HISTORICAL CATALOGUE OF THE ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY OF PHILADELPHIA THIS EDITION IS LIMITED TO FOUR HUNDRED COPIES HISTORICAL CATALOGUE OF THE ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY OF PHILADELPHIA WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF DECEASED MEMBERS COMPILED BY ROBERT B. BEATH VOLUME II PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 1913 PRINTED BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY AT THB WASHINGTON SQUARE PRESS PHILADELPHIA, U. S. A. ROBERT BURNS BEATH President 1906-1907 Historian, The St. Andrew's Society Sfack Annex 5014928 PREFACE IN issuing this second volume of the Historical Cata- logue of The St. Andrew's Society of Philadelphia, the writer may properly feel that he can now be relieved of further work and responsibility in this direction. The work has been carried on between times in a busy life, and has proved pleasant and interesting. It is to be regretted that a number of names of our deceased members have been omitted from this volume after repeated inquiries failed to secure the information desired. The St. Andrew's Society is greatly indebted to one, not a member, Mr. Frank Willing Leach, whose mono- graphs on " Old Philadelphia Families " in the Sunday edi- tion of the " North American " have been freely drawn upon. The Biddle, Burd, Dundas, Leiper, McCall, Mcllvaine, Smith, and other Scotch families have been portrayed in Mr. Leach's interesting articles as among the foremost and best of those who helped in the building of City, State, and Nation. In later important events, as circumstances or conditions have demanded, other members of The St. Andrew's So- ciety have also well performed their several parts as citizens of our country, by birth or adoption, and they will continue to do so. ROBERT B. BEATH December, 1913 CONTENTS PAGE A SYNOPSIS OF THE RECORDS OF THE EARLY YEARS OF THE SOCIETY. . i SEAL AND CERTIFICATES OF MEMBERSHIP 19 CONTINUATION OF THE MINUTES OF THE SOCIETY 22 NOTES OF SPECIAL SERMONS 32 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FOURTH ANNIVERSARY 176 BIOGRAPHIES OF DECEASED MEMBERS AITKEN, ROBERT 41 ANGUS, CAPTAIN JOHN 44 BAINE, JOHN 45 BALD, ROBERT L 46 BARTRAM, GEORGE, SR 46 BARTRAM, GEORGE, JR 47 BINGHAM, GEN. HENRY H 48 BINNY, ARCHIBALD 50 BLACKIE, JAMES 54 BOWIE, RALPH, ESQ 54 BOYD. MALCOLM PETER 55 BOYD, PETER, ESQ 56 BROCKIE, WILLIAM 58 BUCHANAN, REV. DUNCAN MCLENNAN 59 BUIST, ROBERT, JR 60 BURNS, FRANK 61 BURNS, DR. ROBERT BRUCE 62 CAMPBELL, JAMES FAIRMAN 173 CARSTAIRS, JAMES 63 CARSTAIRS, THOMAS 64 CRAIG, HUGH, JR 172 CUMMINGS, COL. ALEXANDER 65 DOBSON, THOMAS 67 DUNDAS, THOMAS 67 FREEMAN, TRISTRAM B 70 GALEY, WILLIAM THOMAS 70 GOODFELLOW, GEORGE 71 GRAHAM, WILLIAM 72 HAMILTON, GAVIN, SR 73 HAMILTON, GAVIN, JR 74 HARDING, ALEXANDER 75 HAVILAND, JOHN 76 HENDERSON, ROBERT 77 vii ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE STANDARDS OF THE ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY Frontispiece ROBERT BURNS BEATH iv GRAEME PARK 3 FREEMASON'S LODGE 7 BUSH HILL 10 INDIAN QUEEN HOTEL 1 1 CITY TAVERN 15 CERTIFICATE OF MEMBERSHIP 1750 20 CITY RESIDENCE, REV. DR. WM. SMITH 21 TITLE PAGE OF HOLY BIBLE 42 MOUNT PLEASANT 88 PRESENT AND RECENT OFFICERS THE ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY, 1913 i DARRACH, HENRY MCPHERSON, HON. JOHN B. FERGUSSON, ALEXANDER C., JR. MILNE, CALEB J., JR. FERGUSSON, JOHN MITCHELL, DR. S. WEIR GIGER, FREDERICK S. MITCHELL, DR. JOHN K. GRAY, JOHN GORDON RODGERS, JOHN J. S. HOFFMAN, BENJAMIN R. SMITH, LATIMER P. KERR, WILLIAM McM. THOMAS, J. FREDERICK LAMB, REV. JAMES H., D.D. TODD, HON. M. HAMPTON MACFARLAN, DR. MALCOLM PORTRAITS OF DECEASED MEMBERS (Titles following names as President, Physician, etc., refer to positions in The St. Andrew's Society.) AITKEN, ROBERT 41 BINGHAM, GEN. H. H 48 BINNY, ARCHIBALD 50 BOYD, PETER 56 BUCHANAN, REV. D. McL 59 BURNS, DR. ROBT. BRUCE 62 CRAIG, HUGH, JR 172 HARDING, ALEXANDER 75 HOPE, JAMES F 79 MACALISTER, JAMES, M.A., LL.D 173 MACLURE, WILLIAM 84 MELVILLE, ADMIRAL G. W 93 MILNE, CALEB JONES 100 MCCLELLAN, DR. GEORGE 109 xi Illustrations McCREA, JAMES in NIMLET, DAVID C 1 18 NORTH, HON. HUGH McA 119 OSWALD, COL. ELEAZAR 122 PITCAIRN, ROBERT 126 REGISTER, ISAAC L 129 RITCHIE, CRAIG D 131 RONALDSON, CHARLES E 133 RUSSELL, ADMIRAL ALEXANDER W 135 SINKLER, DR. WHARTON 138 SMITH, CAPT. ROBERT 145 SMITH, THOMAS DUNCAN 150 SNOWDEN, COL. ARCHIBALD L 152 THOMPSON, HON. SAMUEL G 158 WALLACE, PROF. SHIPPEN 167 WARDEN, WILLIAM G 168 THE ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY OF PHILADELPHIA OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES FOR THE YEAR ENDING NOVEMBER 30, 1914 PRESIDENT ALEXANDER C. FERGUSSON, JR. VICE-PRESIDENTS CALEB J. MILNE, JR. J. FREDERICK THOMAS SECRETARY BENJAMIN R. HOFFMAN (Room 6 10, 328 Chestnut St.) TREASURER FREDERICK S. GIGER (Room 610, 328 Chestnut St.) PHYSICIANS MALCOLM MACFARLAN, M.D. JOHN K. MITCHELL, M.D. CHAPLAIN REV. JAMES H. LAMB, D.D. COUNSELLORS HON. M. HAMPTON TODD LATIMER P. SMITH, ESQ. HISTORIAN ROBERT B. BEATH ASSISTANTS JOHN FERGUSSON WM. McM. KERR JOHN J. S. RODGERS FREDERICK S. GIGER HENRY DARRACH Standing Committees FINANCE COMMITTEE WM. RUDOLPH SMITH, Chairman JOHN G. CARRUTH WILLIAM E. HELME AUDITING COMMITTEE ALEXANDER C. FERGUSSON, Chairman W. WALLACE ALEXANDER JAS. BURNETT GIBB QUARTERLY MEETING COMMITTEE GEORGE DUNCAN, Chairman WILLIAM MCLEAN CHAS. J. MAXWELL ELECTIVE COMMITTEE DAVID MILNE, Chairman DR. J. LAWSON CAMERON CHAS. M. McCLOUD JOHN P. MACBEAN A. REED MC!NTIRE WOODLANDS BURIAL LOT COMMITTEE W. W. WALLACE, Chairman CHAS. DAVIS CLARK JOHN GRAHAM LIBRARY COMMITTEE DAVID MILNE, Chairman BENJAMIN R. HOFFMAN DR. R. T. MCKENZIE F. E. STEWART, M.D. REV. E. MORRIS FERGUSSON ROBERT B. BEATH FREDERICK S. GIGER OFFICIAL PIPER DONALD MACNEAL STANDARD BEARERS CHARLES E. MAXWELL, Chairman CALEB J. MILNE, 3d THOMAS DUNCAN SMITH FREDERICK T. THOMAS FRANK S. MUZZEY A. REED MC!NTIRE PORTRAITS OF PRESENT AND RECENT OFFICERS THE ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY SILAS WEIR MITCHELL, M.D., LL.D. President 1908-1911 JOHN GORDON GRAY President 1912-1913 ALEXANDER CUTHILL FERGUSSON. JR. President 1913 CALEB JONES MILNE, JR. Vioe-President 1911 J. FREDERICK THOMAS Vice-President 1913 HON. JOHN BAYARD McPHERSON Vice-President 1904-1906 BENJAMIN ROSE HOFFMAN Secretary 1913 FREDERICK SIDNEY GIGER Treasurer 1910 MALCOLM MACFARLAN, M.D. Physician 1880 JOHN KEARSLEY MITCHELL, M.D. Physician 1910 REV. JAMES HART LAMB, D.D. Chaplain 1906 HON. M. HAMPTON TODD President 1890-1891 Counsellor 1872 LATIMER PAINTER SMITH, ESQ. Counsellor 1912 ASSISTANTS WILLIAM McMURTRIE KERR JOHN JACOB SMITH RODGERS JOHN FERGUSSON FREDERICK SIDNEY GIGER HENRY DARRACH THE ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY OF PHILADELPHIA A SYNOPSIS OF THE RECORDS OF THE EARLY YEARS OF THE SOCIETY* THE first Minute-book of The St. Andrew's Society of Philadelphia covers the period from the date of formal organization, December 7, 1749, to November 30, 1776, important years in the history of Province, State, and Nation; from the time of the preliminary movements to secure and establish British possession in Western Pennsyl- vania and beyond its borders, to within but a few months after the Declaration of Independence, in all of which events members of this Society bore prominent parts. Some twenty-five men all of Scottish birth, as appears by the statement in the " Advertisement " printed in full in the Historical Catalogue of the Society of 1907 met in Philadelphia on the date first named to put into formal operation a Society for the relief of " the poor and dis- tressed "of their countrymen. * In compiling the first volume of the Historical Catalogue of The St. Andrew's Society of Philadelphia, the Committee did not deem it necessary to traverse the ground gone over by a former committee, of which the able Secretary, Craig D. Ritchie, Esq., was chairman, but since that time the writer has carefully scanned the old Minutes and deemed it well to present, in this form, not only the objects aimed at in the organization of the Society, but also the personnel of the men to whom we are so much indebted. R. B. B. Synopsis of Early Records In explanation of their purpose, they said: We, who are Natives of that part of Great Britain called Scotland and reside in the City of Philadelphia, meeting frequently with our Country-people here in distress, who generally make application to some one or other of us for relief, have agreed to form ourselves into a Society in order to provide for these Indigents whereby they may be more easily, more regularly, and more bountifully suppl'd than cou'd well be done in the common troublesome way of making occasional collections for such purpose. As we propos'd to restrict the Charities of our Society to our Indigent Country-Folks alone, so it was our original intention to admit none but Scotsmen born into the Society, and to apply to or receive contributions from none else. The requisites for membership were: Any man of honour and integrity provided he be a Scotsman or the son of a Scotsman or of Scots Parentage . . . able and willing to contribute towards a Charitable design of this Nature whereby their own Kinsmen from Scotland might some time be relieved in time of want and Necessity. The Rules adopted, twenty-seven in number, provided means for carrying out the objects aimed at, which included benevolent, social and fraternal features. The Minutes state as to the organization: At a general meeting of The St. Andrew's Society held this day, the committee appointed to draw up Rules for the Society had them in readyness, they were accordingly laid before the Society and being unanimously agreed to, were signed by the members and agreeably to the said Rules the Society elected the following officers. The record of this meeting ends : Voted unanimously agreed and Seal'd with the Society's seal at Philadelphia in the Province of Pensilvania this Seventh of December in the year of our Lord, One Thousand Seven hundred and forty-nine. It is a proper inference from the above that prior meet- ings had been held, a committee appointed on Rules, and the name and form of the Society agreed upon, for both Advertisement and Rules show careful consideration and Synopsis of Early Records required time for their preparation, but, as we find no record of any earlier meetings, the date named (December seventh) must be held as the date of organization. The signatures of the Founders of the Society were written evidently on a separate sheet and later pasted in this Minute-book; several of the names have been in part mutilated, but they can be easily identified from the con- text. Following these twenty-five names is written " these are the original members." The signatures of twenty-two others are appended without specifying the dates of their election to membership. The officers then elected were: President, Dr. Thomas Graeme; Vice-President, James Burd; Treasurer, John Inglis; Secretary, James Trotter; Assistants (Almoners), Dr. Adam Thomson and William Mcllvaine. With the exceptions of Doctors Graeme and Thomson, the officers named were engaged in business of various kinds, and doubtless all the members were selected because of their standing in the community. Dr. Graeme, the President, was then second on the roll of Justices of the Supreme Court of the Province, appointed April 9, 1731. He was born in Perthshire, Scot- land, of the powerful family of the Grahams of that sec- tion. Educated as a physician, Dr. Rush later said of him that for nearly half a century he maintained a place in the front rank of his profession. He was active also in political and social affairs, held various offices, and at the time of his death in his 84th year, September 4, 1772 had been serving for about twenty years as naval officer for the port of Philadelphia. His city residence was on the north side of Chestnut Street below Seventh. His country-seat, Graeme Park, on a tract of 1 200 acres on the southern boundary of the present Montgomery county, and some eighteen miles from the centre of Philadelphia, was one of the noted country estates of that period. His youngest daughter, Elizabeth Fergus- 3 Synopsis of Early Records son, was reputed to be the most accomplished woman of pro- vincial times. Colonel James Burd, Vice-President, was the founder in this country of the well-known Burd family. He had. as an advertisement shows, a store on Carpenter's Wharf, " opposite Wm. Coleman's," for the sale of English silk goods, etc. He was the leading engineer in building roads for the march of the troops in the Braddock campaign to Western Pennsylvania, and was promoted later for active service from captain to lieutenant-colonel, and to colonel in the subsequent campaign under General John Forbes. John Inglis, Treasurer, a merchant, was conspicuous in public and social affairs and married one of the Mc- Calls, a prominent family of that day. He was President of this Society when he died. James Trotter, Secretary, and William Mcllvaine, an Assistant, were also engaged in mercantile business. Mr. Trotter, Secretary, advertised as an importer of broadcloths, etc., at his store " next door to Townsend White on Front Street." Dr. Adam Thomson, an Assistant and later Vice-Presi- dent, was noted as one of the first physicians to practise inoculation for the prevention of smallpox. He removed to New York in 1755, and there interested himself in the formation of the Saint Andrew's Society of that city, of which he became Vice-President and then President, 1757. Full credit for his active assistance in this respect is accorded Dr. Thomson in the History of the Saint Andrew's Society of New York. Membership. It can be said of all the early members recorded in these Minutes, that they were prominent in the community. Those benighted people who look upon the Scotch as a " dour, crabbed lot " may be surprised to learn that the lists of the First Dancing Assembly in Philadelphia composed of those who were then foremost in the social whirl contained the names of each of the officers and of other members of The St. Andrew's Society, twenty- four 4 Synopsis of Early Records in number. John Inglis, Treasurer of the Society, was a recognized leader in those festivities. His portrait was painted for the Assembly. The first name on the subscrip- tion list 1748-49, preserved by the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, is that of the Lieutenant-Governor, James Hamilton, elected President of The St. Andrew's Society November 30, 1750. The Rev. Richard Peters, secretary to the Penns, in a letter relates, as a matter of society gossip, that the Gover- nor at the opening of the Dancing Assembly received a very decided snub from a lady whom he had invited to open the dance with him. She declined, it was understood, be- cause the Governor had not first called upon her. The letter says : two or three other ladies out of Modesty and from no manner of ill- design excused themselves, so that the Governor was put to his shifts when Mrs. Willing, now " Lady Mayoress " in a Most Genteel manner put herself in his way. The Governor danced the first Minuet with this amiable lady who showed her fine breeding by stepping in to prevent his being placed in an awkward position. The " Lady Mayoress " was before her marriage, Anne, daughter of Edward Shippen, first Mayor of Philadelphia under charter of 1701. The Society was represented also in all the military companies of the time. A number belonged to the Church of England, several served as vestrymen in Christ Church and St. Peter's, and one prominent member, later President of the Society, Rev. William Smith, D.D., of the College of Philadelphia and first Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, was repeatedly chosen as orator for special public occasions and preached in both Christ Church and St. Peter's. Others were prominent members of the early Presbyterian churches and members and officers of the first Masonic lodge. Meeting Places. During the first seventeen years, the secretaries did not record on the Minutes the places where meetings of the Society were held. Fortunately, one of the 5 Synopsis of Early Records Rules required publication in the newspapers of the time and place for such meetings, and an examination of old newspaper files has made it possible to supply these omis- sions except as to the place for the first meeting, before referred to, that of December 7, 1749. The Pennsylvania Gazette was then published by Ben- jamin Franklin and David Hall, the latter one of the founders of the Society and at that time in full charge of the printing business established by Dr. Franklin. After Mr. Hall's death and the dissolution of the firm, his place was taken by his son William, who with William Sellers continued the publication of the Gazette, and they printed the catalogue of the Society for 1769. William Hall was also Secretary of the Society during a part of the Revo- lutionary War, in which he served as a sergeant of the famous company of cavalry, now known as the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry. As before stated, no record has been found of the place of meeting on December 7, 1749, but the first Quarterly Meeting, that of February 28, 1750, was held at the " Tun Tavern," originally on King (now Water) Street below Chestnut, and likewise all the meetings in the years 1750- 1751. Therefore it is probable that the first meeting was held at the same place. The call for the first Quarterly Meeting, February 28, 1750, appeared in both the Pennsylvania Gazette and the Pennsylvania Journal or Weekly Advertiser, reading: The Members of THE ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY are desired to attend their Quarterly Meeting at the Tun Tavern on Water Street on Wednesday the 28th February [1750] precisely at Six o'clock in the Evening. JAMES TROTTER, Cl'k. A similar notice called for the next Quarterly Meeting to be held at the same place on Friday, August 31, 1750; and that for St. Andrew's Day, November 30, 1750, reads: 6 Synopsis of Early Records The Members of THE ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY are desired to attend their Anniversary Assembly on Friday the 3Oth of this Instant at the Tun Tavern in Water Street, precisely at 10 o'clock in the forenoon. JAMES TROTTER, Sec'y- At the second anniversary, on St. Andrew's Day, No- vember 30, 1751, the Vice-President, Dr. Adam Thomson, called attention " to some dissatisfaction existing about meeting in a Publick Tavern " on account of the added expense, and a committee was appointed to arrange for future meetings in the " Assembly Room on Mr. (Andrew) Hamilton's wharf," and they were to furnish the wine and other necessaries for the suppers. This building was located on the Delaware River front, north of the old drawbridge at Dock Street, and was used for various stores, lodge- rooms, and the Dancing Assembly previously referred to. John Inglis, first Treasurer of the Society, was one of the tenants in this building. The quarterly meetings from February 28, 1752, until the end of the year 1754 were held on Hamilton's wharf; but the Anniversary of November 30, 1752, was held at the " Bull's Head " on Market Street, that of 1753 at the " Tun Tavern," and that for 1754 at the "Three Crowns" at Second and Walnut Streets, " famed for the excellence of its table." Freemason's Lodge. In 1754 the Masons, on account of objections of members to meetings in the taverns, caused a building to be erected on Norris Alley later named Lodge Alley and now Sansom Street on part of the site now occupied by the U. S. Appraisers' stores on Second Street above Walnut. The dedicatory sermon was delivered in Christ Church on Tuesday, 24th June, 1755, the Grand Anniversary of St. John the Baptist, by the Rev. William Smith, of The St. Andrew's Society. A copy of the sermon, " printed by B. Franklin and 7 Synopsis of Early Records D. Hall," elsewhere referred to, with notes by Dr. Smith, is in the possession of his great-great-grandson William Rudolph Smith, Esq., a Past President of The St. Andrew's Society. On February 28, 1755, the Society met in the " Masonic Lodge," and continued to meet there until 1764, in all about nine years. Afterward frequent changes were made, as we find, in addition to the " Tun," the tavern of Patrick Byrne, Front Street below Walnut;* then to John Mc- Intyre's, on Front Street, at the sign of the ship " Penn- sylvania " ; " The Fleece," on Front Street ; the " Bunch of Grapes," on Third above Market Street; and for the years 1774, 1775, and 1776 at the " Indian Queen," on Fourth Street south of Market, probably the most notable hostelry of that day. (See illustration.) Membership. The provision for membership has already been stated, but at first there was no rule as to " Honorary Members." On May 31, 1750, it was agreed That any of our Country-men who are strangers and are applyed to for Charity and they give twenty shillings or upwards shall be deemed Honorary Members and a copy of the Rules be delivered them. Mr. James Wardrop of Virginia is thus first recorded, with a contribution of two pounds three shillings and six pence, and Mr. Lawson of Maryland, one pound. There were quite a number of contributors of this charac- ter, and these entries have caused some confusion in re- cording also as " Honorary Members " persons residing within the State at a distance from Philadelphia. Notable instances are: Doctor, later General, Hugh Mercer, of the present Franklin County, member 1757, and General Arthur St. Clair, of Westmoreland County, member 1775. The latter presided over the meetings of Congress in Philadel- phia before a President of the United States was elected. In 1769 formal provision was made for two classes of * The Society of the Sons of St. George organized in this tavern, April 23, 1772. 8 Synopsis of Early Records membership, " Resident " and " Honorary," the latter to be of " those who residing at too great distance from Philadelphia to be considered as Resident members and present a sum not less than Twenty shillings to the Use of this Society," the applicant to be " a native of that part of Great Britain called Scotland, or the son or grandson of parents, one of whom at least hath been born in Scotland." The Catalogue of 1769 contains the List of Officers for that year and the names of 76 Resident and 147 Honorary Members. Attendance at Meetings. A peculiar fact shown on these early Minutes is, that, excepting as to the officers, the names of members present at the meetings were entirely omitted, and only names of absentees recorded, who were to be fined under the Rules unless a reasonable excuse was presented at the next meeting. The fines first imposed were ten shillings for absence from the Quarterly Meetings and twenty shillings for absence on St. Andrew's Day. There are entries of committees appointed at various times to collect fines from delinquents when money was especially required for charities. The suppers at the Quarterly Meet- ings could not have been as liberally provided as they are now in the line of eatables, but from the bills, of which we have copies, the liquid refreshments were evidently more than liberal, and the Society had to rule that all who staid after a designated hour were to foot their own bills. Charitable Work. Many pages of the first Minute- book are devoted to entries of applications for assistance, a number were copied in full accompanied by the action taken in each case, and all show the great need for such a Society. It required considerable time to inquire closely into the necessities of each case, and it was found necessary later to divide the city into districts, so that the Officers and Assistants could reach the needy more quickly and give proper help, and also avoid duplications, as even then, when a party had been aided by one Assistant, he could promptly call on another with the same result. Many of the records 9 Synopsis of Early Records are pathetic, of women misled, children suffering, men searching for work, the sick requiring medicines and medi- cal attendance, the dead to be buried. There are entries of applicants found unworthy, but their cases also required attention. Later Officers of the Society. The high standing of the officers elected at the first meeting has been referred to, and brief mention made of the social position and political services of the President, Doctor Graeme. James Hamilton, who had previously served as Mayor of Philadelphia, and to whose foresight is largely due the erection of the old City Hall at Fifth and Chestnut Streets, was in 1750 Lieutenant-Governor of the Province. He was the oldest son of the celebrated lawyer, Andrew Hamil- ton, one of the prime movers in locating the " State-House," now Independence Hall, in the present Independence Square. At the first Anniversary of the Society, on St. Andrew's day, November 30, 1750, the Assistants reported that they had waited upon the Governor (Hamilton) with a copy of the Rules, and that " His Honour desired to become a member of the Society," " which being unanimously agreed to, a deputation was sent to wait upon him with a certificate of his election." The Society then proceeded to elect officers for the next year, and Governor Hamilton was promptly elected President and so served during the years 1750-1754. In October, 1754, Hamilton resigned as Lieutenant-Governor, and was succeeded in that position by the Hon. Robert Hunter Morris, of the New Jersey family of that name. Governor Morris was a descendant of the distinguished Scotch family with which the Duke of Montrose was allied. He was promptly elected a member of The St. Andrew's Society, and at the November meeting of that year was elected its President. He was relieved as Governor in 1756 by William Denny, who had the disadvantage of not being a Scotsman and consequently was not eligible as a 10 INDIAN OUEEN HOTEL. By Courtesy of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania INDIAN QUEEN HOTEL Located on east side of Fourth Street below Market. One of the most noted Inns of that period whe THE ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY met here August 31, 1773, and until November 30, 1776, n, as our Minutes state, "the meeting adjourned without supping on account of the unsettled state of the times." The Society also met here as late as 1791 Synopsis of Early Records member and President of the Society; so Dr. Graeme served in the interim until October, 1759, when Hamilton was in- duced by the Penns to again accept office as Lieutenant- Governor, and was again elected President. He so served until November, 1763, when Dr. Graeme, whose fine hand could be seen in these selections, resumed the office, holding it until the year preceding his death, when John Inglis was elected President, and he was succeeded by the Rev. Dr. William Smith. An entry on the Minute-Book for August 30, 1776, states The Sec'y advertised according to custom but the President and Vice-President judg'd proper to put off this meeting owing to a number of the members being out of town, or more particularly on account of the convulsed and unsettled state of the times. The last meeting recorded in this Minute-book is that of November 30, 1776, at the " Indian Queen" Tavern. The members recorded present were Rev. Dr. William Smith, President; Capt. John Macpherson, David Sproat, William McMurtrie, Thomas Dundas, William Tod, and the Secretary, Aneas Urquhart. The Minutes state It was unanimously agreed by the members present that the officers of last year be continued and that the petitions from objects of distress be referred to the old committee. The Company then adjourned themselves without supping having first agreed to allow Mr. Lee a full compensation for his trouble in preparing to entertain them. (Signed) ANEAS URQUHART, Secretary. Independence of the mother country had been declared and so announced in the " State-House " yard nearly five months preceding that date, and the war was on, destined to continue for five weary years. We find no Minute-book following this meeting until that which records the Anniversary at the " City Tavern," November 30, 1786, an interval of ten years, but fortunately the books of the Treasurer have been preserved. ii Synopsis of Early Records Before inquiring into the proofs of meetings of The St. Andrew's Society during those years for which Minutes are missing, it is well to recall that war between the Colonies and Great Britain had begun with the skirmish at Lexing- ton, April 19, 1775, an d it was Captain John Pitcairn (pos- sibly the British officer of that name, elected as Honorary Member in 1752) who there ordered the " rebels " to dis- perse. On June I7th following, the Battle of Bunker Hill was fought, and there Pitcairn was killed while gallantly leading his men. The British troops occupied Philadelphia from Septem- ber 26, 1777, to June 30, 1778, and the Scotch folks were treated to a sight of the noted 42nd Highlanders in their kilts coming now as enemies, whereas on a previous visit they were friends. As soon as it was known that the British soldiers were on the march to enter Philadelphia, both Con- gress and the Executive Council united to strip the city of everything which would contribute to the comfort of the enemy. All kinds of provisions were ordered to be trans- ported except the barest necessities for families, and this was being done until the British troops entered. The horsemen under Washington patrolled the country for miles around to prevent provisions reaching the city. Captain Allan McLane, repeatedly referred to in Dr. Weir Mitchell's " Hugh Wynne," was one of the " rough-riders " engaged in this work. McMinn, in " The Frontier with Colonel Antes," says of the city, " There was the most awful poverty and want, also, and such want that exceeded the sufferings at Valley Forge." Flour rose to three guineas per hundred, potatoes six- teen shillings a bushel, beef seven shillings and sixpence a pound, and other things in proportion. The financial condition of the country may also be judged by an entry on the books of the Treasurer of The St. Andrew's Society, James Craig, Jr., for November 30, 1779, when he shows balance in the treasury of 9.12.6, 12 Synopsis of Early Records " which reduced to specie as of ist March, 1779, at 10 for one is 19 shillings 3 pence." In 1778 David Lenox and Gavin Hamilton paid as entrance fees for membership each 11.5, which represented the actual fee of 1.15. Other members then elected paid smaller sums. The members were naturally divided in their opinions as to Independence. The two Stedman brothers, founders and active members of the Society, vestry-men in Christ Church, were steadfast in loyalty to their king. Charles Stedman was Vice-President of the Society in 1755 and again in 1760. Alexander Stedman was a justice of the Supreme Court of the Province in 1764. They had accumu- lated large properties in Lancaster County and in Phila- delphia, which were confiscated, when they returned to the old country and there died. Charles Stedman, a son of Alexander, born in Philadelphia, December 22, 1755, bap- tized in Christ Church, entered the British service at the outbreak of the war, at the age of twenty-one, and was a commissary in the South. When the war closed, he went to England, and in 1794 issued in two volumes a " History of the Origin, Progress, and Termination of the American War." A copy of this work in the possession of the His- torical Society of Pennsylvania has interlined corrections and additions, apparently made by himself. The maps are very interesting to the student of Revolutionary times. David Sproat, Vice-President 1772-73, present at the St. Andrew's meeting November 30, 1776, joined the British service when that army was at the Brandywine prior to entering Philadelphia, and he was later assigned the pitiful task of oversight of the British prison ships in New York harbor. An account relative to Mr. Sproat and this service is elsewhere recorded in this volume which, by official docu- ments, relieves him of the odium then cast upon him. He was a prominent merchant in Philadelphia and his property also was confiscated. 13 Synopsis of Early Records Andrew Elliott, who married Eleanor, daughter of George McCall, one of the most active members, Vice- President in 1754 and again in 1759, was appointed in 1764 Collector of Customs in New York and in 1780 was made Lieutenant-Governor of that Province. He there did his duty faithfully and conscientiously in responsible positions assigned him, until the war closed, when he returned to Scotland, where he died in 1797. He also had been engaged in mercantile business in Philadelphia. On the side of the Colonies the gallant youth, Captain John Macpherson, member 1773, lost his life with his chief, General Montgomery, at Quebec; Arthur St. Clair, from Westmoreland County, elected honorary member November 30, 1775, became a major-general; and Dr. Hugh Mercer, elected in February, 1757, from the present Franklin County, who had served with honor in the Braddock and Forbes campaigns in Western Pennsylvania, fell mortally wounded at Princeton, then a brigadier-general in the Revolutionary service. The Philadelphia Troop of Light Horse, now the First City Troop, repeatedly called on for service by General Washington, was officered during the entire period of the war by First Sergeant Thomas Leiper (later our Vice- President) and Second Sergeant William Hall, the latter at the time being Secretary of the Society. William H. Tod, Esq., William Turnbull, David Lenox, Matthew Irwin, and James Craig, Jr., were also members of the First Troop of Horse. Captain Robert Smith, whose biography follows in this volume, served from New York. He was twice wounded and retired on that account. On coming to Philadelphia, he enlisted in 1781 as a private in this notable troop. James Craig, Senior, Treasurer of the Society, was owner and part owner of a number of armed privateering vessels during the war. He was appointed by Congress January 9, 1776, with Robert Morris and others a Com- missioner of Naval stores. Doubtless other members were Synopsis of Early Records in the military and naval service whom we cannot now directly locate. Members of the Society were also large contributors of moneys for carrying on the war. In 1780 a fund of 300,000 pounds was raised by the " National Bank for the United States of America " for supplying provisions to the army. Among the larger subscribers were : Thomas Leiper, 4000 pounds ; Matthew Irwin, 5000 ; William Hall, 2000 ; Samuel Inglis, 2000; William Turnbull, 1000; and these with other members of the Society were giving their services freely to the Colonies in various directions. Samuel Inglis served as Treasurer of the Society 1767-69 and died September 17, 1783. This fund was closed finally in 1784, having distributed three million rations and other needed supplies to the army. To recur now to the years for which the Minutes of the Secretary are missing, November 30, 1776, to November 30, 1786. The second Minute-book in possession of the Society records an Anniversary Meeting at the City Tavern, No- vember 30, 1786. James Wilson, who had become a member of the Society in 1768 and whose fame was to become as wide and lasting as the nation, is recorded as President, and he so served during the next ten years of his useful, busy life. He is recorded February 28, 1775, as having made a special donation for the use of the Society. The Rules of the Society were copied in full in this book, followed by the signatures of fifty-three members; of this number the names of twenty-seven are recorded on the Treasurer's books as members prior to 1776, showing continuance of the Society during the war. There is no reference on these Minutes to any interregnum of meetings. Treasurer Craig's books show the following entries for fees of new members for November 30, 1778: "Gavin Hamilton, 15.5; Captain George McNaughton, 4.17; Synopsis of Early Records George Clayton, 4.15; David Lenox, 11.5 ; James Heron, 7.10." He reported a balance then in his hands of twenty- four pounds, twelve shillings and sixpence. (See reference to depreciated currency, page 12.) For November 30, 1779, he reported from "New Members: Captain John Angus,* 1.15 ; Captain John Young, 1.15 ; Captain Thomas Huston, 1.15;" these military titles would show that they were in the service. Receipts for dues entered for same period, one pound each, from Thomas Leiper, William Hall, James Craig, Jr., David Lenox, William Murray, William Semple, and James Heron, all noted as members prior to the outbreak of the Revolution. No advertisements have been found for meetings in 1778 and 1779, but the records of the Treasurer are con- clusive as to continuance of the Society during those years. In 1779 Thomas Leiper was given 12.15 to distribute per erders for relief of applicants. For later years, until the entries were made in the second Minute-book in our possession, November 30, 1786, printed notices of meetings follow : 1780 Pennsylvania Gazette, November 29th: The Members of The ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY and their visiting friends are requested to attend their Anniversary Meeting, to-morrow Evening at Six O'clock at the City Tavern. W. HALL, Secretary. John Henderson, of New Orleans, is noted as having contributed to the Society this year three pounds. 1781 Pennsylvania Gazette, February 28th: The Members of The ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY are requested to attend their Quarterly Meeting this Evening at 6 o'clock at the Coffee-house. WILLIAM HALL, Secretary. * See sketch of Captain Angus in this volume. 16 Synopsis of Early Records Pennsylvania. Gazette, November 27, 1781 : The Members of THE ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY are requested to attend their Anniversary Meeting on Friday night at Six o'clock in the Evening at Mr. Byrne's Tavern on Front Street. WILLIAM HALL, Secretary. 1782 Pennsylvania Gazette, November 2/th: The Annual Meeting of The ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY will be held on Saturday next, the 3Oth instant at Six o'clock in the Evening at Mr. Byrne's Tavern Where the Members are requested to attend. WILLIAM HALL, Secretary. 1783 Pennsylvania Gazette, November 26th : The Members of The ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY are requested to attend their Anniversary Meeting on Monday next at the City Tavern at Six o'clock in the Evening. W. HALL, Secretary. As elsewhere noted, William Hall served through the entire period of the war as Sergeant in the, now, First City Troop, and his movements with his command, in the various calls made on it, may account for the loss of a Minute-book during his service as Secretary. He was succeeded as Secretary by William Semple. 1784 No advertisements of Meetings have been found for the year 1784, but the dues of members reported at the meeting held November 30, 1786, referred to below, cover this period. 1785 Pennsylvania Packet, May 27th: The Members of The ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY are desired to attend their Quarterly Meeting at the City Tavern on Tuesday, the 3ist, inst. at 7 o'clock in the Evening. WILLIAM SEMPLE, Secretary. 17 Synopsis of Early Records A similar call for the Quarterly Meeting of August 3ist and for the Annual Meeting November 3Oth, of that year, appeared in the same paper, signed, " WILLIAM SEMPLE, Secretary." It is thus clear that The St. Andrew's Society was sus- tained more or less efficiently during the entire period of the Revolutionary War. When that was ended, the people were greatly impoverished, but with a sublime courage and hope they set themselves resolutely to build up a nation, and in that great work such men as Alexander Hamilton, Honorary Member, and James Wilson, President of the Society, were preeminently leaders. 1786 As stated above, the second Minute-book in possession of the Society begins with the record of a meeting at the City Tavern, on November 30, 1786. As this Minute-book until it was closed in 1833 records in nearly every instance the meeting places for both Quar- terly and Anniversary Meetings, it is not necessary to sup- ply here further details, but, for easier reference hereafter, the dates and places of all meetings of the Society that have been ascertained from press notices and the Minutes have been now recorded in a special book. It was not until 1 793 that formal provision was made in the Rules for furnishing medical attendance and legal advice to those in need, though the Minutes show in frequent references that such had received prompt attention, when Doctors Andrew Ross, William Currie, and William Mc- Ilvaine were elected Physicians of the Society, and William Moore Smith, Esq., and Richard Lake, Esq., were elected Counsellors. No provision seems to have been made in the earlier years for the office of Chaplain, nor even in the Charter of 1791, though the application for that charter was signed by the Reverend William Marshall as Chaplain and he is recorded as so serving 1788-1793. 18 Synopsis of Early Records In closing this sketch it is only necessary to observe that the records prove that The St. Andrew's Society of Phila- delphia, the first in this country to make Scottish birth or descent a requisite for membership, was grounded, as the old-time preachers expressed it in the " fundamentals," and has ever since kept to the traditions of its past, making only such changes in its rules and practice as changing conditions of the times have proven necessary. THE STRONG Box OF THE SOCIETY The original Rules required the Treasurer to provide a " Strong Box " " wherein should be safely lodged the Rules and Orders of the Society, with all Moneys in Stock and the securities for the same " . . . " to be produced at each Anniversary Assembly for the Inspection and Examination of the members." On May 31, 1750, the President reported that he had given an order on the Treasurer for 3 pounds, 3 shillings and 9 pence " for the Strong Box for the use of the Society, and for a coffin and shroud for Walter Elliott." This was certainly a peculiar combination, but the " Strong Box," now 164 years old, a relic of a long-past age, is in the Society's office, and in it the old charters, sundry old papers, and the copper-plates herein referred to have been preserved. The box is 27 by 18 inches and 15 inches in height, and is arranged to be opened by two keys. A figure of Saint Andrew with the cross is dimly shown on the lid, which will be repainted and a descriptive plate added. SEAL OF THE SOCIETY The Rules also provided for a " Large Seal " with a Thistle and Crown and the motto of Scotland : " NEMO ME IMPUNE LACESSIT." A seal was donated to the Society and duly acknowledged by letter of July 22, 1751, to Messrs. Innes & Clarke, mer- 19 Synopsis of Early Records chants of London, and they were voted honorary member- ship. After the Revolution the " crown " over the thistle was considered objectionable, and a committee was appointed to procure a new seal, the motto to be left to the President, Hon. James Wilson, and he chose " Uni Libertas ibi Patria," but this was disapproved and the old motto ordered substi- tuted. CERTIFICATES OF MEMBERSHIP The Rules further provided that a Certificate of Mem- bership should be furnished " under the Society's Seal signed by the President or Vice-President and Clerk," in the following form : These are to Certify that of was by a majority of Votes regularly admitted a member of The St. Andrew's Society of Philad'a in the Province of Pensilvania at a Meeting of the Society the day of Anno Domini Given under our hands and Seal of the Society the Day and year above written President. Secretary On November 7, 1750, Samuel Trotter presented a bill for 2 us: "To a Copper Plate with 100 Certificates." The receipt is signed by the Secretary, James Trotter, under date of October 16, 1751, and the plate, with a copy of the certificate and the bill, have been fortunately preserved in the " Strong Box " noted above. On May 30, 1752, 300 copper-plate certificates were ordered struck, under the direction of David Hall.