University of California 
 College of Agriculture 
 Agricultural Experiment Station 
 Berkeley, California 
 
 Statistical Analysis of the Annual Average F.O.B. Prices o 
 
 Pacific Coast Canned Bartlett Pears, 1926-27 to 1950-51 
 
 by 
 
 Sidney Jfoos 
 
 July 1951 
 
 Contribution from the 
 Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics 
 Mimeographed Report No. 121 
 
 UMlVRKSITY OF CAUPOKI^A 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 TBXEGE OF AGWCULTUW 
 
Statistical Analysis of the Annual Average F.O.B. Prices of 
 Pacific Coast Canned Bar tie tt Pears, 1926-27 to 1950-51 
 
 Sidney HoosV 
 
 The purpose of this report is to present the results of a statistical analy- 
 sis of the major factors which have influenced the annual average f.o.b. prices 
 received for canned Bartlett pears by canners on the Pacific Coast from 1926-27 
 through 1950-51. The years 19U0-U1 through 19h$-h6 were excluded from the analy- 
 sis because of the abnormal conditions which prevailed during the war years, such 
 as federal price control; and 19U6-U7 was excluded because a large proportion of 
 canner shipments went into the refilling of the supply pipe line rather than into 
 consumers' hands.. 
 
 In the analysis the average relationships which prevailed between the f.o.b. 
 prices of Pacific Coast canned Bartlett pears and three factors were measured. 
 These three factors are: (1) total domestic shipments of Pacific Coast 
 canned pears; (2) index of nonagricultural income payments in the United States; 
 and (3) adjusted index of prices of competing canned fruits. 
 
 Expressed in numerical terms these average relations may be summarized as 
 follows : 
 
 (a) An increase of 10 per cent in domestic shipments of Pacific Coast 
 canned pears, with nonagricultural income and with competing 
 canned fruit prices held constant, was on the average accompanied 
 by a decrease of about 2-| per cent in the f.o.b. price per case 
 of canned Bartlett pears. 
 
 (b) An increase of 10 per cent in the index of nonagricultural income 
 in the United States, with domestic shipments of Pacific Coast 
 canned pears and with prices of competing canned fruits held 
 
 1/ Professor of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Economist in the Ex- 
 periment Station and on the Giannini Foundation. 
 
on 9v. 
 
 axe 
 
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2. 
 
 constant, was on the average accompanied by an increase of about 
 12 per cent in the f.o.b. price per case of canned Bartlett pears, 
 (c) An increase of 10 per cent in the adjusted index of prices of 
 
 competing canned fruits, with domestic shipments of Pacific Coast 
 canned pears and with nonagricultural income held constant, was 
 on the average accompanied by an increase of about 9 per cent in 
 the f.o.b. price per case of canned Bartlett pears.. 
 Differences between the actual prices and those explained by the statistical 
 analysis are given in table U, column 3» 
 
 The f.o.b. prices of canned Bartlett pears used in the report are industry 
 average prices; they are based on records of canners and reflect actual opera- 
 tions of the canneries packing Bartlett pears in California and in the Pacific 
 Northwest. 
 
 The domestic movement of canned Bartlett pears from canners in the three 
 Pacific Coast states has been derived from statistics issued by the Canners League 
 of California and the Northwest Canners Association; the total movement from can- 
 neries has been adjusted for exports to derive the movement to the domestic mar- 
 ket. 
 
 The index of United States nonagricultural income is based on reports issued 
 by the United States Department of Commerce. At the time the analysis was made, 
 nonagricultural income figures for the 1950-51 season were available only through 
 April, 1951. 
 
 Hence, in the nonagricultural income figures used for the marketing year, 
 1950-51^ in the analysis, it has been necessary to estimate the value for May, 
 1951; it has been estimated at the value of April, 1951. 
 
