91 
 
 May 16,659.10 22,263.14 
 
 June 3377340 39,220.25 
 
 $124,358.24 $142,042.75 
 
 Extraordinary expenditures for first six months: 
 
 1914 1915 
 
 Epidemic of smallpox $ 2,142.75 $ 1,900.00 
 
 Old Pueblo Band 225.00 
 
 Excess sewer pipe 2,688.02 
 
 Armory building 4,500.00 
 
 Carnegie library furnace, etc 450.00 
 
 56 
 
J. R. Dunseath, land damage 485.85 
 
 Water for schools. _ 535.10 
 
 Water for sewers 1,158.30 
 
 Interest water improvement bonds 
 
 6 months, 1914-15. 8,250.00 
 
 New boiler and smokestack 2,500.00 
 
 Repairs De Laval pump 1,250.00 
 
 Ornamental lighting system 9>575-°5 4,300.00 
 
 Four concrete culverts 5,200.00 
 
 River control 2,000.00 
 
 Flood damage, etc 6,500.00 
 
 Improvements at Plant No. 1 1,650.00 
 
 Extension Scott St. pipe line 2,250.00 
 
 Expenses incident to flood 3,700.00 
 
 N. Side grading, Toole Av. paving 8,228.00 
 
 Real estate purchase 6,400.00 
 
 $ 21,760.07 $ 54,128.00 
 
 Total expenditures $124,358.24 $142,042.75 
 
 Extraordinary expenses 21,760.07 54,128.00 
 
 $102,598.17 $ 87,914.75 
 
 Net difference in cost of city for 
 
 six months (cr) 14,683.42 
 
 $102,598.17 $102,598.17 
 
 The above table, showing a decrease in the actual cost of 
 Tucson city government of $14,683.42, for the first six months 
 of 191 5, means that the saving for the year will be nearly 
 $30,000. To go further it means that the normal increase of 
 ten per cent, amounting to $10,235.91, will be saved and $30,000 
 additional. 
 
 A Profitable Departure. 
 
 That prohibition, even with the first six months as an in- 
 dex, has proven profitable to Tucson, there can be no doubt. 
 The falling off in crime, the almost complete absence of fight- 
 ing which so often resulted in felonies, larger receipts through 
 
 57 
 
improved conditions, all shows that the law of compensation has 
 not ceased to exist in spite of what some people who still favor 
 saloons may say. Fines that came from arrests for fighting are 
 twice made up by fines for violations of traffic regulations and 
 ordinances, and there are other illustrations throughout the 
 county and city government which bear out this contention. 
 
 There were 255 less arrests for drunkenness in the city of 
 Tucson the first six months of 191 5. The 1914 cost per arrest 
 was $12.50, which means a saving of $3,187.50 from drunken- 
 ness alone, or $6,375 f° r the y e ar. 
 
 July shows a decrease and August shows four arrests for 
 drunkenness. August, 1914, shows eighty-one arrests for this 
 offense. Take these months of 19 14 and you will find that 
 the illustration of savings from drunkenness is low to what it 
 will actually be when the year ends. 
 
 There is a constant monthly falling off of all of the ele- 
 ments which combine to make local government expensive. 
 
 There were thirty-one arrests for fighting in August, 19 14, 
 and none for the corresponding month of 191 5. 
 
 Readjustment of Business. 
 
 With twenty-eight saloons removed from the trading life of 
 Tucson, there came a readjustment of business to some extent, 
 since many traders dealt directly with or depended upon the 
 saloons for benefits, and others were injured by the existence 
 of the saloons in the community. 
 
 The city license list shows that there were eighty- seven mer- 
 chants in Tucson the first six months of 19 14. On July 1st 
 of this year we find there are 10 1 merchants. The number of 
 Chinese stores has dropped from seventy-two to sixty-three, 
 which is significant, since the Chinese stores depend largely upon 
 the wage earner of the unskilled class who live in the vicinity 
 of the store and are known to the merchant. He trusts them from 
 week to week and makes up his losses by charging more for his 
 goods. The laborer now finds that he has the larger field of 
 the uptown stores open to him since his savings have increased, 
 arid many of them are now running monthly accounts with the 
 large stores. So the Chinese store was, in many instances in the 
 
 58 
 
city, closely allied with the saloon traffic and has suffered with 
 the close of the saloons. 
 