* This certificate, with the thistle and crown shown in the illustration, remained in use until after the Revolution, but * David Hall, one of the founders, was partner and in full charge of the printing business of Benjamin Franklin, later of the firm of Hall & Sellers. Biog., vol. i, page 187. 20 sr p o| ll 3 cr 5 ? o H" ?< 8 0-2 Sj 1 ? S 5'S oq O ^ g-W n> ^ - .. - : Copyright, 1912, by }. B. Lippincott Company CITY RESIDENCE OF REV. DR. WILLIAM SMITH For many years President of The St. Andrew's Society. North- east corner of Fourth and Arch Streets From " Colonial Homes of Philadelphia and Its Neighbourhood " Synopsis of Early Records the copper-plate in our possession shows clearly that the " crown " was erased and certificates thus defaced were used in this condition until November 30, 1790, when the meeting resolved : That a new plate be procured of the Diploma of the Members of the Society agreeably to the design of Mr. Alexander Christie (member 1787). The Rev. Dr. William Smith, John Shields, Treasurer, Alexander Christie, and Thomas Dobson * were appointed a committee for the purpose, but later reported " they could not agree on the embellishments," and it was nearly two years later, August 31, 1792, that a report from the Com- mittee was approved and the new Diploma, according to the design by Alexander Christie, adopted. One hundred copies of the certificate were then ordered to be framed at the cost of members. This copper-plate, now in use, was engraved by Robert Scot, member 1786, the first engraver of the U. S. Mint. Twenty-three pounds, three shillings, four and one-half pence was paid him. The signature, in fine script, " R. Scot," is on the lower right-hand corner of the certificate. * Thomas Dobson was also a printer. See brief notice on page 67. CONTINUATION OF THE MINUTES OF THE SOCIETY FOR PRECEDING MINUTES SEE HISTORICAL CATALOGUE, 1907 1907, November 30. The 158th Anniversary of the Society was held at the Aldine Hotel, President Robert B. Beath in the chair. The Divine blessing was invoked by the Chaplain, Rev. James H. Lamb, D.D. The usual toasts were announced and addresses were made as follows : "Scotland," Rev. David M. Steele, Rector Protestant Episcopal Church of Epiphany and St. Luke, Philadelphia. " The Land We Live In," Hon. Charles Emory Smith, LL.D., former Postmaster-General. " The Lasses," Col. A. Loudon Snowden, former Min- ister to Greece. The addresses were listened to with great interest by the large audience. The eloquent address of the Hon. Charles Emory Smith was the last public address made by him, as his death occurred within a few weeks of that time. 1908, October 31. The annual meeting for the election of officers was held at the Flanders Building, i5th and Walnut Streets. The following were elected : S. WEIR MITCHELL, M.D., LL.D. President HON. JOHN B. MCPHERSON Vice-President JOHN GORDON GRAY Vice-President FREDERICK S. GIGER Secretary ALEXANDER HARDING Treasurer MALCOLM MACFARLAN, M.D. Physician WHARTON SINKLER, M.D. Physician REV. JAMES H. LAMB, D.D. Chaplain M. HAMPTON TODD, ESQ. Counsellor PETER BOYD, ESQ. Counsellor JOHN FERGUSSON Assistant WILLIAM McM. KERR Assistant JOHN J. S. RODGERS Assistant ALEXANDER HARDING Assistant 22 Extracts from the Minutes 1908, November 30. The I59th Anniversary of the Society was held this date at the Bellevue-Stratford, Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, President, in the chair. Grace was said by the Chaplain, Rev. James H. Lamb, D.D. Dr. Mitchell, in announcing the set toasts, made an interesting address, reminiscent of past times of the Society's meetings and strongly suggesting that more attention be given to Scottish songs and stories. The response to " Our Mother Country and her King " was made by the Hon. James Bryce, British Ambassador; " Scotland," by Dr. George W. Guthrie, of Wilkes-Barre, Pa. ; " The Land we Live in," by Hon. John S. Reyburn, Mayor of Philadelphia; "Pennsylvania," by Hon. M. Hampton Todd, Attorney-General of Pennsylvania. The addresses were all thoroughly interesting. 1909, November i. The annual meeting for the election of officers was held this date at the Manufacturers' Club, Broad and Chestnut Streets. The following were elected: S. WEIR MITCHELL, M.D., LL.D. President JOHN GORDON GRAY Vice-President ALEXANDER C. FERGUSSON, JR. Vice-President FREDERICK S. GIGER Secretary ALEXANDER HARDING Treasurer MALCOLM MACFARLAN, M.D. Physician WHARTON SINKLER., M.D. Physician REV. JAMES H. LAMB, D.D. Chaplain M. HAMPTON TODD, ESQ. Counsellor PETER BOYD, ESQ. Counsellor JOHN FERGUSSON Assistant WILLIAM McM. KERR Assistant JOHN J. S. RODGERS Assistant ALEXANDER HARDING Assistant Hon. John B. McPherson, Vice-President, had requested that his name should not be presented for re-election, and, in consequence of his declination, Alexander C. Fergusson, Jr., was elected Second Vice-President. All the other offi- cers were unanimously re-elected. 23 Extracts from the Minutes It was decided that an office in a fire-proof building should be secured for the better preservation of the records of the Society. This office was later located at Room 610 in the Brown Building, southeast corner of 4th and Chestnut Streets. 1909, November 30. The i6oth Anniversary of the Society was held at the Bellevue-Stratford, Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, President, in the chair. Grace was said by the Chaplain, Rev. James H. Lamb, D.D. After the set toasts, " The Land we Live in " was responded to by the Rev. James H. Darlington, D.D., Bishop of Central Pennsyl- vania Protestant Episcopal Church ; " Hills, Heather, and Haggis," by Mr. Charles Heber Clark; " Scotland," by Peter Boyd, Esq. ; " The Keystone State," by Alfred G. Hethering- ton, Esq. 1910, February 28. At the quarterly meeting held this date it was decided to establish a Library of Scottish Litera- ture. A statement in relation to this subject follows on page 28. 1910, May 31. At the quarterly meeting held this date at the Penn Club, the committee appointed to procure a set of standards for the Society reported, through Mr. Caleb J. Milne, Jr., chairman, the completion of their work, and presented flags in finely embroidered silk of the United States, Great Britain, the Standard of Scotland, and one specially designed with the insignia of The St. Andrew's Society beautifully embroidered thereon. Later Mr. Milne presented a silk flag of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the colors of the City of Philadelphia, 1910, October 31. At the meeting held this date at the University Club, the following officers were elected : S. WEIR MITCHELL, M.D., LL.D. President JOHN GORDON GRAY Vice-President ALEXANDER C. FERGUSSON, JR. Vice-President FREDERICK S. GIGER Secretary FREDERICK S. GIGER Treasurer 24 Extracts from the Minutes MALCOLM MACFARLAN ., M.D. Physician JOHN K. MITCHELL, M.D. Physician REV. JAMES H. LAMB, D.D. Chaplain HON. M. HAMPTON TODD Counsellor PETER BOYD, ESQ. Counsellor JOHN FERGUSSON Assistant WILLIAM McM. KERR Assistant JOHN J. S. RODGERS Assistant FREDERICK S. GIGER Assistant Dr. Wharton Sinkler, Physician of the Society, and Alexander Harding, Treasurer, died during the year, and the vacancies so caused were filled by the election of Dr. John K. Mitchell as Physician and Frederick S. Giger as Treasurer. 1910, November 30. The i6ist Anniversary was held this date at the Bellevue-Stratford, President Dr. S. Weir Mitchell in the chair. After the usual preliminary toasts, Dr. Mitchell, refer- ring in his usual felicitous and interesting manner to the long life and work of The St. Andrew's Society, intro- duced the speakers for the evening: Talcott Williams, LL.D., on " The Land we Live in." Francis Harvey Green, A.M., Litt.D., on " Scottish Literature." Rev. Robert Johnston, Rector Church of The Saviour, West Philadelphia, on " Scotland." The meeting was interspersed with marches by the piper and by a number of Scottish songs. 1911, October 31. At the meeting held this date at the University Club the following officers were elected : JOHN GORDON GRAY President ALEXANDER C. FERGUSSON, JR. Vice-President CALEB J. MILNE, JR. Vice-President CHARLES E. RONALDSON Secretary* * On February 20, 1912, the honored Secretary of the Society, Charles Edward Ronaldson, passed away. Mr. Giger then served as Secretary pro tem. until another should be chosen. On February 29, 1912, Mr. Benjamin R. Hoffman was elected Secretary. 25 Extracts from the Minutes FREDERICK S. GIGER Treasurer MALCOLM MACFARLAN, M.D. Physician JOHN K. MITCHELL, M.D. Physician REV. JAMES H. LAMB, D.D. Chaplain HON. M. HAMPTON TODD Counsellor PETER BOYD, ESQ. Counsellor JOHN FERGUSSON Assistant WILLIAM McM. KERR Assistant JOHN J. S. RODGERS Assistant FREDERICK S. GIGER Assistant HENRY DARRACH Assistant At this meeting the President, on behalf of the Society, presented to Colonel Robert B. Beath a gold badge of the Society for his work on the " Historical Catalogue." 1911, November 29. The i62nd Anniversary of The St. Andrew's Society was held this date at the Bellevue-Strat- f ord. One hundred and twenty members and guests present. The fine standards of the Society, with the sword of General Hugh Mercer, were carried into the dining-room by the guard of honor. Dr. S. Weir Mitchell presided at the opening and after an interesting talk on Robert Burns, introduced as the President elect Mr. John Gordon Gray, who ably presented the claims of Scotland to consideration for its many men distinguished in Religion, in the Sciences, in the Arts, in Manufacturing, in Finance, in Prose and Poetry. Rev. Dr. Alexander MacColl, Pastor of 2nd Presby- terian Church, discoursed eloquently on the history of Scotland. Mr. Willis L. Moore, Chief U. S. Weather Bureau, spoke interestingly, and from a different stand-point from others on the conservation of the forests; he believing they had no influence on the rain- fall and that the acres now wooded were needed to produce food for the people. Hon. Dimner Beeber spoke upon " Philadelphia " and in his address eulogized a former President of The St. Andrew's Society, Hon. James Wilson, as one largely in- strumental in shaping the destinies of our country. 26 Extracts from the Minutes 1912, October 31. At the annual meeting held this date at the University Club, the following officers were unani- mously re-elected to serve for the year ending November 30, 1913: JOHN GORDON GRAY President ALEXANDER C. FERGUSSON, JR. Vice-President CALEB J. MILNE, JR. Vice-President BENJAMIN R. HOFFMAN Secretary FREDERICK S. GIGER Treasurer MALCOLM MACFARLAN, M.D. Physician JOHN K. MITCHELL, M.D. Physician REV. JAMES H. LAMB, D.D. Chaplain HON. M. HAMPTON TODD Counsellor LATIMER P. SMITH, ESQ. Counsellor JOHN FERGUSSON Assistant WILLIAM McM. KJERR Assistant JOHN J. S. RODGERS Assistant FREDERICK S. GIGER Assistant HENRY DARRACH Assistant Peter Boyd, Esq., Counsellor, died December 9, 1911, and Latimer P. Smith, Esq., was elected to fill the vacancy. 1912, November 30. The i63rd Anniversary of The St. Andrew's Society was held this date at the Bellevue-Strat- ford, President John Gordon Gray in the chair. Mr. Gray in his preliminary remarks referred to the long and interest- ing record of the Society, its work, and objects. The speakers for the occasion and the sentiments responded to were : " Our Country and its Military Policy," Major-General Leonard Wood, Chief of Staff U. S. Army. " Scotland," Rev. William Muir Auld, Pastor Calvary Presbyterian Church. " Scotland's Great Romancer," Prof. Francis Harvey Green, A.M., Litt.D. " The Religious Influence of Scotland," Rev. Charles Wadsworth, Jr. " Our State and City," Hon. William M. Bunn. 27 Extracts from the Minutes The addresses were all in excellent taste, thoroughly in- teresting, and were listened to intently by the large audience. Scottish songs and the bagpipes by the piper, interspersed during the evening, added interest to the occasion. THE LIBRARY At the stated meeting of The St. Andrew's Society held February 28, 1910, the Secretary stated that the President, Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, had suggested that a collection be made by gift and purchase of Scotch books, especially those relating to local history, manners and customs of Scotland, county histories and kindred works that either are difficult of access or are not to be found in the United States. Thereupon David Milne offered the following Resolution, which was unanimously adopted : Resolved, That the President appoint a Committee of five to be known as " The Library Committee " whose duties shall be to form a Library, increase it from time to time, provide for its care and make regulations for the use of the books therein. The President appointed as the Committee: DAVID MILNE, Chairman PETER BOYD, ESQ. CHARLES E. RONALDSON ROBERT TAITE MCKENZIE, M.D. FREDERICK S. GIGER Later the names of Col. Robert B. Beath, Historiog- rapher, and Prof. John J. Stewart, Librarian of Lehigh University, were added. On May i8th the Committee issued a circular, which after reciting the Resolution under which it was formed, said: " In pursuance of this Resolution we appeal to the members for contributions of either money or books to carry forward the project to success. As it is desired that this shall be a distinctively Scotch Library, we solicit works 28 Extracts from the Minutes on Scotch history, biographies of eminent Scotchmen, maps, volumes of prose, poetry, or fiction ; also Scotch music and songs. " We believe that ours is the first Society to undertake this work in America, and trust that our members will realize its importance and will cordially co-operate. Each book will bear the name of the donor with the date of presentation." Among the first to respond to this appeal was Andrew Carnegie, who made a gift of ten pounds. This and other contributions of money impelled the Committee to have passed a motion to create a fund to be called " The Library Fund," " the principal and interest of which shall be kept apart from the general funds of the Society, all money from whatsoever source received, intended for the Library shall be deposited in said Fund, payments from which shall be made by the Treasurer upon requisition of the Library Committee." In 1911 an engraved bookplate was adopted, designed by J. E. Caldwell & Co. The design is a reproduction of the insignia of the Society with the date of foundation, 1749, in an oval encircled by the inscription, " Library of The St. Andrew's Society of Philadelphia." The number of volumes now exceeds three hundred. Many of them are books of reference valuable to the his- torian, antiquarian, genealogist, and to the student of Scottish literature. Early editions abound and in acquir- ing by purchase books have been selected only that have a recognized permanent worth. The collection is indexed and catalogued and is arranged in multiple cases at the room of the Society in the Brown Building. Many of the im- portant acquisitions have been due to the generosity of members who presented the books from their private libraries; others made liberal gifts of money. Through the influence of Charles E. Ronaldson the Franklin Institute presented thirty-five rare books. The Library has become one of the most important of the possessions of the Society. 29 Extracts from the Minutes INVESTMENTS OF THE ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY September 30, 1913 GENERAL FUND Par Value Phila., Wilmington & Balto. R. R. Co. 4% S. T. Certfs., due 1921 $5,ooo oo Penna. R. R. Company, Reg. 4 l /2% Bond, due 1921 3,ooo oo Phila. & Darby R. R. Co. Coupon 4% First Mortgage Bond, due 1927 500 oo Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf R. R. Co. General Mortgage 5% Coupon Bond, due 1919 2,000 oo Perkiomen R. R. Co. First Series Mortgage 5% Bond, due 1918 1,00000 St. Louis, Iron Mtn. & Southern Ry. Co. Equipment 5% Gold Bond, Series I, due 1917 2,000 oo Reading Company and the Phila. & Reading Coal & Iron Co. Gen. Mortg. 4% Coupon Bond, due 1997 1,000 oo Real Estate Title Ins. and Trust Co. Mortgage Trust 4% Certificates, Series N, Registered 500 oo New York, Philadelphia & Norfolk R. R. Co. 4% First Mort- gage Coupon Bonds, due 1939 1,500 oo Sixty Shares Penna. R. R. Co. Stock 3,ooo oo Seven Shares Phila. Nat. Bank Stock 700 oo Ten Shares Lehigh Coal & Nav. Co. Stock 500 oo Mortgage J. A. Cavanagh, premises 1513 North St., 5%, due Dec. 29, 1905 1,500 oo Deposit in Philadelphia Savings Fund 771 54 $22,971 54 SUPPER FUND Par Value Real Estate Title Ins. & Trust Co. Mortgage Trust 4% Certfs., Series P and N $2,500 oo Perkiomen R. R. Co. 1st Series s% Mtg. Bond, due 1918 100 oo Reading Company and the Phila & Reading Coal & Iron Co. Gen. Mortg. 4% Coupon Bond, due 1997 3,ooo oo Phila., Wilmington & Balto. R. R. Co. 4% S. T. Certfs., due 1921 1,00000 Mortgage Chas. O'Neil, Jr., premises 924 N. nth St 2,500 oo New York, Phila. & Norfolk R. R. Co. 4% 1st Mortgage Bonds, due 1939 2,500 oo 30 Extracts from the Minutes Par Value Chicago & N. W. R. R. Co. Equipment Trust 4%% Bonds due July i, 1942 2,000 oo City of Philadelphia 4% Loan, registered, due 1939 500 oo Deposit in Western Saving Fund 706 95 14,806 95 LEGACIES 1829 William McKenzie $1,000 General Fund 1874 Charles Macalester 1,000 Supper Fund 1879 John L. Neill 500 General Fund 1910 Craig D. Ritchie 2,000 ( Payable Later) MEMBERSHIP Honorary Members 3 Active Members 192 Active Life Members 40 Minor Life Members 7 242 Admitted during Year 191 1-1912 1 1 Died 19 NOTES OF SPECIAL SERMONS Preached by the Chaplain of THE ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY REV. JAMES H. LAMB, D.D. Rector, Old St. David's P. E. Church Radnor, Penna. IN ST. STEPHEN'S CHURCH, PHILADELPHIA, PA., ON THE AFTERNOON OF APRIL 14, 1907. THE Chaplain preached for the members of our Society, taking for his text St. Luke, xix, 13, " And he called ten servants of his, and gave them ten pounds, and said unto them, Trade ye herewith till I come." There is a peculiar interest in the parable from which the text is taken, because it can be directly connected with the historical event of Archelaus travelling to Rome to obtain from the Emperor the confirmation of the heritage of his kingdom. The command to trade with what God has given us is applicable (as all Christ's words are) to all time. One cannot disregard the command because he may not have received as much as another, and whoever does so brings upon himself the condemnation of the slothful servant. God has given to each one of us at least two gifts, that of will and influence. Through the supreme gift of will, aided by the Holy Spirit, we can mould and shape the in- herent qualities of our nature : curb the unruly passions and govern all immoderate desires, and so build up strong Christ- like characteristics. And by our uprightness of life we may obtain such in- fluence over others as to make them brave in doing right and at the same time thoughtful and kind-hearted, and so make all with whom we come in contact happier and better. The Scotchman's early training teaches him considera- 32 Notes of Special Sermons tion for others. It is a rare thing to find among our people conscienceless men, caring nothing for their fellow-beings and only looking for the gratification of self. Hold fast then to that which was taught you in your infancy. Use your will and influence so as to bless others. Bring the love of God and the love of man to your daily work wherever that may be, and thus, through the proper use of the pounds which God has bestowed upon you, you will not only increase their value, but make the world around you the better because of your positive work for God. IN ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH, WEST PHILADELPHIA, ON NOVEMBER 28, 1909 : " One of His disciples, Andrew, Simon Peter's brother, saith unto Him, There is a lad here who hath five barley loaves and two small fishes : but what are they among so many? " St. John, vi, 8. The frank, artless way in which St. Andrew made an answer to Jesus' question about the disciples' store of food shows at least a half expectancy in his Master's ability to increase the supply. This leads us to inquire somewhat more particularly about this apostle. Our first source of information is the Scriptures, and we learn there that he was a disciple of John the Baptist, and that under his influence and teaching he was led to look for the Coming One. One day, as John saw Jesus approaching, he pointed Him out as the Lamb of God who was to take away the sins of the world. Memorable as this testimony was, it seems to have produced no immediate result On the second day, however, as Jesus passed by, John exclaimed again, " Behold the Lamb of God." These words were too remarkable to be again neglected. An irresistible impulse bade Andrew and another disciple (doubtless St. John) to follow Jesus. As they came near, Jesus turned and asked them, "What seek ye?" They did not answer Him at once. But at length they said, " Rabbi, where art thou stay- 33 Notes of Special Sermons ing?" Jesus bade them come and see. They went with Jesus and stayed there that day. Before they left they felt in their hearts that the Kingdom of Heaven had come, that the hopes of long centuries were fulfilled, and that they were in the presence of Him who was the desire of all nations. The first thought of Andrew was to seek his brother, Simon, and rejoicingly tell of his great discovery and to bring him to Jesus. Andrew was the first of all the disciples to accept Jesus, and he seems to have been the link of communication between Jesus and the other disciples; beyond this nearness little that is distinctive is told us about him. St. Andrew is the patron saint of Scotland and is greatly reverenced there, although it is not very clear how he came to be chosen as such, but I love to think that he was so chosen because of his love to Jesus and because of his desire when in difficulty to go and tell Jesus. I love to think that St. Andrew was chosen for the patron saint of Scotland because of his love for his brother and his seeking him first of all to tell him of the glad news that the Redeemer had come. I love to think that St. Andrew was chosen the patron saint of Scotland because of the unaffected simplicity of his manner in calling Jesus' attention to the lad who had the five barley loaves and the two small fishes. These and his reliance upon Jesus are characteristics of the Scottish people. It may be that by following their patron saint these characteristics were developed. At any rate, they appealed to the Scottish and are now characteristic of them. Many illustrations might be given of their calling upon God when no way seemed to be open for an escape from an enemy dur- ing the times of persecution, and their strong faith seemed to be always rewarded. It is characteristic of Scottish people to be solicitous for a brother's welfare and, when one has found a blessing, to share it with those who are near and dear to him. St. Andrew is not worshipped in Scotland, but he is held 34 Notes of Special Sermons up as a man who did what he could with what he had. In endeavoring to imitate St. Andrew, many a Scottish boy, by his simple testimony and honest life, has become a con- spicuous power for blessing others, as, for instance, David Livingstone, Thomas Carlyle, Robert Stevenson, and many others who were notable exemplifications of faithfulness and trustworthiness in the positions they occupied, above and beyond that, faithful and true to Jesus Christ. St. Andrew taught the Galilean boy to bring what he had to Christ, who multiplied the gift many times beyond the original amount. St. Andrew brought his brother to Christ, and we may learn from him how to bring men to Christ; to show them His power to save, and how the greatest joy of His life is to bring close to human nature the helping hand of God. May we, through the help of the Holy Spirit, give earnest service to the uplifting and saving of souls by bringing them to Christ, who is never far from any one of us. As the loaves and fishes were increased by Christ's blessing, so shall our efforts be blessed to the bringing in more fully the Kingdom of God and the reign of Christ here upon earth. Try it, and learn how God will bless your efforts for Jesus' sake. SPECIAL SERMON PREACHED BEFORE THE ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY OF PHILADELPHIA IN OLD ST. DAVID'S CHURCH, RADNOR, ON THE AFTERNOON OF APRIL 25, 1909 " For this is our God forever and ever, and He is our guide even unto death. Psalm xlviii, 14. The words of the text show the height and perfectness of the confidence which the manifold mercies of God should produce in human hearts. A literal translation of the text would make this confidence in God much stronger than it now appears in our ordinary Bibles : it would read, " For this is our God forever and ever : He is our guide over and beyond death," i.e., till death to us is over; till we have been led 35 Notes of Special Sermons over death to Resurrection fulness of bliss in God's King- dom beyond. These words have been chosen for our consideration this afternoon because I believe them to be applicable to us who have Scottish blood in our veins, and with that great rever- ence, trust, and confidence in Almighty God. It is usual in Scottish homes faithfully to instruct the children in God's Word and teach them how such a portion was written, and how it was not only applicable to the generation then alive, but helpful to all who should live after them. Scottish children are taught to think more of a knowledge of God's Word and other branches of learning than of worldly name or fame : of truth and honesty between man and man: of fidelity to trust, personal integrity, and honor and pride of race. This last may seem a strange thing to mention, but pride of race is natural in a Scotchman, and when rightly used is a very great help to every one. Pride of race, you will remember, was David Livingstone's inheritance. His poor old ancestor, when dying, called his children around him and said to them, " I have searched diligently through all the traditions of our family and I cannot find one dis- honest man or woman among them. If therefore any of you should take to dishonest ways as you go out into the world, it will not be because it runs in your blood. There- fore, I leave you this precept, * Be honest in all you under- take to do or say.' ' This is our inheritance, my friends : we are of honorable descent and can by our trust in God so remain. Honesty has been thoroughly incorporated into our blood. Yes, not only honesty to man, but to God as well ; for we have been taught not to deprive Him of any portion of that which He claims as a right, of service or of means. Our fathers trusted in God and they were strengthened and supported. We struggle to retain many things con- nected with our forebears, shall we not struggle harder to keep what was to them the dearest possession of all 36 Notes of Special Sermons their religion? Their belief in God's guidance restrained them in their youth; made them strong in their manhood; comforted them in their old age ; closed in peace and radiant hope their dying eyes. We believe in the God of our fathers. We believe in the religion of our fathers. We may take the liberty of expressing our belief in forms suited to the spirit and habits of thought of the age in which we live. We derive our knowledge and inspiration from a study of God's Word. This enables us to see with clearness where the right lies and trust implicitly in God even when times are dark and drear. This trust in God enables one to rise above all earthly troubles, for we know there is something to live for far beyond the mere material things of life, God being our God all through life and even beyond death. After the service, the visitors were conducted by Doctor Lamb and members of the congregation through the burial- ground of the church where so many prominent persons are interred, among them General Anthony Wayne, whose remains were removed from the block-house- at Erie, Pa., where he died, to this place, and where other members of his family are buried. NOTES OF SERMON PREACHED IN OLD ST. DAVID'S CHURCH, RADNOR, ON SUNDAY AFTERNOON, JUNE 16, 1912 " The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom: a good understanding have all they who do His command- ments." Psalm cxi, 10. The term " fear " is used when one is apprehensive or afraid of some evil; but in modern phraseology what has been translated " fear " might more properly have been rendered " reverence." Thus, the text would read that " To reverence the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." It is a fact that as the true nature of God is less and less clearly understood this reverence for the Lord fre- 37 Notes of Special Sermons quently degenerates into a paralyzing sense of terror, but this we are taught is something we must overcome, as, for instance, when Ezekiel saw the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the Lord, he fell upon his face, but immedi- ately he was bidden to stand upon his feet and the Lord would speak to him. St. John tells us that there is no fear in love, but perfect love casteth out fear. He also tells us that he who loveth not knoweth not God : for God is love. He is its author and those who exercise it are spiritually born of Him and have true fellowship with Him. Reverence for the Lord, then, is shown by one's desire to separate himself from everything that would pain or dis- please Him; from everything that would darken the spirit- ual vision or hide God from us. Reverence for God is also shown by a desire to learn all we can about God: by taking special time to study His word, and pressing on at least just as earnestly as one would in the acquisition of any special branch of human knowledge. No one is justified in feeling that God cannot be known, for all along the ages He has revealed Himself to man. At sundry times and in divers manners He revealed Him- self in times past unto the fathers by the prophets, and at length He made Himself known more fully to us through His Blessed Son, Jesus Christ ; by whom He made the worlds and through whom He will save and redeem every soul who in perfect faith and trust turns to Him. When one looks reverently up to God and cries, as the Psalmist did, " My soul is athirst for God, yea, even the living God," God will make Himself known to that soul, and he will be able to say with the Psalmist, " Put thy trust in God ; you will yet thank Him who is the help of your coun- tenance and your God." Yes ! when one resolves to do God's will he shall learn that the doctrine about Him is true. These are the words of Jesus Christ, God's only begotten Son who came to reveal God to us. 38 Notes of Special Sermons No one ever yet earnestly called upon God and strove to do His will, who long remained in ignorance of Him. Indeed it is now scientifically known that no first-rate evidence can be furnished of any tribe of savages who have not some idea of God. Through all recorded history we find that man has believed in God, and that this strong belief has come down to us through the ages. He therefore who lightly says that God 'cannot be known has to explain the instinct and the tradition of the race. That is the feeling after God and the desire to pour out our hearts to Him as Father. And how all along father has handed down to son the belief in a God who cared for men, and how age after age men in their trials have turned to God and asked for His help, and how He has heard their cry and answered it, and they have gone down to their graves believing that He was indeed a real God and mighty Father. This, the experience of life in every generation, has strengthened the experience of the ages. When one, therefore, says, " God cannot be known," he has to explain that tremendous human instinct and traditions which he is ignoring. Be sure, then, that God has not left us desolate. He has given us this instinct of the race and this traditional teaching of the race, but, better still, He has given us a clear Reve- lation of Himself through Jesus Christ, His Son. Every true seeker after God who, like Abraham, is will- ing to sacrifice his surroundings and to take trouble and pains to know God shall assuredly find Him. In every stage of life there is an opportunity to learn more of God and of our duty to Him. Every one who is striving earnestly to have actual communication with God through Christ Jesus, shall not only find this possible, but shall procure life and strength from Him. The power of the Holy Spirit is as great to-day as when first it came down upon the disciples on the day of Pentecost. Through that power we can know God and have fellowship 39 Notes of Special Sermons with Him and become daily more and more like Christ and thus willingly serve God by serving others. God is con- tinually speaking to each one of us. He is always seeking to guide us in the paths of duty and to draw us nearer to Himself. Let us listen to His voice, and through meditation of His word be growing in knowledge and good understand- ing and be strengthened for every good work. Then shall we know that "Reverence for the Lord is the beginning of wisdom, and that a good understanding have all they who do His commandments." ROBERT AITKEN Member 1774 Printer and publisher of the first edition of the Holy Bible in the English language in America Died July 13, 1802 Biographies of Deceased Members of The St. Andrew's Society of Philadelphia In Alphabetical Order ROBERT AITKEN, member 1 774. A biographical sketch of Mr. Aitken will be found on page 101, " Historical Cata- logue of The St. Andrew's Society" (1907), with brief reference to the fact that he was the publisher of the first copy of the Holy Bible in the English language in this country. The following additional facts will be of interest. In December, 1782, Mr. Aitken advertised, in the Pennsylvania Journal & Weekly Advertiser and in other papers, as follows : ROBERT AITKEN Printer, Book-seller, Binder and Stationer, at Pope's Head on Market Street near the Coffee House has just finished and has now ready for sale a new and very correct edition of THE HOLY BIBLE The serious Christian will be pleased to find that the scarcity of Bibles of which he has so long had reason to complain is now removed, and the patriot will rejoice at the advance in the arts, which has at length produced the First Edition in the English Language ever printed in America. Preceding this, is the report of the committee of Con- gress to whom the memorial of Mr. Aitken relative to his work had been referred ; in brief : That Mr. Aitken has at great expense now finished an American edition of the Holy Scriptures in English, that the committee, after examination, had referred it to the two chaplains of Congress, the Rev. Biographies of Deceased Members William White, D.D. (later the first Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Pennsylvania), and the Rev. George Duflfield, D.D. (pastor of the Pine Street Presbyterian Church). The letter of the Hon. James Duane, chairman of the committee of Congress, in referring the memorial to the clergymen named, said that " Mr. Aitken had undertaken the expensive work at a time when, from the circumstances of the war, an English edition of the Bible could not be imported, nor any opinion formed of how long the obstruc- tion might continue. On this account particularly he deserves applause and encouragement. We therefore wish you, Reverend Gentlemen, to examine the work, and if approved, to give it the sanction of your judgment and the weight of your recommendation." The report thereon of the Reverend Doctors White and Dufneld was dated PHILADELPHIA, ist September, 1782. . . . Having selected and examined a variety of passages throughout the work, we are of the opinion that it is executed with great accuracy as to the sense, and with as few grammatical and typographical errors as could be expected in an undertaking of this magnitude. Being ourselves witnesses of the demand for this invaluable book, we rejoice in the present prospect of a supply, hoping that it will prove as advantageous as it is honorable to the Gentleman who has exerted himself to furnish it, at the evident risque of his private fortune . . . (Signed) WILLIAM WHITE GEORGE DUFFIELD Upon the presentation of this report, the Congress voted, its approval of " the pious and laudable undertaking of Mr. Aitken as subservient to the interest of religion, as well as an instance of the progress of the arts in this country;" and, " being satisfied from the above report of his care and accuracy in the execution of the work, they recommended this edition of the Bible to the inhabitants of the United States, and hereby authorize him to publish this recommen- dation in the manner he shall think proper." Only a few copies of this Bible are now known to be in existence, one of these being the property of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. The title-page reads : 42 jr^QJ ,.,...<> < .< <<<-. I i ..<.<<<<.<<-* r JHOLY BIBLE,} r - 1 Containing the Oto and NEW r 1 TE STAMENTS: * if i Newly tranilatcil out of the V T ORIGINAL TONGUES; 1 I Ami with tnc former j T R A N S L A T I O N S r Diliently eoinpai'fftl and rfvifed. PHILADELPHIA T PRINTEO AMI SOLD BY R. AITtfEN, AT Poet's j HEAD, 1'HHKE IJO(;RS ABO'VK TKK CofFEC r u A , Moi;$f. JN iviA:i)'.Ei STKEET. M . D C C . I. X X X 1 1 . I Title page of Bible published by R. Aitken In the possession of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania Biographies of Deceased Members In the year 1783 the Presbyterian Synod in session in Philadelphia directed that three ministers should be specially charged with the duty of obtaining Bibles and sending them to the most needy districts. They further ordered, " that every member of this body shall use his influence in the congregation under his inspection, and in the vacancies con- tiguous to them, to raise contributions for the purchase of Bibles." And as Mr. Aitken, from laudable motives and with great expense, hath undertaken and executed an elegant impression of the Holy Scriptures, which, on account of the importation of Bibles from Europe, will be very injurious to his temporal circumstances, Synod further agrees that the above Committee shall purchase Bibles of the said impression and no other, and earnestly recommends it to all to purchase such in preference to any other. This, David Walker Woods, in a recent biography of Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon, declares was probably the first protective act passed by any legislative body since the Declaration of Independence, and it is indicative of the temper of the people at the time. While the honor of thus printing the first Bible in America in the English language is accorded Robert Aitken, a member of The St. Andrew's Society and of the Scots' Presbyterian Church, it is proper to note that, over a hun- dred years previously, John Eliot, the Indian apostle, had translated the Psalms of David and other parts of the Scriptures in the Indian tongue, and finally published the Bible complete, the work covering the years from 1663 to 1685. In 1743 Christian Saur, of Germantown, Philadelphia County, published a copy of the New Testament in the German language, and several editions later. This was fol- lowed by the Aitken publication in 1782. Miss Jane Aitken, a daughter, carried on her father's business as printer and bookbinder after his death, which occurred July 13, 1802. 43 Biographies of Deceased Members CAPTAIN JOHN ANGUS, member 1779. Poulson's Ad- vertiser, January 17, 1817, contains the following: Died at Perth Amboy, New Jersey, after a very severe and short illness, John Angus, Esq., in the 6sth year of his age, formerly a citizen of Philadelphia. The distinguished piety of this amiable man will long render his death the subject of unfeigned regret to the Christian society of which he was a zealous member and all others who had the pleasure of his acquaintance. In every relation of life he was estimable and exemplary, a most affectionate husband and tender father, a sincere friend. A firm believer in the truths of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, he loved the ways of righteousness and walked in her path, humbly trusting in that mercy which the Saviour of the world has promised his faithful followers. Sensible of his approaching dissolution, he saw death before him, disarmed of all its terrors, and having given his parting blessing to all around him, he closed his life in charity with all men and with a blessed hope of enjoying a happy immortality. He has left a discon- solate widow and four children to bewail their irreparable loss. Captain Angus moved to Amboy in 1801 and he at once entered into the religious life of the place. His title was earned by service as a mariner in the Revolutionary War. From a book entitled " Presbyterianism in Perth Amboy," the Rev. J. H. Northrup, pastor of the oldest Presbyterian church in that place, has sent the following extract : Captain John Angus was the energetic spirit who breathed life in this movement (to rebuild the old church). He called a meeting of those who Had faith in the project, which was held October I, 1801, when a Committee was chosen to solicit subscriptions, with Captain Angus as Chairman. He appeared before the Presbytery of New York and stated the case; the project was approved and recommended to all Christian people. He donated the lot, and in 1802 the foundation was laid and the church dedicated June 9, 1803. He was reported a tall, broad-shouldered man. Newspapers were then rare, and Captain Angus was a subscriber to one of these, and when his paper was received he appeared with it on the street and gathering a group of eager listeners read to them the news of the day. He died January 10, 1817, and was buried in the cemetery of the church he had done so much to aid. 44 Biographies of Deceased Members JOHN BAINE, member 1790, was born in St. Andrews, Scotland. He and Dr. Alexander Wilson established the first type-foundry in Scotland, in 1742, in Glasgow. The partnership was dissolved in 1749, and Baine established a type-foundry in London, which he removed to Edinburgh in 1768. In 1787 the firm name of " John Baine and Grand- son in Co." appeared, and in that year they removed their type-foundry to Philadelphia. Here, according to Isaiah Thomas' History of Printing, they found full employment and had a good reputation as letter- founders, until John Baine died, in 1790.