 The level of competing canned fruit prices has been measured by an index 
 constructed in the same manner as in the previous reports on canned Bartlett pears; 
 the construction of the index is explained in some detail in table 3 appended to 
 
3. . 
 
 this report. The f .o.b. prices of canned apricots and canned clingstone peaches 
 are based on reports from California canners and reflect actual operations of 
 the packers. ■ The prices for canned apricots were compiled by the Canners League 
 of California, and the prices of canned clingstone peaches were compiled by the 
 Cling Peach Advisory Board. The prices of canned Hawaiian pineapple are based 
 on published quotations supplemented by available trade information. 
 
 Specific sources for the several series of data used in the analysis, and 
 more detailed specifications, are noted in the explanatory footnotes to tables 1, 
 2 and 3 appended to this report. 
 
TABLE 1 
 
 Statistical Analysis of Annual Average F.O.B. 
 Prices of Pacific Coast Canned Bartlett Pears 
 (1926-27 Through 1950-51, Excluding 19U0-U1 Through 19J*6-U7) 
 
 Year, 
 June 
 through 
 May- 
 
 Pacific Coast 
 f.o.b. price 
 
 canned 
 Bartlett pears 
 
 dollars per case 
 
 1926-27 
 
 U.31 
 
 1927-28 
 
 U.60 
 
 1928-29 
 
 U.13 
 
 1929-30 
 
 U.82 
 
 1930-31 
 
 3.53 
 
 1931-32 
 
 2.82 
 
 1932-33 
 
 2.U8 
 
 1933-31* 
 
 2.61* 
 
 193U-35 
 
 3.05 
 
 1935-36 
 
 2.92 
 
 1936-37 
 
 2.92 
 
 1937-38 
 
 3.07 
 
 1938-39 
 
 2.77 
 
 1939-UO 
 
 3.27 
 
 19U7-U8 
 
 7.07 
 
 19U8-U9 
 
 7.37 
 
 19U9-50 , 
 
 5.15 
 
 l95o-5l b / 
 
 6.90 
 
 Domestic 
 shipments 
 of canned 
 pears 
 
 1,000 casesa/ 
 
 1,957 
 1,637 
 2,170 
 2,383 
 2,617 
 1,990 
 2,200 
 2,767 
 2,98ii 
 2,670 
 3,997 
 2,681 
 
 3,11k 
 2,768 
 
 U,866 
 3,660 
 5,613 
 h,790 
 
 Index of 
 United States 
 no nagri cultural 
 income 
 
 Adjusted index 
 of prices of 
 competing 
 canned fruits 
 
 5 
 
 1935-1939 = 100 
 
 115.3 
 116.2 
 120.7 
 120.2 
 10U.U 
 85.5 
 68.1 
 
 75.5 
 82.1 
 91.0 
 106.5 
 103.3 
 101.0 
 109.6 
 
 285.9 
 30U.7 
 305.2 
 3U6.5 
 
 119.0 
 105.9 
 103.3 
 121.1* 
 107.7 
 108.3 
 118,2 
 123.0 
 128.1 
 109.1 
 95.2 
 107.1 
 90.6 
 88.7 
 
 61.2 
 59.9 
 51.6 
 53. U 
 
 a/ No. 2^ can basis. 
 
 b/ Preliminary, subject to revision. 
 
 Sources: 
 Col. It 
 
 Compiled from canner reports by Canners League of California and 
 Northwest Canners Association, Prices are weighted average f.o.b. 
 prices received by canners for all grades and sizes of cans, on an 
 unadvertised basis. 
 Col. 2: Column 7, table 2. 
 
 Col. 3: Simple average of the pack-year monthly indexes of national income, 
 
 excluding agricultural income, 1935-1939 average equals 100. Monthly 
 income data compiled from U. S. Department of Commerce, Survey of 
 Current Business. Index for May 1951 estimated at a level of April 
 1951. 
 
 Col. hi For sources and method of construction, see table 3» 
 
6^- ; r, rr 9s$?, 
 
 TO" 
 
 £.801. 
 
 V0.£- 
 ro c 
 
 ■tc r oe t \;isni:nr4X9Tl \d 
 
 ,^fjX JlGf 
 
 1.4 
 
5. 
 