 The highest number of licenses issued to peddlers during the 
 first six months of 19 14 was fifty, while but twenty-two was 
 the high point for the same period of 191 5. This is also a signif- 
 icant indication of better conditions among the poorer residents 
 of the city. Peddlers flourish where hand-to-mouth conditions 
 exist, but when laborers are saving their money the housewives 
 look to the bargains in the uptown stores. 
 
 Hotels and rooming houses have increased from thirty-one 
 to thirty-three, drugstores from six to seven, milk licenses from 
 eight to nine, cleaning and pressing from nine to eleven and 
 fruit stands from five to six. Two more bakeries are necessary 
 to furnish the bread required. 
 
 The number of licenses for the sale of soft drinks has 
 doubled. There are sixteen of these places where there were but 
 eight last year. It is noticeable that the soft drinks are not so 
 much in demand as they were immediately following the closing 
 of the saloons, which indicates that the treating habit is grad- 
 ually dying out or that people are find the wholesome water of 
 the city refreshing enough. 
 
 Barber shops have increased from nineteen to twenty-five. 
 
 Amusements and Pleasures Affected. 
 
 The first half of 19 14 there were fifty-eight pool tables in 
 Tucson and the same period of 191 5 there are seventy-five. The 
 pool rooms are well patronized and all of them are openly con- 
 ducted and orderly. Hundreds of young men who formerly 
 lounged about saloons now find wholesome enjoyment in pool 
 and billiard games. 
 
 There are eleven theaters in Tucson, four of them having 
 been built this year. The total seating capacity of the theaters 
 is 5,050, while the total seating capacity of those of the preceding 
 year was 3,050. The license list shows four licenses for 1914 
 and seven for 1015. The attendance is very large even during 
 the summer months. The increase in attendance was very notice- 
 able following the closing of the saloons. 
 
 59 
 
Savings Go Into Homes. 
 
 A casual survey of the outlying residential sections of Tuc- 
 son reveals what the official record of building permits confirms, 
 that there are more homes being built than ever before. In order 
 to show how the man of small means is now investing him money 
 in a home, the table below shows not only the total number of 
 building permits for the month, but shows the number where the 
 structure cost $1,000 or less. This comparison with the prior 
 two years is convincing proof that the wage earners are building 
 or improving homes: 
 
 Year 1914 Year 191 5 
 
 $1000 or less Permits $1000 or less Permits 
 
 Total Tot.No.of Total Tot.No.of 
 
 Number $1,000 Number $1,000 
 
 Permits or Less Permits or Less 
 
 January 12 5 33 22 
 
 February 11 5 25 20 
 
 March 15 3 35 27 
 
 April 17 ,7 27 20 
 
 May 13 5 23 17 
 
 June 21 7 46 32 
 
 July 16 7 15 7 
 
 105 39 2 °4 145 
 
 In order that the illustration may be carried further, the 
 following statement for the year 191 3, when there were thirty- 
 one saloons in Tucson, the limit allowed under the city ordinance, 
 is given. The year 191 3 was generally regarded as a more 
 prosperous year than 19 14, but just how prosperous it really was, 
 compared with the first seven months of 191 5, the following 
 table is informative: 
 
 Year 19 13 
 Tot. No. Permits Tot.No.$iooo or Less 
 
 January 9 3 
 
 February 9 2 
 
 March 16 1 1 
 
 60 
 
April 25 16 
 
 May „ 1 5 9 
 
 June 12 6 
 
 July 1 o 5 
 
 96 52 
 
 Crime Decreasing Rapidly. 
 