* This may be an error as to the date of his death, as Mr. Baine is recorded as elected a member of The St. Andrew's Society, November 30, 1790. They cast the types for a portion of the " Encyclopaedia Britan- nica," which was reprinted in Philadelphia by Thomas Dobson, member 1791. History does not record what be- came of the business after that date, but Thomas says that a grandson died in Augusta, Georgia, in 1799. In the earlier ledgers of Binny & Ronaldson, type-founders, both members of this Society, it is recorded that, in 1799, they paid $300 for type-founding appliances owned by J. Baine. There is ground for believing that Binny was connected with the letter-foundry of the Baines before he commenced busi- ness in 1796. (See ARCHIBALD BINNY.) In the preface of the 1816 type-specimens of the foundry established by Binny & Ronaldson, it is stated that the specimen issued by them in 1812 represented the labor of twenty-five years, which brings Binny's work back to 1 787, the year the Baines arrived in Philadelphia. Descendants of Archibald Binny have stated that he was in business alone before he entered into partnership with James Ronaldson in 1796. It is pos- sible that he may have continued the Baine business after the death of John Baine and may have acquired the major part * Mr. Baine's signature is on the application for a Charter for The St. Andrew's Society, dated April 6, 1791. We have also entries of dues paid by John Baine 1795, 1796, 1797, probably the son referred to as one of the name was elected a member Nov. 30, 1795. 45 Biographies of Deceased Members of the Baine equipment. . . . [Henry L. Bullen, Librarian, Typographic Library and Museum, Jersey City, N.J.] ROBERT L. BALD, member 1847. At a special meeting of The St. Andrew's Society held July 27th, 1853, the following resolutions were adopted: Resolved, That the Society deeply regrets the loss it has sustained by the premature death of its valued fellow-member Robert L. Bald. Resolved, That Mr. Bald is entitled by his pure moral and social character and his great skill in his difficult business to the most marked expression of the sense of loss to ourselves and the community, occa- sioned by his decease. Resolved, That we deeply sympathize with his venerable father, one of our oldest and most honored members, and with his afflicted family. Resolved, That Doctor John K. Mitchell, William Struthers and George Young be a committee to convey to the family the above resolutions. GEORGE BARTRAM, SENIOR, member 1765, Assistant 1769-70, Treasurer 1771. George Bartram, a native of Scotland, briefly referred to on page 108, volume I, " Historical Catalogue," as active in public affairs in Philadelphia, civil, political, and mili- tary, was married in 1764 to Ann, daughter of John Bartram the famous botanist. This lady survived her hus- band nearly forty-eight years. She died February 16, 1824. In 1765, when Mr. Bartram joined The St. Andrew's Society, he was engaged in business as a cloth merchant at the " Sign of the Golden Fleeces Head," Second Street below Carter's Alley, advertising here the " Best Scotch Plaids for gentlemen's gowns and boys' Highland dress; Scotch white and colored threads, etc., etc." Although his brother Alexander (member 1765) was a rank Tory, George signed the Non-Importation Agreement of October 25, 1765, and was named as one of a committee to see that the resolutions were carried into effect. When the British entered Philadelphia in 1777, George 46 Biographies of Deceased Members Bartram, with many others, was compelled to leave the city, and located in Lancaster. It was later stated in Hazard's Register that Mr. Bartram while at Lancaster took cold, which caused his death in his forty-third year, April 24, 1777, and that he was buried in front of the Episcopal Church ; a neat slab on the pavement marks the spot where his remains are deposited. Only one child was born to George and Ann (nee) Bartram, a son, George, referred to following. GENERAL GEORGE BARTRAM, JR., member 1788, was a son of George Bartram, member 1765, and Ann, his wife, referred to above. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1 783. For nearly half a century he was active in the councils of the then Democratic party and prominent in the official and social life of Philadelphia. In 1788, just after attaining his majority, he joined The St. Andrew's Society. In 1805 he was a leader of the faction known as " Friends of the People," organized in opposition to the " Constitutional Republicans." In 1807 he was a member of the " Com- mittee of Correspondence " appointed to take action on the " Chesapeake affair," when war with England seemed immi- nent. In 1810 he was one of the organizers of the " Whig Society of Pennsylvania," which opposed the Democratic faction led by Governor Snyder. At this time he was a member of the Select Council, of which body he was presi- dent from October, 1809, to October, 1811. He was like- wise, at this period, " father of the council " of the famous Tammany Society which at times, to a considerable extent dominated local politics in Philadelphia. He was appointed, July 14, 1812, commissioner of insolvents, under the act of March 13, 1812, which office, however was abolished at the close of that year. On April 30, 1813, he was com- missioned alderman, a post held by him for many years. He was active in military affairs, being, during the war of 1812, lieutenant-colonel of the Fiftieth Regiment of State 47 Biographies of Deceased Members militia. In July, 1814, he succeeded General Wharton in command of the First Brigade, though he held this position but a short time and General Thomas Cadwalader succeeded him. His death occurred May 8, 1840, then in his seventy-third year. From his will, proven May n, 1840, he appears to have left no issue. GENERAL HENRY HARRISON BINGHAM, Life member 1869. Born in Philadelphia, December 4, 1841, and died in that city, March 23, 1912. James Bingham, the father of General Bingham, was born in Donegal, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, of direct Scotch descent. He became engaged in forwarding freight and merchandise in Philadelphia and was the senior member of the firm of Bingham & Dock, whose business ramifications in the early days of railroad transportation extended to every section of the country. The mother of General Bingham, Ann Shiller Bingham, was born in Mount Joy, Penna. His grandmother, Mar- garet Cameron, was a cousin of General Simon Cameron. General Bingham was educated at Jefferson College, now Washington and Jefferson, at Canonsburg, Penna., and later received from that college the degrees of A.B., A.M., and LL.D. He had scarcely received his diploma at the outbreak of the Civil War when, without returning home, he organized from the college and its vicinity a company of infantry, and, with the professor of mathematics in command, Bingham was chosen first lieutenant. This company was attached to the i4Oth Regiment Penna. Infantry as Company G, and on September 9, 1862, Lieutenant Bingham was com- missioned captain. He was relieved from duty with his company April 26, 1863, and appointed Judge Advocate of the ist Division, Second Army Corps, and later Judge Advocate of the corps, with the rank of major, serving under Major-General Win- 48 GENERAL HENRY HARRISON BINGHAM Member 1869 Died March 23, 1912 Biographies of Deceased Members field S. Hancock, who specially recommended Bingham for promotion. General Bingham participated in all the battles of his Corps, and was commended for promotion as brevet-major U. S. volunteers, August i, 1864, " for good conduct and conspicuous gallantry, especially at the Wilderness, Spotsyl- vania, and Gettysburg," and on April 9, 1865, was brevetted lieutenant-colonel, " for highly meritorious services during the recent campaign terminating with the surrender of the insurgent army," and again, as colonel and brevet brigadier- general, " for conspicuous gallantry and meritorious ser- vices during the war." General Bingham was further honored in the military service as a recipient of the Congressional Medal of Honor, " for having rallied and led into action a portion of the troops who had given way under the fierce assaults of the enemy at the Battle of the Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864." At Spotsylvania, though serving on the staff, he voluntarily took part with his regiment in the assault and was there wounded, and was again wounded at Gettysburg. In April, 1865, General Bingham was appointed Judge Advocate of the Middle Military Department, embracing the States of Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, and Delaware, which position he retained until July, 1866, when he resigned. Few men had a more active or more honorable military record than General Bingham. After his muster-out from the service, he was appointed chief clerk, Philadelphia post-office, and later became post- master. In this position he showed fine executive ability. He was reappointed under President Grant, and resigned as postmaster December i, 1872, to enter upon the duties of clerk of the Courts of Quarter Sessions, to which position he had been elected in October. He was re-elected in 1876, and in 1878 was elected member of Congress from the First Congressional District, and was so serving when he died, being then the oldest member of the national House of Representatives in continuous service. 49 Biographies of Deceased Members He served as delegate at each of the Republican National Conventions from 1876 to 1904. General Bingham was married February 3, 1874, to Miss Mary H. Alexander, a daughter of Judge Alexander of Baltimore. He was a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, the Union League of Philadelphia, the Art and other clubs; a charter member of George G. Meade Post, No. I, Grand Army of the Republic, and served one term as its commander. General Bingham was noted for personal neatness in dress, was characteristically affable and courteous, and, until afflicted with ill health for several years before his death, attended actively to his duties as a member of Con- gress, serving upon important committees. He was a talented speaker, and was the orator for Pennsylvania Day at Gettysburg, where more than eighty monuments were transferred to the Battle-field Association, and on June 5, 1896, he delivered an eloquent oration at the dedication of the equestrian statue of General Hancock at Gettysburg. ARCHIBALD BINNY, member 1807, was born in Porto- Bello, near Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1763. He came to Philadelphia in 1793, and three years later entered into partnership in the type-founding business with James Ronaldson, member 1795, whose biography is recorded in the first volume, " Historical Catalogue, St. Andrew's Society," 1907. There is no very precise information concerning the activities of Mr. Binny prior to 1796. He had learned the type-founding art very thoroughly and had accumulated type-founding appliances valued at $888.80, but where and how has not been disclosed. A discussion of the various contradictory statements would be interesting only to those belonging to the typographic art and need not be taken up here. (See JOHN BAINE.) He most probably learned his business in Scotland, where in the latter part of the So ARCHIBALD BINNY Member 1807 (Firm of Binny & Ronaldson, Type founders) Died at Porto Bello, Md., April 25, 1838 Biographies of Deceased Members eighteenth century the art of letter- founding began to achieve an eminence superior to that in other countries, and con- tinuing for over fifty years, until the best Scottish letter- foundries found their way, one by one, to the United States. He most probably arrived in Philadelphia in 1795. The important matter is that the business of Binny & Ronaldson prospered in a great degree. They had no com- petition until 1810. They purchased all the type- founding equipments that had preceded them in America. They cast in 1797 the first $ sign used in this country. In an address to the printers of the United States, by James Ronaldson, issued a few months after Mr. Binny's withdrawal, he says of Binny: "On laying before you the following specimens, so much the product of his genius and labor, it is due to his character and talents to state, as my humble opinion, that the letter-foundry owes more of its improvement and simplification to him than to any other individual since its invention; and the difficulties incident to transferring this business to America will not be duly appreciated but by having in mind that at least seven prior establishments had failed." The sale of foreign-made types ceased shortly after Binny & Ronaldson opened their type- foundry, and the quality and art of the American product was in no wise inferior to the European. In fact, it was not long before America took that lead in the type- founding art which it retains in the present time. Archibald Binny invented and patented three improvements in type moulds, which materially increased the product of each caster. These patents were issued to him on January 29 and February 4, 1811, and May 17, 1814. In August, 1815, Mr. Binny retired from the type- founding business, in which he had accumulated a liberal fortune, receiving for his interest the sum of $62,000, as is shown by a deed of partition in the possession of the Typographic Library and Museum in Jersey City. His financial prosperity is further disclosed by the fact that he Biographies of Deceased Members loaned the United States Government the sum of $50,000 for its use in the war of 1812-15. After his retirement he purchased an estate in St. Mary's County, Maryland, on the bank of the St. Mary's River near its confluence with the Potomac. It covered an area of originally over 5000 acres, which was reduced, probably by sales, to 1214 acres. He erected a sulphur-mill, a grist-mill, and a cotton- factory, and raised tobacco, corn, and wheat, employing the labor of some fifty slaves. The residence " Porto-Bello," named after his birth- place, is still there, very spacious, and one of the handsomest mansions on the banks of the Potomac River. There Archi- bald Binny entertained many distinguished guests, among them General Lafayette and President Andrew Jackson. Lafayette presented him with one of the fifty famous Wash- ington picture pitchers which he had brought with him from France. There were two busts of Andrew Jackson at the entrance to the grounds. Archibald Binny was a well-read man, with all the characteristics which compel success, while retaining the respect and good will of his associates. Mr. Binny died at Porto-Bello, April 25, 1838, in his seventy-fifth year. His body is interred in Trinity Episcopal church-yard, St. Mary's City. It may be noted here that in 1823 James Ronaldson re- tired also with an ample fortune. The Philadelphia Type- foundry kept pace with the growth of the country, and in the seventies of the last century achieved the distinction of being not only the best but the most extensive letter-foundry in the world. It was best known later, perhaps, as Mac- Kellar, Smiths and Jordan's, on Sansom Street near Sixth Street. Thomas MacKellar was also an active member of The St. Andrew's Society. When the Curtis Publishing Company purchased the land and building in 1909, as part of the site for its new building, the first successful type- foundry in America was removed to Jersey City, N. J. Archibald Binny was twice married. By his first wife, 52 Biographies of Deceased Members who died in 1796, he had a son, John, who followed his father's occupation and ultimately established a small busi- ness of his own in Philadelphia. By his second wife, Char- lotte, daughter of Michael and Susan Beasley Prager, of Philadelphia, he had eleven children, five of whom were born in St. Mary's. They were Charles, Archibald, James Ronaldson (a civil engineer and architect), Andrew Jackson, who made a fortune in railroad building and is now (1910) living in Berkeley, California, Louisa (who married Pro- fessor William Wagner, afterward founder of the Wagner Free Institute of Philadelphia), Susan (who married Rev. R. H. B. Mitchell, an Episcopalian clergyman of Maryland), Catherine (who married Captain Richard Shippen, son of Dr. Edward Shippen and grandson of Chief- Justice Shippen of Pennsylvania), Marion (who married a merchant of San Francisco), Elizabeth (who married James H. Ogilvie, formerly of the firm of Ogilvie & Binney of Philadelphia, and from 1884 to 1901 vice-president of the Union Trust Company of New York City), Harriet (single), and Char- lotte, who lived to the age of fifteen. The other surviving grandchildren of Archibald Binny are Mrs. Charlotte Binney Atkins, Montclair, New Jersey; Mrs. Mary Ogilvie Barker, Plainfield, N. J. ; Francis Binney and Phoebe Marion Binney, Berkeley, California. The portrait printed here is from an oil painting in the possession of a granddaughter, Mrs. Mary Ogilvie Barker. Another granddaughter, Mrs. Charlotte Binney Atkins, has presented the Society with photographs of a medal by Furst in honor of Archibald Binny and the Philadelphia Type- foundry, and a photograph of a silver communion service made from the silver plate of her grandfather, which was presented to Christ Church of Philadelphia, on St. Andrew's Day, November 30, 1875. On each piece there is the inscrip- tion " To the glory of God and in memory of Archibald and Charlotte Binney, Christ Church, for the use of the parish, St. Andrew's Day, 1875." The descendants spell the name " Binney," and in the ledgers of Binny & Ronald- 53 Biographies of Deceased Members son the name is spelled both ways. [Henry L. Bullen, Librarian, Typographic Library and Museum, Jersey City, N.J.] JAMES BLACKIE, member 1840. Born November 12, 1800, at Kelso, Scotland, and there learned the trade of a stone-cutter. He married Dorothy Smith at the Berwick Church, Berwick-on-the-Tweed, Scotland, February 17, 1822. They had the following children, viz. : John, Mary Ann, George S., Elizabeth D. S., and Dorothea. The family came to Philadelphia from Scotland in 1830 or 1831, except the last-named child, Dorothea, who was born in Philadel- phia in 1832 and who still resides in that city, the only survivor. His wife, Dorothea Smith Blackie, died in Philadelphia, August i, 1842. He remarried, and died at Quincy, Massa- chusetts, February 18, 1854. RALPH BOWIE, ESQ., member 1786. Mr. Bowie was one of the brightest lights at the bar in the closing decade of the 1 8th century. He was born, bred, and educated in Scot- land, and was said to have been admitted to the bar in his native land before emigrating to this country. His residence at York ( Penna. ) covered a period prolific of cases growing out of land titles, often involving intricate questions and the application of legal principles to facts and conditions for which no precedent was found. It was in cases in this line that he made his greatest reputation, and his learning and experience and counsel in this behalf were much sought after, not only in York, but in Lancaster, Cum- berland, and more distant counties. He is referred to by an early writer as having had but few equals in this State. With queue bearing evidence of assiduous attention, conti- nental knee-breeches and buckled shoes, and handsome face and figure, accompanied by a gentle grace and dignity which he never permitted to forsake him, he was a conspicuous type 54 Biographies of Deceased Members of the country barrister of his day. He wrote an excellent business hand and was a fair representative of that estimable class of our ancestors known as gentlemen of the old school. He was possessed of very extensive legal learning, sec- onded by a good judgment and a penetration unceasingly active and uncommonly acute. His talents and exertions rose above their usual elevation when he advocated the cause of the widow, the orphan, the poor, and the oppressed. The cause of humanity was one he most delighted to defend. He was a sincere believer in the Christian religion, of which he had made public profession for many years. In private life he was liberal without parade, charitable without ostentation, and scrupulously just in all his dealings. In domestic life, he was an affectionate husband and parent; sincerity characterized his friendships and urbanity his social intercourse. He died in York, October 22, 1816, being then about sixty years of age. On the Treasurer's books for November 30, 1787, it is noted that Mr. Bowie had paid five pounds and " gone to Europe," no doubt on a visit to his birthplace. [Geo. R. Prowell's History of York County, Poulson's Advertiser, November 2, 1816, et a/.] MALCOLM PETER BOYD, Life member 1905, Minor class. Son of Peter Boyd, Esq., former President of The St. Andrew's Society, and Martha Prescott Crittenden Boyd. He was born in Philadelphia February 13, 1893, an d died at his father's home in that city April 16, 1909. He was admitted as a Life member of The St. Andrew's Society under the rules as to minor sons of members, and it was hoped that he would, on obtaining his majority, become as, active in the Society as his father. He was taught privately at his home and then attended the Blight School at 22iid and Pine Streets, where he remained until 1907, when he entered the Lawrenceville, N. J., School, in which he was a pupil at the time of his 55 Biographies of Deceased Members death. At the entrance examination he took high honors in Greek and Latin. The St. Andrew's Society, in appropriate resolutions passed when his death was reported, said, " that in his death the Society feels that it has lost a young member of great promise, whose record as a manly, courteous, Christian boy endeared him to all who knew him, and won for him the confidence and esteem of his classmates and associates." PETER BOYD, ESQ., Life member 1880. The following minute, prepared by the President, John Gordon Gray, was read and unanimously adopted by a rising vote at the Quarterly Meeting, February 29, 1912 : Peter Boyd was born in Scotland in 1854 and came to Philadelphia with his parents in early childhood. Educated in the public schools, his manifest bent toward a profession led to his entrance into the Law School of the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated. He was admitted to the bar in 1876, and at once commenced the practice of his profession, in which he soon gained a recognized place. He joined The St. Andrew's Society August 31, 1880, and was elected Counsellor 1890 to 1894, when he became Secretary 1895-1899, Vice-President 1900-1903, and President 1904-1905. On retiring as President, he was again elected Counsellor and was so serving at the time of his death. From the first his interest in the Society partook of the nature of an enthusiasm. As Secretary he was steady in his attendance at the meetings and indefatigable in his work for the Society's benefit. He made its affairs part of his office system, and was exceedingly jealous of its honor and reputation, extending its influence and adding to its mem- bership. As President he maintained the high traditions of the Society and was an able and dignified presiding officer. Mr. Boyd was a member of the Presbyterian Church, in which he took an active interest. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, in which he had many friends and to 56 PETER BOYD, ESQ. Member 1880 President 1904-1905 Counsellor 1906-1911 Died December 9, 1911 Biographies of Deceased Members whose work he contributed. And he was an active member of the Union League, serving on various committees. His legal position, known probity and sagacity, and numerous affiliations brought him many valuable trustee- ships, and, becoming counsel for a trust company, he was, on the death of its president, induced to accept the presi- dency of that company for himself. Inheriting in its man- agement a system and conditions from which it was found impossible to escape, he bore the burden of the company for a number of years, until, at its collapse, he sank under the weight, dying on the afternoon of December 9, 1911. He was three times married. Such in brief outline is the story of a singularly vivid and active life. Peter Boyd possessed much of what is usually called personal magnetism. Somewhat under the middle height, his erect and manly form, striking head and face, and easy manner made him everywhere a noticeable figure. Gifted with a strong and masculine understanding, which he had cultivated by considerable reading and study, and possessing wit and humor, he was welcome in any circle of men and easily held his own in any company. He was well read in the history of Scotland and of the United States, and, at the quarterly meetings and the annual dinners of The St. An- drew's Society, made many interesting and eloquent addresses. At the Union League, where he made one of a coterie largely composed of men of Scottish descent, he was very much at home, and there, with his chosen associates, in his moments of smiling relaxation, he showed his most attractive side. In the councils of the political party to which he gave his allegiance he had a voice and influence, and in times of political contest was often heard on the platform. In all the relations of life, and in his case a many-sided life, whether as member of the bar, member of his church, officer of The St. Andrew's Society, Mason, member of the Union League, public-spirited citizen, he easily took and held a conspicuous place. And when he 57 Biographies of Deceased Members passed to his account, although he might have been deemed to have reached that time of life when middle age lay behind him, yet he impressed his associates not as one who had fin- ished his career but as one who had possibilities of usefulness and distinction yet beyond him, so that his death, coming when it did, seemed the abrupt and untimely ending of a life whose principal expression still lay in the future. That in a great and conservative city like Philadelphia, Peter Boyd, without adventitious aids of any kind, should have taken and held the position which he occupied is at once the measure and the proof of his ability and worth. And the affectionate regard in which he was held by his friends was amply shown by the unusual gathering and demonstration which, accompanied the last rites paid to him. WILLIAM BROCKIE, member 1900. The son of William Brockie, member 1869, who was born in Edinburgh and, after being educated in that city, entered the large shipping firm of Richardson, Spence & Co., at Liverpool. There his son William was born, June 28, 1864, an d in the year following the father came to Philadelphia as agent of the Dominion Line of steamships. His son, after attending the public schools, entered the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1885. After the death of his father, in 1890, Mr. Brockie car- ried on the business under the firm name of Brockie & Welsh, until he entered the firm of Johnson & Higgins, average adjusters and insurance brokers. When that firm was incor- porated in 1899, Mr. Brockie was elected vice-president and removed to New York. At the time of his death he was president of that corporation. Mr. Brockie was a member of a number of leading clubs in Philadelphia, was especially interested in athletic matters, and represented the Germantown Cricket Club on a team which visited England some years ago. Prior to his removal to New York he was a vestry-man in the Protestant Episcopal Church of the Ascension. 58 REV. DUNCAN McLENNAN BUCHANAN Member 1901 Died in Baltimore, Md., March 12, 1908 Biographies of Deceased Members His charming personality made for him hosts of friends, and his great business ability commanded the confidence of all with whom he was associated. He was survived by his wife, who before her marriage was Miss Agnes Morgan (a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. W. C. Morgan), and two daughters. REV. DUNCAN MCLENNAN BUCHANAN, member 1901. Born in Elmira, Illinois, February 3, 1861. Died in Baltimore, Maryland, March 13, 1908, and was buried in Loudon Park Cemetery of that city. He was the son of Alexander Buchanan of Jeantown, Ross-shire, and his mother, Mary (McLennan), was a native of Conligan, Loch Carron, both in the Highlands of Scot- land. His descent on both the paternal and maternal sides traced back through many generations of noted Highland families. Many of them were ministers of God. After attending the high school at Kewanee, Illinois, Mr. Buchanan spent one year in Knox Academy in prepara- tion for the ministry. He was graduated from Knox Col- lege in June, 1886, and from the Union Theological Semi- nary in May, 1889. He was licensed to preach April 9, 1889, and ordained by the Presbytery of Nassau, New York, June 6, 1889. He served as pastor of the church at Ocean Side, Long Island, until 1891. In September, 1891, he was called to the First Presbyterian Church, Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania, and in- stalled as its pastor November i, which was an anniversary of the organization of the First Church. He was its pastor until September, 1902, nearly eleven years, in which time he did a marvellous work for the cause of Christ and his fellow-men. By his kindly ministrations and genial disposi- tion he endeared himself to every one in Mauch Chunk. His work there was of inestimable value, and the touch of his life will long be felt. In September, 1902, he was called to the pastorate of the Lafayette Square Presbyterian Church, Baltimore, one of 59 Biographies of Deceased Members the largest and most important churches in that city. During his pastorate he largely aided in building up that church in every particular. He took an active part in the church life of Baltimore and was held in very high esteem by his fellow-members of the Presbytery. He was conducting a two-weeks' series of evangelistic meetings when he was stricken with the fatal illness. He took a great interest in literature and was a well-read man. He was the author of a book entitled " Historic America " and a leaflet " About 3 Minutes ago," which was published by the American Tract Society. On April 24, 1894, during his pastorate at Mauch Chunk, Mr. Buchanan married Miss Isabella Margaret McLennan, who was also descended from an old Highland family from the vicinity of Ben Nevis. At the Anniversary of The St. Andrew's Society in Philadelphia in 1902, Mr. Buchanan was the orator, with " Scotland " as his theme, and his eloquent, impressive, and instructive address was a feature of the evening. ROBERT BUIST, JR., member May 31, 1875. Mr. Buist was born in Philadelphia, September 15, 1837, the son of Robert Buist, florist, referred to in volume one, " Historical Catalogue, St. Andrew's Society." Mr. Buist learned the business under his father, who was one of the noted florists of his time, in fact, a leader in every branch of horticulture. His son Robert entered into business on his own account when eighteen years of age and succeeded so well that in two years he had paid back the large sum of money advanced by his father for that purpose. When Robert Buist, Sr., retired on a well-earned com- petence, his son bought out the business and later organized the firm of Robert Buist Company, at the head of which Mr. Buist continued until his death. In 1861 he married Miss Hermenia Mathieu, who died some four years prior to Mr. Buist's decease. Their chil- dren are all dead. 60 Biographies of Deceased Members Mr. Buist died in Philadelphia, December 13, 1910. He was a member of the Union League, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and the Merion Cricket Club. FRANK BURNS, member 1900. Mr. Burns was born in Philadelphia, April 6, 1844, and died in that city March n, 1913. He was a son of Charles Marquedant Burns and his wife Eliza Van Dyke Roussean. His great-grandfather, Peter Burns, came from Scotland to America about 1740. Mr. Burns attended classes at the Episcopal Academy and at the University of Pennsylvania when located on Ninth Street, leaving at the close of the Junior year (Class of '62). Soon after he enlisted in the Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, known as the Anderson Troop. After his dis- charge from the service, he was for a time in business in New York and afterward in Philadelphia. In August, 1892, Mr. Burns entered the service of the City of Philadelphia in the Bureau of Surveys, being assigned to draughting work in the bridge division. From that time until the general break-down of his health in the latter part of 1912 more than twenty years he was steadily engaged in this particular class of work. He was an architectural draughtsman and, before engaging with the city, was connected with a number of steel and iron companies, and had also been a manufacturer of iron rail- ings. When he entered the city service, his employment with these firms and the consequent experience gained was of much value to the city. He designed the railings and other ornamental iron structures used in bridge construction, and his architectural knowledge and artistic perception were of great advantage in the progress of the work of designing. Many notable bridges such as the bridge over the Schuylkill at Gray's Ferry, the widening of Chestnut Street bridge and its approaches, and the great concrete span over the Wissahickon at Walnut Lane, for which he made the original design were built by the city during Mr. Burns's long connection with the draughting division, and in all 61 Biographies of Deceased Members these structures his particular branch of designing was car- ried on with fidelity to the interest of the municipality and to the utmost of his ability. Mr. Burns was endowed by nature with a love for his fellow-man, ever ready and willing to do each one a service if it lay in his power. Always in good spirits, loved and respected by all, he had a most abundant sense of humor, and was always ready to hear and tell a good story. Even when, toward the close, he was confined to his room, he was still cheery and bright, interested in all the happenings among the " boys." With brave heart and dauntless spirit he met the future as he had faced his every-day lot. He was not married. A brother, Charles M. Burns, is a Life member of The St. Andrew's Society. Mr. Burns was a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, the Naval Order of the United States, the Alumni Society of the University of Pennsylvania, and the Engineers' Club of Philadelphia. DR. ROBERT BRUCE BURNS, member 1882, Physician 1884-1896. Dr. Burns was born in Frankford, Philadel- phia, May 5, 1815, and died June 15, 1912, at Atlantic City, N. J., where he had been residing during his illness. His father, Doctor Robert Burns, became a member of The St. Andrew's Society in 1856, and, after serving as Physician of the Society for many years, was elected Vice- president in 1880 and was so serving at the time of his death. He was an earnest and influential member. His son, Robert Bruce, was graduated from the public schools and then studied medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, and began practice before he was twenty-one years of age. He soon gained the confidence of the com- munity where he lived and built up a large and growing practice, to which he devoted himself with unusual ability and skill of a very high order. While the practice of Doctor Burns was of a general character, he had the reputation of 62 ROBERT BRUCE BURNS, M.D. Member 1882 Physician 1884-1906 Died June 15, 1912 Biographies of Deceased Members being a very skilful surgeon and this gave him a wide range of experience. While testifying in a case in court, Doctor Burns was stricken with paralysis and was at once removed to the Pennsylvania Hospital, was then taken home, and later to Atlantic City, where he died. He was a member of the American Medical Association and the Philadelphia County Medical Society. He was a member of Frankford Lodge, No. 292, F. and A. M., and of Siloam Royal Arch Masons. He served as Physician of The St. Andrew's Society 1884-1896. The funeral services were conducted in St. Luke's Re- formed Episcopal Church, Frankford, of which he was a member. The rector, Rev. William A. Freemantle, in clos- ing his remarks upon the life of Doctor Burns, said, he could "say of him, from personal knowledge, that he steeped his mind and heart in the truths of God's word, and that he faced the crisis of his life and did all his work in the spirit of true prayerfulness." A memorial to Doctor Burns in St. Luke's Church, Frankford, consisting of a carved oak pulpit, prayer desk and brass lantern is inscribed: To the Glory of God and In Loving Memory of ROBERT BRUCE BURNS, M.D. 1851-1912 " He Being Dead yet Speaketh " " The Beloved Physician " " The Memory of the Just is Blessed " JAMES CARSTAIRS, member 1813, second son of Thomas and Margaret (Hood) Carstairs, referred to following, was born in Philadelphia, December 9, 1789, and died in that city February 3, 1875, in his eighty-sixth year. He was for many years cashier of the Mechanics' Bank of Phila- delphia and was noted for his courtesy and business tact. 63 Biographies of Deceased Members About the year 1834 he engaged in business as a wholesale grocer and ship-chandler on Delaware Avenue above South Street, where he had a large and profitable business. He was an upright business man of wide acquaintance and in good repute, a consistent Christian, and a useful citizen. He gave much of his time to philanthropic objects, being for many years president of the South wark Benevolent Society. During the greater part of his adult life he was a member of the board of directors of the public schools and filled other positions of public trust. Mr. Carstairs married, on March 25, 1815, Sarah Britton Summers, daughter of Andrew Summers, a wealthy banker of Philadelphia and an intimate friend of Robert Morris, the " financier of the Revolution," and his wife Helen Stewart, sister of Rear Admiral Charles Stewart, U. S. N. They had issue, six sons and two daughters. Robert, the youngest son, born in 1841, was killed at the Battle of Fair Oaks, Virginia, May 31, 1862. Mr. John Haseltine Carstairs, member 1909, is in direct descent from the above family. THOMAS CARSTAIRS, member 1786. He was the young- est son of David and Margaret (Fair) Carstairs, of the parish of Largo, Fifeshire, Scotland, where their five chil- dren were born. They were descended from an old Fife- shire family ; one was an elder of the church of St. Andrew's in 1652, closely related to the Reverend John Carstairs, of Lanarkshire, a member of the extreme Covenanting Pro- testers, and whose distinguished son, the Reverend William Carstairs (1649-1715), was the strenuous supporter of the Scottish Church and intimate friend of William, Prince of Orange. Thomas Carstairs was baptized in the parish church of Largo, August 23, 1759, and later learned the trade of architect and builder. He came to Philadelphia in 1780, and an advertisement in the Pennsylvania Packet and Gen- eral Advertiser, February, 1784, stated that he had lately 64 Biographies of Deceased Members arrived in this country, and that as an architect and builder he would follow his profession, " and had bespoke lodgings with the Reverend William Marshall next door to the Indian Queen on Fourth Street." (Mr. Marshall was the first Chaplain of The St. Andrew's Society, 1788-93. His small income from the church was eked out by Mrs. Marshall keeping boarders.) Mr. Carstairs married in Philadelphia, September 16, 1785, Sarah (Hood) Bradford, widow of Joseph Bradford, to whom she was married in 1774. He died in Philadelphia, July 26, 1830, and was buried in St. Peter's church-yard. His eldest son, David, born in 1/87, went to London, Eng- land, where he lived some years with his uncle John Car- stairs, a prominent merchant of that city. He entered the British service, became a major, and died in India in 1820. COLONEL ALEXANDER CUM MINGS, member 1858. Alexander Cummings was born in Williamsport, Penn- sylvania, about 1810, and died at Ottawa, Canada, July 17, 1879, while consular agent of the United States at that place. His father, James Cummings, was one of the early settlers of the central part of Pennsylvania and was the first mail-stage contractor in that section. Mr. Cummings married Miss Sarah Yard, of Phila- delphia, where he entered later into the wholesale dry-goods business as a member of the firm of Cummings, Reeves & Peterson. He remained with this firm about five years, and then became interested in the editorial management of the North American in connection with George R. Graham. Through political differences this connection was dissolved in 1846, and on April 12, 1847, Mr. Cummings issued a specimen number of Cummings' Evening Telegraphic Bulle- tin from 1 08 South Third Street. Dr. Alexander D. Black- burn (member 1841), for many years the fire-marshal of Philadelphia, was city editor. The title " Telegraphic " 65 Biographies of Deceased Members was introduced in the name of the paper on account of its specialty of telegraphic news. The venture proved finan- cially successful from the start. In 1859 Mr. Gibson Peacock, whose father previously had a financial interest in the Bulletin, purchased a one- third interest in the paper ; and a year later Mr. Cummings went to New York and founded the New York World, con- ducting it as a daily journal on evangelical lines, refusing all advertisements which he regarded as in any way im- moral, but the venture proved a financial failure, and his interest in that paper was transferred to other parties. In 1869 Mr. Cummings founded The Day in Philadel- phia, but soon parted with it, which concluded his direct connection with journalism. Mr. Cummings took a very active part in the organ- ization and work of the Young Men's Christian Association in Philadelphia. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was appointed one of three commissioners authorized to make immediate pur- chases of a large amount of military supplies for the use of the government. Notwithstanding the high character of the gentlemen selected for this important work, scandals arose as to the qualities of the goods purchased and the prices paid. In 1863 Mr. Cummings organized the I9th Pennsyl- vania Regiment of Cavalry, was commissioned colonel Oc- tober 24, 1863, and honorably discharged February 6, 1865. He, however, did not serve in the field with this regiment, having been authorized to organize a brigade of colored troops, and went to Arkansas for that purpose. He was later placed in command at Camp Cadwalader, Philadel- phia, where soldiers were mustered out of service. After the Civil War, Colonel Cummings was appointed, by President Johnson, collector of internal revenue for the fourth district of Pennsylvania, and later Governor of the then Territory of Colorado. For a time he occupied in Philadelphia the fine mansion at Fifteenth Street and Girard 66 Biographies of Deceased Members Avenue, later known as the residence of Colonel William B. Mann. Colonel Cummings had led an eventful life; was con- spicuous for his influence in the conduct of public affairs; and was upon terms of the closest intimacy with many of the leading politicians of both parties and also of officials of the national administration. He was much consulted in matters of great public concern as a counsellor whose judgment was full of knowledge and wisdom. His inti- mate knowledge of men and affairs made him a delightful companion. He was genial, hospitable, and kind; strong in his convictions and decided and pronounced in their expression. [Evening Telegraph, July 18, 1879, et a/.] THOMAS DOBSON, member 1791, on charter of 1808. No biographical sketch of Mr. Dobson has been found, but in Watson's Annals, vol. ii, page 400, it is stated, " Thomas Dobson gave the first impulse to printing among us. He also came from Scotia [following a reference to James Ronaldson, member 1795] soon after the Peace. Before his time five or six printers used to club to print a Testament, etc." In the " History of Printing in America," by Thomas, Mr. Dobson is referred to as having printed, in Philadelphia, " The British Encyclopedia," " with large additions," a work in twenty volumes; two half volumes came from the press annually. The type for the work was cast by John Baine, referred to above. THOMAS DUNDAS, member 1776. The founders of the Dundas family in America were two brothers, James and Thomas, both born in Manour, Perthshire, Scotland. They were of a distinguished family, noted for public service in the highest offices in Scotland. These brothers came to Philadelphia about 1757, and James Dundas became an important factor in the commercial life of Philadelphia, 67 Biographies of Deceased Members and was especially active on the part of the colonies during the Revolutionary War. He died January 16, 1788, and was buried at Christ Church. Thomas Dundas, our member, came over with his brother or shortly afterward, but soon removed to Reading, Pennsylvania, and there established himself in business and became a successful merchant and a public-spirited citizen of considerable influence. He is recorded in 1772 as having subscribed to an edition of Blackstone's " Commentaries," a purchase of that period indicating that he was a man of superior education and with a propensity for legal knowledge. During the early stages of the Revolution, he was active in support of the colonists' demands. In 1774 he was a member of the Berks County Committee of Corre- spondence. He also represented that county in the Pro- vincial Convention of July 15, 1774, which met in Phila- delphia. The proceedings of Congress show that, July n, 1776, he was voted the sum of $313.78 for rifles supplied to Colonel Irvine's battalion. The same year, September 3, 1776, he was commissioned a justice of the peace, an appointment which gave him a seat on the Common Pleas bench of Berks County. During all this period there seems to have been no deviation in his devotion to the popular cause. Before the year in question closed, however, certain events happened which caused great indignation and an emphatic protest on the part of Mr. Dundas. The period was a very troublous one. At various times during the Revolution, when the populace was excited and unreasonable, many remarkable and unjust things were done, not only by the hot-headed populace, but by their governors, the Supreme Executive Council, as well. Thus, many inno- cent men were placed under arrest, generally prominent citi- zens and ex-officials, in response to popular clamor, for acts of commission or omission deemed inimical to the struggling revolutionists. 