 TABLE 2 
 
 Pack, Carry-Over, Shipments, and Exports of Pacific Coast 
 Canned Pears, 1926-27 to 1950-51 
 
 Year, 
 June 
 through 
 May 
 
 Pack 
 
 Carry-over 
 from 
 previous 
 year 
 
 Available 
 
 for 
 shipment 
 
 Carry-over 
 
 into 
 following 
 
 year 
 
 Total 
 shipments 
 
 Exports 
 
 Domestic 
 shipments 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 h 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 .,000 casesa/ 
 
 
 
 1926- 27 
 
 1927- 28 
 
 1928- 29 
 
 1929- 30 
 
 3,260 
 2,639 
 It, 116 
 4,206 
 
 507 
 4OI 
 167 
 292 
 
 3,767 
 3,040 
 4,283 
 4,498 
 
 401 
 167 
 292 
 952 
 
 3,366 
 
 2,873 
 3,991 
 3,546 
 
 1,409 
 1,236 
 1,821 
 1,163 
 
 1,957 
 1,637 
 2,170 
 2,383 
 
 1910-31 
 
 1931- 32 
 
 1932- 33 
 
 1933- 34 
 
 1934- 35 
 
 3,635 
 3,117 
 4,377 
 5,505 
 
 952 
 893 
 870 
 l£9 
 273 
 
 5.105 
 U,528 
 
 3,987 
 
 4,806 
 5,778 
 
 893 
 870 
 
 429 
 273 
 1,291 
 
 4,212 
 3,658 
 3,558 
 4,533 
 4,487 
 
 1,595 
 1,668 
 1,358 
 1,766 
 1,503 
 
 2.617 
 1,990 
 2,200 
 2,767 
 2,984 
 
 1935- 36 
 
 1936- 37 
 
 1937- 38 
 
 1938- 39 
 
 1939- 40 
 
 4,230 
 5,355 
 4,321 
 4,090 
 4,057 
 
 1,291 
 957 
 850 
 
 1,150 
 400 
 
 5,521 
 6,312 
 5,171 
 
 5,240 
 u,U57 
 
 957 
 850 
 1,150 
 400 
 280 
 
 4,564 
 5,U62 
 4,021 
 4,840 
 4,177 
 
 n Oq|, 
 
 1,465 
 1,340 
 1,726 
 1,409 
 
 2,070 
 3,997 
 2,681 
 3,114 
 2,768 
 
 1947-48 
 19U8-U9 
 
 1949- 50 
 
 1950- 51 
 
 5,622 
 3,831 
 5,459 
 6,048 
 
 200 
 726 
 761 
 448 
 
 5,822 
 4,557 
 6,220 
 6,496 
 
 726 
 761 
 448 
 566 
 
 5,096 
 3,796 
 5,772 
 5,930 
 
 230 
 136 
 159 
 239 
 
 4,866 
 3,660 
 
 4,790b/ 
 
 a/ No. l\ can basis. 
 
 b/ Excludes 900, 5U9 cases purchased by U. S. Defense Department (Quartermaster 
 ■ Corps). If Quartermaster purchases were included, domestic shipments would 
 amount to 5,691,000 cases. 
 
 Sources: 
 Col. 1: 
 
 Cols. 2 and 4: 
 
 Cols. 3 
 Col. 6: 
 
 Col. 7: 
 
 and 5: 
 
 Compiled from reports of Canners League of California and 
 Northwest Canners Association. 
 
 Compiled from reports of Canners League of California and 
 Northwest Canners Association. Carry-overs for June 1, 1937, 
 1938, 1939, and 1940 were estimated from incomplete data. 
 California and Pacific Northwest carry-overs for June 1, 1926, 
 1927, 1928, 1929, and 1930 were converted from actual cases. 
 Also, Pacific Northwest carry-over for June 1, 1932 was con- 
 verted from actual cases. 
 Calculated. 
 
 Compiled from United States Department of Commerce, Monthly 
 Summary of Foreign Commerce of the United States. Exports con- 
 verted at U5 pounds per No.. 2f equivalent case. April-May 1951 
 exports estimated* 
 Column 5 minus column 6. 
 
1 t<> stooqxfl bns- t 
 
 L_ _ L 
 
 P : i 
 
 
 
 -1— 
 
 , . 
 