 The rapid decrease of crime began immediately upon the 
 advent of prohibition in Arizona, in spite of most adverse in- 
 dustrial conditions. The State was filled with vagrants, many 
 of them worthy men seeking work, and every county and city 
 was called upon to feed and help along this army. Private or- 
 ganizations have done more charitable work since the first of 
 the year than ever before in the history of the State, and ninety 
 per cent of those applying for this assistance came from other 
 state. The local charitable work became very light, and in most 
 places in the State fell off entirely, just as soon as the procession 
 of unemployed travelers passed on or obtained work in Arizona. 
 In order to give some idea of the number of vagrants, the 
 police records of Tucson afford an example of what almost every 
 city in the State experienced the first few months of 191 5. Those 
 who fell into the hands of the police were, for the most part, of 
 the class that is commonly known as the American tramp, but 
 many were laborers who could not find employment. The fol- 
 lowing comparison will show the number of vagrants in the Tuc- 
 son police station for the first seven months of this year com- 
 pared with the same period of 19 14: 
 
 Year 
 Month 19 14 19 1 5 
 
 January 73 160 
 
 February 22 52 
 
 March 2 53 
 
 April 12 41 
 
 May 3 1 6 
 
 June o 15 
 
 July 4 1 1 
 
 116 348 
 
 61 
 
The above indicates to some extent the burden which many 
 Arizona cities had to bear the first half of this year in charitable 
 work among the wanderers from the east who stopped off here 
 and there in the State, all of them destitute and to be fed and 
 clothed as they could get assistance along the way. This army of 
 unemployed naturally increased crime, for many were either 
 hardened offenders or were driven by sheer desperation to steal- 
 ing. So the crime statistics which are presented below in this 
 report are directly affected by this unusual movement of idle 
 men through the State, and in considering the comparisons given, 
 this element should not be lost sight of. Even though the 
 vagrancy list was the largest it has been for years, crime has 
 decreased at an enormous rate during the first seven months 
 of prohibition. The following statement shows this conclusively, 
 the record of the Tucson police department being used to illus- 
 trate it: 
 
 Month. 
 January, 
 February 
 March 
 April 
 May 
 June 
 July 
 
 total arrests.. 
 
 1914 
 
 •138 
 .102 
 
 • 97 
 .110 
 .112 
 
 -H3 
 .104 
 
 1915 
 206 (a) 
 
 75 
 88 
 
 143 (b) 
 93 
 56 
 79 
 
 806 740 
 
 Excess for vagrancy over 19 14 232 
 
 508 
 
 (a) A general roundup of tramps was made by 
 the police in January, 191 5, resulting in 160 arrests 
 for this offense. 
 
 (b) The large total for April, 191 5, was due to 
 fifty-one arrests made for violations of the traffic 
 ordinance. 
 
 With the exception of January and April the 191 5 arrests 
 
 62 
 
each month have fallen off in Tucson, and this is true of the 
 cities generally throughout the State. 
 
 The records showing the arrests for drunkenness in Tucson 
 for the seven months of this year as compared with the same 
 period of the prior year are satisfactory except as they bear 
 upon the enforcement of the prohibition amendment. The 
 Tucson records are used in the following statement: 
 
 Year 
 
 Month. 1914 191 5 
 
 January 33 18 
 
 February _ 29 19 
 
 March 60 14 
 
 April 64 23 
 
 tf*y - 85 13 
 
 June 74 3 
 
 July 60 1 3 
 
 405 103 
 
 During 19 14 there were a large number of arrests for 
 fighting and disturbing the peace, which offenses were directly 
 attributable to liquor but docketed under other headings. These 
 offenses have fallen off to none for month after month. 
 
 Tucson has a restricted district known as the Alley, for 
 fallen women. A monthly fee of $5 is collected by the city 
 from the women living there. Examination of the number of 
 receipts for this payment issued for the seven months of 1914 
 and the seven months of 191 5 from January 1st to July 31st, 
 shows that there was a monthly average of forty-one women 
 in the Alley for that period of 19 14 and an average of thirty 
 for the same period of 191 5. These figures are given in further 
 confirmation of the direct alliance of the traffic of liquor and 
 the traffic of human bodies. 
 