68 Biographies of Deceased Members Just what Thomas Dundas did or left undone we do not know. The matter was probably of no consequence, and the action taken against him entirely unjust and totally uncalled for ; as unreasonable as the arrest, in the following summer, of many of the leading citizens of Philadelphia, Quakers chiefly, resulting from the semi-mob-rule, which then pre- vailed. To Major Heister, who had ordered his confine- ment, Mr. Dundas wrote from the Reading jail an earnest protest against such arbitrary action, and his release promptly followed. He had been subjected to the indignity of arrest and imprisonment, in compliance with the de- mand of an irresponsible mob and this, too, in spite of two years of devotion to the patriotic movement for national independence. The high character of the man is shown in connection with the will of his friend and neighbor, Dr. Jonathan Potts, one of the highest officers in the medical department of the Continental army. In this instrument, the testator made this bequest : To my beloved friend, Thomas Dundas, 100 guineas and my sword and pistols as a small testimony of my great regard and esteem, and in consideration of his many acts of kindness and friendship. Mr. Dundas appeared at the probate of the will and renounced the legacy, declaring that the money and other articles bequeathed to him should go to the family of the deceased. His death took place April 25, 1805, the event being thus referred to in Poulson's American Daily Advertiser, of May 4, 1805 : On Thursday the 25 of April 1805, at Reading, Penna., Thomas Dundas, Esq., a very respectable Inhabitant of that Borough, where he had resided nearly forty years. As a man of Business and as a Gentle- man of sound Understanding and liberal Manners, his Death may be regarded as a Public Loss by a numerous Circle of private Friends, his memory will be long and affectionately cherished for his Urbanity and social Virtues. 69 Biographies of Deceased Members Mr. Dundas is recorded as one of the few members of The St. Andrew's Society present at the meeting November 30, 1776, when they adjourned " without supping, on ac- count of the disordered state of the times." He left a considerable estate, his son and daughter being the principal beneficiaries. His son William died unmar- ried, and the daughter, Jane, married July 13, 1793, Marks John Biddle, a member of the well-known family of that name. [Condensed from Frank Willing Leach's monograph in the Philadelphia North American.] TRISTRAM B. FREEMAN, member 1804. He was a grandson of Sir Tristram Bampfylde, of England, after whom he was named and was educated as a clergyman. It is not clear when he came to America, but he is recorded as a merchant in Philadelphia as early as 1798. Mr. Freeman was a member of a committee of The St. Andrew's Society appointed in 1808 to make application for a new charter of incorporation. He was also a member of the St. George's Society. On November 12, 1805, he was appointed official auc- tioneer in Philadelphia by Governor Thomas McKean. His descendants are still engaged in that business. Mr. Freeman held high rank in the Masonic Order in Philadelphia, entered Lodge No. 51 in 1805, and was its Worshipful Master in 1820, reaching the office of Right Worshipful Grand Master in 1836, and he was Grand High Priest at the time of his death, March 28, 1842, then in his seventy-fifth year. There is a steel portrait, by Samuel Sartain, of Mr. Freeman as Grand Master in the Masonic Temple, but no details of his life are recorded. On June 22, 1821, he delivered an address on the principles of Masonry. WILLIAM THOMAS GALEY, member 1890. Born in Lon- don, England, May 19, 1852. Died, at his home in Phila- delphia, September 2, 1910. 70 Biographies of Deceased Members Mr. Galey was the son of Thomas W. Galey, who was of English birth, and of his wife Helen Fairrie, born in Scotland. Mr. Galey came to the United States when a young man and settled in Brooklyn before coming to Phila- delphia. He married Miss Sarah J. Holt, of Wissahickon, Philadelphia, January 27, 1880, and they had four children: William T., who was associated with his father in business ; Frank, in business in New York; and Miss Helen and Miss Theresa Galey. Mr. Galey was president of the Aberfoyle Manufactur- ing Company, and the Galey & Lord Manufacturing Com- pany of Chester, and a partner in the firm of Lord, Galey & Lord, New York. He was a member of the Union League, Masonic Order, Sons of St. George, the Merion Cricket and the Overbrook Golf Club. His sons, Frank Holt and William Thomas, Jr., joined The St. Andrew's Society in 1911. GEORGE GOODFELLOW, member 1889, was born in Hawick, Roxburghshire, Scotland, in 1840, and died in Phila- delphia, April 2, 1911. After receiving a liberal common-school education he learned the trade of carpenter, excelling in the science of construction. He served as foreman to a large building corporation in Edinburgh prior to coming to the United States. His wife having died, he came to Philadelphia in 1872, with his three motherless boys, accompanied by their maternal grandmother. He immediately procured employ- ment with Mr. Adam Catanach, a prominent carpenter and builder of that period, and in due course of time started business in a small way on his own account. The oldest son read law and became successful as a lawyer; the other two associated themselves with their father in carpentry. Mr. Goodfellow was intensely patriotic and held at great value the history and traditions of the land of his birth. He was a past-president of the National Caledonian Associa- tion, a past-chief of the Philadelphia Caledonian Club; for Biographies of Deceased Members many years treasurer of the Scot's Thistle Society, and past- president of the Burns Club. So great was his admiration for the national poet, that, at a banquet some years ago to celebrate the birth of the poet, a number of celebrities be- ing present, a prominent Presbyterian minister was to de- liver the oration on Burns. A great deal of good-natured banter was being exchanged at the table, and, when the " dominie " had delivered his address, in response to the toast of the evening, which appeared to disappoint Mr. Good- fellow, he arose and took exception to what he considered the flippancy displayed, then merged into a masterly and eloquent eulogy of the poet and his works. Plodding through life a widower for thirty-five years, he married the widow of a deceased personal friend, with whom he improved his domestic conditions and lived very happily until his somewhat sudden demise, superinduced by being knocked down on the street by a horse driven to a wagon. Mr. Good fellow's latter days were somewhat embittered through depression in business and ill-health following his accident. On the day of his funeral, many of his old friends felt sad to learn, for the first time, how obscure and humble were his environments. A man possessed of his qualities deserved a scene mounted with more attractions in the final act, but, like his idol, " The Poet," he departed this life in distress, yet his couthie social and attractive qualities will long remain graven in the memories of his many friends and associates. WILLIAM GRAHAM, member 1804. " Died on the 29th inst. [May, 1823] after a lingering illness which he bore with Christian fortitude, Mr. William Graham, in the 4Oth year of his age. His friends and those of the family are invited to attend his funeral from his late dwelling No. 10 Myer's Court, between 5th and 6th Streets, this morning at 8 o'clock." [Poulson's Advertiser, May 30, 1823.] 72 Biographies of Deceased Members GAVIN HAMILTON, SENIOR, member 1778, Secretary 1788-89. Father and son of the same name were both active members and office-holders in The St. Andrew's Society. Gavin Hamilton, Sr., was born in the same village in Scotland as his kinsman Thomas Leiper, Strathaven on the River Avon, in Lanarkshire, a tributary of the Clyde. He was the pioneer of the snuff business in this country, and it grew in his hands and in those of his son, taken later into partnership, into a large and lucrative business. It was on the advice of the senior Hamilton that Thomas Leiper came to Philadelphia, who proved to be a most valuable citizen and good soldier in the American Revolu- tion, and, as was Mr. Hamilton, an active member and officer of The St. Andrew's Society. It appears, from an advertisement in the Pennsylvania Gazette, February 22, 1775, that with Mr. Leiper, forming the firm of Hamilton & Leiper, they had removed from Second Street above Market, to the northeast corner of Water and Spruce Streets, " three doors below the draw- bridge, where they will manufacture in the best manner all kinds of snuff and tobacco as usual . . . as desir- able as any imported from London." Later there was a friendly separation of interest, and Mr. Hamilton had a snuff-mill located on Cobb's Creek on the border line between Philadelphia and Delaware counties. On the ruins of this old mill a cotton-mill was built in 1864, which still stands there. Mr. Hamilton lived in a small house still standing on the grounds at 6oth Street and Baltimore Avenue, West Philadelphia ; the grounds were purchased by the Hamiltons in 1790 and covered a large area. Mr. Hamilton is recorded on the Treasurer's books of The St. Andrew's Society as having paid 15 when elected a member, November 30, 1778, and was one of the number who retained membership during the Revolutionary War, and until his death on May 20, 1800. 73 Biographies of Deceased Members The following, in Poulson's Advertiser, of May 23, 1800, was the only reference there found to one of the most active business men of his time. " Died at his house on Second Street on the 2Oth inst., Mr. Gavin Hamilton, Senior, aged 83 years, long a respect- able member of society in this city." GAVIN HAMILTON, JUNIOR, member 1791, Assistant 1792-1802, Vice-president 1814-22. He was a partner in the snuff business with his father, above referred to, and succeeded to his property as sole heir upon his father's death. During the lifetime of his father, with a view to mar- riage, he had built not far from the elder Gavin Hamilton's home a larger residence of stone, at 6oth Street and Balti- more Avenue in West Philadelphia, and which, since his death, has been occupied by the Hoffman family, one of whose descendants is now a member of The St. Andrew's Society. The marriage, however, did not take place, and Mr. Hamilton occupied the house as a bachelor until he died. His estate included over 250 acres. He also built a hunting-lodge on the place, near Cobb's Creek, for the enjoy- ment of himself and friends and for the accommodation, in the winter season, of players on the ice of the old Scottish game of curling. He died October 12, 1830, and Poulson's Advertiser of October I4th contained this notice: Died suddenly on Tuesday morning the I2th inst. at his residence in Blockley Township, Gavin Hamilton, Esq., a gentleman eminently endowed with honour, candour, honesty and benevolence. The funeral will pass Market and Broad Streets this afternoon at half-past three o'clock, at which time and place his friends from the city are particularly invited to attend. The members of The St. Andrew's Society are respectfully invited to attend as above. On October 15, 1830, the Advertiser copied from the New York Gazette the following: 74 ALEXANDER HARDING Member 1877 Treasurer 1886-1910 Died September 4, 1910 Biographies of Deceased Members In publishing the death of Gavin Hamilton, Esq., the Gazette says : " He was in reality a true Scotian, possessed of all the amiable and honourable qualities of a man. The latter part of his life was devoted to literary pursuits in which he was aided by his relatives in Scotland, who forwarded to him every recent work on the arts and sciences. " The loss of this gentleman will be felt by numerous persons who have experienced for many years the benefits of his philanthropic charities." October 23, 1830. " A tribute of Gratitude and Respect to the memory of the late Gavin Hamilton, Esq., by one to whom he had been a generous benefactor." How wide is the breach in the circle late round thee Where worth in distress a kind patron oft found thee Hospitality's fled; thou, its soul, art departed How sad will thy guest view thy mansion deserted There oft social virtue and wit entertained us, Though anxious to go, yet their magic long chained us. ALEXANDER HARDING, member 1877; Treasurer 1886 until he died, September 4, 1910. Mr. Harding was born in Philadelphia, March 30, 1832, the son of John Harding, Jr., and Margaretta S. McAlpin, who were married in Phila- delphia, April 23, 1828. He was a grandson of James McAlpin, who was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and, on coming to this city, joined The St. Andrew's Society and served some years as Assistant, then as Vice-president, and at the time of his death in 1839 had served eight years as President. Alexander Harding was educated in the public schools of Philadelphia, but finished a course in the select academy of the Rev. Dr. Crawford. He entered early into mercan- tile pursuits and was for over forty years engaged in the wholesale grocery business. Upon joining The St. Andrew's Society he at once took an active part in its work, was elected Treasurer in 1886, and served faithfully in that position until he died. For a number of years prior to his death he 75 Biographies of Deceased Members had charge of the disbursement of the charities of the Society under the direction of the Assistants, and discharged the trying duties of that office with tact and fidelity. Mr. Harding was a past master of Union Lodge No. 121, F. and A. M. of Philadelphia, and a member of Gen. George G. Meade Post, No. I, Grand Army of the Republic. Mr. Harding was married in St. Philip's Church on June 13, 1867, to Miss Sarah Seal, who with two sons and three daughters survived him. JOHN HAVILAND, member 1838. Mr. Haviland was born near Taunton. England, December 15, 1792, and died suddenly in Philadelphia, March 28, 1852. He studied his profession in England with Elmes, an eminent writer upon architecture, and in 1815, by invitation of an uncle, then Minister to the Czar Alexander, he entered the Russian Imperial Corps of Engineers, but, meeting there Admiral Sonntag, an American, then in the Russian service, Mr. Haviland was induced to emigrate to the United States, reaching Philadelphia in September, 1816. He soon became one of the leading architects in the United States. He introduced the radiating form of prison construction, which he first applied to the Pittsburgh, Penna., Penitentiary. Later Mr. Haviland designed the Eastern Penitentiary at Philadelphia, which became the model for all subsequent buildings of like nature. His plans were highly commended by commissioners from England, France, Russia, and Prussia, deputed by their governments to examine structures which were attracting the attention of the civilized world. Among the large number of public buildings constructed from his plans were the Hall of Justice, New York City; United States Naval Asylum at Norfolk, Va. ; State Peni- tentiaries for New Jersey, Rhode Island, and Missouri; Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Broad and Spruce Streets ; United States Mint, Chestnut Street near Broad, Philadelphia; State Insane Asylum, Harrisburg, Pa., and many churches and private residences in Philadelphia and other cities. 76 Biographies of Deceased Members One of the notable buildings in its time, in Philadelphia, of which Mr. Haviland was the architect, was the " Arcade," located on the north side of Chestnut Street near Seventh. It was two stories in height, with a marble front, and was used on both the first and second floors by a variety of stores. A restaurant in the basement was long kept by David Gibb (member 1836), noted for years as a house of call for Scotchmen. Mr. Haviland had joined with Peter A. Browne and others in the building, on which they expended over $170,000, but it did not prove a financial success. The property in 1863 was bought by David Jayne and was then replaced by Jayne's Hall and store-rooms. The St. Andrew's Society, at a special meeting held March 30, 1852, adopted the following: Resolved, That The St. Andrew's Society have suffered a severe loss in the death of their brother, the late John Haviland of this city, a valued member of their association and of this community, a gentle- man of the highest professional distinction as an accomplished artist, of elegant and cultivated taste, of large attainments in science and elegant literature, and of kind and benevolent disposition. This city and many other parts of our country will long exhibit enduring monu- ments of his skill as an accomplished architect, whilst the memories of his virtues in social life will continue to be cherished by his brethren of The St. Andrew's Society and his fellow citizens of Philadelphia. JOHN K. MITCHELL, GEORGE YOUNG, President. Secretary. ROBERT HENDERSON, member 1786. Mr. Henderson came from Fordel, near Edinburgh, Scotland, soon after the close of the Revolutionary War, located in Philadelphia, and there later entered into the shipping business. On January 23, 1800, he married Sarah, a daughter of the Reverend Samuel Jones, a noted Baptist clergyman who ministered to the First Baptist Church in Dublin Town- ship and other Baptist churches in the northern part of Philadelphia County, for over fifty years. Mr. Jones served during the War of the Revolution as Chaplain, Sec- ond Regiment of Foot. Mr. Henderson died at Saratoga 77 Biographies of Deceased Members Springs, New York, whence he had gone for his health, January, 1802, and three months later his son and only child, Samuel J. Henderson (member, 1841), was born at " Lynganoir," the family country-seat near Bustleton, Philadelphia. SAMUEL JONES HENDERSON, member 1841, the son of Robert Henderson, noted above, was born at his father's place, " Lynganoir," near Bustleton, Pennsylvania, April 25, 1802. He entered the University of Pennsylvania, and was graduated and received the degree of A.M. and was later admitted to the bar and practised law in Philadelphia until his death in 1850. He was interested in military affairs, and was com- missioned major and later colonel in the State Militia. He married Miss Mary Potts Wright, a daughter of Joshua Wright, of Trenton, New Jersey. He was survived by his widow and four children, Robert, Laura (who married Dr. F. Townshend Dade, a Virginian, who, however, served in the Northern Army during the Civil War as surgeon), Emma, and Gertrude. His grandson, Samuel J. Henderson, son of Robert J. Henderson, joined the Society in 1911. JAMES HOGAN, member 1909. Mr. Hogan was born in Philadelphia, September 12, 1842, and died at his home, Ardmore, Pennsylvania, January 6, 1913. He was educated in the public schools of his native city, and in early manhood was engaged in the stationery and book business, which had been established by his grandfather and later conducted by his father. In addition to this work, Captain Hogan was for over forty-six years the general agent for Philadelphia of the Cunard Steamship Company. His father, David Morris Hogan, was a member of The St. Andrew's Society in 1846, and an uncle, James, in 1838. His paternal grandfather was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, February 2, 1774, and his grandmother was from Alva, Scotland. Captain Hogan took an active interest in military affairs 78 JAMES FERGUSON HOPE Member 1873 President 1892-1893 Died June i, 1913 Biographies of Deceased Members connected with the National Guard of Pennsylvania. He was an original member of the Gray Reserves, and, as lieutenant. Company C, 32d Penna. militia, served in the campaign in the Cumberland Valley preceding the Battle of Gettysburg. He subsequently enlisted in the First Regi- ment National Guard in Company D, and was present with his command on every tour of active duty. He joined the Veteran Corps of that regiment in 1875, and was for over thirty years its paymaster with the rank of captain. Captain Hogan was not married. Was a member of the Episcopal Church, of the Art Club, and of George G. Meade Post, No. i, Grand Army of the Republic. He was survived by three sisters. He was buried from the Episcopal Church of The Saviour, West Philadelphia, and interred with mili- tary honors. JAMES FERGUSON HOPE, member 1873, Vice-president 1890-91, President 1892-93. Born in Alexandria, Dum- bartonshire, Scotland, September 26, 1843; died in Phila- delphia, June i, 1913. His parents emigrated to this country in 1847 and settled in Philadelphia. Here Mr. Hope attended the public schools, and at the age of fifteen was employed in the whole- sale grocery house of James Woodside. In 1861 he entered the employ of Thomas Potter, manufacturer of oil-cloths, in which establishment Mr. Hope continued, rising step by step, until at the time of his death he was secretary-treasurer of the Thomas Potter Sons & Co., Incorporated, the business having been greatly extended. During the Civil War Mr. Hope served in the I96th Regiment Penna. Volunteers, the fifth regiment recruited through the Union League of Philadelphia. He became a member of the Union League in 1890, and later served on its committee on membership. He was elected a director in 1895, vice-president in 1902-1903- 1904. In 1908 he was elected president of the League and served for three terms. It was during his incumbency that 79 Biographies of Deceased Members the handsome new extension of the League building on Fif- teenth Street was practically completed and the contract for the middle section, including the present large assembly hall and cafe, was awarded. In all this work, entailing the expenditure of a large amount of money, Mr. Hope's busi- ness tact and ability were fully recognized. Mr. Hope was interested in a number of business enter- prises, a director of the Philadelphia National Bank, of the American Audit and Appraisement Company, a trustee of the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company, and was a representative of the city on the board of the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company. He was a manager of the Home Missionary Society, and a member of George G. Meade Post, No. i, Grand Army of the Republic. In The St. Andrew's Society, Mr. Hope was recognized as one of its most active members, serving loyally in official positions and on important committees. CAPTAIN WILLIAM M. HUNTER, U. S. Navy, member 1836. The date and place of birth of Captain Hunter were not found on file in the records of the Navy Department, but the records show that he passed through some of the most stirring scenes in our naval history, and always sus- tained the character of a capable and gallant officer. He entered the service of the United States as a midship- man January 16, 1809, and, after service in the war with Great Britain at home and abroad, was commissioned lieu- tenant, July 24, 1813, first lieutenant, July 23, 1821, and captain, February 9, 1837. In November, 1826, he was assigned to the receiving ship at Philadelphia, and in 1828 was sent to the Mediterranean Station to command the " Warren." In 1832 he was again assigned to duty at the United States navy yard in Phila- delphia, and was transferred in 1843 to the command of the receiving ship at Boston. He died in Philadelphia, March 5, 1849, m his fifty- 80 Biographies of Deceased Members seventh year, and was buried with full military honors in Christ Church burying-ground. Commodore Charles Stewart, commandant United States navy yard, directed the officers in the city on duty to attend the funeral in full-dress uniform, and requested officers of the army and of the First Division Penna. Militia " to join in paying the last mark of respect to the memory of a gallant officer." A battalion of infantry and a company of marines, with four volunteer companies viz., the National Guards, the Philadelphia Greys, Washington Greys, and Patterson Guards paraded as an escort, and a large number of friends of the deceased, the reverend clergy, and relatives of the family were in attendance. Major-General George Cad- walader and Captains Lavalette and Conover, Commanders Ritchie and Lieb, and Lieutenant Lardner, of the navy, acted as pall-bearers. A requiem for the dead was played by Breiter's band. The Rev. Dr. Henry F. Morton, rector of St. James P. E. Church, read the burial service, and the battalion fired three rounds over the grave. ROBERT GRAY KENNEDY, Life member 1875. Born June 18, 1850, in the village of Barnyards, Fife, Scotland, where his father was a Presbyterian minister. He was educated in the Edinburgh High School, and then served as an articled pupil in the office of Messrs. Peddie and Kinnear in Edinburgh, who were at that time among the leading architects in Scotland. Our fellow-member, Mr. John Ord, was employed in the same office as the junior to Mr. Kennedy. After operating on his own account for a short time Mr. Kennedy moved to Philadelphia, and later became senior member of the firm of Kennedy, Hayes and Kelsey, architects. He was one of the first to see the possibilities of suburban development and was largely instrumental in founding Llanerch and other nearby towns, and was also interested in building operations in West Philadelphia. He Si Biographies of Deceased Members was popular with members of his profession and was noted for his consideration and kindness to men just beginning the practice of architecture. Mr. Kennedy retired from business in 1905 and re- turned to Scotland, taking up a residence at Elie, a seaside resort of Fife, in the neighborhood of his old home. He there died August I, 1913, and was buried in the parish Church of Kilconquhar. THOMAS LEIPER, member 1767, Vice-president 1803- 1813. To the biographical sketch of Thomas Leiper, page 218, "Historical Catalogue" (1907), the following is added, from the inscription on his tomb in Laurel Hill, Lot 20, Section 8. THOMAS LEIPER Born at Strathaven, Scotland, December 15, 1745. Came to America 1763, settled in Philadelphia in 1765. One of the organizers of the First City Troop of Philadelphia 1774. Engaged in action at Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown and Monmouth, and in special service at Yorktown. President of Common Council of Philadelphia 1801-05, 1808-10. Constructed and operated the first railroad in Pennsylvania 1809-10. For sixty years active and successful as merchant and manu- facturer. Honored by his City and State for patriotic services and unselfish devotion to the cause of Liberty and his Country. Mr. Leiper was first interred in the burial ground of the Second Presbyterian Church on Arch Street near Third, and, on that place being abandoned, his remains were removed to Laurel Hill, December 9, 1867. ISRAEL LUKENS, M.D., member 1850. Dr. Lukens was born in 1810 in Upper Dublin Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, and died in Rahway, New Jersey, September n, 1890. He was educated in the Joseph Foulke School at Gwy- nedd, Penna., and practised his profession until 1860, when 82 Biographies of Deceased Members he retired. He owned considerable property in the neighbor- hood of Second and Market Streets, Philadelphia, and had an office in that vicinity. In 1863 he moved to Rahway, New Jersey, where he resided until he died. The mother of Dr. Lukens was of Scottish descent; her maiden name was Elinor Lewis. Dr. Lukens served with an overland party in California and Mexico. ALEXANDER LUNAN, member 1751, Secretary 1753, Vice-president 1766-67. Mr. Lunan was engaged in mer- cantile business for the sale of European goods, etc., from his store " next door to Captain Phillips on Water Street." The Minutes of February 28, 1767, state, " The absence of Vice-President Lunan to be taken into consideration at the next meeting, being detained on account of some gentle- men from Jamaica, natives of Scotland, whom he ought to invite and introduce for the benefit of the institution." Mr. Lunan died July 24, 1770. DAVID ALEXANDER MACGREGOR, member 1902. Mr. MacGregor was born in Philadelphia, October 18, 1883, and died at his home in Lansdowne, Pennsylvania, November 12, 1911. He was the son of Donald Ross MacGregor, of Edin- burgh, Scotland, and his wife Mary Ellen Baxter, of Skipton, England. Mr. MacGregor was a skilled decorator, and carried on all branches of the business of painting and decorating in Philadelphia until his last illness. He was married to Miss Mary J. Cummings and was sur- vived by five sons. Mr. MacGregor was a constant attendant at the Quar- terly Meetings of the Society, and, having a fine tenor voice, he was always called upon to favor the members by sing- ing Scottish songs. WILLIAM MACLURE, member 1796. On Charter 1809. 83 Biographies of Deceased Members Mr. Maclure was born in Ayr, Scotland, in 1763, the son of David and Ann Maclure. He there received the primary part of his education under the charge of a Mr. Douglass, noted for his classical and mathematical attainments. Young Maclure readily acquired various branches of a liberal education, but preferred the simpler and more attractive truths of natural history. At the age of nineteen he sailed for the United States with a view to mercantile employment, and landed in New York, where, having made satisfactory arrangements, he returned to London as a partner of the firm of Miller, Hart & Co. In 1796 he returned again to the United States and engaged in mercantile business in Philadelphia. Mr. Maclure carried on business in his own name at Dock and Pear Streets and also in the firm of Maclure & Robertsons on Walnut Street Wharf, and at No. 102 South Front Street. In 1803 ne was appointed, in conjunction with John Fenton Mercer and Cox Barnet, commissioner to adjust claims against France, presented by citizens of the United States for spoliations committed during the Revolution in that country. This arduous and responsible trust was dis- charged with ability and diligence. During the few years required to close up the duties of the commissioners, Mr. Maclure embraced the opportunity to visit many parts of Europe, collecting objects of natural history and forward- ing them to the United States, which from his boyhood had been to him the land of promise and subsequently his adopted country. Geology had become the engrossing study of his mind, and was pursued with enthusiasm and success. On returning to the United States Mr. Maclure entered on a work of great scientific importance a geological survey of the United States, unsustained by government patronage and unassisted by collateral aids. With hammer in hand and wallet on his shoulder, he crossed and re- crossed the Allegheny Mountains not less than fifty times, 84 Portrait by Sully WILLIAM MACLURE Member 1796 (Former President Academy of Natural Sciences) Died in Mexico, March 23, 1840 Biographies of Deceased Members covering every State and Territory from the St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico. A memoir embracing the accumulated results of this work was read before the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia, January 20, 1809, and published in the sixth volume of that Society's transactions. In May, 1817, he presented a final revision of his investigations to that date, which not only placed Mr. Maclure among the first of living geologists, but excited a thirst for inquiry and comparison which has continued to extend its influence in every section of our country. The surveys since made by the Smithsonian Institute for the United States confirmed Mr. Maclure's deductions. When the Academy of Natural Sciences cf Philadelphia was founded, in January, 1812, Mr. Maclure's name was early enrolled in its membership, and it may be fairly claimed that without his aid at that time and later it would probably not have been able to have prolonged its existence. On December 30, 1817, he was elected its President and was annually re-elected each year until he died, a period of twenty- two years, much of the executive work during his absence being performed by Vice-President Samuel G. Morton, who succeeded Mr. Maclure in the Presidency. In 1816-17 he visited the West Indies and explored nearly twenty of those islands, and in 1819 he visited France and Spain and there engaged in the same work of research. While in Spain Mr. Maclure formed a plan for an agricultural college to instil advanced ideas there on that subject and, under the approval of the then Revolutionary government, he purchased a large tract of land (some 10,000 acres which had been confiscated from the church) but when the Revolutionary party was overthrown and the King restored, Mr. Maclure was summarily dispossessed without recompense, thus losing all the material he had accumulated for that benevolent purpose. Even then he 85 Biographies of Deceased Members sought to pursue his geological investigations in Spain, but as his life was continually in danger he returned in 1824 to the United States. Mr. Maclure for a long time had entertained plans for the establishment of an agricultural college in the United States, being thus a leader in a branch since so largely developed. With this end in view he made inquiry into the plans of Robert Owen, the philanthropist and pro- moter of English Socialism. Mr. Owen married the daughter of David Dale, who had large cotton mills at New Lanark, on the Clyde, Scotland, and there his son, later distinguished in America, was born. Mr. Owen had first established a colony to work out his theories of profit-sharing and mutual co-operation at Orbiston near Glasgow, and in 1825 he instituted a similar colony at New Harmony, Indiana, but both proved failures within a short time. Mr. Maclure, while not sharing fully the peculiar views of Mr. Owen, believed that his own plans for an agricultu- ral college could be best carried out in close conjunction with Mr. Owen's work and he purchased adjoining tracts of several hundred acres of land for his school, and moved there from Philadelphia with his private library, philo- sophical instruments, and collections of natural history, designing to make that the centre of education in the West. In his " Opinions on Various Subjects," a series of episto- lary essays mostly on political economy, he expressed him- self without reserve, taking positions in many cases far in advance of his time. The work was issued in three volumes from New Harmony, 1831-1838. While Mr. Owen's plans were entirely abortive, Mr. Maclure continued his own methods of work at that place for several years in the hope of bringing his school into practical operation. He was, however, much in advance of the time and was finally compelled to abandon it. He transferred his library, 2259 volumes, embracing works in 86 Biographies of Deceased Members every department of useful knowledge, to the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. In addition to other large contributions of books and specimens (the books alone numbering over 5000 with many maps and charts), Mr. Maclure was a liberal donor of money, and it was chiefly through his liberality that the new Academy of Natural Sciences was built at Broad and George (Sansom) Streets, his contribution in money at that time being $20,000. In further pursuit of his life work Mr. Maclure in 1827 went to Mexico, and the year following he returned in order to preside at the meeting in New Haven, Connecticut, of the American Geological Society, of which he had long been President. Again returning to Mexico, early in 1839 he suffered several severe shocks from disease, and from that period age and its varied infirmities grew rapidly upon him. In his desire to reach Philadelphia he had arranged through his friend, the United States Consul at Vera Cruz, to be conveyed on a litter to the sea-coast, but was compelled by illness to relinquish the journey, and retraced his steps to the country house of another friend, a former President of Mexico, where he received every attention. He was again moved to San Angel, where he died on March 23, 1840, in the seventy-seventh year of his age, thus closing a life, in which no views of pecuniary ad- vantage or personal aggrandizement entered, but devoted with untiring energy and singular disinterestedness to the attainment and diffusion of practical knowledge. Dr. Morton in his memoir, said of Mr. Maclure per- sonally " that he was singularly mild and unostentatious in his manner, and though a man of strong feelings he seldom allowed his temper to triumph over his judgment. Cautious in his intimacies and firm in his friendships, time and circumstances in no degree weakened the affections of his earlier years." [Principally from memoir by Dr. Samuel G. Morton, 87 Biographies of Deceased Members read before the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, July i, 1861. Portraits in the Academy of Mr. Maclure by Thomas Sully, and Charles Wilson Peale. Reference to location of Mr. Maclure's business in Philadelphia added by the compiler.] MAJOR JOHN MACPHERSON, JUNIOR, member 1773. To the memoir of this gallant young soldier printed on page 262 of the " Historical Catalogue, 1907," the following, from the oration by the Rev. Dr. William Smith, is appro- priate : When the news of the death of General Montgomery at Quebec was received in Philadelphia, Congress, then in ses- sion, by resolution desired the Rev. Dr. William Smith to deliver a funeral oration " in honor of General Montgomery and of those Officers and Soldiers who magnanimously fought and fell with him in maintaining the principles of American Liberty" The services were held in the new German Calvinist Church in Race Street below Fourth, on Monday morning, February 14, 1776, that church having a large seating capa- city. The Congress, the Provincial Assembly, the City Cor- poration, and Officials and others met at the State House and proceeded to the church in a body. The following is the reference in the oration by Doctor Smith to Major Macpherson, who had been one of his pupils in the Academy and College of Philadelphia : Here ye Pennsylvania youths, second to none in virtue, let a portion of your tears be sacred to the name of Macpherson. You remember his generous spirit in his early years, for he drank of the same springs of science with many of you now before me ; and we, who reached the cup to your lips, rejoice that it contributed to invigorate both him and you into wisdom and public spirit. Having finished his scholastic education, he studied the laws of his country, under a lawyer and a patriot of distinguished name (John Dickinson, Esq.), and ani- mated by his example, as well as precepts, had become eminent in his profession at an age when some have scarce begun to think business. The love of liberty being his ruling passion, he thought it his duty, Biographies of Deceased Members in the present struggle, to offer himself to the service of his country, and he had soon an opportunity of attaining that military pre-eminence, of which he was laudably ambitious. Enjoying a hereditary bravery, joined to a well cultivated under- standing, and an active spirit, he soon became the bosom friend of General Montgomery, was his aid-de-camp, was entrusted with a share in the management of his most important negotiations, stood by his side in the attack on Quebec, and being, as it were, animated by one common soul, and dear to each other in life in death they were not a moment divided. JOHN MASON, member 1877. Born in Philadelphia, November 7, 1833; died in that city, November 4, 1912. His father, John Mason, was a native of Ayrshire, Scot- land, and his mother, Martha Aiken Mason, was born in Glasgow. He attended the public schools of Philadelphia, and in 1855 became connected with the Farmers and Mechanics National Bank, and for many years before his death was the transfer officer of that institution, having charge of payment of interest on Philadelphia city bonds and also payment of these bonds at maturity, discharging the duties of that im- portant position with fidelity which earned him high praise. He was married on April 28, 1857, to Miss Margaret R. McAllister, and they had four sons ; two, James McAllister and Edward Baker, are members of The St. Andrew's Society. Mr. Mason was a regular attendant at the meetings of The St. Andrew's Society, and evidently enjoyed mingling with the members and with the associations connected with the father-land. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church and for a number of years was one of the trustees of the Oxford Presbyterian Church. ROBERT CAMPBELL MAYWOOD, member 1831, was born in Scotland in 1784. Very little is known of his early life except his appearing at the theatres in Edinburgh and Glas- gow. He went to London in 1817, and at the Drury Lane 89 Biographies of Deceased Members Theatre opened an engagement as " Shy lock." He came to America in 1819 and made his American debut at the Park Theatre, New York, as " Richard III." He remained in New York, appearing frequently at the Park Theatre. He made his Philadelphia debut at the Arch Street Theatre, November 6, 1828, as " King Lear," and in 1832 became manager of the Walnut Street Theatre in conjunction with Pratt and Row- botham, and on September 3, 1833, with the same gentle- men assumed management of the Chestnut Street Theatre, which he retained for some time and again returned to the Walnut as manager. He once more, in 1834, became mana- ger of the Chestnut and Arch Street Theatres, then abandoned the Arch, returning to the sole management of the Chestnut, where he remained until March 9, 1841, when he relinquished the management, taking a farewell benefit. The performance consisted of " La Sonnambula " and " Craimond Brig." This latter, a Scotch piece, was written specially for this occasion. He was an excellent stock actor and in Scotch characters was unrivalled ; his dialect was perfect. He evinced powers of a superior order in melodrama. Among old Philadelphia playgoers of the past generation Maywood's name was always remembered with pleasure. Mr. May wood died on November 28, 1856, at the Mar- shall Institute, Troy, New York, of paralysis, of which he had been suffering for a long time. [Courtesy of Charles N. Mann, Esq., from his noted collection of theatrical matter.] A song by Mr. Maywood in Scottish dialect, sung by him at the Anniversary of The St. Andrew's Society, Decem- ber 3, 1831, will be found on page 269, volume I, " Histori- cal Catalogue." There are repeated references in the records to songs and stories by Mr. Maywood at the meetings of The St. Andrew's Society, and to a number of these meetings he was accompanied by theatrical celebrities of his time. 90 Biographies of Deceased Members A portrait of Mr. May wood is in the noted collection of John McAllister, Esq., member 1815, in the Ridgway Branch, Philadelphia Library. JOHN MELISH, member 1813. Born in Perthshire, Scot- land, 1771; died in Philadelphia, December 30, 1822. Poulsons' Advertiser, January i, 1823, has the following notice : Died on Monday night, the 3Oth of December (1822), Mr. John Mellish, Geographer, in the fifty-second year of his age. Mr. Mellish was a native of Perthshire, in Scotland, but being ardently attached to the principles of liberty he emigrated and settled in this country in the year 1809. Since that period his labors have been eminently useful to his adopted country. His works in the Sciences of Geography and Political Economy are universally known, and their importance has been acknowledged by the highest characters in our country. His friends are requested to attend his funeral from his late resi- dence No. 209 Chestnut Street, on Thursday, January 2nd. (1823) at two o'clock. The members of The St. Andrew's Society and the Scot's Thistle Society are respectfully requested to attend. Appletons' " Cyclopaedia of American Biography " records that " Mr. Melish came to this country in 1809, and travelled extensively over the United States and published accounts of his various journeys, with comments on his experiences." His works include " Travels in the United States, includ- ing (ocean) Passages and Travels in Great Britain and Upper Canada" (1806-1811), published in Philadelphia in 1812; " Description of Roads " (1814) ; " A Traveller's Directory" (1815); "Description of the United States" (1816); "Necessity of Protecting Manufacturers" (1818) ; " Maps of Pennsylvania and the United States "; "Information to Emigrants" (1819); and "Statistical Views of the United States " (1822). In addition to the above, Mr. Melish devoted consider- able study to military affairs, as in 1813 he issued, in Phila- Biographies of Deceased Members delphia, a " Description of the Seat of War in North Amer- ica, with a Map " ; and, in the same year, a " Military and Topographical Atlas of the United States, including British Possessions and Florida"; also, " Official Documents rela- tive to the Operation of the British Army employed in the Reduction of the Canadas under Major-Generals Wolfe, Amherst, and others in the Years 1759-60, with description of Quebec and Montreal, with Map reduced by J. Melish." In 1816 he issued " A Geographical Map of the United States, with Contiguous British and Spanish Possessions, to accompany Melish's Map." A third edition of this was printed in 1818, also " A Geographical Description of the World." The title-page to one of his many books, which was issued in 1819, shows that he must have been indefatigable in obtaining information for the travelling public of that day : The Travellers' Directory through the United States of America, being a Complete List of the Direct Cross Roads, Together with the Conveyance by Water throughout the Different States and Territories, including the Connecting Roads and Distances in Measured Miles From New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington to Pittsburgh, New Orleans, and St. Louis. Compiled from the most authentic materials. By John Melish, Philadelphia. Printed for J. Melish and S. Harrison, Geographers and Map Publishers, 1819. In 1820 he published a letter to President Monroe, " On the State of the Country," with a plan for improving the conditions of society, and in 1822, the year of his death, he issued a pamphlet entitled " Views of Political Economy from the Description of the United States," by J. M., July 4, 1822. The numerous maps, books, and pamphlets issued by Mr. Melish during the thirteen years of his residence in Phila- delphia proved that he was an untiring and ardent worker and a close student of public affairs. 92 GEORGE WALLACE MELVILLE Rear Admiral U. S. Navy Member 1906 Died March 19, 1912 Biographies of Deceased Members GEORGE WALLACE MELVILLE, Rear Admiral U. S. Navy, member 1906. Admiral Melville was of a noted Scotch family ; many of them left strenuous footmarks in Scottish history. His grandfather, James Melville, of Stirling, emigrated to New York in 1804, and his father, the second son, Alexander, a man of great stature, was nicknamed " Big Sandy." He was a graduate of the University of St. Andrew's. Three of his sons entered the service of the United States in the Civil War. George Wallace, the oldest, born in New York City, January 10, 1841, was educated in the public schools and at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. He served an apprenticeship at mechanical engineering, and at the out- break of the Civil War, when 20 years of age, was appointed a third assistant engineer, United States Navy, and assigned to the U. S. steamer Michigan, cruising on the great western lakes ; later he was transferred to the sloop-of-war Dacotah, of the North Atlantic Fleet, participating in the attack on Lambert's Point, the capture of Norfolk, Va., and clearing the obstructions from the James River, and later with the fleet that covered the retreat of McClellan's Army to Har- rison's Landing. After a short service with Admiral Wilkes' flying squadron, he was attached, in October, 1863, to the U. S. S. Wachusett, taking prominent part when that vessel rammed and captured the Confederate privateer Florida in the harbor of Bahia, Brazil. His career in the navy was a distinguished one from the time when he entered it as an officer of the Engineer Corps to the day of his death. It was marked always by steadfast courage, often by deeds of daring, and finally by many brilliant years of service of the most important character. On every ship and at every naval station where he served, he had the marked esteem of his superiors, the respect and friendship of his associates, and the admiration and confi- dence of those who served under him. It was, however, as an Arctic explorer that Melville achieved a world-wide fame. He made three voyages to 93 Biographies of Deceased Members the Arctic regions, including the famous " Polaris Search Expedition " on the Tigress, the " Jeanette Exploring Ex- pedition," sent out by James Gordon Bennett, and the " Greely Relief Expedition " on the Thetis, sent out by the government to relieve Lieutenant Greely. In the Jeanette Expedition as Engineer-in-Chief Mel- ville commanded the famous whale-boat and brought out his whole crew alive. He led the party that found the bodies of Lieutenant DeLong and his companions and under his charge the rites of Christian burial were per- formed over these martyrs to science and humanity. The suffering and self-sacrifice in these movements, the personal heroism displayed, are without a parallel in Arctic history, and Peary properly styled him " Melville of the Lion- heart." " In later years, his keen powers of observation, his memory of detail, and his intuitive judgment of Polar con- ditions enabled him to suggest many expedients which have lessened materially the labor of subsequent explorers. " Admiral Melville was one of the world's authorities on the subject of Arctic currents. He gave also early and extended study to the question of an inter-oceanic canal be- tween the Atlantic and the Pacific, and his published views on this attracted wide attention. In many ways he was a pioneer in the development of marine and naval machinery. His use of triple screws on large vessels and his early adop- tion of the water-tube boiler for naval service are marked instances of this. His long series of experiments on the comparative values of the methods of burning coal and oil under various conditions in marine boilers is regarded as the most accurate and thorough investigation of this subject ever carried on under government auspices. As engineer- in-chief of the navy, his policy was one of wise daring. He was ceaseless in his search and development of all that was new and valuable, but his judgment and mental poise kept him from following new departures which had not fully demonstrated their worth. 94 Biographies of Deceased Members " In his successful effort to secure full recognition for engineering on the sea, he was the leader in a far-reaching movement which has virtually revolutionized the personnel of navies. The entire engineering profession of the United States was stirred to action by him a leader whom they were proud to follow and, in the end, after a struggle of ten years' duration, when the Congress officially proclaimed that the naval officer of the future should be a fighting engineer, the honor of that victory was primarily and chiefly his. " As an administrative official, Admirable Melville gave most valuable service to his country. He was the Chief of the Bureau of Steam Engineering for four consecutive terms of four years each, having been appointed originally by President Cleveland and reappointed by Presidents Harrison and McKinley. Owing to the tragic death of the latter, he served under President Roosevelt during the two final years of his last term. This long period covered the virtual crea- tion of the new navy, the war with Spain, and the critical stage of the passage from the old to the new regime in naval engineering. These were years of most brilliant service by Admirable Melville. To his wide attainments as an engineer, he added great force of character, executive abil- ity of the highest order, an intense devotion to duty, and an integrity which nothing had the power to move. His unswerving moral courage made him a most forceful factor in the rebuilding of the navy. Time and again he met, in the open, fearless and often successful warfare, various powerful interests which seemed to him to be affecting naval affairs to no good end. The dominant principle of his life was then, as always, the strongest loyalty to his country. Its interests were his. " Admiral Melville's record is without reproach. No stain mars his fame. President Cleveland's terse comment on his first report as engineer-in-chief , " We need more such men," may well be echoed now by the navy and the nation. 95 Biographies of Deceased Members His friendships were warm and enduring, and his memory is a benediction to those who were near his heart." In 1903 Admiral Melville was retired on age under the law for the navy, and became associated with W. H. McAlpin as consulting engineer and marine architect. They designed the Melville-McAlpin reduction gear for turbine engines, reducing considerably the cost of operation. Mr. McAlpin retired from the firm in 1911 to accept a position with the Westinghouse Company. Admiral Melville designed for the City of Philadelphia an improved ice-boat for use on the Delaware River. Rear Admiral Melville was a past president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and one of the vice-presidents of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. He also served as president of the American Society of Naval Engineers. At the time of his death he was commander-in-chief of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, and a member of Gen. George G. Meade Post, No. i, Philadelphia, Grand Army of the Republic. His scientific ability was recognized by Georgetown Uni- versity, the University of Pennsylvania, Columbia Univer- sity, Stevens Institute, Hoboken, and Harvard University, all of which conferred honorary degrees upon him. Admiral Melville was twice married and two daughters by his first wife survived him. In October, 1907, he was married to Miss Estelle S. Polis, who died in 1909, leaving a number of public bequests with the Admiral as executor of her estate. Possessed of a vigorous constitution, notwith- standing the strain of his arduous services in the Arctic regions, he took an active part in public matters, especially those connected with naval engineering, and frequently appeared before scientific and other societies to speak on themes on which he was a recognized expert. He died in Philadelphia, March 17, 1912, the day he was to retire from the position of president of the Friendly Sons 96 Biographies of Deceased Members of St. Patrick, and his funeral was attended by a large number of prominent citizens. [Records Commandery-in-Chief, Military Order of the Loyal Legion, et al.] GENERAL HUGH MERCER, The sword of. General Mer- cer was mortally wounded at the Battle of Princeton, N. J., January 3, 1777, and died at that place on January 12. " Historical Catalogue, The St. Andrew's Society," 1907, pages 273-279. The United States Gazette of December 3, 1841, in an extended report of the 93rd Anniversary of the Society, records the fact of the presentation of the sword of General Mercer to the Society, which was accepted on its behalf by Dr. John K. Mitchell, father of our honored past President, Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. The letter accompanying the sword, dated January 17, 1841, was simply signed " H. Morgan," and stated that the sword was presented to the late General Morgan and had been carefully preserved by her late husband " as the memorial of friendship bestowed by a brave man upon his honored father." The Christian names of her husband and his father and of her own were not given in this letter, but the resolution of thanks adopted by the Society for the presentation named Mrs. George W. Morgan, and the name of General Jacob Morgan is inscribed upon the sword case. Deeming it a matter of considerable interest to clear up any doubt as to the origin of this valued relic, the writer found that there was no general officer named Jacob Morgan on the Revolutionary rolls. There are, however, in the annals of that period, repeated references to Colonel George Morgan of Princeton, New Jersey, whose father had settled there before the Revolution on a large tract of land on which he had erected a fine man- sion. Colonel Morgan was appointed by the Congress in 1776 as agent for Indian affairs, to visit the tribes in Western 97 Biographies of Deceased Members Pennsylvania and secure their adherence to the cause of the Colonies in the war then pending, and in this he was very successful. It seemed probable, as this Morgan family lived near where General Mercer lay in a dying condition for several days, that they after the troops had departed would be called upon to aid the wounded officer, and that thus this sword came into their possession. Correspondence with that family (now represented in Western Pennsylvania), after the first " Historical Catalogue " was printed, convinced the writer that this inference was incorrect. Then the investigation turned to the Berks County Mor- gan family, with better results. Captain Jacob Morgan, Senior, served in the Provincial War against the French and Indians in the same regiment with Lieutenant-Colonel Hugh Mercer. A son, Jacob, Junior, then only 16 years of age, also enlisted for that cam- paign in Captain Levi Trump's Company. Mercer was pro- moted to colonel and assigned to the command of the Third Battalion, and Jacob Morgan, Jr., was appointed his adjutant and was thus brought into close confidential relations with his chief. This young man was born in Caernarvon Town- ship, Berks County, in 1742, and we have now but to identify him with the General Morgan referred to in Mrs. " H." Morgan's letter. Westcott in his biographical notes in the Sunday Dis- patch, states: Brig.-General Jacob Morgan died at Point-no- Point (Bridesburg, Phila.), September 17, 1802, aged 60 years. He was born in western part of Pennsylvania, and enlisted in one of the Provincial Regiments at the age of 15, and was Adjutant at the time of the Peace in 1763. During the Revolution he was a volunteer, and in the militia Major of Col. John Dickinson's Regiment. He took part in the battles of Trenton and Princeton. After the end of the Revolution, he entered into business as a merchant. He was a member of the Legislature from the County of Philadelphia at one period. He was a Presidential Elector and voted for Jefferson. He was elected Brigadier General of the County Brigade in 1793 and held the commission to June 3, 1802. 98 Biographies of Deceased Members In this brief notice we have the salient points: Jacob Morgan's service as a lad in the Provincial regiment, of such merit as to earn promotion as adjutant to Colonel Mercer ; later service in the war of the Revolution at Trenton and Princeton, where General Mercer received his fatal wounds ; afterward in the militia as colonel, First Battalion of Associators of Philadelphia, and then as brigadier-gen- eral of the county brigade. From 1777 to 1782 he resided in Reading, and then located in Philadelphia to pursue a suc- cessful business career. The one error in Westcott's state- ment is that Jacob Morgan was born in Western Pennsyl- vania, and we are indebted to Louis Richards, Esq., president Berks County Historical Society, for the record of his birth in that county. He was senior member of the firm of Morgan, Douglass & Shaffer, 54-56 North Third Street, Philadelphia, sugar refiners, and active in political and business life of the city. He was a man of high standing in the community, and it may be safely assumed that such a man would not wilfully deceive himself or deceive others by misrepresentation of any fact within his own knowledge. To conclude properly a somewhat lengthy search, we have only to locate George W. Morgan and his wife, who signed her name in the letter referred to as " H." Morgan. The Aurora of February 10, 1797, has the following notice : Married, on Wednesday morning last (February 8, 1797), by Rev. Dr. Rogers, Mr. George W. Morgan, son of General Jacob Morgan of the Northern Liberties, to Miss Hetty Leib, daughter of George Leib, of the same place. This then is the important missing link, George W. Morgan and " H " (Hetty) his wife, and the case is satis- factorily closed. The assumption, therefore, as to Colonel George Mor- gan, of Princeton, in connection with this presentation, was clearly erroneous. 99 Biographies of Deceased Members GENERAL MERCER AT PRINCETON By CHARLES D. PLATT Here Mercer fell, with bayonet-pierced breast Facing his country's foes upon the field, Scorning to cry for quarter or to yield, Though single-handed, left, and sore opprest. He, at his chosen country's high behest, Was sent to be a leader and to shield Her threatened life ; with his heart's blood he sealed That trust, nor faltered till he sank to rest. Mourn not for him; say not, untimely death Snatched him from fame ere we could know his worth And hid the lustre of a glorious name; Such souls go forth, when fails their vital breath, To shine as beacons through the mists of earth And kindle in men's hearts heroic flame. CALEB JONES MILNE, Life member 1860, Vice-president 1884-85, President 1886-87. Mr. Milne was born in Philadelphia, January 4, 1839, the son of David Milne (President The St. Andrew's Society 1862-63) an d Beulah Thomas Parker. In boyhood he was a pupil at the boarding-school of George Murray (member 1845), a Scotchman, and well-known educator, whose school was in New Britain, near Doylestown, Pa. Later he attended the Episcopal Academy, where the Rev. Dr. Hare was head master. About 1855 ne entered the office of his father, who was a manufacturer of cotton and woollen goods, in which business he became a partner in 1859. In 1886 he took his two sons into partnership, under the firm name of C. J. Milne & Sons. During the Civil War, 1862-63, he closed his mill, then known as The Real Caledonia Factory, which occupied the present site of the Polyclinic Hospital, on Lombard Street near i8th Street, and engaged actively in the work of the United States Christian Commission. Valuable services were rendered by him at Falmouth, Va., City Point, Va., 100 CALEB JONES MILNE Member 1860 President 1886-1887 Died in London, England, July i, 1912 Biographies of Deceased Members Nashville, Tenn., and at other places, in caring for the sick and wounded soldiers, both in the field and in the hospital. Toward the close of the Civil War his energies were again directed to the promotion and enlargement of his textile interests, which thereafter constantly increased. In conse- quence he acquired a mill at 2ist and Naudain Streets, and in 1883 he leased one of the Bruner Mills at 22d and Hamil- ton Streets, and also a mill in Frankford. In 1887 all his textile interests were centralized on the Brandywine Creek near Wilmington, Delaware, in what were then known as the Brandywine Cotton Mills, continuing there until 1895, when he removed his business to Philadelphia, to occupy the building, at nth Street and Washington Avenue, which he had built on the ground formerly occupied by the Macpelah Cemetery. His activity in commercial life led him to invest in numerous industrial, mercantile, and financial corporations, in some of which he assisted in the management. He served as president of the American District Telegraph Company and was also president for many years of the Peerless Brick Company of Philadelphia. This company was noted for the excellence of its pressed bricks and ornamental shapes, which it manufactured on a large plot of ground (68 acres in extent) at Old York Road and Nicetown Lane. The ground is now occupied by the offices and car-barns of the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company. He was one of the founders of the United Security Life Insurance and Trust Company of Pennsylvania, and about 1872 he assisted in organizing the Bank of America, of which he was president. He was an active director of the American Security and Trust Company of Washington, D. C. Through his mer- cantile interests he became identified with Finch, Van Slyck & McConville, of St. Paul, Minn., the leading wholesale dry- goods firm of the Northwest, in which company he was a director. Mr. Milne was closely identified with many charitable in- stitutions. He was one of the incorporators and president 101 Biographies of Deceased Members of the Pennsylvania Working Home for Blind Men, the original institution of its kind in the United States ; a trustee for thirty-six years of the Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb; a manager of the Howard Hospital for forty years; and he was also at one time president of the Southern Home for Destitute Children. He was a trustee of the Hahnemann Hospital and of the Philadelphia Home for Incurables. While president of the Pennsylvania Prison Society in 1889, he was appointed by Governor Beaver one of the State inspectors of the Eastern Penitentiary, and the same year he was appointed a commissioner to represent the State of Pennsylvania at the Universal Exposition held in Paris. In 1894 Governor Robert E. Pattison appointed him a delegate-at-large to represent the Commonwealth at the Prison Congress held in the City of St. Paul, Minn. Generous and liberal, his gifts to the benevolent and chari- table institutions were many. Most of his donations were unknown except to the recipients. There are records of free beds in perpetuity having been established by him in the following hospitals : The Hahnemann, the Medico-Chirurgical, the Pennsyl- vania, the Polyclinic, the Presbyterian, and in the Philadel- phia Home for Incurables. For nearly forty years he was a member and a liberal contributor to the Protestant Episcopal Church of the Holy Trinity, I9th and Walnut Streets. His membership in social, patriotic, and other organiza- tions included the Union League, Rittenhouse Club, Art Club, Penn Club (at one time a director), Corinthian Yacht Club, Metropolitan Club of Washington, D. C, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Genealogical Society, Academy of Natural Sciences, Numismatic and Antiquarian Society, New England Society, Society of Sons of the Revolution, Colonial Society of Pennsylvania (of which he was a Councillor), Albion Society, Pennsylvania Society of New York, and he was a member of Union Lodge No. 121, F. and A. M., and a 32d degree Mason. 102 Biographies of Deceased Members Mr. Milne took a deep interest in all that concerned the advancement of The St. Andrew's Society, both in its chari- table work and in its social meetings. As an evidence of this, in October, 1883, he donated $1000 to the Supper Fund, and on February 28, 1906, Mr. Milne offered to donate to the Supper Fund a sum equal to that subscribed by other members up to $5000. The Society contributed toward this fund $1258, which with Mr. Milne's gift added the sum of $2516 to the Supper Fund. It was his desire that the expense occasioned by the social gatherings should never encroach upon the Charity Fund of the Society. Again, on February 28, 1910, he offered to make a donation of $500 to the Supper Fund if the members contributed $1000. This sum was obtained before the meeting of October 3ist of that year, and thus a further increase was made to this fund. He contributed also $100 towards the restoration of lona Cathedral in Scotland. When the " Historical Catalogue of 1907 " of the Society was completed, it was found that it had expanded much beyond the original expectations. Mr. Milne then gener- ously contributed $900 toward the expense of publishing. When the Society relinquished to the Scot's Thistle Society its interest in the burial lot held in common in Mt. Moriah Cemetery, Mr. Milne presented to the Society, in 1905, a fine burial lot in Woodlands Cemetery, on which the present granite monument was erected. In 1888 he entertained the Society at his country-seat, " Roslyn Manor," School House Lane, Germantown. This place contains nearly fifty acres and is beautifully situated on the Wissahickon. From the foregoing it may be inferred that Mr. Milne had a deep love for The St. Andrew's Society. In 1858 he married Sarah Margaretta Shea, daughter of John Shea and Susanna Barbara Wolff, of Pittsburgh, Pa., who died July 13, 1896. By her he had two sons, David 2d, Life member 1887, Vice-president 1894-97, and 103 Biographies of Deceased Members President 1898-99, and Caleb Jones, Jr., Life member 1887, and now, 1912-14, Vice-president. An extensive traveller, he had crossed the Atlantic Ocean nineteen times and had spent much time in Europe. One of the results was the rare and valuable collection of paint- ings and bric-a-brac that adorned his town house at 2030 Walnut Street. When in London, on June 30, 1912, he was struck by a taxicab at Trafalgar Square, and was so seriously injured that he died the following day at Charing Cross Hospital. After his remains were brought to the United States, services were held on July 13, 1912, at his former country-place, " Roslyn Manor," and interment was made in his burial lot at West Laurel Hill Cemetery. FRANCIS FORBES MILNE, member 1860, was born in Philadelphia, April 6, 1837; died at his residence, 1714 Spruce Street, in Philadelphia, April 12, 1912, and was buried in the family vault in North Laurel Hill Cemetery. In boyhood he attended the Episcopal Academy when Dr. Hare was head master. On June 30, 1859, he and his brothers, James and Caleb J., succeeded their father, David Milne, in the business of manufacturing cotton and woollen goods, under the firm name of Milne Brothers. The business had been established in 1830. In 1868 he retired from business, and afterward was not engaged in mercantile affairs. On September 26, 1863, he married Maria Sheppard Dodson, who died July 25, 1864. On June 9, 1870, he mar- ried Annie Clyde, daughter of the late Thomas Clyde of Philadelphia. His widow, two sons, Clyde and Francis Forbes Milne, Jr., and one daughter, Mrs. Harry Bartol Brazier, survive him. He was a member of the Union League, and in 1865 joined the Masonic Order, Union Lodge No. 121. He asso- ciated himself with the Academy of Natural Sciences in order to pursue microscopical studies, and was prominent 104 Biographies of Deceased Members in the Philadelphia Photographic Society, with which he was long identified. He was active likewise in charitable work and institutions. REV. ALEXANDER MURRAY, D.D., member 1790. The Reverend Alexander Murray, briefly referred to in volume I, " History of The St. Andrew's Society," was born in Scotland in 1727 and was educated in King's College, Aberdeen. After his ordination to the ministry, he was induced, it appears, by the Rev. William Smith, who was a graduate of the same college and who was then on a visit to England in the interest of the Academy and College of Philadelphia, to come to Pennsylvania under an appointment by the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts. Mr. Murray arrived in this country in 1 763 and immediately began his ministry at Reading, Pennsylvania. His ecclesiastical views were of a very decided character and his work as a missionary extensive. He laid the foun- dations of St. Mary's Church at Reading, where the people were most desirous for the continuance of his ministry. He also had charge of the parish of St. Gabriel, Morlatton, opposite Norristown, and of those at Birdsboro and at Doug- lasville, Berks County, Pennsylvania. During the agitation which existed previous to the War for Independence, Dr. Murray sympathized strongly with the colonies, and in 1775 with a number of other clergymen signed a paper praying " for some method of conciliation and satisfaction of a reasonably discontented people." When, however, separation became an accomplished fact, he refused to discontinue prayers for the royal family, considering himself bound by his oath to the Crown, and because of this he was threatened with some violence. In 1778 he sailed for London, and continued to reside there during the Revolutionary War. Being always a strong advocate for an Episcopal Church in the colonies, he used his influence with the Archbishop of Canterbury in asking for the consecration of bishops in the 105 Biographies of Deceased Members United States. He maintained correspondence with the Rev. William White, D.D., and the Rev. Dr. Smith, com- municating the conditions under which consecration would be administered. His advice and influence contributed to that end and deserved honorable mention and grateful re- membrance, resulting, as it did, in the consecration of Bishops William White of Pennsylvania and Samuel Pro- voost of New York, in the chapel of Lambeth Palace, London, February 4, 1787. In 1790 Dr. Murray returned to Philadelphia, and con- tinued to reside there until his death, September 14, 1793. By his will he left directions to found bursaries in connec- tion with the university at which he graduated. In volume iii, page 187, 2d series, Pennsylvania Archives, there is recorded a petition from Dr. Murray to the Supreme Executive Council of the State for permission to sell the real estate belonging to the above-named society, " as the Act of Congress declaring the Thirteen Colonies Independ- ent of Great Britain made it necessary to discontinue its missionaries in these parts and employ them in others." The memorial is endorsed, " Ordered that it be granted." Dr. Murray was buried in Christ Church-yard, and the inscription on the tombstone over his grave (recorded page 297, volume I, " Hist. Catalogue, The St. Andrew's Society ") may be here repeated: Born in North Britain ; educated in King's College, Aberdeen; departed this life September 14, 1793. " A truly honest Man, Reader who e'er thou art, Strive to attain this Character." "A Wit's a feather, and a Chiefs a rod; An honest Man's the noblest work of God." [Memoir by Rev. John A. Childs, D.D., Penna. Archives et a/.] 1 06 Biographies of Deceased Members GEORGE MURRAY, member 1845. Mr- Murray was born in the parish of Keith, Bannf, Scotland, February 20, 1781, the son of George and Margaret Wilson Murray, of that place. He died in Doylestown, Penna., August 22, 1876, at the age of 95 years and six months. When scarcely out of his teens he was graduated from Marischal College, Aberdeen, and then taught for a while in a private family in the Highlands. In 1804 ne came to America and landed in Quebec, and, after remaining a few days there, went to Albany, New York, walking most of the way, as transportation was very limited. He then proceeded to New York City on a sloop, requiring two days for the trip. He later located at Basking-Ridge near Mor- ristown, New Jersey, where he began teaching school, in which occupation he was to attain a high rank. He taught schools in various places in Bucks County, Penna., from 1807, moving to Doylestown in 1820 or 1821, where he was a teacher in Union Academy until 1829, when he established a private school, which soon gained an ex- tended reputation. Pupils came from all settled portions of the country, from the New England States on the east and as far south as New Orleans, from Canada, and even from the Danish island of St. Thomas. Mr. Caleb J. Milne, of The St. Andrew's Society, was one of his scholars. In 1850 Mr. Murray concluded to give up teaching and retire to his farm, having spent 50 years as teacher in Scotland and this country. He was a man of splendid mental attainments, a thor- ough linguist, a profound mathematician, a man of wide general information and broad culture. He was also a beau- tiful penman, being scrupulously correct in composition and writing. He had an attractive personality, which, added to a fine sense of humor, made him delightfully companion- able with the learned. When the Daguerre process of taking likenesses was introduced into the United States, Murray and three com- panions travelled to Philadelphia, and their daguerrotypes were among the first taken here by that process. 107 Biographies of Deceased Members Mr. Murray was twice married. His first wife was Parmelia Brown, by whom he had two children, daughters. His second wife was Rebecca Potts, of Southampton, who died February 5, 1863. There were six children by this marriage. Mr. Murray was an active member of the Baptist church. [Doylestown Democrat, August 31, 1908.] COLONEL CARSWELL MCCLELLAN, member 1865, was the second son of Dr. Samuel McClellan, of Philadelphia, and his wife Margaret Carswell Ely, and a brother of Dr. Ely McClellan, referred to, page 240, " Hist. Catalogue, The St. Andrew's Society" (1907). He was born in Philadelphia, December 3, 1835, and died in St. Paul, Minnesota, March 6, 1892. After a year at the University of Pennsylvania, Colonel McClellan entered Williams College, and was graduated in 1855, receiving the degree of A.M. in 1858. He became a noted civil engineer, being identified with railroad construc- tion and operation in the Western States and in Brazil. After the outbreak of the Civil War he was commissioned second lieutenant, Thirty-second New York Infantry, May 7, 1862; captain and assistant adjutant-general of volun- teers, October i, 1862; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel U. S. Volunteers, March 13, 1865, " for gallant and meri- torious services during the war." He served on the staff of General Andrew A. Humphreys, and participated in the battles of Malvern Hill, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, etc., being wounded both at Malvern Hill and Gettysburg. He was taken prisoner in the fight for the Weldon Railroad, August 19, 1864; paroled and honorably discharged November 16, 1864. He married Annie Davis, daughter of Vines Davis, of Collinsville, Illinois. At the time of his death he was engaged in writing a his- tory of the Third Corps, Army of the Potomac. As a writer he wielded a strong, graceful, and polished pen. 108 GEORGE B. McCLELLAN, M.D. Member 1911 Died March 29, 1913 Biographies of Deceased Members PROF. GEORGE MCCLELLAN, M.D., member 1911. Dr. McClellan was born in Philadelphia, October 29, 1849, an ^ died in that city, after a short illness, on March 29, 1913. He had a notable ancestry, dating back to Colonial times. General George B. McClellan, for a time commander of the Union forces during the Civil War, was his uncle ; the for- mer Mayor of New York of the same name was his cousin; Dr. George McClellan, who founded Jefferson College in 1825, was his grandfather, and his father was Dr. John Hill Brinton McClellan, also a noted physician; General Samuel McClellan, of Woodstock, Conn., a bosom friend of Washington, was his great-great-grandfather. Dr. McClellan entered the department of Arts at the University of Pennsylvania in 1865, and left there in his senior year to matriculate at the Jefferson College, from which he graduated as M.D. in 1870. He at once began the practice of his profession, devoting himself to general surgery. In 1872 he went abroad and pursued his studies in the great hospitals of Paris, Berlin, Vienna, London, and Edin- burgh. Upon his return he was successively elected surgeon to the Howard Hospital, the Philadelphia General Hospital, and the St. Joseph's Hospital. Dr. McClellan began his career as a teacher at the Penn- sylvania School of Anatomy and Surgery, established by him in 1 88 1, where he taught for twelve years and first developed his talent for free-hand drawing, with which he illustrated his lectures. This talent, his anatomical knowledge and love of art, led to his election as professor of anatomy and art at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, where he lec- tured for twenty-three years. In 1906 he was elected to the chair of applied anatomy at the Jefferson College, which professorship he held at the time of his death. His book on Regional Anatomy, unique in the field of anatomical writings, passed through four editions, and was translated into French and passed through two editions in Paris. 