 
 
 
 
 •J... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • . o ^ fcoo £ 1 ' 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a V 
 
 baR »jtm 
 
 > ?Jioqxa-- ^9i±nU . 9 r# to « 
 
 SO 
 
 ■ adriPirlJ m* ■fairafX eft • 
 
TABLE 3 
 
 Construction of Index of Prices of Canned Fruits Competing with Canned Bartlett Pears 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Unadjusted 
 
 
 Adjusted 
 
 Year, 
 
 
 Prices 
 
 
 Relatives of prices 
 
 index of 
 
 Index of 
 
 index of 
 
 June 
 
 Canned 
 
 1 
 
 
 Canned 
 
 
 Canned 
 
 prices of 
 
 United States 
 
 prices of 
 
 through 
 
 clingstone 
 
 Canned 
 
 Canned 
 
 clingstone 
 
 Canned 
 
 Hawaiian 
 
 competing 
 
 nonagricul- 
 
 competing 
 
 May 
 
 peaches 
 
 apricots 
 
 pineapples 
 
 peaches 
 
 apricots 
 
 pineapple 
 
 canned fruits 
 
 tural income 
 
 canned fruits 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 dollars per case 
 
 
 
 1935-1939 = 100 
 
 
 
 1926-27 
 
 3.66 
 
 3.85 
 
 4.70 
 
 1 
 
 142.2 
 
 137.3 
 
 130.6 
 
 137.2 
 
 115.3 
 
 119.0 
 
 1927-28 
 
 3.17 
 
 3.97 
 
 4.20 
 
 123.2 
 
 141.6 
 
 116.7 
 
 123.1 
 
 116.2 
 
 105.9 
 
 1928-29 
 
 3.22 
 
 3.67 
 
 4.40 
 
 125.1 
 
 130.9 
 
 122.2 
 
 124.7 
 
 120.7 
 
 103.3 
 
 1929-30 
 
 4.08 
 
 3.97 
 
 4.70 
 
 158.5 
 
 141.6 
 
 130.6 
 
 145.9 
 
 120.2 
 
 121.4 
 
 1930-31 
 
 2.88 
 
 3.32 
 
 4.00 
 
 111.9 
 
 118.4 
 
 111.1 
 
 112.4 
 
 104.4 
 
 107.7 
 
 1931-32 
 
 2.55 
 
 2.64 
 
 3.00 
 
 99.1 
 
 94.2 
 
 83.3 
 
 92.6 
 
 85.5 
 
 108.3 
 
 "i Q o_ 
 IsOc- OO 
 
 1.97 
 
 2.23 
 
 3.10 
 
 76.5 
 
 79.5 
 
 86*1 
 
 80.5 
 
 U O . X 
 
 X X o . c 
 
 1933-34 
 
 2.31 
 
 2.37 
 
 3.60 
 
 89.7 
 
 84.5 
 
 100.0 
 
 92.9 
 
 75.5 
 
 123.0 
 
 1934-35 
 
 2.69 
 
 3.47 
 
 3.60 
 
 104.5 
 
 123.8 
 
 100.0 
 
 105.2 
 
 82.1 
 
 128.1 
 
 1935-36 
 
 2.51 
 
 2.93 
 
 3.60 
 
 97.5 
 
 104.5 
 
 100.0 
 
 99.3 
 
 91.0 
 
 109.1 
 
 1936-37 
 
 2.66 
 
 2.75 
 
 3.60 
 
 103.3 
 
 98.1 
 
 100.0 
 
 101.4 
 
 106.5 
 
 95.2 
 
 1937-38 
 
 2.96 
 
 3.02 
 
 3.80 
 
 115.0 
 
 107.7 
 
 105.6 
 
 110.6 
 
 103.3 
 
 107.1 
 
 1938-39 
 
 2.30 
 
 2.55 
 
 3.40 
 
 89.4 
 
 90.9 
 
 94.4 
 
 91.5 
 
 101.0 
 
 90.6 
 
 1939-40 
 
 2.44 
 
 2.77 
 
 3.60 
 
 94.8 
 
 98.8 
 
 100.0 
 
 97.2 
 
 109.6 
 
 88.7 
 
 1947-48 
 
 4.70 
 
 5.20 
 
 5.80 
 
 182.6 
 
 185.4 
 
 161.1 
 
 174.9 
 
 285.9 
 
 61.2 
 
 1948-49 
 
 4.86 
 
 4.55 
 
 6.50 
 
 188.8 
 
 162.3 
 
 180.6 
 
 182.4 
 
 304.7 
 
 59.9 
 
 1949-50 
 
 3.94 
 
 4.11 
 
 6.00 
 
 153.1 
 
 146.6 
 