 PINAL COUNTY 
 
 The total arrests in Pinal County for which persons served 
 time in the county jail at Florence numbered 171, of which 33 were 
 
 63 
 
made by the city marshal of Florence. Of this total 48 were county 
 arrests for drunkenness and 21 city arrests for the same offense. 
 Seventeen of the arrests were for murder or attempt to kill. Com- 
 pared with the same period for 191 5 we find no murders nor at- 
 tempts to kill, and 1 14 less arrests in the county, including the county 
 seat, Florence. The following table affords an interesting com- 
 parison: 
 
 Disturbing Peace. Vagrancy. Drunk'n's. Assault. Murder. 
 
 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 1914 1915 
 City of Florence 3 1 9 321 5 1 
 
 Pinal County .... 30 6 6 48 6 17 
 
 33 7 9 9 69 11 1 17 
 
 There were two arrests for violation of the prohibition amend- 
 ment, one of the accused parties receiving a suspended sentence 
 and the other now awaiting the action of the grand jury. As in all 
 counties the total arrests actually made do not appear as the jail 
 records simply show those actually committed by the justices of the 
 peace or the superior court. 
 
 Although every county in the State shows decreasing number 
 of murders, Pinal County's record compared with the 1914 period 
 is perhaps the best. The loss in earning power of seventeen men 
 ati $3 per day by the week is $18,564. The cost of prosecution, 
 placing the cost of each at $500, amounts to $7,500. So when we 
 apply our method of giving prohibition the benefit of the decreased 
 cost per arrest it can be readily seen thai; the sum arrived at upon 
 this basis hardly represents the actual credit which is due prohibi- 
 tion. The per capita cost of arrests in Pinal County was $61.30 the 
 first six months of 19 14. With eighty-six less arrests the saving 
 was $5,271.80 the first six months of 191 5. The following table 
 gives the amount that prohibition is charged with in the increased 
 tax rate: 
 
 
 
 
 Prohibition 
 
 First six months of: 
 
 1914 
 
 1915 
 
 Credit. Del 
 
 Cost of sheriff's office 
 
 $8,460.08 
 
 $6,846.64 
 
 
 Decrease for the year 
 
 
 
 $3,226.88 
 
 Cost superior court 
 
 4,851.60 
 
 4,572.03 
 
 
 Decrease for year 
 
 
 
 559.14 
 
 Miscellaneous: 
 
 
 
 
 County jail 
 
 192.60 
 
 110.00 
 
 
 
 64 
 
 
 
Casa Grande jail 100.00 4.30 
 
 Sonora Town jail 705.91 212.87 
 
 Ray jail 900.98 147.51 
 
 Decrease for year 2,849.96 
 
 Cost of justice courts 4,299.78 3,275.27 
 
 Decrease for year 2,049.02 
 
 Cost of constables 1,800.13 1,733.00 
 
 Number of saloons 25 
 
 Including Florence 6 
 
 Tot'l receipts, licenses saloons 7,500.00 $7,500.00 
 
 Refund unexpired licenses 2,116.27 
 
 Per capita cost arrests 61.30 
 
 86 less arrests at $61.30 5,271.80 
 
 County tax rate .615 .74722 
 
 Increase for 1915 .13222 
 
 Increase due to prohibition... .00000 
 
 Due to other sources .13222 
 
 Due to road bonds .05195 
 
 Taxable wealth, 1914, $24,255,612.94. 
 Taxable wealth, 1915, $25,231,432.99. 
 
 Pinal county issued $150,000 of road bonds last year but failed 
 to levy for interest and the portion of redemption funds necessary, 
 so the levy this year is for two years. The taxable wealth of the 
 county increased v$975, 820.95 in 191 5, returning to the county 
 $7,242.73, almost making up the loss from liquor revenue. It is 
 evident that the public welfare departments did not cause the in- 
 crease in tax rates in Pinal County this year, but, on the other hand, 
 show a falling off in cost which would warrant a decrease, taken in 
 connection with the increased taxable wealth. 
 