109 Biographies of Deceased Members Dr. McClellan employed photography in the illustration of his work on anatomy. Besides his books on Regional Anatomy and Anatomy in its Relation to Art, he wrote the " Anatomy of Children " in Keating's " Encyclopaedia of the Diseases of Children," and such other scientific papers as A Study of the Effects of Shock, the Repair of Wounds, etc., and on practical sur- gical subjects as the Treatment of Carbuncle by the Sponge Dressing and Pressure, and the Uses of the Antiseptic Moist Sponge Dressing in Amputations of the Joints. He also in- vented a valuable surgical needle. In miscellaneous writing he produced a number of papers on various subjects, an amusing sketch, among others, of the life of George Fred- erick Cooke, the actor (whose skull had been presented to him by the famous Dr. Francis), called " The Strolling of a Player's Head," a life of Dr. Physick, and a short biogra- phy of his own grandfather. Besides holding the chairs of anatomy at the Academy of Fine Arts and at Jefferson Medical College, Dr. McClellan was a member of the Association of American Anatomists, of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of the Academy of Sur- gery, of the Medical Club of Philadelphia, of the University Club, the Contemporary Club, vice-president of the Philo- biblon Club, consulting surgeon to the Howard Hospital, and lecturer on anatomy at the Pennsylvania School of Anatomy and Surgery. He died after a three days' illness, retaining conscious- ness and the use of all his faculties to the end. The large attendance of students at his funeral was the best evidence of their appreciation of him, and the representative men in all walks of life who filled the church attested the high respect in which he was held. The loss of such a man is indeed to be deplored. In 1873 Dr. McClellan married Miss Harriet Hare, daughter of Robert Harford Hare and Catharine Fleming, and granddaughter of Dr. Robert Hare, also a noted physician. [Copied in part from sketch by Mrs. Franklin Q. Brown.] no JAMES McCREA (Former President Pennsylvania R. R. Co.) Member 1907 Died March 28, 1913 Biographies of Deceased Members JAMES McCREA, member 1907. Mr. McCrea was born in Philadelphia, May I, 1848, and died at his home, Ard- more, Penna., March 28, 1913. He was the son of Dr. James Alexander and Ann B. Foster McCrea and a de- scendant of one of the oldest families in Pennsylvania. His first American ancestor, whose name he bore, came to this State in 1776 from Londonderry, Ireland, as a representa- tive of one of the leading foreign banking institutions, and immediately took front rank as a financier. On Irish soil the McCrea family goes back five generations to the historic clan McRea of Scotland. Mr. McCrea wore their coat-of- arms engraved on the seal of a finger-ring. The future president of the Pennsylvania Railroad received his early training at the school of the Rev. John W. Faries, D.D., and the Pennsylvania Polytechnic College, being graduated from the latter institution with the degree of civil engineer. He began his railway service in 1865, as rodman, then was made assistant engineer of the Connells- ville and Southern Pennsylvania Railroad. In 1867, he was transferred to engineering work in the construction of the Wilmington and Reading Railroad. The following year he was engaged as assistant engineer on the Allegheny Valley Railroad. Mr. McCrea entered the service of the Pennsylvania Rail- road in 1871 as principal assistant engineer in the construc- tion department, where his work won almost instant recog- nition because of its accuracy and the ready knowledge of the young engineer. His advancement was rapid to places of responsibility requiring executive ability. He was appointed assistant engineer of maintenance of way of the Philadelphia Division August i, 1874; promoted to the superintendency of the Middle Division on January i, 1875, then advanced to the position of superintendent of the New York Division October 15, 1878. The long connection of Mr. McCrea with the western lines of the Pennsylvania Railroad began on May i, 1882, when he was made manager of the Southwest System, with head- in Biographies of Deceased Members quarters at Columbus, Ohio. On October 10, 1885, he was advanced to the post of general manager of all the lines west of Pittsburgh ; on October 19, 1887, he was made fourth vice- president, second vice-president on March i, 1890, and first vice-president on April 23, 1891. The position of vice-president was held for 16 years by Mr. McCrea, during which he was closely associated in projects of great development that pressed upon the com- pany in meeting the demands of the great city at the head- waters of the Ohio. During this period he became president of the Vandalia Railroad Company; Grand Rapids and In- diana Railway Company; Cleveland, Akron and Columbus Railway Company ; Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley Rail- way Company, and a number of lesser transportation lines. Mr. McCrea was elected a director of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company June 9, 1899, at the time of the election of A. J. Cassatt as president. Following the death of Mr. Cassatt, in December, 1906, he was chosen president of the company on January 2, 1907. Soon after assuming the presidency of the corporation he was elected president of the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad; the Northern Central Railway Company; the West Jersey and Seashore Railroad Company; the Pennsylvania Company, and the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Rail- way Company. Before his election to the head of the company and while still a resident of Pittsburgh, Mr. McCrea was, in February, 1898, elected a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania, succeeding ex-Senator John Scott. It was the first time in the history of the institution that a member of the board had been selected from a city outside Philadelphia. He remained a trustee five years, resigning because it was impos- sible to attend the meetings of the board. Mr. McCrea possessed a personality that made him popu- lar with his associates and other officials of the company. He was a great lover of home and family, keenly enjoyed domestic life, and his great longing was for the coming of a 112 Biographies of Deceased Members time when he might retire when still in vigor and good health to the privacy of home and family circle. He possessed a wide acquaintance with financiers, railroad officials, edu- cators, and professional men on both sides of the Atlantic, and numbered governors and presidents among his personal friends. DAVID MclLVAiNE, a founder of The St. Andrew's So- ciety, 1749, Secretary 1752, Assistant 1757-1760. He was a brother of William, also one of the founders of the Society, noted below. He was born in Ayr, Scotland, September 22, 1723, and died in Philadelphia in 1761. His father, Joseph Mcllvaine, who married, first, Anna Rodgerson, of Dumfries, and, later, Jane Hunter, of Ayr, was a man of prominence in the town of Ayr and held a num- ber of positions of importance. They traced descent back to Alexander Macilvaine, who about 1520 married a niece of the Earl of Cassilis, and who in 1529 was confirmed by James V to lands now part of the possessions of the Earl of Cassilis, Marquis of Ailsa. Two of the sons of Joseph Mcllvaine, David and William, came to America about 1745 and settled in Phila- delphia. They engaged as partners in business as shipping merchants, which grew to large proportions, and the ships of which they were owners, or part owners, constituted a considerable fleet. Both the brothers joined the social circles of that day, as they, with other members of The St. Andrew's Society, as elsewhere stated, were subscribers to the notable City Dancing Assembly. David married Miss Elizabeth (Betty) Gray don, daughter of Col. Alexander Graydon, of the Pro- vincial Army of Pennsylvania, and it appears from the terms of his will that he died without issue. A brother of Mrs. Mcllvaine was Alexander Graydon, Jr., a gallant soldier during the Revolution and subsequently an author of celebrity; his memoirs of the times are fre- quently referred to by historians. "3 Biographies of Deceased Members [Reference to this family of Mcllvaines condensed from Frank Willing Leach's " Old Philadelphia Families," in the North American, June 16, 1912.] JOSEPH MclLVAiNE, JUNIOR, member 1834. Born in Burlington, New Jersey, December 31, 1800; died in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, January 16, 1839. His father, Joseph Mcllvaine, was a son of Doctor William Mcllvaine, whose biography follows. Joseph Mc- llvaine attained great prominence in public affairs and filled a number of high positions. After leaving his father's place in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, he settled in Burlington, New Jersey, and was later elected United States Senator from that State. His sons also secured responsible positions in social, political, and business life. Our member, Joseph, was graduated from Princeton in 1818 and was admitted to the Philadelphia bar in 1821. On August 29, 1829, he was appointed Recorder of the City of Philadelphia, and so served until elected a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. He was secretary of a commission appointed by the Legislature to obtain in- formation and determine whether the Commonwealth should lend its aid in building a canal system to Lake Erie, or, in the construction of a railroad over the Allegheny Mountains, subsequently assumed by the Pennsylvania Railroad. While in the performance of his legislative duties at Har- risburg, Mr. Mcllvaine died there on the date stated. His brother, Charles Pettit Mcllvaine, born January 18, 1799, shared with his father the distinction of preeminence among the members of the Mcllvaine Clan in America. Educated for the church, he was in 1832 elected the Protes- tant Episcopal Bishop of Ohio. WILLIAM MC!LVAINE, a founder of the Society in 1749, Assistant 1749, Treasurer 1750-1756. The older brother of David, referred to above. He was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, March 31, 1722, and died at his country-place 114 Biographies of Deceased Members in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 1770, and was buried in the graveyard of the Newtown Presbyterian Church. His business association with his brother David is men- tioned above. He survived his brother a number of years, and was very active in all public affairs of his time. In 1756, when through the alliance of the French and Indians many settlers on the outskirts were murdered and their properties destroyed, the Assembly refused to appro- priate sufficient money for defensive or offensive purposes, alleging that the Crown should provide the means. At this time William Mcllvaine was one of the signers in a petition to the King to grant needed relief. Various bodies of provincial troops were organized, and it is elsewhere recorded that members of The St. Andrew's Society were to be found in most of them. Mr. Mcllvaine became a member of Captain John Kidd's Independent Com- pany of Foot. Mr. Kidd was also one of the founders of the Society. Mr. Mcllvaine was twice married, first in May, 1747, to Ann Emerson, daughter of Caleb Emerson. He was married a second time on November 3, 1766, to Margaret Cross, who survived her husband. He was a member while in Philadelphia of the Old But- tonwood Church, as it was called, the First Presbyterian Church, then located on Market Street between Second and Third Streets. He was an elder of this church a number of years. Besides his residence in Philadelphia, Mr. Mcllvaine, having acquired a competency, purchased a plantation in Bucks County, Penna., where prior to the Revolution he set- tled permanently and there died. In his will he named his wife and three children, William, Joseph, and Mary, as beneficiaries. The latter became the wife of Joseph Bloomfield, greatly distinguished in the his- tory of New Jersey as soldier, lawyer, and statesman. The oldest son, William, was in Scotland at the time of his father's death, studying medicine. He is referred to below as a member of the Society, 1786. "5 Biographies of Deceased Members DOCTOR WILLIAM MC!LVAINE, member 1786, Physician of the Society 1793. Doctor Mcllvaine was the eldest son of William Mcllvaine, a founder of the Society, referred to in the preceding sketch. He was born in Philadelphia, July 8, 1750. In 1766 his father sent him to Scotland to complete his classical education and to study medicine, and he remained there until 1773, having taken his degree of M.D. at the University of Edinburgh in 1771. Upon returning to America he established himself first at " Fairview," his father's country-seat in Bucks County, and was still there when the war for Independence broke out, when he promptly offered his services to the Colonial cause and was, on October 9, 1775, commissioned captain of a company of light infantry, or " Associators," organized in that county. Later he commanded a company in the Third Battalion at Philadelphia. His time of duty having expired, he enlisted as a private, and as such took part in the Battle of Red Bank, New Jersey, October 22, 1777. Later he was commissioned surgeon in Colonel Charles Read's regiment, and was present at the Battle of Monmouth, June 28, 1778. According to family tradition, he was taken prisoner in one of the battles in which he participated, and was confined in the dreaded prison ships. The war being over, he retired to " Fairview," and on September 3, 1784, was appointed justice of the peace for Bucks County, and one week later was commissioned a justice of the Court of Common Pleas for the same county. Subsequently he returned to his native city, Philadelphia, and here practised his profession a number of years, being associated with Doctor Benjamin Rush and other distin- guished medical practitioners. When the yellow fever broke out in 1793, he removed his family to Burlington, where his sister Mrs. Bloomfield resided, but he remained at his post in Philadelphia and finally contracted the disease, and was nursed through it by a faithful negro servant, his family being kept in ignorance of his condition. 116 Biographies of Deceased Members Upon recovering he joined his wife and children at Bur- lington, and there established a permanent residence in a fine old house on the banks of the Delaware, which is still standing. Doctor Mcllvaine was three times married, first, No- vember 6, 1773, to Margaret Rodman, of a distinguished Colonial family. She died February 22, 1781. He was mar- ried again in Christ Church, Philadelphia, December 2, 1782, to Rebecca, daughter of Judge William Coxe. This lady died September 13, 1783. Doctor Mcllvaine's third mar- riage was on June 16, 1785, to Mary, daughter of Chief Justice Edward Shippen. This lady was one of the famous belles of the Revolutionary period. Thus Doctor Mcllvaine had, within twelve years, formed matrimonial alliances with three of the most distinguished families of the time. He died at Burlington, New Jersey, September 16, 1806, and was buried from St. Mary's Protestant Episcopal Church. HUGH MCLEAN, member 1874. Hugh McLean was born June 29, 1829, in the Parish of Kirkhill, Inverness-shire, Scotland, the son of Alexander and Catherine (McCallum) McLean. He died in Philadelphia, July 17, 1897, and was buried in Laurel Hill Cemetery. Mr. McLean learned the saddlery trade in Scotland, and, on coming to Philadelphia in 1848, entered the employ of Messrs, W. S. Hansell & Sons, sad- dlers, as a salesman. Later in that year he went to New Orleans as salesman for the branch house of that firm, and there remained until 1859, when he returned to Philadelphia, and was engaged as salesman for Messrs. McCallum, Crease & Sloan, carpet manufacturers. In 1866 Mr. McLean entered the carpet business in Phila- delphia on his own account, and continued in it until he retired in 1877. 117 Biographies of Deceased Members During the Civil War, Mr. McLean served in the field in 1863 with the Landis Battery of Philadelphia. He married, in 1864, Mary Frances Richardson of Philadelphia. His eldest son, William, is a Life member of The St. Andrew's Society. Mr. McLean was a member of the Presbyterian Church, at one time a member of the board of trustees and treasurer of the Olivet Presbyterian Church, but, after removal to Germantown, he attended the Summit Presbyterian Church, and later until the time of his death the Mount Airy Presby- terian Church. In the Minute relative to the death of Mr. McLean adopted by The St. Andrew's Society, he was pronounced a man of sound, sterling sense and special business capacity, and a member who had rarely missed attending its meetings. DAVID CAMPBELL NIMLET, member 1889. Mr. Nimlet was born in Paisley, Scotland, July 7, 1846, and died at his home, Cedar Grove, Philadelphia, November n, 1912. His parents, David and Jean Nimlet, were both of Scotch birth, and were married in Paisley on New Year's Day, 1840. They came to America in May, 1847. Mr. Nimlet received his education at the Olney public school, and later at the Philadelphia high school, of which he was a graduate. Mr. Nimlet was married on the 2oth of January, 1870, at Cedar grove, to Miss Mary Whitaker, whose father, William Whitaker, was a large manufacturer of cotton goods. He is survived by his wife and two daughters, Vir- ginia Campbell Nimlet and Marion Graham Nimlet Fuller, wife of Rev. Horace F. Fuller of Philadelphia. Mr. Nimlet became associated in business with his father- in-law, and, some years after Mr. Whitaker's death, he be- came senior member of the firm of William Whitaker & Sons. He was affiliated with many business and financial interests. For many years he was treasurer of the Long Bros. Co., a director of the First National Bank of Phila- 118 DAVID CAMPBELL NIMLET Member 1889 Died November n, 1912 HON. HUGH MCALLISTER NORTH, LL.D. Member 1900 Died at Columbia, Pa., December 20, 1907 Biographies of Deceased Members delphia, the Second National Bank of Frankford, the Fire Association, Philadelphia, the Camden Iron Works, and the Arrott Steam Mills. He was for nearly thirty years vestryman and account- ing warden of Trinity P. E. Church, Oxford, Philadelphia. He served as deputy to the Diocesan Convention, 1874, and filled all positions to which he was called with a tact and consideration which endeared him to all his associates and made his life one of great usefulness. Mr. Nimlet was a member of the Union League, the Church Club, and the Down Town Club. HON. HUGH MCALISTER NORTH, member 1900. Born May 7, 1826, at McAlisterville, Juniata County, Pa. Died at his home in Columbia, Lancaster County, Pa., December 20, 1907. The North family was prominent and influential throughout English history, in the active fields of law and politics and as students. One of the family was Francis, Baron Guilford, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal under Charles II; another, Frederick, Lord North, was Prime Minister of England, under George III, during the American Revolution. John North, an ancestor, accompanied Cromwell to Ire- land in 1650, and remained there. The first of the family to come to America was Caleb North, with his son Roger, in 1730, and in 1748 Roger became a lieutenant in the Pro- vincial service. Roger North and his wife, Ann Rambo, had a son, Joshua, who married Mary Murray, and their son, John, was the father of Hugh McAlister North. John North was married to Jane Houston McAlister, daughter of Hugh McAlister, and granddaughter of Major Hugh McAlister, of the Revolutionary service, and great- granddaughter of Hugh McAlister, who came to America from Ireland, whither his ancestors went with other Protes- tants from Scotland in 1730. Her grandfather, Major Hugh 119 Biographies of Deceased Members McAlister, at the close of the Revolutionary War, retired to the Lost Creek Valley of Juniata County, and founded the town of McAlisterville. Mr. North received careful early training, and gradu- ated at the age of twenty years from the Mifflinburg Acad- emy, and immediately began to study law, and was admitted to the Bar of Union County in 1849, and later in the same year was admitted to the Bar of Lancaster County, and located in Columbia, where he remained in active practice for almost sixty years. The Lancaster Bar, at that time, contained many men of distinguished ability and of national fame, and Mr. North, by his thorough preparation, marked ability, and sturdy character, soon won recognition and ranked among the leaders of his profession. Entering fully into the life of the community, Mr. North mingled freely with all its people, acquainted himself with everything that concerned their interests, familiarized himself with local history, took an active part in public affairs, and joined with zest in whatever might promote the public good; and it was not long before he commanded a large and lucrative practice. He was for forty years solici- tor for the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad and for thirty years solicitor for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, and was also counsel for many other corporations and busi- ness concerns. In recognition of his talents and learning and character, the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon him in 1887 by Franklin and Marshall College. He was zealous for the advancement of the standards of his profession, and was the first president of the Lan- caster County Bar Association and of the Law Library Asso- ciation, and as such was re-elected annually until he died. He was a member of the American Bar Association and of the Pennsylvania State Bar Association. In politics Mr. North was a life-long Democrat, but he had no taste or inclination for participating in the manage- ment of a political party. In 1860 he was a delegate to the I2O Biographies of Deceased Members Democratic National Conventions, both at Charleston and Baltimore, and was a leader in the stirring events of those days. He was also a delegate in the National Conventions of 1876 and 1904. Mr. North was interested in many local business enter- prises, and gave his support to the charitable, literary, and social organizations of the community. He was president of the First National Bank of Columbia and a director in many other corporations. He was a Mason and a member of the Chapter; he was also identified with other societies of a political and historical nature, and was one of the original members of the Hamilton Club of Lancaster. For many years he had been a trustee of the Presbyterian Church in Columbia; but in 1887 he was confirmed, by the late Bishop Howe, in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and was a member of that Church thereafter, serving continuously as rector's warden and vestryman until his death, and being elected repeatedly a delegate to the Diocesan and General Conventions of the Episcopal Church. On December 23, 1868, he married Serena Mayer Frank- lin, a daughter of the late Thomas E. Franklin, LL.D., of Lancaster, distinguished in legal circles in the State and twice Attorney-General of Pennsylvania. He was survived by his wife and two children, Serena Mayer, married to Joseph B. Hutchinson, general manager of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and Hugh McAlister North, Jr., member 1908, a graduate of Yale University, and a member of the Bar of Lancaster County. In personal appearance Mr. North was a fine example of maturely developed manhood, of distinguished presence, tall and erect, of elastic step and buoyant spirits, dignified, but affable and friendly ; he always left an impression that was agreeable and inspiring. His funeral services in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Columbia, were largely attended, and were conducted by the local clergy, assisted by Bishops Tal- bot and Darlington, and he was buried at Lancaster, in the family lot in Woodward Hill Cemetery. 121 Biographies of Deceased Members HECTOR ORR, member 1837. No particulars have been found of the date and place of birth of Mr. Orr. In 1832 he became a member of the Franklin Institute and took an active interest in its affairs. He served on the board of managers and for many years on the committee on science and the arts and contributed a number of articles on special subjects for its Journal. One of these favored the erection of a bridge across the Delaware at Philadelphia. In early life Mr. Orr was in the employ of James Ronald- son, the type-founder. In 1832 he carried on business as a printer at 232 Arch Street. He was noted for his retentive memory and for his fund of information on many subjects. He was one of the founders of the Typographical Union, and at the time of his death was the oldest member of that body. He died October 6, 1887, after a long illness in the Hayes Mechanic's Home, Philadelphia, THOMAS ORR, member 1790. " Died on Sunday (Fel> ruary 21, 1819), at the Pennsylvania Hospital, Mr. Thomas Orr, in the seventieth year of his age, a native of Scotland, late Merchant in this place. His friends and acquaintances are respectfully invited to attend his funeral this morning at ii o'clock from the Hospital to Arch Street Burying Ground." [Daily Advertiser, February 23, 1819.] COLONEL ELEAZAR OSWALD, member 1788. Colonel Oswald was kinsman to Richard Oswald, a noted British diplomatist, who was born in Scotland in 1705, and married Mary (Bonnie Peggy) Ramsey, celebrated in one of the songs of Robert Burns. Richard passed some years in America, but at the time of the Revolution was a merchant in London, and his standing may be judged from the fact that he was selected by Lord Shelburne, in 1782, as a diplo- matic agent to treat for peace with the American Commis- sioners in Paris, and he carried on successfully, as the records show, the greater part of the negotiations. John 122 COLONEL ELEAZAR OSWALD Member 1788 Died in New York City, September 30, 1795 Biographies of Deceased Members Adams, John Jay, Colonel John Laurens, and Benjamin Franklin represented the United States. Eleazar Oswald is recorded as born in England in 1755 ; he came to America in 1 770, and located first in New Haven, Connecticut. He had been well educated and became a brilliant, if not discreet, writer. He enthusiastically espoused the cause of the colonies in the Revolution and entered the military service as a volunteer, serving first in the capture of Ticonderoga under Colonel Ethan Allen. He then accompanied General Benedict Arnold in the campaign against Quebec, with the rank of captain and serv- ing as aide-de-camp and secretary to Arnold. In the assault Oswald was in charge of a detachment to attack one of the barricades, where he led a forlorn hope in a charge after Arnold was wounded. This expedition failed in its purpose, and many prisoners were taken by the British, Oswald among them, and he was sent on a vessel to New York, where he was later exchanged. In 1777 he was appointed lieutenant-colonel in Colonel Lamb's regiment of artillery, and in this earned a high reputation for skill and bravery, and after the Battle of Monmouth was specially commended by Generals Knox and Lee. Knox said of him, " he was one of the best officers in the service." His connection with General Charles Lee at this time no doubt led to troubles he afterward encoun- tered through his adherence to that officer. Colonel Oswald resigned his commission soon afterward, and in 1779 became associated with William Goddard in the Maryland Journal, the first newspaper printed in Baltimore. In this paper Oswald printed strictures, by General Charles Lee, reflecting upon the military capacity of General Wash- ington. Lee had been publicly rebuked by Washington at Monmouth and had been suspended from command for dis- obedience of orders, resulting in his dismissal from the service. These strictures in the Journal led to a popular demon- stration in Baltimore against Oswald, and to the issue of a 123 Biographies of Deceased Members challenge by him to Colonel Samuel Smith, who declined to fight a duel. Oswald then removed to Philadelphia, where, on April 13, 1 782, he issued the first number of the Independent Gazet- teer or the Chronicle of Freedom, a weekly paper, which attracted attention because of its violent partisan attacks and caustic criticism of public men and measures. The advertisement of this paper read : " Printed by E. Oswald at his Printing Office near the Bunch of Grapes Tavern on Third Street." When the adoption of a Constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation was before the people, Oswald attacked the proposed measure as monarchical in its pro- visions and no improvement upon the existing Articles. The proposed Constitution, ably supported by Alexander Hamil- ton and James Wilson, the latter then President of The St. Andrew's Society, was adopted, and Oswald again issued a challenge, this time to Alexander Hamilton; but friends of both interfered and prevented a meeting ; Hamilton later being killed in the duel with Aaron Burr. In February, 1783, Colonel Oswald reopened Bradford's London Coffee House in Philadelphia, " for the accommo- dation of the citizens in general," and, while conducting it, printed for Captain John Macpherson, as a monthly paper, The Price Current, the first mercantile paper published in the United States. In August, 1786, Colonel Oswald offered to lead a volun- teer company of infantry, of which he was captain, to the northern frontier, in order to capture from the British the posts they occupied, he claimed, in violation of the articles of peace. From 1782 to 1787 Oswald also conducted in New York City The Independent Gazetteer or New York Journal, re- vived, which had been formerly conducted by a kinsman of his wife. At the time Oswald joined The St. Andrew's Society he commanded a volunteer company, which, with other militia 124 Biographies of Deceased Members companies, was exercised on one occasion in military evo- lutions before Baron Steuben and General DuPlessis of the French Army. In 1792 he was in England, but, being in- fected with an intense feeling against that country, he went over to France and tendered his services to the republican army, was commissioned colonel of an artillery regiment, and so served under General Charles F. Dumouriez (see Burns, "Address to General Dumorier") in the Battle of Jemappes, 1792. He was sent from France on a secret mis- sion to Ireland, to report on its political conditions and as to the feasibility of the projected French invasion, but nothing came of this scheme, and Oswald returned to the United States, and died of yellow fever in New York City, Sep- tember 30, 1795. He was there buried in St. Paul's church-yard, and a monument was erected over his remains by a grandson, Dr. Eleazar Balfour, of Norfolk, Va., inscribed : E. Oswald, Colonel of Artillery in the American Army; an officer of noted intrepidity and usefulness, a sincere friend and an honest man. The Gazetteer was maintained in Philadelphia by his widow for about a year after the colonel's death, and was then disposed of to Joseph Gales, but upon his removal to another State the paper was discontinued. Mrs. Elizabeth Oswald, the widow of Colonel Oswald, died in Philadelphia, September 20, 1797, and a daughter, Miss Anna L. Oswald, died in that city February 4, 1881, aged 91 years. Another daughter, Miss Sarah, died March 2, 1849, in Lancaster County in the 72d year of her age. [Appleton's " Cyclopedia of Am. Biog.," McMaster's and Stone's " Penna. and the Federal Constitution," Cod- man's " Arnold's March to Quebec," Scharf and Westcott's "History of Phila.," et al.] GEORGE PALMER, member 1811. "Died at New Or- leans, on the loth of February last (1817), Mr. George Palmer, late of this city, Printer. He was affected with a 125 Biographies of Deceased Members pulmonary consumption and had gone southward for his health, and there, far from his relatives and friends he died. He was a man of respectable talents, correct deportment and unimpeachable integrity." [Poulson's Advertiser, March 12, 1817.] ROBERT PITCAIRN, member 1900. Mr. Pitcairn was born in Johnstone near Paisley, Scotland, May 6, 1836, and died at his home at Shady Side, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, July 25, 1909. He was a son of John and -Agnes Pitcairn, who in 1846 emigrated to this country and settled in Pitts- burgh. There he obtained employment as a messenger boy for a telegraph company, through, it is said, Mr. Andrew Carnegie. In 1853 he entered the service of the Pennsylvania Rail- road Company as assistant operator and ticket-agent at Duncansville, Pennsylvania, and when the road over the Allegheny Mountains was completed, in 1854, he was trans- ferred to the office of the superintendent at Altoona. At this place Mr. Pitcairn filled various positions until 1 86 1, when he was sent to the western division of the Pitts- burgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad, where he spent a year. He was then appointed superintendent of the Middle Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and later superin- tendent of transportation. While in that position Mr. Pitcairn organized and per- fected the systems of car records, car mileage, and other important departments in the administration of the affairs of the company. For some time he had charge of the middle and Pittsburgh divisions of the road and the Cumberland Valley Road, from Harrisburg to Hagerstown, Md. In 1865 he was appointed superintendent of the Pitts- burgh Division and moved to Pittsburgh. Later his re- sponsibilities were increased by the additional appointment as general agent of the road. He was relieved later of his duties as superintendent and general agent and appointed resident assistant to President A. J. Cassatt. Mr. Pitcairn 126 ROBERT PITCAIRN Member 1900 Died in Pittsburgh, Pa., July 25, 1909 Biographies of Deceased Members held this position till he retired, May 31, 1906, having been actively engaged in the service of the company for fifty- three years. Mr. Pitcairn originated the present efficient pension sys- tem of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and through his efforts it became the established rule of the company and is now adopted by other railroad and large business corporations. Mr. Pitcairn was superintendent of the Pittsburgh Divi- sion when the great riots of 1877 broke out. His life was threatened many times during the riots. Mr. Pitcairn was a life-long Presbyterian, and took an active interest in the affairs of the Shady Side Presbyterian Church. When the great Johnstown flood swept down the south fork of the Conemaugh River and brought death and ruin to thousands and property loss running into the millions, Mr. Pitcairn showed his great executive ability and at once plunged into the work of succor and help. In spite of the fact that his company, of which he was an official, had lost mil- lions of dollars' worth of property, and the road was ruined in the vicinity of Johnstown, his first efforts were to succor the suffering and provide sustenance for those without food. Mr. Pitcairn was a Mason of high degree, and was past grand commander of the Order of Knights Templar. He married Miss Elizabeth E. Rigg, of Altoona, who survived him. Mr. Pitcairn was director of the Chamber of Commerce, vice-president of the Fidelity Title and Trust Company, vice- president of the Westinghouse Air Brake Company, of which he was one of the original subscribers, and director of many of the leading financial institutions of Pittsburgh, as well as trustee of the American Surety Company, of New York, and a trustee of the Carnegie Library and Institute. The position held by him in which he took the deepest interest, was purely an honorary one. This was the presi- dency of the Sinking Fund Commission. This commission 127 Biographies of Deceased Members was created in 1901 under the new city charter, and Mr. Pitcairn was appointed a member and elected president that year. ADAM RAMAGE, member 1813, Assistant 1815-30, and Treasurer from 1831 until he died, July 9, 1850. Mr. Ramage is shown by the Minutes to have been one of the most active and attentive members of The St. Andrew's Society for a period covering thirty-seven years. He was a manufacturer of printing-presses, copper plate, book-binding machines, and printing-house furniture of all kinds. As early as 1804 he was located, in Carter's Alley, Philadelphia. In 1817 he imported from Scotland a " Ruthven " press and here manufactured a number of them, and a year later patented the " Ramage " press, an improvement on the " Ruthven." The North American and U. S. Gazette, in an editorial notice of his death, said : We learn with sincere regret that Adam Ramage, Esq., a worthy citizen and one of the oldest connected with the business of press- making in this city, died yesterday at his residence in Lombard Street. He was a man of many excellent qualities, possessed of much intelligence in his profession, and was the inventor of several useful and ingenious improvements on the machinery of the press. In his death we lose an honest man and a valuable citizen. A special meeting of The St. Andrew's Society was held July 13, 1850, to take action on the death of Mr. Ramage. The resolutions presented by Dr. John K. Mitchell were unanimously adopted. Resolved, That, by the death of our most estimable member and Treasurer, The St. Andrew's Society of Philadelphia has sustained a loss deeply to be deplored, both by the Society of which he was a bright ornament and most faithful officer and by the Scottish emigrants of whom he was the true friend and an able assistant. Resolved, That in the faithful, liberal, economical and assiduous discharge of his multifarious duties as an officer of the Society, Mr. 128 ISAAC LAYTON REGISTER Life member 1881 Died September 29, 1913 Biographies of Deceased Members schools, Mr. Register, at the age of nineteen, located in Philadelphia and there entered the employ of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York as a clerk. Two years later he became connected with the Equitable Life Assurance Company, and was rapidly promoted. When he died he was the oldest general agent and financial director of that company, his connection with it covering fifty years. While Mr. Register's labors were devoted naturally to the interests of his own company, and in that he achieved success, he was also deeply interested in advancing the general interests of life insurance, and was one of the main factors in The National Association of Life Insurance Agents, of which he was President, and of the Philadelphia Association. He attended all their meetings and shared in the convention and committee work. He was of a genial personality and a pleasing and graceful speaker, and was always sure of an attentive audience. Mr. Register was a member and an ex-President of the Sons of Delaware, a member of the Union League, Phila- delphia, Pa., a Past Master of Lodge No. 51 F. & A. M., Past Grand Commander, Cyrene Commandery Knights Templar of Camden, New Jersey, and a thirty-second degree Mason. He is survived by a widow, who was Miss Emma Vol- mer, three sons, and a daughter, the wife of Matthew Baird, Jr. The funeral services were held in the Second Presby- terian Church of which he had been many years an elder. JOHN CONYNGHAM RICHARDSON, member 1809. Born in Scotland about 1788, and died in Mobile, Alabama, Sep- tember 2, 1820, while on his way from Philadelphia to New Orleans on a business trip. His death was reported in the Advertiser, October 10, 1820. He was a merchant, and married, in Old St. Paul's Church, Philadelphia, January 5, 1811, Ann Nisbet, daugh- 130 CRAIG DORSEY RITCHIE, ESQ. Member 1859 President 1888-1889 Died December 10, 1910 Biographies of Deceased Members ter of Hugh and Ann (Ferguson) Nisbet, both born in Scot- land. Mrs. Richardson was a sister of both Michael and John Nisbet (members 1811). Mr. Richardson had three sons, John N., James E., and William C, and one daughter. James Ebenezer Richardson (grandfather of our fellow member William Henry Hansell) was born in Philadelphia, May 10, 1816, and died June 30, 1850. He married Harriet Maclay, daughter of Reverend Archibald Maclay, D.D., who was for thirty years pastor of the Tabernacle Baptist Church in New York. William C. Richardson married Catherine, daughter of George L. Oliver, who bequeathed a large sum, estimated between $400,000 and $500,000, to the Merchants' Fund of Philadelphia for the relief of widows and needy merchants. CRAIG DORSEY RITCHIE, ESQ., Life member 1859. Mr. Ritchie was born in Philadelphia, April 26, 1830, and died at his home in West Philadelphia, December 10, 1910. His father, William Ritchie, was an old resident of Washington County, Pennsylvania, but came to this city before his son Craig was born. This son was named after his grandfather Craig Ritchie, of Glasgow, Scotland, and was educated in private schools in Philadelphia. He studied law, but followed the profession of a conveyancer and was a recognized expert on real estate and repeatedly appeared as such before the courts in important cases. On December I, 1864, he married Miss Charlotte Wieg- and, who survived him. He was one of the incorporators of the Real Estate Title Insurance and Trust Company and was president of that company for some years, later serving as its vice-president. He was president of the board of trustees, Arch Street Presbyterian Church, 1878-1905. He was a member of the Society of the Sons of the Revolution. He retired from active business several years before his death, on account of advancing years. Biographies of Deceased Members Mr. Ritchie's services to The St. Andrew's Society were invaluable. He was elected Secretary November 30, 1864, and at once proceeded to place the available books and records in proper order, many being missing, and he pre- pared the Catalogues of the Society for 1890 and 1896. He served on important committees and took pleasure in for- warding the interests of the Society in every manner possible. In his will he bequeathed the sum of two thousand dollars to The St. Andrew's Society for general purposes. His valuable library was donated to the University of Pennsylvania. It is due to his memory that the following resolutions, prepared by his close friend of long standing, Rev. Dr. Walter Q. Scott, be given in full. Whereas, The St. Andrew's Society of Philadelphia, in the provi- dence of God, has been bereaved of our brother Craig Dorsey Ritchie, who for more than half a century was an honored member of our organization : Resolved, That we place upon record this testimonial in memory of a beloved friend and brother. He became a member of our Society in 1859. He served as Secretary from 1864 to 1885, as Vice-president in 1886-1887, and as President in 1888-1889. He was a Life member. His fidelity and loyalty, his efficiency in service and general companion- ship, his generosity and hospitality, his wisdom in counsel and constancy in friendship, we cherish in affectionate remembrance. His fourscore years reveal the strength of a brave, patient spirit who transformed infirmity into power and made his life a noble example. His industry and integrity achieved success, and his public spirit contributed his sound judgment and loyal service to the welfare of his fellow-citizens. His civic pride defended the honor and promoted the progress of Philadelphia. His patriotism was as active in peace as it was energetic in the Civil War. His Christian spirit pervaded his domestic life, made him a pillar of strength in his church, and extended through his citizen- ship into his philanthropy. His highly disciplined intellect, his love of literature and of art, his wise appreciation of the value of historic associations, united with his human sympathies to make his public service efficient and his companionship attractive. He made his home a shrine of fellowship to friends, and his left hand knew not what his right hand gave to the needy. The St Andrew's Society was dear to his heart, and his example will abide in our memory. 