 166.7 
 
 157.4 
 
 305.2 
 
 51.6 
 
 1950-5ia/ 
 
 4.98 
 
 4.83 
 
 6.40 
 
 193.5 
 
 172.3 
 
 177.8 
 
 185.0 
 
 346.5 
 
 53.4 
 
 a/ Preliminary, subject to revision. 
 
 Sources : 
 
 Cols. 1 and 2: Compiled from reports by canners. Prices are weighted average f.o.b. prices of all grades and sizes 
 
 of cans. Canned clingstone peach prices are for California; and canned Bartlett pear prices are for £ 
 the Pacific Coast, except 1947-48 is for California. 
 
 (Continued on next page.) 
 
• 1 * • • • ■ 
 
 
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 • 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 ■ • %. » » 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 » i J 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Q$QP 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 AC* $ J* 
 
 
 JOT* * 
 
 
 J 
 
 
 
 
 '? ^ P.~* 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 v 41 pC 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ; T „ 0 . . . J 
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 C cue .pure 
 
 W*T£2 COW 
 
 C«xroecj B»i4 
 
Table 3 continued. 
 
 Col. 3: Prices are for No. g§f sliced fancy pineapple, f.o.b. Hawaiian, from published quotations supple- 
 
 mented by trade information. 
 
 Cols. 4, 5 and 6: Prices given in columns 1, 2, and 3, respectively, in per cent of their 1935-1939 averages — 
 
 canned clingstone peaches, $2,574; canned apricots, $2,804; canned pineapples, $3.60. 
 
 Col. 7: Weighted combination of relatives in columns 4, 5, and 6 using the following weights — canned 
 
 clingstone peaches, 8; canned apricots, 2; canned pineapples, 6. 
 
 Col. 8: From table 1, column 3. 
 
 Col. 9; Column 7 divided by column 8. 
 
8. 
 
 TABLE k 
 
 Actual and Estimated F.O.B. Prices of Pacific Coast Canned 
 Bartlett Pears, 1926-27 to 1950-51 
 
 Year, 
 
 
 
 Difference: 
 
 Column 3 
 
 June 
 
 
 
 column 1 
 
 as per 
 
 through 
 
 Actual 
 
 Estimated 
 
 minus 
 
 cent of 
 
 May 
 
 price 
 
 price 
 
 column 2 
 
 column 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 k 
 
 
 dollars per case 
 
 per cent 
 
 1926-27 
 
 U.31 
 
 U.62 
 
 -0.31 
 
 - 7.2 
 
 1927-28 
 
 Mo 
 
 ii.38 
 
 0.22 
 
 U.8 
 
 1928-29 
 
 U.13 
 
 iu21 
 
 -0.08 
 
 - 1.9 
 
 1929-30 
 
 U.82 
 
 U.72 
 
 0.10 
 
 2.1 
 
 1930-31 
 
 3.53 
 
 3.50 
 
 0.03 
 
 0.8 
 
 1931-32 
 
 2.82 
 
 2.9k 
 
 -0.12 
 
 - k»3 
 
 1932-33 
 
 2.1*8 
 
 2.35 
 
 0.13 
 
 5.2 
 
 1933-3U 
 
 2.6U 
 
 2.62 
 
 0.02 
 
 0.8 
 
 193U-35 
 
 3.05 
 
 2.95 
 
 0.10 
 
 3.3 
 
 loot oA 
 
 2.92 
 
 2.98 
 
 -0.06 
 
 0 i 
 — d.i. 
 