 All places formerly occupied by saloons are rented in Florence 
 and elsewhere in the county, and the general appearance of the 
 county seat and the mining camps is greatly improved. The ef- 
 ficiency of labor in the Ray, Superior and other camps is very 
 marked, since a great number of Mexicans are employed who for- 
 mer! v lost a great deal of time due to drink. Accidents have de- 
 creased, families are better provided with food and clothing, and 
 altogether there is a vast benefit apparent on all sides. 
 
 SANTA CRUZ COUNTY 
 
 Santa Cruz, a border county, with Nogales as the chief center 
 of population, naturally does not afford an opportunity for favor- 
 able comparison of conditions under prohibition. While the sheriff 
 
 65 
 
may exert his best efforts to prevent traffic in liquor, the task is n 
 heavy one owing to the city's location on the international border 
 line, with the settlement on each side of the border divided by bur 
 a street's width. With saloons running wide open on the Mexico 
 side of the street and people going and coming as usual there is not 
 only the chance for smuggling liquor but there is nothing to pre- 
 vent anyone from crossing the border and filling up on booze. The 
 records of arrests do not represent the condition applied solely to 
 Nogales and Santa Cruz County, but rather shows the old condi- 
 tions even though the saloons in Nogales are closed. 
 
 The total arrests for drunkenness through the sheriff's office 
 the first six months of 191 4 was twenty-eight and for the same 
 period of 191 5 the total was twenty-five. In the city of Nogales 
 there were seventy arrests for drunkenness by city officers for 191 5.. 
 There were fifty-one arrests by the sheriff for violations of the pro- 
 hibition amendment which shows that he is making an effort to 
 suppress the liquor traffic. Prior to January I, 1915, there were 
 ten saloons and one wholesale house in Santa Cruz County. Th^ 
 total arrests for 1914 was ninetv-four and for 1Q15, 161. 
 
 The total number of criminal cases docketed in the superior 
 court was nine for the first six months of 1914 and sixty-two for 
 the same period of 191 5. 
 
 The total cost of the sheriff's office for six months naturallv 
 increased from $2,716.50 in 1914 to $3,075.55 in 1Q15. 
 
 Although the revenue from seven saloons and one wholesale 
 liquor house was lost, the Nogales tax rate was reduced from 
 $0.008551 in 1914 to $0.0083 m T 9 I 5- The number of police and 
 guards was four for both periods. 
 
 There was an increase of $584,179.91 in valuations in the 
 county in 191 5, yet the tax rate for county purposes increased 22 T / 
 cents. Of this increased tax rate the portion caused by the loss of 
 revenue from liquor licenses is shown below: 
 
 1914 TQ15 
 
 Taxable wealth $6,374,524.07 $6,958,603.08 
 
 Tax rate 1. 1 5 1.3 75 
 
 Increase in tax rate .225 
 
 Increase due to loss of liquor 
 
 revenue .00474 
 
 Due to other sources .22026 
 
 66 
 
YAVAPAI COUNTY 
 
 After a strenuous fight to stop the sale of liquor, Sheriff Joe 
 Young has the situation well in hand in Yavapai County, and it is 
 now one of the cleanest counties in the State. There were sixty 
 liquor licenses issued in Yavapai County in 19 14, and the wets 
 did not submit kindly to the innovation which put these saloons out 
 of business forever. The people of the county had their eyes opened 
 to the moral benefit of prohibition at the Frontier Day celebration 
 this summer when 10,000 people visited the exercises and sports 
 and not a drunken man was to be found among them. The sheriff's 
 office and city police had no trouble whatever, and the condition 
 was so marked that even former adherents of open saloons became 
 convinced of the benefit which had come to the people generally. 
 The statement was made by Under Sheriff Marks that $10,000 will 
 be saved this year in the sheriff's office, and those figures are pretty 
 well borne out by the first six months, which was as follows for 
 the two years: 
 