132 CHARLES EDWARD RONALDSON Member 1869 Secretary 1911-1912 Died February 20, 1912 Biographies of Deceased Members Resolved, That we extend to his bereaved family our deep sympathy in their sorrow. Resolved, That the Secretary be instructed to send a copy of these resolutions to Mrs. Ritchie. (Signed) S. WEIR MITCHELL, M.D., President. Attest: FREDERICK S. GIGER, Secretary. CHARLES EDWARD RONALDSON, member 1869, Secretary 1911-1912. Born in Pottsville, Pennsylvania, October 3, 1846; died, February 20, 1912, at his home in Philadelphia. He was the son of Archibald Ronaldson and Ellen Jemima Ogilvie. His mother was a granddaughter of the Rev. Andrew Ogilvie, of Linton, Roxburghshire, Scot- land. His father, born in Scotland, came to Pennsylvania, about 1835, and settled in Pottsville, where he followed civil and mining engineering. A sketch of his great-uncle, James Ronaldson, type- founder, will be found in volume I, page 305, " Historical Catalogue of The St. Andrew's Society." He entered the Episcopal Academy, Philadelphia, Sep- tember 2, 1 86 1, and graduated June 30, 1864, after which he entered the University of Pennsylvania and left at the close of the Sophomore year. In 1866-1867 he studied at the Philadelphia Polytechnic College. For the purpose of taking a mechanical engineering course, he entered the Le- high University, where he graduated, with honor, with the degree of Mechanical Engineer. The University of Penn- sylvania conferred upon him the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1908, as of the Class of 1868, thus "restoring" him to her old Pennsylvania Class. A few years before his death he organized a committee of his class for the purpose of planting a " '68 " Memorial Tree, the white oak in the campus in front of College Hall being the result of the labors of the committee. As a mechanical engineer, among other engagements, he was connected with the Lehigh Valley Railroad, at 133 Biographies of Deceased Members Delano, Pennsylvania; with the United States agency for Siemens's patent metallurgical gas furnaces. For several years he was assistant to Major Hibbard, of the United States Army, in completing the United States Immigration Depot at Ellis Island, New York Harbor; also the New York representative, for many years, of the George V. Cresson shafting works at Philadelphia. He was a member of St. James Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia; a trustee of Lehigh University; a member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers ; a member of the Board of Managers of the Franklin Institute ; for almost 40 years a member of Lodge No. 5 1, F. and A. M., Pennsylvania, and one of its stewards at the time of his death; an honorary member of the Lehigh Alumni Associa- tion; at the University of Pennsylvania a member of the Philomathean Society and the Zeta Psi Fraternity; at one time president of the Zeta Psi Club of New York ; treasurer of the John Bartram Memorial Association. At a stated meeting of The St. Andrew's Society the following was adopted by a rising vote: Charles Edward Ronaldson, who became a member of The St. Andrew's Society of Philadelphia in 1869, and who became its Secretary in 191 1, departed this life February 20, 1912. It is therefore eminently fitting and proper for us to place upon our records a minute testifying to our great regard for him as member and associate, as well as an officer. His intercourse was uniformly distinguished by that quiet re- finement and retiring gentleness which was the legitimate product and outgrowth of a long line of capable and cultured ancestors ; his scholarly attainments and ripe thought made his opinion sought for and valued ; his loving and lovable social habits made his company entertaining and instructive. He was absorbingly interested in our Society as a whole, as well as in its individual members, and was never happier than when engaged in its service or contributing to their happiness and comfort. He brought to the performance of his duties as Secretary the same ear- nestness, singular ability, good judgment, exhaustive painstaking and scrupulous attention to detail which challenged and received the admira- tion of all. We shall miss him here and elsewhere, where we were wont to meet and greet him, and remember him as one who was everything that a man should be and nothing he should not be. 134 ALEXANDER WILSON RUSSELL Member 1895 Rear Admiral U. S. Navy Died November 26, 1908 Biographies of Deceased Members Funeral services were held at St. Mary's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia, February 23. The church was filled by his friends, among whom were the officers and members of The St. Andrew's Society, members of col- lege fraternities, together with a large number of the breth- ren of Lodge No. 51, F. and A. M., Pennsylvania. He was interred in Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia. After church services at the grave a Masonic burial service fol- lowed. ALEXANDER WILSON RUSSELL, Rear Admiral, U. S. Navy, member 1895. Born at Frederick City, Maryland, February 4, 1824; died at his home in Philadelphia, No- vember 26, 1908. He was the son of Robert Greer Russell and Susan Wood Worthington, the former born in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and the latter in Montgomery County, Maryland. He was a grandson of Lieutenant Alexander Russell, of the Pennsylvania line, Revolutionary War, and a great- grandson of Colonel Robert McPherson, who served under General John Forbes in 1758 in the campaign to Western Pennsylvania against the French and Indians. Young Russell first attended school in Gettysburg, later the Frederick City, Md., Academy, and in 1838 entered a law office in Frederick City. Four years later he entered the service of the United States as captain's clerk, U. S. Navy, in which service he was to have a long, varied, and remarkably interesting career. His position carried him to the coast of Africa under Commodore M. C. Perry. After this he served in Company " C," Mounted Rifle Regiment, in the war with Mexico, and from 1858 to 1861 was clerk to the committee on Naval Affairs, United States Senate. He was nominated a pay- master in the navy, and confirmed by the U. S. Senate Feb- ruary 28, 1861 ; was assigned to U. S. ships Pocahontas and Savannah on the North and South Atlantic Blockade in 1 86 1 ; to the frigate Colorado at the capture of the forts on Biographies of Deceased Members the Mississippi River and of New Orleans; to the South Atlantic Squadron 1863-64. He was especially thanked by Admiral Rowan, in his official despatches, " for great zeal and ability in the command of powder and shell divi- sion ; " was attached to receiving ship North Carolina, New York, 1864-5; to tne Chattanooga, special service, 1866; to the steam sloop Sacramento, 1866-7, until wrecked in the Bay of Bengal, coast of India; to navy yard, Washington, 1868-70; navy pay office, Philadelphia, 1870-73; promoted to inspector March 3, 1871, and to director February 23, 1877; was at the navy yard, Philadelphia, 1873-74; navy pay office, 1874-1877; navy pay office, Baltimore, 1877-82, and that in Philadelphia, 1882-86. He was retired under age limitation February 14, 1886, and on June 29, 1906, was advanced to the rank of rear- admiral for service during the Civil War. One incident of his career in his early service occurred when the Sacramento was wrecked in the Bay of Bengal, coast of India. Two rafts were constructed, as life-boats could not be used in the heavy sea, and on one of these Paymaster Russell was ordered to go to procure relief. He had secured his most important books and papers carefully packed in tarpaulin bags, and he then voluntarily provided each of the officers and leading men of the crew with a lib- eral amount of money, that they might have funds in the event of their being separated after escaping from the wreck. By strenuous efforts and after much suffering he reached the British officials, obtained their assistance, and, returning to the wreck, brought out the safe containing some $30,000. The accounts were settled later without the loss of a dollar to either the paymaster or the government. Admiral Russell was an ex-vice-commander and ex- treasurer of the Pennsylvania Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States; commander of Pennsylvania Commandery Military Order of Foreign Wars of the United States ; a member of the Pennsylvania Society, 136 Biographies of Deceased Members Sons of the Revolution ; member of the Society of Colonial Wars of Pennsylvania; president of the Pennsylvania Colo- nization Society, and a member of the Union League of Philadelphia. He was a member of the Walnut Street Presbyterian Church, and was buried in the historic " Woodlands," once the home of the family of Andrew Hamilton. Admiral Russell was a most genial and lovable man, full of sympathy for those in distress, and always ready to " lend a helping hand " to those who needed it. He was constantly doing kindly acts for others, and was never as happy as when he was thus occupied. CAPTAIN JOHN AGNEW SCOT, member 1902. Born in Philadelphia, May 28, 1835; died at Atlantic City, N. J., November 25, 1908. Captain Scot was educated in the public schools of Phila- delphia, and later graduated from the Philadelphia Poly- technic College. He entered the naval service of the United States as third assistant engineer, October 3, 1861, passing through all the grades of the service until retired as chief engineer U. S. Navy, June 29, 1906, with the rank of captain. He participated in the engagements at Forts Jackson and St. Philip on the Mississippi, the capture of New Orleans, the passage of the boats in front of Vicksburg, the capture and subsequent loss of Galveston, capture of Mobile Bay, and other important naval movements. After the war he was assigned to important duties, in- cluding service on the Pacific coast, the Atlantic and Asiatic stations, and during the years 1894-1897 he was a member of the Naval Engineers' Retiring Board. His service throughout, covering thirty-six years, was marked by a deep sense of fidelity to duty. Captain Scot was descended from an old Scotch family. His grandfather, Robert Scot (member 1786), was ap- Biographies of Deceased Members pointed by President Washington as the first engraver of the United States Mint. The plate for the diploma of membership still in use by The St. Andrew's Society was engraved by him. Captain Scot married, April 15, 1903, Miss Sara Dickin- son Shapley, of Germantown, Philadelphia. He was a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, of Post No. 2, Grand Army of the Republic, and a Master Mason of Lodge No. 121, F. and A. M. CAPTAIN WALTER SIMS, member 1790. On charter of 1808. Captain Sims married a daughter of Captain John Green, of the Roberts farm, near Newportville, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, the first captain to carry the flag of the United States into China. In 1798 Captain Sims purchased an estate covering 361 acres where the Bristol (Pa.) College now stands, for which he paid 10,706 pounds. Later he removed to a plantation near Nashville, Ten- nessee, where he died, as noticed in Poulson's Advertiser of February 4, 1820, on the 8th of January in that year. CAPTAIN STEPHEN C. SINGLETON, member 1817. Died at New York on Friday (September 16, 1825), Stephen C. Singleton of Philadelphia, in the 44th year of his age. He was an expert and distinguished navigator and in private life known for the ardor of his friendship and the unbounded generosity of his disposition. [Poulson's A dvertiser, September 19, 1825.] DOCTOR WHARTON SINKLER, member 1886, Physician of the Society 1906, until he died. He was born in Phila- delphia, August 7, 1845. His father was Charles Sinkler, of Belvidere Plantation, St. John's Parish, South Carolina. His mother, Emily Sinkler, was a daughter of the late Thomas I. Wharton, of Philadelphia. Although born in 138 WHARTON SINKLER, M.D. Member 1886 Physician 1906-1910 Died March 16, 1910 Biographies of Deceased Members Philadelphia, Dr. Sinkler came of a family which had resided in South Carolina for several generations. His home during his youth was with his father at Belvidere Plantation in South Carolina, and he considered himself as belonging to that State. His early education was received at the prepara- tory school of Kenyon College, at which latter institution his uncle, Dr. Francis Wharton, the distinguished jurist, was at the time professor of literature. Afterward he went to a school at Aiken, South Carolina, and then entered South Carolina College at Charleston. At the end of his freshman year the college closed on account of the outbreak of the Civil War, and in November, 1863, he entered the Charleston Light Dragoons, a troop of cavalry somewhat like the Phila- delphia City Troop, which had then been in existence for many years and still exists. He served with this troop for about a year, it being stationed near Charleston during that time and engaged in the defence of that city. After the lapse of a year the Charleston Light Dragoons were ordered to active service in Virginia, but only the regu- lar number of the troop were allowed to accompany it, and preference was given to those who had served longest with it. Dr. Sinkler, being a comparatively recent member, was not selected, and he with about fifty others, members of the Light Dragoons, entered Company B of the Second South Carolina Cavalry in the autumn of 1864. The regiment remained about Charleston for a short time, and in Novem- ber, 1864, were ordered to the front. They were engaged in Virginia and North Carolina until the close of the war, being in active service and undergoing great privations and suffering. Dr. Sinkler's parole, dated May 26, 1865, was given by order of Brigadier-General John P. Hatch, pursuant to the agreement of peace entered into between General Joseph R. Johnston and General Sherman. At the close of the war Dr. Sinkler went to Philadelphia, entered the Medical Department of the University of Penn- sylvania, and graduated from that institution with the class of 1868. He became a resident physician at the Episcopal 139 Biographies of Deceased Members Hospital in that city after his graduation. He was an attend- ing physician to the same institution for many years, re- signing in 1886 to become a manager, in which position he served for twenty-four years. From the time he began the practice of his profession he made his home in Philadelphia. After the expiration of his term as resident physician at the Episcopal Hospital, he became engaged in the general practice of medicine in Philadelphia and achieved great prominence as a general practitioner. Early in his pro- fessional career he began to devote himself to a special study of nervous diseases, and in this connection he became chiefly known. His reputation as a neurologist was very high throughout the country. While successful in the treat- ment of cases, he was also widely known to his profession through his many contributions to medical literature. His activities in the line of his profession may be judged by the many positions in which he served with great skill and faithfulness. At the time of his death he held the following offices : Physician to Orthopaedic Hospital and Infirmary for Nervous Diseases ; Consulting neurologist to State Hospital for the Chronic Insane at South Mountain ; Neurologist to the Bryn Mawr Hospital; President of the Board of Managers of The Pennsylvania Epileptic Hospital and Colony Farm ; Manager, Episcopal Hospital ; Member of executive committee, General Alumni Society, University of Pennsylvania ; Consulting neurologist, Widener Home for Crippled Children; Trustee, University of Pennsylvania; Chairman, Section of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 1906, of the Ameri- can Medical Association; Neurologist, Germantown Hospital; Trustee, Eastern Pennsylvania State Institution for Feeble-minded and Epileptic ; Former president, Philadelphia Medical Club; President, Alumni Society Medical Department University of Penn- sylvania ; Vice-president, College of Physicians. 140 Biographies of Deceased Members He was also a member of the following medical societies : American Medical Association; American Neurologist Association; American Philosophical Society; College of Physicians, Philadelphia; National Association for the Study and Care of Epileptics; Pathological Society, Phila- delphia; Philadelphia Neurological Society; Philadelphia County Medical Society ; and Society of Tropical Medicine, treasurer. He had many activities outside of his profession. Al- ways a devoted member of his church, he was for a number of years before his death a vestryman of St. James's Prot- estant Episcopal Church in Philadelphia. His participation in the educational affairs of the community was shown by his being at the time of his death a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania and of the Academy of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He was for a time president of the Southern Club of Philadelphia, and was for many years and until his death a member of the Board of Governors of the Huntingdon Valley Country Club. He was also a director of the Philadelphia Contributionship. He was a member of the Masonic Order, and belonged to the Aztec Club of Mexico, Rittenhouse Club, University Club, Huntingdon Valley Country Club, University Barge Club, Philadelphia Medical Club, Southern Club of Phila- delphia, Alpha Mu Pi Omega Medical Fraternity, and the Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity. On February 10, 1872, Dr. S inkier married Ella, daugh- ter of the late John P. Brock of Philadelphia, and was sur- vived by a widow and five sons and two daughters. Two sons, Charles and Dr. Francis W. Sinkler, are members of The St. Andrew's Society. Dr. Sinkler was taken ill after returning from Rich- mond, Virginia, where he was a distinguished guest of the Tri-State Medical Convention, before whom he read a paper. He was ill but three weeks, and died March 16, 1910. He died when at the highest point in his medical career and usefulness as a physician and a man. 141 Biographies of Deceased Members EDMUND SMITH,* member 1856. Edmund Smith, one of the sons of Robert Hobart Smith, and grandson of Robert Smith, referred to below, was born in Philadelphia, April 4, 1829, and died in that city July 31, 1895. After completing a course of studies at the Friends' Academy and at the Phila- delphia high school, he spent two years in a wholesale drug house, acquiring a knowledge of commercial methods. In June, 1847, when eighteen years of age, he received an appointment in a corps of civil engineers, then about to engage in the survey and location of a section of the Penn- sylvania Railroad, between Huntingdon and the Allegheny Mountains. In this, and, later, the work of construction, he was employed until the spring of 1850, when he was sent to Blairsville, on the Western Division of the road. In March, 1853, he was transferred to the company's office in Philadelphia, having been assigned to a responsible post there. He was elected secretary of the company Janu- ary 1 6, 1855, and held that office until May 2, 1869; served as third vice-president from May 3, 1869, to February 28, 1873; as treasurer from March i, 1873, to July 31, 1874; as second vice-president from June 29, 1874, to September 30, 1882, and as first vice-president from October i, 1882, to June 30, 1888. In the years 1859 and 1862 he went abroad, and spent much of his time in studying the railway systems of Great Britain and the Continent. In 1870 he purchased the Colemanville Iron Works prop- erty, in Lancaster, at the junction of the Pequea Creek and the Susquehanna River, comprising a forge and rolling- mill, and an estate of twelve hundred acres of land. Mr. Smith was a member of the Union League, a contrib- utor to the Pennsylvania Hospital and to other charities. * The sketches presented of Edmund Smith, John Rhea C. Smith, Robert Hobart Smith, and Captain Robert Smith are from Frank Willing Leach's monographs in the Sunday edition of the Philadelphia North American, 142 Biographies of Deceased Members He married, December 9, 1851, Arabella Barnes, daugh- ter of Henry and Marilla (nee Weldon) Barnes, and to them were born four children. JOHN RHEA CLARENDON SMITH, member 1815. John R. C. Smith was the only adult son of Robert Smith, by his first wife. He was born in Philadelphia, March 19, 1783, and died in that city July i, 1868, aged 85 years. He was buried at the Church of St. James the Less, Falls of Schuyl- kill. Entering the College of New Jersey now Princeton University when a youth of fourteen, he graduated in 1801, when only eighteen years of age. While at that institution, following a sentimental custom largely prevalent among the undergraduates, he adopted an additional name, to wit, " Clarendon," and was ever afterward known as John Rhea Clarendon Smith. Upon leaving college, he entered the mercantile house of Willing & Francis, and there, through proven ability, receiving the highest praise from his employers, who sent him to Canton and Brazil upon different occasions as super- cargo. He continued to follow commercial pursuits for many years, attaining both prominence and financial success. He joined, May 20, 1805, his father's old command, the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry; in 1810 he be- came third corporal and in 1811 fourth sergeant and later first sergeant. In 1811 he was chosen treasurer of the command, and held this post until 1824. In 1815 he was commissioned cornet ; the following year, 1816, was promoted to his father's former post, second lieu- tenant, and in 1817 was advanced to the captaincy of the command, and continued therein until 1825. Three years previously, June 13, 1822, the First and Second Troops of Cavalry were formed into a squadron, of which Captain Smith was made major. He figured conspicuously in the demonstration upon the occasion of General Lafayette's visit to Philadelphia, in Biographies of Deceased Members September, 1824. His troop and several other cavalry organizations were formed into a squadron, of which he was given the command, and, marching to Morrisville, oppo- site Trenton, the distinguished Frenchman was met and escorted to Philadelphia. Throughout the sojourn of the Marquis in the Quaker City, the First Troop acted as a per- sonal escort to him, and Captain Smith was constantly in his company. Captain Smith, according to the Troop's historian, " was much beloved for his admirable qualities and soldierlike characteristics," and November 17, 1823, at their annual anniversary banquet, he was presented with a sword and a full suit of horse equipments, " as a mark of its regard and respect." A year later, November 17, 1824, at a banquet in cele- bration of the 5Oth anniversary of its existence, this toast was given: J. R. C. Smith, Esqr. Our noble Captain Relying upon the basis of his own merit, he neither requires praise, nor fears reproach. Within a year, his honorable military career was brought to a close under unfortunate circumstances. Upon receiv- ing an order from an officer, who, according to Captain Smith's understanding, was not his superior, he declined to obey it. For this he was court-martialed and his com- mission as captain revoked. The sympathies of the Troop were entirely with their commander, and he was continued as a private until the fol- lowing year, when, April 19, 1826, he was placed upon the Honorary Roll. In 1815 Captain Smith was elected to membership in The St. Andrew's Society, of which his father was then president. " Being a gentleman of means and refined tastes," says the Troop's historian, he spent the remaining years of his long life in the retirement of his home, where he died. Captain Smith was married to Miss Maria Bell, of a Philadelphia family. 144 CAPTAIN ROBERT SMITH Member 1784 President 1813-1830 Died April 15, 1838 Biographies of Deceased Members ROBERT SMITH, member 1784, Assistant 1786-1793, 1803-1808, Vice-president 1809-1812, President 1813- 1830. In the first volume of the " Historical Catalogue, The St. Andrew's Society," in a brief reference to such details as were then obtainable, it was stated : The records examined do not furnish any data as to the place of birth or ancestry of Robert Smith. . . . His official positions in The St. Andrew's Society cover probably a longer period than that of any other member. His portrait is the only one missing in that volume of the long line of Presidents of the Society from 1749 to date, and that, with full details of his long and useful life, has now been furnished through the valuable monographs of " Old Philadelphia Families," by Frank Willing Leach, in the Sunday edition of the North American, here freely made use of. The portrait now given of Robert Smith is from an oil painting by the famous artist Thomas Sully, in possession of a granddaughter, Mrs. Francis R. Jackson, of Bryn Mawr, who courteously gave permission for a photograph for this work. William Smith, the father of Robert Smith, was born in Dumfries, Scotland, in 1717. In July, 1743, he was mar- ried, in New York City, to Miss Elizabeth Corrin, of English extraction. They had nine children, but only two of these are known to have married, Robert, referred to below, and Mary, a daughter, who married Alexander Robertson, a native of Falkirk, who became one of the leading mer- chants in New York and was treasurer of the Saint Andrew's Society of that city 1787-1793. Our member, Robert Smith, was born in New York City, November 20, 1752, and was but fifteen years of age when he was doubly orphaned by the death of both parents, only a year apart, when he became a member of the family of his married sister, Mrs. Robertson, and, in time was associated in business with his brother-in-law. US Biographies of Deceased Members He was but twenty-two years of age when the Battle of Lexington was fought, and he at once offered his services in behalf of American Independence, and in 1775 aided in recruiting a company of Scotchmen, of which he was made captain. Officers and men were dressed in full Highland costume and accoutrements. In June, 1776, he was commissioned captain in a regiment of New York militia commanded by Colonel William Mal- colm, who also was of Scotch antecedents. Captain Smith took part in the strenuous campaign on Long Island, and was wounded in the disastrous Battle of White Plains, October 28, 1776. In spite of his disability, he accompanied the army under Washington in the retreat into and through New Jersey. Colonel Malcolm's command became one of the Sixteen Additional Continental Regiments, under the Resolve of Congress, December 27, 1776, which were not numbered, but were known by the names of their respective colonels. The lieutenant-colonel of this regiment was Aaron Burr, afterward Vice-president of the United States, but better known by reason of his having killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel. Captain Smith was commissioned a company comman- der in Malcolm's Regiment in January, 1777, just after the American successes at Trenton and Princeton. Then came the battles of the Brandywine and of Germantown, followed by the worse than sanguinary struggle with nature at Valley Forge. With the evacuation of Philadelphia by the British came renewed activity on the part of the American forces. The Delaware was crossed, and the Continentals followed the retreating army to Monmouth, where, June 28, 1 778, a glor- ious victory was won by Washington's army. Here Smith received his second wound, a more serious one than that which he had suffered at White Plains two years previously. He was so long recovering from this injury that he never returned to active service. 146 Biographies of Deceased Members Exactly when Robert Smith came to Philadelphia is not known, but it was while the war of independence was still in progress, as, in May, 1781, he was enrolled as a private in the celebrated Troop of Light Horse now the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry which had been organ- ized November 17, 1774, and had rendered valuable service during the seven years which followed. In 1794 the Whiskey Insurrection in Western Pennsyl- vania occurred, and the troop volunteered its services and took the field. Private Smith was advanced to the post of second sergeant and participated in the brief campaign, and was later commissioned as second lieutenant. While filling this latter post, the troop was again called into active ser- vice, upon the second of the historic insurrections which the Federal Government was called upon to quell during the last decade of the i8th century, the Fries Rebellion, in North- ampton and contiguous counties. In this campaign Lieuten- ant Smith rendered intelligent and effective service. The post of second lieutenant was held by him until 1803, when he resigned and was made an honorary member. As honorable and conspicuous as were Robert Smith's military services during and after the Revolution, he was even more widely known as a dominant factor in the com- mercial life of Philadelphia. Soon after locating there he engaged in mercantile pursuits, and for many years was looked upon as an exemplar of all that was honorable in commercial methods and practices. Throughout his long life as a Philadelphian he attained the ripe age of eighty- six years, nearly sixty of which were spent in the Quaker City he was a recognized leader not only in the business world, but in the higher phases of development which mark the progress of an enlightened community. Mr. Smith was one of five trustees named by Stephen Girard, who in the event of his death were promptly to pay depositors in his bank. In 1826 Mr. Girard executed a new indenture, naming ten trustees instead of five, with Robert Smith one of the number. After the death of Mr. U7 Biographies of Deceased Members Girard, which occurred December 26, 1831, these trustees successfully wound up all the affairs in which Mr. Girard was interested, and handed to the executors securities aggre- gating over four million dollars. Captain Smith served repeatedly in the Common Council of the city, whose membership at that time comprised only the most eminent citizens of the municipality. He was trus- tee of the General Loan Office of Pennsylvania, to which responsible post he was named in 1791. He was a member and for nearly half a century an elder of the Second Presbyterian Church, and throughout his long life was repeatedly chosen to positions of trust by that con- gregation. Among other institutions of a philanthropic nature with which he was connected was the Pennsylvania Hospital, to which he became a contributor in 1787, and from 1798 to 1805 he sat upon the board of management. He was also one of the founders of the Philadelphia Dispensary, and succeeded Bishop William White as president. He was for a long time an intimate friend, as well as a patient, of Dr. Benjamin Rush, the celebrated physician and statesman. The latter had treated him successfully for tuberculosis, and, in one of his lectures, cited the case as proof that this dread disease could be eradicated. His death occurred April 15, 1838, and he was buried in the burial-ground of the Second Presbyterian Church. Upon his tombstone was inscribed : " Mark the perfect man and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace." Robert Smith was married three times, first on March 9, 1781, soon after establishing himself in Philadelphia, to Ann, a daughter of John Rhea. He married, secondly, Mrs. Rebecca Hobart Potts, widow of Nathaniel Potts and a sis- ter of Right Rev. John Henry Hobart, Protestant Episcopal Bishop of New York. Mr. Smith's third wife was Miss Mary Feariss, who survived him nine years. Mr. Smith had five children by his first wife and eight by the second wife. Of these, John Rhea and Robert Hobart 148 Biographies of Deceased Members Smith became members of The St. Andrew's Society in 1815, when their father was President. Their biographies appear here from the same source. ROBERT HOBART SMITH, member 1815. Robert Hobart Smith, the eldest son of Robert Smith by his second wife, Rebecca Hobart, was born in Philadelphia, April 23, 1792. After spending six months at the College of New Jersey, he matriculated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1805, where he was graduated in 1808. After a course of legal studies in the law office of Jared Ingersoll, he was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar October 24, 1812. After practising for a time, he concluded to abandon the legal profession, believing himself called to ecclesiastical service. After a course of study at Princeton Theological Seminary, he was, in 1829, licensed to preach by the Presby- tery of Philadelphia. His health, however, was not sufficiently robust to permit him to assume a pastoral charge, but, from time to time, he officiated at the various philanthropic institutions of the city, and, for nearly a quarter of a century, was a ruling elder of the Second Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia, and treas- urer of the General Assembly for many years. " He was a good classical scholar," it is said, " and, as he grew older, he would often turn to these favorite studies of his youth as a means of mental recreation." In 1815, at the time his half-brother, John Rhea Claren- don Smith, joined The St. Andrew's Society, Robert Hobart Smith also became a member. From 1832 to 1855 tne latter filled the office of City Clerk of Philadelphia. During the concluding years of his life Mr. Smith's home was in Germantown, where he died August 10, 1858. He married, September 23, 1813, Mary Potts, daughter of Joseph and Sarah (nee Potts) Potts. She was born De- cember 7, 1792, and died February n, 1878. Resulting from this alliance, nine children were born, to wit : Rebecca, Robert, Joseph Potts, William Alexander, Alfred, Sarah 149 Biographies of Deceased Members Potts, Hobart, Edmund, and Corrin Frank. Of this num- ber both daughters and three sons died unmarried the lat- ter, Robert Smith, Joseph Potts, and Hobart Smith. All of these, however, reached a mature age. WILLIAM SMITH,- M.D., member 1789. Doctor Smith was a son of Samuel Smith of Philadelphia, and was born in that city in 1746, and died there on May 20, 1822. He was educated at the old academy on Fourth Street, and later graduated from the College of New Jersey (Princeton), in 1766. The degree of A.M. was conferred upon him by that college in 1784. He entered the Medical Department of the college preceding the University of Penn- sylvania, and graduated in 1771 as M.D. He engaged in the drug business as junior partner of Lehman & Smith, for many years one of the leading estab- lishments of that class in Philadelphia. Dr. Smith took an active interest in public affairs, espe- cially during the Revolutionary War, and was a deputy from Philadelphia to the Provincial Convention July 15, 1774. In August, 1776, Congress appointed Dr. Smith to the official position of druggist to be located in Philadelphia, and in April, 1777, that body voted, naming him as Con- tinental druggist, moneys for medicines and supplies for public use and for medicines furnished the brig Lexington. He served as captain of a company with the forces sent to delay the advance of General Howe to Philadelphia. Dr. Smith was elected a member of the American Philo- sophical Society in January, 1792, and was one of the organ- izers and a director of the Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania. He was twice married, first in Graeme Park, Pennsyl- vania, to Ann, the eldest daughter of Captain James and Mary Jane Graeme Young and granddaughter of Dr. Thomas Graeme of The St. Andrew's Society. This lady died April 4, 1780. Dr. Smith was married again on Novem- 150 THOMAS DUNCAN SMITH, ESQ. Counsellor 1868-1873 Vice-President 1874-1880 Died October n. 1880 (Biography Vol. I, page 319) Biographies of Deceased Members her u, 1783, to Letitia Correy, daughter of John Correy, a leading merchant in Philadelphia of that time. Of the children of Dr. Smith, one son, William Har- rison, joined The St. Andrew's Society in 1817. Another son, Samuel F., was for many years president of the Phila- delphia National Bank, retiring from that position January 26, 1852, and he died in August of that year. WILLIAM ANTHONY SMITH, M.D., member 1879, was born at Huntingdon, Pa., November 13, 1809, son of General William Rudolph Smith. Dr. Smith practised his profession successfully for many years in Cambria County and until the breaking out of the Civil War, when he ten- dered his services as surgeon to the North, and served throughout the war, at one time being a prisoner at Ander- sonville. He became a member of The St. Andrew's Society in 1879 by right of Scotch descent, his great-grandfather be- ing the Rev. William Smith, D.D., an early President of the Society, and his grandfather, William Moore Smith, one of its early secretaries and its first counsellor. On the mater- nal side he was a great-grandson of Michael Hillegas, first Treasurer of the United States during the Revolution. Dr. Smith took a lively interest in the welfare and work of the Society, was a constant attendant at all its meetings up to within a short time of his death, and to him the Society is indebted for two valuable biographical pamphlets read at its quarterly meetings at Augustin's, one on Hon. James Hamilton and the other on the life of Dr. Thomas Graeme, the first President of The St. Andrew's Society. Dr. Smith died at Philadelphia on October 30, 1887, and is buried at Laurel Hill. WILLIAM HARRISON SMITH, member 1817. He was a son of Dr. William Smith (member 1789) and of his wife Letitia Correy Smith. He was born in Philadelphia, January 29, 1786. He early entered into mercantile business in Philadelphia Biographies of Deceased Members and became extensively engaged as an importer, his trade being largely with China and other Oriental ports. His younger brother, John Correy Smith, was associ- ated with him in business. COLONEL ARCHIBALD LOUDON SNOWDEN, member 1864, Counsellor 1865-66. Born in Cumberland County, Penn- sylvania, August n, 1837. Died in Philadelphia, September 9, 1912. He was a son of Dr. Isaac Wayne Snowden of Phila- delphia, who served as surgeon under General Andrew Jack- son, and of Margaret Bines Snowden of Cumberland County. After graduating from Jefferson College, now Wash- ington and Jefferson, at Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, Colonel Snowden entered the Law School of the University of Penn- sylvania and was admitted to the bar. Washington and Jefferson College later conferred upon him degrees of A.M. and LL.D. He married in Philadelphia, February 16, 1864, Eliza- beth Robinson, daughter of Isaac Robinson Smith, and they had one son, Charles Randolph, and two daughters, Mrs. Stuyvesant Wainright and Mrs. Frank Samuel. During the Civil War Colonel Snowden organized a regiment, which he partly equipped at his own expense, and was appointed lieutenant-colonel; but the quota of Penn- sylvania was then filled, and the companies were scattered to organizations in other States. He served with the First City Troop in the preliminary skirmishes before Gettysburg. He was a member of this troop for fifteen years and became commander in 1877. In the early seventies Colonel Snowden was appointed register of the United States Mint and later became coiner. In 1877 ne was appointed postmaster of Philadelphia, but later returned to the mint as superintendent, after having twice refused the appointment of director of all the mints. He became a recognized authority on all subjects relating to coins and coinage. 152 COL. ARCHIBALD LOUDON SNOWDEN Member 1864 Counsellor 1865-1866 Died September 9, 1912 Biographies of Deceased Members Colonel Snowden managed the great parade on Decem- ber 1 6, 1879, celebrating General Grant's return after a trip around the world, and again in 1887 showed his execu- tive ability in organizing the civic parade under the auspices of the Constitutional Centennial Commission. The colonel began his diplomatic service in 1889, when he was appointed Minister Resident and Consul-General to Greece, Roumania, and Servia by President Harrison. Shortly thereafter Congress raised the grade to that of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. Colonel Snowden was later transferred to the Court of Madrid, where he successfully settled grave diplomatic questions. The Queen Regent of Spain conferred on him the Grand Cordon of Isabella the Catholic. He also re- ceived honors from the kings of Greece and Roumania. For years Colonel Snowden was a member of the Park Commission, and at the time of his death was president of the body. He was recently named by Mayor Blankenburg as a member of the Comprehensive Plans Committee. He was a member of the American Philosophical Society, Sons of the Revolution, the Union League, Philadelphia, and other organizations. Colonel Snowden was a ready, eloquent, and impres- sive speaker, and his services were always in demand during political campaigns. Of fine personal appearance, dignified but affable and courteous in manner, he had a host of friends at home and abroad, and his death was a distinct loss to his city. JAMES LAING SOMMERVILLE, member 1900. Born in Airdrie, Lanarkshire, Scotland, August 16, 1837; died at his home in Winburne, Clearfield County, Penna., August 24, 1912. He was the only child of John S. Sommerville of Shotts, Lanarkshire, and Elizabeth Laing of Airdrie, his wife. After the death of his mother, when about 9 years old, he accompanied his father to this country and located in Biographies of Deceased Members Snow Shoe, Penna. He attended the public schools, and completed his education at the Belle fonte Academy and Franklin Institute, Philadelphia. At the latter place he studied civil engineering, and in 1858 was employed on the Bellefonte and Snow Shoe Railroad, then under construc- tion. On the completion of the railroad, he was appointed assistant engineer, and later chief engineer and land agent. He was associated with his father in the management of the coal properties of this company, and they were the first shippers of coal from the Snow Shoe region. Later Mr. Sommerville moved to Winburne, where he opened the coal and laid out the town. He also organized the Carn- warth Coal Company (named after Carnwarth in Lanark- shire), of which he was president, was a trustee of the Cottage State Hospital of Philipsburg, president of the Winburne Water Co. and of the Bituminous National Bank of Winburne. He was a life-long member of the Presbyterian Church, and for over forty years an elder. At the time of his death he was trustee of the Presbytery of Huntingdon, and was twice its representative to the General Assembly. Mr. Sommerville was widely known and recognized as a man of rare judgment, safe and sane in counsel, wise, unselfish, and generous. He identified himself with all re- forms and movements which were for the betterment of the community. He married in Bellefonte on October n, 1860, Jane M. Harris, a daughter of James D. and Mary Ann Harris of that place. Mrs. Sommerville was also active in church work, was a woman of beautiful character, and theirs was an ideal married life. She died March 12, 1912, while president of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society. Both husband and wife are buried in Bellefonte. Their surviving children are Bond V., John S., Alan O., Robert H., Donald L., and two daughters, Elizabeth L. and Mary Sommerville. Biographies of Deceased Members DAVID SPROAT, member 1765, Assistant 1767, Secretary 1768-69, Vice-president 1772-73. Mr. Sproat was the son of David Sproat, of Port Mary, Kirkcudbright, Scotland. He came to Philadelphia in the year 1760, and soon entered into mercantile business as an importer and dealer in cloths, dry goods, etc., being located in 1767-68 on Front Street between Chestnut and Walnut Streets. He was one of the signers, on October 25, 1765, of the Non-importation Resolutions; but, when war opened be- tween the Colonies and Great Britain, he felt it his duty to cast his fortune with the mother-country and this proved to be at great pecuniary sacrifice. He entered the British service as a volunteer under Lord Howe in the expedition to the Chesapeake preparatory to the occupation of Philadelphia, and, after the battle on the Brandy wine, September n, 1777, Mr. Sproat was appointed commissary of prisoners. On October 13, 1779, he was made commissary general of naval prisoners, and was sta- tioned in New York City, where American prisoners of war were confined on a number of prison-ships in that harbor. Charges of cruel treatment of prisoners, as to their care, clothing, and food, reflecting severely upon those in charge, were freely made in the public press and in letters and pamphlets ; but a recent publication from the Knickerbocker Press, New York, by Mr. James Lenox Banks, " David Sproat and Naval Prisoners in the War of the Revolution," shows, by letters and official documents, that Mr. Sproat had used all the means in his power to alleviate the con- dition of prisoners under his charge. Mr. Banks, in the book referred to, says that many of the statements as to the treatment of prisoners were largely based upon unproven charges of early writers and upon tra- ditions founded in the bitter feeling of the day, when accu- sations were made that might have been tempered upon second thought. Biographies of Deceased Members That the guards upon these prison-ships at times exceeded their authority and abused prisoners, then as they have done since, is more than probable, but no instances have been found to show that the offi- cers in whose charge the prisoners were used other than the best means obtainable to relieve their distress and promote their comfort. Mr. Sproat endeavored to secure release from his painful duties, but Lord Rodney prevailed on him to continue in that service as " the only person I can find capable of managing the business properly." Mr. Sproat made personal appeals to people in New York for money to relieve the prisoners under his charge, by the purchase of suitable supplies of clothing and bedding, and advanced for this purpose 550 pounds of his own money, which Congress in 1784, upon the recommendation of Robert Morris, ordered to be repaid to him, thus showing the con- fidence of that body in Mr. Sproat's honesty and in his work under such conditions. At the time of his leaving Philadelphia to enter the British service, he resided at the southwest corner of Walnut and Front Streets. In a petition presented to the British government for reimbursement for losses sustained, he said, " that in consequence of his loyalty to the Crown he had been attainted of High Treason and his Estates confiscated and sold," " his House was ransacked by the Committee, his desk broke open, his Books, papers and furniture much damaged, his clerk confined in a Dungeon, his Servants turned out of doors, and his House converted into a Hospital for the accommodation of the Rebel Soldiers." Mr. Sproat left New York for Scotland in December, 1783, and settled on the entailed estate Port Mary, Kirkcud- bright. The following year he was elected a member of the Town Council, and was twice elected Provost. He died there in October, 1799, aged 65 years. The entailed estate then passed to his nephew, Major David Lenox of Philadelphia (member 1788), whose biography is recorded in the " History of The St. Andrew's Society " (1907), pages 222-23. Upon the death of Major Lenox, 156 Biographies of Deceased Members the estate passed to his brother, William Lenox of New York. The records of The St. Andrew's Society show that Mr. Sproat was very attentive to his duties as a member in look- ing after applicants for charity. He was one of the few members in attendance on the Annual Meeting, November 30, 1776, when it was agreed that, owing to the prevailing conditions, they should simply