 1936-37 
 
 2.92 
 
 2.92 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 1937-38 
 
 3.07 
 
 3.U2 
 
 -0.35 
 
 -11. u 
 
 1938-39 
 
 2.77 
 
 2.77 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 1939-UO 
 
 3.27 
 
 3.09 
 
 0.18 
 
 5.5 
 
 19U7-U8 
 
 7.07 
 
 6.29 
 
 0.78 
 
 11.0 
 
 19kQ-k9 
 
 7.37 
 
 7.13 
 
 0.2k 
 
 3.3 
 
 191+9-50 
 
 5.15 
 
 5.67 
 
 -0.52 
 
 -10.1 
 
 1950-51 
 
 6.90 
 
 7.08 
 
 -0.18 
 
 - 2.6 
 
 Sources : 
 
 Col. 1: From table 1, column 1. 
 
 Col. 2: Estimated by equation It, table 5* 
 
 Col. 3: Column 1 minus column 2. 
 
 Col. U: Column 3 as per cent of column 1. 
 
£~rr~ — 7' — j — t W j 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 ' " ,s | 
 
 
 •s ~ 
 
 
 
 4v _2 ^ 
 
 
 '. 
 
 ■ 
 
 ij 
 
 
 it .4 
 
 _ gt * ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sc«ti 
 
 
 t«a - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cf'v A 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ft 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 Jb. * . 
 »' _ X 
 
 
 • 5 eLdBS t ii ncij-jsifp^ bsirmi-j-aa : :S .160 
 *iS nrs/Ios aim 'a? I nfi-mpD ••'f ? .Io0 
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TABLE 5 
 
 Statistical Analyses of Factors Affecting Annual Average F.O.B. Prices 
 of Pacific Coast Bartlett Pears, 1926-27 to 1950-51 
 (Excluding 1940-41 Through 1946-4-7) 
 
 1 ! 
 
 
 
 , , . ... 
 
 Multiple regression equations 
 
 R 
 
 Adjusted 
 coefficient 
 
 r ■ ■ ■ ■ i 
 
 Equation Dependent 
 number I variable 
 
 Constant 
 term 
 
 Independent variables and their net regression coefficients 
 (figures in parentheses are t-ratios and in brackets are beta coefficients) 
 
 of multiple 
 correlation 
 
 1 
 
 x l 
 
 -2O.37O938 
 
 -0.40o000Xp + 10.9571^0 log-jQA^ + 0.0273^1X4 
 (2.601294) (10.150583) J (2.492112) 
 [0.284358] [I.536831] [0.425552] 
 
 u . yoo 
 
 2 
 
 x l 
 
 -I3.O96O54 
 
 1 , 
 
 -2.388270 log 10 X P + 10.735597 log ln X- + 0.029493X!, 
 (2.108041) (9.401520) 3 (2.547096) 
 [0.220879] [1.505757] [0.459055] 
 
 0.964 
 
 3 
 
 x l 
 
 -27.944203 
 
 1 
 
 -1.897984 logX ? + 11.477785 log lft X, + 7.333932 log 10 X4 
 (1.612923) 10 (8.874514) 10 3 (2.773381) 
 [-0.175535] [1.609855] [0.59^920] 
 
 0.966 
 
 4 
 
 
 -2.916400 
 
 -0.231115 log nn Xp + I.218529 log in Xo + 0.881142 log. ^4 
 (3.028261) 1U d (14.526614) 10 3 (5.137613) 
 [-0.221132] [I.768139] [0.739468] 
 
 0.985 
 
 X-, ■ annual average f.o.b. price of Pacific Coast canned Bartlett pears (in dollars per case); 
 
 Xg = domestic shipments of Pacific Coast canned Bartlett pears (in units of 1,000,000 cases); 
 
 X^ = index of United States nonagricultural income (1935-1939=100) ; 
 
 X4 ■ adjusted index of prices of competing canned fruit (1935-1939=100) . 
 

 
 
 ! ■ ; 1 i 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
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