 First Six Months of 
 
 1914 1915 
 
 Sheriff's salary $ 1,833.33 $ i^33- 2 5 
 
 • Deputies, guards 5,658.87 3,293.00 
 
 Expense, supplies 2,998.85 3,119.82 
 
 Prison board 2,431.07 1,482.87 
 
 Miscellaneous _ 467.50 39-58 
 
 $13,389.62 $ 9,768.52 
 
 There were 143 arrests in 19 14 and 83 in 191 5 for the six 
 months. The per capita cost was $93.63, and with 60 less arrests 
 for 191 5 the saving was $5,617.80. There were 24 arrests for 
 violation of the prohibition amendment, which returned $2,165 m 
 fines and cost about $1,200 in the expense of sheriff's office, courts 
 and justices. There were 20 coroner's inquests for the 19 14 period 
 and 13 for 191 5. There were 16 divorce cases filed in 19 14 and 
 13 in 191 5. The inmates at the poor farm entered for the 1914 
 period numbered 87 while for the 191 5 period but 51. The number 
 of boys attending school was 1,200 in 19 14 and 1,274 in 191 5, and 
 
 67 
 
the girls increased from 1,089 to M66. There are four new schooi 
 districts this year. 
 
 Yavapai County has a bond issue of $250,000 for a new court 
 house. This year there was a levy for $20,500 for bonds, requiring 
 a rate of 4^ cents. The county rate in 1914 was 55J/2 and in 
 1915 it was 61 cents, an increase of 5J/2 cents, of which the bond 
 levy was* 4J/2 cents, leaving 1 cent as the levy for other purposes. 
 The loss of liquor revenue of $17,900 would require a tax rate of 
 3.8 cents, so 2.8 cents of this loss is admittedly made up through 
 savings in the public welfare and other departments. Owing to 
 the fact that fees were paid justices and constables in 1914 and 
 salaries in 19 15 the cost of justice courts has increased. There are 
 five additional justice courts in the county in 1915. The usual 
 comparison is of no value in this county as to justice court and 
 constable costs. The cost of justice courts and constables doubled 
 in 19 1 5 due to the change from fees to salaries and the additional 
 courts cost $1,576.78 for six months. The fact that there were 
 thirty-four arrests for drunkenness by county officers in 19 14 and 
 only six in 191 5 shows that the additional cost was not due to pro- 
 hibition. In fact, the most of the justice courts have had no cases 
 of this kind; and the violations of the prohibition amendment re- 
 turned nearly $1,000 in excess of the cost of prosecutions. 
 
 The fact must be deduced from the foregoing that prohibition 
 with its increment of $93.63 for each of the sixty less arrests for 
 the first six months of 191 5 caused an additional saving of $5,517.80 
 for that period and $10,255.60 for the year at that rate. 
 
 City of Prescott 
 
 Prescott had more saloons in proportion to population than 
 any city in the State, hence its recovery is slower. There are 
 a number of former saloons still vacant. The city has a good, 
 wholesome appearance, and the beneficial effects of prohibition 
 are admitted even by many former saloon adherens. Th-;- 
 arrests for the six months were as follows: 
 
 1914 1915 
 
 Drunkenness 26 1 5 
 
 Vagrancy 16 7 
 
 68 
 
Misdemeanor . 48 22 
 
 90 44 
 
 For three months there were no inmates of the city jail, 
 and if the condition improves as it has been going there will 
 be no use for a city bastile in Prescott. The average monthly 
 licensed women for the period was 26 in 1914 and 22 in 191 5. 
 