re-elect their officers and adjourn. SIR JOHN ST. CLAIR, Honorary Member, 1757. Sir John St. Clair, third baronet of his line, was one of the noted family of that name, of Argyleshire, Scotland. The Min- utes of The St. Andrew's Society record his election as an Honorary Member November 30, 1757, when Dr. Graeme was President, but letters of Mrs. Graeme to her talented daughter Elizabeth Fergusson, then absent, record the visit of Sir John to Graeme Park in September, 1755. Sir John, as colonel of the Forty-second Foot, was in 1755 appointed Deputy Quartermaster-General of the Brit- ish forces in America, and assigned to duty with General Edwin Braddock in the proposed expedition to expel the French from Western Pennsylvania. He first landed in Virginia and made a reconnoissance of the head-waters of the Potomac, and later joined Braddock in Alexandria. In the ill-fated campaign which followed in which Gen- eral Braddock was killed, Sir John was severely wounded, but soon recovered. He was evidently an energetic and capable officer, but shared with his chief an undisguised contempt for the Provincial troops in the expedition. His duties were necessarily arduous, as he had to see that roads were cut for the advance of the soldiers through a wilder- ness, and that horses, wagons, and supplies were procured for the service. In this campaign the road-building was under the imme- diate charge of Captain later Colonel James Burd of this Society, and Colonel Benjamin Franklin was especially 157 Biographies of Deceased Members selected to procure horses, wagons, and supplies for the troops, advancing for this purpose his own money and pledging his personal credit for payment. Governor Robert Hunter Morris, then President of The St. Andrew's Society, also rendered every possible service, but was hampered by the hesitation of the Assembly to grant sufficient appropria- tions, as it believed that the proprietary government should pay a larger proportion of the expense. The first campaign, as stated, resulted in failure, but Sir John took an active part in the second and successful campaign, under General John Forbes, as Deputy Quartermaster-General. In February, 1762, Sir John was gazetted as colonel, and in 1766 was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the 28th Regiment of Foot, then stationed in New Jersey. He pur- chased a farm near Elizabeth Town, where he died Novem- ber 26, 1767. He is frequently referred to in the Pennsyl- vania Archives under the name of Sinclair. On March 17, 1762, he married Elizabeth, a daughter of John and Catherine Hutchinson Moland. Mr. Moland was owner of a large estate on the Frankford Road, Phila- delphia, later known as Rose Hill. There were two children by this marriage, a son who died in early youth at Trenton, and another son, John, who became the fourth baronet of that line upon his father's death, and who married a daughter of Sir William Erskine, Quartermaster-General of the British Forces in the Revo- lutionary War. [Keith's Prov. Councillors et aL] HON. SAMUEL GUSTINE THOMPSON, member 1872, Counsellor 1877-78, 1880, 1888. Born in Venango County, Pennsylvania, in 1837. Died at his summer home at Narra- gansett Pier, R. I., September 10, 1909. He was a son of the Hon. James Thompson, who for fifteen years was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Penn- sylvania, serving as Chief Justice the last six years of his life. His son, Samuel, was educated at the Erie, Pa., Acad- 158 HON. SAMUEL GUSTINE THOMPSON Member 1872 Counsellor 1877-1880, 1888 Died September 10, 1909 Biographies of Deceased Members emy, and was later graduated from the University of Penn- sylvania. He was admitted to the Bar in January, 1861, and speedily won a place for himself in his chosen profes- sion. While his abilities were more particularly directed to the legal affairs of large corporations, he was also successful in other fields of legal activity. At no time in his long and honorable career was he a seeker after office, but he took a deep interest in political affairs. In the exciting presidential contest of 187677, he visited Florida in the interest of Samuel J. Tilden. In 1892 he was a delegate to the Convention that nominated Grover Cleveland. In March, 1893, he was appointed by Governor Pattison a Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Chief Justice Edward M. Paxson, but was defeated for re-election. In November, 1903, he was appointed by Governor Penny- packer a Justice of the Supreme Court to fill a vacancy caused by the death of Chief Justice McCollum. This ap- pointment of a life-long Democrat by a Republican surprised the politicians, but it was a recognition of Justice Thomp- son's ability and high standing in his profession. He served out the term and then retired. Judge Thompson then devoted himself to his private practice, and in 1907, by appointment of Judge Bregy and with the full concurrence of the principals interested, he was referee in the filtration contract dispute, resulting in an award against the city of Philadelphia and in favor of the contractors of over two million dollars. He was vice-president of the Fairmount Park Commis- sion, to which he was appointed in 1887, a director of the Philadelphia and Erie Railroad, trustee of the Jefferson Medical College, a manager of the Forrest Home for Actors and president of the board; was president of the Renovo, Philadelphia and Erie Land Company, and was connected with several financial institutions. Judge Thompson, as a member of the Park Commission and trustee of the Memorial Hall, was an able coadjutor to Biographies of Deceased Members John G. Johnson, Esq., in the purchase of pictures for the notable Wilstach collection. He also gave close personal attention to the affairs of the Edwin Forrest Home for Aged Actors at Holmesburg, Pennsylvania, being unremitting in his interest in its beneficent work. HENRY TOLAND, member 1799. On charter of 1808. Poulson's Advertiser of December 23, 1816, noted the death of Mr. Henry Toland on December 2Oth, at his residence, No. 409 Market Street, in the sixtieth year of his age, " for many years a deservedly respected resident and merchant of Philadelphia." Of the deceased we may with great justice repeat the words of a highly respected Physician who attended him in his last moments. He said, " I have known the friend we have just lost as long as my memory serves me, and I can with truth say, that I never heard, neither do I believe, that he ever caused a tear of sorrow to flow from the eyes of any human being, except those now shed for his lamented departure." ADAM TRAQUAIR, member 1816. Adam Traquair was the son of James Traquair, who was reported in Ritter's " Philadelphia and Her Merchants " as a spirited and pro- gressive stone-cutter who came over from Greenock (Scot- land) in 1784. He built in its time a notable building on the southeast corner of Market and Tenth Streets, the lower story of which had a marble front, and his marble yard was in the rear. Our member, Adam, was at the time of his death, Janu- ary 22, 1851, serving as president of the Board of City Commissioners, in the old city district, and, on the Councils learning of his death, both branches met in joint session and passed resolutions commendatory of his long service as a faithful officer of the corporation. They attended his funeral in a body and ordered that the usual badge of mourning be worn for thirty days. Mr. Traquair was buried at Laurel Hill, January 24, 1851. 160 Biographies of Deceased Members SAMUEL HENDERSON TRAQUAIR, ESQ., member 1833, Secretary 1837-38, Counsellor 1847. , Mr. Traquair died Monday, January 17, 1853, in the forty-first year of his age, and was interred in Laurel Hill. A special meeting of The St. Andrew's Society was held at the house of Mr. William Struthers to take action upon the death of Mr. Traquair, Dr. John K. Mitchell, President, in the chair, and appropriate resolutions were adopted, de- claring that Mr. Traquair was a gentleman of talent and of generous and noble impulses, and greatly beloved by the brethren of this Society. JAMES TROTTER, one of the founders of the Society, served as clerk at the first meeting, December 7, 1749, and Secretary 1750. Advertised as an importer of broad-cloths, linens, etc., " at his store next door to Townsend White on Front Street." FREDERICK TURNBULL, member 1883. Mr. Turnbull was born in Glasgow, Scotland, September 21, 1847, and died suddenly at his summer home, Atlantic City, N. J., September 6, 1909. He was the son of Matthew Turnbull, of Dumbarton- shire, and his wife, Margaret E. Wilson Turnbull, of Lanark- shire, Scotland. He was educated at both the high school and the Uni- versity of Glasgow, and graduated from the Andersonian University in 1866, in chemistry, under Frederick Penny. He was for several years first lieutenant, Lanarkshire Artillery. His father conducted one of the largest and best-known dyeing and bleaching establishments in Great Britain. About 1880 Mr. Turnbull came to this country to demonstrate Turkey- red dyeing, and in 1882 became associated with William J. Matheson & Co. as their Philadelphia manager, and later served in the same capacity with the Cassella Color Company until he retired in 1904. In May, 1906, he organ- ized the Turnbull Construction Company, of which he was j president until the time of his death. He also opened a 161 Biographies of Deceased Members laboratory in 1906 for analytical research and consulting purposes in the textile trade. Mr. Tnrnbull had a thorough knowledge of dyestuffs and of the chemical business, and had an extended acquaint- ance and many friends among both dealers and consumers on both sides of the Atlantic. He was highly regarded in commercial circles for shrewdness and uprightness in his dealings, and esteemed among his countrymen for his help to those in need of assistance. He married in Columbia, S. C, March 23, 1884, Miss Nina Ross Bryce, by whom he had two children, Norman Frederick and Frederick Dale Turnbull. Again married in Reading, Pa., November 24, 1906, to Bessie Dengler Brobst. He was a member of the Art Club, Philadelphia Country Club, the Manufacturers and other clubs. [Mr. S. W. Wood in Textile Colorist et al.~\ PETER WALKER, member 1857. Peter Walker was born in Jedburgh, Scotland, in 1813, and while still a lad moved to Edinburgh, where he received his education in the com- mon schools of that city. At the age of twenty-four he came to Philadelphia, and immediately upon his arrival obtained a position with the type-foundry of MacKellar, Smiths & Jordan. He remained with them but a few years, when he resigned to accept a position with the Presbyterian Board of Publication and the Presbyterian Review. He continued with this board until he died, on June 3, 1882. In 1853 Mr. Walker was married to Mary, a daughter of John Hamilton of Lanarkshire, Scotland, and had one child, a daughter, Elizabeth H. Walker. He was an elder in the Tenth Presbyterian Church, and was always known as a man of integrity, of great and patient industry, and of constant devotion to the interests of the church. He was a man of good scholarship and wrote well, and was one of the best proof-readers of the city. When he died he was in the seventy-first year of his age, and, while he had been for some time in failing health, the an- 162 Biographies of Deceased Members nouncement of his death came suddenly to many of his old associates. JOHN WALLACE,* one of the founders of the Society who traced his descent direct from James the First, King of Scotland, was born at Drumellier-on-the-Tweed, Scot- land, January 7, 1718, the son of John Wallace, minister at Drumellier. He emigrated in his twenty-third year from his paternal home, and arrived in the year 1742 in Newport, R. I., and here established himself in business, and in time became one of the leaders in the commercial life of Providence, in that State. He later removed to Philadelphia and there married Mary, only child of Joshua and Mary Maddox, the former an honored citizen of Philadelphia, and for many years one of the justices of the courts, a Councilman of the City, a founder and trustee of the college, and a warden of Christ Church. Mr. Wallace demonstrated the possession of admirable business abilities by establishing a commercial house, which soon took high rank among the many successful concerns of a kindred nature which were operated in Philadelphia at that time. Ship-building had become, even at that early period, a leading industry on the Delaware. Thus John Wallace established a prosperous business, acquired large wealth, and made himself one of the leading merchants of his time. In the winter of 1748-49 the City Dancing Assembly was organized, and, as stated elsewhere, Governor James Hamil- ton and other members of The St. Andrew's Society became members. John Wallace is the twenty-first name on that list, and he remained identified with that exclusive organ- ization many years. His activities in other directions were wide-spread. In October, 1775, he was chosen a Common Councilman of the * Replacing brief sketch on page 349, vol. i, " Historical Catalogue The St. Andrew's Society." From Frank Willing Leach's articles on " Old Philadelphia Families " in Sunday North American. Biographies of Deceased Members City, a position then filled only by men of the largest in- fluence. This post he held until the Revolution swept away this form of municipal government then existing under the charter of 1701. The concluding years of his life were spent at his coun- try-seat in Somerset County, New Jersey, where his death occurred, September 26, 1783. His wife, Mary, was born in Philadelphia, in January 1732, was baptized in Christ Church, February 4, of that year, and died at her husband's seat in New Jersey, January 9, 1784, less than four months after her husband. John and Mary (nee Maddox) Wallace had four chil- dren, Joshua Maddox, Ann, William, and Sarah. Joshua M. became a member of The St. Andrew's Society in 1804; the other son, William, was not a member. While the monument adjacent to the Wallace vault in Old St. Peter's Church-yard at Third and Pine Streets bears the inscription given below, both John Wallace and his wife were buried in the grounds of the First Presbyterian Church on Market Street, between Second and Third Streets. The later Wallaces became Episcopalians. In Memory of MR. JOHN WALLACE late a worthy Citizen and Merchant of Philadelphia Son of the Reverend Mr. John Wallace Minister of Drumelier on the Tweed, Tweedale, Scotland and of Christian Murray, his wife, Daughter of William Murray of Cardone Born 1717 at his Father's Manse Came A.D. 1742 to Newport, Rhode Island, Where he assisted to found the Public Library in that place, since become the Redwood, Afterwards for many years a Resident of Philadelphia. A Founder A.D. 1749 of The St. Andrew's Society in this City. From 1755 till the Dissolution of the Royal Government in 1776. A Councilman of the City. Died September 26, 1783 At Hope Farm, his Seat on the Raritan Somerset County, New Jersey Anno Aetat 65. 164 Biographies of Deceased Members JOHN BRADFORD WALLACE, member 1803, Counsellor 1808-1820.* Born at " Ellerslie," his father's country-seat, on the Raritan, New Jersey, August 17, 1778. Died in Philadelphia, January 7, 1837. He was the second of the adult sons of the first Joshua Maddox Wallace, by his wife, Tace Bradford Wallace. When under sixteen years of age he graduated from the College of New Jersey in 1794, receiving the degree of A.M. in 1797. He entered the law office of his maternal uncle, William Bradford, Attorney-General of the United States under President Washington. He was one of the founders of the " Law Library Company of Philadelphia." In 1819 Mr. Wallace became financially embarrassed through the failure of an elder brother, and, with a view to recoup his fortunes, he removed to Meadville, Crawford County, Penna., where he owned or controlled large tracts of land. By devotion to business with zeal and integrity, his pecuniary troubles were brought to an end. Mr. Wallace won such recognition from the people of Crawford County that they sent him as their representative to successive Legislatures, although differing from him in political sentiment. Like his father, Mr. Wallace was an earnest churchman. He was confirmed in St. Peter's Church, Philadelphia, by the Right Rev. Bishop White. From 1814 to 1819 he had been a vestryman of Christ Church, Philadelphia. On re- moving to Meadville he was mainly responsible for the estab- lishing there a parish bearing the name of Christ Church, of which he was also a vestryman. On April 20, 1805, Mr. Wallace married Miss Susan Binney, daughter of Dr. Barnabas Binney, a surgeon of the Revolutionary Army and one of Philadelphia's most eminent physicians. * Replacing article on page 319, vol. i, " Historical Catalogue The St. Andrew's Society." 165 Biographies of Deceased Members This lady was born February 22, 1778, and was as re- markable a character as her husband. She died on July 8, 1849, an( i b ^ 1 she and her husband were buried in St. Peter's churchyard, Philadelphia. On her husband's tomb is in- scribed a lengthy eulogy, closing with the words In his home he was ever the centre and safe-guard of happiness; Of commanding stature and elevated mien, Manners gracious and refined. His death was as favored as his life Without pain or sickness. In the calm of peaceful slumber and in the silence of the night, His Spirit was taken to the Paradise of the Just JOSHUA MADDOX WALLACE,* member 1804. The elder of two sons of John Wallace, above noted as a founder of the Society, and Mary, his wife. He was born in Philadel- phia, October 4, 1752, and died at Burlington, N. J., May 17, 1819. He received his primary education at Newark, Dela- ware, and was graduated from the College of Philadelphia, the progenitor of the University of Pennsylvania, in 1767. After graduating he served in the college for a time as tutor, and in 1770 the degree of M.A. was conferred upon him by the College of New Jersey ( Princeton) . In the College of Philadelphia he had the benefit of the instructions of the Rev. William Smith, D.D., later President of The St. Andrew's Society. Mr. Wallace then entered the counting-house of Archi- bald McCall (member 1751), a leading merchant .of Phila- delphia, and like himself the son of a native of Scotland. He remained a resident of Philadelphia until its occu- pation by the British, when he withdrew to Somerset County, New Jersey, where his father still owned property, and here on the Raritan he established a beautiful home, named " Ellerslie," after the early seat of the Wallaces in Scotland, where he resided a number of years. After the close of the * Replacing sketch, page 350, vol. i, " Historical Catalogue, 1907." 166 PROFESSOR SHIPPEN WALLACE Member 1882 Died December 4, 1911 Biographies of Deceased Members war he returned to Philadelphia for a short time, and in 1784 established his permanent abode at Burlington, New Jersey, retaining his place at " Ellerslie " for many years. He was made a Judge of the Pleas of Burlington County, and was reputed as highly useful in administering justice, relieving distress, and " improving the morals of the common people." He was instrumental in establishing an academy of learn- ing and in bringing good teachers to the place. He was a delegate to the historic State Convention, in 1787, which ratified the Federal Constitution, and also represented the same constituency in the General Assembly of 1791. In the Convention of 1787 Mr. Wallace ably supported the prin- ciples of Washington and Hamilton, of Jay and Marshall. He served as president of the Board of Trustees of Bur- lington Academy for many years and as a trustee of the College of New Jersey from 1798 until his decease. He served as president of the Society in New Jersey for the Suppression of Vice and Immorality, was a founder of the American Bible Society, and a long time manager of the New Jersey Bible Society. For many years he repre- sented St. Mary's Parish, Burlington, in the New Jersey Conventions of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and for a number of years was a delegate to the General Conventions of that denomination. Mr. Wallace married, August 4, 1773, Tace, daughter of Colonel William Bradford. She was born in Philadel- phia, March i, 1747-48, and died in Paterson, N. J., Feb- ruary 29, 1828. There were seven children by this marriage. Of these, one son, John Bradford Wallace, became a member of The St. Andrew's Society in 1803. His biography is given on page 165. PROF. SHIPPEN WALLACE, Life member 1882. Born in Bristol, Pennsylvania, in 1851, and died at his home in Bur- lington, New Jersey, December n, 1911. He was there buried in St. Mary's graveyard. 167 Biographies of Deceased Members Prof. Wallace was a descendant, on his mother's side, of Edward Shippen, the first Colonial Mayor of Philadel- phia, and on his father's side he was in direct descent from John Wallace of Drumellier-on-the-Tweed, one of the foun- ders of The St. Andrew's Society. His father was Joshua Maddox Wallace (member 1839) , and his mother was Alice Lee Shippen Wallace, second daughter of Dr. William Shippen of Philadelphia. His grandfather, Hon. Joshua M. Wallace, became a member of the Society in 1804. Prof. Wallace graduated from the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale and then took a post-graduate course at the University of Berlin, Germany, specializing in chemistry. On his return to the United States he made chemistry his profession, and became attached to the New Jersey State Board of Hygiene soon after its formation, and for fifteen years previous to his death he was chief chemist of the New Jersey State Board of Health. He married, June 15, 1871, Miss Laura Christine Bar- clay, daughter of a prominent surgeon in the United States Navy. She died some years ago, leaving a daughter, Mrs. Warren G. Crane, Long Island, New York, who survived her father. WILLIAM GREY WARDEN, member 1887. Mr. W. G. Warden was a notable example of those citizens of Pennsyl- vania who developed the industrial resources of the Com- monwealth in the period between the close of the Civil War and the close of the Nineteenth Century. Mr. Warden was born in Pittsburgh, October 14, 1831, of Scotch ancestry. From early manhood he was associated with mechanical and manufacturing pursuits; as an assistant to his father, John B. Warden, he helped to build boilers and engines, and subsequently built them on his own account. When Mr. Warden was thirty years of age, he began to see the opportunities which the development of the produc- tion of petroleum in Pennsylvania was about to create. He 168 WILLIAM GREY WARDEN Member 1887 Died April 9, 1895 Biographies of Deceased Members planned and built a refinery, although the process of refining petroleum had not yet passed beyond the experimental stage, and, taking a business partner with him, he formed the firm of Warden & Brooks. Enlarging the range of his undertaking in order that petroleum might become a great product for American trans- portation, Mr. Warden came to Philadelphia in 1865. He became manager of the Atlantic Petroleum Storage Com- pany, and introduced extensive facilities for the handling of petroleum along the shores of the Schuylkill River, and established there an industry that became a leading factor in the shipments of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and in the commerce of the port. He was the controlling spirit in the work of creating the great Atlantic Refinery, in con- nection with such men as Charles Lockhart and William Frew, and his knowledge as a practical draughtsman and engineer went far to enable him to carry out his ideas along the most advanced lines of mechanical efficiency. The clear-sightedness of Mr. Warden's comprehensive mind in mastering complex problems came strikingly into play in overcoming the difficulties of the transatlantic ship- ment of American oil. With the purpose of carrying petro- leum in bulk to Europe he became one of the founders of the International Navigation Company in 1871, which be- came an important factor in the general ocean-carrying business, but subsequently its rights and patents in the trans- portation of oil were transferred to the National Transit Company. This enterprise, as well as others in which Mr. Warden bore a conspicuous and controlling part, including the Atlantic Refinery and its works, was consolidated with the Standard Oil Company of Ohio in 1874. For many years Mr. Warden was a member of its executive committee and had charge of its extensive affairs in Philadelphia. In the course of the thirty years of his life in Philadel- phia, Mr. Warden's love of planning practical improvements in the best modern manner was exemplified in various direc- tions. He was the founder of the United Gas Improvement 169 Biographies of Deceased Members Company. In the reclaiming to industrial utility the land at Point Breeze and at Girard Point he did not a little to open the way for consideration of a policy by which the city of Philadelphia may ultimately develop the banks of the lower Schuylkill for the commercial purposes of the port. His faith in Philadelphia was like his faith in his State. Sev- eral extensive parts of the city underwent real estate im- provement on a large scale as a consequence of his plans and investments. Notably in this respect was the northwest region, above the Falls of Schuylkill and near the Wissa- hickon, and the connection which he made between bridges and avenues in that vicinity. He was the first citizen to in- troduce an apartment house in Philadelphia, at a time when that form of modern convenience in the habitations of the city was still a novelty. This was the Gladstone, at Eleventh and Pine Streets. Elsewhere he introduced ideas of a simi- lar nature, and one of these was his remodelling of a part of the quarter for colored people of St. Augustine, Fla. a race in whom his interest was as practical as it was consider- ate, for as an Abolitionist, as he had been in his early days, he believed in providing them with industrial opportunity, not with simply sentimental help. In his early manhood Mr. Warden married a daughter of Daniel Bushnell of Pittsburg; he was unusually blessed in his domestic life, and his large fortune never lessened the simplicity of his tastes. A Presbyterian, he was at one time superintendent of the Sunday-school of the Wharton Street Church, and afterward a member of the First Church in Germantown. He died on April 9, 1895, at his home at School Lane and Wissahickon Avenue, survived by Mrs. Warden and twelve children, and leaving behind a memory not alone for his great industrial success, but as a man of just and sterling worth. SAMUEL WILKIE, member 1881. Mr. Wilkie was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, November n, 1834, and died in Philadelphia, January 15, 1913. He was interred in Mount 170 Biographies of Deceased Members Vernon Cemetery. His father, Samuel, and his mother, Lizzie Stuart Wilkie, were both of Scottish birth and train- ing. Mr. Wilkie was educated in Edinburgh, taught school in that city for a while, and came to the United States when eighteen years of age, and after locating in Philadelphia served several years' apprenticeship at cork cutting. In 1863 he started in the cork manufacturing business for himself, in Philadelphia, and some years later added the carbonic acid gas business to his other activities, and in 1908 erected a factory, since enlarged, which is one of the largest plants of that class in this country. He was married, June 30, 1870, to Anna Henrietta Kauf- mann, and they had issue seven children. He was a member of Caledonian Lodge No. 700 I. O. O. F., Washington Lodge No. 59 F. & A. M., Harmony R. A. Chapter No. 52, Philadelphia Commandery No. 2, Caledonian Club, and the Scots' Thistle Society. Mr. Wilkie was a member of the North Presbyterian Church, and was highly respected and loved by all who knew him. CAPTAIN JAMES YOUNG, member 1752, Vice-president, 1762. He died in Philadelphia, January 28, 1779, in his fiftieth year, and was buried in the Graeme lot in Christ Church-yard. The Supreme Executive Council of Pennsyl- vania was included in the invitation to the funeral. It would appear, from the crest used by Captain Young, that he was of the family of Young of Auldbar, Scotland. The date and place of his birth have not been ascertained. In June, 1756, he was appointed Commissary-General of the Musters of Pennsylvania, and throughout the cam- paigns against the French and Indians of that period he served as paymaster of the troops. The Pennsylvania Archives contain repeated references to Captain Young's activities in the inspection of forts, etc., in the discharge of his military duties. In 1767 he was commissioned a justice of Philadelphia 171 Biographies of Deceased Members County. At the outbreak of the Revolutionary War Captain Young embraced the cause of the Colonies, and in 1776 was appointed captain and afterward Wagon-Master of Pennsylvania, this position having been assigned to him doubtless by reason of his previous experience in the Brad- dock campaign. He married Mary Jane, a daughter of Dr. Thomas Graeme, a founder and the first President of The St. An- drew's Society. Their oldest son, named after Dr. Graeme, died in infancy, and a daughter, Ann, born November 5, 1756, married William Smith, M.D. (member 1789), pre- viously referred to. Another son, John, was born in Philadelphia, November 6, 1757, of whom Dr. Rush said, " In literary attainments he had few equals." He refused to follow his father in siding with the Colonies, and in January, 1 776, though then less than twenty years of age, with a companion went over to New York and thence to Boston, where he was arrested by the Committee of Safety and sent home under guard. In 1780 he purchased a lieutenancy in the 42nd Foot, in the British service, and died in London, England, April 25, I794- [Keith's Prov. Councillors, vol. vii, Pennsylvania Archives.] HUGH CRAIG, JUNIOR, Life member 1871. Mr. Craig was taken ill while on his accustomed walk from his home to the Armory of the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry, and died two days later, November 6, 1913. He had been long and actively connected with this troop, and at the time of his decease was Quartermaster and Treasurer. He was buried at Laurel Hill, the First City Troop attending in a body. As a boy he attended the classical school in Philadelphia of the Rev. Dr. John W. Fairies, and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1869. The portrait of Lieutenant Craig, here given, is from a full-length oil painting in the Armory. 172 Photograph by Haessler, Philadelphia LIEUTENANT HUGH CRAIG, JR. Life member 1871 Died in Philadelphia, November 6, 1913 JAMES MACALISTER. M.A.. LL.D. Member 1883 Died December n, 1913 Biographies of Deceased Members JAMES FAIRMAN CAMPBELL, member 1900. Born in Davenport, Iowa, May 27, 1872; died in Philadelphia No- vember 26, 1913, after a few days' illness. He was de- scended from the Campbells of Argyleshire. He was a son of James Daniels Campbell, member 1897, and Ada Kather- ine Campbell, both born in Pennsylvania. Mr. Campbell was highly educated. After attending the Gramercy Park School in New York, he entered the Brook- lyn Polytechnic for special studies, then the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Lehigh University, and in 1895 was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Law School, and received the degree of LL.B. After graduation he practised law in Philadelphia and appeared before the several courts of the State and the Supreme Court of the United States. Mr. Campbell took an active interest in politics and was for several terms President of the Forty-second Ward Re- publican Club. He married, on June 28, 1902, Miss Bertie M. Plunkett, of Toronto, Canada, who with a daughter and son survive him. He was a member of the Sigma Phi Fraternity of New York, University and Manufacturers' Clubs of Philadel- phia, St. Nicholas Club of New York, and the Huntingdon Valley Golf Club. He was connected with the Episcopal Church. JAMES MACALISTER, M.A., LL.D., member originally 1883, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, April 26, 1840, the son of John MacAlister, of Glasgow, and his wife, Agnes Robertson, of Hamilton, Lanarkshire, Scotland, both in di- rect descent from the MacAlister and the Robertson clans. His elementary education was received in his native city. When a small boy he came to this country and a little later entered Brown University. While failing health retarded his educational work, he was graduated from the institution Biographies of Deceased Members at the age of 16. Subsequently the university conferred on him the degree of LL.D. The MacAlister family moved to Milwaukee. The young man began teaching in that city, but abandoned his work for four years and was graduated from the Albany Law School. Educational work appealed to him and it was not long before he made it his vocation. He was elected superintendent of schools in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1874, a position he held until 1881. He was a member of the Board of Regents of State Normal Schools in Wiscon- sin, 1878-83. In 1883 he became the first superintendent of schools of Philadelphia and introduced many reforms in the system, notably in the kindergartens and in co-ordination of teaching. He resigned this position in 1891 to become President of the Drexel Institute, founded by the late Anthony J. Drexel, and the success of that Institute has been attributed largely to his wise judgment. Johns Hopkins elected Doctor MacAlister a lecturer in 1893. He lectured at several colleges also and served as a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania 1885-1897. He was one of the fathers of the Contemporary Club and its first President. He was a member of the Fairmount Park Art Association, the French Academy, the American Philo- sophical Society, the Phi Beta Kappa Fraternity, University Club and the City Club, Philadelphia, and many educational organizations. As a writer on educational subjects Doctor MacAlister was well known. Among his leading books were, " Manual of Primary Education," 1884, "Manual Training in the Public Schools of Philadelphia," 1890, "Art Education in Public Schools," 1893, and " Manual of Instruction in United States History and Civil Government," 1887. Doctor MacAlister married Miss Lucretia Brayton, of Atzalan, Wisconsin. She died several years ago. He is survived by four daughters, the Misses Mary Tweedie, Janet Bennie, Agnes Helen, and Julia Clyde MacAlister. Biographies of Deceased Members In June, 1913, Doctor MacAlister, because of failing health, resigned as President of the Drexel Institute to take a well-earned rest. He was on a voyage to Bermuda, ac- companied by two daughters, and his death occurred on the vessel on Thursday, December n. Doctor MacAlister was a genial, cultivated and useful citizen. He had trained hundreds of pupils to high ideals and it has been well said, " These are his monument, and these his legacy to Phila- delphia." ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FOURTH ANNIVERSARY BY reason of St. Andrew's Day, November 3Oth, occur- ring this year on Sunday, the One Hundred and Sixty- fourth Anniversary of The St. Andrew's Society of Phila- delphia was held on Monday evening, December ist, at the Bellevue-Stratford. One hundred and seventy-six members and guests participated. At the opening of the dinner, after grace was said by the Chaplain, Rev. James H. Lamb, D.D., the retiring Presi- dent, Mr. John Gordon Gray, in a few appreciative words introduced as his successor Alexander C. Fergusson, Junior, who feelingly returned his thanks to The St. Andrew's Society for the honor conferred upon him in an election to an office which had been filled during the long career of the Society by so many able and prominent men. After the usual set toasts, Mr. Fergusson said it would be presumptuous in him to attempt to introduce one who was known all over the world, one honored for marvellous deeds of daring in the interest of science, and he would therefore simply name as the first speaker, Rear Admiral Robert E. Peary, U. S. Navy. The mention of the name of Admiral Peary brought all the members to their feet, and led by members of the Orpheus Club all joined in singing " The Red, White and Blue." The Admiral on opening his address gave high praise to the hardy mariners of Scotland for their part in the conquest of northern sea lanes. For 275 years Great Britain held the record for farthest north ; the honor belonged largely to the Scotch whaling ships and their hardy crews. The Admiral paid a tribute warm and tender to the memory of Captain 176 Anniversary Meeting Scott, who sacrificed his life in the quest of the South Pole. This brave officer was a Scot. He cited a number of inter- esting facts in the differences of conditions between the North and the South Pole. The North Pole, he said, was above an ocean two miles deep, whereas the pole at the South was two miles above sea-level on a continent surrounded by water. Many animals were found within 500 miles of the North Pole, yet no such life existed within 2300 miles of the other end of the earth. The ice at the North Pole, continued the speaker, breaks up every year, often leaving open lanes that continue in the coldest weather, while the movement of the great ice floes makes it impossible to store food in caches. In Antarctic regions food depots can be placed upon immovable spots, to be found long thereafter. The discovery of the poles and the construction of a waterway across the Isthmus, Admiral Peary said, had been the dream of scientists and explorers for 400 years. Yet in the conquest of the frozen zones no enginery of man was available on the last lap, the labor being performed by human beings and Eskimo dogs. In the battle in the north- ern seas many ships had been lost and hundreds of men had been sacrificed ; whereas in the southern quest only one ship and a dozen men had gone down to death before finding the object of their search. The address of Admiral Peary was listened to with the closest attention and he was greeted with hearty cheers at its close. President Fergusson then notified Admiral Peary that he had been unanimously elected an Honorary member of The St. Andrew's Society and he presented him with a gold emblem, the insignia of the Society. The Rev. Clarence E. Macartney, of Newark, N. J., speaking to the toast, " Scotland," told of the accomplish- ment of the men of that race. He said that he made no dis- tinction between the Scot and Scotch-Irish, adding, " for the Scotchman went to Ireland centuries ago and has all that the Scot has and sometimes more. 177 Anniversary Meeting " Henry Clay, Hamilton, Calhoun, Jefferson Davis, James G. Elaine, were some of the statesmen of Scotch in- heritance. " Princes of finance, such as Stewart, John I. Blair, Car- negie, and Rockefeller, are Scotchmen." In replying to the toast, " Scotch Characteristics," the Rev. Alexander MacColl, pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church, told of the strong traits of the Scots and the severity and strength of their religion. He denounced the author of " When Bunty Pulls the Strings " for making the elder in that play a hypocrite. " The Scottish elder is not a hypo- crite, as every one here knows," he said. Doctor MacColl regretted that the same author had seen fit to place a scene in his latest play depicting the family prayer. He said that, while the scene was not at all intended to be humorous, it produced laughter from some who saw the play. Hon. Henry Houck, Secretary of Internal Affairs, spoke on " The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania." He paid a tribute to its schools and history, and then regaled the diners with one joke after another. Most of them were about school teachers, as he had spent the greater part of his life as scholar and teacher and deputy superintendent of schools. While all the addresses were of a high character and were heartily received and responded to by auditors the sensation of the evening occurred when the President called upon one who was not on the printed programme, Mr. John Gribbel, Vice-President of the Public Ledger Company, and of the Curtis Publishing Company. Mr. Gribbel called attention to the fact that before Robert Burns left Ellisland for Dumfries he had prepared a manuscript volume containing his selected poems finished as he wanted them known to posterity, and another volume containing his manuscript letters, and these he had presented to his very dear friend Laird Riddell, of Glen Riddle. Through a number of changes these two volumes passed 178 Anniversary Meeting into the keeping of the Liverpool Athenaeum, where they re- mained for sixty years. Mr. Gribbel continued : " During the summer just passed the English reading world was shocked to read in the public press that the authorities of the Liverpool Athe- naeum had sold for money these priceless trusted treasures. Another inheritance sold for a mess of pottage. Another Esau confessing his unfitness for nobility and honor. Hur- ried efforts were made to stop the transfer of the volumes, but the delivery had been made and in the excitement they disappeared with the unknown buyer unhindered. " Two weeks ago I was astonished beyond measure by having a dealer come to Philadelphia and submit to me for sale the missing manuscripts. Having an aversion to the possession of property of a certain class, I refused to con- sider them as any possible possession of my own, priceless, though they are ; but, gentlemen, here they are, sold as mer- chandise in the market place and in my possession, but with a purpose which I am sure you will approve. These manu- scripts, after the death of Burns, were the property of ' Bonnie Jean/ She only lent them to Doctor Currie and those who came after him had no stronger title to them. To whom then do they now belong by right, but to Scotland, whose chief possession now is the glory of her immortal son? Let common justice control. " Members of the Society of Saint Andrew, here for 15 years and more, by the grace of your generous hospitality have I, who have no drop of Scotch blood in my veins which I regret sat at your board, privileged to join in your annual hallowing of the memory of Burns: he who in all British literature is the only one to be ranked with Shakes- peare, the one in any and all literature loved above all other. I loved Burns before I was honored in knowing you, but here at this annual fountain I have drunk inspiration until love of Burns has become enthusiasm. 179 Anniversary Meeting " Very largely influenced by my association with you these precious writings go to Scotland to stay therein forever protected by a deed of trust as a gift to the people who gave to the world Robert Burns." Mr. Gribbel further stated that he had communicated with Lord Roseberry as to the best means for the proper disposition of these precious books to insure their preserva- tion. At the conclusion of Mr. Gribbel's address, the audience rose as one man and testified their appreciation of his kindly, gracious action by hearty cheers. University of California SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 305 De Neve Drive - Parking Lot 17 Box 951388 LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90095-1388 Return this material to the library from which it was borrowed. OCT 1 1 2004' ..> DC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY A 000 074 687 5 , \ ' JL