 The total cost of the city government for the two years 
 as given in the city budget is as follows: 
 
 1914-5 1915-6 
 
 Actual expenditures $ 83,691.89 S 82,229.71* 
 
 Receipts other than gen- 
 eral taxation 56,998.67 44,791.00 
 
 Taxation to raise $ 26,693.22 $ 37,438.71 
 
 Valuations $3,897,050.00 $4,400,000.00 
 
 Tax rate .75 1.00 
 
 Taxes by rates $ 29,227.87 $ 44,000.00 
 
 * Estimated. 
 
 It seems that $6,561.29 in excess of the amount estimated 
 by the budget is being raised for 191 5-6 at the $1 tax rate. 
 The tax rate, it would seem, should be 85 cents for 191 5-16. 
 The base of valuations was raised from 75 per cent to 100 per 
 cent. If the increase was uniform and the same amount of 
 property was subject to taxation in 191 5-16, there should have 
 been $4,871,312 in valuations, but there appears to be a loss 
 of $471,312 in shifting the base of valuations. This repre^ 
 sents a loss of $4,713.12 in revenue from taxation. 
 
 The per capita cost of arrests was $48.78 in 1914-5, and 
 with forty-six less arrests the saving is $2,242.88. For the 
 year at this rate the saving will amount to $4,485.76. The loss 
 of fines for the year will be $1,502.42 upon the six months' 
 basis of receipts, or $6,702.42 with saloon licenses. The net 
 charge against prohibition then is $2,216.66. The proportion 
 of the increased tax rate of $1 due to prohibition is a trifle 
 over 5 cents. 
 
 69 
 
YUMA COUNTY 
 
 With 222 less arrests for all offenses, and only six cases of 
 drunkenness, against 150 for the six months' period, Yuma County 
 has felt the benefit of the prohibition amendment. There were 
 nine arrests for violation of the amendment during the six months 
 and fines aggregating $1,086 paid by violators. There was an in- 
 crease in the county tax rate of .417 this year, and the following 
 statement will show that the increase was not due to prohibition. 
 
 Prohibition. 
 
 First six months of: 1914 1915 Credit. Debit. 
 
 Cost of sheriff's office $8,341.81 $8,620.59 
 
 Increase for the year $ 557.56 
 
 Cost superior court 5,611.44 8,255.00 
 
 Increase for the year 4,287.12 
 
 Number of justice courts 9 13 
 
 Cost of justice courts 2,910.37 3,747.25 
 
 Average cost nine courts 323.33 
 
 Cost four additional courts.... 1,293.32 
 
 Comparison less cost of four 
 
 additional courts 2,910.37 2,453.93 
 
 Decrease for the year $ 912.88 
 
 Fees justice courts and fines.. 1,003.9 3 2,250.00 
 
 Increase for the year 2,492.04 
 
 Liquor licenses 6,840.00 
 
 Per capita cost sheriff's office 21.49 
 
 Number of arrests 388 166 
 
 Number for drunkenness 150 6 
 
 Violations prohibition 9 
 
 Fines for violations 1,086.00 
 
 Number deputies employed.... 3 3 
 
 222 less arrests 9,541.56 
 
 Fees clerk superior court 1,024.00 1,499.30 
 
 Fees recorder 2,365.40 2,353.08 
 
 Coroner's inquests 12 7 
 
 $12,946.48 $11,684.6! 
 
 County tax rates .89 1.307 
 
 Increase in rate .417 
 
 Due to prohibition .000 
 
 Taxable wealth, 1914, $13,766,140.04. 
 Taxable wealth, 1915, $14,277,941.72. 
 
 The items responsible for the increase of the tax rate are: 
 
 Court house bond interest $ 1,000.00 
 
 Visiting judge's expenses 100.00 
 
 Clerk superior court 100.00 
 
 70 
 
Bailiffs 200.00 
 
 Interpreters 100.00 
 
 Jurors' fees and mileage 5,000.00 
 
 Indigent witnesses 1 00.00 
 
 Juvenile court _ 360.00 
 
 Assistant clerk board supervisors 300.00 
 
 Stationery 150.00 
 
 Expense board, traveling 300.00 
 
 Court house expense 75°. 00 
 
 Bounty on wild animals 3,250.00 
 
 County hospital, etc 2,675.00 
 
 Ranger and other expenses 1,090.00 
 
 County attorney 3 50.00 
 
 Treasurer 250.00 
 
 New justice courts, increases 2,235.00 
 
 Interest, $500,000 road bonds 27,800.00 
 
 $46,110.00 
 
 The increase in taxable wealth returns $6,740.40 for county 
 purposes which about equals the loss of revenue from liquor. 
 
 The increased cost of Yuma County government is due then 
 to increased operation and maintenance and public improvement 
 undertakings, the latter making up the larger item of increase. 
 
 It is contended that the construction of county roads will re- 
 sult in increasing the taxable wealth of the county sufficient to make 
 up this difference. 
 
 City of Yuma 
 
 The 80 cent tax rate of Yuma remains the same this year. 
 The valuation of taxable property was $2,625,989.07 in 1914 
 and $2,726,105.55 in 191 5. The cost of the police department 
 was less by reason of the number of police being reduced. 
 There were three to four in 1914 and two in 191 5. The police 
 court records were not kept up until August, 19 14, hence there 
 is no chance for comparison of arrests. From May 18, 191 5, 
 to September 1, 191 5, there were eight arrests. Most of the 
 Yuma arrests are shown in the statement relative to Yuma 
 
 71 
 
County. There were thirteen retail saloons and three whole- 
 sale in the city of Yuma. 
 
 SUMMARY OF THE SIX MONTHS OF 191 5 
 
 The results of prohibition as shown in the foregoing pages 
 leaves absolutely no question of the marvelous benefit that has come 
 to Arizona in this brief period. I have dealt with the effect upon 
 municipal government at great length in order to show that tax 
 rates for 19 15 were based not upon actual profit together with 
 loss, but upon loss of revenue alone. The counties in making up 
 budgets, estimated, without reason, when they concluded fines 
 would be less. Instead they have increased from $10,361.95 for 
 the first six months. of 1914 to $12,391.20 for the first six months 
 of 191 5. The actual expenditures of the sheriff's offices of ten 
 "wet" counties the first six months of 1914 aggregated $112,917.35, 
 while for the same period of 191 5 it amounted to but $106,534.87. 
 Superior courts for the first six months of 1914 cost $91,336.99 
 and for the same period of 191 5 they cost, but $85,456.47. Jus- 
 tices courts, with over twenty additional courts in 1915, cost $58,- 
 168.93 f° r Slx months of 1915 and $57,815.11 for the same period 
 of 1914. Fees were paid justices and constables in 1914 and sal- 
 aries in 191 5, which greatly increased the cost to counties. The 
 fees returned to the counties have run far short! of making up the 
 difference in cost caused by the change from fees to salaries. 
 
 The increased tax rates in many of the counties are not justi- 
 fied by the first six months' cost of county government. In 
 many the loss of revenue from liquor licenses will be more than 
 made up at the end of the year. In some counties there was an- 
 tagonism to prohibition, and that, together with the apparent dis- 
 position to increase rates in 1915 in order to collect enough money 
 from taxpayers to tide over decreases to be made next year when 
 campaigns are on for county offices, presented opportunities for 
 charging prohibition with all the increased rates of 191 5. 
 
 The final summing up shows that general conditions have im- 
 proved immensely throughout the State during this brief period of 
 six months, and under conditions following the sudden wiping out 
 
 72 
 
of 444 saloons and wholesale houses handling liquor. The last six 
 months will show a greater improvement if the same conditions 
 prevail. But if people are allowed to ship liquor into the State for 
 their personal use we shall soon return to the old conditions greatly 
 aggravated by bootlegging and blind pigs. The bars will be dropped 
 once more, and we will step back to worse conditions than before. 
 
 THOMAS K. MARSHALL. 
 
 Tucson, Arizona. 
 
 73 
 
01 ^ALIFC 
 
■ YC 07524 
 
 «*